|
| [
{
"id": "126591",
"text": "Book of Exodus The Book of Exodus or Exodus is the second book of the Torah and the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament) immediately following Genesis. The book tells how the Israelites leave slavery in Egypt through the strength of Yahweh, the god who has chosen Israel as his people. Led by their prophet Moses they journey through the wilderness to Mount Sinai, where Yahweh promises them the land of Canaan (the \"Promised Land\") in return for their faithfulness. Israel enters into a covenant with Yahweh who gives them their laws and instructions to build the Tabernacle, the means by",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "5028263",
"text": "The Exodus The Exodus is the founding myth of the Israelites. Spread over the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, it tells of the enslavement that befell the children of Israel in Egypt, their liberation through the hand of Yahweh and the revelations at Sinai, and their wanderings in the wilderness up to borders of Canaan, the land their God has given them. Its message is that Israel was delivered from slavery by Yahweh and therefore belongs to him through the Mosaic covenant, the terms of which are that Yahweh will protect his chosen people for all time, so",
"title": "The Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126593",
"text": "hardship and escape, a binding covenant with God, who chooses Israel, and the establishment of the life of the community and the guidelines for sustaining it. The English name \"Exodus\" comes from the , \"éxodos\", meaning \"going out\". In Hebrew the book is called שְׁמוֹת, \"shemot\", \"Names\", from the beginning words of the text: \"These are the names of the sons of Israel\" (). There is no unanimous agreement among scholars on the structure of Exodus. One strong possibility is that it is a diptych (i.e., divided into two parts), with the division between parts 1 and 2 at the",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "5028265",
"text": "Canaanite origin for ancient Israel. The story of the Exodus is told in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, the last four of the five books of the Torah (also called the Pentateuch). It begins with the Israelites in slavery. Their prophet Moses leads them out of Egypt and through the wilderness to Mount Sinai, where Yahweh reveals himself to his people and establishes the Mosaic covenant: they are to keep his \"torah\" (i.e. law, instruction), and in return he will give them the land of Canaan. The Israelites accept the covenant and receive their laws, and, with",
"title": "The Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126609",
"text": "humanity's state in Eden, so that God can dwell with the Israelites as he had with Adam and Eve through the Ark and Tabernacle, which together form a model of the universe; in later Abrahamic religions this came to be interpreted as Israel being the guardian of God's plan for humanity, to bring \"God's creation blessing to mankind\" begun in Adam. Book of Exodus The Book of Exodus or Exodus is the second book of the Torah and the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament) immediately following Genesis. The book tells how the Israelites leave slavery in Egypt through the strength",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126592",
"text": "which he will come here from heaven and dwell with them and lead them in a holy war to possess the land, and then give them peace. Traditionally ascribed to Moses himself, modern scholarship sees the book as initially a product of the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), based on earlier written and oral traditions, with final revisions in the Persian post-exilic period (5th century BCE). Carol Meyers in her commentary on Exodus suggests that it is arguably the most important book in the Bible, as it presents the defining features of Israel's identity: memories of a past marked by",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126595",
"text": "Nile. A Levite woman (identified elsewhere as Jochebed) saves her baby by setting him adrift on the river Nile in an ark of bulrushes. The Pharaoh's daughter finds the child, names him Moses, and brings him up as her own. But Moses is aware of his origins, and one day, when grown, he kills an Egyptian overseer who is beating a Hebrew slave and has to flee into Midian. There he marries Zipporah, the daughter of Midianite priest Jethro, and encounters God in a burning bush. Moses asks God for his name: God replies: \"I AM that I AM.\" God",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126605",
"text": "draw on the Egyptian \"Story of Sinuhe\". Biblical scholars describe the Bible's theologically-motivated history writing as \"salvation history\", meaning a history of God's saving actions that give identity to Israel – the promise of offspring and land to the ancestors, the exodus from Egypt (in which God saves Israel from slavery), the wilderness wandering, the revelation at Sinai, and the hope for the future life in the promised land. A theophany is a manifestation (appearance) of a god – in the Bible, an appearance of the God of Israel, accompanied by storms – the earth trembles, the mountains quake, the",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "5028282",
"text": "Mundi (Year of the World, meaning 2666 years after God creates the world), and two-thirds of the way through a four thousand year era which culminates in or around the re-dedication of the Second Temple in 164 BCE. The Exodus The Exodus is the founding myth of the Israelites. Spread over the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, it tells of the enslavement that befell the children of Israel in Egypt, their liberation through the hand of Yahweh and the revelations at Sinai, and their wanderings in the wilderness up to borders of Canaan, the land their God has",
"title": "The Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126596",
"text": "tells Moses to return to Egypt and lead the Hebrews into Canaan, the land promised to Abraham. Moses returns to Egypt and fails to convince the Pharaoh to release the Israelites. God smites the Egyptians with 10 terrible plagues (Plagues of Egypt) including a river of blood, many frogs, and the death of first-born sons. Moses leads the Israelites out of bondage after a final chase when the Pharaoh reneges on his coerced consent (Crossing the Red Sea and Yam Suph). The desert proves arduous, and the Israelites complain and long for Egypt, but God provides manna and miraculous water",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126597",
"text": "for them. The Israelites arrive at the mountain of God, where Moses' father-in-law Jethro visits Moses; at his suggestion Moses appoints judges over Israel. God asks whether they will agree to be his people. They accept. The people gather at the foot of the mountain, and with thunder and lightning, fire and clouds of smoke, and the sound of trumpets, and the trembling of the mountain, God appears on the peak, and the people see the cloud and hear the voice [or possibly \"sound\"] of God. Moses is told to ascend the mountain. God pronounces the Ten Commandments (the Ethical",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126603",
"text": "accept God as a cause of events, but in Exodus, everything is presented as the work of God, who appears frequently in person, and the historical setting is only very hazily sketched. The purpose of the book is not to record what really happened, but to reflect the historical experience of the exile community in Babylon and later Jerusalem, facing foreign captivity and the need to come to terms with their understanding of God. Although mythical elements are not so prominent in Exodus as in Genesis, ancient legends have an influence on the book's content: for example, the story of",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126594",
"text": "crossing of the Red Sea or at the beginning of the theophany (appearance of God) in chapter 19. On this plan, the first part tells of God's rescue of his people from Egypt and their journey under his care to Sinai (chapters 1–19) and the second tells of the covenant between them (chapters 20–40). Jacob's sons and their families join their brother, Joseph, in Egypt. Once there, the Israelites begin to grow in number. Egypt's Pharaoh, fearful that the Israelites could be a fifth column, forces the Israelites into slavery and orders that all newborn boys be thrown into the",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126602",
"text": "In approximate round dates, the process which produced Exodus and the Pentateuch probably began around 600 BCE when existing oral and written traditions were brought together to form books recognisable as those we know, reaching their final form as unchangeable sacred texts around 400 BCE. The story of the exodus is the founding myth of Israel, telling how the Israelites were delivered from slavery by Yahweh and therefore belong to him through the Mosaic covenant. The Book of Exodus is not a historical narrative in any modern sense: modern history writing requires the critical evaluation of sources, and does not",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126608",
"text": "ancient Middle East: a preamble, historical prologue, stipulations, deposition and reading, list of witnesses, blessings and curses, and ratification by animal sacrifice. Biblical covenants, in contrast to Eastern covenants in general, are between a god, Yahweh, and a people, Israel, instead of between a strong ruler and a weaker vassal. Israel is elected for salvation because the \"sons of Israel\" are \"the firstborn son\" of the God of Israel, descended through Shem and Abraham to the chosen line of Jacob whose name is changed to Israel. The goal of the divine plan as revealed in Exodus is a return to",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126599",
"text": "God could dwell permanently among his chosen people, as well as instructions for the priestly vestments, the altar and its appurtenances, the procedure to be used to ordain the priests, and the daily sacrifices to be offered. Aaron is appointed as the first hereditary high priest. God gives Moses the two tablets of stone containing the words of the ten commandments, written with the \"finger of God\". While Moses is with God, Aaron makes a golden calf, which the people worship. God informs Moses of their apostasy and threatens to kill them all, but relents when Moses pleads for them.",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126606",
"text": "heavens pour rain, thunder peals and lightning flashes. The theophany in Exodus begins \"the third day\" from their arrival at Sinai in chapter 19: Yahweh and the people meet at the mountain, God appears in the storm and converses with Moses, giving him the Ten Commandments while the people listen. The theophany is therefore a public experience of divine law. The second half of Exodus marks the point at which, and describes the process through which, God's theophany becomes a permanent presence for Israel via the Tabernacle. That so much of the book (chapters 25–31, 35–40) is spent describing the",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "5028267",
"text": "prepare for the conquest of the land. The climax of the Exodus is the covenant (binding legal agreement) between God and Israel mediated by Moses at Sinai: Yahweh will protect Israel as his chosen people for all time, and Israel will keep Yahweh's laws and worship only him. The covenant is described in stages: at Exodus 24:3–8 the Israelites agree to abide by the \"book of the covenant\" that Moses has just read to them; shortly afterwards God writes the \"words of the covenant\" – the Ten Commandments – on stone tablets; and finally, as the people gather in Moab",
"title": "The Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126600",
"text": "Moses comes down from the mountain, smashes the stone tablets in anger, and commands the Levites to massacre the unfaithful Israelites. God commands Moses to make two new tablets on which He will personally write the words that were on the first tablets. Moses ascends the mountain, God dictates the Ten Commandments (the Ritual Decalogue), and Moses writes them on the tablets. Moses descends from the mountain, and his face is transformed, so that from that time onwards he has to hide his face with a veil. Moses assembles the Hebrews and repeats to them the commandments he has received",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126604",
"text": "the infant Moses's salvation from the Nile is based on an earlier legend of king Sargon of Akkad, while the story of the parting of the Red Sea trades on Mesopotamian creation mythology. Similarly, the Covenant Code (the law code in Exodus 20:22–23:33) has some similarities in both content and structure with the Laws of Hammurabi. These influences serve to reinforce the conclusion that the Book of Exodus originated in the exiled Jewish community of 6th-century BCE Babylon, but not all the sources are Mesopotamian: the story of Moses's flight to Midian following the murder of the Egyptian overseer may",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "126598",
"text": "Decalogue) in the hearing of all Israel. Moses goes up the mountain into the presence of God, who pronounces the Covenant Code (a detailed code of ritual and civil law), and promises Canaan to them if they obey. Moses comes down the mountain and writes down God's words and the people agree to keep them. God calls Moses up the mountain where he remains for 40 days and 40 nights. At the conclusion of the 40 days and 40 nights, Moses returns holding the set of stone tablets. God gives Moses instructions for the construction of the tabernacle so that",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "5028268",
"text": "to cross into Canaan, the land God has promised them, Moses makes a new covenant between Yahweh and Israel \"beside the covenant he made with them at Horeb\" (Deuteronomy 29:1). The laws are set out in a number of codes: Scholars are broadly agreed that the publication of the Torah took place in the mid-Persian period (the 5th century BCE), echoing a traditional Jewish view which gives Ezra, the leader of the Jewish community on its return from Babylon, a pivotal role in its promulgation. The tradition behind it stretches back some two hundred years before then, to a point",
"title": "The Exodus"
},
{
"id": "5028271",
"text": "that the Exodus story was composed to serve the needs of a post-exilic Jewish community organised around the Temple, which acted in effect as a bank for those who belonged to it. The Torah (the Exodus story) served as an \"identity card\" defining who belonged to this community (i.e., to Israel), thus reinforcing Israel's unity through its new institutions. The Exodus is at the centre of Jewish identity. It is remembered daily in Jewish prayers and celebrated each year at the feasts of Pesach (Passover) and Shavuot, the two being known respectively as \"the time of our freedom\" and \"the",
"title": "The Exodus"
},
{
"id": "411154",
"text": "They had heard that there was a grain storage and distribution facility in Egypt. \"Exodus\" begins the story of God's revelation to his people of Israel through Moses, who leads them out of Egypt (Exodus 1–18) to Mount Sinai. There the people accept the covenant with God, agreeing to be his people and abide by his holy Law, in return for his agreeing to be their God, and protect and defend them from their enemies, and provide for them and make them prosper. Moses receives the Torah from God, and teaches His laws and Covenant (Exodus 19–24) to the people",
"title": "Torah"
},
{
"id": "5028264",
"text": "long as they will keep his laws and worship only him. The narrative and its laws remain central to Judaism, recounted daily in Jewish prayers and celebrated in festivals such as Passover, as well as serving as an inspiration and model for non-Jewish groups from early Protestants fleeing persecution in Europe to African-Americans striving for freedom and civil rights. The traditions behind the Exodus story can be traced in the writings of the 8th-century BCE prophets, beyond which their history is obscured by centuries of transmission. No historical basis for the biblical Exodus story exists; instead, archaeology suggests a native",
"title": "The Exodus"
},
{
"id": "5028266",
"text": "Yahweh now present in their midst, journey on from Sinai, towards the promised land, but when told that the land is filled with giants they refuse to go on, and Yahweh condemns them to remain in the desert until the generation that left Egypt passes away. After thirty-eight years at the oasis of Kadesh Barnea the next generation travel on to the borders of Canaan, where Moses addresses them for the final time, reviewing their travels and giving them further laws. The Exodus ends with the death of Moses on Mount Nebo and his burial by Yahweh, while the Israelites",
"title": "The Exodus"
},
{
"id": "17308852",
"text": "of the Hebrews from Egypt led by Moses and related in the Book of Exodus. The film was released on December 12, 2014 by 20th Century Fox. It received generally negative reviews from critics and earned $268 million. The film was dedicated to filmmaker and Ridley's brother Tony Scott, who died in August 2012. In 1300 BC, Moses, a general and accepted member of the Egyptian royal family, prepares to attack an encamped Hittite army with Prince Ramesses at Kadesh. A High Priestess divines a prophecy from animal intestines, which she relates to Ramesses' father, Seti I. She tells the",
"title": "Exodus: Gods and Kings"
},
{
"id": "241740",
"text": "Book of Leviticus The Book of Leviticus () is the third book of the Torah and of the Old Testament. Most of its chapters (1–7, 11–27) consist of God's speeches to Moses, in which he is commanded to repeat to the Israelites. This takes place within the story of the Israelites' Exodus after they escaped Egypt and reached Mt. Sinai (Exodus 19:1). The Book of Exodus narrates how Moses led the Israelites in building the Tabernacle (Exodus 35–40) based on God's instructions (Exodus 25–31). Then in Leviticus, God tells the Israelites and their priests how to make offerings in the",
"title": "Book of Leviticus"
},
{
"id": "126601",
"text": "from God, which are to keep the Sabbath and to construct the Tabernacle. \"And all the construction of the Tabernacle of the Tent of Meeting was finished, and the children of Israel did according to everything that God had commanded Moses\", and from that time God dwelt in the Tabernacle and ordered the travels of the Hebrews. Jewish and Christian tradition viewed Moses as the author of Exodus and the entire Pentateuch, but by the end of the 19th century the increasing awareness of discrepancies, inconsistencies, repetitions and other features of the Pentateuch had led scholars to abandon this idea.",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "13623741",
"text": "Exodus (poem) Exodus is the title given to an Old English alliterative poem in the Junius manuscript (Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Junius 11). \"Exodus\" is not a paraphrase of the biblical book, but rather a re-telling of the story of the Israelites' flight from Egyptian captivity and the Crossing of the Red Sea in the manner of a \"heroic epic\", much like Old English poems \"Andreas\", \"Judith\", or even \"Beowulf\". It is one of the densest, most allusive and complex poems in Old English, and is the focus of much critical debate. Exodus brings a traditional \"heroic style\" to its",
"title": "Exodus (poem)"
},
{
"id": "13623746",
"text": "the journey of the Israelites in the poem may be taken as a metaphor for the life of man, since life can be “extended…as a pilgrim’s progress on land or as a voyage by sea”. It seems especially possible that this equation was intended when one looks back at the other symbols of stormy weather and salvation. Furthermore, the Egyptians are referred to as “landsmen” while the Israelites are called “sea-faring” and being led by God’s “sail,” which gives strength to the idea that the Israelites are making their way toward salvation. In the Old English version of the poem,",
"title": "Exodus (poem)"
},
{
"id": "5028273",
"text": "deliverance from oppression at the hands of God. The idea that the relationship between God and Israel is defined by the covenant (\"brit\") made at Sinai is central to Jewish identity, together with the laws given to Israel and the thirteen attributes of God revealed there. The fringes worn at the corners of traditional Jewish prayer shawls are a physical reminder of the obligation to observe the laws given at the climax of Exodus: \"Look at it and recall all the commandments of the Lord\" (Numbers). The Exodus has also resonated through non-Jewish culture. Some influences have been trivial but",
"title": "The Exodus"
},
{
"id": "13940080",
"text": "where Moses encounters God at the burning bush. At this point, God reveals His proper name \"Yahweh\" for the first time, identifying Himself as identical with the God already encountered by Moses' ancestors Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (Israel): In the Exodus narrative, after about 400 years of slavery in Egypt, the Israelites are delivered through the plagues of Egypt. After Moses leads them out in the Exodus, Yahweh makes a covenant with the Israelites on the basis of this deliverance. The Ten Commandments summarize the terms of this covenant, beginning with the commandment to have no other gods before him.",
"title": "Thou shalt have no other gods before me"
},
{
"id": "311972",
"text": "Passover Passover, also called Pesach (; from Hebrew \"Pesah, Pesakh\"), is a major, biblically derived Jewish holiday. Jews celebrate Passover as a commemoration of their liberation by God from slavery in ancient Egypt and their freedom as a nation under the leadership of Moses. It commemorates the story of the Exodus as described in the Hebrew Bible, especially in the Book of Exodus, in which the Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt. According to standard biblical chronology, this event would have taken place at about 1300 BCE (AM 2450). Passover is a spring festival which during the existence of",
"title": "Passover"
},
{
"id": "13623747",
"text": "Moses is said to have parted the sea with a “green” staff, a description which does not appear in the Latin script. According to Luria, the cross which Jesus was nailed to was also described as being “green,” and therefore he equates this with meaning that Moses was pious, while others, such as the Egyptians, represented “dry wood” or impious people. Within the poem, allusions to both Noah and Abraham are made. Noah, who built an ark to survive the great flood, and Abraham, who was willing to sacrifice his son, Isaac, both represent a symbol of Christian salvation. Luria",
"title": "Exodus (poem)"
},
{
"id": "107707",
"text": "the Exodus, covenants with God, or disobedience to God's laws; in contrast Isaiah's contemporary Hosea, active in the northern kingdom of Israel, makes frequent reference to the Exodus, the wilderness wanderings, a covenant, the danger of foreign gods and the need to worship Yahweh alone; this has led scholars to the view that these traditions behind Deuteronomy have a northern origin. Whether the Deuteronomic code – the set of laws at chapters 12–26 which form the original core of the book – was written in Josiah's time (late 7th century) or earlier is subject to debate, but many of the",
"title": "Book of Deuteronomy"
},
{
"id": "13623744",
"text": "Peter J. Lucas, for instance, has argued that the poem is an allegorical treatment of the Christian fight with the devil. The Crossing of the Red Sea has been seen as echoing the baptismal liturgy and prefiguring the entrance into Heaven. The Pharaoh may be associated with Satan through some subtle verbal echoes. The Egyptians are seen as being associated with the Devil because they are attempting to keep the Israelites from reaching God. In the poem, the Israelites are being led across the path through the Red Sea by a pillar of cloud which is described as a “segle”",
"title": "Exodus (poem)"
},
{
"id": "7132280",
"text": "Ki Tissa Ki Tisa, Ki Tissa, Ki Thissa, or Ki Sisa ( — Hebrew for \"when you take,\" the sixth and seventh words, and first distinctive words in the parashah) is the 21st weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the ninth in the Book of Exodus. The parashah tells of building the Tabernacle, the incident of the Golden calf, the request of Moses for God to reveal God's attributes, and how Moses became radiant. The parashah constitutes The parashah is the longest of the weekly Torah portions in the book of Exodus",
"title": "Ki Tissa"
},
{
"id": "49752",
"text": "of it. God condemns them to death in the wilderness until a new generation can grow up and carry out the task. The book ends with the new generation of Israelites in the Plain of Moab ready for the crossing of the Jordan River. Numbers is the culmination of the story of Israel's exodus from oppression in Egypt and their journey to take possession of the land God promised their fathers. As such it draws to a conclusion the themes introduced in Genesis and played out in Exodus and Leviticus: God has promised the Israelites that they shall become a",
"title": "Book of Numbers"
},
{
"id": "13623742",
"text": "biblical subject-matter. Moses is treated as a general, and military imagery pervades the poem. The destruction of the Egyptians in the Red Sea is narrated in much the same way as a formulaic battle scene from other Old English poems, including a 'Beast of Battle' motif very common in the poetry. According to Malcolm Godden, the allusion to battle within the poem is a way to illustrate that God defends his chosen people. The main story is suspended at one point to tell the stories of Noah and Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac. Some scholars consider this change of subject a",
"title": "Exodus (poem)"
},
{
"id": "17308859",
"text": "distraught and stunned over the destruction of his army and empire, and with no way to return to Egypt. Moses leads the Hebrews back to Midian, where he reunites with Zipporah and Gershom. At Mount Sinai, Moses transcribes the Ten Commandments. Years later, an elderly Moses riding with the Ark of the Covenant sees God's manifestation walking with the Hebrews through the desert. In June 2012, Ridley Scott announced that he was developing an adaptation of the Book of Exodus, tentatively titled \"Moses\". On March 27, 2014, the studio changed the title of the film from \"Exodus\" to \"Exodus: Gods",
"title": "Exodus: Gods and Kings"
},
{
"id": "774561",
"text": "the Book of Exodus was considered to impart the \"Spirit of the Lord\". It was performed by Samuel in place of a coronation of either Saul or David. The practice was not always observed and seems to have been essential only at the consecration of a new line or dynasty. Because of its importance, the High Priest and the king were sometimes called \"the Anointed One\". The term—, \"Mashiaẖ\"—gave rise to the prophesied figure of the Messiah (\"q.v.\") and a long history of claimants. The expression \"anoint the shield\" which occurs in Isaiah is a related or poetic usage, referring",
"title": "Anointing"
},
{
"id": "5883197",
"text": "a vision of Kehath \"on high in the midst of all the congregation\"; in the vision, Kehath's name is given as meaning \"the beginning of majesty and instruction\" and prophesies his being raised above his siblings. In the \"Book of Exodus\", Kehath has four sons, Amram, Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel. Amram marries Jochebed and sires Moses, Aaron, and Miriam. Although some Greek and Latin manuscripts of the Septuagint version of the Torah state that Jochebed was Kehath's cousin, the Hebrew Masoretic Text states that she was his sister ---that is, Amram's aunt---and Jochebed's relationship to Levi is otherwise described unambiguously",
"title": "Kehath"
},
{
"id": "5028277",
"text": "were Canaanite rulers of the Egyptian Delta in the 16th century BCE, may have formed the basis of the descent into Egypt and the exodus. The meaning a reader takes away from a text depends on his or her understanding of the literary \"type\" to which it belongs: as one scholar puts it in his discussion of the Genesis creation myth, \"it makes an enormous difference whether the first chapters of Genesis are read as scientific cosmology, creation myth, or historical saga\" (Wood, 1990). There is an almost universal consensus among scholars that the Exodus story is best understood as",
"title": "The Exodus"
},
{
"id": "6749200",
"text": "Beshalach Beshalach, Beshallach, or Beshalah ( — Hebrew for \"when [he] let go,\" the second word and first distinctive word in the parashah) is the sixteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the fourth in the Book of Exodus. It constitutes In this parashah, Pharaoh changes his mind and sends his army after the Jewish people, trapping them at the Sea of Reeds. God commands Moses to split the sea, allowing them to pass, then closes the sea back upon the Egyptian army. There are the miracles of manna and clean water.",
"title": "Beshalach"
},
{
"id": "13661977",
"text": "Thou shalt not covet \"Thou shalt not covet\" is the most common translation of one (or two, depending on the numbering tradition) of the Ten Commandments or Decalogue, which are widely understood as moral imperatives by legal scholars, Jewish scholars, Catholic scholars, and Protestant scholars. The Book of Exodus and the Book of Deuteronomy both describe the Ten Commandments as having been spoken by God, inscribed on two stone tablets by the finger of God, and, after Moses broke the original tablets, rewritten by God on replacements. In traditions that consider the passage a single commandment, the full text reads:",
"title": "Thou shalt not covet"
},
{
"id": "6232556",
"text": "Covenant Code The Covenant Code, or Book of the Covenant, is the name given by academics to a text appearing in the Torah, at Exodus -; or, more strictly, the term Covenant Code may be applied to Exodus 21:1-22:16. Biblically, the text is the second of the law codes given to Moses by God at Mount Sinai. This legal text provides a small but substantive proportion of the mitzvot within the Torah, and hence is a source of Jewish Law. The date that the Covenant Code was composed, and the details of how it found its way into the Bible,",
"title": "Covenant Code"
},
{
"id": "17308857",
"text": "to Egypt and its people, but Ramesses does not back down, even oppressing his people further to maintain his position. Moses is horrified to learn from God that the tenth plague will be the death of all firstborn children but follows through with the plan. The Hebrews protect themselves by covering their doors with lambs' blood as instructed by Moses, while all of Egypt's firstborn children die, including Ramesses' infant son. Ramesses, devastated, surrenders, allowing the Hebrews to leave. During the exodus from Egypt, the Hebrews follow Moses' original path through the desert towards the Red Sea. Still grieving for",
"title": "Exodus: Gods and Kings"
},
{
"id": "262129",
"text": "face\" (Deuteronomy 34:10). The New Testament states that after Moses' death, Michael the Archangel and the Devil disputed over his body (Epistle of Jude 1:9). Moses is honoured among Jews today as the \"lawgiver of Israel\", and he delivers several sets of laws in the course of the four books. The first is the Covenant Code (Exodus –), the terms of the covenant which God offers to the Israelites at biblical Mount Sinai. Embedded in the covenant are the Decalogue (the Ten Commandments, Exodus 20:1–17) and the Book of the Covenant (Exodus 20:22–23:19). The entire Book of Leviticus constitutes a",
"title": "Moses"
},
{
"id": "6501441",
"text": "Mishpatim Mishpatim ( — Hebrew for \"laws,\" the second word of the parashah) is the eighteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the sixth in the Book of Exodus. The parashah sets out a series of laws, which some scholars call the Covenant Code, and reports the people's acceptance of the covenant with God. The parashah constitutes The parashah is made up of 5,313 Hebrew letters, 1,462 Hebrew words, and 118 verses, and can occupy about 185 lines in a Torah scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\"). Jews read it the eighteenth Sabbath after",
"title": "Mishpatim"
},
{
"id": "10678903",
"text": "land after Abraham; and, while promises are made to Ishmael about founding a great nation, Isaac, Abraham's son by his half-sister Sarah, inherits God's promises to Abraham. Jacob is the son of Isaac and Rebecca and regarded as a Patriarch of the Israelites as his twelve sons became the progenitors of the \"Tribes of Israel\". The story of the exodus is told in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. The Israelites had settled in the Land of Goshen in the time of Joseph and Jacob, but a new pharaoh arose who enslaved and oppressed the children of Israel.",
"title": "Jewish mythology"
},
{
"id": "14233348",
"text": "has shaped Jewish identity and religious practice in many ways, and is thus a major element of Jewish history. The patriarch Abraham is described as a migrant to the land of Canaan from Ur of the Chaldees after an attempt on his life by King Nimrod. His descendants, the Children of Israel, in the Biblical story (whose historicity is uncertain) undertook the Exodus (meaning \"departure\" or \"exit\" in Greek) from ancient Egypt, as recorded in the Book of Exodus. Centuries later, Assyrian policy was to deport and displace conquered peoples, and it is estimated some 4,500,000 among captive populations suffered",
"title": "Jews"
},
{
"id": "11102376",
"text": "during the New Kingdom period later historically. This distinction is not found in the Bible. In the Bible, the narratives of Moses are in Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. The narratives here are mostly in Exodus 1–14 and 32. In the Quran, the Moses narratives are in the following passages: 2.49–61, 7.103–160, 10.75–93, 17.101–104, 20.9–97, 26.10–66, 27.7–14, 28.3–46, 40.23–30, 43.46–55, 44.17–31, and 79.15–25. Pharaoh slew the young male children of the Israelites (II:46), and to avoid this fate, Moses' mother cast Moses as an infant into a small ark, where God protected him. Moses was found by the household of",
"title": "Biblical and Quranic narratives"
},
{
"id": "13623749",
"text": "represented baptism, the Egyptians represented sins, and the pillar of cloud represented Christ. There are similar metaphors and lines in other Old English literature, which shows that Exodus was influential to the Anglo-Saxons. The poem centers largely around the concept of water and the sea, and consequently contains many synonyms and metaphors for those concepts. Similar themes of a sea-voyage also occur in \"The Seafarer\", \"Christ II\", and \"The Wanderer\". One particular line from \"Exodus\" also appears in \"The Seafarer\": “atol yða gewealc” – “the horrible rolling waves”. Exodus (poem) Exodus is the title given to an Old English alliterative",
"title": "Exodus (poem)"
},
{
"id": "126607",
"text": "plans of the Tabernacle demonstrates the importance it played in the perception of Second Temple Judaism at the time of the text's redaction by the Priestly writers: the Tabernacle is the place where God is physically present, where, through the priesthood, Israel could be in direct, literal communion with him. The heart of Exodus is the Sinaitic covenant. A covenant is a legal document binding two parties to take on certain obligations towards each other. There are several covenants in the Bible, and in each case they exhibit at least some of the elements found in real-life treaties of the",
"title": "Book of Exodus"
},
{
"id": "13623748",
"text": "argues that like Moses, Noah also represents a type of Christ-like figure. Similarly, Isaac may represent a Christ-like figure, since he was a son who was to be sacrificed as well. The poem hinges on the emphasis that “faith is the key to salvation”. The faithful Israelites made it across the Red Sea, while the faithless Egyptians perished in the water. J.E. Cross describes how Aelfric, an Anglo-Saxon abbot, once gave a sermon over Exodus, in which he too describes the poem as being allegorical. Aelfric believed that Egypt represented the world, the Pharaoh represented the Devil, the Red Sea",
"title": "Exodus (poem)"
},
{
"id": "19793229",
"text": "symbolic meaning of Egyptian in the Bible is synonymous with this material wealth which sometimes turns us into slaves. It is fair to translate: \"The Lord has thrown into the sea Pharaoh's chariots and his army\" with \"The Lord has delivered us from the slavery of our materialism,\" or, as it says in the Gospel bearing witness to Christ, \"God frees us from sin and death.\" (see Luke 4:19, John 8:32, Rom 8: 2)... Each of us has a dimension of violence, everyone is a little slave to his material concerns, whether we are rich or poor. There is thus",
"title": "Christian Interpretations of the Exodus"
},
{
"id": "5028269",
"text": "in the late 7th century BCE when various oral and written elements were drawn together into works which were the fore-runners of the Torah we know today. The first trace appears in the northern prophets Amos (possibly) and Hosea (certainly), both active in the 8th century BCE in northern Israel, but their southern contemporaries Isaiah and Micah show no knowledge of an exodus. The story may, therefore, have originated a few centuries earlier, perhaps the 9th or 10th BCE, and there are signs that it took different forms in Israel, in the Transjordan region, and in the southern Kingdom of",
"title": "The Exodus"
},
{
"id": "3290555",
"text": "newly established state. He therefore sent Leon Uris to Israel to write a novel, which became the bestseller \"Exodus\"... \"Exodus\" introduced filmgoers to the Arab–Israel conflict, and peopled it with heroic Israelis and sleazy, brutal Arabs, some of whom link up with ex-Nazis. The movie's only \"good Arab\" becomes a dead Arab.\" Shaheen did not identity the person or collection of persons who sought Gottlieb's assistance. The book became an international bestseller upon its release in 1958, and the biggest bestseller in the United States since \"Gone with the Wind\" in 1936. It remained number one on the \"New York",
"title": "Exodus (Uris novel)"
},
{
"id": "13004561",
"text": "text against covetousness as a single proscription, but differs from Christian denominations in that it considers what many Christians call a prologue to be the entire first commandment. The Ten Commandments are recognized as a moral foundation by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. They first appear in the Book of Exodus, according to which Moses, acting under the orders of God, freed the Israelites from physical slavery in Egypt. According to Church teaching, God offered a covenant—which included the Ten Commandments—to also free them from the \"spiritual slavery\" of sin. Some historians have described this as \"the central event in the",
"title": "Ten Commandments in Catholic theology"
},
{
"id": "41161",
"text": "return of the exiled people Israel from Babylon to Jerusalem. The author imagines a ritualistic return to Zion (Judah) led by Yahweh. The importance of this theme is indicated by its placement at the beginning and end of Second Isaiah (40:3–5, 55:12–13). This new Exodus is repeatedly linked with Israel's Exodus from Egypt to Canaan under divine guidance, but with new elements. These links include the following: Isaiah was one of the most popular works in the period between the foundation of the Second Temple c. 515 BCE and its destruction by the Romans in 70 CE. Isaiah's \"shoot [which]",
"title": "Book of Isaiah"
},
{
"id": "107700",
"text": "Book of Deuteronomy The Book of Deuteronomy (literally \"second law,\" from Greek \"deuteros\" + \"nomos\") is the fifth book of the Christian Old Testament and of the Jewish Torah, where it is called \"Devarim\" (Heb. ספר דברים). Chapters 1–30 of the book consist of three sermons or speeches delivered to the Israelites by Moses on the plains of Moab, shortly before they enter the Promised Land. The first sermon recounts the forty years of wilderness wanderings which had led to that moment, and ends with an exhortation to observe the law (or teachings), later referred to as the Law of",
"title": "Book of Deuteronomy"
},
{
"id": "3290540",
"text": "in \"Exodus\" inspired its characters to seek their meaning and identity in relation to their social settings. Those settings were composed of their previous personal experiences, which were then grounded in both religion and geography. According to William Darby, \"The leading characters in \"Exodus\" only find romantic happiness when they understand that they must conjoin nationalistic, religious and personal aims.\" Years after the success of the book, Uris explains why he thinks it received such an enthusiastic reception: Ari Ben Canaan, a sabra born and raised on a kibbutz, goes on to become one of the mainstays of the Israeli",
"title": "Exodus (Uris novel)"
},
{
"id": "262115",
"text": "Faith, and a number of other Abrahamic religions. According to the Book of Exodus, Moses was born in a time when his people, the Israelites, an enslaved minority, were increasing in numbers and the Egyptian Pharaoh was worried that they might ally themselves with Egypt's enemies. Moses' Hebrew mother, Jochebed, secretly hid him when the Pharaoh ordered all newborn Hebrew boys to be killed in order to reduce the population of the Israelites. Through the Pharaoh's daughter (identified as Queen Bithia in the Midrash), the child was adopted as a foundling from the Nile river and grew up with the",
"title": "Moses"
},
{
"id": "13662002",
"text": "our hearts under the government of it. Thou shalt not covet \"Thou shalt not covet\" is the most common translation of one (or two, depending on the numbering tradition) of the Ten Commandments or Decalogue, which are widely understood as moral imperatives by legal scholars, Jewish scholars, Catholic scholars, and Protestant scholars. The Book of Exodus and the Book of Deuteronomy both describe the Ten Commandments as having been spoken by God, inscribed on two stone tablets by the finger of God, and, after Moses broke the original tablets, rewritten by God on replacements. In traditions that consider the passage",
"title": "Thou shalt not covet"
},
{
"id": "6749309",
"text": "in these sources: | width=\"25%\" align=\"top\" style=\"border:0\"| | width=\"25%\" align=\"top\" style=\"border:0\"| | width=\"25%\" align=\"top\" style=\"border:0\"| Beshalach Beshalach, Beshallach, or Beshalah ( — Hebrew for \"when [he] let go,\" the second word and first distinctive word in the parashah) is the sixteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the fourth in the Book of Exodus. It constitutes In this parashah, Pharaoh changes his mind and sends his army after the Jewish people, trapping them at the Sea of Reeds. God commands Moses to split the sea, allowing them to pass, then closes the",
"title": "Beshalach"
},
{
"id": "388839",
"text": "HaSukkot\", translated to \"Festival of Booths\". This corresponds to the double significance of Sukkot. The one mentioned in the Book of Exodus is agricultural in nature—\"Feast of Ingathering at the year's end\" ()—and marks the end of the harvest time and thus of the agricultural year in the Land of Israel. The more elaborate religious significance from the Book of Leviticus is that of commemorating the Exodus and the dependence of the People of Israel on the will of God (). The holiday lasts seven days in Israel and eight in the diaspora. The first day (and second day in",
"title": "Sukkot"
},
{
"id": "463952",
"text": "century, then through the 8th to 6th centuries with prophetic condemnation of Baal, the \"asherim\", sun-worship, worship on the \"high places\", practices pertaining to the dead, and other matters. In the earliest literature such as the Song of the Sea (Exodus 15:1–18, celebrating Yahweh's victory over Egypt at the exodus), Yahweh is a warrior for his people, a storm-god typical of ancient Near Eastern myths, marching out from a region to the south or south-east of Israel with the heavenly host of stars and planets that make up his army. Israel's battles are Yahweh's battles, Israel's victories are his victories,",
"title": "Yahweh"
},
{
"id": "223794",
"text": "mysticism for meditation purposes is derived from the Hebrew verbal utterance Moses spoke in the presence of an angel, while the Sea of Reeds parted, allowing the Hebrews to escape their approaching attackers. The miracle of the Exodus, which led to Moses receiving the Ten Commandments and the Jewish Orthodox view of the acceptance of the Torah at Mount Sinai, preceded the creation of the first Jewish nation approximately three hundred years before King Saul. In early Rabbinic Judaism (the early centuries of the 1st millennium CE), the terms \"Ma'aseh Bereshit\" (\"Works of Creation\") and \"Ma'aseh Merkabah\" (\"Works of the",
"title": "Kabbalah"
},
{
"id": "569261",
"text": "communities hold a seder also on the second night. The Seder is a ritual performed by a community or by multiple generations of a family, involving a retelling of the story of the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in ancient Egypt. This story is in the Book of Exodus (\"Shemot\") in The Hebrew Bible. The Seder itself is based on the Biblical verse commanding Jews to retell the story of the Exodus from Egypt: \"You shall tell your child on that day, saying, 'It is because of what the LORD did for me when I came out of Egypt.'\"",
"title": "Passover Seder"
},
{
"id": "6643548",
"text": "Va'eira Va'eira, Va'era, or Vaera ( — Hebrew for \"and I appeared\" the first word that God speaks in the \"parashah\", in ) is the fourteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Exodus. It constitutes . The parashah tells of the first seven Plagues of Egypt. It is made up of 6,701 Hebrew letters, 1,748 Hebrew words, 121 verses, and can occupy about 222 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\"). Jews read it the fourteenth Sabbath (, \"Shabbat\") after Simchat Torah, generally in January,",
"title": "Va'eira"
},
{
"id": "2672958",
"text": "Burning bush The burning bush is an object described by the Book of Exodus as being located on Mount Horeb. According to the narrative, the bush was on fire, but was not consumed by the flames, hence the name. In the biblical narrative, the burning bush is the location at which Moses was appointed by Yahweh (God) to lead the Israelites out of Egypt and into Canaan. The Hebrew word in the narrative that is translated into English as \"bush\" is \"seneh\" ( \"səneh\"), which refers in particular to brambles; \"seneh\" is a biblical dis legomenon, only appearing in two",
"title": "Burning bush"
},
{
"id": "782906",
"text": "Crossing the Red Sea The Crossing of the Red Sea (Hebrew: קריעת ים סוף \"Kriat Yam Suph\" – Crossing of the Red Sea or Sea of Reeds) is part of the biblical narrative of the Exodus, the escape of the Israelites, led by Moses, from the pursuing Egyptians in the Book of Exodus. This story is also mentioned in the Quran in Surah 26: Al-Shu'ara' (The Poets) in verses 60–67. According to the Exodus account, Moses held out his staff, and the Red Sea was parted by God. The Israelites walked on the exposed dry ground and crossed the sea,",
"title": "Crossing the Red Sea"
},
{
"id": "2427398",
"text": "prophethood and the Day of Judgment. It is regarded as containing teachings and laws for the Israelites which was taught and practiced by Moses and Aaron to them. Among the books of the complete Hebrew Bible, only the Torah, meaning the books of Genesis, Deuteronomy, Numbers, Leviticus and Exodus are considered to divinely revealed instead of the whole Tanakh or the Old Testament. The Quran mentions the Ten Commandments given to the Israelites through Moses which it claims contained guidance and understanding of all things. The Qur'an states that the Torah was the \"\"furqan\"\" meaning difference, a term which the",
"title": "Moses in Islam"
},
{
"id": "3290537",
"text": "Exodus (Uris novel) Exodus is a historical novel by American novelist Leon Uris about the founding of the State of Israel. Published in 1958, it begins with a compressed retelling of the voyages of the 1947 immigration ship \"Exodus\". Uris covered the Arab–Israeli fighting as a war correspondent in 1956; two years later, \"Exodus\" was published by Doubleday. \"Exodus\" became an international publishing phenomenon, the biggest bestseller in the United States since \"Gone with the Wind\" (1936). The book remained number one on The New York Times Best Seller list for eight months after its release, and initiated a new",
"title": "Exodus (Uris novel)"
},
{
"id": "5028278",
"text": "myth. More specifically, it can be understood as a \"charter\" (or foundation) myth, a myth told to explain a society's origins and to provide the ideological foundation for its culture and institutions. After a century of research by archaeologists and Egyptologists the consensus of modern scholars is that the Bible does not give an accurate account of the origins of Israel. There is no indication that the Israelites ever lived in Ancient Egypt, and the Sinai Peninsula shows almost no sign of any occupation for the entire 2nd millennium BCE (even Kadesh-Barnea, where the Israelites are said to have spent",
"title": "The Exodus"
},
{
"id": "5884064",
"text": "also stipulated the obligations imposed by the ruler on his vassals, which included a prohibition of relations with peoples outside the empire, or enmity between those within.\" (Exodus 20:3: \"You shall have no other gods before Me\"). Viewed as a treaty rather than a law code, its purpose is not so much to regulate human affairs as to define the scope of the king's power. Julius Morgenstern argued that Exodus 34 is distinct from the Jahwist document, identifying it with king Asa's reforms in 899 BCE. Bright, however, believes that like the Decalogue this text has its origins in the",
"title": "Ten Commandments"
},
{
"id": "2217315",
"text": "Jochebed According to the Torah, Jochebed was a daughter of Levi and mother of Aaron, Miriam and Moses. She was the wife of Amram, as well as his aunt. No details are given concerning her life. According to Jewish legend, Jochebed is buried in the Tomb of the Matriarchs, in Tiberias. She is praised for her faith in the Epistle to the Hebrews. The story of Jochebed is thought to be described in the Book of Exodus (2:1–10) - although she is not explicitly named here. (Her name is first mentioned in Exodus 6:20.) She lived in Egypt, where the",
"title": "Jochebed"
},
{
"id": "2943148",
"text": "and, after the return from the captivity, by Ezra. By the time of the Second Temple it was firmly established in Israel. The plagues as they appear in the 1984 New International Version of the Book of Exodus are: The Hebrew noun כִּנִּים (\"kinim\") could be translated as lice, gnats, or fleas. The fourth plague of Egypt was of creatures capable of harming people and livestock. The Torah emphasizes that the \"‘arob\" (עָרוֹב, meaning \"mixture\" or \"swarm\") only came against the Egyptians, and that it did not affect the Land of Goshen (where the Israelites lived). Pharaoh asked Moses to",
"title": "Plagues of Egypt"
},
{
"id": "3285359",
"text": "of Judah. Another mention of the \"Book of the Law of Moses\" is found in Joshua 8:30-31 . The content of the Law is spread among the books of Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers, and then reiterated and added to in Deuteronomy (\"deutero-nomy\" is Latinised Greek for \"Second reading of the Law\"). This includes: The content of the instructions and its interpretations, the Oral Torah, was passed down orally, excerpted and codified in Rabbinical Judaism, and in the Talmud were numbered as the 613 commandments. The Law given to Moses at Sinai (Hebrew Halakhah le-Moshe mi-Sinai הלכה למשה מסיני) is a",
"title": "Law of Moses"
},
{
"id": "6643648",
"text": "wealth, and firmness — as a recurring theme in Exodus: Moses suffered from a heavy mouth in and heavy arms in Pharaoh had firmness of heart in 28; 34; and Pharaoh made Israel’s labor heavy in God in response sent heavy plagues in 18, 24; and so that God might be glorified over Pharaoh in 17, and 18; and the book culminates with the descent of God’s fiery Glory, described as a “heavy cloud,” first upon Sinai and later upon the Tabernacle in 22; and Plaut reported that scholars generally agree that the term “Hebrew” (, \"Ivri\"), as in and",
"title": "Va'eira"
},
{
"id": "15035635",
"text": "so fulfills the mitzvah of remembering the exodus from Egypt, which is not a time-bound commandment. Emet Veyatziv Emet Veyatziv (אמת ויציב, \"true and certain\") is a blessing recited by Jews during Shacharit, the daily morning prayer. It immediately follows the Shema and precedes the Amidah. It is a recognition of God's kingship and God as the One and only, and thankfulness to God for the exodus from Egypt, the slaying of the firstborn, the splitting of the sea, and the redemption of Israel from exile. The word \"Emet\" (\"truth\") is repeated several times in entire blessing, as the first",
"title": "Emet Veyatziv"
},
{
"id": "7729334",
"text": "With a strong hand and an outstretched arm With a strong hand and an outstretched arm is a phrase in the Bible to describe God's use of his power on behalf of Israel, particularly during the Exodus. The phrase is used many times in the Bible to describe God's powerful deeds during the Exodus: Exodus 6:6, Deuteronomy 4:34 5:14 7:19 9:29 11:2 26:8, Psalms 132:12. The phrase is also used to describe other past or future mighty deeds of God, in the following sources: II Kings 17:36, Jeremiah 21:5 27:5 32:17, Ezekiel 20:33 20:34, II Chronicles 6:32. A shortened version",
"title": "With a strong hand and an outstretched arm"
},
{
"id": "19793228",
"text": "When an Egyptian is swallowed up in the Red Sea with his horse or when a Philistine was slain by Samson, when humanity is engulfed by the flood waters ... it is horrible if we take it literally because the loss of one man's is a scandal, particularly in the eyes of the Creator of life. How do we read these texts in the light of the Gospel?... In the symbolic meaning, the Philistine is synonymous with savagery and rejection of God. We must therefore translate \"massacre Philistines\" as \"removing a bit of trouble, hatred and violence\" in ourselves. The",
"title": "Christian Interpretations of the Exodus"
},
{
"id": "6602561",
"text": "Shemot (parsha) Shemot, Shemoth, or Shemos ( — Hebrew for \"names,\" the second word, and first distinctive word, of the parashah) is the thirteenth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the first in the Book of Exodus. The parashah constitutes The parashah tells of the Israelites' affliction in Egypt, the hiding and rescuing of the infant Moses, Moses in Midian, the calling of Moses, circumcision on the way, meeting the elders, and Moses before Pharaoh. It is made up of 6,762 Hebrew letters, 1,763 Hebrew words, 124 verses, and can occupy about",
"title": "Shemot (parsha)"
},
{
"id": "6976494",
"text": "the head signified having been favored by or set apart for the deity. Israelites chiefly used olive oil for ointments, Babylonians also used sesame oil and animal fats, and Egyptians used almond oil and animal fats. Professor Everett Fox of Clark University noted that “glory” (, \"kevod\") and “stubbornness” (, \"kaved lev\") are leading words throughout the book of Exodus that give it a sense of unity. Similarly, Professor William Propp of the University of California, San Diego, identified the root \"kvd\" — connoting heaviness, glory, wealth, and firmness — as a recurring theme in Exodus: Moses suffered from a",
"title": "Tetzaveh"
},
{
"id": "2011561",
"text": "Miriam Miriam () is described in the Hebrew Bible as the daughter of Amram and Jochebed, and the sister of Moses and Aaron. She was a prophetess and first appears in the Book of Exodus. The Torah refers to her as \"Miriam the Prophetess\" and the Talmud names her as one of the seven major female prophets of Israel. Scripture describes her alongside of Moses and Aaron as delivering the Jews from exile in Egypt: \"For I brought you up out of the land of Egypt and redeemed you from the house of slavery, and I sent before you Moses,",
"title": "Miriam"
},
{
"id": "7556729",
"text": "her husband had died before they could have children. When Moses leads the Hebrews out of Egypt, she joins the Exodus. In the film, Bithiah is shown as a compassionate and heroic woman, who deeply loved Moses as a mother and wanted him to inherit the throne so he could do good. When Moses is found out to be a Hebrew, the heartbroken Seti, with urging from Rameses, orders her not to see him again. During the first Passover, when the Destroyer is killing the firstborn of Egypt, she is freed from a fairly luxurious form of house arrest, and",
"title": "Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus)"
},
{
"id": "6815251",
"text": "Exodus, and it describes how the Orc figure and the Urizen figure struggle for dominance over the Israelites. The Orc figure is connected to the pillar of fire that is seen at night and Urizen is the pillar of cloud during the day that, in Blake, confuses them. However, Urizen is able to finally defeat Orc when the Israelites accept the ten commandments. This leads to a death of the Israeli culture symbolised by the serpent on Moses's pole, which is also symbol of Orc's death. This is finalised with the Israelites returning from their revolution against Egypt to a",
"title": "The Book of Ahania"
},
{
"id": "2943146",
"text": "exclusive covenant with the Israelites on the basis of this miraculous deliverance. The Ten Commandments encapsulate the terms of this covenant. Joshua, the successor to Moses, reminds the people of their deliverance through the plagues. According to 1 Samuel, the Philistines also knew of the plagues and feared their author. Later, the psalmist sang of these events. The Torah also relates God's instructions to Moses that the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt must be celebrated yearly on the holiday of Passover (\"Pesaḥ\" פסח); the rituals observed on Passover recall the events surrounding the exodus from Egypt. The month of",
"title": "Plagues of Egypt"
},
{
"id": "2870035",
"text": "always come to the aid of the righteous, from Adam to the Exodus. The final section takes up the theme of the rescue of the righteous, taking the Exodus as its focus: \"You (God) have not neglected to help (your people the Jews) at all times and in all places.\" (Wisdom of Solomon, 19:22). Book of Wisdom The Wisdom of Solomon or Book of Wisdom is a Jewish work, written in Greek, composed in Alexandria (Egypt). Generally dated to the 2nd century BC, the central theme of the work is \"Wisdom\" itself, appearing under two principal aspects. In its relation",
"title": "Book of Wisdom"
},
{
"id": "6353559",
"text": "Zipporah at the inn Zipporah at the inn is the name given to an episode alluded to in three verses of the Book of Exodus. This much-debated passage is one of the more perplexing conundrums of the Pentateuch. The verses in question are Exodus 4:24–26, the context is Moses, his wife Zipporah and their sons reaching an inn on their way from Midian to Egypt to announce the plagues to the Pharaoh: Leningrad Codex text: Translation: New Revised Standard Version translation: The standard interpretation of the passage is that God wanted to kill Moses for neglecting the rite of circumcision",
"title": "Zipporah at the inn"
},
{
"id": "411155",
"text": "of Israel. It also talks about the first violation of the covenant when the golden calf was constructed (Exodus 32–34). Exodus includes the instructions on building the Tabernacle and concludes with its actual construction (Exodus 25–31; 35–40). \"Leviticus\" begins with instructions to the Israelites on how to use the Tabernacle, which they had just built (Leviticus 1–10). This is followed by rules of clean and unclean (Leviticus 11–15), which includes the laws of slaughter and animals permissible to eat (see also: Kashrut), the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16), and various moral and ritual laws sometimes called the Holiness Code (Leviticus",
"title": "Torah"
},
{
"id": "107715",
"text": "Kings).\" Dillard and Longman in their \"Introduction to the Old Testament\" stress the living nature of the covenant between Yahweh and Israel as a nation: The people of Israel are addressed by Moses as a unity, and their allegiance to the covenant is not one of obeisance, but comes out of a pre-existing relationship between God and Israel, established with Abraham and attested to by the Exodus event, so that the laws of Deuteronomy set the nation of Israel apart, signaling the unique status of the Jewish nation. The land is God's gift to Israel, and many of the laws,",
"title": "Book of Deuteronomy"
},
{
"id": "11501648",
"text": "creation and rulership of the world in general and Israel in particular: After the Second Temple was rebuilt (349 BCE), Nehemiah was one of the 120 members of the Men of the Great Assembly, a council which functioned over several generations and rejuvenated the Jewish Nation. They prayed successfully against Idolatry, composed the standard Jewish prayers and brought about the dramatic flowering of the Oral law, the primary repository of divine wisdom (see: Tanakh). Yam Suph The phrase Yam Suph () in the narrative of the Exodus refers to the body of water which the Israelites crossed following their exodus",
"title": "Yam Suph"
},
{
"id": "7132435",
"text": "a future expectation. Professor Everett Fox of Clark University noted that “glory” (, \"kevod\") and “stubbornness” (, \"kaved lev\") are leading words throughout the book of Exodus that give it a sense of unity. Similarly, Professor William Propp of the University of California, San Diego, identified the root \"kvd\" — connoting heaviness, glory, wealth, and firmness — as a recurring theme in Exodus: Moses suffered from a heavy mouth in and heavy arms in Pharaoh had firmness of heart in 28; 34; and Pharaoh made Israel's labor heavy in God in response sent heavy plagues in 18, 24; and so",
"title": "Ki Tissa"
},
{
"id": "3290551",
"text": "3 inches tall, red-haired, and blue-eyed and the father of Ari Ben-Canaan. He was born in the Russian Pale of Settlement. After their father was murdered in a pogrom, he and his brother Yakov walked overland to Palestine, where they settled. There, he met and married his wife Sarah, and his son Ari and daughter Jordana were born. He became a kibbutz pioneer and eventually head of the Jewish Agency. After his brother Yakov/Akiva joins the Maccabees, he cuts off all contact with Akiva. Near the end of the novel, Barak dies of cancer and was buried next to Akiva.",
"title": "Exodus (Uris novel)"
},
{
"id": "17308854",
"text": "sent by his sister Miriam to be raised by Pharaoh's daughter. Moses is stunned at the revelation and leaves angrily. However, two Hebrews overhear Nun's story and report their discovery to Hegep. Seti dies soon after, and Ramesses becomes the new Pharaoh (Ramesses II). Hegep reveals Moses' true lineage to Ramesses, but Ramesses is unconvinced. At the urging of Queen Tuya, he interrogates the servant Miriam, who denies being Moses' sister. When Ramesses threatens to cut off her arm, Moses says \"yes\", he is a Hebrew. Although Tuya wants Moses killed, Ramesses, still unwilling to believe the story, exiles him",
"title": "Exodus: Gods and Kings"
},
{
"id": "162841",
"text": "future of greatness. Genesis ends with Israel in Egypt, ready for the coming of Moses and the Exodus. The narrative is punctuated by a series of covenants with God, successively narrowing in scope from all mankind (the covenant with Noah) to a special relationship with one people alone (Abraham and his descendants through Isaac and Jacob). In Judaism, the theological importance of Genesis centers on the covenants linking God to his chosen people and the people to the Promised Land. Christianity has interpreted Genesis as the prefiguration of certain cardinal Christian beliefs, primarily the need for salvation (the hope or",
"title": "Book of Genesis"
},
{
"id": "6232563",
"text": "and orphans (Exodus 22:21–22). Covenant Code The Covenant Code, or Book of the Covenant, is the name given by academics to a text appearing in the Torah, at Exodus -; or, more strictly, the term Covenant Code may be applied to Exodus 21:1-22:16. Biblically, the text is the second of the law codes given to Moses by God at Mount Sinai. This legal text provides a small but substantive proportion of the mitzvot within the Torah, and hence is a source of Jewish Law. The date that the Covenant Code was composed, and the details of how it found its",
"title": "Covenant Code"
}
] | what is the meaning of the book of exodus |
|
| [
{
"id": "20069664",
"text": "NIH grant In the United States, the The National Institutes of Health (NIH) are the primary government agency responsible for biomedical and public health research. They award HIH grants through 24 grant-awarding institutes and centers. The NIH supports $31 billion in research annually, given to more than 300,000 researchers at more than 2,500 institutions for research into a variety of conditions. Each institute of the NIH has separate appropriations from Congress determined on an annual basis. Percentages of grant applications funded vary by institute, from 8% (National Institute of Nursing Research) to 29.6% (National Institute of General Medical Sciences), with",
"title": "NIH grant"
},
{
"id": "20016140",
"text": "Biomedical research in the United States The US carries out 46% of global research and development (R&D) in life sciences, making it the world leader. Life sciences accounted for 51% of federal research expenditure in 2011. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) are considered the government's flagship biomedical research funding organization. Between 2004 and 2014, NIH funding remained relatively flat and was not increased to keep pace with inflation. The NIH budget peaked at circa $35 billion per year from 2003 to 2005 and was around $30 billion in 2015. Government efforts to increase allocations to research between 2013 and",
"title": "Biomedical research in the United States"
},
{
"id": "20069669",
"text": "for new grant applications are February, June, and October 5, and for renewal, resubmission, and revision grant applications are March, July, and November 5. AIDs-related grants have separate due dates. All grant-awarding institutes and centers award R01s. Applications for R01s are complex and are typically over 100 pages by submission. In financial year 2016, the NIH received 26,187 applications for new R01 grants. 17.3% were funded, for a total of $2.2 billion. The average annual budget was $460,000. Other research grant programs include: NIH grant In the United States, the The National Institutes of Health (NIH) are the primary government",
"title": "NIH grant"
},
{
"id": "5561797",
"text": "11 billion to 27 billion Despite the jump in federal spending, advancements measured by citations to publications and the number of drugs passed by the FDA remained stagnant over the same time span. Financial projections indicate federal spending will remain constant in the near future. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the agency that is responsible for management of the lion's share of federal funding of biomedical research. It funds over 280 areas directly related to health. Over the past century there were two notable periods of NIH support. From 1995 to 1996 funding increased from $8.877 billion to",
"title": "Medical research"
},
{
"id": "14208056",
"text": "National Institute for Health Research The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) is the largest national clinical research funder in Europe with a budget of over £1 billion (approximately USD 1.3 billion) in 2015-16. The NIHR was established in April 2006 as part of the UK government’s health research strategy 'Best Research for Best Health' and is funded by the Department of Health and Social Care. It has five objectives: A 2016 assessment by the independent RAND Corporation think tank found that the NIHR had \"transformed Research & Development in and for the NHS and the patients it serves.\" The",
"title": "National Institute for Health Research"
},
{
"id": "5561795",
"text": "the National Science Foundation (NSF) show that federal agencies provided only 44% of the $86 billion spent on basic research in 2015. The National Institutes of Health and pharmaceutical companies collectively contribute $26.4 billion and $27 billion, which constitute 28% and 29% of the total, respectively. Other significant contributors include biotechnology companies ($17.9 billion, 19% of total), medical device companies ($9.2 billion, 10% of total), other federal sources, and state and local governments. Foundations and charities, led by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, contributed about 3% of the funding. These funders are attempting to maximize their return on investment",
"title": "Medical research"
},
{
"id": "566533",
"text": "In FY 2016, the total number of grant applications received by the NIH was 54,220, with approximately 19% being awarded funding. Institutes have varying funding rates. The National Cancer Institute awarded funding to 12% of applicants, while the National Institute for General Medical Science awarded funding to 30% of applicants. NIH employs five broad decision criteria in its funding policy. First, ensure the highest quality of scientific research by employing an arduous peer review process. Second, seize opportunities that have the greatest potential to yield new knowledge and that will lead to better prevention and treatment of disease. Third, maintain",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "20069668",
"text": "up of volunteer subject matter experts, generally professors in the relevant fields, and by a National Advisory Council made up of federal employees. Grants are scored from 1 to 9, with 1 being the highest score. Members of the committees are listed publicly. The most common research grant mechanism is the R01. It is the oldest funding mechanism of the NIH. R01s are generally awarded for 3–5 years, and are used to support a \"discrete, specified, circumscribed research project\". R01s can be renewed by competitive application. The application cycle has 3 sets of application dates each year. Standard due dates",
"title": "NIH grant"
},
{
"id": "20069665",
"text": "an overall average of 18%. Funding percentages have dropped from over 30% in the early 2000s, mainly due to an increase in applications, rather than a decrease in funds available. In 1998, 24,100 applications were received, and 7,500 were funded with a total of $1.9 billion. By 2005, the number of applications had grown to 43,000, of which 9,600 were funded with a total of $3.4 billion. In 2015, 52,000 applications were submitted and 9,500 were funded with $4.3 billion. Grants are assessed based on their significance, innovation, and approach. The major grant awards of the NIH are divided into",
"title": "NIH grant"
},
{
"id": "1624355",
"text": "focal point for biomedical research in the United States, and has played a key role in this achievement. As of 2000, for-profit industry funded 57%, non-profit private organizations such as the Howard Hughes Medical Institute funded 7%, and the tax-funded National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded 36% of medical research in the U.S. However, by 2003, the NIH funded only 28% of medical research funding; funding by private industry increased 102% from 1994 to 2003. The NIH consists of 24 separate institutes in Bethesda, Maryland. The goal of NIH research is knowledge that helps prevent, detect, diagnose, and treat disease",
"title": "Science and technology in the United States"
},
{
"id": "566530",
"text": "nearly 1 percent of the federal government's operating budget and controlled more than 50 percent of all funding for health research and 85 percent of all funding for health studies in universities. From 1993 to 2001 the NIH budget doubled. Since then, funding essentially remained flat, and during the decade following the financial crisis, the NIH budget struggled to keep up with inflation. In 1999 Congress increased the NIH's budget by $2.3 billion to $17.2 billion in 2000. In 2009 Congress again increased the NIH budget to $31 billion in 2010. In March 2017, President Trump proposed to cut the",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "5561808",
"text": "benchmark that marked the beginning of a near century substantial investment in biomedical research. The NIH provides more financial support for medical research that any other agency in the world to date and claims responsibility for numerous innovations that have improved global health. The historical funding of biomedical research has undergone many changes over the past century. Innovations such as the polio vaccine, antibiotics and antipsychotic agents, developed in the early years of the NIH lead to social and political support of the agency. Political initiatives in the early 1990s lead to a doubling of NIH funding, spurring an era",
"title": "Medical research"
},
{
"id": "566531",
"text": "2018 budget by 18.3%, or about $5.8 billion to $25.9 billion. Researchers at universities or other institutions outside of NIH can apply for research project grants (RPGs) from the NIH. There are numerous funding mechanisms for different project types (e.g., basic research, clinical research etc.) and career stages (e.g., early career, postdoc fellowships etc.). The NIH regularly issues \"requests for applications\" (RFAs), e.g., on timely medical problems (such as Zika virus research in early 2016). In addition, researchers can apply for \"investigator-initiated grants\" whose subject is determined by the scientist. The total number of applicants has increased substantially, from about",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "14208062",
"text": "research\". This strategy outlined the direction that NHS research and development should take in order ‘to improve the health and wealth of the nation through research’. At its core were five strategic goals through which it would transform the research landscape: National Institute for Health Research The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) is the largest national clinical research funder in Europe with a budget of over £1 billion (approximately USD 1.3 billion) in 2015-16. The NIHR was established in April 2006 as part of the UK government’s health research strategy 'Best Research for Best Health' and is funded by",
"title": "National Institute for Health Research"
},
{
"id": "5561815",
"text": "funded institutions received 20% of HIN medical research funding, and the top 50 institutions received 58% of NIH medical research funding, the percent of funding allocated to the largest institutions is a trend which has increased only slightly over data from 1994. Relative to federal and private funding, health policy and service research accounted for a nominal amount of sponsored research; health policy and service research was funded $1.8 billion in 2003, which increased to $2.2 billion in 2008. Stagnant rates of investment from the US government over the past decade, may be in part attributable to challenges that plague",
"title": "Medical research"
},
{
"id": "5561811",
"text": "4% of support. Federally funded biomedical research expenditures increased nominally, 0.7% (adjusted for inflation), from 2003 to 2007. Previous reports showed a stark contrast in federal investment, from 1994 to 2003, federal funding increased 100% (adjusted for inflation). The NIH manages the lions-share, over 85%, of federal biomedical research expenditures. NIH support for biomedical research decreased from $31.8 billion in 2003, to $29.0 billion in 2007, a 25% decline (in real terms adjusted for inflation), while non-NIH federal funding allowed for the maintenance of government financial support levels through the era (the 0.7% four-year increase). Spending from industry-initiated research increased",
"title": "Medical research"
},
{
"id": "566522",
"text": "under the SBIR/STTR program. The extramural funding consists of about 50,000 grants to more than 325,000 researchers at more than 3000 institutions. , NIH spent (not including temporary funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009) on clinical research, on genetics-related research, on prevention research, on cancer, and on biotechnology. In 2008 a Congressional mandate called for investigators funded by the NIH to submit an electronic version of their final manuscripts to the National Library of Medicine's research repository, PubMed Central (PMC), no later than 12 months after the official date of publication. The NIH Public Access Policy",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "566536",
"text": "who are not already enrolled in a clinical trial, except for the most critically ill, as determined by the NIH Director. One of the goals of the NIH is to \"expand the base in medical and associated sciences in order to ensure a continued high return on the public investment in research.\" Taxpayer dollars funding NIH are from the taxpayers, making them the primary beneficiaries of advances in research. Thus, the general public is a key stakeholder in the decisions resulting from the NIH funding policy. However, some in the general public do not feel their interests are being represented,",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "5561798",
"text": "$9.366 billion, years which represented the start of what is considered the \"doubling period\" of rapid NIH support. The second notable period started in 1997 and ended in 2010, a period where the NIH moved to organize research spending for engagement with the scientific community. Since 1980 the share of biomedical research funding from industry sources has grown from 32% to 62%, which has resulted in the development of numerous life-saving medical advances. The relationship between industry and government-funded research in the US has seen great movement over the years. The 1980 Bayh Dole Act was passed by Congress to",
"title": "Medical research"
},
{
"id": "19889878",
"text": "NIH MERIT award The NIH MERIT award (Method To Extend Research in Time) Award (R37) was created by the National Institutes of Health in 1986. It is a prestigious award designed to provide stable, long-term funding support to outstanding, experienced investigators whose productivity is distinctly superior and who are deemed highly likely to continue to perform their research activities in an outstanding manner. The MERIT award provided funding for 5 years and could be renewed for up to 10 years. Unlike most NIH grant awards, the MERIT award could not be applied for by the investigator. The OIA allows for",
"title": "NIH MERIT award"
},
{
"id": "17681598",
"text": "National Institutes of Health Common Fund The Common Fund is an initiative of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) aimed at supporting research collaboration between two or more NIH institutes and centers (ICs). The fund offers flexible support for cutting edge, multidisciplinary, multi-investigator and higher risk research. It is intended to streamline US biomedical research and make it more flexible in response to society's health needs. The high-impact programs it supports are known collectively as the \"NIH Roadmap for Medical Research\". It is coordinated by the Office of Strategic Coordination, one of the six offices of the Division of Program",
"title": "National Institutes of Health Common Fund"
},
{
"id": "18822584",
"text": "NIH Director's New Innovator Award National Institutes of Health Director's New Innovator Award is a research initiative first announced in 2007 designed to supports exceptionally creative, early-career investigators who propose innovative, high-impact projects. The focus is specifically on \"innovative\" research that has a potential to produce paradigm shifting results. The Award is for $300,000 (direct cost) per year for five years. The NIH Director's New Innovator Award has one of the lowest \"success rates\" of all NIH funding mechanism. In 2014 only the National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award had a lower \"success rate.\" During the evaluation process each",
"title": "NIH Director's New Innovator Award"
},
{
"id": "566512",
"text": "National Institutes of Health The National Institutes of Health (NIH) (; each letter separately) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in the late 1870s and is now part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The majority of NIH facilities are located in Bethesda, Maryland. The NIH conducts its own scientific research through its Intramural Research Program (IRP) and provides major biomedical research funding to non-NIH research facilities through its Extramural Research Program. , the IRP had 1,200 principal investigators and more than 4,000",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "566513",
"text": "postdoctoral fellows in basic, translational, and clinical research, being the largest biomedical research institution in the world, while, as of 2003, the extramural arm provided 28% of biomedical research funding spent annually in the U.S., or about US$26.4 billion. The NIH comprises 27 separate institutes and centers of different biomedical disciplines and is responsible for many scientific accomplishments, including the discovery of fluoride to prevent tooth decay, the use of lithium to manage bipolar disorder, and the creation of vaccines against hepatitis, \"Haemophilus influenzae\" (HIB), and human papillomavirus (HPV). NIH's roots extend back to the Marine Hospital Service in the",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "5561796",
"text": "in public health. One method proposed to maximize the return on investment in medicine is to fund the development of open source hardware for medical research and treatment. The enactment of orphan drug legislation in some countries has increased funding available to develop drugs meant to treat rare conditions, resulting in breakthroughs that previously were uneconomical to pursue. Since the establishment of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the mid-1940s, the main source of U.S. federal support of biomedical research, investment priorities and levels of funding have fluctuated. From 1995 to 2010, NIH support of biomedical research increased from",
"title": "Medical research"
},
{
"id": "19889879",
"text": "up to $600,000 in direct costs for 7 years. In 2014, NIH announced that it would be phasing out the MERIT award and replacing it with a similar Outstanding Investigator Award (R35). NIH MERIT award The NIH MERIT award (Method To Extend Research in Time) Award (R37) was created by the National Institutes of Health in 1986. It is a prestigious award designed to provide stable, long-term funding support to outstanding, experienced investigators whose productivity is distinctly superior and who are deemed highly likely to continue to perform their research activities in an outstanding manner. The MERIT award provided funding",
"title": "NIH MERIT award"
},
{
"id": "1377100",
"text": "National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is a United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National Institutes of Health. With an annual budget of about US$7.0 billion (fiscal year 2012), the NSF funds approximately 24% of all federally supported basic research conducted by the United States' colleges and universities. In some fields, such as mathematics, computer science, economics, and the social sciences, the NSF is the major source of federal backing. The NSF's director and deputy director are appointed by the",
"title": "National Science Foundation"
},
{
"id": "14208060",
"text": "allocated money for global health research for the direct benefit of patients and the public in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using the research funding management experience of the NIHR, the Department will be supporting global health research units and groups comprising universities and research institutions from across the whole of the UK working with LMIC research partners. Since its establishment, the NIHR has: In 2016, NIHR commissioned RAND Europe and the Policy Institute at King’s College London to collate and synthesise 100 examples of positive change arising from NIHR’s support of health and care research in its first 10",
"title": "National Institute for Health Research"
},
{
"id": "566521",
"text": "Infectious Diseases maintains its Rocky Mountain Labs in Hamilton, Montana, with an emphasis on BSL3 and BSL4 laboratory work. NIDKK operates the Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch in Phoenix, AZ. As of 2017, 153 scientists receiving financial support from the NIH have been awarded a Nobel Prize and 195 have been awarded a Lasker Award. NIH devotes 10% of its funding to research within its own facilities (intramural research). The institution gives 80% of its funding in research grants to extramural (outside) researchers. Of this extramural funding, a certain percentage (2.8% in 2014) must be granted to small businesses",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "566518",
"text": "the NIH and its research programs. By 1971 cancer research was in full force and President Nixon signed the National Cancer Act, initiating a National Cancer Program, President's Cancer Panel, National Cancer Advisory Board, and 15 new research, training, and demonstration centers. Funding for the NIH has often been a source of contention in Congress, serving as a proxy for the political currents of the time. In 1992, the NIH encompassed nearly 1 percent of the federal government's operating budget and controlled more than 50 percent of all funding for health research, and 85 percent of all funding for health",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "566528",
"text": "next fiscal year's allocations. The House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees deliberate and by fall, Congress usually appropriates funding. This process takes approximately 18 months before the NIH can allocate any actual funds. Over the last century, the responsibility to allocate funding has shifted from the OD and Advisory Committee to the individual ICs and Congress increasingly set apart funding for particular causes. In the 1970s, Congress began to earmark funds specifically for cancer research, and in the 1980s there was a significant amount allocated for AIDS/HIV research. Funding for the NIH has often been a source of contention in Congress,",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "1796224",
"text": "Harkin were responsible for pushing a large increase in the NIH budget as a whole. They doubled it in five years and subsequent years saw annual increases of 15 percent. The NINDS budget passed $1 billion for the first time in fiscal 2000; the bulk of the budget is dedicated to extramural research and investigator-initiated grants (intramural research accounts for about 10 percent of the total). The mission of the NINDS, as stated on their website, is \"to reduce the burden of neurological disease—a burden borne by every age group, every segment of society, and people all over the world\".",
"title": "National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"
},
{
"id": "1680114",
"text": "is one of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the principal medical research agency of the Federal Government. NIH is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. All NIH Institutes and Centers support basic research that is relevant to the diseases, organ systems, stages of life, or populations within their mission areas. In contrast, NIGMS supports fundamental research that does not focus on those specific areas. NIGMS' research mission is aimed at understanding the principles, mechanisms, and processes that underlie living organisms, often using research models. NIGMS also supports the development of fundamental methods and new",
"title": "National Institute of General Medical Sciences"
},
{
"id": "5561794",
"text": "setting, such as a hospital or research clinic, and requires ethical approval. Research funding in many countries derives from research bodies and private organizations which distribute money for equipment, salaries, and research expenses. In the United Kingdom, funding bodies such as the Medical Research Council derive their assets from UK tax payers, and distribute revenues to institutions by competitive research grants. The Wellcome Trust is the UK's largest non-governmental source of funds for biomedical research and provides over £600 million per year in grants to scientists and funds for research centres. In the United States, data from ongoing surveys by",
"title": "Medical research"
},
{
"id": "1680116",
"text": "common to multiple drugs and treatments; and trauma, burn injury, and wound healing. NIGMS is organized into the following divisions that support research, research training, and capacity building in a range of scientific fields. Division of Biophysics, Biomedical Technology, and Computational Biosciences Division of Genetics and Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Division of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biological Chemistry Division for Research Capacity Building Division of Training, Workforce Development, and Diversity NIGMS was established in 1962. In Fiscal Year 2017, the Institute's budget was $2.6 billion. The vast majority of this money funds grants to scientists at universities, medical schools, hospitals,",
"title": "National Institute of General Medical Sciences"
},
{
"id": "13733343",
"text": "the top twenty in 15 of the 16 medical specialties ranked by the US News ranking. Ten of those specialties were ranked in the top ten. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) are an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and are the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and health-related research. The NIH's research is divided into two parts: the Extramural Research Program is responsible for the funding of biomedical research outside the NIH, while the Intramural Research Program (IRP) is the internal research program of the NIH, known for",
"title": "Medical centers in the United States"
},
{
"id": "2825220",
"text": "role in this achievement. As of 2000, for-profit industry funded 57%, non-profit private organizations funded 7%, and the tax-funded National Institutes of Health funded 36% of medical research in the U.S. Funding by private industry increased 102% from 1994 to 2003. The National Institutes of Health consists of 24 separate institutes supporting the prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and disabilities. At any given time, grants from the NIH support the research of about 35,000 principal investigators, working in every US state and several foreign countries. Between 1971 and 1991, mortality from heart disease dropped 41 percent, strokes decreased",
"title": "Technological and industrial history of the United States"
},
{
"id": "566537",
"text": "and individuals have formed patient advocacy groups to represent their own interests. Important stakeholders of the NIH funding policy include researchers and scientists. Extramural researchers differ from intramural researchers in that they are not employed by the NIH but may apply for funding. Throughout the history of the NIH, the amount of funding received has increased, but the proportion to each IC remains relatively constant. The individual ICs then decide who will receive the grant money and how much will be allotted. Policy changes on who receives funding significantly affects researchers. For example, the NIH has recently attempted to approve",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "344632",
"text": "and Melinda Gates Foundation; and government research councils such as the National Institutes of Health in the USA and the Medical Research Council in the UK. These are managed primarily through universities and in some cases through military contractors. Many senior researchers (such as group leaders) spend a significant amount of their time applying for grants for research funds. These grants are necessary not only for researchers to carry out their research but also as a source of merit. The Social Psychology Network provides a comprehensive list of U.S. Government and private foundation funding sources. Research Research comprises \"creative and",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"id": "20016162",
"text": "United States remains unrivalled. Income from royalties and licensing amounted to $129.2 billion in 2013, the highest in the world. Japan comes a distant second, with receipts of $31.6 billion in 2013. The United States' payments for use of intellectual property amounted to $39.0 billion in 2013, exceeded only by Ireland ($46.4 billion). Health care in the United States Science policy in the United States Science and technology in the United States Biomedical research in the United States The US carries out 46% of global research and development (R&D) in life sciences, making it the world leader. Life sciences accounted",
"title": "Biomedical research in the United States"
},
{
"id": "1680117",
"text": "and other research institutions throughout the country. At any given time, NIGMS supports more than 3,000 investigators and 4,000 research grants—around 11 percent of the total number of research grants funded by NIH as a whole. Additionally, NIGMS supports approximately 26 percent of the NRSA trainees who receive assistance from NIH. NIGMS produces a number of free science education materials on topics such as cell biology, genetics, chemistry, pharmacology, structural biology, and computational biology. The Institute also produces the magazine \"Findings\", which showcases diverse scientists who do cutting-edge research and lead interesting lives. Among the advances that scientists have made",
"title": "National Institute of General Medical Sciences"
},
{
"id": "14208057",
"text": "NIHR’s commissioned research programmes offer a focused source of funding for researchers within the health system in England. Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland also participate in some of these programmes. The programmes aim to improve patient health and care by providing evidence to inform clinical, social care and public health professionals, NHS managers and where appropriate, policy makers. The goal is to ensure that researchers from all parts of England, and from all areas of healthcare, are able to access appropriate funding to undertake clinical and applied health and social care research, focused on priority areas and topics. NIHR have",
"title": "National Institute for Health Research"
},
{
"id": "16232716",
"text": "NIH Intramural Research Program The NIH Intramural Research Program (IRP) is the internal research program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), known for its synergistic approach to biomedical science. With 1,200 Principal Investigators and over 4,000 Postdoctoral Fellows conducting basic, translational, and clinical research, the NIH Intramural Research Program is the largest biomedical research institution on earth. The unique funding environment of the IRP facilitates opportunities to conduct both long-term and high-impact science that would otherwise be difficult to undertake. With rigorous external reviews ensuring that only the most outstanding research secures funding, the IRP is responsible for many",
"title": "NIH Intramural Research Program"
},
{
"id": "20069666",
"text": "Research Grants (R series), Career Development Awards (K series), Research Training and Fellowships (T & F series), Program Project/Center Grants (P series), and miscellaneous programs. There are various requirements for grants. Some grants are specified for \"new investigators\", which is defined as someone who has not received a prior NIH grant other than a career award or specific small grants (R15, R21, R56, etc.). An \"early stage investigator\" is someone who has received their PhD or MD or has finished residency within the past 10 years. From 2010 to 2016, NIH funded research that led to the development and approval",
"title": "NIH grant"
},
{
"id": "4371480",
"text": "their GDP on research while many Arabic countries spend less than 1% (e.g. Saudi Arabia 0.25%). The US spent $456.1 billion for research and development (R&D) in 2013, the most recent year for which such figures are available, according to the National Science Foundation. The private sector accounted for $322.5 billion, or 71%, of total national expenditures, with universities and colleges spending $64.7 billion, or 14%, in second place. Switzerland spent CHF 22 billion for R&D in 2015 with an increase of 10.5% compared with 2012 when the last survey was conducted. In relative terms, this represents 3.4% of the",
"title": "Funding of science"
},
{
"id": "20069667",
"text": "of 210 new drugs. 84 of these were \"first-in-class\" drugs, meaning they work through previously unknown mechanisms. About 90% of the research published from the funded grants related to the discovery and characterization of these pathways, rather than the development of the drug itself. A study on the value of public research funding found that 30% of NIH grants led to research being published that was cited in a patent application, and that for every $100 million funded by the NIH, 23 patents were submitted. NIH numbers the types of applications: Applications are reviewed by a Scientific Review Group made",
"title": "NIH grant"
},
{
"id": "3161559",
"text": "Development as the Chairman of the Council. The NIT Council is the highest decision making body in the NIT fraternity and is answerable only to the Government of India. The NIT Council is expected to meet regularly and take steps conducive for maximum growth of the NITs as whole in the near future. The NITs along with the IITs receive comparatively higher grants than other engineering colleges in India. Average NIT funding increased to 100 crores ($15.4 million) by year 2011. On average, each NIT also receives 20-25 crore ($3-3.8 million) under World Bank funded Technical Education Quality Improvement Program",
"title": "National Institutes of Technology"
},
{
"id": "9804990",
"text": "Only applications with very good impact scores are funded, based on budget cutoffs determined by each individual institute. US citizenship or permanent residency is required. The NIH awarded $77,000,000 in individual grants and over $600,000,000 in institutional training grants in fiscal year 2005 . NRSA awards are mostly given to students working on a Ph.D or an MD or other medical degree, or to individuals who have just earned one of these degrees and are beginning their careers. The NRSA program also provides institutions with training grants that can be used to fund one or more students. NRSA grants are",
"title": "National Research Service Award"
},
{
"id": "5561810",
"text": "from $75.5 billion in 2003 to $101.1 billion in 2007. Due to the immediacy of federal financing priorities and stagnant corporate spending during the recession, biomedical research spending decreased 2% in real terms in 2008. Despite an overall increase of investment in biomedical research, there has been stagnation, and in some areas a marked decline in the number of drug and device approvals over the same time period. Today, industry sponsored research accounts for 58% of expenditures, NIH for 27% of expenditures, state governments for 5% of expenditures, non NIH-federal sources for 5% of expenditures and not-for-profit entities accounted for",
"title": "Medical research"
},
{
"id": "566539",
"text": "awarding federal contracts to commercial partners, committing the federal government to tens of millions of dollars of expenditure ahead of appropriation of funds from Congress. The NIH is composed of 27 separate institutes and centers (ICs) that conduct and coordinate research across different disciplines of biomedical science. These are: In addition, the National Center for Research Resources operated from April 13, 1962 to December 23, 2011. National Institutes of Health The National Institutes of Health (NIH) (; each letter separately) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "4371476",
"text": "are carried out (or funded) by charitable foundations, especially in relation to developing cures for diseases such as cancer, malaria and AIDS. According to OECD, more than 60% of research and development in scientific and technical fields is carried out by industries, and 20% and 10% respectively by universities and government. Comparatively, in countries with less GDP, such as Portugal and Mexico the industry contribution is significantly lower. The US government spends more than other countries on military R&D, although the proportion has fallen from around 30% in the 1980s to under 20. Government funding for medical research amounts to",
"title": "Funding of science"
},
{
"id": "4371477",
"text": "approximately 36% in the U.S. The government funding proportion in certain industries is higher, and it dominates research in social science and humanities. Similarly, with some exceptions (e.g. biotechnology) government provides the bulk of the funds for \"basic\" scientific research. In commercial research and development, all but the most research-oriented corporations focus more heavily on near-term commercialization possibilities rather than \"blue-sky\" ideas or technologies (such as nuclear fusion). In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, as the pace of technological progress increased before and during the industrial revolution, most scientific and technological research was carried out by individual inventors using their",
"title": "Funding of science"
},
{
"id": "566527",
"text": "with NIH management who then develops a budget request for continuing projects, new research proposals, and new initiatives from the Director. NIH submits its budget request to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and the HHS considers this request as a portion of its budget. Many adjustments and appeals occur between NIH and HHS before the agency submits NIH's budget request to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). OMB determines what amounts and research areas are approved for incorporation into the President's final budget. The President then sends NIH's budget request to Congress in February for the",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "566526",
"text": "Neurological and Behavioral Function to develop a set of state-of-the-art measurement tools to enhance collection of data in large cohort studies. Scientists from more than 100 institutions nationwide contributed. In September 2012, the NIH Toolbox was rolled out to the research community. NIH Toolbox assessments are based, where possible, on Item Response Theory and adapted for testing by computer. To allocate funds, the NIH must first obtain its budget from Congress. This process begins with institute and center (IC) leaders collaborating with scientists to determine the most important and promising research areas within their fields. IC leaders discuss research areas",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "14208059",
"text": "by the NIHR or by the Department of Health’s Policy Research Programme (DH PRP) to support clinical and applied health and social care research. The NIHR Faculty comprises three categories of membership: The Faculty encompasses research, clinical and support staff from all professional backgrounds, including doctors, dentists, nurses, allied health professionals and pharmacists. The current chair for the institute is Sallie Lamb. The NIHR funds research mainly in England. As a new departure, and in line with the UK Government’s aid strategy of diffusing Official Development Assistance spending across government departments, the Department of Health and Social Care has been",
"title": "National Institute for Health Research"
},
{
"id": "3606078",
"text": "is the oldest and has the largest budget and research program of the 27 institutes and centers of the NIH. It fulfills the majority of its mission via an extramural program that provides grants for cancer research. Additionally, the National Cancer Institute has intramural research programs in Bethesda, Maryland and at the Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research at Fort Detrick, in Frederick, Maryland. The NCI receives more than $5 billion in funding each year. The NCI supports a nationwide network of 69 NCI-designated Cancer Centers with a dedicated focus on cancer research and treatment and maintains the National Clinical",
"title": "National Cancer Institute"
},
{
"id": "14208061",
"text": "years. NIHR’s work is led by Professor Chris Whitty, Chief Scientific Adviser at the Department of Health, and directed by the Senior Management Team of the Science, Research and Evidence Directorate at the Department of Health. An Advisory Board and a Strategy Board advise on the strategic direction for NIHR’s work’. Delivery of NIHR responsibilities is mainly managed by a number of 'Coordinating Centres' contracted to the Department of Health The NIHR was created in April 2006 under the government’s health research strategy, Best Research for Best Health, with the slogan \"improving the health and wealth of the nation through",
"title": "National Institute for Health Research"
},
{
"id": "2123040",
"text": "Faculty members received over $174 million in research grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2017, ranking 28th of 141 medical schools in the US. The NIH funding includes major amounts for research in aging, disorders of intellectual development, disorders of the weak minded and feeble, diabetes, cancer, liver disease, and AIDS. Samuel Belkin, president of Yeshiva University, began planning a new medical school as early as 1945. Six years later, Belkin and New York City Mayor Vincent Impellitteri entered into an agreement to begin its construction with funding from Henry H. Minskoff. Around the same time, world-renowned",
"title": "Albert Einstein College of Medicine"
},
{
"id": "7782258",
"text": "National Health and Medical Research Council The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) is Australia's peak funding body for medical research, with a budget of roughly $900 million a year. The Council was established to develop and maintain health standards and is responsible for implementing the \"National Health and Medical Research Council Act 1992\". NHMRC is a material agency and is incorporated under the federal \"Financial Management and Accountability Act 1997\". It was a part of the Department of Health and Ageing portfolio until mid-2007 when it became a self-governing statutory authority. Along with the Australian Research Council (ARC),",
"title": "National Health and Medical Research Council"
},
{
"id": "5078463",
"text": "in the U.S. related to their work. In April 2016, internal IARC officials told its experts to not release documents or comply with the legal requests related to its review of glyphosate. In the fall of 2016, the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform held a briefing to ask officials from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) about NIH's grant funding to the IARC. The NIH grant database showed that it has given the IARC over $1.2 million in 2016. Chaffetz asked the NIH to give his committee details of its standards for awarding grants and vetting grant",
"title": "International Agency for Research on Cancer"
},
{
"id": "566538",
"text": "more first-time NIH R01 applicants, or the research grant applications of young scientists. To encourage the participation of young scientists, the application process has been shortened and made easier. In addition, first-time applicants are being offered more funding for their research grants than those who have received grants in the past. In 2011 and 2012, the Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General published a series of audit reports revealing that throughout the fiscal years 2000–2010, institutes under the aegis of the NIH did not comply with the time and amount requirements specified in appropriations statutes, in",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "566524",
"text": "available. With this hopefully more pain management will be available including techniques for arthritis sufferers. In 2000, the Joint Economic Committee of Congress reported NIH research, which was funded at $16 billion a year in 2000, that some econometric studies had given a rate of return of 25 to 40 percent per year by reducing the economic cost of illness in the US. It found that of the 21 drugs with the highest therapeutic impact on society introduced between 1965 and 1992, public funding was \"instrumental\" for 15. As of 2011 NIH-supported research helped to discover 153 new FDA-approved drugs,",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "10467702",
"text": "from inappropriate influences—so NIH can fund the most promising research. CSR receives nearly 80,000 applications a year and recruits over 18,000 external experts to review its portion of them in its study sections, which often meet three times during the year. Additional scientists serve on other NIH advisory councils, which provide a second level of peer review and make funding recommendations based on priorities set by the United States Congress, DHHS, and the public. Center for Scientific Review The Center for Scientific Review (CSR) is the portal for United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant applications and their review",
"title": "Center for Scientific Review"
},
{
"id": "4346459",
"text": "the non-commercial funding of cancer research in the US was four times the amount dedicated to cancer research in Europe. Half of Europe's non-commercial cancer research is funded by charitable organizations. The National Cancer Institute is the major funding institution in the United States. In the 2016 fiscal year, the NCI funded $5.2 billion in cancer research. Difficulties inherent to cancer research are shared with many types of biomedical research. Cancer research processes have been criticised. These include, especially in the US, for the financial resources and positions required to conduct research. Other consequences of competition for research resources appear",
"title": "Cancer research"
},
{
"id": "20353136",
"text": "Industry funding of academic research Industry funding of academic research in the United States is one of the two major sources of funding in academia along with government support. Currently, private funding of research accounts for the majority of all research and development funding in the United States as of 2007 overall. Overall, Federal and Industrial sources contribute similar amounts to research, while industry funds the vast majority of development work. While the majority of industry research is performed in-house, a major portion of this private research funding is directed to research in non-profit academic centers. As of 1999, industrial",
"title": "Industry funding of academic research"
},
{
"id": "5638247",
"text": "National Institute for Medical Research The National Institute for Medical Research (commonly abbreviated to NIMR), was a medical research institute based in Mill Hill, on the outskirts of north London, England. It was funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC); In 2016, the NIMR became part of the new Francis Crick Institute, which was constructed next to St Pancras railway station in the Camden area of central London. The Medical Research Council, founded in 1913, was immediately charged with establishing a central research institute in London. Later that year, premises at Hampstead were acquired and the National Institute for Medical",
"title": "National Institute for Medical Research"
},
{
"id": "13708319",
"text": "Over the last five years, UPCI's 350 faculty members have published more than 4,500 publications in peer-reviewed journals. UPCI is ranked 12th in funding from the National Cancer Institute. It has increased its federal research funding to a total of nearly $174 million in 2011; up from totals of $154 million in 2007, $149 million in 2004, and $120 million in 2001. These totals include three competitive Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) grants focusing on head and neck, lung, and skin cancers. UPCI works in tandem with UPMC Cancer Centers Network to translate the latest research advances to clinical",
"title": "University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute"
},
{
"id": "15083743",
"text": "to R&D. The FY2015 budget request includes $135.110B in R&D spending out of a total budget of $3969.069B, representing 3.4% of the budget. Research and development funding in the federal budget is not centrally enacted, but is spread across many appropriations bills which are enacted in the annual United States budget process. Of the twelve annual appropriations bills, the most important for R&D are those for \"Defense\"; \"Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education\" (which includes NIH); \"Commerce, Justice, and Science\" (which includes NSF, NASA, NIST, and NOAA); and \"Energy and Water Development\". Other appropriations bills include smaller amounts of",
"title": "Science policy of the United States"
},
{
"id": "10467701",
"text": "Center for Scientific Review The Center for Scientific Review (CSR) is the portal for United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant applications and their review for scientific merit. The CSR organizes the peer review groups or study sections that evaluate the majority (70%) of the research grant applications sent to NIH. It also receives all grant applications for NIH, as well as for some other components of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Since 1946, its mission has remained clear and timely: to see that NIH grant applications receive fair, independent, expert, and timely reviews—free",
"title": "Center for Scientific Review"
},
{
"id": "3121821",
"text": "(the largest, the National Cancer Institute, is funded by the US Government). At the time of the merger, the ICRF had an annual income of £124m, while the CRC had an income of £101m. In the financial year 2014/15 the charity spent £422.67 million on cancer research projects (around 67% of its total income for that year). The bulk of the remaining costs were spent on trading and fundraising costs with a small amount also spent on information services, campaigning, advocacy, administration and other activities or was held in reserve. The charity funds the work of over 4,000 researchers, doctors",
"title": "Cancer Research UK"
},
{
"id": "566519",
"text": "studies in universities. While government funding for research in other disciplines has been increasing at a rate similar to inflation since the 1970s, research funding for the NIH nearly tripled through the 1990s and early 2000s, but has remained relatively stagnant since then. By the 1990s, the NIH committee focus had shifted to DNA research, and launched the Human Genome Project. Intramural research is primarily conducted at the main campus in Bethesda, Maryland and Rockville, Maryland, and the surrounding communities. The Bayview Campus in Baltimore, Maryland houses the research programs of the National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Drug",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "2379659",
"text": "year 2009. Other parts of NIH had an additional $50 million for FY 2009; NIH's total budget was about $29 billion. The NCCIH budget for 2015 was $124.1 million. They requested a $3,459,000 funding increase for their 2016 budget. NCCIH has been criticized by Steven E. Nissen, Stephen Barrett, and Kimball Atwood among others, for funding, along with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute a study of EDTA chelation therapy for coronary artery disease, which lasted about 10 years and cost about $31 million, even though smaller, controlled trials found chelation ineffective. Other NCCIH-funded studies have included the benefits",
"title": "National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health"
},
{
"id": "15083747",
"text": "code: 6.1 is Basic Research, 6.2 is Applied Research, 6.3 is Advanced Technology Development, 6.4 is Advanced Component Development and Prototypes, 6.5 is System Development and Demonstration, 6.6 is RDT&E Management and Support, and 6.7 is Operational Systems Development. Most of the Defense R&D budget is for weapon systems development, with nearly all activity in categories 6.4 and higher carried out by private defense contractors. About one sixth of it is allocated to the Science and Technology (S&T) program, which includes all of 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, and medical research. As of 2013, research funding (6.1 and 6.2) was disbursed 40%",
"title": "Science policy of the United States"
},
{
"id": "566525",
"text": "vaccines, and new indications for drugs in the 40 years prior. One study found NIH funding aided either directly or indirectly in developing the drugs or drug targets for all of the 210 FDA-approved drugs from 2010 to 2016. In 2015, Pierre Azoulay et al. estimated $10 million invested in research generated two to three new patents. Since its inception, the NIH intramural research program has been a source of many pivotal scientific and medical discoveries. Some of these include: In September 2006, the NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research started a contract for the NIH Toolbox for the Assessment of",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "2604148",
"text": "into law the National Mental Health Act, although the institute was not formally established until 1949. NIMH is a $1.5 billion enterprise, supporting research on mental health through grants to investigators at institutions and organizations throughout the United States and through its own internal (intramural) research effort. The mission of NIMH is \"to transform the understanding and treatment of mental illnesses through basic and clinical research, paving the way for prevention, recovery, and cure.\" In order to fulfill this mission, NIMH \"must foster innovative thinking and ensure that a full array of novel scientific perspectives are used to further discovery",
"title": "National Institute of Mental Health"
},
{
"id": "15083758",
"text": "research spending. The USA carries out almost half (46%) of all research in the life sciences, making it the world leader. In 2013, US pharmaceutical companies spent US$40 billion on R&D inside the USA and nearly another US$11 billion on R&D abroad. Some 7% of the companies on Thomson Reuters’ Top 100 Global Innovators list for 2014 are active in biomedical research, equal to the number of businesses in consumer products and telecommunications. Global top 50 companies by R&D volume and intensity, 2014 <nowiki>*</nowiki> Although incorporated in the Netherlands, Airbus’s principal manufacturing facilities are located in France, Germany, Spain and",
"title": "Science policy of the United States"
},
{
"id": "20078737",
"text": "networks'; these had good funding and much the same aims - but were themselves abolished in 2013. The UK's major funder of health and care research is the state-funded National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) - the research arm of the National Health Service and Europe's biggest health and care research funder. There are corresponding but subordinate organisations in Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland. NIHR claims to “[involve] patients and the public in all our work”. In the context of lay involvement, however, the most important organisation in the UK is an offshoot of NIHR called 'INVOLVE'. One of the",
"title": "Patients and public involvement (PPI)"
},
{
"id": "6107111",
"text": "medical schools in the world, and MCW as an institution was in the top 401-500 universities worldwide. The biological sciences graduate program was 106th, while the statistics program ranked 53rd, according to U.S. News. As a research center, the Medical College of Wisconsin received more than $154 million in external support for research, teaching, training and related purposes in fiscal year (FY) 2013-2014. MCW received about $79.5 million in NIH funding and ranked 46th among 137 medical schools in the country for NIH research funding. Its faculty conducted more than 2,500 research studies, including clinical trials, in the same fiscal",
"title": "Medical College of Wisconsin"
},
{
"id": "8934597",
"text": "years later. The NMDP receives annually about US$23 million from the US government through the Health Resources and Services Administration. The US Navy also provides some funding. The program also receives income from donations, from monetary donations from tissue donors for tissue typing (about $50 as of 2008), from fees charged for in-depth database searches (initial searches are free, full searches can cost several thousand dollars), and from the fees charged to the transplanting hospital once a match is found and the stem cells have been transferred. The latter charge amounts to about $21,000, which is somewhat more than other",
"title": "National Marrow Donor Program"
},
{
"id": "9140775",
"text": "on research. The primary recipients of this funding were the colleges of Medicine ($164.2 million), Agriculture and Life Sciences ($114.5 million), Arts and Sciences ($80.3 million), and Engineering ($64.8 million). The money comes largely from federal sources, with federal investment of $381.0 million. The federal agencies that invest the most money are the Department of Health and Human Services and the National Science Foundation that make up, respectively, 51.4% and 30.7% of all federal investment in the university. Cornell was on the top-ten list of U.S. universities receiving the most patents in 2003, and was one of the nation's top",
"title": "Cornell University"
},
{
"id": "7782259",
"text": "NHMRC is one of the Australian government's two main agencies for allocating competitively research funding to academics and researchers at Australian universities. NHMRC research grading is commonly used to assess medical publications. These include, from the most reliable to least: systematic review, randomized control trial, cohort study, case control, case series. In 2010 the NHMRC's new online system for grant applications was the subject of criticism after a series of technical problems. The community organisation Organisation Intersex International Australia criticised the NHMRC for funding research programs that pathologise intersex variations as disorders. National Health and Medical Research Council The National",
"title": "National Health and Medical Research Council"
},
{
"id": "5561812",
"text": "25% (adjusted for inflation) over the same time period of time, from 2003 to 2007, an increase from $40 billion in 2003, to $58.6 billion in 2007. Industry sourced expenditures from 1994 to 2003 showed industry sponsored research funding increased 8.1%, a stark contrast to 25% increase in recent years. Of industry sponsored research, pharmaceutical firm spending was the greatest contributor from all industry sponsored biomedical research spending, but only increased 15% (adjusted for inflation) from 2003 to 2007, while device and biotechnology firms accounted for the majority of the spending. The stock performance, a measure that can be an",
"title": "Medical research"
},
{
"id": "9804989",
"text": "National Research Service Award The Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Awards (usually referred to as NRSA) are a family of grants provided by the United States National Institutes of Health for training researchers in the behavioral sciences and health sciences. They are a highly selective and very prestigious source of funding for doctoral and postdoctoral trainees. The grants are awarded based on lengthy proposals submitted by applicants in which original experimental plans are described. The proposals are evaluated and given an impact score reflecting scientific merit by a study section at the Center for Scientific Review at the NIH.",
"title": "National Research Service Award"
},
{
"id": "434967",
"text": "NIH funds, but was still the largest public medical school recipient. Also in 2012, the school of medicine received the most funding from NIH in medicine for the first time (receiving funds totaling $448.7 million), and maintains this distinction as of 2016. In 2016, the School of Medicine launched the Bridges curriculum, more than half of which is dedicated to diagnostic reasoning. The Graduate Division, established in 1961, is home to 1,600 students enrolled in 31 degree programs (both PhD and Masters) and 1,100 postdoctoral scholars. Programs are based basic, translational, clinical, social, and populational sciences, and focus on the",
"title": "University of California, San Francisco"
},
{
"id": "20078743",
"text": "The Society spends over £10 million a year on funding research studies; the Network costs about £xxx a year (including some commercial sponsorship). Despite the increased demand for public involvement in health research and care research, concerns have been expressed at the variable quality of feedback coming from that involvement. In 2017 new guidance was provided in an attempt to address this issue. At around the same time, NIHR published the draft PI standards mentioned at the start of this article. Apart from cost, there are few reasons why all stages of health and care research should not involve lay",
"title": "Patients and public involvement (PPI)"
},
{
"id": "4371475",
"text": "Funding of science Research funding is a term generally covering any funding for scientific research, in the areas of both \"hard\" science and technology and social science. The term often connotes funding obtained through a competitive process, in which potential research projects are evaluated and only the most promising receive funding. Such processes, which are run by government, corporations or foundations, allocate scarce funds. Most research funding comes from two major sources, corporations (through research and development departments) and government (primarily carried out through universities and specialized government agencies; often known as \"research councils\"). Some small amounts of scientific research",
"title": "Funding of science"
},
{
"id": "19893091",
"text": "to obey standard research protocols including institutional review boards to approve their research design and ethics. The act allocates $4.8 billion to the National Institutes of Health for precision medicine and biomedical research. Of this, $1.5 billion is earmarked for research on brain disease. Another $1.8 billion is dedicated to cancer research in what is called the \"Beau Biden Cancer Moonshot\" initiative, named in honor of Vice President Joe Biden's son, who died of brain cancer in 2015. The act requires sale of 25 million barrels of crude oil (10,000,000 in 2017, 9,000,000 in 2018, and 6,000,000 in 2019) from",
"title": "21st Century Cures Act"
},
{
"id": "5561818",
"text": "the federal mandate is managed and made publicly available on usaspending.gov. Aside from the main source, usaspending.gov, other reporting mechanisms exist: Data specifically on biomedical research funding from federal sources is made publicly available by the National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA), data on health services research, approximately 0.1% of federal funding on biomedical research, is available through the Coalition of Health Services Research, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the Veterans Health Administration. Currently there are not any funding reporting requirements for industry sponsored",
"title": "Medical research"
},
{
"id": "360759",
"text": "providing tax incentives to those organizations that fund research. Vannevar Bush, director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development for the United States government, the forerunner of the National Science Foundation, wrote in July 1945 that \"Science is a proper concern of government.\" Scientific research is often funded through a competitive process in which potential research projects are evaluated and only the most promising receive funding. Such processes, which are run by government, corporations, or foundations, allocate scarce funds. Total research funding in most developed countries is between 1.5% and 3% of GDP. In the OECD, around two-thirds of",
"title": "Science"
},
{
"id": "20369693",
"text": "in health research. The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) in the UK mandates that proposals for any primary research applying for funding are justified by a review of the evidence done systematically. The Medical Research Council of the UK, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG: German Research Foundation), and De Nederlandse organisatie voor gezondheidsonderzoek en zorginnovatie (ZonMw) require providing a systematic review for clinical trials applying for funding. Authors submitting a manuscript of research to \"the Lancet\" family of journals are required to provide \"Research in context panel that should include a description of all evidence",
"title": "Evidence-based research"
},
{
"id": "2408719",
"text": "Howard Hughes Medical Institute The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) is an American non-profit medical research organization based in Chevy Chase, Maryland. It was founded by the American businessman Howard Hughes in 1953. It is one of the largest private funding organizations for biological and medical research in the United States. HHMI spends about $1 million per HHMI Investigator per year, which amounts to annual investment in biomedical research of about $825 million. The institute has an endowment of $22.6 billion, making it the second-wealthiest philanthropic organization in the United States and the second-best endowed medical research foundation in the",
"title": "Howard Hughes Medical Institute"
},
{
"id": "20353151",
"text": "provide social and economic benefits. However, it is difficult to determine whether this increase in apparent impact is due to the industry funding itself or is just a read out that industry funds target work that tends to produce more citations per publication as well as more patents. Industry funding of academic research Industry funding of academic research in the United States is one of the two major sources of funding in academia along with government support. Currently, private funding of research accounts for the majority of all research and development funding in the United States as of 2007 overall.",
"title": "Industry funding of academic research"
},
{
"id": "9140871",
"text": "Social Work, School of Professional Studies, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, and the Tisch School of the Arts. Postgraduate divisions are found in all of NYU's schools and colleges. NYU manages one of the largest annual collegiate research budgets of any university in the United States. In 2014, NYU received $524 million in research grants from the National Science Foundation alone. NYU School of Medicine received $305 million in external research funding from the National Institutes of Health in 2014. NYU was granted 90 patents in 2014, the 19th most of any institution in the world. NYU",
"title": "New York University"
},
{
"id": "13250185",
"text": "including funding from the National Center for Research Resources, the National Eye Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and the Office of Rare Diseases Research. Additional support comes from voluntary health organizations and from corporate and individual donors. National Disease Research Interchange The National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI), based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA) is the nation’s leading source of human tissues, cells and organs for scientific research. A not-for-profit 501",
"title": "National Disease Research Interchange"
},
{
"id": "566535",
"text": "the NIH is directing scientists to perform their experiments with both female and male animals, or cells derived from females as well as males if they are studying cell cultures, and that the NIH would take the balance of each study design into consideration when awarding grants. The announcement also stated that this rule would probably not apply when studying sex-specific diseases (for example, ovarian or testicular cancer). When a government shutdown occurs, the NIH continues to treat people who are already enrolled in clinical trials, but does not start any new clinical trials and does not admit new patients",
"title": "National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "1377140",
"text": "would continue after 1957 when U.S. anxiety over the launch of Sputnik led to the creation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (space science) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (defense-related research) National Science Foundation The National Science Foundation (NSF) is a United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National Institutes of Health. With an annual budget of about US$7.0 billion (fiscal year 2012), the NSF funds approximately 24% of all federally supported basic research conducted by the United States' colleges",
"title": "National Science Foundation"
},
{
"id": "17681525",
"text": "against diseases and health concerns in the United States and around the globe. The FNIH collaborates with government experts, industry, academia and not-for-profits on biomedical research programs to advance breakthrough scientific discoveries and to improve the quality of people's lives. Key research partnerships include: The FNIH supports education and training programs by raising funds for fellows and early-career researchers who are working to advance biomedical science. An example of this is the Medical Research Scholars Program (MRSP), which provides one-year of intensive training for medical, dental and veterinary students on the NIH campus with mentorship from top scientists. The FNIH",
"title": "Foundation for the National Institutes of Health"
},
{
"id": "17681601",
"text": "the NIH released a \"Request for Information (RFI): To Solicit Ideas for Common Fund/Roadmap Trans-NIH Strategic Initiatives,\" soliciting ideas from the scientific, medical and patient advocate communities about the kinds of initiatives to be supported by the fund. Provided the NIH budget grows ahead of the annual inflation rate, the legislation allows the Common Fund to use up to five percent of the NIH budget. National Institutes of Health Common Fund The Common Fund is an initiative of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) aimed at supporting research collaboration between two or more NIH institutes and centers (ICs). The fund",
"title": "National Institutes of Health Common Fund"
},
{
"id": "2114881",
"text": "For medical research, these include the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR), CSIR, DST and Department of Biotechnology (DBT). For applied research, these include the CSIR, DBT and Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC). Other funding authorities are the Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO), the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the Department of Ocean Development (DOD), the Indian Council for Social Science Research (ICSSR), and the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MEF) etc. Irish funding councils include the Irish Research Council (IRC) and the Science Foundation Ireland. The prior Irish Research Council for",
"title": "Science policy"
},
{
"id": "7221167",
"text": "obtain the best strategic advantage for the project. In the context of a clinical trial a PI may be an academic working with grants from NIH or other funding agencies, or may be effectively a contractor for a pharmaceutical company working on testing the safety and efficacy of new medicines. There were 20,458 PIs on NIH R01 grants in US biomedical research in 2000. In 2013, this number has grown to 21,511. At the same time the success rate for an applicant to receive an R01 grant has gone down from 32% in 2000 to 17% in 2013. Casati, A.",
"title": "Principal investigator"
}
] | how much money does the nih invest annually in medical research |
|
| [
{
"id": "18213208",
"text": "Shenzhen and Nanjing, the company employs 1,600 R&D personnel as of January 2016. Since the company's founding in 2009, Vivo has expanded to over 100 countries around the world. Vivo began its international expansion in 2014 when it entered the Thai market. The company quickly followed up with launches in the India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. On December 2015, Vivo entered the Philippine market with its Y51 model. This phone once called the greatest first phone to release by a company. In 2017 Vivo entered the smartphone market in Russia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Brunei,",
"title": "Vivo (technology company)"
},
{
"id": "18213209",
"text": "Macau, Cambodia, Laos, Bangladesh and Nepal. On June 2017, it entered the Pakistan mobile phone market and the Vivo brand is currently experiencing rapid growth in popularity in the country. On 26 November 2017, Vivo entered the Nepali market with its Y53 and Y65 models. In October 2015, Vivo became the title sponsor of the Indian Premier League under a two-year deal starting in the 2016 season. In July 2017, the deal was extended until 2022. In June 2017, Vivo reached a sponsorship deal with FIFA to become the official smartphone brand of the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups.",
"title": "Vivo (technology company)"
},
{
"id": "18213210",
"text": "The company also became a title sponsor of India's Pro Kabaddi. Vivo currently has a sponsorship deal with the U.S. National Basketball Association in China, with Golden State Warriors player Stephen Curry endorsing the brand in China and the Philippines. Vivo has also struck a deal with Marvel Studios, appearing in as both Captain America and Iron Man's phones. Vivo has made numerous phones including several concept phones. Out of them Vivo \"V\" series are the flagship models of the company. The Vivo V9 release on March 2018, with Dual Rear Camera Setup (for Indonesia Version with 13MP + 2MP)",
"title": "Vivo (technology company)"
},
{
"id": "18213211",
"text": "16MP + 5MP Depth Sensor, and the 24MP AI Front Camera (12MP Dual Pixel for Vivo V9 6GB Indonesia). Vivo V9 6GB with Qualcomm Snapdragon 626 with AI Engine up to 2.2 GHz Octa Core. The Vivo V11 was released on September 5, 2018, which is the first Vivo smartphone to share a circular \"Halo-notch\" design like the Oppo F9 and R17's Water-drop Notch. It features an under-display fingerprint sensor from the X23 and for the first time, it is integrated with the Jovi Voice Assistant in the Chinese market, particularly BBK Electronics. In 2012, Vivo released the X1. The",
"title": "Vivo (technology company)"
},
{
"id": "18213212",
"text": "X1 was also the first Vivo phone to use a Hi-Fi chip, developed by American semiconductor company Cirrus Logic. Vivo followed this up in 2013 by releasing the world’s first 2k-resolution screen phone, the Xplay3s. Other popular phones in the Vivo lineup include the X5Pro, the X5Max, and the Xshot. In 2018, Vivo unveiled the X21 UD, the world's first smartphone with an under screen fingerprint scanner. It used the \"ClearID\" technology developed by Synaptics. The Vivo X23 was officially revealed for the Chinese market featuring an improved Under-display fingerprint sensor and the all new Jovi Assistant developed by Vivo.",
"title": "Vivo (technology company)"
},
{
"id": "18213207",
"text": "Vivo (technology company) Vivo Communication Technology Co. Ltd. (commonly referred to simply as Vivo, named after the Esperanto word for \"life\") is a Chinese technology company owned by BBK Electronics that makes smartphones, smartphone accessories, software, and online services. It was founded in 2009 in Dongguan, China. The company develops software for their phones such as the Vivo App Store, iManager included in their proprietary Android-based operating system called Funtouch OS. Vivo joined the ranks of the top 10 smartphone makers in the first quarter of 2015 with a global market share of 2.7%. With research and development centers in",
"title": "Vivo (technology company)"
},
{
"id": "20730483",
"text": "of internal storage, 4GB of RAM, and up to an additional 256GB via microSD. The rear facing camera has a resolution of 16 MP. The phone has an Octa-.core 2.2 GHz Cortex-A53 CPU and an Adreno 506 GPU. Vivo V9 price in India starts from Rs. 19,549. The Vivo V9 is powered by 2.2GHz octa-core processor and it comes with 4GB of RAM Vivo V9 Vivo V9 is an Android smartphone developed by Vivo Communication Technology Co. It was initially released in April 2018.The phone has 64GB of internal storage and 4GB of RAM. A microSD card can be inserted",
"title": "Vivo V9"
},
{
"id": "17081953",
"text": "expanding its wings with satisfied customers in india. The Speed 8 smartphone; the first Deca-Core Smartphone was launched in July, 2016 in New Delhi. At present, Zopo Mobile is in the craze of taking the whole market share but Oppo and Vivo are on the lead in the Indian market. Zopo Mobile Zopo Mobile (or simply, Zopo) is the commonly used name of Shenzhen Zopo Communications-equipment Limited Company, a Mobile Smartphone maker headquartered in Shenzhen, China. Zopo was founded in 2012 (formally established in 2008) by Mr. Kevin Xu. It engages in research and development, production, marketing and service of",
"title": "Zopo Mobile"
},
{
"id": "20724607",
"text": "Vivo V1 Vivo V1 is an Android smartphone developed by Vivo Communication Technology Co. It was initially released in July 2015. The phone has 16GB of internal storage and 2GB of Random-Access Memory. It also has a Quad-core 1.2 GHz Cortex-A53 CPU and a Adreno 306 GPU. As of September 2015, phones that have Verizon Wireless came with Android 5.1.1 Lollipop. While phones that had an older version such as Android 4.4.4 KitKat (which it used to come with) would have an update for Lollipop. The Vivo V1 has 16GB of internal storage and 2GB Random-Access Memory. A microSD card",
"title": "Vivo V1"
},
{
"id": "20724608",
"text": "can be inserted for up to an additional 256GB. The phone has a Quad-core 1.2 GHz Cortex-A53 CPU and a Adreno 306 GPU. The rear facing camera has a 13MP resolution, and the front facing camera has a resolution of 5MP. The Vivo V1 was both announced and released in July 2015. Vivo V1 Vivo V1 is an Android smartphone developed by Vivo Communication Technology Co. It was initially released in July 2015. The phone has 16GB of internal storage and 2GB of Random-Access Memory. It also has a Quad-core 1.2 GHz Cortex-A53 CPU and a Adreno 306 GPU. As",
"title": "Vivo V1"
},
{
"id": "20726186",
"text": "2MP. The Vivo V2 was released in August 2016. Vivo V2 Vivo V1 is an Android smartphone developed by Vivo Communication Technology Co. It was initially released in August 2016. The phone has 16GB of internal storage and 1GB of Random-Access Memory. As of September 2015, phones that have Verizon Wireless came with Android 5.1.1 Lollipop. While phones that had an older version such as Android 4.4.4 KitKat (which it used to come with) would have an update for Lollipop. The Vivo V2 has 16GB of internal storage and 1GB RAM. The rear facing camera has a resolution of 5MP",
"title": "Vivo V2"
},
{
"id": "20726185",
"text": "Vivo V2 Vivo V1 is an Android smartphone developed by Vivo Communication Technology Co. It was initially released in August 2016. The phone has 16GB of internal storage and 1GB of Random-Access Memory. As of September 2015, phones that have Verizon Wireless came with Android 5.1.1 Lollipop. While phones that had an older version such as Android 4.4.4 KitKat (which it used to come with) would have an update for Lollipop. The Vivo V2 has 16GB of internal storage and 1GB RAM. The rear facing camera has a resolution of 5MP and the front facing camera has a resolution of",
"title": "Vivo V2"
},
{
"id": "18213213",
"text": "Vivo unveiled a concept smartphone named Vivo \"Apex\" at the Mobile World Congress 2018. The concept phone features a high screen to body ratio (91.2%), pop-up front camera and two optical fingerprint scanners under its OLED display. They put it into production several months later. The production version was named Vivo Nex. Vivo unveiled the Nex Dual Display Edition (aka Nex 2), having a second OLED screen and triple rear cameras embodied at the back with a lunar ring instead of a sliding module. Vivo (technology company) Vivo Communication Technology Co. Ltd. (commonly referred to simply as Vivo, named after",
"title": "Vivo (technology company)"
},
{
"id": "20730482",
"text": "Vivo V9 Vivo V9 is an Android smartphone developed by Vivo Communication Technology Co. It was initially released in April 2018.The phone has 64GB of internal storage and 4GB of RAM. A microSD card can be inserted for up to an additional 256GB. The phone has an Octa-core 2.2 GHz Cortex-A53 CPU and an Adreno 506 GPU. As of September 2015, phones that have Verizon Wireless came with Android 5.1.1 Lollipop. While phones that had an older version such as Android 4.4.4 KitKat (which it used to come with) would have an update for Lollipop. The Vivo V9 has 64GB",
"title": "Vivo V9"
},
{
"id": "11727669",
"text": "both Huawei and Apple to become the 2nd largest smartphone manufacturer in the world, just behind Samsung. In September 2017, BBK toppled Samsung to become the largest smartphone seller in India. BBK Electronics BBK Electronics Corporation () is a Chinese multinational firm specializing in electronics such as television sets, MP3 players, digital cameras and cell phones. It markets smartphones under the OPPO, OnePlus, Realme, and Vivo brands, and Blu-ray players, headphones and headphone amplifiers under the OPPO Digital division. BBK Electronics' headquarters and production base are located in Chang'an, Dongguan. The latest member of the BBK Electronics group is \"imoo\".",
"title": "BBK Electronics"
},
{
"id": "11625137",
"text": "The MobileStore The MobileStore Limited, was an Indian telecom and mobile phone retailer, formerly known as \"Essar Telecom Retail, Ltd.\", The MobileStore currently has over 1000 shops in 150 cities, with its headquarters located in Mumbai. The company is part of the Essar Group. The MobileStore was launched on 22 March 2006 in Mumbai, incorporated under The Companies Act, 1956. It has its registered office at Essar House, Mahalaxmi, Mumbai. The MobileStore sells mobile phones of domestic and international brands like Apple, BlackBerry, HTC, Karbonn Mobiles, Micromax, Motorola, Spice, Samsung, Sony, VIVO, OPPO and Vodafone. It also provides online mobile",
"title": "The MobileStore"
},
{
"id": "4022956",
"text": "Europe). The Vivo brand was launched on 13 April 2003, as a mobile phone service provider. It's the largest provider in Brazil with over 76 million users. It originated from the merger of several Brazilian mobile phone operations under a joint-venture owned equally by Portugal Telecom (PT) and Spain's Telefónica. Until 2006, the group was composed of six holding companies which, as announced in November 2005, merged into a single holding company, \"Vivo Participações\". The operation was concluded on 22 February 2006. In July 2010, Telefónica bought PT's shares. Today Vivo operates an UMTS, 3G networks and band 7 4G",
"title": "Vivo (telecommunications)"
},
{
"id": "18224287",
"text": "All-in-Ones (Vivo AiO), desktops (VivoPC), Stick PCs (VivoStick), Mini PCs (VivoMini), smartwatches (VivoWatch), computer mouse (VivoMouse) and tablets (VivoTab). Asus also launched many Android-based smartphones, predominantly with Intel rather than ARM processors and often with two sim slots. Asus is currently very influential in big mobile markets like India, China and other Asian countries. It is known as the ZenFone series. Prior to the ZenFone line, Asus has released feature phones such as the Asus v70 and smartphones running on Windows Mobile during the mid-2000s. First Generation (2014) Second Generation (2015) Third Generation (2016) Fourth Generation (2017) Fifth Generation (2018)",
"title": "Asus"
},
{
"id": "18224295",
"text": "card and a special edition of the Sennheiser PC350 headset. In August 2010, ASUS released the Xonar DG sound card targeted at budget buyers and offering 5.1 surround sound support, 105db SNR rating, support for Dolby headphone and GX 2.5 support for emulating EAX 5.0 technology. Asus entered the box-PC market with the Vivo PC line in November 2013. ASUS VivoPCs come without a pre-installed Windows operating system. On 23 October 2013 ASUS launched two models of VivoPCs in India. VivoPC was initially announced with Intel Celeron processor equipped VM40B model. But in India, the company released VivoPC along with",
"title": "Asus"
},
{
"id": "10898190",
"text": "Chennai and Rajasthan franchises from the league. The BCCI then transferred the title sponsorship rights for the remaining two seasons of the contract to Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo for 190 crore. In June 2017, Vivo retained the rights for the next five seasons (2018–2022) with a winning bid of 2199 crore, in a deal more expensive than Barclays' Premier League title sponsorship contract between 2013 and 2016. The IPL has seen a spike in its brand valuation to US$5.3 billion after the 10th edition, according to research conducted by global valuation and corporate finance advisor Duff & Phelps. The brand",
"title": "Indian Premier League"
},
{
"id": "20816705",
"text": "VIVO Cannabis VIVO Cannabis Inc \"(formerly ABcann Global)\" is a Canadian licensed cannabis producer, headquartered in Napanee, Ontario. The company trades on the Toronto Venture Exchange as VIVO and on the US OTC market as VVCIF. VIVO became a publicly traded company in April 2017. In August 2017, the company received a $15 million investment by Cannabis Wheaton to fund the second production facility at its 65-acre property in Napanee. W. Brett Wilson became a member of the Advisory Board in May 2017. The company has three cannabis brands: Beacon Medical, Fireside and Lumina. The products are grown using seeds",
"title": "VIVO Cannabis"
},
{
"id": "4022957",
"text": "LTE in major cities. Initially, the network was based on analog AMPS (IS-95) and parts (resulting from acquisition of other companies), using TDMA (IS-136). These are all being converted to GSM since 2006, when, after years being the only CDMA network, Vivo announced a GSM network, and that it would operate in both CDMA and GSM. The CDMA network was gradually converted to CDMA2000 in the major cities. All CDMA network was discontinued on November 2012 The following operators merged to form Vivo: Owned by Telefónica Owned by Portugal Telecom Acquired by the joint venture New operations in the Northeast",
"title": "Vivo (telecommunications)"
},
{
"id": "14835268",
"text": "are becoming more common. A list of monitors with QHD resolution is available. The resolution is also used in portable devices. In September 2012, Samsung announced the Series 9 WQHD laptop with a 13-inch 25601440 display. In August 2013, LG announced a 5.5-inch QHD smartphone display, which was used in the LG G3. In October 2013 Vivo announced a smartphone with a 25601440 display. Other phone manufacturers followed in 2014, such as Samsung with the Galaxy Note 4, and Google and Motorola with the Nexus 6 smartphone. By the mid 2010s, it was a common resolution among flagship phones such",
"title": "Graphics display resolution"
},
{
"id": "13729203",
"text": "Global Village Telecom Global Village Telecom (GVT) was a Brazilian telecommunications company that offers services on landline telephone, broadband for both consumer and business, Pay TV and voice over IP. GVT has been in the market since the end of 2000. GVT today operates under the Vivo brand. Global Village Telecom was founded in April 1998 by a group of Israeli investors led by entrepreneur Joshua Levinberg, who previously founded Gilat Satellite Networks. Their idea was to build a satellite-based phone network for remote locations in South America using the VSAT technology that was developed by Gilat Satellite Networks. The",
"title": "Global Village Telecom"
},
{
"id": "11727668",
"text": "BBK Electronics BBK Electronics Corporation () is a Chinese multinational firm specializing in electronics such as television sets, MP3 players, digital cameras and cell phones. It markets smartphones under the OPPO, OnePlus, Realme, and Vivo brands, and Blu-ray players, headphones and headphone amplifiers under the OPPO Digital division. BBK Electronics' headquarters and production base are located in Chang'an, Dongguan. The latest member of the BBK Electronics group is \"imoo\". The corporate address is 23 Bubugao Avenue, Wusha Village, Chang'an Dist, Dongguan, 523860 China. It is the highest taxpayer in Chang'an. In Q1 2017, BBK Electronics shipped 56.7 million smartphones, surpassing",
"title": "BBK Electronics"
},
{
"id": "20224414",
"text": "\"Walwal\" and currently for the romantic comedy daytime drama \"Playhouse.\" After her stint in \"Pinoy Big Brother\", she became the newest brand ambassador for Palmolive shampoo and Colgate toothpaste. She is also one of the celebrity endorsers for Bench clothing and Vans Shoes. On September 2017, she was announced as one of the Vivo celebrity ambassadors during the launching of the Vivo V7+ mobile phone. Kisses is one of the faces for Vice Cosmetics, owned by Vice Ganda. On October 2017, a grand launch for the brand was held in Araneta Colliseum. In June 2018, she was launched as one",
"title": "Kisses Delavin"
},
{
"id": "4033270",
"text": "In July 2015, Synaptics debuted a unique “match-in-sensor” fingerprint authenticator for laptops and other devices that authenticates the fingerprint within the chip itself for greater security. The company debuted the Clear ID FS9100, its first optical-based fingerprint sensor, in December 2016, and after improving the technology, sent it into full production a year later. In January 2018, the Chinese company Vivo announced the X20 Plus UD, a smartphone featuring Synaptics’ Clear ID optical fingerprint sensor. This was the world’s first full-production smartphone with fingerprint authentication directly in the OLED display. In July 2017, Synaptics acquired Conexant Systems, an Amazon Alexa",
"title": "Synaptics"
},
{
"id": "20016229",
"text": "trip between international festivals all around the world, receiving important awards: among others, the prestigious Nora Ephron Prize at Tribeca Film Festival in New York, the Firebird Award at Young Competition of Hong Kong International Film Festival, the Golden Gate New Directors Prize at San Francisco International Film Festival, the Globo d'Oro 2015, assigned by Italian foreign press, as \"Best First Film\". \"Sworn Virgin\" was also nominated for a David di Donatello award as \"Best First Film\". In September 2015 \"Innocence of Memories\" by Grant Gee, a UK coproduction, was presented at the “Authors’ Days” of Venice Film Festival. In",
"title": "Vivo film"
},
{
"id": "20762179",
"text": "The Oppo K1 was announced at Oppo's special event in China on October 10, 2018. It features the Water-drop notch design language of Oppo and Vivo phones and an under-display fingerprint sensor. Its main difference from the other Oppo series is its chipset, sporting a Snapdragon 660 processor. Oppo phones Oppo phones are smartphones produced by the Chinese company Oppo. They produce phones in their A series, Find series, F Series, N series and R series. Oppo also produces headphones and Blu-ray players under its Oppo Digital brand. The Oppo K-Series is the newest addition of smartphones under the brand,",
"title": "Oppo phones"
},
{
"id": "11095567",
"text": "Vivox Vivox, Inc provides managed communication services in the form of integrated voice chat, Instant Messaging (IM) to online games, virtual worlds and other online communities with the slogan, \"Communication is Critical\". It is headquartered in Framingham, Massachusetts, United States. Vivox was founded by Jeff Pulver in 2005. On September 19, 2005 Vivox announced that they had received $6 million in venture capital funding from Canaan Partners and GrandBanks Capital. On November 13, 2007 Vivox announced that they had secured $7.8 million in series B financing. The B round financing was led by Benchmark Capital and supported by existing investors",
"title": "Vivox"
},
{
"id": "6195937",
"text": "Japanese architect Toyo Ito. Mapletree Investments, a subsidiary of Temasek Holdings, is the developer of the S$417 million complex. The shopping mall opened officially on 1 December 2006 after a topping-out ceremony on 18 April and a soft launch on 7 October of the same year. The official opening included a six-minute fireworks display, a concert by American band String Theory for the general public, and a Stefanie Sun concert at the mall's amphitheatre at the Sky Park on the third floor. The guest of honour of the event was chairman of Temasek Holdings and former cabinet minister S Dhanabalan.",
"title": "VivoCity"
},
{
"id": "20016226",
"text": "\"Le Quattro Volte\" by Michelangelo Frammartino, was premiered in Cannes Director’s Fortnight Section and won the Europa Cinema Label Award. Since then, it has been sold in more than 45 countries, and has been travelling around the world in the most prestigious festivals receiving countless awards, being the most awarded Italian movie in 2010 and one of the most awarded Italian movies of the last 10 years. It was awarded a Special Nastro d'Oro in 2010. With Le Quattro Volte, in 2011 Marta Donzelli and Gregorio Paonessa got a nomination for the David di Donatello as “Best producer” and were",
"title": "Vivo film"
},
{
"id": "15486315",
"text": "Vivo Class Vivo Class (formerly Vivo Miles) is a private company based in London, UK that sells a web-based rewards system to schools. Founded in 2007, it was first used at Westminster Academy in London. In August 2014, Vivo Miles was rebranded as Vivo Class for teachers. Rewards systems are implemented in schools to praise students for positive actions, stimulating a voluntary and progressive improvement in their behaviour and increasing their motivation towards the achievement of academic objectives. Vivo Miles is a system of extrinsic rewards based on the principles of the Token economy and positive reinforcement. There has long",
"title": "Vivo Class"
},
{
"id": "20016230",
"text": "2016, \"Children of the Night\" by Andrea De Sica was premiered in competition at the 2016 Torino Film Festival, where it was the only Italian film in competition. Thanks to that movie, Andrea De Sica won a Silver Ribbon Award for Best New Director and he was nominated for a David di Donatello Award as Best New Director. In 2017, \"Nico, 1988\" by Susanna Nicchiarelli, a biographical film based on the last years of Christa Päffgen (Nico), openend the section Orizzonti at the 74th Venice Film Festival, where it won the Best Film award. In addition the movie received 4",
"title": "Vivo film"
},
{
"id": "20720850",
"text": "2016. In July 2016 Chinese artists as Liu Shishi, Wu Xiubo and Liu Haoran became the first ambassadors of Xiaomi's Redmi series in China. In August 2016 Xiaomi entered Bangladesh via Solar Electro Bangladesh Limited. In September 2016 Xiaomi's cell phones became officially available in the European Union through their partnership with ABC Data. On 20 February, Xiaomi officially launched in Pakistan and brought its Mi and RedMi Note lineup to the country. On 19 April, Xiaomi launched Mi 6, its flagship phone at the time. In May, Xiaomi opened two MI Home stores; one in Bangalore (India) and one",
"title": "History of Xiaomi"
},
{
"id": "4022955",
"text": "Vivo (telecommunications) Vivo (, Portuguese for \"alive\"), is a brand of Telefônica Brasil, the largest telecommunications company in Brazil. It is headquartered both in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The company was originally formed as part of Telebrás, the state-owned telecom monopoly at the time. In 1998, Telebrás was demerged and privatized. Telefónica bought Telesp, the São Paulo division, and rebranded it to Telefónica. On 15 April 2012, all Telefonica services were rebranded again to Vivo, using the same strategy of unifying all its services in a unique brand, like Movistar (Hispanic America and Spain) and O (rest of",
"title": "Vivo (telecommunications)"
},
{
"id": "17918468",
"text": "(4.4) operating system. In December 2014, the company launched its first smartphone running on the Windows Phone operating system, the Iris Win1. The Xolo X50 smartphone, which runs on the Android Lollipop (5.1) operating system, was launched in July 2016. In February 2017, Lava launched 4G Connect M14, what it claims is India's first 4G enabled feature phone. Lava is headquartered in Noida sector 64, Uttar Pradesh, India. The company maintains 6 offices and 3 manufacturing and service facilities throughout India. According to the IDC Asia Pacific Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker 2014, Lava's market share in India was 8%. In",
"title": "Lava International"
},
{
"id": "20816707",
"text": "the B.C. Liquor Distribution Branch to supply recreational marijuana to British Columbia. VIVO Cannabis VIVO Cannabis Inc \"(formerly ABcann Global)\" is a Canadian licensed cannabis producer, headquartered in Napanee, Ontario. The company trades on the Toronto Venture Exchange as VIVO and on the US OTC market as VVCIF. VIVO became a publicly traded company in April 2017. In August 2017, the company received a $15 million investment by Cannabis Wheaton to fund the second production facility at its 65-acre property in Napanee. W. Brett Wilson became a member of the Advisory Board in May 2017. The company has three cannabis",
"title": "VIVO Cannabis"
},
{
"id": "13550338",
"text": "in Kuala Lumpur, and nationwide on September 27 according to the website of Maxis. The iPhone 4 was released in South Africa on September 22 on the Vodacom and MTN networks, in very limited quantities. The iPhone 4 was launched in Vietnam on September 30 on VinaPhone and Viettel, at first in 3 major cities: Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh city and Da Nang, and then all over the country by the end of October. The iPhone 4 was launched in India on May 27, 2011 by Aircel and Airtel. On January 11, 2011, Verizon Wireless announced during a media event",
"title": "IPhone 4"
},
{
"id": "6067202",
"text": "mobile services later in the year. In October 2006, Xfera announced that it would launch the commercial service in December under its new brand \"Yoigo\". The new name was chosen to reflect the simplicity in rates and ease of use of their services. At their launch in December 2006, Yoigo started with a limited UMTS network. Yoigo has now reached 80% national coverage, incorporating 4G LTE technology for their customers since summer 2013. Yoigo's logo bears some resemblance to the style of Three's and Vivo's, which also have no single colour set. Grupo MásMóvil bought the company in June 2016.",
"title": "Yoigo"
},
{
"id": "20720849",
"text": "the launch of locally manufactured Redmi 2; it is the first time the company assembled a smartphone outside of China. On 24 February 2016, Xiaomi launched the Mi 5 smartphone. On 9 March 2016, Xiaomi launched its Redmi Note 3 in India. It was a groundbreaking smartphone at the time in the budget segment, and was well received by Indian customers. It made record sales on the year, and Xiaomi brand name continued to grow. On 10 May 2016, Xiaomi launched the Mi Max. Shortly after starting operations in Brazil the company left the country in the second half of",
"title": "History of Xiaomi"
},
{
"id": "18209369",
"text": "Gionee Gionee (stylized as GIONEE; ) is a Chinese smartphone manufacturer based in Shenzhen, Guangdong. Founded in 2002, it is one of China’s largest mobile phone manufacturers. According to Gartner, its market share in China was 4.7% in 2012, and it has expanded into other markets, including India, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Vietnam, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, the Philippines and Algeria. In August 2016, Gionee India introduced their plans to build a manufacturing plant in India. At the same time, Gionee introduced its first Made in India smartphone with the introduction of the F103 model. The model was manufactured in a Foxconn",
"title": "Gionee"
},
{
"id": "37511",
"text": "Telefónica, América Móvil, Oi (controlled by Brazilian investors and Portugal Telecom), and GVT. Telefónica operates through Telefónica Brasil, which has integrated its landline and mobile services under the brand name Vivo. The América Móvil group in Brazil comprises long distance incumbent Embratel, mobile operator Claro, and cable TV provider Net Serviços. The group has started to integrate its landline and mobile services under the brand name Claro, previously used only for mobile services. Oi offers landline and mobile services under the Oi brand name. GVT is the country's most successful alternative network provider, offering landline services only. \"National:\" extensive microwave",
"title": "Telecommunications in Brazil"
},
{
"id": "4022958",
"text": "region Vivo owns the following brands: Vivo (telecommunications) Vivo (, Portuguese for \"alive\"), is a brand of Telefônica Brasil, the largest telecommunications company in Brazil. It is headquartered both in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. The company was originally formed as part of Telebrás, the state-owned telecom monopoly at the time. In 1998, Telebrás was demerged and privatized. Telefónica bought Telesp, the São Paulo division, and rebranded it to Telefónica. On 15 April 2012, all Telefonica services were rebranded again to Vivo, using the same strategy of unifying all its services in a unique brand, like Movistar (Hispanic America",
"title": "Vivo (telecommunications)"
},
{
"id": "1454626",
"text": "Both of these phones use dual cameras to detect edges and create a \"depth map\" of the image, which the phone uses to blur the out-of-focus portions of the photo. Other phones, like the Google Pixel, only use a single camera and machine learning to create the depth map. In 2017, Vivo released a smartphone with dual front lenses for selfies with bokeh. The first, a 20 MP lens, uses a 1/2.78\" sensor with f/2.0 aperture, while the second, an 8 MP f/2.0 lens, captures depth information. Bokeh can be made with a combination of both lenses, and shots can",
"title": "Bokeh"
},
{
"id": "2591471",
"text": "of \"Vivo per lei\", as a duet with French singer Hélène Ségara. Released in December 1997, the song became a hit in Belgium (Wallonia) and France, where it reached No. 1 on the charts. To date, it is the best-selling single for Ségara, and the second for Bocelli after \"Time to Say Goodbye\". On 3 March, he appeared in Hamburg, Germany, with Sarah Brightman to receive the ECHO music award for \"Best Single of the Year\". In the summer of 1997 he gave 22 open-air concerts in Germany, and an indoor concert in Oberhausen on 31 August. In September, he",
"title": "Andrea Bocelli"
},
{
"id": "15486320",
"text": "for \"Use of Educational Technology\". Vivo Class Vivo Class (formerly Vivo Miles) is a private company based in London, UK that sells a web-based rewards system to schools. Founded in 2007, it was first used at Westminster Academy in London. In August 2014, Vivo Miles was rebranded as Vivo Class for teachers. Rewards systems are implemented in schools to praise students for positive actions, stimulating a voluntary and progressive improvement in their behaviour and increasing their motivation towards the achievement of academic objectives. Vivo Miles is a system of extrinsic rewards based on the principles of the Token economy and",
"title": "Vivo Class"
},
{
"id": "15093911",
"text": "made for airing during the Super Bowl was leaked on several websites. On February 6, 2011, the device was officially announced with the broadcast of the version of this ad. On February 13, 2011 more details were released by Sony Ericsson. The phone was initially announced as having a March 2011 release timeframe. However, the final release date slipped into April 1, 2011, when the device was released in the UK, Ireland and Spain. On April 28, 2011, it was launched in Canada, exclusively to Rogers. The US launch was officially scheduled for Spring 2011, and while a time frame",
"title": "Xperia Play"
},
{
"id": "20899018",
"text": "Xiaomi Pocophone F1 The Xiaomi Pocophone F1 (Xiaomi Poco F1 in India) is a smartphone developed by Xiaomi Inc, announced on 22 August 2018 in New Delhi, India. It is part of Xiaomi's all-new smartphone line of mid-range devices delivering flagship specifications at a much lower price than some other competitors. This device is available globally in limited numbers, but in India it has broader availability. The Pocophone F1 runs on a Snapdragon 845 (10 nm) processor. It features a 6.18\" IPS LCD capacitive touchscreen screen with an aspect ratio of 18.7:9 and a resolution of 1080 x 2246 pixels.",
"title": "Xiaomi Pocophone F1"
},
{
"id": "14484343",
"text": "and developed in response to consumer demand for a full QWERTY keypad layout device from INQ. The phone debuted on 30 November 2009 in Italy, with a Sweden launch shortly after on 7 December 2009. The INQ Chat 3G had a simultaneous UK and Hong Kong launch, on 11 December, 2009. It was later released in Singapore on 22 December 2009, and in India on 16 March 2010. The mobile phone has also been released in Australia on 2 July and in Canada on 27 July. The phone features a red and black colour scheme, a full QWERTY keypad, a",
"title": "INQ Chat 3G"
},
{
"id": "4058981",
"text": "Vivo Software Vivo Software was a pioneer internet streaming media company which was acquired by RealNetworks in March 1998. Vivo Software designed the \"Vivo Video/Audio platform\", including its encoding tools and end-user \"VivoActive Player\". The Vivo format, obsolete today, was one of the first to be designed and used for internet streaming. The Vivo platform was a well-known player when streaming media was in its infancy and was deployed mainly on erotic sites during the mid-1990s. Since then RealPlayer, QuickTime and Windows Media have evolved as the dominant platforms. The development of Vivo ceased in 1997 to be replaced by",
"title": "Vivo Software"
},
{
"id": "17957074",
"text": "to open 25 official walk-in service centres across India. In August 2015, nearly 18 months after its release, the One was officially released in the United Arab Emirates exclusively through a local online retailer souq.com. Customers can purchase the phone without the need of an invite. Sales of the OnePlus One in India were temporarily halted following a temporary injunction granted to Micromax Mobile, alleging that the sale of the device in India violated its exclusive rights to distribute Cyanogen-branded products in South Asia—an agreement announced in November 2014 as part of a new joint venture, YU, and that its",
"title": "OnePlus One"
},
{
"id": "12177041",
"text": "that its new mobile phone, with its sophisticated design and distinguished functionality, would help it do just that. Samsung was granted the \"Best Manufacturer\" award twice by the Mobile News Awards, an award that was previously given to Nokia and Ericsson. Samsung introduced its first mobile phone to India in 2004. In 2008, Samsung Electronics' Telecommunication Business declared its new business strategy focusing on consumer and marketing. Samsung mobile phones are divided into 6 major categories – Style, Infotainment, Multimedia, Connected, Essential and Business. The SGH-P250 and SGH-J165 were the last phone models sold worldwide, outside North America, that used",
"title": "Samsung Telecommunications"
},
{
"id": "18596829",
"text": "Spice Dream Uno The Spice Dream Uno is a mobile phone co-developed by Google as a part of its Android One initiative. The initiative is headed by Sundar Pichai in an effort to provide affordable, yet feature-rich smartphones to developing nations. India is the first country to promote and sell the phone, which was first made available on September 10, 2014 through Flipkart for online customers. A few months later the smartphone was made available on Amazon, Saholic, Snapdeal and at some retail outlets in India such as \"Mobile Store\" and \"Spice Hotspot\". The phone shares the same features as",
"title": "Spice Dream Uno"
},
{
"id": "6756843",
"text": "the company's main Android app and allows videos to be downloaded and shared with other users. It also allows users to preview videos, share downloaded videos through Bluetooth, and offers more options for mobile data control and video resolution. YouTube announced the project in September 2016 at an event in India. It was launched in India in February 2017, and expanded in November 2017 to 14 other countries, including Nigeria, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Kenya, and South Africa. It was rolled out in 130 countries worldwide, including Brazil, Mexico, Turkey, and Iraq on February 1, 2018. The app",
"title": "YouTube"
},
{
"id": "20720851",
"text": "in Bangladesh. It is the first of several planned for the region. On 25 May, Xiaomi released Mi Max 2. On 26 August, new MIUI v9 alongside Mi 5x has been released. On 31 August, Xiaomi opened its first flagship Mi Store in Faisalabad, Pakistan. On 5 September Xiaomi released Mi A1, which is the first Android One smartphone under the slogan: Created by Xiaomi, Powered by Google. In the event key note Xiaomi stated they started working with Google for the Mi A1 Android One smartphone almost six months ago. An alternate version of the phone is also available",
"title": "History of Xiaomi"
},
{
"id": "17511182",
"text": "ZTE Open The ZTE Open is an entry-level smartphone released by ZTE in July 2013. It is intended for software developers wanting to build and test mobile applications on Firefox OS, though it was sold commercially in Spain. ZTE Open was launched in India in October 2013, in collaboration with eBay India (eBay.in). The device is not freely available in that the vendor requires a PayPal account. The phone can be rooted by exploiting a known security vulnerability, CVE-2012-4220 a.k.a. Qualcomm DIAG root. This vulnerability was discovered 7 months before the ZTE Open was released. The vulnerability in question can",
"title": "ZTE Open"
},
{
"id": "12070262",
"text": "Spanish singles chart in 1996 under the title \"Vivo por ella\" and is available on her album \"One Step Closer\". The version with Ségara was released in December 1997 and became a hit in Belgium (Wallonia) and France where it reached number one on the charts. It was the fifth single from Ségara's first studio album, \"Cœur de verre\". The version with Judy Weiss was also number one in Switzerland in 1997. The song in Italian was originally written by the group O.R.O. (Manzani – Mengalli – Zelli) in 1995 for their album \"Vivo per...\". The song won the \"Disco",
"title": "Vivo per lei"
},
{
"id": "19897258",
"text": "VIVO (software) VIVO is a web-based, open-source suite of computer software for managing data about researchers, scientists, and faculty members. VIVO uses Semantic Web techniques to represent people and their work. As of 2017, it is used by several universities and the United States Department of Agriculture. The Cornell University Library originally created VIVO in 2003 as a \"virtual life sciences community\". In 2009, the National Institutes of Health awarded a $12.2 million grant to Cornell, University of Florida, Indiana University, Ponce School of Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Washington University, and Weill Cornell Medical College to expand the tool",
"title": "VIVO (software)"
},
{
"id": "18391304",
"text": "the IPL, terminating a five-year deal which was to end in 2017. Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo was awarded the title sponsorship for the 2016 and 2017 seasons. In November 2015, the BCCI shortlisted nine cities for the new franchises to be based in, leaving out Jaipur (home of Rajasthan Royals) and Kochi (home of the now defunct Kochi Tuskers Kerala) for unknown reasons. The nine cities shortlisted were: Chennai, Cuttack, Dharamshala, Indore, Nagpur, Pune, Rajkot, Ranchi and Visakhapatnam. The new franchises were allocated using a reverse auction process, with companies which bid the lowest share of the central revenue pool",
"title": "2016 Indian Premier League"
},
{
"id": "15488813",
"text": "album were released. Promotions for \"Mr. BangBang\" began on \"M! Countdown\" the following day. Promotions for \"Mr. BangBang\" ended on the July 28, 2012, broadcast of \"Music Core\". Dal Shabet confirmed they will be making their comeback sometime in November. On October 24, 2012, the members of Dal Shabet were selected to be the main models of the Chinese smartphone brand 'VIVO'. On November 13, 2012, Dal Shabet's fifth EP, \"Have, Don't Have\", was digitally and physically released. The music video for its title track of the same name was released shortly after. A second version of the music video",
"title": "Dal Shabet"
},
{
"id": "17511183",
"text": "be used to modify system files, but it cannot be used to unlock the locked bootloader. ZTE Open The ZTE Open is an entry-level smartphone released by ZTE in July 2013. It is intended for software developers wanting to build and test mobile applications on Firefox OS, though it was sold commercially in Spain. ZTE Open was launched in India in October 2013, in collaboration with eBay India (eBay.in). The device is not freely available in that the vendor requires a PayPal account. The phone can be rooted by exploiting a known security vulnerability, CVE-2012-4220 a.k.a. Qualcomm DIAG root. This",
"title": "ZTE Open"
},
{
"id": "6439886",
"text": "WorldTel WorldTel Limited was established in January 1995 as part of an International Telecommunications Union initiative to help mobilize development of the telecommunications sector in developing countries. The primary catalyst for its creation was a McKinsey & Co. report recommending creation of a separate company for this purpose. Sam Pitroda, who developed the telecommunications services in India, became its first chairman in May 1995. In 1996, $10 million of financing was announced, along with plans for 50 million telephone lines. WorldTel UK was awarded a 2001 license for services in Bangladesh. In 2004 Swedtel, based in Stockholm, was purchased by",
"title": "WorldTel"
},
{
"id": "12070270",
"text": "in the top 50 and 42 weeks in the top 100. It was certified Platinum by the SNEP. In Belgium (Wallonia), the single debuted at number 18 on 20 December and achieved number one in its sixth week and stayed there for five weeks, then dropped and fell off the top ten after 15 weeks and the top 40 after 28 weeks. To date, it is the best-selling single for Ségara, and the second one for Bocelli (the first is \"Con te partirò\"). In Switzerland, the version with Judy Weiss entered the chart at number six on 27 April 1997.",
"title": "Vivo per lei"
},
{
"id": "12453686",
"text": "Savivo Savivo is a Danish e-learning company based in Copenhagen. The company was founded in 2006, and is known for their educational games, which has millions of users around the world. Savivo started out developing content for web browsers, and has since embraced smartphones and tablets running on Android and iOS. Savivo was founded in 2006 by company CEO Stephan Stephensen. The name itself reflects the philosophy of the company. Savivo is a portmanteau of the words savvy and vivo, the Spanish word for life. The company's first project was the first educational game, Mingoville English, which purpose is to",
"title": "Savivo"
},
{
"id": "20720846",
"text": "expansion outside China, with their first international headquarters in Singapore. Future product launches and activities in the region will be set up there. Following Singapore, the company opened in Malaysia, Philippines and India, and plans to enter Indonesia, Thailand, Russia, Turkey, Brazil and Mexico in the following months. On 21 February 2014 Xiaomi's Redmi and Mi 3 phone were released in Singapore. The Xiaomi Mi 3 batches were sold out within 2 minutes of the opening day sale in Singapore. On 17 March 2014, Redmi Note phablet was announced by Xiaomi CEO Lei Jun. In April 2014 Xiaomi purchased the",
"title": "History of Xiaomi"
},
{
"id": "2643306",
"text": "resigned in September 2010 tweeting \"5 days before I leave Vodafone. Freedom beckons.\" In February 2010, Vodafone launched the world's cheapest mobile phone known as Vodafone 150, intended to sell for below $15 (£10) in the developing world. It was initially launched in India, Turkey and eight African countries including Lesotho, Kenya and Ghana. In March 2007, Safaricom, which is part owned by Vodafone and the leading mobile communication provider in Kenya, launched a mobile payment solution developed by Vodafone. By February 2008, the M-PESA money transfer system in Kenya had gained 1.6 million customers. By 2011 there were fourteen",
"title": "Vodafone"
},
{
"id": "10022546",
"text": "than 90% of Indian households. At present it's available in English, Telugu, Hindi & Tamil languages. The channel launched on March 1, 2007 in Europe, and now reaches up to 10.5 million homes in the UK via subscription providers Sky and Virgin Media. In Ireland it has more than 500,000 viewers on its UPC Ireland service and Sky Digital. The channel launched in the United States on March 29, 2010, replacing Fox Reality Channel. Providers that carried it at launch included Time Warner Cable, Comcast, Cox Communications, Verizon Fios and AT&T U-verse. Dish Network did not reach a carriage agreement",
"title": "Nat Geo Wild"
},
{
"id": "20720852",
"text": "with MIUI and is known as MI 5X. In September Xiaomi released Mi MIX 2 In October, the EU's first Mi Store has been opened in Athens, Greece. On 7 November, Xiaomi started operating in Spain, making available the Mi A1 and Mi Mix 2 smartphones. In Q3 2017, Xiaomi overtook Samsung to become the number one smartphone brand in India. Xiaomi has sold 9.2 million units during this period. On 20 February, Xiaomi opened their first Mi Store in the Philippines. In March 2018, at China's annual legislative session in Beijing, Xiaomi CEO Lei Jun announced that Xiaomi has",
"title": "History of Xiaomi"
},
{
"id": "20899022",
"text": "version of Android 9.0 Pie. It has a powerful 4000 mAh Li-Po battery which is among the best in its class. The battery is ″Quick Charge™ 3.0″ type developed by Qualcomm where charging (USB Type-C port) is vastly superior to standard USB. It has 94 h of endurance as tested by GSMarena. Since it was announced in August 2018, it instantly became Xiaomi's bestseller with 700,000 units sold until 6 December 2018. It was the top rated smartphone of Q3 2018 in India. In October 2018, it was announced that Xiaomi would be bringing the Pocophone to South Korea. It",
"title": "Xiaomi Pocophone F1"
},
{
"id": "18028081",
"text": "launch. Hike's founder is Kavin Bharti Mittal. Launched on 12 December 2012, Hike attained 15 million users in February 2014. Over the next few months, the application introduced free text messaging across India, chat themes, updated stickers, hidden chats and revamped user interface. In August 2014, Hike reached 35 million users. Hike made its first acquisition in 2015, buying free voice-calling company Zip Phones, which allowed it to launch free app based calling services that are emerging as a key draw for users. Later in 2015, Hike also integrated the brands TinyMogul and Hoppr under its own brand name. In",
"title": "Hike Messenger"
},
{
"id": "3828191",
"text": "1999 release \"Vivo\". The album was moderately successful, certified Gold in Mexico and Platinum in the United States and Argentina. It produced the hit \"Desnuda\", which became his first No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Songs chart. As of December 2005, \"Vivo\" had sold 243,000 copies in the United States, his best-selling album there as of that date. Arjona's eighth studio album, \"Galería Caribe\" was preceded by the single \"Cuándo\", which became a commercial success and reached No. 1 on both Top Latin Songs and Latin Pop Songs. The singer commented that the album consumed twelve months and that",
"title": "Ricardo Arjona"
},
{
"id": "18224286",
"text": "mm. In January 2013, Asus officially ended production of its Eee PC series due to declining sales caused by consumers increasingly switching to tablets and Ultrabooks. Asus has its headquarters in Beitou District, Taipei, Taiwan. Asus operates around 50 service sites across 32 countries and has over 400 service partners worldwide. Asus' products include 2-in-1s, laptops, tablet computers, desktop computers, smartphones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), servers, computer monitors, motherboards, graphics cards, sound cards, DVD disc drives, computer networking devices, computer cases, computer components and computer cooling systems. One of Asus main lineup is the Vivo lineup consisting of laptops (VivoBooks),",
"title": "Asus"
},
{
"id": "10802652",
"text": "Reliance number in Pune, while 011-20000198 is an MTNL fixed line in Delhi and 033-45229320 is a fixed-line Airtel number in Kolkata, and 07582-221434 is a BSNL number from Sagar, Madhya Pradesh. No prefix is required to call from one landline to another in the same STD area. A prefix of \"0+STD code\" is required to dial from a landline phone in one STD code area to another. A prefix of \"0+STD code\" is required to dial from a mobile phone in India to any landline number, irrespective of STD area. For example, to dial a landline number in Indore,",
"title": "Telephone numbers in India"
},
{
"id": "17809590",
"text": "4K ( February 2016 ) XOLO Era X ( February 2016 ) XOLO Era 2 ( October 2016 ) XOLO Era 1X ( September 2016 ) XOLO Era 2X ( January 2017 ) XOLO ERA 2V ( OCTOBER 2017) XOLO ERA 3 (OCTOBER 2017) XOLO ERA 3X (OCTOBER 2017) XOLO Black ( July 2015 ) XOLO Black 1X ( October 2015 ) (20 In 2013, XOLO signed Bollywood actor Ayushmann Khurrana to endorse its various products. In 2014, XOLO signed Irrfan khan as its brand ambassador. Xolo (company) XOLO is a Indian mobile device brand based out of Noida, India.",
"title": "Xolo (company)"
},
{
"id": "14834198",
"text": "and heavily populated India, and in the last two decades of the century in Africa. By the end of the century, the British Empire controlled a fifth of the world's land and one quarter of the world's population. During the post-Napoleonic era, it enforced what became known as the Pax Britannica, which had ushered in unprecedented globalization and economic integration on a massive scale. The first electronics appeared in the 19th century, with the introduction of the electric relay in 1835, the telegraph and its Morse code protocol in 1837, the first telephone call in 1876, and the first functional",
"title": "19th century"
},
{
"id": "14367615",
"text": "DreamWorks announced that production for the sequel was cancelled. According to reports, there had been doubts about proceeding with the project before Universal's acquisition of DreamWorks, and it was DreamWorks' decision to cancel the film. However, in September 2017, DreamWorks and Universal revealed that the movie was back in production with a release date scheduled for September 18, 2020. It was also confirmed that the original actors would reprise their roles. However, DeMicco, the co-director of the first film, won't be returning as he is directing \"Vivo\" for Sony Pictures Animation. In October 2017, it was reported that Joel Crawford",
"title": "The Croods"
},
{
"id": "16970272",
"text": "Jalsha Movies Star Jalsha Movies () is a Bengali language movie channel operated by STAR India. STAR India launched the 24-hour channel on 16 December 2012, after their earlier Bengali-language channel, Star Jalsha, was well received. The Channel launched its HD feed on 14 April 2016. Catch the Latest season of Vivo IPL exclusively on Jalsha Movies from 7 April onwards. This is a list of top two Bangla movie channels in India as per Broadcast Audience Research Council (BARC) ratings. Star India's earlier television channel, Star Jalsha (launched in September 2008), was well received, prompting the network to launch",
"title": "Jalsha Movies"
},
{
"id": "17669236",
"text": "users can customize the phone, instead of the Moto X's sealed back that is held on with an adhesive. The original Moto G did not support LTE, due to the standard's lack of adoption in emerging markets. On 13 May 2014, Motorola unveiled an updated variant of the phone, the Moto G LTE, which added LTE support, a gyroscope, and a MicroSD card slot which is compatible with cards up to 32 GB. By January 2015 the Android Lollipop 5.0.2 OTA update started rolling out and in September 2015, version 5.1 rolled out in India. As of March 2015, Motorola",
"title": "Moto G (1st generation)"
},
{
"id": "20688949",
"text": "she has starring in her second film \"Bella & Me\", a fancy romance movie, directed by May Barani, film released in May 2017. Alice was appointed as brand ambassador for Canal+ Myanmar of Cha Tate Channel and Pu Tu Tue Channel in 2017. She also brand model for Vivo smartphone in 2018. Alice Ong Alice Ong (; born Cho Cho on 8 August 1994) is a Burmese actress, beauty pageant title holder and commercial model of Shan-Chinese descent. She is best known for her lead roles in the movies \"Dimensions\" (2018) and \"Bella & Me\" (2017). Alice was born on",
"title": "Alice Ong"
},
{
"id": "15339606",
"text": "many admirers. Advertisements featuring the pug were continued by Vodafone even after rebranding. The brand subsequently introduced ZooZoos which gained even higher popularity than was created by the Pug. Vodafone's creative agency is O&M while Harit Nagpal was the Marketing Director during the various phases of its brand evolution. In July 2011, Vodafone Group bought the mobile phone business of its partner Essar for $5.46 billion. This meant Vodafone owns 74% of Essar. On 11 February 2007, Vodafone agreed to acquire the controlling interest of 67% held by Li Ka Shing Holdings in Hutch-Essar for US$11.1 billion, pipping Reliance Communications,",
"title": "Vodafone India"
},
{
"id": "10802516",
"text": "can be reached by dialing either 03XZ-YYYYYYY or '0092-3XZ-YYYYYYY' or '+92-3XZ-YYYYYYY' from any mobile device or land line. In order to dial a land line number from a mobile phone in Pakistan, city code is required in all cases. However, city code is not required between land line calls within the same city. For instance, to call a land line number 'YYYYYYY' from another land line in the same city, dial only 'YYYYYYY'. However, to call this number from another land line in another city or from a mobile phone anywhere (same city or another city), dial '(0XX)-YYYYYYY'. Telephone numbers",
"title": "Telephone numbers in Pakistan"
},
{
"id": "19028199",
"text": "operating systems. 360 OS boasts features like Icebox to freeze unused apps, deep cleaning to clear hidden third party software and an enhanced performance mode that optimizes device performance basis usage. QiKU launched Coolpad's Dazen brand of phones earlier this June - Dazen 1, and Dazen X7, running an indigenous interface in the 360 OS. The phones were launched via India’s leading e-commerce giant Snapdeal. The Dazen 1 soon became the top selling handset on Snapdeal, shipping over 100,000 phones in India. On August 26, 2015, QiKU launched two new smartphones – QiKU Terra and QiKU Luna in China. They",
"title": "QiKU"
},
{
"id": "191191",
"text": "telephone exchange in India. The permission was refused on the grounds that the establishment of telephones was a Government monopoly and that the Government itself would undertake the work. In 1881, the Government later reversed its earlier decision and a licence was granted to the Oriental Telephone Company Limited of England for opening telephone exchanges at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras and Ahmedabad and the first formal telephone service was established in the country. On 28 January 1882, Major E. Baring, Member of the Governor General of India's Council declared open the Telephone Exchanges in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. The exchange in",
"title": "Telecommunications in India"
},
{
"id": "20899023",
"text": "was released in November 19th, 2018. Pocophone F1 received very positive reviews. It is commonly mentioned as a flagship smartphone at a bargain price. Among the pros are a good camera and a strong battery. Xiaomi Pocophone F1 The Xiaomi Pocophone F1 (Xiaomi Poco F1 in India) is a smartphone developed by Xiaomi Inc, announced on 22 August 2018 in New Delhi, India. It is part of Xiaomi's all-new smartphone line of mid-range devices delivering flagship specifications at a much lower price than some other competitors. This device is available globally in limited numbers, but in India it has broader",
"title": "Xiaomi Pocophone F1"
},
{
"id": "17809589",
"text": "India's largest online marketplace, Flipkart. XOLO Era series was launched in July 2015 in exclusive partnership with Snapdeal. XOLO manufactures smartphones in two series - Era and Black. Company has gone online only and phones are available only on marketplaces like Snapdeal, Flipkart and Amazon . Era series phones are in the price range of Rs. 5000 to Rs. 10,000 whereas Black series phones are above Rs. 10,000. The latest devices are era 1X pro and era 2x XOLO Era ( July 2015 ) XOLO Era HD ( October 2015 ) XOLO Era 4G ( February 2016 ) XOLO Era",
"title": "Xolo (company)"
},
{
"id": "18066568",
"text": "Ghatkopar metro station Ghatkopar (known as \"Vivo Ghatkopar\" for sponsorship reasons) is a metro station and the eastern terminus of Line 1 of the Mumbai Metro serving the Ghatkopar suburb of Mumbai, India. It was opened to the public on 8 June 2014. Ghatkopar is the busiest station on Line 1, with a daily passenger traffic of 94,053 in February 2017. The Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA) acquired a 1,400 square metre plot near the Ghatkopar railway station for construction of the Ghatkopar metro station. The MMRDA initially believed that the land belonged to the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC).",
"title": "Ghatkopar metro station"
},
{
"id": "16727213",
"text": "platform, supports up to five separate address books, and is able to store personalisation data for up to five separate SIM cards. The phone also comes with the Solitaire game. In emerging markets, the phone came with Nokia Life Tools, and with Nokia Money in India. Nokia 100 is available in a number of languages depending on which territory it is marketed for. Models sold in South Asia support at least twelve languages: English, Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, Tamil, Bengali, Telugu, Punjabi, Kannada, Malayalam, Assamese and Odia. Nokia 100 Nokia 100 is a basic 2G feature phone released by Nokia on",
"title": "Nokia 100"
},
{
"id": "1412282",
"text": "Crorepati\" for the promotion of his film \"Dhoom 3\". In early 2016, following the intolerance controversy, he made an appearance on \"Aap Ki Adalat\", where he clarified his remarks and views. In 2017, he was the subject of an episode of the Al Jazeera documentary series \"Witness\" entitled \"The Snake Charmer\", focusing on his work on \"Satyamev Jayate\" as well as \"Dangal\". Aamir has also done many brand endorsements like Titan watches, Snapdeal, Coca-Cola, Tata Sky, Samsung, Godrej, etc. He is currently endorsing Vivo. Aamir is said to be one of the costliest when it comes to brand endorsements, but",
"title": "Aamir Khan"
},
{
"id": "18391300",
"text": "2016 Indian Premier League The 2016 season of the Indian Premier League, also known as IPL 9, and branded as Vivo IPL 2016 for sponsorship reasons, was the ninth season of the IPL, a professional Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The season began on 9 April 2016, and concluded on 29 May 2016 with the playing of the finals match between Royal Challengers Bangalore and Sunrisers Hyderabad at M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore. The 2016 season was the first IPL season to use LED stumps. Following the suspension of",
"title": "2016 Indian Premier League"
},
{
"id": "20825011",
"text": "the Chinese microblogging website Weibo. He said that in the future, the Realme brand will focus on providing mobile phones that integrate strong performance and stylish design, bringing young people a joyful life featuring affordable \"technology\" and \"beauty\". Realme launched its first product, \"Realme 1\" exclusively to the Indian market in May 2018. As Realme targets the global market, it will continue to expand its reach geographically, with potential markets in Southeast Asia. Realme plans a debut in Indonesia first in the region. Realme's first smartphone product, Realme 1 (Also Called As Oppo F7 Youth Globally), launched in India in",
"title": "Realme"
},
{
"id": "13553700",
"text": "launch 3G services in India. Tata DOCOMO had about 49.0 million users at the end of March 2017. In April 2011, Tata DOCOMO signed Bollywood actor Ranbir Kapoor as its brand ambassador on a three-year contract, now the contract is expired. For the southern states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, actors Vijay and Ram Charan are the brand ambassadors respectively. In October 2017, Bharti Airtel announced its acquisition of Tata DoCoMo having roughly 40 million subscribers. Virgin Mobile India Limited was a cellular telephone service provider company, operated as a joint venture between Tata Teleservices and Richard Branson's Virgin",
"title": "Tata DoCoMo"
},
{
"id": "20979845",
"text": "10.Or 10.Or often pronounced as (Tenor) is a Chinese mobile company. The company was founded by Huaqin Telecom Technology Co. Ltd, in 2005, the company is headquartered in Shanghai, China with branches in Xi’an, Dongguan, Shenzhen and Hong Kong. In 2017 the smartphone company has made a debut in India with 10.or E smartphone is sold exclusive to Amazon India. Till 2018 the company launched only 3 models. The company launched its first phone in India in 2017 with the model 10.or E with 2 variants and its become hit among young generations being a low budget phone with some",
"title": "10.Or"
},
{
"id": "10485288",
"text": "the United States. \"Y\" was released as the album's second single on 14 November 2000 and peaked at number eight on the Hot Latin Songs chart. The live renditions of \"Quiero\" and \"Cómo Es Posible Que a Mi Lado\" were also released as a promo single in Colombia in 2001. After its release, \"Vivo\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. AllMusic reviewer Perry Seibert gave the video album two out of five stars and criticized its lack of subtitles, closed captions, and supplemental materials, but stated that it should not \"dissuade fans of Latino music from checking out this",
"title": "Vivo (Luis Miguel album)"
},
{
"id": "20016228",
"text": "Festival 2013 and Elena Cotta won the Coppa Volpi for \"Best Actress\". Always in 2013 \"Sangue\" by Pippo Delbono was selected in the Official Competition of Locarno International Film Festival and \"Wolf\", a documentary film by Claudio Giovannesi, was in competition at the 31° edition of the Torino Film Festival in the section TFF/DOC Italiana.doc and won the Jury Award. \"The Lack\" by Masbedo was world premiered in the Venice Days section of the 2014 Venice Film Festival. In February 2015 \"Sworn Virgin\" by Laura Bispuri had its world premiere in competition at the Berlinale, then it started a long",
"title": "Vivo film"
},
{
"id": "20024360",
"text": "more year of support for all its android devices. Oreo beta was available for Nokia 3 from February 26, 2018. Final Oreo release for Nokia 3 came on April 12, 2018. It was announced on 26 February 2017, a day before Mobile World Congress started, along with the higher-end Nokia 6 (global variant), lower-end Nokia 5, and a new version of the Nokia 3310. The Nokia 3 was released in India on 13 June 2017. It was released in United Kingdom on 12 July 2017. Nokia 3 Nokia 3 is a Nokia-branded budget Android smartphone from the Finnish company, HMD",
"title": "Nokia 3"
},
{
"id": "1439731",
"text": "16%. In Q4 2014, Apple had a 20.4% share and Samsung had 19.9%. In Q2 2016, Samsung had a 22.3% share and Apple had 12.9%. In Q1 2017, IDC reported that Samsung was first placed, with 80 million units, followed by Apple with 50.8 million, Huawei with 34.6 million, Oppo with 25.5 million and Vivo with 22.7 million. Samsung's mobile business is half the size of Apple's, by revenue. Apple business has been increasing very rapidly over the past 4 years. A 2012 University of Southern California study found that unprotected adolescent sexual activity was more common among owners of",
"title": "Smartphone"
},
{
"id": "18975491",
"text": "Vivo Energy Vivo Energy plc, commonly referred to as Vivo Energy, is a downstream petroleum company with its headquarters in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It maintains subsidiaries and operations in 16 countries across Africa that encompass the supply, storage, distribution, and retail of a range of petroleum products. Vivo Energy is a Royal Dutch Shell licensee and operates in retail of Shell branded commercial fuels, liquefied petroleum gas and lubricants. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. Vivo Energy was established in 2011, as a partnership between Vitol Group,",
"title": "Vivo Energy"
},
{
"id": "20762160",
"text": "Oppo phones Oppo phones are smartphones produced by the Chinese company Oppo. They produce phones in their A series, Find series, F Series, N series and R series. Oppo also produces headphones and Blu-ray players under its Oppo Digital brand. The Oppo K-Series is the newest addition of smartphones under the brand, consisting of the Oppo K1 which was launched in October 2018. The Oppo F Series are selfie-centered devices in which OPPO used their tagline \"Selfie Expert\" On 3 August 2016, Oppo launched the F1s in India. The Oppo F1s is a selfie-centric phone which succeeds the Oppo F1.",
"title": "Oppo phones"
},
{
"id": "16897431",
"text": "that triples as a screen cover and stand. It has a shorter battery life than the original VivoTab (8 hours). This is the first small Windows 8.1 tablet from Asus, with a display size of 8 inches. It was announced in January 2014, and launched in February. It features an integrated Wacom digitizer stylus and is powered by a quad-core 1.8 GHz Intel Atom processor. Asus VivoTab VivoTab is a series of Microsoft Windows hybrid tablet computers designed by Asus. It is a sub-series of the Vivo series by Asus. The name is derived from the Latin word \"to live\"",
"title": "Asus VivoTab"
}
] | when did vivo launch its 1st phone in india |
[
"Jennifer Strange",
"Andy Warhol",
"Leah Betts",
"Anna Wood"
] | [
{
"id": "4041119",
"text": "Water intoxication Water intoxication, also known as water poisoning, hyperhydration, overhydration, or water toxemia is a potentially fatal disturbance in brain functions that results when the normal balance of electrolytes in the body is pushed outside safe limits by excessive water intake. Under normal circumstances, accidentally consuming too much water is exceptionally rare. Nearly all deaths related to water intoxication in normal individuals have resulted either from water-drinking contests, in which individuals attempt to consume large amounts of water, or from long bouts of exercise during which excessive amounts of fluid were consumed. In addition, water cure, a method of",
"title": "Water intoxication"
},
{
"id": "4041128",
"text": "cases, treatment consists of: Water intoxication Water intoxication, also known as water poisoning, hyperhydration, overhydration, or water toxemia is a potentially fatal disturbance in brain functions that results when the normal balance of electrolytes in the body is pushed outside safe limits by excessive water intake. Under normal circumstances, accidentally consuming too much water is exceptionally rare. Nearly all deaths related to water intoxication in normal individuals have resulted either from water-drinking contests, in which individuals attempt to consume large amounts of water, or from long bouts of exercise during which excessive amounts of fluid were consumed. In addition, water",
"title": "Water intoxication"
},
{
"id": "2277163",
"text": "Leah Betts Leah Sarah Betts (1 November 1977 – 16 November 1995) was a schoolgirl from Latchingdon in Essex, England. She is notable for the extensive media coverage that followed her death shortly after her 18th birthday. On 11 November, she took an ecstasy (MDMA) tablet, and then drank approximately 7 litres of water in a 90-minute period. Four hours later, she collapsed into a coma, from which she did not recover. The press reported that Betts' death was an example of the dangers of illegal drugs in general, and ecstasy in particular. Her mother, Dorothy May Betts, had died",
"title": "Leah Betts"
},
{
"id": "756621",
"text": "body water is called dehydration and will eventually lead to death by hypernatremia. Methods used in the management of dehydration include assisted drinking or oral rehydration therapy. An overconsumption of water can lead to water intoxication, which can dangerously dilute the concentration of salts in the body. Overhydration sometimes occurs among athletes and outdoor laborers, but it can also be a sign of disease or damage to the hypothalamus. A persistent desire to drink inordinate quantities of water is a psychological condition termed polydipsia. It is often accompanied by polyuria and may itself be a symptom of Diabetes mellitus or",
"title": "Drinking"
},
{
"id": "1358431",
"text": "son David died at the age of 14 after attempting to climb the spiked fence at his stepfather's parents' home and puncturing his femoral artery in the process. Schneider began drinking alcohol excessively after his death. However, Claude Pétin—a friend of hers—said that she no longer drank at the time of her own death. Schneider was found dead in her Paris apartment on 29 May 1982. The examining magistrate declared that she died from cardiac arrest. Pétin said that Schneider's cardiac arrest was due to a weakened heart caused by a kidney operation she had had months before. Her tombstone",
"title": "Romy Schneider"
},
{
"id": "1619589",
"text": "ref> Contaminated water is estimated to result in more than half a million deaths per year. Contaminated water together with lack of sanitation was estimated to cause about one percent of disability adjusted life years worldwide in 2010. Over 90% of deaths from diarrheal diseases in the developing world today occur in children under five years old. Malnutrition, especially protein-energy malnutrition, can decrease the children's resistance to infections, including water-related diarrheal diseases. Between 2000 and 2003, 769,000 children under five years old in sub-Saharan Africa died each year from diarrheal diseases. Only thirty-six percent of the population in the sub-Saharan",
"title": "Drinking water"
},
{
"id": "5770013",
"text": "state of normal body fluid volume, including blood volume, interstitial fluid volume, and intracellular fluid volume; hypovolemia and hypervolemia are imbalances. Water is necessary for all life on Earth. Humans can survive for 4 to 6 weeks without food but only for a few days without water. Profuse sweating can increase the need for electrolyte replacement. Water-electrolyte imbalance produces headache and fatigue if mild; illness if moderate, and sometimes even death if severe. For example, water intoxication (which results in hyponatremia), the process of consuming too much water too quickly, can be fatal. Deficits to body water result in volume",
"title": "Fluid balance"
},
{
"id": "4209136",
"text": "World War II by the Japanese. The Human Rights Watch organization reports that in the 2000s, security forces in Uganda sometimes forced a detainee to lie face up under an open water spigot. Water intoxication can result from drinking too much water. This has caused some fatalities over the years in fraternities in North America during initiation week. For example, a person was hazed to death by Chi Tau of Chico State (California) in 2005 via the forcing of pushups and the drinking of water from a bottle. Waterboarding refers to a technique involving water poured over the face or",
"title": "Water torture"
},
{
"id": "3888156",
"text": "support was turned off following the declaration that she was brain dead. The subsequent coroner's report determined that the cause of death was a cerebral edema caused by water intoxication (hyponatraemia) secondary to use of MDMA. Hyponatraemia occurs when excessive fluid consumption dilutes sodium levels in the blood supply, leading to water absorption in the body's cells. Absorption of too much water causes cell swelling, which in the brain can cause irreparable damage as the human skull leaves little room for expansion inside. The brain's functions are also disrupted by cell swelling, resulting in respiratory arrest among other symptoms. The",
"title": "Anna Wood (born 1980)"
},
{
"id": "11854611",
"text": "System Sciences, ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data, and IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. Motwani was found dead in his pool in the backyard of his Atherton home on June 5, 2009. The San Mateo County coroner, Robert Foucrault, ruled the death an accidental drowning. Toxicology tests showed that Motwani's blood alcohol content was 0.26 percent. He could not swim, but was planning on taking lessons, according to his friends. Motwani, and his wife Asha Jadeja Motwani, had two daughters named Naitri and Anya. After his death his family donated US$1.5 million in 2011, a building was",
"title": "Rajeev Motwani"
},
{
"id": "2967404",
"text": "a Newark, New Jersey newspaper that she \"felt like a has-been that never was.\" Dee's adult years were marked by poor health, and she became a self-described recluse. She battled anorexia nervosa, depression, and alcoholism for many years. She quit drinking altogether after being diagnosed with kidney failure in 2000, attributed to years of heavy drinking and smoking. Complications from kidney disease led to her death on February 20, 2005, at the Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center in Thousand Oaks, California at the age of 62. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Hollywood Hills. Dee's",
"title": "Sandra Dee"
},
{
"id": "1363117",
"text": "Dehydration In physiology, dehydration is a deficit of total body water, with an accompanying disruption of metabolic processes. It occurs when free water loss exceeds free water intake, usually due to exercise, disease, or high environmental temperature. Mild dehydration can also be caused by immersion diuresis, which may increase risk of decompression sickness in divers. Most people can tolerate a three to four percent decrease in total body water without difficulty or adverse health effects. A five to eight percent decrease can cause fatigue and dizziness. Loss of over ten percent of total body water can cause physical and mental",
"title": "Dehydration"
},
{
"id": "1716726",
"text": "acute drowning is hypoxemia and irreversible cerebral anoxia due to submersion in liquid. Drowning would be considered as a possible cause of death when the body was recovered from a body of water, or in close proximity to a fluid which could plausibly have caused drowning, or when found with the head immersed in a fluid. A medical diagnosis of death by drowning is generally made after other possible causes of death have been excluded by means of a complete autopsy and toxicology tests. Indications of drowning are seldom completely unambiguous, and may include bloody froth in the airway, water",
"title": "Drowning"
},
{
"id": "3888153",
"text": "Anna Wood (born 1980) Anna Victoria Wood (27 May 1980 – 24 October 1995) was an Australian teenager who died after collapsing into a coma due to water intoxication, after taking an ecstasy tablet at a rave in inner-city Sydney. Her death was initially considered to be the result of a contaminated tablet, but it was later determined that she had died from the effects of water intoxication secondary to use of MDMA. Wood's death was covered widely in the media and produced debate on drug use among adolescents. Wood had recently left Forest High School after completing Year 10",
"title": "Anna Wood (born 1980)"
},
{
"id": "9075143",
"text": "Fluid deprivation test A fluid or water deprivation test is a medical test which can be used to determine whether the patient has diabetes insipidus as opposed to other causes of polydipsia (a condition of excessive thirst that causes an excessive intake of water). The patient is required, for a prolonged period, to forgo intake of water completely, to determine the cause of the thirst. This test measures changes in body weight, urine output, and urine composition when fluids are withheld. Sometimes measuring blood levels of ADH (a synonym for vasopressin) during this test is also necessary. If there is",
"title": "Fluid deprivation test"
},
{
"id": "19673800",
"text": "percent water (like most living tissues), as well as small amounts of seawater and other provisions harvested from the ocean. His findings were challenged, but an alternative explanation was not given. A few years later, an American sailor and adventurer, William Willis (1893–1968), claimed to have drunk two cups of seawater and one cup of fresh per day for 70 days without ill effect when he lost part of his water supply. Salt poisoning Salt poisoning is an intoxication resulting from the excessive intake of sodium (usually as sodium chloride) in either solid form or in solution (saline water, including",
"title": "Salt poisoning"
},
{
"id": "462247",
"text": "consume and women ; pregnant women should increase intake to and breastfeeding women should get 3 liters (12 cups), since an especially large amount of fluid is lost during nursing. Also noted is that normally, about 20% of water intake comes from food, while the rest comes from drinking water and beverages (caffeinated included). Water is excreted from the body in multiple forms; through urine and feces, through sweating, and by exhalation of water vapor in the breath. With physical exertion and heat exposure, water loss will increase and daily fluid needs may increase as well. Humans require water with",
"title": "Water"
},
{
"id": "13457150",
"text": "\"Wonderful\". On January 4, 2001 after drinking too much Shochu, Vodka and Dom Perignon, Yuhnagi slept in a park located near her condominium and was frozen, eventually died of hypothermia, at the age of 17. She was not an alcoholic in medical terms, but some witnesses assumed that she in her later days would drink not for pleasure, as it seemed more like an obsession as if she was possessed by something. Her last name, Yuhnagi, meant \"evening calm\". Near the end of 2010, according to Natsuki Kato's column on the Nikkei BP magazine, several Kyushu-born fashion models, including Rena",
"title": "Yoshika Yuhnagi"
},
{
"id": "5482401",
"text": "which is worsened by alcohol. While Nathalie is in the bathroom, Kent takes it upon himself to grab a bottle of liquor from her husband George’s supply. The two whimsically frolic all night and the scene ends with them exhausted by the night’s activities. Come morning, Nathalie discovers Kent dead, apparently from alcohol poisoning. Panicked and terrified, Nathalie quickly stores Kent’s naked lifeless body in a food cellar under the floorboard. When George returns from his fishing trip, she tries her best to conceal the night’s events and act normal. As the two talk, George notices the loose floorboard that",
"title": "Head Above Water (film)"
},
{
"id": "7022092",
"text": "Nancy Crick Nancy Crick (1932 – 21 May 2002) was an Australian woman who committed suicide by drinking a solution of Nembutal, while surrounded by 21 voluntary euthanasia supporters and family. Nancy was supported in her decision by euthanasia activist Dr. Philip Nitschke. Nancy's death became highly politicised after her autopsy results were leaked to the media. This was because the autopsy showed that at that the time of her death, Nancy was 'cancer free' but had an inoperable bowel condition that may have been the cause of her suicide-inducing pain. Critics of her actions seized on this fact, equating",
"title": "Nancy Crick"
},
{
"id": "8983697",
"text": "hasn’t had in three years. One night, Josh is attacked and mauled by a mysterious assailant. Taking refuge at Adam's apartment before he dies, he begs Adam to make sure he is cremated within twenty-four hours, because vampires who die without cremation returns as emotionless zombies. After Josh dies, Adam and Nicky are joined by other members of the vampire community at a wooded ceremonial plot outside of Santa Cruz. Malcolm, the oldest living vampire, and the greatest hunter-tracker among them, says only another vampire could have killed Josh, and that a unit of the Taveen, a sort of royal",
"title": "Blood & Water"
},
{
"id": "1403947",
"text": "Bentley) and Suge (played by Anthony Norris) were depicted in the television film, \"Too Legit: The MC Hammer Story\" (airing on VH1 in 2001). The label shrank when Dr. Dre, frustrated with the company's increasingly thuggish reputation and Knight's violent inclinations, decided to leave and form his own label, Aftermath Entertainment. A stream of Dre-dissing records followed. Tupac Shakur was shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada on September 7, 1996, and died six days later on September 13. When Shakur's East Coast rival, The Notorious B.I.G. (AKA Biggie Smalls), was murdered in a similar drive-by",
"title": "Suge Knight"
},
{
"id": "20211841",
"text": "around his neck just before the wrestler lost consciousness, and did not perform CPR after he had stopped breathing. Jay Hancock, then public information officer for the Ocean City Police Department, subsequently wrote a rebuttal defending the actions of his department and also criticized the credibility of the witness who chose to speak out anonymously. An autopsy report from the Maryland Medical Examiner determined Caricofe had died as a result of heart disease combined with the ingestion of drugs and alcohol. A toxicology report found the presence of ephedrine, gamma hydroxybutyrate, anabolic steroids and ethanol in his system. They also",
"title": "Neil Superior"
},
{
"id": "2321742",
"text": "Shortly before her death in October 1983, Savitch also became known for her live broadcast of a short NBC News update in which her delivery was erratic and she appeared to be under the influence of drugs or alcohol. The incident caused widespread speculation that she was abusing drugs. She died three weeks later by drowning when a car in which she was a passenger accidentally drove into a canal during a heavy rainstorm. No drugs and very little alcohol were present in her system at the time of her death. Savitch was renowned for her audience appeal and her",
"title": "Jessica Savitch"
},
{
"id": "2499494",
"text": "time of her death, her past intravenous drug use contributed to her demise. Cole's son, along with her sisters, offered the following comment. \"Natalie fought a fierce, courageous battle, dying how she lived ... with dignity, strength and honor. Our beloved mother and sister will be greatly missed and remain unforgettable in our hearts forever.\" Cole's funeral was held on January 11, 2016, at the West Angeles Church of God in Christ in Los Angeles. David Foster, Stevie Wonder, Smokey Robinson, Lionel Richie, Chaka Khan, Eddie Levert, Mary Wilson, Gladys Knight, Ledisi, Jesse Jackson, Angela Bassett, Denise Nicholas, Marla Gibbs,",
"title": "Natalie Cole"
},
{
"id": "2277166",
"text": "death was actually not directly due to the consumption of ecstasy, but rather the result of the large quantity of water she had consumed, apparently in observation of an advisory warning commonly given to ravers to drink water to avoid dehydration resulting from the exertion of dancing continuously for hours. Leah had been at home with friends and had not been dancing, yet consumed about 7 litres (12 pints) of water in less than 90 minutes, resulting in water intoxication and hyponatremia, which in turn led to serious swelling of the brain, irreparably damaging it. However, the ecstasy tablet may",
"title": "Leah Betts"
},
{
"id": "14407241",
"text": "Aristotle of Mytilene Aristotle of Mytilene (or Aristoteles, ; fl. 2nd century) was a distinguished Peripatetic philosopher in the time of Galen. It has been argued that he was a teacher of Alexander of Aphrodisias. Galen (writing c. 190) referred to him as \"a leading figure in Peripatetic scholarship.\" According to Galen, Aristotle of Mytilene never drank cold water because it gave him spasms, but he was attacked with a disease in which it was thought necessary for him to take it. He drank the cold water and died. It was argued by Paul Moraux in 1967 that Aristotle of",
"title": "Aristotle of Mytilene"
},
{
"id": "462245",
"text": "and while exercising) it is dangerous to drink too little. People can drink far more water than necessary while exercising, however, putting them at risk of water intoxication (hyperhydration), which can be fatal. The popular claim that \"a person should consume eight glasses of water per day\" seems to have no real basis in science. Studies have shown that extra water intake, especially up to at mealtime was conducive to weight loss. Adequate fluid intake is helpful in preventing constipation. An original recommendation for water intake in 1945 by the Food and Nutrition Board of the United States National Research",
"title": "Water"
},
{
"id": "3140432",
"text": "photograph was widely circulated in the media. A photo of Betts in a coma in her hospital bed was also circulated in British media. Both teenagers died due to water intoxication as they drank too much water after ingesting ecstasy. Nancy Reagan's related efforts increased public awareness of drug use, but a direct relationship between reduced drug use and the Just Say No campaign cannot be established. Although the use and abuse of illegal recreational drugs significantly declined during the Reagan presidency, this may be a spurious correlation: a 2009 analysis of 20 controlled studies on enrollment in one of",
"title": "Just Say No"
},
{
"id": "20937773",
"text": "American life that wasn’t worth protecting. Michelle brought the matter to Senators Charles Grassley and Joni Ernst and thereafter President Trump for the implementation of Sarah’s Law. Sarah Rae-Anne Root Sarah Rae-Anne Root (May 1, 1994 – January 31, 2016) was killed by drunk driver Eswin Mejia who was illegally in the US at the time and is on the ICE Most Wanted List. His blood alcohol content was 0.241, three times the legal limit. The family’s outrage led to work with politicians to create the Sarah Law. As Mejia crossed the Honduras border illegally in 2013 Sarah’s mother Michelle",
"title": "Sarah Rae-Anne Root"
},
{
"id": "15507683",
"text": "Water purification in Africa Water purification in Africa could save many lives. Water pollution is a serious problem killing thousands of people in Africa every year. A child born in sub-Saharan Africa has a twenty-two percent risk of dying before the age of fifteen. More than a third of those casualties are babies who do not survive the first month of their lives. Drinking water is considered a leading culprit for disease. It is a big problem. Africans suffer from low birth weight due to the mother's malnutrition and lack of ability to obtain adequate nutrition for themselves. Children all",
"title": "Water purification in Africa"
},
{
"id": "648845",
"text": "six-year period in which Gotterba worked for Travolta's aircraft company, Alto. In 2017, Travolta was named in a criminal complaint by a masseur who accused the actor of sexual battery that reportedly took place in 2000. The masseur was aged 21 at the time. In 2009, Travolta's son, Jett, died at age 16 while on a Christmas vacation in the Bahamas. A Bahamian death certificate was issued, attributing the cause of death to a seizure. Jett, who had a history of seizures, reportedly suffered from Kawasaki disease at the age of two. Travolta confirmed speculation that his son had autism",
"title": "John Travolta"
},
{
"id": "743345",
"text": "1944), was 45 years his junior and a jockey who rode for Alfred G. Vanderbilt II and appeared on the cover of \"Sports Illustrated\" July 31, 1972. Astaire died of pneumonia on June 22, 1987, at the age of 88. Shortly before his death, Astaire said: \"I didn't want to leave this world without knowing who my descendant was, thank you Michael\"—referring to Michael Jackson. His body was buried at Oakwood Memorial Park Cemetery in Chatsworth, California. One of his last requests was to thank his fans for their years of support. Astaire's life has never been portrayed on film.",
"title": "Fred Astaire"
},
{
"id": "4208447",
"text": "\"intended to destroy my health so that they can murder me without spilling my blood\". During the years that he was imprisoned, his captors restricted his access to water, cut off his house's heat during the winter, and refused him access to medicine to treat his diabetes. He died in 1969 after being hospitalized for the severe malnutrition that he developed while under house arrest. He died soon after being admitted to hospital, after a glucose injection complicated his chronic diabetes. He was posthumously rehabilitated after Deng Xiaoping came to power in the late 1970s. A stadium in Changsha was",
"title": "He Long"
},
{
"id": "3286158",
"text": "his hotel room and he was pronounced dead at 33 years old shortly after. The coroner's report ruled that his death was accidental, and was attributed to the effects of Butler's heavy usage of \"purple drank\", a combination of codeine and promethazine, in conjunction with his pre-existing condition of sleep apnea. Pimp C, like many other Southern rappers, referred to purple drank many times in his music. Butler's body was transported back to his hometown of Port Arthur, Texas shortly after and his funeral was held at the Bob Bowers Civic Center in Port Arthur on December 13, 2007. Port",
"title": "Pimp C"
},
{
"id": "97997",
"text": "that have undergone an alcohol removal process such as non-alcoholic beers and de-alcoholized wines. When the human body becomes dehydrated, it experiences thirst. This craving of fluids results in an instinctive need to drink. Thirst is regulated by the hypothalamus in response to subtle changes in the body's electrolyte levels, and also as a result of changes in the volume of blood circulating. The complete elimination of drinks, that is, water, from the body will result in death faster than the removal of any other substance. Water and milk have been basic drinks throughout history. As water is essential for",
"title": "Drink"
},
{
"id": "19172504",
"text": "the derivation of kai-wan (or ban, a forest) in rustic belief. The actual cave of contemplation is shown in kaimuh and is about 10 feet deep. In his last days, he is claimed to have sustained life on one cup of milk daily. Finally, he reduced himself to water alone, and died at the age of 63, in the reign of sultan Zain-ul-Abidin, in 842 A. H. = 1438 A.C. Shams-ul-Arifin or 'the sun of the pious' is the chronogram which gives the date of his death. The Sultan accompanied his bier to the grave. The burial prayers were led",
"title": "Nund Rishi"
},
{
"id": "16127253",
"text": "be the most resourceful of the three; he knows enough to nourish himself by drinking blood from a rattlesnake. However, as Brian, Noelle, and Tyson grow increasingly desperate for water, Tyson foolishly tries to alleviate his thirst first by eating a cactus—which only makes him more thirsty—and then by drinking a pool of water that Noelle warns him is tainted with pathogens. Tyson dies in the middle of the night as a result. The next night, Brian and Noelle seek shelter in a cave, where they realize that they are dying of thirst. Motivated by Noelle's revelation that she is",
"title": "Thirst (2010 film)"
},
{
"id": "17370151",
"text": "Peoria County Coroner Johnna Ingersoll said that death was caused by alcohol and drug intoxication, not by the fall. The analysis showed that Ziegel had a blood alcohol level of .123 and a level of morphine indicating the presence of heroin was 540 ng/ml. None of these values are lethal in themselves. The cause of death, according to Ingersoll, was the combination of these substances. Coroner's jury acknowledged that Ziegel's death was accidental. Tyler Ziegel Tyler W. \"Ty\" Ziegel (October 16, 1982 – December 26, 2012) was a United States Marine Corps sergeant who suffered severe burns during the Iraq",
"title": "Tyler Ziegel"
},
{
"id": "2064108",
"text": "those rich in water, such as plants, raw meat, and fish. The amount of this water that is retained in animals is affected by several factors. Water amounts vary with the age of the animal. The older the vertebrate animal, the higher its relative bone mass and the lower its body water content. In diseased states, where body water is affected, the fluid compartment or compartments that have changed can give clues to the nature of the problem, or problems. Body water is regulated by hormones, including anti-diuretic hormone, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide. Volume contraction is a decrease in",
"title": "Body water"
},
{
"id": "15985845",
"text": "Death of Hank Williams Hiram King \"Hank\" Williams died on January 1, 1953. Williams was an American singer-songwriter and musician regarded as one of the most significant country music artists of all time. Williams was born with a mild undiagnosed case of spina bifida occulta, a disorder of the spinal column, which gave him lifelong pain—a factor in his later abuse of alcohol and drugs. In 1951, Williams fell during a hunting trip in Tennessee, reactivating his old back pains and causing him to be dependent on alcohol and prescription drugs. This addiction eventually led to his divorce from Audrey",
"title": "Death of Hank Williams"
},
{
"id": "165460",
"text": "normal respiration. Fatalities have been recorded, including a youth who suffocated in Vancouver in 2003 and two adults who suffocated in South Florida in 2006. In 1998, an Australian girl (her age is not known) from Victoria fell unconscious and temporarily turned blue after inhaling the entire contents of a party balloon. Inhaling helium directly from pressurized cylinders or even balloon filling valves is extremely dangerous, as high flow rate and pressure can result in barotrauma, fatally rupturing lung tissue. Death caused by helium is rare. The first media-recorded case was that of a 15-year-old girl from Texas who died",
"title": "Helium"
},
{
"id": "17028119",
"text": "María Belón María Belón (born 1966) is a Spanish physician and motivational speaker, known for surviving the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami when she was on vacation in Thailand with her husband Enrique (Quique) Álvarez and three sons Lucas, Simón and Tomás Álvarez. She was severely injured in the tsunami and nearly died. She was portrayed in the 2012 film \"The Impossible\" by Naomi Watts (with the name changed to Bennett), who received a Best Actress Academy Award nomination for her performance. The family's nationality was unspecified in the film. Belón now travels around the world as an advocate",
"title": "María Belón"
},
{
"id": "20819360",
"text": "Grandson (musician) Jordan Edward Benjamin, known professionally as Grandson (stylized as \"grandson\") is a Canadian-American musician. He is best known for his politically charged lyrics and music videos, and for his single \"Blood//Water\" which broke the Top 40 on multiple Billboard charts. He signed to RCA Records in 2017, and to Fueled by Ramen the following year. Benjamin was raised in Toronto, Canada, after being born in New Jersey. He attended Northern Secondary School (Toronto). Grandson's musical inspirations include Rage Against the Machine, Bob Marley, Ray Charles, John Lennon and Nirvana. He briefly studied at McGill University, transferring to Concordia",
"title": "Grandson (musician)"
},
{
"id": "3564716",
"text": "to TMZ, Neidhart's wife Ellie told investigators that on August 13, 2018, he was having problems sleeping and got out of bed to adjust the thermostat. As he went to touch it, he \"turned weirdly as if he were about to dance\", then fell against the wall and ground. She immediately dialed 911, believing he was having a seizure, something for which he took medication. He had a four-inch long gash on his face when EMTs arrived. He died at the scene at the age of 63. According to the Pasco County Sheriff's Office, the fall killed him. At the",
"title": "Jim Neidhart"
},
{
"id": "4041120",
"text": "torture in which the victim is forced to consume excessive amounts of water, can cause water intoxication. Water, just like any other substance, can be considered a poison when over-consumed in a specific period of time. Water intoxication mostly occurs when water is being consumed in a high quantity without adequate electrolyte intake. Excess of body water may also be a result of a medical condition or improper treatment; see \"hyponatremia\" for some examples. Water is considered one of the least toxic chemical compounds, with an LD of over 90 ml/kg in rats. It can be very easy for children",
"title": "Water intoxication"
},
{
"id": "8723186",
"text": "Sophia Mirza Sophia Mirza (1973–25 November 2005) was a person in the United Kingdom who died as a complication of chronic fatigue syndrome (also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis in the UK). An inquest was conducted to determine her cause of death, with the coroner ultimately recording it as acute renal failure due to dehydration, caused by CFS. Advocacy groups such as Invest in ME and the ME Association say that Mirza's inquest shows that CFS is a neurological illness. Mirza was born in the United Kingdom in 1973, one of four children to Irish/Asian parents. She visited Africa at the",
"title": "Sophia Mirza"
},
{
"id": "834556",
"text": "an argument with Wood before she disappeared. The autopsy found that Wood's blood alcohol content was 0.14% (the upper limit for driving a car legally was 0.10% in California at the time), and there were traces of two types of medication in her bloodstream: a motion-sickness pill and a painkiller, both of which increase the effects of alcohol. Following his investigation, Los Angeles County coroner Thomas Noguchi ruled her death an accident by drowning and hypothermia. According to Noguchi, Wood had been drinking and she may have slipped while trying to re-board the dinghy. Wood was buried in Westwood Village",
"title": "Natalie Wood"
},
{
"id": "597439",
"text": "She soon wobbled and collapsed to the ground, and was unconscious by the time the paramedics reached her. Lucero was admitted to Brigham and Women's Hospital and died two days later. Lucero's cause of death was determined to be hyponatremic encephalopathy, a condition that causes swelling of the brain due to an imbalance of sodium in the blood known as exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH). While EAH is sometimes referred to as \"water intoxication,\" Lucero drank large amounts of Gatorade during the race, demonstrating that runners who consume sodium-containing sports drinks in excess of thirst can still develop EAH. Because hyponatremia is",
"title": "Marathon"
},
{
"id": "20937772",
"text": "Sarah Rae-Anne Root Sarah Rae-Anne Root (May 1, 1994 – January 31, 2016) was killed by drunk driver Eswin Mejia who was illegally in the US at the time and is on the ICE Most Wanted List. His blood alcohol content was 0.241, three times the legal limit. The family’s outrage led to work with politicians to create the Sarah Law. As Mejia crossed the Honduras border illegally in 2013 Sarah’s mother Michelle became an advocate for changing the law on undocumented immigrants. In his Presidential acceptance speech, Donald Trump attacked Obama’s immigration policies referencing Root being “just one more",
"title": "Sarah Rae-Anne Root"
},
{
"id": "737344",
"text": "confirmation shortly after Petty's actual death Monday evening. While the official announcement said Petty collapsed early Monday morning, original reports claimed the incident happened Sunday night. On October 16, 2017, a memorial service was held at the Self-Realization Fellowship Lake Shrine in Pacific Palisades. On January 19, 2018, the Los Angeles County Department of Medical Examiner-Coroner announced that Petty had died accidentally from mixed drug toxicity, a combination of fentanyl, oxycodone, acetylfentanyl and despropionyl fentanyl (all opioids); temazepam and alprazolam (both sedatives); and citalopram (an antidepressant). In a statement on his official website, Petty's wife and daughter said he had",
"title": "Tom Petty"
},
{
"id": "9005631",
"text": "died of a codeine-promethazine-alcohol overdose on November 16, 2000, several months after the video to Three 6 Mafia's single debuted. Big Moe, a DJ Screw protégé whose albums \"City of Syrup\" and \"Purple World\" were based on the drink and who has been described as having \"rapped obsessively about the drug\", died at age 33 on October 14, 2007, after suffering a heart attack one week earlier that left him in a coma. There was speculation that purple drank may have contributed to his death. Pimp C, widely influential Port Arthur, Texas rapper and a member of rap duo UGK,",
"title": "Purple drank"
},
{
"id": "5482405",
"text": "“the blue liquor bottle” which Kent drank was in actuality not (ethyl) alcohol but methanol (methyl alcohol) which is poisonous. Kent’s heart problems along with the disguised powerful liquid drug led to his death. As the two leave each other in frustration over not having disposed of the body, Nathalie goes out for a swim. Coming back from her swim Nathalie notices Kent’s white linen suit resting on the porch of Lance’s house. Seeing her opportunity to do the right thing, she insists for the suit to which Lance happily agrees. Believing her troubles are over, Nathalie goes in search",
"title": "Head Above Water (film)"
},
{
"id": "260004",
"text": "cause of his death, according to Antonio López Alonso, a modern physician who has examined the surviving documentation, was type 2 diabetes, a result of a cirrhosis of the liver. This is the best explanation for the intense thirst he complained of. The cirrhosis was not caused by alcoholism; Cervantes was too productive, especially in his final years, to have been an alcoholic. For many years 23 April 1616 was shown as the date of his death in some references, and is still the date on which his death is widely commemorated (along with that of William Shakespeare, although the",
"title": "Miguel de Cervantes"
},
{
"id": "12267672",
"text": "swimming pool. Ishmeet Singh was staying at the Chaaya Island Dhonveli resort in Male. His family demanded an enquiry due to possible manslaughter as his accomplices watched him drown and the event management company may have failed to \"manage\" the event properly. Webnewswire conducted an in-depth investigation on his death and suggested that there was foul play. The Punjab government ordered a police probe. The final post-mortem report will not be released before the viscera results are received. Ishmeet's family have listed their concerns on the Ishmeet Singh Foundation website. His father, Gurpinder Singh, and uncle, Charan Kamal Singh, recently",
"title": "Ishmeet Singh"
},
{
"id": "4756763",
"text": "more. One night, he fell down the stairs. He was discovered the next morning on the floor by his housekeeper. He was rushed to the local hospital where pneumonia in one lung was treated effectively and efficiently, a fracture near his hip was repaired and he was diagnosed with brain damage. We were to learn he had Korsakoff's syndrome (an alcohol-related condition) and we decided to keep it private. Korsakoff's syndrome is a form of amnesia seen in chronic alcoholics; briefly stated, victims eat too little and drink too much. After his death, controversial Melbourne-based 3AW radio broadcaster Derryn Hinch",
"title": "Graham Kennedy"
},
{
"id": "10492803",
"text": "Death of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky On , nine days after the premiere of his Sixth Symphony, the \"Pathétique\", Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky died in Saint Petersburg, at the age of 53. The official cause of death was reported to be cholera, most probably contracted through drinking contaminated water several days earlier. This explanation was accepted by many biographers of the composer. However, even at the time of Tchaikovsky's death, there were many questions about this diagnosis. The timeline between Tchaikovsky's drinking unboiled water and the emergence of symptoms was brought into question. So was the possibility of the composer's procuring unboiled",
"title": "Death of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky"
},
{
"id": "4041121",
"text": "under one year old to absorb too much water, especially if the child is under nine months old. Because of their small body mass, it is easy for them to take in a large amount of water relative to body mass and total body sodium stores. Marathon runners are susceptible to water intoxication if they drink too much while running. This is caused when sodium levels drop below 135 μmol/L when athletes consume large amounts of fluid. This has been noted to be the result of the encouragement of excessive fluid replacement by various guidelines. This has largely been identified",
"title": "Water intoxication"
},
{
"id": "4045427",
"text": "and sank a well in November 1922. In the spring of 1928, instead of oil, he found mineral water. Under the name Ontario Mineral Waters Ltd. he bottled and sold it as a health tonic named \"Raysol Radium Water\" effective against a variety of ailments including diabetes, angina, tuberculosis and rheumatism. $1 a bottle or $3 a gallon. The venture failed ostensibly because the water was very salty. Mann died in 1934 at the age of 81, and was buried at Fairview Cemetery in Acton. In 1969, a park was named for Sir Donald Mann in Acton, Ontario, the land",
"title": "Donald Mann"
},
{
"id": "5482409",
"text": "he knew Kent was coming that night from the postcard he purposefully placed in Lance’s mailbox to frame him and keep Nathalie from knowing about Kent’s visit. He spiked the liquor before the trip, knowing Kent would drink it and die. Afterward, George starts to have trouble walking and says that he can't see. Nathalie realizes that George has unknowingly drunk the spiked liquor, that Lance had borrowed it earlier, and that Kent really did die of a heart attack. George then falls off the high rise veranda and is killed when the top of it falls down and pierces",
"title": "Head Above Water (film)"
},
{
"id": "2570726",
"text": "he died. The \"Guinness World Records Book 2011\" states that \"The birth certificate submitted as evidence might actually belong to his older brother, who died at a young age; if the family used Shigechiyo as a 'necronym'—that is, gave him his dead brother's name, as the new research suggests—this means his final age was 105 years old, not 120.\" The oldest undisputed case of male longevity is Jiroemon Kimura (also from Japan; lived 19 April 1897 – 12 June 2013), who died at age 116 years and 54 days. Shigechiyo Izumi Izumi drank brown sugar \"shōchū\" (a Japanese alcoholic beverage",
"title": "Shigechiyo Izumi"
},
{
"id": "459707",
"text": "her last public performance when she joined Kelly Price on stage in Hollywood, California and sang \"Jesus Loves Me\". Two days later, on February 11, Houston was found unconscious in Suite 434 at the Beverly Hilton Hotel, submerged in the bathtub. Beverly Hills paramedics arrived at approximately 3:30 p.m., found Houston unresponsive, and performed CPR. Houston was pronounced dead at 3:55 p.m. PST. The cause of death was not immediately known; local police said there were \"no obvious signs of criminal intent\". On March 22, 2012, the Los Angeles County Coroner's Office reported that Houston's death was caused by drowning",
"title": "Whitney Houston"
},
{
"id": "2762111",
"text": "Thirst Thirst is the craving for fluids, resulting in the basic instinct of animals to drink. It is an essential mechanism involved in fluid balance. It arises from a lack of fluids or an increase in the concentration of certain osmolites, such as salt. If the water volume of the body falls below a certain threshold or the osmolite concentration becomes too high, the brain signals thirst. Continuous dehydration can cause many problems, but is most often associated with renal problems and neurological problems such as seizures. Excessive thirst, known as polydipsia, along with excessive urination, known as polyuria, may",
"title": "Thirst"
},
{
"id": "1716705",
"text": "swimming pools) and 10% in seawater. Drownings in other fluids are rare, and often relate to industrial accidents. In New Zealand's early colonial history, so many settlers died while trying to cross rivers that drowning was known as \"The New Zealand death\". People have drowned in as little as 30 mm of water lying face down. Children have drowned in baths, buckets and toilets; inebriates or those under the influence of drugs have died in puddles. Drowning can also happen in ways that are less well known: Populations groups at risk: Behavioral and physical factors: Drowning can be considered as",
"title": "Drowning"
},
{
"id": "1967823",
"text": "4:00 am, and tried to give him a heart massage. His death was confirmed by Thin Lizzy's manager, Adam Parsons. According to \"The Daily Telegraph\", Moore's fatal heart attack was brought on by the massive amount of alcohol he had consumed on the evening of his death. Moore had 380 mg of alcohol per decilitre (100 millilitres) of blood (0.38%) in his system. Blood alcohol content from 0.40% to 0.50% is considered to be lethal. Gary Moore's eldest son Jack, alongside his uncle Cliff Moore, performed the traditional song \"Danny Boy\" at his father's funeral. This was reported in the",
"title": "Gary Moore"
},
{
"id": "13924915",
"text": "Anna Bågenholm Anna Elisabeth Johansson Bågenholm (born 1970) is a Swedish radiologist from Vänersborg, who survived after a skiing accident in 1999 left her trapped under a layer of ice for 80 minutes in freezing water. During this time she became a victim of extreme hypothermia and her body temperature decreased to , one of the lowest survived body temperatures ever recorded in a human with accidental hypothermia. Bågenholm was able to find an air pocket under the ice, but suffered circulatory arrest after 40 minutes in the water. After rescue, Bågenholm was transported by helicopter to the Tromsø University",
"title": "Anna Bågenholm"
},
{
"id": "5919086",
"text": "television episodes, collectively titled . The series appeared in 1999 as a segment on TV Asahi's . Nekojiru (the artist) was born on January 19, 1967 and died by suicide on May 10, 1998. Her actual name was . \"Cat Soup\" won an Excellence Prize (Animation Division) at the 2001 Japan Media Arts Festival, the \"Best Short Film\" award at the 2001 Fantasia Festival and the Silver Award for Animation 2003 New York Exposition of Short Film and Video. Cat Soup , the older sister of , lies very ill in her room. By accident, Nyatta drowns in the bathtub",
"title": "Cat Soup"
},
{
"id": "14199745",
"text": "village of Crestwood for his wrongful death. Michele Maan De Kok’s Cook County, Illinois wrongful death lawsuit contends that he became ill after drinking contaminated water while living there from 1969 to 1990. John Maan De Kok was diagnosed with stage IV non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 2000. When he died, he left behind his wife Michele and their two young children. Maan De Kok’s family members had no idea why he had this particular kind of cancer, which is normally found in industrial workers that have been around hazardous chemicals. It wasn’t until Michelle read last month’s Chicago Tribune report that",
"title": "Water contamination in Crestwood, Illinois"
},
{
"id": "11791236",
"text": "He was convicted of drunk driving in 2010, and subsequently entered a recovery and rehabilitation program. In a 2012 interview with CBS News' David Martin, Owens said: \"I really don't think I'll ever be free. I don't think the burden of war is ever gone.\" Owens died by suicide on October 16, 2014. His memory was honored with an \"appreciation party\" in Aspen, Colorado on October 18, 2014. He was interred at the Arlington National Cemetery. Casey Owens Casey Owens (born c. 1981 − October 15, 2014) was a United States Marine, Iraq War veteran, and paralympic athlete from Houston,",
"title": "Casey Owens"
},
{
"id": "11958885",
"text": "so that he may secretly bed with Tae-ju. Sang-hyun notices bruises on Tae-ju and assumes her husband is the cause, a suspicion she sheepishly confirms. Sang-hyun decides to kill Kang-woo during a fishing trip with the couple. He pulls Kang-woo into the water and claims that he placed the body inside a cabinet in a house at the bottom of the lake, putting a rock on the body to keep it from floating to the surface. A police investigation ensues. Mrs. Ra drinks often after her son's death, sinking psychosomatically into a completely paralyzed state. Sang-hyun and Tae-ju are haunted",
"title": "Thirst (2009 film)"
},
{
"id": "21000946",
"text": "in references. It was also prominently criticized for its social commentary, which some felt was shoehorned into the video. A point of specific criticism was that \"Everyone Controls Rewind\" was seen by some to promote the behavioral health services of BetterHelp, despite the controversy surrounding the company. Others were angered that the video never brought up the deaths of Dolores O'Riordan, Stephen Hawking, Craig Mack, Avicii, Verne Troyer, Barbara Bush, TotalBiscuit, Anthony Bourdain, Stefán Karl Stefánsson, Aretha Franklin, Mac Miller, R. Lee Ermey, Stan Lee and Stephen Hillenburg, despite each of their deaths having made a major impact on the",
"title": "YouTube Rewind 2018: Everyone Controls Rewind"
},
{
"id": "114334",
"text": "of Thomas's death. David Thomas in \"Fatal Neglect: Who Killed Dylan Thomas?\" claims that Brinnin, along with Reitell and Feltenstein, were culpable. FitzGibbon's 1965 biography ignores Thomas's heavy drinking and skims over his death, giving just two pages in his detailed book to Thomas's demise. Ferris in his 1989 biography includes Thomas's heavy drinking, but is more critical of those around him in his final days and does not draw the conclusion that he drank himself to death. Feltenstein's role and actions have been criticised by many sources, especially his incorrect diagnosis of delirium tremens and the high dose of",
"title": "Dylan Thomas"
},
{
"id": "2064101",
"text": "in body water percentage based on a number of factors like age, health, water intake, weight, and sex. In a large study of adults of all ages and both sexes, the adult human body averaged ~65% water. However, this varied substantially by age, sex, and adiposity (amount of fat in body composition). The figure for water fraction by weight in this sample was found to be 58 ±8% water for males and 48 ±6% for females. The body water constitutes as much as 93% of the body weight of a newborn infant, whereas some obese people are as little as",
"title": "Body water"
},
{
"id": "4204544",
"text": "Griffith and Emmylou Harris (whose recording of \"Love Still Remains\" was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1999). An important mentor, friend and touring companion was Utah Phillips. She died in 1986, at age 44, after a long battle with leukemia. Her remains are buried at a small church cemetery in Goodyears Bar, California. NOTE: Wolf (along with fellow musician Don Coffin to whom she was married at the time) also appears on the 1973 album \"We Walked by the Water\" by folksinger Lionel Kilberg. This album was re-released in 1995 under the title \"Breezes\" and credited to Wolf alone",
"title": "Kate Wolf"
},
{
"id": "10604266",
"text": "well as her co-authorship. Murray stated 1985, \"Morgan asked to have her name removed as senior author of the 1943/1971 TAT because she disliked the obligation of making the academic responses\". Morgan administered one of the earliest versions of the test to one of the first diagnosed anorexic patients in Boston. After a radical sympathectomy surgery for high blood pressure and years of excessive drinking, Morgan died at the age of 69 at Denis Bay, Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands on March 14, 1967. Murray found her body near the beach, drowned in less than two feet of water. There",
"title": "Christiana Morgan"
},
{
"id": "1068316",
"text": "and a daughter, Dixie Nann Griffith. They divorced in 1972. Sam, a real-estate developer, died in 1996 after years of alcoholism. His second wife was Solica Cassuto, a Greek actress. They were married from 1973 to 1981. He and Cindi Knight were married on April 12, 1983; they met when he was filming \"Murder in Coweta County\". Griffith's first serious health problem was in April 1983 when he was diagnosed with Guillain–Barré syndrome and could not walk for seven months because of paralysis from the knees down. On May 9, 2000, he underwent quadruple heart-bypass surgery at Sentara Norfolk General",
"title": "Andy Griffith"
},
{
"id": "19770828",
"text": "to film scenes in the television shows \"Lost\" and \"Hawaii Five-0\". On April 12, 2012, Phillip S. Mann from Scottsmoot, FL fell down the falls during an evening hike alone. Hikers heard cries for help that evening, but search parties did not locate a person. The following day, hikers discovered his body at the bottom of the river bed. The young man likely died on impact. On June 15, 2016 19-year-old Kristi Takanishi, a 2015 valedictorian from Kaiser high school in Honolulu Hawaii, fell from the top of Manoa Falls and died two days later. Sources say she was taking",
"title": "Manoa Falls Trail"
},
{
"id": "17202957",
"text": "Grammy. Sledge had one child, a son named Thaddeus Everett Whyte IV from her marriage to Thaddeus E. Whyte, III which was from 1992 until 2000. Sledge was found dead by a friend at her home on March 11, 2017 in Phoenix, Arizona, She was 60 years old. Her death was originally considered due to unknown circumstances as she didn't have any known illnesses, according to close family sources. On March 14, 2017, Sledge's cause of death was ruled \"natural causes\". Joni Sledge Joan Elise Sledge (September 13, 1956 – March 10, 2017) was an American singer–songwriter, actress and producer.",
"title": "Joni Sledge"
},
{
"id": "186776",
"text": "when their body water approaches about 50% deuteration. The mode of death appears to be the same as that in cytotoxic poisoning (such as chemotherapy) or in acute radiation syndrome (though deuterium is not radioactive), and is due to deuterium's action in generally inhibiting cell division. It is more toxic to malignant cells than normal cells but the concentrations needed are too high for regular use. As in chemotherapy, deuterium-poisoned mammals die of a failure of bone marrow (bleeding and infection) and intestinal-barrier functions (diarrhea and fluid loss). Despite the problems of plants and animals in living with too much",
"title": "Heavy water"
},
{
"id": "12257628",
"text": "buried in a tomb that contained rivers of flowing mercury on a model of the land he ruled, representative of the rivers of China—was killed by drinking a mercury and powdered jade mixture formulated by Qin alchemists (causing liver failure, mercury poisoning, and brain death) who intended to give him eternal life. Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun, the second Tulunid ruler of Egypt (r. 884–896), known for his extravagance and profligacy, reportedly built a basin filled with mercury, on which he would lie on top of air-filled cushions and be rocked to sleep. In November 2014 \"large quantities\" of mercury",
"title": "Mercury (element)"
},
{
"id": "1716717",
"text": "disorders that can result in death if not treated promptly. During drowning, aspirated water enters the lung tissues, causes a reduction in alveolar surfactant, obstructs ventilation and triggers a release of inflammatory mediators which ultimately results in hypoxia. Specifically, upon reaching the alveoli, hypotonic liquid found in fresh water dilutes pulmonary surfactant, destroying the substance. Comparatively, aspiration of hypertonic seawater draws liquid from the plasma into the alveoli and similarly causes damage to surfactant by disrupting the alveolar-capillary membrane. Still, there is no clinical difference between salt and freshwater drowning. Once someone has reached definitive care, supportive care strategies such",
"title": "Drowning"
},
{
"id": "17783683",
"text": "Tiphany Adams Tiphany Adams (born 1983) is an American reality television personality, actress, model and speaker. In 2000, at the age of 17 she was a passenger in a car struck head on by an intoxicated driver traveling over 130 miles per hour. All were believed to be dead but then first responders heard sounds coming from Adams. They used the jaws of life to reach her and airlift her to the hospital. The others involved in the accident, the drunk driver as well as Adams' two friends, were killed. Adams was diagnosed as a paraplegic with a T10 fracture",
"title": "Tiphany Adams"
},
{
"id": "4707953",
"text": "of James Herriot, committed suicide at the age of 84 by injecting himself with an overdose of phenobarbital. Activist Abbie Hoffman also committed suicide by consuming phenobarbital, combined with alcohol, on April 12, 1989; the residue of around 150 pills was found in his body at autopsy. Also dying from an overdose in 1996 was actress/model Margaux Hemingway. The Japanese officers aboard the German submarine U-234 killed themselves with phenobarbital while the German crew members were on their way to the US to surrender (but before Japan had surrendered). 39 members of the Heaven's Gate UFO religious group committed mass",
"title": "Phenobarbital"
},
{
"id": "8705224",
"text": "Chicago 1885 cholera epidemic myth The Chicago 1885 cholera epidemic myth is a persistent urban legend, stating that 90,000 people in Chicago died of typhoid fever and cholera in 1885. Although the story is widely reported, these deaths did not occur. Lake Michigan was the source of Chicago's drinking water. During a tremendous storm in 1885, the rainfall washed refuse from the Chicago River far out into the lake and locals feared the sewage would reach the city's water intake cribs, two miles offshore. According to the legend, typhoid, cholera and other waterborne diseases from the contaminated drinking water killed",
"title": "Chicago 1885 cholera epidemic myth"
},
{
"id": "20870936",
"text": "Francisco in 1912. In 1929 McCord sued a wealthy Chicago banker, Maurice Rothschild, for breach of promise, contending that he promised to marry her and then did not. She lost the suit in 1931, after her brother testified for the defense that \"his sister was inclined to drink to excess\". She denied his claim that she drank too much, saying \"I have my brother to blame for everything. I have never been drunk in my life.\" McCord died at New York's Bellevue Hospital in 1949, \"after a long illness\", according to her \"New York Times\" obituary. Vera McCord Vera McCord",
"title": "Vera McCord"
},
{
"id": "56616",
"text": "years. Most common causes of death were old age (30%), urologic (incontinence, Fanconi syndrome, chronic kidney failure 13%), behavior (\"unspecified\" and aggression 9%), and cancer (9%). Fanconi syndrome, an inheritable disorder in which the renal (kidney) tubes fail to reabsorb electrolytes and nutrients, is unusually common in Basenjis. Symptoms include excessive drinking, excessive urination, and glucose in the urine, which may lead to a misdiagnosis of diabetes. Fanconi syndrome usually presents between 4 and 8 years of age, but sometimes as early as 3 years or as late as 10 years. Fanconi syndrome is treatable and organ damage is reduced",
"title": "Basenji"
},
{
"id": "2064100",
"text": "Body water In physiology, body water is the water content of an animal body that is contained in the tissues, the blood, the bones and elsewhere. The percentages of body water contained in various fluid compartments add up to total body water (TBW). This water makes up a significant fraction of the human body, both by weight and by volume. Ensuring the right amount of body water is part of fluid balance, an aspect of homeostasis. By weight, the average human adult male is approximately 60% water and the average adult female is approximately 50%. There can be considerable variation",
"title": "Body water"
},
{
"id": "9005633",
"text": "Pimp C's breathing long enough to bring on his death. Fredo Santana, an American rapper who frequently made references to the drink in his music, died of a fatal seizure on January 19, 2018. According to TMZ, he had been suffering from liver and kidney problems, which were believed to be the result of his addiction. In September 2006, Terrence Kiel, a San Diego Chargers player, was arrested during practice for the possession with intent to sell prescription cough syrup for use in making the drink. Kiel was caught trying to ship a case of syrup to a friend via",
"title": "Purple drank"
},
{
"id": "19959054",
"text": "When You're Sober, Pt. 2,\" was released on November 9, 2018 and debuted at No. 4 on the \"Billboard\" 200, making it Lil Peep's first US top 10 album. Lil Peep was a frequent user of drugs due to his mental health issues, which ultimately caused his death on November 15, 2017. The Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner certified the cause of death to be an accidental fentanyl–xanax overdose. Gustav Elijah Åhr was born on November 1, 1996, in Allentown, Pennsylvania to first-grade teacher Liza Womack and college professor Karl Johan Åhr. He had one sibling, Karl \"Oskar\"",
"title": "Lil Peep"
},
{
"id": "10677614",
"text": "Carl Rogers Darnall Brigadier General Carl Rogers Darnall (December 25, 1867 in Weston, Texas, USA – January 18, 1941 in Washington, D.C., USA) was a United States Army chemist and surgeon credited with originating the technique of liquid chlorination of drinking water. Chlorination has been an exceedingly important innovation in public health, saving innumerable lives. Darnall was born on his father’s farm in the Cottage Hill community near McKinney, in Collin County, Texas. He was the eldest of the seven children of Reverend Joseph Rogers Darnall, minister of the Christian Church, and Mary Ellen (Thomas) Darnall. He studied at Carlton",
"title": "Carl Rogers Darnall"
},
{
"id": "6609134",
"text": "Robert Wahlberg Robert George Wahlberg (born December 18, 1967) is an American actor who has appeared in films such as \"Southie\", \"Mystic River\" and \"The Departed\". Born in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, Robert is the brother of Arthur, Jim, Paul, Tracey, Michelle, Debbie (died 2003), and actors/musicians Mark and Donnie Wahlberg. He also has three half-siblings from his father's first marriage: Donna, Scott, and Buddy. His mother, Alma Elaine (née Donnelly), was a bank clerk and nurse's aid, and his father, Donald Edmond Wahlberg, Sr., was a teamster who worked as a delivery driver; the two divorced in 1982.",
"title": "Robert Wahlberg"
},
{
"id": "3669335",
"text": "planned to sit a two-day shiva. Winehouse's parents set up The Amy Winehouse Foundation to prevent harm from drug misuse among young people, and Amy Winehouse's brother Alex is an employee. Winehouse did not leave a will; her estate was inherited by her parents. On 17 December 2012, British authorities reopened the probe of Winehouse's death. On 8 January 2013, a second inquest confirmed that Winehouse died of accidental alcohol poisoning. In a late June 2013 interview, Alex Winehouse revealed his belief that his sister's eating disorder, and the consequent physical weakness, was the primary cause of her death: Winehouse's",
"title": "Amy Winehouse"
},
{
"id": "3246634",
"text": "a result of complications arising from cerebral edema triggered by liver failure. According to Astrid Young, her friend and Neil Young's half-sister, Larson had been showing symptoms of depression, and her fatal seizure \"was in no small way related to her chronic use of Valium and Tylenol PM\". Larson's remains are buried in Forest Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles, California. A benefit concert was held in Larson's honor in February 1998 with tribute concerts held on the 10th anniversary of her death in December 2007 and also the following year. Reached No. 96 on the Black Singles",
"title": "Nicolette Larson"
},
{
"id": "13598768",
"text": "in coma for four years before finally succumbing to the illness. Apichet's case, which saw throngs of fans hoping and praying for him at the hospital as well as intense media attention, helped raised awareness about the hazardous nature of Bangkok's water pollution. His funeral was held for 100 days from the end of 2007 to March of the next year, and was patronised by Queen Sirikit. Apichet Kittikorncharoen Apichet Kittikorncharoen (; , name later changed to Panrawat (), 2 December 1982 – 9 December 2007) was a Thai singer known under the stage name Big D2B. He studied film",
"title": "Apichet Kittikorncharoen"
},
{
"id": "17473773",
"text": "Adipsia Adipsia, also known as hypodipsia, is a symptom of inappropriately decreased or absent feelings of thirst. It involves an increased osmolality or concentration of solute in the urine, which stimulates secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus to the kidneys. This causes the person to retain water and ultimately become unable to feel thirst. Due to its rarity, the disorder has not been the subject of many research studies. Adipsia may be seen in conditions such as diabetes insipidus and may result in hypernatremia. It can occur as the result of abnormalities in the hypothalamus, pituitary and corpus",
"title": "Adipsia"
},
{
"id": "1589582",
"text": "theory that she committed suicide point to the fact that her step-brother and close friend Sergei Shurakov had just died of causes related to medical malpractice on 23 April 1991, affecting her deeply. There were also rumors that Yanka was murdered, as it was alleged that her skull had been fractured and there was no water in her lungs (indicating that she died before falling in the river). There was no formal investigation into this allegation. Unconfirmed accounts indicate that a few of Yanka's close friends received postcards from her on 10 May 1991. The text was (approximately): \"May everything",
"title": "Yanka Dyagileva"
},
{
"id": "8166871",
"text": "\"Honey\" Miller who died in a car crash in the 1970s. The death of his daughter ultimately led to Miller's retirement from professional eating. \"Bozo\" Miller worked as a restaurateur and then as a liquor distributor. His drinking ability was almost as impressive as his gastronomic feats. He once drank a lion under the table. Miller was an avid horse racing fan and witnessed many of the major races of the racehorse Seabiscuit. Miller died on January 7, 2008, having struggled with diabetes and heart disease in his final years. Early obituaries gave his age as 99 and his year",
"title": "Bozo Miller"
},
{
"id": "6129842",
"text": "19, 1862, close to Shiloh, Harvey stopped overnight near Savannah, Tennessee. Late that evening, while trying to step from a tethered boat to a moving steamboat headed back north (a common but dangerous practice), Harvey fell into the Tennessee River and drowned, despite the strenuous rescue efforts of members of his party. His body was found 14 days later, 65 miles downstream; his remains lay in state in the Wisconsin State Capitol, and he was buried in Forest Hill Cemetery, in Madison. His wife Cordelia became a leading war nurse, honored with the rank of colonel by Abraham Lincoln. She",
"title": "Louis P. Harvey"
},
{
"id": "976375",
"text": "Karen Ann Quinlan Karen Ann Quinlan (March 29, 1954 – June 11, 1985) was an American woman who became an important figure in the history of the right to die controversy in the United States. When she was 21, Quinlan became unconscious after she consumed Valium along with alcohol while on a crash diet and lapsed into a coma, followed by a persistent vegetative state. After doctors, under threat from prosecutors, refused the request of her parents, Joseph and Julia Quinlan, to disconnect Quinlan's respirator, which the parents believed constituted extraordinary means of prolonging her life, her parents filed suit",
"title": "Karen Ann Quinlan"
},
{
"id": "165462",
"text": "tank, and another teenager in Northern Ireland died of asphyxiation. At Eagle Point, Oregon a teenage girl died in 2012 from barotrauma at a party. A girl from Michigan died from hypoxia later in the year. On February 4, 2015 it was revealed that during the recording of their main TV show on January 28, a 12-year-old member (name withheld) of Japanese all-girl singing group 3B Junior suffered from air embolism, losing consciousness and falling in a coma as a result of air bubbles blocking the flow of blood to the brain, after inhaling huge quantities of helium as part",
"title": "Helium"
}
] | who has died from drinking too much water |
|
| [
{
"id": "720392",
"text": "Battle of the Coral Sea The Battle of the Coral Sea, fought from 4 to 8 May 1942, was a major naval battle between the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and naval and air forces from the United States and Australia, taking place in the Pacific Theatre of World War II. The battle is historically significant as the first action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other, as well as the first in which neither side's ships sighted nor fired directly upon the other. In an attempt to strengthen their defensive position in the South Pacific, the Japanese decided to invade",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720494",
"text": "and ultimate outcome of the Pacific War. Battle of the Coral Sea The Battle of the Coral Sea, fought from 4 to 8 May 1942, was a major naval battle between the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and naval and air forces from the United States and Australia, taking place in the Pacific Theatre of World War II. The battle is historically significant as the first action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other, as well as the first in which neither side's ships sighted nor fired directly upon the other. In an attempt to strengthen their defensive position in the",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "3787869",
"text": "Battle of the Coral Sea order of battle This is an order of battle for the Battle of the Coral Sea. The battle, fought during 4–8 May 1942, was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and Allied naval and air forces from the United States (U.S.) and Australia. In an attempt to strengthen their defensive positioning for their empire in the South Pacific, Imperial Japanese forces decided to invade and occupy Port Moresby in New Guinea and Tulagi in the southeastern Solomon Islands. The plan to accomplish this, called",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea order of battle"
},
{
"id": "720398",
"text": "Japanese leaders sought to neutralize the U.S. fleet, seize territory rich in natural resources, and obtain strategic military bases to defend their far-flung empire. At the same time that they were attacking Pearl Harbor, the Japanese attacked Malaya, causing the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand to join the United States in the war against Japan. In the words of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) Combined Fleet's \"Secret Order Number One\", dated 1 November 1941, the goals of the initial Japanese campaigns in the impending war were to \"[eject] British and American strength from the Netherlands Indies and the Philippines,",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720393",
"text": "and occupy Port Moresby (in New Guinea) and Tulagi (in the southeastern Solomon Islands). The plan to accomplish this was called Operation \"MO\", and involved several major units of Japan's Combined Fleet. These included two fleet carriers and a light carrier to provide air cover for the invasion forces. It was under the overall command of Japanese Admiral Shigeyoshi Inoue. The U.S. learned of the Japanese plan through signals intelligence, and sent two United States Navy carrier task forces and a joint Australian-U.S. cruiser force to oppose the offensive. These were under the overall command of U.S. Admiral Frank J.",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720414",
"text": "near New Georgia Island. Marumo's support group sortied from New Ireland on 29 April headed for Thousand Ships Bay, Santa Isabel Island, to establish a seaplane base on 2 May to support the Tulagi assault. Shima's invasion force departed Rabaul on 30 April. The Carrier Strike Force, with the carriers \"Zuikaku\" and \"Shōkaku\", two heavy cruisers, and six destroyers, sortied from Truk on 1 May. The strike force was commanded by Vice Admiral Takeo Takagi (flag on cruiser ), with Rear Admiral Chūichi Hara, on \"Zuikaku\", in tactical command of the carrier air forces. The Carrier Strike Force was to",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720468",
"text": "Japanese ships advancing towards Port Moresby, Crace turned towards Australia and arrived at Cid Harbor, south of Townsville, on 11 May. At 22:00 on 8 May, Yamamoto ordered Inoue to turn his forces around, destroy the remaining Allied warships, and complete the invasion of Port Moresby. Inoue did not cancel the recall of the invasion convoy, but ordered Takagi and Gotō to pursue the remaining Allied warship forces in the Coral Sea. Critically low on fuel, Takagi's warships spent most of 9 May refueling from the fleet oiler \"Tōhō Maru\". Late in the evening of 9 May, Takagi and Gotō",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720419",
"text": "May, Shima's force arrived off Tulagi and began disembarking the naval troops to occupy the island. Tulagi was undefended: the small garrison of Australian commandos and a Royal Australian Air Force reconnaissance unit evacuated just before Shima's arrival. The Japanese forces immediately began construction of a seaplane and communications base. Aircraft from \"Shōhō\" covered the landings until early afternoon, when Gotō's force turned towards Bougainville to refuel in preparation to support the landings at Port Moresby. At 17:00 on 3 May, Fletcher was notified that the Japanese Tulagi invasion force had been sighted the day before, approaching the southern Solomons.",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720422",
"text": "and sent scout planes to search east of the Solomons, believing that the U.S. carriers were in that area. Since no Allied ships were in that area, the search planes found nothing. At 08:16 on 5 May, TF 17 rendezvoused with TF 11 and TF 44 at a predetermined point south of Guadalcanal (). At about the same time, four Grumman F4F Wildcat fighters from \"Yorktown\" intercepted a Kawanishi H6K reconnaissance flying boat from the Yokohama Air Group of the 25th Air Flotilla based at the Shortland Islands and shot it down from TF 11. The aircraft failed to send",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720397",
"text": "helped prompt their ill-fated land offensive over the Kokoda trail. Two months later, the Allies took advantage of Japan's resulting strategic vulnerability in the South Pacific and launched the Guadalcanal Campaign; this, along with the New Guinea Campaign, eventually broke Japanese defenses in the South Pacific and was a significant contributing factor to Japan's ultimate surrender in World War II. On 7 December 1941, using aircraft carriers, Japan attacked the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The attack destroyed or crippled most of the Pacific Fleet's battleships and brought the United States into the war. In launching this war,",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720470",
"text": "\"Neosho\" (). The U.S. destroyer responded and rescued 109 \"Neosho\" and 14 \"Sims\" survivors later that day, then scuttled the tanker with gunfire. On 10 May, Operation \"RY\" commenced. After the operation's flagship, minelayer , was sunk by the U.S. submarine on 12 May (), the landings were postponed until 17 May. In the meantime, Halsey's TF 16 reached the South Pacific near Efate and, on 13 May, headed north to contest the Japanese approach to Nauru and Ocean Island. On 14 May, Nimitz, having obtained intelligence concerning the Combined Fleet's upcoming operation against Midway, ordered Halsey to make sure",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720471",
"text": "that Japanese scout aircraft sighted his ships the next day, after which he was to return to Pearl Harbor immediately. At 10:15 on 15 May, a Kawanishi reconnaissance aircraft from Tulagi sighted TF 16 east of the Solomons. Halsey's feint worked. Fearing a carrier air attack on his exposed invasion forces, Inoue immediately canceled \"RY\" and ordered his ships back to Rabaul and Truk. On 19 May, TF 16 – which returned to the Efate area to refuel – turned towards Pearl Harbor and arrived there on 26 May. \"Yorktown\" reached Pearl the following day. \"Shōkaku\" reached Kure, Japan, on",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720399",
"text": "[and] to establish a policy of autonomous self-sufficiency and economic independence.\" To support these goals, during the first few months of 1942, besides Malaya, Japanese forces attacked and successfully took control of the Philippines, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies, Wake Island, New Britain, the Gilbert Islands and Guam, inflicting heavy losses on opposing Allied land, naval and air forces. Japan planned to use these conquered territories to establish a perimeter defense for its empire from which it expected to employ attritional tactics to defeat or exhaust any Allied counterattacks. Shortly after the war began, Japan's Naval General Staff recommended an",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720486",
"text": "Tulagi and Guadalcanal without effective protection from other Japanese bases. Tulagi and Guadalcanal were four hours flying time from Rabaul, the nearest large Japanese base. Three months later, on 7 August 1942, 11,000 United States Marines landed on Guadalcanal, and 3,000 U.S. Marines landed on Tulagi and nearby islands. The Japanese troops on Tulagi and nearby islands were outnumbered and killed almost to the last man in the Battle of Tulagi and Gavutu–Tanambogo and the U.S. Marines on Guadalcanal captured an airfield under construction by the Japanese. Thus began the Guadalcanal and Solomon Islands campaigns that resulted in a series",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720394",
"text": "Fletcher. On 3–4 May, Japanese forces successfully invaded and occupied Tulagi, although several of their supporting warships were sunk or damaged in surprise attacks by aircraft from the U.S. fleet carrier . Now aware of the presence of U.S. carriers in the area, the Japanese fleet carriers advanced towards the Coral Sea with the intention of locating and destroying the Allied naval forces. Beginning on 7 May, the carrier forces from the two sides engaged in airstrikes over two consecutive days. On the first day, the U.S. sank the Japanese light carrier ; meanwhile, the Japanese sank a U.S. destroyer",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720413",
"text": "(sometimes referred to as the Support Group), commanded by Rear Admiral Kuninori Marumo and consisting of two light cruisers, the seaplane tender and three gunboats, joined the Covering Group in providing distant protection for the Tulagi invasion. Once Tulagi was secured on 3 or 4 May, the Covering Group and Cover Force were to reposition to help screen the Port Moresby invasion. Inoue directed the \"MO\" operation from the cruiser , with which he arrived at Rabaul from Truk on 4 May. Gotō's force left Truk on 28 April, cut through the Solomons between Bougainville and Choiseul and took station",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720403",
"text": "air attack by Allied land- and carrier-based aircraft on Japanese naval forces invading the Lae-Salamaua area in New Guinea in March, Inoue requested Japan's Combined Fleet send carriers to provide air cover for \"MO\". Inoue was especially worried about Allied bombers stationed at air bases in Townsville and Cooktown, Australia, beyond the range of his own bombers, based at Rabaul and Lae. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Combined Fleet, was concurrently planning an operation for June that he hoped would lure the U.S. Navy's carriers, none of which had been damaged in the Pearl Harbor attack, into a decisive",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720406",
"text": "en route to his command from Formosa via the main IJN base at Truk. The British passed the message to the U.S., along with their conclusion that Port Moresby was the likely target of \"MO\". Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, the new commander of U.S. forces in the Central Pacific, and his staff discussed the deciphered messages and agreed that the Japanese were likely initiating a major operation in the Southwest Pacific in early May with Port Moresby as the probable target. The Allies regarded Port Moresby as a key base for a planned counteroffensive, under General Douglas MacArthur, against Japanese",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720452",
"text": "mostly clear, with visibility. At 08:20, a \"Lexington\" SBD piloted by Joseph G. Smith spotted the Japanese carriers through a hole in the clouds and notified TF 17. Two minutes later, a \"Shōkaku\" search plane commanded by Kenzō Kanno sighted TF 17 and notified Hara. The two forces were about apart. Both sides raced to launch their strike aircraft. At 09:15, the Japanese carriers launched a combined strike of 18 fighters, 33 dive bombers, and 18 torpedo planes, commanded by Lieutenant Commander Kakuichi Takahashi. The U.S. carriers each launched a separate strike. \"Yorktown\"s group consisted of six fighters, 24 dive",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720407",
"text": "forces in the South West Pacific area. Nimitz's staff also concluded that the Japanese operation might include carrier raids on Allied bases in Samoa and at Suva. Nimitz, after consultation with Admiral Ernest King, Commander in Chief of the United States Fleet, decided to contest the Japanese operation by sending all four of the Pacific Fleet's available aircraft carriers to the Coral Sea. By 27 April, further signals intelligence confirmed most of the details and targets of the \"MO\" and \"RY\" plans. On 29 April, Nimitz issued orders that sent his four carriers and their supporting warships towards the Coral",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720401",
"text": "Australia within range of Japanese land-based aircraft. Inoue believed the capture and control of these locations would provide greater security and defensive depth for the major Japanese base at Rabaul on New Britain. The navy's general staff and the IJA accepted Inoue's proposal and promoted further operations, using these locations as supporting bases, to seize New Caledonia, Fiji, and Samoa and thereby cut the supply and communication lines between Australia and the United States. In April 1942, the army and navy developed a plan that was titled Operation \"MO\". The plan called for Port Moresby to be invaded from the",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720484",
"text": "were still present as Japanese forces could strike anywhere if supported by major elements of the IJN. Because of the severe losses in carriers at Midway, the Japanese were unable to support another attempt to invade Port Moresby from the sea, forcing Japan to try to take Port Moresby by land. Japan began its land offensive towards Port Moresby along the Kokoda Track on 21 July from Buna and Gona. By then, the Allies had reinforced New Guinea with additional troops (primarily Australian) starting with the Australian 14th Brigade which embarked at Townsville on 15 May. The added forces slowed,",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720435",
"text": "\"Sims\", and searched in vain for the U.S. carriers. Finally, at 10:51 \"Shōkaku\" scout aircrews realized they were mistaken in their identification of the oiler and destroyer as aircraft carriers. Takagi now realized the U.S. carriers were between him and the invasion convoy, placing the invasion forces in extreme danger. Takagi ordered his aircraft to immediately attack \"Neosho\" and \"Sims\" and then return to their carriers as quickly as possible. At 11:15, the torpedo bombers and fighters abandoned the mission and headed back towards the carriers with their ordnance while the 36 dive bombers attacked the two U.S. ships. Four",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720444",
"text": "idea of Fletcher's location, status, or intentions. Shortly after 15:00, \"Zuikaku\" monitored a message from a Deboyne-based reconnaissance aircraft reporting (incorrectly) Crace's force altered course to 120° true (southeast). Takagi's staff assumed the aircraft was shadowing Fletcher's carriers and determined if the Allied ships held that course, they would be within striking range shortly before nightfall. Takagi and Hara were determined to attack immediately with a select group of aircraft, minus fighter escort, even though it meant the strike would return after dark. To try to confirm the location of the U.S. carriers, at 15:15 Hara sent a flight of",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720431",
"text": "Takagi. At 07:45, the scout confirmed that it had located \"one carrier, one cruiser, and three destroyers\". Another \"Shōkaku\" scout aircraft quickly confirmed the sighting. The \"Shōkaku\" aircraft actually sighted and misidentified the oiler \"Neosho\" and destroyer \"Sims\", which had earlier been detailed away from the fleet to a southern rendezvous point. Believing that he had located the U.S. carriers, Hara, with Takagi's concurrence, immediately launched all of his available aircraft. A total of 78 aircraft—18 Zero fighters, 36 Aichi D3A dive bombers, and 24 torpedo aircraft—began launching from \"Shōkaku\" and \"Zuikaku\" at 08:00 and were on their way by",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720488",
"text": "as a staging post during the preparation for the Battle of Tarawa and the Battle of Makin that commenced on 20 November 1943, which was the implementation of Operation \"Galvanic\". The battle was the first naval engagement in history in which the participating ships never sighted or fired directly at each other. Instead, manned aircraft acted as the offensive artillery for the ships involved. Thus, the respective commanders were participating in a new type of warfare, carrier-versus-carrier, with which neither had any experience. In H. P. Willmot's words, the commanders \"had to contend with uncertain and poor communications in situations",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720410",
"text": "were in the central Pacific. The Japanese did not know the location of the remaining carrier, but did not expect a U.S. carrier response to \"MO\" until the operation was well under way. During late April, the Japanese submarines and reconnoitered the area where landings were planned. The submarines investigated Rossel Island and the Deboyne Group anchorage in the Louisiade Archipelago, Jomard Channel, and the route to Port Moresby from the east. They did not sight any Allied ships in the area and returned to Rabaul on 23 and 24 April respectively. The Japanese Port Moresby Invasion Force, commanded by",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720420",
"text": "Unknown to Fletcher, TF 11 completed refueling that morning ahead of schedule and was only east of TF 17, but was unable to communicate its status because of Fletcher's orders to maintain radio silence. TF 17 changed course and proceeded at towards Guadalcanal to launch airstrikes against the Japanese forces at Tulagi the next morning. On 4 May, from a position south of Guadalcanal (), a total of 60 aircraft from TF 17 launched three consecutive strikes against Shima's forces off Tulagi. \"Yorktown\"s aircraft surprised Shima's ships and sank the destroyer \"Kikuzuki\" () and three of the minesweepers, damaged four",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720437",
"text": "() for its position. The U.S. strike aircraft sighted \"Shōhō\" a short distance northeast of Misima Island at 10:40 and deployed to attack. The Japanese carrier was protected by six Zeros and two Mitsubishi A5M fighters flying combat air patrol (CAP), as the rest of the carrier's aircraft were being prepared below decks for a strike against the U.S. carriers. Gotō's cruisers surrounded the carrier in a diamond formation, off each of \"Shōhō\"s corners. Attacking first, \"Lexington\"s air group, led by Commander William B. Ault, hit \"Shōhō\" with two bombs and five torpedoes, causing severe damage. At 11:00, \"Yorktown\"s air",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720450",
"text": "most confused battle area in world history.\" Hara later told Yamamoto's chief of staff, Admiral Matome Ugaki, he was so frustrated with the \"poor luck\" the Japanese experienced on 7 May that he felt like quitting the navy. At 06:15 on 8 May, from a position east of Rossel Island (), Hara launched seven torpedo bombers to search the area bearing 140–230°, out to from the Japanese carriers. Assisting in the search were three Kawanishi H6Ks from Tulagi and four G4M bombers from Rabaul. At 07:00, the carrier striking force turned to the southwest and was joined by two of",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720464",
"text": "two U.S. carriers – \"Yorktown\" and a \"-class\" – but heavy losses in aircraft meant he could not continue to provide air cover for the invasion. Inoue, whose reconnaissance aircraft sighted Crace's ships earlier that day, recalled the invasion convoy to Rabaul, postponed \"MO\" to 3 July, and ordered his forces to assemble northeast of the Solomons to begin the \"RY\" operation. \"Zuikaku\" and her escorts turned towards Rabaul while \"Shōkaku\" headed for Japan. Aboard \"Lexington\", damage control parties put out the fires and restored her to operational condition, but at 12:47, sparks from unattended electric motors ignited gasoline fumes",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720428",
"text": "in Hara's direction. Late on 6 May or early on 7 May, \"Kamikawa Maru\" set up a seaplane base in the Deboyne Islands in order to help provide air support for the invasion forces as they approached Port Moresby. The rest of Marumo's Cover Force then took station near the D'Entrecasteaux Islands to help screen Abe's oncoming convoy. At 06:25 on 7 May, TF 17 was south of Rossel Island (). At this time, Fletcher sent Crace's cruiser force, now designated Task Group 17.3 (TG 17.3), to block the Jomard Passage. Fletcher understood that Crace would be operating without air",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "3787870",
"text": "Operation \"MO\", involved several major units of Japan's Combined Fleet, including two fleet carriers and a light carrier to provide air cover for the invasion fleets, under the overall command of Shigeyoshi Inoue. The U.S. learned of the Japanese plan through signals intelligence and sent two United States Navy carrier task forces and a joint Australian-American cruiser force, under the overall command of Frank Jack Fletcher, to oppose the Japanese offensive. Task Force \"MO\" Task Force 17 – Rear Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher South West Pacific Area – General Douglas MacArthur Battle of the Coral Sea order of battle This",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea order of battle"
},
{
"id": "720405",
"text": "code (called \"JN-25B\" by the U.S.), which was used by the IJN for approximately half of its communications. By the end of April, the U.S. was reading up to 85% of the signals broadcast in the \"Ro\" code. In March 1942, the U.S. first noticed mention of the \"MO\" operation in intercepted messages. On 5 April, the U.S. intercepted an IJN message directing a carrier and other large warships to proceed to Inoue's area of operations. On 13 April, the British deciphered an IJN message informing Inoue that the Fifth Carrier Division, consisting of the fleet carriers and , was",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720487",
"text": "of attritional, combined-arms battles between Allied and Japanese forces over the next year which, in tandem with the New Guinea campaign, eventually neutralized Japanese defenses in the South Pacific, inflicted irreparable losses on the Japanese military—especially its navy—and contributed significantly to the Allies' eventual victory over Japan. The delay in the advance of Japanese forces also allowed the Marine Corps to land on Funafuti on 2 October 1942, with a Naval Construction Battalion (Seabees) building airfields on three of the atolls of Tuvalu from which USAAF B-24 Liberator bombers of the Seventh Air Force operated. The atolls of Tuvalu acted",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720451",
"text": "Gotō's cruisers, and , for additional screening support. The invasion convoy, Gotō, and Kajioka steered towards a rendezvous point east of Woodlark Island to await the outcome of the carrier battle. During the night, the warm frontal zone with low clouds which had helped hide the U.S. carriers on 7 May moved north and east and now covered the Japanese carriers, limiting visibility to between . At 06:35, TF 17 – operating under Fitch's tactical control and positioned southeast of the Lousiades, launched 18 SBDs to conduct a 360° search out to . The skies over the U.S. carriers were",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720404",
"text": "showdown in the central Pacific near Midway Atoll. In the meantime Yamamoto detached some of his large warships, including two fleet carriers, a light carrier, a cruiser division, and two destroyer divisions, to support \"MO\", and placed Inoue in charge of the naval portion of the operation. Unknown to the Japanese, the U.S. Navy, led by the Communication Security Section of the Office of Naval Communications, had for several years enjoyed some success with penetrating Japanese communication ciphers and codes. By March 1942, the U.S. was able to decipher up to 15% of the IJN's \"Ro\" or \"Naval Codebook D\"",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720475",
"text": "Battle of Coral Sea in the first place. The battle marked the first time that a Japanese invasion force was turned back without achieving its objective, which greatly lifted the morale of the Allies after a series of defeats by the Japanese during the initial six months of the Pacific Theatre. Port Moresby was vital to Allied strategy and its garrison could well have been overwhelmed by the experienced Japanese invasion troops. The U.S. Navy also exaggerated the damage it inflicted, which was to cause the press to treat its reports of Midway with more caution. The results of the",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720429",
"text": "cover since TF 17's carriers would be busy trying to locate and attack the Japanese carriers. Detaching Crace reduced the anti-aircraft defenses for Fletcher's carriers. Nevertheless, Fletcher decided the risk was necessary to ensure the Japanese invasion forces could not slip through to Port Moresby while he engaged the carriers. Believing Takagi's carrier force was somewhere north of him, in the vicinity of the Louisiades, beginning at 06:19, Fletcher directed \"Yorktown\" to send 10 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers as scouts to search that area. Hara in turn believed Fletcher was south of him and advised Takagi to send the",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720424",
"text": "meantime, Takagi's carrier force steamed down the east side of the Solomons throughout the day on 5 May, turned west to pass south of San Cristobal (Makira), and entered the Coral Sea after transiting between Guadalcanal and Rennell Island in the early morning hours of 6 May. Takagi commenced refueling his ships west of Tulagi in preparation for the carrier battle he expected would take place the next day. On 6 May, Fletcher absorbed TF 11 and TF 44 into TF 17. Believing the Japanese carriers were still well to the north near Bougainville, Fletcher continued to refuel. Reconnaissance patrols",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720453",
"text": "bombers, and nine torpedo planes and was on its way by 09:15. \"Lexington\"s group of nine fighters, 15 dive bombers, and 12 torpedo planes was off at 09:25. Both the U.S. and Japanese carrier warship forces turned to head directly for each other's location at high speed in order to shorten the distance their aircraft would have to fly on their return legs. \"Yorktown\"s dive bombers, led by William O. Burch, reached the Japanese carriers at 10:32, and paused to allow the slower torpedo squadron to arrive so that they could conduct a simultaneous attack. At this time, \"Shōkaku\" and",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "8989129",
"text": "extend their defensive perimeter in the south and central Pacific were thwarted in the battles of Coral Sea (May 1942) and Midway (June 1942). These two strategic victories for the Allies provided them with an opportunity to take the initiative and launch an offensive against the Japanese somewhere in the Pacific. The Allies chose the Solomon Islands, specifically the southern Solomon Islands of Guadalcanal, Tulagi, and Florida as the location for their first offensive. As part of an operation that resulted in the Coral Sea battle, the Japanese Navy sent troops to occupy Tulagi and nearby islands in the southern",
"title": "Battle of Tulagi and Gavutu–Tanambogo"
},
{
"id": "720412",
"text": "to arrive at Port Moresby by 10 May. The Allied garrison at Port Moresby numbered around 5,333 men, but only half of these were infantry and all were badly equipped and undertrained. Leading the invasion of Tulagi was the Tulagi Invasion Force, commanded by Rear Admiral Kiyohide Shima, consisting of two minelayers, two destroyers, six minesweepers, two subchasers and a transport ship carrying about 400 troops from the 3rd Kure SNLF. Supporting the Tulagi force was the Covering Group with the light carrier , four heavy cruisers, and one destroyer, commanded by Rear Admiral Aritomo Gotō. A separate Cover Force",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720415",
"text": "proceed down the eastern side of the Solomon Islands and enter the Coral Sea south of Guadalcanal. Once in the Coral Sea, the carriers were to provide air cover for the invasion forces, eliminate Allied air power at Port Moresby, and intercept and destroy any Allied naval forces which entered the Coral Sea in response. En route to the Coral Sea, Takagi's carriers were to deliver nine Zero fighter aircraft to Rabaul. Bad weather during two attempts to make the delivery on 2–3 May compelled the aircraft to return to the carriers, stationed from Rabaul, and one of the Zeros",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720433",
"text": "groups. At 08:15, a \"Yorktown\" SBD piloted by John L. Nielsen sighted Gotō's force screening the invasion convoy. Nielsen, making an error in his coded message, reported the sighting as \"two carriers and four heavy cruisers\" at , northwest of TF17. Fletcher concluded that the Japanese main carrier force was located and ordered the launch of all available carrier aircraft to attack. By 10:13, the U.S. strike of 93 aircraft—18 Grumman F4F Wildcats, 53 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers, and 22 Douglas TBD Devastator torpedo bombers—was on its way. At 10:19, Nielsen landed and discovered his coding error. Although Gotō's",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720469",
"text": "headed southeast, then southwest into the Coral Sea. Seaplanes from Deboyne assisted Takagi in searching for TF 17 on the morning of 10 May. Fletcher and Crace were already well on their way out of the area. At 13:00 on 10 May, Takagi concluded that the enemy was gone and decided to turn back towards Rabaul. Yamamoto concurred with Takagi's decision and ordered \"Zuikaku\" to return to Japan to replenish her air groups. At the same time, \"Kamikawa Maru\" packed up and departed Deboyne. At noon on 11 May, a U.S. Navy PBY on patrol from Nouméa sighted the drifting",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720440",
"text": "by the time his scout aircraft found the remaining carriers it would be too late in the day to mount a strike. Thus, Fletcher decided to hold off on another strike this day and remain concealed under the thick overcast with fighters ready in defense. Fletcher turned TF 17 southwest. Apprised of the loss of \"Shōhō\", Inoue ordered the invasion convoy to temporarily withdraw to the north and ordered Takagi, at this time located east of TF 17, to destroy the U.S. carrier forces. As the invasion convoy reversed course, it was bombed by eight U.S. Army B-17s, but was",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720426",
"text": "a large, low-hanging overcast which Takagi and Hara felt would make it difficult for their aircraft to find the U.S. carriers. Takagi detached his two carriers with two destroyers under Hara's command to head towards TF 17 at in order to be in position to attack at first light the next day while the rest of his ships completed refueling. U.S. B-17 bombers based in Australia and staging through Port Moresby attacked the approaching Port Moresby invasion forces, including Gotō's warships, several times during the day on 6 May without success. MacArthur's headquarters radioed Fletcher with reports of the attacks",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720417",
"text": "around Nouméa, was attacked by \"Yorktown\" aircraft on 2 May. The submarine took no damage and apparently did not realize that it had been attacked by carrier aircraft. \"Ro-33\" and \"Ro-34\" were also deployed in an attempt to blockade Port Moresby, arriving off the town on 5 May. Neither submarine engaged any ships during the battle. On the morning of 1 May, TF 17 and TF 11 united about northwest of New Caledonia (). Fletcher immediately detached TF11 to refuel from the oiler , while TF 17 refueled from . TF 17 completed refueling the next day, but TF 11",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720467",
"text": "rest of TG17.3 in the Coral Sea in case the Japanese invasion force resumed its advance towards Port Moresby. On 9 May, TF 17 altered course to the east and proceeded out of the Coral Sea via a route south of New Caledonia. Nimitz ordered Fletcher to return \"Yorktown\" to Pearl Harbor as soon as possible after refueling at Tongatabu. During the day, U.S. Army bombers attacked Deboyne and \"Kamikawa Maru\", inflicting unknown damage. In the meantime, having heard nothing from Fletcher, Crace deduced that TF17 had departed the area. At 01:00 on 10 May, hearing no further reports of",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720430",
"text": "aircraft to search that area. Takagi, approximately east of Fletcher (), launched 12 Nakajima B5Ns at 06:00 to scout for TF 17. Around the same time, Gotō's cruisers and launched four Kawanishi E7K2 Type 94 floatplanes to search southeast of the Louisiades. Augmenting their search were several floatplanes from Deboyne, four Kawanishi H6Ks from Tulagi, and three Mitsubishi G4M bombers from Rabaul. Each side readied the rest of its carrier attack aircraft to launch immediately once the enemy was located. At 07:22 one of Takagi's carrier scouts, from \"Shōkaku\", reported U.S. ships bearing 182° (just west of due south), from",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720442",
"text": "13:30 and advised Inoue at 15:00 that the U.S. carriers were at least west of his location and that he would therefore be unable to attack them that day. Inoue's staff directed two groups of attack aircraft from Rabaul, already airborne since that morning, towards Crace's reported position. The first group included 12 torpedo-armed G4M bombers and the second group comprised 19 Mitsubishi G3M land attack aircraft armed with bombs. Both groups found and attacked Crace's ships at 14:30 and claimed to have sunk a \"-type\" battleship and damaged another battleship and cruiser. In reality, Crace's ships were undamaged and",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720425",
"text": "conducted from the U.S. carriers throughout the day failed to locate any of the Japanese naval forces, because they were located just beyond scouting range. At 10:00, a Kawanishi reconnaissance flying boat from Tulagi sighted TF 17 and notified its headquarters. Takagi received the report at 10:50. At that time, Takagi's force was about north of Fletcher, near the maximum range for his carrier aircraft. Takagi, whose ships were still refueling, was not yet ready to engage in battle. He concluded, based on the sighting report, TF 17 was heading south and increasing the range. Furthermore, Fletcher's ships were under",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720449",
"text": "west and south and ensure that his carriers could provide better protection for the invasion convoy. Gotō and Kajioka were unable to position and coordinate their ships in time to attempt a night attack on the Allied warships. Both sides expected to find each other early the next day, and spent the night preparing their strike aircraft for the anticipated battle as their exhausted aircrews attempted to get a few hours' sleep. In 1972, U.S. Vice Admiral H. S. Duckworth, after reading Japanese records of the battle, commented, \"Without a doubt, May 7, 1942, vicinity of Coral Sea, was the",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720485",
"text": "then eventually halted the Japanese advance towards Port Moresby in September 1942, and defeated an attempt by the Japanese to overpower an Allied base at Milne Bay. In the meantime, the Allies learned in July that the Japanese had begun building an airfield on Guadalcanal. Operating from this base the Japanese would threaten the shipping supply routes to Australia. To prevent this from occurring, the U.S. chose Tulagi and nearby Guadalcanal as the target of their first offensive. The failure of the Japanese to take Port Moresby, and their defeat at Midway, had the effect of dangling their base at",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720409",
"text": "from the Doolittle Raid in the central Pacific. TF16 immediately departed but would not reach the South Pacific in time to participate in the battle. Nimitz placed Fletcher in command of Allied naval forces in the South Pacific area until Halsey arrived with TF 16. Although the Coral Sea area was under MacArthur's command, Fletcher and Halsey were directed to continue to report to Nimitz while in the Coral Sea area, not to MacArthur. Based on intercepted radio traffic from TF 16 as it returned to Pearl Harbor, the Japanese assumed that all but one of the U.S. Navy's carriers",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720448",
"text": "U.S. rescue efforts to locate the oiler. More significantly, the news informed Fletcher his only nearby available fuel supply was gone. As nightfall ended aircraft operations for the day, Fletcher ordered TF 17 to head west and prepared to launch a 360° search at first light. Crace also turned west to stay within striking range of the Louisiades. Inoue directed Takagi to make sure he destroyed the U.S. carriers the next day, and postponed the Port Moresby landings to 12 May. Takagi elected to take his carriers north during the night so he could concentrate his morning search to the",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720427",
"text": "and the locations of the Japanese invasion forces. MacArthur's fliers' reports of seeing a carrier (\"Shōhō\") about northwest of TF17 further convinced Fletcher fleet carriers were accompanying the invasion force. At 18:00, TF 17 completed fueling and Fletcher detached \"Neosho\" with a destroyer, , to take station further south at a prearranged rendezvous (). TF 17 then turned to head northwest towards Rossel Island in the Louisiades. Unbeknownst to the two adversaries, their carriers were only away from each other by 20:00 that night. At 20:00 (), Hara reversed course to meet Takagi who completed refueling and was now heading",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720423",
"text": "a report before it crashed, but when it didn't return to base the Japanese correctly assumed that it had been shot down by carrier aircraft. A message from Pearl Harbor notified Fletcher that radio intelligence deduced the Japanese planned to land their troops at Port Moresby on 10 May and their fleet carriers would likely be operating close to the invasion convoy. Armed with this information, Fletcher directed TF 17 to refuel from \"Neosho\". After the refueling was completed on 6 May, he planned to take his forces north towards the Louisiades and do battle on 7 May. In the",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720416",
"text": "was forced to ditch in the sea. In order to try to keep to the \"MO\" timetable, Takagi was forced to abandon the delivery mission after the second attempt and direct his force towards the Solomon Islands to refuel. To give advance warning of the approach of any Allied naval forces, the Japanese sent submarines , , and to form a scouting line in the ocean about southwest of Guadalcanal. Fletcher's forces had entered the Coral Sea area before the submarines took station, and the Japanese were therefore unaware of their presence. Another submarine, , which was sent to scout",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720439",
"text": "using a prearranged message to signal TF 17 on the success of the mission, \"Lexington\" SBD pilot and squadron commander Robert E. Dixon radioed \"Scratch one flat top! Signed Bob.\" The U.S. aircraft returned and landed on their carriers by 13:38. By 14:20, the aircraft were rearmed and ready to launch against the Port Moresby Invasion Force or Gotō's cruisers. Fletcher was concerned that the locations of the rest of the Japanese fleet carriers were still unknown. He was informed that Allied intelligence sources believed that up to four Japanese carriers might be supporting the \"MO\" operation. Fletcher concluded that",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720411",
"text": "Rear Admiral Kōsō Abe, included 11 transport ships carrying about 5,000 soldiers from the IJA's South Seas Detachment plus approximately 500 troops from the 3rd Kure Special Naval Landing Force (SNLF). Escorting the transports was the Port Moresby Attack Force with one light cruiser and six destroyers under the command of Rear Admiral Sadamichi Kajioka. Abe's ships departed Rabaul for the trip to Port Moresby on 4 May and were joined by Kajioka's force the next day. The ships, proceeding at , planned to transit the Jomard Channel in the Louisiades to pass around the southern tip of New Guinea",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "4998926",
"text": "a state of war between the two nations. In launching this war, Japanese leaders sought to neutralize the American fleet, seize possessions rich in natural resources, and obtain strategic military bases to defend their far-flung empire. Japanese forces also attacked and took control of Hong Kong, the Philippines, Thailand, Malaya, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies, Wake Island, New Britain, and Guam. Two attempts by the Japanese to extend their defensive perimeter in the south and central Pacific were thwarted in the Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942) and the Battle of Midway (June 1942). These two strategic victories for",
"title": "Cactus Air Force"
},
{
"id": "720473",
"text": "the Combined Fleet on 14 July and were key participants in subsequent carrier battles against U.S. forces. The five \"I\"-class submarines supporting the \"MO\" operation were retasked to support an attack on Sydney Harbour three weeks later as part of a campaign to disrupt Allied supply lines. En route to Truk the submarine \"I-28\" was torpedoed on 17 May by the U.S. submarine and sunk with all hands. Both sides publicly claimed victory after the battle. In terms of ships lost, the Japanese won a tactical victory by sinking a U.S. fleet carrier, an oiler, and a destroyer – –",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720441",
"text": "not damaged. Gotō and Kajioka were told to assemble their ships south of Rossel Island for a night surface battle if the U.S. ships came within range. At 12:40, a Deboyne-based seaplane sighted and reported Crace's detached cruiser and destroyer force on a bearing of 175°, from Deboyne. At 13:15, an aircraft from Rabaul sighted Crace's force but submitted an erroneous report, stating the force contained two carriers and was located, bearing 205°, from Deboyne. Based on these reports, Takagi, who was still awaiting the return of all of his aircraft from attacking \"Neosho\", turned his carriers due west at",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720445",
"text": "eight torpedo bombers as scouts to sweep westward. About that same time, the dive bombers returned from their attack on \"Neosho\" and landed. Six of the weary dive bomber pilots were told they would be immediately departing on another mission. Choosing his most experienced crews, at 16:15 Hara launched 12 dive bombers and 15 torpedo planes with orders to fly on a heading of 277° to . The eight scout aircraft reached the end of their search leg and turned back without seeing Fletcher's ships. At 17:47, TF 17 – operating under thick overcast west of Takagi – detected the",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720421",
"text": "other ships, and destroyed four seaplanes which were supporting the landings. The U.S. lost one torpedo bomber and two fighters in the strikes, but all of the aircrew were eventually rescued. After recovering its aircraft late in the evening of 4 May, TF 17 retired towards the south. In spite of the damage suffered in the carrier strikes, the Japanese continued construction of the seaplane base and began flying reconnaissance missions from Tulagi by 6 May. Takagi's Carrier Striking Force was refueling north of Tulagi when it received word of Fletcher's strike on 4 May. Takagi terminated refueling, headed southeast,",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720493",
"text": "improved and the Allies learned how to employ it more effectively. Following the loss of \"Lexington\", improved methods for containing aviation fuel and better damage control procedures were implemented by the U.S. Coordination between the Allied land-based air forces and the U.S. Navy was poor during this battle, but this too would improve over time. Japanese and U.S. carriers faced off against each other again in the battles of Midway, the Eastern Solomons, and the Santa Cruz Islands in 1942, and the Philippine Sea in 1944. Each of these battles was strategically significant, to varying degrees, in deciding the course",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720400",
"text": "invasion of Northern Australia to prevent Australia from being used as a base to threaten Japan's perimeter defences in the South Pacific. The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) rejected the recommendation, stating that it did not have the forces or shipping capacity available to conduct such an operation. At the same time, Vice Admiral Shigeyoshi Inoue, commander of the IJN's Fourth Fleet (also called the South Seas Force) which consisted of most of the naval units in the South Pacific area, advocated the occupation of Tulagi in the southeastern Solomon Islands and Port Moresby in New Guinea, which would put Northern",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720466",
"text": "ship, along with 36 aircraft. \"Phelps\" and the other assisting warships left immediately to rejoin \"Yorktown\" and her escorts, which departed at 16:01, and TF17 retired to the southwest. Later that evening, MacArthur informed Fletcher that eight of his B-17s had attacked the invasion convoy and that it was retiring to the northwest. That evening, Crace detached \"Hobart\", which was critically low on fuel, and the destroyer , which was having engine trouble, to proceed to Townsville. Crace overheard radio reports saying the enemy invasion convoy had turned back, but, unaware Fletcher had withdrawn, he remained on patrol with the",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "739844",
"text": "to depression. The Allies – the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union, China, as well as Poland, Canada and other countries – fought the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan. The Allies saw Germany as the main threat and gave highest priority to Europe. The U.S. dominated the war against Japan and stopped Japanese expansion in the Pacific in 1942. After losing Pearl Harbor and in the Philippines to the Japanese, and drawing the Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942), the American Navy inflicted a decisive blow at Midway (June 1942). American ground forces assisted in the",
"title": "History of the United States"
},
{
"id": "720408",
"text": "Sea. Task Force 17 (TF 17), commanded by Rear Admiral Fletcher and consisting of the carrier , escorted by three cruisers and four destroyers and supported by a replenishment group of two oilers and two destroyers, was already in the South Pacific, having departed Tongatabu on 27 April en route to the Coral Sea. TF 11, commanded by Rear Admiral Aubrey Fitch and consisting of the carrier with two cruisers and five destroyers, was between Fiji and New Caledonia. TF 16, commanded by Vice Admiral William F. Halsey and including the carriers and , had just returned to Pearl Harbor",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "19272709",
"text": "and New Britain. The Japanese first bombed Darwin on 19 February 1942, and America's General Douglas MacArthur arrived in Australia on 17 March, after being ordered to leave the Philippines (which fell in early May). At this time Australia appeared in imminent danger of invasion, but two key naval battles reduced this threat. The battle of the Coral Sea, fought 4–8 May, prevented a Japanese invasion force from reaching Port Moresby, and the Battle of Midway, fought in early June 1942, crippled the offensive power of the Japanese aircraft carrier force. Australia now became the springboard for the Allied attempt",
"title": "Mount St John Anti-Aircraft Battery"
},
{
"id": "720446",
"text": "Japanese strike on radar heading in their direction, turned southeast into the wind, and vectored 11 CAP Wildcats, including one piloted by James H. Flatley, to intercept. Taking the Japanese formation by surprise, the Wildcats shot down seven torpedo bombers and one dive bomber, and heavily damaged another torpedo bomber (which later crashed), at a cost of three Wildcats lost. Having taken heavy losses in the attack, which also scattered their formations, the Japanese strike leaders canceled the mission after conferring by radio. The Japanese aircraft all jettisoned their ordnance and reversed course to return to their carriers. The sun",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720402",
"text": "sea and secured by 10 May. The plan also included the seizure of Tulagi on 2–3 May, where the navy would establish a seaplane base for potential air operations against Allied territories and forces in the South Pacific and to provide a base for reconnaissance aircraft. Upon the completion of \"MO\", the navy planned to initiate Operation \"RY\", using ships released from \"MO\", to seize Nauru and Ocean Island for their phosphate deposits on 15 May. Further operations against Fiji, Samoa and New Caledonia (Operation \"FS\") were to be planned once \"MO\" and \"RY\" were completed. Because of a damaging",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720434",
"text": "force included the light carrier \"Shōhō\", Nielsen thought that he saw two cruisers and four destroyers and thus the main fleet. At 10:12, Fletcher received a report of an aircraft carrier, ten transports, and 16 warships south of Nielsen's sighting at . The B-17s actually saw the same thing as Nielsen: \"Shōhō\", Gotō's cruisers, plus the Port Moresby Invasion Force. Believing that the B-17's sighting was the main Japanese carrier force (which was in fact well to the east), Fletcher directed the airborne strike force towards this target. At 09:15, Takagi's strike force reached its target area, sighted \"Neosho\" and",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720418",
"text": "reported that they would not be finished fueling until 4 May. Fletcher elected to take TF 17 northwest towards the Louisiades and ordered TF 11 to meet TF 44, which was en route from Sydney and Nouméa, on 4 May once refueling was complete. TF 44 was a joint Australia–U.S. warship force under MacArthur's command, led by Australian Rear Admiral John Crace and made up of the cruisers , , and , along with three destroyers. Once it completed refueling TF 11, \"Tippecanoe\" departed the Coral Sea to deliver its remaining fuel to Allied ships at Efate. Early on 3",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "13492584",
"text": "aircraft and 12 pilots. The Battle of the Coral Sea, which was fought mostly in the waters south-east of Papua in early May, diverted a Japanese naval attack against Port Moresby and removed the immediate threat. However, by May 1942 the Japanese had established themselves in the arc of islands north and east of the island of New Guinea as well as in the region around Lae and Madang on the north coast of the mainland. Battle of Port Moresby The Battle of Port Moresby was an aerial battle fought between the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) and United States",
"title": "Battle of Port Moresby"
},
{
"id": "720463",
"text": "undamaged Japanese carriers and that this was supported by radio intercepts. Believing that he faced overwhelming Japanese carrier superiority, Fletcher elected to withdraw TF17 from the battle. Fletcher radioed MacArthur the approximate position of the Japanese carriers and suggested that he attack with his land-based bombers. Around 14:30, Hara informed Takagi that only 24 Zeros, eight dive bombers, and four torpedo planes from the carriers were currently operational. Takagi was worried about his ships' fuel levels; his cruisers were at 50% and some of his destroyers were as low as 20%. At 15:00, Takagi notified Inoue his fliers had sunk",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720432",
"text": "08:15 towards the reported sighting. At 08:20, one of the \"Furutaka\" aircraft found Fletcher's carriers and immediately reported it to Inoue's headquarters at Rabaul, which passed the report on to Takagi. The sighting was confirmed by a \"Kinugasa\" floatplane at 08:30. Takagi and Hara, confused by the conflicting sighting reports they were receiving, decided to continue with the strike on the ships to their south, but turned their carriers towards the northwest to close the distance with \"Furutaka's\" reported contact. Takagi and Hara considered that the conflicting reports might mean that the U.S. carrier forces were operating in two separate",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720480",
"text": "of repair in Japan. Historians H. P. Willmott, Jonathan Parshall, and Anthony Tully believe Yamamoto made a significant strategic error in his decision to support \"MO\" with strategic assets. Since Yamamoto had decided the decisive battle with the U.S. was to take place at Midway, he should not have diverted any of his important assets, especially fleet carriers, to a secondary operation like \"MO\". Yamamoto's decision meant Japanese naval forces were weakened just enough at both the Coral Sea and Midway battles to allow the Allies to defeat them in detail. Willmott adds, if either operation was important enough to",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720492",
"text": "reserves or advanced training programs for new airmen. Coral Sea started a trend which resulted in the irreparable attrition of Japan's veteran carrier aircrews by the end of October 1942. The U.S. did not perform as expected, but they learned from their mistakes in the battle and made improvements to their carrier tactics and equipment, including fighter tactics, strike coordination, torpedo bombers and defensive strategies, such as anti-aircraft artillery, which contributed to better results in later battles. Radar gave the U.S. a limited advantage in this battle, but its value to the U.S. Navy increased over time as the technology",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "9013329",
"text": "Philippines surrendered in May 1942, leaving Japan with approximately ten thousand American prisoners. While it was subduing the Philippines, Japan also conquered Thailand, British Malaya, Singapore, much of Burma, and the Dutch East Indies. After capturing of its initial invasion targets, Japan looked to further expand its territory, taking control of the Solomon Islands and parts of New Guinea. In May 1942, American and Australian forces defeated the Japanese in the Battle of the Coral Sea, prompting a Japanese land campaign across the island of New Guinea. Seeking to seize control of a strategically-placed island and destroy the U.S. fleet",
"title": "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt"
},
{
"id": "720476",
"text": "battle had a substantial effect on the strategic planning of both sides. Without a hold in New Guinea, the subsequent Allied advance, arduous as it was, would have been even more difficult. For the Japanese, who focused on the tactical results, the battle was seen as merely a temporary setback. The results of the battle confirmed the low opinion held by the Japanese of U.S. fighting capability and supported their overconfident belief that future carrier operations against the U.S. were assured of success. One of the most significant effects of the Coral Sea battle was the loss of and to",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720482",
"text": "reason, and as a result, Japan lost four fleet carriers, the core of her naval offensive forces, and thereby lost the strategic initiative in the Pacific War. Parshall and Tully point out that, due to U.S. industrial strength, once Japan lost its numerical superiority in carrier forces as a result of Midway, Japan could never regain it. Parshall and Tully add, \"The Battle of the Coral Sea had provided the first hints that the Japanese high-water mark had been reached, but it was the Battle of Midway that put up the sign for all to see.\" The Australians and U.S.",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720456",
"text": "by two destroyers, retired to the northeast. At 10:55, \"Lexington\"s CXAM-1 radar detected the inbound Japanese aircraft at a range of and vectored nine Wildcats to intercept. Expecting the Japanese torpedo bombers to be at a much lower altitude than they actually were, six of the Wildcats were stationed too low, and thus missed the Japanese aircraft as they passed by overhead. Because of the heavy losses in aircraft suffered the night before, the Japanese could not execute a full torpedo attack on both carriers. Lieutenant Commander Shigekazu Shimazaki, commanding the Japanese torpedo planes, sent 14 to attack \"Lexington\" and",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "14570422",
"text": "Battle of the Coral Sea (film) Battle of the Coral Sea is a 1959 film directed by Paul Wendkos. It stars Cliff Robertson and Gia Scala. The crew of an American submarine are on a reconnaissance mission photographing Japanese installations through a periscope camera. When attacked by the Japanese (with similarities to the ) the submarine is scuttled and the crew is captured. Tortured by the Japanese, with the help of British and Australian prisoners the submarine's officers make an escape bid to get their information to the Allies. The film ends with footage of the Battle of the Coral",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea (film)"
},
{
"id": "3322366",
"text": "forces during the Battle of the Coral Sea. This battle is famous as the first carrier-on-carrier battle fought between fleets that never came within sight of each other. Fletcher with \"Yorktown\", Task Force 17, had been patrolling the Coral Sea and rendezvoused with Rear Admiral Aubrey Fitch with \"Lexington\", Task Force 11, and a tanker group. Fletcher finished refueling first and headed West. On hearing the enemy was occupying Tulagi, TF 17 attacked the landing beaches, sinking several small ships before rejoining \"Lexington\" and an Australian cruiser force under Rear Admiral John Gregory Crace on May 5. The next day,",
"title": "Frank Jack Fletcher"
},
{
"id": "720483",
"text": "forces in Australia were initially disappointed with the outcome of the Battle of the Coral Sea, fearing the \"MO\" operation was the precursor to an invasion of the Australian mainland and the setback to Japan was only temporary. In a meeting held in late May, the Australian Advisory War Council described the battle's result as \"rather disappointing\" given that the Allies had advance notice of Japanese intentions. General MacArthur provided Australian Prime Minister John Curtin with his assessment of the battle, stating that \"all the elements that have produced disaster in the Western Pacific since the beginning of the war\"",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720454",
"text": "\"Zuikaku\" were about apart, with \"Zuikaku\" hidden under a rain squall of low-hanging clouds. The two carriers were protected by 16 CAP Zero fighters. The \"Yorktown\" dive bombers commenced their attacks at 10:57 on \"Shōkaku\" and hit the radically maneuvering carrier with two bombs, tearing open the forecastle and causing heavy damage to the carrier's flight and hangar decks. The \"Yorktown\" torpedo planes missed with all of their ordnance. Two U.S. dive bombers and two CAP Zeros were shot down during the attack. \"Lexington\"s aircraft arrived and attacked at 11:30. Two dive bombers attacked \"Shōkaku\", hitting the carrier with one",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720474",
"text": "versus a light carrier, a destroyer, and several smaller warships – – sunk by the U.S. side. \"Lexington\" represented, at that time, 25% of U.S. carrier strength in the Pacific. The Japanese public was informed of the victory with overstatement of the U.S. damage and understatement of their own. In strategic terms, the Allies won because the seaborne invasion of Port Moresby was averted, lessening the threat to the supply lines between the U.S. and Australia. Although the withdrawal of \"Yorktown\" from the Coral Sea conceded the field, the Japanese were forced to abandon the operation that had initiated the",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720461",
"text": "the two adversaries passed each other in the air, resulting in more air-to-air altercations. Kanno's and Takahashi's aircraft were shot down, killing both of them. The strike forces, with many damaged aircraft, reached and landed on their respective carriers between 12:50 and 14:30. In spite of damage, \"Yorktown\" and \"Lexington\" were both able to recover aircraft from their returning air groups. During recovery operations, for various reasons the U.S. lost an additional five SBDs, two TBDs, and a Wildcat, and the Japanese lost two Zeros, five dive bombers, and one torpedo plane. Forty-six of the original 69 aircraft from the",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720438",
"text": "group attacked the burning and now almost stationary carrier, scoring with up to 11 more bombs and at least two torpedoes. Torn apart, \"Shōhō\" sank at 11:35 (). Fearing more air attacks, Gotō withdrew his warships to the north, but sent the destroyer back at 14:00 to rescue survivors. Only 203 of the carrier's 834-man crew were recovered. Three U.S. aircraft were lost in the attack: two SBDs from \"Lexington\" and one from \"Yorktown\". All of \"Shōhō\"s aircraft complement of 18 was lost, but three of the CAP fighter pilots were able to ditch at Deboyne and survived. At 12:10,",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720396",
"text": "for several reasons. The battle marked the first time since the start of the war that a major Japanese advance had been checked by the Allies. More importantly, the Japanese fleet carriers \"Shōkaku\" and —the former damaged and the latter with a depleted aircraft complement—were unable to participate in the Battle of Midway the following month, while \"Yorktown\" did participate, ensuring a rough parity in aircraft between the two adversaries and contributing significantly to the U.S. victory in that battle. The severe losses in carriers at Midway prevented the Japanese from reattempting to invade Port Moresby from the ocean and",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720472",
"text": "17 May, almost capsizing en route during a storm due to her battle damage. \"Zuikaku\" arrived at Kure on 21 May, having made a brief stop at Truk on 15 May. Acting on signals intelligence, the U.S. placed eight submarines along the projected route of the carriers' return paths to Japan, but the submarines were not able to make any attacks. Japan's Naval General Staff estimated that it would take two to three months to repair \"Shōkaku\" and replenish the carriers' air groups. Thus, both carriers would be unable to participate in Yamamoto's upcoming Midway operation. The two carriers rejoined",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "511959",
"text": "American troops began massing in Australia. In late May 1942, Japanese midget submarines sank an accommodation vessel in a daring raid on Sydney Harbour. On 8 June 1942, two Japanese submarines briefly shelled Sydney's eastern suburbs and the city of Newcastle. In an effort to isolate Australia, the Japanese planned a seaborne invasion of Port Moresby, in the Australian Territory of New Guinea. In May 1942, the US Navy engaged the Japanese in the Battle of the Coral Sea and halted the attack. The Battle of Midway in June effectively defeated the Japanese navy and the Japanese army launched a",
"title": "History of Australia"
},
{
"id": "720443",
"text": "shot down four G4Ms. A short time later, three U.S. Army B-17s mistakenly bombed Crace, but caused no damage. Crace at 15:26 radioed Fletcher he could not complete his mission without air support. Crace retired southward to a position about southeast of Port Moresby to increase the range from Japanese carrier- or land-based aircraft while remaining close enough to intercept any Japanese naval forces advancing beyond the Louisiades through either the Jomard Passage or the China Strait. Crace's ships were low on fuel, and as Fletcher was maintaining radio silence (and had not informed him in advance), Crace had no",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "720465",
"text": "near the ship's central control station. The resulting explosion killed 25 men and started a large fire. Around 14:42, another large explosion occurred, starting a second severe fire. A third explosion occurred at 15:25 and at 15:38 the ship's crew reported the fires as uncontrollable. \"Lexington\"s crew began abandoning ship at 17:07. After the carrier's survivors were rescued, including Admiral Fitch and the ship's captain, Frederick C. Sherman, at 19:15 the destroyer fired five torpedoes into the burning ship, which sank in 2,400 fathoms at 19:52 (). Two hundred and sixteen of the carrier's 2,951-man crew went down with the",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
},
{
"id": "11275249",
"text": "began massing in Australia. In late May 1942, Japanese midget submarines sank an accommodation vessel in a daring raid on Sydney Harbour. On 8 June 1942, two Japanese submarines briefly shelled Sydney's eastern suburbs and the city of Newcastle. In an effort to isolate Australia, the Japanese planned a seaborne invasion of Port Moresby, in the Australian Territory of New Guinea. In May 1942, the U.S. Navy engaged the Japanese in the Battle of the Coral Sea and halted the attack. The Battle of Midway in June effectively defeated the Japanese navy and the Japanese army launched a land assault",
"title": "Australian home front during World War II"
},
{
"id": "720460",
"text": "damaged \"Yorktown\"s hull below the waterline. Two of the dive bombers were shot down by a CAP Wildcat during the attack. As the Japanese aircraft completed their attacks and began to withdraw, believing that they inflicted fatal damage to both carriers, they ran a gauntlet of CAP Wildcats and SBDs. In the ensuing aerial duels, three SBDs and three Wildcats for the U.S., and three torpedo bombers, one dive bomber, and one Zero for the Japanese were downed. By 12:00, the U.S. and Japanese strike groups were on their way back to their respective carriers. During their return, aircraft from",
"title": "Battle of the Coral Sea"
}
] | who started the battle of the coral sea |
|
| [
{
"id": "657808",
"text": "Reconstruction era The Reconstruction era was the period from 1863 to 1877 in American history. The term has two applications: the first applies to the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877 following the American Civil War; the second, to the attempted transformation of the 11 ex-Confederate states from 1863 to 1877, as directed by Congress. Reconstruction ended the remnants of Confederate secession and ended slavery, making the newly free slaves citizens with civil rights apparently guaranteed by three new Constitutional amendments. Three visions of Civil War memory appeared during Reconstruction: the reconciliationist vision, which was rooted",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "657816",
"text": "in 1863 (with Emancipation and the Port Royal experiment) rather than 1865. The usual ending has always been 1877. Reconstruction policies were debated in the North when the war began, and commenced in earnest after Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, issued on January 1, 1863. As Confederate states came back under control of the U.S. Army, President Abraham Lincoln set up reconstructed governments in Tennessee, Arkansas, and Louisiana during the war. He experimented by giving land to blacks in South Carolina. By fall 1865, the new President Andrew Johnson declared the war goals of national unity and the ending of slavery achieved",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "4578",
"text": "of secession, and all the acts of the legislatures within seceding states intended to give effect to such ordinances, were \"absolutely null\", under the constitution. Reconstruction began during the war, with the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, and it continued until 1877. It comprised multiple complex methods to resolve the outstanding issues of the war's aftermath, the most important of which were the three \"Reconstruction Amendments\" to the Constitution, which remain in effect to the present time: the 13th (1865), the 14th (1868) and the 15th (1870). From the Union perspective, the goals of Reconstruction were to consolidate the",
"title": "American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "4452",
"text": "course of four years. Intense combat left 620,000 to 750,000 people dead, more than the number of U.S. military deaths in all other wars combined. The war ended when General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at the Battle of Appomattox Court House. Confederate generals throughout the southern states followed suit. Much of the South's infrastructure was destroyed, especially the transportation systems. The Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and four million black slaves were freed. During the Reconstruction Era that followed the war, national unity was slowly restored, the national government expanded its power, and civil rights",
"title": "American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "657815",
"text": "the North after the Democrats, who strongly opposed Reconstruction, regained control of the House of Representatives in 1874. In 1877, as part of a Congressional bargain to elect Republican Rutherford B. Hayes as president following the close 1876 presidential election, U.S. Army troops no longer supported Republican state governments. Reconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of American civil rights. Historian Eric Foner argues: In the different states Reconstruction began and ended at different times; federal Reconstruction ended with the Compromise of 1877. In recent decades most historians follow Foner in dating the Reconstruction of the south as starting",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "7309120",
"text": "for city planners around the world. Following the American Civil War, great changes occurred in the United States. After the war, the former Confederate States were put under federal occupation and federal lawmakers attempted to gain equality for blacks by outlawing slavery and giving them citizenship. After several years, however, Southern states began rejoining the Union as their populations pledged loyalty to the United States government, and in 1877 Reconstruction as this period was called, came to an end. After being re-admitted to the Union, Southern lawmakers passed segregation laws and laws preventing blacks from voting, resulting in blacks being",
"title": "History of Western civilization"
},
{
"id": "6792367",
"text": "Ten percent plan The ten percent plan, formally the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (), was a United States presidential proclamation issued on December 8, 1863, by President Abraham Lincoln, during the American Civil War. By this point in the war (nearly three years in), the Union Army had pushed the Confederate Army out of several regions of the South, and some rebellious states were ready to have their governments rebuilt. Lincoln's plan established a process through which this postwar reconstruction could come about. A component of President Lincoln's preliminary plans for the postwar reconstruction of the South, this proclamation",
"title": "Ten percent plan"
},
{
"id": "19943198",
"text": "Carolina. The Beaufort area came under the control of the Union Army in November 1861. As a result, it was one of the first places in the United States where emancipated slaves \"voted, bought property and created churches, schools and businesses.\" The four sites that are part of the monument are: Reconstruction Era National Monument The Reconstruction Era National Monument is a United States National Monument in Beaufort County, South Carolina established by President Barack Obama in January 2017 to preserve and commemorate activities during the Reconstruction Era that followed the American Civil War. The monument is the first U.S.",
"title": "Reconstruction Era National Monument"
},
{
"id": "12633856",
"text": "calamitous. It was originally a civil war in the estimation of both parties... .\" Framing the American Revolutionary War as a civil war is making its way to classrooms on both sides of the Atlantic. After the American Civil War, the federal government started in 1865-1877 a process called Reconstruction, which aimed to restore the South to the Union and update the federal and state governance in accordance with the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. Due to severity of the social, political, and constitutional challenges and conflicts of the Reconstruction Era, the Reconstruction is sometimes",
"title": "Second American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "6792372",
"text": "pocket-vetoed this new bill. Ten percent plan The ten percent plan, formally the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (), was a United States presidential proclamation issued on December 8, 1863, by President Abraham Lincoln, during the American Civil War. By this point in the war (nearly three years in), the Union Army had pushed the Confederate Army out of several regions of the South, and some rebellious states were ready to have their governments rebuilt. Lincoln's plan established a process through which this postwar reconstruction could come about. A component of President Lincoln's preliminary plans for the postwar reconstruction of",
"title": "Ten percent plan"
},
{
"id": "1945106",
"text": "keep ex-Confederates from gaining political offices and undoing the North's victory in the Civil War. The Reconstruction Era of the United States after the American Civil War was in the nineteenth and early twentieth century usually viewed as an era of Southern exploitation and corruption by Northern politicians and harsh federal policies, led by the Radical Republicans. The plight of the freedmen during Reconstruction was largely ignored by conservative historians who followed the Dunning School. According to historian Eric Foner, during the 1960s, revisionist historians have reinterpreted Reconstruction \"in the light of changed attitudes toward the place of blacks within",
"title": "Charles Sumner"
},
{
"id": "19943193",
"text": "Reconstruction Era National Monument The Reconstruction Era National Monument is a United States National Monument in Beaufort County, South Carolina established by President Barack Obama in January 2017 to preserve and commemorate activities during the Reconstruction Era that followed the American Civil War. The monument is the first U.S. National Monument dedicated to the Reconstruction Era. It is administered by the National Park Service. The campaign to create a Reconstruction Era National Monument spanned fifteen years, beginning in the final days of the Bill Clinton administration, when outgoing Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt visited the Beaufort area, accompanied by historian Eric",
"title": "Reconstruction Era National Monument"
},
{
"id": "657818",
"text": "removed civilian governments in the South, and placed the former Confederacy under the rule of the U.S. Army. The army conducted new elections in which the freed slaves could vote, while whites who had held leading positions under the Confederacy were temporarily denied the vote and were not permitted to run for office. In ten states, coalitions of freedmen, recent black and white arrivals from the North (carpetbaggers), and white Southerners who supported Reconstruction (scalawags) cooperated to form Republican biracial state governments. They introduced various reconstruction programs including: funding public schools, establishing charitable institutions, raising taxes, and funding public improvements",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "657832",
"text": "well into the 20th century, the South was locked into a system of poverty. How much of this failure was caused by the war and by previous reliance on agriculture remains the subject of debate among economists and historians. During the Civil War, the Radical Republican leaders argued that slavery and the Slave Power had to be permanently destroyed. Moderates said this could be easily accomplished as soon as Confederate armies surrendered and the Southern states repealed secession and accepted the 13th Amendment – most of which happened by December 1865. President Lincoln was the leader of the moderate Republicans",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "14179609",
"text": "oppose him. He was succeeded as president by Republican Rutherford B. Hayes after the contested 1876 presidential election. Reconstruction after the Civil War took precedence during Grant's first term of office. By 1870, all former Confederate states had been readmitted into the United States and were represented in Congress, but the federal government remained active in the South to protect the rights of former slaves. Congress crafted three powerful Enforcement Acts to suppress violence by the insurgent Ku Klux Klan, and established the Department of Justice and the Office of Solicitor General. These actions bolstered the Grant Administration's ability to",
"title": "Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant"
},
{
"id": "657905",
"text": "to defend their base and attacked Grant's entire set of policies. On October 21, 1876 President Grant deployed troops to protect black and white Republican voters in Petersburg, Virginia. Grant's support from Congress and the nation declined due to scandals within his administration and the political resurgence of the Democrats in the North and South. By 1870, most Republicans felt the war goals had been achieved, and they turned their attention to other issues such as economic policies. On April 20, 1871, the U.S. Congress launched a 21-member investigation committee on the status of the Southern Reconstruction states: North Carolina,",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "3563930",
"text": "ports open and its rivers clear as was the case in the [[Siege of Vicksburg|Battle of Vickysburg]]. The [[Union (American Civil War)|North]] kept up the pressure as the South could barely feed and clothe its soldiers. Its soldiers, especially those in the East under the command of General [[Robert E. Lee]] proved highly resourceful until they finally were overwhelmed by Generals [[Ulysses S. Grant]] and [[William Tecumseh Sherman|William T. Sherman]] in 1864–65. The [[Reconstruction era|Reconstruction Era]] (1863–77) began with the [[Emancipation Proclamation|Emancipation proclamation]] in 1863, and included freedom, full citizenship and voting rights for Southern blacks. It was followed by",
"title": "Modern history"
},
{
"id": "8781104",
"text": "in Southeast Asia, with the People's Republic of China, as the Chinese Communist Party emerged victorious from the Chinese Civil War in 1949. At the end of the war, millions of people were dead and millions more homeless, the European economy had collapsed, and much of the European industrial infrastructure had been destroyed. The Soviet Union, too, had been heavily affected. In response, in 1947, U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall devised the \"European Recovery Program\", which became known as the Marshall Plan. Under the plan, during 1948–1952 the United States government allocated US$13 billion (US$ billion in 2018 dollars)",
"title": "Aftermath of World War II"
},
{
"id": "4458",
"text": "Grant's command of all Union armies in 1864. Inflicting an ever-tightening naval blockade of Confederate ports, the Union marshaled the resources and manpower to attack the Confederacy from all directions, leading to the fall of Atlanta to William T. Sherman and his march to the sea. The last significant battles raged around the Siege of Petersburg. Lee's escape attempt ended with his surrender at Appomattox Court House, on April 9, 1865. While the military war was coming to an end, the political reintegration of the nation was to take another 12 years, known as the Reconstruction Era. The American Civil",
"title": "American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "13876097",
"text": "modern Juneteenth celebrations. Freedmen looked to start new lives as the country recovered from the devastation of the Civil War. Immediately following the Civil War, the federal government began a program known as Reconstruction aimed at rebuilding the states of the former Confederacy. The federal programs also provided aid to the former slaves and attempted to integrate them as citizens into society. During and after this period, blacks made substantial gains in their political power and many were able to move from abject poverty to land ownership. At the same time resentment by many whites toward these gains resulted in",
"title": "Civil rights movement (1865–1896)"
},
{
"id": "657830",
"text": "up large plantations and rented small lots to the freedmen and their families. The main feature of the Southern economy changed from an elite minority of landed gentry slaveholders into a tenant farming agriculture system. The end of the Civil War was accompanied by a large migration of new freed people to the cities. In the cities, African Americans were relegated to the lowest paying jobs such as unskilled and service labor. Men worked as rail workers, rolling and lumber mills workers, and hotel workers. The large population of slave artisans during the antebellum period had not been translated into",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "4298053",
"text": "as president of the Organization of American Historians, American Historical Association, and Society of American Historians. Foner has long been considered a leading authority on the Reconstruction Era of American history. In a seminal essay in \"American Heritage\" in October 1982, later reprinted in \"Reviews in American History\", Foner wrote, In the past twenty years, no period of American history has been the subject of a more thoroughgoing reevaluation than Reconstruction—the violent, dramatic, and still controversial era following the Civil War. Race relations, politics, social life, and economic change during Reconstruction have all been reinterpreted in the light of changed",
"title": "Eric Foner"
},
{
"id": "657862",
"text": "illness that devastated army regiments. Freed slaves suffered from smallpox, yellow fever, and malnutrition. President Abraham Lincoln was concerned to effect a speedy restoration of the Confederate states to the Union after the Civil War. In 1863, President Lincoln proposed a moderate plan for the Reconstruction of the captured Confederate State of Louisiana. The plan granted amnesty to Rebels who took an oath of loyalty to the Union. Black Freedmen workers were tied to labor on plantations for one year at $10 a month pay. Only 10% of the state's electorate had to take the loyalty oath in order for",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "739715",
"text": "by 1804, but the South continued to profit off of the institution, mostly from production of cotton. Republican Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860 on a platform of halting the expansion of slavery. Seven Southern slave states rebelled and created the foundation of the Confederacy. Its attack of Fort Sumter against the Union forces started the Civil War (1861–1865). Confederate defeat led to the impoverishment of the South and the abolition of slavery. In the Reconstruction Era (1863–1877), legal and voting rights were extended to freed slaves. The national government emerged much stronger, and because of the Fourteenth Amendment in",
"title": "History of the United States"
},
{
"id": "9778148",
"text": "January 2018 was declared by a federal court to be unconstitutional. Such cases are expected to reach the Supreme Court. The American Civil War ended in 1865, marking the start of the Reconstruction era in the eleven former Confederate states. Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts, starting in 1867, establishing military districts to oversee the affairs of these states pending reconstruction. During the Reconstruction era, blacks constituted absolute majorities of the populations in Mississippi and South Carolina, were equal to the white population in Louisiana, and represented more than 40 percent of the population in four other former Confederate states. Southern",
"title": "Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era"
},
{
"id": "657825",
"text": "were especially opposed to the corruption they saw around President Grant, and believed that the goals of the Civil War had been achieved so that the federal military intervention could now end. Passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments is the constitutional legacy of Reconstruction. These Reconstruction Amendments established the rights that led to Supreme Court rulings in the mid-20th century that struck down school segregation. A \"Second Reconstruction\", sparked by the Civil Rights Movement, led to civil rights laws in 1964 and 1965 that ended segregation and re-opened the polls to blacks. Reconstruction played out against an economy",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "4570",
"text": "action or (on December 6, 1865) by the Thirteenth Amendment. The war destroyed much of the wealth that had existed in the South. All accumulated investment Confederate bonds was forfeit; most banks and railroads were bankrupt. Income per person in the South dropped to less than 40 percent of that of the North, a condition that lasted until well into the 20th century. Southern influence in the U.S. federal government, previously considerable, was greatly diminished until the latter half of the 20th century. The full restoration of the Union was the work of a highly contentious postwar era known as",
"title": "American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "6237075",
"text": "Reconstruction of Germany The reconstruction of Germany after World War II was a long process. Germany had suffered heavy losses during the war, both in lives and industrial power. 6.9 to 7.5 million Germans had been killed, roughly 8.26 to 8.86 percent of the population (see also World War II casualties). The country's cities were severely damaged from heavy bombing in the closing chapters of the War and agricultural production was only 35 percent of what it was before the war. At the Potsdam Conference, the victorious Allies ceded roughly 25 percent of Germany's pre-Anschluss territory to Poland and the",
"title": "Reconstruction of Germany"
},
{
"id": "657820",
"text": "in the south led to federal intervention by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1871, which suppressed the Klan. Nevertheless, white Democrats, calling themselves \"Redeemers\", regained control of the south state by state, sometimes using fraud and violence to control state elections. A deep national economic depression following the Panic of 1873 led to major Democratic gains in the North, the collapse of many railroad schemes in the South, and a growing sense of frustration in the North. The end of Reconstruction was a staggered process, and the period of Republican control ended at different times in different states. With the",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "9536930",
"text": "to Opelousas in May. Thomas Moore organized military resistance at the state level, ordered the burning of cotton, cessation of trade with the Union forces, and heavily recruited troops for the state militia. Battles in Louisiana tended to be concentrated along the major waterways, like the Red River Campaign. After meeting the requirements of Reconstruction, including ratifying amendments to the US Constitution to abolish slavery and grant citizenship to former slaves, Louisiana's representatives were readmitted to Congress. The state was fully restored to the United States on July 9, 1868. As part of the Compromise of 1877, under which Southern",
"title": "Louisiana in the American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "657860",
"text": "convinced that \"a military necessity\" was needed to strike at slavery in order to win the Civil War for the Union. The Confiscation Acts were only having a minimal effect to end slavery. On July 22, he wrote a first draft of the Emancipation Proclamation that freed the slaves in states in rebellion. After he showed his cabinet the document, slight alterations were made in the wording. Lincoln decided that the defeat of the Confederate invasion of the North at Sharpsburg was enough of a battlefield victory to enable him to release the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation that gave the rebels",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "657975",
"text": "previous congressional civil rights legislation; and the economic reestablishment of conservative white planters in the South by 1877. Historian William McFeely explained that although the constitutional amendments and civil rights legislation on their own merit were remarkable achievements, no permanent government agency whose specific purpose was civil rights enforcement had been created. More recent work by Nina Silber, David W. Blight, Cecelia O'Leary, Laura Edwards, LeeAnn Whites, and Edward J. Blum, has encouraged greater attention to race, religion, and issues of gender while at the same time pushing the \"end\" of Reconstruction to the end of the 19th century, while",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "469829",
"text": "in military technology, such as iron and steel warships, and the development and initial deployment of early machine guns added to the destruction. After the American Civil War, turmoil continued in the Reconstruction era, with the rise of white supremacist organizations like the Ku Klux Klan and the issue of granting Civil Rights to Freedmen. Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts include: 1860s The 1860s was the ten-year period from the years 1860 to 1869. The abolition of Slavery in the United States led to the breakdown of the Atlantic slave trade, which was already suffering from the abolition",
"title": "1860s"
},
{
"id": "4580",
"text": "been achieved and that Reconstruction should end. They ran a presidential ticket in 1872 but were decisively defeated. In 1874, Democrats, primarily Southern, took control of Congress and opposed any more reconstruction. The Compromise of 1877 closed with a national consensus that the Civil War had finally ended. With the withdrawal of federal troops, however, whites retook control of every Southern legislature; the Jim Crow period of disenfranchisement and legal segregation was about to begin. The Civil War is one of the central events in American collective memory. There are innumerable statues, commemorations, books and archival collections. The memory includes",
"title": "American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "8610068",
"text": "officially declared this engagement as the \"last battle of the War Between the States.\" The war left most of Georgia devastated, with many dead and wounded, and the state's economy in shambles. The slaves were emancipated in 1865, and Reconstruction started immediately after the hostilities ceased. Georgia did not re-enter the Union until June 15, 1870, as the last of the former Confederate states to be re-admitted. The state remained poor well into the twentieth century. Many of Georgia's Civil War battlefields, particularly those around Atlanta, have been lost to modern urban development. However, a number of sites have been",
"title": "Georgia in the American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "657851",
"text": "Commission, was first held in Ft. Smith, Arkansas in September 1865, was attended by hundreds of Indians representing dozens of tribes. Over the next several years the commission negotiated treaties with tribes that resulted in additional relocations to Indian Territory and the de facto creation (initially by treaty) of an unorganized Oklahoma Territory. President Lincoln signed two Confiscation Acts into law, the first on August 6, 1861, and the second on July 17, 1862, safeguarding fugitive slaves from the Confederacy that came over into Union lines and giving them indirect emancipation if their masters continued insurrection against the United States.",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "657895",
"text": "writ of habeas corpus to allow federal courts to vacate unlawful state court convictions or sentences in 1867 (28 U.S.C. §2254). With the Radicals in control, Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts on July 19, 1867. The first Reconstruction Act, authored by Oregon Sen. George H. Williams, a Radical Republican, placed 10 of the former Confederate states—all but Tennessee—under military control, grouping them into five military districts: 20,000 U.S. troops were deployed to enforce the Act. The four border states that had not joined the Confederacy were not subject to military Reconstruction. West Virginia, which had seceded from Virginia in 1863,",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "8781172",
"text": "infrastructure destroyed. The property damage in the Soviet Union consisted of complete or partial destruction of 1,710 cities and towns, 70,000 villages/hamlets, and 31,850 industrial establishments. The strength of the economic recovery following the war varied throughout the world, though in general, it was quite robust, particularly in the United States. In Europe, West Germany, after having continued to decline economically during the first years of the Allied occupation, later experienced a remarkable recovery, and had by the end of the 1950s doubled production from its pre-war levels. Italy came out of the war in poor economic condition, but by",
"title": "Aftermath of World War II"
},
{
"id": "2742801",
"text": "the invasion of Poland in September 1939 which marked the beginning of World War II, the campaign of ethnic \"cleansing\" became the goal of military operations for the first time since the end of World War I. The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration was set up in 1943, to provide humanitarian relief to the huge numbers of potential and existing refugees in areas facing Allied liberation. UNRRA provided billions of US dollars of rehabilitation aid, and helped about 8 million refugees. It ceased operations in Europe in 1947, and in Asia in 1949, upon which it ceased to exist.",
"title": "World War II evacuation and expulsion"
},
{
"id": "441537",
"text": "antecedents. The First World War displaced more refugees than in Europeans' living memory, first from Belgium in 1914, later in eastern Europe, cf. the civil wars and new national boundaries of 1917-19. Relief was undertaken largely by private charities, often American as organized by Herbert Hoover. The Second World War seemed likely to create still more refugees, prompting governments to act: U.S. president Franklin Delano Roosevelt proposed the agency in June, 1943, to provide relief to areas liberated from Axis powers when the fighting ended. Roosevelt had already obtained the approval of the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and China;",
"title": "United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration"
},
{
"id": "5958092",
"text": "hot meals, packaged food, bottled water and other supplies like diapers, mops, and dust masks. The Salvation Army also had many stations giving food. Temporary free clinics provided some medical care. Towards the end of 2005, the relief centers were wound down, starting with those in functioning parts of the city. Red Cross meals continued at a much smaller scale into 2006 from trucks traveling around the worst-hit and poorest neighborhoods. The Southern Baptist Convention sent feeding units to New Orleans and the Mississippi Gulf Coast the day after Katrina struck New Orleans. Since this time, the Southern Baptist Convention",
"title": "Reconstruction of New Orleans"
},
{
"id": "657902",
"text": "Tennessee and northern Mississippi into the Union War effort and pay them for their labor. It was the beginning of his vision for the Freedmen's Bureau. Grant opposed President Johnson by supporting the Reconstruction Acts passed by the Radicals. Immediately upon Inauguration in 1869, Grant bolstered Reconstruction by prodding Congress to readmit Virginia, Mississippi, and Texas into the Union, while ensuring their constitutions protected every citizen's voting rights. Grant met with prominent black leaders for consultation, and signed a bill into law that guaranteed equal rights to both blacks and whites in Washington D.C. In Grant's two terms he strengthened",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "16004971",
"text": "broken in August as opposition forces advanced on the cities surrounding Tripoli. By the end of August, opposition fighters had captured Tripoli, with little resistance from Gaddafi forces. The opposition then launched a series of campaigns against the last pockets of resistance by Gaddafi loyalists, and in October, Gaddafi and several other leading figures in his government were captured and killed in Gaddafi's hometown of Sirte. On 23 October 2011, the National Transitional Council officially declared that Libya had been liberated. Libya's \"de facto\" Prime Minister, Mahmoud Jibril announced that consultations were under way to form an interim government within",
"title": "Aftermath of the 2011 Libyan Civil War"
},
{
"id": "657893",
"text": "be the most rapid means of political education and training. Many blacks took an active part in voting and political life, and rapidly continued to build churches and community organizations. Following Reconstruction, white Democrats and insurgent groups used force to regain power in the state legislatures, and pass laws that effectively disfranchised most blacks and many poor whites in the South. From 1890 to 1910, southern states passed new constitutions that completed disfranchisement of blacks. U.S. Supreme Court rulings on these provisions upheld many of these new southern constitutions and laws, and most blacks were prevented from voting in the",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "18760024",
"text": "$881,000 but was funded out of a separate fund controlled by the president. The original schedule called for the work to be finished in late 1951. By the end of 1950 the contractor estimated it would take until 1952. John McShain encountered the president at a football game on January 1, 1951 and jokingly told the president he would be in the White House that summer. The president took him seriously, announced it publicly, and invited Princess Elizabeth to visit in the autumn. The state visit occurred, but not in the (unfinished) White House. In early 1952 the president directed",
"title": "White House Reconstruction"
},
{
"id": "8218238",
"text": "Reconstruction Amendments The Reconstruction Amendments are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution, adopted between 1865 and 1870, the five years immediately following the Civil War. The last time the Constitution had been amended was with the Twelfth Amendment more than 60 years earlier in 1804. The Reconstruction amendments were important in implementing the Reconstruction of the American South after the war. Their proponents saw them as transforming the United States from a country that was (in Abraham Lincoln's words) \"half slave and half free\" to one in which the constitutionally guaranteed \"blessings of liberty\" would",
"title": "Reconstruction Amendments"
},
{
"id": "3066573",
"text": "necessary for the former Confederate States to be re-admitted to the Union from military and Federal control imposed during and after the American Civil War. The Acts excluded Tennessee, which had already ratified the 14th Amendment and had been readmitted to the Union. A key feature of the Acts included the creation of five military districts in the South, each commanded by a general, which would serve as the acting government for the region. In addition, Congress required that each state draft a new state constitution, which would have to be approved by Congress. The states also were required to",
"title": "Reconstruction Acts"
},
{
"id": "657822",
"text": "in the south would regain what the Constitution calls a \"republican form of government\" and be reseated in Congress, the civil status of the former leaders of the Confederacy, and the Constitutional and legal status of freedmen, especially their civil rights and whether they should be given the right to vote. Intense controversy erupted throughout the South over these issues. The laws and constitutional amendments that laid the foundation for the most radical phase of Reconstruction were adopted from 1866 to 1871. By the 1870s, Reconstruction had officially provided freedmen with equal rights under the constitution, and blacks were voting",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "4450",
"text": "American Civil War The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War is the most studied and written about episode in U.S. history. Primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people, war broke out in April 1861 when secessionist forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina shortly after Abraham Lincoln had been inaugurated as the President of the United States. The loyalists of the Union in the North proclaimed support for the Constitution. They faced secessionists of the Confederate",
"title": "American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "657919",
"text": "war, northern missionaries founded numerous private academies and colleges for freedmen across the South. In addition, every state founded state colleges for freedmen, such as Alcorn State University in Mississippi. The normal schools and state colleges produced generations of teachers who were integral to the education of African-American children under the segregated system. By the end of the century, the majority of African Americans were literate. In the late 19th century, the federal government established land grant legislation to provide funding for higher education across the United States. Learning that blacks were excluded from land grant colleges in the South,",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "657949",
"text": "courthouse. On Easter Sunday, April 13, 1873, the whites attacked the defenders at the courthouse. There was confusion about who shot one of the white leaders after an offer by the defenders to surrender. It was a catalyst to mayhem. In the end, three whites died and 120–150 blacks were killed, some 50 that evening while being held as prisoners. The disproportionate numbers of black to white fatalities and documentation of brutalized bodies are why contemporary historians call it the Colfax Massacre rather than the Colfax Riot, as it was known locally. This marked the beginning of heightened insurgency and",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "657891",
"text": "the immediate postwar era before the vote was granted to the freedmen, renounced secession and slavery, but not white supremacy. People who had previously held power were angered in 1867 when new elections were held. New Republican lawmakers were elected by a coalition of white Unionists, freedmen and northerners who had settled in the South. Some leaders in the South tried to accommodate to new conditions. Three Constitutional amendments, known as the Reconstruction Amendments, were adopted. The 13th Amendment abolishing slavery was ratified in 1865. The 14th Amendment was proposed in 1866 and ratified in 1868, guaranteeing United States citizenship",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "4553",
"text": "of the war itself are subjects of lingering contention today. The North and West grew rich while the once-rich South became poor for a century. The national political power of the slaveowners and rich southerners ended. Historians are less sure about the results of the postwar Reconstruction, especially regarding the second class citizenship of the Freedmen and their poverty. Historians have debated whether the Confederacy could have won the war. Most scholars, including James McPherson, argue that Confederate victory was at least possible. McPherson argues that the North's advantage in population and resources made Northern victory likely but not guaranteed.",
"title": "American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "657959",
"text": "to the political role of Northern troops, the President had no method to enforce Reconstruction, thus this \"back room\" deal signaled the end of American Reconstruction. After assuming office on March 4, 1877, President Hayes removed troops from the capitals of the remaining Reconstruction states, Louisiana and South Carolina, allowing the Redeemers to have full control of these states. President Grant had already removed troops from Florida, before Hayes was inaugurated, and troops from the other Reconstruction states had long since been withdrawn. Hayes appointed David M. Key from Tennessee, a Southern Democrat, to the position of Postmaster General. By",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "3926548",
"text": "later their homes and communities would receive the same treatment. Out-gunned, out-manned, and out-financed, defeat loomed after four years of fighting. When Lee surrendered to Grant in April 1865, the Confederacy fell. There was no insurgency, no treason trials, and only one war crimes trial. Reconstruction began as soon as the Union Army took control of a state; the start and ending times varied by state, beginning in 1863 and ending in 1877. Slavery ended and the large slave-based plantations were mostly subdivided into tenant or sharecropper farms of . Many white farmers (and some blacks) owned their land. However",
"title": "History of the Southern United States"
},
{
"id": "6683522",
"text": "newly freed slaves. Reconstruction began in earnest following the war. While President Lincoln attempted to foster friendship and forgiveness between the Union and the former Confederacy, an assassin's bullet on April 14, 1865, drove a wedge between North and South again. Republicans in the federal government made it their goal to oversee the rebuilding of the South and to ensure the rights of African Americans. They persisted until the Compromise of 1877 when the Republicans agreed to cease protecting the rights of African Americans in the South in order for Democrats to concede the presidential election of 1876. Southern white",
"title": "United States"
},
{
"id": "15512215",
"text": "in construction and housing. A comparative analysis of the first six quarters of post-war economic recoveries published in the August 1984 issue of the \"Monthly Labor Review\" indicated the 1983–1984 recovery was stronger than any post-war recovery since that of the 1953 recession. As the third year of recovery drew to a close in 1985, payroll employment had grown by 10 million since the end of the recession. Growth continued through July 1990, creating what was at the time the longest peacetime economic expansion in U.S. history. Although the economy recovered in 1983, the residual effects of high inflation and",
"title": "Early 1980s recession in the United States"
},
{
"id": "657961",
"text": "control of state legislatures. In the last decade of the 19th century, southern states elected five black U.S. Congressmen before disfranchising constitutions were passed throughout the former Confederacy. The interpretation of Reconstruction has been a topic of controversy. Nearly all historians hold that Reconstruction ended in failure but for very different reasons. The first generation of Northern historians believed that the former Confederates were traitors and Johnson was their ally who threatened to undo the Union's constitutional achievements. By the 1880s, however, Northern historians argued that Johnson and his allies were not traitors but had blundered badly in rejecting the",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "4506",
"text": "by the time they realized the mistake, it was too late. \"King Cotton\" was dead, as the South could export less than 10 percent of its cotton. The blockade shut down the ten Confederate seaports with railheads that moved almost all the cotton, especially New Orleans, Mobile, and Charleston. By June 1861, warships were stationed off the principal Southern ports, and a year later nearly 300 ships were in service. British investors built small, fast, steam-driven blockade runners that traded arms and luxuries brought in from Britain through Bermuda, Cuba, and the Bahamas in return for high-priced cotton. Many of",
"title": "American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "4502",
"text": "West, where a series of major rivers gave access to the Confederate heartland. The U.S. Navy eventually gained control of the Red, Tennessee, Cumberland, Mississippi, and Ohio rivers. In the East, the Navy supplied and moved army forces about, and occasionally shelled Confederate installations. The Civil War occurred during the early stages of the industrial revolution. Many naval innovations emerged during this time, most notably the advent of the ironclad warship. It began when the Confederacy, knowing they had to meet or match the Union's naval superiority, responded to the Union blockade by building or converting more than 130 vessels,",
"title": "American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "2691777",
"text": "Britain and the Belle Époque in France. With respect to eras of American history, historical views vary as to when the Gilded Age began, ranging from starting right after the American Civil War (ended, 1865), or 1873, or as the Reconstruction Era ended in 1877. The point noted as the end of the Gilded Age also varies. It is generally given as the beginning of the Progressive Era in the 1890s (sometimes the United States presidential election of 1896) but also falls in a range that includes the Spanish–American War in 1898, Theodore Roosevelt's accession to the presidency in 1901,",
"title": "Gilded Age"
},
{
"id": "657904",
"text": "the tough new laws. Grant sent federal troops to nine South Carolina counties to suppress Klan violence in 1871. Grant supported passage of the Fifteenth Amendment stating that no state could deny a man the right to vote on the basis of race. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1875 giving people access to public facilities regardless of race. To counter vote fraud in the Democratic stronghold of New York City, Grant sent in tens of thousands of armed, uniformed federal marshals and other election officials to regulate the 1870 and subsequent elections. Democrats across the North then mobilized",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "9911620",
"text": "1860 to less than 50,000 in 1865, while harvests of corn and wheat were also meager. After the war, new railroad lines and commercial fertilizers increased cotton production in Georgia's upcountry, but the coastal rice plantations never recovered from the war. Many emancipated slaves flocked to towns, where they encountered overcrowding and shortages of food, large numbers dying of epidemic diseases. The Freedmens Bureau returned much black labor to the field, mediating a contract-labor system between white landowners and their black workers, usually their former slaves. Taking advantage of educational opportunities available for the first time, within a year, at",
"title": "Georgia during Reconstruction"
},
{
"id": "11998596",
"text": "year that thousands of refugees from areas threatened by invasion came crowding into Augusta, leading to shortages in housing and provisions. Next came the threatening nearness of General Sherman's advancing army, causing panic in the streets of the once-quiet town. However, the city was never burned to the ground. After the War, Augusta and Georgia were both under martial law during the period known as Reconstruction. During this time, African American civil rights were expanded. Following the end of Reconstruction, the European American majority population of Georgia and other Southern U.S. states enacted Jim Crow laws to limit the rights",
"title": "History of Augusta, Georgia"
},
{
"id": "657900",
"text": "the defunct Confederacy increasingly seemed out of place, and the role of the United States Army and controlling politics in the state was troublesome. Increasingly, historian Mark Summers states, \"the disfranchisers had to fall back on the contention that denial of the vote was meant as punishment, and a lifelong punishment at that ... Month by month, the unrepublican character of the regime looked more glaring.\" During the Civil War, many in the North believed that fighting for the Union was a noble cause – for the preservation of the Union and the end of slavery. After the war ended,",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "13394411",
"text": "living was greater after the war than it had been before it, as well as to avoid a repetition of the poor conditions in which many returned soldiers from World War I lived. Treasurer Ben Chifley was appointed the first Minister for Post-War Reconstruction, and H. C. 'Nugget' Coombs became the department's first director-general on 15 January 1943. Historian David Lee has written that the establishment of the Department of Post-War Reconstruction formed part of the professionalism of the Australian Public Service during World War II. The department was initially given a wide range of responsibilities. These included overseeing the",
"title": "Department of Post-War Reconstruction"
},
{
"id": "35736",
"text": "decision to retreat from Atlanta, and he ordered the destruction of all public buildings and possible assets that could be of use to the Union Army. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, and on September 7, Sherman ordered the city's civilian population to evacuate. On November 11, 1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Army's March to the Sea by ordering the destruction of Atlanta's remaining military assets. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt. Due to the city's superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville",
"title": "Atlanta"
},
{
"id": "18692524",
"text": "Geneva peace talks. In 10 April 2016, cease fire agreement reached in Yemen, after months of negotiation, but peace talks were suspended on 6 August. Second Yemeni ceasefire attempt on 21 November 2016, collapsed within 48 hours. The U.S. and U.K. have put immense pressure on Saudi Arabia following the bombing campaign in Yemen and the brutal killing of Jamal Khashoggi, a Washington Post journalist. On 30 October 2018, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said “It is time to end this conflict, replace conflict with compromise, and allow the Yemeni people to heal through peace and reconstruction.” Pompeo emphasized",
"title": "Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)"
},
{
"id": "657829",
"text": "infrastructure. The direct costs to the Confederacy in human capital, government expenditures, and physical destruction from the war totaled $3.3 billion. By 1865, the Confederate dollar was worthless due to high inflation, and people in the South had to resort to bartering services for goods, or else use scarce Union dollars. With the emancipation of the southern slaves, the entire economy of the South had to be rebuilt. Having lost their enormous investment in slaves, white planters had minimal capital to pay freedmen workers to bring in crops. As a result, a system of sharecropping was developed where landowners broke",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "657854",
"text": "and freeing the estimated 3,500 slaves in the city and on June 19, 1862 he signed legislation outlawing slavery in all U.S. territories. On July 17, 1862 under the authority of the Confiscation Acts and an amended Force Bill of 1795, he authorized the recruitment of freed slaves into the Union army and seizure of any Confederate property for military purposes. In an effort to keep border states in the Union, President Lincoln as early as 1861 designed gradual compensated emancipation programs paid for by government bonds. Lincoln desired Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri to \"adopt a system of gradual",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "657894",
"text": "South until the 1960s. Full federal enforcement of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not reoccur until after passage of legislation in the mid-1960s as a result of the Civil Rights Movement. For details, see: The Reconstruction Acts as originally passed, were initially called \"An act to provide for the more efficient Government of the Rebel States\" the legislation was enacted by the 39th Congress, on March 2, 1867. It was vetoed by President Johnson, and the veto overridden by two-thirds majority, in both the House and the Senate, the same day. Congress also clarified the scope of the federal",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "5958085",
"text": "damage was less severe than predicted. Reconstruction was hindered by bureaucratic problems and funding issues with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Relief agencies provided supplemental relief. By mid-June 2006, the city was again hosting conventions and promoting tourism. On the Monday, September 5, 2005, residents were allowed to come back and inspect their homes after the storm. Some areas were again gaining electricity in downtown New Orleans. By September 6, the Mayor orders that all persons be evacuated from the city due to contaminated waters and unlivable conditions. Though some area had",
"title": "Reconstruction of New Orleans"
},
{
"id": "2397636",
"text": "by conservative pro-segregationist southerners well into the 20th century. But historians commonly use the term to refer to the group of historical actors with no pejorative meaning intended. After the American Civil War during the Reconstruction Era 1863 to 1869, Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson undertook policies designed to bring the South back to normal as soon as possible, while the Radical Republicans used Congress to block the president, impose harsh terms, and upgrade the rights of the Freedmen (the ex-slaves). In the South, Black Freedmen and White Southerners with Republican sympathies joined forces with Northerners who had moved",
"title": "Scalawag"
},
{
"id": "9536861",
"text": "counties. The militia spent the next few weeks identifying and apprehending suspected Peace Society members throughout the mountains of north-central Arkansas. Finally, in mid-December, the regiment \"escorted\" their prisoners to Little Rock, where most of them were forced into Confederate service. After meeting the requirements of Reconstruction, including ratifying amendments to the US Constitution to abolish slavery and grant citizenship to former slaves, Arkansas's representatives were readmitted to Congress. The state was fully restored to the United States on June 22, 1868, becoming the second former Confederate state to gain readmission to the Union, but the first since Tennessee was",
"title": "Arkansas in the American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "8799257",
"text": "Sid Holland a small grocery on Peachtree Street\". The article goes on to describe a city rebuilding. Elections were held with James Calhoun being reelected as Mayor. The city council held its first meeting on Jan. 6, 1865; the city treasury held $1.64. Rev. H. C. Horandy preached a service at the First Baptist Church on Sunday, Dec. 25, 1864. By April, 1865, five churches where holding services. After the Battle of Bentonville, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston surrendered the Army of Tennessee and all remaining Confederate forces still active in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida at Bennett Place,",
"title": "Atlanta in the American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "16272588",
"text": "they did not develop the political idea of forming a nation or tribe until their relocation to Indian Territory. At the beginning of the Civil War, the Union Army was withdrawn from Indian Territory exposing the Five Civilized Tribes to aggression from the Plains Indians. The Confederacy filled the vacuum. All of the Five Civilized Tribes as well as other surrounding tribes signed treaties with the Confederacy. As a part of reconstruction, the Southern Treaty Commission was created by Congress to write new treaties with the Tribes that sided with the Confederacy. The Choctaw Nation and Chickasaw Nation in Indian",
"title": "Reconstruction Treaties"
},
{
"id": "16272586",
"text": "Reconstruction Treaties On the eve of the American Civil War in 1861, a significant number of Indigenous peoples of the Americas had been relocated from the Southeastern United States to Indian Territory, west of the Mississippi. The inhabitants of the eastern part of the Indian Territory, the Five Civilized Tribes, were suzerain nations with established tribal governments, well established cultures, and legal systems that allowed for slavery. Before European Contact these tribes were generally matriarchial societies, with agriculture being the primary economic pursuit. The bulk of the tribes lived in towns (some covering hundreds of acres and containing thousands of",
"title": "Reconstruction Treaties"
},
{
"id": "4712555",
"text": "From September 4 to 14, naval forces of the United States, Great Britain, France, and the Netherlands compelled Japan and the Prince of Nagato in particular to permit the Straits of Shimonoseki to be used by foreign shipping in accordance with treaties already signed. 1865: Panama: On March 9 and 10, US forces protected the lives and property of American residents during a revolution. 1865–1877: Southern United States – Reconstruction following the American Civil War: The South is divided into five Union occupation districts under the Reconstruction Act. 1866: Mexico: To protect American residents, General Sedgwick and 100 men in",
"title": "Timeline of United States military operations"
},
{
"id": "15383",
"text": "three states, and receiving 78 percent of the Union soldiers' vote. On March 4, 1865, Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address. In it, he deemed the high casualties on both sides to be God's will. Historian Mark Noll concludes it ranks \"among the small handful of semi-sacred texts by which Americans conceive their place in the world\". Lincoln said: Reconstruction began during the war, as Lincoln and his associates anticipated questions of how to reintegrate the conquered southern states, and how to determine the fates of Confederate leaders and freed slaves. Shortly after Lee's surrender, a general had asked Lincoln",
"title": "Abraham Lincoln"
},
{
"id": "650185",
"text": "(1836), Texas chapter of a Masonic order (1840); cotton compress (1842), Catholic parochial school (Ursuline Academy) (1847), insurance company (1854), and gas lights (1856). During the American Civil War, Confederate forces under Major General John B. Magruder attacked and expelled occupying Union troops from the city in January 1863 in the Battle of Galveston. In 1867 Galveston suffered a yellow fever epidemic; 1800 people died in the city. These occurred in waterfront and river cities throughout the 19th century, as did cholera epidemics. The city's progress continued through the Reconstruction era with numerous \"firsts\": construction of the opera house (1870),",
"title": "Galveston, Texas"
},
{
"id": "1045685",
"text": "War erupted just months after the establishment of Valdosta. During the war, Valdosta was far away from battles and became a refuge for those fleeing areas of Georgia where the war was being activelly fought. After the American Civil War, during the Reconstruction era more than 100 freedmen, families of farmers, craftsmen, and laborers, emigrated from Lowndes County to Arithington, Liberia, in 1871 and 1872, looking for a better life. Since before the war, the American Colonization Society had supported the relocation of free blacks to Liberia, an American colony in West Africa established for this purpose. The first group",
"title": "Valdosta, Georgia"
},
{
"id": "3926559",
"text": "zone guaranteed the system would be virtually ruined at war's end. Reconstruction was the process by which the states returned to full status. It took place in four stages, which varied by state. Tennessee and the border states were not affected. First came the governments appointed by President Andrew Johnson that lasted 1865–66. The Freedmen's Bureau was active, helping refugees, setting up employment contracts for Freedmen, and setting up courts and schools for the freedmen. Second came rule by the U.S. Army, which held elections that included all freedmen but excluded over 10,000 Confederate leaders. Third was \"Radical Reconstruction\" or",
"title": "History of the Southern United States"
},
{
"id": "657859",
"text": "coastal region of North Carolina with the rank of Brigadier General. Stanly resigned almost a year later when he angered Lincoln by closing two schools for black children in New Bern. After Lincoln installed Brigadier General George F. Sheply as Military Governor of Louisiana in May 1862, Sheply sent two anti-slavery representatives, Benjamin Flanders and Michael Hahn, elected in December 1862, to the House which capitulated and voted to seat them. In July 1862, Lincoln installed Colonel John S. Phelps as Military Governor of Arkansas, though he resigned soon after due to poor health. In July 1862, President Lincoln became",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "657978",
"text": "and are less likely to accept the idea that there was exploitation by merchant monopolists.\" Reconstruction is widely considered a failure, though the reason for this is a matter of controversy. Historian Donald R. Shaffer maintained that the gains during Reconstruction for African Americans were not entirely extinguished. The legalization of African-American marriages and families and the independence of black churches from white denominations were a source of strength during the Jim Crow era. Reconstruction was never forgotten within the black community and it remained a source of inspiration. The system of sharecropping granted blacks a considerable amount of freedom",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "4993793",
"text": "Committee of Nine The Committee of Nine was a group of conservative political leaders in Virginia, who engineered the political machinery so that both the Old Dominion might be readmitted into the Union, following the American Civil War. Led by Alexander H. H. Stuart, the committee campaigned to ensure that former Confederate officers and sympathizers would be able to keep their voting rights. Following the American Civil War, Military Reconstruction Acts required Confederate states to revise their constitutions for the civilians to take control over the state, instead of the military. Because Virginia's 1850 Constitution supported slavery, which became illegal",
"title": "Committee of Nine"
},
{
"id": "18760014",
"text": "bids from 15 general contractors ranging up to $950,000 for fees. The low bid was for $100,000 from John McShain Inc.; by the end of the project, he had reportedly lost approximately $200,000, bringing his total costs for supervision, management, and other overhead to around $300,000. On December 13, 1949, construction work began on site. There was no groundbreaking or commencement ceremony. Security fencing went around the work area and a solid screen provided privacy for the West Wing. Temporary sheds and buildings were erected on the South Lawn. By March 20, 1950, the removal of historic material slated for",
"title": "White House Reconstruction"
},
{
"id": "14350",
"text": "him as one of the near-great Chief Executives. Foner notes that at the time of these surveys, \"the Reconstruction era that followed the Civil War was regarded as a time of corruption and misgovernment caused by granting black men the right to vote\". Earlier historians, including Beale, believed that money drove events, and had seen Reconstruction as an economic struggle. They also accepted, for the most part, that reconciliation between North and South should have been the top priority of Reconstruction. In the 1950s, historians began to focus on the African-American experience as central to Reconstruction. They rejected completely any",
"title": "Andrew Johnson"
},
{
"id": "690076",
"text": "where he eventually escaped to France. Worcester was heavily looted by the Parliamentarian army afterwards. The city council estimated £80,000 of damage was done, and the subsequent debts still not recovered into the 1670s. From 1646 to 1660, the bishopric was abolished and the cathedral fell into disrepair. After the Restoration in 1660, Worcester cleverly used its location as the site of the final battles of the First Civil War (1646) and Third Civil War (1651) to mount an appeal for compensation from the new King Charles II. As part of this and not based upon any historical fact, it",
"title": "Worcester"
},
{
"id": "657956",
"text": "in North Carolina. Reconstruction continued in South Carolina, Louisiana and Florida until 1877. The elections of 1876 were accompanied by heightened violence across the Deep South. A combination of ballot stuffing and intimidating blacks suppressed their vote even in majority black counties. The White League was active in Louisiana. After Republican Rutherford Hayes won the disputed 1876 presidential election, the national Compromise of 1877 was reached. The white Democrats in the South agreed to accept Hayes' victory if he withdrew the last Federal troops. By this point, the North was weary of insurgency. White Democrats controlled most of the Southern",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "246919",
"text": "and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other. In 330, after a period of civil war, Constantine the Great (r. 306–337) refounded the city of Byzantium as the newly renamed eastern capital, Constantinople. Diocletian's reforms strengthened the governmental bureaucracy, reformed taxation, and strengthened the army, which bought the empire time but did not resolve the problems it was facing: excessive taxation, a declining birthrate, and pressures on its frontiers, among others. Civil war between rival emperors became common in the middle of the 4th century, diverting soldiers from the empire's frontier forces and allowing invaders to",
"title": "Middle Ages"
},
{
"id": "657916",
"text": "black Baptist sermons in Alabama. White Baptists expressed the view that: In sharp contrast, Black Baptists interpreted the Civil War, emancipation and Reconstruction as: Historian James D. Anderson argues that the freed slaves were the first Southerners \"to campaign for universal, state-supported public education.\" Blacks in the Republican coalition played a critical role in establishing the principle in state constitutions for the first time during congressional Reconstruction. Some slaves had learned to read from white playmates or colleagues before formal education was allowed by law; African Americans started \"native schools\" before the end of the war; Sabbath schools were another",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "657809",
"text": "in coping with the death and devastation the war had brought; the white supremacist vision, which included terror and violence; and the emancipationist vision, which sought full freedom, citizenship, and Constitutional equality for African Americans. Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson both took moderate positions designed to bring the South back into the Union as quickly as possible, while Radical Republicans in Congress sought stronger measures to upgrade the rights of African Americans, including the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, while curtailing the rights of former Confederates, such as through the provisions of the Wade–Davis Bill. Johnson, a",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "657976",
"text": "monographs by Charles Reagan Wilson, Gaines Foster, W. Scott Poole, and Bruce Baker have offered new views of the Southern \"Lost Cause\". While 1877 is the usual date given for the end of Reconstruction, some historians extend the era to the 1890s. Economists and economic historians have different interpretations of the economic impact of race on the postwar Southern economy. In 1995, Robert Whaples took a random survey of 178 members of the Economic History Association, who studied American history in all time periods. He asked whether they wholly or partly accepted, or rejected, 40 propositions in the scholarly literature",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "15297215",
"text": "in Aleppo was recaptured by the Syrian government followed by a ceasefire agreement. On 26 October 2016 US Defense Secretary Ash Carter said that an offensive to retake Raqqa from IS will begin within weeks. The SDF proceeded with this effort, in operation Wrath of Euphrates. This operation used up to 30,000 Arab, Christian and Kurdish troops, with support from the Western Coalition. By December 2016 it had captured many villages and land west of Raqqa, previously controlled by IS. By January 2017, much of the land west of Raqqa had been seized, and the second phase of the operation",
"title": "Syrian Civil War"
},
{
"id": "11728133",
"text": "seceded and declared the Democratic Republic of Yemen (DRY) on 21 May 1994. No international government recognized the DRY. In mid-May, northern forces began a push toward Aden. The key city of Ataq, which allowed access to the country's oil fields, was seized on May 24. The United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 924 calling for an end to the fighting and a cease-fire. A cease-fire was called on 6 June, but lasted only six hours; concurrent talks to end the fighting in Cairo collapsed as well. The north entered Aden on 4 July. Supporters of Ali Nasir Muhammad greatly",
"title": "Yemeni Civil War (1994)"
},
{
"id": "18760017",
"text": "contractor, in part due to delays in obtaining numerous approvals from the Commission. There were almost no record drawings showing the existing construction, which required added investigations and details to be developed during construction. From 1950 the Korean War brought inflation and shortages of key materials and labor. The biggest change during construction was announced on August 1, 1950, when the president authorized a separate and highly secret project. Project 9 was officially described as \"certain protective measures\" to be added to the new basement: an underground shelter to resist attack from an atomic bomb. It was designed by the",
"title": "White House Reconstruction"
},
{
"id": "657948",
"text": "certified their own slates for local parish offices in many places, causing local tensions to rise. Finally, Federal support helped certify the Republican as governor. Slates for local offices were certified by each candidate. In rural Grant Parish in Red River Valley, freedmen fearing a Democratic attempt to take over the parish government reinforced defenses at the small Colfax courthouse in late March. White militias gathered from the area a few miles outside the settlement. Rumors and fears abounded on both sides. William Ward, an African-American Union veteran and militia captain, mustered his company in Colfax and went to the",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "402403",
"text": "months of Reconstruction. Juneteenth commemorates the announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation in Galveston by General Gordon Granger, almost two and a half years after the original announcement. President Johnson, in 1866, declared the civilian government restored in Texas. Despite not meeting reconstruction requirements, Congress resumed allowing elected Texas representatives into the federal government in 1870. Social volatility continued as the state struggled with agricultural depression and labor issues. Like most of the South, the Texas economy was devastated by the War. However, since the state had not been as dependent on slaves as other parts of the South it was",
"title": "Texas"
},
{
"id": "2052875",
"text": "by the new Arkansas Constitution of 1874, marked the end to Reconstruction in Arkansas. The conflict significantly weakened the Republican Party in the state as the Democrats took power and controlled the governorship for 90 years. After the Civil War rebel states, including Arkansas, were in disarray. Slavery, key to their economies and social structure, was gone. Northerners, whom Southerners called carpetbaggers, came to the defeated Southern states to work in the rebuilding process. In 1866, Congress grew increasingly disturbed by post-war developments in the rebel states: pre-Civil War elites, including plantation owners and Confederate Army officers, were reelected to",
"title": "Brooks–Baxter War"
},
{
"id": "2052876",
"text": "government positions, and southern legislatures enacted \"Black Codes\" limiting the rights of former slaves, and violence against blacks was common. To redress the matter, Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts of 1867, dissolving rebel state governments and dividing the South into military districts. Rebel states could only be readmitted to the union if they wrote and ratified new constitutions providing civil rights for freedmen, and accepting the 14th Amendment. In the fall of 1867 Arkansans voted to convene a new constitutional convention and selected delegates, who convened in Little Rock in January 1868. A coalition of native white unionists, freedman, and",
"title": "Brooks–Baxter War"
}
] | when did reconstruction start after the civil war |
|
| [
{
"id": "20623780",
"text": "Quantico (season 3) The third and final season of American drama thriller series \"Quantico\" premiered in the United States on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on April 26, 2018, and concluded on August 3, 2018. The season was produced by ABC Studios, with series creator Joshua Safran, Mark Gordon, Robert Sertner, Nicholas Pepper and Jorge Zamacona serving as executive producers. The third and final season consisted of thirteen episodes, down from the twenty-two episode count of the two previous seasons. The season aired on Thursdays in the United States at 10:00 pm. The show was cancelled on May 11, 2018, by",
"title": "Quantico (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "18762402",
"text": "September 27, 2015. The series debuted in Canada on CTV on the same day as its American premiere. The episodes, about 43 minutes in length, were broadcast in standard and high definition. In Australia, it premiered on the Seven Network on October 11, 2015. The series was acquired by Alibi in the United Kingdom. Season two premiered on September 25, 2016. After the mid-season finale, it moved to Mondays at 10:00 p.m. on January 23, 2017. The third season premiered on April 26, 2018. After the cancellation, it was announced that the network will air the remaining episodes of the",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18762403",
"text": "third season, as previously scheduled, on Friday nights. Standard- and high-definition episodes are available for download at the iTunes Store and Amazon Video, and ABC video on demand temporarily releases recent episodes. Season one episodes were on Hulu, and season two episodes are available at ABC's \"Quantico\" website and on Xfinity. The first season became available for streaming on Netflix in a number of countries on August 23, 2016, the second season became available in the U.S. on June 15, 2017 and the third season became available in the U.S. on September 2, 2018. The first season of \"Quantico\" was",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18762401",
"text": "in New York on July 13, 2016, was shot at Silvercup Studios and on location. Filming ended in mid-March 2017. Filming for the third season started on October 10, 2017. Certain scenes of the third-season premiere featuring Chopra were shot on location in Italy. The last few episodes of the third season were shot on location in Ireland. Filming for the third season ended on April 21, 2018. \"Quantico\", initially scheduled to air Tuesdays at 10:00 pm, was moved to Sundays at 10:00 pm due to a retooling of \"Of Kings and Prophets\". The series premiered on ABC on Sunday,",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "20623783",
"text": "executive producer. The third season premiered on April 26, 2018. After the third season renewal announcement, it was reported that Yasmine Al Massri and Pearl Thusi would leave the series, and in June 2017, it was reported that Ellis and Tovey would not return as part of a creative overhaul. However, in August 2017, it was confirmed that Tovey would in fact be returning as a series regular. In late July 2017, Marlee Matlin joined the show as a series regular in the third season. She will play the role of ex-FBI agent, Jocelyn Turner. On November 21, 2017, it",
"title": "Quantico (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "20623785",
"text": "season started on October 10, 2017. In March 2018, it was confirmed by showrunner Michael Seitzman that the last few episodes of the third season would be shot on location in Ireland. Filming for the third season ended on April 21, 2018. The third season received mixed feedback from critics, who were divided over its direction in comparison to the first season. The series premiere was poorly received. Despite praising the episode's action and pacing and its introduction of Marlee Matlin's character, Dishya Sharma of the \"International Business Times\" wrote that \"it leaves you asking for more\". \"The Quint\"'s Dipti",
"title": "Quantico (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "18762381",
"text": "Stephen Kay and Steve Robin. Colleen Sharp, Nicholas Erasmus, Daniel A. Valverde, Terilyn A. Shropshire and Shelby Siegel edited multiple episodes. The Director of Photography was Anthony Wolberg, who provided cinematography for most episodes. Other cinematographers include Anastas N. Michos and Todd McMullen. Joel J. Richard and Joseph Trapanese wrote the music. In May 2017, ABC renewed the series for a third season of 13 episodes. The renewal was based on the international popularity of star Priyanka Chopra, who made the show a strong international seller for ABC Studios. As part of the renewal process, Safran stepped down as showrunner",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "20623782",
"text": "Owen invites Jocelyn Turner to the team as the former FBI agent has intelligence about the arms dealer, due in part to their past encounter. Owing to the extreme circumstances of the covert operation, the team must retrieve Shelby at all costs, before time runs out. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In May 2017, ABC renewed the series for a third season of 13 episodes. As part of the renewal process, Safran stepped down as showrunner of the show but remained as a consultant. The following month, it was announced that Michael Seitzman would be \"Quantico\" showrunner and Safran would be credited as an",
"title": "Quantico (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "20623784",
"text": "was announced that Alan Powell will join the show as a series regular in the third season. He will play Mike McQuigg, an undercover agent. On December 6, 2017, it was announced that Amber Skye Noyes will join the third season in the recurring role of Celine Fox. On January 17, 2018, it was announced that Vandit Bhatt will join the third season in the recurring role of Jagdeep Patel. On February 16, 2018, it was confirmed that Aunjanue Ellis has exited the series. Certain scenes of the third-season premiere were shot on location in Italy. Filming for the third",
"title": "Quantico (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "19549513",
"text": "Quantico (season 2) The second season of American drama thriller series \"Quantico\" premiered in the United States on American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 25, 2016, and concluded on May 15, 2017. The season was produced by ABC Studios, with series creator Joshua Safran, Mark Gordon, Robert Sertner, Nicholas Pepper and Jorge Zamacona serving as executive producers. Season two consists of twenty-two episodes; it follows Alex Parrish (Priyanka Chopra), who has been working undercover for the FBI as a CIA recruit to uncover a rogue faction called the AIC. The narrative is told through dual timelines until the thirteenth episode;",
"title": "Quantico (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "18762392",
"text": "Marlee Matlin joined the show as a series regular in the role of ex-FBI agent Jocelyn Turner in the third season. Alan Powell joined the cast in November 2017 as series regular Mike McQuigg, an undercover agent. The next month, Amber Skye Noyes joined the third season in the recurring role of Celine Fox. In January 2018, Vandit Bhatt joined in the recurring role of Jagdeep Patel. On February 16, 2018, it was confirmed that Aunjanue Ellis had exited the series. Although Safran initially intended the series to be an ensemble, with Alex the lead protagonist, this changed after Chopra",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "20623781",
"text": "ABC. On May 14, \"Deadline\" reported that the network would finish airing the remainder of the third season on Friday nights. Three years after the events of the Constitutional Convention, former CIA analyst, Alex Parrish had to escape outside the United States in order to avoid arrest from law enforcement authorities. After living anonymously in Italy, she is forced to return to America after Ryan shared information to her about Shelby's kidnapping by a notorious international arms dealer known as The Widow. In order to save Shelby, Ryan and Alex recruit Owen and Harry to help them with their mission.",
"title": "Quantico (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "18762379",
"text": "Studios and Safran and produced by Mark Gordon, describing it as \"\"Grey's Anatomy\" meets \"Homeland.\"\" ABC ordered a pilot on January 23, 2015, for the 2015–16 television season. The series was picked up from the pilot, with an initial order of 13 episodes for the 2015 network television season. Good ratings led ABC to pick up \"Quantico\" for a full season in October with an additional six episodes (increasing the episode count to 19), with an option for more. In November, the season was extended to 22 episodes. In March 2016, ABC announced that it had renewed \"Quantico\" for a",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19549526",
"text": "for Chopra. The season two premiere on September 25, 2016, had 3.64 million viewers, with a 1.0 rating among the adults 1849 demographic; whereas the season one finale attracted 2.72 million viewers with 0.6 rating among adults 1849. A few episodes into the season, the ratings started to fall below 3 million viewers. After the mid-season finale, the show moved to Mondays at 10:00 p.m. from January 23, 2017, where it continued to air for the rest of the season. The second season averaged 4.53 million viewers overall with a 1.3 rating among adults 1849. General references Quantico (season 2)",
"title": "Quantico (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "18762391",
"text": "it was reported that Tracy Ifeachor and David Lim were cast in recurring roles as Lydia Hall and Sebastian Chen. In early 2017, Hunter Parrish and Krysta Rodriguez were cast in the recurring roles of Clay Haas and Maxine Griffin. After the third season renewal announcement, it was reported that Al Massri and Thusi would leave the series, and in June 2017, it was reported that Ellis and Tovey would not return as part of a creative overhaul. However, in August 2017, it was confirmed that Tovey would in fact be returning as a series regular. In late July 2017,",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18762380",
"text": "second season, also consisting of 22 episodes. The series was produced by ABC Studios in association with The Mark Gordon Company and Random Acts Productions. Safran, Gordon, Robert Sertner and Nicholas Pepper were the executive producers, with Cherien Dabis as one of the producers. Safran served as the head writer of the series. The writing staff of \"Quantico\" consisted of Justin Brenneman, Cami Delavigne, Cameron Litvack, Logan Slakter, Gideon Yago, Beth Schacter, Jordon Nardino, and Cherien Dabis, all of whom wrote multiple episodes for the series. Various directors had worked on several episodes, notably Patrick Morris, Jennifer Lynch, David McWhirter,",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19549459",
"text": "Quantico (season 1) The first season of the American drama thriller series \"Quantico\" premiered in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 27, 2015, and concluded on May 15, 2016. ABC Studios produced the season, with creator Joshua Safran, Mark Gordon, Robert Sertner, Nicholas Pepper and Jake Coburn serving as executive producers. Consisting of twenty-two episodes, season one follows Alex Parrish, the brightest FBI recruit in her class, who becomes an FBI field agent after graduating from the FBI Academy at Quantico, Virginia, and later becomes a prime suspect after a terrorist attack on Grand Central",
"title": "Quantico (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "20623786",
"text": "Kharude said that \"the briskness of the episode suffocates it\". Mark Perigard of the \"Boston Herald\" was critical of the season's new format and storylines, writing that it \"doubles down on the dumb\". During a review of the series finale, \"TV Fanatic\"'s Allison Nichols praised how the season \"show[ed] the team putting the pieces together\", but cited the relationship between Ryan and Shelby as unbelievable and \"one of the more controversial parts\". The fifth episode of the season, titled \"The Blood of Romeo\", was criticized by some Indian social media users for its alleged anti-Indian sentiment. In the episode, Alex",
"title": "Quantico (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "18762374",
"text": "first season was primarily produced in Montreal, with downtown Montreal and Sherbrooke standing in for New York and Quantico; production moved to New York during the second season. \"Quantico\" received positive reviews from critics, with praise for Chopra's performance and the diversity of the cast. However, the \"confusing dual timelines\" received some criticism. The series was nominated for four People's Choice Awards, with Chopra winning two: Favorite Actress in a New TV Series in 2016—making her the first South Asian to win a People's Choice Award—and Favorite Dramatic TV Actress in 2017. ABC renewed the series for a third season,",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18762372",
"text": "Quantico (TV series) Quantico is an American television drama thriller series which aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) from September 27, 2015, to August 3, 2018. Produced by ABC Studios, the series was created by Joshua Safran, who also served as the showrunner. Mark Gordon, Robert Sertner, Nicholas Pepper and Safran are its executive producers. Priyanka Chopra stars as Alex Parrish, a bright FBI recruit who joins the Bureau after graduating from the FBI Academy and becomes a prime suspect of a terrorist attack on Grand Central Terminal. \"Quantico\" initially had two timelines: the present, when Parrish flees from",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19549476",
"text": "the adults 18–49 demographic. The first season of \"Quantico\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on September 13, 2016 in Region 1. General references Quantico (season 1) The first season of the American drama thriller series \"Quantico\" premiered in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 27, 2015, and concluded on May 15, 2016. ABC Studios produced the season, with creator Joshua Safran, Mark Gordon, Robert Sertner, Nicholas Pepper and Jake Coburn serving as executive producers. Consisting of twenty-two episodes, season one follows Alex Parrish, the brightest FBI recruit in her class, who becomes an FBI",
"title": "Quantico (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "18762375",
"text": "and, as part of the renewal process, Safran was replaced as primary showrunner by Michael Seitzman. On May 11, 2018, ABC canceled the show after three seasons. Alex Parrish, a former FBI recruit, becomes a prime suspect after a terrorist attack on Grand Central Terminal and is arrested for treason. In flashbacks, she and her fellow agents (each with their own reason for joining the Bureau) train at the FBI Academy. The present-day timeline focuses on Parrish's strained relationship with her friends while she is on the run and attempting to prove her innocence. In the second season, Parrish has",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19549465",
"text": "episodes, increasing the episode count to 19, with the possibility of more episodes. The next month, the season was extended to 22 episodes. The first season was produced by the ABC Studios in association with The Mark Gordon Company and Random Acts Productions. Safran, Gordon, Robert Sertner, Nicholas Pepper and Jake Coburn served as the executive producers. The show was designed to have a flashback narrative, shifting between two timelines. Safran incorporated the flashforward storytelling technique as he thought it allowed them to spread out the plot points. The casting began in February 2015, with Priyanka Chopra landing the role",
"title": "Quantico (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "19549523",
"text": "that Spanish supermodel Jon Kortajarena would be joining the cast as Felix Cordova, a political operative. For the second season, the production moved to New York City as Safran felt it was \"much more a New York story\". The second season was primarily shot at the Silvercup Studios and exterior scenes were filmed on location. Filming started on July 13, 2016, in New York and ended in mid-March 2017. The second season was well-received by critics. Jasef Wisener of \"TVOvermind\" gave the premiere episode a rating of three and a half star, writing that it set up its sophomore season",
"title": "Quantico (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "20539296",
"text": "debut in the NBC drama series, \"Mercy\". Following on from his first role, Bhatt won other roles on a variety of TV shows including \"Madam Secretary\", \"Younger\" and \"The Michael J. Fox Show\". In 2017, Bhatt starred as Young Harris in the comedy drama film, \"Ripped\" which was released in theaters on June 23, 2017. On January 17, 2018, it was announced by Deadline that Bhatt would star in a recurring role as Jagdeep Patel in the third season of the ABC thriller \"Quantico\". Vandit Bhatt Vandit Bhatt (born August 4, 1984) is an American actor, best known for his",
"title": "Vandit Bhatt"
},
{
"id": "19549475",
"text": "adults 18–49 and a viewer total of 12.15 million. The show continued to perform well during live viewing while registering strong gains in DVR playback, more than doubling several times in season one. The finale episode garnered 3.78 million viewers with a 1.0 rating among adults in the 18–49 demographic, with a DVR boost of 120% for a total 2.2 rating among adults 18–49 and a total of 6.70 million viewers. Overall, the first season averaged 8.05 million viewers with a 2.6 rating among adults in the 18–49 demographic. It was the third best new series of the season among",
"title": "Quantico (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "19549514",
"text": "it switches between the present—where Parrish must confront a terrorist-instigated hostage crisis at the G-20 summit in New York City—and the past, where she is training at the CIA's mysterious training facility \"The Farm\" with other trainees, revealing links between the two incidents. The narrative switches to a single timeline from the fourteenth episode. The season aired on Sundays in the United States at 10:00 pm, before moving to Mondays at 10:00 pm after its mid-season break. The second season was well-received by television critics but struggled with the ratings, averaging 4.53 million viewers. For portraying Alex Parrish, Chopra won",
"title": "Quantico (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "20539295",
"text": "Vandit Bhatt Vandit Bhatt (born August 4, 1984) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Kevin in the NBC sitcom, \"The Michael J. Fox Show\" and as Jagdeep Patel in the third season of the ABC thriller \"Quantico\". Bhatt was born in Hyderabad, India and later moved to Fort Myers, Florida, when he was young. During his formative years, he attended Fort Myers Senior High School. After graduation, he commenced his studies at the University of Central Florida. Later, he obtained an undergraduate degree and started touring with multiple theatre companies. In 2010, Bhatt made his acting",
"title": "Vandit Bhatt"
},
{
"id": "18762411",
"text": "and total viewership of 12.15 million. The series, which continued to do well in live viewing, more than doubled its viewership several times in DVR playback during the season. The finale had 3.78 million viewers with a 1.0 rating among adults 18–49 and a 120 percent DVR increase for a 2.2 adult 18–49 rating and a total of 6.7 million viewers. The first season averaged 8.05 million viewers with a 2.6 rating among adults 18–49. The second-season premiere had 3.64 million viewers and a 1.0 rating among adults 18–49. The finale attracted 2.72 million viewers with a 0.6 rating among",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18762389",
"text": "promoted to a series regular. In September 2015, Jacob Artist was cast in a recurring role as Brandon Fletcher, an FBI agent-in-training. Marcia Cross was cast as Claire Haas, Caleb's mother and the wife of Senator, FBI Deputy Director and vice-presidential candidate Clayton Haas. In November, Jay Armstrong Johnson, Lenny Platt and Li Jun Li were cast as recurring characters who would be added after the mid-season break. Following the season one finale, Safran confirmed that all series regulars would return for the second season, except for Acosta, Ellington and Hopkins, whose characters were killed off. Safran also expressed interest",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18762388",
"text": "interest, and Johanna Braddy and Yasmine Al Massri were cast in the final co-starring roles of trainees Shelby Wyatt and Nimah and Raina Amin. ABC announced after it picked up the pilot that the Liam O'Connor character would be re-cast with Josh Hopkins replacing Dougray Scott in July 2015. That month, it was announced that Anabelle Acosta was cast in a recurring role for a multi-episode story arc as Quantico recruit and former police officer Natalie Vasquez. Rick Cosnett was also signed for a recurring role as Elias Harper, a former defense attorney-analyst recruit. Prior to the premiere, Acosta was",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19549468",
"text": "Lenny Platt and Li Jun Li were cast for three recurring characters in November 2015. Initially conceived as an ensemble drama, Chopra's casting played a key role in the design of the show. Apart from becoming the show's face, and featuring heavily in its publicity campaign, it was specially re-written to center around her as the main character. The pilot episode was filmed extensively in Atlanta in March 2015, with two more days of filming in New York City. The later episodes were filmed in Montreal, Quebec, using settings within downtown Montreal and Sherbrooke, Quebec to stand in for New",
"title": "Quantico (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "18762412",
"text": "adults 18–49. The season averaged 4.53 million viewers with a 1.3 rating among adults 18–49. \"Quantico\" continues to be popular in Australia, Canada, France and India. The premiere episode had 2.6 million viewers in Canada, the largest audience for a new television series that year. It was the most-watched episode behind \"The Big Bang Theory\" (which had 2.8 million). Averaging 2.17 million viewers, \"Quantico\" was Canada's most-watched drama series, most-watched new series and second most-watched series (after \"The Big Bang Theory\") in 2015. It was the most-watched drama series of 2015 in Australia and the second most-watched series overall (after",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19549518",
"text": "treason by releasing classified U.S. intelligence to the public at the Constitutional Convention, she is branded as a fugitive and an Interpol Red Notice for her arrest is issued. With Ryan, Alex leaves the U.S. on an aircraft to an unknown destination. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In March 2016, midway through the first season, American Broadcasting Company (ABC) announced that \"Quantico\" had been renewed for a second season. Following the season one finale, Joshua Safran told \"TV Guide\" the storyline of the second season, saying it will focus on the contrasting working ethics of the FBI and the CIA, saying: \"The CIA is",
"title": "Quantico (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "18762382",
"text": "but remained as a consultant. The following month, it was announced that Michael Seitzman would be showrunner and that Safran would be credited as an executive producer. On May 11, 2018, ABC cancelled the show after three seasons. Like other ABC shows, \"Quantico\" has a racially diverse cast as FBI recruits who deal with their individual problems. Safran had wanted the show to be diverse from the beginning, saying, \"You're not just watching people who have struggled to achieve places of power and they're there. This show is about the struggle to achieve that. Their politics and their racial makeup",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "20478438",
"text": "variety of TV shows including \"Beauty & the Beast\", \"The Blacklist\", \"Blindspot\" and \"The Deuce\". On December 6, 2017, \"Deadline Hollywood\" reported that Noyes was cast in a recurring role on the third season of the ABC thriller \"Quantico\". She starred as FBI agent, Celine Fox. Amber Skye Noyes Amber Skye Noyes (born February 17, 1987) is an American actress and singer, known for her portrayal of Tori Windsor in The CW series \"Beauty & the Beast\" and Celine Fox in the third season of the ABC thriller \"Quantico\". Originally hailing from Warren Township, New Jersey Noyes attended Wyoming Seminary",
"title": "Amber Skye Noyes"
},
{
"id": "12913473",
"text": "Endings\"'s cancellation, Coupe played a recurring role in the third season of \"House of Lies\" and starred alongside Jay Harrington in the USA Network comedy series \"Benched\", which premiered on October 28, 2014. Coupe later starred in the ABC thriller \"Quantico\" playing the recurring role of FBI agent Hannah Wyland. From November 2017, Coupe has been starring in an American Comedy series produced by Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg, along side Josh Hutcherson, Derek Wilson, Ed Begley, Jr. and Glenne Headly, called Future Man. Coupe was married to acting teacher and puppeteer Randall Whittinghill from December 2007 to June 2013.",
"title": "Eliza Coupe"
},
{
"id": "19549464",
"text": "Agency (CIA). <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Joshua Safran pitched the series to ABC, describing the show as \"\"Grey's Anatomy\" meets \"Homeland\"\". On September 17, 2014, ABC announced the network had bought the original concept for the drama series from ABC Studios, and creator Safran and producer Mark Gordon. ABC ordered the pilot on January 23, 2015, for the 2015–16 television season. In May 2015, the show was ordered to series, with an initial order of 13 episodes for the 2015 network-television season. Good ratings led ABC to pick up the show for a full season on October 13, 2015, with an additional six",
"title": "Quantico (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "18762400",
"text": "Sherbrooke, which stood in for New York and Quantico, respectively. The first schedule began in late July and ended in late December 2015. Quantico Academy exteriors were filmed on the Université de Sherbrooke campus. The series was shot in Mel's Cité du Cinéma studio and on location. Its second shooting schedule began in January 2016 and continued in Montreal until mid-April. In April 2016, it was reported that production would move to New York City for its second season; according to Safran, \"Season 2 is going to be very much more a New York story.\" Second season filming, which began",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19549467",
"text": "and the twins Nimah and Raina Amin, respectively. With the series order in May, ABC announced that Dougray Scott, who played Liam O'Connor, would be re-cast in the show. In July 2015, Josh Hopkins joined the cast in the role of Liam O'Connor. The same month, Anabelle Acosta and Rick Cosnett were cast in recurring roles as Natalie Vasquez and Elias Harper. Later, Acosta was promoted to series regular. In September 2015, Jacob Artist was cast in the recurring role of an FBI agent-in-training. In November 2015, Marcia Cross joined the cast as Caleb's mother Claire Haas. Jay Armstrong Johnson,",
"title": "Quantico (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "19549525",
"text": "welcome development, and the newfound confidence ... makes \"Quantico\" a much more enjoyable show to watch.\" In a full five-stars review of the sixteenth episode, McKinney wrote, \"the show is grappling more and more with the emotions that make us all human, not just the ones that drive the story forward\". The series' plotlines involving the current real-life political scenario such as a Muslim registry and Black Lives Matter were also praised. The second season was nominated for two People's Choice Awards at the 43rd People's Choice Awards: Favorite Network TV Drama and Favorite Dramatic TV Actress, winning the latter",
"title": "Quantico (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "19549520",
"text": "season. In another interview, he confirmed the narrative would be slower than the previous season's, saying, \"It will be a little bit of flash forward, but the majority will be, what I like to call, the present\". In an interview with TV Line, Safran said the show's storyline would switch to a single timeline following the fourteenth episode; his intention after resolving all of the storyline. The second season was produced by ABC Studios in association with The Mark Gordon Company and Random Acts Productions. Safran, Mark Gordon, Robert Partner, Nicholas Pepper and Jorge Zamacona served as the executive producers.",
"title": "Quantico (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "18762409",
"text": "the winter finale when the show's narrative switched to a single timeline garnered further praise by such critics as Madison Vain of \"Entertainment Weekly\", especially for its focus on character development. Kelsey McKinney of \"New York\" magazine noted that the show had finally found its groove, writing, \"For the first time since its first season, Quantico actually seems to know where it is headed. It's quite a welcome development, and the newfound confidence ... makes Quantico a much more enjoyable show to watch.\" In a five-star review of the sixteenth episode, Kelsey McKinney of \"New York\" wrote that \"the show",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18762373",
"text": "captivity to prove her innocence, and the past, with her and her fellow recruits training at the academy, during which details of their individual lives are learned. The series switched to a single timeline from the middle of the second season onward. In addition to Chopra, the first South Asian to headline an American network drama series, the original cast—which changed significantly as the series progressed—included Jake McLaughlin, Yasmine Al Massri, Johanna Braddy, Tate Ellington, and Graham Rogers as her fellow recruits and Josh Hopkins and Aunjanue Ellis as their trainers at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. The series'",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18762404",
"text": "released on DVD and Blu-Ray on September 13, 2016, in Region 1 by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment. The first season of \"Quantico\" received positive reviews with most critics praising Chopra's performance. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 82% \"Certified Fresh\" approval with an average rating of 6.9/10 (based on 56 reviews). According to the website consensus, \"Obvious copycatting aside, \"Quantico\" provides ludicrously entertaining thrills from a well-balanced cast.\" The series has a score of 70/100 (based on 25 reviews) on Metacritic, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". The \"Newark Star-Ledger\"s Vicki Hyman called \"Quantico\" the best new show of",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19549469",
"text": "York City and Quantico. Production began in late July 2015 and ended in mid-April, 2016. Scenes of the Quantico Academy were shot at the campus of the Université de Sherbrooke, which stood in for the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia, where the show is based. The series was shot both in studio at Mel’s Cité du Cinéma and on location. Colleen Sharp, Nicholas Erasmus, Terilyn A. Shropshire and Lori Ball were the editors for multiple episodes. Allyson C Johnson and Vanessa Procopio edited one episode each. The Director of Photography was Anthony Wolberg, who has provided cinematography for the maximum",
"title": "Quantico (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "19549522",
"text": "joined the series in a recurring role as photojournalist León Velez. Following Díaz's casting, it was reported that Tracy Ifeachor and David Lim were cast in recurring roles as Lydia Hall and Sebastian Chen, respectively. In late July 2016, Henry Czerny, who played the CIA director Matthew Keyes in the season 1 finale, joined the cast in a recurring role. Safran revealed he was important for the second season storyline. The casting of Hunter Parrish and Krysta Rodriguez in the recurring roles of Clay Haas and Maxine Griffin, respectively, was announced in early 2017. In March 2017, it was announced",
"title": "Quantico (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "18762390",
"text": "in bringing back Cross' Claire Haas after it was revealed that she was involved in the bombing plot. Safran discussed the return of Henry Czerny, who played CIA director Matthew Keyes in the season one finale, since the character was important to the storyline. In July 2016, Czerny joined the cast in the recurring role. The series added three regulars to the cast: Russell Tovey as Harry Doyle, Blair Underwood as CIA officer Owen Hall and Pearl Thusi as type-A attorney Dayana Mampasi. In July 2016, Aarón Díaz joined the series in a recurring role as photojournalist León Velez, and",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19549521",
"text": "Following the season one finale, Safran confirmed the series regulars from the previous season would return. Safran expressed his interest in bringing back Cross's character Claire Haas; he thought it would be interesting to move her storyline forward. In early June 2016, Russell Tovey joined the show as a series regular, playing Harry Doyle, who was described as a \"mischievous gadabout\". The following month, Blair Underwood joined the regular cast, playing CIA officer Owen Hall. Pearl Thusi, the final new regular cast member, was cast as Dayana Mampasi, a \"driven and disciplined type-A\" attorney. Aarón Díaz was announced to have",
"title": "Quantico (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "2129375",
"text": "Fox Show\" before its cancellation. USA Network's action adventure drama series, \"Dig\", had Heche portray the head of the FBI office in Jerusalem whose agents uncover a 2,000-year-old conspiracy while investigating an archaeologist's murder. The six-episode series premiered late 2014. In 2015, Heche guest-starred in the ABC thriller series \"Quantico\" playing the role of criminal profiler, Dr. Susan Langdon. On September 27, 2016, the post-apocalyptic action drama \"Aftermath\" –starring Heche– debuted on Canada's Space Network and on United States' Syfy. Heche played Karen Copeland, an Air Force pilot from Washington, who must navigate Armageddon, along with her university-professor husband Josh",
"title": "Anne Heche"
},
{
"id": "1542450",
"text": "the deaf community, Matlin discussed the communication barriers when deaf individuals are stopped by the police. Matlin played the recurring character of Melody Bledsoe on \"Switched at Birth\". In September 2015, she made her Broadway debut in the revival production of the musical \"Spring Awakening\". Beginning in 2017, Matlin played the recurring role of Harriet on the Syfy television series, \"The Magicians\". On July 31, 2017, it was announced by Deadline that Matlin joined as a series regular in the third season of the ABC thriller \"Quantico\". She starred in the role of ex-FBI agent Jocelyn Turner. Matlin is actively",
"title": "Marlee Matlin"
},
{
"id": "18762408",
"text": "incredibly intelligent agents, Quantico often succumbs to lame-brained plotting and a less-than-convincing portrayal of its specialized milieu. This new show's fluffy, which doesn't fit so well with the darker, somber tones meant to be struck by the introduction of a cataclysmic terrorist attack.\" The second season also received positive reviews. Jasef Wisener of \"TVOvermind\" gave the premiere episode a rating of three and a half stars, writing that it set up its sophomore season \"effectively\". However, Allison Nichols of \"TV Fanatic\" was critical of the opening episode owing to the \"confusing time jumps\" and the \"head-spinning plotlines\". The episodes following",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18762413",
"text": "\"The Big Bang Theory\"). In France, the series premiered to 4.9 million viewers (a 21 percent audience share) and averaged 3.1 million viewers during its first season. According to a \"Business Insider\" report, \"Quantico\" was the 12th-most popular TV show of 2016 based on ratings, peer-to-peer sharing, social-media chatter and viewer demand. By winning the People's Choice Award for Favorite Actress in a New TV Series at the 42nd People's Choice Awards, Chopra became the first South Asian to win a People's Choice Award. Quantico (TV series) Quantico is an American television drama thriller series which aired on the American",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18762410",
"text": "is grappling more and more with the emotions that make us all human, not just the ones that drive the story forward.\" The series' plot lines, involving current political situations, were also praised. \"Quantico\" season one premiere garnered 7.14 million viewers and a 1.9 rating among adults 18–49, the highest-rated scripted telecast on Sunday night opposite \"Sunday Night Football\". It improved 36 percent on its lead-in, \"Blood & Oil\", which had a 1.4 rating. The pilot episode was also popular for DVR playback with over five million viewers, a 79 percent increase, for a total 3.4 rating among adults 18–49",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19549460",
"text": "Terminal. Told using dual timelines, the narrative switches between the present, where Parrish runs from captivity to prove her innocence, and the past, which shows her training at the academy with her fellow recruits as details about their lives and relationships with one another are revealed. Season one aired on Sundays in the United States at 10:00 p.m. It debuted with strong numbers, averaging 8.05 million viewers and received positive reviews from critics. Priyanka Chopra won the 2016's People's Choice Award for Favorite Actress in a New TV Series for her portrayal of Alex Parrish, making her the first South",
"title": "Quantico (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "19549524",
"text": "\"effectively\". Negative reactions included Allison Nichols of \"TV Fanatic\", who was critical of the opening episode owing to the \"confusing time jumps\" and the \"head-spinning plotlines\". The episodes following the winter finale when the show's narrative switched to a single timeline garnered further praise by such critics as Madison Vain of the \"Entertainment Weekly\" and Kelsey McKinney of the \"New York Magazine\", especially for its focus on character development. The latter thought the show finally found its groove and wrote, \"for the first time since its first season, \"Quantico\" actually seems to know where it is headed. It's quite a",
"title": "Quantico (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "20623788",
"text": "aimed criticism commenting that she did not have a role in writing, directing or creating the show. Indian-born British chef Atul Kochhar's contract at the Rang Mahal restaurant in Dubai was terminated by JW Marriott Marquis Dubai after he made comments criticising Chopra's involvement in the episode, which included allegations that Hindus had been terrorized by Islam for thousands of years. Bangladeshi-American writer Sharbari Zohra Ahmed who had previously worked on \"Quantico\" but was not involved in the writing of the episode was also targeted on social media. These attacks included threats of violence, including rape. Quantico (season 3) The",
"title": "Quantico (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "18843721",
"text": "SABC 1 celebrity gossip magazine show, \"Real Goboza\". In 2015, Thusi co-starred in \"\". She also appeared in a music video entitled \"Pearl Thusi\" by Emtee. In 2016, Thusi was cast in a series regular role as Dayana Mampasi on the second season of the ABC thriller series \"Quantico\". In the same year, Thusi was cast as Samkelo in the romantic drama film \"Catching Feelings\". The film was released in theaters on March 9, 2018. In 2018, Thusi became the new host of the third season of MTV Base's \"Behind the Story\". In the same year, Thusi was cast in",
"title": "Pearl Thusi"
},
{
"id": "18762405",
"text": "the season and graded it an \"A\". Hyman wrote that the show was \"taut and terrifically calibrated ... with at least one deadly effective twist you won't see coming.\" David Wiegand from \"San Francisco Chronicle\" also praised the series: \"The plot is intricate and compelling, the characters magnetic and mysterious at the same time.\" Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\" rated \"Quantico\" three out of four, calling its cast \"an appropriately diverse group, brought to life by generally fine performances, led by Chopra's and Ellis. [. ... ] There are times when Quantico feels a shade mechanical, in moments when you",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19549470",
"text": "episodes. Other cinematographers include Anastas N. Michos and Todd McMullen. Joel J. Richard provided the music. The first season of \"Quantico\" received positive reviews, with most praising Priyanka Chopra's performance. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 82% approval rating with an average rating of 6.9/10 based on 56 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, \"Obvious copycatting aside, \"Quantico\" provides ludicrously entertaining thrills from a well-balanced cast.\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 70 out of 100 based on 25 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". \"Newark Star-Ledger\"s Vicki Hyman declared it to be the best",
"title": "Quantico (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "19966687",
"text": "Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas, Melanie Liburd, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, Lonnie Chavis, and Lyric Ross. The third season premiered on September 25, 2018, and is set to run for 18 episodes on NBC. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 18, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second and third season of 18 episodes each, for a total of 36 additional episodes. Main cast members Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas and Ron Cephas Jones return from the second season as",
"title": "This Is Us (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "19549474",
"text": "Choice Awards: Choice Breakout Series and Choice TV: Breakout Star for Chopra. \"People\" and \"Vanity Fair\" listed the first season among the Best Television Shows of 2015. The season one premiere on September 27, 2015, attracted 7.14 million viewers with a 1.9 rating among adults 18–49 to rank as the highest-rated scripted telecast on Sunday night opposite \"Sunday Night Football\". It also built by 36% on its lead-in \"Blood & Oil\", which had a 1.4 rating. The pilot episode was also a huge gainer for DVR playback, with over 5 million, a 79% rise for a total 3.4 rating among",
"title": "Quantico (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "20623787",
"text": "Parrish (Priyanka Chopra) uncovers a plot by Indian Hindu nationalists to commit a terrorist false flag attack with nuclear weapons in Manhattan, and have it blamed on Pakistan. Users had described the plotline as \"ridiculous\" and \"unrealistic\" and felt that it had damaged the image of Indians abroad. In addition, they denounced Chopra's participation in the episode as her international profile had made her a \"quasi-ambassador for India in the West\". Chopra apologised for any hurt caused by the episode and stated that she was a \"proud Indian\". ABC also apologised and defended Chopra from what they felt was unfairly",
"title": "Quantico (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "6444593",
"text": "as Dr. Noah Barnes in season 2 of ABC's \"Private Practice\". He went on to play the character Grayson Ellis on the sitcom \"Cougar Town\", which premiered September 23, 2009 on ABC and later moved to TBS. In 2015, Hopkins joined the main cast for \"Quantico\" playing the role of Liam O'Connor, a seasoned FBI agent working in the academy. BuddyTV ranked him #73 on its list of \"TV's Sexiest Men of 2011\". Josh Hopkins William Joshua Hopkins (born September 12, 1970) is an American actor and amateur musician. Hopkins was born in Lexington, Kentucky. He has participated in many",
"title": "Josh Hopkins"
},
{
"id": "5921430",
"text": "(1996–97), and later co-starred in a number of short-lived dramas. She had recurring roles on \"The Practice\", \"True Blood\", and \"The Mentalist\", and played roles in a number of made for television movies, such as \"\" (2009) and \"\" (2013). In 2015, Ellis played the leading role in the miniseries \"The Book of Negroes,\" based on bestselling novel by Lawrence Hill. She received critical acclaim and a Critic's Choice Award nomination for Best Actress in a Movie/Miniseries. From 2015 to 2017, she starred as Miranda Shaw in the ABC thriller series \"Quantico.\" In 2016, Ellis played Nancy Turner, Nat Turner's",
"title": "Aunjanue Ellis"
},
{
"id": "18762395",
"text": "out the series' plot points. He said in a 2015 interview that although the series is \"intricately plotted\", it does not intend to overwhelm the viewer: \"It is tightly structured and moves quickly between two, sometimes three, time periods, but we made sure that it's not so complicated that it just feels like too much. I like to say that we have a lot of tributaries, but they all lead to one ocean.\" The series' diverse cast has helped its writers create a variety of storylines and plot points. According to a \"Variety\" article on Safran and \"Quantico\", \"The show",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "17285311",
"text": "Her character, Lemon Breeland was absent for five episodes of the season while King was on maternity leave. The season premiered to 1.03 million people with a 0.4 rating share for adults 18-49. Hart of Dixie: The Complete Third Season was released on DVD in the US on March 15, 2014. The 5 disc set includes all 22 episodes from the third season and various language and subtitle options. Hart of Dixie (Season 3) The third season of \"Hart of Dixie\" premiered on October 7, 2013 and ended on May 16, 2014, with 22 episdoes. For the third season, the",
"title": "Hart of Dixie (Season 3)"
},
{
"id": "16146722",
"text": "in season three include Kathie Lee Gifford, Sandra Bernhard, Laura San Giacomo, Gilles Marini, Don Rickles, Jennifer Love Hewitt, Joe Jonas, Huey Lewis, John Mahoney, Susan Lucci, Regis Philbin, Joan Rivers, Georgia Engel, Rhea Perlman, Roger Bart, Kevin Nealon, Craig Bierko, Josh Cribbs, Steven Weber, Ryan McPartlin, James Denton, Kristin Chenoweth, Rick Springfield, and Doug Savant. Season three was released in Region 1 on November 27, 2012. The DVD includes all 24 episodes on 3 discs, and also features a \"Some Like it Hot behind-the-scenes special\". <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Hot in Cleveland (season 3) The third season of the TV Land original",
"title": "Hot in Cleveland (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "19549461",
"text": "Asian to win a People's Choice Award. Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released season one on DVD on September 13, 2016. Season one begins with Alex Parrish, a former FBI recruit, becoming a prime suspect following a terrorist attack on Grand Central Terminal. She is taken into custody and charged with treason. Her first escape is orchestrated by Deputy Director Miranda Shaw, her primary instructor at Quantico, who refuses to believe that she is guilty and feels someone from her class has framed her. Various flashbacks show Parrish and fellow agents, each having their secret reasons for joining the FBI,",
"title": "Quantico (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "18762384",
"text": "the academy. Dougray Scott was then cast as Liam O'Connor, Miranda's former partner and current subordinate. Priyanka Chopra was cast as series protagonist Alex Parrish, the result of a talent holding deal with ABC Studios which required the company to develop a starring project for her or cast her in an existing project for the 2015 television season. ABC casting executive Keli Lee had long tried to persuade Chopra to perform on television in the United States. When the actress began considering U.S. TV, Lee learned that Chopra had been approached by another studio: \"I said [to Chopra], 'No, you",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18762386",
"text": "us that was on TV. And that was really weird for me because there's so many people of South Asian descent in America – in the world. I didn't want to be this stereotype of what Indian people are usually seen as in global pop culture. We don't just have to be Apu from \"The Simpsons\".\" After being given all 26 pilot scripts which ABC was filming for the 2015–2016 television season, she chose \"Quantico\". Despite having appeared in over 50 films, she was required to audition for the first time, which she found nerve-wracking. Safran was impressed by Chopra's",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "9400284",
"text": "writer Tracey Stern also returned and contributed a further two episodes. Second season writer Belinda Casas Wells also returned and wrote a further two episodes. They were joined on the writing staff by Samantha Howard Corbin and Jason Cahill with three episodes each. Anne Kenney contributed to the story for a single episode. Barbara Hall wrote the teleplay for a single episode. Chulack continued to regularly direct episodes and helmed a further four episodes in the third season. Richard Thorpe, Félix Enríquez Alcalá, and Rod Holcomb were all returning directors for the third season. Thorpe continued to act as a",
"title": "ER (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "5921439",
"text": "girlhood, Ellis is present in nearly every scene, aging decades and displaying a stunning range of emotion.\" Ellis received Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actress in a Movie or Miniseries nomination for her performance. On February 25, 2015, it was announced that Ellis was cast as main character in the ABC thriller series, \"Quantico\". She left the series after two seasons in 2017. In 2016, Ellis co-starred in the historical drama film \"The Birth of a Nation\", based on the story of the 1831 slave rebellion led by Nat Turner. The film also stars Nate Parker, Aja Naomi King,",
"title": "Aunjanue Ellis"
},
{
"id": "2881462",
"text": "opposite Madeleine Stowe, as the powerful patriarch Conrad Grayson, a series regular role, in ABC soap-type series \"Revenge\". His character was stabbed at the end of season 3 and in the first episode of the fourth season it was revealed he had died. He later returned to the series in unseen flashback sequences in one season 4 episode. In 2016, Czerny was cast in the ABC thriller series \"Quantico\" for the recurring role of CIA director Matthew Keyes. Czerny is married to Claudine Cassidy and they have a son, Cameron. Before his marriage, he once dated American actress Dana Delany,",
"title": "Henry Czerny"
},
{
"id": "18762399",
"text": "the hostage crisis, adding, \"When we broke Season 2, we knew we were going to go to one timeline, because it's about the [terrorist] event, and then it's about what happens after the event. And you can't flashback to the Farm after the crisis is over.\" He said that the change was also due to viewer complaints that the first season's dual timeline was confusing. \"Quantico\" pilot episode was filmed in Atlanta from March 11 to March 26, 2015, with two days of filming in New York. It was announced that the series would be filmed in downtown Montreal and",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19549471",
"text": "new show of the season, giving it an \"A\". She felt the show was \"taut and terrifically calibrated\" noting it has \"at least one deadly effective twist you won't see coming\". The \"San Francisco Chronicle\" praised the series, calling it a winner and wrote: \"The plot is intricate and compelling, the characters magnetic and mysterious at the same time.\" James Poniewozik of \"The New York Times\" wrote about Chopra's performance, describing her as the \"strongest human asset\" of the show, and added that \"she is immediately charismatic and commanding\". He added that \"the narrative gymnastics make the first half-hour of",
"title": "Quantico (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "17587933",
"text": "cast in \"Warrior\" which was followed by a supporting role in \"Safe House\". In February 2013, McLaughlin was cast as the male lead in \"Believe\", a television pilot by Alfonso Cuarón which was picked to series in May 2013. The show premiered on NBC in March, 2014. In March 2015, McLaughlin was cast in the role of Ryan Booth on the television pilot, \"Quantico\", which was picked to series in May. The show premiered on the ABC network in September 2015 and was cancelled in May 2018 after only three seasons. In 2004, McLaughlin married Stephanie [...]. They have four",
"title": "Jake McLaughlin"
},
{
"id": "9195643",
"text": "for the second season. In 2015, Tovey starred in \"Banished\", a historical drama series written by Jimmy McGovern about a group of British convicts in Australia in the 18th century. In 2015 Tovey made his first of many live appearances for arts and entertainment company Pin Drop Studio, reading a short story to an audience followed by an interview by Simon Oldfield. In 2016, Tovey was cast in the ABC network thriller drama \"Quantico\" for the series regular role of Harry Doyle. In September 2017, it was revealed that Tovey would be voicing Ray Terrill / The Ray, a reporter",
"title": "Russell Tovey"
},
{
"id": "3928983",
"text": "unsuccessful Fox comedy pilot \"Fatrick\". In 2015, Cross guest starred in an episode of \"\", and later joined the cast of ABC thriller series \"Quantico\" playing the recurring role of President Claire Haas, a former Democratic vice presidential nominee. Cross was the long-time companion of actor Richard Jordan, who was 25 years her senior; Jordan died from a brain tumor in 1993. In 2006, she married stockbroker Tom Mahoney. Cross underwent in vitro fertilization soon after their wedding, and gave birth to fraternal twin daughters Eden and Savannah in February 2007, shortly before her 45th birthday. Marcia Cross Marcia Anne",
"title": "Marcia Cross"
},
{
"id": "11859841",
"text": "Lifetime dark comedy-drama, \"Unreal\". The series premiered on June 1, 2015 with positive reviews from critics. Also in 2015, Braddy was cast as a series regular in the ABC thriller \"Quantico\" along with Priyanka Chopra, Yasmine Al Massri, Graham Rogers, Jake McLaughlin and Aunjanue Ellis. Braddy married her co-star from \"Video Game High School\", Josh Blaylock, on November 11, 2012. They divorced late 2014 or early 2015; the exact date is unknown. Around the end of June 2015, Braddy confirmed in her verified Twitter account that they are no longer married. Braddy began dating her \"Unreal\" co-star, Freddie Stroma, in",
"title": "Johanna Braddy"
},
{
"id": "17740425",
"text": "and starred in the Justin Timberlake music video for the song \"Mirrors\". She appeared as Eve in the film \"Noah\", released on March 28, 2014. In 2016, Rinehart appeared in episodes of \"Quantico\" and \"Blue Bloods\", and 2017 in \"\" and \"What Would You Do? (ABC News series)\". Rinehart was born to plastic surgeon Gregory Rinehart and illustrator Nadine Sokol Rinehart. She grew up speaking English and Bulgarian at home. Rinehart has an older brother Ian, and the two are close. Rinehart started with ballet as an extra activity to do, but soon fell in love with it. She then",
"title": "Ariane Rinehart"
},
{
"id": "18762398",
"text": "the CIA. Safran elaborated about the differences between the FBI and CIA, saying, \"We're very interested in the fact that the FBI's so much about being honest, truthful and living up to your badge. And the CIA is the opposite. You succeed if you can deceive. So it's going to be interesting to see. It's like a funhouse mirror of what we've seen.\" He announced that the series would switch to a single timeline after the fourteenth episode. Safran said that the second season was always designed to adopt a single timeline after the resolved storyline and the aftermath of",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "20476856",
"text": "2017, it was announced that Powell joined as a series regular in the third season of the ABC thriller \"Quantico\". He starred in the role of undercover agent, Mike McQuigg. Alan Powell (actor) Alan Powell (born May 3, 1985) is an American actor and singer, known for his portrayal of Franklin Weaver in the 2014 film, \"Where Hope Grows\" and Mike McQuigg in the third season of the ABC thriller \"Quantico\". Alan Powell was born on May 3, 1985 in Nashville, Tennessee, US. In 2009, he made his acting debut in the 2009 film, \"Charlie & Boots\". Following on from",
"title": "Alan Powell (actor)"
},
{
"id": "11859838",
"text": "Johanna Braddy Johanna Elizabeth Braddy (born August 30, 1987) is an American actress. She played the leading role in the 2009 horror film \"The Grudge 3\", and has appeared in \"Hurt\" (2009), \"Easy A\" (2010), \"Paranormal Activity 3\" (2011), and \"The Levenger Tapes\" (2011). She also starred in a main role as Jenny Matrix in the hit web series \"Video Game High School\" from 2012 to 2014. In 2015, Braddy co-starred as Anna Martin in the Lifetime dark comedy-drama series \"Unreal\". She also starred as Shelby Wyatt in the ABC thriller series \"Quantico\". Braddy was born in Atlanta, Georgia; the",
"title": "Johanna Braddy"
},
{
"id": "12662568",
"text": "Veronica Mars (season 3) The third and final season of \"Veronica Mars\", an American drama television series created by Rob Thomas, began airing on The CW in the United States on October 3, 2006. The season was produced by Warner Bros. Television, Silver Pictures Television, Stu Segall Productions, Inc and Rob Thomas Productions, and Joel Silver, Diane Ruggiero and Thomas served as executive producers. The third season comprises 20 episodes and concluded its initial airing on May 22, 2007. The season continues the story of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell), now a freshman studying at Hearst College while moonlighting as a",
"title": "Veronica Mars (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "18106657",
"text": "returned in January 2015 for a ten-part second series. A third series containing ten episodes began in November 2015. The fourth series of ten episodes aired in June 2016. The fifth series, lasting eight episodes, started in February 2017. A ten-part second series was filmed and broadcast in 2015 on Dave. A ten-part third series (plus Christmas special) was broadcast on Dave. A ten-part fourth series was filmed during February–March 2016. and was broadcast on consecutive nights from 11 June 2016. An eight-part fifth series was broadcast from February to April 2017. Alan Davies: As Yet Untitled Alan Davies: As",
"title": "Alan Davies: As Yet Untitled"
},
{
"id": "18762397",
"text": "the two-storyline structure.\" In an interview, he confirmed that the structure would be \"a little bit of flash-forward, but the majority will be what I like to call the present.\" According to Safran, the producers aimed at a more mature, darker second season which would be \"less confusing\" to viewers. Safran had plotted an upcoming plot point as the first season ended, which saw Alex clearing her name, getting fired by the FBI and receiving a job offer by the CIA director. He revealed that the season two storyline would focus on the contrasting work ethics of the FBI and",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "10411020",
"text": "Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd",
"title": "2007 Nashville Kats season"
},
{
"id": "20141718",
"text": "the series and distributed the first part through their streaming service worldwide, starting on 25 December 2017. However, instead of retaining the original number of nine episodes and the 70 minute runtime of each episode in the season, it was cut into thirteen different untitled episodes, each being 41–55 minutes in length. Netflix released the second part worldwide on 6 April 2018, with the same edits made to the episodes as in the first part. On 18 April 2018, Netflix renewed the series for a third part, which is expected to be released in 2019. The third part will be",
"title": "Money Heist"
},
{
"id": "18437685",
"text": "the series was nominated for . The third season was released on DVD in region 1 on March 1, 2016. Special features include deleted scenes and a featurette titled \"The Cold War for Paige\". The Americans (season 3) The third season of the American television drama series \"The Americans\", consisting of 13 episodes, premiered on FX on January 28, 2015, and concluded on April 22, 2015. The series was renewed for the third season on April 16, 2014. The events of the third season begin in late 1982 and end on March 8, 1983, the night of Ronald Reagan's Evil",
"title": "The Americans (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "17288198",
"text": "a Time in Wonderland\". In August 2013, it was announced that the season would be split into two parts, with the first eleven episodes premiering from September 29 to December 2013, while the second half would broadcast from March 9 to May 2014. The first eleven episodes were set primarily in Neverland; co-creators Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis spoke about the setting of the third season stating, \"Neverland is a land of belief, a land of imagination, and a land where all our main characters are being stripped down to their core. It’s really allowing us, as writers, to dig",
"title": "Once Upon a Time (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "16146721",
"text": "Hot in Cleveland (season 3) The third season of the TV Land original sitcom \"Hot in Cleveland\" premiered on November 30, 2011. TV Land originally ordered 22 episodes but later increased the order to 24. The series stars Valerie Bertinelli, Wendie Malick, Jane Leeves, and Betty White. On February 28, 2011, TV Land renewed the show for a third season to consist of 22 episodes. However, on March 21, 2011, the episode order for season three was increased from 22 to 24 episodes. This season premiered on November 30, 2011 and ran straight through until June 6, 2012. Guest stars",
"title": "Hot in Cleveland (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "6444590",
"text": "Josh Hopkins William Joshua Hopkins (born September 12, 1970) is an American actor and amateur musician. Hopkins was born in Lexington, Kentucky. He has participated in many TV series and films. He is the writer and performer of the song \"Feigning Interest\", a humoristic music video about dating that went viral in 2007. In 2015, he starred in the ABC thriller \"Quantico\" as Liam O'Connor. Hopkins was born in Lexington, Kentucky on September 12, 1970. Hopkins joined the fourth, and the last season, of \"New York Undercover\" in 1998. In 1999 Hopkins starred in Alanis Morissette's \"Unsent\" music video. Hopkins",
"title": "Josh Hopkins"
},
{
"id": "10416126",
"text": "Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance:",
"title": "2007 Utah Blaze season"
},
{
"id": "19549515",
"text": "the 2017's People's Choice Award for Favorite Dramatic TV Actress. As season two begins, Alex Parrish and Ryan Booth are working undercover for the FBI at \"The Farm\" as CIA recruits. Their mission is to uncover the mastermind behind the rogue faction of the CIA called the AIC. In the future, the President of the United States, the First Lady and several other world leaders are being held hostage at the G-20 summit in New York City by a group of terrorists called the Citizens Liberation Front. The group's real agenda is to get the surveillance drives from the world",
"title": "Quantico (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "18762406",
"text": "can practically hear the plot gears moving. But it accomplishes what the opener of a whodunit needs to do: establish a wide range of plausible suspects and spark our interest in the mystery and the hero.\" James Poniewozik of \"The New York Times\" called Chopra the series' \"strongest human asset\", calling her \"immediately charismatic and commanding.\" Melissa Maerz of \"Entertainment Weekly\" called \"Quantico\" the best Shonda Rhimes drama that Rhimes never touched and wrote that \"Chopra's bound to be a breakout star.\" Rob Lowman of the \"Los Angeles Daily News\" enjoyed the show and Chopra's performance, saying, \"Although a bit",
"title": "Quantico (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18549245",
"text": "Tanner and Tammy Macintosh joined the cast as inmate Jodie Spiteri, psychologist Bridget Westfall and vigilante Karen Proctor, respectively. AACTA Awards (2015) Australian Writers' Guild Awards (2015 & 2016) Logie Awards (2016) The third season of \"Wentworth\" is available on both DVD and Blu-ray formats in Australia and Germany, and on DVD-only format in the United Kingdom and the United States. Wentworth (season 3) The third season of the television drama series \"Wentworth\" premiered on SoHo in Australia on 7 April 2015. It was executively produced by FremantleMedia's Director of Drama, Jo Porter. The season comprises 12 episodes. Season three",
"title": "Wentworth (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "14109295",
"text": "for season two. After the fall season concluded, the first ten episode averaged 1.483 million viewers, with an adults 18–49 rating of 0.4, per episode, making it one of the higher rated shows in 2010 for the network. The spring season began airing on April 15, 2011 with 1.217 million viewers, a season low. Syfy later announced it would swap the show with \"Urban Legends\" where it was moved to Monday nights and be paired with \"Stargate Universe\" starting April 25 due to the low rating from the mid season premiere. However ratings for the show worsened, with 868,000 viewers",
"title": "Sanctuary (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "16782809",
"text": "2015, Artist joined the ABC drama-thriller series \"Quantico\", playing the role of Brandon Fletcher, an FBI recruit at the training academy in Quantico, Virginia. Artist guest starred as Todd Connors in the ninth episode of the FX horror anthology series \"\". He then starred alongside John Cusack and Ellar Coltrane in the thriller film \"Blood Money\". Artist has a recurring role in the upcoming second season of \"The Arrangement\" as Wes Blaker. Jacob Artist Jacob Artist (born October 17, 1992) is an American actor, singer, and show dancer. He is best known for his roles as Jake Puckerman on the",
"title": "Jacob Artist"
},
{
"id": "14668052",
"text": "The Mentalist (season 3) The third season of \"The Mentalist\" premiered on September 23, 2010 and concluded with its 2-hour season finale on May 19, 2011. The season consisted of 24 episodes. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> In the UK, the third season premiered on Friday 15 October at 9 pm on Channel Five to 2.18 million viewers, nearly 1 million less than the second season's premiere. Overall, the season averaged 2.08 million viewers (21% less than the previous season), making this the least watched season of the series so far. The most watched episode was \"Jolly Red Elf\" (2.62 million), and the least",
"title": "The Mentalist (season 3)"
}
] | how many episodes are there in season 3 of quantico |
|
| [
{
"id": "142667",
"text": "Six of them have won the title since then: Manchester United (13), Chelsea (5), Arsenal (3), Manchester City (3), Blackburn Rovers (1), and Leicester City (1). Following the 2003–04 season, Arsenal acquired the nickname \"The Invincibles\" as they became, and still remain, the only club to complete a Premier League campaign without losing a single game. The record of most points in a Premier League season is 100 by Manchester City in 2017–18. Despite significant European success in the 1970s and early 1980s, the late 1980s marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities,",
"title": "Premier League"
},
{
"id": "19987954",
"text": "numerous Premier League records over the course of the season, including: most points (100), most wins (32), most away wins (16), most goals (106), most consecutive league wins (18), highest goal difference (+79), most passes in a game (903), fewest minutes behind in matches (153 minutes) and biggest winning points margin (19). All three promoted clubs avoided relegation for the first time since the 2011–12 campaign, and for only the third time in Premier League history. From this season on, club strips can feature sleeve sponsorship, whereby sponsors' logos will appear on the left sleeve of the strip in lieu",
"title": "2017–18 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "20161209",
"text": "during the season, including: most points (100), most away points (50), most points ahead of second (19), most wins (32), most away wins (16), most goals (106), best goal difference (+79) and most consecutive victories (18). The team also equalled the record for the earliest Premier League title win (5 games to spare), beating of every other team in the league throughout the season and recording the most consecutive away wins (11). An Amazon Original docuseries of the season titled \"\" was released on Amazon Video on 17 August 2018. On 1 November, Sergio Agüero scored his 178th City goal",
"title": "2017–18 Manchester City F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "19987953",
"text": "2017–18 Premier League The 2017–18 Premier League was the 26th season of the Premier League, the top English professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992. The season started on 11 August 2017 and concluded on 13 May 2018. Fixtures for the 2017–18 season were announced on 14 June 2017. Chelsea were the defending champions, while Newcastle United, Brighton & Hove Albion and Huddersfield Town entered as the promoted teams from the 2016–17 EFL Championship. Manchester City won their third Premier League title, and fifth English top-flight title overall, with five games to spare. The team broke",
"title": "2017–18 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "3071881",
"text": "2004–05 FA Premier League The 2004–05 FA Premier League (known as the FA Barclays Premiership for sponsorship reasons) began on 14 August 2004 and ended on 15 May 2005. Arsenal were the defending champions after going unbeaten the previous season. Chelsea won the title with a then record 95 points, which was surpassed by Manchester City in the 2017–18 season, securing the title with a 2–0 win at the Reebok Stadium against Bolton Wanderers. Chelsea also broke a number of other records during their campaign, most notably breaking the record of most games won in a single Premier League campaign,",
"title": "2004–05 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "3071889",
"text": "League title, second Top division title in their history. During his first season at the club, Chelsea won the Premier League title (their first league title in 50 years) and the League Cup. The season was also notable for the number of records set during the season: Fewest goals against in a Premier League season (15), most clean sheets kept in a season (25), most wins in a season (29), most consecutive away wins (9) and the most points in a season (95). The Premier League Fair Play Award is merit given to the team who has been the most",
"title": "2004–05 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "142664",
"text": "Premier League The Premier League (often referred to as the English Premier League (EPL) outside England) is the top level of the English football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League (EFL). The Premier League is a corporation in which the member clubs act as shareholders. Seasons run from August to May with each team playing 38 matches (playing each other home and away). Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons. The Premier League has featured 47 English and two Welsh clubs since its inception,",
"title": "Premier League"
},
{
"id": "12946401",
"text": "given to Chelsea for the third consecutive year. Chelsea collected the Premier League Merit Award for being the first team to score 100 goals in a Premier League season. 2009–10 Premier League The 2009–10 Premier League (known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 18th season of the Premier League since its establishment in 1992. A total of 20 teams competed in the league, with Chelsea unseating the three-time defending champions Manchester United, scoring a then Premier League record 103 goals in the process. The season began on 15 August 2009 and concluded on 9 May 2010.",
"title": "2009–10 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "142733",
"text": "his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively. Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league. The Premier League maintains two trophies – the genuine trophy (held by the reigning champions) and a spare replica. Two trophies are held in the event that two clubs could win the League on the final day of the season. In the",
"title": "Premier League"
},
{
"id": "14552433",
"text": "Premier League Golden Boot, with Henry achieving this on two occasions (2004 and 2005). Shearer, Hasselbaink and Van Persie are the only players to win the Golden Boot with two clubs. Andy Cole and Shearer – with 34 goals in 1993–94 and 1994–95, respectively – scored the most goals to win the Golden Boot when the Premier League was a 42-game season, Mohamed Salah with 32 goals in 2017–18 holds the record for the current 38-game season, while Nicolas Anelka scored the fewest to clinch the award outright, with 19 goals in 2008–09. The all-time record for lowest number of",
"title": "Premier League Golden Boot"
},
{
"id": "19245451",
"text": "2016–17 Premier League The 2016–17 Premier League was the 25th season of the Premier League, the top English professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992. The season began on 13 August 2016 and concluded on 21 May 2017. Fixtures for the 2016–17 season were announced on 15 June 2016. Chelsea won their fifth Premier League title, and sixth English title, with two matches to spare following a 1–0 away win over West Bromwich Albion on 12 May. The defending champions were Leicester City, who finished 12th, thereby setting a new record for the worst Premier League",
"title": "2016–17 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "4258744",
"text": "1996–97 FA Premier League The 1996–97 FA Premier League (known as the FA Carling Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the fifth season of the competition, since its formation in 1992. The majority of the season was contested by the reigning champions, Manchester United, along with Newcastle United, Arsenal and Liverpool. The title was eventually won by Manchester United, after Liverpool and Newcastle's failure to win in their penultimate games of the season; at 75 points it is the lowest points total for a Premier League champion and lowest since the 3-1-0 points system was introduced in the 1981–82 season. Middlesbrough",
"title": "1996–97 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "9522650",
"text": "and exposure. The Premier League became the top level of English football, and Division One (later renamed the Football League Championship) fell to the second level. Manchester United were the first Premiership winners, their first title in 26 years, and under Alex Ferguson, they dominated English football during the 1990s, winning five league titles (including two doubles), one League Cup, one Cup Winners' Cup and, in 1999, a unique treble: the FA Cup, League and Champions League all in one season. Their success was made even more remarkable by the high number of players who came up simultaneously through their",
"title": "History of football in England"
},
{
"id": "19987956",
"text": "punished under the new rule. Manchester City were confirmed as Premier League champions following Manchester United's 0–1 defeat at home to West Bromwich Albion in the 33rd round. Manchester City had started the Premier League season with an away win over Brighton & Hove Albion in August. After a draw against Everton, Manchester City won eighteen games in a row. During this time they secured first position and held it for the remainder of the season. On 7 April, Manchester City lost to Manchester United in the local derby, in which a win would have secured their position as champions.",
"title": "2017–18 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "17113317",
"text": "Chelsea and Wojciech Szczęsny of Arsenal. The Premier League Fair Play League was topped by Liverpool. 2013–14 Premier League The 2013–14 Premier League (known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 22nd season of the Premier League, the top-flight English professional league for men's football clubs. The fixtures were announced on 19 June 2013. The season started on Saturday 17 August 2013, and concluded on Sunday 11 May 2014. On the final day of the season, Manchester City won the Premier League with a 2–0 victory over West Ham United, finishing with 86 points. Liverpool had looked",
"title": "2013–14 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "19987959",
"text": "league wins (11) and set club records by achieving 28 consecutive games unbeaten in all competitions; 30 consecutive games unbeaten in the league; 20 consecutive home wins in all competitions; and winning 14 away games in a season. They won their fifth English league title, and completed their second league and League Cup double in four years. Arsenal had a poor season, finishing sixth overall. Long-serving manager Arsène Wenger announced his departure from the club on 20 April 2018. Their final home game was an emphatic 5–0 defeat of Burnley which guaranteed qualification to the group stage of the Europa",
"title": "2017–18 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "16446665",
"text": "Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur. In that time, only five teams ever won the League title: Manchester United (twelve times), Arsenal (thrice), Chelsea (thrice), Manchester City (once) and Blackburn Rovers (once). Manchester United were also the most successful team overall, never finishing outside of the top-three positions. The awards were divided into 11 categories. Fans could vote for Best Goal, Best Match, Best Save, Best Celebration and Fantasy XI of the 20 Seasons on the Premier League website. A panel selected winners for Best Player, Best Manager, Best Team, Best Season, Best Quote and",
"title": "Premier League 20 Seasons Awards"
},
{
"id": "13423331",
"text": "most consecutive league wins after 18 victories in a row, including a victory in Manchester Derby, which helped them widen the gap between them and second-placed Manchester United in the Premier League. City broke plenty of Premier League records this season, including, the most points (100), the most goals scored (106), the most wins (32), the most away wins (16), most away points (50), highest goal differential (+79), and highest gap between the top 2 teams (19), while equalling Manchester United 2000/01's record for games to play with title won (5). History of Manchester City F.C. The history of the",
"title": "History of Manchester City F.C."
},
{
"id": "4258964",
"text": "1998–99 FA Premier League The 1998–99 FA Premier League (known as the FA Carling Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the seventh season of the Premier League, the top division of English football, since its establishment in 1992. Manchester United won a unique treble of the league title, the FA Cup and the European Cup. They secured their fifth league championship in seven seasons after losing just three league games all season. The season was also the 100th season of top flight football in England, not counting years lost to the two World Wars. Of the original clubs in the first",
"title": "1998–99 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "19449434",
"text": "Chelsea narrowly won over Crystal Palace 1–0, away at Selhurst Park, extending Chelsea's unbeaten streak at Selhurst Park to 26 years, since Palace last defeated Chelsea there in 1990. The win takes Chelsea nine points clear of title chasers Liverpool and Arsenal, both having a game in hand over Chelsea. The win also meant that Chelsea are the third team in Premier League history to reach 500 league wins, after Arsenal and Manchester United. Chelsea also equal a club record with 11-straight league wins; Chelsea last achieved this feat from April to September 2009. Diego Costa and N'Golo Kanté both",
"title": "2016–17 Chelsea F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "19987958",
"text": "Manchester United started the season strongly winning their first three games without conceding a goal and led the table until mid-September. However, following convincing wins against Liverpool (5–0), Watford (6–0) and Crystal Palace (5–0), Manchester City went top of the league in September and remained there for the rest of the season. During the campaign Manchester City broke and set several new club and English football records. They established national records in consecutive away (11) and overall (20) victories in all competitions; set a new English record for consecutive league wins (18); equalled the Premier League record for consecutive away",
"title": "2017–18 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "15960493",
"text": "points and goals of every team that has played in the Premier League since its inception in 1992. The table that follows is accurate as of the end of the 2017–18 season. Teams in bold are part of the 2018–19 Premier League. Numbers in bold are the record (highest either positive or negative) numbers in each column. League or status at 2018–19: Premier League records and statistics The top tier of English football was renamed the Premier League for the start of the 1992–93 season. The following page details the football records and statistics of the Premier League. Players currently",
"title": "Premier League records and statistics"
},
{
"id": "142738",
"text": "reach these milestones will receive a presentation box from the Premier League containing a special medallion and a plaque commemorating their achievement. In 2012, the Premier League celebrated its second decade by holding the 20 Seasons Awards: Premier League The Premier League (often referred to as the English Premier League (EPL) outside England) is the top level of the English football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League (EFL). The Premier League is a corporation in which the member clubs act as shareholders. Seasons run from August",
"title": "Premier League"
},
{
"id": "19449405",
"text": "fifth Premier League title with a 1–0 win away to West Bromwich Albion on 12 May. Chelsea lost the FA Cup Final to Arsenal after a 2–1 loss on 27 May. This season was the last for John Terry, who announced he will leave when his contract ends at the end of the season after Chelsea's final game.<ref name=\"Guardian 05/17\"></ref> The season saw Chelsea equal the Premier League records for consecutive wins in a season (13), fewest draws in a season (3), fewest home draws in a season (0), and home and away wins against different sides (12). They also",
"title": "2016–17 Chelsea F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "19369154",
"text": "the Second Division Chelsea achieved their highest points total achieving 99 in the 1988–89 season. As of the 2016–17 season, the club holds the records for the most points, most goals scored and most clean sheets in a single Premier League season with 95 points in 2004–05, 103 goals in 2009–10 and 25 clean sheets in 2004–05. Chelsea have been English football champions six times. Chelsea played their inaugural league fixture as part of the Football League Second Division on 2 September 1905 against Stockport County. Since that game they have faced eighty different sides in league football with their",
"title": "Chelsea F.C. league record by opponent"
},
{
"id": "19987962",
"text": "league – the top seventeen teams from the previous season and the three teams promoted from the Championship. The promoted teams were Brighton & Hove Albion, Newcastle United and play-off winners Huddersfield Town, who replaced Sunderland, Middlesbrough and Hull City. 2017–18 Premier League The 2017–18 Premier League was the 26th season of the Premier League, the top English professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992. The season started on 11 August 2017 and concluded on 13 May 2018. Fixtures for the 2017–18 season were announced on 14 June 2017. Chelsea were the defending champions, while Newcastle",
"title": "2017–18 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "20116093",
"text": "September 2016, a \"watershed moment\" in their season according to BBC journalist Phil McNulty. While Arsenal struggled to build momentum throughout autumn and winter, Chelsea manager Antonio Conte's tactical switch from 4–3–3 to 3–4–3 thereafter resulted in a 13-match winning run. They won the Premier League with two matches to spare, and later set a new divisional record for the most wins (30). Arsenal ended the season in fifth place, their lowest placing under manager Arsène Wenger, and missed out on UEFA Champions League football for the first time in 20 years. Wenger's future had been cast into doubt following",
"title": "2017 FA Cup Final"
},
{
"id": "17113306",
"text": "2013–14 Premier League The 2013–14 Premier League (known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 22nd season of the Premier League, the top-flight English professional league for men's football clubs. The fixtures were announced on 19 June 2013. The season started on Saturday 17 August 2013, and concluded on Sunday 11 May 2014. On the final day of the season, Manchester City won the Premier League with a 2–0 victory over West Ham United, finishing with 86 points. Liverpool had looked on course to win the title with two weeks to go, but a loss and a",
"title": "2013–14 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "142666",
"text": "to £2.4 billion in 2016–17. The Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people. In the 2014–15 season, the average Premier League match attendance exceeded 36,000, second highest of any professional football league behind the Bundesliga's 43,500. Most stadium occupancies are near capacity. The Premier League ranks second in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons, as of 2018. Forty-nine clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992.",
"title": "Premier League"
},
{
"id": "18044097",
"text": "end of April Chelsea secured their fourth Premier League trophy and their fifth top division trophy overall, after a 1–0 victory over Crystal Palace. A Hazard goal was enough to send the Blues 16 points clear and unable to be caught. This was José Mourinho's third Premier League and eighth title overall. The title victory also put him level with Arsène Wenger in the second-most Premier League wins behind Alex Ferguson. Chelsea had spent 253 days at the top of the Premier League table to date this season, and only Chelsea in 2005–06 (257 days) and Manchester United in 1993–94",
"title": "2014–15 Chelsea F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "20111434",
"text": "2018–19 Premier League The 2018–19 Premier League is the 27th season of the Premier League, the top English professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992. The season started on 10 August 2018 and is scheduled to finish on 12 May 2019. Fixtures for the 2018–19 season were announced on 14 June 2018. Manchester City are the defending champions. Wolverhampton Wanderers, Cardiff City and Fulham joined as the promoted clubs from the 2017–18 EFL Championship. They replaced West Bromwich Albion, Swansea City and Stoke City who were relegated to the 2018–19 EFL Championship. The season was marred",
"title": "2018–19 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "15456158",
"text": "2011–12 Premier League The 2011–12 Premier League (known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 20th season of the Premier League since its establishment in 1992. The season began on 13 August 2011 and ended on 13 May 2012 with Manchester City sealing their first league title since 1968 with victory over Queens Park Rangers on the final day. The title was City's first Premier League success, making them the fifth club to win the Premier League in its 20-year history. City finished level on 89 points with Manchester United, but their goal difference was eight better",
"title": "2011–12 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "8441498",
"text": "award for winning the Premier League with Manchester United. The club beat Tottenham Hotspur on the last matchday to secure their fifth championship in seven years, and in the following week completed a treble of trophies consisting of the domestic league, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League. Ferguson received the accolade again in 1999–2000, as Manchester United finished 18 points above second-placed Arsenal. Ipswich Town manager George Burley was the winner in 2000–01, the first time the award did not go to a league-winning manager. Ipswich Town, who won promotion to the Premier League from the First Division in the",
"title": "Premier League Manager of the Season"
},
{
"id": "10898187",
"text": "rules mandate that half of the prize money must be distributed among the players. Out of the thirteen teams that have played in the Indian Premier League since its inception, two teams has won the competition three times, one team have won the competition twice each and three other teams have won it once each. The Mumbai Indians and Chennai Super Kings are the most successful team in league's history in terms of the number of titles won. The Kolkata Knight Riders have won two titles, and the other three teams who have won the tournament are the Deccan Chargers,",
"title": "Indian Premier League"
},
{
"id": "12946389",
"text": "2009–10 Premier League The 2009–10 Premier League (known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 18th season of the Premier League since its establishment in 1992. A total of 20 teams competed in the league, with Chelsea unseating the three-time defending champions Manchester United, scoring a then Premier League record 103 goals in the process. The season began on 15 August 2009 and concluded on 9 May 2010. Prior to each opening week match, a minute's applause was held in memory of Sir Bobby Robson. Nike provided a new match ball – the T90 Ascente – for",
"title": "2009–10 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "14060021",
"text": "decade, with only nine teams managing to stay in the league for the full ten seasons – Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester United, Southampton and Tottenham Hotspur. In that time, only three teams ever won the League title: Manchester United (seven), Arsenal (twice) and Blackburn Rovers (once). Manchester United were also the most successful team overall, only finishing outside of the top-two positions once. (See also:#First decade finishing positions by season) According to the League's chief executive Richard Scudamore, this first decade was a period which saw 113 million fans go to Premier League football matches",
"title": "Premier League 10 Seasons Awards"
},
{
"id": "905876",
"text": "in Division 2 in 1930–31 and from 1951–54). They are one of six teams to have played in every season of the Premier League since its inception in August 1992 – the others being Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur. Everton against Aston Villa is the most played fixture in England's top flight. As of the 2012–13 season, the two founding members of the Football League have played a record 196 league games. Everton's community department, Everton in the Community (EitC), is a charity that provides sports and other social activities for the local community including for people",
"title": "Everton F.C."
},
{
"id": "7548320",
"text": "top of the table with Manchester United several times, and were briefly leapfrogged by Arsenal, they sealed their third Premier League title in six seasons with an emphatic 8–0 home win over Wigan on the final day of the season. The win also took Chelsea's league goal tally for the season to 103, the highest since Tottenham Hotspur scored 111 in the 1962–63 season, and the first time in Premier League history that a club had scored 100 or more goals in a season. A week later, Chelsea completed the first \"league title and FA Cup double\" in their history",
"title": "History of Chelsea F.C."
},
{
"id": "142732",
"text": "and Philippe Coutinho is now the most expensive transfer involving a Premier League club at £106 million. The highest transfer fee paid by a Premier League club is £89 million for Paul Pogba. The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-eight players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 players from 10 clubs have won or shared the top scorers title. Thierry Henry won",
"title": "Premier League"
},
{
"id": "1746352",
"text": "2002–03 FA Premier League The 2002–03 FA Premier League (known as the FA Barclaycard Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the 11th season of the Premier League, the top division in English football. The first matches were played on 17 August 2002 and the last were played on 11 May 2003. Manchester United ended the campaign as champions for the eighth time in eleven years – an achievement made all the more remarkable by virtue of defending champions Arsenal having been in the lead by eight points on 2 March. Although this was a season of breaking new English domestic records",
"title": "2002–03 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "15910075",
"text": "of Manchester City. Arsenal won the Premier League Fair Play Award after finishing the 2012–13 Premier League top of the Fair Play Table. The award for best behaved fans went to Norwich for the second year running. The Premier League Merit Award was awarded to Sir Alex Ferguson. 2012–13 Premier League The 2012–13 Premier League (known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 21st season of the Premier League, the English professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992. The fixture schedule was released on 18 June 2012.<ref name=\"=When does the 2012/13 season start?\"></ref>",
"title": "2012–13 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "8441501",
"text": "50 years. Chelsea finished the season with a league-record 95 points, 12 points ahead of runners-up Arsenal, scoring 72 goals and conceding 15 in the process. Mourinho won the award a second successive time the following season – the first foreign manager to do so – as Chelsea won their second Premier League title. Ferguson collected the award for the 2006–07, 2007–08 and 2008–09 seasons, in a period when Manchester United regained the domestic title after a four-year drought and retained the trophy for a further two years. Tottenham manager Harry Redknapp was presented with the award at the end",
"title": "Premier League Manager of the Season"
},
{
"id": "20111436",
"text": "eight and seven years respectively. 2018–19 Premier League The 2018–19 Premier League is the 27th season of the Premier League, the top English professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992. The season started on 10 August 2018 and is scheduled to finish on 12 May 2019. Fixtures for the 2018–19 season were announced on 14 June 2018. Manchester City are the defending champions. Wolverhampton Wanderers, Cardiff City and Fulham joined as the promoted clubs from the 2017–18 EFL Championship. They replaced West Bromwich Albion, Swansea City and Stoke City who were relegated to the 2018–19 EFL",
"title": "2018–19 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "14899564",
"text": "helped them widen the gap between them and second-placed Manchester United in the Premier League. City broke plenty of Premier League records this season, including, the most points (100), the most goals scored (106), the most wins (32), the most away wins (16), most away points (50), highest goal differential (+79), and highest gap between the top 2 teams (19), while equalling Manchester United 2000/01's record for games to play with title won (5). History of Manchester City F.C. (2001–present) This page chronicles the history of English football team Manchester City Football Club in further detail from 2001 to the",
"title": "History of Manchester City F.C. (2001–present)"
},
{
"id": "15910056",
"text": "2012–13 Premier League The 2012–13 Premier League (known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 21st season of the Premier League, the English professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992. The fixture schedule was released on 18 June 2012.<ref name=\"=When does the 2012/13 season start?\"></ref> The season began on 18 August 2012 and ended on 19 May 2013. Manchester City were the defending champions, having won their first Premier League title the previous season. This was their first top division league title since the 1967–68 season. On 22 April 2013, Manchester United won",
"title": "2012–13 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "14552432",
"text": "Originally consisting of 22 teams, the league contracted to 20 teams after the 1994–95 season; this reduced the number of games played from 42 to 38. Thierry Henry has won the Golden Boot on four occasions, more than any other player. Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink and Dwight Yorke were the first non-English and non-European winners, respectively, when they shared the award with Michael Owen in 1999. Alan Shearer is the only player other than Henry to win the award in three consecutive seasons. Phillips, Henry, Cristiano Ronaldo and Luis Suárez won the European Golden Shoe in the same season as the",
"title": "Premier League Golden Boot"
},
{
"id": "19449406",
"text": "managed to break the record for number of wins in a season (30), as well as record the second-highest points tally in Premier League history (93). It was announced that on the opening day, Chelsea will kick-off the season at home against West Ham United. On 9 June, Vitesse signed an extension on Nathan's loan and then two weeks later also signed an extension on Lewis Baker's loan. On 13 June, Chelsea announced it had released Marco Amelia and Kevin Wright, and also confirmed that loanees Radamel Falcao and Alexandre Pato would be returning to their respective teams. After spending",
"title": "2016–17 Chelsea F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "142681",
"text": "places on a regular basis, turning the \"Big Four\" into the \"Big Six\". In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton five years prior. Criticism of the gap between an elite group of \"super clubs\" and the majority of the Premier League has continued, nevertheless, due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs. Since the continued presence of Manchester City and Tottenham Hotspur at the top end of the table, no side has won consecutive Premier League titles. Additionally, the Premier League is",
"title": "Premier League"
},
{
"id": "4258705",
"text": "season bottom of the table. Manchester City failed to beat Liverpool on the final day of the season, consigning them to the final relegation place on goal difference behind Southampton and Coventry City. 1995–96 FA Premier League The 1995–96 FA Premier League (known as the FA Carling Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the fourth season of the competition, since its formation in 1992. Due to the decision to reduce the number of clubs in the Premier League from 22 to 20, only two clubs were promoted instead of the usual three, Middlesbrough and Bolton Wanderers. Manchester United won the Premier",
"title": "1995–96 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "96980",
"text": "passed Bobby Tambling's longstanding record of 202 in May 2013. Seven other players have also scored over 100 goals for Chelsea: George Hilsdon (1906–12), George Mills (1929–39), Roy Bentley (1948–56), Jimmy Greaves (1957–61), Peter Osgood (1964–74 and 1978–79), Kerry Dixon (1983–92) and Didier Drogba (2004–12 and 2014–2015). Greaves holds the record for the most goals scored in one season (43 in 1960–61). Chelsea's biggest winning scoreline in a competitive match is 13–0, achieved against Jeunesse Hautcharage in the Cup Winners' Cup in 1971. The club's biggest top-flight win was an 8–0 victory against Wigan Athletic in 2010, which was matched",
"title": "Chelsea F.C."
},
{
"id": "17882948",
"text": "2014–15 Premier League The 2014–15 Premier League (known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 23rd season of the Premier League, the top English professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992. The fixtures were announced on 18 June 2014. The season started on 16 August 2014 and concluded on 24 May 2015. Manchester City came into the season as defending champions of the 2013–14 season. Leicester City, Burnley and Queens Park Rangers entered as the three promoted teams. On 3 May 2015, Chelsea won the title with three games to spare after a",
"title": "2014–15 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "13747330",
"text": "2010–11 Premier League The 2010–11 Premier League (known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 19th season of the Premier League since its establishment in 1992. The 2010–11 fixtures were released on 17 June 2010 at 09:00 BST. The season began on 14 August 2010, and ended on 22 May 2011. Chelsea were the defending champions. Manchester United secured the title with a 1–1 draw away to Blackburn Rovers on 14 May 2011. This was their nineteenth English league title, breaking a tie with Liverpool which had stood since Manchester United won their eighteenth title in 2009.",
"title": "2010–11 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "5691707",
"text": "over multiple seasons was Sparta Prague's run of at least 51 wins in a row, between 1920 and 1923. Teams finishing a season unbeaten (i.e. having won or drawn every match) are more common. Arsenal in the 2003–04 English Premier League season, finished with no losses from 38 games over 100 years after Preston North End unbeaten streak in 22 league games and all of its FA Cup games in 1888–89. At the same time, AFC Wimbledon finished with a record of 42 wins, 4 draws and 0 defeats out of 46 games in their Combined Counties League Premier Division",
"title": "Perfect season"
},
{
"id": "2313304",
"text": "a 3–2 win. In total during his first season, Van Nistelrooy scored 23 goals in 32 league games. He broke the record he shared with Mark Stein, Alan Shearer and Thierry Henry, by scoring in eight consecutive league games. He also scored ten Champions League goals, and was named the PFA Players' Player of the Year. The following season, he finished as the top Premier League scorer with 25 goals in 34 games, with a goal on the final day against Everton earning him the Golden Boot ahead of Arsenal's Thierry Henry. His tally included three hat-tricks against Newcastle United,",
"title": "Ruud van Nistelrooy"
},
{
"id": "13051893",
"text": "football that was displayed, which resulted in the team breaking several Premier League records and statistics including most goals scored in a season (103), most goals scored at home in a season (68) and best goal difference in a season (+71). Chelsea won the FA Cup and the English Premier League to complete the Double for the first time in their history, while breaking numerous Premier League records in the number of goals they managed. Supplier: Adidas / Sponsor: Samsung The kit was first worn against Blackburn Rovers in the second-to-last Premier League game of the 2008–09 season. The away",
"title": "2009–10 Chelsea F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "4258698",
"text": "1995–96 FA Premier League The 1995–96 FA Premier League (known as the FA Carling Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the fourth season of the competition, since its formation in 1992. Due to the decision to reduce the number of clubs in the Premier League from 22 to 20, only two clubs were promoted instead of the usual three, Middlesbrough and Bolton Wanderers. Manchester United won the Premier League and qualified for the UEFA Champions League, while Arsenal, Aston Villa, and Newcastle United qualified for the UEFA Cup. Liverpool also qualified for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup as runners-up of the",
"title": "1995–96 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "534492",
"text": "League with a game to spare, making Ferguson the first manager in the history of English football to win the Premier League three times consecutively, on two separate occasions. Ferguson had now won 11 league titles at Manchester United, and the 2008–09 season title success put them level with Liverpool as league champions on a record 18 occasions in total. They also won the League Cup on penalties after a goalless Wembley draw with Tottenham. They contested the 2009 Champions League final against Barcelona on 27 May 2009 but lost 2–0. In 2009–10, Ferguson added another League Cup to his",
"title": "Alex Ferguson"
},
{
"id": "15456173",
"text": "clean sheets. Swansea City won the Premier League Fair Play Award after finishing the 2011–12 Premier League top of the Fair Play Table. The award for best behaved fans went to Norwich. 2011–12 Premier League The 2011–12 Premier League (known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 20th season of the Premier League since its establishment in 1992. The season began on 13 August 2011 and ended on 13 May 2012 with Manchester City sealing their first league title since 1968 with victory over Queens Park Rangers on the final day. The title was City's first Premier",
"title": "2011–12 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "8441494",
"text": "two further occasions with Arsenal. José Mourinho is the only manager other Ferguson and Wenger to have won the award on more than on one occasion, and the only manager other than Ferguson to win the award in consecutive seasons. Four managers have won the award without winning the Premier League trophy in the same season, reflecting the weight of their achievements: George Burley in 2000–01, having guided Ipswich Town to fifth place in the league, after only securing the club's promotion from the First Division the previous season; Harry Redknapp in 2009–10, for steering Tottenham Hotspur to a top-four",
"title": "Premier League Manager of the Season"
},
{
"id": "1769036",
"text": "up a remarkable 87% of the votes. The Premier League Fair Play Award merit is given to the team who has been the most sporting and best behaved team. Champions Arsenal won this. Given to the best-behaved fans, Arsenal won this, thus achieving a fair play double. Arsène Wenger won the Premier League Manager of the Year award. His team won 26 games, losing 0 and drawing 12 scoring 73 goals, conceding 26. 2003–04 FA Premier League The 2003–04 FA Premier League (known as the FA Barclaycard Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the 12th season of the Premier League. Arsenal",
"title": "2003–04 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "8441493",
"text": "2004 known as the Barclays Manager of the Season. In 1994, the inaugural Manager of the Season award was given to Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson for retaining the league championship. The current holder of the award is Manchester City manager Pep Guardiola. The most number of awards won by a single manager is eleven, achieved by Alex Ferguson between 1994 and his retirement in 2013. He accounted for more than half of the awards in that period of time. In 1998 Arsène Wenger became the first non-British manager to win the award, and has so far received it on",
"title": "Premier League Manager of the Season"
},
{
"id": "18487232",
"text": "2015–16 Premier League The 2015–16 Premier League (known as the Barclays Premier League for sponsorship reasons) was the 24th season of the Premier League, the top English professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1992. The season began on 8 August 2015, and was scheduled to conclude on 15 May 2016. However, the Manchester United vs Bournemouth fixture was postponed to 17 May 2016 on the final day due to a suspicious package inside Old Trafford. Chelsea began the season as defending champions of the 2014–15 season. Bournemouth, Watford and Norwich City entered as the three promoted",
"title": "2015–16 Premier League"
},
{
"id": "3071890",
"text": "sporting and best behaved team. Arsenal won the award for the second year in a row, ahead of Tottenham. The least sporting side for 2004–05 was Blackburn Rovers, who achieved a significantly lower fair play score than any other side. 2004–05 FA Premier League The 2004–05 FA Premier League (known as the FA Barclays Premiership for sponsorship reasons) began on 14 August 2004 and ended on 15 May 2005. Arsenal were the defending champions after going unbeaten the previous season. Chelsea won the title with a then record 95 points, which was surpassed by Manchester City in the 2017–18 season,",
"title": "2004–05 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "9055188",
"text": "won the First Division for the first time in 1930–31; Arsenal performed strongly in a free-scoring title race with Aston Villa, recording several heavy wins (including 7–1 against Blackpool, 7–2 v Leicester City, and 9–1 v Grimsby Town, which remains a club record for the top flight). Arsenal won the title with two games to spare, and finished the season having scored 127 league goals (another club record), though Aston Villa managed to score 128, which is still a record for the most goals in an English top flight season. The following season, 1931–32, Arsenal reached the FA Cup final",
"title": "History of Arsenal F.C. (1886–1966)"
},
{
"id": "20161203",
"text": "swing, just a draw regardless of Chelsea's final day result to clinch fourth place. Liverpool's final Premier League match of the season took place at Anfield against Brighton & Hove Albion on 13 May. The Reds wasted little time in finding the breakthrough as Salah scored in the 26th minute and sealed the record for most goals in a 38-game Premier League season, with 32. Just five minutes before halftime, Lovren doubled the Reds lead with a massive header. Liverpool continued forward as Solanke and Andy Robertson scored their first Liverpool goals in the 53rd and 85th minutes as Liverpool",
"title": "2017–18 Liverpool F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "1769025",
"text": "2003–04 FA Premier League The 2003–04 FA Premier League (known as the FA Barclaycard Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the 12th season of the Premier League. Arsenal were the champions and Chelsea, who had spent heavily throughout the season, were the runners up. Arsenal ended the season without a single defeat – the first team ever to do so in a 38-game league season and the second team overall (the first was Preston North End in 1889, 115 years earlier, during a 22-game league season). Having qualified for the Champions' League the previous season, Chelsea were bolstered by a £100",
"title": "2003–04 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "11927960",
"text": "played for Manchester City in each of his four winning seasons and they are the club that has received the award the most. Čech and Hart's four awards mean Czech and English goalkeepers have won the Golden Glove the most, ahead of Spain with three. Both Pepe Reina and Hart have won the award in three consecutive seasons, which is a record. Čech set the record for matches without conceding a goal in a single season – with 24 – to win the inaugural award in 2005. During the 2008–09 season, Edwin van der Sar surpassed Čech's previous record of",
"title": "Premier League Golden Glove"
},
{
"id": "15801368",
"text": "Month and Player of the Season awards were only first bestowed during the 1994–95 season. The first Player of the Season award was given to Blackburn Rovers striker Alan Shearer, who won the Premier League title with his team and the Golden Boot that season. Thierry Henry, Cristiano Ronaldo and Nemanja Vidić have been Player of the Season on two occasions each and are the only players to have won the award more than once, with Ronaldo having achieved this in consecutive years (2007 and 2008). Eight players were the Premier League's leading goalscorer and won the Golden Boot alongside",
"title": "Premier League Player of the Season"
},
{
"id": "4258747",
"text": "last game of the season, were Sunderland, who were leaving Roker Park after 99 years and relocating to the 42,000-seat Stadium of Light on the banks of the River Wear for the start of the 1997–98 season in Division One. 1996–97 FA Premier League The 1996–97 FA Premier League (known as the FA Carling Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the fifth season of the competition, since its formation in 1992. The majority of the season was contested by the reigning champions, Manchester United, along with Newcastle United, Arsenal and Liverpool. The title was eventually won by Manchester United, after Liverpool",
"title": "1996–97 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "11927958",
"text": "Premier League Golden Glove The Premier League Golden Glove is an annual association football award presented to the goalkeeper who has kept the most clean sheets (when a goalkeeper concedes no goals during a single match) in the Premier League. For sponsorship purposes, it has been referred to as the Barclays Golden Glove since its inception during the 2004–05 season until the 2015–16 season. Since 2017–18 season, it is known as the Cadbury Golden Glove. Originally, the Golden Glove could only be won outright by a single player; should there have been a tie, the goalkeeper with the superior clean",
"title": "Premier League Golden Glove"
},
{
"id": "8039863",
"text": "came to an end in the following match, on 4 January 2017, in a 2–0 away loss to Tottenham Hotspur. On 13 January 2017, Conte became the first manager in history to win three consecutive Premier League Manager of the Month awards (October, November and December). On 12 May 2017, Conte's Chelsea side defeated West Bromwich Albion 1–0 away, with a late goal from substitute Michy Batshuayi, and secured the points required to win the 2016–17 Premier League title with two matches to spare. Following a 5–1 home win over Sunderland on 21 May, Chelsea also set a new Premier",
"title": "Antonio Conte"
},
{
"id": "7572985",
"text": "in English football. The club equaled Loughborough's all-time league record of just one win in an entire league season. They also equaled or set several Premier League records (1992–present), including fewest home wins in a season (1, joint with Sunderland), fewest away wins in a season (0, joint with five other clubs), and most defeats in a season (29). Records set included fewest points in a season (three points for a win) with 11; fewest goals scored (20), and worst goal difference (−69). The club also holds the joint record (with Macclesfield Town) for most consecutive league games without a",
"title": "Derby County F.C."
},
{
"id": "10520338",
"text": "2004–05 Chelsea F.C. season The 2004–05 season was Chelsea F.C.'s 91st competitive season, 13th consecutive season in the Premier League and 99th year as a club. Managed by José Mourinho during his first season at the club, Chelsea won the Premier League title (their first league title in 50 years) and the League Cup. The season was historic for the vast number of records set during the season. The list of achievements include; most away wins in a season (15), most clean sheets kept in a season (25), fewest goals conceded away in a season (9), most wins in a",
"title": "2004–05 Chelsea F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "16446666",
"text": "created a second Fantasy XI Team to compare to the public vote. In addition, a four fact-based awards were also given for Most Appearances, Top Goalscorer, Most Clean Sheets and Premier League 500 Club players. Barclays, the Premier League title sponsor also gave awards, for Best Photographer and Best Shot. Manchester United's Sir Alex Ferguson won the title of Best Manager. Along with him, four other managers were short-listed for the panel of judges vote for Best Manager: Manchester United's Ryan Giggs was voted as the Best Player. Giggs had played and scored in every Premier League season since its",
"title": "Premier League 20 Seasons Awards"
},
{
"id": "6836014",
"text": "almost single-handedly saved Coventry City from relegation. 19-year-old striker Emile Heskey was recognised as one of the Premiership's hottest young talents after helping Leicester City win the League Cup and finish in the top half of the league. For the fourth time in five seasons, Manchester United won the Premier League title, fighting off competition from Newcastle United, Arsenal and Liverpool, their nearest contenders who finished bracketed together seven points behind them. Aston Villa completed the top five. Other success stories of the Premier League season included Chelsea, who won the FA Cup to end their 26-year wait for a",
"title": "1996–97 in English football"
},
{
"id": "9387123",
"text": "appeared in the final five times, losing in 1996 and winning in 1989, 1997, 2004 and 2013, the most wins by any club. The team finishing highest in the league (third) has succeeded in winning promotion eleven times out of thirty seasons, up to 2017, with 4th managing six promotions, 5th eight and 6th five. The play-off winners have managed to finish above the Championship winners and runners-up in the subsequent Premier League season on seven occasions: Blackburn Rovers in 1992–93, Leicester City in 1996–97, Ipswich Town in 2000–01, West Ham United in 2005–06 and 2012–13, Swansea City in 2011–12,",
"title": "EFL Championship play-offs"
},
{
"id": "4258393",
"text": "1993–94 FA Premier League The 1993–94 FA Premier League (known as the FA Carling Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the second season of the Premier League, the top division of professional football in England. Manchester United won the league by eight points over nearest challengers Blackburn Rovers, their second consecutive league title. Swindon Town finished bottom of the league in their first season of top-flight football and were relegated along with Sheffield United and Oldham Athletic. From the start of the 1993–94 season, the FA Premier League was sponsored by Carling Breweries. Just before the start of the season, Roy",
"title": "1993–94 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "7737897",
"text": "2006–07 FA Premier League The 2006–07 FA Premier League (known as the FA Barclays Premiership for sponsorship reasons) was the 15th season of the FA Premier League since its establishment in 1992. The season started on 19 August 2006 and concluded on 13 May 2007. Manchester United ended the season as Premiership champions for the ninth time in fifteen years, after Chelsea failed to win against Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium on 6 May 2007. This left them seven points behind United, with two games to go, confirming the Manchester club as champions once more. The three relegation spots were",
"title": "2006–07 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "16446662",
"text": "the 2011–12 season, which ended on 13 May 2012. Voting ended on 30 April 2012. Awards included best manager, best player and best goal. Football is the most watched sport in England, and the Premier League along with the FA Cup are the two most prestigious English club football competitions. In 1991, league football in England underwent a major change, when the 22 teams in the First Division, the then top division of The Football League system, resigned en-masse to form the Premier League. Constituted as the Football Association Premier League Ltd, it remained as an official Football Association (The",
"title": "Premier League 20 Seasons Awards"
},
{
"id": "142676",
"text": "old First and Second Divisions with three teams relegated from the league and three promoted. The league held its first season in 1992–93. It was composed of 22 clubs for that season. The first Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry City, Crystal Palace, Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and",
"title": "Premier League"
},
{
"id": "2590494",
"text": "a record sale of £25 million, with add-ons reportedly leading to £28 million. This deal eclipsed the record fee received from Liverpool for Joe Allen at £15 million. Swansea City finished eighth in the Premier League at the end of the 2014–15 season with 56 points, their highest position and points haul for a Premier League season, and second highest finish in the top flight of all time. During the season, they produced league doubles over Arsenal and Manchester United, becoming only the third team in Premier League history to achieve that feat. On 9 December 2015, Swansea City announced",
"title": "Swansea City A.F.C."
},
{
"id": "1721193",
"text": "In terms of goal-scoring awards, Henry was the European Golden Boot winner in 2004 and 2005 (sharing it with Villarreal's Diego Forlán in 2005). Henry was also the top goalscorer in the Premier League for a record four seasons (2002, 2004, 2005, 2006). In 2006, he became the first player to score more than 20 goals in the league for five consecutive seasons (2002 to 2006). With 175, Henry is currently fifth in the list of all-time Premier League goalscorers, behind Alan Shearer, Andy Cole, Wayne Rooney and Frank Lampard. All of his Premier League goals were for Arsenal, giving",
"title": "Thierry Henry"
},
{
"id": "13070976",
"text": "after he scored 22 goals for Bush Bucks in the inaugural Premier Division season. He is one of only four players to have scored 20 or more goals in a season alongside Pollen Ndlanya, Collins Mbesuma and Siyabonga Nomvethe. Mbesuma holds the record for the most goals scored in a single season following his return of 25 goals for Kaizer Chiefs in the 2004–05 season. He is also the only player to have won the award more than once, having claimed the trophy for a second time during his spell with Mpumalanga Black Aces in 2016. Bernard Parker holds the",
"title": "Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot"
},
{
"id": "9522685",
"text": "in English football - Manchester City's £32.4million move for the Brazilian winger Robinho and Manchester United's £30.75million capture of Bulgarian striker Dimitar Berbatov from Tottenham Hotspur. The season had a familiar ending, as Manchester United sealed their third successive Premier League title by a four-point margin over a Liverpool side who came their closest yet to achieving the league title which has eluded them since 1990; ironically United's latest title win saw them match Liverpool's record of 18 English top division titles. Chelsea finished outside the top two for the first time since 2003 as they finished third but still",
"title": "History of football in England"
},
{
"id": "11217692",
"text": "its existence as the top division in the country. Everton come closest, missing just four seasons through relegation, and remain one of only three clubs in England to have played over 100 top-flight seasons, along with Aston Villa and Arsenal. The League was suspended for four seasons during the First World War and resumed in 1919 with the First and Second Divisions expanded to 22 clubs. On resumption West Bromwich Albion (1919–20) and Burnley (1920–21), both original 12 clubs, won their first-ever titles (in Albion's case their only title to date). In 1920, leading clubs from the Southern League joined",
"title": "English Football League"
},
{
"id": "9088421",
"text": "28 goals in a Premier League season in a 4–0 home win against Tottenham which took Liverpool top of the league with six matches remaining. On 20 April, he scored in a 3–2 win at Norwich to become the first Liverpool player to score 30 league goals in a season since Ian Rush in 1986–87. This also made him the seventh player to score 30 goals in a Premier League season, following Andy Cole, Alan Shearer, Kevin Phillips, Thierry Henry, Cristiano Ronaldo and Robin van Persie. On 18 April, Suárez was named as one of the six players nominated for",
"title": "Luis Suárez"
},
{
"id": "13070977",
"text": "record for the fewest goals needed to win the award, with his return of 10 goals for Kaizer Chiefs in the 2013–14 season earning him the accolade. The award has only been shared once in the Premier Division's history, an occurrence which took place after the 2017–18 season after Rodney Ramagalela of Polokwane City and Percy Tau of Mamelodi Sundowns both ended the campaign on 11 goals. Players from Moroka Swallows and Kaizer Chiefs have won the award the most times, with each club having four unique winners. The award has been won on fourteen occasions by South African nationals,",
"title": "Lesley Manyathela Golden Boot"
},
{
"id": "12375344",
"text": "Barclays Premier League is the most-watched football league in the world. Its biggest clubs include Manchester United, Liverpool, Arsenal, Chelsea, Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City. In 2016, Leicester City, who were 5,000-1 outsiders at the start of the season, became champions. By some measures it was the greatest sporting upset ever: multiple bookmakers had never paid out at such long odds for any sport. As is the case throughout the UK, football in England is renowned for the intense rivalries between clubs and the passion of the supporters, which includes a tradition of football chants, such as, \"You're Not Singing",
"title": "Culture of England"
},
{
"id": "9991555",
"text": "Sierra Leone National Premier League Sierra Leone National Premier League is the top professional football league in Sierra Leone. It was founded in 1967. The league is sponsored by the Sierra Leone Commercial Bank, one of the major Sierra Leonean banks. East End Lions and Mighty Blackpool are the two biggest and most successful clubs. The National Premier League is controlled by the Sierra Leone Football Association. The season runs from March to July. The current champions of the premier league are the Diamond Stars of Kono, who became the first club outside Freetown to ever win the Premier League,",
"title": "Sierra Leone National Premier League"
},
{
"id": "5272203",
"text": "2005–06 FA Premier League The 2005–06 FA Premier League (known as the FA Barclays Premiership for sponsorship reasons) began on 13 August 2005, and concluded on 7 May 2006. The season saw Chelsea retain their title after defeating Manchester United 3–0 at Stamford Bridge towards the end of April. On the same day, West Bromwich Albion and Birmingham City were relegated, joining Sunderland in the Championship for the following season. For the second time in two seasons, José Mourinho's Chelsea triumphed in the Premier League, with a home win over closest rivals Manchester United confirming them as champions after a",
"title": "2005–06 FA Premier League"
},
{
"id": "20161208",
"text": "2017–18 Manchester City F.C. season The 2017–18 season was Manchester City's 116th season of competitive football, 89th season in the top division of English football and 21st season in the Premier League since the league was first created. In addition to the Premier League, the club also competed in the FA Cup, EFL Cup and UEFA Champions League. City won their third Premier League title on 15 April 2018 following West Bromwich Albion's 1–0 win away to second place Manchester United, and the EFL Cup with a 3–0 win over Arsenal. The team set a number of Premier League records",
"title": "2017–18 Manchester City F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "20061489",
"text": "elite round group winner and the seven elite round group runners-up) placed in Pot 2 and drawn to positions 3 and 4 in the groups. Group 2 Group 2 Group 2 Group 5 For the knockout phase (round of 16 onwards), the 16 teams are drawn into a single-elimination tournament, with all ties played over one match. In what was largely a one-sided race for the title, Manchester City won the Premier League for the third time in six years, breaking records for the highest number of goals scored by one team in a league campaign and the most victories",
"title": "2017–18 in English football"
},
{
"id": "142665",
"text": "making it a cross-border league. The competition was formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League, founded in 1888, and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal. The deal was worth £1 billion a year domestically as of 2013–14, with BSkyB and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 116 and 38 games respectively. The league generates €2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights. In 2014–15, teams were apportioned revenues of £1.6 billion, rising sharply",
"title": "Premier League"
},
{
"id": "5387295",
"text": "in the 2007 Sports Journalists' Awards. Arsenal were unable to retain their European crown in 2007–08, after being knocked out by Olympique Lyonnais in the quarter-finals. The Premier League Cup final was lost to Everton. They ended the season on a high, winning the league for the fifth season in a row with 20 wins and two draws from their 22 games, and another FA Women's Cup, beating Leeds 4–1 in the final. Season 2008–09 saw the end of a record five year unbeaten run in the League; between 16 October 2003 (a defeat against Charlton Athletic) and 29 March",
"title": "Arsenal W.F.C."
},
{
"id": "96982",
"text": "was a full international – a new club record. Chelsea hold the English record for the fewest goals conceded during a league season (15), the highest number of clean sheets overall in a Premier League season (25) (both set during the 2004–05 season), and the most consecutive clean sheets from the start of a league season (6, set during the 2005–06 season). The club's 21–0 aggregate victory over Jeunesse Hautcharage in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1971 remains a record in European competition. Chelsea hold the record for the longest streak of unbeaten matches at home in the English",
"title": "Chelsea F.C."
},
{
"id": "12163391",
"text": "the month ended on a sour note with a 1–0 defeat at Everton – United's first since their 2–1 defeat at home to Nottingham Forest before Christmas. A landslide victory in that game would have put United top on goal difference. 4 March 1995 saw United set two notable new records in the Premier League. Their 9–0 home win over Ipswich Town was the biggest victory margin and saw them score the highest number of goals in any game in the league's three-season history. Andy Cole's five goals were the most scored by any player in a Premier League game.",
"title": "1994–95 Manchester United F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "14464309",
"text": "One by beating Southend United 3–1 at Adams Park. 8 May 2011: Manchester United beat Chelsea 2–1 at Old Trafford in the Premier League, meaning that they need just a point from their final two games to win a record 19th top division title. Arsenal's faint title hopes are ended with a 3–1 defeat at FA Cup finalists Stoke City. Wolverhampton Wanderers climb out of the relegation zone with a 3–1 home win over Black Country rivals West Bromwich Albion, whose survival (and highest league finish since 1985) has already been confirmed. 14 May 2011: Manchester City defeat Stoke City",
"title": "2010–11 in English football"
},
{
"id": "7158409",
"text": "1997–98 in English football The 1997–98 season was the 118th season of competitive football in England. Arsenal overhauled Manchester United's lead during the final weeks of the season to win the Premiership title. They added the FA Cup two weeks later to become only the second English club to repeat the double. All three newly promoted teams – Bolton Wanderers, Barnsley and Crystal Palace – were relegated after just one season in the Premiership. Everton endured their most difficult season for some 50 years. They finished 17th in the Premiership and only avoided relegation because they had a stronger goal",
"title": "1997–98 in English football"
},
{
"id": "3300669",
"text": "by eventual winners Liverpool. Under Mourinho, Chelsea secured their first top-flight domestic title in 50 years, setting a string of English football records in the process, including the most points ever achieved in the Premier League (95) and the fewest goals conceded (15). Chelsea started the next season well: they defeated Arsenal 2–1 to win the 2005 FA Community Shield, and topped the Premier League from the first weekend of the 2005–06 season. Chelsea beat rivals Manchester United 3–0 to win their second consecutive Premier League title and Mourinho's fourth domestic title in a row. After the presentation of his",
"title": "José Mourinho"
},
{
"id": "14060060",
"text": "from 1990, Ferguson guided United to their first League title in almost 30 years in 1993, becoming the inaugural Premier League Champions. In the first decade of the Premier League, Ferguson presided over 244 Premiership victories from 392 games, with the team setting records for winning and unbeaten streaks, and winning a total of 7 Premier League titles. After guiding United to Premier League and FA Cup Double in their 1993–4 season, Ferguson was made a CBE in the 1995 New Year Honours. After his unprecedented Treble of their 1998–9 season, winning the Premier League, FA Cup and Champions League,",
"title": "Premier League 10 Seasons Awards"
}
] | highest number of wins in a premier league season |
|
| [
{
"id": "2194420",
"text": "a time after it had been banned in lands under British control. Baroda and other princely states of Kathiawar Agency banned the practice in 1840, whereas Kolhapur followed them in 1841, the princely state of Indore some time before 1843. According to a speaker at the East India House in 1842, the princely states of Satara, Kingdom of Nagpur and Mysore had by then banned \"sati\". Jaipur banned the practice in 1846, while Hyderabad, Gwalior and Jammu and Kashmir did the same in 1847. Awadh and Bhopal were actively suppressing \"sati\" by 1849. Cutch outlawed it in 1852 with Jodhpur",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194413",
"text": "Presidency started systematically to collect figures on the practice in 1815. The ban on \"Sati\", effected by Lord William Bentinck in 1829, was largely due to the efforts of both Christian and Hindu reformers such as William Carey and Ram Mohan Roy. In 1799 Carey, a Baptist missionary from England, first witnessed the burning of a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre. Horrified by the practice, Carey and his coworkers Joshua Marshman and William Ward opposed \"sati\" from that point onward, lobbying for its abolishment. Known as the Serampore Trio, they published essays forcefully condemning the practice and presented an",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194410",
"text": "made by individual British officers in the 18th century, but without the backing of the British East India Company. The first formal British ban was imposed in 1798, in the city of Calcutta only. The practice continued in surrounding regions. In the beginning of the 19th century, the evangelical church in Britain, and its members in India, started campaigns against \"sati\". Leaders of these campaigns included William Carey and William Wilberforce. These movements put pressure on the company to ban the act. William Carey, and the other missionaries at Serampore conducted in 1803–04 a census on cases of \"sati\" for",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194371",
"text": "prestige value\", in Bengal, through only prohibiting involuntary immolations in 1813. Between 1815 and 1818, the number of \"sati\" in Bengal province doubled from 378 to 839. Under sustained campaigning against \"sati\" by Christian missionaries such as William Carey and Brahmin Hindu reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy, the provincial government banned \"sati\" in 1829. This was followed up by similar laws by the authorities in the princely states of India in the ensuing decades, with a general ban for the whole of India issued by Queen Victoria in 1861. In Nepal, \"sati\" was banned in 1920. The Indian Sati",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194421",
"text": "having banned \"sati\" about the same time. The 1846 abolition in Jaipur was regarded by many British as a catalyst for the abolition cause within the Rajputana; within 4 months after Jaipur's 1846 ban, 11 of the 18 independently governed states in Rajputana had followed Jaipur's example. One paper says that in the year 1846–1847 alone, 23 states in the whole of India (not just within Rajputana) had banned \"sati\". It was not before 1861 sati was legally banned in all princely states of India, Mewar resisting for a long time before that time. The last legal case within princely",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194419",
"text": "Privy Council in London. Along with British supporters, Ram Mohan Roy presented counter-petitions to parliament in support of ending Sati. The Privy Council rejected the petition in 1832, and the ban on \"Sati\" was upheld. After the ban, priests in Sindh region complained that the British colonial government was interfering with the rare local \"sati\" custom. Charles Napier clarified in 1843 that anyone involved in this custom would be executed and their property confiscated. According to an account of his administration, there were no more \"sati\" thereafter, in the region Napier administered. \"Sati\" remained legal in some princely states for",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194414",
"text": "address against Sati to then Governor General of India, Lord Wellesley. In 1812, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, founder of Brahmo Samaj, began to champion the cause of banning \"sati\" practice. He was motivated by the experience of seeing his own sister-in-law being forced to commit \"sati\". He visited Kolkata’s cremation grounds to persuade widows against immolation, formed watch groups to do the same, sought the support of other elite Bengali classes, and wrote and disseminated articles to show that it was not required by Hindu scripture. He was at loggerheads with Hindu groups which did not want the Government to",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194422",
"text": "states was from 1861 Udaipur the capital of Mewar, but as Anant S. Altekar shows, local opinion had then shifted strongly against the practice. All the widows of Maharanna Sarup Singh flatly refused to become \"sati\" when asked, and the one who was burnt with him was a slave girl. Later the same year, the general ban on \"sati\" was issued by a proclamation from Queen Victoria. Some princely states, such as the major Salute state of Travancore, were perceived not to ever have sanctioned \"sati\" within their domains. For example, the regent Gowri Parvati Bayi was asked by the",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "16586086",
"text": "committed sati. Sati was first banned under Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829. Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 is a law enacted by Government of Rajasthan in 1987. It became an Act of the Parliament of India with the enactment of The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 in 1988. The Act seeks to prevent Sati practice or the voluntary or forced burning or burying alive of widows, and to prohibit glorification of this action through the observance of any ceremony, the participation in any procession, the creation of a financial trust, the construction of a temple, or any",
"title": "Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987"
},
{
"id": "2194425",
"text": "for Women (NCW) has suggested amendments to the law to remove some of these flaws. Prohibitions of certain practices, such as worship at ancient shrines, is a matter of controversy. There have been 30 cases of \"sati\" or attempted \"sati\" over a 44-year period (1943–1987) in India, the official number being 28. A well-documented case from 1987 was that of 18-year-old Roop Kanwar. In response to this incident, additional legislation against \"sati\" practice was passed, first within the state of Rajasthan, then nationwide by the central government of India. In 2002, a 65-year-old woman by the name of Kuttu died",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194423",
"text": "British Resident if he should permit a \"sati\" to take place in 1818, but the regent urged him not to do so, since the custom of \"sati\" had never been acceptable in her domains. In another state, Sawunt Waree (Sawantvadi), the king Khemsawant III (r. 1755–1803) is credited for having issued a positive \"prohibition\" of sati over a period of ten or twelve years. That prohibition from the 18th century may have lapsed, since in 1843, the government in Sawunt Waree issued a new prohibition of \"sati\". Following the outcry after the \"sati\" of Roop Kanwar, the Indian Government enacted",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "17549437",
"text": "\"Commission (Prevention) of Sati Act 1987\", Sati is defined as the act of burning alive or burial of a widow (or any women) along with the body of her deceased husband (including relatives, or object belonging someone like that), irrespective of whether it was voluntary. After he watched the Sati of his own sister-in-law, Ram Mohan Roy began campaigning for abolition of the practice in 1811. The practice of Sati was abolished in British India in 1829 by Governor General Lord William Bentinck. On 4 September 1987, 17 (or 18) year old Roop Kanwar of Deorala village in Sikar district",
"title": "Superstition in India"
},
{
"id": "17577049",
"text": "of sati. This led to discussions in both houses of the Indian Parliament over promotion of the practice of sati, and Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi halted construction of the new temple, calling \"satipuja\" (worship of \"sati\"s) a \"barbaric medieval, and illegal\" practice. In 1996, many of Rani Sati devotees celebrated the 400th anniversary of her supposed birthday on 4 December, including at a large public yagna near the temple at Jhunjhunu (the date was possibly picked in tacit protest of the formal banning of sati in Bengal Presidency by Lord Lord William Bentinck on 4 December 1829.) On",
"title": "Rani Sati"
},
{
"id": "16586085",
"text": "Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 is a law enacted by Government of Rajasthan in 1987. It became an Act of the Parliament of India with the enactment of The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 in 1988. The Act seeks to prevent Sati practice or the voluntary or forced burning or burying alive of widows, and to prohibit glorification of this action through the observance of any ceremony, the participation in any procession, the creation of a financial trust, the construction of a temple, or any actions to commemorate or honor the memory of a widow who",
"title": "Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987"
},
{
"id": "2194473",
"text": "argues that this rule prohibits violence against another person, but does not prohibit killing oneself if one wants to. Thus sati is a woman's choice and it is not prohibited by Vedic tradition, argues Apararka. Reform and bhakti movements within Hinduism favoured egalitarian societies, and in line with the tenor of these beliefs, generally condemned the practice, sometimes explicitly. The 12th-century Virashaiva movement condemned the practice. Later, Sahajananda Swami, the founder of Vaishnavite Swaminarayana sampradaya preached against sati in the 18th century in western India. In a petition to the British East India Company in 1818, Ram Mohan Roy wrote",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "4606825",
"text": "pioneering the education and training of girls in south India. This practice was initially met with local resistance, as it flew in the face of tradition. Raja Rammohan Roy's efforts led to the abolition of Sati under Governor-General William Cavendish-Bentinck in 1829. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's crusade for improvement in the situation of widows led to the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856. Many women reformers such as Pandita Ramabai also helped the cause of women. Kittur Chennamma, queen of the princely state Kittur in Karnataka, led an armed rebellion against the British in response to the Doctrine of lapse. Abbakka Rani,",
"title": "Women in India"
},
{
"id": "2194370",
"text": "CE. The practice was particularly prevalent among some Hindu communities, observed in aristocratic Hindu families, and has been attested to outside the Indian subcontinent in a number of localities in Southeast Asia, such as in Indonesia and Vietnam. The practice was never widespread throughout India, nor did it have scriptural sanction. The British East India Company initially tolerated the practice, with William Carey noting 438 incidences within a 30-mile (48-km) radius of Calcutta, in 1803, despite its ban within Calcutta itself. Historian A.F. Salahuddin Ahmed states Company employees \"not only seemed to accord an official sanction, but also increased its",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "561183",
"text": "Ram Mohan Roy Raja Ram Mohan Roy (22 May 1774 – 27 September 1833) was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha, the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement in the Indian subcontinent. He was given the title of Raja by Akbar II, the Mughal emperor. His influence was apparent in the fields of politics, public administration, education and religion. He was known for his efforts to abolish the practices of sati and child marriage. Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered by many historians as the \"Father of the Indian Renaissance.\" In 2004, Roy was ranked",
"title": "Ram Mohan Roy"
},
{
"id": "2194416",
"text": "Vedic standing and only God could take a life he had given. He also opined that widows could lead lives that would eventually lead to salvation. Sir John Malcolm, the Governor of Bombay supported Sahajanand Swami in this endeavor. In 1828 Lord William Bentinck came to power as Governor of India. When he landed in Calcutta, he said that he felt \"“the dreadful responsibility hanging over his head in this world and the next, if… he was to consent to the continuance of this practice (sati) one moment longer.”\" Bentinck decided to put an immediate end to \"Sati\". Ram Mohan",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194424",
"text": "the Rajasthan Sati Prevention Ordinance, 1987 on 1 October 1987 and later passed the Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987. The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 Part I, Section 2(c) defines \"sati\" as: The burning or burying alive of – The \"Prevention of Sati Act\" makes it illegal to support, glorify or attempt to commit sati. Support of sati, including coercing or forcing someone to commit sati, can be punished by death sentence or life imprisonment, while glorifying sati is punishable with one to seven years in prison. Enforcement of these measures is not always consistent. The National Council",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194444",
"text": "minister) Purnaiah is said to have allowed it for a Brahmin widow in 1805, whereas an 1827 eye-witness to the burning of a widow in Bangalore in 1827 says it was rather uncommon there. In the Upper Gangetic plain, while it occurred, there is no indication that it was especially widespread. The earliest known attempt by a government to stop the practice took place here, that of Muhammad Tughlaq, in the Sultanate of Delhi in the 14th century. In the Lower Gangetic plain, the practice may have reached a high level fairly late in history. According to available evidence and",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "15884876",
"text": "Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829 The Bengal Sati Regulation, or Regulation XVII, in British India under East India Company rule, by the then Governor-General Lord William Bentinck, which made the practice of sati or suttee—or the immolation of a Hindu widow on the funeral pyre of her deceased husband—illegal in all jurisdictions of British India and subject to prosecution. Sati Regulation XVII A. D. 1829 of the Bengal Code 4 December 1829 LORD WILLIAM CAVENDISH BENTINCK A regulation for declaring the practice of sati, or of burning or burying alive the widows of Hindus, illegal, and punishable by the criminal courts,",
"title": "Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829"
},
{
"id": "1872431",
"text": "widow to immolate herself on her late husband's funeral pyre. This custom, called sati, was outlawed in 1827 in British India and again in 1987 in independent India by the Sati Prevention Act, which made it illegal to support, glorify or attempt to commit sati. Support of sati, including coercing or forcing someone to commit sati, can be punished by death sentence or life imprisonment, while glorifying sati is punishable with one to seven years in prison. Even if they did not commit suicide, Hindu widows were traditionally prohibited from remarrying. The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act of 1856, enacted in",
"title": "Widow"
},
{
"id": "2194417",
"text": "Roy warned Bentinck against abruptly ending \"Sati\". However, after observing that the judges in the courts were unanimously in favor of it, Bentinck proceeded to lay the draft before his council. Charles Metcalfe, the Governor’s most prominent counselor expressed apprehension that the banning of \"Sati\" might be \"“used by the disaffected and designing”\" as \"“an engine to produce insurrection.”\" However these concerns didn’t deter him from upholding the Governor’s decision \"“in the suppression of the horrible custom by which so many lives are cruelly sacrificed.”\" Thus on Sunday morning of 4 December 1829 Lord Bentinck issued Regulation XVII declaring \"Sati\"",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "3012859",
"text": "February 1803. The marriage was childless. He died in Paris on 17 June 1839, aged 64. Mary died in May 1843. They are buried together in the Bentinck family vault in St Marylebone Parish Church, London. Lord William Bentinck Lieutenant-General Lord William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck (14 September 1774 – 17 June 1839), known as Lord William Bentinck, was a British soldier and statesman. He served as Governor-General of India from 1828 to 1835. He has been credited for significant social and educational reforms in India including abolishing Sati, suppression of female infanticide and human sacrifices , and ending lawlessness by eliminating",
"title": "Lord William Bentinck"
},
{
"id": "2194432",
"text": "Indian sati involving a burial. Solvyns states that the custom included the woman shaving her head, music and the event was guarded by East India Trading company officials. He expresses admiration for the Hindu woman, but also calls the custom barbaric. The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 Part I, Section 2(c) includes within its definition of \"sati\" not just the act of burning a widow alive, but also that of burying her alive. \"Sati\" is often described as voluntary, although in some cases it may have been forced. In one narrative account in 1785, the widow appears to have",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "3012855",
"text": "education and opening of this college is seen as Introduction of Western Science into India.It was the first western medical college in Asia and it was open to all without distinction of caste or creed. James Ranald Martin compares the creation of this college to Bentinck's other acclaimed act of abolishing Sati Bentinck tried to suppress \"sati\", the prescribed death of a widow on her husband's funeral pyre, and passed the Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829. He also targeted other customs that offended Western sensibilities, often with the help of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, who was not only a social reformer",
"title": "Lord William Bentinck"
},
{
"id": "561205",
"text": "a Grade II* historic site by English Heritage and attract many admiring visitors today. Ram Mohan Roy Raja Ram Mohan Roy (22 May 1774 – 27 September 1833) was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha, the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement in the Indian subcontinent. He was given the title of Raja by Akbar II, the Mughal emperor. His influence was apparent in the fields of politics, public administration, education and religion. He was known for his efforts to abolish the practices of sati and child marriage. Raja Ram Mohan Roy is considered by",
"title": "Ram Mohan Roy"
},
{
"id": "2194418",
"text": "to be illegal and punishable in criminal courts. It was presented to William Carey for translation. His response is recorded as follows: \"“Springing to his feet and throwing off his black coat he cried, 'No church for me to-day... If I delay an hour to translate and publish this, many a widow’s life may be sacrificed,' he said. By evening the task was finished.”\" On 2 February 1830 this law was extended to Madras and Bombay. The ban was challenged by a petition signed by “several thousand… Hindoo inhabitants of Bihar, Bengal, Orissa etc” and the matter went to the",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "17549438",
"text": "in Rajasthan, who had been married for only 7 months, burned to death on her husband's pyre. It was alleged that the victim had tried to escape, but she was drugged and forced on to the pyre. On 1 October 1987, Rajasthan legislative assembly passed an ordinance against Sati, which was later turned into an Act. It was followed by pro-Sati rallies and protests in Jaipur. On 3 January 1988, the Indian parliament passed a new law, \"Commission (Prevention) of Sati Act 1987\", based on Rajasthan's legislation of 1987. This act also criminalised glorification of Sati. Police charged her father-in-law",
"title": "Superstition in India"
},
{
"id": "2194383",
"text": "respectively). According to the historian K.M. de Silva, Christian missionaries in Sri Lanka with a substantial Hindu minority population, reported \"there were no glaring social evils associated with the indigenous religions-no \"sati\", (...). There was thus less scope for the social reformer.\" However, although \"sati\" was non-existent in the colonial era, earlier Muslim travellers such as Sulaiman al-Tajir reported that \"sati\" was optionally practiced, which a widow could choose to undertake. In 1968, Eberhard stated that the practice of widow burning was observed inside China, but was rare and influenced by India. Chinese sociology studies that followed suggest that the",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "17836113",
"text": "her deceased husband's funeral pyre or burning her alive in his grave. According to Hindu Scriptures, the custom of Sati was a voluntary practice in which a woman voluntarily decides to end her life with her husband after his death. But later the practice was abused and women were forced to commit Sati or were even dragged against their wish and put into the burning pyres. Historical accounts show that several Royal and common women were burnt alive through this savage practice. In BS 1977 Ashad 25 (1920 AD), Chandra Shumsher J.B.R. officially abolished the Sati system from Nepal. Kanchi",
"title": "Jhola"
},
{
"id": "10101946",
"text": "over all India like a spark thrown into a barrel of gunpowder, has long since fallen to the ground for want of support; chiefly we understand because it offended the native community by opposing some of three customs, and particularly the burning of Hindoo widows, etc.\" Governor-General Bentinck, largely (though not exclusively) instigated by Ram Mohan Roy, responded to the growing public outcry by outlawing Sati in 1829. Reportedly Mr Roy opposed Sati practice (burning of widow with the dead husband's corpse)but two things, in this context, he did, which make his movement just an eyewash and untrustworthy. 1. He",
"title": "Sambad Kaumudi"
},
{
"id": "2194405",
"text": "on \"sati\" was issued by Akbar, and other than a claim of ban by Monserrate upon his insistence, no other primary sources mention an actual ban. Instances of \"sati\" continued during and after the era of Akbar. For example, according to a poem, \"Sūz u gudāz\" (\"Burning and melting\") by Muhammad Riza Nau'i of Khasbushan (d. 1610), Akbar attempted to prevent a \"sati\" by calling a widow before him and offering her wealth and protection. The poet reports hearing the story from Prince Dāniyāl, Akbar's third son. According to Arvind Sharma, a professor of Comparative Religion specializing on Hinduism, the",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194445",
"text": "the existing reports of the occurrences of it, the greatest incidence of \"sati\" in any region and period, in total numbers, occurred in Bengal and Bihar in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The earliest stone inscription in the Indian subcontinent relating to \"sati\" has been found in Nepal, dated to be from the 5th century, wherein the king successfully persuades his mother to not commit sati when his father died. This inscription suggests that sati practice was known but not compelled. Nepal formally banned sati in 1920. On the Indonesian island of Bali, \"sati\" (known as \"masatya\") was",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "3012833",
"text": "Lord William Bentinck Lieutenant-General Lord William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck (14 September 1774 – 17 June 1839), known as Lord William Bentinck, was a British soldier and statesman. He served as Governor-General of India from 1828 to 1835. He has been credited for significant social and educational reforms in India including abolishing Sati, suppression of female infanticide and human sacrifices , and ending lawlessness by eliminating Thuggee along with his chief captain, William Henry Sleeman, which had existed over 450 years. He along with Thomas Babington Macaulay introduced English as the language of instruction in India. Bentinck was born in Buckinghamshire, the",
"title": "Lord William Bentinck"
},
{
"id": "1977391",
"text": "the British Raj, under the East India Company (1757-1858), they tried to reform local social and religious customs. Lord William Bentinck, the Governor-General of India, tried to suppress \"sati\", the prescribed death of a widow on her husband's funeral pyre, and passed the Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829. This was later extended outside Bengal to all English territories in India. The Lex Loci Report of October 1840 emphasised the importance and necessity of uniformity in codification of Indian law, relating to crimes, evidences and contract but it recommended that personal laws of Hindus and Muslims should be kept outside such codification.",
"title": "Uniform civil code"
},
{
"id": "12423823",
"text": "two sets of laws operated in the areas; one which applied to and in relation to British citizens and the second which applied to the local inhabitants and aliens. This was considered as a major stumbling block for proper administration by the British Government during the times which is now known as the British Raj. In order to improve the law and order situation and also to ensure uniformity of legal administration, various options were looked for. Until then the British Government had been passing various enactments to deal with particular situations, such as the Prohibition of Sati in (1829)",
"title": "Law Commission of India"
},
{
"id": "4762311",
"text": "wife he was attacked jointly by Meenas, who were defeated earlier, and Nagavanshi chieftains. Tejaji and his wife fought bravely with sword. Tejajj was killed in the war. Pemal became sati (abandoned custom and no more practiced in India) at the place called Sursura, where Tejaji died. Tejaji's sister Rajal had also become sati, which is a unique example of sister becoming sati in the Indian history. India Postal Department released a special on commemorative stamp on Folk deity Veer Tejaji Maharaj at Kharnal village in Nagaur district of Rajasthan on Tejadasani: Thursday, September 7, 2011. Union Minister Sachin Pilot",
"title": "Veer Teja"
},
{
"id": "19881321",
"text": "been the \"amicus curiae\" in the Sohrabuddin Sheikh case, which had implicated BJP leaders including Modi's aide Amit Shah. The government also passed a bill increasing the control that it had over the appointment of judges, and reducing that of the judiciary. On 31 December 2014, Modi announced that the Planning Commission had been scrapped. It was replaced with a body called the National Institution for Transforming India, or NITI Aayog. The Planning Commission was a legacy of the Indian Independence movement, although critics said that it was slowing economic growth. The new body includes the leaders of all 29",
"title": "Premiership of Narendra Modi"
},
{
"id": "2194409",
"text": "the practice, with Ralph Fitch noting in 1591: François Bernier gave the following description: The Portuguese banned the practice in Goa after the conquest of Goa, however the practice continued in the region. The Dutch and the French banned it in Chinsurah and Pondichéry, their respective colonies. The Danes, who held the small territories of Tranquebar and Serampore, permitted it until the 19th century. The Danish strictly forbade, apparently early the custom of \"sati\" at \"Tranquebar\", a colony they held from 1620–1845 (whereas Serampore (Frederiksnagore) was Danish colony merely from 1755–1845). Attempts to limit or ban the practice had been",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "15566659",
"text": "were introduced which were not accepted by the Congress. At this time the Government also passed the Rowlatt Act in the pretext of eradicating terrorism. Most of the Indian leaders thought that these measures were against liberty and thus a betrayal. As a result, the Satygraha Movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi. At first, Paul did not agree with Gandhi's policy. In the tragedy of Chauri Chaura a number of police men were brutally beaten to death by a gang of people who claimed to be Gandhi's followers. This was followed by the Bombay riot. Gandhi suspended the whole Satyagraha",
"title": "K. T. Paul"
},
{
"id": "1919092",
"text": "representation in the central and provincial legislatures. The Muslim League favoured the award as it had the potential to weaken the caste Hindu leadership. However, Mahatma Gandhi, who was seen as a leading advocate for Dalit rights, went on a fast unto death to persuade the British to repeal the award. Ambedkar had to back down when it seemed Gandhi's life was threatened. Two years later, the Government of India Act 1935 introduced provincial autonomy, increasing the number of voters in India to 35 million. More significantly, law and order issues were for the first time devolved from British authority",
"title": "Partition of India"
},
{
"id": "218129",
"text": "judges in High Courts) men; and when the accused were European or American, at least half of the jurors had to be European or American men. The jury found no place in the 1950 Indian Constitution, and it was ignored in many Indian states. The Law Commission recommended its abolition in 1958 in its 14th Report. Jury trials were abolished in India in most courts except for Matrimonial Disputes of Parsis by a very discrete process during the 1960s, finishing with the 1973 Code of Criminal Procedure, which is still in force today. Parsis in India can legally use Jury",
"title": "Jury trial"
},
{
"id": "2194404",
"text": "understanding of origins and spread of sati were distorted in the colonial era because of a concerted effort to push \"problem Hindu\" theories in the 19th and early 20th centuries. According to Annemarie Schimmel, the Mughal Emperor Akbar was averse to the practice of Sati; however, he expressed his admiration for \"widows who wished to be cremated with their deceased husbands\". He was averse to abuse, and in 1582, Akbar issued an order to prevent any use of compulsion in \"sati\". According to M. Reza Pirbhai, a professor of South Asian and World history, it is unclear if a prohibition",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "7915859",
"text": "that Haj subsidy will be completely phased out in 2018 and funds will be utilised on educational programmes especially for girl children of the minority community. On 16 January 2018 Union minister for minority affairs said that the Hajj subsidy has been completely taken off (Rs 700crore) and this amount will be made used for educational purposes of the children belonging to minority. In May 2012, the Supreme Court of India bench, composed of Altamas Kabir and Ranjana Desai, ordered the government to end the practice by 2022. \"We direct the Central government to progressively reduce the amount of subsidy",
"title": "Haj subsidy"
},
{
"id": "2194372",
"text": "Prevention Act from 1988 further criminalised any type of aiding, abetting, and glorifying of \"sati\". \"Sati\" (Sanskrit: सती / \"\") is derived from the name of the goddess Sati, who self-immolated because she was unable to bear her father Daksha's humiliation of her and her husband Shiva. The term \"sati\" was originally interpreted as \"chaste woman\". \"Sati\" appears in Hindi and Sanskrit texts, where it is synonymous with \"good wife\"; the term \"suttee\" was commonly used by Anglo-Indian English writers. \"Sati\" designates therefore originally the woman, rather than the rite; the rite itself having technical names such as sahagamana (\"going",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "7852096",
"text": "(Khawaja Nazimuddin) and Governor-General, I decided to side with the Governor-General.\" On 21 September 1954, the Constituent Assembly amended the Government of India Act 1935. The amendments precluded the Governor-General from acting except on the advice of his ministers. In retaliation Ghulam Mohammad dissolved the Constituent Assembly itself, at a time when it had almost finalized the draft of the constitution, only because the members of the Assembly's sub-committee had decided to curtail his powers. And this he did with the active support of General Ayub Khan. His action was condoned by the federal judiciary in particular by Justice Munir",
"title": "Constitutional Coup"
},
{
"id": "5846729",
"text": "years since its enactment, the Indian Evidence Act has basically retained its original form except certain amendments from time to time. Amendments: The Criminal Law Amendment Act, 2005 When India gained independence on 15 August 1947, the Act continued to be in force throughout the Republic of India and Pakistan, except the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Then, the Act continues in force in India, but it was repealed in Pakistan in 1984 by the Evidence Order 1984 (also known as the \"Qanun-e-Shahadat\"). It also applies to all judicial proceedings in the court, including the court martial. However, it does",
"title": "Indian Evidence Act"
},
{
"id": "2194412",
"text": "missionaries, forced through a bill that made Christian missionary preaching in British India legal, to combat such perceived social evils as \"sati\". Elijah Hoole in his book \"Personal Narrative of a Mission to the South of India, from 1820 to 1828\" reports an instance of Sati at Bangalore, which he did not personally witness. Another missionary, Mr. England, reports witnessing Sati in the Bangalore Civil and Military Station on 9 June 1826. However, these practices were very rare after the Government of Madras cracked down on the practice from the early 1800s (p. 82). The British authorities within the Bengal",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "15884893",
"text": "honourable court than by every preceding government of India, although the state of the country was less favourable in former times than at present, for its full and complete execution. It would be too much to expect that the promulgation of the abolition will not excite some degree of clamour and dissatisfaction, but we are firmly persuaded that such feelings will be short-lived, and we trust that no apprehension need be entertained of its exciting any violent opposition or any evil consequences whatever. Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829 The Bengal Sati Regulation, or Regulation XVII, in British India under East India",
"title": "Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829"
},
{
"id": "14219451",
"text": "the proceedings in the High Court were stayed. Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh On account of the Babri Masjid demolition, communal riots spread out in the entire country. The Central Government banned RSS, VHP and Bajrang Dal. The Central Government dismissed the BJP Governments of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh. As a result, on 15 December 1992, the president issued the proclamation under Article 356 dismissing the State Governments and dissolving the Legislative Assemblies Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan. The validity of these proclamations was challenged by the Writs in the appropriate High Courts. The Madhya Pradesh",
"title": "S. R. Bommai v. Union of India"
},
{
"id": "20162586",
"text": "the RPA in 1975. [1997] On December 18, 1997 in Writ Petitions Nos. 340-343/93 Vineet Narain and other versus Union of India and others (aka Jain Havala Case), the Supreme Court issued directions to establish institutional and other arrangements aimed at insulating the CBI from outside influences. The judgement also declared the Single Directive null and void. The Single Directive was a set of executive instructions issued to the CBI by the Central Government prohibiting it from initiating inquiry/investigation against officers of the rank of joint secretary and above without obtaining prior permission of the government. [2013] NOTA was introduced",
"title": "Electoral reform in India"
},
{
"id": "9750419",
"text": "something to be appreciated, it was a problem that needed to be solved. This was the United States of \"separate but equal\". To put the period in historic context, House Concurrent Resolution 108 passed in 1953, McCarthyism was in full swing and the Communist Control Act of 1954 was designed to keep \"collectivism\" out of politics. Brown v. Board of Education was decided in 1954, and the US was a decade away from the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Anti-miscegenation laws were predominant (see Anti-miscegenation laws in the United States) and until the Perez v. Sharp decision",
"title": "Indian termination policy"
},
{
"id": "4688656",
"text": "were ruled by Congress. The practice was limited only after the Supreme Court established strict guidelines for imposing the President's Rule in its ruling on the \"S. R. Bommai v. Union of India\" case in 1994. This landmark judgement has helped curtail the widespread misuse of Article 356. The judgement established strict guidelines for imposing President's rule. Subsequent pronouncements by the Supreme Court in Jharkhand and other states have further limited the scope for misuse of Article 356. Only since the early 2000s has the number of cases of imposition of President's rule has been drastically reduced. Article 356 has",
"title": "President's rule"
},
{
"id": "204612",
"text": "others were deprived of their territories. Some portions of India were administered by the British directly; in others native dynasties were retained under British supervision. Until 1858, however, much of India was still officially the dominion of the Mughal emperor. Anger among some social groups, however, was seething under the governor-generalship of James Dalhousie (1847–1856), who annexed the Punjab (1849) after victory in the Second Sikh War, annexed seven princely states using the doctrine of lapse, annexed the key state of Oudh on the basis of misgovernment, and upset cultural sensibilities by banning Hindu practices such as sati. The 1857",
"title": "Western imperialism in Asia"
},
{
"id": "2194407",
"text": "of Jahangir suggest \"sati\" continued in his regime, was practiced by Hindus and Muslims, he was fascinated by the custom, and that those Kashmiri Muslim widows who practiced \"sati\" either immolated themselves or buried themselves alive with their dead husbands. Jahangir prohibited such sati and other customary practices in Kashmir. Aurangzeb issued another order in 1663, states Sheikh Muhammad Ikram, after returning from Kashmir, \"in all lands under Mughal control, never again should the officials allow a woman to be burnt\". The Aurangzeb order, states Ikram, though not mentioned in the formal histories, is recorded in the official records of",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194373",
"text": "with\") or sahamarana (\"dying with\"). Anvarohana (\"ascension\" to the pyre) is occasionally met, as well as satidaha as terms to designate the process. Satipratha is also, on occasion, used as a term signifying the custom of burning widows alive. Two other terms related to \"sati\" are sativrata and satimata. \"Sativrata\", an uncommon and seldom used term, denotes the woman who makes a vow, \"vrata\", to protect her husband while he is alive and then die with her husband. \"Satimata\" denotes a venerated widow who committed \"sati\". The Indian Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 Part I, Section 2(c) defines \"sati\"",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "1959800",
"text": "person to be elected president as an independent candidate. As president, Giri unquestioningly accepted Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's decision to sack the Charan Singh ministry in Uttar Pradesh and advised her to go in for early elections in 1971. The ordinance abolishing privy purses and privileges of the erstwhile rulers of India's princely states was promulgated by Giri after the government's original amendment was defeated in the Rajya Sabha. His advice to Prime Minister Gandhi against the appointement of A.N. Ray as the Chief Justice of India superseding three judges senior to him was ignored by her as was his",
"title": "V. V. Giri"
},
{
"id": "2978363",
"text": "be replace with diplomat M. A. Bogra. In 1954, the Constituent Assembly made legislative attempts to try changing the 1935 act to establish checks and balances on the Governor-General's powers. In response, Muhammad again dismissed the Constituent Assembly, an action that was challenged in the Sindh High Court by Maulvi Tamizuddin, the Speaker of the Assembly. The Sindh High Court's Chief Justice Sir George Constantine ruled the Governor-General's decision illegal, but the ruling was overturned by Supreme Court of Pakistan, led by Chief Justice Muhammad Munir, in a split decision. Historians consider this action the beginning of viceregal politics in",
"title": "Malik Ghulam Muhammad"
},
{
"id": "6603282",
"text": "created a new list out of the old list of so-called \"criminal tribes. These tribes even today face the consequences of the 'Prevention of Anti-Social Activity Act' (PASA), which only adds to their everyday struggle for existence as most of them live below poverty line. National Human Rights Commission and UN's anti-discrimination body Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) have asked the government to repeal this law as well, as these former \"criminalised\" tribes continue to suffer oppression and social ostracization at large and many have been denied SC, ST or OBC status, denying them access to reservations",
"title": "Human rights in India"
},
{
"id": "8803078",
"text": "article 21 of the constitution, could be suspended during an Emergency. The Habeas Corpus majority decision therefore deferred to the original intent of the framers of India's constitution. However, the Indira Gandhi government flagrantly misused their powers during the Emergency, and as a result, the doctrine of \"original intent\" has never taken a firm hold in India. Despite widespread high court support for Habeas Corpus, Justice Chandrachud went along with Justices A.N. Ray, P.N. Bhagwati, and M.H. Beg, to reject this position, stating: \"in view of the Presidential Order dated 27 June 1975 no person has any locus to move",
"title": "Y. V. Chandrachud"
},
{
"id": "7240592",
"text": "former landlords against the British. Consequently, no more land reforms were implemented for the next 90 years: Bengal and Bihar were to remain the realms of large land holdings (unlike the Punjab and Uttar Pradesh). Lastly, the British felt disenchanted with Indian reaction to social change. Until the rebellion, they had enthusiastically pushed through social reform, like the ban on \"sati\" by Lord William Bentinck. It was now felt that traditions and customs in India were too strong and too rigid to be changed easily; consequently, no more British social interventions were made, especially in matters dealing with religion, even",
"title": "British Raj"
},
{
"id": "7092369",
"text": "The ruling became the primary reason for its imposition. Subsequently, Gandhi used the opportunity to change the law which allowed her to rule by decree. She suspended freedom and liberties and brought Indian democracy to a halt. Consequently, in March 1977, Gandhi and her Congress party were routed in the elections. This ended the uninterrupted rule of Congress over India. Jagmohanlal Sinha Jagmohanlal Sinha (12 May 1920 – 20 March 2008) was an Indian judge who served in the Allahabad High Court. He is best known for his 1975 ruling in the \"State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain\" lawsuit",
"title": "Jagmohanlal Sinha"
},
{
"id": "2194402",
"text": "Brahmins, and Brahmins were not considered to be of inferior caste status than Kshatriyas. Another theory, by Hawley, is that sati started as a \"nonreligious, ruling-class, patriarchal\" ideology but later spread as a gilded status symbol of \"valor\", \"honor\" and \"purity\", representing strength and courage in internecine Rajput wars, and after Muslim invasions where Hindu women feared becoming the \"booty for the captor\" and committed jauhar and sati to avoid \"rape, torture and other ignominies\". The above theories do not explain how and why sati practice continued during the colonial era, particularly in significant numbers in colonial Bengal Presidency (modern",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "4588349",
"text": "the case of anti-AFSPA activist Irom Chanu Sharmila. In February 2015, the Legislative Department of the Ministry of Law and Justice was asked by the Government to prepare a draft Amendment Bill in this regard. In an August 2015 ruling, the Rajasthan High Court made the Jain practice of undertaking voluntary death by fasting at the end of a person's life, known as Santhara, punishable under sections 306 and 309 of the IPC. This led to some controversy, with some sections of the Jain community urging the Prime Minister to move the Supreme Court against the order. The Section 497",
"title": "Indian Penal Code"
},
{
"id": "8672890",
"text": "during the discussions, the ruling party then opposed it. The resolution was then amended and before putting it to vote, the Deputy Chairman observed: \"… because of the importance of the resolution, I have suspended all Rules and conventions of this House. But this will not become a precedent for future to be quoted anytime… Whatever is said is final.\" The amended resolution, which included specific practical steps to deal with the issue, was passed unanimously. Two months before his death, in January 2013, he wrote to former Chief Justice of India J. S. Verma who headed a Committee appointed",
"title": "Viren J. Shah"
},
{
"id": "1401014",
"text": "the war-time powers of the Defence of India act into the post-war period. The war-time act had vested the Viceroy's government with extraordinary powers to quell sedition by silencing the press, detaining political activists without trial, and arresting any individuals suspected of sedition or treason without a warrant. It was increasingly reviled within India due to widespread and indiscriminate use. Many popular leaders, including Annie Beasant and Ali brothers had been detained. Rowlatt act was, therefore, passed in the face of universal opposition among the (non-official) Indian members in the Viceroy's council. The extension of the act drew widespread opposition",
"title": "Indian independence movement"
},
{
"id": "17188715",
"text": "notable of which were Act I of 1959 and 1970 in Andhra Pradesh. However, the loss of land continued unabated despite several land laws across states promulgated for the protection of tribals. PESA was notable in its scope, as by section 4 (m) (iii) it gave to Gram Sabhas the power to not only prevent alienation of land but also to restore illegally alienated land. As per article 243 ZC of the Constitution Part IX A of the Constitution relating to urban local bodies shall not be applicable to Scheduled Areas unless Parliament by law makes \"Parliament may, by law,",
"title": "Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act 1996"
},
{
"id": "17188662",
"text": "shall be reserved for Scheduled Tribes. 7. Power to prevent land alienation and restore illegally alienated land In view of the historical fact of massive land alienation from tribal to non-tribal persons the gram sabhas have been given the power of preventing land alienation. In effect, no land can be transferred from a tribal to a non-tribal person. This provision of PESA has a number of implications, including the ones that arose after the delivery of the Samatha judgement by the Supreme Court. 8. Power to manage village markets PESA gives to the Gram sabhas the power to manage village",
"title": "Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act 1996"
},
{
"id": "2194462",
"text": "with death if he ever had intercourse. He died while performing the forbidden act with Madri; she blamed herself for not rejecting him, as she knew of the curse. Also, in the case of Madri the entire assembly of sages sought to dissuade her from the act, and no religious merit is attached to the fate she chooses against all advice. In the Musala-parvan of the Mahabharata, the four wives of Vasudeva are said to commit \"sati\". Furthermore, as news of Krishna's death reaches Hastinapur, five of his wives choose to burn themselves. Against these stray examples within the Mahabharata",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "17620133",
"text": "lower, state and supreme court of India. Further, Section 8(4) of the Representation of the People Act, which allowed elected representatives three months to appeal their conviction, was declared unconstitutional by the bench of Justice A. K. Patnaik and Justice S. J. Mukhopadhaya. In an attempt to overturn this decision, the Representation of the People (Second Amendment and Validation) Bill, 2013, was introduced into the Rajya Sabha on 30 August by Law Minister Kapil Sibal; by the proposed amendment, representatives would not be disqualified immediately after conviction. The Indian government also filed a review petition, which the Supreme Court dismissed.",
"title": "Disqualification of convicted representatives in India"
},
{
"id": "17717887",
"text": "Sabha and Rajya Sabha on 22 and 30 November 1966, respectively. The bill received assent from then President Zakir Hussain on 11 December 1966. It came into force and was notified in \"The Gazette of India\" on the same date. Nineteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India The Nineteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 1966, abolished Election Tribunals in India and enabled trial of election petitions by High Courts. It amended clause (1) of article 324 of the Constitution, which provides for vesting of the power of superintendence, direction and control",
"title": "Nineteenth Amendment of the Constitution of India"
},
{
"id": "2194378",
"text": "often poison the husband and find a new lover. To end these murders, a law was therefore instituted that the widow should either join her husband in death or live in perpetual widowhood. Modern historians believe Diodorus's source for this episode was the eyewitness account of the now lost historian Hieronymus of Cardia. Hieronymus' explanation of the origin of \"sati\" appears to be his own composite, created from a variety of Indian traditions and practices to form a moral lesson upholding traditional Greek values. In the 1886 published Hobson-Jobson, Henry Yule and Arthur Coke Burnell mention the practice of \"Suttee\"",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "14015879",
"text": "Liquor Total Prohibition Act, 1995\" banned sale and consumption of alcohol effective from 20 February 1997. In 2007, the MLTP Act was amended to allow wine to be made from guavas and grapes, but with restrictions on the alcohol content and the volume possessed. It is illegal to transport these products out of the state. Mizoram repealed prohibition on 10 July 2014, a period of 17 years after it had been imposed. On that date, the state Legislative Assembly passed the Mizoram Liquor (Prohibition and Control) Bill 2014 (or MLPC), replacing the MLTP Act. The Presbyterian Church had organised mass",
"title": "Alcohol prohibition in India"
},
{
"id": "17620134",
"text": "On 24 September, a few days before the fodder scam verdict, the government tried to bring the bill into effect as an ordinance. However, Rahul Gandhi, Vice-President of the Indian National Congress, made his opinion of the ordinance clear in a press meeting: \"It's complete nonsense. It should be torn up and thrown away.\" Members of opposition parties claimed that Gandhi's comments indicated total confusion within the government, and called for the resignation of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. Within 5 days, both the ordinance and the bill were withdrawn on 2 October. On 1 October 2013, Rasheed Masood became the",
"title": "Disqualification of convicted representatives in India"
},
{
"id": "7382686",
"text": "socio-economic system of the state by the time of independence. Poor peasants were subjected to atrocities of their zamindars, had no right on the land they tilled and often had to pay very high land revenues. Congress government under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru passed a law to abolish the zamindari system. Impact of law was very limited in beginning years as zamindars approached the Supreme Court challenging the orders. To come up with the backdrop, the Congress Government passed the Rajasthan Jagir Abolition Act in 1952. With this Act, Jagirdari system in the state was abolished and the power",
"title": "Mohan Lal Sukhadia"
},
{
"id": "20487264",
"text": "Satara state Satara state was a short-lived Princely state created by the British in 1818 after the Third Anglo-Maratha War and annexed by them in 1849 using the Doctrine of lapse. The state was ruled by descendants of Chhatrapati Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. The first Raja of the state was Pratap Singh who was freed by the British after they defeated Peshwa Bajirao II in 1818. Pratap Singh was deposed in 1838. His brother, Shahaji succeeded him but died without a natural heir in 1848. At that time, the East India Company government refused to accept Shahaji's",
"title": "Satara state"
},
{
"id": "2194467",
"text": "Vijñāneśvara states, \"a Brahmin woman ought not to depart by ascending a separate pyre.\" David Brick states that the Brahmin sati commentary suggests that the practice may have originated in the warrior and ruling class of medieval Indian society. In addition to providing arguments in support of sati, Vijñāneśvara offers arguments against the ritual. Those who supported the ritual, did however, put restrictions on sati. It was considered wrong for women who had young children to care for, those who were pregnant or menstruating. A woman who had doubts or did not wish to commit sati at the last moment,",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "4606821",
"text": "to mark its presence, as women were often raped or kidnapped by the foreign forces. It was abolished by the British in 1829. There have been around forty reported cases of Sati since Indian independence. In 1987, the Roop Kanwar case in Rajasthan led to The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act. Purdah is the practice among some Muslim communities requiring women to cover themselves for the purpose of modesty. Devadasi or Devaradiyar means “servant of God”. These women were dedicated to God and were considered given in marriage to God, meaning that they could therefore not marry any ‘mortal’. Nevertheless,",
"title": "Women in India"
},
{
"id": "15884889",
"text": "allowing them to exercise a discretion in so delicate a matter. To use the words of the governor-general, we were decidedly in favour of an open avowed and general prohibition, resting altogether upon the moral goodness of the act, and our power to enforce it. 8. Your honourable court will observe that the original draft of the regulation was considerably modified before its final enactment, and that it was deemed advisable, at the suggestion of the judges of the nizamat adalat, to omit the distinction originally made between misdemeanour and culpable homicide, in being accessory to a suttee, and also",
"title": "Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829"
},
{
"id": "13761404",
"text": "the public. C. Rajagopalachari conveyed the details to Gandhiji through a letter and Gandhiji issued orders on 8 October 1925 to the Secretary of the \"Satyagraha Ashram\" to withdraw the Satyagraha. But action continued till November 1925 until all the conditions were implemented in Toto. One view is that it was only a partial success for non-caste Hindus (Avarnas) as they gained access only to the roads on three sides of the temple. The fourth and most important eastern road remained inaccessible to them. It was really a blow to the Christians and Muslims as they lost their previously enjoyed",
"title": "Vaikom Satyagraha"
},
{
"id": "2194411",
"text": "a region within a 30-mile radius of Calcutta, finding more than 300 such cases there. The missionaries also approached Hindu theologians, who opined that the practice was encouraged, rather than enjoined by the Hindu scriptures. Serampore was a Danish colony, rather than British, and the reason why Carey started his mission in Danish India, rather than in British, was because The East India Company did not accept Christian missionary activity within their domains. In 1813, in a speech to the House of Commons, William Wilberforce, with particular reference to the statistics on \"sati\" collected by Carey and the other Serampore",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194396",
"text": "before 400 CE, by the manner of which it is infrequently mentioned in the Puranas of that time. A very early attested case from 510 CE is that of the wife of Goparaja, who immolated herself with her dead husband, according to the Eran inscription of king Bhanugupta, with another similar case attested from 606 CE. As the custom grew in popularity, Altekar highlights as determined opponents of this aristocratic custom in particular 7th-century poet Bāṇabhaṭṭa, but also 9th-century theologian Medhātithi and 12th-century Devana Bhatta. In Altekar's view, their crusades against the custom were largely unsuccessful. According to Altekar, it",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "1654298",
"text": "structure was broadly similar to that of the German Empire before the First World War. In 1947, it was agreed the Indian subcontinent would be partitioned into the independent British dominions of India and Pakistan, with the princely states acceding to one nation or the other. The accession process proceeded smoothly, with the notable exception of four of the most influential principalities. The Muslim ruler of the Hindu-majority state of Junagadh ruler acceded to Pakistan, but his decision was overruled by the Indian government, while Hyderabad chose to be independent, but was forcibly annexed to India in 1948. The Hindu",
"title": "Abolition of monarchy"
},
{
"id": "5600465",
"text": "these articles, particularly with respect to the doctrine of due process, was heavily debated by the Constituent Assembly. It was argued, especially by Benegal Narsing Rau, that the incorporation of such a clause would hamper social legislation and cause procedural difficulties in maintaining order, and therefore it ought to be excluded from the Constitution altogether. The Constituent Assembly in 1948 eventually omitted the phrase \"due process\" in favour of \"procedure established by law\". As a result, Article 21, which prevents the encroachment of life or personal liberty by the State except in accordance with the procedure established by law, was,",
"title": "Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India"
},
{
"id": "18305143",
"text": "India (TRAI) released a formal consultation paper on \"Regulatory Framework for Over-the-top (OTT)\" services, seeking comments from the public. The consultation paper was criticised for being one sided and having confusing statements. It received condemnation from various politicians and Indian Internet users. The last date for submission of comment was 24 April 2015 and TRAI received over a million emails. On 8 February 2016, TRAI took a revolutionary decision, prohibiting telecom service providers from levying discriminatory rates for data, thus ruling in favor of Net Neutrality in India. This move was welcomed by millions of Indians and also by people",
"title": "Net neutrality in India"
},
{
"id": "12897916",
"text": "be banned. Rather, the context and meaning has to be gauged in individual speeches in question. The Supreme Court while revisiting the two-decade-old Hindutva judgement (On 20 October, 2016) has said that nobody should be allowed to misuse religion for electoral gains and has termed it as a ‘corrupt practice’. The Vishakha and others v State of Rajasthan (13 September 1997) is considered one of the World's landmark judgments in gender justice. It was brought as a class action by certain NGO's and social activists following the brutal gang rape of a social worker in Rajasthan to enforce the fundamental",
"title": "J. S. Verma"
},
{
"id": "16954382",
"text": "whose lands were subjective to legal landgrabbing by the government. CARP expired at the end of December 2008. In 1972, the Government of Sirimavo Bandaranaike, through the Land Reform Law, imposed a ceiling of twenty hectares on privately owned land and sought to distribute lands in excess of the ceiling for the benefit of landless peasants. Both land owned by public companies and paddy lands under ten hectares in extent were exempted from this ceiling. Between 1972 and 1974, the Land Reform Commission took over nearly 228,000 hectares. In 1975 the Land Reform (Amendment) Law brought over 169,000 hectares of",
"title": "Land reforms by country"
},
{
"id": "16100138",
"text": "the Indian population after the blow to administrative complacency occasioned in 1857.\" Initial attempts at ethnographic study by the British in India had concentrated on the issues of female infanticide and \"sati\" (widow immolation), which were thought to be prevalent in the northern and western areas of the country – especially among the Rajputs – and which the colonial rulers wished to eradicate by a process of social engineering. Following the rebellion, officers then serving in the Indian Civil Service, such as Richard Carnac Temple, were of the opinion that if future unrest was to be avoided then it was",
"title": "The People of India"
},
{
"id": "2715349",
"text": "Streynsham Master Sir Streynsham Master (28 October 1640 – 28 April 1724) was one of the 17th century pioneers of the English East India Company. He served as the Agent of Madras from 27 January 1678 to 3 July 1681 and is credited with having introduced the first administrative reforms in the Madras Government. .He banned sati and prohibited the burning of a Hindu widow in 1680 in what is the first official British response to sati. He made English the sole official language and language of court in Madras Presidency replacing Portuguese,Tamil and Malayalam languages. Returning to England, in",
"title": "Streynsham Master"
},
{
"id": "13130748",
"text": "which may run counter to public order, health or morality. Polygamy was not integral part of religion and monogamy was a reform within the power of the State under Article 25.\" In October 2015, the court stated that it was considering banning polygamy. The Bollywood star and Lok Sabha member Dharmendra was already married to Prakash Kaur when he married actress Hema Malini in 1980. While it was reported that he had converted to Islam for the sake of the marriage, he denied getting converted. The Uttar Pradesh politician, Mulayam Singh Yadav was married twice. His first wife was Malti",
"title": "Polygamy in India"
},
{
"id": "4811413",
"text": "issues such as fundamental rights. To nullify this judgement, Parliament dominated by the Indira Gandhi Congress, passed the 24th Amendment in 1971. Similarly, after the government lost a Supreme Court case for withdrawing the privy purse given to erstwhile princes, Parliament passed the 26th Amendment. This gave constitutional validity to the government's abolition of the privy purse and nullified the Supreme Court's order. This judiciary–executive battle would continue in the landmark \"Kesavananda Bharati\" case, where the 24th Amendment was called into question. With a wafer-thin majority of 7 to 6, the bench of the Supreme Court restricted Parliament's amendment power",
"title": "The Emergency (India)"
},
{
"id": "2194388",
"text": "threw herself on his funeral pyre, might be a relic of an earlier custom of live widow-burning. The strangling of widows after their husbands' deaths are attested from as disparate cultures as the Natchez people in present-day US state Louisiana, to a number of Pacific Islander cultures. The Rajput practice of Jauhar, known from Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, was the collective suicide of widows who preferred death rather than being captured alive and dishonored by victorious Muslim soldiers in a war. According to Bose, \"jauhar\" practice grew in the 14th and 15th century with Hindu-Muslim wars of northwest India, where",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2566549",
"text": "it had over the appointment of judges, and reducing that of the judiciary. On 31 December 2014, Modi announced that the Planning Commission had been scrapped. It was replaced with a body called the National Institution for Transforming India, or NITI Aayog. The Planning Commission was a legacy of the Indian Independence movement, although critics said that it was slowing economic growth. The move had the effect of greatly centralising the power previously with the planning commission in the person of the prime minister. It also reduced the extent of control individual states had over their financial allocation from the",
"title": "Narendra Modi"
},
{
"id": "2194403",
"text": "Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bangladesh and Assam). Three theories have been proposed: first that sati was believed to be supported by Hindu scriptures by the 19th century, second that sati was encouraged by unscrupulous neighbors because it was a means of property annexation from a widow who had the right to inherit her dead husband's property under Hindu law and sati helped eliminate the inheritor, and third theory being that poverty was so extreme during the 19th century that sati was a means of escape for a woman with no means or hope of survival. Daniel Grey states that the",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "2194459",
"text": "anyone is inappropriate (adharmic). This Śruti prohibition became one of the several basis for arguments presented against sati by 11th- to 14th-century Hindu scholars such as Medhatithi of Kashmir, Thus, in none of the principal religious texts believed composed before the Common Era is there any evidence at all for a sanctioning of the practice of \"sati\". It is wholly unmentioned, although the archaic Atharvaveda do contain hints of a funeral practice of \"symbolic\" sati. In addition, the twelfth-century CE commentary of Apararka, claiming to quote the Dharmasutra text Apastamba, it says that the Apastamba prescribes that if a widow",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
},
{
"id": "10093782",
"text": "Lok Satta Party Lok Satta is a political party in India, founded by Nagabhairava Jaya Prakash Narayana, a former I.A.S. officer and renowned activist from Andhra Pradesh. Since 1996, the Lok Satta Movement functioned as a non-governmental organisation, but on 2 October 2006, the movement was reorganised into a formal political party. The party intends to further the causes of the Lok Satta Movement, including a reduction in the size of the cabinet, promotion of the Right to Information Act, and disclosure of criminal records and assets by political candidates. Beginning with the 2009 elections the party has adopted a",
"title": "Lok Satta Party"
},
{
"id": "12592348",
"text": "Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856 The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856, also Act XV, 1856, enacted on 26 July 1856, legalised the remarriage of Hindu widows in all jurisdictions of India under East India Company rule. It was drafted by Lord Dalhousie but it was passed by his successor Lord Canning before the Indian Rebellion of 1857 . It was the first major social reform legislation after the abolition of Sati by Lord William Bentinck. To protect what it considered family honour and family property, upper-caste Hindu society had long disallowed the remarriage of widows, even child and adolescent ones,",
"title": "Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856"
},
{
"id": "2194441",
"text": "about two thirds were above the age of 40 when committing \"sati\". Anand Yang summarizes the regional variation in incidence of \"sati\" as follows: Narayan H. Kulkarnee believes that \"sati\" became to be practiced in medieval days Maharashtra initially by the Maratha nobility claiming Rajput descent. Then, according to Kulkarnee, the practice of \"sati\" may have increased across caste distinctions as an honour saving custom in the face of Muslim advances into the territory. But, the practice never gained the type of prevalence as seen in Rajasthan or Bengal, and social customs of actively dissuading a widow from committing \"sati\"",
"title": "Sati (practice)"
}
] | who abolished sati partha (practice) in india |
|
| [
{
"id": "18553291",
"text": "were revealed to be in talks to play Gaston and the Beast respectively, and Watson confirmed their casting the following day through tweets. The rest of the principal cast, including Josh Gad, Emma Thompson, Kevin Kline, Audra McDonald, Ian McKellen, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ewan McGregor and Stanley Tucci were announced between March and April to play LeFou, Mrs. Potts, Maurice, Madame de Garderobe, Cogsworth, Plumette, Lumière and Cadenza, respectively. Susan Egan, who originated the role of Belle on Broadway, commented on the casting of Watson as \"perfect\". Paige O'Hara, who voiced Belle in the original animated film and its sequels, offered",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553276",
"text": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon from a screenplay written by Stephen Chbosky and Evan Spiliotopoulos, and co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films. The film is a live-action reimagining of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name, itself an adaptation of Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's 18th-century fairy tale. The film features an ensemble cast that includes Emma Watson and Dan Stevens as the eponymous characters with Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "20071633",
"text": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song) \"Evermore\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for the film by English actor Dan Stevens, who performs the song in his starring role as the titular Beast, \"Evermore\" was first released as a single by American singer Josh Groban on March 3, 2017. Stevens' version became available on March 10, 2017 when the film's soundtrack was released online, while Groban's cover is played during",
"title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)"
},
{
"id": "8316034",
"text": "beautiful young woman named Belle who he imprisons in his castle. All this must be done before the last petal falls from the enchanted rose on his twenty-first birthday. In all animated film appearances, the Beast is voiced by American actor Robby Benson. The 1991 animated film was adapted into a Broadway musical in 1994, with the role being originated by American actor Terrence Mann. Dan Stevens portrays the character in a 2017 live-action adaptation of the original 1991 film. Determining a suitable appearance for the Beast proved challenging. Although entirely fictional, supervising animator Glen Keane felt it essential for",
"title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"
},
{
"id": "19955601",
"text": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \"Beauty and the Beast\". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three new songs composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Tim Rice. The soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records on March 10, 2017. The songs feature vocal performances by the film's ensemble cast including Emma Watson, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Kevin Kline, Josh Gad, Ewan McGregor,",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)"
},
{
"id": "18553277",
"text": "McKellen, and Emma Thompson in supporting roles. Principal photography began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England on May 18, 2015, and ended on August 21. With an estimated budget of around $255 million, it is one of the most expensive films ever made. \"Beauty and the Beast\" premiered at Spencer House in London on February 23, 2017, and was released in the United States in standard, Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D formats, along with Dolby Cinema on March 17, 2017. The film received generally favorable reviews, with many praising the performances and its faithfulness to the",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "20084381",
"text": "Days in the Sun \"Days in the Sun\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, \"Days in the Sun\" is one of four songs added to the 2017 film. It was released on March 10, 2017, as",
"title": "Days in the Sun"
},
{
"id": "18553301",
"text": "in 3D on March 17, 2017. The first official presentation of the film took place at Disney's three-day D23 Expo in August 2015. The world premiere of \"Beauty and the Beast\" took place at Spencer House in London, England on February 23, 2017; and the film later premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California, on March 2, 2017. The stream was broadcast onto YouTube. A sing along version of the film released in over 1,200 US theaters nationwide on April 7, 2017. The United Kingdom received the same version on April 21, 2017. The film was re-released in",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553294",
"text": "due to confusion among test audiences caused by actress Harriet Jones, who looked similar to Hattie Morahan, who portrayed Agathe. In the original version of the scene, it was Jones's character, the Prince's mother, who sings the first verse of the song, with Rudi Goodman playing the young Prince and Henry Garrett playing his father; but in the reshot version of the scene, the singing part is given to the Prince (now played by Adam Mitchell). The King was also recast to Tom Turner, although Harriet Jones was still the Queen, albeit with dark hair. Both Goodman and Garrett's names",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553278",
"text": "original animated film, as well as elements from the Broadway musical, visual style, production values, and score, though it received criticism for some of the character designs and its excessive similarity to the original. The film grossed over $1.2 billion worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing live-action musical film, and making it the second-highest-grossing film of 2017, the tenth-highest-ever-grossing film in North America and the 14th-highest-grossing film of all time. The film received four nominations at the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards and two nominations at the 71st British Academy Film Awards. It also received Academy Award nominations for Best Production Design and",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "19955602",
"text": "Stanley Tucci, Audra McDonald, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Nathan Mack, Ian McKellen, and Emma Thompson. The album debuted at No. 3 on the Billboard 200 chart with 57,000 units, 48,000 of which are traditional album sales. It has sold 337,000 copies in the United States as of July 2017. Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack) Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the 2017 film \"Beauty and the Beast\". The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)"
},
{
"id": "17628851",
"text": "of Friendship\" is a live-action/animated direct-to-video installment of the film series. It was directed by Jimbo Mitchell, and released on August 17, 1999. It is set during the original film, and was released in part to help promote Disney Channel's television series, Sing Me a Story with Belle. On March 17, 2017, Disney released a live-action adaptation of the film, which was directed by Bill Condon. The movie stars Emma Watson as Belle, Dan Stevens as the Beast, Luke Evans as Gaston, Ewan McGregor as Lumière, Ian McKellen as Cogsworth, Emma Thompson as Mrs. Potts, Kevin Kline as Maurice, and",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (franchise)"
},
{
"id": "8316069",
"text": "Beast in a live-action adaptation of the film, which was released on March 17, 2017. The Beast was portrayed with a “more traditional motion capture puppeteering for the body and the physical orientation\", where Stevens was \"in a forty-pound gray suit on stilts for much of the film\". The facial capture for the Beast was done separately order to \"communicate the subtleties of the human face\" and \"[capture the] thought that occurs to him\" which gets \"through [to] the eyes, which are the last human element in the Beast.” The live-action portrayal closely follows the animated version, but with some",
"title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"
},
{
"id": "20084394",
"text": "as \"uninspired and hard to recall after the fact\". Days in the Sun \"Days in the Sun\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, \"Days in the Sun\" is one of four songs added to the 2017",
"title": "Days in the Sun"
},
{
"id": "18553292",
"text": "to help Watson with her singing lessons. According to \"The Hollywood Reporter\", Emma Watson was reportedly paid $3 million upfront, together with an agreement that her final take-home pay could rise as high as $15 million if the film generated gross box office income similar to \"Maleficent\"'s $759 million worldwide gross. Principal photography on the film began at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England, on May 18, 2015. Filming with the principal actors concluded on August 21. Six days later, co-producer Jack Morrissey confirmed that the film had officially wrapped production. The Beast was portrayed with a \"more traditional motion capture",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553297",
"text": "film as a \"straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical\". Menken returned to score the film's music, which features songs from the original film by him and Howard Ashman, plus new material written by Menken and Tim Rice. Menken said the film would not include songs that were written for the Broadway musical and instead, created four new songs. However, an instrumental version of the song \"Home\", which was written for the musical, is used during the scene where Belle first enters her room in the castle. On January 19, 2017, it was confirmed by both Disney and Céline Dion—singer of the",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553319",
"text": "28, the film had earned over $500 million in ticket sales becoming the first film of 2017 (until it was later surpassed by \"The Last Jedi\"), the third female-fueled film (after \"The Force Awakens\" and \"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\" followed by \"Wonder Woman\" and \"The Last Jedi\") and the eighth overall film in cinematic history to pass the mark. It has already become the biggest March release, dethroning \"The Hunger Games\" (2012), the biggest musical film (both animated and live-action), as well as the biggest film of 2017 (alongside \"The Last Jedi\"). Outside the US and Canada, the",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "4755008",
"text": "Choice Award for Best Dramatic Movie. Chbosky re-wrote Evan Spiliotopoulos's original script for the 2017 live action reboot of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", directed by Bill Condon and starring Emma Watson as Belle. Chbosky and Watson developed a close relationship during the production of \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower.\" The adaptation was faithful to the original 1991 animated film \"Beauty and the Beast\", with all the original musical numbers included. The film was released on March 17, 2017. Chbosky directed the 2017 film \"Wonder\", co-written by Chbosky, Jack Thorne, and Steve Conrad and based on the 2012 novel",
"title": "Stephen Chbosky"
},
{
"id": "20071673",
"text": "ounces of shame.\" 34th Street Magazine contributor Haley Weiss preferred Groban's version to Stevens' original, calling it \"breathtaking and downright lovely to listen to\" while dismissing the film version as \"downright mediocre in comparison.\" Weiss questioned why Disney hadn't cast Groban as the Beast instead of Stevens due to the former's acting and musical theatre background. Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song) \"Evermore\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action remake of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Originally recorded for",
"title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)"
},
{
"id": "18553307",
"text": "shot of passing $1 billion worldwide from theatrical earnings. On April 12, it passed the $1 billion threshold, becoming the first film of 2017, the fourteenth Disney film, and the twenty-ninth film overall to pass the mark. It became the first film since \"Rogue One\" (also a Disney property) in December 2016 to make over a billion dollars, and did so on its 29th day of release. It is currently the second-highest-grossing film of 2017 (behind \"\"), the highest-grossing March release, the highest-grossing remake of all time, and the sixth-biggest Disney film. Even after inflation adjusted, it is still ahead",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "1320544",
"text": "She also appeared in an episode of \"The Vicar of Dibley\", in which she played Reverend Iris. In February 2016, Watson announced she was taking a year-long break from acting. She planned to spend the time on her \"personal development\" and her women's rights work. Watson played Belle in the 2017 live action Disney adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\" directed by Bill Condon, and starring opposite Dan Stevens as the Beast. The film earned over $1.2 billion at the box office and emerged as the second highest-grossing film of 2017, behind only \"\", and the 14th highest-grossing film of",
"title": "Emma Watson"
},
{
"id": "18553290",
"text": "we just couldn't get it to click and it was Alan Horn who championed the idea of owning the Disney of it all. We realized there was a competitive advantage in the songs. What is wrong with making adults feel like kids again?\" In January 2015, Emma Watson announced that she would be starring as Belle, the female lead. She was the first choice of Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan F. Horn, as he had previously overseen Warner Bros. which released the eight \"Harry Potter\" films that co-starred Watson as Hermione Granger. Two months later, Luke Evans and Dan Stevens",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553333",
"text": "effects, costume designs and the sets, while commending the inclusion of Gad's character of LeFou as the first LGBT character in Disney. Owen Gleiberman of \"Variety\", in his positive review of the film, wrote: \"It's a lovingly crafted movie, and in many ways a good one, but before that it's an enraptured piece of old-is-new nostalgia.\" Gleiberman compared Steven's character of the Beast to a royal version of the titular character in \"The Elephant Man\" and the 1946 version of the Beast in Jean Cocteau's original adaptation. A. O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" praised the performances of both",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553286",
"text": "to the Beast, Agathe reveals herself as the enchantress and undoes the curse, repairing the crumbling castle, and reviving the Beast then turning him and his servants' human making the villagers' remember their loved ones. The Prince and Belle host a ball for the villagers, where they dance happily. In the initial theatrical release, Mitchell was miscredited as Rudi Goodman in the cast, but listed under his real name in the soundtrack credits Stephen Merchant also appeared in the film as Monsieur Toilette, a servant who was turned into a toilet. This character was cut from the film, but is",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "6915977",
"text": "and Bryson duetted at the JT Super Producers 94 tribute concert to David Foster, and as part of Dion's 1994-95 The Colour of My Love Tour, though they have also often sung with different duet partners. Dion has sung with Tommy Körberg, Brian McKnight, Terry Bradford, Maurice Davis, Barnev Valsaint, and René Froger among others; Peabo has sung with Coko and Regine Velasquez. Ariana Grande and John Legend covered \"Beauty and the Beast\" for the 2017 live-action adaption of the same name. The accompanying music video, directed by Dave Meyers premiered on Freeform on March 5, 2017. In March 2017,",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)"
},
{
"id": "201239",
"text": "appeared as Norman to Anthony Hopkins' Sir in a BBC Two production of Ronald Harwood's \"The Dresser\", alongside Edward Fox and Emily Watson. In 2017, McKellen voiced Cogsworth, the Beast's loyal majordomo, who was turned into a pendulum clock, in a live-action adaptation of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\". McKellen and his first partner, Brian Taylor, a history teacher from Bolton, began their relationship in 1964. Their relationship lasted for eight years, ending in 1972. They lived in London, where McKellen continued to pursue his career as an actor. For over a decade, he has lived in a five-storey Victorian",
"title": "Ian McKellen"
},
{
"id": "12330926",
"text": "Peter Jackson's three-part adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's \"The Hobbit\". Evans also portrayed the vampire Dracula in the character's film origin story, \"Dracula Untold\". In 2017, Evans starred as Gaston in Disney's live action adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\", and portrayed American psychologist William Moulton Marston, creator of fictional character Wonder Woman, in the biographical drama \"Professor Marston and the Wonder Women\". Evans was born on Easter Sunday, 15 April 1979, in Pontypool, and brought up in Aberbargoed, a small town in the Rhymney Valley, Wales, the only child of Yvonne and David Evans. He was raised as",
"title": "Luke Evans (actor)"
},
{
"id": "18553300",
"text": "Grande and Legend's updated version of the title song is faithful to the original, Grammy-winning duet, performed by Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson for the 1991 Disney film. Disney debuted the music video for Ariana Grande and John Legend's interpretation of the title song on Freeform television network on March 5, 2017, and it has since been viewed over 100 million views on the Vevo video-hosting service. Emma Thompson also performed a rendition of the title song, which was performed by Angela Lansbury in the original 1991 animated film. On March 16, 2015, Disney announced the film would be released",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553336",
"text": "satisfied.\" In her A- review, Nancy Churnin of \"The Dallas Morning News\" praised the film's emotional and thematic depth, remarking: \"There's an emotional authenticity in director Bill Condon's live-action Beauty and the Beast film that helps you rediscover Disney's beloved 1991 animated film and 1994 stage show in fresh, stirring ways.\" James Berardinelli of ReelViews described the 2017 version as \"enthralling\". Brian Truitt of \"USA Today\" commended the performances of Evans, Gad, McGregor and Thompson alongside Condon's affinity with musicals, the production design, visual effects featured in some of the song numbers including new songs made by the composers Alan",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "8316068",
"text": "of \"the Beast\" is actually another fairy tale character, Rumplestiltskin (played by Robert Carlyle), who gains possession of Belle as part of a deal to save Belle's kingdom from losing a war. Indian actor Vikram portrayed Beast for sequences in a dreamy song \"Ennodu Nee Irundhal\" in the 2015 Tamil language film \"\"I\"\" opposite Amy Jackson who portrayed Belle. The original prosthetic make-up for the characters were provided by Sean Foot (Shaun) and Davina Lamont and additional works were done by National Film Award winners—Christien Tinsley and Dominie Till. In March 2015, English actor Dan Stevens was cast as the",
"title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"
},
{
"id": "12330932",
"text": "Jeremy Irons. In January 2015, Evans officially exited \"The Crow\" to pursue other projects. The same year, he was named one of \"GQ\"s 50 best dressed British men. In 2016, Evans appeared in the thriller film \"The Girl on the Train\", co-starring Emily Blunt. In 2017, he had the villainous role of Gaston in Disney's live action remake, \"Beauty and the Beast\", which co-stars Emma Watson; and also played the lead role, William Moulton Marston, the creator of Wonder Woman, in the film \"Professor Marston and the Wonder Women\". In 2018, Evans stars in TNT drama \"The Alienist\", as newspaper",
"title": "Luke Evans (actor)"
},
{
"id": "18553331",
"text": "\"Rogue One: A Star Wars Story\"). \"Beauty and the Beast\" received generally positive reviews, with praise for its ensemble cast, visuals, production values, musical score, songs, and faithfulness to the original film with a few elements of the Broadway musical version, while the designs of the Beast and the servants' household object forms received mixed reviews. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 71% based on 336 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"With an enchanting cast, beautifully crafted songs, and a painterly eye for detail, \"Beauty and the",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18571033",
"text": "the feature dancer in the music video for \"Wide Open\" by The Chemical Brothers and Beck. In August 2016, she appeared in the music video for Frank Ocean's song \"Nikes\". In 2016 Mizuno was in \"La La Land\", playing the role of Caitlin, one of the three roommates of Mia, played by Emma Stone. In 2017, Mizuno appeared in a small role as the debutante in Disney's live-action adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\", and in 2018, she acted in the Warner Bros. film \"Crazy Rich Asians\", opposite Constance Wu and Michelle Yeoh. Sonoya Mizuno Sonoya Mizuno (born 1 July",
"title": "Sonoya Mizuno"
},
{
"id": "7125781",
"text": "Dan Stevens Daniel Jonathan Stevens (born 10 October 1982) is an English actor. He first drew international attention for his role as Matthew Crawley in the ITV acclaimed period drama series \"Downton Abbey\" (2010–12). He also starred as David in the thriller film \"The Guest\" (2014), Sir Lancelot in the adventure film \"\" (2014), The Beast/Prince in Disney's live action adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), Lorin Willis in the biographical legal drama \"Marshall\" (2017), and Charles Dickens in the biographical drama \"The Man Who Invented Christmas\" (2017). Since 2017, he has starred as David Haller in the FX",
"title": "Dan Stevens"
},
{
"id": "18553299",
"text": "couldn't say yes right away, because I felt like I was kind of cheating in a way\". She eventually felt compelled to record the song because of the impact \"Beauty and the Beast\" has had on her career. According to Dion, \"I was at the beginning of my career, it put me on the map, it put me where I am today\". Also, Josh Groban was announced to be performing the new original song \"Evermore\" on January 26, 2017. The 2017 film features a remake of the 1991 original song recorded as a duet by Ariana Grande and John Legend.",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "6915925",
"text": "was present in the recording studio at the time to tears. Meanwhile, the actress credits recording the song with ultimately helping her gain further perspective on Mrs. Potts' role in the film. Some of Ashman's cut lyrics from the 1991 film were reinstated for the version in the 2017 film. The scene in \"Beauty and the Beast\" during which the song is heard is the moment when Belle and the Beast's true feelings for each other are finally established. Set in the ballroom of the Beast's castle, \"Beauty and the Beast\" is performed by the character Mrs. Potts, an enchanted",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)"
},
{
"id": "9446008",
"text": "Hattie Morahan Harriet Jane ″Hattie″ Morahan (born 7 October 1978) is an English television, film, and stage actress. Her roles include Alice in \"The Bletchley Circle\", Gale Benson in \"The Bank Job\" (2008), Ann in \"Mr. Holmes\" (2015), Rose Coyne in \"My Mother and Other Strangers\" (2016), and Agathe/The Enchantress in \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017). Morahan was born at Lambeth, London, England. She is the younger daughter of television and film director Christopher Morahan and actress Anna Carteret. Her older sister Rebecca is a theatre director, and her half-brother Andy is a music video and film director. As a",
"title": "Hattie Morahan"
},
{
"id": "18553287",
"text": "featured in the deleted scenes. Previously, Disney had begun work on a film adaptation of the 1994 Broadway musical. However, in a 2011 interview, composer Alan Menken stated the planned film version of the \"Beauty and the Beast\" stage musical \"was canned\". By April 2014, Walt Disney Pictures had already begun developing a new live-action version of \"Beauty and the Beast\" after making other live-action fantasy films such as \"Alice in Wonderland\", \"Maleficent\", \"Cinderella\" and \"The Jungle Book\". In June 2014, Bill Condon was signed to direct the film from a script by Evan Spiliotopoulos. Later in September of that",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "3135248",
"text": "Robby Benson Robin David Segal (born January 21, 1956), known by the stage name Robby Benson, is an American actor, voice actor, musician, singer, director, producer and educator. He is known as the voice of Beast in the Disney animated film \"Beauty and the Beast\" and its numerous sequels and spin-offs, and directed several episodes of the sitcom \"Friends\". Benson was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Freda Ann (\"née\" Benson), a singer, actor, and business promotions manager, and Jerry Segal, a writer. His family is Jewish. Benson was raised in New York City and took his mother's maiden",
"title": "Robby Benson"
},
{
"id": "18553279",
"text": "Best Costume Design at the 90th Academy Awards. A beautiful enchantress disguised as an old beggar woman arrives at a French castle during a ball and offers the host, a cruel and selfish prince, a rose in return for shelter from a storm. When he refuses, she reveals her identity. To punish the prince for his lack of compassion, the enchantress transforms him into a beast and his servants into household objects, then erases the castle, the prince and his servants from the memories of their loved ones (in the small town of Villeneuve nearby). She casts a spell on",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "7426417",
"text": "heroes in film ranking. The character also appears in the film's several sequels and spin-offs, as well as her own live-action television series. American actress Susan Egan originated the role of Belle in the Broadway musical adaptation of the film, for which she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical. Emma Watson plays a live-action version of the character in a 2017 live action adaptation of the original 1991 film. After the success of Walt Disney Productions' first feature-length animated film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\" (1937), filmmaker Walt Disney himself made several attempts",
"title": "Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"
},
{
"id": "4410972",
"text": "the box office and closed after just seven weeks. In 2015, Condon directed \"Mr. Holmes\" starring Ian McKellen. Condon noted its similarity to \"Gods and Monsters\", not only because of its lead actor but because \"Both movies are about aging and mortality. You have a celebrated man facing the decline of his public image.\" Condon directed the 2017 live action film adaptation of the animated 1991 film \"Beauty and the Beast\". A few weeks before the film's scheduled release on March 17, 2017, Condon announced that one character, LeFou, has \"a nice, exclusively gay moment\", which resulted in an \"internet",
"title": "Bill Condon"
},
{
"id": "3135254",
"text": "practices Transcendental Meditation. Robby Benson Robin David Segal (born January 21, 1956), known by the stage name Robby Benson, is an American actor, voice actor, musician, singer, director, producer and educator. He is known as the voice of Beast in the Disney animated film \"Beauty and the Beast\" and its numerous sequels and spin-offs, and directed several episodes of the sitcom \"Friends\". Benson was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Freda Ann (\"née\" Benson), a singer, actor, and business promotions manager, and Jerry Segal, a writer. His family is Jewish. Benson was raised in New York City and took",
"title": "Robby Benson"
},
{
"id": "18553309",
"text": "the time the film's release was 10 days away, analysts raised projections to as high as $150 million. It earned $16.3 million from Thursday previews night, marking the biggest of 2017 (breaking \"Logan\"'s record), the biggest ever for a Disney live-action film (breaking \"Maleficent\"'s record), the second-biggest ever for both a G- or PG-rated film (behind the sixth \"Harry Potter\" film \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\" which also starred Watson), and the third-biggest ever in the month of March (behind \"\" and \"The Hunger Games\"). An estimated 41% of the gross came from IMAX, 3D and premium large format",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "20084386",
"text": "did not feel it \"len[t] itself to the process\". A version of \"Evermore\" performed by Josh Groban was ultimately chosen as a single. Before the film's debut and the soundtrack's release, a series of nail polishes was released; a yellow nail polish was named after the song. \"Days in the Sun\" was released on March 10, 2017, as a track on the \"Beauty and the Beast\" soundtrack; it was made available as an audio CD and a digital download. It is performed by Adam Mitchell as the young Beast, Emma Watson as Belle, and Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw,",
"title": "Days in the Sun"
},
{
"id": "18553343",
"text": "the new songs were \"not transporting\". He felt the film needed more life and depth, but praised Watson's performance as the \"one of the film's stronger elements\". Dana Schwartz of \"The New York Observer\" felt that some of the characters, such as Gaston and the Beast, had been watered down from the 1991 film, and that the additional backstory elements failed to \"advance the plot or theme in any meaningful way\" while adding considerable bloat. Schwartz considered the singing of the cast to be adequate but felt that their voices should have been dubbed over, especially for the complex songs.",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553317",
"text": "is the third-smallest drop for any film opening above $125 million (behind \"Finding Dory\" and \"The Force Awakens\"). The hold was notable considering how the film was able to fend off three new wide releases: \"Power Rangers\", \"Life\", and \"CHiPs\". As a result, it passed the $300 million threshold becoming the first film of 2017 the pass said mark. The film grossed $45.4 million in its third weekend, finally being overtaken for the top spot by newcomer \"The Boss Baby\" ($50.2 million). On April 4, 2017, its nineteenth day of release, it passed the $400 million threshold becoming the first",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "6915919",
"text": "Beast\" also launched Dion's career and established her as a bankable recording artist. After \"Beauty and the Beast\" became the first Disney song to undergo a complete pop transformation, several contemporary artists were inspired to release their own radio-friendly renditions of Disney songs throughout the decade. Considered to be among Disney's best and most popular songs, \"Beauty and the Beast\" has since been covered by numerous artists. In 2004, the American Film Institute officially recognized \"Beauty and the Beast\" as one of the greatest songs in film history, ranking it 62nd. The song is also featured in the 2017 live-action",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)"
},
{
"id": "4159114",
"text": "at Emerson's Bar and Grill\" for HBO in which McDonald portrayed jazz legend Billie Holiday. She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program in 2015 for her work hosting the program \"Live from Lincoln Center\". On film she is best known for her portrayals of Maureen in \"Ricki and the Flash\" (2015) opposite Meryl Streep and Madame de Garderobe in the 2017 film version of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\". She has been nominated five times for the NAACP Image Awards for her work in television and film. McDonald was born in West Berlin, Germany, the daughter",
"title": "Audra McDonald"
},
{
"id": "18553315",
"text": "from audiences, good reviews from critics, effective marketing which sold the title not just as a family film but also as a romantic drama, the cast's star power (especially Emma Watson), lack of competition, being the first family film since \"The Lego Batman Movie\" a month earlier, nostalgia, and the success and ubiquity of the first film and Disney's brand. On Monday, its fourth day of release, the film fell precipitously by 72% earning $13.5 million. The steep fall was due to a limited marketplace where only 11% K-12 and 15% colleges were off per ComScore. Nevertheless, it is the",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "1208692",
"text": "Tucci, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw joined the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, and Plumette, respectively. Composer Alan Menken returned to score the film's music, with new material written by Menken and Tim Rice. In June 2015, Menken said the film would not include the songs that were written for the Broadway musical. Filming began on May 18, 2015 in London, and production officially wrapped in August 2015. The film was released on March 17, 2017. \"Beauty and the Beast\" merchandise cover a wide variety of products, among them storybook versions of the film's story, a comic book based on the film",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553351",
"text": "not model healthy romantic relationships for young viewers. Constance Grady of Vox writes that Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont's \"Beauty and the Beast\" was a fairy tale originally written to prepare young girls in 18th-century France for arranged marriages, and that the power disparity is amplified in the Disney version. Anna Menta of \"Elite Daily\" argued that the Beast does not apologize to Belle for imprisoning, hurting, or manipulating her, and his treatment of Belle is not painted as wrong. Beauty and the Beast (2017 film) Beauty and the Beast is a 2017 American musical romantic fantasy film directed by Bill",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "7125792",
"text": "Eden (born 2016), and a son, Aubrey (born 2012). Actress Rebecca Hall is godmother to his daughter Willow. Stevens endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders for President in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Dan Stevens Daniel Jonathan Stevens (born 10 October 1982) is an English actor. He first drew international attention for his role as Matthew Crawley in the ITV acclaimed period drama series \"Downton Abbey\" (2010–12). He also starred as David in the thriller film \"The Guest\" (2014), Sir Lancelot in the adventure film \"\" (2014), The Beast/Prince in Disney's live action adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), Lorin Willis",
"title": "Dan Stevens"
},
{
"id": "18553295",
"text": "were mistakenly featured in the original theatrical release's credits, but was later corrected in home releases. When released in 1991, \"Beauty and the Beast\", marked a turning point for Walt Disney Pictures by appealing to millions of fans with its Oscar-winning musical score by lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken. In Bill Condon's opinion, that original score was the key reason he agreed to direct a live-action version of the movie. \"That score had more to reveal\", he says, \"You look at the songs and there's not a clunker in the group. In fact, Frank Rich described it as",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553308",
"text": "of the $425 million gross ($760 million in 2017 dollars) of the original film. \"Deadline Hollywood\" calculated the net profit of the film to be $414.7 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues, making it the second-most profitable release of 2017. In the United States and Canada, \"Beauty and the Beast\" topped Fandango's pre-sales and became the fastest-selling family film in the company's history, topping the studio's own animated film \"Finding Dory\" released the previous year. Early tracking had the film grossing around $100 million in its opening weekend, with some publications predicting it could reach $130 million. By",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "8316033",
"text": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast) The Beast is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). He also appears in the film's two direct-to-video followups \"\" and \"Belle's Magical World\". Based on the hero of the French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, the Beast was created by screenwriter Linda Woolverton and animated by Glen Keane. A pampered prince transformed into a hideous beast as punishment for his cold-hearted and selfish ways, the Beast must, in order to return to his former self, earn the love of a",
"title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"
},
{
"id": "20071668",
"text": "as \"Evermore\". After briefly considering Italian opera singer Andrea Bocelli, Leib suggested American singer Josh Groban because, in his opinion, the singer's \"voice is a natural fit for this showstopper of a composition.\" Having already known Groban personally, Menken texted the singer who immediately confirmed his interest. Groban recorded the song shortly after the studio made final arrangements with his manager. On January 26, 2017, Disney announced that Groban had recorded a cover of \"Evermore\" – still entitled \"For Evermore\", at the time – and revealed that his version would be included on the remake's soundtrack in addition to being",
"title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)"
},
{
"id": "4687394",
"text": "guest vocals on Kelly Clarkson's song \"Run Run Run\" for her album \"Piece by Piece\". He also co-wrote and provided vocals for French DJ David Guetta's song \"Listen,\" as part of the album \"Listen\". Legend released his new album \"Darkness and Light\", with first single \"Love Me Now,\" on December 2, 2016 with songs featuring Chance the Rapper and Miguel. For the 2017 film \"Beauty and the Beast\", Legend and Ariana Grande performed a duet on the title track, a remake of the 1991 original version sung by Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson. On December 19, 2017, NBC announced that",
"title": "John Legend"
},
{
"id": "18553304",
"text": "Golden Globe Awards. Disney released the final trailer on January 30, 2017. \"Beauty and the Beast\" was released on Blu-ray, DVD and Digital HD on June 6, 2017. The film debuted at No. 1 on the NPD VideoScan overall disc sales chart, with all other titles in the top 20, collectively, selling only 40% as many units as \"Beauty and the Beast\". The movie regained the top spot on the national home video sales charts during its third week of release. The movie became available on Netflix on September 19, 2017. \"Beauty and the Beast\" grossed $504 million in the",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553293",
"text": "puppeteering for the body and the physical orientation\", where actor Dan Stevens was \"in a forty-pound gray suit on stilts for much of the film\". The facial capture for the Beast was done separately in order to \"communicate the subtleties of the human face\" and \"[capture the] thought that occurs to him\" which gets \"through [to] the eyes, which are the last human element in the Beast.\" The castle servants who are transformed into household objects were created with CGI animation. Before the release of the film, Bill Condon refilmed one certain sequence in the \"Days of the Sun\" number,",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "11548195",
"text": "that we all can do this,\" she said. In 2017, Greenwood worked on Disney's live action version of \"Beauty and the Beast\", directed by Bill Condon and released in March, and the biopic \"Darkest Hour\", directed by Joe Wright; receiving Oscar nominations for both. Sarah Greenwood Sarah Greenwood is a British production designer. She has been nominated six times for an Academy Award – in 2006 for \"Pride & Prejudice\", in 2008 for \"Atonement\", in 2010 for \"Sherlock Holmes\", in 2013 for \"Anna Karenina\" and in 2018 for both \"Beauty and the Beast\", and \"Darkest Hour\". In 2013, she was",
"title": "Sarah Greenwood"
},
{
"id": "18553347",
"text": "from cinemas by National Cinema Company which owns most of the cinemas in the country. A board member of the company stated that the Ministry of Information's censorship department had requested it to stop its screening and edit it for things deemed offensive by it. The film also received criticism over its portrayal of LeFou, as many felt that it relied on stereotypes and was used as a way of teasing LGBT+ viewers without providing adequate representation. LeFou's status as a sidekick to the main villain brought about criticism over Disney's queercoding of villains in the past, and his infatuation",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553302",
"text": "New York and Los Angeles for a one-week engagement starting December 1, 2017. The move was an awards push as awards season heats up. Disney spent around $140 million to market the film worldwide. Following an announcement on May 22, 2016, Disney premiered the first official teaser trailer on \"Good Morning America\" the next day. In its first 24 hours, the teaser trailer reached 91.8 million views, which was the largest number ever seen for a trailer in that amount of time. This record has since been broken by \"\", \"It\" and \"\". The first official teaser poster was released",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553334",
"text": "Watson and Stevens, and wrote: \"It looks good, moves gracefully and leaves a clean and invigorating aftertaste. I almost didn't recognize the flavor: I think the name for it is joy.\" Likewise, \"The Washington Post\"s Ann Hornaday complimented Watson's performance, describing it as \"alert and solemn\" while noting her singing ability as \"serviceable enough to get the job done\". Richard Roeper of \"Chicago Sun-Times\" awarded the film three and a half stars, lauded the performances of Watson and Thompson which he drew a comparison to Paige O'Hara's and Angela Lansbury's performances in the 1991 animated version while appreciating the performances",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "7426460",
"text": "for the characters were provided by Sean Foot (Shaun) and Davina Lamont and additional works were done by National Film Award winners—Christien Tinsley and Dominie Till. In January 2015, Emma Watson announced that she would be portraying Belle in a live-action version of the film, which was released in 2017. \"Beauty and the Beast\" was the first of the Disney remakes in which an A-list actress portrays a Disney princess. As a feminist and model, Watson suggested several changes to the character in the live-action film. For costume design Watson rejected the traditional \"big princess dress\" and corset for the",
"title": "Belle (Beauty and the Beast)"
},
{
"id": "18553340",
"text": "faithful but entirely new and unique way elevating the material beyond expectations, establishing itself as a cinematic equal to the original\" and also complimented the importance of undertaking a renowned yet problematic masterpiece as well addressing changes in the elements of the story while acknowledging the film's effectiveness in resonating to the audiences. Stephen Whitty of the \"New York Daily News\" called it \"this year's best new old musical\" and \"the most magical thing of all\" while describing Watson's performance of Belle as \"breakthrough\". Several critics regarded the film as inferior to its 1991 animated predecessor. David Sims of \"The",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553330",
"text": "United Kingdom and Ireland, ahead of all but one \"Harry Potter\" film (\"Deathly Hallows – Part 2\") and all three \"The Lord of the Rings\" movies (which also starred Ian McKellen). It is currently the eighth-biggest grosser with £70.1 million ($90 million), overtaking \"Mamma Mia!\" to become the biggest musical production ever there. The biggest international earning markets following the UK are Japan ($108 million), China ($85.8 million), Brazil ($41.5 million), Korea ($37.5 million), and Australia ($35 million). In Europe alone, the cumulative total is $267 million, which led it to become the second-highest-grossing film in the past year (behind",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553323",
"text": "million), Russia ($6 million), and Spain ($5.8 million). In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the film recorded the biggest opening ever for a PG-rated film, the biggest Disney live-action opening of all time, the biggest March opening weekend, the biggest opening for a musical (ahead of 2012's \"Les Misérables\"), the number one opening of 2017 to date and the fifth-biggest-ever overall with £19.7 million ($24.5 million) from 639 theatres and almost twice that of \"The Jungle Book\" (£9.9 million). This included the second-biggest Saturday ever (£7.9 million), only behind \"\". It witnessed a decline in its second weekend, earning £12.33",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "2599773",
"text": "leading roles in Screen Gems horror-thriller film \"Patient Zero\", along with Matt Smith and Natalie Dormer. Tucci played the role of the composer Maestro Cadenza in the live-action remake of \"Beauty and the Beast\". Tucci played the husband of Dame Fiona Maye, a British High Court judge, opposite Emma Thompson in \"The Children Act\", based on the novel by Ian McEwan (2017). Tucci's first wife, Kathryn \"Kate\" Tucci (b. 1962), died of breast cancer in 2009. She was a social worker and former wife of actor and stage manager Alexander R. Scott, the elder son of actors Colleen Dewhurst and",
"title": "Stanley Tucci"
},
{
"id": "8316073",
"text": "the villagers. Beast (Beauty and the Beast) The Beast is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Animation Studios' 30th animated feature film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991). He also appears in the film's two direct-to-video followups \"\" and \"Belle's Magical World\". Based on the hero of the French fairy tale by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, the Beast was created by screenwriter Linda Woolverton and animated by Glen Keane. A pampered prince transformed into a hideous beast as punishment for his cold-hearted and selfish ways, the Beast must, in order to return to his former self, earn the love",
"title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"
},
{
"id": "1208691",
"text": "the Menken/Rice songs from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the film as a \"straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical\". In September 2014, it was announced that Stephen Chbosky (\"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\") would re-write the script. In January 2015, Emma Watson announced on her Facebook page that she would portray Belle in the new live action remake film. In March 2015, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Josh Gad, Audra McDonald, and Kevin Kline joined the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, Lefou, Garderobe, and Maurice, respectively. The following month, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor, Stanley",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)"
},
{
"id": "8316067",
"text": "the events that occurred between \"Kingdom Hearts\" and \"Kingdom Hearts II\", such as Belle and Beast attempting to resume their normal lives and Beast's first encounter with Xaldin. The Beast appears in the Broadway musical adaptation of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", originally portrayed by Terrence Mann. Other actors who have taken on the role include Chuck Wagner (1997), James Barbour (1998), Jeff McCarthy (2004), and Steve Blanchard. The movie and others never made mention of his real name. A CD-ROM game said \"The Prince's name is Adam.\" In the 2011 ABC series \"Once Upon a Time\", the show's version",
"title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"
},
{
"id": "16247433",
"text": "on June 2, 2016, before concluding on September 15, 2016. Sherri Cooper-Landsman, Jennifer Levin, Ron Koslow, Gary Fleder, Paul Junger Witt, Frank Siracusa, Tony Thomas, John Weber, Bill Haber, C. Anthony Thomas and current showruner Brad Kern have served as executive producers. Roger Grant, Kevin Lafferty, Thom J. Pretak, Mairzee Almas and Michael J. Maschio serve as producers. Other producers on the show include Stuart Gillard, John A. Norris, Holly Henderson, Don Whitehead, Courtney Kemp Agboh, and Eric Tuchman as co-executive producers; Bill Goddard, Blair Singer, and Melissa Glenn as co-producers; Sean Sforza, Julie Lawrence, Kyle MacDonald, and Larry Goldstein",
"title": "Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series)"
},
{
"id": "1478947",
"text": "Best Picture nomination: \"Mary Poppins\" (1964), \"Beauty and the Beast\" (1991), \"Up\" (2009), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010). Walt Disney Pictures has produced four films that have grossed over $1 billion at the worldwide box office: \"\" (2006), \"Alice in Wonderland\" (2010), \"\" (2011), and \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017); and has released five animated films that have reached that milestone: \"Toy Story 3\" (2010), \"Frozen\" (2013), \"Zootopia\", \"Finding Dory\" (both 2016), and \"Incredibles 2\" (2018). —Includes theatrical reissue(s). Walt Disney Pictures Walt Disney Pictures, formally known as Buena Vista Pictures, is an American film studio and a subsidiary of",
"title": "Walt Disney Pictures"
},
{
"id": "18553305",
"text": "United States and Canada and $759.5 million in other countries for a worldwide gross of $1.263 billion. With a production budget of $254 million, it is the most expensive musical ever made. In just ten days, it became the highest-grossing live-action musical of all time, beating the nine-year-old record held by \"Mamma Mia!\". It is currently the second-biggest musical ever overall, behind Disney's \"Frozen\" (2013). Worldwide, the film proved to be a global phenomenon, earning a total of $357 million over its four-day opening weekend from 56 markets. Critics said the film was playing like superhero movies amongst women. It",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553296",
"text": "the best Broadway musical of 1991. The animated version was already darker and more modern than the previous Disney fairytales. Take that vision, put it into a new medium, make it a radical reinvention, something not just for the stage because it's not just being literal, now other elements come into play. It's not just having real actors do it\". Condon initially prepared on only drawing inspiration from the original film, but he also planned to include most of the songs composed by Alan Menken, Howard Ashman and Tim Rice from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553288",
"text": "same year, Stephen Chbosky (who had previously directed Watson in \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\") was hired to re-write the script. Before Condon was hired to direct the film, Disney approached him with a proposal to remake the film in a more radical way as Universal Studios had remade \"Snow White and the Huntsman\" (2012). Condon later explained that \"after \"Frozen\" opened, the studio saw that there was this big international audience for an old-school-musical approach. But initially, they said, 'We're interested in a musical to a degree, but only half full of songs.' My interest was taking that",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553339",
"text": "also praised the film for its emotional and psychological tone as well Steven's motion capture performance. Tim Robey of \"The Daily Telegraph\" gave the film four stars out of five and wrote that \"It dazzles on this chocolate box of a picture that feels almost greedy yet to make this film work, down to a sugar-rush finale to grasp the nettle and make an out-an-out, bells-and-whistles musical\" while he praised the performances of Watson, McKellen, Thompson, McGregor, Evans and Gad. Mark Hughes of \"Forbes\" also similarly praised the film which he wrote that \"it could revive the story in a",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "3135251",
"text": "Benson also starred in the movie \"Tribute\" opposite Jack Lemmon. In 1981, he costarred in the film \"The Chosen\", based on the book of the same name by Chaim Potok. \"The New York Times\" gave the film a mixed review, but noted that Benson's character was \"full of a gentle inquisitiveness that cannot help but win the audience's sympathy.\" Benson played Olympic 10,000-meter gold medalist Billy Mills in the 1983 film \"Running Brave\". In 1991, he starred as the voice of Beast in the acclaimed animated Disney film \"Beauty and the Beast\". Later in the 1990s he voiced lead character",
"title": "Robby Benson"
},
{
"id": "18545310",
"text": "series \"Reward\" (Bulgarian: Отплата) at Nova TV. In 2014, he played the leading role in Nikolay Iliev's movie \"Living Legends\" (Bulgarian: Живи Легенди). In 2016, he synchronized the leading role of the dog Max, in new Disney movie called \"The Secret Life of Pets\" (Bulgarian: Тайният живот на домашните любимци), on cinemas in August 2016. In 2017 Orlin Pavlov is going to synchronize the leading role as the Beast in new Disney movie \"Beauty and the Beast\" (Bulgarian: Красавицата и Звяра), in cinemas from 17 March. Orlin Pavlov Orlin Orlinov Pavlov (born April 23, 1979) (Bulgarian Cyrillic: Орлин Орлинов Павлов)",
"title": "Orlin Pavlov"
},
{
"id": "18553337",
"text": "Menken and Tim Rice, particularly \"Evermore\" which he described the new song with a potential for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. Peter Travers of \"Rolling Stone\" rated the film three out of four stars which he deemed it as an \"exhilarating gift\" while he remarked that \"\"Beauty and the Beast\" does justice to Disney's animated classic, even if some of the magic is M.I.A (Missing in Action)\". Stephanie Zacharek of \"Time\" magazine gave a positive review with a description as \"Wild, Vivid and Crazy-Beautiful\" as she wrote \"Nearly everything about \"Beauty and the Beast\" is larger than life,",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "20071670",
"text": "shared on Twitter. Groban's version was released as the second single from \"Beauty and the Beast\"'s soundtrack on March 3, 2017, several days before the album, on which Stevens' original rendition appears, was released. Groban promoted the song with a performance on \"Good Morning America\" on March 14, 2017. The occasion marked both the song's first televised performance, as well as the first time an original song from the remake was performed live on television. Musically, Groban's single remains a \"Broadway-like\" operatic pop ballad that features the same lyrics, beginning \"I was the one who had it all\". Written in",
"title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)"
},
{
"id": "20071669",
"text": "played during the film's end credits. Groban released a statement, saying: \"I am honored to sing this beautiful new song by two of my absolute favorites, Alan Menken and Tim Rice. \"Beauty and the Beast\" has been with me since my childhood and to have a musical connection to this new film makes me so happy.\" The announcement coincided with the studio's release of a new promotional poster for the film, which Disney allowed the singer to premiere using his official Twitter account. A 30-second sample of the track was uploaded to SoundCloud on February 14, 2017, which Groban also",
"title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)"
},
{
"id": "10558127",
"text": "in Lars Von Trier's controversial \"Manderlay\". He appeared in the 2017 live-action remake of Beauty and the Beast as Cuisinier – the castle's head chef who has been transformed into a stove. While a student at the Guildhall School, played Wally Watkins in a production of \"Lady Be Good\", which caused the Opera critic to note \"one of two potential stars in the cast\" who \"sang the title song most winningly and rattled off the acres of daffy dialogue with the aplomb and timing of a Durante\". In 1992, Rowe was nominated for an Olivier Award for his performance as",
"title": "Clive Rowe"
},
{
"id": "17897364",
"text": "in the live-action adaptation of \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017). Ian McKellen, roles and awards Ian McKellen (born 25 May 1939) is an English stage and screen actor. He is the recipient of six Laurence Olivier Awards, a Tony Award, a Golden Globe Award, two Academy Award nominations, four BAFTA nominations and five Emmy Award nominations. McKellen's work spans genres ranging from Shakespearean and modern theatre to popular fantasy and science fiction. His notable film roles include Gandalf in \"The Lord of the Rings\" and \"The Hobbit\" trilogies, Magneto in the \"X-Men\" films, Sir Leigh Teabing in \"The Da Vinci",
"title": "Ian McKellen, roles and awards"
},
{
"id": "12566281",
"text": "and Julia Roberts in \"\", which was based on Tracy Letts's Pulitzer Prize-winning . McGregor starred in the action comedy film \"Mortdecai\" (2015), alongside Johnny Depp and Paul Bettany. Robbie Collin of \"The Daily Telegraph\" felt the film was \"psychotically unfunny\". He made his directorial debut with \"American Pastoral\" (2016), in which he also starred. In 2017, he reprised his role as Mark Renton in \"T2 Trainspotting\". McGregor played Lumiere in the live action adaptation of Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\", directed by Bill Condon with an ensemble cast featuring Emma Watson in a leading role alongside Dan Stevens, Luke",
"title": "Ewan McGregor"
},
{
"id": "19023171",
"text": "intern. In 2014, Spiliotopoulos re-wrote the screenplay for the action-adventure fantasy film \"Hercules\", original written by Ryan J. Condal. Brett Ratner directed the film which released on July 25, 2014 by Paramount Pictures. Spiliotopoulos wrote the screenplay of action-adventure fantasy film \"\", along with Craig Mazin, and rewritten by Frank Darabont. Cedric Nicolas-Troyan directed the film, which was released on April 22, 2016 by Universal Pictures. Spiliotopoulos and Stephen Chbosky wrote Walt Disney Pictures' live action musical romantic fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\", which was directed by Bill Condon. The film was released on March 17, 2017. In the",
"title": "Evan Spiliotopoulos"
},
{
"id": "18553313",
"text": "biggest outside of summer, save for \"\", not accounting for inflation. It became the forty-third film to debut with over $100 million and the fifteenth film to open above $150 million. Its three-day opening alone surpassed the entire original North American run of the first film ($146 million; before the 3D re-release), instantly becoming the second-biggest film of the year, behind \"Logan\" ($184 million), and also the second-highest-grossing musical, behind \"Grease\"'s $188 million cumulative gross in 1978. Seventy percent of the total ticket sales came from 2D showings signifying that people who don't go to theaters frequently came out in",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "20071656",
"text": "the instrumentation, to \"melted-chocolate\", gradually becoming more human-sounding as the song progresses. Belting comfortably, Stevens' voice has been compared to that of Terrence Man, the actor who originated the role of the Beast in the Broadway adaptation and recorded \"If I Can't Love Her\". Mumbling slightly, Stevens begin the song using a more \"guttural\" part of his voice in an effort to impersonate the sound of a beast before the song truly progresses into \"a soaring love ballad\". Some traces of Auto-Tune can be heard in Stevens' performance. When Disney released the film's first official trailer in November 2016, \"Billboard\"'s",
"title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)"
},
{
"id": "18553332",
"text": "Beast\" offers a faithful yet fresh retelling that honors its beloved source material.\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 65 out of 100, based on 47 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". In CinemaScore polls, audiences gave the film an average grade of \"A\" on an A+ to F scale. Leslie Felperin of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" wrote: \"It's a Michelin-triple-starred master class in patisserie skills that transforms the cinematic equivalent of a sugar rush into a kind of crystal-meth-like narcotic high that lasts about two hours.\" Felperin also praised the performances of Watson and Kline as well the special",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "20071657",
"text": "Taylor Weatherby ranked \"Evermore\" fifth on the magazine's ranking of \"6 Songs We're Most Excited to Hear\" from the remake. Stevens' version of \"Evermore\" was released on March 10, 2017 as a track on the \"Beauty and the Beast\" soundtrack. Menken's demo version of the song is included on deluxe editions of the album. \"Evermore\" has garnered positive reviews from both film and music critics, becoming \"a fan favorite\" among the film's new musical additions. Vulture.com's Sarah Caldwell commended the studio's decision to have a new musical number immediately follow \"Beauty and the Beast\", the song for which the film",
"title": "Evermore (Beauty and the Beast song)"
},
{
"id": "12566271",
"text": "Copperbottom in \"Robots\" (2005), Camerlengo Father Patrick McKenna in \"Angels and Demons\" (2009), \"the ghost\" in Roman Polanski's political thriller \"The Ghost Writer\" (2010), Dr. Alfred Jones in the romantic comedy-drama \"Salmon Fishing in the Yemen\" (2011), Lumière in a live-action adaptation of the musical romantic fantasy \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), and the adult version of the titular character in the fantasy comedy-drama \"Christopher Robin\" (2018). In 2018, McGregor won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film for his performance as brothers in the third season of FX anthology series \"Fargo\", and received Golden",
"title": "Ewan McGregor"
},
{
"id": "20010995",
"text": "in category Original Song - Sci-Fi, Fantasy, Horror Film. It was also nominated in the Original Song — Animated Film category. How Does a Moment Last Forever \"How Does a Moment Last Forever\" is a song written by lyricist Tim Rice and composer Alan Menken for the Disney live action film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a remake of the animated musical of the same name. This Broadway-inspired ballad is performed in the movie by American actor Kevin Kline in his role as Maurice. It describes the relationship between his character and that of his wife, Belle's deceased mother. Later",
"title": "How Does a Moment Last Forever"
},
{
"id": "18070425",
"text": "Gaston (song) \"Gaston\" is a song from the 1991 Disney animated film \"Beauty and the Beast\". A short reprise is performed later in the musical. It is sung by Jesse Corti and Richard White in their voice roles of Le Fou and Gaston, respectively. The song also appears in the 2017 live-action remake, where it is again performed by the characters of LeFou and Gaston, played by Josh Gad and Luke Evans, respectively. \"Gaston\" sees Gaston and the village people singing about how great he is, in an effort to cheer him up after Belle's rejection. Gaston's talent ranges from",
"title": "Gaston (song)"
},
{
"id": "18553342",
"text": "he praised Kline's performance as the \"best, sweetest thing in the movie; he brings a sense of calm, droll authority\". Peter Bradshaw of \"The Guardian\" praised Watson's performance and wrote that the film was \"lit in that fascinatingly artificial honey-glow light, and it runs smoothly on rails—the kind of rails that bring in and out the stage sets for the lucrative Broadway touring version.\" In the same newspaper, Wendy Ide criticized the film as \"ornate to the point of desperation\" in its attempt to emulate the animated film. Chris Nashawaty of \"Entertainment Weekly\" gave the film a B-, writing that",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553303",
"text": "on July 7, 2016. On November 2, 2016, \"Entertainment Weekly\" debuted the first official image on the cover of their magazine, along with nine new photos. One week later, Emma Watson and Disney debuted a new poster. On November 14, 2016, the first theatrical trailer was released, again on \"Good Morning America\". This reached 127.6 million views in its first 24 hours, setting a new record for the most views in one day, beating \"Fifty Shades Darker\"; this record has since been broken by \"The Fate of the Furious\". A TV spot with Watson singing was shown during the 74th",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18553341",
"text": "Atlantic\" wrote that the 2017 film \"feels particularly egregious, in part, because it's so slavishly devoted to the original; every time it falls short of its predecessor (which is quite often), it's hard not to notice\". Michael Phillips of the \"Chicago Tribune\" said that the 2017 film \"takes our knowledge and our interest in the material for granted. It zips from one number to another, throwing a ton of frenetically edited eye candy at the screen, charmlessly.\" Phillips wrote that the film featured some \"less conspicuously talented\" performers who are \"stuck doing karaoke, or motion-capture work of middling quality\", though",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "16247435",
"text": "Stuart Gillard, Steven A. Adelson, Morris Claiborne, Mairzee Almas, Bradley Walsh, Fred Gerber, Kevin Fair, Mike Rohl, Gary Fleder, Paul Fox, P.J. Pesce, Paul A. Kaufman, Scott Peters, Jeff Renfroe, Michael Robison, Lee Rose, Rick Rosenthal, Bobby Roth, Norma Bailey, Grant Harvey, Allan Kroeker, Rich Newey, and Sudz Sutherland. Casting announcements began in February 2012, when Kristin Kreuk was first cast in the lead role of Catherine Chandler. Austin Basis was then cast in the role of J.T. Forbes, Vincent's best friend. Nina Lisandrello and Nicole Gale Anderson were then added to the cast, with Lisandrello landing the role of",
"title": "Beauty & the Beast (2012 TV series)"
},
{
"id": "8316036",
"text": "of a gorilla, tusks of a wild boar, legs and tail of a wolf, and body of a bear. However, he felt it important that the Beast's eyes remain human. In fear that Glen Keane would design the Beast to resemble voice actor Robby Benson, Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg did not allow Keane to see Benson during production of the film. The Beast is not of any one species of animal, but a chimera (a mixture of several animals), who would probably be classified as a carnivore overall. He has the head structure and horns of a buffalo,",
"title": "Beast (Beauty and the Beast)"
},
{
"id": "18553310",
"text": "screenings which began at 6 pm, while the rest—59%—came from regular 2D shows which began at 7 pm. The numbers were considered more impressive given that the film played during a school week. On its opening day, the film made $63.8 million from 4,210 theaters across 9,200 screens, marking the third biggest in the month of March, trailing behind \"Batman v Superman\" ($81.5 million) and \"The Hunger Games\" ($67 million). It was also the biggest opening day ever for a film that wasn't PG-13, displacing the $58 million opening Wednesday of \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\". Its opening day",
"title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)"
}
] | who does the voice of the beast in beauty and the beast 2017 |
|
| [
{
"id": "7374919",
"text": "Ten Pound Poms Ten Pound Poms (or Ten Pound tourists) is a colloquial term used in Australia and New Zealand to describe British citizens who migrated to Australia and New Zealand after the Second World War. The Government of Australia initiated the Assisted Passage Migration Scheme in 1945, and the Government of New Zealand initiated a similar scheme in July 1947. Ten Pound poms were called that because they only had to pay £10 in processing fees to migrate to Australia and the Commonwealth arranged for assisted passage on chartered ships and aircraft. The Assisted Passage Migration Scheme was created",
"title": "Ten Pound Poms"
},
{
"id": "7374920",
"text": "in 1945 by the Chifley Government and its first Minister for Immigration, Arthur Calwell, as part of the \"Populate or Perish\" policy. It was intended to substantially increase the population of Australia and to supply workers for the country's booming industries. In return for subsidising the cost of travelling to Australia—adult migrants were charged only ten pounds sterling for the fare (hence the name; in 1945 pounds, ), and migrant scheme children travelled free of charge—the Government promised employment prospects, affordable housing and a generally more optimistic lifestyle. Upon arrival, migrants were placed in basic migration hostels and the expected",
"title": "Ten Pound Poms"
},
{
"id": "7374921",
"text": "job opportunities were not always readily available. It was a follow-on to the unofficial Big Brother Movement and attracted over one million migrants from the British Isles between 1945 and 1972, representing the last substantial scheme for preferential migration from the British Isles to Australia. In 1957, more migrants were encouraged to travel following a campaign called \"Bring out a Briton\". Coming to an end in 1982, the scheme reached its peak in 1969; during this year over 80,000 migrants took advantage of the scheme. The cost to migrants of the assisted passage was increased to £75 in 1973 ().",
"title": "Ten Pound Poms"
},
{
"id": "7374922",
"text": "While the term \"Ten Pound Pom\" is in common use, the scheme was not limited to migrants from the United Kingdom. Persons born in the Irish Free State or in the southern counties of Ireland prior to the establishment of the Republic of Ireland in 1949 were also classified as British subjects. In fact most British subjects were eligible and, at the time, that included not only those from the British Isles but also residents of British colonies such as Malta and Cyprus. Australia also operated schemes to assist selected migrants from other countries, notably the Netherlands (1951), Italy (1951),",
"title": "Ten Pound Poms"
},
{
"id": "7374925",
"text": "of New Zealand initiated a similar immigration scheme in July 1947. The first immigrants arrived on the RMS \"Rangitata\" later that year. The scheme was administered by the Department of Labour under the guidance of Bert Bockett, and was expanded to include the Netherlands in 1950. The Dutch immigration scheme finished in 1963, with just over 6,000 immigrants to New Zealand; with Bockett receiving the Olivier van Noort medallion from the Dutch government in the following year. The British immigration scheme lasted until 1971, with 76,673 immigrants. From 1957 to 1971, the scheme applied to further European countries, with a",
"title": "Ten Pound Poms"
},
{
"id": "7374926",
"text": "total of 1,442 immigrants. Prime Minister Julia Gillard migrated with her family from Barry, Glamorgan, Wales in 1966. Her parents hoped the warmer climate would help cure her lung infection. Another Prime Minister, Tony Abbott, migrated in 1960 under the scheme, although his father had already lived in Australia after arriving at the beginning of the Second World War on a Blue Funnel Liner, and his mother was an Australian expatriate living in Britain at the time of his birth. England fast bowlers Harold Larwood (in 1950) and Frank Tyson (in 1960) also took advantage of the scheme when they",
"title": "Ten Pound Poms"
},
{
"id": "3973617",
"text": "of displaced Europeans migrated to Australia and over 1,000,000 British subjects immigrated under the Assisted Passage Migration Scheme, colloquially becoming known as Ten Pound Poms. The scheme initially targeted citizens of all Commonwealth countries; after the war it gradually extended to other countries such as the Netherlands and Italy. The qualifications were straightforward: migrants needed to be in sound health and under the age of 45 years. There were initially no skill restrictions, although under the White Australia Policy, people from mixed-race backgrounds found it very difficult to take advantage of the scheme. In the 1970s, multiculturalism largely displaced cultural",
"title": "Immigration to Australia"
},
{
"id": "7374923",
"text": "Greece (1952), West Germany (1952) and Turkey (1967). Assisted migrants were generally obliged to remain in Australia for two years after arrival, or alternatively refund the cost of their assisted passage. If they chose to travel back to Britain, the cost of the journey was at least £120 (in 1945 pounds, ), a large sum in those days and one that most could not afford. It was also possible for many British people to migrate to Australia on a non-assisted basis before the early 1970s, although most travelled as Ten Pounders. This was part of the wider White Australia policy.",
"title": "Ten Pound Poms"
},
{
"id": "16287667",
"text": "Bert Bockett Herbert Leslie Bockett (29 June 1905 – 17 October 1980) was a New Zealand public servant. He was born on 29 June 1905. Bockett was responsible for New Zealand's assisted immigration scheme that first attracted British people colloquially known as \"Ten Pound Poms\" but was later expanded to cover other European countries. In the 1961 New Year Honours, Bockett was appointed as a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, in recognition of his service as Secretary of Labour and Director of Employment. On 30 March 1965, Bockett was appointed as an Officer of the",
"title": "Bert Bockett"
},
{
"id": "16287668",
"text": "Order of St John and on 19 April 1968 was promoted to Commander of the same order. Bert Bockett Herbert Leslie Bockett (29 June 1905 – 17 October 1980) was a New Zealand public servant. He was born on 29 June 1905. Bockett was responsible for New Zealand's assisted immigration scheme that first attracted British people colloquially known as \"Ten Pound Poms\" but was later expanded to cover other European countries. In the 1961 New Year Honours, Bockett was appointed as a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George, in recognition of his service as Secretary of",
"title": "Bert Bockett"
},
{
"id": "7374924",
"text": "An estimated quarter of those British migrants returned to the UK within the qualifying period, however, half of these—the so-called \"Boomerang Poms\"—returned to Australia. Before 1 December 1973, migrants to Australia from Commonwealth countries were eligible to apply for Australian citizenship after one year's residence in Australia. In 1973 the residence requirement was extended to three years, then reduced to two years in November 1984. However, relatively few British migrants—compared to other post-war arrivals, such as Italians, Greeks and Turks—took up Australian citizenship. Consequently, many may have lost their Australian residency status later on, usually through leaving Australia. The Government",
"title": "Ten Pound Poms"
},
{
"id": "7374929",
"text": "moved to Australia with his family in 1950. Rugby League Player and actor Ian Roberts moved to Sydney with his family in 1967. According to Roberts, he \"was brought up in an English household and Australia existed outside the front door.” A. James Hammerton and Alistair Thomson, \"Ten pound Poms: Australia's invisible migrants\", Manchester University Press, Manchester and New York, 2005. Ten Pound Poms Ten Pound Poms (or Ten Pound tourists) is a colloquial term used in Australia and New Zealand to describe British citizens who migrated to Australia and New Zealand after the Second World War. The Government of",
"title": "Ten Pound Poms"
},
{
"id": "1937624",
"text": "Irish issues were unaffected, with issues in denominations of £1, £5, £10, £20, £50 and £100. The Bank of England reintroduced £10 notes in 1964. In 1969, the 10/- note was replaced by the 50p coin to prepare for decimalisation. £20 Bank of England notes were reintroduced in 1970, followed by £50 in 1981. A £1 coin was introduced in 1983, and Bank of England £1 notes were withdrawn in 1988. Scottish and Northern Irish banks followed, with only the Royal Bank of Scotland continuing to issue this denomination. UK notes include raised print (e.g. on the words \"Bank of",
"title": "Pound sterling"
},
{
"id": "7374928",
"text": "brothers Malcolm Young and Angus Young formed the twin guitars of AC/DC, with another immigrated Scotsman Bon Scott who, after his untimely death, was replaced by UK transplant Brian Johnson (not an assisted passage participant). Malcolm (after being diagnosed with a severe memory loss disorder) was replaced by nephew Stevie Young, who had travelled on the same flight to Australia in 1963 as his uncles George, Malcolm and Angus. Grace McNeil (née Greenwood) and Christopher John Jackman, a Cambridge-trained accountant, migrated to Australia in 1967 where their son, Hugh Jackman, was born in Sydney, New South Wales. Businessman Alan Bond",
"title": "Ten Pound Poms"
},
{
"id": "12292630",
"text": "the Thames jointly by the PLA and the London Midland and Scottish Railway, with rail connections. It was opened in May 1930 by Ramsay MacDonald. Tilbury operated as London's passenger liner terminal until the 1960s. For many people Tilbury was their point of emigration to Australia under an assisted passage scheme established and operated by the Australian Government. The 'Ten Pound Poms' as they were known in Australia, embarked on to ships such as RMS Mooltan and set off for a new life. Tilbury was also a port of entry for many immigrants; among them being a large group of",
"title": "Port of Tilbury"
},
{
"id": "7374927",
"text": "retired from cricket. The Bee Gees (Gibb brothers) spent their first few years in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester, England, then moved in the late 1950s to Redcliffe in Queensland, where they began their musical careers. The five original members of the Easybeats migrated independently to meet in Sydney and take Australia by storm with 'Easyfever'. Lead singer Stevie Wright migrated from Leeds, England. Meanwhile, Harry Vanda migrated from the Hague, Netherlands and George Young migrated from Glasgow, Scotland to become the twin guitars and later the songwriting team that took the Easybeats to the world with Friday on My Mind. George's younger",
"title": "Ten Pound Poms"
},
{
"id": "16440943",
"text": "Hazel Phillips Hazel Julia Phillips () (born 17 November 1929) is an English Australian Gold Logie-award-winning singer, entertainer and television personality, with a notable career in Australia, and a career spanning every facet of the industry, including film, television, theatre, radio, cabaret and journalism. She has written several plays for stage. She was born in Wandsworth, London. At the age of 20, she became engaged to her husband Bill, and they emigrated to Australia as \"Ten Pound Poms\" in 1950–51, marrying shortly afterwards and having two children, Mark (born 1953) and Scott (born 1955). In 1961, the family was involved",
"title": "Hazel Phillips"
},
{
"id": "19478315",
"text": "Bank of England £10 note The Bank of England £10 note, also known as a tenner, is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the second-lowest denomination of banknote issued by the Bank of England. The current polymer note, first issued in 2017, bears the image of Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and the image of author Jane Austen on the reverse. The final cotton paper note featuring a portrait of naturalist Charles Darwin, first issued in 2000, was withdrawn from circulation on 1 March 2018, thereby replacing the cotton with a more fit material. Ten pound notes",
"title": "Bank of England £10 note"
},
{
"id": "13367157",
"text": "school dinners shortly after the programme aired. The programme prompted 271,677 people to sign an online petition on the Feed Me Better website, which was delivered to 10 Downing Street on 30 March 2005. As a result, the government added an extra £280 million ($316m USD) to help with the school meals plan. Currently fried foods are only allowed to be served twice a week and soft drinks are no longer available. The Department for Education and Skills created the School Food Trust, a £60 million initiative to provide support and advice to school administrators to improve the standard of",
"title": "Obesity in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "9156930",
"text": "passengers. Most of the outward traffic was Ministry of Transport emigration work, carrying \"Ten Pound Poms\" to Australia under an assisted passage scheme established and run by the Australian government. The return trips were filled with P&O's own passengers. In April 1949 the \"Mooltan\" arrived at Tilbury the day after a passenger, 69-year-old Richard Allen, had died. The cause was smallpox, but the passenger list gave his cause of death as chickenpox. For the next three days \"Mooltan\" was quarantined before any of her passengers or crew could disembark. In this time five more passengers died. On 18 November 1953",
"title": "RMS Mooltan"
},
{
"id": "4299619",
"text": "process of decimalization. In 1975, 10 and 20 pound notes were introduced, followed by 50 pounds in 1986. The 1 pound note was discontinued in 1988. In 1995, a new series of notes was introduced which, for the first time, bore the words \"pounds sterling\" rather than just \"pounds\". The government of Gibraltar introduced a new series of banknotes beginning with the 10 and 50 pound sterling notes issued on July 8, 2010. On May 11, 2011, the 5, 20 and 100 pound sterling notes were issued. Gibraltar pound The Gibraltar pound (currency sign: £; banking code: GIP) is the",
"title": "Gibraltar pound"
},
{
"id": "4973019",
"text": "from Key West, Florida to Havana; then it operated from Miami to Cuba until 1960. Eighty-five of the company's ships were sunk in the First World War and 179 in the Second World War. After 1945, the passenger market declined to India but boomed to Australia with the advent of paid-passages for literate & healthy European immigrants known as Ten Pound Poms. P&O built 15 large passenger liners, including , , , and , culminating in , its last & largest in 1961. By 1968 over 1 million immigrants had arrived—many via P&O—and Australia ended the program. P&O entered the",
"title": "P&O (company)"
},
{
"id": "3143592",
"text": "subject of close scrutiny from both the Executive Branch and Congress in the early 1980s. Major legislation in 1981 and 1982 enacted cutbacks including: Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) began in Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1984. Recognition of the severe domestic hunger problem in the latter half of the 1980s led to incremental expansions of the FSP in 1985 and 1987, such as elimination of sales tax on food stamp purchases, reinstitution of categorical eligibility, increased resource limit for most households ($2,000), eligibility for the homeless, and expanded nutrition education. The Hunger Prevention Act of 1988 and the Mickey Leland Memorial Domestic",
"title": "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program"
},
{
"id": "17184620",
"text": "On March 24, 2013 a snippet of the song and the cover art of their new single was revealed. The Jonas Brothers were present on On Air with Ryan Seacrest, April 2, and talked about the song, later premiered it for the first time on radio and afterwards talked about other projects and returning on tour in July. Bill Lamb of About.com gave the song a rating of 4.5 out of 5, praising the \"irresistibly addictive pop hook\" and \"fusion of jazz-rock\" of the song. On March 26, 2013 a preview of the music video was released online. The sneak",
"title": "Pom Poms (song)"
},
{
"id": "19621787",
"text": "Bank of Ireland £10 note The Bank of Ireland £10 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the second smallest denomination of banknote issued by the Bank of Ireland. The Bank of Ireland began issuing notes in 1783, the same year as the bank's founding. Early banknotes were denominations of the Irish Pound, but following that currency's abolition in 1826 banknotes produced by the Bank of Ireland were denominated in pounds sterling. These early banknotes were printed by the bank in Dublin, and featured a design with a row of Mercury heads across the top. This basic",
"title": "Bank of Ireland £10 note"
},
{
"id": "1937623",
"text": "English private banknotes were issued in 1921. In 1914, the Treasury introduced notes for 10/- and £1 to replace gold coins. These circulated until 1928, when they were replaced by Bank of England notes. Irish independence reduced the number of Irish banks issuing sterling notes to five operating in Northern Ireland. The Second World War had a drastic effect on the note production of the Bank of England. Fearful of mass forgery by the Nazis (see Operation Bernhard), all notes for £10 and above ceased production, leaving the bank to issue only 10/-, £1 and £5 notes. Scottish and Northern",
"title": "Pound sterling"
},
{
"id": "3203445",
"text": "allow.\" Since after the Restoration criminality was increasing, the dissatisfaction with the penal system led to the implementation of the rewards. £10 were promised to anyone who gave information about a robber or burglar and a pardon was also granted to convicts able to provide evidences against their accomplices. Between 1660 and 1692 Parliament introduced a series of statutes that offered rewards up to £40. Under William III the rewards became a systematic element in the fight against crime, an alternative to erase the most dangerous threats to the community. The first example of permanent reward was in 1692, when",
"title": "Bounty (reward)"
},
{
"id": "6073029",
"text": "that reported in 1818, and again in Parliament by Sir John Wrottesley in 1824. Another Royal Commission was set up 1838 by Chancellor of the Exchequer Thomas Spring Rice and it reported in 1841 that decimal coinage was required first. A third commission in 1853 advocated decimal coinage in the form £1 : 10 florins : 100 cents: 1000 mils. The first florins (one tenth of a pound sterling) were struck in 1849 as silver coins weighing and having a diameter of . An early supporter of the \"Decimal Association\" was the mathematician Augustus de Morgan whose articles supporting the",
"title": "Metrication in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "1450947",
"text": "common years beginning on Monday. 2017 is year 10 of the cycle. Approximately 10.71% of all years are common years beginning on Monday. Common year starting on Monday A common year starting on Monday is any non-leap year (i.e., a year with 365 days) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Monday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is G. The current year, 2018, is a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. The last such year was 2007 and the next such year will be 2029, or likewise, 2013 and 2019 in the obsolete Julian",
"title": "Common year starting on Monday"
},
{
"id": "1629656",
"text": "introduced in March 2017, reverted to In summary: In August 2005 the Royal Mint launched a competition to find new reverse designs for all circulating coins apart from the £2 coin. The winner, announced in April 2008, was Matthew Dent, whose designs were gradually introduced into the circulating British coinage from mid-2008. The designs for the 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p and 50p coins depict sections of the Royal Shield that form the whole shield when placed together. The shield in its entirety was featured on the £1 coin. The coin's obverse remained unchanged. The design of the reverse of",
"title": "One pound (British coin)"
},
{
"id": "6869350",
"text": "the mid-20th century. The British Coal Mines Regulation Act 1887 presented the first national legislation to protect horses working underground. Due to pressure from the National Equine Defense League (formerly the Pit Ponies' Protection Society) founded in 1908 by animal and human rights advocate Francis Albert Cox (June 24, 1862 – May 25, 1920) –and the Scottish Society to Promote Kindness to Pit Ponies; in 1911, a Royal Commission report was published, detailing conditions, which resulting in protective legislation. In 1904, the president of the Association for the Prevention of Cruelty to Pit Ponies, Countess Maud Fitzwlliam, daughter of Lawrence",
"title": "Pit pony"
},
{
"id": "515560",
"text": "from using nickel in coins from 2015. In 2016, the £1 coin design was changed from a round single metal design to a 12 sided bi-metal design, with a slightly larger diameter. <nowiki>*</nowiki> The specifications and dates of introduction of the 5p, 10p, and 50p coins refer to the current versions. These coins were originally issued in larger sizes in 1968 and 1969 respectively. †This coin was originally issued in a smaller size in a single metal in 1986 for special issues only. It was redesigned as a bi-metallic issue for general circulation in 1997. With their high copper content",
"title": "Coins of the pound sterling"
},
{
"id": "20381461",
"text": "10-Minute Walk The 10-Minute Walk, also known as the 10-Minute Walk to a Park, refers to a grassroots parks-advocacy movement to ensure that everyone in the United States lives within a ten-minute walk to a high-quality park or green space. The effort was adopted as a resolution at the 85th annual United States Conference of Mayors convention in 2017 as a goal for cities to increase parks and green space as a civic responsibility. The concept has been supported by several community-based nonprofit organizations including The Trust for Public Land, the National Recreation and Park Association, and the Urban Land",
"title": "10-Minute Walk"
},
{
"id": "4891587",
"text": "People's Budget The 1909/1910 People's Budget was a proposal of the Liberal government that introduced unprecedented taxes on the lands and high incomes of Britain's wealthy to fund new social welfare programmes. It passed the House of Commons in 1909 but was blocked by the House of Lords for a year and became law in April 1910. It was championed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, David Lloyd George, and his young ally Winston Churchill, who was then President of the Board of Trade and a fellow Liberal; called the \"Terrible Twins\" by certain Conservative contemporaries. Churchill's biographer, William Manchester,",
"title": "People's Budget"
},
{
"id": "1937586",
"text": "$2.80. The move prompted several other currencies to be devalued against the dollar. Operation Bernhard was the codename of a secret Nazi plan devised during the Second World War by the RSHA and the SS to destabilise the British economy via economic warfare by flooding the global economy and the British Empire with forged Bank of England £5, £10, £20, and £50 notes. In 1961, 1964, and 1966, the pound came under renewed pressure, as speculators were selling pounds for dollars. In summer 1966, with the value of the pound falling in the currency markets, exchange controls were tightened by",
"title": "Pound sterling"
},
{
"id": "2944348",
"text": "the first Prime Minister. In addition to the terms cited above, Robert Mugabe and his supporters were pressured into agreeing to wait ten years before instituting land reform. The three-month-long conference almost failed to reach an accord due to disagreements on land reform. Mugabe was pressured to sign, and land was the key stumbling block. Both the British and American governments offered to compensate white citizens for any land sold so as to aid reconciliation (the \"Willing buyer, Willing seller\" principle), and a fund was established to operate from 1980 to 1990. In 1980 the first phase of land reform,",
"title": "Lancaster House Agreement"
},
{
"id": "13763635",
"text": "end of 2010 there were approximately 110,000 individuals, 4,000 businesses, 1,700 schools and 1,600 organisations signed up. Dozens of high-profile individuals signed up to the scheme. They included chef Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall, fashion designer Vivienne Westwood, TV and radio presenter Kevin McCloud, and actor Peter Capaldi. The organisations signed up included King's College London, the Science Museum, Royal Mail, Tottenham Hotspur football club, Adidas, and the entire Methodist Church of Great Britain. 10:10 attracted significant international interest following its UK launch, and on 9 April 2010, the group announced 10:10 Global, a network of ‘hubs’ running their own local or national",
"title": "10:10"
},
{
"id": "1448869",
"text": "Three Fs The Three Fs were a series of demands first issued by the Tenant Right League in their campaign for land reform in Ireland from the 1850s. They were, Many historians argue that their absence contributed severely to the Great Irish Famine (1846–49), as it allowed the mass eviction of starving tenants. The Three Fs were campaigned for by a number of political movements, notably the Independent Irish Party (1852–1858) and later the Irish Parliamentary Party during the Land War (from 1878). They were conceded by the British Government in a series of Irish Land Acts enacted from the",
"title": "Three Fs"
},
{
"id": "11866683",
"text": "Brown said of its introduction: \"The 10p rate is very important because it's a signal about the importance we attach about getting people into work and it's of most importance to the low paid. This is not about gimmicks; this is about tax reform that encourages work and families, on the families side it is replacing what was an anomalous married couples' allowance and replace it with a child tax credit.\" At the time of its introduction in 1999, the reduced tax rate of 10% applied to incomes between £4,335 and £5,835 and was the only income tax paid by",
"title": "10p tax rate"
},
{
"id": "18936563",
"text": "action to promote children’s health and education\". Public health campaigns to reduce helminth infections in the U.S. may be traced as far back as 1910, when the Rockefeller Foundation began the fight against hookworm – the so-called \"germ of laziness\" – which was found to infect 40% of children in the American South. Records of the programme suggest that it led to increased school enrollment and attendance for children, and improved literacy and income for adults who were treated as children. This campaign was enthusiastically received by educators throughout the region; as one Virginian school observed: \"children who were listless",
"title": "Mass deworming"
},
{
"id": "432676",
"text": "They prohibited drills and military exercises; facilitated warrants for the search for weapons; outlawed public meetings of more than 50 people, including meetings to organize petitions; put heavy penalties on blasphemous and seditious publications; imposing a fourpenny stamp act on many pamphlets to cut down the flow on news and criticism. Offenders could be harshly punished including exile in Australia. In practice the laws were designed to deter troublemakers and reassure conservatives; they were not often used. By the end of the 1820s, along with a general economic recovery, many of these repressive laws were repealed and in 1828 new",
"title": "History of the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "13763634",
"text": "Among volunteers and donors it promotes greater charitable giving and eagerness to be involved in community projects. It also encourages more positive attitudes towards renewable energy and climate change. 10:10’s original campaign encouraged and supported individuals and organisations to cut their carbon emissions by 10% in 2010, and gave the group its name. There was heavy media coverage around the launch date, and there were regular articles about the campaign's progress published by \"The Guardian\". The campaign attracted support from a plethora of public figures and organisations, described by the Guardian as from a \"cross-section\" of UK society. By the",
"title": "10:10"
},
{
"id": "4907853",
"text": "Derby Scheme The Derby Scheme was introduced during World War I in Britain in the autumn of 1915 by Herbert Kitchener's new Director General of Recruiting, Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby (1865–1948), after which it was named. The scheme would demonstrate whether British manpower goals could be met by volunteers only, or if conscription was necessary. Derby required each eligible man aged 18 to 41 who was not in a \"starred\" (essential) occupation to make a public declaration. When the scheme was announced, many men went to the recruiting office without waiting to be \"fetched\". It was an enormous",
"title": "Derby Scheme"
},
{
"id": "1450944",
"text": "Common year starting on Monday A common year starting on Monday is any non-leap year (i.e., a year with 365 days) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Monday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is G. The current year, 2018, is a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. The last such year was 2007 and the next such year will be 2029, or likewise, 2013 and 2019 in the obsolete Julian calendar. The century year, 1900, was also a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. See below for more. Any common",
"title": "Common year starting on Monday"
},
{
"id": "3536025",
"text": "the scheme is to help improve the effectiveness of primary education by improving the nutritional status of primary school children. Initially, the scheme was implemented in 2,408 blocks of the country to provide food to students in classes one through five of government, government-aided and local body run schools. By 1997–98, the scheme had been implemented across the country. Under this programme, a cooked mid day meal with 300 calories and 12 grams of protein is provided to all children enrolled in classes one to five. In October 2007, the scheme included students in upper primary classes of six to",
"title": "Midday Meal Scheme"
},
{
"id": "7785685",
"text": "in October 1909, Herbert Gladstone, the Home Secretary, instructed that all prisoners on hunger strike should be force fed. The Liberal government elected in 1905 was a reforming one which introduced legislation to combat poverty, deal with unemployment and establish pensions. The Conservative Party-dominated House of Lords impeded much of the legislation. In 1909 the Chancellor of the Exchequer, David Lloyd George, introduced the so-called People's Budget, which had the expressed intent of redistributing wealth amongst the population. This budget was passed by the House of Commons, but rejected by the Lords. As a result, on 3 December 1909, Asquith",
"title": "Black Friday (1910)"
},
{
"id": "2805393",
"text": "Leppard album \"Songs from the Sparkle Lounge\", having also co-written the first single, \"Nine Lives\", with Def Leppard band members Joe Elliott, Phil Collen, and Rick Savage. The unusual pairing goes back to 2006 when McGraw joined Def Leppard onstage for the song \"Pour Some Sugar On Me\", and then collaborated on the song \"Nine Lives\" afterward. The album was released on April 25, 2008. At the 2007 50th Annual Grammy Awards, McGraw received 5 nominations including Best Country Album (for \"Let It Go\", Best Country Song (both for \"If You're Reading This\" and \"I Need You\"), Best Country Collaboration",
"title": "Tim McGraw"
},
{
"id": "17792435",
"text": "1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818",
"title": "Timeline of women's education"
},
{
"id": "17737962",
"text": "of India news on November 26, 2014, on an average, around 42,000 grievances are received every month on Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS) and in the Prime Minister's Office. The Varma Committee, set up on the recommendation of the 51st NDC meeting, submitted their report in September, 2006. The report recommended the following points: The report was considered by the Planning Commission while preparing the Eleventh Five Year Plan. The proliferation of CSS, top down approach, provision of flexibility to States to mould schemes according to local requirements, flow of funds, accountability, enforceability, implementation, involvement of PRIs",
"title": "Centrally Sponsored Scheme"
},
{
"id": "11610137",
"text": "is given to areas in greatest need of protection. Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP) WHIP is a voluntary landowner program that is devoted to the improvement of upland wildlife habitat. It is available in all 50 states and has enrolled nearly 11,000 landowners totaling since its beginning in 1998. Eligibility is limited to privately owned, federal, tribal and government lands (Limited). Once approved, land management plans are designed with one of two primary agendas. Proposed management plans are considered for 5,10 or 15 year time spans with increased cost-share benefits for longer commitments. Forest Land Enhancement Program (FLEP) FLEP is",
"title": "Private landowner assistance program"
},
{
"id": "19583503",
"text": "the front, and the Old Town and New Town of Edinburgh on the back. A new polymer note went into circulation in 2017, replacing previous cotton issues. This new note continued to feature Robert Burns on the front and views of Edinburgh, including Edinburgh Castle, on the back. The Committee of Scottish Bankers encouraged the public to spend or exchange older, non-polymer ten pound notes before 1 March 2018. Information taken from The Committee of Scottish Bankers website. Clydesdale Bank £10 note The Clydesdale Bank £10 note is a banknote of the pound sterling. It is the second smallest denomination",
"title": "Clydesdale Bank £10 note"
},
{
"id": "14101664",
"text": "2010 World Series of Poker The 2010 World Series of Poker was the 41st annual World Series of Poker (WSOP), held at the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino in Paradise, Nevada, and ran from May 28 to July 17. There were 57 bracelet events, culminating in the $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Championship that began on July 5. The November Nine concept returned for the third year, with the Main Event finalists returning on November 6. A notable change from 2009 was the revamping of the $50,000 buy-in tournament. From its inception in 2006 through 2009, it had been a",
"title": "2010 World Series of Poker"
},
{
"id": "15953679",
"text": "attacked child labor from the 1830s onward, bolstered by the horrific descriptions of London street life by Charles Dickens. The campaign that led to the Factory Acts was spearheaded by rich philanthropists of the era, especially Lord Shaftesbury, who introduced Bills in Parliament to mitigate the exploitation of children at the workplace. In 1833 he introduced the Ten Hours Act 1833 into the Commons, which provided that children working in the cotton and woollen industries must be aged nine or above; no person under the age of eighteen was to work more than ten hours a day or eight hours",
"title": "History of childhood"
},
{
"id": "20794867",
"text": "Pictures banners, respectively. In May 2017, Diane Keaton and Jacki Weaver joined the cast of the film. In July 2018, Pam Grier, Rhea Perlman, Celia Weston, Phyllis Somerville, Alisha Boe, Charlie Tahan and Bruce McGill joined the cast of the film. Principal photography began in July 2018, in Atlanta, Georgia. In November 2018, STX Entertainment acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film. Poms (film) Poms is an upcoming American comedy dance film, directed by Zara Hayes. It stars Diane Keaton, Jacki Weaver, Pam Grier, Rhea Perlman, Celia Weston, Phyllis Somerville, Alisha Boe, Charlie Tahan and Bruce McGill. In July 2016,",
"title": "Poms (film)"
},
{
"id": "770386",
"text": "so-called \"People's Budget\" of 1909. In this Budget, the Chancellor of the Exchequer David Lloyd George proposed the introduction of a land tax based on the ideas of the American tax reformer Henry George. This new tax would have had a major effect on large landowners, and was opposed by the Conservative opposition, many of whom were large landowners themselves. The Conservatives believed that money should be raised through the introduction of tariffs on imports, which they claimed would help British industry. Contrary to British constitutional convention, the Conservatives used their large majority in the Lords to vote down the",
"title": "Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949"
},
{
"id": "18426001",
"text": "the Microelectronics Education Programme. The Programme was aimed at primary and secondary schools in England, Northern Ireland and Wales. Although it was delayed by the change of government in 1979, Keith Joseph as Education Secretary finally approved it in 1980 and in March a four-year programme for schools, costing £9 million. As well as BJET CET published a range of publications, many the result of projects it set up and funded. The following is a selection of these publications to give a flavour of the breadth and range of the Council's activity: Council for Educational Technology The Council for Educational",
"title": "Council for Educational Technology"
},
{
"id": "177182",
"text": "Lords returned to the forefront of debate after the election of a Liberal Government in 1906. In 1909, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, David Lloyd George, introduced into the House of Commons the \"People's Budget\", which proposed a land tax targeting wealthy landowners. The popular measure, however, was defeated in the heavily Conservative House of Lords. Having made the powers of the House of Lords a primary campaign issue, the Liberals were narrowly re-elected in January 1910. Prime Minister H. H. Asquith then proposed that the powers of the House of Lords be severely curtailed. After a further general election",
"title": "House of Lords"
},
{
"id": "13582855",
"text": "Soil Bank Program The Soil Bank Program is a federal program (authorized by the Soil Bank Act, P.L. 84-540, Title I) of the late 1950s and early 1960s that paid farmers to retire land from production for 10 years. It was the predecessor to today’s Conservation Reserve Program. Proposed by President Eisenhower as part of the 1956 Agriculture Act, the original idea was for the government to buy back sub-marginal land that was homesteaded in the late 1800s. This would both extend pastures, forests and watersheds and also reduce the need for the government to support overproduction. The maximum enrollment",
"title": "Soil Bank Program"
},
{
"id": "15158019",
"text": "Darwin Initiative The Darwin Initiative is a UK Government funding program that aims to assist countries with rich biodiversity but poor financial resources to meet their objectives under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES); and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). The Darwin Initiative was announced by the UK Government in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. It was established as a non-departmental public body of DETR, moving to DEFRA on its formation in 2001. In 2010",
"title": "Darwin Initiative"
},
{
"id": "3143594",
"text": "a new high of 28 million. The mid-1990s was a period of welfare reform. Prior to 1996, the rules for the cash welfare program, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), were waived for many states. With the enactment of the 1996 welfare reform act, called the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), AFDC, an entitlement program, was replaced that with a new block grant to states called Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). Although the Food Stamp Program was reauthorized in the 1996 Farm Bill, the 1996 welfare reform made several changes to the program,",
"title": "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program"
},
{
"id": "20019827",
"text": "It was well received by \"The Times\" newspaper. In her first year in office she was subject to some criticism locally for not holding Constituency Surgeries and for being difficult to contact, as well as limited submissions of written parliamentary questions. She defended her record by pointing to fears over the safety of politicians, following the murder of Jo Cox. On 6 March 2018, Harrison introduced a Ten Minute Rule Motion that seeks to introduce a ban on wild animals in circuses. In Parliament, Harrison currently serves on the Education Committee. She lives in Bootle and London with her husband",
"title": "Trudy Harrison"
},
{
"id": "1426649",
"text": "used for both \"hard\" projects, such as buildings and roads, and \"soft\" projects, such as scholarships and medical expenses. The first pork barrel fund was introduced in 1922 with the passage of the first Public Works Act (Act No 3044). This pork barrel system was technically stopped by President Ferdinand Marcos during his dictatorship by abolishing Congress. It was reintroduced to the system after the restoration of the Congress in 1987. The program has had different names over the years, including the Countryside Development Fund, Congressional Initiative Fund, and currently the Priority Development Assistance Fund. Since 2006, the PDAF was",
"title": "Pork barrel"
},
{
"id": "10001724",
"text": "income gaps were not as pronounced until the early 1980s, but the situation has been continually getting worse since. Misplaced priorities of the Indian Government and bad planning of subsidy programs is largely responsible for this. Hosting the Commonwealth Games in New Delhi in 2010 that cost the exchequer an approximate , excluding the price of non-sports related infrastructure, is a case in point. While newly launched programs like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), Food Security Act, Mid-day Meals and Bharat Nirman Yojana have demonstrated success in the initial stages, their performance",
"title": "Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation"
},
{
"id": "14545413",
"text": "Building the Education Revolution Building the Education Revolution (BER) is an Australian government program administered by the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) designed to provide new and refurbished infrastructure to all eligible Australian schools. The program was part of the Rudd government's economic stimulus package designed as a response to the 2007–2010 global financial crisis. The program, totalling A$16.2 billion has three elements: The program has attracted attention from critics of the government for alleged \"rorting\" (misappropriation of public funds) and for not delivering value-for-money outcomes. Instances of inflated quotes or new buildings that were not particularly",
"title": "Building the Education Revolution"
},
{
"id": "16776763",
"text": "Work Programme The Work Programme was a UK government welfare-to-work programme introduced in Great Britain in June 2011. It was the flagship welfare-to-work scheme of the 2010-2015 UK coalition government. Under the Work Programme the task of getting the long-term unemployed into work was outsourced to a range of public sector, private sector and third sector organisations. The scheme replaced a range of schemes which existed under previous New Labour governments including Employment Zones, New Deal, Flexible New Deal and the now abolished Future Jobs Fund scheme which aimed to tackle youth unemployment. Despite being the flagship welfare-to-work scheme of",
"title": "Work Programme"
},
{
"id": "1937595",
"text": "and in light of this the US Treasury set out to force domestic policy changes. In November 1976 the International Monetary Fund (IMF) announced the conditions for a loan, including deep cuts in public expenditure. The Conservative Party was elected to office in 1979, on a programme of fiscal austerity. Initially the pound rocketed, moving above US$2.40, as interest rates rose in response to the monetarist policy of targeting money supply. The high exchange rate was widely blamed for the deep recession of 1981. Sterling fell sharply after 1980; at its lowest, the pound stood at just $1.03 in March",
"title": "Pound sterling"
},
{
"id": "3001857",
"text": "much more common. The peerage ceased to be associated with wealth or land ownership. At the beginning of the century, however, such associations remained for some time. In 1909, Chancellor of the Exchequer David Lloyd George proposed the introduction of a land tax, which the landowning peers opposed. The House of Lords rejected the budget. After the general election of January 1910, the returned government introduced the Parliament Bill, which sought to curtail the powers of the Lords. When the Lords attempted to block the bill, the prime minister, Herbert Henry Asquith, threatened to have the king create two hundred",
"title": "History of the British peerage"
},
{
"id": "19478316",
"text": "were introduced by the Bank of England for the first time in 1759 as a consequence of gold shortages caused by the Seven Years' War. The earliest notes were handwritten, and were issued as needed to individuals. These notes were written on one side only and bore the name of the payee, the date, and the signature of the issuing cashier. With the exception of the Restriction Period between 1797 and 1821, when the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars caused a bullion shortage, these notes could be exchanged in full, or in part, for an equivalent amount of",
"title": "Bank of England £10 note"
},
{
"id": "6066956",
"text": "fivepenny rate in the first year, tenpence in the second, and so on.\" The Housing (Slum Clearance Compensation) Act 1965 continued a provision for home owners of unfit dwellings purchased between 1939 and 1955 to be compensated at market values. The Building Control Act 1966 introduced building licensing to give priority to housing construction. Under the Supplementary Benefit Act 1966, an owner occupier on benefits was entitled to an allowance for repairs, insurance, rates, and \"reasonable\" interest charges on a mortgage. A Land Commission was also established to purchase land for building and therefore prevent profiteering in land values, although",
"title": "Labour government, 1964–1970"
},
{
"id": "13247983",
"text": "The Technical Cooperation Program The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) is a long-standing international organisation concerned with cooperation on defence science and technology matters, including national security and civil defence. Its membership comprises Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). TTCP commenced in 1957 as a bilateral activity between the United Kingdom and the United States when the US President and the UK Prime Minister made the following Declaration of Common Purpose: Immediately following the Declaration of Common Purpose, the Canadian government subscribed to the principle of interdependence and was admitted by the UK and",
"title": "The Technical Cooperation Program"
},
{
"id": "17063646",
"text": "settlers. Preemption is similar to squatter's rights and mining claims. Preemption was politically controversial, primarily among land speculators and their allies in government. In the early history of the United States, and even to some degree during the colonial era, settlers were moving into the \"virgin wilderness\" and building homes and farms without regard to land title. The improvements increased the value of all the nearby property. Eventually the political opposition by the speculators crumbled and the Preemption Act of 1841 was passed. The Preemption Act of 1841 was abused by speculators who now operated as money lending businesses, or",
"title": "Preemption (land)"
},
{
"id": "1928502",
"text": "of Head Start is Dr. Deborah Bergeron Head Start began as part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society campaign. Its justification came from the staff of the President's Council of Economic Advisers. Stan Salett, civil rights organizer, national education policy advisor and creator of the Upward Bound Program, is also credited with initiating the Head Start program. Johnson started the War on Poverty shortly after President Kennedy's assassination. The murder shook the nation, and Johnson attempted to gain public trust by passing legacy legislation during the subsequent months. Johnson received an initial briefing from Walter Heller, who informed Johnson",
"title": "Head Start (program)"
},
{
"id": "14609824",
"text": "formally with the Republic of India. The \"Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Bill, 1961\" (Bill No. 43 of 1961) was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 11 August 1961. It was introduced by Laxmi Menon, then Deputy Minister of External Affairs, and sought to amend article 240 and the First Schedule to the Constitution. The full text of the Statement of Objects and Reasons appended to the bill is given below: The full text of the Statement of Objects and Reasons appended to the bill is given below: The bill was debated and passed in the original form by the Lok Sabha",
"title": "Tenth Amendment of the Constitution of India"
},
{
"id": "17406912",
"text": "be submitted before 16 September 2015. In July 2015, Rex requested and received a 12-month extension, revising the due date for submission of the PEPR and Social Management Plan (SMP) to 16 September 2016. This was extended again in August 2016 to make the new deadline 16 September 2017. The Social Management Plan was submitted to the government in September 2017. A further extension was sought for the PEPR, to 26 February 2018. The 2,500 page PEPR was submitted to the government on 2 February 2018. It proposes a 13-year mine life and Rex stated that it intended to start",
"title": "Hillside mine"
},
{
"id": "661524",
"text": "Great Society The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964–65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. President Johnson first used the term \"Great Society\" during a speech at Ohio University, then unveiled the program in greater detail at an appearance at University of Michigan. New major spending programs that addressed education, medical care, urban problems, rural poverty, and transportation were launched during this period. The program and its initiatives were subsequently promoted by him and fellow Democrats in Congress in the",
"title": "Great Society"
},
{
"id": "11866682",
"text": "10p tax rate The starting rate of income tax, often known as the 10p rate, was a special rate of personal income taxation in the United Kingdom that existed from 1999 to 2008. The starting rate was the lowest rate of income tax in the United Kingdom. It meant that certain incomes above the personal allowance would be taxed at a basic rate of 10%, which meant a reduced rate compared with the previous basic UK income tax rate of 23%. The reduced tax rate for low incomes was introduced in Gordon Brown's third budget as Chancellor of the Exchequer.",
"title": "10p tax rate"
},
{
"id": "14926120",
"text": "regulations determined that the land should: As the alignment of East Boundary Road is determined by the coastline, it does not lie on a survey Section line and therefore isn't aligned with the Melbourne one-mile (1.6 km) survey grid. Dendy's Special Survey In 1841, Henry Dendy purchased of land approximately 12 km south-east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The land was purchased from the Crown for one pound an acre under the terms of the short-lived Special Survey regulations. Dendy's Special Survey formed the basis for the settlement of Brighton. It covered the area now bounded by North Road; South Road;",
"title": "Dendy's Special Survey"
},
{
"id": "11866686",
"text": "the adaptation. These changes were implemented in September 2008. In the years after the abolition of the reduced tax rate for low incomes, the UK government made further adaptations to personal income taxation, notably to the personal allowance: 10p tax rate The starting rate of income tax, often known as the 10p rate, was a special rate of personal income taxation in the United Kingdom that existed from 1999 to 2008. The starting rate was the lowest rate of income tax in the United Kingdom. It meant that certain incomes above the personal allowance would be taxed at a basic",
"title": "10p tax rate"
},
{
"id": "1937597",
"text": "exacerbated by the political decision to convert the Ostmark to the DM on a 1:1 basis, meant that interest rates in other countries shadowing the DM, especially the UK, were far too high relative to domestic circumstances, leading to a housing decline and recession. On 8 October 1990 the Conservative government (Third Thatcher ministry) decided to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), with the pound set at DM2.95. However, the country was forced to withdraw from the system on \"Black Wednesday\" (16 September 1992) as Britain's economic performance made the exchange rate unsustainable. 'Black Wednesday' saw interest rates jump",
"title": "Pound sterling"
},
{
"id": "7785584",
"text": "announced that she would eat no food until this right was conceded.\" Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence noted that Wallace-Dunlop had found a \"new way of insisting upon the proper status of political prisoners, and had the resourcefulness and energy in the face of difficulties that marked the true suffragette\". She endured 91 hours of fasting before she was released on the grounds of ill health. Hunger striking was her idea and after her success it became official WSPU policy. As a result, in September 1909, the British Government introduced force feeding in prisons. Wallace-Dunlop was a pallbearer when Emmeline Pankhurst died in",
"title": "Marion Wallace Dunlop"
},
{
"id": "8848816",
"text": "health and wellbeing of the city's population. Chadwick's proposals were based on the miasmatic theory of disease transmission, which was proven to be false following the turn of the 1900s. The Nuisance Removal and Disease Prevention Act of 1846 began what was to be a steadily evolving process of the provision of regulated waste management in London. The Metropolitan Board of Works was the first citywide authority that centralized sanitation regulation for the rapidly expanding city and the Public Health Act 1875 made it compulsory for every household to deposit their weekly waste in 'moveable receptacles' for disposal - the",
"title": "History of waste management"
},
{
"id": "3143575",
"text": "costs increased sharply with the Great Recession, peaked in 2013 and have declined through 2016 as the economy recovered. It is the largest nutrition program of the 15 administered by FNS and is a key component of the social safety net for low-income Americans. The amount of SNAP benefits received by a household depends on the household's size, income, and expenses. For most of its history, the program used paper-denominated \"stamps\" or coupons – worth $1 (brown), $5 (blue), and $10 (green) – bound into booklets of various denominations, to be torn out individually and used in single-use exchange. Because",
"title": "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program"
},
{
"id": "14545417",
"text": "pursue large-scale public expenditure programs\". The paper says that the BER illustrates the pitfalls of large-scale public expenditure programs, and that it did not provide value for money. Building the Education Revolution Building the Education Revolution (BER) is an Australian government program administered by the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR) designed to provide new and refurbished infrastructure to all eligible Australian schools. The program was part of the Rudd government's economic stimulus package designed as a response to the 2007–2010 global financial crisis. The program, totalling A$16.2 billion has three elements: The program has attracted attention from",
"title": "Building the Education Revolution"
},
{
"id": "11608977",
"text": "which includes all schoolchildren. The TAF programme was introduced into schools in 1992 as part of the National Healthy Lifestyle Campaign. It was a result of a 1991 review of the nation's health plan by a national committee. Students aged 9 to pre-tertiary education were required to undergo annual BMI measurements and National Physical Fitness Award test (a precursor fitness test similar to Individual Physical Proficiency Test for National Servicemen). The country's population at that time was showing an increase in obesity that became associated with health problems and loss of manpower for male conscripts in National Service, which caused",
"title": "Trim and Fit"
},
{
"id": "16108621",
"text": "Ben 10: Omniverse Ben 10: Omniverse is an American animated television series and the fourth installment of the \"Ben 10 franchise\", which aired on Cartoon Network from September 22, 2012 to November 14, 2014, in the United States. Man of Action Studios, consisting of Duncan Rouleau, Joe Casey, Joe Kelly, and Steven T. Seagle, created the franchise. The series was announced at Cartoon Network's Upfront in 2011. Concept art, described as a homage to the original \"Ben 10\" series, designed by Derrick J. Wyatt (\"\" and \"Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated\") was first unveiled at the 2012 UK Toy Fair. The series",
"title": "Ben 10: Omniverse"
},
{
"id": "3612632",
"text": "century, a considerable amount of common land still exists, particularly in upland areas, and there are over 7,000 registered commons in England alone. Common land or former common land is usually referred to as a common; for instance, Clapham Common or Mungrisdale Common. Originally in medieval England the common was an integral part of the manor, and was thus part of the estate held by the lord of the manor under a feudal grant from the Crown or a superior peer, who in turn held his land from the Crown which owned all land. This manorial system, founded on feudalism,",
"title": "Common land"
},
{
"id": "19305007",
"text": "instructors. Several overseas training schemes were therefore established, including the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, the British Flying Training Schools and the Arnold Scheme. The scheme was one product of the climate of greater co-operation between the United Kingdom and the then neutral United States following the introduction of Lend-Lease in March 1941. In April 1941 General 'Hap' Arnold flew to London and met with RAF officers at the Air Ministry, offering to train four thousand British pilots alongside American aviation cadets. The British Air Council accepted the generous offer and planning began immediately. On 10 May 1941, in a",
"title": "Arnold Scheme"
},
{
"id": "2550580",
"text": "In 1992, the Conservative government of John Major in the UK introduced the PFI, the first systematic programme aimed at encouraging public–private partnerships. The 1992 programme focused on reducing the public sector borrowing requirement, although, as already noted, the effect on public accounts was largely illusory. The Labour government of Tony Blair, elected in 1997, expanded the PFI initiative but sought to shift the emphasis to the achievement of \"value for money\", mainly through an appropriate allocation of risk. However, it has since been found that many programs ran dramatically over budget and have not presented as value for money",
"title": "Public–private partnership"
},
{
"id": "13367160",
"text": "from the food industry and local business to promote healthy eating and physical activity. The Public Health Responsibility Deal has been hailed by members of the UK's Food and Drink Federation and the Department of Health, but research published in 2015 by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine questioned the effectiveness of the voluntary agreement. Policy based initiatives to improve diet, such as food pricing strategies, restrictions on marketing and the reduction of sugar intake, do not form a part of the pledges agreed by the food industry under the terms of the Public Health Responsibility Deal. As",
"title": "Obesity in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "2932374",
"text": "to be contained. Land dredging is also another method of land reclamation. It is the removal of sediments and debris from the bottom of a body of water. It is commonly used for maintaining reclaimed land masses as sedimentation, a natural process, fills channels and harbors naturally. Instances where the creation of new land was for the need of human activities. Notable examples include: One of the earliest large scale projects was the Beemster Polder in the Netherlands, realized in 1612 adding of land. In Hong Kong the Praya Reclamation Scheme added of land in 1890 during the second phase",
"title": "Land reclamation"
},
{
"id": "14548581",
"text": "In November 2010, Shelbrooke was confirmed as Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Minister of State for Transport Theresa Villiers. In September 2012, Shelbrooke was made PPS to Minister of State for Northern Ireland, Mike Penning. He announced his delight at taking over the responsibility for \"Northern Island\" [sic] on Twitter and later blamed the spelling mistake on autocorrect. In December 2012, Shelbrooke introduced a Ten Minute Rule bill under which UK welfare claimants would be issued with a cash card instead of receiving their benefits in cash. The card would only permit claimants to make purchases such as food, clothing,",
"title": "Alec Shelbrooke"
},
{
"id": "14923734",
"text": "Port Phillip District Special Surveys In August 1840, the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners of the British Government decided to allow the purchase of land anywhere in the Port Phillip District of New South Wales – now Victoria, Australia. Special Surveys could be requested to enable the purchase of , or eight square miles, for ₤1 per acre. This price was significantly below the value of the land at that time. To restrict the sale of valuable land, Governor Gipps introduced regulations in March 1841 that required the land to be more than from a surveyed township, and to restrict",
"title": "Port Phillip District Special Surveys"
},
{
"id": "14923731",
"text": "Port Phillip District Special Surveys In August 1840, the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners of the British Government decided to allow the purchase of land anywhere in the Port Phillip District of New South Wales – now Victoria, Australia. Special Surveys could be requested to enable the purchase of , or eight square miles, for ₤1 per acre. This price was significantly below the value of the land at that time. To restrict the sale of valuable land, Governor Gipps introduced regulations in March 1841 that required the land to be more than from a surveyed township, and to restrict",
"title": "Port Phillip District Special Surveys"
},
{
"id": "13763632",
"text": "events, and upload the proceeds to their webpage. The project is open to primary, secondary and middle schools, and sixth form colleges. There is no charge to take part. Following a successful pilot phase in the 2011–12 academic year, the project launched nationally in September 2012. Altogether, 27 schools participated in 2012–13, and 17 participated in 2013–14 and 15 in 2014–15. Another 14 schools are due to start in September 2015. The project helps schools reduce their carbon footprint and earn income from the electricity they generate. But it also aims to strengthen the local community, provide pupils with opportunities",
"title": "10:10"
},
{
"id": "11610136",
"text": "Private landowner assistance program Private landowner assistance program (PLAP) is a class of government assistance program available throughout the U.S. for landowners interested in maintaining, developing, improving and protecting wildlife on their property. Each state provides various programs that assist landowners in agriculture, forestry and conserving wildlife habitat. This helps landowners in the practice of good land stewardship and provides multiple benefits to the environment. Some states offer technical assistance which includes: Landowner incentive programs work to financially assist landowners in the restoration and protection of endangered species Generally any private landowner or organization can apply for assistance but preference",
"title": "Private landowner assistance program"
},
{
"id": "10519266",
"text": "individual benefits, works on lands belonging to religious groups, execution of works in unauthorized colonies. Other works permitted: construction of railway halt station, providing CCTV camera in strategic locations, installation of bio-digesters at stations, schools, hospitals, provision for fixed weighing scale machines for farmers, installation of rainwater harvesting systems in public spaces, construction of shelters for skill development. Since start there have been reports of malpractices in running the scheme and there have been demands to scrap it. In 2006, a scandal was exposed by a TV Channel, that showed MPs taking bribe for handing over project work under",
"title": "Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme"
},
{
"id": "9596259",
"text": "folded into New Line's parent company Warner Bros. Entertainment Film Distributors have released many BAFTA- and Oscar-winning films including \"The Departed\", \"Million Dollar Baby\", \"Gosford Park\", \"Brokeback Mountain\" and \"The Artist\". List of films distributed include: 1974: 1975: 1976: 1978: 1979: 1981: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1985: 1986: 1987: 1988: 1989: 1990: 1991: 1992: 1993: 1994: 1995: 1996: 1997: 1998: 1999: 2000: 2001: 2002: 2003: 2004: 2005: 2006: 2007: 2008: 2009: 2010: 2011: 2012: 2013: 2014: 2015: 2016: 2017: 2018: Entertainment Film Distributors Entertainment Film Distributors is a British distributor of independent films in the UK and Ireland for various production",
"title": "Entertainment Film Distributors"
},
{
"id": "8662284",
"text": "premarital sex, rather than only unintended pregnancy: \"For every one teenager who gets pregnant, ten get a disease.\" The only way to avoid this, Richey contended, is abstinence until marriage. The GPA is funded by the federal welfare reform act of 1996. According to Richey, congressional Republicans knew that Clinton would sign the welfare-reform measure; so they attached a bill to create an abstinence-only education program and authorized its funding with $250 million over five years. The Louisiana program was a national model acclaimed by Focus on the Family and other pro-family organizations. The 36-week program stresses awareness of sexuality,",
"title": "Dan Richey"
},
{
"id": "1450430",
"text": "an act of Parliament, and during the Long Parliament, movement began in that direction. The \"Ordinance for Free Trade with the plantations in New England\" was passed in November 1644. In 1645, both to conciliate the colonies and to encourage English shipping, the Long Parliament prohibited the shipment of whalebone, except in English-built ships; they later prohibited the importation of French wine, wool, and silk from France. More generally and significantly on 23 January 1647, they passed the \"Ordinance granting privileges for the encouragement of Adventurers to plantations in Virginia, Bermudas, Barbados, and other places of America\"; it enacted that",
"title": "Navigation Acts"
},
{
"id": "6529423",
"text": "on the Tuesday or Wednesday morning fifteen working days (usually three weeks) prior to the date they wish to introduce their bill. Due to the popularity of the Rule and the difficulty in launching a Private Member's Bill by other means, MPs have been known to sleep outside the Public Bill Office in order to guarantee a slot. In 2014 three MPs agreed a sleeping rota between themselves in order to ensure that they were first in the queue. Ten Minute Rule motions are held in the main Commons Chamber after question time, at around 12:45pm on most Tuesdays and",
"title": "Ten Minute Rule"
}
] | when did the 10 pound pom scheme start |
|
| [
{
"id": "6816544",
"text": "him to the funeral because Jamie wants to say goodbye. During this time, Nathan finds out that Deb and Skills are in a relationship, which disgusts him. The revelation strains his friendship with Skills but after a talk with Jamie, he comes to terms with their relationship. To ease it, Skills decides to help Nathan with his comeback. Nathan soon gets a call from the general manager of an NBA D-League basketball team in Fort Wayne (the Fort Wayne Mad Ants), who says that they are interested in recruiting him. Once Nathan gets there, he is disappointed to hear they",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "6816547",
"text": "to play for the Charleston Chiefs. Teammate Devon Fox threatens Nathan, and says he's not going to be taking his spot. After struggling during the training session, Nathan returns to his locker to see his photos of Haley and Jamie ripped up, as well as one of him and Quentin. Angered and spurred on, Nathan threatens Devon, saying that he's going to take his spot and Devon can have it back after Nathan is called up to the NBA. Later in the season, when Devon ruins five straight games for the Chiefs, the coach benches him. Nathan is put in",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "6816551",
"text": "Tree Hill for good, Nathan brings Jamie to say goodbye and thanks his dad for helping him get to the NBA. Later in the season, Nathan helps Haley and James come to terms with Haley's mother's death. Nathan also spends a day bonding with Jamie, who asks Nathan about his relationship with Lucas. Nathan replies that although they were not close when they were younger, they became more like real brothers as they got older. In addition, he finds out Jamie would like a brother or sister. Haley then confesses to Nathan that she took a pregnancy test that morning,",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "15212730",
"text": "the Supercats every year between 2002 and 2011, before taking a year off in 2012 to travel around Europe with his wife Sally. He returned to the Supercats for the 2013 season, and in 2014, he was named co-captain. Herbert had previously relinquished the co-captaincy prior to the 2012 season after undergoing knee surgery. In April 2015, Herbert played his 300th SEABL game. In May 2017, he played his 350th SEABL game. On 29 July 2018, Herbert announced that he would be retiring from the SEABL at the end of the 2018 season. Herbert made his NBL debut in October",
"title": "Nathan Herbert"
},
{
"id": "6816549",
"text": "so he opts to drive the ball in for Neno to score. Neno is later called up by the Clippers, leaving Nathan still in the D-League. In the season 6 finale, Nathan gets called up to the Charlotte Bobcats and starts in his first game up. Nathan has been playing for the Charlotte Bobcats since the finale of season 6, but his contract is up and his friend and agent, Clay, puts Nathan's career in jeopardy by being too greedy during the negotiations. Nathan, Haley, and Jamie celebrate Jamie's 7th birthday, and a woman named Renee asks to take a",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "6816536",
"text": "to make people forget he had shaved points back in the days. He almost got into a fight with rival fans after it, but Lucas held him back and Whitey advised him to control his temper or he would end up like Dan. Eventually Nathan Scott played for the University of Maryland Terrapins men's basketball team, where, as a First Team All-American, he led the team to the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Championship. Three years later Nathan was all set to be the tenth pick in the NBA draft by the Seattle SuperSonics. One night he went to a",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "6816548",
"text": "and makes an assist that leads to the winning shot. Devon is later cut from the team and his starting position is given to Nathan, whose back up is Neno, who taunted Nathan at the tryouts. Nathan and Neno prove to be the team's two best players, but they play the same position, so they can't both start. The coach has Nathan teach Neno how to play shooting guard. An NBA scout from the Los Angeles Clippers comes to see the two of them play, but Nathan is worried that he won't play his best in front of the scout,",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "11363324",
"text": "his long-time mentor and Taipans head coach Aaron Fearne. On 3 August 2016, he was ruled out for the entire NBL pre-season following finger surgery. He made his season debut for the Taipans on 15 October 2016 in their second game of the 2016–17 season, recording five points and four rebounds in just under 17 minutes off the bench in a 92–78 loss to the Sydney Kings. On 30 October 2016, he had a then season-best game with 14 points, six rebounds, one assist and three blocks in a 98–83 win over the Illawarra Hawks. On 7 November 2016, he",
"title": "Nathan Jawai"
},
{
"id": "11363320",
"text": "traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves in exchange for a conditional second-round pick in the 2012 NBA draft. On 8 November 2009, Jawai played arguably the best game of his NBA career, scoring a team-high 16 points and grabbing six rebounds in a game against the Portland Trail Blazers. On 19 February 2010, Jawai was sent to the Sioux Falls Skyforce of the NBA D-League for a short stint. He was recalled on 21 February 2010, and sent back on 31 March 2010. On 18 August 2010, Jawai signed a one-year deal with the Serbian team Partizan Belgrade. In June 2011,",
"title": "Nathan Jawai"
},
{
"id": "11363317",
"text": "feeder team, the Cairns Marlins, earned him a spot on the Taipans roster for the 2007–08 NBL season. In 31 games for the Taipans, Jawai averaged 17.3 points, 9.4 rebounds and 1.9 assists per game. His season highs for points and rebounds was 28 and 18 respectively. Jawai was drafted 41st overall in the 2008 NBA draft by the Indiana Pacers; however, his rights were traded to the Toronto Raptors in a deal that also brought Jermaine O'Neal to Toronto in exchange for T. J. Ford, Rasho Nesterović, Maceo Baston, and the draft rights to Roy Hibbert. On 11 July",
"title": "Nathan Jawai"
},
{
"id": "3360002",
"text": "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest The Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest is an annual American hot dog competitive eating competition. It is held each year on Independence Day at Nathan's Famous Corporation's original, and best-known restaurant at the corner of Surf and Stillwell Avenues in Coney Island, a neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City. The contest has gained public attention in recent years due to the stardom of Takeru Kobayashi and Joey Chestnut. The defending men's champion is Joey Chestnut, who ate 74 hot dogs in the 2018 contest. The defending women's champion is Miki Sudo, who ate 37 hot",
"title": "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest"
},
{
"id": "11363318",
"text": "2008, he signed a two-year deal with the Raptors, and the nicknames soon rolled in with \"Aussie Shaq\", \"Outback Shaq\" and \"Baby Shaq\", due to his resemblance to Shaquille O'Neal. He was also nicknamed \"Big Nate\" by Toronto commentators. On 17 December 2008, Jawai was cleared to resume training after enduring a worrisome period in which he was not allowed to undergo physical activity. Jawai was required to 'rest', due to a routine pre-season test which revealed a cardiac abnormality. On 21 January 2009, Jawai made his NBA debut against the Detroit Pistons at The Palace of Auburn Hills, becoming",
"title": "Nathan Jawai"
},
{
"id": "11363319",
"text": "the first indigenous Australian to play in the NBA. On 26 February 2009, Jawai was assigned by the Raptors to the Idaho Stampede of the NBA Development League. In his first start (his second game), he registered 12 points, 5 rebounds and a team-high 3 blocks in Idaho's 104–96 win over the Utah Flash. Jawai was recalled from the D-League on 23 March 2009. On 9 July 2009, Jawai was traded to the Dallas Mavericks as a part of the four-team trade that also involved the Orlando Magic and Memphis Grizzlies. Later that year, on 20 October 2009, Jawai was",
"title": "Nathan Jawai"
},
{
"id": "15212731",
"text": "2007 for the South Dragons. He played 28 games during the 2007/08 season, averaging 3.9 points and 2.0 rebounds per game. He returned to the Dragons for the 2008/09 season and won his first and only NBL Championship in March 2009. In 37 games for the Dragons in 2008/09, he averaged 6.5 points, 1.9 rebounds and 1.0 assists per game. In June 2009, Herbert signed with the Adelaide 36ers after the Dragons folded following their championship-winning season. Herbert had a career-best season in 2009/10, averaging 8.1 points, 2.7 rebounds and 1.9 assists in 27 games. He was subsequently in the",
"title": "Nathan Herbert"
},
{
"id": "20917355",
"text": "softball, tennis, volleyball, baseball and wrestling. He signed a new contract with ESPN in 2017. In 2018, he called the Final Four of the 2018 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament, the Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest, and preseason games for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League. Adam Amin Adam Amin (born December 19, 1986) is an American television and radio sportscaster with ESPN. Amin's father, Mohammed, immigrated to the United States from Karachi in 1978. He settled in Chicago and worked in a factory. His wife, Zubeda, and three sons, Ismail, Abdullah, and Mustafa, remained in Pakistan,",
"title": "Adam Amin"
},
{
"id": "19575079",
"text": "successful. You can’t predict what will happen to people at any time. Nathan Riggs Nathan Riggs M.D., is a fictional character from the medical drama television series \"Grey's Anatomy\", which airs on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes and is portrayed by actor Martin Henderson. He was introduced in the episode \"The Me Nobody Knows\" as a cardiothoracic surgeon who had worked overseas with April Kepner during her time in Jordan. After bringing a patient to Grey-Sloan Memorial, he begins working there as an attending under Maggie Pierce.",
"title": "Nathan Riggs"
},
{
"id": "6816553",
"text": "again. He soon finds out he isn't a match. After Clay wakes up, Nathan tells Haley he has back pains and decides to quit basketball and become an agent. He soon becomes an agent and signs his first client. Nathan goes back to college, and isn't well-liked by his college professor, Dr. August Kellerman. He then starts to gain respect and gets the hang of college, with the help of Jamie. He then wants to sign Kellerman's son Ian, who is a baseball player. He is really good, but he is the life of the party. Nathan wanted Ian to",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "15212732",
"text": "running for three NBL awards – the most improved player, the best sixth man, and best defensive player. In April 2010, Herbert re-signed with the 36ers for the 2010/11 season. In September 2010, during a pre-season game against the Townsville Crocodiles in Adelaide, Herbert tore his right ACL, which ruled him out for the entire season. In June 2011, after fully recovering from knee surgery, Herbert re-signed with the 36ers for the 2011/12 season. He played all 28 games for the 36ers in his final NBL season, averaging 4.4 points and 2.4 rebounds per game. Herbert and his wife Sally",
"title": "Nathan Herbert"
},
{
"id": "6816537",
"text": "party at a bar with Lucas and Haley to celebrate his new shoe deal, shoes called \"the NS 23's\". When Haley left to watch their son Jamie, fans of Portland, a rival NBA team, pretended they wanted an autograph from Nathan, only to mock him. When things escalated, he almost walked away thanks to Lucas, but the rival fans made a nasty comment about Haley, and he defended his wife and a fight ensued. Thrown through a plate glass window, he screamed he couldn't feel his legs and consequently his NBA career was over before it started. After his accident",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "11363322",
"text": "re-signed with the club in September 2014. In December 2014, he left Galatasaray and signed with MoraBanc Andorra for the rest of the season. On 28 August 2015, Jawai signed with the Perth Wildcats for the 2015–16 NBL season. On 10 October 2015, Jawai made his debut for the Wildcats in the team's season opener, where he recorded 11 points and six rebounds in 21 minutes in a 79–66 win over the Adelaide 36ers. On 22 November 2015, he scored a season-high 20 points in a 91–90 win over his former team, the Cairns Taipans. On 21 January 2016, he",
"title": "Nathan Jawai"
},
{
"id": "19575071",
"text": "Nathan Riggs Nathan Riggs M.D., is a fictional character from the medical drama television series \"Grey's Anatomy\", which airs on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes and is portrayed by actor Martin Henderson. He was introduced in the episode \"The Me Nobody Knows\" as a cardiothoracic surgeon who had worked overseas with April Kepner during her time in Jordan. After bringing a patient to Grey-Sloan Memorial, he begins working there as an attending under Maggie Pierce. At the hospital, he begins a romantic relationship with Meredith Grey, now",
"title": "Nathan Riggs"
},
{
"id": "4523117",
"text": "Lafferty attended Hemet High School (where he played on the school's basketball team) until 2003, after which he enrolled at California State University, Long Beach. At age eighteen, he moved to Wilmington, North Carolina, having been cast as Nathan Scott in \"One Tree Hill\". In 1997, at age twelve, Lafferty made his small-screen acting debut with a voice-over role in the made-for-television film \"Annabelle's Wish\". Lafferty has since made guest appearances on television series' such as \"Once and Again\", \"Get Real\", and \"Boston Public\". In 2002, Lafferty starred in the ESPN made-for-television film \"A Season on the Brink\", an adaptation",
"title": "James Lafferty"
},
{
"id": "11919301",
"text": "in the contest's history. The ESPN2 airing also ranks as the 6th highest-rated and 5th most-watched telecast of the year on ESPN2, behind NCAA Football, NBA and World Cup. Major League Eating Major League Eating (MLE) is an organization that organises professional competitive eating events and television specials. The stated mission of Major League Eating is to maintain a safe environment for all events, to create a dynamic and enjoyable fan experience, and to help sponsors develop, publicize and execute eating events in a wide variety of food disciplines. The league airs its annual Nathan's Famous Fourth of July International",
"title": "Major League Eating"
},
{
"id": "9386468",
"text": "Howard Nathan Howard Nathan (born January 21, 1972) is a retired American professional basketball player. Born in Peoria, Illinois, Nathan attended DePaul University, Northeast Louisiana University (now University of Louisiana at Monroe) and Northwest Arkansas Community College. He played 5 games during the 1995–96 NBA season with the Atlanta Hawks, averaging 2.6 points and 0.4 assists per game. Nathan appears in the 1994 documentary film \"Hoop Dreams\" as an adversary of Arthur Agee's John Marshall Metropolitan High School Commandos in the 1991 Illinois high school basketball championship tournament. Nathan's Manual High School (Peoria) ultimately won the game. Nathan was named",
"title": "Howard Nathan"
},
{
"id": "4077969",
"text": "Nathan Purdee Nathan Purdee (born August 6, 1950 in Tampa, Florida) is an American actor, best known for his roles in popular soap operas. Purdee's father was an officer in the United States Air Force, and the family moved around many times. After spending formative years in Washington, D.C., Bakersfield, California, and Kaiserslautern, Germany, he graduated from high school in Denver, Colorado. He now lives in Easton, Pennsylvania Purdee first rose to prominence as mobster-turned-private investigator Nathan Hastings on the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\", a role he portrayed from 1985 to 1992. His involvement on \"Y&R\"",
"title": "Nathan Purdee"
},
{
"id": "6816539",
"text": "how to not be afraid. He then pays a visit to Dan to tell him he is over with him for good. To prove that he is going to get his family back, he cooks Haley dinner, and shaves. Haley, happy to see her husband back, tells him that she missed him and they all sit down to eat. Nathan also starts playing basketball with Jamie. Nathan decides to assist talented yet troublesome Tree Hill High School student Quentin Fields as he reminds him of his former self. He even confronts him, telling Fields how much he regrets his own",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "20616543",
"text": "preseason games in Canada: first against the Portland Trail Blazers at the Rogers Arena in Vancouver on September 29, and second with the Brooklyn Nets in Montreal at the Bell Centre on October 10. The Dallas Mavericks and the Philadelphia 76ers played two preseason games in China, in Shanghai on October 5 and in Shenzhen on October 8. The regular season began on October 16, 2018 and will end on April 10, 2019. The entire schedule was released on August 10, 2018. Notes On June 20, 2018, the NBA announced that the Washington Wizards would play the New York Knicks",
"title": "2018–19 NBA season"
},
{
"id": "19866260",
"text": "basketball history to leave as a one-and-done prospect, behind Malik Beasley in 2016. On June 22, 2017, Isaac was selected with the sixth overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft by the Orlando Magic. On December 28, he was ruled out with a right ankle sprain. On February 23, 2018, he was assigned to the Lakeland Magic of the NBA G League for rehabilitation purposes. Isaac is one of six children born to Jackie Allen. He has one older sister, two older brothers, and two younger brothers in his family. Isaac is of Puerto Rican descent on his mother's side",
"title": "Jonathan Isaac"
},
{
"id": "18074441",
"text": "up, to the title for the first time in its 125-year history. On 31 August 2017, Nathan joined Ligue 1 side Amiens on a season-long loan. On 17 September 2017, he made his debut during Amiens' 2–0 away defeat against Marseille, replacing Bongani Zungu in the 81st minute. Nathan went onto feature twice more in the Coupe de la Ligue, before terminating his loan spell in January and returning to Chelsea. Following his return from Amiens, Nathan opted to join Portuguese side Belenenses on loan for the remainder of the campaign in January 2018. On 24 July 2018, Nathan agreed",
"title": "Nathan (footballer, born 1996)"
},
{
"id": "18201546",
"text": "participant at the 2016 NBA All-Star Weekend, replacing the injured Nikola Mirotić on the World Team roster. On April 10, he scored a career-high 22 points in a 100–84 win over the Denver Nuggets. On June 22, 2017, Lyles was traded, along with the draft rights to Tyler Lydon, to the Denver Nuggets in exchange for the draft rights to Donovan Mitchell. On December 2, 2017, he scored a season-high 18 points in a 115–100 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. On December 10, 2017, he scored a career-high 25 points in a 126–116 overtime loss to the Indiana Pacers.",
"title": "Trey Lyles"
},
{
"id": "6816556",
"text": "Bob Scott. In Season 9, after returning home from traveling for Clay's company to scout athletes, Nathan returns home to find that Dan is living under his roof and learns that Haley let him move in after his diner burned down. Nathan understands Haley's reasons for letting Dan move in because he says she has \"a good heart\" and that is just the kind of person she is. Nathan volunteers to scout in Europe, since Clay can't go after learning he is sick and is sleepwalking to the point of waking up in various parts of Tree Hill. However, before",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "6816543",
"text": "Haley he loves her, and they make up. After Jamie's birthday party, he learns Dan is dying, but tells him he is done with him, proving that he really doesn't care if Dan dies, but is sorry that he is. He then begins working on his come-back, although he refuses to have it called so. With Quentin's help, Nathan quickly gets back into shape with his basketball technique. Quentin has also befriended Jamie, who looks up to him. Unfortunately, Quentin is fatally shot while interrupting a store robbery. Nathan and Haley tell Jamie together and they also decide to take",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "19575075",
"text": "trouble resuming their relationship, as she believes that he is still in love with Meredith, but they finally get back together when he brings her son, Farouk, to her from Iraq, proving his loyalty to her. In \"Danger Zone\", Nathan moves to Los Angeles with Megan and Farouk to start their lives together. Nathan made his last appearance in the season 14 episode \"Danger Zone\". The episode was designed as the departure for series regular Martin Henderson, having joined the cast in 2015 and conceived originally as the love interest for Meredith. Shonda Rhimes announced the exit of Martin Henderson",
"title": "Nathan Riggs"
},
{
"id": "6816516",
"text": "cool to be able to see how far the character has come,\" said Lafferty regarding the development of Nathan. He also said that if the series wasn't picked up for a ninth season he was happy with how his character's story was wrapped up. Lafferty opted out of returning for the ninth, and final, season as a full-time cast member. Instead, he appeared in 7 out of the thirteen episodes picked up, but continued as a series regular. After some time of speculation, James Lafferty signed on for one extra episode, which was the series finale. Lafferty has revealed that",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "6816531",
"text": "as the paramedics are working on Haley, Lucas falls unconscious after a heart attack. They are both rushed to the hospital. In the next episode, Haley wakes up and an ultrasound is done to check the baby. They hear the heartbeat, proving that the baby is indeed fine. After Deb attempts suicide by taking an overdose, Nathan is racked with guilt. He and Haley decide to help Deb by moving out of their apartment and into the Scott mansion. A party is thrown on the night before prom. A tape of Nathan's basketball glories is played, but Nathan is horrified",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "20031467",
"text": "Basketball League (SEABL), the 2nd-tier level club league in Australia, in 2014. He began his full professional career in the 2014–15 season, with the Cairns Taipans of Australia's top-tier level National Basketball League (NBL). He then moved to the Australian club, the Adelaide 36ers, after he signed a 3 year contract with the them. He then spent the 2015–16 and 2016–17 seasons with Adelaide. In the 2016–17 NBL season, with the 36ers, he averaged 15.5 points, 5.1 rebounds, 4.1 assists, and 1.0 steals per game. He was named the NBL's Most Improved Player in 2017. He was also named to",
"title": "Nathan Sobey"
},
{
"id": "18122742",
"text": "sign until after he completed his 2018 NBA Summer League play and was accorded a 4-year contract similar to a first round selection with 3-years guaranteed. He made his NBA debut on October 17, 2018, recording 3 points, 1 rebound and assist, in a 100–121 loss against the Phoenix Suns. After coming off the bench for his first four NBA games, Brunson started in place of the injured Dennis Smith Jr. on October 26, against the Toronto Raptors, scoring 8 points, 4 assists and 3 rebounds. On November 8, Brunson posted a career-high 11 points against Utah Jazz. Brunson posted",
"title": "Jalen Brunson"
},
{
"id": "6816546",
"text": "the USO concert, Nathan is at his home talking with the spirit of \"Q\" as he watches the Slamball championships on television. Q asks if he really gave it up for Jamie or because he stopped believing in himself. After Q's pep talk, Nathan asks Haley to promise him that they won't be afraid of chasing their dreams. Nathan attends a trial for D-League basketball and after initially getting turned away for not belonging to a team, he is called back by the general manager who had earlier offered him the coaching position. After a successful trial, Nathan is selected",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "20031468",
"text": "the All-NBL Second Team that season. He joined the Greek Basket League club PAOK, on loan from the Adelaide 36ers, in March 2017. He extended his contract with the Adelaide 36ers for another 2 years, in April 2017. Sobey was invited to the Utah Jazz's free agent mini camp in June 2017, and his performance impressed the team's coaching staff. He then signed to play with the Jazz's summer league team at the 2017 NBA Summer League. Nathan Sobey Nathan Adam \"Nate\" Sobey (born 14 July 1990) is an Australian professional basketball player who plays for the Adelaide 36ers of",
"title": "Nathan Sobey"
},
{
"id": "6816523",
"text": "he loves his mother. They agree to be strong for each other and Deb goes to rehab to overcome her pill addiction. Nathan decides to move home and Dan pays his medical bills in exchange for Nathan getting an annulment from Haley. Whitey offers Nathan the opportunity to go to \"High Flyers\", a prestigious basketball camp, for the summer but Dan tries to talk Nathan out of it, blaming him for Deb's addiction. When Deb learns of this, she and Nathan agree to leave Dan and make a fresh start. Nathan is annoyed that Lucas has been investigating Dan even",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "18128389",
"text": "Suns. On January 19, 2018, he set a new season high with 33 points in a 99–86 win over the Indiana Pacers. On February 8, 2018, Clarkson was traded, along with Larry Nance Jr., to the Cleveland Cavaliers in exchange for Isaiah Thomas, Channing Frye and a 2018 first-round draft pick. In his debut for the Cavaliers three days later, Clarkson scored 17 points in a 121–99 win over the Boston Celtics. The Cavaliers reached the 2018 NBA Finals, where they were defeated in four games by the Golden State Warriors. In 2011, talks were initiated for Clarkson to play",
"title": "Jordan Clarkson"
},
{
"id": "6816557",
"text": "he leaves, Nathan tells Dan he wants him out of his house by the time he returns home in a week. While in Europe, Nathan goes off-course after seeing the European players aren't as good as he thought they were, and goes to a darker part of Europe to sign a player, only to fail to sign him. Nathan chats with Haley and Lydia via webcam before leaving Europe, showing them both a pink moose he bought to bring back home for Lydia as a gift. Upon returning to Tree Hill, Nathan is kidnapped outside Tree Hill Airport and drops",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "2586836",
"text": "NBA) and Thanasis Antetokounmpo was the 51st pick. Other noteworthy D-League call-ups include Jeremy Lin, Hassan Whiteside, 2011 NBA champion J. J. Barea, 2014 NBA champion Danny Green, 2015, 2017 and 2018 NBA champion Shaun Livingston, and 2017 NBA champion Matt Barnes. The league held its first All-Star game February 17, 2007, at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was part of the NBA All-Star Weekend in Las Vegas. As with the NBA's showcase game, a fan vote determined the starting lineup for each team. The East won, 114 to 100, with Pops Mensah-Bonsu named",
"title": "NBA G League"
},
{
"id": "3360003",
"text": "dogs in the 2018 contest. Major League Eating (MLE), formerly known as the International Federation of Competitive Eating (IFOCE), has sanctioned the event since 1997. Today, only entrants currently under contract by MLE can compete in the contest. The field of about 20 contestants typically includes the following: The competitors stand on a raised platform behind a long table with drinks and Nathan's Famous hot dogs in buns. Most contestants have water on hand, but other kinds of drinks can and have been used. Condiments are allowed, but usually are not used. The hot dogs are allowed to cool slightly",
"title": "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest"
},
{
"id": "15212733",
"text": "have two sons, Xavier and Noah. His father, Craig, played 102 NBL games for the Supercats between 1982 and 1987. Nathan Herbert Nathan Herbert (born 26 October 1984) is an Australian basketball player for the Geelong Supercats of the South East Australian Basketball League (SEABL). A 350-game player with the Supercats, Herbert is a two-time national champion, having won titles with Geelong in 2006 and 2010. Herbert spent five years in the National Basketball League (NBL), winning a championship in 2009 with the South Dragons. Herbert joined the Geelong Supercats for the first time in 2002. He won conference championships",
"title": "Nathan Herbert"
},
{
"id": "18245769",
"text": "but Nathan is determined to bring his father to justice. As expected, Faison shows up and takes Maxie and her boss Peter August (Wes Ramsey) hostage. Nathan comes to Maxie's rescue only to be shot by Faison. While he survives emergency surgery, Nathan dies in recovery shortly after professing his love for Maxie. He was buried with full policeman honors. Maxie later gives birth to a baby boy; in memory of Nathan, she names their son James, Nathan's given name. In November 2013, the producers released a casting call for a contract role. In late December 2013, head writer Ron",
"title": "Nathan West (General Hospital)"
},
{
"id": "3360018",
"text": "Starting in 2004, ESPN began airing the contest live. Since 2005, Paul Page has been ESPN's play-by-play announcer for the event, accompanied by color commentator Richard Shea. In 2011, the women's competition was carried live on ESPN3, followed by the men's competition on ESPN. In 2012, ESPN signed an extension to carry the event through 2017. In 2014, ESPN signed an agreement to carry the competition on its networks for 10 years until 2024. The Nathan's contest has been featured in these documentaries and TV programs: News sources typically use puns in head-lines and copy referring to the contest, such",
"title": "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest"
},
{
"id": "15511347",
"text": "was awarded the Bears' team awards for the Most Improved Player, Unsung Hero, and was also named the team's Man of the Year for his community involvement. He played 58 games for Hershey in 2016–17, recording 23 points and was re-signed by the Capitals to a two-year contract after the season finished. Walker made the Capitals' opening night roster for the 2017–18 season, and made his NHL debut on 7 October, against the Montreal Canadiens where he scored his first goal. His parents and brother flew in from Australia to witness his debut. On 30 November, Walker was put on",
"title": "Nathan Walker"
},
{
"id": "6816554",
"text": "sign with him, but Dr. Kellerman told him not to. He goes to Ian's house with Clay and engages in a game of beer pong with him. After the game, Ian signs the contract and Nathan asked to go to the bathroom. Nathan goes to find it and finds the garage instead. Going inside, he finds a vintage Jeep Grand Wagoneer with front-end damage. He approaches it and finds an empty bottle of whiskey on the floor in front of the driver's seat. He realizes that is the car that hit Brooke and Jamie, knocking them off the bridge, almost",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "6816517",
"text": "his favorite episode was \"4 Years, 6 Months, 2 Days.\" He said, \"When we came back four years later in the characters' lives and Nathan and Haley had Jamie, it was an exciting atmosphere not really knowing where my character would go. He was in such a dark place and not knowing how the family unit was going to stay together, and then also being able to work with Jackson for the first time — I'll always have fond memories of that.\" In season one, Nathan was introduced as the selfish, jock basketball player for the Tree Hill Ravens. He",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "5915475",
"text": "shop re-opened six months later, on May 21, despite a small fire on May 4, 2013. Service is provided year-round inside, and during the summer additional walk-up windows are opened to serve the larger seasonal crowds. Nathan's also operates a second, smaller location nearby on the Coney Island boardwalk. The Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest has been held annually at the original location on Coney Island since the early 1970s on the 4th of July. Contestants try to consume as many hot dogs as possible in 10 minutes. Winners include Takeru Kobayashi (2001–2006), Joey Chestnut (2007–2014, 2016–2018) and Miki Sudo",
"title": "Nathan's Famous"
},
{
"id": "6505492",
"text": "trade deadline, Horton suffered a finger injury that forced him to have surgery. He returned to the lineup on March 23, recording an assist in a Panthers loss to the Carolina Hurricanes. Horton ended the season with 22 goals and 23 assists in 67 games. Horton was traded to the Boston Bruins on June 22, 2010, along with Gregory Campbell, in exchange for Dennis Wideman, the Bruins' first-round pick (15th overall) in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft and a third-round pick in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. He got off to a great start in his first season in Boston,",
"title": "Nathan Horton"
},
{
"id": "3360012",
"text": "called to the stage individually during introductions. In 2013, six-time defending champion Joey Chestnut was escorted to the stage in a sedan chair. The competition draws many spectators and worldwide press coverage. In 2007, an estimated 50,000 came out to witness the event. In 2004 a three-story-high \"Hot Dog Eating Wall of Fame\" was erected at the site of the annual contest. The wall lists past winners, and has a digital clock which counts down the minutes until the next contest. Despite substantial damage suffered at Nathan's due to Hurricane Sandy in October 2012, the location was repaired, reopened, and",
"title": "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest"
},
{
"id": "3360013",
"text": "the 2013 event was held as scheduled. ESPN has long enjoyed solid ratings from its broadcast of the Hot Dog Eating Contest on Independence Day, and on July 1, 2014, the network announced it had extended its agreement with Major League Eating and will broadcast the contest through 2024. The event continues to be recognized for its power as a marketing tool. Controversies usually revolve around supposed breaches of rules that are missed by the judges. For example, NY1 television news editor Phil Ellison reviewed taped footage of the 1999 contest and thought that Steve Keiner started eating at the",
"title": "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest"
},
{
"id": "15212729",
"text": "Nathan Herbert Nathan Herbert (born 26 October 1984) is an Australian basketball player for the Geelong Supercats of the South East Australian Basketball League (SEABL). A 350-game player with the Supercats, Herbert is a two-time national champion, having won titles with Geelong in 2006 and 2010. Herbert spent five years in the National Basketball League (NBL), winning a championship in 2009 with the South Dragons. Herbert joined the Geelong Supercats for the first time in 2002. He won conference championships with the Supercats in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2010, including winning national championships in 2006 and 2010. Herbert played for",
"title": "Nathan Herbert"
},
{
"id": "9530374",
"text": "2.0 blocks in 29.5 minutes per game while making only one start. On September 28, 2017, Smith joined the Israeli team Maccabi Haifa for their preseason U.S. tour, with the aim being to play in the NBA again. On October 28, 2017, Smith signed with the New Orleans Pelicans to help the team deal with numerous injuries. New Orleans had to use the NBA hardship exemption to sign him as he made their roster stand at 16, one over the allowed limited of 15. He appeared in three games for the Pelicans before being waived on November 10, 2017. Youngest",
"title": "Josh Smith"
},
{
"id": "18675282",
"text": "124–109 loss against the Golden State Warriors. On March 20, 2018, he would record a double-double of 15 points and a career-high 11 rebounds in a loss to the Detroit Pistons. On May 22, 2018, he was named to the NBA All-Rookie Second Team. Before being named an NBA All-Rookie Second Team member, Jackson was the team's representative for the 2018 NBA Draft Lottery; the Suns won the #1 pick for the first time in franchise history on May 15, 2018. He later joined the #1 selection and the Suns' other rookies and young players for the 2018 NBA Summer",
"title": "Josh Jackson (basketball)"
},
{
"id": "4960608",
"text": "Cavaliers made it to the 2018 NBA Finals, where they lost 4–0 to the Golden State Warriors. Perkins was waived by the Cavaliers on July 17, 2018. Perkins is a practicing Roman Catholic. He was an altar boy in his youth, though it was often problematic to find an alb to fit him due to his height. His son was born on September 10, 2007. On July 25, 2009, Perkins married his longtime girlfriend, Vanity Alpough. Perkins' cousin, Ethan Rusbatch, is a New Zealander who plays in the New Zealand NBL. On October 10, 2013, Perkins posted a $1,000 bond",
"title": "Kendrick Perkins"
},
{
"id": "6816525",
"text": "Deb tells Nathan that she started the dealership fire in an attempt to kill Dan; Nathan is angry with his mother and sends her away for a while to get her life in order. After some inspirational words from Lucas, they gradually begin speaking again, before making up properly. When Jimmy Edwards brings a gun to school, Nathan races inside to find Haley. They are held hostage in the Tutor Center and the deaths of Edwards and Keith leave Nathan and Haley realizing that life is too short. They move back in together and Nathan asks Haley to 'marry' him",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "12413344",
"text": "over the Brooklyn Nets. On January 13, 2018, he had a 42-point effort in a 127–125 loss to the Golden State Warriors. On January 18, 2018, DeRozan was chosen to as an NBA All-Star starter for the second consecutive season, marking his fourth overall selection to the game, leaving him third overall in franchise history behind Vince Carter and Chris Bosh, both of whom had been selected on five occasions. On February 1, 2018, he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Month for January. On February 2, 2018, he scored 35 points in a 130–105 win over the Portland",
"title": "DeMar DeRozan"
},
{
"id": "9386469",
"text": "Mr. Basketball of Illinois in 1991. Nathan is now paralyzed after an allegedly drunk driver drove into his Oldsmobile in Peoria on July 30, 2006. Howard Nathan Howard Nathan (born January 21, 1972) is a retired American professional basketball player. Born in Peoria, Illinois, Nathan attended DePaul University, Northeast Louisiana University (now University of Louisiana at Monroe) and Northwest Arkansas Community College. He played 5 games during the 1995–96 NBA season with the Atlanta Hawks, averaging 2.6 points and 0.4 assists per game. Nathan appears in the 1994 documentary film \"Hoop Dreams\" as an adversary of Arthur Agee's John Marshall",
"title": "Howard Nathan"
},
{
"id": "6816534",
"text": "college basketball dreams. Whitey accepts a coaching position with a nearby college and asks Nathan to be his star recruit. During graduation, Haley goes into labor in the middle of her valedictorian speech. In the season finale, Haley gives birth to their son, James Lucas Scott, on June 13, 2007 (their graduation day). At their graduation party, Haley tells Brooke that she was chosen to be the godmother, which she happily accepts. Later on the roof, Lucas and Nathan exchange pictures of their new family members and consider confronting Dan in jail, but agree that they will never do so.",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "3360011",
"text": "won $10,000. In recent years, a considerable amount of pomp and circumstance have surrounded the days leading up to the event, which has become an annual spectacle of competitive entertainment. The event is presented on an extravagant stage complete with colorful live announcers and an overall party atmosphere. The day before the contest is a public weigh-in with the mayor of New York City. Some competitors don flamboyant costumes and/or makeup, while others may promote themselves with eating-related nicknames. On the morning of the event, they have a heralded arrival to Coney Island on the \"bus of champions\" and are",
"title": "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest"
},
{
"id": "6505497",
"text": "his career. On February 26, 2015, with Horton on the long-term injured list and with no sign of return, he was traded due to financial considerations by the Blue Jackets to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for David Clarkson. Horton has yet to play a single game for the Leafs and is not expected to play one; he has taken his physical before each season with the Leafs and failed it each time. Horton married Canadian model Tammy Plante, the great-niece of NHL goaltending great Jacques Plante, on July 7, 2007. They have two sons together. Nathan Horton Nathan",
"title": "Nathan Horton"
},
{
"id": "19753337",
"text": "20 points in a 122–106 win over the Iowa Energy. On July 3, 2017, Harrison rejoined the Suns for the 2017 NBA Summer League. He then returned to the Northern Arizona Suns after his stint concluded. On February 21, 2018, the Phoenix Suns signed Harrison to a 10-day contract. Two days later, he make his NBA debut, recording 4 assists and 4 steals in a 128–117 loss against the Los Angeles Clippers. Harrison would sign his second 10-day contract with Phoenix on March 3. The next night, he would have his first start in the NBA under a loss against",
"title": "Shaquille Harrison"
},
{
"id": "2569037",
"text": "\"One Tree Hill\" episodes \"My Way Home is Through You\" and \"Forever and Almost Always\". He was also featured on \"Women's Murder Club\". The ABC show \"Big Shots\" featured his song \"Come On Get Higher\", and the song \"I Saw\" was featured on \"Scrubs\" in the sixth-season episode \"My Best Friend's Baby's Baby and My Baby's Baby\". Nathanson's song \"Little Victories\" was used on the Season 7 episode of \"Scrubs\", \"My Dumb Luck\". On January 30, 2008, Nathanson and his band performed \"Car Crash\" on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\". His song \"Sooner Surrender\" was used on the May 28,",
"title": "Matt Nathanson"
},
{
"id": "5026243",
"text": "ending Nathan's 2015 season. Sources projected that this surgery could end Nathan's career, but he was not planning to retire yet. During the 2015 offseason, the Tigers declined the $10 million club option for Nathan for the 2016 season, and exercised a $1 million buyout. On May 17, 2016, Nathan signed with the Chicago Cubs. He was immediately placed on the 60-day disabled list upon signing to continue recovery from his previous Tommy John surgery. He made his Cubs debut on July 24, 2016 against the Milwaukee Brewers, pitching one inning and striking out the side while allowing one hit",
"title": "Joe Nathan"
},
{
"id": "12906355",
"text": "and write. The two soon start dating, but she eventually leaves town, ending their relationship. Having completely reformed, Nathan becomes a private investigator, and he joins Paul Williams' (Doug Davidson) detective agency. While working security for Fenmore's Department Store, he catches a shoplifter -- runaway Drucilla Barber (Victoria Rowell). Once Nathan realizes that Drucilla is illiterate as he once was, he convinces the court to release her into his custody. Nathan teaches Dru how to read. She soon falls in love with Nathan, and is determined to steal him away from his girlfriend. Remarkably, his girlfriend turns out to be",
"title": "Nathan Hastings"
},
{
"id": "6816519",
"text": "Peyton breaks up with Nathan after she sees the kind of person he is. Nathan begins receiving tutoring lessons from Lucas' best friend Haley James as a way to upset Lucas. However, he later falls in love with her when she forgives him for taking drugs to enhance his basketball abilities. Throughout the season, Nathan and Haley's relationship blossoms into love, and in the season finale they get married and his relationship with Lucas slowly begins to thaw. Nathan and Haley learn that Dan has had a heart attack. At the hospital, they tell Deb of their marriage but she",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "6816545",
"text": "want him as a coach, not as a player. Nathan turns down the position but is soon asked to play Slamball by Owen (Brooke Davis' ex). After some hesitation, Nathan starts to play Slamball. Haley is afraid he'll hurt his back. Her worry intensifies when she sees some severe bruises on his back. Then, after a game, an old rival charges at Nathan and pushes him through a glass window in front of his wife and son. Scared that his father almost ended up badly injured, Jamie makes him promise that he will stop playing Slamball. On the night of",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "19575072",
"text": "a widow after the death of Derek Shepherd, until his missing fiancée, Megan Hunt, is found and brought home. Nathan makes his last appearance in the episode \"Danger Zone\" when he and Megan start their life anew with her son in Los Angeles. Nathan Riggs is introduced in the sixth episode of the show's twelfth season as a new cardio attending at Grey-Sloan Memorial. It is quickly learned that he and Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) had been friends, but that their friendship ended acrimoniously. It is later revealed that Nathan and Owen's feud was caused by the disappearance of Owen's",
"title": "Nathan Riggs"
},
{
"id": "20654085",
"text": "9-22 team. Dickerson considered transferring after coach Lorenzo Romar was fired after the season and visited LSU, but opted to return to Washington. He had 25 points and seven rebounds in a 78-75 win over Arizona on February 3, 2018. As a junior, Dickerson averaged 15.3 points and 8.4 rebounds per game, shooting 56.3 percent from the field. He led the Huskies to a 21-13 season and was named to the first-team All-Pac 12. Following the season he declared for the 2018 NBA Draft but did not hire an agent, leaving open the possibility of returning to school. Noah Dickerson",
"title": "Noah Dickerson"
},
{
"id": "20616544",
"text": "at the O2 Arena in London, United Kingdom on January 17, 2019. On August 7, 2018, the NBA announced that the Orlando Magic would play two games at Mexico City Arena in Mexico City. They played against the Chicago Bulls on December 13, 2018, and they played against the Utah Jazz on December 15, 2018. The following players were named the Eastern and Western Conference Players of the Week. The following players were named the Eastern and Western Conference Players of the Month. The following players were named the Eastern and Western Conference Rookies of the Month. The following coaches",
"title": "2018–19 NBA season"
},
{
"id": "19550208",
"text": "debut for the Panthers in round 11, the only game he'd play in that competition in 2016. On 2 June, Cleary extended his contract with the Panthers until the end of the 2019 season; his decision to do so voided a 'father-son' clause in his contract, which would have allowed him to leave the club following his father's dismissal as Penrith's head coach late the previous year, had he so pleased. Two days after the signing, in round 13, Cleary made his NRL debut for the Penrith Panthers against the Melbourne Storm at five-eighth. Despite a 6-24 defeat at AAMI",
"title": "Nathan Cleary"
},
{
"id": "17943364",
"text": "was signed to the practice roster of the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League. He was released by the Stampeders on November 6, 2014. Stanley returned to the SaberCats in 2015, where he again served as backup (this time to Erik Meyer). An injury to Meyer forced Stanley to once again become the team's starter. He returned to the role of backup following Meyer's return. In his second season, Stanley threw a total of twenty touchdown passes (and no interceptions) while winning every game in which he started. Stanley's SaberCats ultimately advanced to ArenaBowl XXVIII, where they defeated the",
"title": "Nathan Stanley"
},
{
"id": "8825062",
"text": "him, but goes along with the story in public. On his way to Las Vegas to meet with Linderman, Nathan encounters Mohinder Suresh, who attempts to warn him that his life may be in danger. Nathan mistakes Mohinder for his recently murdered father, Chandra, assumes that Peter sent him, and ignores him. In Las Vegas, Nathan encounters \"Jessica\" Sanders and the two sleep together. The one-night stand is recorded in a blackmail attempt by Linderman. Afterwards, Noah Bennet monitors them and has the Haitian kidnap Nathan. Barefoot and in pajamas, Nathan escapes when Bennet is distracted. Flying away, Nathan breaks",
"title": "Nathan Petrelli"
},
{
"id": "18901442",
"text": "the field, along with 10 rebounds, 3 assists and 3 steals in a 98–90 win over Ironi Nahariya. Bolden helped Maccabi to win the 2017 Israeli League Cup and the 2018 Israeli League Championship. On July 25, 2018, Bolden signed with the Philadelphia 76ers. On October 16, 2018, he made his NBA debut playing in a single minute under a 107–85 loss to the Boston Celtics. During his rookie season, Bolden has had multiple assignments to the Delaware Blue Coats, the 76ers' G League affiliate. . Bolden played for the Australia national under-19 team at the 2013 FIBA Under-19 World",
"title": "Jonah Bolden"
},
{
"id": "6816532",
"text": "when it also reveals footage of him having sex with Brooke Davis at a time when he and Peyton had just broken up. Haley asks Nathan to make a list of his conquests and Nathan tells Haley that she is the only one he loved. Haley forgives Nathan and they kiss and then go to the prom together. After Mouth sends a text saying he needs help, the gang goes to Honey Grove, Texas, where Nathan and Haley have their dream prom. When they get back home, Nathan tells Lucas that an investigator has been calling him about point shaving",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "19592390",
"text": "a game at the 2011 AFL Under 18 Championships. Despite this, he went ultimately un-drafted in the 2011 pool and returned to play state league football in the Western Australian Football League. He did so for four years including playing 20 matches with Swan Districts in 2015, while averaging 20 disposals per game in a rebounding defensive role. He finished fourth in the club's best and fairest award that year and began receiving the attention of AFL scouts. He attended the state draft combine in October 2015 and recorded a time of 24.04 seconds in the repeat sprint (faster than",
"title": "Nathan Broad"
},
{
"id": "3701936",
"text": "the New York Knicks in the 1st round in six games. Pierce averaged 19.2 points per game while shooting a poor 36.8 percent from the field and 26.8 percent from three point range along with 5.7 rebounds and 5.3 assists in the playoff series loss. On June 28, 2013, the day of the NBA draft, the Boston Celtics and Brooklyn Nets reached a deal to trade Pierce, Kevin Garnett, and Jason Terry for future first-round picks in the 2014, 2016, and 2018 drafts and Kris Humphries, Gerald Wallace, Kris Joseph, MarShon Brooks, and Keith Bogans. The deal was completed on",
"title": "Paul Pierce"
},
{
"id": "20616542",
"text": "2018–19 NBA season The 2018–19 NBA season is the 73rd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The regular season began on October 16, 2018, and will end on April 10, 2019. The playoffs will begin April 13, 2019, with the NBA Finals concluding in June. The 2019 NBA All-Star Game will be played on February 17, 2019, at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. Free agency negotiations began on July 1. Players began signing on July 6 after the July moratorium ended. The preseason began on September 28 and ended on October 12. The Toronto Raptors played two",
"title": "2018–19 NBA season"
},
{
"id": "7651754",
"text": "points, 11 rebounds and 10 assists in a 123–110 win over the Atlanta Hawks. On March 10, 2018, he recorded 29 points, 12 rebounds and seven assists in a 122–115 win over the Phoenix Suns. Five days later, he recorded a career-high 16 assists to go with 10 points and 10 rebounds in a 129–117 win over the Hawks. The lengthy and agile Batum is regarded as a highly skilled defensive player and one of the NBA's best executors of the chase-down block. Growing up in Pont-l'Évêque, Normandy, the lanky Batum had been among the tallest boys of his age",
"title": "Nicolas Batum"
},
{
"id": "3360021",
"text": "their shoulders. Contestants train and prepare for the event in different ways. Some fast, others prefer liquid-only diets before the event. Takeru Kobayashi meditates, drinks water and eats cabbage, then fasts before the event. Several contestants, such as Ed \"Cookie\" Jarvis, aim to be \"hungry, but not too hungry\" and have a light breakfast the morning of the event. Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest The Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest is an annual American hot dog competitive eating competition. It is held each year on Independence Day at Nathan's Famous Corporation's original, and best-known restaurant at the corner of Surf",
"title": "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest"
},
{
"id": "17161036",
"text": "TV.\" The series premiere garnered 354,000 viewers, improving in its second episode to 570,000. A special Sneak Peek episode that aired on March 13, 2013 after an episode of \"Workaholics\" further increased viewership, ending up at 615,000. The following episode, airing on March 14, had 428,000 viewers. The next week on March 21, ratings further took a dip, landing at 394,000 viewers. On April 26, 2013, Comedy Central renewed the series for a second season of 8 episodes. On July 27, 2015 Fielder announced via Twitter that Season 3 would premiere on October 15, 2015. On December 10, 2015, Variety",
"title": "Nathan for You"
},
{
"id": "13150010",
"text": "7–7 without Turner. He opened the 2017 NBA playoffs with a 12-point, 10-rebound double-double in a 12-point loss to the Golden State Warriors. The Trail Blazers were swept in four games, however. On January 1, 2018, Turner scored a season-high 22 points in a 124–120 overtime win over the Chicago Bulls. Turner's mother is Iris James, and he has two older brothers named Darius and Richard. On August 23, 2010, CNBC reported that Turner had signed a multi-year endorsement contract with Chinese apparel maker Li Ning Company Limited. On December 20, 2017, a semi-trailer truck crashed into Turner's pool at",
"title": "Evan Turner"
},
{
"id": "11909984",
"text": "at the end of the season to move back to Yeovil Town on a two-year deal starting on 1 July 2014. On 30 April 2016, he scored his second goal for the club in a 4–3 victory against Barnet. He was released by Yeovil at the end of the 2017–18 season. On 25 October 2018, Smith signed for National League side Dagenham & Redbridge on a deal until the end of the season. Smith made his international début for the Jamaica against Honduras on 12 October 2011. He has won one further cap against Guyana in May 2012, both games",
"title": "Nathan Smith (footballer, born 1987)"
},
{
"id": "6816552",
"text": "but it turned out negative. Still distraught over her mother's death, Haley jumps into the swimming pool hoping to feel emotion again. Nathan gets to her just in time and pulls her out of the pool after she has flashbacks about her life with Nathan. On a trip to Utah, Haley begins to get through her depression and is overjoyed when she finds out she's pregnant. Haley tells Nathan she thinks the baby is a girl. In Season 8, Nathan desperately tries to help a wounded Clay by donating his kidney, even if it means he will never play basketball",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "8149613",
"text": "feast day of Nathan the Prophet is on 24 October. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite, he is commemorated as a saint on the Sunday of the Holy Fathers (i.e., the Sunday before the Great Feast of the Nativity of the Lord). Nathan (prophet) Nathan ( \"Nāṯan\"; fl. c. 1000 BC) is a person in the Hebrew Bible. His actions are described in the Books of Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles (especially , ). According to 2 Samuel, he was a court prophet who lived in the time of King David. He",
"title": "Nathan (prophet)"
},
{
"id": "3328643",
"text": "deal at its November 10 meeting. Oracle Arena has, at least since 2013, been one of the loudest arenas in the NBA. It is called \"Roaracle\" because of the painfully high decibel levels sometimes generated at Warriors games. The Warriors will play their final regular season home game on April 7, 2019 against the Los Angeles Clippers (pending any playoff games if they qualify, which they may), and the team's lease is set to expire by the end of June 2019. On May 13, 2007, 20,679 fans watched the Warriors lose to the Utah Jazz 115–101 in Game 4 of",
"title": "Oracle Arena"
},
{
"id": "6009021",
"text": "the Charlotte Bobcats (now Charlotte Hornets). In 2016 Curry was the recipient of the Bobby Jones Award at the Athletes in Action All Star Breakfast, which is held each year at the NBA All Star Weekend. Curry lives in Charlotte, North Carolina, with his wife Sonya Adams, who played volleyball at Virginia Tech, where they met; the couple have three children. His older son, Stephen, plays in the NBA for the Golden State Warriors. In 2014–15, Stephen won the NBA MVP award and led the Warriors to the NBA championship, and in 2015–16, he led his team to the highest",
"title": "Dell Curry"
},
{
"id": "6816524",
"text": "though Nathan asked him not to. Nathan disowns his brother and moves back home with Deb. In the last episode(s), someone drugs Dan and sets fire to the dealership. Nathan goes to the door and there stands Haley. She returns to Tree Hill for good, but Nathan has not yet forgiven her or Lucas. Nathan learns that Haley is suffering musicians' block and pays Chris to come back to Tree Hill and help Haley with her music. Nathan and Haley grow close again and eventually have make-up sex and get back together. Dan is crowned Mayor of Tree Hill and",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "8825078",
"text": "Nathan from falling after his explosion. After regaining consciousness, his mother told him that the Coast Guard never found Peter's body. He recovered after being injected with Adam Monroe's regenerative blood. In \"Four Months Later...\", it is revealed that Nathan has become an alcoholic, while hoping for Peter to return. In the opening scenes, he is seen bumping into Ando Masahashi on the street. He has presumably resigned from his office, and his wife and children have left him due to his erratic behavior. After a confrontation with his mother, who blames Nathan for Peter's apparent death, he goes to",
"title": "Nathan Petrelli"
},
{
"id": "18806771",
"text": "for the 2016 NBA Summer League. On October 31, 2016, he was acquired by the Salt Lake City Stars, the Jazz's NBA Development League affiliate. He was waived on November 10 after suffering an injury. On November 14, he was reacquired by the Stars. On July 18, 2017, his right was reported to have renounced, allowing Wallace to sign with any NBA team. On September 27, 2017, Wallace signed with the Los Angeles Clippers. After being one of the final cuts by the Clippers in preseason, he was signed to their G League affiliate, the Agua Caliente Clippers. On January",
"title": "Tyrone Wallace"
},
{
"id": "7405415",
"text": "27, 2017, the Knicks activated Noah and gave him his first playing time since February. Noah entered the Knicks' contest against the Portland Trail Blazers in the second quarter and had a three-minute stint, making his only shot attempt and grabbing a rebound. Two days later, he was assigned to the Westchester Knicks of the NBA G League for a one-day stint, playing for Westchester that night in a loss against the Maine Red Claws. In January 2018, Noah went into exile from the Knicks after having a heated verbal altercation with coach Jeff Hornacek. Noah appeared in just seven",
"title": "Joakim Noah"
},
{
"id": "6816540",
"text": "mistakes, and convinces him to go back to school. His temper gets the best of him again when Jason, a musician in a band, touches Haley's rear. Quentin comes to her aid, punching Jason, which also damages his hand, putting him out of basketball for some time. Haley, however, is disappointed about Nathan's temper. After he has been hit on several times by Jamie's nanny, Carrie, Haley walks in on them in the shower. He tells her that Carrie snuck into the shower without his knowledge, which is the truth. But Carrie insists that she and Nathan are in love,",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "6816559",
"text": "to her as a \"whore,\" causing Nathan to threaten to kill him if he hurts her. Nathan makes an escape attempt after fooling Dimitri and knocking him unconscious. Nathan is almost caught by the drug dealer that Dan and Clay confronted, Billy. As Nathan tries to find an exit and escape, he encounters Officer Stevens (the officer that is working on his missing case) in the building. Nathan takes the gun the officer gives him and Officer Stevens tells Nathan to go out the exit in a room and find his squad car and quickly leave saying that he'll catch",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "20080254",
"text": "1.7 assists and 3.4 rebounds per game. As a sophomore, he averaged 15.6 points, 2.7 assists and 4.9 rebounds per game. Mitchell shot 46.3 percent from the floor, 35.4 percent from behind the arc and 80.6 percent from the free-throw line. He was named to the First Team All-Atlantic Coast Conference. After the season, he entered the 2017 NBA draft, but did not immediately hire an agent. Mitchell was drafted by the Denver Nuggets with the 13th overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft only to be traded to the Utah Jazz for the 24th pick (Tyler Lydon) and Trey",
"title": "Donovan Mitchell"
},
{
"id": "18553723",
"text": "on January 26, 2017. The West reserves include Russell Westbrook of the Oklahoma City Thunder, Klay Thompson and Draymond Green of the Golden State Warriors, DeMarcus Cousins of the Sacramento Kings, Marc Gasol of the Memphis Grizzlies, DeAndre Jordan of the Los Angeles Clippers, and Gordon Hayward of the Utah Jazz. Jordan and Hayward were selected as all-stars for the first time in their respective careers. The East reserves include Kyle Lowry of the Toronto Raptors, Isaiah Thomas of the Boston Celtics, John Wall of the Washington Wizards, Paul George of the Indiana Pacers, Kevin Love of the Cleveland Cavaliers,",
"title": "2017 NBA All-Star Game"
},
{
"id": "20048668",
"text": "their roster at any given time, in addition to their 15-man regular-season roster. A two-way player, introduced for the first time in 2017, he provides services primarily to the team's G League affiliate. On February 8, 2018, with his parents in attendance, Kornet made his National Basketball Association debut against the Toronto Raptors in Toronto. He finished with a double-double, scoring 11 points and 10 rebounds in 22 minutes, thus being the second Knicks rookie in history to debut with a double-double. He also finished with 4 blocks, making him the first player in NBA history to sink 3 threes",
"title": "Luke Kornet"
},
{
"id": "8060368",
"text": "Nathan Jones (song) \"Nathan Jones\" is a hit single recorded by The Supremes, released in spring 1971 (see 1971 in music) on the Motown label. Produced by Frank Wilson and written by Leonard Caston - a.k.a. Leonard Caston, Jr. - and Kathy Wakefield, \"Nathan Jones\" was one of eight Top 40 hits the Supremes recorded after its original frontwoman, Diana Ross, left the group for a solo career. The song centers around a woman's longing for her former lover, a man named Nathan Jones, who left her nearly a year ago \"to ease [his] mind.\" Suffering through the long separation",
"title": "Nathan Jones (song)"
}
] | when does nathan make it to the nba |
|
| [
{
"id": "5259729",
"text": "the police to open fire, killing 69 people and injuring over 180. Subsequent protests and strikes were met with major repression and the ANC and PAC were both banned. On July 23, 1986, as part of a process of removing some apartheid laws, the South African government lifted the requirement to carry passbooks, although the pass law system itself was not yet repealed. The system of pass laws was formally repealed retroactive on April 23, 1986, with the Abolition of Influx Control Act. Helen Suzman (MP) mentioned the act the most eminent reform of a government had ever introduced. Notes",
"title": "Pass laws"
},
{
"id": "5259713",
"text": "Pass laws In South Africa, pass laws were a form of internal passport system designed to segregate the population, manage urbanisation, and allocate migrant labour. Also known as the natives law, pass laws severely limited the movements of not only black African citizens, but other people as well by requiring them to carry pass books when outside their homelands or designated areas. Before the 1950s, this legislation largely applied to African men, and attempts to apply it to women in the 1910s and 1950s were met with significant protests. Pass laws would be one of the dominant features of the",
"title": "Pass laws"
},
{
"id": "5259730",
"text": "Bibliography Pass laws In South Africa, pass laws were a form of internal passport system designed to segregate the population, manage urbanisation, and allocate migrant labour. Also known as the natives law, pass laws severely limited the movements of not only black African citizens, but other people as well by requiring them to carry pass books when outside their homelands or designated areas. Before the 1950s, this legislation largely applied to African men, and attempts to apply it to women in the 1910s and 1950s were met with significant protests. Pass laws would be one of the dominant features of",
"title": "Pass laws"
},
{
"id": "5259714",
"text": "country's apartheid system, until it was effectively ended in 1986. The first internal passports in South Africa were introduced on 27 June 1797 by the Earl Macartney in an attempt to prevent natives from entering the Cape Colony. The Cape Colony was merged with other states in the region to form the Union of South Africa in 1910, under the UK. By this time, versions of pass laws existed elsewhere. A major boost for their utilisation was the rise of the mining sector from the 1880s: pass laws provided a convenient means of controlling workers' mobility and enforcing contracts. In",
"title": "Pass laws"
},
{
"id": "750569",
"text": "with the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party. After considerable debate, and following submissions from advocacy groups, individuals and ordinary citizens, the Parliament enacted a new Constitution and Bill of Rights in 1996. The death penalty was abolished, land reform and redistribution policies were introduced, and equitable labour laws legislated. The immediate post-apartheid period was marked by an exodus of skilled, white South Africans amid safety concerns. The South African Institute of Race Relations estimated in 2008 that 800,000 or more white people had emigrated since 1995, out of the approximately 4,000,000 who",
"title": "History of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "5259725",
"text": "allowed to by Section 10. The Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act of 1952, commonly known as the Pass Laws Act, repealed the many regional pass laws and instituted one nationwide pass law, which made it compulsory for all black South Africans over the age of 16 to carry the \"passbook\" at all times within white areas. The law stipulated where, when, and for how long a person could remain. The document was similar to an internal passport, containing details on the bearer such as their fingerprints, photograph, the name of his/her employer, his/her address, how long",
"title": "Pass laws"
},
{
"id": "16551896",
"text": "is also a danger of over-legislating, which can limit the development of a legal system and sometimes even undermine basic principles of fairness and justice, as with the misuse or abuse of legislative power for the ends of social engineering. The oldest surviving statutes in South Africa are the old colonial Dutch \"placaaten\", which are regarded as common law, and for whose demise no formal procedure is necessary. They are abrogated by disuse. Old-order legislation is defined in terms of the Constitution as \"legislation enacted before the previous Constitution took effect.\" Laws enacted prior to the establishment, in 1910, of",
"title": "Legal interpretation in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "16509092",
"text": "South African constitutional law South African constitutional law is the area of South African law relating to the interpretation and application of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa by the country's courts. All laws of South Africa must conform with the Constitution; any laws inconsistent with the Constitution have no force or effect. South Africa is generally considered to have had five constitutional documents since the Union was established in 1910, including the current one. The constitutions in chronological order are - The Interim Constitution abolished South Africa's system of parliamentary sovereignty and replaced it with a dispensation",
"title": "South African constitutional law"
},
{
"id": "8889535",
"text": "discriminatory acts related to land tenure were repealed by the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991. The pass laws were repealed by the Identification Act, 1986 and the influx control laws by the Abolition of Influx Control Act, 1986. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 established universal non-racial adult suffrage. The bantustans were abolished by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993, and the nominally independent states were integrated back into South Africa. Apartheid legislation The system of racial segregation in South Africa known as \"apartheid\" was implemented and enforced by a large",
"title": "Apartheid legislation"
},
{
"id": "14880586",
"text": "Interim Constitution (South Africa) The Interim Constitution was the fundamental law of South Africa from the first non-racial general election on 27 April 1994 until it was superseded by the final constitution on 4 February 1997. As a transitional constitution it required the newly elected Parliament to also serve as a constituent assembly to adopt a final constitution. It made provision for a major restructuring of government as a consequence of the abolition of apartheid. It also introduced an entrenched bill of rights against which legislation and government action could be tested, and created the Constitutional Court with broad powers",
"title": "Interim Constitution (South Africa)"
},
{
"id": "5259723",
"text": "1986 (Clark, Worger, & Pro Quest, 2016, p. 125). While the regulations are gone, they have affected the black population in South Africa in the past and are still haunting the younger generations of black South Africans in the present. The Natives (Urban Areas) Act of 1923 deemed urban areas in South Africa as \"white\" and required all black African men in cities and towns to carry around permits called \"passes\" at all times. Anyone found without a pass would be arrested immediately and sent to a rural area. It was replaced in 1945 by the Natives (Urban Areas) Consolidation",
"title": "Pass laws"
},
{
"id": "16036465",
"text": "Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997 The Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997 (Act No. 33 of 1997) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa that abolished judicial corporal punishment. It followed the Constitutional Court's 1995 decision in the case of \"S v Williams and Others\" that caning of juveniles was unconstitutional. Although the ruling in \"S v Williams\" was limited to the corporal punishment of males under the age of 21, Justice Langa mentioned in \"dicta\" that there was a consensus that corporal punishment of adults was also unconstitutional. The act contains two substantive sections. The first",
"title": "Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997"
},
{
"id": "750526",
"text": "Union of South Africa were instituted in the name of the Crown and government officials served in the name of the Crown. The British High Commission territories of Basutoland (now Lesotho), and Bechuanaland (now Botswana), Swaziland continued under direct rule from Britain. Among other harsh segregationist laws, including denial of voting rights to black people, the Union parliament enacted the 1913 Natives' Land Act, which earmarked only eight percent of South Africa's available land for black occupancy. White people, who constituted 20 percent of the population, held 90 percent of the land. The Land Act would form a cornerstone of",
"title": "History of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "16551897",
"text": "the Union of South Africa, and after the 1806 British annexation of the Cape, have mostly been repealed or incorporated into other legislation. Legislation enacted after 1910, but before the current constitutional dispensation, still forms a substantial—indeed predominant—part of the current body of statute law in South Africa. New-order legislation refers to the whole body statute law enacted in South Africa since 1994. It includes both the Interim Constitution and the current Constitution of 1996, under which all such legislation has been enacted, and with which all legislation must be compatible if it is to be valid. Before 1994 and",
"title": "Legal interpretation in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "4081705",
"text": "Natal, Orange River Colony and Transvaal. The Act also made provisions for admitting Southern Rhodesia as a fifth province of the Union in the future, but Southern Rhodesian voters rejected this option in a referendum held in 1922. South-West Africa became a League of Nations mandate of the Union in 1915. Following a referendum on the subject, South Africa adopted a new constitution in 1961 which abolished the monarchy. King George VI, his wife Queen Elizabeth, and their daughters Elizabeth and Margaret, visited South Africa in 1947. Queen Elizabeth II, accompanied by the Duke of Edinburgh, visited South Africa in",
"title": "Monarchy of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "3637631",
"text": "are founding principles of the 1996 Constitution of South Africa, and the right of all citizens to vote is included in the Bill of Rights. In the post-apartheid era the Constitutional Court has struck down two attempts by the government to deny the vote to convicted criminals in prison. The court has also ruled that South Africans living outside the country must be allowed to vote. Since 1910, parliamentary general elections have been held on the following dates. Elections in South Africa Elections in South Africa are held for the National Assembly, provincial legislatures and municipal councils. Elections follow a",
"title": "Elections in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "16500598",
"text": "should be refused) from the High Court by way of petition. This process of leave to appeal involved an assessment of whether or not the prospects were reasonable that the High Court would come to a conclusion different from that of the trial court. The Constitutional Court, in \"S v Steyn\", has declared these new provisions to be unconstitutional. The court's six-month moratorium has expired; accordingly sections 309B and 309C, in their original form, have fallen away. At the beginning of 2004, however, new legislation, the Criminal Procedure Amendment Act, was introduced. It requires leave to appeal in certain circumstances",
"title": "Criminal procedure in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "11957818",
"text": "Queen of South Africa, and the last Governor-General, Charles Robberts Swart, became State President. As a concession to the Westminster system, the presidency remained parliamentary-appointed and virtually powerless until P. W. Botha's Constitution Act of 1983, which eliminated the office of Prime Minister and instated a near-unique \"strong presidency\" responsible to parliament. Pressured by other Commonwealth of Nations countries, South Africa withdrew from the organisation in 1961, and rejoined it only in 1994. Despite opposition both within and outside the country, the government legislated for a continuation of apartheid. The security forces cracked down on internal dissent, and violence became",
"title": "South Africa"
},
{
"id": "15249221",
"text": "Capital punishment in South Africa Capital punishment in South Africa was abolished on 6 June 1995 by the ruling of the Constitutional Court in the case of \"S v Makwanyane\", following a five-year and four-month moratorium since February 1990. The standard method for carrying out executions was hanging, sometimes of several convicts at the same time. Mandatory death penalty for murder was abolished in 1935. At the same time, criminal justice saw an increased racialisation in disfavour of the non-white majority, who represented the vast majority of accused and convicted in capital cases. Hanging was maintained following the instatement of",
"title": "Capital punishment in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "16344646",
"text": "Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991 The Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991 (Act No. 108 of 1991) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa which repealed many of the apartheid laws that imposed race-based restrictions on land ownership and land use. Among the laws repealed were the Black Land Act, 1913 (formerly the Native Land Act), the Development Trust and Land Act, 1936 (formerly the Native Trust and Land Act) and the Group Areas Act, 1966. In his speech at the Opening of Parliament on 1 February 1990, State President F. W. de",
"title": "Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991"
},
{
"id": "750566",
"text": "in June 1991, all apartheid laws were finally rescinded- opening the way for the country's first multiracial democratic elections three years later. As the culmination of mounting local and international opposition to apartheid in the 1980s, including the armed struggle, widespread civil unrest, economic and cultural sanctions by the international community, and pressure from the anti-apartheid movement around the world, State President F. W. de Klerk announced the lifting of the ban on the African National Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress and the South African Communist Party, as well as the release of political prisoner Nelson Mandela on 2 February",
"title": "History of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "15249224",
"text": "June the same year along with her boyfriend Yassiem Harris, in all cases following a murder conviction. In February 1990, a moratorium was declared by President De Klerk. Two further executions were, however, carried out in the nominally independent \"homelands\" of Boputhatswana and Venda in 1990 and 1991 respectively. Although the death penalty was abolished in 1995, opinion polls suggest significant public support for its reinstatement. A 2014 poll in South Africa found that 76 percent of millennium generation South Africans support re-introduction of the death penalty. There are a number of parties in South Africa that currently support the",
"title": "Capital punishment in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "15249226",
"text": "IFP weeks before. Capital punishment in South Africa Capital punishment in South Africa was abolished on 6 June 1995 by the ruling of the Constitutional Court in the case of \"S v Makwanyane\", following a five-year and four-month moratorium since February 1990. The standard method for carrying out executions was hanging, sometimes of several convicts at the same time. Mandatory death penalty for murder was abolished in 1935. At the same time, criminal justice saw an increased racialisation in disfavour of the non-white majority, who represented the vast majority of accused and convicted in capital cases. Hanging was maintained following",
"title": "Capital punishment in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "5578987",
"text": "South African nationality law South Africa rewrote its nationality law since the end of Apartheid in 1994 and the establishment of majority rule in the country under the African National Congress. The 1995 South African Citizenship Act did away with the previous Apartheid-era 1949 and 1970 acts which had established separate bantustan citizenship to the country's African majority and inferior levels of citizenship to the country's Asian and coloured minorities. According to Chapter 2 of the 1995 law, anyone who was considered to be a \"citizen by birth\" prior to the enactment of the law or who is born in",
"title": "South African nationality law"
},
{
"id": "20794355",
"text": "Because Parliament was legally sovereign, and because the Statute of Westminster had already come into effect, government felt it was lawful to change the entrenched clauses without adhering to the requirements of the South Africa Act (i.e. both houses of Parliament must sit jointly and pass an amendment with a two-thirds majority). The Separate Representation of Voters Act thus passed without the requisite two-thirds majority required, and without both houses sitting together, to amend the Cape qualified franchise, plunging South Africa into a constitutional crisis that would continue until 1955. The Convention for a Democratic South Africa (Codesa), which transpired",
"title": "National Convention (South Africa)"
},
{
"id": "7588993",
"text": "later to form the basis of the present common law in South Africa in a form that had been expanded by what were called the placaaten which was the legislation of that period. With the failure of the successive Dutch and British colonial governments to record the laws of pre-colonial southern Africa, there is a dearth of information about laws prior to the colonisation of South Africa. However, the current South African legal system has recognised the significance of these, and they have been incorporated into the overall legal system, functioning as district/local courts where appropriate. From the 6 April",
"title": "Law of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "12862863",
"text": "Union Parliament. The Act included entrenching clauses, providing that black and coloured voters could only be removed from the common voters roll in the Cape of Good Hope, by legislation passed by a two-thirds majority by both houses of Parliament in joint session. The franchise, in all parts of the Union, was initially limited to men over the age of 21. White women were enfranchised in 1929 and the remaining property and income qualifications affecting white men were abolished in 1930. The voting age was reduced to 18 in the 1960s. There were some additional qualifications and disqualifications which varied",
"title": "House of Assembly of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "2558828",
"text": "were replaced by an executive State President. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 or Interim Constitution was introduced at the end of apartheid to govern the period of transition. It introduced universal adult suffrage, constitutional supremacy and a bill of rights. Constitution of South Africa The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic of South Africa. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government. The current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by",
"title": "Constitution of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "2330428",
"text": "existing House of Assembly for whites, and established a House of Representatives to represent the Coloureds, and a House of Delegates for the Indians, making Parliament a tricameral legislature. Blacks continued to be excluded. The black majority were still disfranchised, and the new system lacked legitimacy even among the Coloureds and Asians, many of whom boycotted elections. In a referendum held in 1992, 68.73% of (only white) voters approved the reform process that effectively ended Apartheid. In late 1993, one of the last pieces of legislation passed by the Tricameral Parliament was the Interim Constitution, which took effect on 27",
"title": "Parliament of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "3637624",
"text": "could only be reduced by an act of Parliament passed by a two-thirds majority of both houses of Parliament sitting in a joint session. In 1930 the National Party government of J. B. M. Hertzog passed the Women's Enfranchisement Act, which extended the right to vote and the right to stand for election to all white women over the age of 21. In the following year the Franchise Laws Amendment Act lifted the property and literacy requirements for white male voters in the Cape and Natal, with the result that all white citizens over 21 were enfranchised. As the exclusion",
"title": "Elections in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "7588995",
"text": "South Africa, and prior to the formation of the Republic of South Africa in 1961, much of English law was incorporated into or formed the basis of South African law. The jury system was abolished in 1969, and cases are decided by a judge alone, sometimes assisted by two assessors. English law and the Roman-Dutch law which held sway prior to this period form the bedrock to which South Africa even now turns in its search for clarity in its law, and where there is a vacuum in its law. Law of South Africa South Africa has a 'hybrid' or",
"title": "Law of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "2558802",
"text": "Constitution of South Africa The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic of South Africa. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government. The current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the South African general election, 1994. It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18 December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997, replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993. Since 1996, the Constitution has been amended",
"title": "Constitution of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "750543",
"text": "and did not support the AWB's extremism. Racist legislation during the apartheid era was a continuation and extension of discriminatory and segregationist laws forming a continuum that had commenced in 1856, under Dutch rule in the Cape, and continued throughout the country under British colonialism. From 1948, successive National Party administrations formalised and extended the existing system of racial discrimination and denial of human rights into the legal system of \"apartheid\", which lasted until 1991. A key act of legislation during this time was the Homeland Citizens Act of 1970. This act augmented the Native Land Act of 1913 through",
"title": "History of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "20794356",
"text": "between 1991 and 1993 and led to the end of the apartheid system, was the second constitutional convention that occurred in South Africa to draft a new constitution. It led to the adoption of the 1993 \"interim\" Constitution, and at the same time the end of the parliamentary sovereignty that had started in 1910 when the South Africa Act came into being. National Convention (South Africa) The National Convention (Dutch: \"Nationale Conventie\", Afrikaans: \"Nasionale Konvensie\"), also known as the Convention on the Closer Union of South Africa or the Closer Union Convention, was a constitutional convention held between 1908 and",
"title": "National Convention (South Africa)"
},
{
"id": "11049759",
"text": "Following the Zulu rebellion in 1906, the Natal Native Code was streamlined and applied universally among African and Indian populations. In effect, this gave the Government unlimited control over these populations while revoking their suffrage. This sparked protest from both minority groups. Mohandas Gandhi's led several non-violent demonstrations against laws requiring Indians to carry finger-print passes. The South Africa Act 1909 established the Union of South Africa under the British dominion, giving it increased autonomy from the metropole. This act unified the four provinces under one legislative body and gave suffrage to non-white groups, although its franchise policies further disempowered",
"title": "History of South African nationality"
},
{
"id": "15768605",
"text": "each election of the legislature; such elections occur every five years. One was also to occur in the fifteen days immediately after the amendment came into force. The floor-crossing periods that occurred before repeal were therefore 21 March–4 April 2003, 1–15 September 2005, and 1–15 September 2007. Parliament had previously attempted to allow floor-crossing by passing the Loss or Retention of Membership of National and Provincial Legislatures Act, 2002, an ordinary act rather than a constitutional amendment. On 4 October 2002, in the case of \"United Democratic Movement v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others\", the Constitutional",
"title": "Tenth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "16500657",
"text": "provisions of terrorist and sabotage legislation, which empowered the court to impose the same sentence as that for treason. In 1982, the Internal Security Act abolished these provisions, but introduced the death sentence as a competent sentence for the offence of \"terrorism\" as defined in the Act. In 1990 housebreaking was removed from the list. In 1995, the Constitutional Court held, in \"S v Makwanyane\", that the Constitution had abolished the death sentence in respect of the crimes of murder, robbery or attempted robbery, kidnapping, child-stealing and rape. The court declined, however, to express any view with regard to the",
"title": "Criminal procedure in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "16057487",
"text": "Children's Act, 2005 The Children's Act, 2005 (Act No. 38 of 2005) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa that consolidates and reforms the law on matters related to children. It deals with topics including the age of majority, paternity, custody, child support, guardianship, parenting plans, children's courts, circumcision, day care, child protection, foster care, group homes, adoption, surrogacy, child abduction, and trafficking of children. Due to large support, the South African government decided on a set of rules and regulations regarding the country's Minors. This was introduced to the public eye in June 2006. Because of the",
"title": "Children's Act, 2005"
},
{
"id": "14888230",
"text": "law when assented to by the State President (on the advice of the cabinet), and if he refused assent he could return the bill to Parliament with proposed amendments. Once assented to, no court had the power to review the validity of an Act of Parliament unless it affected one of the entrenched clauses of the constitution. The provisions detailing the structure of the Supreme Court of South Africa had been removed from the South Africa Act in 1959 and re-enacted in the Supreme Court Act, 1959. The structure and powers of the judiciary were not affected by the new",
"title": "South African Constitution of 1961"
},
{
"id": "5259715",
"text": "1896 the South African Republic brought in two pass laws which required Africans to carry a metal badge. Only those employed by a master were permitted to remain on the Rand. Those entering a \"labour district\" needed a special pass which entitled them to remain for three days. Pass Laws have been a stain in South African history. They date “back to 1760 in the Cape when slaves moving between urban and rural areas were required to carry passes authorizing their travel” (Savage, 1986, p. 181). The pass laws, “had entitled police at any time to demand that Africans show",
"title": "Pass laws"
},
{
"id": "7553488",
"text": "South African Statutes and other Legislation \"The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act\", No. 108 of 1996 is the piece of legislation against which each prior piece of legislation must be judged and if necessary be amended, and it is backdrop which has coloured each subsequent piece of legislation promulgated. It was negotiated after the collapse of the race-based apartheid government and the political redefinition of South Africa. During the negotiations around this change the \"Interim Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act\", No. 200 of 1993 held the fort, as it were, until the final Constitution",
"title": "South African Statutes and other Legislation"
},
{
"id": "8137967",
"text": "remaining franchise qualifications, except for the age limit of 21, were removed for white voters, but kept in place for Black and \"Coloured\" voters (including the demand that voters be male). In 1956, the Apartheid government removed all remaining suffrage rights for \"non-whites\" in what became known as the Coloured vote constitutional crisis. Overall the Act did little to protect black Africans during the time period in which the South Africa Act was the constitution of South Africa, and ultimately enabled the establishing of fifty years of apartheid and racial discrimination. The Act established English and Dutch as the official",
"title": "South Africa Act 1909"
},
{
"id": "15755220",
"text": "age of consent at 16 for heterosexual sex and 19 for homosexual sex. The Interim Constitution of South Africa, which came into force in 1994, contained a provision prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, and this provision was preserved in the final Constitution of South Africa, which came into force in 1997. In 1998, in the case of \"National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality v Minister of Justice\", the Constitutional Court struck down as unconstitutional the laws prohibiting consensual sex between men, based on the prohibition of discrimination and the right to privacy. That case did not",
"title": "Geldenhuys v National Director of Public Prosecutions"
},
{
"id": "3637627",
"text": "policy of removing coloured voters in a similar manner to black voters. In 1951 Parliament passed the Separate Representation of Voters Act, which removed coloured voters from the common voters roll and instead allowed them to separately elect four MPs. The act was challenged on the basis that it had not been passed with a two-thirds majority in a joint sitting, as required by the South Africa Act, and in 1952 the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court declared it to be invalid. A subsequent attempt by the government to circumvent the Supreme Court by creating a High Court of",
"title": "Elections in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "16344647",
"text": "Klerk announced that the Land Acts and the Group Areas Act would be repealed. A white paper on the topic was tabled on 12 March. The bill was passed by Parliament on 5 June, signed by President de Klerk on 27 June, and came into force on 30 June Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991 The Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991 (Act No. 108 of 1991) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa which repealed many of the apartheid laws that imposed race-based restrictions on land ownership and land use. Among the laws",
"title": "Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991"
},
{
"id": "10420775",
"text": "and seizure within South Africa without restriction. These broad police powers created a very powerful and volatile force in the Apartheid regime. The SAP were taking many liberties in their interactions with the population of South Africa and instances of abuse and human rights violations were abundant. In 1977, the government passed the Indemnity Act (No. 13) to retroactively protect the government and the SAP from civil and criminal litigation due to acts committed between June 16, 1976, and March 16, 1977. The act placed police and government action during this period beyond public and legal scrutiny and prevented victims",
"title": "Law enforcement in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "553906",
"text": "that repealed the South Africa Act. The features of the Union were carried over with very little change to the newly formed Republic. The decision to transform from a Union to Republic was narrowly decided in the referendum. The decision together with the Government's insistence on adhering to its policy of apartheid resulted in South Africa's de facto expulsion from the Commonwealth of Nations. The South Africa Act dealt with race in two specific provisions. First it entrenched the liberal (by South African standards) Cape Qualified Franchise system of the Cape Colony which operated free of any racial considerations (although",
"title": "Union of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "15384512",
"text": "difficulty is that ACL was subverted by colonialism and apartheid rule. Initially, the traditional leaders tried to get an exemption for ACL from the application of the Bill of Rights. They based their arguments on the Zimbabwean Constitution. The interim Constitution came into effect on 27 April 1994, coinciding with South Africa's first democratic elections. After an intensive Constitutional Assembly negotiation process, and a process of its certification by the Constitutional Court against the Constitutional Principles in the Interim Constitution, the final Constitution was passed in 1996 and came into force in early 1997. There have been a number of",
"title": "Customary law in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "14408754",
"text": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 919 United Nations Security Council resolution 919, adopted unanimously on 25 May 1994, after recalling all resolutions on South Africa, in particular resolutions 282 (1970), 418 (1977), 421 (1977), 558 (1984) and 591 (1986), the Council welcomed the recent general elections and new government and decided, under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, to terminate the arms embargo and all other restrictions against South Africa. Measures imposed in other resolutions would also be ended. The Committee of the Security Council established in Resolution 421 was also dissolved. Thabo Mbeki, Deputy President of South Africa,",
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 919"
},
{
"id": "7553495",
"text": "Part B, and Schedule 5 Part B, of the Constitution. South African Statutes and other Legislation \"The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act\", No. 108 of 1996 is the piece of legislation against which each prior piece of legislation must be judged and if necessary be amended, and it is backdrop which has coloured each subsequent piece of legislation promulgated. It was negotiated after the collapse of the race-based apartheid government and the political redefinition of South Africa. During the negotiations around this change the \"Interim Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act\", No. 200 of 1993",
"title": "South African Statutes and other Legislation"
},
{
"id": "16295329",
"text": "simple message to be taken from this, according to the Constitutional Court, in \"S v Williams\", is that the State, in imposing punishment, must do so in accordance with certain standards; these will reflect the values which underpin the Constitution. In the present context, this means that punishment must respect human dignity and be consistent with the provisions of the Constitution. The caning of juveniles \"in casu\" was accordingly ruled unconstitutional. The Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act abolished judicial corporal punishment. The South African Schools Act abolished corporal punishment in schools. In \"Christian Education v Minister of Education\", a private",
"title": "South African criminal law"
},
{
"id": "5138245",
"text": "to be redundant and would be dissolved. It was abolished under the terms of the Republic of South Africa Constitution Fifth Amendment Act with effect from 1 January 1981, which established the President's Council from the same date. In 1984, the former Senate chamber was converted for use as the House of Representatives, reserved for Coloureds under the tricameral system. Black South Africans remained excluded from the political process. Under the country's first non-racial (interim) constitution in 1994, the Senate was once again the upper house of a bicameral parliament, the lower house being the National Assembly. It was indirectly",
"title": "Senate of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "2558827",
"text": "1996. The South Africa Act 1909, an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, unified four British coloniesCape Colony, Transvaal Colony, Orange River Colony and Natal Colonyinto the Union of South Africa, a self-governing Dominion. The Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961 transformed the Union into a Republic, replacing the Queen with a State President, but otherwise leaving the system of government unchanged. The Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1983 created the Tricameral Parliament, with separate houses representing white, coloured and Indian people but without representation for black people. The figurehead State President and executive Prime Minister",
"title": "Constitution of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "19832515",
"text": "Cannabis in South Africa Cannabis in South Africa has been decriminalised by the country's Constitutional Court for personal consumption by adults in private. However, laws prohibiting use outside of one's private dwelling and buying and selling cannabis still remain illegal. Since regulations against the purchase of products containing cannabis still remain in effect, it also remains unclear how the ruling can be enforced as well. Before prohibition against the plant was lifted in 2018 advocates pressured the government to modify its laws, which first restricted cannabis in 1922, to allow exemptions for medical use, religious practices, and other purposes. Dagga",
"title": "Cannabis in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "16912516",
"text": "of the Internal Security Act, which was repealed (on Parliament’s own initiative, without direction from the Constitutional Court) in 1996. The situation thus effectively reverts to \"Van der Linde v Calitz\", subject of course to constitutional considerations. Under the Freedom of Info Bill, 2010, section 46 leaves discretion to the court to order disclosure. In the constitutional era, anything in the common law which conflicts with the Constitution will not be tolerated, unless it is a justifiable limitation. \"Swissborough Diamond Mines v Government of RSA\" related to a diamond mining co-operative in Lesotho, whose government was going to interfere with",
"title": "Law of evidence in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "750547",
"text": "The convention declared that apartheid was both unlawful and criminal because it violated the Charter of the United Nations. The General Assembly had already suspended South Africa from the UN organisation on 12 November 1974. On 4 November 1977, the Security Council imposed a mandatory arms embargo in terms of Resolution 181 calling upon all States to cease the sale and shipment of arms, ammunition and military vehicles to South Africa. The country would only be readmitted to the UN in 1994 following its transition to democracy. Apartheid South Africa reacted to the UN arms embargo by strengthening its military",
"title": "History of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "16036466",
"text": "provides that \"any law which authorises corporal punishment by a court of law, including a court of traditional leaders,\" is repealed to the extent that it authorises such a punishment. The second makes specific textual amendments various statutes, including the Black Administration Act, the Magistrates' Courts Act and the Criminal Procedure Act, to remove references to corporal punishment. Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997 The Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997 (Act No. 33 of 1997) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa that abolished judicial corporal punishment. It followed the Constitutional Court's 1995 decision in the case",
"title": "Abolition of Corporal Punishment Act, 1997"
},
{
"id": "15948545",
"text": "Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1997 The Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1997 (Act No. 105 of 1997) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa which dealt with the consequences of the Constitutional Court's ruling in \"S v Makwanyane\" in which capital punishment was declared to be unconstitutional. The act repealed the laws allowing for the death penalty and amended various other laws referring to death sentences or capital offences. It also established a procedure by which existing death sentences could be converted to prison sentences, and fixed minimum sentences for certain serious crimes. The act came into force on",
"title": "Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1997"
},
{
"id": "15766768",
"text": "287 votes in favour, and the bill was signed by President Thabo Mbeki on the same day. It came into force on the following day, at the same time as the other three floor-crossing acts. On 4 October 2002, in the case of \"United Democratic Movement v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others\", the Constitutional Court declared the Loss or Retention of Membership Act to be unconstitutional. This judgment had no effect on the Ninth Amendment, which remained in place notwithstanding that there could be no floor-crossing in the provincial legislatures. On 20 March 2003 the Tenth",
"title": "Ninth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "16509093",
"text": "wherein the Constitution is the supreme law, as opposed to the will of Parliament. The previous three constitutions were all subject to parliamentary amendment with, generally, a simple majority, therefore were not considered extraordinary statutes. South African constitutional law South African constitutional law is the area of South African law relating to the interpretation and application of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa by the country's courts. All laws of South Africa must conform with the Constitution; any laws inconsistent with the Constitution have no force or effect. South Africa is generally considered to have had five constitutional",
"title": "South African constitutional law"
},
{
"id": "15878050",
"text": "and came into force on 17 April 2009, days before the 2009 general election. Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa The Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa (formally the Constitution Fourteenth Amendment Act of 2008) repealed some of the provisions inserted into the Constitution by the Ninth and Tenth Amendments which allowed for floor-crossing, that is, allowed members of legislative bodies to move from one political party to another without losing their seats. The remaining floor-crossing provisions were repealed by the Fifteenth Amendment, which was enacted at the same time. The Fourteenth Amendment contained the repeal",
"title": "Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "4081704",
"text": "Monarchy of South Africa From 1910 to 1961 the Union of South Africa was a self-governing country that shared a monarch with the United Kingdom, and other Dominions of the British Empire. The monarch's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of the Union of South Africa. South Africa became a republic and left the Commonwealth on 31 May 1961. On 31 May 1994, South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth as a republic, after the end of apartheid. The monarchy was created by the South Africa Act 1909 which united four British colonies in southern Africa: Cape of Good Hope,",
"title": "Monarchy of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "20794352",
"text": "colonial governments, after having approved the draft, agreed with the resolution taken at the convention that the constitution be referred to the British Parliament for adoption, in which would become the South Africa Act. Each colonial legislature appointed delegates to go to London, empowered to agree to changes \"not inconsistent with the provisions and principles of the draft act\". In London, 53 amendments were made to the bill, most of which were procedural and not substantive, and Parliament passed the constitution in essentially the same form it had been submitted by the National Convention. It received royal assent on 20",
"title": "National Convention (South Africa)"
},
{
"id": "15789718",
"text": "until October. The floor-crossing periods that occurred before repeal were therefore 8–22 October 2002, 1–15 September 2004, and 1–15 September 2007. The amendment was introduced to Parliament as the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Amendment Bill, part of a package of four bills dealing with floor-crossing. The others were the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Second Amendment Bill, which became the Ninth Amendment, the Loss or Retention of Membership of National and Provincial Legislatures Bill, which purported to allow floor-crossing in the national and provincial legislatures, and the Local Government: Municipal Structures Amendment Bill, which dealt",
"title": "Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "7387170",
"text": "elections, and for the first time in history the ECC called on conscripts to consider these call-ups to be different from previous call-ups. Until the August 1994 moratorium on prosecutions for not responding to call-ups, several of those who did not respond to \"camp\" call-ups were fined. After the first multi-racial election in 1994, conscription has no longer applied in South Africa and the civilian draft has been exchanged for a professional standing army. However, conscripts who failed to report for duty, still faced prosecution under South Africa's Defence Act. An amendment to the act promulgated in 2002 allows for",
"title": "End Conscription Campaign"
},
{
"id": "15891032",
"text": "to the Privy Council from the Appellate Division remained possible until 1950. Status of the Union Act, 1934 The Status of the Union Act, 1934 (Act No. 69 of 1934) was an act of the Parliament of South Africa that was the South African counterpart to the Statute of Westminster 1931. It declared the Union of South Africa to be a \"sovereign independent state\" and explicitly adopted the Statute of Westminster into South African law. It also removed any remaining power of the Imperial Parliament to legislate for South Africa, and ended the King's direct involvement in the granting of",
"title": "Status of the Union Act, 1934"
},
{
"id": "16475061",
"text": "dissolve a provincial council before its statutory term expired. Under the Constitution and Elections Amendment Act, 1973, the State President was given the power to dissolve the provincial councils at the same time as the House of Assembly, so that the subsequent provincial election could take place on the same day as a parliamentary general election. The provincial councils had the power to make laws, known as \"ordinances\", dealing with certain topics listed in the South Africa Act and in the Constitution Act that replaced it when South Africa became a republic. These topics were: The provincial councils were always",
"title": "Provincial council (South Africa)"
},
{
"id": "750449",
"text": "British colonies: Cape Colony, Natal Colony, Transvaal Colony, and Orange River Colony. The country became a self-governing nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The dominion came to an end on 31 May 1961 as the consequence of a 1960 referendum, which legitimised the country becoming a sovereign state named Republic of South Africa. A republican constitution was adopted. From 1948–1994, South African politics were dominated by Afrikaner nationalism. Racial segregation and white minority rule known officially as apartheid, an Afrikaans word meaning \"separateness”, came into existence in 1948 (under",
"title": "History of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "11509139",
"text": "The presiding officers, the chief whips, and the Leader of Government Business (the person appointed by the Cabinet to liaise with Parliament) together decided on the programme of work. The Senate was abolished for the first time in 1980, with effect from 1 January 1981, during a process of constitutional reform. The Senate was briefly reestablished under the 1993 interim constitution. The Senate was abolished for the second and final time under the 1997 constitution. The office of President of the Senate was succeeded by the office of Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces. President of the Senate of",
"title": "President of the Senate of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "7588986",
"text": "Swaziland and Zimbabwe, which were introduced during the process of colonisation. Basutoland (Lesotho) received the law of the Cape Colony in 1884, and Bechuanaland (Botswana) and Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) received it in 1891. Swaziland received the law of the Transvaal Colony in 1904, and South-West Africa (Namibia) received the law of the Cape Province in 1920, after its conquest by South Africa. The South African court system is organized in a clear hierarchically by Chapter 8 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, specifically s166, and consists of (from lowest to highest legal authority): Firstly, a number of",
"title": "Law of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "7461693",
"text": "transitional Constitution of 1993, which was drawn up as part of the negotiations to end apartheid. This \"interim Bill of Rights\", which came into force on 27 April 1994 (the date of the first non-racial election), was largely limited to civil and political rights (negative rights). The current Bill of Rights, which replaced it on 4 February 1997 (the commencement date of the first Constitution), retained all of these rights and added a number of new positive economic, social and cultural rights. The extent of the jurisdiction and application of the Bill of Rights (; ; ; ; ; Southern",
"title": "Chapter Two of the Constitution of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "11152860",
"text": "the interracial restrictions of the Immorality Acts. The Immorality Amendment Act, 1988 renamed the Immorality Act, 1957 to the Sexual Offences Act, 1957 and criminalised the act of prostitution. It also made the provisions of the 1957 Act gender neutral. In 2002, an appeal by brothel keepers and prostitutes in the country's Constitutional Court, submitting that the laws on prostitution were in breach of the constitution, was dismissed. The most recent legislative change was the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007, section 11 which added Section 20(1)(aA) of the SOA, which states that any person who",
"title": "Prostitution in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "11957851",
"text": "to conclude that there is or could be a new climate of political repression, or a decline in political tolerance. In 2008, South Africa placed 5th out of 48 sub-Saharan African countries on the Ibrahim Index of African Governance. South Africa scored well in the categories of Rule of Law, Transparency & Corruption, and Participation & Human Rights, but was let down by its relatively poor performance in Safety & Security. In November 2006, South Africa became the first African country to legalise same-sex marriage. The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme rule of law in the country. The",
"title": "South Africa"
},
{
"id": "16912515",
"text": "case. The court noted the absurdity of invoking national security on such an issue as this. Parliament unhappy with this decision and passed legislation in 1969 to restore the situation to the \"Cammell Laird\" position. The executive had absolute and unquestionable power to block the disclosure of evidence, no reasons required. The Minister’s certificate was conclusive. In 1972 the legislation was relaxed somewhat, so that the ouster of the court’s power to decide applied only where national security at stake. National security, in other words, was again the decisive issue. The General Law Amendment Act was replaced by section 66",
"title": "Law of evidence in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "17171375",
"text": "which materially and adversely affects the rights or legitimate expectations of any person must be procedurally fair. Section 33 of the Constitution is of paramount importance. The operation of section 33 remained suspended until legislation was enacted in the form of PAJA, which rendered section 33 binding and enforceable. Section 33 brought about far-reaching changes to administrative law. Section 33 aims to cause administrative decision-making to be open, transparent and rational, to provide a safeguard against capriciousness and autocratic tendencies, and promote administrative accountability and justice. In \"Minister of Environmental Affairs & Tourism v Phambili Fisheries\", the respondent successfully challenged",
"title": "South African administrative law"
},
{
"id": "17171359",
"text": "affecting black people conferred extensive powers upon the administration. South Africa was isolated from the rest of the world, so its public law became insular. In \"Lunt v University of Cape Town\", regarding a refusal to allow a post-graduate into medical school, the court applied the legitimate-expectation doctrine in a contractual setting. As early as the late 1980s, there were a number of reform initiatives aimed at reforming the undesirable state of administrative law in South Africa. Most of the reforms were court-driven and therefore known as judge-made reforms. There were limitations, however, which were embedded in the judicial process.",
"title": "South African administrative law"
},
{
"id": "7588985",
"text": "As a general rule, South Africa follows English law in both criminal and civil procedure, company law, constitutional law and the law of evidence; while Roman-Dutch common law is followed in the South African contract law, law of delict (tort), law of persons, law of things, family law, etc. With the commencement in 1994 of the interim Constitution, and in 1997 its replacement, the final Constitution, another strand has been added to this weave. Besides South Africa itself, South African law, especially its civil law and common law elements, also forms the basis of the laws of Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia,",
"title": "Law of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "19832522",
"text": "Dangerous Drugs, it was at South Africa's wish, expressed by Secretary to the Prime Minister J. C. Van Tyen in 1923, that dagga was included in a list of prohibited narcotics, which list had hitherto been almost entirely concerned with opium and its derivatives. Cannabis was subsequently outlawed internationally in 1925. Cannabis was wholly criminalised in South Africa in 1928 under the Medical, Dental, and Pharmacy Act, for political and moral reasons. and in 1937, the government of South Africa introduced the Weeds Act, which made the occupant or owner of a property accountable for preventing the growth of cannabis,",
"title": "Cannabis in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "14888223",
"text": "South African Constitution of 1961 The Constitution of 1961 (formally the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961) was the fundamental law of South Africa for two decades. Under the terms of the constitution South Africa left the Commonwealth and became a republic. Legally, the Union of South Africa, which had existed since 1910, came to an end and was re-established as the \"Republic of South Africa\". Republicanism was always a major tenet of Afrikaner nationalism. Even when nationalists controlled the government, however, political realities prevented this goal from being attained prior to the 1960s. On 3 August 1960, the",
"title": "South African Constitution of 1961"
},
{
"id": "16304182",
"text": "offence and liable on conviction to imprisonment not exceeding one year or to a fine of one hundred pounds or both\", thus it became popularly known as the \"hostility law\". Many provisions of the act became unconstitutional on the introduction of the Interim Constitution of South Africa on 27 April 1994, which invalidated all laws which unfairly discriminated on the basis of race. The remaining provisions of the act have been repealed, or will be repealed on a future date, by the Repeal of the Black Administration Act and Amendment of Certain Laws Act, 2005. Native Administration Act, 1927 According",
"title": "Native Administration Act, 1927"
},
{
"id": "16551898",
"text": "the new era of constitutionalism, it was Parliament rather than the Constitution which enjoyed supremacy. Statutes were divided simply into original legislation (Acts of Parliament) and subordinate legislation (such as regulations and proclamations). Now, however, the Constitution is supreme, and all other legislation subordinate to it. Today legislation is divided according to its status and its position in the hierarchy. \"Hierarchy\" is classification of legislation according to the level of government (national, provincial or local) whereat it is passed. Statutes which prevail over others are \"superior\" to them, and superior statutes can be either original or delegated,—see below—even within one",
"title": "Legal interpretation in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "11957852",
"text": "primary sources of South African law are Roman-Dutch mercantile law and personal law with English Common law, as imports of Dutch settlements and British colonialism. The first European based law in South Africa was brought by the Dutch East India Company and is called Roman-Dutch law. It was imported before the codification of European law into the Napoleonic Code and is comparable in many ways to Scots law. This was followed in the 19th century by English law, both common and statutory. After unification in 1910, South Africa had its own parliament which passed laws specific for South Africa, building",
"title": "South Africa"
},
{
"id": "3238540",
"text": "able to circumvent the court's decision by increasing the number of Appellate Division judges from five to eleven, and increasing the size of the Senate from forty-eight to eighty-nine. These changes enabled the government to successfully introduce the South Africa Act Amendment Act No 9 of 2 March 1956, effectively overturning the Supreme Court's decision and revalidating the act. This amendment was repealed by the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act 32 of 1961. This case was one of many where South Africa's parliamentary sovereignty enabled the passing of laws without being subject to judicial review on substantive grounds. The",
"title": "Separate Representation of Voters Act, 1951"
},
{
"id": "12862866",
"text": "Act was challenged during the Coloured vote constitutional crisis and not completely enforced until the later 1950s, the last year to see non-whites participate in a general election was in 1953. Coloured electors complying with qualifications were subsequently given four white MPs between 1958 and 1970. These seats were abolished in 1968 through the Separate Representation of Voters Amendment Act, 1968, enacted on behalf of Prime Minister B. J. Vorster. This removed all political representation for non-whites in South Africa; Indians had never had any parliamentary representation. Natal had a theoretically non-racial franchise, which was similar to (but different in",
"title": "House of Assembly of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "553927",
"text": "repeal was not sufficient to enable the South African Parliament to ignore the entrenched clauses of its constitution (the South Africa Act) which led to the coloured-vote constitutional crisis of the 1950s wherein the right of coloureds to vote in the main South African Parliament was removed and replaced with a separate, segregated, and largely powerless assembly. Union of South Africa The Union of South Africa (, ) is the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into being on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the Cape Colony, the Natal Colony, the Transvaal, and",
"title": "Union of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "2287063",
"text": "office was abolished in 1994, with the end of Apartheid and the transition to democratic majority rule. Since then, the head of state and head of government is known simply as the President of South Africa. Republicanism had long been a plank in the platform of the ruling National Party. However, it was not until 1960, 12 years after it took power, that it was able to hold a referendum on the issue. A narrow majority—52 percent— of the minority white electorate voted in favour of abolishing the monarchy and declaring South Africa a republic. The Republic of South Africa",
"title": "State President of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "2330425",
"text": "Parliament of South Africa The Parliament of South Africa is South Africa's legislature and under the country's current Constitution is composed of the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces. It has undergone many transformations as a result of the country's tumultuous history. From 1910 to 1994, it was elected mainly by South Africa's white minority, before the first elections with universal suffrage were held in 1994. The predecessor of the Parliament of South Africa, before the 1910 Union of South Africa, was the bicameral Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope. This was composed of the House of",
"title": "Parliament of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "147022",
"text": "regard him as its most hated adversary. F. W. de Klerk Frederik Willem de Klerk (; born 18 March 1936) is a South African politician who served as State President of South Africa from 1989 to 1994 and as Deputy President from 1994 to 1996. As South Africa's last head of state from the era of white-minority rule, he and his government dismantled the apartheid system and introduced universal suffrage. Ideologically a conservative and an economic liberal, he led the National Party from 1989 to 1997. Born in Johannesburg, British Dominion of South Africa, to an influential Afrikaner family, de",
"title": "F. W. de Klerk"
},
{
"id": "15891027",
"text": "Status of the Union Act, 1934 The Status of the Union Act, 1934 (Act No. 69 of 1934) was an act of the Parliament of South Africa that was the South African counterpart to the Statute of Westminster 1931. It declared the Union of South Africa to be a \"sovereign independent state\" and explicitly adopted the Statute of Westminster into South African law. It also removed any remaining power of the Imperial Parliament to legislate for South Africa, and ended the King's direct involvement in the granting of Royal Assent. The Statute of Westminster applied to South Africa without needing",
"title": "Status of the Union Act, 1934"
},
{
"id": "6582669",
"text": "the country. This is infamously known as the Soweto Uprising. When students and those able to take a stand, demanded to be taught in their mother tongue. Many were killed and injured that day due to police intervention, they are remembered as martyrs. Schools were vandalized and teachers left unable to teach and students were unable to come to school. The National Policy for General Affairs Act (No. 76) of 1984 provided some improvements in black education but maintained the overall separation called for by the Bantu education system. The Department of Education and Training was responsible for black education",
"title": "Education in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "5259719",
"text": "and 1984 (Savage, p. 181). The policing of Africans has allowed for the whites to maintain dominance over the black population for the greater part of the 20th century. Not only did the focus on how to control change over time, but also who to control. Initially and “historically the use of passes in South Africa as a form of labour control applied only to men” (Wells, 1982, abstract). This happened because “whenever attempts were made to extend the system to black women, mass protests quickly resulted” (Wells, abstract). There vociferous opposition to the pass laws are of no surprise,",
"title": "Pass laws"
},
{
"id": "15961012",
"text": "legislation of the States of Holland: the Political Ordinance of 1 April 1580, as clarified and amended by the Interpretation Ordinance of 13 May 1594 and Section 3 of the Placaat of 18 December 1599. In 1621 the \"Heeren XVII\" of the Dutch East India Company instructed the government of the Dutch East Indies to enforce these enactments, and the States-General decreed them to be in force in Cape Colony by the Octrooi of 10 January 1661, which was confirmed by Governor Pasques de Chavonnes on 19 June 1714. The main common-law principles of intestacy were derived from a combination",
"title": "Law of succession in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "15960932",
"text": "by the Intestate Succession Act. Until recently, the Act (and its common-law precursor) existed side-by-side with a statutorily-regulated customary-law regime of intestate succession, applied on a racial basis, but this was brought to an end when the Constitutional Court, in Bhe v Magistrate, Khayelitsha, made the Intestate Succession Act applicable to all. Where the deceased dies leaving a valid will, the rules of testate succession apply. These are derived from common law and the Wills Act. Testate succession is governed by the general premise that the assets of the deceased are distributed in accordance with the provisions of the will.",
"title": "Law of succession in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "923394",
"text": "as a result of the Constitutional Court's decision in the case of \"Minister of Home Affairs v Fourie\". The court ruled on 1 December 2005 that the existing marriage laws violated the equality clause of the \"Bill of Rights\" because they discriminated on the basis of sexual orientation. The court gave Parliament one year to rectify the inequality. The \"Civil Union Act\" was passed by the National Assembly on 14 November 2006, by a vote of 230 to 41. It became law on 30 November 2006. South Africa became the fifth country, the first in Africa, and the second outside",
"title": "Same-sex marriage"
},
{
"id": "7553489",
"text": "of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, was negotiated and promulgated. The Interim Constitution was repealed by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa holds the all important Bill of Rights, sets up the administrative, judicial and political systems and structures, defines provincial and municipal systems and structures, provides for the passing of laws to necessary to enforce aspects of the Constitution, and sets up institutions such as the Human Rights Commission, which are necessary to safeguard the ideals contained in the Constitution. \"The Constitution of the Republic of South",
"title": "South African Statutes and other Legislation"
},
{
"id": "19832536",
"text": "implement the landmark rulings findings. Cannabis in South Africa Cannabis in South Africa has been decriminalised by the country's Constitutional Court for personal consumption by adults in private. However, laws prohibiting use outside of one's private dwelling and buying and selling cannabis still remain illegal. Since regulations against the purchase of products containing cannabis still remain in effect, it also remains unclear how the ruling can be enforced as well. Before prohibition against the plant was lifted in 2018 advocates pressured the government to modify its laws, which first restricted cannabis in 1922, to allow exemptions for medical use, religious",
"title": "Cannabis in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "17171358",
"text": "party representation in the South African Parliament. South African administrative law is similar to its English equivalent, especially in relation to judicial review of administrative action. For this reason, British cases are often cited and relied upon by South African courts. There are fundamental differences in substance, however. The conditions, composition and politics of South African society were and are different. Under apartheid, Parliament had the power to enact whatever it wished (however unreasonable and however unacceptable). The Parliament was not elected by universal franchise. The largest section of the population was excluded from representation on grounds of race. Laws",
"title": "South African administrative law"
},
{
"id": "15789719",
"text": "with consequential effects of municipal floor-crossing. The amendment was passed by the National Assembly on 11 June 2002 with 280 votes in favour, more than the requisite two-thirds majority. As a constitutional amendment not involving provincial matters, it did not have to be passed by the National Council of Provinces. It was signed by President Thabo Mbeki on 19 June and came into force on the following day, at the same time as the Ninth Amendment. The provisions inserted by the Eighth Amendment were repealed on 17 April 2009 by the Fifteenth Amendment. The official short title of the amendment",
"title": "Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "2330427",
"text": "Parliament was changed by constitutional amendments from time to time: In a referendum held in 1960, a small majority of the white voters approved the conversion of the country from a Realm or Dominion of the British Commonwealth to a republic. The Republic of South Africa was established in 1961. The only change made to the composition of the Parliament was the substitution of the State President for the Queen. A few significant changes were made later: A new Constitution, introduced in 1984, re-enfranchised the Coloured population (women as well as men), and enfranchised the Indian population. It retained the",
"title": "Parliament of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "14753952",
"text": "Rina Venter Dr. Elizabeth \"Rina\" Venter (born 9 December 1938) was the Minister of National Health and Population Development of South Africa, from 1989 to 1994. Venter graduated from Pretoria University and was a social worker for 20 years. She served in the National Party government of F. W. de Klerk, and was the first woman in South African history to hold a cabinet post. She retired from politics in 1994. On 17 May 1990, Venter announced that South Africa's health system would begin desegregation. South Africa's 240 state hospitals became available to all races, although with less-than-optimal implementation. Under",
"title": "Rina Venter"
}
] | when were pass laws abolished in south africa |
|
| [
{
"id": "13979684",
"text": "History of the Brooklyn Dodgers The Brooklyn Dodgers were a Major League baseball team, active primarily in the National League (founded 1876) from 1884 until 1957, after which the club moved to Los Angeles, California, where it continues its history as the Los Angeles Dodgers. The team moved west at the same time as its longtime rivals, the New York Giants, also in the National League, relocated to San Francisco in northern California as the San Francisco Giants. The team's name derived from the reputed skill of Brooklyn residents at evading the city's trolley streetcar network. The Dodgers played in",
"title": "History of the Brooklyn Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "242075",
"text": "Los Angeles Dodgers The Los Angeles Dodgers are an American professional baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. The Dodgers compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division. Established in 1883 in Brooklyn, New York, the team moved to Los Angeles before the 1958 season. They played for four seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving to their current home of Dodger Stadium in . The Dodgers as a franchise have won six World Series titles and 23 National League pennants. 11 NL MVP award winners have played for",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "242106",
"text": "the late 19th century when both clubs were based in New York City, with the Dodgers playing in Brooklyn and the Giants playing at the Polo Grounds in Manhattan. After the 1957 season, Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley moved the team to Los Angeles for financial and other reasons. Along the way, he managed to convince Giants owner Horace Stoneham—who was considering moving his team to Minnesota—to preserve the rivalry by bringing his team to California as well. New York baseball fans were stunned and heartbroken by the move. Given that the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco have been",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "10835578",
"text": "1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season The 1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season was overshadowed by Walter O'Malley's threat to move the Dodgers out of Brooklyn if the city did not build him a new stadium in that borough. When the best the mayor could promise was a stadium in Queens, O'Malley made good on his threats and moved the team to Los Angeles after the season ended. The Dodgers final game at Ebbets Field was on September 24 as they finished their 68th and last NL season, and their 75th overall, in Brooklyn in third place with an 84–70 record, eleven games behind",
"title": "1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season"
},
{
"id": "242123",
"text": "managers, Walter Alston and Tommy Lasorda, both of whom are in the Hall of Fame. During this entire time period of extraordinary stability, the Dodgers were family owned by Walter O'Malley and then his son Peter O'Malley. It was during this era that the Dodgers won 11 of their 21 pennants, and all six of their World Series championships. The managers of the Los Angeles Dodgers (1958–present) are as follows: From the Dodgers' move to Los Angeles from Brooklyn in 1958, the Dodgers employed a handful of well-known public address announcers; the most famous of which was John Ramsey, who",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "8432199",
"text": "1941, 1947, 1949, 1952 & 1953 World Series to their longtime rival the New York Yankees. In 1955, the Dodgers won their first and only World Series in Brooklyn, beating the rival New York Yankees, resulting in mass euphoria and celebrations all over Brooklyn. Just two years later, the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles, after the 1957 season, causing widespread resentment and sorrow. Brooklyn's most beloved and cherished institution had left, and the move is cited by some historians as one of the catalysts for the decline of Brooklyn in the 1960s and 1970s. In addition, the Brooklyn Ward's Wonders",
"title": "Sports in Brooklyn"
},
{
"id": "13979577",
"text": "and won the first Rookie of the Year award. The Brooklyn Dodgers played their final game at Ebbets Field on September 24, 1957, which the Dodgers won 2–0 over the Pittsburgh Pirates. On April 18, 1958, the Los Angeles Dodgers played their first game in LA, defeating the former New York and now new San Francisco Giants, 6–5, before 78,672 fans at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Sadly, catcher Roy Campanella, left partially paralyzed in an off-season accident, was never able to play for Los Angeles. The process of building Walter O'Malley's dream stadium soon began in semi-rural Chavez Ravine,",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "13979722",
"text": "the move to California, that it was said, \"If you asked a Brooklyn Dodger fan, if you had a gun with only two bullets in it and were in a room with Hitler, Stalin and O'Malley, who would you shoot? The answer: O'Malley, twice!\" History of the Brooklyn Dodgers The Brooklyn Dodgers were a Major League baseball team, active primarily in the National League (founded 1876) from 1884 until 1957, after which the club moved to Los Angeles, California, where it continues its history as the Los Angeles Dodgers. The team moved west at the same time as its longtime",
"title": "History of the Brooklyn Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "13979606",
"text": "MLB games) and 20th Century Fox. Among the new ownership's early moves were trading away popular catcher Piazza, and replacing Russell with veteran manager Davey Johnson. Johnson's volatile tenure ended two years later, and he was followed as manager by Jim Tracy. Fox made the first changes to the home uniform since the club moved from Brooklyn and introduced the team's first alternate jersey and cap, adding silver to the team's official colors (although they have rarely been used since). The team became more steady on the field in the early 2000s (decade), with four consecutive winning seasons under the",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "496046",
"text": "by railroad. In 1953, the NL's Boston Braves became the Milwaukee Braves. In 1954, the St. Louis Browns became the Baltimore Orioles. In 1955, the Philadelphia Athletics became the Kansas City Athletics. Baseball experts consider the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers' boss Walter O'Malley to be \"perhaps the most influential owner of baseball's early expansion era.\" Before the 1958 Major League Baseball season, he moved the Brooklyn Dodgers to Los Angeles. When O'Malley moved the Dodgers from Brooklyn, he appeared on the cover of \"Time\". O'Malley was also influential in persuading the rival New York Giants to move west to become the",
"title": "Major League Baseball"
},
{
"id": "13979643",
"text": "will host the midsummer classic on July 14, 2020, after the club spent millions of dollars on stadium renovations. It is the first time since 1980, and the third time in Los Angeles franchise history, that the All-Star Game has been awarded to the Dodgers. History of the Los Angeles Dodgers The history of the Los Angeles Dodgers begins in the 19th century when the team was based in Brooklyn, New York. The franchise now known as the Dodgers was originally formed in 1883 as a member of the minor league Inter-State Association of Professional Baseball Clubs. It moved to",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "579423",
"text": "was marked by mass euphoria and celebrations. Just two years later, the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles. Walter O'Malley, the team's owner at the time, is still vilified, even by Brooklynites too young to remember the Dodgers as Brooklyn's ball club. After a 43-year hiatus, professional baseball returned to the borough in 2001 with the Brooklyn Cyclones, a minor league team that plays in MCU Park in Coney Island. They are an affiliate of the New York Mets. The New York Cosmos of the NASL began playing at MCU Park in 2017. Brooklyn once had a National Football League team",
"title": "Brooklyn"
},
{
"id": "242100",
"text": "franchise moved from Brooklyn to Los Angeles, the city name on the road jersey changed, and the stylized \"B\" was replaced with the interlocking \"LA\" on the caps in 1958. In 1970, the Dodgers removed the city name from the road jerseys and had \"Dodgers\" on both the home and away uniforms. The city script returned to the road jerseys in 1999, and the tradition-rich Dodgers flirted with an alternate uniform for the first time since 1944 (when all-blue satin uniforms were introduced). These 1999 alternate jerseys had a royal top with the \"Dodgers\" script in white across the chest,",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "4352535",
"text": "Walter O'Malley Walter Francis O'Malley (October 9, 1903 – August 9, 1979) was an American sports executive who owned the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers team in Major League Baseball from 1950 to 1979. In 1958, as owner of the Dodgers, he brought major league baseball to the West Coast, moving the Dodgers from Brooklyn to Los Angeles despite the Dodgers being the second most profitable team in baseball from 1946–1956, and coordinating the move of the New York Giants to San Francisco at a time when there were no teams west of Kansas City, Missouri. For this, he was long vilified",
"title": "Walter O'Malley"
},
{
"id": "13245214",
"text": "a possible move. There were also rumors that the Philadelphia Athletics' move to Kansas City in 1955 was a temporary stop on the way to Los Angeles. In the end it was the National League that first came to the city, in the form of the Brooklyn Dodgers. Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley purchased the Pacific Coast League's Los Angeles Angels in early 1957 from Chicago Cubs owner Phil Wrigley. Under the rules of the time, he also acquired the rights to a major league team in Los Angeles, which he used to move the Dodgers there a year later. Under",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Angels"
},
{
"id": "13979721",
"text": "18, 1958, the Los Angeles Dodgers played their first game in L.A., defeating the former New York and newly relocated and renamed San Francisco Giants, 6–5, before 78,672 fans at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Sadly, catcher Roy Campanella, left partially paralyzed in an off-season automobile accident on January 28, 1958, and was never able to play for Los Angeles. A 2007 HBO film, \"\", is a documentary covering the Dodgers history from early days to the beginning of the Los Angeles era. In the film, the story is related that O'Malley was so hated by Brooklyn Dodger fans after",
"title": "History of the Brooklyn Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "4352592",
"text": "World War II glory years of the franchise and presents a compelling case that O'Malley truly wanted to keep the Dodgers in Brooklyn in a stadium near a railroad station, but he was unable to get the proper support from Moses. Walter O'Malley Walter Francis O'Malley (October 9, 1903 – August 9, 1979) was an American sports executive who owned the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers team in Major League Baseball from 1950 to 1979. In 1958, as owner of the Dodgers, he brought major league baseball to the West Coast, moving the Dodgers from Brooklyn to Los Angeles despite the Dodgers",
"title": "Walter O'Malley"
},
{
"id": "13979575",
"text": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers The history of the Los Angeles Dodgers begins in the 19th century when the team was based in Brooklyn, New York. The franchise now known as the Dodgers was originally formed in 1883 as a member of the minor league Inter-State Association of Professional Baseball Clubs. It moved to the American Association the following year and eventually to the National League in 1890. The team went by a number of nicknames including the Brooklyn Atlantics, Brooklyn Grays, Brooklyn Bridegrooms, Brooklyn Grooms, Brooklyn Superbas, and Brooklyn Robins before settling on the Brooklyn Dodgers (shortened from",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "3063454",
"text": "favor for a Brooklyn stadium. Ultimately, O'Malley and Moses could not come to agreement on a new location for the stadium, and the club moved west to Los Angeles after the 1957 season. During their last two years in Brooklyn, the Dodgers played several games each year in Jersey City, New Jersey's Roosevelt Stadium, a tactic by O'Malley to force a new stadium to be built. In 1956, real estate developer Marvin Kratter bought Ebbets Field from O'Malley, leasing it back to him until the team left for Los Angeles after the 1957 season. With the Dodgers leaving for Los",
"title": "Ebbets Field"
},
{
"id": "8245499",
"text": "1947. However, Ebbets Field, the home of Brooklyn Dodgers, was quickly becoming outdated. At first, Walter O’Malley desired a new state-of-the-art stadium in Brooklyn, but due to political strife with local officials, O’Malley’s plans were rejected. Today, many place blame on Robert Moses and other New York City officials for the Dodgers move out of Brooklyn, after they rejected O’Malley’s proposal. O’Malley ultimately turned his sights west after it was clear that he would not obtain what he wanted in New York. Walter O’Malley decided to move the Dodgers to Los Angeles in 1958, almost a decade from the start",
"title": "Battle of Chavez Ravine"
},
{
"id": "579376",
"text": "over the next century. The borough's soon-to-be-famous National League baseball team, the Brooklyn Dodgers, also assisted with this. Both major institutions were lost in the 1950s: the paper closed in 1955 after unsuccessful attempts at a sale following a reporters' strike, and the baseball team decamped for Los Angeles in a realignment of major league baseball in 1957. Agitation against Southern slavery was stronger in Brooklyn than in New York, and under Republican leadership the city was fervent in the Union cause in the Civil War. After the war the Henry Ward Beecher Monument was built downtown to honor a",
"title": "Brooklyn"
},
{
"id": "4563696",
"text": "System, owner of Gilmore Field, announced plans to raze the facility to build a new headquarters—CBS Television City, as it became known—in 1952. In October 1957, the Brooklyn Dodgers confirmed their long-rumored move to Los Angeles for the 1958 season, which forced the Stars and the Angels to relocate. The Angels, who had been purchased by Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley prior to the 1957 season, became the Spokane Indians in 1958. Having no interest in operating the Twinks anywhere but in Los Angeles, the ownership group led by Frank J. Kanne, Jr., was compelled to sell the team, which it",
"title": "Hollywood Stars"
},
{
"id": "12883183",
"text": "1973 after recent years of declining health, where he had a winter home. He was buried in Brooklyn after a funeral was held in White Plains. James Mulvey James A. Mulvey was the co-owner of the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers of the National League from through with his wife, Dearie Mulvey. In 1938, he inherited his share of the club from his father-in-law Stephen McKeever's estate. In 1950, Walter O'Malley assumed majority control of the Dodgers. The Mulvey's minority share was purchased by O'Malley in 1975, 17 years after the team moved from Brooklyn to Los Angeles. Mulvey was",
"title": "James Mulvey"
},
{
"id": "3328705",
"text": "York Yankees. Scully eventually became the Dodgers' principal announcer. Scully announced Dodgers games in Brooklyn until 1957, after which the club moved to Los Angeles. During that time, Dodgers broadcasts were heard over WMGM radio (1050) on the AM dial, as well as WOR-TV (channel 9) both in New York. Beginning with the 1958 season, Scully accompanied the Dodgers to their new location and quickly became popular in Southern California. During the Dodgers' first four seasons in Los Angeles, inexperienced baseball fans had difficulty following the action in the very large Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, and it soon became common",
"title": "Vin Scully"
},
{
"id": "2720525",
"text": "February 21, 1957, the Dodgers bought Wrigley Field, the Angels franchise and their territorial rights for $3 million (as well as a team in Fort Worth, Texas). L.A. Wrigley's minor league baseball days then ended when the Brooklyn Dodgers of the National League transferred to Los Angeles in 1958. The Pacific Coast League Angels franchise were forced to relocate, ending up in Spokane, Washington, as the Indians, with a brand-new stadium. The use of Wrigley, and enlarging it was studied by the Dodgers, as well as the Rose Bowl in Pasadena and the Los Angeles Coliseum. The Dodgers opted for",
"title": "Wrigley Field (Los Angeles)"
},
{
"id": "242082",
"text": "three in San Francisco. The Dodgers were founded in 1883 as the Brooklyn Atlantics, taking the name of a defunct team that had played in Brooklyn before them. The team joined the American Association in 1884 and won the AA championship in 1889 before joining the National League in 1890. They promptly won the NL Championship their first year in the League. The team was known alternatively as the Bridegrooms, Grooms, Superbas, Robins, and Trolley Dodgers before officially becoming the Dodgers in the 1930s. In Brooklyn, the Dodgers won the NL pennant several times (1890, 1899, 1900, 1916, 1920, 1941,",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "13518807",
"text": "California and Los Angeles to being one of five. The Los Angeles Dodgers moved from Brooklyn in 1958, the Los Angeles Chargers of the upstart AFL was established in 1960, the Los Angeles Lakers moved from Minneapolis in 1960, and the Los Angeles Angels were awarded to Gene Autry in 1961. In spite of this, the Rams continued to thrive in Southern California. In the first two years after the Dodgers moved to California, the Rams drew an average of 83,681 in 1958 and 74,069 in 1959. The Rams were so popular in Los Angeles that the upstart Chargers chose",
"title": "Los Angeles Rams"
},
{
"id": "242078",
"text": "the first time, a story notably described in the 1972 book \"The Boys of Summer\". Following the 1957 season the team left Brooklyn. In just their second season in Los Angeles, the Dodgers won their second World Series title, beating the Chicago White Sox in six games in 1959. Spearheaded by the dominant pitching style of Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale, the Dodgers captured three pennants in the 1960s and won two more World Series titles, sweeping the Yankees in four games in 1963, and edging the Minnesota Twins in seven in 1965. The 1963 sweep was their second victory",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "242083",
"text": "1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956) and the World Series in 1955. After moving to Los Angeles, the team won National League pennants in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1988, 2017, and 2018, with World Series championships in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1981 and 1988. In all, the Dodgers have appeared in 20 World Series: 9 in Brooklyn and 11 in Los Angeles. For most of the first half of the 20th century, no Major League Baseball team employed an African American player. Jackie Robinson became the first African American to play for a Major League Baseball team",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "14448979",
"text": "the \"Brooklyn Bum\" that personified the team. The dual moves broke the hearts of New York's National League fans, but ultimately were successful for both franchises and for Major League Baseball. The move was an immediate success as well, because the Dodgers set a major-league, single-game attendance record in their first home appearance, with 78,672 fans at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, which would be their temporary home for several years until their new stadium was ready. The moves received considerable controversy: the loss of the Dodgers was especially painful because the team was one of the last vestiges of",
"title": "Major League Baseball relocation of 1950s–60s"
},
{
"id": "12883182",
"text": "James Mulvey James A. Mulvey was the co-owner of the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers of the National League from through with his wife, Dearie Mulvey. In 1938, he inherited his share of the club from his father-in-law Stephen McKeever's estate. In 1950, Walter O'Malley assumed majority control of the Dodgers. The Mulvey's minority share was purchased by O'Malley in 1975, 17 years after the team moved from Brooklyn to Los Angeles. Mulvey was also at one point president of Samuel Goldwyn Productions, for which he worked for from 1923, retiring in 1960. Mulvey died at Vero Beach, Florida in",
"title": "James Mulvey"
},
{
"id": "5666504",
"text": "Rosalind Wiener Wyman Rosalind Wiener Wyman (born October 4, 1930) is a California Democratic political figure who was the youngest person ever elected to the Los Angeles City Council and the second woman to serve there. She was influential in bringing the Brooklyn Dodgers from New York to Chavez Ravine, Los Angeles. Rosalind Wiener was born October 4, 1930, in Los Angeles to Oscar and Sarah (née Selten) Wiener. Her father was a pharmacist, and her mother also studied pharmacy so she could help run a drugstore with her husband at 9th Street and Western Avenue (in today's Koreatown). Sarah",
"title": "Rosalind Wiener Wyman"
},
{
"id": "10835581",
"text": "= Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" 1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season The 1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season was overshadowed by Walter O'Malley's threat to move the Dodgers out of Brooklyn if the city did not build him a new stadium in that borough. When the best the mayor could promise was a stadium in Queens, O'Malley made good on his threats and moved the team to Los Angeles after the season ended. The",
"title": "1957 Brooklyn Dodgers season"
},
{
"id": "13979605",
"text": "Hollandsworth, which is a record. After nearly 20 years at the helm, Lasorda retired in 1996, though he still remained with the Dodgers as an executive vice-president. He was replaced as manager by longtime Dodgers shortstop Bill Russell. Nearly a half-century of unusual stability (only two managers 1954–1996, owned by a single family 1950–1998) finally came to an end. After L.A. city officials rejected a proposal to bring an NFL stadium and franchise to Chavez Ravine in 1998, the O'Malley family sold the Dodgers to Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation, owner of the Fox network (which also owns broadcast rights to",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "1298503",
"text": "are credited as directors on the finished episode. In Serling's original first-draft script (and in his short-story adaptation that appeared in the 1960 anthology, \"Stories from The Twilight Zone\"), the team was supposed to have been the Brooklyn Dodgers (their stadium in the original story was \"Tebbet's Field\"), who, like the fictitious \"Hoboken Zephyrs\", moved west in 1958 to become the Los Angeles Dodgers. The closing narration is a possible reference to the original draft: at the time of broadcast, the Dodgers had beaten the Chicago White Sox to win the previous year's World Series, doing so with a dominant",
"title": "The Mighty Casey"
},
{
"id": "15198070",
"text": "began in the late 19th century when both clubs were based in New York City, with the Dodgers playing in Brooklyn and the Giants playing at the Polo Grounds in Manhattan. After the season, Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley decided to move the team to Los Angeles for financial reasons, among others. Along the way, he managed to convince Giants owner Horace Stoneham (who was considering moving his team to Minnesota) to preserve the rivalry by bringing his team to California as well. New York baseball fans were stunned and heartbroken by the move. Given that the cities of Los Angeles",
"title": "Major League Baseball rivalries"
},
{
"id": "242087",
"text": "and the Dodgers could no longer sell out the park even in the heat of a pennant race, despite largely dominating the National League from 1946 to 1957. O'Malley wanted to build a new, state of the art stadium in Brooklyn. But City Planner Robert Moses and New York politicians refused to grant him the eminent domain authority required to build pursuant to O'Malley's plans. To put pressure on the city, during the 1955 season, O'Malley announced that the team would play seven regular season games and one exhibition game at Jersey City's Roosevelt Stadium in 1956. Moses and the",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "14448976",
"text": "Brooklyn for his new stadium. However, as negotiations with Moses deteriorated — Moses wanted the Dodgers to move to a new stadium site in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, which eventually became Shea Stadium— O'Malley realized that a deal with Los Angeles began to seem more of a reality. In addition, in Los Angeles, the Dodgers would be given land at Chavez Ravine free of charge to build a stadium, which would eventually become Dodger Stadium. At the same time New York Giants owner Horace Stoneham was considering a move for the Giants. The Giants' aging home, the Polo Grounds,",
"title": "Major League Baseball relocation of 1950s–60s"
},
{
"id": "242110",
"text": "was embodied in the two teams' proximity in New York City, when the Dodgers initially played in Brooklyn. After the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles in 1958, the rivalry retained its significance as the two teams represented the dominant cities on each coast of the United States, and since the 1980s, the two largest cities in the United States. Although the rivalry's significance arose from the two teams' numerous World Series meetings, the Yankees and Dodgers have not met in the World Series since . They would not play each other in a non-exhibition game until 2004, when they played",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "11034874",
"text": "broadcast rights to the Colorado Rockies in 1993 as an independent station. The then-WB affiliate lost the rights to the team's broadcasts after the 2002 season, with the games moving to UPN affiliate KTVD (channel 20, now a MyNetworkTV affiliate) in 2003. KTLA began carrying Los Angeles Dodgers games beginning with the team's 1993 season, obtaining the television rights from KTTV (channel 11), which had carried the team's games from 1958 (when the team relocated to Los Angeles from Brooklyn, New York) until 1992. KTLA lost the rights in 2001, with games moving to UPN affiliate KCOP-TV (channel 13, now",
"title": "Major League Baseball on superstations"
},
{
"id": "242086",
"text": "Jim Gilliam and Joe Black. Robinson would eventually go on to become the first African-American elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962. Real estate businessman Walter O'Malley acquired majority ownership of the Dodgers in 1950, when he bought the 25 percent share of co-owner Branch Rickey and became allied with the widow of the another equal partner, Mrs. John L. Smith. Before long, he was working to buy new land in Brooklyn to build a more accessible and better arrayed ballpark than Ebbets Field. Beloved as it was, Ebbets Field was no longer well-served by its aging infrastructure",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "242089",
"text": "buy land suitable for building a ballpark, and own that ballpark, giving him complete control over all revenue streams. When the news came out, NYC Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. and Moses made an offer to build a ballpark on the World's Fair Grounds in Queens that would be shared by the Giants and Dodgers. However, O'Malley was interested in his park only under his conditions, and the plans for a new stadium in Brooklyn seemed like a pipe dream. O'Malley decided to move the Dodgers to California, convincing Giants owner Horace Stoneham to move to San Francisco instead of",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "8245498",
"text": "While those who were against the selling of their land were forced out by Los Angeles County Sheriffs, like the case of Aurora Vargas, causing for great displacement of a group of people with no true place to relocate. Walter O’Malley’s mission to move the Dodgers from Brooklyn to Los Angeles is a narrative of controversial business negotiations and political debates. Gaining full control over the Dodgers organization in 1950, O’Malley instantly had much success with multiple World Series appearances and one World Series championship during the 1950s, while also breaking the color barrier with Jackie Robinson in April of",
"title": "Battle of Chavez Ravine"
},
{
"id": "13979697",
"text": "between the Dodgers and the Giants is more than a century old. It began when the Dodgers and Giants faced each other in the 1889 World Series, the ancestor of the Subway Series, and both played in separate cities (the Dodgers in Brooklyn and the Giants in New York City Manhattan). When both franchises moved to California after the 1957 season, the rivalry was easily transplanted, as the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco have long been rivals in economics, culture, and politics. Manager Wilbert Robinson, another former Oriole, popularly known as \"Uncle Robbie\", restored the Brooklyn team to",
"title": "History of the Brooklyn Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "876364",
"text": "Coliseum was the first home for the Dodgers Major League Baseball (MLB) team when it moved from Brooklyn, New York in the 1958 season. The following year, it hosted the MLB All-Star Game and the World Series. Once Dodger Stadium was completed in 1962, the Dodgers moved there where they have been since. The Los Angeles Rams National Football League (NFL) team used the Coliseum as its host stadium from 1946 to 1980 when it moved to Anaheim, located southeast of Los Angeles. It also hosted what would become known as Super Bowl I in 1967. Even the American Football",
"title": "1932 Summer Olympics"
},
{
"id": "13979584",
"text": "back to Brooklyn. State Senator Thomas J. Bartosiewicz tried hard to persuade them in the early 1980s, but was rebuffed. A stronger chance was in 1998, when the O'Malley family sold up to Rupert Murdoch's Fox company. In the course of bidding, a committee convened by the City and State of New York (including Roger Kahn, author of Boys of Summer) made an offer to the club which was turned down, despite being larger than the eventual sale price. Construction on Dodger Stadium was completed in time for Opening Day 1962. With its clean, simple lines and its picturesque setting",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "3063459",
"text": "places like Ebbets Field, and of the attendant youthful innocence of fans and players alike. The story of Ebbets Field and the Brooklyn Dodgers' move to Los Angeles were also chronicled by historian Doris Kearns Goodwin, figured into the plot of the film \"Field of Dreams\", and were featured in an entire episode of Ken Burns' public-television documentary \"Baseball\", as well as a 2007 HBO documentary called \"\". In 2006, the Dodgers matched the years they played at Ebbets Field with their years in Dodger Stadium. The New York Mets' duration in Shea Stadium (1964–2008) was the same as that",
"title": "Ebbets Field"
},
{
"id": "18317277",
"text": "rapper and Brooklyn native Jay-Z, who owned less than 0.07% but has been an outspoken face of the ownership team. The new arena, later named Barclays Center, would be the center of an extensive redevelopment project called the Atlantic Yards being constructed by Ratner's real estate development company. The new arena is located across the street from the site that Walter O'Malley wanted to use for a new stadium for the Brooklyn Dodgers in the early 1950s. That plan was rejected and resulted in the team's relocation to Los Angeles in 1958. The Nets would not only return to New",
"title": "History of the Brooklyn Nets"
},
{
"id": "10825665",
"text": "season with a 7–4 record, along with 90 strikeouts and an earned run average of 3.25. In October, just weeks after what turned out to be the team's final game in Brooklyn, owner Walter O'Malley announced that the Dodgers would be moving to Los Angeles. He pitched three more seasons with the Dodgers, achieving a career-best 10 wins against eight losses in 1959, when the Dodgers would go on to win their first World Series championship in California, defeating the Chicago White Sox in six games, though McDevitt did not appear in the series. He played for both the Yankees",
"title": "Danny McDevitt"
},
{
"id": "242090",
"text": "Minneapolis to keep another team on the West Coast to ease approval of the moves. There was no turning back: the Dodgers were heading for Hollywood. The Dodgers played their final game at Ebbets Field on September 24, 1957, which the Dodgers won 2–0 over the Pittsburgh Pirates. New York would remain a one-team town with the New York Yankees until 1962, when Joan Payson founded the New York Mets and brought National League baseball back to the city. The blue background used by the Dodgers, would be adopted by the Mets, honoring their New York NL forebears with a",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "13979576",
"text": "Trolley Dodgers) in the 1930s. During the Brooklyn era, the team won the AA championship in 1889 and National League championships twelve times (1890, 1899, 1900, 1916, 1920, 1941, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1955 1956) and won their first World Series championship in . The Brooklyn Dodgers had several Hall of Fame players on their rosters during this era including Roy Campanella, Leo Durocher, Burleigh Grimes, Willie Keeler, Pee Wee Reese, Wilbert Robinson, Duke Snider, Dazzy Vance, Zack Wheat and Jackie Robinson. Robinson, the first African American to play major professional baseball, made his debut as a Dodger in 1947",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "13979718",
"text": "become routine during the years since the Second World War, and teams were no longer bound by much slower railroad timetables. Because of civil aviation advances, it became possible to locate teams farther apart – as far west as California – while maintaining the same busy game schedules. When Los Angeles officials attended the 1956 World Series looking to entice a team to move there, they were not even thinking of the Dodgers. Their original target had been the Washington Senators franchise, which moved to Bloomington, Minnesota to become the Minnesota Twins in 1961. At the same time, O'Malley was",
"title": "History of the Brooklyn Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "243081",
"text": "in 1960, was the home of the Brooklyn Dodgers baseball team, who moved to California after the 1957 Major League Baseball season to become the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Dodgers won several National League pennants in the 1940s and 1950s, losing several times in the World Series—often called \"Subway Series\"—to their Bronx rivals, the New York Yankees. The Dodgers won their lone championship in Brooklyn in the 1955 World Series versus the Yankees. Despite this success during the latter part of the team's stay in Brooklyn, they were a second-division team with an unspectacular winning record for much of their",
"title": "Long Island"
},
{
"id": "12883184",
"text": "Dearie Mulvey Elizabeth Marie \"Dearie\" Mulvey (née McKeever; June 1898 – November 24, 1968) was the co-owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers of the National League from through , then 25 percent minority owner through her death, with her husband, James Mulvey. In 1938, she inherited one-quarter share of the club from her father Stephen McKeever's estate. In 1950, Walter O'Malley assumed majority control of the Dodgers. The Mulvey's minority share was purchased by O'Malley in 1975, 17 years after the team moved from Brooklyn to Los Angeles. She died at White Plains, New York in 1968 after recent years of",
"title": "Dearie Mulvey"
},
{
"id": "10852994",
"text": "Proposed domed Brooklyn Dodgers stadium A proposed domed stadium for the Brooklyn Dodgers, designed by Buckminster Fuller, was to replace Ebbets Field for the Brooklyn Dodgers to allow them to stay in New York City. The Dodgers instead moved to Chavez Ravine in Los Angeles. First announced in the early 1950s, the envisioned structure would have seated 52,000 people and been the first domed stadium in the world, opening roughly a decade before Houston's Astrodome. The stadium, in Fort Greene, Brooklyn, would have been located at the northeast corner of Flatbush Avenue and Atlantic Avenue, on the site of the",
"title": "Proposed domed Brooklyn Dodgers stadium"
},
{
"id": "13979620",
"text": "Ho Park. Chad Billingsley quickly grew to be the team's ace, being one of the leaders in strikeouts and ERA and being the first pitcher on the Dodgers to get double-digit wins. For the majority of the season, the club hovered around a .500 record. To bolster a lineup of mostly young players, Ned Colletti made trades for shortstop Ángel Berroa, third-baseman Casey Blake, and on July 31, 2008 the Los Angeles Dodgers acquired outfielder Manny Ramirez from the Boston Red Sox in a 3-way deal that sent third baseman Andy LaRoche and single-A prospect pitcher Bryan Morris to the",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "386253",
"text": "shareholders such as Joan Whitney Payson, majority owner Horace Stoneham entered into negotiations with San Francisco officials around the same time the Dodgers' owner Walter O'Malley was courting the city of Los Angeles. O'Malley had been told by the other National League team owners that the Dodgers could not move to Los Angeles unless a second team moved to California, out of concern regarding travel costs. He pushed Stoneham toward relocation, and so in the summer of 1957 both the New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers announced their moves to California, ending the three-team golden age of baseball in New",
"title": "San Francisco Giants"
},
{
"id": "7054933",
"text": "Taxpayers Committee for Yes on Baseball, which was approved by Los Angeles voters on June 3, 1958, the City made the controversial decision to trade of land at Chavez Ravine to the Brooklyn Dodgers and team's owner Walter O'Malley, in exchange for land around the minor league park Wrigley Field, with the aim of providing incentives for migration to Los Angeles. From 1958 to 1961, the Dodgers played their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. During the years when the Los Angeles Angels were tenants of the Dodgers (1962 through 1965), the Angels referred to the stadium as",
"title": "Chavez Ravine"
},
{
"id": "4301490",
"text": "Washington, DC, which covered the activities and actions of the United States Congress in the \"Quarterly\", and national capital political events in the \"Journal\" which endure into the 21st Century. This occurred around the same time as the National League baseball team, the Brooklyn Dodgers (formerly the \"Trolley Dodgers\"), who played at Flatbush's Ebbets Field, shocked the city and joined the rival New York Giants at the old Polo Grounds in Manhattan in moving to the West Coast and becoming the Los Angeles Dodgers and the San Francisco Giants. The loss of both primary national icons of the town's identity",
"title": "Brooklyn Eagle"
},
{
"id": "5778856",
"text": "the site, where he could then have built a new stadium for the ball club to replace Ebbets Field. City officials refused to condemn the property for subsequent sale to O'Malley on the grounds that they did not consider a privately financed baseball park to be an appropriate public purpose as defined under Title I of the Federal housing act of 1949. O'Malley's proposal was dismissed by Robert Moses for creating a Great Wall of traffic. In 1958, O'Malley relocated the Dodgers to Los Angeles. In 1968, Long Island University eyed the site, but was opposed by Mayor John V.",
"title": "Pacific Park, Brooklyn"
},
{
"id": "2079991",
"text": "peaked in 1950, much of the city's population began leaving for the suburbs of New York City. The effects were a result of white flight. Industry and commerce also declined in this era, with businesses leaving for the suburbs and other cities. The city, particularly Brooklyn, was dealt a psychological as well as an economic blow with the loss of the iconic Brooklyn Dodgers major-league baseball team, which moved to Los Angeles after the 1957 season. Crime affected the city severely. Urban renewal projects alleviated the decay in Midtown Manhattan to a certain extent, but later failed. There was little",
"title": "New York metropolitan area"
},
{
"id": "20077173",
"text": "to let the team move, but a court over-ruled the league, clearing the way for the Raiders to move to Los Angeles and become the Los Angeles Raiders. In 1982, the Raiders (then owned by Al Davis) were approved to relocate from Oakland to Los Angeles. The Raiders played home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum from 1982 to 1994. In 1995, after being unable to secure a new stadium in the Los Angeles area and after a proposed move to Sacramento that involved Davis taking ownership of the Sacramento Kings fell apart the Raiders moved back to Oakland.",
"title": "Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas"
},
{
"id": "13245220",
"text": "that inaugural season at Wrigley Field in South Los Angeles, the longtime home of the PCL Angels and also of the syndicated television series \"Home Run Derby\". They originally wanted to play at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, where the Dodgers had played on a temporary basis since moving from Brooklyn. However, Commissioner Ford Frick turned this idea down almost out of hand after concluding that the Coliseum's extremely short left field fence (only 250 feet from the plate) made it unsuitable even as a temporary facility. In 1962, under the terms of their agreement with O'Malley, the Angels moved",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Angels"
},
{
"id": "18990183",
"text": "the United States were leading to many citizens moving away from the Northeast, where many MLB teams were based, to southern and western locations. From 1953 to 1955, three franchises were relocated, all of which had been in markets with two or more teams. Prior to the 1958 season, the two New York City teams in the NL, the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants, moved westward; the Dodgers relocated to Los Angeles, while San Francisco became the new home of the Giants. New York City sought a replacement NL franchise, and by December 1958 MLB had created an Expansion",
"title": "1962 Major League Baseball expansion"
},
{
"id": "17624033",
"text": "the current Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim) were one of the eight \"core teams\" of the PCL during its heyday in the 1950s. In 1957, the team was sold to Brooklyn Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley as a harbinger of the Dodgers' move to Los Angeles the following year. For 1958, the Angels moved to Spokane, Washington, and became the (original) Spokane Indians. In 1972, the team moved again, this time to Albuquerque, New Mexico. As the Albuquerque Dukes, many of the team's star players and manager Tommy Lasorda formed the core of a Dodgers franchise that won the 1977, 1978,",
"title": "El Paso Chihuahuas"
},
{
"id": "242084",
"text": "when he played his first major league game on April 15, 1947, as a member of the Brooklyn Dodgers. This was mainly due to general manager Branch Rickey's efforts. The deeply religious Rickey's motivation appears to have been primarily moral, although business considerations were also a factor. Rickey was a member of The Methodist Church, the antecedent denomination to The United Methodist Church of today, which was a strong advocate for social justice and active later in the American Civil Rights Movement. This event was the harbinger of the integration of professional sports in the United States, the concomitant demise",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "13914357",
"text": "only one game for the Dodgers, making a spot start on July 25, 2015, against the New York Mets, and allowed seven runs in only 4 innings. He was traded the following season. 2010 Los Angeles Dodgers season The 2010 Los Angeles Dodgers season saw the team failing to defend their back-to-back National League West titles as they played their 52nd season in Southern California, since moving from Brooklyn after the 1957 season. Prior to the start of Game 1 of the 2009 National League Championship Series, the Dodgers announced that the team's owner and chairman Frank McCourt and his",
"title": "2010 Los Angeles Dodgers season"
},
{
"id": "8059990",
"text": "Brooklyn August Brooklyn August is a poem by Stephen King that first appeared in 1971 in \"Io\" magazine and was later collected in King's \"Nightmares & Dreamscapes\" in 1993. It also pairs with another story in that collection, \"Head Down.\" The poem is reflective in tone, a nostalgic look back at what many consider to be the glory days of baseball as America's national pastime, focusing on the heyday of the Los Angeles Dodgers in their days as the Brooklyn Dodgers under the management of Walter Alston. The poems title reflects the tone of the poem, as it describes the",
"title": "Brooklyn August"
},
{
"id": "2250726",
"text": "Memorial Highway in 1999. He was inducted into the International League Hall of Fame in 2010. In April 2013, readers of the \"Los Angeles Times\" named Alston number 16 on a list of the 20 greatest Dodgers of all time. A memorial to Alston is located at Milford Township Community Park in Darrtown. Walter Alston Walter Emmons Alston (December 1, 1911 – October 1, 1984), nicknamed \"Smokey\", was an American baseball player and manager in Major League Baseball He is best known for managing the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers from 1954 through 1976, and signed 23 one-year contracts with the He",
"title": "Walter Alston"
},
{
"id": "13914282",
"text": "2010 Los Angeles Dodgers season The 2010 Los Angeles Dodgers season saw the team failing to defend their back-to-back National League West titles as they played their 52nd season in Southern California, since moving from Brooklyn after the 1957 season. Prior to the start of Game 1 of the 2009 National League Championship Series, the Dodgers announced that the team's owner and chairman Frank McCourt and his wife Jamie had separated. Immediately after the team was eliminated from the post-season with a loss in Game 5, Frank McCourt fired Jamie from her position as CEO of the Dodgers. In the",
"title": "2010 Los Angeles Dodgers season"
},
{
"id": "20077171",
"text": "approve the move, which was announced at the annual league meetings in Phoenix, Arizona on March 27, 2017. The Raiders became the third NFL franchise to relocate in the 2010s, following the Rams' move from St. Louis, Missouri to Los Angeles, California on January 12, 2016, and the Chargers' move from San Diego, California to Los Angeles on January 12, 2017. The Raiders' move to Las Vegas comes after years of failed efforts to renovate or replace the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum, which has been rated by multiple sources as one of the worst stadiums in the NFL. The Oakland Raiders",
"title": "Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas"
},
{
"id": "6995919",
"text": "Peter O'Malley Peter O'Malley (born December 12, 1937 in Brooklyn, New York) was the owner (1979–98) and president (1970–98) of the Los Angeles Dodgers of Major League Baseball. He was born at Carson C. Peck Memorial Hospital on December 12, 1937 to long-time Dodger owner Walter Francis O'Malley (1903–79) and Katherine Elizabeth \"Kay\" Hanson (1907–79). Peter has a sister, Theresa \"Terry\" O'Malley Seidler (born 1933), who was co-owner of the team. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, where he was president of his fraternity Phi Gamma Delta, and from the Wharton School of Business in 1960. In 1962, Peter",
"title": "Peter O'Malley"
},
{
"id": "3062482",
"text": "routes that run to the area. Part of a general reinvestment in the Coney Island neighborhood, the park opened in 2001 with a capacity of 6,500. The opening of the park, and the Cyclones' permanent move there from their prior temporary home in Queens, marked the return of professional baseball to Brooklyn—albeit on a minor-league level—for the first time since MLB's Brooklyn Dodgers had played their last game at Ebbets Field in 1957 before moving to California the following season. Demand for Cyclones tickets was so great that the team added 1,000 seats in a right-field bleacher pavilion within three",
"title": "MCU Park"
},
{
"id": "242093",
"text": "the term \"Trolley Dodgers\" was attached to the Brooklyn ballclub due to the complex maze of trolley cars that weaved its way through the borough of Brooklyn. In 1892, the city of Brooklyn (Brooklyn was an independent city until annexed by New York City in 1898) began replacing its slow-moving, horse-drawn trolley lines with the faster, more powerful electric trolley lines. Within less than three years, by the end of 1895, electric trolley accidents in Brooklyn had resulted in more than 130 deaths and maimed well over 500 people. Brooklyn's high profile, the significant number of widely reported accidents, and",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "19766044",
"text": "in a row and the third time in five seasons, where they faced the Chicago Cubs for the second year in a row. They defeated the Cubs in five games and advanced to the World Series for the first time since 1988, where they lost to the Houston Astros in seven games. The day after the 2016 World Series several Dodgers instantly became free agents: Pitchers Kenley Jansen, Brett Anderson, Rich Hill, Jesse Chavez, Joe Blanton and J. P. Howell, second baseman Chase Utley, third baseman Justin Turner and outfielder Josh Reddick. On November 9, relief pitcher Chin-hui Tsao was",
"title": "2017 Los Angeles Dodgers season"
},
{
"id": "13979628",
"text": "bid was more than 30% higher than the next highest bid. On April 13, the sale was approved by the bankruptcy court and it officially closed on May 1, 2012. The Guggenheim group didn't waste any time upgrading the team's roster. In a departure from the McCourt years, the Dodgers started acquiring big contracts in trades. They traded for third baseman/shortstop Hanley Ramírez from the Miami Marlins, outfielder Shane Victorino from the Philadelphia Phillies and, in what was described as the \"biggest August trade in MLB history\" Adrian Gonzalez, Josh Beckett and Carl Crawford from the Boston Red Sox. In",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "16486932",
"text": "in a decaying neighborhood. New York officials once again failed to meet O'Malley's demands for a new stadium with more parking and that could be more easily reached. The city of Los Angeles offered O'Malley a new stadium in Chavez Ravine. The area provided easy access to multiple freeways as well as an uncontested media market in one of the nation's largest metropolitan areas. O'Malley talked with Stoneham about the move, and both agreed that the rivalry between the two clubs should remain intact. On October 8, 1957, O'Malley announced the Dodgers move to Los Angeles. On April 15, 1958",
"title": "Professional sports in the Western United States"
},
{
"id": "13979641",
"text": "in the off-season in part of a salary dump, led the team in RBIs and batting average. Rookie starting pitcher Walker Buehler, who was also not on the opening day roster, helped solidify the rotation by posting a 2.62 ERA in 24 appearances (23 starts). At the July trade deadline, the team traded for All-Star shortstop Manny Machado and a former All-Star second baseman Brian Dozier. In August, former World Series MVP David Freese was brought in from Pittsburgh to strength an already formidable line-up. For the 2nd year in a row, the team broke the record for most homeruns",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "5717172",
"text": "of Atlantic Center Mall were also renovated to complement the new mall. The malls are both located directly across Atlantic Avenue from Barclays Center arena, in the neighborhood of Pacific Park, which is being developed by Forest City Ratner. In the 1950s, the land was to be the site of a domed baseball stadium proposed by then Brooklyn Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley. However, the plan fell through, and the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles in 1958. Atlantic Terminal has five floors. The lower levels consist of the LIRR and New York City Subway stations (technically in the basement). Upper floors",
"title": "Atlantic Terminal (shopping mall)"
},
{
"id": "8245500",
"text": "of the displacement of the Chavez Ravine residents. His decision to move baseball out west is considered to be O’Malley’s most influential legacy. Not only was O’Malley successful in moving the Dodgers to Los Angeles, but he was also instrumental in moving the New York Giants to San Francisco. The dual move was disheartening for New Yorkers, but ultimately proved to be beneficial for both franchises. The migration out west spurred a national trend of teams seeking new homes in previously untapped markets, proving beneficial to Major League Baseball as a whole. Walter O’Malley’s contributions to baseball and his legacy",
"title": "Battle of Chavez Ravine"
},
{
"id": "13979636",
"text": "opt-out clause in his contract, going on to sign with division rival Arizona. The club replaced Mattingly with San Diego coach and former Dodgers player Dave Roberts to be the team's new manager for the 2016 season and added former Toronto Blue Jays general manager Alex Anthopoulos to their front office. The team battled injuries in 2016, setting a new MLB record for the most number of players to spend time on the disabled list in one season. The team signed Japanese pitcher Kenta Maeda in the off-season and acquired Rich Hill at the trading deadline, helping them makeup for",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "13979637",
"text": "the loss of Kershaw for two months with a back injury. They won the NL West for the fourth straight season and defeated the Washington Nationals in the Division Series before losing in the NLCS to the eventual World Series champion Cubs. Corey Seager won the National League Rookie of The Year award. Following the 2016 season, the Dodgers re-signed free agents Justin Turner, Kenley Jansen, and Rich Hill. During the season, the Dodgers received surprise performances from utility man Chris Taylor and relief pitcher Brandon Morrow and rookie first baseman/outfielder Cody Bellinger, all three whom started the season in",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "4406547",
"text": "Los Angeles Angels (PCL) The Los Angeles Angels were a Minor League Baseball team based in Los Angeles that played in the \"near-major league\" Pacific Coast League from 1903 through 1957. The next year, Los Angeles became the host city to the first western Major League Baseball (MLB) team, the Los Angeles Dodgers, after the Brooklyn Dodgers moved to Los Angeles. This move brought MLB competition into the PCL's region and it would eventually become a minor league affiliate of MLB. The Angels were the Dodgers' PCL affiliate in 1957 and transferred north in 1958 to Spokane, Washington, to become",
"title": "Los Angeles Angels (PCL)"
},
{
"id": "20401098",
"text": "and Quality Assurance Coach Juan Castro left to become Director of Operations for the Tijuana Toros. On January 2, they replaced Bard by hiring former MLB pitcher Mark Prior to be the team's bullpen coach. On November 2, 2017, the day after the 2017 World Series, several Dodgers players became free agents. They were pitchers Yu Darvish, Brandon Morrow and Tony Watson, second baseman Chase Utley and outfielders Curtis Granderson and Franklin Gutiérrez. On November 5, they declined the 2018 option on outfielder Andre Ethier, making him a free agent. Outfielder O'Koyea Dickson was outrighted to the minors and removed",
"title": "2018 Los Angeles Dodgers season"
},
{
"id": "11033397",
"text": "that the Dodgers would not be allowed to move to Los Angeles unless a second team moved to California as well. He pushed Stoneham toward relocation. In the summer of 1957, both the New York Giants and the Brooklyn Dodgers announced their moves to California, and the golden age of baseball in the New York area ended. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting",
"title": "1957 New York Giants (MLB) season"
},
{
"id": "242088",
"text": "City considered this an empty threat, and did not believe O'Malley would go through with moving the team from New York City. After teams began to travel to and from games by air instead of train, it became possible to include locations in the far west. Los Angeles officials attended the 1956 World Series looking to the Washington Senators to move to the West Coast. When O'Malley heard that LA was looking for a club, he sent word to the Los Angeles officials that he was interested in talking. LA offered him what New York would not: a chance to",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "20077172",
"text": "were founded as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL) in 1960. The team joined the NFL as a result of the merger in 1970. From 1966 until 1981, it played home games at the Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum, which it shared with Major League Baseball's Oakland Athletics after that team moved to Oakland in 1968. In 1980 Al Davis, dissatisfied with the stadium situation in Oakland and seeing luxury boxes as the future of the NFL came to an agreement with the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum commission to move the Raiders to Los Angeles. The NFL had refused",
"title": "Oakland Raiders relocation to Las Vegas"
},
{
"id": "12392133",
"text": "The city was also host to two other highly popular baseball teams in the National League, the Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants, before their transfer to California beginning with the 1958 season. The Yankees' chief rivals, the Boston Red Sox, also enjoy a huge following in Boston and throughout New England. The fierce National League rivalry between the former Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants was transferred to the West Coast when the teams became the Los Angeles Dodgers and the San Francisco Giants, and California has always been among the US states which have supplied the most",
"title": "Baseball in the United States"
},
{
"id": "10852997",
"text": "Dodgers to leave Brooklyn in 1957 and settle in Los Angeles. Some think O'Malley purposely proposed a stadium that had little chance of being built and that he privately negotiated with the city while publicly touting the merits of the domed stadium. Others suggest that the domed stadium failed because of Moses' uncompromising personality. The Atlantic Terminal Mall now stands on the land where the stadium would have been built. Adjacent to the Atlantic Terminal, in the new Pacific Park development, is the Barclays Center, where the Brooklyn Nets began play in 2012-13; they were joined by the New York",
"title": "Proposed domed Brooklyn Dodgers stadium"
},
{
"id": "242091",
"text": "blend of Dodgers blue and Giants orange. The Dodgers were the first Major League Baseball team to ever play in Los Angeles. On April 18, 1958, the Dodgers played their first LA game, defeating the former New York and now new San Francisco Giants, 6–5, before 78,672 fans at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Catcher Roy Campanella, left partially paralyzed in an off-season accident, was never able to play in Los Angeles. Construction on Dodger Stadium was completed in time for Opening Day 1962. With its clean, simple lines and its picturesque setting amid hills and palm trees, the ballpark",
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "16192486",
"text": "yards with 17 touchdowns. The popularity of this wide-open offense enabled the Los Angeles Rams to become the first pro football team to have all their games televised in 1950. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the Los Angeles Rams went from being the only major professional sports franchise in Southern California and Los Angeles to being one of five. The Los Angeles Dodgers moved from Brooklyn in 1958, the Los Angeles Chargers of the upstart AFL was established in 1960, the Los Angeles Lakers moved from Minneapolis in 1960, and the Los Angeles Angels were awarded to Gene",
"title": "History of the Los Angeles Rams"
},
{
"id": "14448978",
"text": "with him, for had he moved out west alone, the St. Louis Cardinals— away— would have been the closest National League team. The joint move would make West Coast road trips economical for visiting teams. Since the meetings occurred during the 1957 season and against the wishes of Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick, there was media gamesmanship. When O'Malley moved the Dodgers from Brooklyn, the story transcended the world of sport and he found himself on the cover of \"Time\" magazine. The cover art for the issue was created by sports cartoonist Willard Mullin, long noted for his caricature of",
"title": "Major League Baseball relocation of 1950s–60s"
},
{
"id": "13979719",
"text": "looking for a contingency in case Moses and other New York politicians refused to let him build the Brooklyn stadium he wanted, and sent word to the Los Angeles officials that he was interested in talking. Los Angeles offered him what New York did not: a chance to buy land suitable for building a ballpark, and own that ballpark, giving him complete control over all its revenue streams. At the same time, the National League was not willing to approve the Dodgers' move unless O'Malley found a second team to willing to join them out west, largely out of concern",
"title": "History of the Brooklyn Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "2991079",
"text": "professional baseball union to survive more than briefly, but it remained largely ineffective for years. No major league team had been located west of St. Louis until 1958, when the Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Giants relocated to Los Angeles and San Francisco, respectively. The majors' final all-white bastion, the Boston Red Sox, added a black player in 1959. With the integration of the majors drying up the available pool of players, the last Negro league folded the following year. In 1961, the American League reached the West Coast with the Los Angeles Angels expansion team, and the major league",
"title": "History of baseball"
},
{
"id": "10912216",
"text": "NBA, the NFL, and the NHL — as well as one team in the WNBA, a top level women's league. The following are the major professional teams in the Los Angeles area. The Los Angeles area is one of four metropolitan areas to host two Major League Baseball teams—the Los Angeles Dodgers in the National League and the Los Angeles Angels in the American League. The Dodgers are one of the most valuable franchises in MLB. The Dodgers were founded in Brooklyn, New York; they officially adopted the name Dodgers in 1932. Los Angeles boasts two NBA teams, the Los",
"title": "Sports in Los Angeles"
},
{
"id": "19766124",
"text": "to play the Rockies. Hyun-jin Ryu allowed five runs, including three home runs in only two innings as the Rockies won big, 9–1. In the next game, Yasiel Puig hit a two-run homer as the Dodgers won 5–3 to clinch the best record in baseball, for the first time in 43 years. The Dodgers finished off the regular season with a 6–3 win over the Rockies. They tied the 1942 Brooklyn Dodgers for the second most wins in franchise history with 104, their highest win total since moving to Los Angeles. The Dodgers, as the top seeded team in the",
"title": "2017 Los Angeles Dodgers season"
},
{
"id": "4352569",
"text": "after the Dodgers and Giants had departed for California. When he made the decision to relocate in October 1957 to Los Angeles, O'Malley did not have an established location for where the Dodgers would play in 1958. O'Malley worked out a deal with Los Angeles County and the state of California to rent the Los Angeles Coliseum for $200,000 per year for 1958 and 1959, plus 10% of the ticket revenue, and all concession profits for the first nine games of each season following an opening series with the San Francisco Giants. The Dodgers temporarily took up residence while they",
"title": "Walter O'Malley"
},
{
"id": "13979720",
"text": "for travel costs. Meanwhile, Giants owner Horace Stoneham was having similar difficulty finding a replacement for his team's antiquated home stadium, the Polo Grounds. Stoneham was considering moving the Giants to Minneapolis, but was persuaded instead to move them to San Francisco, ensuring that the Dodgers had a National League rival closer than St. Louis. So the two arch-rival teams, the Dodgers and Giants, moved out to the West Coast together after the 1957 season. The Brooklyn Dodgers played their final game at Ebbets Field on September 24, 1957, which the Dodgers won 2–0 over the Pittsburgh Pirates. On April",
"title": "History of the Brooklyn Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "13979685",
"text": "two stadiums in South Brooklyn, each named Washington Park, and at Eastern Park in the neighborhood of Brownsville before moving to Ebbets Field in the neighborhood of Flatbush in 1913. The team is noted for signing Jackie Robinson in 1947 as the first black player in the modern major leagues. The first convention of the National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP) were from Brooklyn, including the Atlantic, Eckford, and Excelsior clubs that combined to dominate play for most of the 1860s. Brooklyn helped make baseball commercial, as the locale of the first paid admission games, a series of three",
"title": "History of the Brooklyn Dodgers"
},
{
"id": "5666512",
"text": "Francisco. She co-chaired the senatorial campaigns of Dianne Feinstein. She was employed as motion picture executive and was a consultant to Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley. Access to some \"Los Angeles Times\" links may require the use of a library card. Rosalind Wiener Wyman Rosalind Wiener Wyman (born October 4, 1930) is a California Democratic political figure who was the youngest person ever elected to the Los Angeles City Council and the second woman to serve there. She was influential in bringing the Brooklyn Dodgers from New York to Chavez Ravine, Los Angeles. Rosalind Wiener was born October 4, 1930,",
"title": "Rosalind Wiener Wyman"
}
] | when did the dodgers move to la from brooklyn |
|
| [
{
"id": "5914206",
"text": "Madea's Family Reunion Tyler Perry's Madea's Family Reunion is a 2006 comedy-drama film adaptation of the stage production of the same name written by Tyler Perry and sequel to \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\". It was written and directed by Perry, who also played several characters, including Madea. It was released on February 24, 2006, nearly one year following its predecessor, \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\". The independent film was produced by Lionsgate. After Madea (Tyler Perry) violates the terms of her house arrest (which she was subjected to in the previous film), the judge orders her to",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion"
},
{
"id": "5914220",
"text": "to be desired as a film.\" Metacritic gives the film a score of 45% based on reviews from 18 critics. Madea's Family Reunion Tyler Perry's Madea's Family Reunion is a 2006 comedy-drama film adaptation of the stage production of the same name written by Tyler Perry and sequel to \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\". It was written and directed by Perry, who also played several characters, including Madea. It was released on February 24, 2006, nearly one year following its predecessor, \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\". The independent film was produced by Lionsgate. After Madea (Tyler Perry) violates",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion"
},
{
"id": "12701449",
"text": "Madea's Family Reunion (play) Madea's Family Reunion is an American play written by Tyler Perry. It stars Tyler Perry as Madea, Quan Howell as Reverend Lewis, Sonya Evans as Lisa, D'atra Hicks as Jackie and Tamela Mann as Cora. The Simmons family has a funeral, a wedding, and a family reunion all in the same weekend, and it is up to no-nonsense matriarch Madea to keep things in order. Just as the southern matriarch Madea buries her older sister, Irene, her granddaughter Lisa is getting married to a very successful rich man named Ronnie at the house. But Lisa's fiancé",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion (play)"
},
{
"id": "11256998",
"text": "Family Reunion (film) Family Reunion is a 1981 four-hour American made-for-television drama film directed by Fielder Cook. The teleplay by Allan Sloane was based on the \"Good Housekeeping\" article \"How America Lives\" by Joe Sparton. It was produced by Columbia Pictures Television for NBC, which aired it in two parts on October 11 and 12, 1981. At its core is feisty matriarch Elizabeth Winfield, a New England teacher recently retired after a fifty-year career. She uses an unlimited bus ticket received as a gift to visit the distant members of her long-estranged family. During her absence, her small hometown, which",
"title": "Family Reunion (film)"
},
{
"id": "5914214",
"text": "Frankie and being a better mother to her own children. Victoria then leaves and later lies to Lisa, telling her that Carlos has agreed to counseling. Lisa eventually returns to Carlos and resumes her wedding plans. At the family reunion, held at the home of ninety-six-year-old Aunt Ruby (Georgia Allen), Vanessa and Victoria get into another verbal confrontation, which eventually turns into a physical fight after Victoria insults Vanessa about her relationship with Frankie in front of the family. The fight is broken up when Myrtle, (Cicely Tyson) Madea's daughter-in-law, and Aunt May (Maya Angelou) gather the family members to",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion"
},
{
"id": "12701452",
"text": "decides to marry her first love, A.J. Madea's Family Reunion (play) Madea's Family Reunion is an American play written by Tyler Perry. It stars Tyler Perry as Madea, Quan Howell as Reverend Lewis, Sonya Evans as Lisa, D'atra Hicks as Jackie and Tamela Mann as Cora. The Simmons family has a funeral, a wedding, and a family reunion all in the same weekend, and it is up to no-nonsense matriarch Madea to keep things in order. Just as the southern matriarch Madea buries her older sister, Irene, her granddaughter Lisa is getting married to a very successful rich man named",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion (play)"
},
{
"id": "5914217",
"text": "asks Vanessa to marry him. She says yes, and they're married at the church instead. At the reception, Victoria tells Vanessa that the two are a beautiful couple and they hug, signifying the first steps in a possible reconciliation. The soundtrack was released by Motown Records on February 21, 2006. \"Madea's Family Reunion\" was budgeted at $6 million and opened at #1 in its opening weekend (2/24-26) with $30,030,661 and eventually grossed $63,257,940 in North America with an additional $50,939 internationally, tying $63,308,879 worldwide after 9 weeks in theaters. Small independent filmmaker Tyler Perry has garnered one of the highest",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion"
},
{
"id": "5914208",
"text": "the film. Lisa Breaux (Rochelle Aytes), one of Madea's nieces, is engaged to Carlos Armstrong (Blair Underwood), an abusive and controlling investment banker. While she desperately wants to get out of the engagement, her conniving gold-digging mother, Victoria (Lynn Whitfield), urges her to go through with the wedding, telling Lisa to avoid doing things that make Carlos angry. Vanessa (Lisa Arrindell Anderson), the other of Madea's nieces, who lives with her, has two children fathered by two different men, neither of whom is involved in their children's lives; Victoria regularly degrades Vanessa for this, even referring to her grandchildren as",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion"
},
{
"id": "3725283",
"text": "Doctor\" in 1932. In 1961 she was seen as a middle-aged bride in Jerry Lewis' \"It's Only Money\", one of Fanny Brice's mother's card-playing friends at the start of the film \"Funny Girl\" in 1968, and as the \"Jewish Mama from Hell\" in \"New York Stories\" in 1989 in Woody Allen's segment titled \"Oedipus Wrecks\"; she had earlier sung the song \"Chameleon Days\" on the soundtrack for Allen's film \"Zelig\" in 1983. Her last non-voice appearance was as the elderly Aunt Bethany in 1989's \"National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation\". In 1973, Questel had a role in the short-lived ABC television sitcom",
"title": "Mae Questel"
},
{
"id": "5914218",
"text": "wide-release openings to date in 2006, in both gross ($30 million) and screen average ($13,687). \"The number one movie is \"Madea's Family Reunion\", a small comedy/melodrama which grossed an astounding $30.3 million from 2,194 venues. It had a super-hot venue average of $13,787...\" \"Playing at 2,194 locations across North America, the film averaged a remarkable estimated $13,788 per screen, demonstrating the enormous breadth and depth of Perry's audience. The debut weekend of \"Madea's Family Reunion\" outperformed the opening weekend of Lionsgate's first Tyler Perry film, \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\", by nearly 40 percent.\" The reasoning for the film's",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion"
},
{
"id": "7618666",
"text": "is also a recognized actress. She made her acting debut in the 2004 film \"\" and rose to prominence in 2006 for her breakthrough role in \"Akeelah and the Bee\" as well as starring in \"Madea's Family Reunion\". Palmer has also starred in films such as \"The Longshots\" (2008), \"Shrink\" (2009) and \"Animal\" (2014). In 2012, Palmer starred in four films \"Joyful Noise\", \"\", \"\", and \"Virgin Mary\". Besides films, Palmer has also starred in the television films \"Knights of the South Bronx\" (2005), \"Jump In!\" (2007), and \"Rags\" (2012) among others. Palmer has also had numerous television roles including",
"title": "Keke Palmer"
},
{
"id": "12701451",
"text": "with him, Jackie urges Kevin to get a job for the sake of their child. Meanwhile, Madea's know-it-all niece Victoria is being romantically pursued by her minister. Later, Tina and Lisa tearfully reveal to Cora that when they were kids, their father sexually abused them, and Cora reflects that it will take days of praying to get over this bombshell. Madea must endure the craziness of neighbor Leroy Brown and of the dysfunctional relatives all staying under her roof for the weekend. During the family reunion, Lisa tells everyone that Ronnie has been hitting her. On the wedding day, Lisa",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion (play)"
},
{
"id": "17675838",
"text": "D'atra Hicks D'Atra Hicks (born Deitra Hicks; December 27, 1967) is an American actress and singer. Hicks is best known for her role as Jackie Simmons in Tyler Perry's 2002 stage play \"Madea's Family Reunion\". Hicks has also performed as Nurse Trudy in the 2006 stage play \"What's Done in the Dark\" and as Niecy in the 2009 play \"Laugh to Keep from Crying\". Born in Harlem, Hicks began performing in her grandfather's church choir as a child. In her early teens, Hicks and her older sister Miriam formed a singing group \"The Hicks Sisters\" and eventually cut a demo.",
"title": "D'atra Hicks"
},
{
"id": "17675844",
"text": "featured the soulful gospel voice of D’Atra Hicks. The album was produced by Grammy Award winner Cedric Thompson, Michael Bereal and Keith Williams. D'atra Hicks D'Atra Hicks (born Deitra Hicks; December 27, 1967) is an American actress and singer. Hicks is best known for her role as Jackie Simmons in Tyler Perry's 2002 stage play \"Madea's Family Reunion\". Hicks has also performed as Nurse Trudy in the 2006 stage play \"What's Done in the Dark\" and as Niecy in the 2009 play \"Laugh to Keep from Crying\". Born in Harlem, Hicks began performing in her grandfather's church choir as a",
"title": "D'atra Hicks"
},
{
"id": "20465176",
"text": "Dead Diva\" and \"\". In 2017, she had a recurring role in the Bounce TV prime time soap opera \"Saints & Sinners\". Lisa Arrindell Anderson Lisa Arrindell Anderson (born March 24, 1969) is an American actress. She has appeared in films \"Livin' Large\" (1991), \"Trial by Jury\" (1994), \"The Second Chance\" (2006) and \"Madea's Family Reunion\" (2006). Arrindell was born in Bronx, New York and attended High School of Performing Arts and Juilliard School in New York City. Arrindell made her film debut playing a female leading role in the 1991 comedy \"Livin' Large\". She later went to appear in",
"title": "Lisa Arrindell Anderson"
},
{
"id": "5429500",
"text": "Perry's \"Madea's Family Reunion\" (2006). Whitfield also appeared in \"The Women\" (2008), \"The Rebound\" (2009) and \"Mama, I Want to Sing\" (2011), and had many roles in a low-profile B-Movies. She also starred as Dorothea Garibaldi in both Disney Channel films \"The Cheetah Girls\" and \"The Cheetah Girls 2\". On television, Whitfield had recurring roles on \"Boston Public\" and \"Without a Trace\" in the 2000s. From 2014 to 2015, she appeared in the ABC legal drama, \"How to Get Away with Murder\" as villainous Mary Walker. She also had the recurring role on \"Hit the Floor\", and appeared as April's",
"title": "Lynn Whitfield"
},
{
"id": "5841999",
"text": "and motherly at heart. This is heavily evidenced in \"Gets a Job\", in which Madea provides life lessons, guidance, and direction to all the residents and staff members of a nursing home. Moreover, on numerous occasions, Madea has accepted family members who were without a place to stay into her home on her own accord. These family members have included her granddaughter Helen (\"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\" film), granddaughter Vianne (\"I Can Do Bad All by Myself\"), her great niece Vanessa and her two kids (\"Madea's Family Reunion\"), and ex-convict Bobby Mitchell (\"I Can Do Bad All by",
"title": "Madea"
},
{
"id": "5841991",
"text": "has stated that although her family didn't have much, they had love. According to \"Family Reunion\", Madea's mother, \"Big Mabel\" Murphy, was a hooker during Madea's childhood and wasn't at all religious. As a result, Madea grew up with little knowledge of Christianity (as an elderly woman, Madea has a tendency to misquote the Bible). She attended Booker T. Washington High School, where she served as a cheerleader. When Madea was 16, her parents moved her and the rest of her immediate family to Atlanta, Georgia, in a shotgun house. It was reported in Madea's book, \"Don't Make a Black",
"title": "Madea"
},
{
"id": "8311687",
"text": "to the King\" was huge commercial success, and well as received Grammy Award for Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance nomination. Mann is known for her role as Cora in Tyler Perry's plays, including \"I Can Do Bad All By Myself\", \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\", \"Madea's Family Reunion\", \"Madea's Class Reunion\", \"Meet the Browns\", and \"What's Done in the Dark\". Mann has appeared in movies including \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\" and \"Madea's Big Happy Family\". She recorded some songs on the soundtrack for \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\", including participating in the song \"Father (Can You",
"title": "Tamela Mann"
},
{
"id": "3155163",
"text": "Julie Bowen Julie Bowen Luetkemeyer (born March 3, 1970), known professionally as Julie Bowen, is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Aunt Gwen on \"Dawson's Creek\" (2000), Carol Vessey on \"Ed\" (2000–04), Denise Bauer on \"Boston Legal\" (2005–07), Sarah Shephard on \"Lost\" (2005–07), and Claire Dunphy on the comedy \"Modern Family\" (since 2009). The last earned her six nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series (2010–2015), winning in 2011 and 2012. Bowen has also appeared in films such as \"Happy Gilmore\" (1996), \"Multiplicity\" (1996), \"Venus and Mars\" (2001),",
"title": "Julie Bowen"
},
{
"id": "5914209",
"text": "\"bastards\". Vanessa is successfully, though through some struggle, wooed by poetry-spouting bus driver Frankie Henderson (Boris Kodjoe), who is the single father of a young son, and has a passion for painting. As much as Vanessa likes Frankie, she is emotionally closed off and has a difficult time trusting him. Lisa eventually leaves Carlos with the intention of calling off the wedding, temporarily moving in with Madea. Carlos, eager to move forward with the wedding, dispatches Victoria to bring Lisa back to him. Victoria confronts Carlos about the abuse, suggesting that insecurity about his masculinity is causing him to act",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion"
},
{
"id": "14822689",
"text": "Dorothy Van Dorothy Van (January 10, 1928 - May 16, 2002) was an American stage and TV actress who is best remembered for her comedic role as Aunt Effie Harper on the 1980s situation comedy \"Mama's Family\". She was born Dorothy Helene Vanberryl in Moline, Illinois, to Elmer J. Vanberryl, a German post office worker, and Emeline Franks Vanberryl. As a child she spent considerable time watching the movies of the day. Her favorite actresses during this time were Irene Dunne, Loretta Young, and Bette Davis; and she remembered having a girlhood crush on Joel McCrea. She also enjoyed reading,",
"title": "Dorothy Van"
},
{
"id": "13083757",
"text": "prompting widespread discussion among industry watchers about whether middle-class African-Americans were simply not being addressed by mainstream Hollywood movies. Its final gross box office receipts were $50.6 million, although it was critically panned scoring only 16 percent approval rating on the website Rotten Tomatoes. On its opening weekend, February 24, 2006, Perry's film version of \"Madea's Family Reunion\" opened at #1 with $30.3 million. The film eventually grossed $65 million and, like \"Diary\", almost all of it in the United States. The film was jump-started by an hour-long appearance by Perry and his co-stars on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\". His",
"title": "Tyler Perry Studios"
},
{
"id": "6898245",
"text": "\"Just a Minute\" and writes columns for newspapers and magazines. She wrote and starred in radio shows \"Life with Lederer\" and \"All Change\" at BBC Radio 4. In December 2009 Lederer appeared on \"Eggheads\" and went head-to-head against Kevin Ashman. Lederer was one of eight celebrities who spent a week learning Welsh in an eco-friendly chic campsite in Pembrokeshire for the S4C television series shown in July 2011. She appeared in the 2011 British live-action 3D family comedy film \"Horrid Henry: The Movie\", as the title character's aunt Rich Aunt Ruby. In 2013 Lederer played Miss Bowline-Hitch in the children's",
"title": "Helen Lederer"
},
{
"id": "20465174",
"text": "Lisa Arrindell Anderson Lisa Arrindell Anderson (born March 24, 1969) is an American actress. She has appeared in films \"Livin' Large\" (1991), \"Trial by Jury\" (1994), \"The Second Chance\" (2006) and \"Madea's Family Reunion\" (2006). Arrindell was born in Bronx, New York and attended High School of Performing Arts and Juilliard School in New York City. Arrindell made her film debut playing a female leading role in the 1991 comedy \"Livin' Large\". She later went to appear in \"Trial by Jury\" (1994) and \"Clockers\" (1995). In 2006, Arrindell has appeared in three films, \"Big Momma's House 2\", \"The Second Chance\"",
"title": "Lisa Arrindell Anderson"
},
{
"id": "12339255",
"text": "Rebecca Breeds Rebecca Elizabeth Breeds (born 17 June 1987) is an Australian actress, known for her roles as Cassie Cometti in the third series of \"Blue Water High\", as series regular Ruby Buckton in the soap opera \"Home and Away,\" Aurora de Martel in \"The Originals\" and as recurring character Nicole in seasons 6 and 7 of \"Pretty Little Liars\". Breeds was born in Sydney. She attended St Andrew's Cathedral School, where she was made Drama Captain. For six months, she studied a double degree in music and performing arts at University of New South Wales, before deferring her studies",
"title": "Rebecca Breeds"
},
{
"id": "3725276",
"text": "Mae Questel Mae Questel (September 13, 1908 – January 4, 1998) was an American actress and voice actress best known for providing the voices for the animated characters Betty Boop and Olive Oyl. She began in vaudeville, and played occasional small roles in films and television later in her career, most notably the role of Aunt Bethany in 1989's \"National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation\". Born as Mae Kwestel in the Bronx New York City to Simon and Freida Kwestel, she attended Morris High School and studied acting at the American Theatre Wing and with the Theatre Guild. Although she wanted to",
"title": "Mae Questel"
},
{
"id": "2241886",
"text": "Rue McClanahan Eddi-Rue McClanahan (February 21, 1934 – June 3, 2010) was an American actress best known for her roles on television as Vivian Harmon on \"Maude\" (1972–78), Aunt Fran Crowley on \"Mama's Family\" (1983–84), and Blanche Devereaux on \"The Golden Girls\" (1985–92), for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 1987. Eddi-Rue McClanahan was born in Healdton, Oklahoma, on February 21, 1934. She was the daughter of Dreda Rheua-Nell ( Medaris; 1912 – 1973), a beautician, and William Edwin \"Bill\" McClanahan (1908 – 1999), a building contractor. Her mother's maiden name",
"title": "Rue McClanahan"
},
{
"id": "3781508",
"text": "a singer and actor. He had a cameo role on the TV show \"Family Matters\", and sang \"You For Me\" in the 2006 movie \"Madea's Family Reunion\". Gill starred in the 2009 stage play \"A Mother's Prayer\", which also starred Robin Givens, Shirley Murdock, and Jermaine Crawford Gill has received two Grammy Award nominations: one with New Edition and one as a solo artist. Gill won two Soul Train Awards for Best R&B/Urban Contemporary Album of the Year – Male, and for Best R&B/Urban Contemporary Single (for \"My My My\") in 1991. Grammy Awards Johnny Gill Johnny Gill Jr. (born",
"title": "Johnny Gill"
},
{
"id": "20465175",
"text": "and \"Madea's Family Reunion\". Ten years later, Arrindell went to star opposite Isaiah Washington in the thriller \"The Sin Seer\". On television, Arrindell had series regular role in the NBC sitcom \"In the House\" in 1995. She co-starred in a number of made-for-television movies, include \"A Lesson Before Dying\" (1999) alongside Don Cheadle and Cicely Tyson, \"Disappearing Acts\" (2000) starring Sanaa Lathan, \"The Wronged Man\" (2010) with Julia Ormond and Mahershala Ali, and \"The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks\" (2017) starring Oprah Winfrey. She also had guest starring roles on \"The Cosby Show\", \"The Practice\", \"The Steve Harvey Show\", \"Drop",
"title": "Lisa Arrindell Anderson"
},
{
"id": "880653",
"text": "of comfort food. It's always where I go back to when I want to feel grounded,\" Ringwald said in a statement. Ringwald played Madame Frechette in the 2014 Lifetime Christmas film \"Wishin' and Hopin'\". Ringwald plays Aunt Bailey in \"Jem and the Holograms\", raising Jerrica, her sister Kimber, and adopted daughters. In September 2014, Ringwald began writing an advice column for \"The Guardian\", answering questions about \"love, family, or life in general\". In 2016, she was cast as Amy in the crime-drama film \"King Cobra\". Ringwald currently has a recurring role as Mary Andrews on The CW television series \"Riverdale\".",
"title": "Molly Ringwald"
},
{
"id": "3789705",
"text": "Frances Bavier Frances Elizabeth Bavier (December 14, 1902 – December 6, 1989) was an American stage and television actress. Originally from New York theatre, she worked in film and television from the 1950s until the 1970s. She is best known for her role of Aunt Bee on \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" from 1960 to 1970. Aunt Bee logged more Mayberry years (ten) than any other character. She won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Comedy Actress for the role in 1967. Born in New York City in a brownstone on Gramercy Park to Charles S., a stationary",
"title": "Frances Bavier"
},
{
"id": "10326596",
"text": "ABC Family Channel on Saturday, September 14, Tuesday, September 17 and Wednesday, September 18. The Facts of Life Reunion The Facts of Life Reunion is a 2001 American made-for-television comedy film based on the 1979–1988 NBC sitcom \"The Facts of Life\" which reunited original cast members Charlotte Rae, Lisa Whelchel, Mindy Cohn and Kim Fields, with the exception of Nancy McKeon, who was unable to participate due to scheduling conflicts with her then-starring role in the television series \"The Division\". The film originally aired on ABC as part of \"The Wonderful World of Disney\" on Sunday, November 18, 2001. It",
"title": "The Facts of Life Reunion"
},
{
"id": "8143317",
"text": "Rochelle Aytes Rochelle Aytes (born May 17, 1976) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her role as April Malloy on ABC drama series \"Mistresses\" (2013-16). Aytes also starred in the auto-biography story film of TLC such as \"\" as Perri \"Pebbles\" Reid, short-lived series \"Drive\", \"The Forgotten\" (2009–10), Criminal Minds and \"Work It\". In film, Aytes has appeared in \"White Chicks\", \"Madea's Family Reunion\" and \"Trick 'r Treat\". Aytes was born in Harlem, New York, and attended Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Fine Arts from State University",
"title": "Rochelle Aytes"
},
{
"id": "12339259",
"text": "The couple announced their engagement in May 2012 and they married in January 2013. Rebecca Breeds Rebecca Elizabeth Breeds (born 17 June 1987) is an Australian actress, known for her roles as Cassie Cometti in the third series of \"Blue Water High\", as series regular Ruby Buckton in the soap opera \"Home and Away,\" Aurora de Martel in \"The Originals\" and as recurring character Nicole in seasons 6 and 7 of \"Pretty Little Liars\". Breeds was born in Sydney. She attended St Andrew's Cathedral School, where she was made Drama Captain. For six months, she studied a double degree in",
"title": "Rebecca Breeds"
},
{
"id": "4297310",
"text": "1989 film \"Do the Right Thing\", and his 1991 film \"Jungle Fever\". In 1995, she and Davis were awarded the National Medal of Arts. They were also recipients of the Kennedy Center Honors in 2004. In 2003, she narrated a series of WPA slave narratives in the HBO film \"Unchained Memories\". In 2007 the winner of the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album was shared by Dee and Ossie Davis for \"With Ossie And Ruby: In This Life Together\", and former President Jimmy Carter. Dee was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2007 for her",
"title": "Ruby Dee"
},
{
"id": "5914219",
"text": "relative success, according to Steve Rothenberg, Lions Gate president of domestic distribution, is due to its targeted market appeal, \"I believe that we're in all the right theaters...I'm not sure there's much room for expansion.\" To illustrate the point, Lions Gate's exit polls showed 52 percent of the audience were black women over the age of 35. \"Madea's Family Reunion\" received mixed reviews from critics. It holds a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 25%, based on 56 reviews, with an average rating of 4.5/10. The consensus reads \"Tyler Perry's Madea's Family Reunion is sincere in its positive intentions, but leaves something",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion"
},
{
"id": "5914212",
"text": "her actions, telling her daughters that they would have been destitute if Lisa's father had left, and that after going through a previous divorce with Vanessa's father and working two jobs to support the family afterwards, she was tired of struggling and felt that she deserved better. She also reveals that her own mother, a prostitute and drug addict, regularly traded her for \"ten dollars and a fix\", essentially almost mirroring what she'd done with Vanessa and Lisa's father. Victoria then states that she would not allow Vanessa to ruin her happiness, and that she would not apologize for the",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion"
},
{
"id": "6769042",
"text": "in film. Goodwin played Gigi in \"He's Just Not That into You\", which was released in February 2009. For this role, she received a nomination for the People's Choice Award for Breakout Movie Actress. In April 2009 she began filming \"Ramona and Beezus\" (playing \"Aunt Bea\"). From 2011 to 2017, Goodwin played a leading role in the ABC fantasy drama series \"Once Upon a Time\". She played both the fairy tale heroine Snow White and her real world counterpart, schoolteacher Mary Margaret Blanchard. Goodwin and husband Josh Dallas exited the show at the end of its sixth season to move",
"title": "Ginnifer Goodwin"
},
{
"id": "4517769",
"text": "TV miniseries (1998). As such, Lewis earned the title \"Black Mother of Hollywood\". She also provided the voice for Mama Odie in Disney's animated feature, \"The Princess and the Frog\" (2009). Additional film roles include \"Dead Presidents\" (1995), \"Cast Away\" (2000), and \"Hereafter\" (2010). On television, Lewis starred as Lana Hawkins in the Lifetime medical drama \"Strong Medicine\" from 2000 to 2006. She also had recurring roles on sitcoms \"A Different World\", \"The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air\" and \"Girlfriends\". In 2014, Lewis began starring as Ruby Johnson in the ABC comedy series \"Black-ish\", for which she received two Critics' Choice",
"title": "Jenifer Lewis"
},
{
"id": "13067000",
"text": "prison, instead she gives Madea unflattering though less severe punishments such as house arrest, becoming foster mother to a wayward teen (played by Keke Palmer) and going to therapy sessions with Doctor Phil. Ephriam made a short appearance in the film adaptation of the play \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\". She also portrayed the same judge character in both \"Madea's Family Reunion\" and \"Madea Goes to Jail\". As a judge, her first name is pronounced \"may-BLENE,\" as in the Chuck Berry song \"Maybellene.\" In the fall of 2014, Ephriam returned to TV with a new court room series, produced",
"title": "Mablean Ephriam"
},
{
"id": "8848845",
"text": "\"TV Guide's\" Sexiest Faces. Miller appeared alongside Mekhi Phifer in the independent film \"The Other Brother\" (2002). Miller was the lead in \"\" and played Donna in Tyler Perry's \"Madea's Family Reunion\". Miller was also featured in Ol' Dirty Bastard's music video of \"Got Your Money\" in 1999 as a dancer. Miller produced the Ghanaian film \"Police Officer 3\" and recently the film \"After School\". She produced her third film \"Love & Other 4 Letter Words\" in April 2006. Miller's directorial debut was in 2017, for the film \"Diva Diaries\" — in which she also was producer and co-star. The",
"title": "Tangi Miller"
},
{
"id": "17279787",
"text": "Dove Cameron Dove Cameron (born Chloe Celeste Hosterman; January 15, 1996) is an American actress and singer, known for playing a dual role as the eponymous characters in the Disney Channel teen sitcom \"Liv and Maddie\" (2013–2017) and playing Mal, in the films \"Descendants\" (2015), the sequel \"Descendants 2\" (2017), and the third installment \"Descendants 3\" (2019). Subsequently, she had a recurring role as Ruby in the ABC television series \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\" (2018). Dove Cameron was born in Seattle, Washington as Chloe Celeste Hosterman. She is the daughter of Philip Alan Hosterman and Bonnie Wallace, who later divorced, and",
"title": "Dove Cameron"
},
{
"id": "17295887",
"text": "the town that were not in the original agreement, knowing that the company would have no choice but to oblige considering the repercussions if they were to back out). Bailey sings \"Mary, Did You Know\", with his parents cheering him on. Lacey also reveals to Oliver that she is married to Connor as the jubilee commences. The soundtrack for the film was released in stores by Motown Records November 25. This was the first soundtrack to a Tyler Perry film since 2010's \"For Colored Girls\" and the first Madea soundtrack since 2006's \"Madea's Family Reunion\" and 2008's \"Meet the Browns\".",
"title": "A Madea Christmas (film)"
},
{
"id": "5033085",
"text": "Aunt Bee Aunt Bee is a fictional character from the 1960 American television sitcom \"The Andy Griffith Show\". Played by Frances Bavier, the character migrated to the spinoff \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" (1968–1971) when \"The Andy Griffith Show\" ended its run in 1968, and remained for two years. Though she was the aunt of Sheriff Andy Taylor, virtually every character in Mayberry called her \"Aunt Bee\". Aunt Bee, full name Beatrice Taylor, is the paternal aunt of widower Sheriff Andy Taylor and great-aunt to his son Opie Taylor. In the premiere episode of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", \"The New Housekeeper,\" Aunt Bee",
"title": "Aunt Bee"
},
{
"id": "2607934",
"text": "independent comedy \"Slap Her... She's French\", which was shelved in North America for two years, then released under the new title \"She Gets What She Wants\". The film was released under its original title in Europe. She had a role as the eldest Baker child, Nora, in \"Cheaper by the Dozen\" (2003), a role she reprised in the film's 2005 sequel. Her other films include \"The I Inside\" (2003), \"Perfect Opposites\" (2004), \"George and the Dragon\" (2004), \"The Cave\" (2005), \"Imagine Me & You\" (2005), \"Edison\" (2005), \"The Prestige\" (2006), and \"Beverly Hills Chihuahua\" (2008). She appeared as a nutritionist",
"title": "Piper Perabo"
},
{
"id": "5914207",
"text": "take in a troubled foster child named Nikki (Keke Palmer) in order to avoid jail. At first, Madea and Nikki clash due to the latter's bad attitude and disrespect, stemming from her poor life up to this point, including an absent father, a mother in jail, and a slew of uncaring foster homes. However, Madea tells her that the only way to really overcome her poor life is to work to do and be better than the people who have let and put her down. Nikki takes Madea's words to heart and gradually reforms her behavior over the course of",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion"
},
{
"id": "8311713",
"text": "the husband of Tamela Mann. Mann has been married for 30 years. Mann and his wife Tamela were members of Kirk Franklin's vocal ensemble \"The Family\" before working with Tyler Perry. David Mann (actor) David Anthony Mann Sr. (born August 7, 1966) is an American stage actor, gospel singer, and stand up-comedian who has starred in many Tyler Perry plays, including \"I Can Do Bad All By Myself\", \"Madea's Family Reunion,\" \"Madea's Class Reunion\", \"Meet the Browns\", and \"What's Done in the Dark\". His character Mr. Brown is the father of Madea's daughter Cora (wife - Tamela Mann). Mann also",
"title": "David Mann (actor)"
},
{
"id": "8311712",
"text": "David Mann (actor) David Anthony Mann Sr. (born August 7, 1966) is an American stage actor, gospel singer, and stand up-comedian who has starred in many Tyler Perry plays, including \"I Can Do Bad All By Myself\", \"Madea's Family Reunion,\" \"Madea's Class Reunion\", \"Meet the Browns\", and \"What's Done in the Dark\". His character Mr. Brown is the father of Madea's daughter Cora (wife - Tamela Mann). Mann also reprised his role as the character in the movies \"Tyler Perry's Meet the Browns\" and \"Tyler Perry's Madea Goes to Jail\". Mann was born in Forth Worth, Texas, USA He is",
"title": "David Mann (actor)"
},
{
"id": "2241900",
"text": "the star's personal belongings and in turn decorated the restaurant with them), opened in the Washington Heights section of the New York City borough of Manhattan. However, after less than a year in business, the cafe closed in November 2017. Rue McClanahan Eddi-Rue McClanahan (February 21, 1934 – June 3, 2010) was an American actress best known for her roles on television as Vivian Harmon on \"Maude\" (1972–78), Aunt Fran Crowley on \"Mama's Family\" (1983–84), and Blanche Devereaux on \"The Golden Girls\" (1985–92), for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 1987.",
"title": "Rue McClanahan"
},
{
"id": "10326590",
"text": "The Facts of Life Reunion The Facts of Life Reunion is a 2001 American made-for-television comedy film based on the 1979–1988 NBC sitcom \"The Facts of Life\" which reunited original cast members Charlotte Rae, Lisa Whelchel, Mindy Cohn and Kim Fields, with the exception of Nancy McKeon, who was unable to participate due to scheduling conflicts with her then-starring role in the television series \"The Division\". The film originally aired on ABC as part of \"The Wonderful World of Disney\" on Sunday, November 18, 2001. It is the third television film based on the series following \"The Facts of Life",
"title": "The Facts of Life Reunion"
},
{
"id": "19327485",
"text": "Treasure of Ruby Hills Treasure of Ruby Hills is a 1955 American black-and-white western film directed by Frank McDonald and starring Zachary Scott, Carole Mathews, Barton MacLane, Dick Foran, and Lola Albright. The film is based on the story \"The Rider of the Ruby Hills\" by Louis L'Amour. He wrote the story under the pen-name Jim Mayo; the story was later expanded as the novel \"Where the Long Grass Blows\" in 1976. Cattle ranchers Chalk Reynolds (Barton MacLane) and Walt Payne (Charles Fredericks) ousted many small ranchers from the government-owned range in the Ruby Hills country. Now they have to",
"title": "Treasure of Ruby Hills"
},
{
"id": "1716613",
"text": "Actress. Tomei has appeared in a number of successful movies, including \"What Women Want\" (2000), \"Anger Management\" (2003), \"Wild Hogs\" (2007), and \"Parental Guidance\" (2012). Other films, include \"Untamed Heart\" (1993), \"Only You\" (1994), \"The Paper\" (1994), \"Unhook the Stars\" (1996), \"Slums of Beverly Hills\" (1998), \"Before the Devil Knows You're Dead\" (2007), \"Cyrus\" (2010), \"Love Is Strange\" (2014) and \"The Big Short\" (2015). She received two additional Academy Award nominations for \"In the Bedroom\" (2001) and \"The Wrestler\" (2008). She has also portrayed Aunt May in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in the films \"\" (2016), \"\" (2017) and",
"title": "Marisa Tomei"
},
{
"id": "7359707",
"text": "Meghan Ory Meghan Ory (born August 20, 1982) is a Canadian television and film actress. She is best known for her role as Red Riding Hood/Ruby on the ABC fantasy series \"Once Upon a Time\" and also starred in the short-lived CBS drama \"Intelligence\" as Riley Neal. Ory currently stars in the Hallmark family drama \"Chesapeake Shores\" as Abby O'Brien. Ory was born in Victoria, British Columbia, and attended Royal Oak Middle School and then Claremont Secondary School. After receiving the Fine Arts Award for Acting from Royal Oak in 1996, she began pursuing a career in acting. Her first",
"title": "Meghan Ory"
},
{
"id": "9364572",
"text": "Laura Esterman Laura Esterman (born April 12, 1945) is an American actress known for portraying Ruby the Galactic Gumshoe in contemporary radio dramas and for her Drama Desk Award and Obie Award winning performance in the 1992 original stage production of Scott McPherson's \"Marvin's Room\". Esterman was born in New York City, New York, the daughter of Sophie (née Milgram) and Benjamin Esterman, a doctor. She made her Broadway debut in the 1969 revival of \"The Time of Your Life\". Her other Broadway credits include \"The Waltz of the Toreadors\", \"God's Favorite\", \"Teibele and Her Demon\", \"The Suicide\", \"Metamorphosis\" and",
"title": "Laura Esterman"
},
{
"id": "11908654",
"text": "The Eve Arden Show The Eve Arden Show is a 26-episode American sitcom which aired during the 1957-1958 season on CBS, alternately sponsored by Lever Brothers and Shulton, Inc. (Old Spice). The show, starring Eve Arden, is about a widowed mother, Liza Hammond, of twin daughters who earns money from writing books. It features actress Frances Bavier, the future Aunt Bee of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", as Nora, Arden's mother and housekeeper. In eight of the twenty-six episodes, Allyn Joslyn portrays George Howell, her agent and potential boyfriend. The series was produced for Arden's Westhaven Enterprises by Desilu. The show",
"title": "The Eve Arden Show"
},
{
"id": "11908658",
"text": "The Eve Arden Show The Eve Arden Show is a 26-episode American sitcom which aired during the 1957-1958 season on CBS, alternately sponsored by Lever Brothers and Shulton, Inc. (Old Spice). The show, starring Eve Arden, is about a widowed mother, Liza Hammond, of twin daughters who earns money from writing books. It features actress Frances Bavier, the future Aunt Bee of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", as Nora, Arden's mother and housekeeper. In eight of the twenty-six episodes, Allyn Joslyn portrays George Howell, her agent and potential boyfriend. The series was produced for Arden's Westhaven Enterprises by Desilu. The show",
"title": "The Eve Arden Show"
},
{
"id": "13363960",
"text": "Ramona and Beezus Ramona and Beezus is a 2010 American family adventure comedy film adaptation based on the Ramona series of novels written by Beverly Cleary. It was directed by Elizabeth Allen, co-produced by Dune Entertainment, Di Novi Pictures, and Walden Media, written by Laurie Craig and Nick Pustay, and produced by Denise Di Novi and Alison Greenspan with music by Mark Mothersbaugh. The film stars Joey King, Selena Gomez, Hutch Dano, Ginnifer Goodwin, John Corbett, Bridget Moynahan, Josh Duhamel, Jason Spevack, Sandra Oh, Sierra McCormick, Patti Allan, Lynda Boyd, and Aila and Zanti McCubbing. Though the film's title is",
"title": "Ramona and Beezus"
},
{
"id": "15115113",
"text": "Blu-ray on August 30, 2011. The DVD features four featurettes: \"\"By-reen: The Baby Mama from Hell\"\", \"\"Ties That Bind\"\", \"\"Madea's Family Tree\"\", and \"\"Brown Calls Maury\"\". The Blu-ray contains these features including a digital copy. Madea's Big Happy Family (film) Tyler Perry's Madea's Big Happy Family is a 2011 comedy-drama film based on Tyler Perry's 2010 play of the same name and the 11th film in the Tyler Perry film franchise, and the sixth in the \"Madea\" franchise. Shirley (Loretta Devine), goes to visit Dr. Evans (Philip Anthony-Rodriguez) with family friend, Aunt Bam (Cassi Davis) about her cancer and finds",
"title": "Madea's Big Happy Family (film)"
},
{
"id": "2996636",
"text": "by David Steinberg. She received her sixth Emmy nomination, as Outstanding Guest Performer in a Drama Series, for the role. The same year she was the female recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award in Comedy at the second annual American Comedy Awards, alongside male recipient George Burns. Coca appeared only sporadically in films such as \"The Incredible Incident at Independence Square\", filmed in her hometown of Philadelphia, as well as \"Under the Yum Yum Tree\" (1963), \"Nothing Lasts Forever\", \"Papa Was a Preacher\", \"Buy & Cell\" and \"National Lampoon's Vacation\" (1983), as \"Aunt Edna\". After having appeared in several Broadway",
"title": "Imogene Coca"
},
{
"id": "5429492",
"text": "starring roles in films, include performances in \"A Thin Line Between Love and Hate\" (1996), \"Gone Fishin'\" (1997), \"Eve's Bayou\" (1997), \"Stepmom\" (1998), \"Head of State\" (2003), \"Madea's Family Reunion\" (2006) and \"The Women\" (2008). Whitfield also starred in a number of smaller movies in the 2000s and 2010s. In 2016, she began starring as villainous Lady Mae Greenleaf in the Oprah Winfrey Network drama series, \"Greenleaf\". Whitfield has won five NAACP Image Awards. Whitfield was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, the daughter of Jean (née Butler)who is African-American, an officer of a finance agency, and Valerian Smith -who is",
"title": "Lynn Whitfield"
},
{
"id": "4517779",
"text": "mother in box-office hit \"Think Like a Man\" (2012), and in its sequel \"Think Like a Man Too\" (2014). In 2013, she played Paula Patton's mother \"Baggage Claim\". In 2015, she starred in \"The Wedding Ringer\". In 2014, Lewis was cast as Ruby Johnson, Anthony Anderson's character's mother in the ABC comedy series, \"Black-ish\". She was upped to regular as of second season. In 2016, she received Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Guest Performer in a Comedy Series nomination for her performance. She has also been featured on various TV advertising commercials. In 2017, she published a book about",
"title": "Jenifer Lewis"
},
{
"id": "5914213",
"text": "choices she'd made. She then turns on a horrified Lisa, demanding that Lisa begin taking care of her financially as she made sure that Lisa had the best of everything while she was growing up. Vanessa then derides Victoria for constantly controlling her and Lisa as her punching bag and puppet respectively, and how it has left her a mess; she vows not to let the pain and suffering her mother has subjected her to over the years hold her back any longer, and to break their family's tragic cycle by embracing the true love that she has found with",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion"
},
{
"id": "15526904",
"text": "Lilian forces Margaret to work on Christmas instead of celebrating with her family. So China secretly invites the whole disreputable brood: Madea (Tyler Perry), Aunt Bam (Cassi Davis), and grown children Lucy (Alexis Jones), George (Jeffery Lewis), and Eric (Tony Grant). China was once in love with Eric; his reappearance lets her rethink her relationship with Bobby. Jackson Mississippi January 4 Brooklyn New York December 5 New Orleans Louisiana This play was released to stores (and online) on November 22, 2011. The film \"Tyler Perry's A Madea Christmas\" was released in theaters on December 13, 2013. However, the film version",
"title": "A Madea Christmas (musical play)"
},
{
"id": "2126006",
"text": "Main Street. Most of the surviving cast members of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" reprised their roles in the reunion movie. One notable exception was Frances Bavier, who played Aunt Bee for all eight seasons as well as two seasons of \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" Bavier had retired shortly after leaving \"R.F.D.\" in 1970. Her absence was explained by a scene in which Andy visits the cemetery where Aunt Bee is buried, confirming that Aunt Bee is deceased. (The official reason given for Bavier's absence was poor health. Bavier reportedly was also reclusive and ambivalent about coming out of retirement, but she did",
"title": "Return to Mayberry"
},
{
"id": "11256999",
"text": "bears her family's name, falls prey to dishonest relatives colluding with corrupt shopping mall developers. She returns in an effort to halt construction on the project and, armed with the moral integrity she has instilled in her students for the past five decades, she manages to resolve the situation in time for the annual Founder's Day festivities. Family Reunion (film) Family Reunion is a 1981 four-hour American made-for-television drama film directed by Fielder Cook. The teleplay by Allan Sloane was based on the \"Good Housekeeping\" article \"How America Lives\" by Joe Sparton. It was produced by Columbia Pictures Television for",
"title": "Family Reunion (film)"
},
{
"id": "7359709",
"text": "movies, \"Lucky 7\" and \"National Lampoon's Thanksgiving Family Reunion\" in 2003, as well as the TV series \"Smallville\", \"Life As We Know It\", and \"The Collector\", and \"Family Reunion\" in 2004. Also in 2004, Ory made her feature film debut in \"Decoys\", directed by Matthew Hastings, whom she had previously worked with on \"Higher Ground\" and \"Vampire High\". In 2006, Ory appeared in UPN series \"South Beach\", and the Hallmark mini-series \"Merlin's Apprentice\", alongside Sam Neill and Miranda Richardson. She also appeared in the feature film \"John Tucker Must Die\" and the made-for-TV film \"Her Sister's Keeper\". In 2007, Ory",
"title": "Meghan Ory"
},
{
"id": "17295888",
"text": "It featured Smokey Robinson, Mariah Carey, Brian McKnight, James Brown, KEM, Boyz II Men, Kelly Rowland, Jeremih, Stevie Wonder, Jackson 5, Pearl Bailey, Ashanti, Mprynt & Kevin Ross. \"A Madea Christmas\" was panned by critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 20% rating, based on 35 reviews, with the consensus: \"It boasts a few laughs, but overall, Tyler Perry's \"A Madea Christmas\" ranks among Perry's least entertaining or substantive works.\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 28 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\". \"A Madea Christmas\" was released on Blu-ray and DVD",
"title": "A Madea Christmas (film)"
},
{
"id": "773958",
"text": "sitcom, \"Happy\" starring Ronnie Burns, and \"Glynis\", starring Glynis Johns and Keith Andes, which aired for 13 weeks in the fall of 1963. Albertson appeared in two episodes of \"The Twilight Zone\". In a 1967 episode of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", he played the ne'er-do-well cousin, Bradford J. Taylor, of series character Aunt Bee (Frances Bavier). He co-starred as \"The Man\" Ed Brown in \"Chico and the Man\", with Freddie Prinze, for which he earned an Emmy. He resided for many years in West Hollywood, California. In 1978, he was diagnosed with colorectal cancer, but kept this information private and",
"title": "Jack Albertson"
},
{
"id": "6342890",
"text": "was voiced by Frances Conroy in the direct-to-video animated film \"Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz\". Conroy also voiced Glinda. Aunt Em appears in the \"Once Upon a Time\" episode \"Ruby Slippers\" portrayed by Gina Stockdale. Her being the aunt of Dorothy Gale is still intact with this show, but in this version, she, along with Dorothy, is from a fictional version Kansas and not from Earth (dubbed the Land Without Magic in the show). After Dorothy returns from her trip to Oz, Dorothy tells her family about her trip. While the rest of the family refuses to",
"title": "Aunt Em"
},
{
"id": "498228",
"text": "film role. She also had a recurring role on the 1970s sitcom \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" as Mary's Aunt Flo Meredith, a famous woman reporter, which she repeated on the subsequent spin-off series, \"Lou Grant\". In addition to her Academy Award, she also won two Emmy Awards for \"Save Me a Place at Forest Lawn\" and \"Love & War\", and a Golden Globe Award for \"The Bad Seed\". She also received a special Tony Award for lifetime achievement in 2000, and has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She made her final acting appearance in 2000 at",
"title": "Eileen Heckart"
},
{
"id": "4810553",
"text": "beside Hussein Fatal and Papoose on the track \"Dumpin'\". On December 7, 2006, Thomas earned a Grammy Award nomination, along with Chaka Khan, Yolanda Adams, and the late Gerald Levert, for \"Everyday (Family Reunion)\", a song from the soundtrack of Tyler Perry's \"Madea's Family Reunion\". The song received a nomination for Best R&B Performance by a Duo Or Group With Vocals. His third album, \"So Much Better\", was released May 30, 2007, and reached number 25 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. His last contract was with Verve Music Group. Thomas' last album entitled \"Conquer\" was released on December 6, 2011.",
"title": "Carl Thomas (singer)"
},
{
"id": "15115100",
"text": "Madea's Big Happy Family (film) Tyler Perry's Madea's Big Happy Family is a 2011 comedy-drama film based on Tyler Perry's 2010 play of the same name and the 11th film in the Tyler Perry film franchise, and the sixth in the \"Madea\" franchise. Shirley (Loretta Devine), goes to visit Dr. Evans (Philip Anthony-Rodriguez) with family friend, Aunt Bam (Cassi Davis) about her cancer and finds out that it has gotten worse, and that she may only have a few months to live. She asks Aunt Bam to call her children so she can tell them. Cora and Mr. Brown (David",
"title": "Madea's Big Happy Family (film)"
},
{
"id": "9193978",
"text": "Dana Ivey Dana Robins Ivey (born August 12, 1941) is an American actress. She is a five-time Tony Award nominee for her work on Broadway, and won the 1997 Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play for her work in both \"Sex and Longing\" and \"The Last Night of Ballyhoo\". Her film appearances include \"The Color Purple\" (1985), \"Dirty Rotten Scoundrels\" (1988), \"The Addams Family\" (1991), \"Two Weeks Notice\" (2002), \"Rush Hour 3\" (2007) and \"The Help\" (2011). Ivey was born in Atlanta, Georgia. Her mother, Mary Nell Ivey Santacroce (née McKoin), was a teacher, speech therapist,",
"title": "Dana Ivey"
},
{
"id": "7359712",
"text": "was cancelled after one season due to poor ratings. In the 2016 Hallmark original series \"Chesapeake Shores\", she stars as a divorced career woman with two young daughters who returns to her hometown. In 2008, she married John Reardon, with whom she worked on \"Merlin's Apprentice\". In May 2018, Ory announced that they had welcomed their first child. Meghan Ory Meghan Ory (born August 20, 1982) is a Canadian television and film actress. She is best known for her role as Red Riding Hood/Ruby on the ABC fantasy series \"Once Upon a Time\" and also starred in the short-lived CBS",
"title": "Meghan Ory"
},
{
"id": "5914341",
"text": "abusive husband (D'Wayne Gardner), and reconcile with her tired elderly mother Emma (Chandra Currelly-Young) who was fired by the evil manager of the Pandora, Anne (Chantel Christopher), who is having an affair with her son's father (Anselmo Gordon) who is married to Cora's friend Diana (Judy Peterson), who is too reliant on her man. While all of this takes place Madea enters with her usual flair and quickly cuts through all the lies and secrets and forces everyone to see their situations in a new light giving aid and advice to all. They save the Jeffrey's marriage through the timely",
"title": "Madea's Class Reunion"
},
{
"id": "17675840",
"text": "album debuted at number sixty-three and sat ten weeks on the Top R&B Albums chart. Hicks later scored roles in Tyler Perry's stage plays including \"Madea's Family Reunion\", \"What's Done in the Dark\". Hicks is the older sister of actress and singer Taral Hicks and has never been married. Hicks has one child, Diamond Grant and was never married to actor Loren Harper. Hicks has appeared on \"Divorce Court\" twice, once in September 2010 which was a fictitious comedy sketch acting scene arranged for TV for the launch of the Divorce Court series in February 2017. All participants were professional",
"title": "D'atra Hicks"
},
{
"id": "1716630",
"text": "to Tuscany and to the island of Elba to uncover the truth about the 100-year-old murder of her great-grandfather, Francesco Leopoldo Bianchi. In 2018, Tomei played the role of Dr. May Updale in \"The First Purge\". She portrays Aunt May in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in \"\" (2016), and \"\" (2017). She is set to reprise her role in \"Spider-Man: Far From Home\" (2019). Between 2008 and 2012, Tomei had a relationship with actor Logan Marshall-Green. They were rumored to be engaged, but a representative for Tomei denied this. Tomei said in 2009, \"I'm not that big a fan",
"title": "Marisa Tomei"
},
{
"id": "784815",
"text": "one of the few classic radio comedies to completely re-invent itself and regain major fame. The supporting cast during this phase included Mel Blanc as the melancholy, ironically named \"Happy Postman\" (his catchphrase was \"Remember, keep smiling!\"); Bea Benaderet (later Cousin Pearl in \"The Beverly Hillbillies\", Kate Bradley in \"Petticoat Junction\" and the voice of Betty Rubble in \"The Flintstones\") and Hal March (later more famous as the host of \"The $64,000 Question\") as neighbors Blanche and Harry Morton; and the various members of Gracie's ladies' club, the Beverly Hills Uplift Society. One running gag during this period, stretching into",
"title": "George Burns"
},
{
"id": "6993526",
"text": "Genevieve Cortese Genevieve Nicole Cortese, also known as Genevieve Padalecki (born January 8, 1981), is an American actress. She appeared in the television series \"Wildfire\" as Kris Furillo and had a recurring role in \"Supernatural\" as the demon Ruby. Cortese was born in San Francisco, California. She has two brothers, Johnny and Ben, and a sister, Sarah. At the age of 13, she moved to Montana, and later to Sun Valley, Idaho. She holds a BA in English and a BFA degree in drama from the Tisch School of the Arts, New York University. Before making her television debut as",
"title": "Genevieve Cortese"
},
{
"id": "4529228",
"text": "Tina Yothers Kristina Louise Yothers (born May 5, 1973) is an American actress and singer. Beginning a career as a child actor at the age of three, she is best known for her role as Jennifer Keaton on the hit NBC series \"Family Ties\", as well as for her roles in numerous television films throughout the 1980s and early 1990s including \"The Cherokee Trail\", \"Crash Course\", and \"Spunk: The Tonya Harding Story\" among others. Yothers was born in Whittier, California, but spent half of the year in Flint, Michigan. Her father, Robert Yothers, was a television producer. She has three",
"title": "Tina Yothers"
},
{
"id": "12701450",
"text": "is secretly beating her, and Lisa's ex-boyfriend and first love, A.J., Madea's mechanic, is going to do something about it. While Lisa is trying to cover up her bruises, her sister Tina is getting into more trouble: neglecting her baby, trying to seduce her cousin Jackie's husband Kevin, and stealing drug money from her mother, Cora. Madea's granddaughter Jackie and her ex-con unemployed husband Kevin live with Madea, and Jackie finds out she is pregnant and might have a miscarriage. When she goes to tell Kevin the news, she finds her cousin Tina trying to seduce him. Although she's upset",
"title": "Madea's Family Reunion (play)"
},
{
"id": "13031119",
"text": "in the sitcom \"Leave It to Beaver\". Madge Blake, a peripheral figure in \"Leave It to Beaver\" as well as the Walter Brennan series \"The Real McCoys\", also guest starred on \"City Detective\". Andy Clyde, who played Madge Blake's brother on \"The Real McCoys\", appeared as Pop in the 1955 episode \"Desert Ice\". Doris Packer of \"Leave It to Beaver\" and \"The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis\" appeared as Florence in the episode \"Sixteen Vertical\". Frances Bavier, later \"Aunt Bee\" on CBS's \"The Andy Griffith Show\", appeared three times on \"City Detective\". Lloyd Corrigan, a co-star of the future NBC",
"title": "City Detective"
},
{
"id": "4970340",
"text": "merchandise\", and \"the 300 live shows he produces each year are attended by an average of 35,000 people a week\". Perry raised a US $5.5 million budget in part from the ticket sales of his stage productions to fund his first movie, \"Diary of a Mad Black Woman\", which went on to gross US$50.6 million domestically, while scoring a 16% approval rating at the film review web site \"Rotten Tomatoes\". On its opening weekend, February 24–26, 2006, Perry's film version of \"Madea's Family Reunion\" opened at number one at the box office with $30.3 million. The film eventually grossed $65",
"title": "Tyler Perry"
},
{
"id": "6921896",
"text": "the morbid but basically good Addams clan\". The producers wanted to bridge the gap in continuity between the Paramount films and the new series, and reached out to Anjelica Huston and Christopher Lloyd to reprise their roles as Morticia Addams and Uncle Fester, but both declined. Director Dave Payne, however, denies that Huston and Lloyd were considered for the film's casting. Christina Ricci and Jimmy Workman were too old to reprise their roles as Wednesday and Pugsley Addams. The only actors to reprise their roles from the Paramount films were Carel Struycken as Lurch, and Christopher Hart as Thing. Recast",
"title": "Addams Family Reunion"
},
{
"id": "8522002",
"text": "Lauren Frost Lauren Frost (born May 25, 1985) is an American actress and singer who is best known for her recurring role as Ruby Mendel in the hit Disney Channel Original Series \"Even Stevens\" and the follow-up Disney Channel Original Movie \"The Even Stevens Movie\". She attended Downers Grove South High School for her freshman year before moving to California. She co-starred in the Disney Channel original series \"Even Stevens\" as Ren's best friend Ruby, from 2001 - 2003. She also co-starred in the follow-up film \"The Even Stevens Movie\". She also is the star of a TV series called",
"title": "Lauren Frost"
},
{
"id": "1807931",
"text": "\"The Doctors\" to talk about osteoporosis and her Rally With Sally Foundation. She portrayed Aunt May in the Marvel Comics films \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" (2012) as well as the 2014 sequel. Field's widely praised portrayal of Mary Todd Lincoln in Steven Spielberg's film \"Lincoln\" brought her Best Supporting Actress Award nominations at the Oscars, Golden Globes, BAFTA, and Screen Actors Guild. On May 5, 2014, Field received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her contributions to motion pictures. Her star is located in front of the Hollywood Wax Museum. In January 2015, it was announced that she",
"title": "Sally Field"
},
{
"id": "14822693",
"text": "2000 Van had developed Parkinson's disease and was homebound. Van died in her Los Angeles home on May 16, 2002, at the age of 74. She was buried in Greenview Memorial Gardens in East Moline, Illinois. Dorothy Van Dorothy Van (January 10, 1928 - May 16, 2002) was an American stage and TV actress who is best remembered for her comedic role as Aunt Effie Harper on the 1980s situation comedy \"Mama's Family\". She was born Dorothy Helene Vanberryl in Moline, Illinois, to Elmer J. Vanberryl, a German post office worker, and Emeline Franks Vanberryl. As a child she spent",
"title": "Dorothy Van"
},
{
"id": "4602770",
"text": "Diary of a Mad Black Woman Tyler Perry's Diary of a Mad Black Woman is a 2005 romantic comedy-drama film written by and starring Tyler Perry, which was inspired by the play of the same name. It is Perry's debut feature film, and the first entry in the Tyler Perry film franchise. Directed by Darren Grant, the film was released in the US on February 25, 2005. It is the only Tyler Perry scripted film not directed by Perry himself. The sequel, \"Madea's Family Reunion\", was released on February 25, 2006. Helen (Kimberly Elise) and Charles McCarter (Steve Harris) have",
"title": "Diary of a Mad Black Woman"
},
{
"id": "4297305",
"text": "Ruby Dee Ruby Dee (born Ruby Ann Wallace, October 27, 1922 – June 11, 2014) was an American actress, poet, playwright, screenwriter, journalist, and civil rights activist. She is perhaps best known for originating the role of \"Ruth Younger\" in the stage and film versions of \"A Raisin in the Sun\" (1961). Her other notable film roles include \"The Jackie Robinson Story\" (1950) and \"Do the Right Thing\" (1989). For her performance as Mahalee Lucas in \"American Gangster\" (2007), Dee was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Female Actor",
"title": "Ruby Dee"
},
{
"id": "16798188",
"text": "how to maximize our bang for our buck. The biggest key is time. If we can figure out our stories far enough in advance, the more time our effects team and department heads will have.\" First season recurring actresses Emilie de Ravin (Belle) and Meghan Ory (Red Riding Hood/Ruby) became members of this season's main cast. Two additional actresses who joined the recurring cast were Sarah Bolger as Aurora and Jamie Chung as Mulan, who both made their debuts during this episode. On its first broadcast, \"Broken\" was watched by an estimated 11.36 million viewers, placing second in its timeslot",
"title": "Broken (Once Upon a Time)"
},
{
"id": "4517776",
"text": "theme song for \"Strong Medicine\". She also had a recurring role as Veretta Childs (Toni's mother) in the UPN sitcom \"Girlfriends\". In film, she appeared as Morris Chestnut's mother in the 2001 romantic comedy \"The Brothers\". In 2006, she had a featured role as the wedding planner in Tyler Perry's \"Madea's Family Reunion\", and also appeared in Perry's 2008 comedy-drama \"Meet the Browns\" as Vera Brown. She also appeared in \"Juwanna Mann\", \"The Cookout\", \"Nora's Hair Salon\", \"Dirty Laundry\" and \"Not Easily Broken\". On April 22, 2008, Lewis replaced Darlene Love as Motormouth Maybelle in Broadway's \"Hairspray\". On television, she",
"title": "Jenifer Lewis"
},
{
"id": "15002701",
"text": "Madea's Big Happy Family Madea's Big Happy Family is a 2010 American musical play created, written, produced, and directed by Tyler Perry. It stars Tyler Perry as Mabel \"Madea\" Simmons, Cassi Davis as Aunt Bam, Palmer Williams, Jr. as Uncle Monroe, and Chandra Currelley-Young as Shirley. Perry began writing \"\"Big Happy Family\"\" after the death of his mother in December 2009. The main character of Shirley is based on her. Shirley (Chandra Currelley), accompanied by Aunt Bam (Cassi Davis), visits Dr. Frank Wallace (Omarr Dixon). Dr. Wallace tells Shirley that her cancer is active and she might have 4–6 weeks",
"title": "Madea's Big Happy Family"
},
{
"id": "12332802",
"text": "Perry productions such as \"Madea's Family Reunion\", \"Madea Goes to Jail\", \"Daddy's Little Girls\", and Tyler Perry's House of Payne. Davis attended Spelman College in Atlanta and majored in music. She left the college one credit short of graduation, because she was not allowed to perform religious music during her senior recital. Davis returned to Spelman in 2008 to complete her degree, graduating in November of that year. She has credited her devout, born-again Christian faith as the main reason behind her professional success. Cassi Davis Cassandra Davis Patton (born July 30, 1964) is an American actress and singer who",
"title": "Cassi Davis"
},
{
"id": "1584654",
"text": "Marie\" show. In an homage to his show, he mentioned the planet Sanford, which has no sun. Foxx made a comeback with the series \"The Royal Family\", in which he co-starred with Della Reese. Redd Foxx was married four times. His first marriage was to Evelyn Killebrew in 1948 and ended in divorce in 1951. His second marriage in 1956 was to Betty Jean Harris, a showgirl and dancer, who was a colleague of LaWanda Page (later to be Foxx's TV rival Aunt Esther on \"Sanford and Son\"). Foxx adopted Harris's nine-year-old daughter Debraca, who assumed the surname \"Foxx\". This",
"title": "Redd Foxx"
},
{
"id": "19451067",
"text": "Norma Connolly Norma Connolly (August 27, 1927 – November 18, 1998) was an American actress having a career spanning five decades and known for her roles on \"The Young Marrieds\" as Lena Karr Gilroy and \"General Hospital\" as Ruby Anderson. Connolly was born on August 27, 1927 in Boston, Massachusetts to Beulah and Archie Connolly, where her father owned a lumber business. She graduated from Brandeis University in 1958. Connolly studied acting with Morris Carnovsky at the Leland Powers School of Drama, with both Harold Clurman and Stella Adler at Actors Studio, and at the Cushing Academy. Connolly started her",
"title": "Norma Connolly"
},
{
"id": "3849148",
"text": "in the Lifetime comedy-drama pilot \"Drop Dead Diva\", but later was replaced by Kate Levering. In 2011, she starred in the independent film \"The Inheritance\". In 2012, Brooks joined the cast of \"Hart of Dixie\" in season 2 playing Ruby Jeffries, Mayor Lavon Hayes' ex-girlfriend from high school, who runs against him for mayor. In 2014, Brooks stars as one of five leads on the TV One reality series, \"Hollywood Divas\". In 2015, Brooks was cast in a recurring role of Patrick Stewart's lead character's ex-wife in the Starz comedy series, \"Blunt Talk\". In 2016, she was cast in a",
"title": "Golden Brooks"
},
{
"id": "9364574",
"text": "film. Her television credits include \"Remington Steele\", \"St. Elsewhere\", \"The Facts of Life\", \"L.A. Law\", \"Family Ties\", \"Law & Order\", \"Third Watch\" and \"\" among others. Her movie credits include \"Alone in the Dark\", \"Ironweed\", \"Awakenings\", \"The Doors\", \"Addams Family Values\", \"The Confession\" and \"Arranged\" among others. Laura Esterman Laura Esterman (born April 12, 1945) is an American actress known for portraying Ruby the Galactic Gumshoe in contemporary radio dramas and for her Drama Desk Award and Obie Award winning performance in the 1992 original stage production of Scott McPherson's \"Marvin's Room\". Esterman was born in New York City, New",
"title": "Laura Esterman"
},
{
"id": "11272921",
"text": "Bettina Bush Bettina Nicole Bush (born January 28, 1972), also known professionally as simply Bettina, is an American voice actress, actress and pop music singer. She was born the youngest daughter out of three children. Her father was of African-American descent and her mother was of Scottish, Cherokee, and Polynesian descent. Bettina’s professional career began at age 8 when she began modeling and acting. Her acting career eventually led to voice-overs, including, \"My Little Pony\" (as Megan), \"The Get Along Gang\" (as Dotty Dog), \"The Littles\" (as Lucy Little), \"Rugrats\", \"All Grown Up!\", \"Stargate Infinity\", \"Ben 10\", \"Age of Empires",
"title": "Bettina Bush"
},
{
"id": "15002703",
"text": "start. Byron (Jefferey Lewis) and his girlfriend Rose (Chontelle Moore) arrive, and Aunt Bam tells Rose she wants her $20, which Rose borrowed about a year ago. Rose says it's petty to ask for such a small amount of money back, then reveals that she dropped $900 on eyeshadow and shoes. Madea convinces Aunt Bam to chase after Rose. Kimberly (Támar Davis) arrives demanding to know why her sisters summoned her to the house, but they don't know themselves. When Donnie (Zuri Craig) comes, he tries to kiss Aunt Bam and Madea, who warns him that she got H1N1 from",
"title": "Madea's Big Happy Family"
}
] | who played aunt ruby in madea's family reunion |
[
"Apostle Matthew",
"Mark the Evangelist",
"John the Apostle",
"Luke the Evangelist"
] | [
{
"id": "302089",
"text": "the New Testament before 70 AD. Others give a final date of 80 AD, or at 96 AD. Collections of related texts such as letters of the Apostle Paul (a major collection of which must have been made already by the early 2nd century) and the Canonical Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John (asserted by Irenaeus of Lyon in the late-2nd century as \"the\" Four Gospels) gradually were joined to other collections and single works in different combinations to form various Christian canons of Scripture. Over time, some disputed books, such as the Book of Revelation and the Minor",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302088",
"text": "same list first. These councils also provided the canon of the Old Testament, which included the so-called apocryphal books . The original texts were written in the first century of the Christian Era, in Greek, which was the common language of the Eastern Mediterranean from the conquests of Alexander the Great (335–323 BC) until the Muslim conquests in the 7th century AD. All the works that eventually became incorporated into the New Testament are believed to have been written no later than around 120 AD. John A. T. Robinson, Dan Wallace, and William F. Albright dated all the books of",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302129",
"text": "hypotheses put forth in the last hundred years or so. Ben Witherington points out that linguistic evidence makes it unlikely that the books were written by the same person. The earliest works that became part of the New Testament are the letters of the Apostle Paul. The earliest of the books of the New Testament was First Thessalonians, an epistle of Paul, written probably in 51, or possibly Galatians in 49 according to one of two theories of its writing. In the 1830s German scholars of the Tübingen school tried to date the books as late as the 3rd century,",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302109",
"text": "Testament appear differs between some collections and ecclesiastical traditions. In the Latin West, prior to the Vulgate (an early 5th-century Latin version of the Bible), the four Gospels were arranged in the following order: Matthew, John, Luke, and Mark. The Syriac Peshitta places the major Catholic epistles (James, 1 Peter, and 1 John) immediately after Acts and before the Pauline epistles. The order of an early edition of the letters of Paul is based on the size of the letters: longest to shortest, though keeping 1 and 2 Corinthians and 1 and 2 Thessalonians together. The Pastoral epistles were apparently",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302086",
"text": "are incorporated (along with readings from the Old Testament) into the various Christian liturgies. The New Testament has influenced religious, philosophical, and political movements in Christendom and left an indelible mark on literature, art, and music. The New Testament is a collection of Christian works written in the common (Koine) Greek language of the first century, at different times by various writers, and the modern consensus is that it provides important evidence regarding Judaism in the first century AD. In almost all Christian traditions today, the New Testament consists of 27 books. The canon or list of the books of",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302108",
"text": "authorship has been attributed either to John the Apostle (in which case it is often thought that John the Apostle is John the Evangelist, i.e. author of the Gospel of John) or to another John designated \"John of Patmos\" after the island where the text says the revelation was received (1:9). Some ascribe the writership date as circa 81–96 AD, and others at around 68 AD. The work opens with letters to seven churches and thereafter takes the form of an apocalypse, a literary genre popular in ancient Judaism and Christianity. The order in which the books of the New",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302124",
"text": "various other issues. All of these letters easily fit into the chronology of Paul's journeys depicted in Acts of the Apostles. The author of the Epistle of James identifies himself in the opening verse as \"James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ\". From the middle of the 3rd century, patristic authors cited the \"Epistle\" as written by James the Just. Ancient and modern scholars have always been divided on the issue of authorship. Many consider the epistle to be written in the late 1st or early 2nd centuries. The author of the First Epistle of Peter",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302106",
"text": "an explicit apostolic pedigree. In the 4th century, Jerome and Augustine of Hippo supported Paul's authorship. The Church largely agreed to include Hebrews as the fourteenth letter of Paul, and affirmed this authorship until the Reformation. The letter to the Hebrews had difficulty in being accepted as part of the Christian canon because of its anonymity. As early as the 3rd century, Origen wrote of the letter, \"Men of old have handed it down as Paul's, but who wrote the Epistle God only knows.\" Contemporary scholars often reject Pauline authorship for the epistle to the Hebrews, based on its distinctive",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "3414388",
"text": "Four Evangelists In Christian tradition, the Four Evangelists are Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, the authors attributed with the creation of the four Gospel accounts in the New Testament that bear the following titles: Gospel according to Matthew; Gospel according to Mark; Gospel according to Luke and Gospel according to John. The gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are known as the Synoptic Gospels, because they include many of the same stories, often in the same sequence. While the periods to which the gospels are usually dated suggest otherwise, convention traditionally holds that the authors were two of the Twelve",
"title": "Four Evangelists"
},
{
"id": "305839",
"text": "– Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, book of Numbers and Deuteronomy – reached their present form in the Persian period (538–332 BC), and their authors were the elite of exilic returnees who controlled the Temple at that time. The books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings follow, forming a history of Israel from the Conquest of Canaan to the Siege of Jerusalem c. 587 BC. There is a broad consensus among scholars that these originated as a single work (the so-called \"Deuteronomistic history\") during the Babylonian exile of the 6th century BC. The two Books of Chronicles cover much the same material",
"title": "Old Testament"
},
{
"id": "1394932",
"text": "from numerous sources in at least five different languages. The entire New Testament (first published in 1526, later revised, 1534 and 1535), the Pentateuch, Jonah and in David Daniell's view, the Book of Joshua, Judges, Ruth, First and Second Samuel, First and Second Kings, and First and Second Chronicles, were the work of William Tyndale. Tyndale worked directly from the Hebrew and Greek, occasionally consulting the Vulgate and Erasmus’s Latin version, and he used Luther's Bible for the prefaces, marginal notes and the biblical text. The use of the pseudonym \"Thomas Matthew\" resulted possibly from the need to conceal from",
"title": "Matthew Bible"
},
{
"id": "302114",
"text": "letter composed under the guise of a presumably lost letter of the Apostle Paul, the Epistle to the Laodiceans. The books of the New Testament were all or nearly all written by Jewish Christians—that is, Jewish disciples of Christ, who lived in the Roman Empire, and under Roman occupation. Luke, who wrote the Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts, is frequently thought of as an exception; scholars are divided as to whether Luke was a Gentile or a Hellenistic Jew. A few scholars identify the author of the Gospel of Mark as probably a Gentile, and similarly for",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302131",
"text": "circulation by the end of the first century. Scholars hold a wide spectrum of views on exactly when the books of the new testament were written, with non-fundamentalist scholars tending to argue for later dates, and more conservative scholars arguing for an earlier one. Most contemporary scholars regard Mark as a source used by Luke (see Marcan priority). If it is true that Mark was written around the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem, around 70, they theorize that Luke would not have been written before 70. Some who take this view believe that Luke's prediction of the destruction of",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "14683688",
"text": "day called that of the sun\" (Sunday) alongside the \"writings of the prophets.\" A defined set of four gospels (the \"Tetramorph\") was asserted by Irenaeus, \"c\". 180, who refers to it directly. By the early 3rd century, Origen may have been using the same twenty-seven books as in the present New Testament canon, though there were still disputes over the acceptance of the Letter to the Hebrews, James, II Peter, II John, III John, Jude and Revelation, known as the Antilegomena. Likewise, the Muratorian fragment is evidence that, perhaps as early as 200, there existed a set of Christian writings",
"title": "Development of the New Testament canon"
},
{
"id": "302102",
"text": "and holy letters, written by the apostles and disciples of Christ, to either local congregations with specific needs, or to New Covenant Christians in general, scattered about; or \"Catholic Epistles.\" The Pauline epistles are the thirteen New Testament books that present Paul the Apostle as their author. Six of the letters are disputed. Four are thought by most modern scholars to be pseudepigraphic, i.e., not actually written by Paul even if attributed to him within the letters themselves. Opinion is more divided on the other two disputed letters (2 Thessalonians and Colossians). These letters were written to Christian communities in",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302142",
"text": "200s, Origen may have been using the same twenty-seven books as in the Catholic New Testament canon, though there were still disputes over the canonicity of the Letter to the Hebrews, Epistle of James, II Peter, II John and III John and the Book of Revelation, known as the Antilegomena. Likewise, the Muratorian fragment is evidence that, perhaps as early as 200, there existed a set of Christian writings somewhat similar to the twenty-seven book NT canon, which included four gospels and argued against objections to them. Thus, while there was a good measure of debate in the Early Church",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302101",
"text": "phraseology, and other evidence, modern scholarship generally concludes that Acts and the Gospel of Luke share the same author, referred to as Luke–Acts. Luke-Acts does not name its author. Church tradition identified him as Luke the Evangelist, the companion of Paul, but the majority of scholars reject this due to the many contradictions between Acts and the authentic Pauline letters. The most probable date of composition is around 80–100 AD, and there is evidence that it was still being substantially revised well into the 2nd century. The epistles of the New Testament are considered by Christians to be divinely inspired",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "3870801",
"text": "lesser extent the Apocalypse of Peter. Considering the generally accepted dates of authorship for all of the canonical New Testament works (ca. 100 CE), as well as the various witnesses to canonicity extant among the writings of Ignatius, Polycarp, Irenaeus, etc., the four gospels and letters of Paul were held by the gentile Christian community as scriptural, and 200 years were needed to finalize the canon; from the beginning of the 2nd Century to the mid-4th Century, no book in the final canon was ever declared spurious or heretical, except for the Revelation of John which the Council of Laodicea",
"title": "New Testament apocrypha"
},
{
"id": "302138",
"text": "Writings attributed to the apostles circulated among the earliest Christian communities and the Pauline epistles were circulating, perhaps in collected forms, by the end of the 1st century AD. One of the earliest attempts at solidifying a canon was made by Marcion, \"circa\" 140 AD, who accepted only a modified version of Luke (the Gospel of Marcion) and ten of Paul's letters, while rejecting the Old Testament entirely. His canon was increasingly rejected by other groups of Christians, notably the proto-orthodox Christians, as was his theology, Marcionism. Adolf Harnack in \"Origin of the New Testament\" (1914) observed that the church",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "3414395",
"text": "lodge of England amongst others. In Masonic circles it is used to represent the Four Seasons - Lion (Leo - Summer), Bull (Taurus - Spring), Angel (Aquarius - Winter) and Eagle (Scorpio - Autumn). Four Evangelists In Christian tradition, the Four Evangelists are Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, the authors attributed with the creation of the four Gospel accounts in the New Testament that bear the following titles: Gospel according to Matthew; Gospel according to Mark; Gospel according to Luke and Gospel according to John. The gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke are known as the Synoptic Gospels, because they",
"title": "Four Evangelists"
},
{
"id": "302096",
"text": "which was to be given by Christ would be complete. The canon of the New Testament is the collection of books that most Christians regard as divinely inspired and constituting the New Testament of the Christian biblical canon. In the period extending roughly from 50 to 150 AD, a number of documents began to circulate among the churches, including epistles, gospel accounts, memoirs, prophecies, homilies, and collections of teachings. While some of these documents were apostolic in origin, others drew upon the tradition the apostles and ministers of the word had utilized in their individual missions, and still others represented",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302099",
"text": "...\" or \"The Gospel according to ...\" followed by the name of the supposed author. Whatever these admittedly early ascriptions may imply about the sources behind or the perception of these gospels, they are anonymous compositions. The first three gospels listed above are classified as the Synoptic Gospels. They contain similar accounts of the events in Jesus' life and his teaching, due to their literary interdependence. The Gospel of John is structured differently and includes stories of several miracles of Jesus and sayings not found in the other three. These four gospels that were eventually included in the New Testament",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302126",
"text": "early date and (usually) for a defense of the Apostle Peter's authorship see Kruger, Zahn, Spitta, Bigg, and Green. The Epistle of Jude title is written as follows: \"Jude, a servant of Jesus Christ and a brother of James\" (NRSV). The debate has continued over the author's identity as the apostle, the brother of Jesus, both, or neither. The First Epistle of John is traditionally held to have been composed by John the Apostle (the author of the Gospel of John) when the writer was in advanced age. The epistle's content, language and conceptual style indicate that it may have",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "14683621",
"text": "by the middle of the 3rd century. Origen of Alexandria (184/85–253/54), an early scholar involved in the codification of the Biblical canon, had a thorough education both in Christian theology and in pagan philosophy, but was posthumously condemned at the Second Council of Constantinople in 553 since some of his teachings were considered to be heresy. Origen's canon included all of the books in the current New Testament canon except for four books: James, 2nd Peter, and the 2nd and 3rd epistles of John. He also included the Shepherd of Hermas which was later rejected. The religious scholar Bruce Metzger",
"title": "Biblical canon"
},
{
"id": "38329",
"text": "Apocrypha (including both orthodox and heretical works). The New Testament is a collection of 27 books of 4 different genres of Christian literature (Gospels, one account of the Acts of the Apostles, Epistles and an Apocalypse). These books can be grouped into: The Gospels Narrative literature, account and history of the Apostolic age Pauline Epistles Pastoral epistles General epistles, also called catholic epistles Apocalyptic literature, also called Prophetical The New Testament books are ordered differently in the Catholic/Orthodox/Protestant tradition, the Slavonic tradition, the Syriac tradition and the Ethiopian tradition. The mainstream consensus is that the New Testament was written in",
"title": "Bible"
},
{
"id": "302119",
"text": "The Gospel of John is somewhat of an exception, although the author simply refers to himself as \"the disciple Jesus loved\" and claims to be a member of Jesus' inner circle. The identities of each author were agreed upon at an early date, certainly no later than the early 2nd century. It is likely that the issue of the authorship of each gospel had been settled at least somewhat earlier, as the earliest sources are in complete agreement on the issue. No one questioned the early 2nd century consensus until the 18th century. Some scholars today maintain the traditional claim",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302150",
"text": "James, the Epistle of Jude, the Epistle to the Hebrews and the Book of Revelation. To this day, German-language Luther Bibles are printed with these four books at the end of the canon, rather than in their traditional order as in other editions of the Bible. In light of this questioning of the canon of Scripture by Protestants in the 16th century, the (Roman Catholic) Council of Trent reaffirmed the traditional western canon (i.e., the canon accepted at the 4th-century Council of Rome and Council of Carthage), thus making the Canon of Trent and the Vulgate Bible dogma in the",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "14683726",
"text": "list of the sacred books to a Gallic bishop, Exsuperius of Toulouse, identical with that of Trent. It states \"fourteen\" Epistles of Paul, but F.F. Bruce prefers \"thirteen\" excluding the Hebrews. According to the \"Catholic Encyclopedia\", by the turn of the 5th century, the Western Church under Pope Innocent I recognized a biblical canon including the four gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, which was previously established at a number of regional Synods, namely the Council of Rome (382), the Synod of Hippo (393), and two Councils of Carthage (397 and 419). The Eastern Churches had, in general, a",
"title": "Development of the New Testament canon"
},
{
"id": "46234",
"text": "both in the Greek for liturgical purposes, and as the basis for translations into the vernacular. Most of the quotations (300 of 400) of the Old Testament in the New Testament, while differing more or less from the version presented by the Masoretic text, align with that of the Septuagint. These books, which were largely written during the intertestamental period, are called the Biblical apocrypha (\"hidden things\") by Protestants, the deuterocanon (\"second canon\") by Catholics, and the deuterocanon or \"anagignoskomena\" (\"worthy of reading\") by Orthodox. These are works recognized by the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox Churches as",
"title": "Books of the Bible"
},
{
"id": "14683716",
"text": "say that he ventured to paraphrase certain words of the apostle [Paul], in order to improve their style.\" The Codex Claromontanus , c. 303–67, a page found inserted into a 6th-century copy of the Epistles of Paul and Hebrews, has the Old Testament, including Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach, 1–2,4 Maccabees, and the New Testament, plus \"Acts of Paul\", \"Apocalypse of Peter\", Barnabas, and Hermas, but missing Philippians, 1–2 Thessalonians, and Hebrews. Zahn and Harnack were of the opinion that the list had been drawn up originally in Greek at Alexandria or its neighborhood ~300 AD. According to Jülicher the list",
"title": "Development of the New Testament canon"
},
{
"id": "302122",
"text": "Hebrews is, despite unlikely Pauline authorship, often functionally grouped with these thirteen to form a corpus of fourteen \"Pauline\" epistles. Seven letters are generally classified as \"undisputed\", expressing contemporary scholarly near consensus that they are the work of Paul: Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians and Philemon. Six additional letters bearing Paul's name do not currently enjoy the same academic consensus: Ephesians, Colossians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy and Titus. While many scholars uphold the traditional view, some question whether the first three, called the \"Deutero-Pauline Epistles\", are authentic letters of Paul. As for the latter",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "38287",
"text": "Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh. The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians, believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ, written in first-century Koine Greek. These early Christian Greek writings consist of Gospels, letters, and apocalyptic writings. Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about what should be included in the canon, primarily about the Apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect. Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups. Roman Catholics, high church",
"title": "Bible"
},
{
"id": "302123",
"text": "three, the \"Pastoral epistles\", some scholars uphold the traditional view of these as the genuine writings of the Apostle Paul; most, however, regard them as pseudepigrapha. One might refer to the Epistle to the Laodiceans and the Third Epistle to the Corinthians as examples of works identified as pseudonymous. Since the early centuries of the church, there has been debate concerning the authorship of the anonymous Epistle to the Hebrews, and contemporary scholars generally reject Pauline authorship. The epistles all share common themes, emphasis, vocabulary and style; they exhibit a uniformity of doctrine concerning the Mosaic Law, Jesus, faith, and",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "14683739",
"text": "includes an explicit list of canonical books. Many Evangelical Christian groups (which have their origin in c. 1730 England) do not accept the theory that the Christian Bible was not known until various local and Ecumenical Councils, which they deem to be \"Roman-dominated\", made their official declarations. These groups believe that the New Testament supports that Paul (2 Timothy 4:11–13), Peter (2 Peter 3:15–16), and ultimately John (Revelation 22:18–19) finalized the canon of the New Testament. Some note that Peter, John, and Paul wrote 20 (or 21) of the 27-books of the NT and personally knew all the other NT",
"title": "Development of the New Testament canon"
},
{
"id": "302139",
"text": "gradually formulated its New Testament canon in response to the challenge posed by Marcion. Justin Martyr, Irenaeus and Tertullian held the letters of Paul to be on par with the Hebrew Scriptures as being divinely inspired, yet others rejected him. Other books were held in high esteem but were gradually relegated to the status of New Testament apocrypha. Justin Martyr, in the mid 2nd century, mentions \"memoirs of the apostles\" as being read on Sunday alongside the \"writings of the prophets\". The Muratorian fragment, dated at between 170 and as late as the end of the 4th century (according to",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302125",
"text": "identifies himself in the opening verse as \"Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ\", and the view that the epistle was written by St. Peter is attested to by a number of Church Fathers: Irenaeus (140–203), Tertullian (150–222), Clement of Alexandria (155–215) and Origen of Alexandria (185–253). Unlike The Second Epistle of Peter, the authorship of which was debated in antiquity, there was little debate about Peter's authorship of this first epistle until the 18th century. Although 2 Peter internally purports to be a work of the apostle, many biblical scholars have concluded that Peter is not the author. For an",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "13633260",
"text": "limitations on scroll length. The first two parts, 1 and 2 Chronicles, still make up a single book in the Hebrew Bible, as do the other two parts, Ezra and Nehemiah. G.F. Hasel writes, \"It is rather widely accepted in current scholarship that Ezra-Nehemiah forms a continuation of Chronicles.\" The four books were presented together as \"The Chronicles\" in . \"The Books of the Bible\" presents this work as \"one long book, telling one continuous story.\" Luke–Acts was also originally a single book. In \"The New Testament in Its Literary Environment\", David Aune describes it as an example of the",
"title": "The Books of the Bible"
},
{
"id": "302120",
"text": "that Luke the Evangelist, an associate of St. Paul who was probably not an eyewitness to Jesus' ministry, wrote the Gospel of Luke and Acts of the Apostles. Scholars are also divided on the traditional claim that Mark the Evangelist, an associate of St. Peter who may have been an eyewitness to Jesus' ministry, wrote the Gospel of Mark. Scholars are more divided over the traditional claim that Matthew the Apostle wrote the Gospel of Matthew and that John the Apostle wrote the Gospel of John. Opinion, however, is widely divided on this issue and there is no widespread consensus.",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302128",
"text": "traditionally been identified with John the Apostle to whom the Gospel and the epistles of John were attributed. It was believed that he was exiled to the island of Patmos during the reign of the Roman emperor Domitian, and there wrote Revelation. Justin Martyr (c. 100–165 AD) who was acquainted with Polycarp, who had been mentored by John, makes a possible allusion to this book, and credits John as the source. Irenaeus (c. 115–202) assumes it as a conceded point. According to the \"Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible\", modern scholars are divided between the apostolic view and several alternative",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "121981",
"text": "was the first bishop of the Church in Jerusalem (see , ).\" Many scholars consider the epistle to be written in the late 1st or early 2nd centuries: Other scholars, such as Luke Timothy Johnson, suggest an early dating for the Epistle of James: \"The Letter of James also, according to the majority of scholars who have carefully worked through its text in the past two centuries, is among the earliest of New Testament compositions. It contains no reference to the events in Jesus' life, but it bears striking testimony to Jesus' words. Jesus' sayings are embedded in James' exhortations",
"title": "Epistle of James"
},
{
"id": "11076529",
"text": "originally contained 73 books; however, 7 books, collectively called the Apocrypha or Deuterocanon depending on one's opinion of them, were removed by Martin Luther due to a lack of original Hebrew sources, and now vary on their inclusion between denominations. Greek Bibles contain additional materials. The New Testament comprises four accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus (the Four Gospels), as well as several other writings (the epistles) and the Book of Revelation. They are usually considered to be divinely inspired, and together comprise the Christian Bible. The vast majority of Christian faiths (including Catholicism, Orthodox Christianity, and most",
"title": "Abrahamic religions"
},
{
"id": "187810",
"text": "current New Testament. In his Easter letter of 367, Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, gave the earliest preserved list of exactly the books that would become the New Testament canon. The African Synod of Hippo, in 393, approved the New Testament, as it stands today, a decision repeated by the Council of Carthage (397) and the Council of Carthage (419). These councils were under the authority of St. Augustine, who regarded the canon as already closed. Likewise, Damasus' commissioning of the Latin Vulgate edition of the Bible, c. 383, was instrumental in the fixation of the canon in the West. In",
"title": "History of Christianity"
},
{
"id": "302116",
"text": "the individuals whose names are attached. He further argues that the Gospels were originally anonymous, and names were not ascribed to them until around 185 AD. Other scholars concur. It is the perspective of some writers that none were written in Palestine. There is a tradition that the Apostle John was the author of the Gospel of John. Traditionalists (such as biblical commentators Albert Barnes and Matthew Henry) seem to support the idea that the writer of the Gospel of John himself claimed to be an eyewitness in their commentaries of John 21:24 and therefore the gospel was written by",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302155",
"text": "Council.\" In 331, Constantine I commissioned Eusebius to deliver fifty Bibles for the Church of Constantinople. Athanasius (\"Apol. Const. 4\") recorded Alexandrian scribes around 340 preparing Bibles for Constans. Little else is known, though there is plenty of speculation. For example, it is speculated that this may have provided motivation for canon lists, and that Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus may be examples of these Bibles. Together with the Peshitta and Codex Alexandrinus, these are the earliest extant Christian Bibles. There is no evidence among the canons of the First Council of Nicaea of any determination on the canon. Like",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302140",
"text": "the Anchor Bible Dictionary), may be the earliest known New Testament canon attributed to mainstream Christianity. It is similar, but not identical, to the modern New Testament canon. The oldest clear endorsement of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John being the only legitimate gospels was written \"circa\" 180 AD. A four gospel canon (the \"Tetramorph\") was asserted by Irenaeus, who refers to it directly in his polemic \"Against the Heresies\", \"It is not possible that the gospels can be either more or fewer in number than they are. For, since there are four zones of the world in which we live,",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "4284508",
"text": "2 Clement (up to 12:5a). The books of the Old Testament are thus distributed: Genesis — 2 Chronicles (first volume), Hosea — 4 Maccabees (second volume), Psalms — Sirach (third volume). The New Testament (fourth volume) books follow in order: Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, General epistles, Pauline epistles (Hebrews placed between 2 Thessalonians and 1 Timothy), Book of Revelation. There is an appendix marked in the index, which lists the Psalms of Solomon and probably contained more apocryphal/pseudepigraphical books, but it has been torn off and the pages containing these books have also been lost. Due to damage and",
"title": "Codex Alexandrinus"
},
{
"id": "38328",
"text": "by Jeremiah. The New Testament is the name given to the second and final portion of the Christian Bible. Jesus is its central figure. The term \"New Testament\" came into use in the second century during a controversy among Christians over whether or not the Hebrew Bible should be included with the Christian writings as sacred scripture. The New Testament presupposes the inspiration of the Old Testament. Some other works which were widely read by early churches were excluded from the New Testament and relegated to the collections known as the Apostolic Fathers (generally considered orthodox) and the New Testament",
"title": "Bible"
},
{
"id": "2911035",
"text": "(for the Book of Tobit), Theodotion's translation of the Apocrypha (for The Song of the Three, Daniel and Susanna, and Daniel, Bel and the Snake (sometimes referred to as the Dragon)), Codex Vaticanus Graecus 1209 (for Sirach), Codex 248 (also for Sirach), and R. L. Bensly's Latin text \"The Fourth Book of Ezra\" for 2 Esdras. For the New Testament the New English Bible Translators relied on a large body of texts including early Greek New Testament manuscripts, early translations rendered in other languages (those aside from Greek), and the quotations of early Christian writers and speakers. The text adhered",
"title": "New English Bible"
},
{
"id": "2742347",
"text": "misrepresented. Such works include the following: Some Christian scholars maintain that nothing known to be pseudepigraphical was admitted to the New Testament canon. However, reputable biblical scholars, such as Dr. Bart D. Ehrman, have demonstrated that only seven of Paul's epistles are convincingly genuine. All of the other 20 books in the New Testament appear to be written by unknown people who were not the well-known biblical figures to whom the early Christian leaders originally attributed authorship. Even the Catholic Church has admitted that the New Testament Gospels are pseudepigraphical. The Catholic Encyclopedia notes, The first four historical books of",
"title": "Pseudepigrapha"
},
{
"id": "302090",
"text": "Catholic (General) Epistles were introduced into canons in which they were originally absent. Other works earlier held to be Scripture, such as 1 Clement, the Shepherd of Hermas, and the Diatessaron, were excluded from the New Testament. The Old Testament canon is not completely uniform among all major Christian groups including Roman Catholics, Protestants, the Greek Orthodox Church, the Slavic Orthodox Churches, and the Armenian Orthodox Church. However, the twenty-seven-book canon of the New Testament, at least since Late Antiquity, has been almost universally recognized within Christianity (see Development of the New Testament canon). The New Testament consists of: The",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "14683717",
"text": "belongs to the 4th century and is probably of western origin. In 331, Constantine I commissioned Eusebius to deliver fifty Bibles for the Church of Constantinople. Athanasius (\"Apol. Const. 4\") recorded Alexandrian scribes around 340 preparing Bibles for Constans. Little else is known, though there is plenty of speculation. For example, it is speculated that this may have provided motivation for canon lists, and that Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus may be examples of these Bibles. Together with the Peshitta and Codex Alexandrinus, these are the earliest extant Christian Bibles. , notes the following list of \"New Testament\" books from",
"title": "Development of the New Testament canon"
},
{
"id": "14683636",
"text": "left-out of the Peshitta and ultimately excluded from the canon altogether. The Didache, The Shepherd of Hermas, and other writings attributed to the Apostolic Fathers, were once considered scriptural by various early Church fathers. They are still being honored in some traditions, though they are no longer considered to be canonical. However, certain canonical books within the Orthodox Tewahedo traditions find their origin in the writings of the Apostolic Fathers as well as the Ancient Church Orders. The Orthodox Tewahedo churches recognize these eight additional New Testament books in its broader canon. They are as follows: the four books of",
"title": "Biblical canon"
},
{
"id": "3610851",
"text": "source) and someone edited and organized stories about his life into a historical narrative: the Gospel of Mark. As these two documents circulated among Christians, other historical narratives were edited and organized. The four gospels ascribed to Matthew, Mark, Luke and John were regionally authoritative by proto-orthodoxy by the 2nd century. Some historians have suggested that, between Nero's persecution of Christians in 64 CE and the Jewish revolt in 66 CE, Gentile Christians saw more sense in giving Jews, rather than Romans, responsibility for Jesus' death. Moreover, just as Rabbinic Judaism was in part the Pharisaic response to their acknowledgment",
"title": "Historical background of the New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302141",
"text": "and four principal winds, while the church is scattered throughout all the world, and the \"pillar and ground\" of the church is the gospel and the spirit of life; it is fitting that she should have four pillars, breathing out immortality on every side, and vivifying men afresh.\" The books considered to be authoritative by Irenaeus included the four gospels and many of the letters of Paul, although, based on the arguments Irenaeus made in support of only four authentic gospels, some interpreters deduce that the fourfold Gospel must have still been a novelty in Irenaeus's time. By the early",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302136",
"text": "Koine Greek, and also a colloquial dialect of Mishnaic Hebrew. It is generally agreed by most scholars that the historical Jesus primarily spoke Aramaic, perhaps also some Hebrew and Koine Greek. The majority view is that all of the books that would eventually form the New Testament were written in the Koine Greek language. As Christianity spread, these books were later translated into other languages, most notably, Latin, Syriac, and Egyptian Coptic. However, some of the Church Fathers imply or claim that Matthew was originally written in Hebrew or Aramaic, and then soon after was written in Koine Greek. Nevertheless,",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302118",
"text": "document, in addition to some other sources, to write their individual gospel accounts. These three gospels are called the Synoptic gospels because they include many of the same stories, often in the same sequence, and sometimes exactly the same wording. Scholars agree that the Gospel of John was written last, by using a different tradition and body of testimony. In addition, most scholars agree that the author of Luke wrote the Acts of the Apostles. Scholars hold that these books constituted two halves of a single work, Luke-Acts. Strictly speaking, each gospel and the book of Acts is arguably anonymous.",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "7675655",
"text": "the gospel of Luke (Luke 24:44). The books of the Bible that have an internal spiritual sense, and are thus divinely inspired, include the Law of Moses (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings), the Prophets (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi) and the Psalms. Swedenborg's groupings differ from Judaism's, as he assigned Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings to the Law of Moses, while according to the Jewish biblical canon the Law of Moses (the Torah) refers to the first five books, and these four books",
"title": "The New Church (Swedenborgian)"
},
{
"id": "14683686",
"text": "Development of the New Testament canon The canon of the New Testament is the set of books Christians regard as divinely inspired and constituting the New Testament of the Christian Bible. For most, it is an agreed-upon list of twenty-seven books that includes the Canonical Gospels, Acts, letters of the Apostles, and Revelation. The books of the canon of the New Testament were written before 120 AD. For the Orthodox, the recognition of these writings as authoritative was formalized in the Second Council of Trullan of 692. The Catholic Church made dogmatic definition upon its Biblical canon in 382 at",
"title": "Development of the New Testament canon"
},
{
"id": "145640",
"text": "First Epistle of John The First Epistle of John, often referred to as First John and written 1 John or I John, is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament, and the fourth of the catholic epistles. It is attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two Johannine epistles. This epistle was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95–110. The work was written to counter docetism, which is the belief that Jesus did not come \"in the flesh\", but only as a spirit. It also",
"title": "First Epistle of John"
},
{
"id": "38332",
"text": "original books, and their differing lists of texts. In addition to the Septuagint, Christianity subsequently added various writings that would become the New Testament. Somewhat different lists of accepted works continued to develop in antiquity. In the 4th century a series of synods produced a list of texts equal to the 39, 46, 51, or 54-book canon of the Old Testament and to the 27-book canon of the New Testament that would be subsequently used to today, most notably the Synod of Hippo in 393 CE. Also \"c\". 400, Jerome produced a definitive Latin edition of the Bible (see Vulgate),",
"title": "Bible"
},
{
"id": "302146",
"text": "church of Rome, on the ground that it was not written by Paul.\" EH 4.29.6 mentions the Diatessaron: \"But their original founder, Tatian, formed a certain combination and collection of the gospels, I know not how, to which he gave the title Diatessaron, and which is still in the hands of some. But they say that he ventured to paraphrase certain words of the apostle Paul, in order to improve their style.\" In his Easter letter of 367, Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, gave a list of the books that would become the twenty-seven-book NT canon, and he used the word",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302105",
"text": "the Mosaic covenant and urges the readers in the practical implications of this conviction through the end of the epistle. The book has been widely accepted by the Christian church as inspired by God and thus authoritative, despite the acknowledgment of uncertainties about who its human author was. Regarding authorship, although the Epistle to the Hebrews does not internally claim to have been written by the Apostle Paul, some similarities in wordings to some of the Pauline Epistles have been noted and inferred. In antiquity, some began to ascribe it to Paul in an attempt to provide the anonymous work",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "14683730",
"text": "a heretic and in the early 4th century Bishop Theodoretus of Cyrrhus and Bishop Rabbula of Edessa (both in Syria) rooted out all copies they could find of the Diatessaron and replaced them with the four canonical Gospels (M 215). As a result, no early copies of the Diatessaron survive—although a very early fragment suggests it would have been crucial evidence for the true state of the early Gospels (see IX). By the 5th century, the Syriac Bible, called the Peshitta, was formalized, accepting Philemon, along with James, 1 Peter and 1 John, but excluding 2 John, 3 John, 2",
"title": "Development of the New Testament canon"
},
{
"id": "302112",
"text": "among Protestants when referring to those books found in the Christian Old Testament although not in the Jewish Bible, modern scholars began to refer to these works of early Christian literature not included in the New Testament as \"apocryphal\", by which was meant non-canonical. Collected editions of these works were then referred to as the \"New Testament apocrypha\". Typically excluded from such published collections are the following groups of works: The Apostolic Fathers, the 2nd-century Christian apologists, the Alexandrians, Tertullian, Methodius of Olympus, Novatian, Cyprian, martyrdoms, and the Desert Fathers. Almost all other Christian literature from the period, and sometimes",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "14683713",
"text": "also used the Gospel of the Egyptians, Preaching of Peter, Traditions of Matthias, Sibylline Oracles, and the Oral Gospel. He did, however, prefer the four church gospels to all others, although he supplemented them freely with apocryphal gospels. He was the first to treat non-Pauline letters of the apostles (other than II Peter) as scripture-he accepted I Peter, I and II John, and Jude as scripture. There were those who rejected the \"Gospel of John\" (and possibly also \"Revelation\" and the \"Epistles of John\") as either not apostolic or as written by the Gnostic Cerinthus or as not compatible with",
"title": "Development of the New Testament canon"
},
{
"id": "1682532",
"text": "the New Testament were all or nearly all written by Jewish Christians—that is, Jewish disciples of Jesus, during the first and early second centuries Luke, who wrote the Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts, is frequently thought of as an exception; scholars are divided as to whether Luke was a Gentile or a Hellenistic Jew. The Gospels were written between 68-110 CE, Acts between 95-110, Epistles between 51-110 CE and Revelation in c. 95 CE. Josephus was a scholar, historian and hagiographer who was born in 37 CE in Jerusalem, Judea. He recorded Jewish history, with special emphasis",
"title": "Culture of Israel"
},
{
"id": "302130",
"text": "but the discovery of some New Testament manuscripts and fragments from the 2nd and 3rd centuries, one of which dates as early as 125 (Papyrus 52), disproves a 3rd-century date of composition for any book now in the New Testament. Additionally, a letter to the church at Corinth in the name of Clement of Rome in 95 quotes from 10 of the 27 books of the New Testament, and a letter to the church at Philippi in the name of Polycarp in 120 quotes from 16 books. Therefore, some of the books of the New Testament must have been in",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "46230",
"text": "of Christian Bibles is called the Old Testament, which contains, at minimum, the above 24 books but divided into 39 books and ordered differently. The Catholic Church and Eastern Christian churches also hold that certain deuterocanonical books and passages are part of the Old Testament canon. The second part is the New Testament, containing 27 books; the four Canonical gospels, Acts of the Apostles, 21 Epistles or letters and the Book of Revelation. The King James Bible—which has been called \"the most influential version of the most influential book in the world, in what is now its most influential language\"",
"title": "Books of the Bible"
},
{
"id": "302117",
"text": "an eyewitness; however, this idea is rejected by the majority of modern scholars. A review of Richard Bauckham's book \"Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony\" states \"The common wisdom in the academy is that stories and sayings of Jesus circulated for decades, undergoing countless retellings and embellishments before being finally set down in writing.\" Most scholars hold to the two-source hypothesis, which claims that the Gospel of Mark was written first. According to the hypothesis, the authors of the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke then used the Gospel of Mark and the hypothetical Q",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302085",
"text": "New Testament The New Testament (, trans. \"Hē Kainḕ Diathḗkē\"; ) is the second part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible. The New Testament discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christianity. Christians regard both the Old and New Testaments together as sacred scripture. The New Testament (in whole or in part) has frequently accompanied the spread of Christianity around the world. It reflects and serves as a source for Christian theology and morality. Extended readings and phrases directly from the New Testament",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302121",
"text": "The Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles were both written by the same author, and are thus referred to as the Lucan texts. The most direct evidence comes from the prefaces of each book; both were addressed to Theophilus, and the preface to the Acts of the Apostles references \"my former book\" about the ministry of Jesus. Furthermore, there are linguistic and theological similarities between the two works, suggesting that they have a common author. The Pauline epistles are the thirteen books in the New Testament traditionally attributed to Paul of Tarsus. The anonymous Epistle to the",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302149",
"text": "was first listed by St. Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, in 367, in a letter written to his churches in Egypt, Festal Letter 39. Also cited is the Council of Rome, but not without controversy. That canon gained wider and wider recognition until it was accepted at the Third Council of Carthage in 397 and 419. Even this council did not settle the matter, however. Certain books, referred to as Antilegomena, continued to be questioned, especially James and Revelation. Even as late as the 16th century, the Reformer Martin Luther questioned (but in the end did not reject) the Epistle of",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "127073",
"text": "First Epistle to the Thessalonians The First Epistle to the Thessalonians, usually referred to simply as First Thessalonians (written 1 Thessalonians and abbreviated 1 Thess. or 1 Thes.), is the thirteenth book from the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The first letter to the Thessalonians was likely the first of Paul's letters, probably written by the end of AD 52. Most New Testament scholars believe Paul the Apostle wrote this letter from Corinth, although information appended to this work in many early manuscripts (e.g., Codices Alexandrinus, Mosquensis, and Angelicus) state that Paul wrote it in Athens after Timothy had",
"title": "First Epistle to the Thessalonians"
},
{
"id": "10238824",
"text": "of 25 to over 125 years. The earliest manuscript of a New Testament text is a business-card-sized fragment from the Gospel of John, Rylands Library Papyrus P52, which may be as early as the first half of the 2nd century. The first complete copies of single New Testament books appear around 200, and the earliest complete copy of the New Testament, the Codex Sinaiticus dates to the 4th century. The following table lists the earliest extant manuscript witnesses for the books of the New Testament. Palaeography is the study of ancient writing, and textual criticism is the study of manuscripts",
"title": "Biblical manuscript"
},
{
"id": "302137",
"text": "the Gospel of Matthew known today was composed in Greek and is neither directly dependent upon nor a translation of a text in a Semitic language. The process of canonization of the New Testament was complex and lengthy. In the initial centuries of early Christianity, there were many books widely considered by the church to be inspired, but there was no single formally recognized New Testament canon. The process was characterized by a compilation of books that apostolic tradition considered authoritative in worship and teaching, relevant to the historical situations in which they lived, and consonant with the Old Testament.",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "6597386",
"text": "instance, the words of the Torah, or the first five books of the Old Testament, have traditionally been believed to be by the hand of Moses, and the New Testament Gospels have been attributed to the Four Evangelists. Modern scholarship calls these attributions into question. Eliot Rabin writes: \"For the past 400 years, readers have been openly questioning the traditional attribution of these five books to Moses.\" For instance, he quotes Thomas Hobbes in his 1651 \"Leviathan\" as writing that, when Genesis 12:6 has \"and the Canaanite was then in the land\", it could not have been written by Moses.",
"title": "Internal consistency of the Bible"
},
{
"id": "302087",
"text": "the New Testament is not found anywhere in any book of the Bible. It was the united Catholic Church which defined the 27-book canon. The first time we find the complete list of the 27 books of the NT is in Athanasius, eastern Catholic bishop of the IV Century. The first time that church councils gave us this same list was in the councils of Hippo (393) and Carthage (397) in north Africa and the pope Innocent I ratified the same canon in 405, but it is probable that a Council in Rome in 382 under pope Damasus gave the",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "14683699",
"text": "to his book \"Early Christian Writings\", Henry Wace stated: Note 61 of page 308 adds: Other scholars propose that it was Melito of Sardis who originally coined the phrase \"Old Testament\", which is associated with Supersessionism. Robert M. Price argues that the evidence that the early church fathers, such as Clement, Ignatius, and Polycarp, knew of the Pauline epistles is unclear, and concludes that Marcion was the first person to collect Paul's writings to various churches and to treat ten Pauline letters, some of them Marcion's own compositions, together with an earlier version of Luke (not the Gospel of Luke",
"title": "Development of the New Testament canon"
},
{
"id": "145652",
"text": "include it as a footnote. First Epistle of John The First Epistle of John, often referred to as First John and written 1 John or I John, is the first of the Johannine epistles of the New Testament, and the fourth of the catholic epistles. It is attributed to John the Evangelist, traditionally thought to be the author of the Gospel of John and the other two Johannine epistles. This epistle was probably written in Ephesus in AD 95–110. The work was written to counter docetism, which is the belief that Jesus did not come \"in the flesh\", but only",
"title": "First Epistle of John"
},
{
"id": "305840",
"text": "as the Pentateuch and Deuteronomistic history and probably date from the 4th century BC. Chronicles, and Ezra–Nehemiah, were probably finished during the 3rd century BC. Catholic and Orthodox Old Testaments contain two (Catholic Old Testament) to four (Orthodox) Books of Maccabees, written in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. These history books make up around half the total content of the Old Testament. Of the remainder, the books of the various prophets – Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the twelve \"minor prophets\" – were written between the 8th and 6th centuries BC, with the exceptions of Jonah and Daniel, which were",
"title": "Old Testament"
},
{
"id": "302133",
"text": "harmonization between different traditions within Early Christianity had occurred. Furthermore, Luke-Acts has views on Jesus' divine nature, the end times, and salvation that are similar to those found in Pastoral epistles, which are often seen as pseudonymous and of a later date than the undisputed Pauline Epistles. Most conservative scholars however, argue that both internal and external evidence strongly points to dates prior to 70 AD for the Synoptic Gospels, Acts, and the Pauline Epistles. They note that there is no mention of the deaths of Paul, Peter, and James, all of which happened between 60–65 AD, in any book",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "305831",
"text": "Old Testament The Old Testament (abbreviated OT) is the first part of Christian Bibles, based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh), a collection of ancient religious writings by the Israelites believed by most Christians and religious Jews to be the sacred Word of God. The second part of the Christian Bible is the New Testament. The books that comprise the Old Testament canon, as well as their order and names, differ between Christian denominations. The Catholic canon comprises 46 books, and the canons of the Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches comprise up to 51 books and the most",
"title": "Old Testament"
},
{
"id": "15209848",
"text": "Saint Jude and Saint Bartholomew, while the church of Israel was founded by Saint James. The Biblical canon began with the officially accepted books of the Koine Greek Old Testament (which predates Christianity). This \"canon\" is called the Septuagint or \"seventy\" and is accepted as the foundation of the Christian faith along with the Good news (gospels), Revelations and Letters of the Apostles (including Acts of the Apostles and the Epistle to the Hebrews). The earliest text of the New Testament was written in common or Koine Greek, according to Greek primacy. The many texts in the many tribal dialects",
"title": "History of Eastern Orthodox theology"
},
{
"id": "3838701",
"text": "in the New Testament) are a group of letters credited to the Apostolic Fathers. These include the Epistle of Barnabas, the Shepherd of Hermas and the Epistles of Clement, as well as the Didache. Taken as a whole, the collection is notable for its literary simplicity, religious zeal and lack of Hellenistic philosophy or rhetoric. Fathers such as Ignatius of Antioch (died 98 to 117) advocated the authority of the apostolic episcopacy (bishops). Early Christianity spread from city to city throughout the Hellenized Roman Empire and beyond into East Africa and South Asia. The Christian Apostles, said to have dispersed",
"title": "Early Christianity"
},
{
"id": "14683725",
"text": "the Hebrews was written by Paul, for a time ending all debate on the subject. The first council that accepted the present canon of the books of the New Testament may have been the Synod of Hippo in North Africa (393). A brief summary of the acts was read at and accepted by the Synod of Carthage (397) and Council of Carthage (419). These councils were convened under the authority of St. Augustine, who regarded the canon as already closed. This North African canon reaffirmed at the Council of Trent of 1546. In c. 405, Pope Innocent I sent a",
"title": "Development of the New Testament canon"
},
{
"id": "257363",
"text": "Luke the Evangelist Luke the Evangelist (Latin: \"Lūcās\", , \"Loukâs\", , \"Lūqās\", , \"Lūqā'\") is one of the Four Evangelists—the four traditionally ascribed authors of the canonical Gospels. The Early Church Fathers ascribed to him authorship of both the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, which would mean Luke contributed over a quarter of the text of the New Testament, more than any other author. Prominent figures in early Christianity such as Jerome and Eusebius later reaffirmed his authorship, although the fragile evidence of the identity of the author of the works has led to discussion in",
"title": "Luke the Evangelist"
},
{
"id": "14683719",
"text": "and 26-book NT (excludes Revelation). In his Easter letter of 367, Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, gave a list of exactly the same books as what would become the 27-book NT canon, and he used the word \"canonized\" (kanonizomena) in regard to them. The Cheltenham List, c. 365–90, is a Latin list discovered by the German classical scholar Theodor Mommsen (published 1886) in a 10th-century manuscript (chiefly patristic) belonging to the library of Thomas Phillips at Cheltenham, England. The list probably originated in North Africa soon after the middle of the 4th century. It has a 24-book Old Testament and 24-book",
"title": "Development of the New Testament canon"
},
{
"id": "2659854",
"text": "Pauline epistles The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen books of the New Testament, composed of letters which are largely attributed to Paul the Apostle, although authorship of some is in dispute. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents. They provide an insight into the beliefs and controversies of early Christianity and as part of the canon of the New Testament they are foundational texts for both Christian theology and ethics. The Epistle to the Hebrews, although it does not bear his name, was traditionally considered Pauline for a thousand",
"title": "Pauline epistles"
},
{
"id": "302098",
"text": "four gospels in the New Testament narrates the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. The word \"gospel\" derives from the Old English \"gōd-spell\" (rarely \"godspel\"), meaning \"good news\" or \"glad tidings\". The gospel was considered the \"good news\" of the coming Kingdom of Messiah, and the redemption through the life and death of Jesus, the central Christian message. Gospel is a calque (word-for-word translation) of the Greek word , \"euangelion\" (\"eu-\" \"good\", \"-angelion\" \"message\"). Since the 2nd century, the four narrative accounts of the life and work of Jesus Christ have been referred to as \"The Gospel of",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "17791642",
"text": "Irenaeus (c. 180), who cites from Papias and “the elders” and also personally knew Polycarp of Smyrna, another disciple of John of Ephesus, is widely considered the most reliable authority we have on this John. In our first extant description of all four Gospels, Irenaeus concludes: Here, John the Evangelist is clearly identified with the Beloved Disciple and located in Ephesus. Elsewhere Irenaeus unmistakably cites this same John as author of the Epistles and Revelation as well. Irenaeus also speaks of the aged John surviving in Ephesus until the time of Trajan (98–117), which would be about 70 years after",
"title": "New Testament people named John"
},
{
"id": "14683729",
"text": "Gospel (meaning the Diatessaron of Tatian), the Epistles of Paul (which are said to have been sent by Peter, from Rome), and the Book of Acts (which is said to have been sent by John the son of Zebedee, from Ephesus), and nothing else. For centuries the Diatessaron, along with Acts and the Pauline Epistles (except Philemon), comprised the only accepted books of the Syriac Christianity, meaning that Tatian's stricter views, resulting in the rejection in 1 Timothy, did not win out. Moreover, after the pronouncements of the 4th century on the proper content of the Bible, Tatian was declared",
"title": "Development of the New Testament canon"
},
{
"id": "302107",
"text": "style and theology, which are considered to set it apart from Paul's writings. The Catholic epistles (or \"general epistles\") consist of both letters and treatises in the form of letters written to the church at large. The term \"catholic\" (Greek: καθολική, \"katholikē\"), used to describe these letters in the oldest manuscripts containing them, here simply means \"general\" or \"universal\". The authorship of a number of these is disputed. The final book of the New Testament is the Book of Revelation, also known as the Apocalypse of John. In the New Testament canon, it is considered prophetical or apocalyptic literature. Its",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "12518783",
"text": "Minuscule 4 Minuscule 4 (Gregory-Aland), ε 371 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 212 parchment leaves (), dated palaeographically to the 13th century. Formerly it was named \"Codex Regius 84\". It has full marginalia. It was adapted for liturgical use. The codex contains almost complete text of the four Gospels with four lacunae (Matthew 2:9-20; Mark 15:42-16:14; John 1:1-13.49-3:11). The text is written in one column per page, 26-28 lines per page. The text is divided according to the (\"chapters\"), whose numerals are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (\"titles of chapters\") at the",
"title": "Minuscule 4"
},
{
"id": "162291",
"text": "those of the later authors. Many non-canonical gospels were also written, all later than the four, and all, like them, advocating the particular theological views of their authors. The Gospel of Mark probably dates from c. AD 66–70, Matthew and Luke around AD 85–90, and John AD 90–110. Despite the traditional ascriptions all four are anonymous, and none were written by eyewitnesses. Like the rest of the New Testament, they were written in Greek. In the immediate aftermath of Jesus' death his followers expected him to return at any moment, certainly within their own lifetimes, and in consequence there was",
"title": "Gospel"
},
{
"id": "13633266",
"text": "Joel<br> Malachi The Writings \"The Writings… represent a much looser grouping… They have been drawn together from a wider range of traditions, genres… and time periods.\" They are \"grouped by genre, so that each can be read meaningfully alongside other examples of the same kind of literature.\" Psalms<br> Lamentations<br> Song of Songs Proverbs<br> Ecclesiastes<br> Job Chronicles–Ezra–Nehemiah<br> Esther Daniel \"The order of the New Testament books in this edition seeks to express the ancient concept of the fourfold gospel in a fresh way. The traditional priority of the stories of Jesus is retained, but now each gospel is placed at the",
"title": "The Books of the Bible"
},
{
"id": "10670778",
"text": "New Testament canon was, like that of the Old Testament, a gradual process. Irenaeus (died c. 202) quotes and cites 21 books that would end up as part of the New Testament, but does not use Philemon, Hebrews, James, 2 Peter, 3 John and Jude. By the early 3rd century Origen of Alexandria may have been using the same 27 books as in the modern New Testament, though there were still disputes over the canonicity of Hebrews, James, 2 Peter, 2 and 3 John, and Revelation (see also Antilegomena). Likewise by 200 the Muratorian fragment shows that there existed a",
"title": "Development of the Christian biblical canon"
},
{
"id": "302171",
"text": "as countless allusions, appear throughout the books of the New Testament, from the Gospels and Acts, to the Epistles, to the Apocalypse. The first translations (usually called \"versions\") of the New Testament were made beginning already at the end of 2nd century. The earliest versions of the New Testament are the translations into the Syriac, Latin, and Coptic languages. These three versions were made directly from the Greek, and are frequently cited in the apparatuses of modern critical editions. Syriac was spoken in Syria, and Mesopotamia, and with dialect in Roman and Byzantine Palestine where it was known as Jewish",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "14683712",
"text": "excerpt from Metzger's translation: This is evidence that, perhaps as early as 200, there existed a set of Christian writings somewhat similar to what is now the 27-book NT, which included four gospels and argued against objections to them. Clement of Alexandria (c. 150 – c. 215) made use of an \"open canon\". He seemed \"practically unconcerned about canonicity. To him, inspiration is what mattered.\" In addition to books that did not make it into the final 27-book NT but which had local acceptance (Barnabas, Didache, I Clement, Revelation of Peter, the Shepherd, the Gospel according to the Hebrews), he",
"title": "Development of the New Testament canon"
},
{
"id": "302178",
"text": "the Heliand). The 16th century saw the rise of Protestantism and an explosion of translations of the New (and Old) Testament into the vernacular. Notable are those of Martin Luther (1522), Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples (1523), the Froschau Bible (1525–1529, revised in 1574), William Tyndale (1526, revised in 1534, 1535 and 1536), the Brest Bible (1563), and the Authorized Version (also called the \"King James Version\") (1611). Most of these translations relied (though not always exclusively) upon one of the printed editions of the Greek New Testament edited by Erasmus, a form of this Greek text emerged as the standard and",
"title": "New Testament"
},
{
"id": "302092",
"text": "term διαθήκη \"diathḗkē\" varies in Bible translations into English. John Wycliffe's 1395 version is a translation of the Latin Vulgate and so follows different terms in Jeremiah and Hebrews: Use of the term \"New Testament\" to describe a collection of first and second-century Christian Greek Scriptures can be traced back to Tertullian (in \"Against Praxeas\" 15). In \"Against Marcion\", written \"circa\" 208 AD, he writes of the Divine Word, who is doubly edged with the two testaments of the law and the gospel. And Tertullian continues later in the book, writing: it is certain that the whole aim at which",
"title": "New Testament"
}
] | who wrote the first four books of the new testament |
|
| [
{
"id": "1816481",
"text": "which had been created in 1864. This campaign succeeded in 1890. As early as 1889, Johnson had encouraged Muir to form an \"association\" to help protect the Sierra Nevada, and preliminary meetings were held to plan the group. Others involved in the early planning included artist William Keith, Willis Linn Jepson, Willard Drake Johnson, Joseph LeConte and David Starr Jordan. In May 1892, a group of professors from the University of California, Berkeley and Stanford University helped Muir and attorney Warren Olney launch the new organization modeled after the eastern Appalachian Mountain Club. The Sierra Club's charter members elected Muir",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816526",
"text": "The Sierra Club's executive directors have included: Sierra Club The Sierra Club is an environmental organization in the United States. It was founded on May 28, 1892, in San Francisco, California, by the Scottish-American preservationist John Muir, who became its first president. The Sierra Club primarily operates in the United States; an affiliated organization, Sierra Club Canada, operates in Canada and deals exclusively with Canadian issues. Traditionally associated with the progressive movement, the club was one of the first large-scale environmental preservation organizations in the world, and currently engages in lobbying politicians to promote environmentalist policies. Recent focuses of the",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816475",
"text": "Sierra Club The Sierra Club is an environmental organization in the United States. It was founded on May 28, 1892, in San Francisco, California, by the Scottish-American preservationist John Muir, who became its first president. The Sierra Club primarily operates in the United States; an affiliated organization, Sierra Club Canada, operates in Canada and deals exclusively with Canadian issues. Traditionally associated with the progressive movement, the club was one of the first large-scale environmental preservation organizations in the world, and currently engages in lobbying politicians to promote environmentalist policies. Recent focuses of the club include promoting sustainable energy, mitigating global",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816503",
"text": "High Trips were led by mountaineers such as Francis P. Farquhar, Joseph Nisbet LeConte, Norman Clyde, Walter A. Starr, Jr., Jules Eichorn, Glen Dawson, Ansel Adams, and David R. Brower. A number of first ascents in the Sierra Nevada were made on Sierra Club outings. Sierra Club members were also early enthusiasts of rock climbing. In 1911, the first chapter was formed, Angeles, and it began conducting local excursions in the mountains surrounding Los Angeles and throughout the West. Many major innovations in mountaineering have come from Sierra Club members. Norman Clyde and Jules Eichorn, considered among the most famous",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816502",
"text": "\"we are watching a global crisis unfold before our eyes, and to stand aside and let it happen – even though we know how to stop it – would be unconscionable.\" On 13 February 2013, Michael Brune was arrested along with forty-eight people, including civil rights leader Julian Bond and NASA climate scientist James Hansen. In May 2015, the Sierra Club appointed its first black president of the board of directors, Aaron Mair. The Sierra Club endorsed Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. In 1901, William Colby organized the first Sierra Club excursion to Yosemite Valley. The annual",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816486",
"text": "to protect and then preserve Kings Canyon National Park (established in 1940). Historian Stephen Fox notes, \"In the 1930s most of the three thousand members were middle-aged Republicans.\" The New Deal brought many conservationists to the Democratic Party, and many Democrats entered the ranks of conservationists. Leading the generation of Young Turks who revitalized the Sierra Club after World War II were attorneys Richard Leonard and Bestor Robinson, nature photographer Ansel Adams, and David Brower. Adams sponsored Brower for membership in the Club, and he was appointed to the editorial board of the \"Sierra Club Bulletin.\" After World War II",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816487",
"text": "Brower returned to his job with the University of California Press, and began editing the \"Sierra Club Bulletin\" in 1946. In 1950, the Sierra Club had some 7,000 members, mostly on the West Coast. That year the Atlantic chapter became the first formed outside California. An active volunteer board of directors ran the organization, assisted by a small clerical staff. Brower was appointed the first executive director in 1952, and the Club began to catch up with major conservation organizations such as the National Audubon Society, National Wildlife Federation, The Wilderness Society, and Izaak Walton League, which had long had",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816498",
"text": "organization), and assumed the title of chairman, becoming the Club's senior strategist, devoting his time to conservation policy rather than budget planning and administration. After a two-year interlude with Douglas Wheeler, whose Republican credentials were disconcerting to liberal members, the Club hired Michael Fischer, the former head of the California Coastal Commission, who served as executive director from 1987 to 1992. Carl Pope, formerly the Club's legislative director, was named executive director in 1992. In the 1990s, club members Jim Bensman, Roger Clarke, David Dilworth, Chad Hanson and David Orr along with about 2,000 members formed the John Muir Sierrans",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816525",
"text": "The Sierra Club is a partner of America Votes, an organization that coordinates and promotes progressive issues. Donors to the Sierra Club have included David Gelbaum, Michael Bloomberg, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. The Sierra Club has also received funding from the Democracy Alliance and the Tides Foundation Advocacy Fund. In 2015, a PR front group, known as the Environmental Policy Alliance, claimed that the Sierra Club and other U.S. environmental groups received funding from groups with ties to Russia's state-owned oil company. Presidents of the Sierra Club have included:",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816477",
"text": "national level take precedent. In addition to political advocacy, the Sierra Club organizes outdoor recreation activities, and has historically been a notable organization for mountaineering and rock climbing in the United States. Members of the Sierra Club pioneered the Yosemite Decimal System of climbing, and were responsible for a substantial amount of the early development of climbing. Much of this activity occurred in the group's namesake Sierra Nevada. The Sierra Club does not set standards for or regulate alpinism, but it organizes wilderness courses, hikes, and occasional alpine expeditions for members. In California, the club, through its outdoor recreation groups,",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816485",
"text": "and so the Sierra Club lost its first major battle. In retaliation, the Club supported creation of the National Park Service in 1916, to remove the parks from Forest Service oversight. Stephen Mather, a Club member from Chicago and an opponent of the Hetch Hetchy dam, became the first National Park Service director. During the 1920s and 1930s, the Sierra Club functioned as a social and recreational society, conducting outings, maintaining trails and building huts and lodges in the Sierras. Preservation campaigns included a several-year effort to enlarge Sequoia National Park (achieved in 1926) and over three decades of work",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816482",
"text": "president, an office he held until his death in 1914. The Club's first goals included establishing Glacier and Mount Rainier national parks, convincing the California legislature to give Yosemite Valley to the U.S. federal government, and preserving California's coastal redwoods. Muir escorted President Theodore Roosevelt through Yosemite in 1903, and two years later the California legislature ceded Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Grove to the federal government. The Sierra Club won its first lobbying victory with the creation of the country's second national park, after Yellowstone in 1872. In the first decade of the 1900s, the Sierra Club became embroiled in",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816483",
"text": "the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir controversy that divided preservationists from \"resource management\" conservationists. In the late 19th century, the city of San Francisco was rapidly outgrowing its limited water supply, which depended on intermittent local springs and streams. In 1890, San Francisco mayor James D. Phelan proposed to build a dam and aqueduct on the Tuolumne River, one of the largest southern Sierra rivers, as a way to increase and stabilize the city's water supply. Gifford Pinchot, a progressive supporter of public utilities and head of the US Forest Service, which then had jurisdiction over the national parks, supported the creation",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816488",
"text": "professional staff. The Sierra Club secured its national reputation in the battle against the Echo Park Dam in Dinosaur National Monument in Utah, which had been announced by the Bureau of Reclamation in 1950. Brower led the fight, marshaling support from other conservation groups. Brower's background in publishing proved decisive; with the help of publisher Alfred Knopf, \"This Is Dinosaur\" was rushed into press. Invoking the specter of Hetch Hetchy, conservationists effectively lobbied Congress, which deleted the Echo Park dam from the Colorado River project as approved in 1955. Recognition of the Sierra Club's role in the Echo Park dam",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816504",
"text": "members of the club, completed many first ascents of peaks in the Sierra Nevada. Glen Dawson and Royal Robbins, often on trips sponsored and organized by the Rock Climbing Section of the Angeles Chapter, opened up much of the Tahquitz Peak area to climbing, which at the time was said to contain some of the hardest routes in the world. The Yosemite Decimal System, the primary method of rating a route's difficulty used in the United States, was developed into its modern form at Tahquitz. Steve Roper's \"Fifty Classic Climbs of North America\", sponsored and published by the Sierra Club,",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816499",
"text": "(JMS), an internal caucus, to promote changes to club positions. They favored a zero-cut forest policy on public lands and, a few years later, decommissioning Glen Canyon Dam. JMS was successful in changing club positions on both counts. In September 2005, the Sierra Club held its first Sierra Summit in San Francisco. Approximately 1,000 volunteers from around the country, selected by their chapters and groups, were delegates; some nondelegate members also attended. There were seminars and exhibit presentations about current environmental issues and about techniques for more effective activism. Prominent guest speakers included Al Gore; Bill Maher; Robert F. Kennedy,",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816484",
"text": "of the Hetch Hetchy dam. Muir appealed to his friend U.S. President Roosevelt, who would not commit himself against the dam, given its popularity with the people of San Francisco (a referendum in 1908 confirmed a seven-to-one majority in favor of the dam and municipal water). Muir and attorney William Edward Colby began a national campaign against the dam, attracting the support of many eastern conservationists. With the 1912 election of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, who carried San Francisco, supporters of the dam had a friend in the White House. The bill to dam Hetch Hetchy passed Congress in 1913,",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816497",
"text": "establish Redwoods National Park and North Cascades National Park. During the 1970s, McCloskey led the Club's legislative activity—preserving Alaskan lands and eastern wilderness areas, and supporting the new environmental agenda: the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976, the Clean Air Act amendments, and the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, passed during the administration of President Jimmy Carter. The Sierra Club made its first presidential endorsement in 1984 in support of Walter Mondale's unsuccessful campaign to unseat Ronald Reagan. McCloskey resigned as executive director in 1985 after 16-1/2 years (the same length of time Brower had led the",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "18876248",
"text": "Warren Olney Jr. Warren Olney Jr. (October 15, 1870 – March 25, 1939) was an American lawyer who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of California from March 1, 1919, to July 1921. Olney was the second of six children born to Mary Jane Craven (January 30, 1842 – 1928) and Warren Olney Sr. (March 11, 1841 – June 2, 1921), an attorney in San Francisco. Olney Sr. co-founded the Sierra Club in his law office with naturalist John Muir, and others, but was later expelled from the organization because he supported the flooding of Hetch Hetchy",
"title": "Warren Olney Jr."
},
{
"id": "1816479",
"text": "members are eligible to vote. A president is elected annually by the Board from among its members. The Executive Director runs the day-to-day operations of the group. Michael Brune, formerly of Rainforest Action Network, has served as the organization's executive director since 2010. Brune succeeded Carl Pope. Pope stepped down amid discontent that the group had strayed from its core principles. Sierra Club members belong to statewide chapters and local groups. National and local special-interest sections, committees, and task forces address particular issues. The national Sierra Club sets the organization's policy agenda and overarching rules. The club is known for",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "6567022",
"text": "Sierra Club Foundation The Sierra Club Foundation is an American environmental nonprofit. It is affiliated with the Sierra Club. The organization's stated mission is to \"help educate, inspire, and empower humanity to preserve the natural and human environment.\" The Sierra Club Foundation is a public charity based in San Francisco, California and founded in 1960. It provides financial support to the Sierra Club and other environmental organizations. The Sierra Club Foundation funds a range of environmental projects. The organization was founded by John Muir. Members of the organization's board of directors have included Lynn Jurich and Mike Richter. The current",
"title": "Sierra Club Foundation"
},
{
"id": "19067264",
"text": "Aaron Mair Aaron Mair is an epidemiological-spatial analyst, environmentalist, and past president of the Sierra Club, an American environmental organization founded by preservationist John Muir in 1892. He is involved in the environmental justice movement. Mair was elected president of the Sierra Club on May 16, 2015, and served through May 20, 2017. He was the organization's first African American president. He lives in Schenectady, New York and works for the New York State Department of Health. Mair is a graduate of Binghamton University, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in History and Sociology and a certificate in Southwest",
"title": "Aaron Mair"
},
{
"id": "6567023",
"text": "board of directors include Darren Aronofsky, Steven Berkenfield, Marni McKinnney, Doug Walker and Sanjay Ranchod. Sierra Club Foundation The Sierra Club Foundation is an American environmental nonprofit. It is affiliated with the Sierra Club. The organization's stated mission is to \"help educate, inspire, and empower humanity to preserve the natural and human environment.\" The Sierra Club Foundation is a public charity based in San Francisco, California and founded in 1960. It provides financial support to the Sierra Club and other environmental organizations. The Sierra Club Foundation funds a range of environmental projects. The organization was founded by John Muir. Members",
"title": "Sierra Club Foundation"
},
{
"id": "1816521",
"text": "Canada. In 1971, volunteer lawyers who had worked with the Sierra Club established the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund. This was a separate organization that used the \"Sierra Club\" name under license from the Club; it changed its name to Earthjustice in 1997. The Sierra Student Coalition (SSC) is the student-run arm of the Sierra Club. Founded by Adam Werbach in 1991, it has 30,000 members. The Sierra Club Voter Education Fund is a 527 group that became active in the 2004 Presidential election by airing television advertisements about the major party candidates' positions on environmental issues. Through the Environmental",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816505",
"text": "is still considered one of the definitive rock climbing guidebooks in the United States. Due to an increasing focus on political activity and concerns about financial liability, mountaineering activity in the Sierra Club has subsided since the 1980s. Some chapters, mostly in California, continue to maintain large mountaineering programs. The club currently occasionally awards the Francis P. Farquhar Mountaineering Award to outstanding member mountaineers. In World War II, a number of Sierra Club leaders joined the 10th Mountain Division.<ref name=\"http://sierraclub.org/outings\"></ref> Among them was David R. Brower, who managed the High Trip program from 1947 to 1954, while serving as a",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "14097194",
"text": "Bestor Robinson Bestor Robinson (February 9, 1898 - December 9, 1987) was an American mountaineer, environmentalist, attorney and inventor. He was a law partner of Earl Warren, later governor of California and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Robinson was a long-time leader of the Sierra Club. Bestor Robinson was the son of Edward Constant Robinson (originally from Oregon) and Sarah T. Merritt (daughter of James Bestor Merritt). He was born and raised in Oakland, California, at 552 Montclair Street. He attended the University of California, Berkeley (1914–1918) and went on to both Boalt School of",
"title": "Bestor Robinson"
},
{
"id": "4821971",
"text": "he became friends with John Muir and started exploring the Sierra. He became concerned that resource exploitation (such as sheepherding) would ruin the Sierra, so he co-founded the Sierra Club with Muir and others in 1892. He was a director of the Sierra Club from 1892 through 1898. His son, Joseph N. LeConte, was also a noted professor and Sierra Club member. He died of a heart attack in the Yosemite Valley, California, on July 6, 1901, right before the Sierra Club's first High Trip. The Sierra Club built the LeConte Memorial Lodge in his honor in 1904. The Le",
"title": "Joseph LeConte"
},
{
"id": "14097201",
"text": "He was promoted to Lt. Colonel in the U.S. Army. Bestor Robinson Bestor Robinson (February 9, 1898 - December 9, 1987) was an American mountaineer, environmentalist, attorney and inventor. He was a law partner of Earl Warren, later governor of California and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Robinson was a long-time leader of the Sierra Club. Bestor Robinson was the son of Edward Constant Robinson (originally from Oregon) and Sarah T. Merritt (daughter of James Bestor Merritt). He was born and raised in Oakland, California, at 552 Montclair Street. He attended the University of California,",
"title": "Bestor Robinson"
},
{
"id": "14134357",
"text": "half of the War, Leonard fought the Japanese in Burma. He was awarded the Bronze Star. On April 20, 1948, Leonard became a founding director and general counsel for Varian Associates, a pioneering scientific instrument company in what later became known as Silicon Valley. Leonard served on the board of directors of the Sierra Club from 1938 to 1972. He served as president of the Sierra Club from 1953 to 1955. Richard M. Leonard Richard Manning Leonard (October 22, 1908 – July 31, 1993) was an American rock climber, environmentalist and attorney. He served as president of the Sierra Club",
"title": "Richard M. Leonard"
},
{
"id": "1816478",
"text": "is usually considered the state's analogue to other state mountaineering clubs such as Mazamas or the Colorado Mountain Club. The Sierra Club's stated mission is \"To explore, enjoy, and protect the wild places of the earth; To practice and promote the responsible use of the earth's ecosystems and resources; To educate and enlist humanity to protect and restore the quality of the natural and human environment; and to use all lawful means to carry out these objectives.\" The Sierra Club is governed by a 15-member Board of Directors. Each year, five directors are elected to three-year terms, and all club",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816489",
"text": "victory boosted membership from 10,000 in 1956 to 15,000 in 1960. The Sierra Club was now truly a national conservation organization, and preservationists took the offensive with wilderness proposals. The Club's Biennial Wilderness Conferences, launched in 1949 in concert with The Wilderness Society, became an important force in the campaign that secured passage of the Wilderness Act in 1964. In 1960, Brower launched the Exhibit Format book series with \"This Is the American Earth\", and in 1962 \"In Wildness Is the Preservation of the World\", with color photographs by Eliot Porter. These coffee-table books, published by their Sierra Club Books",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "5682743",
"text": "Edgar Wayburn Edgar Wayburn (September 17, 1906 – March 5, 2010) was an environmentalist who was elected president of the Sierra Club five times in the 1960s. One of America's legendary wilderness champions, Dr. Edgar Wayburn was a tenacious and tireless leader of the Sierra Club since the 1940s and perhaps the least-known yet most successful defender of America's natural heritage. In 1995, he was awarded the Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism and in 1999 President Clinton awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Wayburn was a doctor by training but an ardent conservationist at heart. Born in Macon, Georgia,",
"title": "Edgar Wayburn"
},
{
"id": "1816490",
"text": "division, introduced the Sierra Club to a wider audience. Fifty thousand copies were sold in the first four years, and by 1960 sales exceeded $10 million. Soon Brower was publishing two new titles a year in the Exhibit Format series, but not all did as well as \"In Wildness.\" Although the books were successful in introducing the public to wilderness preservation and the Sierra Club, they lost money for the organization, some $60,000 a year after 1964. Financial management became a matter of contention between Brower and his board of directors. The Sierra Club's most publicized crusade of the 1960s",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "2209902",
"text": "David Brower David Ross Brower (; July 1, 1912 – November 5, 2000) was a prominent environmentalist and the founder of many environmental organizations, including the John Muir Institute for Environmental Studies, Friends of the Earth (1969), the League of Conservation Voters, Earth Island Institute (1982), North Cascades Conservation Council, and Fate of the Earth Conferences. From 1952 to 1969, he served as the first Executive Director of the Sierra Club, and served on its board three times: from 1941–1953; 1983–1988; and 1995–2000. As a younger man, he was a prominent mountaineer. Brower was born in Berkeley, California. He was",
"title": "David Brower"
},
{
"id": "6373848",
"text": "a degree in law. In 1868 he and his bride sailed from New York City for San Francisco, California. There he sought and received acceptance in a prestigious law firm. In time he opened his own law office in San Francisco. Loving the high places and magnificent countryside in California he made acquaintance with John Muir, Willis Linn Jepson, and other like minded people. Together they created the Sierra Club. In the beginning the club members met in Olney's law office. He wrote its first charter and served as vice president of the organization. In 1903 Olney became the 34th",
"title": "Warren Olney"
},
{
"id": "1816480",
"text": "engaging in two main activities: promoting and guiding outdoor recreational activities, which is done throughout the United States but primarily in California (especially Southern California), and political activism to promote environmental causes. Richard M. Skinner of the Brookings Institution describes the Sierra Club as one of the United States' \"leading environmental organizations\". The Sierra Club makes endorsements of individual candidates for elected office, which has substantial weight given the club's reputation and large membership. Journalist Robert Underwood Johnson had worked with John Muir on the successful campaign to create a large Yosemite National Park surrounding the much smaller state park",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816520",
"text": "areas? Or are they actually committed to fighting climate change by providing enough housing for Californians in low-carbon, infill areas? Because their opposition to SB 827 unfortunately indicates more of the former than the latter.\" The Sierra Club Foundation was founded in 1960 by David R. Brower. A 501(c)(3) organization, it was founded after the Internal Revenue Service revoked the Sierra Club's tax-exempt status due to the group's political activities. The Sierra Club added its first Canadian chapter in 1963 and in 1989 opened a national office in Ottawa. Canadian affiliates of the Sierra Club operate under the Sierra Club",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "8221428",
"text": "William Edward Colby William Edward Colby (May 28, 1875 – November 9, 1964) was an American lawyer, conservationist, and first Secretary of the Sierra Club. William Colby was born in Benicia, California and was brought up by his aunt after being orphaned at the age of six. He received his law degree from Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco, and his legal practice specialized in forestry and mining issues. In 1937, he received an Honorary Degree from Mills College, then a women's college, in Oakland, California. Colby joined the Sierra Club in 1898, the year of his graduation",
"title": "William Edward Colby"
},
{
"id": "1697773",
"text": "Muir died at California Hospital (now California Hospital Medical Center) in Los Angeles on December 24, 1914, of pneumonia at age 76, after a brief visit to Daggett, California, to see his daughter Helen Muir Funk. His grandson Ross Hanna lived until 2014, when he died at age 91. During his lifetime John Muir published over 300 articles and 12 books. He co-founded the Sierra Club, which helped establish a number of national parks after he died. Today the club has over 2.4 million members. Muir has been called the \"patron saint of the American wilderness\" and its \"archetypal free",
"title": "John Muir"
},
{
"id": "1816513",
"text": "the Sierra Club have charged that the efforts of some club members to restrain immigration, are a continuation of aspects of human population control and the eugenics movement. In 1969, the Sierra Club published Paul R. Ehrlich's book, \"The Population Bomb\", in which he said that population growth was responsible for environmental decline and advocated coercive measures to reduce it. Some observers have argued that the book had a \"racial dimension\" in the tradition of the Eugenics movement, and that it \"reiterated many of Osborn's jeremiads.\" During the 1980s, some Sierra Club members, including Paul Ehrlich's wife Anne, wanted to",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "17130455",
"text": "is undertaken by the federal government. When such a project is determined to have significant effects on the human environment, an environmental impact statement (EIS) is required. An EIS for a proposed project outlines in detail the proposed actions, alternative actions (including no action), and their probable environmental ramifications. The environmental impact statements must cover plausible bases, which are generally determined by the rule of reason. The Sierra Club was the major petitioner in this case. It was founded in 1892 by John Muir in San Francisco, California, and is one of America's oldest, largest, and most influential grassroots environmental",
"title": "Sierra Club v. Babbitt"
},
{
"id": "7428580",
"text": "Willis Linn Jepson Willis Linn Jepson (August 19, 1867 in Little Oak Ranch, near Vacaville, California – November 7, 1946 in Berkeley, California) is known as California's most distinguished early botanist. He graduated from the University of California in 1889, and became a UC professor in botany, a botanical writer, and a conservationist. Jepson became interested in botany as a boy and explored the adjacent San Francisco Bay Area regions. He had come in contact with various botanists before he entered college. In 1892, Jepson was 25 years old when he, John Muir, and Warren Olney formed the Sierra Club,",
"title": "Willis Linn Jepson"
},
{
"id": "1306245",
"text": "and mountains in the northeastern United States. The Scottish-born, American naturalist John Muir (1838 –1914), was another important early advocate of the preservation of wilderness in the United States. He petitioned the U.S. Congress for the National Park bill that was passed in 1890, establishing Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks. The Sierra Club, which he founded, is now one of the most important conservation organizations in the United States. The spiritual quality and enthusiasm toward nature expressed in his writings inspired others, including presidents and congressmen, to take action to help preserve large areas of undeveloped countryside. He is today",
"title": "Hiking"
},
{
"id": "9107563",
"text": "George Marshall (conservationist) George Marshall (February 11, 1904 – May 15, 2000) was an American economist, political activist, and conservationist. He was an early leader of The Wilderness Society and later the Sierra Club. George Marshall was the son of Louis Marshall, noted constitutional lawyer and co-founder of the American Jewish Committee, and Florence Lowenstein. George grew up in Manhattan with his sister Ruth and brothers James and Bob. All four children attended Felix Adler's Ethical Culture School. Marshall continued his education at Columbia University, where he earned bachelor's and master's degrees. This was followed in 1930 by a PhD",
"title": "George Marshall (conservationist)"
},
{
"id": "1816496",
"text": "to Brower, charging him with financial recklessness and insubordination and calling for his ouster as executive director. The board voted ten to five to accept Brower's resignation. Eventually reconciled with the Club, Brower was elected to the board of directors for a term from 1983 to 1988, and again from 1995 to 2000. Michael McCloskey, hired by Brower in 1961 as the Club's first northwest field representative, became the Club's second executive director in 1969. An administrator attentive to detail, McCloskey had set up the Club's conservation department in 1965 and guided the campaigns to save the Grand Canyon and",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816501",
"text": "over 25 million US dollars in donations from the gas industry, mostly from Aubrey McClendon, CEO of Chesapeake Energy, one of the biggest gas drilling companies in the US and a firm heavily involved in fracking. In November 2011, Sierra Club chairman Carl Pope stepped down amid discontent about the Clorox deal and other issues. In January 2013, executive director Michael Brune announced that the Sierra Club would officially participate in the first civil disobedience action in its 120-year history as part of the ongoing protest calling on the Obama administration to reject the Keystone XL tar sands pipeline, stating,",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "1816492",
"text": "investigation. The board had taken the precaution of setting up the Sierra Club Foundation as a (c)(3) organization in 1960 for endowments and contributions for educational and other non-lobbying activities. Even so, contributions to the Club dropped off, aggravating its annual operating deficits. Membership, however, climbed sharply in response to the investigation into the legitimacy of the society's tax status by the IRS from 30,000 in 1965 to 57,000 in 1967 and 75,000 in 1969. The victory over the dam projects and challenges from the IRS did not come without costs. To make up for the power that would have",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "20373217",
"text": "Edith Jordan Gardner Edith Monica Jordan Gardner (February 17, 1877 – June 16, 1965) was an American educator and activist. She was president of the Southern California Social Science Association, Town and Gown Club, Cornell Women's Club of Northern California, Stanford Woman's Club, and the University of California branch of the Equal Suffrage League, among others. She was the head of the History Department at the John H. Francis Polytechnic High School, chairman of the Department of Legislation Oakland Forum, and one of the earliest members of the Sierra Club. Edith Monica Jordan Gardner was born on February 17, 1877,",
"title": "Edith Jordan Gardner"
},
{
"id": "1816476",
"text": "warming, and opposing the use of coal. The club is known for its political endorsements, which are often sought after by candidates in local elections; it generally supports liberal and progressive candidates in elections. The Sierra Club is organized on both a national and local level. The club is divided into large chapters representing large geographic areas, some of which have tens of thousands of members. These chapters are divided into regional groups, and special interest sections, committees, and task forces. While much activity is coordinated at a local level, the Club is a unified organization; decisions made at the",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "17130456",
"text": "organizations. The Sierra Club's mission is to explore, enjoy, and protect the wild places of the earth; to practice and promote the responsible use of the earth's ecosystems and resources; to educate and enlist humanity to protect and restore the quality of the natural and human environment; and to use all lawful means to carry out those objectives. The FWS was the major respondent of this case. It is a federal government agency within the United States Department of the Interior dedicated to the management of fish, wildlife, and natural habitats. The mission of the agency is \"working with others",
"title": "Sierra Club v. Babbitt"
},
{
"id": "1816495",
"text": "board of directors voted to support PG&E's plan for the power plant. A membership referendum in 1967 upheld the board's decision. But Brower concluded that nuclear power at any location was a mistake, and he voiced his opposition to the plant, contrary to the Club's official policy. As pro- and anti-Brower factions polarized, the annual election of new directors reflected the conflict. Brower's supporters won a majority in 1968, but in the April 1969 election the anti-Brower candidates won all five open positions. Ansel Adams and president Richard Leonard, two of his closest friends on the board, led the opposition",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "9611377",
"text": "married on May 12, 1906. Their only child Francis was an All-American for the USC football team in 1929. Tappaan was a longtime official of the Sierra Club, serving as its fifth president, from 1922 to 1924, and on the board of directors from 1912 until his death. At the time of Tappaan's death, Sierra Club members were organizing to build a ski lodge on Donner Pass in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of Northern California. One Lodge founder, Lewis Clark, said in about 1989 that they named the yet-unnamed lodge after Tappaan to use his popularity to help with fundraising.",
"title": "Clair S. Tappaan"
},
{
"id": "6308800",
"text": "Theodore Solomons Theodore Seixas Solomons (1870–1947) was an explorer and early member of the Sierra Club. From 1892 to 1897 he explored and named the Mount Goddard, Evolution Valley and Evolution Basin region in what is now northern Kings Canyon National Park in eastern California. He was instrumental in envisioning, exploring, and establishing the route of what became the John Muir Trail from Yosemite Valley along the crest of the Sierra Nevada to Mount Whitney He was born in San Francisco, California on July 20, 1870, the second son and the fifth of seven children of Hannah Marks, an influential",
"title": "Theodore Solomons"
},
{
"id": "13574005",
"text": "to establish the Sierra Club, an organization designed to protect America's natural resources and public parks. Early Americans recognized the importance of natural resources and the necessity of wilderness preservation for sustained yield harvesting of natural resources. In essence, the preservation of wilderness and landscapes were recognized as critical for future generations and their continued subsistence in a healthy environment. The foundation of the conservation movement is grounded during this period between 1850 and 1920. Ultimately, historical trends and cultural mind-sets were united, which influenced ideas and policy towards the early history of the conservation movement in the United States.",
"title": "Conservation in the United States"
},
{
"id": "8328644",
"text": "Supreme Court supporting the Secretary. Lewis F. Powell, Jr. and Associate Attorney General William Rehnquist, whom both joined the Court on January 7, 1972, did not participate in the case. On April 19, 1972 the Supreme Court affirmed 4-3. Writing for the Court, Justice Potter Stewart, joined by Justices Byron White, Thurgood Marshall, and Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, agreed with the Ninth Circuit that the Sierra Club had not alleged any legal interest in the case. Because the Constitution's Case or Controversy Clause prohibits advisory opinions, the Court reasons that the legal wrongs protected by the Administrative Procedure Act",
"title": "Sierra Club v. Morton"
},
{
"id": "14134354",
"text": "Richard M. Leonard Richard Manning Leonard (October 22, 1908 – July 31, 1993) was an American rock climber, environmentalist and attorney. He served as president of the Sierra Club and the Save the Redwoods League, and was active in the Wilderness Society and the American Alpine Club. Leonard was born in Elyria, Ohio and graduated from the University of California, Berkeley and also received his law degree from the University of California. On March 13, 1932, Leonard formed the Cragmont Climbing Club in Berkeley, California with Jules Eichorn, Bestor Robinson and several others. Leonard took a systematic, experimental approach to",
"title": "Richard M. Leonard"
},
{
"id": "15298849",
"text": "Environmental revolution The environmental revolution is the ongoing process of switching from pollution-causing and climate-changing technology to efficient and clean technology. The environmental revolution follows other technological revolutions such as the Industrial Revolution and the Digital Revolution. The environmental movement has its roots in the 19th century. Robert Underwood Johnson and John Muir founded the Sierra Club in 1892 after successfully lobbying Congress to create Yosemite National Park. The modern environmental movement began in the mid-to-late 1960s. Environmental problems had been illustrated in books such as Silent Spring and there was a back-to-the-land movement, closely associated with the Hippie movement",
"title": "Environmental revolution"
},
{
"id": "5662109",
"text": "Club Board of Directors from 1898 through 1940, and at various times was VP, secretary, treasurer, and outings chair. In 1901 he married Helen Gompertz, whom he met in the Sierra Club. LeConte Point in Hetch Hetchy Valley is named after him. Joseph Nisbet LeConte Joseph Nisbet LeConte (February 7, 1870 – February 1, 1950) was a noted explorer of the Sierra Nevada. He was also a cartographer, a photographer and a professor of mechanical engineering. Joseph Nisbet LeConte was born in Oakland, California to Joseph and Caroline (Nisbet) LeConte. He went by \"Little Joe\" among friends, because he was",
"title": "Joseph Nisbet LeConte"
},
{
"id": "10698542",
"text": "Club named their new lodge after her in 1930. The peak east of Mount San Antonio, Mount Harwood, was also named in her honor, and recognized by the USGS in 1965. Harwood Court at Pomona College, and her namesake scholarship at Mills College, still bear her family name. Aurelia Harwood Aurelia Squire Harwood (September 1865 – June 1928), daughter of the wealthy Harwood family of Ontario, California, was a conservationist, educator, and first female President of the Sierra Club in 1927 and 1928. In addition to her terms as President, she simultaneously sat on the Angeles Chapter's Executive Committee, and",
"title": "Aurelia Harwood"
},
{
"id": "12145774",
"text": "for dispensing food out of a group pot, as well as a personal bowl/plate. Sierra cups have been in use since the early part of the 20th century, perhaps as early as 1905. A 1940 \"Sierra Club Bulletin article\" has pictures of sierra cup use in the wilderness dated as early as 1931. Sierra cup A Sierra cup (originally called a Sierra Club Cup) is a cup used for camping or Backpacking. Sierra cups are wider at the top than bottom, allowing for stacking. They typically have a fixed wire handle that is formed into a hook for attaching the",
"title": "Sierra cup"
},
{
"id": "1697713",
"text": "John Muir John Muir (; April 21, 1838 – December 24, 1914) also known as \"John of the Mountains\" and \"Father of the National Parks\", was an influential Scottish-American naturalist, author, environmental philosopher, glaciologist, and early advocate for the preservation of wilderness in the United States of America. His letters, essays, and books describing his adventures in nature, especially in the Sierra Nevada, have been read by millions. His activism has helped to preserve the Yosemite Valley, Sequoia National Park and many other wilderness areas. The Sierra Club, which he co-founded, is a prominent American conservation organization. The John Muir",
"title": "John Muir"
},
{
"id": "7992271",
"text": "Carl Pope (environmentalist) Carl Pope is the former Executive Director of the Sierra Club, an American environmental organization founded by conservationist John Muir in 1892. Pope was appointed to his position as Executive Director in 1992, and served until January 20, 2010, when he was succeeded by Michael Brune. Pope then served as chairman of the Sierra Club until stepping down from that position in November 2011. Pope had worked with the Sierra Club for more than 30 years, and has served as a board member for other organizations, including the National Clean Air Coalition, California Common Cause, and Public",
"title": "Carl Pope (environmentalist)"
},
{
"id": "6903119",
"text": "powerful than the first one. Among the opposers were Jim Bohlen, a veteran who had served in the U.S. Navy during the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and Irving Stowe and Dorothy Stowe, a Quaker couple. As members of the Sierra Club they were frustrated in the lack of action by the organization. In October 1969, Bohlen and the Stowes started meeting at a church basement, calling themselves the Don't Make a Wave Committee and planning anti-nuclear protests. From Irving Stowe, Bohlen learned a form of passive resistance, \"bearing witness\", where objectionable activity is protested by mere presence. Jim Bohlen's",
"title": "Don't Make a Wave Committee"
},
{
"id": "132052",
"text": "damming of the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite in order to provide water to the city of San Francisco. Roosevelt and Pinchot supported the dam, as did President Woodrow Wilson. The Hetch Hetchy dam was finished in 1923 and is still in operation, but the Sierra Club still wants to tear it down. Other influential conservationists of the Progressive Era included George Bird Grinnell (a prominent sportsmen who founded the Boone and Crockett Club), the Izaak Walton League and John Muir, the founder of the Sierra Club in 1892. Conservationists organized the National Parks Conservation Association, the Audubon Society, and",
"title": "Environmental movement in the United States"
},
{
"id": "7151881",
"text": "Yosemite National Park in the California in 1890. In 1889, Johnson also encouraged Muir to \"start an association\" to help protect the Sierra Nevada, inspiring the formation of the Sierra Club in 1892. He married Katharine McMahon. They had a son, Owen McMahon Johnson (1878 - 1952), who became an American writer in his own right. In the 1890s, Johnson and his wife Katharine became very close friends with the inventor Nikola Tesla. Johnson became noted early for his work on international copyright. As secretary of the American Copyright League, he helped get the Law of 1891 passed, for which",
"title": "Robert Underwood Johnson"
},
{
"id": "8983175",
"text": "An avid participant in cross country skiing and snow-shoeing, he established the Sierra Ski Club in the early 1920s with his brother Lincoln Hutchinson and William Colby, Joseph N. LeConte, Duncan McDuffie and others. They built a lodge at Norden near Donner Pass, which that small club used for nearly 30 years. In 1955, its members all elderly, the Sierra Ski Club was disbanded, and its lodge and land holdings were donated to the Sierra Club. The lodge was renamed Hutchinson Lodge after the brothers, and is still in operation as of 2010. His career as an attorney in San",
"title": "James S. Hutchinson"
},
{
"id": "1697740",
"text": "the Proposed National Park\", both published in 1890. But to Muir's dismay, the bill left Yosemite Valley under state control, as it had been since the 1860s. In early 1892, Professor Henry Senger, a philologist at the University of California, Berkeley, contacted Muir with the idea of forming a local 'alpine club' for mountain lovers. Senger and San Francisco attorney Warren Olney sent out invitations \"for the purpose of forming a 'Sierra Club.' Mr. John Muir will preside.\" On May 28, 1892, the first meeting of the Sierra Club was held to write articles of incorporation. One week later Muir",
"title": "John Muir"
},
{
"id": "8920546",
"text": "Adam Werbach Adam Werbach, is an environmental activist, author, and entrepreneur. In 1996, Werbach became the youngest person ever elected as national president of the Sierra Club, at the age of 23. He is the author of the books \"Act Now, Apologize Later\" (Harper Perennial, 1997) and \"Strategy for Sustainability: A Business Manifesto\" (Harvard Business Press, 2010) Werbach is a frequent contributor to \"The Atlantic\", serving as the magazine's online \"sustainability expert.\" A lifelong Californian, Werbach began donating to Greenpeace at age 13. He spent four months at The Mountain School, a semester school for high school juniors in Vermont.",
"title": "Adam Werbach"
},
{
"id": "1816500",
"text": "Jr.; and Arianna Huffington. In 2008, several Sierra Club officers quit in protest after the Sierra Club agreed to promote products by Clorox, which had been named one of a \"dangerous dozen\" chemical companies by the Public Interest Research Group in 2004. According to Carl Pope, the Sierra Club chairman, the deal brought the Club 1.3 million US dollars over the four-year term of the contract. Also in 2008, the Sierra Club endorsed Senator Barack Obama for President, citing \"his strong record of support for clean air, wetlands protection, and clean energy.\" Between 2007 and 2010, the Sierra Club accepted",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "6373851",
"text": "J. Lee Rankin was chosen instead. His great-grandson, Warren Olney IV is a noted Los Angeles-based broadcast journalist. Warren Olney Warren Olney, Sr. (March 11, 1841 – June 2, 1921) was an American lawyer, conservationist, and politician, in California. He was a founding member of the Sierra Club. From 1903 to 1905 he served as the 34th Mayor of Oakland, California. Olney was born near the Fox River in frontier Iowa and was raised in abject poverty and with little formal schooling. His family moved often and his education up to the age of 10 consisted of brief stints in",
"title": "Warren Olney"
},
{
"id": "6903120",
"text": "wife Marie came up with the idea to sail to Amchitka, inspired by the anti-nuclear voyages of Albert Bigelow in 1958. The idea ended up in the press and was linked to The Sierra Club. The Sierra Club did not like this connection and in 1970 Jim and Marie Bohlen, Irving and Dorothy Stowe and Paul Cote, a law student and peace activist established The \"Don't Make a Wave Committee\", working independently of The Sierra Club. Early meetings were held in the Shaughnessy home of Robert and Bobbi Hunter. The first office was opened in a back-room of a storefront",
"title": "Don't Make a Wave Committee"
},
{
"id": "5906132",
"text": "into partnership, managing his fruit ranch. Muir and his wife, Louisa, moved into the house in 1890, and he lived there until his death in 1914. While living here, Muir realized many of his greatest accomplishments, co-founding and serving as the first president of the Sierra Club, in the wake of his battle to prevent Yosemite National Park's Hetch Hetchy Valley from being dammed, playing a prominent role in the creation of several national parks, writing hundreds of newspaper and magazine articles and several books expounding on the virtues of conservation and the natural world, and laying the foundations for",
"title": "John Muir National Historic Site"
},
{
"id": "2209917",
"text": "his family's California farm had been forced to leave. Brower founded Friends of the Earth (FOE) in 1969, soon after resigning as executive director of the Sierra Club. The move came during a burst of public environmental concern generated by the first Earth Day in April 1970. FOE also benefited from the publicity generated by a series of articles in \"The New Yorker\" by John McPhee, later published as \"Encounters with the Archdruid\", which recounted Brower's confrontations with a geologist and mining engineer, a resort developer, and Floyd Dominy, the director of the Bureau of Reclamation. Brower so enjoyed being",
"title": "David Brower"
},
{
"id": "1816517",
"text": "restore the stance previously held. Groups outside of the Club became involved, such as the Southern Poverty Law Center and MoveOn. Of the three candidates, two (Frank Morris and David Pimentel), were on the board of the anti-immigration group Diversity Alliance for a Sustainable America and two (Richard Lamm and Frank Morris) were on the board of directors or the board of advisors of the Federation for American Immigration Reform; both had also held leadership positions within the NAACP. Their candidacies were denounced by a fourth candidate, Morris Dees of the SPLC, as a \"hostile takeover\" attempt by \"radical anti-immigrant",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "13650857",
"text": "family to Carthage, fifteen miles away from Joplin. He had also served in the 30th Iowa Volunteer Infantry as a lieutenant in the Civil War. Her mother, Anna Cynthia Gray, was a daughter of Elisha Burritt Gray and Margaretta Rachel McDowell. She was a great granddaughter of the Rev. Mr. Blackleach Burritt and a descendant of Governor Thomas Welles and Rev. John Lothropp. Her sister, Margaretta Josephine Gray was married to Henry Seymour Church and they were the parents of Katherine Gray Church who married Theodore Solomons (1870–1947) an explorer and early member of the Sierra Club. Emily wrote the",
"title": "Emily Newell Blair"
},
{
"id": "608470",
"text": "Carson, was the first American to see Lake Tahoe. The Frémont party camped at . The California Gold Rush began at Sutter's Mill, near Coloma, in the western foothills of the Sierra. On January 24, 1848, James W. Marshall, a foreman working for Sacramento pioneer John Sutter, found shiny metal in the tailrace of a lumber mill Marshall was building for Sutter on the American River. Rumors soon started to spread and were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan strode through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold,",
"title": "Sierra Nevada (U.S.)"
},
{
"id": "8328640",
"text": "parking structure and a cog-assisted railroad to ultimately take visitors into the valley. Walt Disney began personally buying private property around Mineral King through Retlaw Enterprises and, after contributing heavily in the California gubernatorial election, 1966, received a personal promise from Ronald Reagan that the state would fund the highway. Skeptical economists doubted the project would yield a positive net present value. Disney’s master plan attracted national media attention from Harper's Magazine as well as consistent, critical coverage by The New York Times. Michael McCloskey had just ousted David Brower as executive director of the Sierra Club and, emboldened by",
"title": "Sierra Club v. Morton"
},
{
"id": "13331397",
"text": "by the Yolla Bolly Press run by Jim and Carolyn Robertson in Covelo, California. The program continued for two decades after 1994, first under Peter Beren, the former marketing director, then under Helen Sweetland, the former children's books editor. The press closed in 2014. The Club continues to publish the \"Sierra Club Wilderness Calendar\" and the \"Sierra Club Engagement Calendar\" annually, which are perennial bestsellers. They are distributed to the book trade by Publishers Group West. Sierra Club Books Sierra Club Books was the publishing division of the Sierra Club, founded in 1960 by then Sierra Club President David Brower.",
"title": "Sierra Club Books"
},
{
"id": "5239395",
"text": "in the Club meant that a person had already achieved a great deal in the world of mountaineering. Today, the AAC has no prerequisites for membership. Another notable founding member is naturalist, prolific writer, and Sierra Club co-founder John Muir, who is considered by many to be the founder of the wilderness preservation movement. Muir also served as the Club’s second president, and was instrumental in bringing the AAC to a central role in environmental conservation in the United States. Lyman Spitzer, noted theoretical physicist and astronomer was a member of the club. In 1965, Spitzer and Donald Morton became",
"title": "American Alpine Club"
},
{
"id": "13331396",
"text": "a year after 1964. Paperback reprints of many of the Exhibit Format books were published by Ballantine Books. After David Brower left the Club, the books program moved to New York City, then back to San Francisco under the leadership of Jon Beckmann. During Beckmann's tenure from the mid-1970s until 1994 the program expanded and diversified considerably, publishing books by established and emerging authors such as Wendell Berry, Robert Bly, Galen Rowell, and David Rains Wallace as well as field guides, fiction, poetry, and books on environmental activism, such as the Sierra Club Battlebooks. Many Sierra Club books were produced",
"title": "Sierra Club Books"
},
{
"id": "16136772",
"text": "gray tones on the walls. The walls were covered with reproductions and original works “by the avant-garde artists of Paris.” One of his more successful students, the painter Jennie V. Cannon, published reviews of his exhibitions and several short biographies which described a quiet, serious and, compassionate teacher with steadfast principles. Brown was an accomplished mountain climber and benefited from Stanford’s proximity to the Sierra Nevada range, mostly famously explored by John Muir (1838–1914), founder of the Sierra Club, of which Brown was a charter member. Brown was the first to record climbing a group of peaks in the Sierras",
"title": "Bolton Brown"
},
{
"id": "6308806",
"text": "in Los Angeles, California on May 27, 1947. Mount Solomons (13016') is named after him as well as the long-distance trail the Theodore Solomons Trail. Theodore Solomons Theodore Seixas Solomons (1870–1947) was an explorer and early member of the Sierra Club. From 1892 to 1897 he explored and named the Mount Goddard, Evolution Valley and Evolution Basin region in what is now northern Kings Canyon National Park in eastern California. He was instrumental in envisioning, exploring, and establishing the route of what became the John Muir Trail from Yosemite Valley along the crest of the Sierra Nevada to Mount Whitney",
"title": "Theodore Solomons"
},
{
"id": "1816518",
"text": "activists.\" The immigration reduction proponents won 7% of all votes cast in the election. In 2005, members voted 102,455 to 19,898 against a proposed change to \"recognize the need to adopt lower limits on migration to the United States.\" With the increased number of progressive activists joining the club in recent years, the Sierra Club has dramatically shifted its stance on immigration further towards the affirmative. Today, the Sierra Club supports a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, opposes a border wall and works with immigrant groups to promote environmental justice. The Sierra Club has come under criticism for opposing",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "2526962",
"text": "Economics from Columbia University’s Business School. After receiving his M.S., Mander worked in advertising for 15 years, including five as partner and president of Freeman, Mander & Gossage in San Francisco. Mander worked with the noted environmentalist, David Brower, managing the Sierra Club's advertising campaigns to prevent the construction of dams in the Grand Canyon, to establish Redwood National Park, and to stop the U.S. Supersonic Transport (SST) project. In 1971 he founded the first non-profit advertising agency in the United States, Public Interest Communications. Mander served as the executive director of the International Forum on Globalization, which he founded",
"title": "Jerry Mander"
},
{
"id": "8920557",
"text": "is married to Lyn Merrill Werbach. They have three children Mila, Pearl, and Simon. Official Website Adam Werbach Adam Werbach, is an environmental activist, author, and entrepreneur. In 1996, Werbach became the youngest person ever elected as national president of the Sierra Club, at the age of 23. He is the author of the books \"Act Now, Apologize Later\" (Harper Perennial, 1997) and \"Strategy for Sustainability: A Business Manifesto\" (Harvard Business Press, 2010) Werbach is a frequent contributor to \"The Atlantic\", serving as the magazine's online \"sustainability expert.\" A lifelong Californian, Werbach began donating to Greenpeace at age 13. He",
"title": "Adam Werbach"
},
{
"id": "12145772",
"text": "Sierra cup A Sierra cup (originally called a Sierra Club Cup) is a cup used for camping or Backpacking. Sierra cups are wider at the top than bottom, allowing for stacking. They typically have a fixed wire handle that is formed into a hook for attaching the cup to a belt. Some products, which use the name \"sierra cup,\" have straight handles or handles that can fold away or be removed to save storage space. The cup is normally made of stainless steel, although other materials such as aluminum, titanium, and plastic have also been used. While metal sierra cups",
"title": "Sierra cup"
},
{
"id": "3273474",
"text": "Sierra Nevada Brewing Company Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. was established in 1979 by homebrewers Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi in Chico, California, United States. Sierra Nevada Brewing is one of the top breweries operating in the United States. As of 2016, it is the seventh-largest brewing company in the United States. The brewery produced in 2010. The brewery was named \"Green Business of the Year\" by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 2010 for its practices in sustainability. Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. was founded in 1979, with founders Ken Grossman and Paul Camusi expanding their homebrewing hobby into a",
"title": "Sierra Nevada Brewing Company"
},
{
"id": "14138686",
"text": "only two or three minutes. The primitive, often brutal struggle to reach its top is an irresistible challenge to our built-in need for adventure.\" Siri served on the board of directors of the Sierra Club from 1956 to 1974. He served as president of the Sierra Club from 1964 to 1966. He was the winner of the Sierra Club's Francis P. Farquhar Mountaineering Award for 1979. Siri died of pneumonia at his home in Berkeley, California after suffering from Alzheimer's disease for a decade. William Siri William (Will) E. Siri (January 2, 1919 – August 24, 2004) was an American",
"title": "William Siri"
},
{
"id": "6373841",
"text": "Warren Olney Warren Olney, Sr. (March 11, 1841 – June 2, 1921) was an American lawyer, conservationist, and politician, in California. He was a founding member of the Sierra Club. From 1903 to 1905 he served as the 34th Mayor of Oakland, California. Olney was born near the Fox River in frontier Iowa and was raised in abject poverty and with little formal schooling. His family moved often and his education up to the age of 10 consisted of brief stints in log or early frame school houses and from his father who had only briefly attended school himself. Typical",
"title": "Warren Olney"
},
{
"id": "1862327",
"text": "sake, and founder of the Sierra Club. Muir, based in California, in 1889 started organizing support to preserve the sequoias in the Yosemite Valley; Congress did pass the Yosemite National Park bill (1890). In 1897 President Grover Cleveland created thirteen protected forests but lumber interests had Congress cancel the move. Muir, taking the persona of an Old Testament prophet, crusaded against the lumberman, portraying it as a contest \"between landscape righteousness and the devil\". A master publicist, Muir's magazine articles, in \"Harper's Weekly\" (June 5, 1897) and the \"Atlantic Monthly\" turned the tide of public sentiment. He mobilized public opinion",
"title": "American frontier"
},
{
"id": "8221432",
"text": "Foundation from 1960 until his death. Colby died at home in Big Sur, California on November 9, 1964. In 1965, the Sierra Club re-dedicated the reading room and library in its San Francisco headquarters as the William E. Colby Memorial Library. The Sierra Club annually awards the William E. Colby Award to those it feels have given great service to the environment. William Edward Colby William Edward Colby (May 28, 1875 – November 9, 1964) was an American lawyer, conservationist, and first Secretary of the Sierra Club. William Colby was born in Benicia, California and was brought up by his",
"title": "William Edward Colby"
},
{
"id": "2084284",
"text": "Paul Watson Paul Franklin Watson (born December 2, 1950) is a Canadian-American marine wildlife conservation and environmental activist, who founded the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, an anti-poaching and direct action group focused on marine conservation and marine conservation activism; a group accused of Eco-terrorism by both the Japanese government and Greenpeace.. He is a citizen of Canada and the United States. The Toronto native joined a Sierra Club protest against nuclear testing in 1969. He was an early and influential member of Greenpeace, crewed and skippered for it and a founding board member in 1972. He has been credited by",
"title": "Paul Watson"
},
{
"id": "1816512",
"text": "and the United Steelworkers. In 2012, the Laborers' International Union of North America left the coalition due to the Sierra Club and other environmental groups' opposition to the Keystone Pipeline. Immigration was historically among the most divisive issues within the club. In 1996, after years of debate, the Sierra Club adopted a neutral position on immigration levels. As the club has shifted to the left over the years, this position was amended in 2013 to support \"an equitable path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants\". Although the position of the Sierra Club has generally been favorable towards immigration, some critics of",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "6068316",
"text": "Sierra Club when the Internal Revenue Service abruptly ended the Club's tax-exempt status in 1966. That move had the quite unintended effect of turning Sierra Club into the nationally known organization it remains and vastly increasing its membership. Sive subsequently served on the Club's Board of Directors. Sive was a founder of Environmental Advocates of New York, a contributing founder of Friends of the Earth, a member of the board of directors of the Hudson Valley Institute and Scenic Hudson, New York Lawyers for the Public Interest, while serving on the board of directors of the Association of the Bar",
"title": "David Sive"
},
{
"id": "1816522",
"text": "Voter Education Campaign (EVEC), the Club sought to mobilize volunteers for phone banking, door-to-door canvassing and postcard writing to emphasize these issues in the campaign. The organization maintains a publishing imprint, Sierra Club Books, publishing books on environmental issues, wilderness photographic essays, nature guides, and other related subjects. They publish the Sierra Club Calendars, perennial bestsellers, featuring photographs by well-known nature photographers such as Galen Rowell. They also publish the John Muir library, which includes many of their founder's titles. The Wilderness Travel Course is a basic mountaineering class that is administered by the Sierra Club. The Sierra Club's annual",
"title": "Sierra Club"
},
{
"id": "14211180",
"text": "top environmental story of that year. Brune is a regular contributor to the \"Huffington Post\", a progressive website founded by Arianna Huffington, as well as Daily Kos. In 2008 he published a book called \"Coming Clean -- Breaking America's Addiction to Oil and Coal\". In 2014 Brune was confirmed as the Hillary Institute of International Leadership's Hillary Laureate in recognition of his work on climate change issues. He was then awarded, jointly with Amazon Watch's Atossa Soltani, the four yearly Hillary Step prize. Michael Brune Michael Brune is the executive director of the Sierra Club, an American environmental organization founded",
"title": "Michael Brune"
},
{
"id": "560581",
"text": "went on to set up the Sierra Club in 1892. The conservationist principles as well as the belief in an inherent right of nature were to become the bedrock of modern environmentalism. However, the early movement in the U.S. developed with a contradiction; preservationists like John Muir wanted land and nature set aside for its own sake, and conservationists, such as Gifford Pinchot (appointed as the first Chief of the US Forest Service from 1905-1910), wanted to manage natural resources for human use. In the 20th century, environmental ideas continued to grow in popularity and recognition. Efforts were beginning to",
"title": "Environmental movement"
},
{
"id": "885874",
"text": "his lifetime and served as a director, as did his wife. He was first elected to the Sierra Club's board of directors in 1934 and served on the board for 37 years until 1971. Adams participated in the club's annual High Trips and was later responsible for several first ascents in the Sierra Nevada. During his twenties, most of his friends had musical associations, particularly violinist and amateur photographer Cedric Wright, who became his best friend as well as his philosophical and cultural mentor. Their shared philosophy was from Edward Carpenter's \"Towards Democracy\", a literary work which endorsed the pursuit",
"title": "Ansel Adams"
},
{
"id": "632964",
"text": "late 1995, the anticipation for the game was high. Although nearly one million copies were sold when the game was first released in August 1995, making it the bestselling Sierra adventure game created, the game received mixed reviews from industry critics. In February 1996, early e-commerce pioneer CUC International, seeking to expand into interactive entertainment, offered to buy Sierra at a price of about $1.5 billion.. Walter Forbes, the CEO of CUC International, and a member of Sierra's own Board of Directors since 1991, surprised Ken with the deal after a board meeting. After negotiating terms which Ken felt would",
"title": "Sierra Entertainment"
},
{
"id": "1816516",
"text": "as \"SUSPS\" – a name originally derived from \"Sierrans for U.S. Population Stabilization\", which now stands for \"Support U.S. Population Stabilization.\" SUSPS advocates a return to the Sierra Club's \"traditional\" (1970–1996) immigration policy stance. SUSPS has called for fully closing the borders of the United States, and for returning to immigration levels established by the Immigration Act of 1924, which includes strict ethnic quotas. The controversy resurfaced when a group of three immigration reduction proponents ran in the 2004 Sierra Club Board of Directors election, hoping to move the Club's position away from a neutral stance on immigration, and to",
"title": "Sierra Club"
}
] | who is best known as the founder of the sierra club quizlet |
|
| [
{
"id": "12745841",
"text": "as the winner of the second season. Om Chetry, Rohan Parkale and Saumya Rai came second, third and fourth respectively. The third season began broadcasting on 1 March 2014. Geeta Kapoor, Ahmad Khan and Mudassar Khan were judges, along with Sanam Johar, Raghav Crockroaz Juyal/ Omkar Shinde, Rahul Shetty and Paul Marshal Cardoz and Swarali Karulkar, as skippers. The teams were Raghav/Omkar ke Rockstar, Sanam ke Superheroes, Rahul and Paul ke Rapchik Punters and Swarali ke Sparklers. Teriya Magar from Nepal was declared the winner, and Anushka Chetry became the 1st runner-up. Sadhwin Shetty was the 2nd runner-up. DID Li'l",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "12745842",
"text": "Masters returned with its 4th season after 4 years. It began broadcasting on 3 March 2018. Marzi Pestonji, Chitrangnda Singh and Siddharth Anand are the judges along with Vaishnavi Patil, Jitumoni Kalita, Tanay Malhara and Bir Radha Sherpa as the skippers. The teams are Vaishnavi Ke Veer, Jitumoni ke Janbaaz, Tanay ke Tigers and Bir ke Baahubali. Jiya Thakur from Vaishnavi ke Veer wins the title. Urva Bhavsar from Jitumoni ke Janbaaz is the first runner up followed by Tamman Gamnu from Bir ke Baahubali. \"Dance India Dance L'il Masters North America Edition\" - Auditions were conducted in April 2014",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "12745838",
"text": "Yadav. Masters: Top 12 Contestants: \"Mudassar Ki Mandali\": \"Shruti Ke Shandar\": \"Feroz Ki Fauj\": Finalists: Fifth season was started on 27 June 2015. This season was hosted by Jay Bhanushali. The grand finale was aired on 10 October 2015 and winner was Proneeta Swargiary. Masters: Top 11 Contestants: \"Mudassar Ki Mandali\": \"Punit Ke Panthers\": \"Gaiti Ke Gangsters\": Finalists: Sixth season is being aired from 4 November 2017. This season is being hosted by Amruta Khanvilkar and Sahil Khattar. Masters: Top Contestants: \"Mudassar Ki Mandali\": \"Marzi Ke Mastane\": \"Mini Ke Masterblasters\": Top 5 Finalists: Sanket Gaonkar (from \"Mini Ke Masterblasters\") is",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "12745840",
"text": "1st runner-up and Vaishnavi Patil was the 2nd runner-up, Sonik Chauhan from Delhi got the best performer award from Finalist and Tiyash Saha (Wild Card Entry) from Kolkata (Neerav ke Rockstars) got the 5th position and most entertaining participant of the Season, Ritika and Pallavi got 6th position. \"DID L'il Masters 2\" was judged by Master Geeta and Master Marzi. The four skippers and their teams were Prince ke Paltan, Raghav ke Rockstars, Kruti ke Krackers and Neerav ke Ninjas. 5 contestants, Jeet, Om, Faisal, Rohan and Saumya entered the grand finale. Faisal Khan, from Prince ke Paltan, was declared",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "4477512",
"text": "2012, the judges selected the top 16 contestants to perform in the Gala Rounds. These contestants were: The top 3 contestants were Amit Kumar, Devendra Pal Singh and Vipul Mehta. Vipul Mehta was declared as the winner of Indian Idol 6. The show made a comeback on Indian Television after a gap of four years in 2016. Sonu Nigam was one of the judges this season. He made a comeback to the show after a decade. Other judges of the show are Anu Malik and Farah Khan. LV Revanth from Visakhapatnam is the winner of this season. LV Revanth is",
"title": "Indian Idol"
},
{
"id": "16711102",
"text": "released on 8 February 2013. He has won the 6th season of the reality show \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa\", with Drashti Dhami. Yusuff married Faiza Haramain, his longtime girlfriend. Salman Yusuff Khan Mohammad Ghause (Popularly with name Salman Yusuff Khan) is an Indian dancer. He won the dance reality show \"Dance India Dance\" (season 1). After winning the show, Khan appeared in the title song of \"Wanted\". He then did the music video \"Dance Of Death\" for the movie \"Rakta Charitra\" and in the video \"Alive\" (2011). He appeared in the film \"Sukoon - Vaishali Made\". He was a choreographer for",
"title": "Salman Yusuff Khan"
},
{
"id": "12745847",
"text": "The show was won by Team Todu, the \"DID L'il Masters Season 2\" contestants, Faisal, Soumya, Rohan, Om, Shalini, Deep, Tanay, Jeet and Shreya. Dance India Dance Dance India Dance (also called by the acronym DID; tagline:\"Dance Ka Asli ID D.I.D.\") is an Indian dance competition reality television series that airs on Zee TV, created by UTV Software Communications & produced by Essel Vision Productions. It premiered on 30 January 2009. Every season of the series is judged by 3 Indian choreographers with famous Indian film actor Mithun Chakraborty, where he has been judging as the head judge. Here the",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "19523599",
"text": "Name 2018 Super Dancer Super Dancer is an Indian Hindi kids dance reality television series, which airs on Sony Entertainment Television and Sony Entertainment Television Asia.The winner of season 1 of this series is Ditya Bhande and Bishal Sharma is the winner of Super Dancer Chapter 2. The series is produced by Ranjeet Thakur and Hemant Ruprell for their production house Frames Production. The show Super Dancer - Dance Ka Kal aims to find a kid prodigy who has the potential to be the future of dance. The kids are aged between 4 and 13 years of age. They are",
"title": "Super Dancer"
},
{
"id": "18832084",
"text": "from Team Sumeet and second runner up was Hardik Rawat From Team Dharmesh. The Season 2 of Dance Plus started on 2 July 2016. The auditions took place across several cities of India from 3 May 2016 to 26 May 2016. Tanay Malhara from Team Dharmesh won the second season of Dance +. There are three mentors - The Season 3 of Dance Plus started on 1 July 2017. Bir Radha Sherpa of Team Punit won the Third Season of Dance Plus. The Season 4 of Dance Plus was started from 6th October 2018 Saturday And Sunday at 8 PM.",
"title": "Dance Plus"
},
{
"id": "12745844",
"text": "Goa was the 1st runner-up, and Shraddha Shah Raj from Surat was the 2nd runner-up. The second season started in March 2015. Harpreet Khatri who hails from Mumbai was announced the winner of \"Dance India Dance Super Moms Season 2\" in 2015. Season 2 was anchored by popular TV actor Karan Wahi. Season 2 was judged by Geeta Kapoor, Govinda, and Terence Lewis. \"Dance Ke Superstars\" featured contestants from the first two seasons to compete against each other. The show was judged by choreographers Remo D'Souza and Shiamak Davar, and featured a guest judge every week. Team Jalwa, the Season",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "4477511",
"text": "song. The sixth season aired on Sony TV from 1 June 2012 to 1 September 2012. The winner of the sixth season was Vipul Mehta. The judges liked the performances of all three contestants, but Vipul won the title as the decision was calculated by tabulating votes from the public as well as judge scoring. Vipul received the highest number of votes. Mini Mathur and Hussain Kuwajerwala were again back to host Season 6. The judges for this season were Anu Malik, Sunidhi Chauhan, and Salim Merchant. Asha Bhosle joined the judging panel after the audition rounds. On 23 June",
"title": "Indian Idol"
},
{
"id": "12745836",
"text": "4. When any contestant performs a perfect act, the judges give him/her a special speech which is as respect for the contestant. List of the judges: Series table: First season was started on 30 January 2009. This season was hosted by Jay Bhanushali and Saumya Tandon. The grand finale was aired on 30 May 2009 and winner was Salman Yusuff Khan. Masters: Top 18 Contestants: \"Remo Ke Rangeelay\": \"Terence Ki Toli\": \"Geeta Ki Gang\": Finalists: Second season was started on 18 December 2009. This season was also hosted by Jay Bhanushali and Saumya Tandon. The grand finale was aired on",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "12745831",
"text": "advance to the next stage from week to week. The show features a variety of Indian cultural and international dance styles ranging across a broad spectrum of classical, Contemporary, Bollywood, Hip-hop, Jazz, Kalaripayattu, Salsa, and Musical theatre styles, amongst others, with many subgenres within these categories represented. Competitors attempt to master these styles in an attempt to survive successive weeks of elimination and win a cash prize and often other awards, as well as the title of \"India's Best Dancer\". The show is choreographed by Indian choreographers, such as Mudassar Khan, Marzi Pestonji and Mini Pradhan. The show has won",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "12745837",
"text": "23 April 2010 and winner was Shakti Mohan. Masters: Top 21 Contestants: \"Remo Ke Rangeelay\": \"Terence Ki Toli\": \"Geeta Ki Gang\": Finalists: Third season was started on 24 December 2011. This season was also hosted by Jay Bhanushali and Saumya Tandon. The grand finale was aired on 21 April 2012 and winner was Rajasmita Kar. Masters: Top 20 Contestants: \"Remo Ke Rangeelay\": \"Terence Ki Toli\": \"Geeta Ki Gang\": Finalists: Fourth season was started on 26 October 2013. This season was hosted by Jay Bhanushali and Ishita Sharma. The grand finale was aired on 22 February 2014 and winner was Shyam",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "17045296",
"text": "and Amit Kumar third. His debut single was \"Rowaan Mein\" written and composed by Asad Chohan and produced by Ali Mustafa. Following his win, he also released his debut album \"Hello Namaste Sat Sri Akal\". Vipul Mehta Vipul Mehta (born 1990) is an Indian playback singer, originating from Amritsar, Punjab, India. He won the title of \"Indian Idol\" in season 6 of the show i.e. on 1 September 2012. Mehta learned classical singing since he was 8 years old and is studying Mass Communications for a bachelor's degree. In 2008, he became a finalist in Amul STAR Voice of India",
"title": "Vipul Mehta"
},
{
"id": "12745843",
"text": "with over 10,000 contestants auditioning from all across the US, Canada and Europe. Out of them 10 contestants were chosen and were flown to Mumbai, India to compete in the finals. The winner was Akhil and the second winner was Avantika Vandanapu The shows consisted of 12 finalist couples. The Grand Finale was scheduled for filming 7 April 2011 at the Andheri Sports Complex for broadcast on 9 April 2011. Amit and Falon were voted the winners of the season. Mithu Chowdhury from Kolkata was declared the winner of \"Dance India Dance Super Moms\" 2013 Season, and Cecille Rodrigues from",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "12745845",
"text": "2 DID contestants, won the series. \"Dance ke Superkids- Battle of the Baaps!\" featured contestants from the first two seasons of \"DID L'iL Masters\". It was judged by Geeta Kapoor, Farah Khan and Marzi Pestonji and hosted by Jay Bhanushali and Shreya Acharya. Team Yahoo, also known as \"DID L'il Masters Season 2\", was led by Captain Raghav Juyal and choreographers: Kruti Mahesh and Prince Gupta. They won the competition with Faisal Khan, Soumya Rai, Rohan Parkale, Om Chetri, Jeet Das, Shalini Moitra and Tanay Malhara dancing their way to victory. Team Wakao, also known as \"DID L'il Masters Season",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "12745846",
"text": "1\", was led by Captain Dharmesh Yelande and choreographers: Mayuresh Vadkar and Vrushali Chavan; with dancing contestants: Jeetumoni Kalita, Vatsal Vithlani, Ruturaj Mahalim, Vaishnavi Patil, Atul Banmoria, Anurag Sarmah and Khyati Patel. The team fell just short of victory but thoroughly celebrated their time on the show all the same. \"DID Dance Ka Tashan\" featured contestants from \"Dance India Dance Super Moms\" competing against contestants from \"Dance India Dance L'il Masters 2\". The show aired in November 2013 and was judged by choreographer Ahmed Khan and Geeta Kapoor and hosted by TV actor Rithvik Dhanjani and India's Best Dramebaaz, Nihar.",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "13332686",
"text": "young dancers Sonali Majumdar (7) and Maraju Sumanth (13) from Kolkata's \"Bivash dance academy\" were crowned winners of the fourth season. Season 5 of \"India's Got Talent\" premiered on 11 January 2014. This season was hosted by Mantra and Bharti Singh. Later, Mantra was replaced by VJ Andy. Malaika Arora Khan, Kirron Kher and Karan Johar reprised their roles as judges for this season. This season consisted of 17 episodes. Ragini Makkhar and her Naadyog Academy won the season. Indore based Ragini Makkhar's Naadyog Academy is a 25-year-old dance institution which consists of 360 students. Season 6 of \"India's Got",
"title": "India's Got Talent"
},
{
"id": "20567582",
"text": "Senthil Ganesh were the final 6 contestants. Folk singer Senthil Ganesh emerged as the title winner of the show who also got a chance to sing in A.R.Rahman's music which was also given to Shrikanth as A.R.Rahman was impressed during the performance of him in set finals.Rakshita and Malavika emerged as 1st and 2nd runners up respectively. The Show was released on 21 January 2018 on Vijay TV and Vijay TV HD. Super Singer 6 Super Singer 6 () was a 2018-2018 Indian Tamil language Reality singing competition show, the sixth season of the \"Airtel Super Singer\" show, which aired",
"title": "Super Singer 6"
},
{
"id": "19523594",
"text": "injury), Tiyash Saha & Harsh Dhara (both standby contestants) were called back on 30 October 2016 to gain a Power Card Entry into the competition. The judges chose Laxman Kumbhar & Siddhanth Damedhar and they Re-entered the competition. Winner Ditya Sagar Bhande from Mumbai won the first season of Super dancer. Her choreographer was Ruel Dausan. This season was started from 30 September 2017 and last episode of this season was aired on 24 March 2018. Three contestants, Vaishnavi Prajapati from Panipat with her Super Guru Manan, Akash Mitra from Patna with his Super Guru Rishikesh Jogdand and Mishti Sinha",
"title": "Super Dancer"
},
{
"id": "18832083",
"text": "earlier a part of the Colors' celebrity dance show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa, and Zee TV's dance show Dance India Dance is the Super Judge. D'Souza is also the director of Bollywood movies , ABCD 2 and A Flying Jatt. Season first winner is V-Company (Hip-Hop)of Team Dharmesh . Season 2 winner is Tanay Malhara(Contemporary) of team Dharmesh . Season 3 winner is Bir Radha Sherpa(B-Boying) from team punit. =Colour key= The Season 1 of Dance Plus premiered on 3 July 2015. V Company won the Season 1 of Dance + from Team 'Dharmesh', Question Mark Crew was first runner up",
"title": "Dance Plus"
},
{
"id": "13332688",
"text": "9 July 2016. Flautist Suleiman, a 13 year old flute player from Amritsar, won the 7th season of India's Got Talent. Papai And Antara bagged the second position. Season 8 of \"India's Got Talent\" premiered on Colors TV on 20 October 2018. The season was hosted by Bharti Singh and Rithvik Dhanjani. Malaika Arora Khan, Kirron Kher and Karan Johar reprised their roles as judges. India's Got Talent India's Got Talent (sometimes abbreviated as IGT) is an Indian reality television series on Colors television network, founded by Sakib Zakir Ahmed and part of the global British \"Got Talent\" franchise. It",
"title": "India's Got Talent"
},
{
"id": "14554258",
"text": "Shakti Mohan Shakti Mohan is an Indian dancer. She is the winner of Zee TV's dance reality show Dance India Dance Season 2 and has been a captain in Dance Plus since 2015. She was also a contestant and finalist on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa in 2014. Her first song as a choreographer in Bollywood is Nainowale Ne in the movie Padmaavat. She owns her own dance brand called Nritya Shakti under which she has launched three calenders and has also initiated international dance workshops successfully. Shakti Mohan was born on 12th October, 1985 to Kusum Mohan and Brijmohan Sharma. She",
"title": "Shakti Mohan"
},
{
"id": "16670352",
"text": "& Kesar Dev Marwari came in the 3rd place. Laugh India Laugh Laugh India Laugh, a.k.a. L.I.L. is a stand-up comedy competition aired on Life OK channel. Top 18 Contestants from India and Pakistan will be selected after auditions. Akhtar Hindustani, Ali Javed, Amit Sharma, Ashok Nagar, Ayaz Samoo, Chirag Jain, Chirag Wadhwani, Dinesh Bawara, Dr Sanket, Kainaat Chouhan, Kesar Dev, KT, Laxman Nepali, Manoj Gujjar, Naseem Vicky, Nitesh Gupta, Rahul Rajasthani, Rajiv Gold, Sardar Kamaal and Badar Khan, Sumedh Shinde, Sunil Vyas, Surindar Angural, Tahir Ali. Naseem Vicky from Pakistan won the \"Laugh India Laugh\" finale, which was telecast",
"title": "Laugh India Laugh"
},
{
"id": "17045295",
"text": "Vipul Mehta Vipul Mehta (born 1990) is an Indian playback singer, originating from Amritsar, Punjab, India. He won the title of \"Indian Idol\" in season 6 of the show i.e. on 1 September 2012. Mehta learned classical singing since he was 8 years old and is studying Mass Communications for a bachelor's degree. In 2008, he became a finalist in Amul STAR Voice of India in the programme's second season, but could not make it to the Final three. In 2012, he applied to Indian Idol 6 and won the sixth season with co-finalist Devendra Pal Singh, 17 becoming runner-up",
"title": "Vipul Mehta"
},
{
"id": "12745839",
"text": "the winner Sachin Sharma (from \"Marzi Ke Mastane\") is first runner up Piyush Gurbhele (from \"Mini Ke Masterblasters\") is second runner up Nainika Anasuru (from \"Mini Ke Masterblasters\") is third runner up Shivam Wankhede (from \"Mudassar Ki Mandali) is\" fourth runner up The first season of \"DID L'il Masters\" was judged by Farah Khan and Sandip Soparrkar. The four skippers and their teams were: Dharmesh ke Dhinchak, Jai ke Jhatang-Fatang, Vrushali ke Dhum-Dhadake and Amrita ke Aflatoon. Jeetumoni Kalita from Dharmesh ke Dhinchak was declared winner of the first season of \"Dance India Dance L'il Masters\". Atul Banmoria was the",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "20089259",
"text": "was her love for dance. Proneeta Swargiary Proneeta Swargiary (Bodo: प्रनिता सर्गियारि) is an Indian dancer. She won the dance reality show \"Dance India Dance (season 5)\". Originally from the Bodoland Territorial Area Districts, in Assam, she became a resident of Delhi after her family moved. Proneeta Swargiary is an Indian dancer who was on the fifth season of \"Dance India Dance\". She became the winner of Dance India Dance 5 with the team of Punit Pathak, named “Punit Ke Panthers” and came into limelight with her performance on “Hoto Pe Bas Tera Naam Hai”. The sole reason for her",
"title": "Proneeta Swargiary"
},
{
"id": "14554261",
"text": "she was a fan of Shakti Mohan. Shakti Mohan Shakti Mohan is an Indian dancer. She is the winner of Zee TV's dance reality show Dance India Dance Season 2 and has been a captain in Dance Plus since 2015. She was also a contestant and finalist on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa in 2014. Her first song as a choreographer in Bollywood is Nainowale Ne in the movie Padmaavat. She owns her own dance brand called Nritya Shakti under which she has launched three calenders and has also initiated international dance workshops successfully. Shakti Mohan was born on 12th October, 1985",
"title": "Shakti Mohan"
},
{
"id": "20089258",
"text": "Proneeta Swargiary Proneeta Swargiary (Bodo: प्रनिता सर्गियारि) is an Indian dancer. She won the dance reality show \"Dance India Dance (season 5)\". Originally from the Bodoland Territorial Area Districts, in Assam, she became a resident of Delhi after her family moved. Proneeta Swargiary is an Indian dancer who was on the fifth season of \"Dance India Dance\". She became the winner of Dance India Dance 5 with the team of Punit Pathak, named “Punit Ke Panthers” and came into limelight with her performance on “Hoto Pe Bas Tera Naam Hai”. The sole reason for her participating in Dance India Dance",
"title": "Proneeta Swargiary"
},
{
"id": "17490529",
"text": "on Star Plus named Dance Champions. She is paired with Sumanth under the banner Bad Salsa. Sonali Majumdar Sonali Majumdar (born 28 November 2005) is an Indian professional salsa dancer. She was born in Sholoardari village located in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal state near India-Bangladesh border. She is the winner of Colors TV reality show \"India's Got Talent (season 4)\". Sonali rose to prominence [with \"India's Got Talent\" as contestant on Colors TV, she was in dancing show \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6\" along with Sumanth on Colors TV. She ended up as a 2nd runner up and",
"title": "Sonali Majumdar"
},
{
"id": "13063485",
"text": "Nikkitasha Marwaha Nikkitasha Marwaha won Miss India Worldwide 2009 at Durban, South Africa on February 14, 2009. She was a contestant on \"Dance India Dance\" season two. She placed First Runner-up on NDTV's Hunt for the Kingfisher Calendar Girl in 2013. She performed as the assassin 'Mehr' in Anil Kapoor's released 24 (Indian TV series) on Colors. Marwaha is from the state of Virginia, in the DC Metropolitan area. She grew up in Fairfax, Virginia, where she attended Greenbriar West Elementary School, Lanier Middle School, and Robinson Secondary School. She completed the IB Diploma candidate program in 2008 and went",
"title": "Nikkitasha Marwaha"
},
{
"id": "16670351",
"text": "Laugh India Laugh Laugh India Laugh, a.k.a. L.I.L. is a stand-up comedy competition aired on Life OK channel. Top 18 Contestants from India and Pakistan will be selected after auditions. Akhtar Hindustani, Ali Javed, Amit Sharma, Ashok Nagar, Ayaz Samoo, Chirag Jain, Chirag Wadhwani, Dinesh Bawara, Dr Sanket, Kainaat Chouhan, Kesar Dev, KT, Laxman Nepali, Manoj Gujjar, Naseem Vicky, Nitesh Gupta, Rahul Rajasthani, Rajiv Gold, Sardar Kamaal and Badar Khan, Sumedh Shinde, Sunil Vyas, Surindar Angural, Tahir Ali. Naseem Vicky from Pakistan won the \"Laugh India Laugh\" finale, which was telecast on 30 September 2012. KT from Mumbai came 2nd",
"title": "Laugh India Laugh"
},
{
"id": "17490528",
"text": "Sonali Majumdar Sonali Majumdar (born 28 November 2005) is an Indian professional salsa dancer. She was born in Sholoardari village located in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal state near India-Bangladesh border. She is the winner of Colors TV reality show \"India's Got Talent (season 4)\". Sonali rose to prominence [with \"India's Got Talent\" as contestant on Colors TV, she was in dancing show \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6\" along with Sumanth on Colors TV. She ended up as a 2nd runner up and was praised for her expression and stunts. She is also a participant in the famous show",
"title": "Sonali Majumdar"
},
{
"id": "16598534",
"text": "Asha Negi Asha Negi is an Indian television actress. She is recognised for her roles in the shows \"Pavitra Rishta\" as Purvi, \"Ek Mutthi Aasmaan\" as Kalpana, \"Kuch Toh Hai Tere Mere Darmiyaan\" as Koyal. She won the Indian dance reality show \"Nach Baliye 6\" along with her partner Rithvik Dhanjani in 2014. She won the Indian dance reality show \"Nach Baliye 6\" along with her partner Rithvik Dhanjani. She played the role of Purvi Kirloskar in \"Pavitra Rishta\". Asha participated in \"\" and went on to be a semi-finalist. She also appears in the role of Koyal in \"Kuch",
"title": "Asha Negi"
},
{
"id": "20849311",
"text": "range of other programmes such as \"Inside Out\", \"5 News\" and \"Good Morning Britain\". In 2017, he won BBC's \"Pointless Celebrities\", alongside Dr. Hilary Jones. Singh is author of two children's educational books: \"Food Fuel\" and \"Skelebones\", and is columnist for \"Attitude\" magazine and \"NetDoctor\". In August 2018, it was announced that Singh would be a contestant on the sixteenth series of \"Strictly Come Dancing.\" He was partnered with Janette Manrara and was the sixth contestant to be eliminated. Singh is gay. He discussed his sexuality in an interview for \"Attitude\" magazine in 2015. He was married to a woman",
"title": "Ranj Singh"
},
{
"id": "12797565",
"text": "place in India. The roadies re-entered India for the first part of the two part grand finale. The grand finale took place in \"karjat\" in Mumbai, India. There they received a surprise visit from the ex-roadies but the roadies who were evicted in the first episode were not present. Raghu decides to let 3 ex roadies to come back in the show and have a competition. Whoever won the competition would compete with Nauman and Palak in the Grand finale. Raghu lets Natasha and Sufi to be two of those three roadies since they were eliminated because of one of",
"title": "MTV Roadies (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "18026604",
"text": "her passion for dance and she lived according to her life's motto, \"Never give up... Nothing is impossible,\". Her mother Smt. Charanjeet Kaur is her role model. Shubh got selected in \"India's Got Talent\" TV show for her dance performance. Her performance received a standing ovation from the Judges. Salman Khan admired her on Twitter \"Wah Yaar. Hats Off. Kamaal Hai.\" In 2015, she became a contestant on \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa\" (season 8) and was impressed by the judges. She was eliminated in week 6. She married Yash Makkar. After two months of marriage she charged her husband with sexual",
"title": "Subhreet Kaur Ghumman"
},
{
"id": "20230739",
"text": "and Shakti Mohan has none. Show is acclaimed and very popular due to creative format and uniqueness. Remo D'Souza is the super judge for this season also. He is a well known and reputed choreographer and film director. He directed movies like \"F.A.L.T.U.\", \"Any Body Can Dance\" (\"\" and \"ABCD 2\"), \"A Flying Jatt\" and \"Race 3\". He was also judge on \"Jhalak Dikhla Ja\" and \"Dance India Dance\" (seasons 1, 2 and 3). There are three captains on the show. Each mentor has their own team consisting of contestants selected in auditions. There will be one final winner at",
"title": "Dance Plus (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "19697360",
"text": "Shantanu Maheshwari Shantanu Maheshwari (born 7 March 1991) is an Indian television actor, dancer, choreographer and host. He debuted in the show \"Dil Dosti Dance\" on Channel V in his breakout performance as the protagonist Swayam Shekhawat. Maheshwari is a part of the Desi Hoppers dance crew who emerged as winners in the World of Dance 2015 Championship in Los Angeles. In 2016, along with his crew Desi Hoppers he gave a special performance on America's Got Talent (season 11). Maheshwari along with his crew Desi Hoppers has been conducting dance workshops all over India under the name \"Street Mation\"",
"title": "Shantanu Maheshwari"
},
{
"id": "16598535",
"text": "Toh Hai Tere Mere Darmiyaan\". Negi was born and raised in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. In 2009, she was crowned Miss Uttarakhand 2009. She eventually moved to Mumbai to pursue an acting career. Asha Negi Asha Negi is an Indian television actress. She is recognised for her roles in the shows \"Pavitra Rishta\" as Purvi, \"Ek Mutthi Aasmaan\" as Kalpana, \"Kuch Toh Hai Tere Mere Darmiyaan\" as Koyal. She won the Indian dance reality show \"Nach Baliye 6\" along with her partner Rithvik Dhanjani in 2014. She won the Indian dance reality show \"Nach Baliye 6\" along with her partner Rithvik Dhanjani.",
"title": "Asha Negi"
},
{
"id": "13063486",
"text": "on to study at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. Nikkitasha Marwaha Nikkitasha Marwaha won Miss India Worldwide 2009 at Durban, South Africa on February 14, 2009. She was a contestant on \"Dance India Dance\" season two. She placed First Runner-up on NDTV's Hunt for the Kingfisher Calendar Girl in 2013. She performed as the assassin 'Mehr' in Anil Kapoor's released 24 (Indian TV series) on Colors. Marwaha is from the state of Virginia, in the DC Metropolitan area. She grew up in Fairfax, Virginia, where she attended Greenbriar West Elementary School, Lanier Middle School, and Robinson Secondary School. She completed",
"title": "Nikkitasha Marwaha"
},
{
"id": "17789987",
"text": "with their glamor and charisma, leading Bollywood composer and singer Shankar Mahadevan, grabbed the spotlight as he bedazzled his fans with a live performance, featuring his chartbuster tracks. The Tamil singing sensation Andrea Jeremiah also trilled her fans with a live performance of her hit Tamil and Telegu songs. The winners of India's Dancing Superstar, the famous dancing five, MJ5 also gave a performance. Malayalam actors Kavya Madhavan, Isha Talwar, Vineeth, Asha Sarath, Ramya Nambeesan and gen-next sensation Nazriya Nazim also put up their acts and entertained the audience. Famous Malayalam singer Rimi Tomy paid a tribute to A.R.Rahman by",
"title": "16th Asianet Film Awards"
},
{
"id": "14744282",
"text": "Ryan and Sharpay Evans of Disney's \"High School Musical\" series. Some notable celebrity guest-stars are Renée Taylor, Chris Trousdale, Ben Savage, John D'Aquino, Anneliese van der Pol, Kent Boyd and Cat Deeley of \"So You Think You Can Dance\" and \"America's Best Dance Crew\" contestants: JabbaWockeeZ (season 1 winners), Breaks8 (season 1), Quest Crew (season 3 winners), Poreotics (season 5 winners), Jungle Boogie (season 5), Saltare (season 5), IaMmE Crew (season 6 winners), ICONic Boyz (season 6 runners-up), Instant Noodles (season 6), Elektrolytes (season 7 winners) and Beat Freaks (season 3 runners-up). On June 5, 2011, a \"Good Luck Charlie\"",
"title": "Shake It Up (U.S. TV series)"
},
{
"id": "13475578",
"text": "two seasons. In the first season, he and his contestant, Alisha Singh, came in second place, with Mohammed Y.K Gouse (Salman Khan) in first. He was the mentor for the winner of the second season, Shakti Mohan. In the third season, his contestant, Pradeep Gurung, came in second place behind Rajasmita Kar. He is also going to judge another dance show, \"Chak Dhoom Dhoom,\" on the Colors television channel\".\" In the third season of \"Dance India Dance\", Lewis is still part of the judging panel along with Remo D'Souza and Geeta Kapoor. The most shocking event to happen during the",
"title": "Terence Lewis (choreographer)"
},
{
"id": "20445136",
"text": "India's Next Superstars India's Next Superstars (INS) is an Indian talent-search reality TV show, which premiered on Star Plus and is streamed on Hotstar. Karan Johar and Rohit Shetty are the judges for the show. Aman Gandotra and Natasha Bharadwaj were declared winners of the 2018 season. Shruti Sharma won a 'Special Mention' award. Runners up in the male category were Aashish Mehrotra and Harshvardhan Deo and in the female category were Naina Singh and Shruti Sharma. Ten males and ten females live together and are judged on the basis of their performances in acting and dancing assignments, with contestants",
"title": "India's Next Superstars"
},
{
"id": "13725030",
"text": "the programme \"India's Got Talent\". Prince Group also performed in Sardotsav- annual winter festival in Pithoragarh (Uttarakhand) on 6 November 2014. After winning Rs 50 lakh (Rs five million) prize money and a audi car from the Colors channel, a pleasant surprise lay in store for them. The Orissa government announced a cash prize of Rs two crore (Rs twenty million) and four acres of land for the group to build a dance academy. Confirming the news, Krishna Mohan Reddy, the choreographer of Prince Dance Group said, \"We have heard that our government has announced a prize for us. We",
"title": "Prince Dance Group"
},
{
"id": "14370432",
"text": "Drashti Dhami Drashti Dhami (born 10 January 1985) is an Indian actress, model, and dancer. She is known for her roles in the shows \"Dill Mill Gayye\", \"Geet - Hui Sabse Parayi\", \"Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon\", \"Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani\" and \"Pardes Mein Hai Mera Dil\". She won Season 6 of \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa\" in 2013. She has established herself as one of the top actresses of Indian television. She was last seen as Nandini in Colors TV's \"Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka\". Dhami was born on 10 January 1985 to a Gujarati family in Mumbai, where",
"title": "Drashti Dhami"
},
{
"id": "20812206",
"text": "14 October 2018. The chief guest for this grand event was Badshah who spread rocking environment and appreciated and also judged the event. The winner of the Season 1 of India Ke Mast Kalandar was Rahul Kumar. The winner got the trophy along with a cheque of ₹15,00,000 and runner up are - The Dazzlers, Ved, Raja Aadam, Sameer, Vikram & Shrusthi, John & Azim, Filmy Kawwals. Geeta Kapoor, Mika Singh, Badshah rocked the stage with their rocking performances. Winner - Rahul Kumar Runner Up: - The Dazzlers - Ved - Raja Aadam - Sameer - Vikram & Shrusthi -",
"title": "India Ke Mast Kalandar"
},
{
"id": "12797538",
"text": "mob violence during Delhi auditions, roadies from Delhi and Mumbai were shortlisted through online auditions, followed by a Group Discussion and Interview. This is the first time in \"MTV Roadies\" history that Nikhil Chinnappa was replaced by Raghu's identical twin brother, Rajiv Laxman. Roop Bhinder and Palak Johal returned as All-Stars for Roadies X - Battle for Glory. While Bhinder finished in 11th place Johal won the season. Overall Count : The first episode of the journey for the selected 20 roadies was aired on 10 January 2009. After brief introductions and partying for a while, the roadies are accosted",
"title": "MTV Roadies (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "16400075",
"text": "rounds: The show premiered May 30, 2016 at 10/9 central on NBC, debuting to 9.8 million viewers. It was renewed for a second season in June 2017. Junior Division: 801 Squad, Alaman, Boys of Temecula, D'Angelo and Amanda, Diana Pombo, Eva Igo, ImmaBEAST, JJ & Joey, Kaeli and Brandon, KynTay, Mini ReQuest, The Lab, The Maya Boys, The Mihacevich Sisters, The POSSE. Upper Division: Al Taw'am, DNA, Femme Fatale, Fik-Shun, Keone & Mari, Desi Hoppers, Kyle Van Newkirk, Les Twins, Luka & Jenalyn, Nick Daniels, Pasión, Quick Style, Slavek and Juliet, The Nitty Grittyz Trent Jeray, Vibration. Team: Chapkis Dance",
"title": "World of Dance"
},
{
"id": "18066605",
"text": "Teriya Magar Teriya Phounja Magar is a dancer from Rudrapur, Rupandehi district, Nepal. She came into the public spotlight during her performances on the dance competition television series \"Dance India Dance Li'l Masters\" which she won on 21 June 2014. She is also the winner of Colors TV dance reality show \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 9)\" which she won on 21 January 2017. She also participated in Dance Champions but was eventually eliminated in the second round. Teriya is the second daughter born to her parents, and attends St Lawrence High School in Vashi, Navi Mumbai, India . On 29",
"title": "Teriya Magar"
},
{
"id": "17485903",
"text": "became finalists on the show along with actress Hina Khan and businessman Puneesh Sharma. Shinde beat the other three finalists and was declared the winner of \"Bigg Boss 11\" on 14 January 2018. She was again called in Bigg Boss 12 as a guest contestant with her fellow contestant Vikas Gupta for eventually raising the TRP of the show. Shilpa Shinde Shilpa Shinde (born 28 August 1977) is an Indian actress who works in television. Shinde made her television debut in 1999 but came to the spotlight for her role in STAR Plus's soap opera \"Bhabhi\" (2002–08). Shinde is best",
"title": "Shilpa Shinde"
},
{
"id": "17700640",
"text": "India's Next Superstars Add, Comedy Nights With Kapil and Super Dancer – Chapter 2. She has also performed at big events such as Umang Awards, EEMA Awards, TOISA (Times Of India Sports Awards), TOIFA (Times Of India Film Awards), PTC Punjabi Film Awards, Memu Saitam Live, Dubai Premier League, and T10 League. Rautela was named as the World’s Most Beautiful Woman in T C Candler’s 27th list of 100 most beautiful faces twice. She was also the grand finale showstopper for Shantanu and Nikhil at IIFA Fashion Show 2018. Urvashi Rautela Urvashi Rautela (born 25 February 1994) is an Indian",
"title": "Urvashi Rautela"
},
{
"id": "17561572",
"text": "Baiju.In January 2016,he teamed up with his choreographer Raghav Juyal and the host of DID Little Masters Jay Bhanushali for Fear Factor Khatron ke Khiladi Kabhi Peeda Kabhi Keeda in Argentina Season 7 hosted by Arjun Kapoor Faizal Khan 'Faisal Khan' is an Indian dancer and actor. At the age of 13, Khan gave an audition in the second season of dance reality show \"Dance India Dance Li'l Masters\", where he came out as the winner. he also participated in \"Dance Ke Superkids\" and \"DID Dance Ka Tashan\". Khan started his acting career with historical drama series \"Bharat Ka Veer",
"title": "Faizal Khan"
},
{
"id": "16711101",
"text": "Salman Yusuff Khan Mohammad Ghause (Popularly with name Salman Yusuff Khan) is an Indian dancer. He won the dance reality show \"Dance India Dance\" (season 1). After winning the show, Khan appeared in the title song of \"Wanted\". He then did the music video \"Dance Of Death\" for the movie \"Rakta Charitra\" and in the video \"Alive\" (2011). He appeared in the film \"Sukoon - Vaishali Made\". He was a choreographer for Yana Gupta in \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa\" (season 4), with Isha Sharvani in \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa\" (season 5). Khan's debut movie, \"\", under the direction of Remo D'Souza, was",
"title": "Salman Yusuff Khan"
},
{
"id": "7144504",
"text": "was resting. Rohit Sharma again lead India in the 2018 Asia Cup after Virat Kohli was rested after a rigorous tour of England. India won the tournament after wining the final against Bangladesh. Rohit lead India to defeat West Indies in the T20I series. Rohit Sharma is one of the most successful players in Indian Premier League (IPL) and has the unique record of finishing the match by scoring a last-ball six. He has one century and a hat-trick to his name. He is also one of the few players to score more than 4000 runs in the IPL. Sharma",
"title": "Rohit Sharma"
},
{
"id": "8731813",
"text": "Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner",
"title": "Hurston-Wright Legacy Award"
},
{
"id": "14554259",
"text": "has three sisters, Neeti Mohan, Mukti Mohan and Kriti Mohan. Mohan is originally from Delhi but has lived in Mumbai since 2006. She studied at Birla Balika Vidyapeeth, a boarding school, and has an MA in Political Science from St. Xavier's College, Mumbai. She was aspiring to become an IAS officer before her appearance on \"Dance India Dance\" (DID). A trained Contemporary artist, she graduated with a diploma in dance from Terence Lewis Dance Foundation Scholarship Trust in 2009. Her first big achievement was winning the season 2 of DID. In her childhood, Shakti met with an accident and ended",
"title": "Shakti Mohan"
},
{
"id": "3053836",
"text": "also appeared in the movie \"\" and \"Stomp the Yard\" , the television series \"Community\", and the reality dance competitions \"So You Think You Can Dance\", \"America's Best Dance Crew\". Russell Ferguson, the winner of the sixth season of \"So You Think You Can Dance\", is a krumper. Contestants on World of Dance B-Dash and Konkrete were krumpers (2018).The original web series \"The Legion of Extraordinary Dancers\" also featured krump in season one during the fifth episode, \"The Lettermakers\". Krump has since spread to many different countries around the world. Even as far as Australia and New Zealand, an American-Born",
"title": "Krumping"
},
{
"id": "16509653",
"text": "went on to host several seasons of \"Dance India Dance\". In 2012-13, Bhanushali and his wife Mahii Vij participated in and won the dance competition show \"Nach Baliye 5\". Bhanushali made his Bollywood debut in 2014 with \"Hate Story 2\" where he played the role of Akshay Bedi. Jay is married to actress Mahhi Vij. Jay Bhanushali Jay Bhanushali (born 25 December 1984) is an Indian television actor best known for his portrayal as \"Neev Shergill\" in Ekta Kapoor's Indian soap opera \"Kayamath\" that aired on Star Plus. Bhanushali debuted in television with the show \" Dhoom Machaao Dhoom\" where",
"title": "Jay Bhanushali"
},
{
"id": "20567581",
"text": "Super Singer 6 Super Singer 6 () was a 2018-2018 Indian Tamil language Reality singing competition show, the sixth season of the \"Airtel Super Singer\" show, which aired on Star Vijay on every Saturday and Sunday at 19:00 (IST) starting from 21 January 2018 until 15 July 2018. The show was hosted by Ma Ka Pa and Priyanka. The Judges of the show were the popular playback singers P. Unnikrishnan, Anuradha Sriram, Shweta Mohan and Benny Dayal. The Grand finale was held on 15th July 2018 and was a live telecast through Star Vijay. Shrikanth, Shakthi, Anirudh, Malavika, Rakshitha and",
"title": "Super Singer 6"
},
{
"id": "19082885",
"text": "Prince Narula Prince Narula (born 24 November 1990) is an Indian model and actor. He started his career by participating in PTC Mr. Punjab 2014 where he was the second runner up. Then he became the winner of three back-to-back reality shows, \"MTV Roadies X2\", \"MTV Splitsvilla 8\" and \"Bigg Boss 9\". In 2016, he played the role of Lucky in &TV's \"Badho Bahu\". He has been involved in MTV's \"Roadies\" as a Gang Leader since 2016. In 2018, he played the role of Shahnawa in Colors TV's \"Naagin 3\". Prince Narula was born in Chandigarh, India. Before participating in",
"title": "Prince Narula"
},
{
"id": "20782977",
"text": "Mira quién baila (season 6) Season six of \"Mira quién baila\" premiered on Univision and Las Estrellas on July 29, 2018 and concluded on September 16, 2018. It is the first season to air in Mexico. The TV series is the Spanish version of British version \"Strictly Come Dancing\" and American version \"Dancing with the Stars\". Ten celebrities are paired with ten professional ballroom dancers. Javier Poza and Chiquinquirá Delgado return as the show's hosts, while Joaquín Cortés, Lola Cortés, and season 5 winner Dayanara Torres joined as judges. The winner, Greeicy Rendón, received $25,000 for her charity and sponsored",
"title": "Mira quién baila (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "13991081",
"text": "Mumbai for further competition to select the top 12 dancers for the show. The top 12 contestants were decided for the show but due to some reasons, 13 dancers were selected. 2nd Runner-up Rajit Dev from Mumbai Eliminated On the day of every elimination Hrithik Roshan gave a check of three Lakh rupees to the eliminated contestant from his personal account (without contribution of TV channel). The Season 1 of the competition was won by Ankan Sen from Kolkata, while Surjeet Bansal from Delhi won the second spot. Ankan Sen was awarded with Rs 10 million and a Maruti Suzuki",
"title": "Just Dance (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "6446828",
"text": "Banega Crorepati\" to win ₹5 Crores ($1.01 million). He was a computer instructor in MNREGA earning a meager ₹6000 (roughly $121) per month before his entry to\" Kaun Banega Crorepati\". He has been dubbed as the real Slumdog Millionaire. Sanmeet Kaur Sawhney was a contestant in Season 6 and won ₹5 Crores ($0.91 million). She was the second ₹5 Crore winner. Achin and Sarthak Narula appeared as contestants in Season 8 and won ₹7 Crores ($1.14 million), making them the first and only ₹7 Crore winner till now. They are the largest Asian winners in the WWTBAM franchise. Danny Boyle's",
"title": "Kaun Banega Crorepati"
},
{
"id": "9999440",
"text": "celebrity contestant in the twelfth season of the Indian version of the reality TV show \"Big Brother\", \"Bigg Boss\". He entered the house on 16 September 2018. Karanvir Bohra Karanvir Bohra (born 28 August 1982), known also as Manoj Bohra, is an Indian television and film actor, producer and designer. He starred in the TV shows \"Kasautii Zindagii Kay\", \"Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?\", \"Shararat\", \"Naagin 2\" and \"Qubool Hai\" and also in the films \"Kismat Konnection\" and \"Mumbai 125 KM\". He participated in the reality shows \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6\", \"\". Bohra also owns a local clothing brand,",
"title": "Karanvir Bohra"
},
{
"id": "12797570",
"text": "force of the weight and nearly fell down. All the Roadies (except Sufi, Tamanna, Devarshi and Varisha) were cheering for Kiri. Kiri was in lead. Nauman was far behind. He even fell two times and his feet started bleeding very badly. But then he got up and used all his strength, went on and eventually won. Nauman became the Ultimate Roadie. Kiri and Nauman were called back and both got a Hero Honda Karizma bike. Nauman, being the winner of the season, also won the prize money - Rs. 3,52,000 = Indicates that the Roadie was present in the episode.",
"title": "MTV Roadies (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "13475577",
"text": "films, several popular music videos, and has appeared in advertisements. Lewis won the 2002 American Choreography Award for his choreography for songs of the movie \"Lagaan\" along with Saroj Khan, Raju Khan, Ganesh Hegde and Vaibhavi Merchant. He has choreographed international stage shows, Bollywood shows, corporate launches, Broadway Westend musicals, feature films, ads and music videos. He is the first Indian to receive the danceWEB Europe Scholarship, representing India in Vienna, Austria. He's currently a judge in the same celebrity couple dance competition but its sixth season. Terence Lewis has been a judge on \"Dance India Dance\" for its past",
"title": "Terence Lewis (choreographer)"
},
{
"id": "9999431",
"text": "Karanvir Bohra Karanvir Bohra (born 28 August 1982), known also as Manoj Bohra, is an Indian television and film actor, producer and designer. He starred in the TV shows \"Kasautii Zindagii Kay\", \"Dil Se Di Dua... Saubhagyavati Bhava?\", \"Shararat\", \"Naagin 2\" and \"Qubool Hai\" and also in the films \"Kismat Konnection\" and \"Mumbai 125 KM\". He participated in the reality shows \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6\", \"\". Bohra also owns a local clothing brand, Pegasus. He is a contestant on the popular reality show \"Bigg Boss\" in 2018. Bohra was born on 28 August 1982 in Jodhpur to a Marwari family.",
"title": "Karanvir Bohra"
},
{
"id": "20302494",
"text": "to win this season. Top 16 Top 14 Top 10 Top 6 Top 3: Finalists: Winner: Show Me the Money 6 The sixth season of \"Show Me the Money\" premiered on June 30, 2017 and ended on September 1, 2017, aired every Friday at 23:00 KST on Mnet. The season features judges Choiza and Gaeko of Dynamic Duo, H1GHR MUSIC’s Jay Park of AOMG and Dok2 of Illionaire Records, Tiger JK and Bizzy of Feel GHood Music, and Zico and Dean of FANXYCHILD. Over 12,000 contestants auditioned this season with a mix of returning contestants, veteran rappers, and upcoming rappers",
"title": "Show Me the Money 6"
},
{
"id": "12745834",
"text": "of the more well-represented genres that will later be prominent in the competition phase, such as Hip hop, Bollywood, Jazz, Bharat Natyam, Kathak, Mohiniyattam, Odissi and Contemporary). At the end of this process, only the top 36 competitors will be chosen. The top 36 are then again asked to give solo performances, after which 18 are chosen in the final auditions. Then, those top 18 get divided into 3 teams which are named according to the 3 masters of the show such as, \"Mudassar Ki Mandali\", \"Marzi Ke Mastane\" and \"Mini Ke Masterblasters\". Each team containing 6 dancers then competes",
"title": "Dance India Dance"
},
{
"id": "18066606",
"text": "June 2014, Teriya was honored with the title \"Lumbini Peace Ambassador\" by the Kapilvastu Day Campaign. The award was presented by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Local Development, Prakash Man Singh. Teriya Magar Teriya Phounja Magar is a dancer from Rudrapur, Rupandehi district, Nepal. She came into the public spotlight during her performances on the dance competition television series \"Dance India Dance Li'l Masters\" which she won on 21 June 2014. She is also the winner of Colors TV dance reality show \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 9)\" which she won on 21 January 2017. She also participated in",
"title": "Teriya Magar"
},
{
"id": "19132413",
"text": "and won the show. He won Rs 1 Crore prize money for winning Bigg Boss. He also did Comedy Circus- Chinchpokli to China, Rahul Dulhaniya Le Jayenge, Desi Girls, Kitchen Champion Season-2. Vyavastha Vyavastha is an upcoming 2018 Hindi language political comedy drama film, directed by Ritesh Shetty, written by Ritesh Shetty, produced by Ritesh Shetty, Kranti Shanbhag, Gurmeet Singh and Kapil Jhaveri, Music directed by Shailendra Kumar, Adiya Gaur & Humayun Kabeer. The film is produced under the banner of Abstract Thought Production. It stars [Haider Ali Khan], [Shezly], [Ashutosh Kaushik], [Humayun Kabeer] and [Rajiv Shrivastava]. No doubts that",
"title": "Vyavastha"
},
{
"id": "12797564",
"text": "ft above ground level. Paulomi became the captain and decided to go 1st, followed by Palak and Nauman. Paulomi completed this task in 1 minute and 19 seconds. Palak did it in 22 seconds. Nauman did it in 10 seconds, thus winning the task and the advantage. The next day, Rannvijay told Nauman that he had the advantage of choosing his co-finalist-either Palak or Paulami. He chose Palak. But Rannvijay told him that there's gonna be a task to be conducted between the 2 girls. Palak wins. Raghu also surprised them by telling them that the final showdown will take",
"title": "MTV Roadies (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "17700637",
"text": "India for the year 2016. In 2017, Urvashi starred in a special dance number Haseeno Ka Deewana in Kaabil, also featuring Hrithik Roshan which she carried on her shoulders, as said by India West. She was complimented on her performance by the man who originally danced to this classic song – the Bollywood superstar Amitabh Bachchan. The same year, she won the TSR National Film Awards, Exhibit Tech World Awards, Dadasaheb Phalke Excellence Awards, and was chosen as the Youth Icon of The Year. She was also the most viral celebrity of the year. In 2018, she appeared in the",
"title": "Urvashi Rautela"
},
{
"id": "986332",
"text": "One, until he got his first break in The Great Indian Laughter Challenge, one of the nine reality television shows he has won. He became the winner of the show in 2007 for which he won 10 lakhs as prize money. Sharma participated in Sony Entertainment Television’s \"Comedy Circus\". He became the winner of all six seasons of \"Comedy Circus\" he participated in. He has hosted dance reality show \"Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Season 6\" and also hosted comedy show \"Chhote Miyan\". Sharma also participated in the show \"Ustaadon Ka Ustaad\". Around the 2008-2009, two other popular comedians Papa CJ and",
"title": "Stand-up comedy"
},
{
"id": "12797557",
"text": "three existing roadies. Rannvijay then announces that there would be a voteout which the winners of the tasks, Palak, Nauman and Sufi would be immune. The roadies vote out Sandeep, whose influence was considerably weakened after his friends Pradeep and Bobby were eliminated. The roadies reach the Menindin, Broken Hill, Australia. They had to reach a river and do the Advantage task which made the winners Nauman, Samrat and Natasha immune and also gave them the chance to win Hero Honda Karizma bike. Then they are made to reach in the middle of nowhere, at the outback of Australia. There",
"title": "MTV Roadies (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "4066365",
"text": "dance reality show \"Dance Bangla Dance\", Chakraborty developed the concept of Dance India Dance, an Indian dance competition show that airs on Zee TV in India, produced by UTV Software Communications and has become India's largest dance-based reality show. The contestants get a chance to perform before a panel of judges composed of Terrence Lewis, Remo D'Souza and Geeta Kapoor. The selection of the season's Top 18 live show finalists are overseen by head judge Chakraborty. The show has won several television awards for most popular dance reality show. Chakraborty was also the Grand Master of \"Dance India Dance Li'l",
"title": "Mithun Chakraborty"
},
{
"id": "13441723",
"text": "winner of India's first live singing reality show Rising Star Season 2(2018). The hosts are 2 little kids. Afsha at first was auditioning as a contestant, and ended up being the hostess. Dhairya was already famous from few movies like: Partner (2007 film) and Baabul. Also from shows: Kya Aap Paanchvi Pass Se Tez Hain? and Ek Se Badhkar Ek. 21 August: 28 August: 4 September: 11 September: NO ELIMINATION (on Asha Bhosle's request) 18 September: 25 September: NO ELIMINATION 2 October: 9 October: 16 October: Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2009 Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il",
"title": "Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs 2009"
},
{
"id": "4477504",
"text": "hosted a popular show, \"Royal Bengal Superstar',' on Star Jalsa. Meiyang Chang, who placed fifth in this season, hosted the IPL 2009 and also received an offer to act in \"Badmaash Company\", directed by Parmeet Sethi. He hosted the fourth season of \"Indian Idol\" with Hussain Kuwajerwala. He also won the dance reality show \"Jhalak Dikhla Jaa\". 6th runner-up Deepali Kishore hosted a musical reality show on \"Doordarshan\". Suhit Gosain hosted a musical reality show on Real Channel by Miditech Pvt. Ltd. & Datari Turner Productions. He also appeared in television commercials including NIIT and Videocon D2H. Amit Paul sang",
"title": "Indian Idol"
},
{
"id": "17137077",
"text": "or a birthday theme for an episode. The series premiered on January 4, 2013. Taste in Translation Taste in Translation is an American Cooking show series produced by Leopard Films that currently airs on the Cooking Channel. The series is hosted by Aarti Sequeira, an Indian chef and television personality, who is best known as the winner of the sixth season of Food Network's reality television show, \"The Next Food Network Star\". In the series, Aarti searches for the most popular dishes from around the world and takes an in depth look at the history and cultural significance in the",
"title": "Taste in Translation"
},
{
"id": "17465654",
"text": "1st runners up while Simran Singh of Mukerian was declared 2nd runners up.the anchor of the show was Gurjit Singh. Sonali Dogra of Jammu won Voice of Punjab Season 6 Grand Finale organized and hosted by PTC Punjabi. She won a cash prize of Rs. One Lakh and a Car. Touted as the most coveted music award in Punjabi genre the winner was decided after the six finalists performed live before a huge audience. Voice of Punjab season 8 was hosted by Gurjit Singh and Half by Sahil Vedoliyaa with Gurjit Singh. The judges this year were: Sachin Ahuja, Roshan",
"title": "Voice of Punjab"
},
{
"id": "14752967",
"text": "Urvashi Dholakia Urvashi Dholakia is an Indian television actress. She is best known for her role as Komolika Basu in \"Kasautii Zindagii Kay\" and also known for participating the television reality show \"Bigg Boss 6\", where she was the winner in early 2013. She portrayed the evil character of Queen Iravati in the fantasy television series \"Chandrakanta\" on Colors TV.\" Dholakia was born to a Punjabi mother and a Gujarati father. She married at age 16 and had twin boys, Kshitij and Sagar, at age 17; she has raised them as a single mother since she was 18. Dholakia made",
"title": "Urvashi Dholakia"
},
{
"id": "17626498",
"text": "celebrating Grand Finale. Proneeta Swargiary was the winner of this season and Nirmal Tamang was 1st runner-up. Grandmaster: Masters: Guest Judge: Dance India Dance (season 5) Zee TV’s \"Dance India Dance (DID)\" returned to TV screen on June 2015 with Season 5. With each successive season, \"DID\" had set higher benchmarks for excellence in dance and the new season presents itself in the form of the \"Biggest Battleground of Dance\", where each participant would set a certain standard with their dancing prowess and challenge the other to #BeatThat. The show was produced by Zee Entertainment Enterprises’ content engine, Essel Vision",
"title": "Dance India Dance (season 5)"
},
{
"id": "19718715",
"text": "Phulwa Khamkar Phulwa Khamkar also spelt as Phulawa Khamkar (born 17 September 1974) is an Indian choreographer and dancer, who works in Bollywood and Marathi films. She is the winner of India's first dance reality show Boogie Woogie, Season 1 in 1997 and was among 5 finalist in Dance India Dance Super Moms in 2013. She has choreographed Hindi and Marathi films like, Happy New Year (2014), Julie 2 (2016), Natarang (2010), Kuni Mulgi Deta Ka Mulgi (2012), and Mitwaa (2015). She also won the Zee Marathi's dance reality show Eka Peksha Ek (season 1) and was a judge for",
"title": "Phulwa Khamkar"
},
{
"id": "19726554",
"text": "stadium chennai on 27 January 2017. The winners are listed below A total of 12 celebrities, mostly TV actors, paired with dancers handpicked through auditions will go head to head in their quest to be best performers. Dance Jodi Dance Dance Jodi Dance () is a 2016 Tamil language dance competition reality television show, which premiered on 17 September 2016 and broadcast on Zee Tamil and aired Saturday and Sunday at 8:00PM IST. The Show is hosted by Deepak Dinkar. Actress Sneha, Gautami and Accomplished Bharatanatyam dancer and Actress Sudha Chandran are the judges of this show. Starting from Saturday",
"title": "Dance Jodi Dance"
},
{
"id": "19523591",
"text": "Super Dancer Super Dancer is an Indian Hindi kids dance reality television series, which airs on Sony Entertainment Television and Sony Entertainment Television Asia.The winner of season 1 of this series is Ditya Bhande and Bishal Sharma is the winner of Super Dancer Chapter 2. The series is produced by Ranjeet Thakur and Hemant Ruprell for their production house Frames Production. The show Super Dancer - Dance Ka Kal aims to find a kid prodigy who has the potential to be the future of dance. The kids are aged between 4 and 13 years of age. They are not only",
"title": "Super Dancer"
},
{
"id": "20642721",
"text": "India, Mongolia, Nepal, and South Korea were unrepresented. Japan marked its comeback after its absences from the previous two seasons, while both Hong Kong and Myanmar returned after their absences from the previous season. The prize package for this season included a Subaru XV, a cover and fashion spread in \"Harper's Bazaar\" Thailand, a featured avatar in the new \"America's Next Top Model\" Mobile Game, and a modeling contract with Storm Model Management in London. The winner of the competition was 23 year-old Dana Slosar, from Thailand. \"(Total and average scores on the table only reflect scores calculated from the",
"title": "Asia's Next Top Model (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "7794078",
"text": "couples did not dance together but instead competed against each other. The series ended in a tie. Gurmeet Choudhary was declared the Best Performer of the series. The sixth season of \"Nach Baliye\" premiered on 9 November 2013 on Star Plus channel, airing on Saturday and Sunday evenings. Eleven celebrity couples competed in the series. Shilpa Shetty, Sajid Khan and Terrence Lewis are the Judges and Gautam Rode and Karan Wahi hosts the season, once again. TV Actors Rithvik Dhanjani and Asha Negi were declared the Winning Couple of Nach Baliye Season 6 on 1 February 2014. Gurmeet Choudhary and",
"title": "Nach Baliye"
},
{
"id": "15764578",
"text": "with such wonderful dance techniques that one is left simply wondering ‘Ki kya idea hai bhai, yeh step to dhoom macha dega\". He himself is a big inspiration to many budding dancers. He has won on the dance show, Boogie Woogie (TV series) and was first runner-up on Dance India Dance (season 2). He starred in , ABCD 2 and he choreographed for the movie Tees Maar Khan. Dharmesh Yelande Dharmesh Yelande (born October 31, 1983) also known as Dharmesh Sir participated in \"Dance India Dance (season 2)\", \"Dance India Dance Li'l Masters\"(as a skipper), and Dance Ke Superstars, all",
"title": "Dharmesh Yelande"
},
{
"id": "13709188",
"text": "at the box office. He made India's first 3D dance movie, \"ABCD - AnyBody Can Dance\", with contestants from season 1 and season 2 of \"Dance India Dance\" (Dharmesh Yelande, Punit Pathak, Salman Yusuff Khan, Raghav Juyal, Prince and others), Prabhu Deva and Lauren Gottlieb. His next directorial venture, \"ABCD 2\", was released in June 2015. It starred Varun Dhawan, Shraddha Kapoor, and Prabhu Deva in lead roles, with Lauren Gottlieb, Punit Pathak, Raghav Juyal, and Dharmesh Yelande in supporting roles. Plus\", Season 4 (2018) Remo D'Souza Remo D'Souza (birth name Ramesh Gopi Nair, born 2 April 1974) is an",
"title": "Remo D'Souza"
},
{
"id": "20817808",
"text": "Gurnam Bhullar Gurnam Bhullar is Punjabi Singer. Best known for his single \"Diamond\" released in 2018. Gurnam Bhullar has won Awaaz Punjab Di Season 5. His Debut album was \"Heer Jehiyan Kudian\" released in 2014. He had started singing from school life and also continue in college stage. He had also participated in reality shows Sa Re Ga Ma Pa and Voice of Punjab . He got fame after his release “Rakhli Pyar Nal” in 2016 and \"Drivery\" in 2017. After that, he sung number of songs and his latest trending Punjabi song is Diamond, which was released on Jan",
"title": "Gurnam Bhullar"
},
{
"id": "20741206",
"text": "Derek Hough. Season 1's winner Les Twins also performed before the crowning. After the final performances, The Lab were announced as the winners of World of Dance; their final combined score of 97.5 beat out Michael Dameski by 1.5 points. 4th S-Rank (93.5) 3rd Charity & Andres (94.3) 2nd Michael Dameski (96) WINNER The Lab (97.5) Misty Copeland joined the Judges panel for Division Final round World of Dance (season 2) The second season of American reality competition television series \"World of Dance\" premiered May 29, 2018, on NBC. Jennifer Lopez, Ne-Yo, and Derek Hough returned as the judges, with",
"title": "World of Dance (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "19718718",
"text": "is running her own dance school, called Phulwa's School of dance and Gymnastics in Mumbai. Phulwa Khamkar Phulwa Khamkar also spelt as Phulawa Khamkar (born 17 September 1974) is an Indian choreographer and dancer, who works in Bollywood and Marathi films. She is the winner of India's first dance reality show Boogie Woogie, Season 1 in 1997 and was among 5 finalist in Dance India Dance Super Moms in 2013. She has choreographed Hindi and Marathi films like, Happy New Year (2014), Julie 2 (2016), Natarang (2010), Kuni Mulgi Deta Ka Mulgi (2012), and Mitwaa (2015). She also won the",
"title": "Phulwa Khamkar"
},
{
"id": "15236786",
"text": "America's Best Dance Crew (season 6) The sixth season of \"America's Best Dance Crew\", also known as America's Best Dance Crew: Season of the Superstars, premiered on April 7, 2011. Taking a different route from past seasons, the crews performed to the music of one specific artist each week, including Rihanna, Lil Wayne, and other stars. The season also featured special guest appearances by various music celebrities including Justin Bieber, The Black Eyed Peas, Katy Perry, Kesha, Nicki Minaj, and Kanye West. Dominic \"D-Trix\" Sandoval, a former member of Quest Crew, the winner of the third season of \"America's Best",
"title": "America's Best Dance Crew (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "14827030",
"text": "at [[AIIMS]] in [[Delhi]]. He studied at the Hindu college in [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. Kapil Sharma has a brother named Ashok Kumar Sharma, who is a Police constable and a sister named Pooja Pawan Devgan. Sharma married Ginni Chatrath in Jalandhar on 12 December 2018 Kapil rose to fame after winning the comedy reality television show \"[[The Great Indian Laughter Challenge]]\" in 2007, for which he won a cash prize of [[Indian rupee|INR]] ₹10 lakh. He had previously worked in the Punjabi show \"Hasde Hasande Ravo\" on MH One channel. [[File:Prabhudeva, Sonu Sood, Shahid Kapoor, Sonakshi Sinha and Kapil Sharma",
"title": "Kapil Sharma (comedian)"
},
{
"id": "4643050",
"text": "Chamba, Dalshone and Cholamba, Jataru Kayang, Nuala, Jhoori, Ji, Swang Tegi, Rasa. Jharkhand Mundari dance, Santali dance. Karnataka veeragase, Nandi Dhwaja, Beesu Kamshaley, Pata Kunitha, Bana Debara Kunitha, Pooja kunitha, Karaga, Gorawa Mela, Bhuta Nrutya, Naga Nrutya, Batte Kola, Chennu Kunitha, Maaragalu Kunitha, Kolata, Simha Nrutya, Yakshagana Kerala Thirayattam, Padayani, Ayyappanvilakku, Vattakkali, Theyyam, Madhya Pradesh Gaur, Muriya, Saila, Kaksar, Sugga, Banjaara (Lehangi), Matki Dance, Phul Patti Dance, Grida Dance. Manipur Lie Haraoba Dance, Chanlam, Toonaga Lomna Dance Meghalaya Wiking, Pombalang Nongkrem Mizoram Cheraw, Khuallam, Chheihlam, Chailam, Tlanglam, Sarlamkai,Chawnglaizawn Maharashtra Lavani, Koli, Tamasha, Bala Dindi & Dhangari Gaja Odisha Naga, Ghumri",
"title": "Dance in India"
},
{
"id": "15150497",
"text": "\"I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here\". Jordan Banjo was the fourth celebrity to leave the jungle on the 29 November 2016. Since January 2018, Banjo has been the backstage digital presenter for \"Dancing on Ice\". Jordan Banjo Jordan Banjo (born 31 December 1992) is a British street dancer, best known as a current member of the dance troupe Diversity, who won the third series of \"Britain's Got Talent\". Prior to the formation of Diversity in 2007 Jordan was a member of Swift Moves Juniors along with fellow Diversity members Sam Craske and Warren Russell. Jordan is currently a member",
"title": "Jordan Banjo"
},
{
"id": "20522903",
"text": "Ishika Taneja Ishika Taneja (born 2 September 1994) is Miss India (2017–18) was crowned the Business Woman of the World at Miss World Tourism held in Melaka, Malaysia on January 27, 2018. She has also won the titles for Miss Popularity and Miss Beauty with Brain as Miss India. She was awarded the Rashtrapati Honour of \"100 Women Achievers of India\" by the President of India, Pranab Mukherhee, in the tenure of Narender Modi, on January 26, 2016. Ishika also featured in a promotional song for the Indian Political Thriller film Indu Sarkar, co-written, co-produced, and directed by Madhur Bhandarkar",
"title": "Ishika Taneja"
}
] | who won dance india dance season 6 2018 |
|
| [
{
"id": "1168172",
"text": "Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi () is a treaty first signed on 6 February 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and Māori chiefs (rangatira) from the North Island of New Zealand. It is a document of central importance to the history and political constitution of the state of New Zealand, and has been highly significant in framing the political relations between New Zealand's government and the Māori population. The Treaty was written at a time when British colonists were pressuring the Crown to establish a colony in New Zealand, and when some Māori leaders had petitioned the",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168248",
"text": "and William Hobson shaking hands. Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi () is a treaty first signed on 6 February 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and Māori chiefs (rangatira) from the North Island of New Zealand. It is a document of central importance to the history and political constitution of the state of New Zealand, and has been highly significant in framing the political relations between New Zealand's government and the Māori population. The Treaty was written at a time when British colonists were pressuring the Crown to establish a colony in New Zealand, and when some",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "2607576",
"text": "Waitangi, Northland Waitangi ( or , ) is a locality in the Bay of Islands on the North Island of New Zealand. It is close to the town of Paihia (of which it is considered a part), 60 kilometres north of Whangarei. The name means \"weeping waters\" in Māori. Waitangi is best known for being the location where the Treaty of Waitangi was first signed on February 6, 1840. It is also the place where the Declaration of Independence of New Zealand was signed five years earlier, on October 28, 1835. This document was ratified by the British Crown the",
"title": "Waitangi, Northland"
},
{
"id": "1168199",
"text": "of Islands only, and that not many of the chiefs of the highest rank had signed on that day. Hobson considered the initial signing at Waitangi to be the \"de facto\" treaty, while later signings merely \"ratified and confirmed it\", To enhance the Treaty's authority, eight additional copies were sent around the country to gather additional signatures: About 50 meetings were held from February to September 1840 to discuss and sign the copies, and a further 500 signatures were added to the Treaty. While most did eventually sign, especially in the far north where most Māori lived, a number of",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1848500",
"text": "Bay of Islands. The treaty was signed by representatives acting on behalf of the British Crown and, initially, about 45 Māori chiefs. Over the course of the next seven months, copies of the treaty were toured around the country to give other chiefs the opportunity to sign. The signing had the effect of securing British sovereignty over the islands of New Zealand, which was officially proclaimed on 21 May 1840. Prior to 1934, most celebrations of New Zealand's founding as a colony were held on 29 January, the date on which William Hobson arrived in the Bay of Islands to",
"title": "Waitangi Day"
},
{
"id": "2607578",
"text": "the Crown were Te Wharerahi, Pumuka, and the two Hokianga chiefs, Tāmati Wāka Nene and his brother Eruera Maihi Patuone. The proceedings were ended and were to recommence on February 7; however, a number of chiefs pressed to sign earlier. The Treaty of Waitangi was initially signed on February 6, 1840 in a marquee erected in the grounds of James Busby's house at Waitangi by representatives of the British Crown, the chiefs of the Confederation of the United Tribes of New Zealand, and other Māori tribal leaders, and subsequently by other Māori chiefs at other places in New Zealand. Not",
"title": "Waitangi, Northland"
},
{
"id": "1168174",
"text": "around New Zealand and over the following months many other chiefs signed. Around 530 to 540 Māori, at least 13 of them women, signed the Treaty of Waitangi, despite some Māori leaders cautioning against it. An immediate result of the Treaty was that Queen Victoria's government gained the sole right to purchase land. In total there are nine signed copies of the Treaty of Waitangi including the sheet signed on 6 February 1840 at Waitangi. The text of the Treaty includes a preamble and three articles. It is bilingual, with the Māori text translated from the English. Article one of",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168178",
"text": "been made part of New Zealand municipal law. Nonetheless, the Treaty is widely regarded as the founding document of New Zealand. Waitangi Day was established as a national holiday in 1974 and commemorates the date of the signing of the Treaty. The first contact between the Māori and Europeans was in 1642, when Dutch explorer Abel Tasman arrived and was fought off, and again in 1769 when the English navigator Captain James Cook claimed New Zealand for Britain at the Mercury Islands. Nevertheless, the British government showed little interest in following up this claim for over half a century. The",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168173",
"text": "British for protection against French forces. It was drafted with the intention of establishing a British Governor of New Zealand, recognising Māori ownership of their lands, forests and other possessions, and giving Māori the rights of British subjects. It was intended to ensure that when the declaration of British sovereignty over New Zealand was made by Lieutenant Governor William Hobson in May 1840, the Māori people would not feel that their rights had been ignored. Once it had been written and translated, it was first signed by Northern Māori leaders at Waitangi, and subsequently copies of the Treaty were taken",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "4287456",
"text": "the British Crown and negotiate a treaty with the Māori. The Treaty of Waitangi was first signed in the Bay of Islands on 6 February 1840. The drafting was done hastily and confusion and disagreement continue to surround the translation. The Treaty however remains regarded as New Zealand's foundation as a nation and is revered by Māori as a guarantee of their rights. In response to New Zealand Company attempts to establish a separate colony in Wellington, and French claims in Akaroa, Hobson, now Lieutenant-Governor, declared British sovereignty over all of New Zealand on 21 May 1840. The two proclamations",
"title": "New Zealanders"
},
{
"id": "1848499",
"text": "Waitangi Day Waitangi Day is the national day of New Zealand, and commemorates the signing, on 6 February 1840, of the Treaty of Waitangi. Ceremonies take place at Waitangi, Northland to commemorate the signing of the treaty, which is regarded as New Zealand's founding document. The day is observed annually and is designated a public holiday, unless 6 February falls on a Saturday or Sunday, when the Monday that immediately follows becomes the public holiday. The Treaty of Waitangi was first signed on 6 February 1840 on the grounds of James Busby's house—now known as Treaty House—at Waitangi, in the",
"title": "Waitangi Day"
},
{
"id": "1168196",
"text": "house and lawn and continued deliberations late into the night. Busby's house would later become known as the Treaty House and is today New Zealand's most visited historic building. Hobson had planned for the signing to occur on 7 February however on the morning of 6 February 45 chiefs were waiting ready to sign. Around noon a ship carrying two officers from \"HMS Herald\" arrived and were surprised to hear they were waiting for the Governor so a boat was quickly despatched back to let him know. Although the official painting of the signing shows Hobson wearing full naval regalia,",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "52568",
"text": "European settlement increased through the early decades of the 19th century, with numerous trading stations established, especially in the North. In 1839, the New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land and establish colonies in New Zealand. On 6 February 1840, Captain William Hobson and around 40 Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi. This treaty is considered by many to be New Zealand's founding document, but differing interpretations of the Maori and English versions of the text have meant that it continues to be a source of dispute. Britain was challenged again by France under Napoleon,",
"title": "British Empire"
},
{
"id": "1168192",
"text": "a reference to the northern confederation of chiefs with whom Hobson preferred to negotiate, who eventually made up the vast majority of signatories to the Treaty. Hobson believed that elsewhere in the country the Crown could exercise greater freedom over the rights of 'first discoverers', which proved unwise as it led to future difficulties with other tribes in the South Island. On 5 February the original English version Treaty and its translation into Māori were put before a gathering of northern chiefs inside a large marquee on the lawn in front of Busby's house at Waitangi. Hobson read the Treaty",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168246",
"text": "sovereignty or how the Treaty relationship should operate today\". Recommendations of the Tribunal are not binding on the Crown, but have often been followed. The anniversary of the signing of the Treaty – 6 February – is the New Zealand national day, Waitangi Day. The day was first commemorated in 1934, when the site of the original signing, Treaty House, was made a public reserve (along with its grounds). However, it was not until 1974 that the date was made a public holiday. Waitangi Day has been the focus of protest by Māori (as was particularly the case from the",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168204",
"text": "1841, Treaty documents, housed in an iron box, narrowly escaped damage when the government offices at Official Bay in Auckland were destroyed by fire. They disappeared from sight until 1865 when a Native Department officer worked on them in Wellington at the request of parliament and produced an erroneous list of signatories. The papers were fastened together and then deposited in a safe in the Colonial Secretary's office. In 1877, the English-language rough draft of the Treaty was published along with photolithographic facsimiles, and the originals were returned to storage. In 1908, historian and bibliographer Dr Thomas Hocken, searching for",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "501929",
"text": "Wales George Gipps was appointed Governor over New Zealand. This was the first clear expression of British intent to annex New Zealand. On 6 February 1840, Hobson and about forty Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands. Copies of the Treaty were subsequently taken around the country to be signed by other chiefs. A significant number refused to sign or were not asked but, in total, more than five hundred Māori eventually signed. The Treaty gave Māori sovereignty over their lands and possessions and all of the rights of British citizens. What it",
"title": "History of New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "1168207",
"text": "the Treaty was deposited in the Reserve Bank. In anticipation of a decision to exhibit the document in 1990 (the sesquicentennial of the signing), full documentation and reproduction photography was carried out. Several years of planning culminated with the opening of the climate-controlled Constitution Room at the National Archives by Mike Moore, Prime Minister of New Zealand, in November 1990. It was announced in 2012 that the nine Treaty of Waitangi sheets would be relocated to the National Library of New Zealand in 2013. The Treaty itself is short, consisting of a preamble and three articles. The English text (from",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1848501",
"text": "issue the proclamation of his appointment, which had been prepared by colonial office officials in England. Hobson had no draft treaty. From the British perspective the proclamation was the key legal document, \"what the treaty said was less important\". In 1932, Governor-General Lord Bledisloe and his wife purchased and presented to the nation the run-down house of James Busby, where the treaty was initially signed. They subsequently donated to restore the building. The Treaty House and grounds were made a public reserve, which was dedicated on 6 February 1934. This event is considered to be the first Waitangi Day. In",
"title": "Waitangi Day"
},
{
"id": "1168197",
"text": "he was in fact not expecting the chiefs that day and was wearing his dressing gown or \"in plain clothes, except his hat\". The Treaty signing began in the afternoon. Hobson headed the British signatories. Hōne Heke was the first of the Māori chiefs who signed that day. As each chief signed, Hobson said \"\"He iwi tahi tātou\"\", meaning \"We are [now] one people\". Two chiefs, Marupō and Ruhe, protested strongly against the Treaty as the signing took place but they eventually signed and after Marupō shook the Governor's hand, seized hold of his hat which was on the table",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168233",
"text": "not binding on the Crown. The Treaty returned to the public eye after the Treaty House and grounds were purchased by the Governor-General, Viscount Bledisloe, in the early 1930s and donated to the nation. The dedication of the site as a national reserve in 1934 was probably the first major event held there since the 1840s. The profile of the Treaty was further raised by the centenary of 1940. For most of the twentieth century, text books, government publicity and many historians touted the Treaty as the moral foundation of colonisation and argued that it set race relations in New",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "285853",
"text": "announced in 1839 its plans to establish colonies in New Zealand this and the increased commercial interests of merchants in Sydney and London spurred the British to take stronger action. Captain William Hobson was sent to New Zealand to persuade Māori to cede their sovereignty to the British Crown and on 6 February 1840, Hobson and about forty Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands. From this point onward there was considerable European settlement, primarily from England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland; and to a lesser extent the United States, India, China, and various",
"title": "New Zealand English"
},
{
"id": "2562953",
"text": "Treaty House The Treaty House at Waitangi in Northland, New Zealand, is the former house of the British Resident in New Zealand, James Busby. The Treaty of Waitangi, the document that established the British Colony of New Zealand, was signed in the grounds of the Treaty House on 6 February 1840. The grounds had previously been the site of other important events, such as the signing of the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand in 1835. The house and grounds remained in private hands until 1932, when they were purchased by Governor General Viscount Bledisloe and donated to the",
"title": "Treaty House"
},
{
"id": "9487009",
"text": "Zealand Wars, had occurred in the nineteenth century, and the Tribunal was powerless to investigate these. Some people (Māori as well as others), including many in the National Party opposition, opposed the Act on the grounds that it would be divisive. Waitangi Day, named after Waitangi where the Treaty of Waitangi was first signed, commemorates a significant day in the history of New Zealand. Ceremonies take place each year on 6 February to celebrate the signing of the treaty, New Zealand's founding document, on that date in 1840. The day is a public holiday, unless it falls on a Saturday",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975"
},
{
"id": "1168188",
"text": "in Akaroa. After examining Colonial office documents and correspondence (both private and public) of those who developed the policies that led to the development of the Treaty, historian Paul Moon similarly argues that Treaty was not envisioned with deliberate intent to assert sovereignty over Māori, but that the Crown originally only intended to apply rule over British subjects living in the fledgling colony, and these rights were later expanded by subsequent governors through perceived necessity. Hobson left London on 15 August 1839 and was sworn in as Lieutenant-Governor in Sydney on 14 January, finally arriving in the Bay of Islands",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168182",
"text": "threat of the French never materialised, in 1831 it prompted thirteen rangatira (major chiefs) from the far north of the country to meet at Kerikeri to compose a letter to King William IV asking for help to guard their lands. It is the first known plea for British intervention written by Māori. In response, the British government sent James Busby in 1832 to be the British Resident in New Zealand. In 1834 Busby drafted a document known as the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand which he and 35 northern Māori chiefs signed at Waitangi on 28 October 1835,",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1532476",
"text": "and Matthew. The Treaty of Waitangi was first proposed by Hobson on his return to Britain from his first visit to New Zealand. Upon arrival in New Zealand, Hobson almost immediately drafted the Treaty of Waitangi together with his secretary James Freeman and James Busby. Busby had previously drafted the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand. Hobson headed the British signatories. Of the 40 or so Māori chiefs, the Ngapuhi chief Hōne Heke was the first to sign the treaty. As each chief signed, Hobson said \"\"He iwi tahi tātou\"\", meaning \"We are [now] one people\". To enhance the",
"title": "William Hobson"
},
{
"id": "9454999",
"text": "government, and as early as June the British Government was considering sending Captain William Hobson to act as Lieutenant-Governor over such parts of New Zealand as might be acquired from the Māori. Hobson was notified of his appointment in August. He arrived at the Bay of Islands on 29 January 1840, and on 6 February the first signatures were placed on the Treaty of Waitangi. At that date, neither of the French ships had left France. While they were still on the high seas, in May 1840 Hobson proclaimed British sovereignty over the South Island by virtue of Captain Cook's",
"title": "History of Canterbury, New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "1168247",
"text": "1970s through to the 1990s), but today the day is often used as an opportunity to discuss the history and lasting effects of the Treaty. The anniversary is officially commemorated at the Treaty House at Waitangi, where it was first signed. In 1940, New Zealand issued a 2d stamp recognising the centenary of the Treaty. New Zealand Post issued a miniature sheet of two stamps in 1990 to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty. Another miniature sheet was issued in 2015 to mark the 175th anniversary. The $2.50 sheet showed the figures of Tamati Waka Nene",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "7671989",
"text": "land from Māori) and the dubious legal standing of the Declaration of Independence prompted the Colonial Office to send Captain William Hobson to claim sovereignty for the United Kingdom and negotiate a treaty with the Māori. The Treaty of Waitangi was first signed in the Bay of Islands on 6 February 1840. In response to the New Zealand Company's attempts to establish an independent settlement in Wellington and French settlers purchasing land in Akaroa, Hobson declared British sovereignty over all of New Zealand on 21 May 1840, even though copies of the Treaty were still circulating throughout the country for",
"title": "New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "20926717",
"text": "of mana whenua to their ancestor Papatūānuku and their legal system of tikanga. It is an obligation and responsibility of every generation to protect, safeguard and ensure it continues intact. The Treaty of Waitangi was first signed on 6 February 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and Māori chiefs (rangatira) from the North Island of New Zealand. It is a document of central importance to the history and political constitution of the state of New Zealand, and has been highly significant in framing the political relations between New Zealand's government and the Māori population. The differences between the two",
"title": "Mana motuhake"
},
{
"id": "4027500",
"text": "of the largest harbours in the world, stretching some 65 kilometres from north to south. Further north is the smaller Hokianga harbour, which is of historic and cultural significance, especially to the Māori people. Another historically significant site is Waitangi and the surrounding Bay of Islands. This was a major settlement in early colonial New Zealand, and was the site of the first signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, which is seen as the founding document of New Zealand's nationhood. The largest settlement on the peninsula (other than parts of the Auckland conurbation) is Whangarei, on a harbour opening on",
"title": "Northland Peninsula"
},
{
"id": "1168184",
"text": "the Colonial Office. From April to May 1838, the House of Lords held a select committee into the \"State of the Islands of New Zealand\". The New Zealand Association (later the New Zealand Company), missionaries, Joel Samuel Polack, and the Royal Navy made submissions to the committee. On 15 June 1839 new Letters Patent were issued to expand the territory of New South Wales to include the entire territory of New Zealand, from latitude 34° South to 47° 10' South, and from longitude 166° 5' East to 179° East. Governor of New South Wales George Gipps was appointed Governor over",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "3258078",
"text": "As a result, the declaration's ratification by the British Parliament in 1836, officials in the Colonial Office determined in 1839 that a treaty of cessation would need to be signed with Māori for the British Crown to acquire sovereignty over New Zealand. The Treaty of Waitangi was signed in 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and over 500 Māori chiefs, and is considered the founding document of the nation. The Treaty identifies the Crown's right to \"kawanatanga\", or \"governorship\", leading one Māori academic to argue that \"kawanatanga\", or Her Majesty's Government in New Zealand, is party to the treaty.",
"title": "Monarchy of New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "1168183",
"text": "establishing those chiefs as representatives of a proto-state under the title of the \"United Tribes of New Zealand\". This document was not well received by the Colonial Office in Britain, and it was decided that a new policy for New Zealand was needed. From May to July 1836, Royal Navy officer Captain William Hobson, under instruction from Sir Richard Bourke, visited New Zealand to investigate claims of lawlessness in its settlements. Hobson recommended in his report that British sovereignty be established over New Zealand, in small pockets similar to the Hudson's Bay Company in Canada. Hobson's report was forwarded to",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168201",
"text": "Assent to the Treaty was unanimous in Kaitaia, as well as possibly the Wellington to Whanganui region, but there were at least some holdouts in every other part of New Zealand. Nonetheless, on 21 May 1840, Lieutenant-Governor Hobson proclaimed sovereignty over the whole country, (the North Island by Treaty and the South Island and Stewart Island by discovery) and New Zealand was constituted as a colony separate from New South Wales on 16 November 1840. The British government was told that the North Island had been ceded with \"unanimous adherence\" (which was not accurate) and while Hobson claimed the South",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "2607580",
"text": "about the Treaty's effects whilst at the meeting on February 5, but that the discussion that he had with the Reverend Charles Baker, combined with Moka's final comment, should be taken into account. The introduction of the Treaty effectively revoked the Declaration of Independence, making New Zealand a British colony, and the Treaty is generally considered the founding document of New Zealand as a nation. Waitangi Day is the annual celebration of the signing, and is New Zealand's national holiday. What is now called the 'Treaty House' was first occupied by James Busby, who acted as the British resident in",
"title": "Waitangi, Northland"
},
{
"id": "14553973",
"text": "the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi on 6 February 1840, Hobson sought advice from those who had been living in New Zealand for some time. The missionary Henry Williams recommended the area around the Waitematā Harbour. William Cornwallis Symonds agreed with that assessment. A week after the signing of the treaty, seven Māori chiefs from Orakei on the Waitematā Harbour came to see Hobson and invited him to stay amongst them. They wanted protection from a rival iwi, the Ngāpuhi, and offered him land in return for living there. On 21 February, a small party including Hobson, Williams, Symonds,",
"title": "Capital of New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "1168179",
"text": "first mention of New Zealand in British statutes is in the Murders Abroad Act of 1817, which clarified that New Zealand was not a British colony (despite being claimed by Captain Cook) and \"not within His Majesty's dominions.\" Between 1795 and 1830 a steady flow of sealing and then whaling ships visited New Zealand, mainly stopping at the Bay of Islands for food supplies and recreation. Many of the ships came from Sydney. Trade between Sydney and New Zealand increased as traders sought kauri timber and flax and missionaries purchased large areas of land in the Bay of Islands. This",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "12824157",
"text": "Norfolk Island, and the Australian Antarctic Territory. New Zealand also had a native people before the arrival of European colonisers; the Māori, a Polynesian people, settled the islands around AD 1300. The Treaty of Waitangi, signed on 6 February 1840, was an agreement between Māori chiefs in the North Island and representatives of the then British Crown; roughly 500 other Māori chiefs throughout New Zealand later signed. Following the Treaty, the islands of New Zealand became a British Crown colony and Queen Victoria became the monarch over New Zealand. The New Zealand monarchy has evolved to become a distinctly New",
"title": "Monarchies in Oceania"
},
{
"id": "11005767",
"text": "Major Thomas Banbury on board bringing the Treaty of Waitangi for the South Island chiefs to sign. This took place on Horahora-Kakahu Island just offshore from the eastern shoreline. The only European to sign the Treaty as one of the cedants, Joseph Thomas, son-in-law of Te Rauparaha's elder brother Nohorua, signed on the 16th. Nouhora himself, initially reluctant to sign, did so on 17 June. A commemorative bronze plaque marking the occasion was unveiled here on 3 October 1964. The name of the harbour was officially altered to Te Whanganui / Port Underwood in August 2014. John Jacky Guard (1790/92",
"title": "Port Underwood"
},
{
"id": "1168189",
"text": "on 29 January 1840. Meanwhile, a second New Zealand Company ship, the \"Cuba\", had arrived in Port Nicholson on 3 January with a survey party to prepare for settlement. The \"Aurora\", the first ship carrying immigrants, arrived on 22 January. On 30 January 1840 Hobson attended the Christ Church at Kororareka (Russell) where he publicly read a number of proclamations. The first was the Letters Patent 1839, in relation to the extension of the boundaries of New South Wales to include the islands of New Zealand. The second was in relation to Hobson's own appointment as Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand.",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "18055500",
"text": "the second captain Charles Armand Isidore Desprairies. The \"Comte de Paris\" arrived in Akaroa, New Zealand on August 13, 1840. Unknown to the French and German immigrants, they had landed in a British colony. This is because on February 30, 1840 the South Island chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi. The Treaty represents an agreement over land ownership between the British Crown and Māori tribes. The settlers were offered free passage to Tahiti or the Marquesas when they learnt that they had arrived in a British colony. None accepted this offer. The French Government then came to an agreement with",
"title": "Comte de Paris (ship)"
},
{
"id": "1168244",
"text": "wanted the Treaty kept in law; additionally, 39.7% agreed Māori deserved compensation, 15.7% were neutral, and 41.2% disagreed. While the Treaty is still today not specifically part of New Zealand domestic law, it is nevertheless regarded as the founding document of New Zealand. During the early 1990s, the government began to negotiate settlements of historical (pre-1992) claims. , there were 23 such settlements of various sizes, totalling approximately $950 million. Settlements generally include financial redress, a formal Crown apology for breaches of the Treaty, and recognition of the group's cultural associations with various sites. The tribunal has, in some cases,",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "2100842",
"text": "within the town's area. Fighting on the beach at Kororareka in March 1830, between northern and southern hapū within the Ngāpuhi iwi, became known as the Girls’ War. On 30 January 1840 at the Christ Church, Governor Hobson read his Proclamations (which were the beginnings of the Treaty of Waitangi) in the presence of a number of settlers and the Maori chief Moka Te Kainga-mataa. A document confirming what had happened was signed at this time by around forty witnesses, including Moka, the only Maori signatory. The following week, the Treaty proceedings would then move across to the western side",
"title": "Russell, New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "17349933",
"text": "as Commissaire du Roi. Aware of the potential threat of losing sovereignty of parts of the New Zealand island chain to the French, during early 1840, Lieutenant-Governor William Hobson was tasked with securing the whole of the country for the British Government. To this end, the Treaty of Waitangi was signed as an agreement between the British Crown and the indigenous Māori population. By the time \"Aube\" arrived at the Bay of Islands in June 1840, the acquisition of the country by Britain was effectively complete. Faced with no prospect of anything more than a small colonial settlement, Lavaud left",
"title": "Nanto-Bordelaise Company"
},
{
"id": "2607581",
"text": "New Zealand from 1832 until the arrival of William Hobson, and his wife Agnes Busby. In preparation for New Zealand Centenary in 1940 the Treaty House was restored in the 1930s, and the Māori meeting house was built beside it, sparking the first emergence of the Treaty into Pākehā attention since the 19th century. Waitangi, Northland Waitangi ( or , ) is a locality in the Bay of Islands on the North Island of New Zealand. It is close to the town of Paihia (of which it is considered a part), 60 kilometres north of Whangarei. The name means \"weeping",
"title": "Waitangi, Northland"
},
{
"id": "1168220",
"text": "compensation. However, before the Treaty had been finalised the New Zealand Company had made several hasty land deals and shipped settlers from Great Britain to New Zealand, hoping the British would be forced to accept its land claims as a fait accompli, in which it was largely successful. In part the Treaty was an attempt to establish a system of property rights for land with the Crown controlling and overseeing land sale to prevent abuse. Initially this worked well with the Governor and his representatives having the sole right to buy and sell land from the Māori. Māori were eager",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168219",
"text": "reversed his earlier statement – feeling that the substance of the land had indeed gone to the Queen; only the shadow remained for the Māori. In November 1840 a royal charter was signed by Queen Victoria, establishing New Zealand as a Crown colony separate from New South Wales from May 1841. The short-term effect of the Treaty was to prevent the sale of Māori land to anyone other than the Crown. This was intended to protect Māori from the kinds of shady land purchases which had alienated indigenous peoples in other parts of the world from their land with minimal",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "9455000",
"text": "discovery. The same month HMS \"Herald\" arrived at Akaroa, bringing Major Thomas Bunbury, who was carrying a copy of the Treaty of Waitangi for signature by the southern chiefs. At Akaroa it was signed by two chiefs, Iwikau and Tikao. Three weeks later at Cloudy Bay, Bunbury made a declaration of British sovereignty over the whole of the South Island, based upon the cession by the chiefs as signatories to the Treaty of Waitangi. It was not until 19 August that the French colonists were landed at Akaroa. Much was done in getting the French settlers established. Allotments were laid",
"title": "History of Canterbury, New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "8979120",
"text": "for Britain by right of discovery, and it was part of New South Wales until 1840.) By 1840 Te Kawau had become the paramount chief of Ngāti Whātua. Cautious of reprisals from the Ngāpuhi defeated at Matakitaki, Te Kawau found it most convenient to offer Governor Hobson land around the present central city. He and six other chiefs travelled to the Bay of Islands to make the offer and signed the Treaty of Waitangi on 20 March. As the Māori population declined for nearly a century, so did the quantity of land held by Ngāti Whātua. Within 20 years, 40%",
"title": "History of Auckland"
},
{
"id": "3258101",
"text": "Resident to protect British trading interests. Despite Busby's presence, trouble increased. In 1840, the British government sent Captain William Hobson to New Zealand as lieutenant governor; he was instructed to negotiate a voluntary transfer of sovereignty from the Māori to the British Crown. The resultant Treaty of Waitangi was signed on 6 February 1840, at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands. Following the Treaty, the islands of New Zealand became a Crown colony and Queen Victoria became the monarch over New Zealand. In the early 19th century, some Māori who visited London were introduced to royalty. The first, Moehanga (or",
"title": "Monarchy of New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "1168203",
"text": "received 512 signatures, where in truth the majority of signatures had been on the Māori copies that had been sent around the country, rather than on the single English copy. Basing their decision on this information, on 2 October 1840, the Colonial Office approved Hobson's proclamation. They did not have second thoughts when later reports revealed more detail about the inadequacies of the Treaty negotiations, and they did not take issue with the fact that large areas of the North Island had not signed. The government had never asked for Hobson to obtain unanimous agreement from the indigenous people. In",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168185",
"text": "New Zealand. This was the first clear expression of British intent to annex New Zealand. Hobson was called to the Colonial Office on the evening of 14 August 1839 and given instructions to take the constitutional steps needed to establish a British colony. He was appointed Consul to New Zealand and was instructed to negotiate a voluntary transfer of sovereignty from the Māori to the British Crown as the House of Lords select committee had recommended in 1837. Normanby gave Hobson three instructions – to seek a cession of sovereignty, to assume complete control over land matters, and to establish",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "184124",
"text": "(now Vanuatu), after the islands north of Scotland. The History of New Zealand dates back to at least 700 years to when it was discovered and settled by Polynesians, who developed a distinct Māori culture centred on kinship links and land. The first European explorer, the Dutch Abel Tasman, came to New Zealand in 1642. From the late 18th century, the country was regularly visited by explorers and other sailors, missionaries, traders and adventurers. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between the British Crown and various Māori chiefs, bringing New Zealand into the British Empire and giving Māori",
"title": "History of the Pacific Islands"
},
{
"id": "1168230",
"text": "sale of the land. By the end of the century, nearly all of the highest quality Māori land had been sold, with only two million hectares remaining in Māori possession. Although the Treaty had never been incorporated into New Zealand municipal law, its provisions were first incorporated into legislation as early as the Land Claims Ordinance 1841 and the Native Rights Act 1865. However, in the 1877 \"Wi Parata v Bishop of Wellington\" judgement, Judge Prendergast argued that the Treaty was a 'simple nullity' in terms of transferring sovereignty from Māori to the United Kingdom. This remained the legal orthodoxy",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "7990402",
"text": "most pākehā academics agree that this declaration was abrogated five years later by the Treaty of Waitangi, which ceded the independence (recognised by King William IV of the United Kingdom) of Māori to the British Crown. The signing of the Treaty of Waitangi on 6 February 1840 marked the beginning of organised British colonisation of New Zealand. New Zealand was originally a sub-colony of the Colony of New South Wales, but in 1841 it was created as the Colony of New Zealand. Waitangi Day is thus celebrated as New Zealand's national day. Some constitutional lawyers, such as Moana Jackson, have",
"title": "Independence of New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "7130320",
"text": "missionaries, mariners, and merchants, attracted to natural resources in abundance. They came from the Australian colonies, Great Britain and Ireland, Germany (forming the next biggest immigrant group after the British and Irish), France, Portugal, the Netherlands, Denmark, The United States, and Canada. In 1840 representatives of the British Crown signed the Treaty of Waitangi with 240 Māori chiefs throughout New Zealand, motivated by plans for a French colony at Akaroa and land purchases by the New Zealand Company in 1839. British sovereignty was then proclaimed over New Zealand in May 1840. Some would later argue that the proclamation of sovereignty",
"title": "European New Zealanders"
},
{
"id": "4047597",
"text": "Island at that time. Between 1829 and 1832 the Waterloo made three return trips to Sydney per year selling seal skins, flax and whale oil and returning with supplies and trade goods. In 1832 Guard installed Capt Hall as a new master in the Waterloo. On 17 June 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed by South Island chiefs at Horahora-Kakahu Island, just off-shore from Port Underwood. It was being transported around the New Zealand coast on HMS \"Herald\". Te Koko-o-Kupe / Cloudy Bay Te Koko-o-Kupe / Cloudy Bay or simply Cloudy Bay is located at the northeast of New",
"title": "Te Koko-o-Kupe / Cloudy Bay"
},
{
"id": "17903591",
"text": "signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. The memorial foundation base was constructed out of Sydney sandstone (described as 'Sydney freestone' in contemporary reports of the time period), the material used for the memorial itself was Oamaru stone. It was constructed with a large base with a shaft, capital and frieze with a diminishing column with the entire structure reaching a total height of . Plaques bearing an inscription of the full text of the Treaty of Waitangi in Māori were placed on all four sides of the base as well as a further inscription that 512 chiefs had been signatories.",
"title": "Waitangi Treaty Monument"
},
{
"id": "1672593",
"text": "on 11 March 1845, the Battle of Ohaeawai on 23 June 1845 and the siege of Ruapekapeka Pā from 27 December 1845 to 11 January 1846. The signing of the Treaty of Waitangi started on 6 February 1840, and conflict between the Crown and Māori tribes was to some extent inevitable after that. Ostensibly, the treaty established the legal basis for the British presence in New Zealand. However, the actions of Hōne Heke and Te Ruki Kawiti in 1844 reflect the controversy that began soon after the treaty was signed, over its meaning and the understanding of the Māori signatories",
"title": "Flagstaff War"
},
{
"id": "1532469",
"text": "William Hobson Captain William Hobson RN (26 September 1792 – 10 September 1842) was a British naval officer who served as the first Governor of New Zealand. He was a co-author of the Treaty of Waitangi. Hobson was dispatched from London in August 1839 with instructions to take the constitutional steps needed to establish a British colony in New Zealand. He was sworn in as Lieutenant-Governor in Sydney (under George Gipps) and arrived in New Zealand on 29 January 1840. On 5 February 1840, Hobson met with Māori chiefs at Waitangi, where they signed a treaty by which the chiefs",
"title": "William Hobson"
},
{
"id": "2562957",
"text": "waka taua (war canoe) \"Ngā Toki Matawhaorua\", both built for the 1940 celebrations. A flagstaff stands on the spot where the Treaty was signed. The original flagstaff was erected by the New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy just prior to the Waitangi Day celebrations of 1934. The Waitangi Treaty Monument, built in circa 1880–1881 and also registered as a Category 1 heritage item, is located nearby. Treaty House The Treaty House at Waitangi in Northland, New Zealand, is the former house of the British Resident in New Zealand, James Busby. The Treaty of Waitangi, the document that established the",
"title": "Treaty House"
},
{
"id": "10042435",
"text": "such as return of unjustly taken land, and the promotion of the Māori language. The Treaty of Waitangi was an agreement, made in 1840, between the British Crown and various Māori chiefs. Although major differences between the Māori and English language versions of the Treaty make it difficult to ascertain exactly what was promised to who, the Treaty essentially gave the British the right to establish a governor in New Zealand, stated the rights of the chiefs to ownership of their lands and other properties, and gave Māori the rights of British citizens. Although the Treaty is generally seen as",
"title": "Māori protest movement"
},
{
"id": "1532482",
"text": "Biography\" cites: William Hobson Captain William Hobson RN (26 September 1792 – 10 September 1842) was a British naval officer who served as the first Governor of New Zealand. He was a co-author of the Treaty of Waitangi. Hobson was dispatched from London in August 1839 with instructions to take the constitutional steps needed to establish a British colony in New Zealand. He was sworn in as Lieutenant-Governor in Sydney (under George Gipps) and arrived in New Zealand on 29 January 1840. On 5 February 1840, Hobson met with Māori chiefs at Waitangi, where they signed a treaty by which",
"title": "William Hobson"
},
{
"id": "7309073",
"text": "smallpox, to which they had no biological immunity. From the early 19th century, New Zealand was being visited by explorers, sailors, missionaries, traders and adventurers and was administered by Britain from the nearby colony at New South Wales. In 1840 Britain signed the Treaty of Waitangi with the natives of New Zealand, the Māori, in which Britain gained sovereignty over the archipelago. As British settlers arrived, clashes resulted and the British fought several wars before defeating the Māori. By 1870, New Zealand had a population made up mostly of Britons and their descendants. Following independence from Britain, the United States",
"title": "History of Western civilization"
},
{
"id": "1848520",
"text": "and only you can tell me when I have done that\". Wally Haumaha, assistant commissioner told the NZ Herald it was the best Waitangi Day commemoration he'd been at in over a decade saying that \"I can retire gracefully and know that we saw this day where the government was treated with respect and dignity\". Waitangi Day Waitangi Day is the national day of New Zealand, and commemorates the signing, on 6 February 1840, of the Treaty of Waitangi. Ceremonies take place at Waitangi, Northland to commemorate the signing of the treaty, which is regarded as New Zealand's founding document.",
"title": "Waitangi Day"
},
{
"id": "1168228",
"text": "to discuss the Treaty and land at Kohimarama, Auckland. This became known as the Kohimarama Conference, and was an attempt to prevent the spread of fighting to other regions of New Zealand. Those at the conference reaffirmed the Treaty and the Queen's sovereignty, and suggested that a native council be established, but this did not occur. The Native Land Court (later renamed the Māori Land Court) was established under the Native Land Court Act of 1862, which also finally abolished the Crown right to pre-emption. It was through this court that much Māori land was alienated, and the way in",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "2607577",
"text": "following year (1836). The Treaty of Waitangi proper began on February 5, 1840 when a public meeting was held on the grounds in front of James Busby's residence. Lieutenant Governor Hobson read a proposed document to the 300 or so European and Māori who were in attendance and then provided the Māori chiefs an opportunity to speak. Initially, a large number of chiefs (including Te Kemara, Rewa and Moka Te Kainga-mataa) spoke against accepting the Crown's proposition to rule over Aotearoa. Later in the proceedings a few chiefs began to entertain the idea; amongst the more notable chiefs to support",
"title": "Waitangi, Northland"
},
{
"id": "1168227",
"text": "(chieftainship). Tensions continued to escalate in the early 1860s, when the government used the Maori King movement as an excuse to invade lands in the eastern parts of the North Island, culminating in the Crown's confiscation of large parts of the Waikato and Taranaki from the Māori there. The armed conflicts eventually became known as the New Zealand Wars. The Treaty was used to justify the idea that the chiefs of Waikato and Taranaki were rebels against the Crown. In July 1860, during the conflicts, Governor Thomas Gore Browne convened a group of some 200 Māori (including over 100 Chiefs)",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "501909",
"text": "the country was regularly visited by explorers and other sailors, missionaries, traders and adventurers. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between the British Crown and various Māori chiefs, bringing New Zealand into the British Empire and giving Māori the same rights as British subjects. There was extensive British settlement throughout the rest of the century and into the early part of the next century. War and the imposition of a European economic and legal system led to most of New Zealand's land passing from Māori to Pākehā (European) ownership, and most Māori subsequently became impoverished. From the 1890s",
"title": "History of New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "12105867",
"text": "travelled to England and the colonies to explore options for the establishing of a Māori government and, in 1834, Busby drafted the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand, ratified by a number of northern chiefs in 1835. As part of this process, King William IV recognised and agreed to act as protector for the newly formed state. The Treaty of Waitangi was formed, which was signed by a number of Māori chiefs and representatives of the British Crown on 6 February 1840. British sovereignty was declared later in May of that year. New Zealand became a separate British Colony",
"title": "New Zealand–United Kingdom relations"
},
{
"id": "2562954",
"text": "nation. They were dedicated as a national reserve in 1934, in a ceremony attended by thousands of people, both Māori and Pākehā, and including the Māori King. It was the site of another major event in 1940, when the centenary of the Treaty signing was celebrated. From 1947 the grounds became the site of annual Waitangi Day celebrations. The Treaty House was built in 1833–34 for Busby and his family. It is one of New Zealand's oldest surviving buildings. Originally the building consisted of two main rooms, plus an entrance hallway, verandah, and a detached rear block containing a kitchen",
"title": "Treaty House"
},
{
"id": "1168213",
"text": "the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand which was signed by 35 northern Māori chiefs at Waitangi on 28 October 1835. The Declaration of Independence of New Zealand had stated \"\"Ko te Kīngitanga ko te mana i te w[h]enua\"\" to describe \"all sovereign power and authority in the land\". There is considerable debate about what would have been a more appropriate term. Some scholars, notably Ruth Ross, argue that \"mana\" (prestige, authority) would have more accurately conveyed the transfer of sovereignty. However, it has more recently been argued by others, including Judith Binney, that \"mana\" would not have been",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "19546351",
"text": "a long-running feud between the pair that lasted until Spain's departure from New Zealand. It took more than two decades to resolve the question of European land titles to pre-Annexation purchases. A variety of methods were used, including new legislation, another land commission, land exchanges with Maori, land purchases and military action to oust Maori from some areas. The Treaty of Waitangi, which transferred sovereignty over New Zealand to the British Crown, was first signed on 6 February 1840. Three months later New South Wales Governor George Gipps introduced to the NSW Legislative Council the New Zealand Land Claims Bill",
"title": "New Zealand Land Commission"
},
{
"id": "20754949",
"text": "was signed, most likely at Karaka Bay, by 17 chiefs mostly from Ngāti Pāoa and Ngāti Maru. William Hobson was not actually present for this signing as he was onboard the Herald at anchor having suffered a stroke 3 days previously. Instead, Captain Nias acted as head of the official party. Four months later, on 9 July 1840, another six chiefs signed the Treaty, most likely at Karaka Bay, this time with Hobson present . Captain David Rough, Auckland's first harbour master, described the event: \"The Union Jack was hoisted and the Treaty of Waitangi spread out for signatures on",
"title": "Karaka Bay (Auckland)"
},
{
"id": "1168195",
"text": "expected benefits of British protection must have outweighed their fears. In particular, the French were also interested in New Zealand, and there were fears that if they did not side with the British that the French would put pressure on them in a similar manner to that of other Pacific Islanders farther north in what would become French Polynesia. Māori at the signing were further encouraged by English Missionaries, who believed that British regulation would be invaluable to the future welfare of Māori as European settlers continued to arrive. Afterward, the chiefs then moved to a river flat below Busby's",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168198",
"text": "and gestured to put it on. Hobson considered the signing at Waitangi to be highly significant, he noted that twenty-six of the forty-six 'head chiefs' had signed. Hobson had no intention of requiring the unanimous assent of Māori to the Treaty, but was willing to accept a majority, as he reported that the signings at Waitangi represented \"Clear recognition of the sovereign rights of Her Majesty over the northern parts of this island\". However, those that signed at Waitangi did not even represent the north as a whole; an analysis of the signatures shows that most were from the Bay",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1958800",
"text": "de Thierry, a Frenchman, was proposing to declare French sovereignty over New Zealand. He drafted the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand and at a meeting in October signed it together with 35 chiefs from the northern part of New Zealand. After the arrival of William Hobson in 1840, Busby co-authored with him the Treaty of Waitangi. It was first signed on 5 and 6 February 1840 on the lawn outside his residence. Busby and his family left Waitangi that year. He declined an offer for a position in the new colonial government, and instead focused on farming interests,",
"title": "James Busby"
},
{
"id": "11598127",
"text": "and control European lawlessness. In 1839, the New Zealand Company announced plans to establish colonies in New Zealand. This alarmed the missionaries, who called for more British control. Captain William Hobson was sent to New Zealand to persuade Māori to cede their sovereignty to the British Crown. On 6 February 1840, Hobson and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands. The first general charting of the New Zealand coast was done with great competence by Cook on his first visit in 1769. The chart was published in 1772 and remained current for 66",
"title": "Early naval vessels of New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "13464478",
"text": "feeling. All of the chiefs who spoke against the Treaty on 5 February 1840 were Catholic. Years after the treaty was signed, Bishop Pompallier admitted that all the Catholic chiefs and especially Rewa, had consulted him for advice. Ultimately, the British government sent Royal Navy Captain William Hobson with instructions to negotiate a treaty between the British Crown and the people of New Zealand. Soon after arrival in New Zealand in February 1840, Hobson negotiated a treaty with North Island chiefs, later to become known as the Treaty of Waitangi. In the end, 500 tribal chiefs and a small number",
"title": "Māori people"
},
{
"id": "1168234",
"text": "Zealand above those of colonies in North America, Africa and Australia. There was some popular acceptance of the idea that the Treaty transferred sovereignty since the early twentieth century. Popular histories of New Zealand and the Treaty often claimed that the Treaty was an example of British benevolence and therefore an honourable contract. However, even though Māori continued to challenge this narrative, its lack of legal significance in 1840 and subsequent breaches tended to be overlooked until the 1970s, when these issues were raised by the Māori protest movement. The Waitangi Day Act of 1960 was a token gesture towards",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168190",
"text": "The third was in relation to land transactions (notably on the issue of pre-emption). Without a draft document prepared by lawyers or Colonial Office officials, Hobson was forced to write his own treaty with the help of his secretary, James Freeman, and British Resident James Busby, neither of whom was a lawyer. Historian Paul Moon believes certain articles of the Treaty resemble the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), the British Sherbro Agreement (1825) and the treaty between Britain and Soombia Soosoos (1826). The entire Treaty was prepared in four days, in which it underwent many revisions. There were doubts even during",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168205",
"text": "historical documents, found the Treaty papers in poor condition, damaged at the edges by water and partly eaten by rodents. The papers were restored by the Dominion Museum in 1913 and kept in special boxes from then on. In February 1940, the Treaty documents were taken to Waitangi for display in the Treaty House during the Centenary celebrations. It was possibly the first time the Treaty document had been on public display since it was signed. After the outbreak of war with Japan, they were placed with other state documents in an outsize luggage trunk and deposited for secure custody",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "6370794",
"text": "to the west. At the southern end of Symonds Street are the Symonds Street Shops. Here Upper Symonds Street has two major intersections with other arterial roads: Newton Road and Khyber Pass Road, and Mt Eden Road and New North Road. Symonds Street is named after Captain William Cornwallis Symonds (1810–41), an officer of the 96th Regiment of Foot of the British Army. He came to New Zealand in the early 1830s as agent of the Waitemata and Manukau Land Company and was instrumental in the founding of Auckland and the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. He was one",
"title": "Newton, New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "11163914",
"text": "as Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand, as well as clarify guidelines in relation to land transactions (especially the issue of pre-emption). Moka would be present and would be the ONLY Māori chief to sign this document \"Hobson's proclamation signed by inhabitants.\" On February 5, 1840, the three brothers attended a large hui at Waitangi (400 people) where they had an opportunity to speak publicly about the agreement which would become known as the \"Tiriti o Waitangi\" or \"Treaty of Waitangi\". Rewa and Moka vigorously opposed the signing, whilst Te Wharerahi sided with the Crown. Rewa informed Hobson that they didn't need",
"title": "Moka Te Kainga-mataa"
},
{
"id": "16451134",
"text": "explicit recognition of self-government within the British Empire. Following the proclamation of sovereignty over New Zealand from Sydney in January 1840, Captain William Hobson came to New Zealand and issued the same proclamation on 1 February 1840. The Treaty of Waitangi was subsequently signed on 6 February 1840, William Hobson declaring British sovereignty over the islands of New Zealand on 21 May 1840 in two separate formal declarations. In the first declaration, Hobson declared British sovereignty over the North Island. The basis for the claim over the North Island was the Treaty of Waitangi between the Māori and the British",
"title": "Colony of New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "19332950",
"text": "James Coates (parliamentary official) James Coates (1815 – 1 July 1854) was a prominent pioneer settler of Auckland New Zealand. He was also a senior official within the administration of the newly-established colony of New Zealand, following the proclamation of sovereignty by William Hobson (on behalf of the British Crown) and the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. Coates served in various roles, including as sheriff of the colony, magistrate, chief clerk in the Office of the Colonial Secretary, clerk of the executive and legislative councils, first clerk of the Auckland Provincial Council and, for five weeks prior",
"title": "James Coates (parliamentary official)"
},
{
"id": "19332965",
"text": "\"\"Disease of Heart\"\" as being the cause of death. He is buried in Symonds Street Cemetery Auckland. James Coates (parliamentary official) James Coates (1815 – 1 July 1854) was a prominent pioneer settler of Auckland New Zealand. He was also a senior official within the administration of the newly-established colony of New Zealand, following the proclamation of sovereignty by William Hobson (on behalf of the British Crown) and the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. Coates served in various roles, including as sheriff of the colony, magistrate, chief clerk in the Office of the Colonial Secretary, clerk of",
"title": "James Coates (parliamentary official)"
},
{
"id": "1168187",
"text": "and cede some land to settlers as part of a colony governed by the Crown. However, Normanby's instructions in 1839 show that the Colonial Office had shifted their stance toward colonisation and \"a settler New Zealand in which a place had to be kept for Māori\", primarily due to pressure from increasing numbers of British colonists. The Colonial Office was forced to accelerate its plans because of both the New Zealand Company's hurried dispatch of the \"Tory\" to New Zealand on 12 May 1839 to purchase land, and plans by French Captain Jean François L'Anglois to establish a French colony",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "1168200",
"text": "chiefs and some tribal groups ultimately refused, including Pōtatau Te Wherowhero (Waikato iwi), Tuhoe, Te Arawa and Ngāti Tuwharetoa and possibly Moka 'Kainga-mataa'. A number of non-signatory Waikato and Central North Island chiefs would later form a kind of confederacy with an elected monarch called the Kīngitanga. (The Kīngitanga Movement would later form a primary anti-government force in the New Zealand Wars.) While copies were moved around the country to give as many tribal leaders as possible the opportunity to sign, some missed out, especially in the South Island, where inclement weather prevented copies from reaching Otago or Stewart Island.",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "16427822",
"text": "Ngāti Te Wehi/Ngāti Mahanga chief who signed the Manukau-Kawhia copy of the Treaty of Waitangi 15 June 1840. This Manukau-Kawhia Maori-language copy of the Treaty of Waitangi, with 13 signatures, & is the only surviving copy with the signature of Colonial Secretary Willoughby Shortland. It was also the last copy to be returned, in 1841. Shortland sent it to Captain William Symonds on 13 March 1840 to gather signatures from chiefs around and to the south of the Manukau Harbour. Symonds was working in the area on behalf of a proposed Scottish land company settlement. He and James Hamlin of",
"title": "Ngāti Te Wehi"
},
{
"id": "19332953",
"text": "with the bride being given away by William Hobson, the Governor of New Zealand. After the wedding one of Hobson's five children was christened, with the newly married couple serving as godparents. These ceremonies were then followed by Auckland's first ball. Coates was a signatory (as witness) to both the original Waitangi Sheet of the Treaty of Waitangi (on 5 August 1840) and the deed recording the purchase from Maori in 1840, by George Clarke on behalf of the British Crown, of the 3000 acres on which central Auckland now stands. On 19 April 1841, in the first public land",
"title": "James Coates (parliamentary official)"
},
{
"id": "3562937",
"text": "to retreat from the coast to the rugged forested interior. The 1830s to 1840s were more peaceful and the tribes again returned to the coast to take advantage of trading opportunities with trading and whaling ships. Māori Christian missionaries began to instruct in literacy and religion. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was taken around to be signed, establishing British sovereignty in name at least. John A Wilson a lay missionary of the Church Missionary Society established the Opotiki mission in 1840. Soon after French missionaries moved into the area. At this period, the village at Opotiki was known as",
"title": "Opotiki"
},
{
"id": "1407685",
"text": "in 1830 the Māori settlement at Takapuneke became the scene of a notorious incident. The captain of the British brig \"Elizabeth,\" John Stewart, helped North Island Ngāti Toa chief, Te Rauparaha, to capture the local Ngāi Tahu chief, Te Maiharanui. The settlement of Takapuneke was sacked. (Partly as a result of this massacre, the British authorities sent an official British Resident, James Busby, to New Zealand in 1832 in an effort to stop such atrocities. The events at Takapuneke thus led directly to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi.) Then in 1838 Captain Langlois, a French whaler, decided that",
"title": "Banks Peninsula"
},
{
"id": "1858420",
"text": "conflict led to a migration south to Taranaki and eventually Kapiti Island. In 1840 44 Waikato chiefs travelled north to the Manukau Heads and Manukau Harbour to sign the Treaty of Waitangi, officially making the Waikato area part of New Zealand. Three Ngati Maniapoto chiefs signed, as did three Ngati Haua chiefs but most signatories were Waikato. Chief Te Whero whero did not sign, \"probably due to the lack of dignity compared to the Waitangi event\". Unusually, the copy signed was in English. Between 1840 and 1860 the CMS missionaries of the Anglican church assisted Waikato Maori in revolutionizing their",
"title": "Waikato"
},
{
"id": "2078384",
"text": "recognised the Declaration in a letter from Lord Glenelg (British Secretary of State for War and the Colonies) dated 25 May 1836. It read, in part: The Declaration was not well received by the Colonial Office, and it was decided that a new policy for New Zealand was needed as a corrective. It is notable that the Treaty of Waitangi was made between the British Crown and \"the chiefs of the United Tribes of New Zealand\" in recognition of their independent sovereignty. There is some debate as to whether the Declaration had any legal effect in New Zealand. Most legal",
"title": "Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand"
},
{
"id": "1848502",
"text": "1940, another event was held at the grounds, commemorating the 100th anniversary of the treaty signing. The event was a success and helped raise the profile of the treaty and its day of observance in the national consciousness. Annual commemorations of the treaty signing began in 1947. The 1947 event was a Royal New Zealand Navy ceremony centring on a flagpole which the Navy had paid to erect in the grounds. The ceremony was brief and featured no Māori. The following year, a Māori speaker was added to the line-up, and subsequent additions to the ceremony were made nearly every",
"title": "Waitangi Day"
},
{
"id": "1168191",
"text": "the drafting process that the Māori chiefs would be able to understand the concept of relinquishing 'sovereignty'. Realising that a treaty in English could not be understood, debated or agreed to by Māori, Hobson instructed missionary Henry Williams and his son Edward Marsh Williams, who was more proficient in \"Te Reo\", the Māori language, to translate the document, and this was done overnight on 4 February. The translation of the Treaty was reviewed by James Busby, and he proposed the substitution of the word \"whakaminenga\" for \"huihuinga\", to describe the \"Confederation\" or gathering of the chiefs. This no doubt was",
"title": "Treaty of Waitangi"
},
{
"id": "6789058",
"text": "with partner Samuel Stephenson. Clendon became the first United States Consul for New Zealand in 1838 or 1839. When the Treaty of Waitangi was signed in 1840, Lieutenant-Governor William Hobson instructed the Surveyor-General, Felton Mathew, to report on possible locations for a capital in the Bay of Islands. Clendon's property met the requirements for a good anchorage and immediate availability of land suitable for subdivision and on-sale to settlers. Kororāreka (present-day Russell) was discounted as it had insufficient available land, and locations such as Paihia and Kerikeri were bypassed for various reasons. Clendon wanted 23,000 pounds for the 1.24 km²",
"title": "Okiato"
}
] | where was the treaty of waitangi first signed |
[
"completed by 1436",
"begun in 1296"
] | [
{
"id": "4425590",
"text": "Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri The Basilica of St. Mary of the Angels and the Martyrs (, ) is a titular basilica church in Rome, Italy built inside the ruined \"frigidarium\" of the Roman Baths of Diocletian in the Piazza della Repubblica. It was constructed in the 16th century following an original design by Michelangelo Buonarroti. Other architects and artists added to the church over the following centuries. During the Kingdom of Italy, the church was used for religious state functions. The basilica is dedicated to the Christian martyrs, known and unknown. By a brief dated 27 July",
"title": "Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri"
},
{
"id": "12568231",
"text": "build the current church, whose foundation stone was laid in 1521. The construction was carried out by Luis Moya, according to plans designed by Alonso Rodriguez, of Seville, Spain. By 1523, the construction achieved continuous progress until its consecration in 1541. On February 12, 1546, at the request of Emperor Charles V, Pope Paul III granted the status of Metropolitan Cathedral and \"Primate of the Americas\". Francis Drake when he captured the city in 1586, used the cathedral as his headquarters and saved it from destruction. It was also the headquarters of the Archdiocese of Santo Domingo, which bore the",
"title": "Basilica Cathedral of Santa María la Menor"
},
{
"id": "12020011",
"text": "considered an early version of the Franciscan rosary. Perhaps the key example of early Renaissance Quattrocento Marian architecture is the Dome of Basilica of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, Italy. The cathedral was consecrated by Pope Eugene IV in 1436 and was the first 'octagonal' dome in history to be built without a wooden supporting frame and was the largest dome built at the time (it is still the largest masonry dome in the world). The facade of the Basilica of Santa Maria Novella in Florence is another example of the beginnings of the early Renaissance. The Basilica of",
"title": "Catholic Marian church buildings"
},
{
"id": "19848784",
"text": "1978 and again in 2007–2009 have cast further light on the story of the building. In the Roman period, there were public buildings, including a public baths, on the site where the cathedral was later built. The original cathedral itself was built somewhat later than previously thought, in the late fifth or early sixth century, and had a large space divided into three naves. The chancel of this church, which was still in use towards the end of the tenth and eleventh centuries, contains traces of an opus sectile pavement dating to late antiquity, which was later replaced with a",
"title": "Santa Maria Maggiore, Trento"
},
{
"id": "9847414",
"text": "in 431, suggesting that it may have been built specifically for that Third Ecumenical Council, during which the title of Theotokos for the Mother of God was declared Orthodox. The latest archaeological evidence suggests that the church was built on the ruins of an earlier Roman basilica-like building abandoned around the 3rd century, known as the \"Hall of the Muses\". Around 500, the church was expanded into a monumental cathedral, whose apse and pillars partially still stand today on the site. The church served as a cathedral and was the seat of the Bishop of Ephesus throughout Late Antiquity. An",
"title": "Church of Mary"
},
{
"id": "9186909",
"text": "Santa Maria della Scala Santa Maria della Scala (Italian: Holy Mary of the Staircase) is a titular church in Rome, Italy, located in the Trastevere rione. Cardinal Ernest Simoni took possession of the titular church on February 11, 2017. The church was built between 1593 and 1610 to honor a miraculous icon of the Madonna. Tradition holds that the icon, when placed on the landing of a staircase of a neighboring house of a mother who prayed before it, had cured her deformed child. Consecrated to Mary, mother of Jesus, it enshrines that icon in the north transept, alongside a",
"title": "Santa Maria della Scala"
},
{
"id": "19653419",
"text": "Santa Maria delle Grazie, Este Santa Maria delle Grazie is a Baroque-style, Roman Catholic basilica church located in the town of Este in the province of Padova, region of Veneto, Italy. Within the shrine is the image of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Graces, transferred from the ransack of Constantinople and ultimately crowned by Pope Pius VII in 10 December 1822. A church at the site, but smaller and in a different orientation, was erected in 1478, patronized by the last will of Prince Taddeo d'Este. The original church was located outside of the city walls in association with a",
"title": "Santa Maria delle Grazie, Este"
},
{
"id": "19140815",
"text": "Zbylut (1365-1383) succeeded to the bishopric, and continued building the cathedral. The details of the construction process are uncertain. The first stage, including the presbytery, southern vestry and treasury, were most likely completed under the guidance of Maciej Golanczewski. During Zbylut’s incubency in the diocese the roofs of the lofts and vestry were finished, and the high altar with the figure of the Mother of God was set up. On 13 May 1411 a ceremonious consecration of the cathedral attended by the king of Poland Wladyslaw Jagiello took place. But the cathedral was not yet finished. Construction continued over the",
"title": "Basilica Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption"
},
{
"id": "3091009",
"text": "Santa Maria Maggiore The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (; Basilica of Saint Mary Major, ), or church of Santa Maria Maggiore, is a Papal major basilica and the largest Catholic Marian church in Rome, Italy, from which size it receives the appellation \"major\". The basilica enshrines the venerated image of Salus Populi Romani, depicting the Blessed Virgin Mary as the help and protectress of the Roman people, which was granted a Canonical coronation by Pope Gregory XVI on 15 August 1838 accompanied by his Papal bull \"Cælestis Regina\". Pursuant to the Lateran Treaty of 1929 between the Holy See",
"title": "Santa Maria Maggiore"
},
{
"id": "9899503",
"text": "Maria Ana donated 300 pesos and Chief Quipuha of Hagåtña contributed the land. In 1670 a more permanent structure was erected. Built of coral stones with the technique of mamposteria, this structural foundation expanded to become the Cathedral. Within this structure were walls, ceilings and floors constructed of ifil wood. A fresco on the rear wall depicted the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The original Cathedral was destroyed by bombardment during the retaking of Guam. According to historian Benigno Palomo, in 1669, one of the main missions of the Spanish soldiers and missionaries was to exalt \"the Catholic faith\"",
"title": "Dulce Nombre de Maria Cathedral Basilica"
},
{
"id": "19848783",
"text": "Santa Maria Maggiore, Trento The Church of Santa Maria Maggiore is an important place of worship in the city of Trento, and the site of the Third Session of the Council of Trent. It was built by Antonio Medaglia on the model of the basilica of Sant’Andrea in Mantua, at the wish of the Prince-Archbishop Bernardo Clesio. In November 1973 Pope Paul VI accorded it the status of minor cathedral. Traditionally, the foundation of the cathedral was attributed to St. Vigilius, the third Bishop of Trento, in the late fourth of early fifth century, but archaeological investigations between 1974 and",
"title": "Santa Maria Maggiore, Trento"
},
{
"id": "1723696",
"text": "Brunelleschi. While its location is prominent, the actual tomb is simple and humble. That the architect was permitted such a prestigious burial place is proof of the high esteem he was given by the Florentines. Florence Cathedral Florence Cathedral, formally the (; in English \"Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flower\"), is the cathedral of Florence, Italy (). It was begun in 1296 in the Gothic style to a design of Arnolfo di Cambio and was structurally completed by 1436, with the dome designed by Filippo Brunelleschi. The exterior of the basilica is faced with polychrome marble panels in various",
"title": "Florence Cathedral"
},
{
"id": "1723657",
"text": "Florence Cathedral Florence Cathedral, formally the (; in English \"Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flower\"), is the cathedral of Florence, Italy (). It was begun in 1296 in the Gothic style to a design of Arnolfo di Cambio and was structurally completed by 1436, with the dome designed by Filippo Brunelleschi. The exterior of the basilica is faced with polychrome marble panels in various shades of green and pink, bordered by white, and has an elaborate 19th-century Gothic Revival façade by Emilio De Fabris. The cathedral complex, in Piazza del Duomo, includes the Baptistery and Giotto's Campanile. These three",
"title": "Florence Cathedral"
},
{
"id": "19877587",
"text": "funded through donations costed at least $120 thousand dollars. The building was seized by the Japanese in July 8, 1944 during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines amidst World War II and was used as an internment camp.It was destroyed during the Battle of Manila of 1945. The Manila Pavilion Hotel currently occupies the old site. Bishop Lyman C. Ogilby held talks with John Van Wei Bergamini, the veteran architect of the Episcopal Church throughout the Far East in 1954 in America which led to the construction of the structure currently occupied by the cathedral which was consecrated on February",
"title": "Cathedral of St. Mary and St. John"
},
{
"id": "4540961",
"text": "Bishops are buried in a crypt beneath the statue of Our Lady of Europe. In 1943, Władysław Sikorski's coffin lay in state here, after his plane crashed into the sea just off Gibraltar. Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned The Cathedral of Saint Mary the Crowned is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Gibraltar. It is the primary centre of Catholic worship in the Diocese of Gibraltar. The original building of the current cathedral was built during the Spanish period. Just after the reconquest of the city to the Moors, the main mosque was decreed to be stripped of its Islamic",
"title": "Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned"
},
{
"id": "19140812",
"text": "its location the cathedral often suffered damage. The waters of the Vistula River, and fires also contributed to its destruction, which finally led to the building of a new cathedral under the guidance of the bishop Michal Godziemba (1222-1252). He decided to set up the new cathedral in place of the first cathedral. It is not known for certain when this second cathedral was set up. It was probably a three-aisle building made of stone in the Romanesque style with a wooden ceiling. It lasted until 1329 when the Teutonic Knights destroyed it. Research into the history of the first",
"title": "Basilica Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption"
},
{
"id": "12568230",
"text": "The Cathedral is fronted with a golden-tinted coral limestone façade, the church combines elements of both Gothic and Baroque with some lavish plateresque styles as exemplified by the high altar chiseled out of silver. There is also a treasury which has an excellent art collection of ancient woodcarvings, furnishings, funerary monuments, silver, and jewelry. The Cathedral was commissioned by Pope Julius II in 1504 and its construction began in 1512 under the leadership of Bishop Fray García Padilla. The arrival of Bishop Alexander Geraldini in 1519 motivated the construction of a temple of greater solemnity, so it was decided to",
"title": "Basilica Cathedral of Santa María la Menor"
},
{
"id": "6196419",
"text": "celebrated the glory of the pope everywhere. The basilica almost reached its final form with the Berninian reconstruction. The last important addition happened during the pontificate of Innocent XI. His Secretary of State, Cardinal Alderano Cybo demolished the old family chapel (the second on the right) and built the sumptuous Baroque Cybo Chapel on its place that was designed by Carlo Fontana between 1682 and 1687. The large domed chapel was decorated with paintings by Carlo Maratta, Daniel Seiter and Luigi Garzi. It is regarded one of the most significant sacral monuments erected in Rome in the last quarter of",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "4540956",
"text": "Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned The Cathedral of Saint Mary the Crowned is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Gibraltar. It is the primary centre of Catholic worship in the Diocese of Gibraltar. The original building of the current cathedral was built during the Spanish period. Just after the reconquest of the city to the Moors, the main mosque was decreed to be stripped of its Islamic past and consecrated as the parish church (named \"Santa Maria la Coronada y San Bernardo\"). However, under the rule of the Catholic Monarchs, the old building was demolished and a new church was",
"title": "Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned"
},
{
"id": "3091044",
"text": "from the city. The icon is at least a thousand years old, and according to a tradition was painted from life by St Luke the Evangelist using the wooden table of the Holy Family in Nazareth. The Salus Populi Romani has been a favourite of several popes and acted as a key Mariological symbol. Roman-born Pope Pius XII (Eugenio Pacelli) celebrated his first Holy Mass there on 1 April 1899. In 1953, the icon was carried through Rome to initiate the first Marian year in church history. In 1954, the icon was crowned by Pope Pius XII as he introduced",
"title": "Santa Maria Maggiore"
},
{
"id": "6196470",
"text": "are the aediculae of the baptismal font and the font of the holy oil. These were assembled in 1657 from the 15th-century fragments of a demolished monument which had been created by the Bregno workshop. The tomb of Cardinal Antoniotto Pallavicini on the left wall was made by the same workshop in 1501. 6. Chigi Chapel Banker Agostino Chigi commissioned Raphael to design and decorate a funerary chapel for him around 1512–1514. The chapel is a treasure trove of Italian Renaissance and Baroque art and is considered among the most important monuments in the basilica. The dome of the centralized",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "19140810",
"text": "Basilica Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption The Basilica Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption is a large Gothic building situated in the Polish city of Włocławek located near to the Vistula River. Construction on the cathedral began in the 1340s, and it was consecrated in 1411. It was still under construction in the 15th and at the beginning of the 16th century, until its completion in 1526. It is one of the greatest treasure troves of funerary art in Poland next to the cathedrals in Gniezno, Poznan and Cracow. When Wloclawek became a bishopric, there may already",
"title": "Basilica Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption"
},
{
"id": "6196412",
"text": "on 23 November 1561 when Pope Pius IV held a solemn procession from St. Peter's to the Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo on the occasion of reopening the Council of Trent. Building works went on in the Chigi Chapel in a slow pace until the 1550s. The last important Renaissance addition was the Theodoli Chapel between 1555 and 1575 with rich stucco and fresco decoration by Giulio Mazzoni. At the same time the basilica became a parish church when Pope Pius IV created the Parish of St. Andrew \"outside Porta Flaminia\" with the motu proprio \"Sacri apostolatus\" on 1",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "3091020",
"text": "Our Lady of Manaoag. It is agreed that the present church was built under Pope Sixtus III (432–440). The dedicatory inscription on the triumphal arch, \"Sixtus Episcopus plebi Dei\", (Sixtus the bishop to the people of God) is an indication of that Pope's role in the construction. As well as this church on the summit of the Esquiline Hill, Pope Sixtus III is said to have commissioned extensive building projects throughout the city, which were continued by his successor Pope Leo I, the Great. The church retains the core of its original structure, despite several additional construction projects and damage",
"title": "Santa Maria Maggiore"
},
{
"id": "19650882",
"text": "in a chapel. An altar was erected in (1467) and a chapel commissioned by Pope Paul II. The chapel was initially affiliated with the Gesuati order, a Tuscan order which specialized in the aid to pilgrims. The Franciscans within a few years substituted the Gesuati and commissioned this larger church. The church was constructed between 1470 and 1525. In 1577, the church was consecrated by the Cardinal Francesco de Gambara, who is buried in the church. The event was celebrated with a cycle of frescoes at the Palazzo dei Priori, Viterbo. The sanctuary acquired many patrons, including popes. In 1867,",
"title": "Basilica of Santa Maria della Quercia, Viterbo"
},
{
"id": "16572954",
"text": "expensive. Mountfort seems to have ignored the perishable and limited qualities of wood, and built a vast church worthy of the finest stone. St Mary's covers an area of and has architectural features normally associated only with the great medieval cathedrals of Europe. Bishop William Cowie instigated the decision to make St Mary's the Cathedral Church during 1887, and the first part of the church, consisting of the Chancel and three bays of the Nave was consecrated and used from 1888. The church was completed to its present state by the addition of the four final bays and consecrated in",
"title": "St Mary's Cathedral Church"
},
{
"id": "4233171",
"text": "beauty of the original design. Phase one of the work was completed in September 2010 and phase two of the work, which included the installation of a new three-manual Kenneth Tickell organ of 46 stops, was completed in February 2013. St Mary's Cathedral, Newcastle upon Tyne The Cathedral Church of St Mary is a Catholic cathedral in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the mother church of the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle and seat of the Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle. The Cathedral, situated on Clayton Street, was designed by Augustus Welby Pugin and built between 1842 and 1844. The cathedral",
"title": "St Mary's Cathedral, Newcastle upon Tyne"
},
{
"id": "3091021",
"text": "by the earthquake of 1348. Church building in Rome in this period, as exemplified in Saint Mary Major, was inspired by the idea of Rome being not just the centre of the world of the Roman Empire, as it was seen in the classical period, but the centre of the Christian world. Santa Maria Maggiore, one of the first churches built in honour of the Virgin Mary, was erected in the immediate aftermath of the Council of Ephesus of 431, which proclaimed Mary Mother of God. Pope Sixtus III built it to commemorate this decision. Certainly, the atmosphere that generated",
"title": "Santa Maria Maggiore"
},
{
"id": "12019990",
"text": "Council of Ephesus in 431. It may have been built specifically for the council, during which the title of \"Theotokos\", God-bearer, for the Mother of Christ was decided. The first Marian churches in Rome: Santa Maria in Trastevere, Santa Maria Antiqua and Santa Maria Maggiore, date from the first part of the fifth century and house some of the earliest forms of public Marian art. The church of Santa Maria Maggiore is now a papal basilica, where the pope presides over the annual Feast of the Assumption of Mary (celebrated each 15 August) and the church includes major pieces of",
"title": "Catholic Marian church buildings"
},
{
"id": "6196413",
"text": "January 1561 and united it in perpetuity with the Augustinian priory. The care of the new parish was entrusted to the friars and Pope Pius V moved the seat of the parish to Santa Maria del Popolo. The parish still exists encompassing a large area comprising the southern part of the Flaminio district, the Pincian Hill and the northernmost part of the historic centre around Piazza del Popolo. The basilica was made a titular church on 13 April 1587 by Pope Sixtus V with the apostolic constitution \"Religiosa\". The first cardinal priest of the \"titulus\" was Cardinal Tolomeo Gallio. Pope",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "1718468",
"text": "Royer. Fr. Joseph Michaud, the chaplain of the Papal Zouave volunteers of Montreal, was sent to Rome to secretly produce a scale model to work from. Work began in 1875 and the new church was consecrated in 1894 as Saint James Cathedral, after Saint James the Great, the patron of the parish the church served. At the time it was the largest church in Quebec. It was made a minor basilica in 1919 by Pope Benedict XV. It was rededicated in 1955 to Mary, Queen of the World, by Pope Pius XII at the request of cardinal Paul-Émile Léger. (The",
"title": "Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral"
},
{
"id": "4540957",
"text": "erected, in Gothic style. The cathedral's small courtyard is the remnant of the larger Moorish court of the mosque. The Catholic Monarchs' coat of arms was placed in the courtyard where it can still be seen today. The cathedral extended to the opposite side of what is now Main Street. The church of St. Mary the Crowned was the only Catholic church or institution that was not ransacked by the troops that took over the city in 1704. It was successfully protected by its staunch pastor, Juan Romero, his curate, and his bell-ringer. Thus, it is the only place where",
"title": "Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned"
},
{
"id": "19650881",
"text": "Basilica of Santa Maria della Quercia, Viterbo The Basilica of Santa Maria della Quercia is an Renaissance-style, Roman Catholic sanctuary church, about two kilometer outside of the center of Viterbo, on the road to Bagnaia, in the Region of Lazio, Italy. In 1417, a local artist painted an icon of the Virgin following the design of a local painter Maestro Martello. The image was placed on an oak tree in the countryside, and became a source of veneration, which only increased in 1467 during a scourge of the plague. Miracles were attributed to the icon, and the image was ensconced",
"title": "Basilica of Santa Maria della Quercia, Viterbo"
},
{
"id": "5412505",
"text": "Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar The Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar () is a Roman Catholic church in the city of Zaragoza, Aragon (Spain). The Basilica venerates Blessed Virgin Mary, under her title Our Lady of the Pillar praised as \"Mother of the Hispanic Peoples\" by Pope John Paul II. It is reputed to be the first church dedicated to Mary in history. Local traditions take the history of this basilica to the dawn of Christianity in Spain attributing to an apparition to Saint James the Great, the apostle who is believed by tradition to have",
"title": "Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar"
},
{
"id": "6196384",
"text": "tree with a determined blow to its root, causing the evil spirits to burst forth, madly screaming. When the whole tree was removed, the remains of Nero were discovered among the ruins; the Pope ordered these thrown into the Tiber. Finally liberated from the demons, that corner of Rome could be devoted to Christian worship. Paschal II, to the sound of hymns, placed the first stone of an altar at the former site of the walnut tree. This was incorporated into a simple chapel which was completed in three days. The construction was celebrated with particular solemnity: the Pope consecrated",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "7196826",
"text": "created in Santero style by Marie Romero Cash. Roberto Montoya, a Penitent, carved the Spanish-style frames. In 1626, Fray Alonso Benavides brought Our Lady of the Rosary to Santa Fe. The chapel was built at that time for the statue. During the Pueblo Revolt, the statue was removed, but returned in 1693 during the peaceful return of the Spanish settlers. She was renamed \"La Conquistadora\" in honor of what was believed to be her peaceful acceptance by the natives. Behind the statue is a reredos, a mural style from Spain, which depicts various saints. During a recent (2000–2009) restoration, an",
"title": "Cathedral Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi (Santa Fe)"
},
{
"id": "4782454",
"text": "Deacon. The cathedral is located in the Cathedral Hill neighborhood of San Francisco. The present cathedral replaced one (1891–1962) of the same name. The original Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Immaculate Conception was built in 1853–1854 and still stands today. It is now known as Old Saint Mary's Church. In 1883, Archbishop Patrick W. Riordan purchased the northwest corner of Van Ness Avenue and O'Farrell Street in Western Addition. Riordan broke ground in December 1885. On May 1, 1887 the archbishop placed the cornerstone. Archbishop Riordan dedicated the edifice to Saint Mary of the Assumption on January 11, 1891.",
"title": "Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption (San Francisco, California)"
},
{
"id": "3081318",
"text": "metro stop. The church was begun in 1605 as a chapel dedicated to Saint Paul for the Discalced Carmelites. After the Catholic victory at the battle of White Mountain in 1620, which reversed the Reformation in Bohemia, the church was rededicated to the Virgin Mary. Turkish standards captured at the 1683 siege of Vienna hang in the church, adding to the theme of the Virgin helping to lead Catholic armies to victory. The order itself funded the building work until the discovery of the Borghese Hermaphroditus in the excavations. Scipione Borghese, nephew of Pope Paul V, appropriated this sculpture but",
"title": "Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome"
},
{
"id": "6196399",
"text": "was working on the building. The year of completion is indicated on the inscriptions above the side doors of the façade. The one on the left reads \"SIXTUS·PP·IIII·FVNDAVIT·1477\", the other on the right reads \"SIXTUS·PP·IIII·PONT·MAX·1477\". Jacopo da Volterra recorded in his diary that the pope visited the church that \"he rebuilt from the ground up a few years ago\" in 1480. The pope was so strongly attached to the church, that he went there to pray every Saturday and celebrated mass in the papal chapel every year on September 6, the feast of the Nativity of the Virgin. On 2",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "9899502",
"text": "of Padre San Vitores. The present building looms above the palm trees and is a familiar landmark in downtown Hagåtña. The basilica enshrines the image of Santa Marian Kamalen, Patroness of Guam. The precursor of the present day Basilica was a chapel, or \"capilla\", constructed of rough logs and nipa thatch built within the perimeter of the Plaza de España. The Church was the focal site around which the administrative buildings were built. Built under the direction of Padre Diego Luís de San Vitores, with the assistance of the Chamorros of Hagåtña, it was dedicated on February 2, 1669. Queen",
"title": "Dulce Nombre de Maria Cathedral Basilica"
},
{
"id": "3091013",
"text": "the early 13th century, says of Pope Liberius: \"He built the basilica of his own name (i.e. the Liberian Basilica) near the Macellum of Livia\". Its prevalence in the 15th century is shown in the painting of the Miracle of the Snow by Masolino da Panicale. The feast was originally called \"Dedicatio Sanctae Mariae\" (Dedication of Saint Mary's), and was celebrated only in Rome until inserted for the first time into the General Roman Calendar, with \"ad Nives\" added to its name, in 1568. A congregation appointed by Pope Benedict XIV in 1741 proposed that the reading of the legend",
"title": "Santa Maria Maggiore"
},
{
"id": "15874963",
"text": "Cathedral of Santa María de Vitoria The Cathedral of Santa María de Vitoria (Basque: \"Santa Maria katedrala\", Spanish: \"Catedral de Santa María de Vitoria\") is a Gothic-style, Roman Catholic cathedral located in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque country, Spain. It was declared \"Bien de Interés Cultural\" in 1931. Construction of the cathedral of Santa María in Gothic-style began in the late 13th century and continued throughout the 14th century. It was conceived as a church-fortress, with great volume and enclosed appearance, being part of the city's defences. Between 1496 and 1861, the building operated as a collegiate church, and it was that year",
"title": "Cathedral of Santa María de Vitoria"
},
{
"id": "6196405",
"text": "increasing the glory of his dynasty. For these reasons he took up the work of his uncle and built a spacious new choir between 1505 and 1510 behind the main altar. The project was entrusted to his favourite architect, Donato Bramante. The choir was built in High Renaissance style, and it was decorated with the frescoes of Pinturicchio on the sail vault and the stained glass windows of Guillaume de Marcillat. It was also used as a mausoleum where Andrea Sansovino created two monumental tombs for Cardinal Girolamo Basso della Rovere (†1507), the favourite cousin of the pope, and Cardinal",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "18067592",
"text": "happened circa 1488. A sick farmer, afflicted with a serious palsy according to oral history, was healed after praying to an image of the Virgin Mary painted close to the entrance to his own market garden. The event led to popular worship for the painting, and subsequently a small votive chapel was erected, soon followed by a greater church, funded by 12 professional associations (\"Università\"). In 1492, Pope Alexander VI allowed the establishment of a confraternity and in 1588 (with a brief dated 20 March) Pope Sixtus V declared it an \"archconfraternity\" and bestowed on it the rare privilege of",
"title": "Santa Maria dell'Orto"
},
{
"id": "19653420",
"text": "Dominican convent. The church was rebuilt starting in 1717 with a single nave. In 1736, demolition of the old church began, and led to discovery of a fresco depicting the \"Pietà\", which became a source of veneration. In 1745 most of the interiors were complete. In 1770, however the monastic order was suppressed in Este, and the Dominicans expelled. By 1776, the church had been reconsecrated as parish church for the frazione of San Martino. Further work, including the construction of the octagonal dome was pursued, and completed in 1889 using designs by the architect Giuseppe Riccoboni. In 1924, the",
"title": "Santa Maria delle Grazie, Este"
},
{
"id": "16253238",
"text": "the German immigrants settled in pre-Civil War era St. Louis. It took its name from a noted feast day proclaimed by Pope St. Pius V to celebrate the victory of the Christian Navy over Islamic forces in the Battle of Lepanto, off the coast of Italy in the Adriatic Sea in 1571. The church is also a consecrated church (1866) at the direction of Pope Pius IX. It also has an indulgenced High Altar (where hundreds of relics of saints are entombed) bestowed by Pope Leo XIII in the late 19th century. St. Mary's served as the first ethnic parish",
"title": "St. Mary of Victories Church"
},
{
"id": "6196417",
"text": "Cybo in the 1630s. A new wave of construction began when Fabio Chigi became the cardinal priest of the church in 1652. He immediately began the reconstruction of the neglected family chapel which was embellished by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. In 1655 Chigi was elected pope under the name Alexander VII. He repeatedly checked the progress of the work; there was a papal visit on 4 March 1656, 10 February and 3 March 1657. Due to this personal supervision the project was speedily completed by the middle of 1657 but the last statue of Bernini was only put in place in",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "1723664",
"text": "of Ghiberti. But Ghiberti soon had to admit that the whole project was beyond him. In 1423, Brunelleschi was back in charge and took over sole responsibility. Work started on the dome in 1420 and was completed in 1436. The cathedral was consecrated by Pope Eugene IV on 25 March 1436, (the first day of the year according to the Florentine calendar). It was the first 'octagonal' dome in history to be built without a temporary wooden supporting frame. It was one of the most impressive projects of the Renaissance. During the consecration in 1436, Guillaume Dufay's motet \"Nuper rosarum",
"title": "Florence Cathedral"
},
{
"id": "8353726",
"text": "Santa Maria Maggiore, Florence Santa Maria Maggiore di Firenze is a Romanesque and Gothic-style, Roman Catholic church in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy. This is among the oldest extant churches in Florence. The church was originally constructed in the 11th century and underwent extensive renovations to the facade and sides in the 13th century. The original church existed as early as the 8th century, and is first documented in 931. The legend assigning its foundation to Pope Pelagius II in 580 A.D. is not reliable. In 1176 it obtained the status of collegiate church and was one of Florence's priories.",
"title": "Santa Maria Maggiore, Florence"
},
{
"id": "6196486",
"text": "Podocataro, and they both belong to the group of monuments from the age of Pope Alexander VI which made the basilica the shrine of the Borgia dynasty at the beginning of the 16th century. The monument was financed by Cardinal Ascanio Sforza after the death of his protégée on 7 August 1497, not long after Lonati had led an unsuccessful expedition against the Orsini family by order of the Pope. The architectural composition of the monument follows the models set by Andrea Bregno. Santa Maria del Popolo The Parish Basilica of Santa Maria del Popolo () is a titular church",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "19050594",
"text": "Santa Maria delle Grazie, Pesaro Santa Maria delle Grazie is a Roman Catholic church or oratory located on via San Francesco in Pesaro, region of Marche, Italy. The church was commissioned by the Servite order. By 1233 they occupied a convent adjacent to this church. The site was ceded to the Franciscan order, who built the church we see today, and consecrated and dedicated it to St Francis (San Francesco) in 1359. The elaborate marble portal was built between 1356 and 1373. During the siege of the city in 1503, the bell-tower was destroyed. In the 1600s, the church underwent",
"title": "Santa Maria delle Grazie, Pesaro"
},
{
"id": "20024668",
"text": "land at Church and South Washington Streets, then just outside the Alexandria city limits, to the church. They were Thornton Alexander, heir to the founder of the City of Alexandria John Alexander and Colonel Robert T. Hooe, one of Adams' \"midnight appointments\" made during the final days of his administration that led to \"Marbury v. Madison\". The first brick structure, built at Church and South Washington Streets, was known as the Church of Saint Mary. The chapel's cornerstone was laid in 1795, and work continued in 1796, according to letters from Archbishop John Carroll, S.J. of Baltimore. At the church,",
"title": "Basilica of St. Mary (Alexandria, Virginia)"
},
{
"id": "11393392",
"text": "Santa María La Antigua The Church of Saint Mary the Ancient () is a 12th-century church in Valladolid, central Spain. It was declared \"Bien de Interés Cultural\" in 1897. Under the current building foundations have been found remains of a Roman hypocaustum . The church was likely founded in 1095 by Count Pedro Ansúrez, although there are no remains of this original structure. The oldest parts of the current temple date to the late 12th century: the gallery in the northern side of the building and the tower, both in Romanesque style. The tower, one of the symbols of Valladolid,",
"title": "Santa María La Antigua"
},
{
"id": "6196423",
"text": "base of the bell tower and reducing the visual prominence of the basilica on the square. Façade The façade was built in early Renaissance style in the 1470s when the medieval church was rebuilt by Pope Sixtus IV. It was later reworked by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in the 17th century but pictorial sources preserved its original form, for example a woodcut in Girolamo Franzini's guide in 1588, and a veduta by Giovanni Maggi in 1625. Originally there were tracery panels in the windows and spokes in the central rose window, and the building was free-standing with a clear view of",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "19140816",
"text": "course of the next centuries. There are mentions that prelates and canons of the chapter in Wloclawek gave up part of their income for the further building and conservation of the cathedral. In the second part of the 15th century work was started on the chapels around the main body of the church. Next to the southern nave, St. Martin's Chapel and chapterhouse were built in 1527 and the Cibavit chapel in 1541. At the beginning of the 16th century these two chapels were remodelled in the Mannerist style which included covering them with cupolas with lanterns. Over time, the",
"title": "Basilica Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption"
},
{
"id": "19050596",
"text": "Barocci, and Giovanni Giacomo Pandolfi. Santa Maria delle Grazie, Pesaro Santa Maria delle Grazie is a Roman Catholic church or oratory located on via San Francesco in Pesaro, region of Marche, Italy. The church was commissioned by the Servite order. By 1233 they occupied a convent adjacent to this church. The site was ceded to the Franciscan order, who built the church we see today, and consecrated and dedicated it to St Francis (San Francesco) in 1359. The elaborate marble portal was built between 1356 and 1373. During the siege of the city in 1503, the bell-tower was destroyed. In",
"title": "Santa Maria delle Grazie, Pesaro"
},
{
"id": "7795965",
"text": "a church incorporating the Porziuncola. The buildings around the shrine were taken down by order of Pope Pius V (1566-1572), except the Chapel of the Transito, the cell in which St. Francis had died. Construction of the basilica started on 25 March 1569. This majestic church, the seventh largest Christian church, was designed in a bold Mannerist style, which prefigured the Baroque style, by two famous architects, Galeazzo Alessi and Vignola. The work progressed slowly, due to constant lack of money, as the building was financed with donations. The noteworthy dome, resting on an octagonal drum with eight windows and",
"title": "Papal Basilica of Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi"
},
{
"id": "19140814",
"text": "on pain of death. On 24 August 1330 Maciej of Golancz decided to sign a pact with the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, Werner von Orseln, who allowed him to resume public religious activities. To this end, a small church beyond the city was built as a temporary solution. But Maciej Golanczewski still wanted to build a cathedral, and collected funds and created plans to do so. On 25 March 1340 he consecrated the cornerstone to begin building the new cathedral. During the next 25 years, the construction on the walls of the cathedral was ongoing; Maciej’s nephew -",
"title": "Basilica Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption"
},
{
"id": "2513238",
"text": "chapter house still standing today\". In 1154 King Henry II greatly increased the endowment and wealth of the abbey as reward to Robert Fitzharding, for his support during The Anarchy which brought Henry II to the throne. By 1170 enough of the new church building was complete for it to be dedicated by four bishops - Worcester, Exeter, Llandaff and St Asaph. Under Abbot David (1216–1234) there was a new phase of building, notably the construction in around 1220 of a chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, abutting the northern side of the choir. This building, which still stands,",
"title": "Bristol Cathedral"
},
{
"id": "19466342",
"text": "Cathedral Basilica of St. Mary (Panama City) The Sacred Heart Cathedral () It is a Catholic church located in the old town of Panama City in Panama. It was consecrated in 1796, although construction work began in 1688, 108 years earlier. The cathedral is the episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Panama. The Metropolitan Cathedral of Panama is heir to the Cathedral erected by Pope Adrian VI in the great house of the Cacique Cémaco, when the Spaniards faced and offered found a population dedicated to Santa Maria la Antigua in 1510. In 1513 dictates the bula why Antigua is",
"title": "Cathedral Basilica of St. Mary (Panama City)"
},
{
"id": "9759811",
"text": "Santa Maria Maggiore, Bergamo The Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore is a major church in the upper town of Bergamo, Northern Italy. The church was founded in 1137 on the site of another church from the 8th century dedicated to St Mary, which had been in turn erected over a Roman temple of the Clemence. The high altar was consecrated in 1185 and in 1187 the presbytery and the transept wings were completed. Due to financial troubles, the works dragged for the whole 13th–14th centuries. The bell tower was built from 1436 (being completed around the end of the century),",
"title": "Santa Maria Maggiore, Bergamo"
},
{
"id": "3091012",
"text": "night on the summit of the Esquiline Hill. In obedience to a vision of the Virgin Mary which they had the same night, the couple built a basilica in honour of Mary on the very spot which was covered with snow. From the fact that no mention whatever is made of this alleged miracle until a few hundred years later, not even by Sixtus III in his eight-line dedicatory inscription ... it would seem that the legend has no historical basis.\" The legend is first reported only after AD 1000. It may be implied in what the \"Liber Pontificalis\", of",
"title": "Santa Maria Maggiore"
},
{
"id": "12568229",
"text": "Basilica Cathedral of Santa María la Menor The Cathedral of Santa María la Menor in the Colonial Zone of Santo Domingo is dedicated to St. Mary of the Incarnation. It is the oldest cathedral in the Americas, begun in 1512 and completed in 1540. It is the Cathedral of the Archbishop of Santo Domingo who has the honorary title of \"Primate of the Americas\" because Santo Domingo was the first Catholic diocese established in the New World. It is located between Calle Arzobispo Merino and Isabel la Católica, next to Columbus Park in the city of Santo Domingo de Guzman.",
"title": "Basilica Cathedral of Santa María la Menor"
},
{
"id": "8037949",
"text": "Santa Maria Maggiore () because it is the largest church in Rome dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. The original church, which was replaced by that of Pope Sixtus III, was built during the pontificate of Pope Liberius (352–366), and is thus sometimes known as the \"Basilica Liberii\" or \"Basilica Liberiana\". Until 1969 the feast was known as \"Dedicatio Sanctae Mariae ad Nives\" (Dedication of the Church of Our Lady of the Snows), a name that had become popular for the Basilica in the 14th century in connection with a legend about its origin that the Catholic Encyclopedia summarizes: (in",
"title": "Dedication of the Basilica of St Mary Major"
},
{
"id": "6196397",
"text": "reconstructed between 1472 and 1477 on the orders of Pope Sixtus IV. This was part of the ambitious urban renovation program of the pope who presented himself as \"Urbis Restaurator\" of Rome. The medieval church was entirely demolished and a new three-aisled, Latin cross shaped basilica was built with four identical chapels on both sides, an octagonal dome above the crossing and a tall Lombard style bell-tower at the end of the right transept. The result of this reconstruction was an early and excellent example of Italian Renaissance architecture in Rome. In spite of the many later changes the basilica",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "1723660",
"text": "approved by city council in 1294. Di Cambio was also architect of the church of Santa Croce and the Palazzo Vecchio. He designed three wide naves ending under the octagonal dome, with the middle nave covering the area of Santa Reparata. The first stone was laid on 9 September 1296, by Cardinal Valeriana, the first papal legate ever sent to Florence. The building of this vast project was to last 140 years; Arnolfo's plan for the eastern end, although maintained in concept, was greatly expanded in size. After Arnolfo died in 1310, work on the cathedral slowed for thirty years.",
"title": "Florence Cathedral"
},
{
"id": "1723658",
"text": "buildings are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site covering the historic centre of Florence and are a major tourist attraction of Tuscany. The basilica is one of Italy's largest churches, and until the development of new structural materials in the modern era, the dome was the largest in the world. It remains the largest brick dome ever constructed. The cathedral is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Florence, whose archbishop is Giuseppe Betori. Santa Maria del Fiore was built on the site of Florence's second cathedral dedicated to Saint Reparata; the first was the Basilica di",
"title": "Florence Cathedral"
},
{
"id": "3091014",
"text": "be struck from the Office and that the feast be given its original name. No action was taken on the proposal until 1969, when the reading of the legend was removed and the feast was called \"In dedicatione Basilicae S. Mariae\" (Dedication of the Basilica of Saint Mary). The legend is still commemorated by dropping white rose petals from the dome during the celebration of the Mass and Second Vespers of the feast. The earliest building on the site was the Liberian Basilica or Santa Maria Liberiana, after Pope Liberius (352–366). This name may have originated from the same legend,",
"title": "Santa Maria Maggiore"
},
{
"id": "16393614",
"text": "Cathedral of St Mary and St Anne The Cathedral of Saint Mary and Saint Anne (), also known as Saint Mary's Cathedral, The North Cathedral or The North Chapel, is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in Cork, Ireland. It is the seat of the Bishop of Cork and Ross, and the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cork and Ross. The cathedral was dedicated in 1808, but was extensively damaged by an act of arson in 1820. George Richard Pain undertook the restoration of the cathedral. In 1964, the sanctuary of the cathedral was extended, a sanctuary tower",
"title": "Cathedral of St Mary and St Anne"
},
{
"id": "18942482",
"text": "Lanciano Cathedral Lanciano Cathedral () dedicated to the Virgin Mary as \"Santa Maria del Ponte\" (\"Saint Mary of the Bridge\") is the duomo of Lanciano in Chieti, Italy, and the cathedral church of the Archdiocese of Lanciano-Ortona. In February 1909 Pope Pius X raised it to the status of minor basilica. The unique characteristic of this church, reflected in its name, lies in the fact that it is built on top of three arches of a Roman bridge, built by Diocletian. The citizens of Lanciano decided to erect a church in honour of the Madonna in 1389. It was initially",
"title": "Lanciano Cathedral"
},
{
"id": "18072306",
"text": "and is still in use as the rectory. Cleveland architect Emile M. Uhlrich designed the church in the Spanish Colonial Revival style. The ground was broken on July 1, 1903 and Bishop James J. Hartley of the Diocese of Columbus, which St. Mary's became a part of in 1868, laid the cornerstone on June 12, 1904. The building was enclosed in 1905 and work halted until 1907 while subscriptions were paid off and new funds were raised. The church was consecrated by Bishop Hartley on December 12, 1909. The stained glass windows were created in Munich, Germany. In 1945 St.",
"title": "Basilica of St. Mary of the Assumption (Marietta, Ohio)"
},
{
"id": "19140817",
"text": "cathedral needed renovation. In the second part of the 18th century the roof was renovated while in the 19th century the cathedral was regothicised. The bishop wanted the cathedral to look more monumental and decided to enlarge the towers. The works began in 1878. They enlarged the towers, and finished them off with pointed cupolas. In 1907 the cathedral was honoured with the title of minor basilica. The title was given by the Pope Pius X. An important event in the history of the cathedral was the visit of Pope John Paul II, who stayed in Wloclawek on 6 and",
"title": "Basilica Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption"
},
{
"id": "19848785",
"text": "mosaic from the middle of the sixth century. Between the late eighth and early ninth centuries a number of building works were undertaken on the cathedral, in particular the addition of richly-decorated stone liturgical fittings, including a rood screen and a ciborium. In the late tenth or early eleventh centuries the old church was demolished, and its structure, including the Carolingian fittings, were used as building materials for a new church, smaller than the previous one. It had a semicircular central apse with two side-apses. Evidence from a find of coins indicates that after 1290 a third church was built",
"title": "Santa Maria Maggiore, Trento"
},
{
"id": "147571",
"text": "The Florentines decided to start building it – late in the 13th century, without a design for the dome. The project proposed by Brunelleschi in the 14th century was the largest ever built at the time, and the first major dome built in Europe since the two great domes of Roman times – the Pantheon in Rome, and Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. The dome of Santa Maria del Fiore remains the largest brick construction of its kind in the world. In front of it is the medieval Baptistery. The two buildings incorporate in their decoration the transition from the Middle",
"title": "Florence"
},
{
"id": "10130301",
"text": "Francis receives the Stigmata\" of the 17th century; the 1st chapel has a \"Mystical Marriage of St Catherine\" (c. 1530), and a marble relief by Raffaello da Montelupo. Santa Maria della Consolazione Santa Maria della Consolazione is a Roman Catholic church in Rome, Italy at the foot of the Palatine Hill, in rione Campitelli. The church is named after an icon of the Virgin Mary which was placed on this site to console criminals who were tossed down off the cliff above the church, thought to be the Tarpeian Rock from where condemned Ancient Roman criminals were tossed to their",
"title": "Santa Maria della Consolazione"
},
{
"id": "6196407",
"text": "the wealthy Sienese banker, Agostino Chigi, who was adopted into the Della Rovere family, to build a mausoleum replacing the second side chapel on the left in 1507. The chapel was dedicated to the Virgin of Loreto whose cult was ardently promoted by the Della Rovere popes. The Chigi Chapel was designed by Raphael and it was partially completed in 1516 but remained unfinished for a very long time. This ambitious project created a strong connection between the basilica and the Chigis that extended well into the next century. In the Julian era the church became again the location of",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "4009183",
"text": "Chapel inside. In 1968, the Irish Government commissioned two postage stamps to commemorate the cathedral's 800 year anniversary. A picture of one of the stamps is displayed above. In 1991, there was a large £2.5 million restoration programme which was completed in 1996 with the excavation and re-laying of the floors as well as the installation of underfloor central heating. Restoration continues today to a lesser degree. Today the cathedral is still used for its original purpose as a place of worship and prayer for the people of Limerick. It is open to the public every day from 9:00 am",
"title": "St Mary's Cathedral, Limerick"
},
{
"id": "20739161",
"text": "Australia. Although the original cathedral had remained next to its replacement during its construction, it was dismantled in 1912 and much of its material retained and reused later in the construction of the St Mary's Primary School and Cathedral Hall. A remnant of the original cathedral can also be seen in the plinth supporting the statue of St Peter overlooking the grave site of Bishop Edward Doody (appointed bishop, 1948-68). Formally opened in the Golden Jubilee year of 1912 (although not consecrated until 1919), the cathedral was dedicated to the memory and legacy of Bishop Elzear Torreggiani, who served the",
"title": "Saints Mary and Joseph Catholic Cathedral"
},
{
"id": "20759218",
"text": "often painted for use in private devotion. These include \"Madonna and Child\" (Huntington Library, San Marino, California), a faithful reproduction of the altarpiece's central panel dating to around 1498, the \"Davanzale Madonna\" in the Pinacoteca Vaticana, the \"Visconti-Venosta Tondo\" in Rome, the small Madonna in the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, UK and other works in the Ashmolean Museum, National Gallery of Scotland and the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. Vasari did not see the work, though it was praised by local art historians right up to the 18th century. When the church was suppressed under the Napoleonic occupation, the",
"title": "Santa Maria dei Fossi Altarpiece"
},
{
"id": "4233167",
"text": "St Mary's Cathedral, Newcastle upon Tyne The Cathedral Church of St Mary is a Catholic cathedral in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the mother church of the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle and seat of the Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle. The Cathedral, situated on Clayton Street, was designed by Augustus Welby Pugin and built between 1842 and 1844. The cathedral is a grade I listed building and a fine example of the Gothic Revival style of architecture championed by Pugin. There is a monument dedicated to Cardinal Basil Hume in the Monument Garden outside of the cathedral, which was opened",
"title": "St Mary's Cathedral, Newcastle upon Tyne"
},
{
"id": "6196439",
"text": "and a dedicatory inscription commemorating the thorough rebuilding of the ancient church that Pope Alexander VII initiated as Fabio Chigi, Cardinal Priest of the basilica, and its consecration in 1655 as newly elected Pope: ALEXANDER · VII · P · M / FABII · CHISII · OLIM · CARD / TITULARI · AEDE · ORNATA / SUI · PONTIF · PRIMORDIA / ANTIQAE · PIETATI / IN · BEATAM · VIRGINEM / CONSECR ·A · D · MDCLV. The rose window is supported by two stucco angels sculpted by Ercole Ferrata in 1655-58 under the guidance of Bernini. The one",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "8349556",
"text": "San Jacopo sopr'Arno San Jacopo sopr'Arno is a church in Florence, Italy. The church was built in the 10th–11th centuries in Romanesque style. It subsequently experienced heavy modifications including the addition of a triple-arched portico. According to the Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, Filippo Brunelleschi built here a chapel, the Ridolfi Chapel, in which he studied, in smaller scale, architectural elements later used in his famous dome of Santa Maria del Fiore. The chapel is now destroyed. Since 1542 it was held by Franciscans of the Minorite Order. The entrance portico was remade by order of Cosimo I de' Medici",
"title": "San Jacopo sopr'Arno"
},
{
"id": "6196430",
"text": "there are smaller plaques commemorating the indulgences that Gregory XIII conceded to the basilica in 1582 and the fact that Sixtus V included Santa Maria del Popolo among the seven pilgrimage churches of Rome in 1586. The dome The dome of Santa Maria del Popolo was the first octagonal Renaissance dome above a rectangular crossing erected on a high tambour. At the time of its building in 1474-75 it had no real precedent, the only comparable examples are the drawings of Filarete for the utopist city of Sforzinda which have never been carried out. As such the dome was a",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "9628236",
"text": "Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona Santa Maria del Mar (, \"Saint Mary of the Sea\") is an imposing church in the Ribera district of Barcelona, Spain, built between 1329 and 1383 at the height of Aragon kingdom's maritime and mercantile preeminence. It is an outstanding example of Catalan Gothic, with a purity and unity of style that is very unusual in large medieval buildings. The first mention of a church of Santa Maria by the sea dates from 998. The construction of the present building was promoted by the canon Bernat Llull, who was appointed Archdean of Santa Maria in",
"title": "Santa Maria del Mar, Barcelona"
},
{
"id": "9847413",
"text": "Church of Mary The Church of Mary () is an ancient Christian cathedral dedicated to the Theotokos (\"Birth-Giver of God\", \"i.e.\", the Virgin Mary), located in Ephesus (near present-day Selçuk in Turkey). It is also known as the Church of the Councils because two councils of importance to the history of Early Christianity are assumed to have been held within. The church is located in the south stoa of the Olympieion (Temple of Hadrian Olympios) next to the harbor of Ephesus. The church is dated to the early 5th century, coinciding with the Council of Ephesus, the third Ecumenical council",
"title": "Church of Mary"
},
{
"id": "8649284",
"text": "works. Paolo Zane (1481) built the shrine of Santa Maria delle Grazie and established the hospital for incurables. In the sixteenth century three cardinals succeeded each other: Francesco Cornaro (1532), Andrea Cornaro (1543) and Durante de' Duranti (1551). In conformity with the decrees of the Council of Trent, Domenico Bollani (1559) convened a diocesan synod (1574) and founded the seminary. Giovanni Dolfin (1579) seconded St. Charles Borromeo in his work of reform, who by his own desire celebrated the obsequies of Bishop Dolfin. Bishop Pietro Vito Ottoboni (1654) was later elevated to the papacy under the name of Alexander VIII.",
"title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Brescia"
},
{
"id": "8809295",
"text": "occupied was St. Augustine. Spanish settlers began immediately to establish a Catholic church. The Roman Catholic Church was integral to the Spanish monarchy and to Spain's history. In fact, from the mid-1500s to the mid-1600s, the kingdom was in the midst of a Catholic Revival, in opposition to the Protestant Reformation. The settlement's cathedral was completed rapidly. However, given that the early colonists were mostly sailors or soldiers and had little experience in architecture, the first Cathedral of St. Augustine was very simple, with a variety of materials and overall hurried confusion about the building. As the English would have",
"title": "Cathedral Basilica of St. Augustine"
},
{
"id": "6196381",
"text": "The church contains works by several famous artists, such as Raphael, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Caravaggio, Alessandro Algardi, Pinturicchio, Andrea Bregno, Guillaume de Marcillat and Donato Bramante. The well-known foundation legend of Santa Maria del Popolo revolves around the evil memory of Emperor Nero and Pope Paschal II cleansing the area from this malicious legacy. As the story goes, after his suicide Nero was buried in the mausoleum of his paternal family, the Domitii Ahenobarbi, at the foot of the Pincian Hill. The sepulchre was later buried under a landslide and on its ruins grew a huge walnut tree that ″was",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "12611649",
"text": "was erected in the 12th century by Turlough O'Connor to mark the completion of the first cathedral and the appointment of the first Archbishop of Tuam. The stained glass west window, depicting the Transfiguration of our Lord, dates from 1913 and is very fine. Other smaller windows show figures from the Old Testament, Moses, David, Solomon, Ezra, Malachi and John the Baptist, and a window depicting Christ the King was installed in memory of Deane, the cathedral's architect. Some major renovations took place between 1985 and 1993, and a new central heating system was added in September 2000. The Cathedral",
"title": "St Mary's Cathedral, Tuam"
},
{
"id": "1708969",
"text": "oratory of Santa Maria delle Vigne. When the site was assigned to Dominican Order in 1221, they decided to build a new church and adjoining cloister. The church was designed by two Dominican friars, Fra Sisto Fiorentino and Fra Ristoro da Campi. Building began in the mid-13th century (about 1246), and was finished about 1360 under the supervision of Friar Iacopo Talenti with the completion of the Romanesque-Gothic bell tower and sacristy. At that time, only the lower part of the Tuscan gothic façade was finished. The three portals are spanned by round arches, while the rest of the lower",
"title": "Santa Maria Novella"
},
{
"id": "18067591",
"text": "Santa Maria dell'Orto Santa Maria dell'Orto is a Roman Catholic church in the Rione of Trastevere in Rome (Italy). It is the national church of Japan in Rome. The church is set in the middle of the area that has been called the \"Prata Mutia\" (\"Fields of Mutius\") since about 508 BC; it was here that the Etruscan king Porsena had made his encampment, and that later the Roman Senate donated to Mucius Scaevola as a sign of gratitude of Rome for his heroic actions. The origins of the church are associated with a miracle that is supposed to have",
"title": "Santa Maria dell'Orto"
},
{
"id": "5912853",
"text": "undisturbed. The gates and the bells, carried by local Christian captives to Córdoba, were added to the Aljama Mosque. When Córdoba was taken by king Ferdinand III of Castile in 1236, these same gates and bells were then transported by Muslim captives to Toledo, to be inserted in the Cathedral of Saint Mary of Toledo. Construction of the present cathedral began in 1075 under the reign of Alfonso VI of Castile (1040–1109) and the patronage of bishop Diego Peláez. It was built according to the same plan as the monastic brick church of Saint Sernin in Toulouse, probably the greatest",
"title": "Santiago de Compostela Cathedral"
},
{
"id": "19140813",
"text": "cathedrals in Wloclawek is as yet incomplete. It requires further investigation and excavations. The situation is slightly better when it comes to the third – still extant– basilica cathedral. The history of the cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption begins during the episcopate of Bishop (1323-1364). He was a canon of Wloclawek, Gniezno, Poznan, Plock, Cracow, and Wroclaw. Maciej was the first initiator and the builder of the cathedral. On 7 May 1329 Teutonic troops captured Wloclawek, and destroyed the borough, concentrating in particular on the bishop’s property. The Teutonic Knights forbade restoring the bishop’s town and the cathedral",
"title": "Basilica Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption"
},
{
"id": "18721073",
"text": "Basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Cortemaggiore The Basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie or Collegiata is a Gothic style, Roman Catholic church and cathedral of Cortemaggiore, in the Province of Piacenza, region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. The church was built in 1480 using designs by Gilberto Manzi for a Latin cross layout. The belltower (1881) was added by Gaetano Guglielmetti. The interior conserves a valued polyptych, composed by twelve pieces, by Filippo Mazzola, the father of Parmigianino. The left aisle has the sculpturally elegant mausoleum (1499) of the Pallavicini family, including Gianludovico and his wife. The works are attributed to",
"title": "Basilica of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Cortemaggiore"
},
{
"id": "6196385",
"text": "the small sanctuary in the presence of a large crowd, accompanied by ten cardinals, four archbishops, ten bishops and other prelates. He also granted the chapel many relics and dedicated it to the Virgin Mary. The legend was recounted by an Augustinian friar, Giacomo Alberici in his treatise about the Church of Santa Maria del Popolo which was published in Rome in 1599 and translated into Italian the next year. Another Augustinian, Ambrogio Landucci rehashed the same story in his book about the origins of the basilica in 1646. The legend has been retold several times ever since with slight",
"title": "Santa Maria del Popolo"
},
{
"id": "4425595",
"text": "in a courtyard within the complex. The statue (a dedication to the 17th century scientist and philosopher) was a donation from CCAST (China Center of Advanced Science and Technology) and WFS (World Federation of Scientists). Santa Maria degli Angeli was the official state church of the Kingdom of Italy (1870–1946). More recently, national burials have been held in the church. The church hosts the tombs of General Armando Diaz and Admiral Paolo Thaon di Revel, who were successful commanders during World War I on the Italian front. Also today the Basilica is used for many ceremonies, including the funeral of",
"title": "Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri"
},
{
"id": "10265738",
"text": "George's parish church. Though it was only after 1670, when Pope Clement X issued a decree permitting the use of funds from the Holy See, that the construction of the church commenced. The foundation stone of the present church was laid on 7 August 1672. The church's construction was completed by in 1678 and it was consecrated on 21 September 1755 by Bishop Paul Alphéran de Bussan. At the time it was the largest Christian church on the island and was the first church in Gozo to be built in the form of a Latin cross. Records of the visitation",
"title": "St. George's Basilica, Malta"
},
{
"id": "10402690",
"text": "Basilica di Santa Maria dei Servi Santa Maria dei Servi is a Roman Catholic basilica in Bologna, Italy. It was founded in 1346, as the church of the Servite Community of the Blessed Virgin Mary and was designed by Andrea da Faenza, a head friar and architect who also assisted Antonio di Vincenzo on the monumental Basilica of San Petronio. In the 20th century, Pope Pius XII granted the church the status of \"basilica\". The basilica is 100 metres long by 20 metres wide. It has the form of a Latin cross but the transepts do not project beyond the",
"title": "Basilica di Santa Maria dei Servi"
},
{
"id": "14771506",
"text": "crossing of the two routes which were linking Barcelona with Aragon, and the north of Catalonia with its south. The origins of the church are from the 11th century, but most of the current building is from the 17th century. During the Spanish Civil War it was converted into a market, and was restored after the war, under the guidance of the architect Cèsar Martinell. In 1949 Santa Maria obtained the title of Minor Basilica granted by the pope Pius XII. The most recent rehabilitation took place in the 1980s, which was inaugurated in 1990. The elements of the church",
"title": "Basilica of Santa Maria, Igualada"
},
{
"id": "13847240",
"text": "Santa Maria del Pi, Barcelona Santa Maria del Pi (, meaning \"St. Mary of the Pine\") is a 15th-century Gothic church in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the Plaça del Pi, in the Barri Gòtic district of the city. It is known that in 987 there existed a church outside the city walls and to the west of Barcelona. This was a small Romanesque church dedicated to the Blessed Lady of the Pine Tree (one of the titles of the Virgin Mary). The church was most built between 1319 and 1391. It opened on 17 June 1453. The",
"title": "Santa Maria del Pi, Barcelona"
}
] | when was the cathedral of santa maria del fiore built |
|
| [
{
"id": "12873047",
"text": "Browser service Browser service or Computer Browser Service is a feature of Microsoft Windows to let users easily browse and locate shared resources in neighboring computers. This is done by aggregating the information in a single computer \"Browse Master\" (or \"Master Browser\"). All other computers contact this computer for information and display in the Network Neighborhood window. Browser service runs on MailSlot / Server Message Block and thus can be used with all supported transport protocol such as NetBEUI, IPX/SPX and TCP/IP. Browser service relies heavily on broadcast, so it is not available across network segments separated by routers. Browsing",
"title": "Browser service"
},
{
"id": "12410262",
"text": "supporting privacy mode in Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, and Safari with the release of version 10.1 in June 2010.. Some browsers (like Internet Explorer 8) allow users to select the privacy mode for single tabs, whereas others create a more isolated environment protected by password and cryptography. Private browsing has multiple uses, including: The Mozilla Foundation performed a study about the user behavior when the feature is switched on and how long the session lasts. The results were that most sessions last only about 10 minutes, though there are periods where activation increases; usually around 11 a.m. to 2 p.m.,",
"title": "Private browsing"
},
{
"id": "12410260",
"text": "Private browsing Private browsing, privacy mode or incognito mode is a privacy feature in some web browsers to disable browsing history and the web cache. This allows a person to browse the Web without storing local data that could be retrieved at a later date. Privacy mode will also disable the storage of data in cookies and Flash cookies. This privacy protection is only within the browser application as it may leave traces on the hard drive and memory of the device, or via websites by associating the IP address at the web server. The earliest reference to private browsing",
"title": "Private browsing"
},
{
"id": "12410263",
"text": "5 p.m., between 9 p.m. and 10 p.m., and a minor peak about an hour or two after midnight. Private browsing is known by different names in different browsers. In 2012, Brazilian researchers published the results of a research project where they applied forensic techniques (namely the Foremost data carving tool and Strings program) to extract information about the users browsing activities on Internet Explorer and Firefox browsers with their private mode enabled. They were able to collect enough data to identify pages visited and even partially reconstruct them. This research was later extended to include Chrome and Safari browsers.",
"title": "Private browsing"
},
{
"id": "452271",
"text": "a web browser installed. The most popular web browsers are Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, and Edge. The first web browser, called WorldWideWeb, was invented in 1990 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. He then recruited Nicola Pellow to write the Line Mode Browser, which displayed web pages on dumb terminals; it was released in 1991. 1993 was a landmark year with the release of Mosaic, credited as \"the world's first popular browser\". Its innovative graphical interface made the World Wide Web system easy to use and thus more accessible to the average person. This, in turn, sparked the Internet boom of",
"title": "Web browser"
},
{
"id": "12410264",
"text": "The gathered data proved that browsers' private mode implementations are not able to fully hide users' browsing activities and that browsers in private mode leave traces of activities in caching structures and files related to the paging process of the operating system. Another independent security analysis, performed by a group of researchers at Newcastle University in 2014, shows a range of security vulnerabilities in the implementation of the private mode across four major browsers (IE, Firefox, Chrome and Safari). The results are summarized below. In 2010, professors at Stanford University found that while Firefox won't record your history during a",
"title": "Private browsing"
},
{
"id": "452270",
"text": "Web browser A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web. Each individual web page, image, and video is identified by a distinct URL, enabling browsers to retrieve and display them on the user's device. A web browser is not the same thing as a search engine, though the two are often confused. For a user, a search engine is just a website, such as google.com, that stores searchable data about other websites. But to connect to and display websites on their device, a user needs to have",
"title": "Web browser"
},
{
"id": "20837568",
"text": "Browsh Browsh is a web browser that can be run from a terminal client environments such as ssh or Mosh or from a web browser client. It represents web pages as text. The Browsh web browser which represents web pages as text and can be run either from a terminal client environment or from a web browser. the web browser client remains less developed. It has been developed since 23 April 2016. It uses Go as a core part of its implementation. Browsh uses a headless version of Mozilla Firefox to fetch and parse web pages. This may be seen",
"title": "Browsh"
},
{
"id": "11990145",
"text": "browser can also be defined as an application software or program designed to enable users to access, retrieve and view documents and other resources on the Internet. Precursors to the web browser emerged in the form of hyperlinked applications during the mid and late 1980s, and following these, Tim Berners-Lee is credited with developing in 1990 both the first web server, and the first web browser, called WorldWideWeb (no spaces) and later renamed Nexus. Many others were soon developed, with Marc Andreessen's 1993 Mosaic (later Netscape), being particularly easy to use and install, and often credited with sparking the internet",
"title": "History of the web browser"
},
{
"id": "20965742",
"text": "also has a button called \"Clear Private Data\" which allows users to be more in control of their settings. Internet Explorer users have this option as well. When using a browser like Google Chrome or Safari, users also have the option to browse in \"incognito\" or \"private browsing\" modes respectively. When in these modes, the user's browsing history and cookies are not collected. The Google, Yahoo!, AOL, and MSN search engines all allow users to opt out of the behavioral targeting they use. Users can also delete search and browsing history at any time. The Ask.com search engine also has",
"title": "Search engine privacy"
},
{
"id": "11990144",
"text": "History of the web browser A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. It further provides for the capture or input of information which may be returned to the presenting system, then stored or processed as necessary. The method of accessing a particular page or content is achieved by entering its address, known as a Uniform Resource Identifier or URI. This may be a web page, image, video, or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources. A web",
"title": "History of the web browser"
},
{
"id": "11990146",
"text": "boom of the 1990s. Today, the major web browsers are Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, and Edge. The explosion in popularity of the Web was triggered in September 1993 by NCSA Mosaic, a graphical browser which eventually ran on several popular office and home computers. This was the first web browser aiming to bring multimedia content to non-technical users, and therefore included images and text on the same page, unlike previous browser designs; its founder, Marc Andreessen, also established the company that in 1994, released Netscape Navigator, which resulted in one of the early browser wars, when it ended",
"title": "History of the web browser"
},
{
"id": "12410261",
"text": "was in May 2005, and was used to discuss the privacy features in the Safari browser bundled with Mac OS X Tiger. The feature has since been adopted in other browsers, and led to popularization of the term in 2008 by mainstream news outlets and computing websites when discussing beta versions of Internet Explorer 8. However, privacy modes operate as shields because browsers typically do not remove all data from the cache after the session. Plug-ins, like Silverlight, are able to set cookies that will not be removed after the session. The common web browser plugin Adobe Flash Player began",
"title": "Private browsing"
},
{
"id": "452274",
"text": "2012. It has remained dominant ever since. In terms of technology, browsers have greatly expanded their HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and multimedia capabilities since the 1990s. One reason has been to enable more sophisticated websites, such as web applications. Another factor is the significant increase of broadband connectivity, which enables people to access data-intensive web content, such as YouTube streaming, that was not possible during the era of dial-up modems. The purpose of a web browser is to fetch information resources and display them on a user's device. This process begins when the user inputs a URL, such as \"<nowiki>https://en.wikipedia.org/</nowiki>\", into",
"title": "Web browser"
},
{
"id": "13438948",
"text": "Browser user interface A browser user interface (or BUI) is a method of interacting with an application, typically hosted on a remote device, via controls presented within a web browser. This is an alternative to providing controls via a separate application with a dedicated graphical user interface (GUI) or command-line interface (CLI). BUIs have become common for devices that have their own embedded microprocessor and network interface, such as a printer or network router. Since it is now expected that most owners or managers of such devices have access to a computer with a web browser, it is more convenient",
"title": "Browser user interface"
},
{
"id": "12873048",
"text": "across different IP subnets need the help of Domain Master Browser, which is always the Primary Domain Controller (PDC). Therefore, browsing across IP subnets is not possible in a pure workgroup network. In Windows XP, Computer Browser Service provides backwards compatibility for versions that don't use Active Directory. For My Network Places, Windows Explorer, and the \"net view\" command, Computer Browser is still needed in XP. Windows NT uses the Computer Browser service to collect and display all computers and other resources on the network. For example, opening Network Neighborhood displays the list of computers, shared folders, and printers; the",
"title": "Browser service"
},
{
"id": "12410266",
"text": "on the local machine, and most of them will not wipe the browsing data after the private browsing session ends. This violation even happens on some most popular extensions with millions of users on Firefox. Private browsing Private browsing, privacy mode or incognito mode is a privacy feature in some web browsers to disable browsing history and the web cache. This allows a person to browse the Web without storing local data that could be retrieved at a later date. Privacy mode will also disable the storage of data in cookies and Flash cookies. This privacy protection is only within",
"title": "Private browsing"
},
{
"id": "11990167",
"text": "in some cases); however, most of these situations are avoided in the table. Terms are defined below. History of the web browser A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. It further provides for the capture or input of information which may be returned to the presenting system, then stored or processed as necessary. The method of accessing a particular page or content is achieved by entering its address, known as a Uniform Resource Identifier or URI. This may be a web page, image, video, or other piece of",
"title": "History of the web browser"
},
{
"id": "12410265",
"text": "private browsing session, it still records the sites on which you've installed SSL certificates (which enable secure, encrypted information exchange indicated by the \"https\" in front of the URL) and allows specific permissions. If you download an SSL certificate from a website or told that site specifically to stop displaying pop-ups and downloading cookies, all of that information is still stored on Firefox. In 2015, researchers from Pennsylvania State University found that a considerable amount of extensions on Firefox violated the private browsing policy based on an investigation of the top 2,000 extensions. Many extensions maintain their own profile folders",
"title": "Private browsing"
},
{
"id": "14764394",
"text": "customized for Indian users. The browser integrated widgets such as social networking, chat clients and email facilities. Epic's default configuration takes a proactive approach to ensuring that session data (such as cookies, history, and cache) are removed upon exit. The browser includes a proxy service that can be enabled at the user's discretion, and is automatically enabled when using a search engine. Other features, such as preferring SSL connections and always sending a Do Not Track header, further advance privacy. Supplementary services found in the Chromium browser that send data to external servers, such as address bar suggestion and installation",
"title": "Epic (web browser)"
},
{
"id": "173021",
"text": "web browser, called WorldWideWeb (no spaces) and later renamed Nexus. Many others were soon developed, with Marc Andreessen's 1993 Mosaic (later Netscape), being particularly easy to use and install, and often credited with sparking the internet boom of the 1990s. Today, the major web browsers are Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Opera and Safari. A boost in web users was triggered in September 1993 by NCSA Mosaic, a graphical browser which eventually ran on several popular office and home computers. This was the first web browser aiming to bring multimedia content to non-technical users, and therefore included images and text",
"title": "History of the Internet"
},
{
"id": "7834232",
"text": "browsers have an online store that allows users to find extensions and see lists of popular extensions. Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera and Safari all provide such stores. Browser extensions are used for improving a browser's user interface, security or accessibility, blocking advertisements, and various other features to make browsing the internet easier and more pleasant. There are many types of extensions that can be used to control various aspects of browsing privacy and mitigate threats. For instance, they may prevent third parties from tracking the user's movements, block ads and scripts, or enforce good habits. A browser toolbar is a",
"title": "Browser extension"
},
{
"id": "11990164",
"text": "is included in Windows 10, but Microsoft Edge became the default browser there. Apple's Safari, the default browser on Mac OS X from version 10.3 onwards, has grown to dominate browsing on Mac OS X. Browsers such as Firefox, Camino, Google Chrome, and OmniWeb are alternative browsers for Mac systems. OmniWeb and Google Chrome, like Safari, use the WebKit rendering engine (forked from KHTML), which is packaged by Apple as a framework for use by third-party applications. In August 2007, Apple also ported Safari for use on the Windows XP and Vista operating systems. Opera was first released in 1996.",
"title": "History of the web browser"
},
{
"id": "15029334",
"text": "has confidential sites listed there, they may want to use a strong password or other authentication solution for their user account on their computer, password-protect the computer when not in use, or encrypt the storage medium on which the web browser stores its history information.. A new web browser announced in January 2016, Brave, intends to analyze the browsing history in order to target internet ads to its users. Web browsing history In computing, the web browsing history is the list of web pages a user has visited recently—and associated data such as page title and time of visit—which is",
"title": "Web browsing history"
},
{
"id": "12111045",
"text": "UC Browser UC Browser is a web browser developed by the Chinese mobile Internet company UCWeb, which is in turn owned by the Alibaba Group. As of August 2018 it is the third most popular mobile browser in the world by market share, after Google Chrome and Safari. Originally launched in April 2004 as a J2ME-only application, it is available on a number of platforms including Android, BlackBerry OS, iOS, Java ME, Symbian, Windows Phone and Microsoft Windows. The browser uses cloud acceleration and data compression technology. UC Browser's servers act as a proxy which compresses and renders the data",
"title": "UC Browser"
},
{
"id": "18308767",
"text": "storage or an SD card by default. Windows 10 introduces a new default web browser, Microsoft Edge. It features a new standards-compliant rendering engine forked from Trident, annotation tools, and offers integration with other Microsoft platforms present within Windows 10. Internet Explorer 11 is maintained on Windows 10 for compatibility purposes, but is deprecated in favor of Edge and will no longer be actively developed. Windows 10 incorporates Microsoft's intelligent personal assistant, Cortana, which was first introduced with Windows Phone 8.1 in 2014. Cortana replaced Windows' embedded search feature, supporting both text and voice input. Many of its features are",
"title": "Windows 10"
},
{
"id": "13438949",
"text": "for both the device manufacturer and the device owner to use a BUI rather than shipping a separate GUI application, which would require installation and updates on one or more computers. A web browser provides a much richer interface environment than a command-line interface. Browser user interface A browser user interface (or BUI) is a method of interacting with an application, typically hosted on a remote device, via controls presented within a web browser. This is an alternative to providing controls via a separate application with a dedicated graphical user interface (GUI) or command-line interface (CLI). BUIs have become common",
"title": "Browser user interface"
},
{
"id": "9040353",
"text": "keywords. Since: Opera 9.2, released April 11, 2007. Opera 9.20 introduced \"Speed Dial Browsing\". The blank page when a new tab is opened is replaced with a page with slots which the user can set to contain webpage bookmarks. This feature is based on the speed dial browsing previously introduced in Opera Mini. New versions of Opera's Speed Dial improved the feature by allowing an unlimited number of speed dial entries, Speed Dial extensions, introducing groups, real-time search of entries, added support to user-defined backgrounds and different resolution display layouts (e.g. widescreen). Users are able to save all the tabs",
"title": "Features of the Opera web browser"
},
{
"id": "15029331",
"text": "full access to the computer they are using (such as their parents, spouse, or manager, or law enforcement officials) seeing confidential information about websites they have visited. However, this alone will not necessarily give the user adequate privacy. Other factors may need to be considered, depending on the user's requirements. Such factors include the contents of the web browser cache, encryption of the data being transmitted over the network, and anonymity/traceability of the user's network connection. The means by which a user can stop pages being recorded, and delete records of previously-browsed pages, depends on the product used. If a",
"title": "Web browsing history"
},
{
"id": "11990152",
"text": "for adding, indexing, and modifying telnet links. This problem was solved by the invention of the web server. In April 1990, a draft patent application for a mass market consumer device for browsing pages via links \"PageLink\" was proposed by Craig Cockburn at Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) whilst working in their Networking and Communications division in Reading, England. This application for a keyboardless touch screen browser for consumers also makes reference to \"navigating and searching text\" and \"bookmarks\" was aimed at (quotes paraphrased) \"replacing books\", \"storing a shopping list\" \"have an updated personalised newspaper updated round the clock\", \"dynamically updated",
"title": "History of the web browser"
},
{
"id": "4041984",
"text": "Rich web application A rich web application (originally called a Rich Internet Application \"RIA\" or \"Installable Internet Application\") is a Web application that has many of the characteristics of desktop application software, typically delivered by way of a site-specific browser, a browser plug-in, an independent sandbox, extensive use of JavaScript, or a virtual machine. The concept is closely related to a single-page application, and may allow the user interactive features such as drag and drop, background menu, WYSIWYG editing, etc. HTML5 is a current standard for delivering rich web applications, supported by all major browsers. Adobe Flash manipulates vector and",
"title": "Rich web application"
},
{
"id": "14764393",
"text": "Epic (web browser) Epic is a privacy-centric web browser. It was developed by Hidden Reflex (a software product company founded by Alok Bhardwaj, based in Washington DC and Bangalore, India) from Chromium source code. Epic is always in \"private browsing mode\". Exiting the browser causes all browsing data to be deleted. Even during browsing as little as possible is stored. Epic removed all Google tracking and blocks other companies from tracking users. (The browser has no connection with the Electronic Privacy Information Center, a civil liberties group that's known as EPIC.) Epic was released on August 29, 2013. It is",
"title": "Epic (web browser)"
},
{
"id": "12053038",
"text": "Site-specific browser A site-specific browser (SSB) is a software application that is dedicated to accessing pages from a single source (site) on a computer network such as the Internet or a private intranet. SSBs typically simplify the more complex functions of a web browser by excluding the menus, toolbars and browser chrome associated with functions that are external to the workings of a single site. These applications are typically started by a desktop icon which is usually a favicon. Site-specific browsers are often implemented through the use of existing application frameworks such as Gecko, WebKit, Microsoft's Internet Explorer (the underlying",
"title": "Site-specific browser"
},
{
"id": "14835815",
"text": "Client portal A client portal is an electronic gateway to a collection of digital files, services, and information, accessible over the Internet through a web browser. The term is most often applied to a sharing mechanism between an organization and its clients. The organization provides a secure entry point, typically via a website, that lets its clients log into an area where they can view, download, and upload private information. Client portals are most prevalently used for the secure exchange of financial information, usually when teams are working remotely. Privacy laws such as the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act require that organizations encrypt",
"title": "Client portal"
},
{
"id": "538557",
"text": "Mosaic (web browser) NCSA Mosaic, or simply Mosaic, is the web browser that popularized the World Wide Web and the Internet. It was also a client for earlier internet protocols such as File Transfer Protocol, Network News Transfer Protocol, and Gopher. The browser was named for its support of multiple internet protocols. Its intuitive interface, reliability, Microsoft Windows port and simple installation all contributed to its popularity within the web, as well as on Microsoft operating systems. Mosaic was also the first browser to display images inline with text instead of displaying images in a separate window. While often described",
"title": "Mosaic (web browser)"
},
{
"id": "20496275",
"text": "Search Encrypt Search Encrypt is an Internet search engine that prioritizes maintaining user privacy and avoiding the filter bubble of personalized search results. It offers general web search, image and video search capabilities. Search Encrypt recently added a news search functionality. The authenticity of these claims is unclear, as the engine's privacy policy allows it to sell user data to marketers. Search Encrypt earns revenue from the advertisements that appear above the search results. In addition, the engine is often installed without the user's knowledge or consent, and automatically redirects the browser's homepage, activity that is characteristics of a browser",
"title": "Search Encrypt"
},
{
"id": "12379374",
"text": "accessed websites in what resembles a desktop with computer icons scattered over it in artistic formation. Opera has originated features later adopted by other web browsers, including Speed Dial, pop-up blocking, re-opening recently closed pages, private browsing, and tabbed browsing. Opera includes a bookmarks bar and a download manager. Opera also has \"Speed Dial\", which allows the user to add an unlimited number of pages shown in thumbnail form in a page displayed when a new tab is opened. Speed Dial allows the user to more easily navigate to the selected web pages. It is possible to control some aspects",
"title": "Opera (web browser)"
},
{
"id": "2705409",
"text": "Multiple browser games have developed beyond the online platform to become large titles or franchises sold physically in stores, in online marketplaces like Steam or XBLA, or in decentralized distribution platforms such as itch.io. Some notable titles are \"Transformice\", \"Alien Hominid\", \"Bejeweled\", \"Bloons\", \"Club Penguin\", and \"Meat Boy\". Browser games are often free-to-play and do not require any client software to be installed apart from a web browser or browser plug-in. In some cases a game may be free, but charge for extra in-game features. Multiplayer browser games have an additional focus on social interaction, either between several players or",
"title": "Browser game"
},
{
"id": "18498200",
"text": "Microsoft Edge Microsoft Edge (codename \"Spartan\") is a graphical web browser developed by Microsoft and included in Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile and Xbox One devices, replacing Internet Explorer as the default web browser on all device classes. Edge was originally built with Microsoft's own proprietary EdgeHTML browser engine, but is currently being rebuilt as a Chromium-based browser, which means using the Blink engine. Edge includes integration with Cortana, annotation tools, and a reading mode. Unlike Internet Explorer, Edge does not support ActiveX or Browser Helper Objects. Browser extension support was developed and added in preview builds in March 2016,",
"title": "Microsoft Edge"
},
{
"id": "5698527",
"text": "and enables the increased predictability of keyboard shortcuts on different sites. These include, for example, 1 to go to the homepage, 4 for search, 9 for contact, and others. This scheme was once in use on popular sites such as ft.com and bbc.co.uk, however it is rarely implemented currently. Ten years later, in 2014, an updated and more comprehensive standard using both letters and numbers was released in order to breathe new life into browser access key standardization efforts. Access key In a web browser, an access key or accesskey allows a computer user to immediately jump to a specific",
"title": "Access key"
},
{
"id": "6384897",
"text": "Online rich-text editor An online rich-text editor is the interface for editing rich text within web browsers, which presents the user with a \"what-you-see-is-what-you-get\" (WYSIWYG) editing area. The aim is to reduce the effort for users trying to express their formatting directly as valid HTML markup. Though very early browsers \"could display\" rich text, user data entry was limited to text boxes with a single font and style (implemented with the codice_1 HTML element). Internet Explorer was the first to add a special \"designMode\" which allowed formatted parts of a document to be edited by the user using a cursor.",
"title": "Online rich-text editor"
},
{
"id": "4185876",
"text": "privacy on the Internet can include programs such as \"Rapleaf\" which is a website that has a search engine that allows users to make all of one's search information and personal information private. Other websites that also give this option to their users are Facebook and Amazon. Search engines such as Startpage.com, Disconnect.me and Scroogle (defunct since 2012) anonymize Google searches. Some of the most notable Privacy-focused search-engines are: The advent of the Web 2.0 has caused social profiling and is a growing concern for Internet privacy. Web 2.0 is the system that facilitates participatory information sharing and collaboration on",
"title": "Internet privacy"
},
{
"id": "4280721",
"text": "WYCIWYG WYCIWYG is an acronym that stands for \"What You Cache Is What You Get\", commonly displayed in the address bar of Gecko-based Web browsers like Mozilla Firefox as wyciwyg:// when the Web browser is retrieving cached information. The term WYCIWYG is a play on the acronym WYSIWYG (\"What You See Is What You Get\"). Mozilla Firefox implements a registered, strictly internal codice_1 uniform resource identifier (URI) scheme to sort and later reference locally cached pages that were generated or modified by a script on the client side (a common practice for Web 2.0 sites). In 2007 Michał Zalewski reported",
"title": "WYCIWYG"
},
{
"id": "5452279",
"text": "desktop version of Internet Explorer 11 and came with Windows Phone 8.1. A new browser, Microsoft Edge replaced Internet Explorer Mobile in Windows 10 Mobile. The latest version of Internet Explorer Mobile includes tabbed browsing. The browser supports multi-touch gestures, including pinch-to-zoom as well as tap-to-zoom, although not the Touch API at present. Bing Search is tightly integrated with Internet Explorer Mobile. It can display websites in both \"mobile\" and \"desktop\" versions. Internet Explorer Mobile 6 is included with Windows Mobile 6.5 and Zune HD. Internet Explorer Mobile 7 is included with Windows CE 7. Internet Explorer Mobile 9 is",
"title": "Internet Explorer Mobile"
},
{
"id": "11990151",
"text": "not available in today's browsers. These include capabilities such as the ability to restrict searches within document structures, searches on indexed documents using wild cards and the ability to search on tag attribute values and attribute names. Starting in 1988, Peter Scott and Earle Fogel expanded the earlier HyperRez concept in creating Hytelnet which added jumps to telnet sites ... and which by 1990 offered users instant logon and access to the online catalogs of over 5000 libraries around the world. The strength of Hytelnet was speed and simplicity in link creation/execution at the expense of a centralized worldwide source",
"title": "History of the web browser"
},
{
"id": "10168043",
"text": "and Google Chrome. InformationWeek mentioned it as a Stealth' Privacy Mode\". InPrivate Browsing in Internet Explorer 8 helps prevent one's browsing history, temporary Internet files, form data, cookies, and usernames and passwords from being retained by the browser, leaving no easily accessible evidence of browsing or search history. InPrivate Filtering provides users an added level of control and choice about the information that third party websites can use to track browsing activity. InPrivate Subscriptions allow you to augment the capability of InPrivate Blocking by subscribing to lists of websites to block or allow. As with other private browsing modes there",
"title": "Internet Explorer 8"
},
{
"id": "6384901",
"text": "(a MediaWiki extension). Online rich-text editor An online rich-text editor is the interface for editing rich text within web browsers, which presents the user with a \"what-you-see-is-what-you-get\" (WYSIWYG) editing area. The aim is to reduce the effort for users trying to express their formatting directly as valid HTML markup. Though very early browsers \"could display\" rich text, user data entry was limited to text boxes with a single font and style (implemented with the codice_1 HTML element). Internet Explorer was the first to add a special \"designMode\" which allowed formatted parts of a document to be edited by the user",
"title": "Online rich-text editor"
},
{
"id": "575371",
"text": "provisioning private peering on a temporary basis, while other larger networks are not willing to participate at public exchanges at all. A few exchange points, particularly in the United States, are operated by commercial carrier-neutral third parties, which are critical for achieving cost-effective data center connectivity. Private peering is the direct interconnection between only two networks, across a Layer 1 or 2 medium that offers dedicated capacity that is not shared by any other parties. Early in the history of the Internet, many private peers occurred across \"telco\" provisioned SONET circuits between individual carrier-owned facilities. Today, most private interconnections occur",
"title": "Peering"
},
{
"id": "2695423",
"text": "Browser wars A browser war is competition for dominance in the usage share of web browsers. The First Browser War was Microsoft's Internet Explorer against Netscape's Navigator during the late 1990s. Browser wars continued with the decline of Internet Explorer's market share since 2003 and the increasing popularity of other browsers including Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, and Opera. With the introduction of HTML5 and CSS 3, a new generation of browser war began, this time adding extensive client-side scripting to the World Wide Web, as well as more widespread use of smartphones and other mobile devices for browsing the web.",
"title": "Browser wars"
},
{
"id": "12111056",
"text": "each of the assets of Chrome; however, it likewise has a few extra highlights to make your browsing on the Web both simple and amusing. The Latest Version of UC Browser available for Windows is 7.0.185. UC Browser was released for Windows Phone in early 2012, and it is now the most downloaded third-party web browser on that operating system. Its popular features include Download, Incognito Browsing and Wi-Fi Sharing. The company announced its \"Going Global\" strategy in 2012. By providing different versions for English, Russian, Indonesian, Vietnamese markets and more, the company hopes to better serve its growing international",
"title": "UC Browser"
},
{
"id": "4752625",
"text": "rules language with a theorem prover”. P3P The Platform for Privacy Preferences Project (P3P) is an obsolete protocol allowing websites to declare their intended use of information they collect about web browser users. Designed to give users more control of their personal information when browsing, P3P was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and officially recommended on April 16, 2002. Development ceased shortly thereafter and there have been very few implementations of P3P. Microsoft Internet Explorer and Edge were the only major browsers to support P3P. Microsoft has ended support from Windows 10 onwards. Microsoft Internet Explorer and",
"title": "P3P"
},
{
"id": "15029328",
"text": "Web browsing history In computing, the web browsing history is the list of web pages a user has visited recently—and associated data such as page title and time of visit—which is recorded by web browser software as standard for a certain period of time. Web browser software does this in order to provide the user with a back button and a history list to go back to pages they have visited previously as well as displaying visited links (typically by coloring them purple) rather than relying on the user to remember where they have been on the web. In addition",
"title": "Web browsing history"
},
{
"id": "564690",
"text": "Browser engine A browser engine is a core software component of every major web browser. The primary job of a browser engine is to transform HTML documents and other resources of a web page into an interactive visual representation on a user's device. A browser engine is not a stand-alone computer program but a critical piece of a larger program, such as a web browser, from which the term is derived. (The word \"engine\" is an analogy to the engine of a car.) Besides \"browser engine\", two other terms are in common use regarding related concepts: \"layout engine\" and \"rendering",
"title": "Browser engine"
},
{
"id": "200254",
"text": "Vista with Protected Mode turned on, however, opening privileged content (such as local HTML pages) will create a new tab process as it will not be constrained by Protected Mode. Internet Explorer exposes a set of Component Object Model (COM) interfaces that allows add-ons to extend the functionality of the browser. Extensibility is divided into two types: Browser extensibility and content extensibility. Browser extensibility involves adding context menu entries, toolbars, menu items or Browser Helper Objects (BHO). BHOs are used to extend the feature set of the browser, whereas the other extensibility options are used to expose that feature in",
"title": "Internet Explorer"
},
{
"id": "3109951",
"text": "Mobile browser A mobile browser is a web browser designed for use on a mobile device such as a mobile phone or PDA. Mobile browsers are optimized so as to display Web content most effectively for small screens on portable devices. Mobile browser software must be small and efficient to accommodate the low memory capacity and low-bandwidth of wireless handheld devices. Typically, they were stripped-down web browsers, however, some recent mobile browsers can handle latest technologies also such as CSS 2.1, JavaScript, and Ajax. Websites designed so that they may be accessed from these browsers are referred to as \"wireless",
"title": "Mobile browser"
},
{
"id": "2402952",
"text": "Favicons are often manipulated as part of phishing or eavesdropping attacks against HTTPS webpages. Many web browsers display favicons near areas of the web browser's UI, such as the address bar, that are used to convey whether the connection to a website is using a secure protocol like TLS. By changing the favicon to a familiar padlock image an attacker can attempt to trick the user into thinking they are securely connected to the proper website. Automated man-in-the-middle attack tools such as SSLStrip utilize this trick. In order to eliminate this, some web browsers display the favicon within the tab",
"title": "Favicon"
},
{
"id": "2547526",
"text": "client computer, in an ISP or within a corporate network. A network-aware forward cache is just like a forward cache but only caches heavily accessed items. A client, such as a web browser, can also store web content for reuse. For example, if the back button is pressed, the local cached version of a page may be displayed instead of a new request being sent to the web server. A web proxy sitting between the client and the server can evaluate HTTP headers and choose whether to store web content. A reverse cache sits in front of one or more",
"title": "Web cache"
},
{
"id": "173020",
"text": "Internet using a web browser and (more recently) web-based applications. It has become known simply as \"the Web\". As of the 2010s, the World Wide Web is the primary tool billions use to interact on the Internet, and it has changed people's lives immeasurably. Precursors to the web browser emerged in the form of hyperlinked applications during the mid and late 1980s (the bare concept of hyperlinking had by then existed for some decades). Following these, Tim Berners-Lee is credited with inventing the World Wide Web in 1989 and developing in 1990 both the first web server, and the first",
"title": "History of the Internet"
},
{
"id": "2402941",
"text": "bookmarks. Browsers that support a tabbed document interface typically show a page's favicon next to the page's title on the tab, and site-specific browsers use the favicon as a desktop icon. Favicons can also be used to have a textless favorite site, saving space. In March 1999, Microsoft released Internet Explorer 5, which supported favicons for the first time. Originally, the favicon was a file called codice_1 placed in the root directory of a website. It was used in Internet Explorer's \"favorites\" (bookmarks) and next to the URL in the address bar if the page was bookmarked. A side effect",
"title": "Favicon"
},
{
"id": "13298382",
"text": "Deepnet Explorer Deepnet Explorer is a web browser created by Deepnet Security for the Microsoft Windows platform, first released in 2005. The most recent version is 1.5.3 (BETA 3) which was Released October 19, 2006. Developed in Britain, Deepnet Explorer gained early recognition both for its use of anti-phishing tools and the inclusion of a peer-to-peer facility for file sharing, based on the Gnutella network. The anti-phishing feature, in combination with other additions, led the developers to claim that it had a higher level of security than either Firefox or Internet Explorer—however, as the underlying rendering engine was still the",
"title": "Deepnet Explorer"
},
{
"id": "452276",
"text": "other pages and resources. Each link contains a URL, and when it is clicked, the browser navigates to the new resource. Thus the process of bringing content to the user begins again. To implement all of this, modern browsers are a combination of numerous software components. All major browsers allow the user to open multiple pages at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window. They also support the use of extensions to add to or modify browser operation in a variety of ways. Common user interface features of browsers: Web browser",
"title": "Web browser"
},
{
"id": "7834230",
"text": "Browser extension A browser extension is a plug-in that extends the functionality of a web browser. Some extensions are authored using web technologies such as HTML, JavaScript, and CSS. Others are developed using machine code and application programming interfaces (APIs) provided by web browsers, such as NPAPI and PPAPI. Browser extensions can change the user interface of the web browser without directly affecting viewable content of a web page; for example, by adding a browser toolbar. Internet Explorer started supporting extensions from version 5 released in 1999. Firefox has supported extensions since its launch in 2004. The Opera desktop web",
"title": "Browser extension"
},
{
"id": "4752603",
"text": "P3P The Platform for Privacy Preferences Project (P3P) is an obsolete protocol allowing websites to declare their intended use of information they collect about web browser users. Designed to give users more control of their personal information when browsing, P3P was developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and officially recommended on April 16, 2002. Development ceased shortly thereafter and there have been very few implementations of P3P. Microsoft Internet Explorer and Edge were the only major browsers to support P3P. Microsoft has ended support from Windows 10 onwards. Microsoft Internet Explorer and Edge on Windows 10 will no",
"title": "P3P"
},
{
"id": "2705408",
"text": "Browser game A browser game is a video game that is played over the Internet using a web browser. Browser games can be run using standard web technologies or browser plug-ins. The creation of such games usually involves use of standard web technologies as a frontend and other technologies to provide a backend. Browser games include all video game genres and can be single-player or multiplayer. Browser games are also portable and can be played on multiple different devices, web browsers, and operating systems. Browser games come in many genres and themes that appeal to both regular and casual players.",
"title": "Browser game"
},
{
"id": "3109960",
"text": "or user-installed mobile browsers. The following are several leading mobile transcoding services. Mobile browser A mobile browser is a web browser designed for use on a mobile device such as a mobile phone or PDA. Mobile browsers are optimized so as to display Web content most effectively for small screens on portable devices. Mobile browser software must be small and efficient to accommodate the low memory capacity and low-bandwidth of wireless handheld devices. Typically, they were stripped-down web browsers, however, some recent mobile browsers can handle latest technologies also such as CSS 2.1, JavaScript, and Ajax. Websites designed so that",
"title": "Mobile browser"
},
{
"id": "18498201",
"text": "and released with the Windows 10 Anniversary Update on August 2, 2016. Microsoft Edge extensions are distributed via Microsoft Store. Microsoft debuted Edge for Android and iOS in late 2017. Microsoft Edge is the default web browser on Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, and Xbox One consoles, replacing Internet Explorer 11 and Internet Explorer Mobile. Microsoft initially announced that Edge would support the legacy Trident (MSHTML) layout engine for backwards compatibility, but later said that, due to \"strong feedback\", Edge would use a new engine, while Internet Explorer would continue to provide the legacy engine. Favorites, reading list, browsing history",
"title": "Microsoft Edge"
},
{
"id": "9040244",
"text": "Opera was added. Opera 39 was released on August 2, 2016, based on Chromium 52. Opera 40 was released on September 20, 2016, based on Chromium 53. Opera 41 was released on October 25, 2016, based on Chromium 54. Opera 42 was released on December 13, 2016, based on Chromium 55. Opera 43 was released on February 7, 2017, based on Chromium 56. Opera 44 was released on March 21, 2017, based on Chromium 57. Opera 45 was released on May 10, 2017, based on Chromium 58, and comes with a slightly overhauled user interface and an integrated messenger sidebar",
"title": "History of the Opera web browser"
},
{
"id": "3966185",
"text": "Line Mode Browser The Line Mode Browser (also known as LMB, WWWLib, or just www) is the second web browser ever created. The browser was the first demonstrated to be portable to several different operating systems. Operated from a simple command-line interface, it could be widely used on many computers and computer terminals throughout the Internet. The browser was developed starting in 1990, and then supported by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) as an example and test application for the libwww library. One of the fundamental concepts of the \"World Wide Web\" projects at CERN was \"universal readership\". In",
"title": "Line Mode Browser"
},
{
"id": "2698922",
"text": "versions with different encryption strengths. \"U\" stands for \"USA\" (for the version with 128-bit encryption), \"I\" stands for \"International\" the browser has 40-bit encryption and can be used anywhere in the world and \"N\" stands (\"de facto\") for \"None\" (no encryption). Following the lifting of export restrictions, most vendors supported 256-bit encryption. User agent In computing, a user agent is software (a software agent) that is acting on behalf of a user. One common use of the term refers to a web browser that \"retrieves, renders and facilitates end user interaction with Web content\". There are other uses of the",
"title": "User agent"
},
{
"id": "18498203",
"text": "search functionality, and dynamic information related to searches within the address bar. Users can make annotations to web pages that can be stored to and shared with OneDrive, but can't save HTML pages to their own computers. It also integrates with the \"Reading List\" function and provides a \"Reading Mode\" that strips unnecessary formatting from pages to improve their legibility. Preliminary support for browser extensions was added in March 2016, with build 14291; three extensions were initially supported. Microsoft indicated that the delay in allowing extensions and the small number was due to security concerns. EdgeHTML is a proprietary layout",
"title": "Microsoft Edge"
},
{
"id": "200238",
"text": "OEM version called Pocket Internet Explorer, later rebranded Internet Explorer Mobile made for Windows Phone, Windows CE, and previously, based on Internet Explorer 7 for Windows Mobile. On March 17, 2015, Microsoft announced that Microsoft Edge would replace Internet Explorer as the default browser on its Windows 10 devices. This effectively makes Internet Explorer 11 the last release (however IE 10 and 9 also receive security updates as of 2018). Internet Explorer, however, remains on Windows 10 primarily for enterprise purposes. Since January 12, 2016, only Internet Explorer 11 has been supported. Support varies based on the operating system's technical",
"title": "Internet Explorer"
},
{
"id": "14764395",
"text": "tracking, are removed in Epic to reduce the scope of potential data leakage. Epic supports Windows 7 and later, and Mac OS X. List of Web browsers Epic (web browser) Epic is a privacy-centric web browser. It was developed by Hidden Reflex (a software product company founded by Alok Bhardwaj, based in Washington DC and Bangalore, India) from Chromium source code. Epic is always in \"private browsing mode\". Exiting the browser causes all browsing data to be deleted. Even during browsing as little as possible is stored. Epic removed all Google tracking and blocks other companies from tracking users. (The",
"title": "Epic (web browser)"
},
{
"id": "11990157",
"text": "a user option to automatically display images inline or to show an icon for opening in external programs. Marc Andreessen, who was the leader of the Mosaic team at NCSA, quit to form a company that would later be known as Netscape Communications Corporation. Netscape released its flagship Navigator product in October 1994, and it took off the next year. IBM presented its own Web Explorer with OS/2 Warp in 1994. UdiWWW was the first web browser that was able to handle all HTML 3 features with the math tags released 1995. Following the release of version 1.2 in April",
"title": "History of the web browser"
},
{
"id": "20837569",
"text": "a modern replacement for the Lynx text-based web browser. Others have felt displaying the web in text is impractical. Browsh Browsh is a web browser that can be run from a terminal client environments such as ssh or Mosh or from a web browser client. It represents web pages as text. The Browsh web browser which represents web pages as text and can be run either from a terminal client environment or from a web browser. the web browser client remains less developed. It has been developed since 23 April 2016. It uses Go as a core part of its",
"title": "Browsh"
},
{
"id": "5207003",
"text": "20–30% by the end of 1997. In September 1997 it was superseded by Microsoft Internet Explorer 4. IE3 was the first commercial browser with Cascading Style Sheets support. It introduced support for ActiveX controls, Java applets, inline multimedia, and the Platform for Internet Content Selection (PICS) system for content metadata. This version was the first version of Internet Explorer to use the blue 'e' logo, which later became a symbol of the browser. Version 3 came bundled with Internet Mail and News, NetMeeting, and an early version of the Windows Address Book, and was itself included with Windows 95 OEM",
"title": "Internet Explorer 3"
},
{
"id": "12798536",
"text": "pages; and Internationalized Domain Names (in version 7), which allow Web sites to have native-language addresses with non-Latin characters. The browser has also received scrutiny throughout its development for use of third-party technology (such as the source code of Spyglass Mosaic, used without royalty in early versions) and security and privacy vulnerabilities, and both the United States and the European Union have alleged that integration of Internet Explorer with Windows has been to the detriment of other browsers. The latest stable release has an interface allowing for use as both a desktop application, and as a Windows 8 application. IE",
"title": "Internet Explorer version history"
},
{
"id": "7230744",
"text": "would navigate either by bookmarking popular directory pages, such as Berners-Lee's first site at <nowiki>http://info.cern.ch/</nowiki>, or by consulting updated lists such as the NCSA \"What's New\" page. Some sites were also indexed by WAIS, enabling users to submit full-text searches similar to the capability later provided by search engines. By the end of 1994, the total number of websites was still minute compared to present figures, but quite a number of notable websites were already active, many of which are the precursors or inspiring examples of today's most popular services. Initially, a web browser was available only for the NeXT",
"title": "History of the World Wide Web"
},
{
"id": "173080",
"text": "application. Marc Andreessen's 1993 Mosaic and 1994 Netscape introduced mixed text and images for non-technical users. HTML evolved during the 1990s, leading to HTML 4 which introduced large elements of CSS styling and, later, extensions to allow browser code to make calls and ask for content from servers in a structured way (AJAX). There are nearly insurmountable problems in supplying a historiography of the Internet's development. The process of digitization represents a twofold challenge both for historiography in general and, in particular, for historical communication research. A sense of the difficulty in documenting early developments that led to the internet",
"title": "History of the Internet"
},
{
"id": "3971669",
"text": "user on a case-by-case basis. Address bars have been a feature of web browsers since NCSA Mosaic. For websites using a favicon (a small icon that represents the website), a small icon will generally be present within the address bar, or somewhere nearby. Favicons are specific to websites, thus a generic icon will be displayed if not specified. The address bar is also used, in some browsers, to show the security status of a web page. Various colors and padlock icons may appear if the page is encrypted, and/or to indicate if intended communication is trustworthy and secure. Some browsers",
"title": "Address bar"
},
{
"id": "11990161",
"text": "Netscape responded by open sourcing its product, creating Mozilla. This helped the browser maintain its technical edge over Internet Explorer, but did not slow Netscape's declining market share. Netscape was purchased by America Online in late 1998. At first, the Mozilla project struggled to attract developers, but by 2002, it had evolved into a relatively stable and powerful internet suite. Mozilla 1.0 was released to mark this milestone. Also in 2002, a spinoff project that would eventually become the popular Firefox was released. Firefox was always downloadable for free from the start, as was its predecessor, the Mozilla browser. Firefox's",
"title": "History of the web browser"
},
{
"id": "2695456",
"text": "to over 60% worldwide. In May 26, 2017 Andreas Gal, former Mozilla CTO publicly stated that Google Chrome won the Second Browser War. As of July 2018, combining all types of devices using the internet, Google Chrome remains the most used browser across the world by a wide margin. Browser wars A browser war is competition for dominance in the usage share of web browsers. The First Browser War was Microsoft's Internet Explorer against Netscape's Navigator during the late 1990s. Browser wars continued with the decline of Internet Explorer's market share since 2003 and the increasing popularity of other browsers",
"title": "Browser wars"
},
{
"id": "4756372",
"text": "portions of the underlying architecture, including the rendering engine and security framework, have been improved. New features include tabbed browsing, page zooming, an integrated search box, a feed reader, better internationalization, and improved support for web standards, although it does not pass the Acid2 or Acid3 tests. Security enhancements include a phishing filter, stronger encryption on Windows Vista (256-bit from 128-bit in XP), and a \"Delete browsing history\" button to easily clear private data. It is also the first version of Internet Explorer which is branded and marketed under the name 'Windows', instead of 'Microsoft'. IE7 shipped as the default",
"title": "Internet Explorer 7"
},
{
"id": "9040240",
"text": "It also features the ability to share selected bookmarks via a URL, and integrated a print preview. Bing was removed from the default search engine list, and can thus no longer be set as the default. Opera 27 was released on January 27, 2015, based on Chromium 40. A tab menu was added on the right of the tab bar, which displays all opened tabs in a list. Hovering the cursor over a name in the list and it shows an preview of the selected tab. Reorganised the navigation on the start page. Includes additional bug-fixes for the PPAPI plugin",
"title": "History of the Opera web browser"
},
{
"id": "12469831",
"text": "Browse wrap Browse-wrap (also Browserwrap or browse-wrap license) is a term used in Internet law to refer to a contract or license agreement covering access to or use of materials on a web site or downloadable product. In a browse-wrap agreement, the terms and conditions of use for a website or other downloadable product are posted on the website, typically as a hyperlink at the bottom of the screen. Unlike a clickwrap agreement, where the user must manifest assent to the terms and conditions by clicking on an \"I agree\" box, a browse-wrap agreement does not require this type of",
"title": "Browse wrap"
},
{
"id": "190368",
"text": "network services, most prominently include mobile apps such as social media apps, the World Wide Web, electronic mail, multiplayer online games, Internet telephony, and file sharing and streaming media services. World Wide Web browser software, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer/Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Apple's Safari, and Google Chrome, lets users navigate from one web page to another via hyperlinks embedded in the documents. These documents may also contain any combination of computer data, including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and interactive content that runs while the user is interacting with the page. Client-side software can include animations, games, office applications",
"title": "Internet"
},
{
"id": "16751794",
"text": "Google Safe Browsing Google Safe Browsing is a blacklist service provided by Google that provides lists of URLs for web resources that contain malware or phishing content. The Google Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Opera, Vivaldi, and GNOME Web browsers use the lists from the Google Safe Browsing service for checking pages against potential threats. Google also provides a public API for the service. Google also provides information to Internet service providers, by sending e-mail alerts to autonomous system operators regarding threats hosted on their networks. According to Google, as of September 2017, over 3 billion Internet devices are protected by this",
"title": "Google Safe Browsing"
},
{
"id": "12909516",
"text": "view, some information (grouped) elements, like a navigation bar, are uniform for all website pages, like a standard. This kind of \"website standard information\" are supplied by technologies like web template systems. Web pages will often require more screen space than is available for a particular display resolution. Most modern browsers will place a scrollbar (a sliding tool at the side of the screen that allows the user to move the page up or down, or side-to-side) in the window to allow the user to see all content. Scrolling horizontally is less prevalent than vertical scrolling, not only because such",
"title": "Web page"
},
{
"id": "6223322",
"text": "aware that the hijacker has infected their Internet Explorer, Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox browsers. Mixi.DJ offers a media player, but also a free toolbar and Conduit-based search engine, the toolbar being the add-on prompted to add during installation. The toolbar is a new hijacker that alters a browser's homepage. It also adds itself to the computer's registry, creates strings in the memory, and changes Internet Explorer's icon to a magnifying glass. MyStart.Incredibar Search (Mystart Search IncrediBar, MyStart toolbar, MyStart Search, IncrediBar, IncrediBar Games-EN) is a very dangerous Internet browser hijacker, virus, and spyware that often comes embedded with many",
"title": "Browser hijacking"
},
{
"id": "7186105",
"text": "and quantities of messages that are sent. The introduction and rapid growth of e-commerce on the world wide web in the mid-1990s made it obvious that some form of authentication and encryption was needed. Netscape took the first shot at a new standard. At the time, the dominant web browser was Netscape Navigator. Netscape created a standard called secure socket layer (SSL). SSL requires a server with a certificate. When a client requests access to an SSL-secured server, the server sends a copy of the certificate to the client. The SSL client checks this certificate (all web browsers come with",
"title": "Computer network"
},
{
"id": "19191002",
"text": "investigations or for the removal of child pornography\". In 2008, Consumer Watchdog produced a video showing how Google Chrome records what a user types into the web address field and sends that information to Google servers to populate search suggestions. The video includes discussion regarding the potential privacy implications of this feature. Google Chrome includes a private browsing feature called \"incognito browsing mode\" that prevents the browser from permanently storing any browsing or download history information or cookies. Using incognito mode prevents tracking by the browser. However, the individual websites visited can still track and store information about visits. In",
"title": "Privacy concerns regarding Google"
},
{
"id": "9040371",
"text": "use proxy servers. It has a built-in cookie editor and web cache viewer. Also, the password manager integrated into the browser let users set a master password to protect against unauthorized tampering or access to stored passwords in the password manager. Users have full control over data supplied to the W3C Geolocation API. Introduced in Opera 10.50, users could open a private browsing session in a tab in the current window, instead of a separate window. Private Tabs would not record browsing history, use the web cache, or stored passwords, and forget any information accessed in the Tab when it",
"title": "Features of the Opera web browser"
},
{
"id": "16345641",
"text": "Browser security Browser security is the application of Internet security to web browsers in order to protect networked data and computer systems from breaches of privacy or malware. Security exploits of browsers often use JavaScript — sometimes with cross-site scripting (XSS) — sometimes with a secondary payload using Adobe Flash. Security exploits can also take advantage of vulnerabilities (security holes) that are commonly exploited in all browsers (including Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Safari). Web browsers can be breached in one or more of the following ways: The browser may not be aware of any of",
"title": "Browser security"
},
{
"id": "452273",
"text": "to remain competitive, Netscape launched what would become the Mozilla Foundation to create a new browser using the open source software model. This work evolved into Firefox, first released by Mozilla in 2004. Firefox reached a 28% market share in 2011. Apple released its Safari browser in 2003. It remains the dominant browser on Apple platforms, though it never became a factor elsewhere. The last major entrant to the browser market was Google. Its Chrome browser, which debuted in 2008, has been a huge success. It steadily took market share from Internet Explorer and became the most popular browser in",
"title": "Web browser"
},
{
"id": "20545784",
"text": "(Ericom Shield), Fireglass (recently acquired by Symantec Corporation), Authentic8 International (Silo), Cyberinc (Isla), Light Point Security, LLC (Light Point Web Full Isolation Platform), Menlo Security, Inc. (Menlo Security Isolation Platform) and Randed (Isolation Cloud Technology - IC Tech)\" Browser isolation Browser isolation is a cybersecurity model that physically isolates an internet user's browsing activity away from their local networks and infrastructure. Browser isolation technologies approach this model in different ways, but they all seek to achieve the same goal, effective isolation of the web browser and a users browsing activity as a method of securing web browsers from browser-based security",
"title": "Browser isolation"
},
{
"id": "18813232",
"text": "Mail app adds user-configurable swipe gesture controls and POP3 email support. Google Calendar support is added to the Calendar app. The Settings app is expanded to have similar functionality as the Control Panel, albeit with a Metro-style user interface. The Map app can download maps for offline use. Microsoft Edge is the new browser for Windows 10 and is the successor to Internet Explorer, although Internet Explorer will remain for compatibility and legacy purposes. Cortana has been integrated into Edge, accessible by the option \"Ask Cortana\" in the right click menu, as well as a Reading View and the ability",
"title": "Features new to Windows 10"
},
{
"id": "4045881",
"text": "complete support for the PNG image standard (which previous versions did not support at all), DOCTYPE switching, Text Zoom and XML source view. It also included an Auction Manager for tracking auctions in sites like eBay and an Internet Scrapbook to allow users to quickly and easily store and organize web content (for example an image or a piece of selected text). Preview releases of the browser included a feature called the MediaBar which integrated MP3 and internet radio playback, but this feature was dropped from the final version. The initial release was just for Mac OS 8 and Mac",
"title": "Internet Explorer for Mac"
},
{
"id": "14634154",
"text": "Browser speed test A browser speed test is a computer benchmark that scores the performance of a web browser, by measuring the browser's efficiency in completing a predefined list of tasks. In general the testing software is available online, located on a website, where different algorithms are loaded and performed in the browser client. Typical test tasks are rendering and animation, DOM transformations, string operations, mathematical calculations, sorting algorithms, graphic performance tests and memory instructions. Browser speed tests have been used during browser wars to prove superiority of specific web browsers. The popular Acid3 test is no particular speed test",
"title": "Browser speed test"
},
{
"id": "451764",
"text": "Early studies of this new behaviour investigated user patterns in using web browsers. One study, for example, found five user patterns: exploratory surfing, window surfing, evolved surfing, bounded navigation and targeted navigation. The following example demonstrates the functioning of a web browser when accessing a page at the URL codice_1. The browser resolves the server name of the URL (codice_2) into an Internet Protocol address using the globally distributed Domain Name System (DNS). This lookup returns an IP address such as \"203.0.113.4\" or \"2001:db8:2e::7334\". The browser then requests the resource by sending an HTTP request across the Internet to the",
"title": "World Wide Web"
},
{
"id": "11854470",
"text": "for public use, examples are The goal of a blacklist in a web browser is to prevent the user from visiting a malicious or deceitful web page via filtering locally. A common web browsing blacklist is Google's Safe Browsing, which is installed by default in Firefox, Safari, and Chrome. Blacklisting can also apply to user credentials. It is common for systems or websites to blacklist certain reserved usernames that are not allowed to be chosen by the system or website's user populations. These reserved usernames are commonly associated with built-in system administration functions. Password blacklists are very similar to username",
"title": "Blacklist (computing)"
},
{
"id": "3109953",
"text": "specifies XHTML Mobile Profile plus WAP CSS, subsets of the W3C's standard XHTML and CSS with minor mobile extensions. Newer mobile browsers are full-featured Web browsers capable of HTML, CSS, ECMAScript, as well as mobile technologies such as WML, i-mode HTML, or cHTML. To accommodate small screens, they use Post-WIMP interfaces. The first mobile browser for a PDA was PocketWeb for the Apple Newton created at TecO in 1994, followed by the first commercial product NetHopper released in August 1996. The so-called \"microbrowser\" technologies such as WAP, NTTDocomo's i-mode platform and Openwave's HDML platform fueled the first wave of interest",
"title": "Mobile browser"
}
] | a browser feature that is synonymous to private browsing |
|
| [
{
"id": "4253933",
"text": "Can't Get You Out of My Head \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album, titled \"Fever,\" which she released in 2001. The song was released in Australia by Parlophone as the lead single from the album on 8 September 2001. It was released on 17 September 2001 in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the single was released on 18 February 2002. Jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" is a midtempo dance song",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253984",
"text": "2009). (2nd ed.) Can't Get You Out of My Head \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album, titled \"Fever,\" which she released in 2001. The song was released in Australia by Parlophone as the lead single from the album on 8 September 2001. It was released on 17 September 2001 in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the single was released on 18 February 2002. Jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" is a",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253939",
"text": "online messageboards alight.\" \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" was chosen as the lead single from Minogue's eighth studio album, \"Fever,\" and it was released on 8 September 2001 by Parlophone in Australia, while in the United Kingdom and other European countries it was released on 17 September. \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" was jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis. Dennis and Davis had been brought together by British artist manager Simon Fuller, who wanted the duo to come up with a song for British pop group S Club 7. The song",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253935",
"text": "US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, becoming Minogue's biggest hit in the region since \"The Loco-Motion\". \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" reportedly reached number one in 40 countries across the globe. It was certified triple-platinum in Australia, double-platinum in the United Kingdom, and gold in the United States. It became Minogue's first single to sell in excess of one million copies in the United Kingdom, where it also stands as the 28th best-selling single of the millennium. As of 2013, the song was Minogue's highest selling single and one of the best-selling singles of all time, with worldwide sales",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253940",
"text": "was recorded using Cubase music software, which Davis ran on his Mac computer. Davis began playing an acoustic guitar and ran a 125 beats per minute drum loop, on which Dennis, herself a singer who had enjoyed chart success in the United States, began singing the line \"I just can't get you out of my head\" in the key of D minor. After three and a half hours, the demo was recorded and the vocals were laid afterwards. Dennis called their recording setup for the song, \"the most primitive set-up you could imagine! Different producers work in different ways. But",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253934",
"text": "which combines the genres of synth-pop and nu-disco, which lyrically details its narrator's obsession towards her lover. The song is famous for its \"la la la\" hook. In addition to acclaim from music critics, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" found commercial success on a large scale. It peaked at number one on the charts of Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and every other European country excluding Finland. It also topped the charts of Minogue's native Australia as well as New Zealand. In the United States, the song peaked at number seven on the",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253942",
"text": "singer-songwriter Sophie Ellis-Bextor also turned down the offer to record it. Davis then met with Minogue's A&R executive, Jamie Nelson. After hearing the demo cassette of the song, Nelson booked it for Minogue to record later that year. Nelson was impressed by the \"vibe\" of the song and felt it would please the \"danceheads.\" Although Davis was initially under the impression that the recording deal would be called off later, Minogue became enthusiastic to record the song after hearing 20 seconds of the demo. The whole song, including Minogue's vocals, were recorded at Davis's home studio in Surrey. The music,",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253975",
"text": "in the United Kingdom of all time. It is Minogue's highest selling single as of 2013 and also one of the best-selling singles of all time. As of June 2015, it is the 28th best-selling single of the millennium in the United Kingdom. The song is notable for being Minogue's biggest and strongest commercial breakthrough in the United States, a region in which Minogue had previously managed to achieve little success. The commercial success of \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" in the US is often considered to have piloted its parent album \"Fever\" to achieve similar success in",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253974",
"text": "section, and an interlude dubbed the \"Sex Segue.\" She also performed this version during the 2015 Royal Albert Hall performance as part of her \"Kylie Christmas\" concert. Following its release, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" peaked at number one on the charts of every European country (except Finland), Australia and New Zealand. The song reportedly reached number one in 40 countries worldwide, and as of 2013, it has sold over seven million copies. In the United Kingdom, the total sales of the song are accumulated to be around 1.16 million units, thus making it the 75th best-selling single",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "2462558",
"text": "singles were released from the album. Its lead single \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" was released in September 2001 and became a massive commercial success, peaking atop the charts of 40 countries and selling more than six million copies worldwide. The song, which is often recognised as Minogue's signature song, is her highest selling single as of today and one of the best-selling singles of all time. Follow-up singles \"In Your Eyes\" and \"Love at First Sight\" also performed well on charts internationally. The last single \"Come into My World\" won the Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording",
"title": "Fever (Kylie Minogue album)"
},
{
"id": "4253937",
"text": "commercial breakthrough in the United States and is said to have been the reason behind the success of its parent album \"Fever\" in the region. \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" is also recognized as Minogue's signature song and was a defining point in her musical career. In 2012, the song was re-recorded for inclusion in Minogue's orchestral compilation album, \"The Abbey Road Sessions.\" In 2000, Minogue signed to the Parlophone Records label and released her seventh studio album, \"Light Years.\" The disco and Europop inspired album was a critical and commercial success, and was later certified four times-platinum",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253936",
"text": "exceeding five million. The accompanying music video for the song was directed by Dawn Shadforth, and featured Minogue performing various dance routines in different futuristic backdrops. It became notable for the revealing hooded white jumpsuit Minogue wore during one of the scenes. The song has been performed by Minogue during all of her concert tours as of 2017, with the exception of the Anti Tour. Following its release, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" ranked on a number of decade-end lists compiled by magazines such as \"Rolling Stone,\" \"The Guardian,\" and \"NME.\" It is considered to be Minogue's strongest",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253981",
"text": "on 8 September, the release date of \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" in Australia. \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" is recognised as Minogue's signature song. \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" garnered Minogue a number of awards. At the 2001 Top of the Pops Awards ceremony, the song won the award for \"Best Single.\" At the 2002 ARIA Music Awards ceremony, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" won the awards for \"Single of the Year\" and \"Highest Selling Single,\" and Minogue won the \"Outstanding Achievement Award.\" In 2002, it won a Dutch Edison Award",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "2754265",
"text": "Kinda Girl?\", was more in keeping with the Britpop sound of bands such as Blur and performers such as Stephen Duffy, and featured collaborations with Guy Chambers of The Lemon Trees and Andy Partridge of XTC. In 2001, Kylie Minogue had a worldwide hit with the Dennis and Rob Davis penned song \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\". The following year Dennis won the Best Dance Recording Grammy for writing \"Come into My World\". She followed that up with Britney Spears's hit song \"Toxic\" which also won the Grammy for Best Dance Recording. Dennis had a string of hits",
"title": "Cathy Dennis"
},
{
"id": "4253982",
"text": "for \"Single of the Year.\" In the same year, Dennis and Davis won three awards at the 47th Ivor Novello Awards for their composition of the song; they won the awards \"The Ivors Dance Award,\" \"Most Performed Work,\" and \"International Hit of the Year.\" At the inaugural Premios Oye! in 2002, the song received a nomination in the category of \"Song of the Year.\" In the 2007 episode of \"The Simpsons,\" \"Homerazzi\", the track is heard playing in a celebrity-packed nightclub into which Homer storms. The track is also heard in the films \"\", \"Hey Good Looking!\", \"Holy Motors\", and",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "15248417",
"text": "in April 1999. She released \"Spinning Around\" in 2000, which debuted at number one in the UK. This earned Minogue a place in the \"Guinness Book of World Records\", for the first female Australian singer to debut at number one in the UK. The album that followed, \"Light Years\", spawned singles which achieved the top twenty in the UK and Australia. In 2001, she released the single, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\", from the album \"Fever\". It topped the charts in Australia, New Zealand, UK, and most of Europe. Another single, \"Come into My World\", gave Minogue her",
"title": "Kylie Minogue singles discography"
},
{
"id": "2462587",
"text": "by Music Canada. \"Fever\" has sold over six million copies worldwide. Following its release, \"Fever\" reportedly sold over six million copies worldwide, becoming Minogue's highest selling album, as of today. The album's lead single \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" peaked atop charts in 40 countries and sold more than six million copies worldwide, becoming Minogue's highest selling single to date and one of the best-selling singles of all time. The song is notable for being Minogue's biggest and strongest commercial breakthrough in the United States, a region in which Minogue previously had managed to achieve little success. It",
"title": "Fever (Kylie Minogue album)"
},
{
"id": "8481495",
"text": "Can't Get It Out of My Head \"Can't Get It Out of My Head\" is a song written by Jeff Lynne and originally recorded by Electric Light Orchestra (also known as ELO). First released on the band's fourth album \"Eldorado\" in September 1974, the song is the second track on the album and follows \"Eldorado Overture.\" The song was released in November the same year as a single. The song became the band's first top 10 single in the United States, reaching number 9, and helped boost public awareness of the band in the U.S.; however, back in the UK",
"title": "Can't Get It Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "18498738",
"text": "Association (ARIA), denoting 70,000 shipments in Australia. The latter song became an international success. It peaked inside the top ten in Ireland, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The song peaked at number seventeen on the US Billboard Hot 100, which made them the first Australian act since Kylie Minogue to achieve a top twenty single, which was held by Minogue's 2001 single \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\". After the success of these two singles, The Veronicas decided to release the future album singles in separate countries. \"This Love\" was served as the third Australian and",
"title": "I Can't Stay Away"
},
{
"id": "223451",
"text": "to Parlophone and released \"Light Years\". The followup, \"Fever\", was a hit in many countries, including the United States. The lead single \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" became one of the most successful singles of the 2000s, selling over ten million units. It is recognised as her \"signature song\" and was named \"the catchiest song ever\" by Yahoo! Music. Other successful singles by Minogue include \"I Should Be So Lucky\", \"The Loco-Motion\", \"Especially for You\", \"Hand on Your Heart\", \"Better the Devil You Know\", \"Confide in Me\", \"Spinning Around\", \"Love at First Sight\", \"Slow\", \"2 Hearts\" and \"All",
"title": "Kylie Minogue"
},
{
"id": "2463221",
"text": "States by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). With worldwide sales over six million copies, \"Fever\" became Minogue's highest selling album to date. The success of the album, particularly in the US, was credited to the commercial impact of its lead single \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\", which reached number one in 40 countries, including every European country except Finland, and Australia and New Zealand. \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" sold over five million copies worldwide, becoming Minogue's highest selling single to date and also one of the best-selling singles of all time. Soon, Minogue",
"title": "Body Language (Kylie Minogue album)"
},
{
"id": "223533",
"text": "In November 2011, on the twenty-fifth anniversary of the ARIA Music Awards, she was inducted by the Australian Recording Industry Association into the ARIA Hall of Fame. Minogue's songs have garned many accolades throughout her career. In 2011, she made history in the United States for having two songs inside the top three on the US Dance Club Songs chart, with her songs \"Better than Today\" and \"Higher\" charting at one and three, respectively. Her single \"Can't Get You Out Of My Head\" was named the most-played track of the 2000s. The song eventually became the third best-selling UK single",
"title": "Kylie Minogue"
},
{
"id": "4253957",
"text": "British Phonographic Industry for shipments of 600,000 units in 2001. The certification was upgraded to double-platinum in 2015, denoting shipments of 1,200,000 units. In the United States, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" peaked at number seven on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, becoming Minogue's best selling single in the region since her interpretation of \"The Loco-Motion.\" Additionally, the song peaked at number one on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart, at number 23 on the Adult Top 40 chart, at number three on the Mainstream Top 40 chart, and number eight on the Hot 100 Airplay chart.",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253978",
"text": "copyright collection society and performance rights organisation which collects royalties on behalf of songwriters and composers, named \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" the \"Most Popular Song of the Decade\" as it received the highest airplay and live covers in the 2000s (decade). In 2013, a survey of 700 people was conducted as part of the Manchester Science Festival to find out which song they considered the \"catchiest,\" and \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" topped the poll. Lee Barron, in his essay \"The Seven Ages of Kylie Minogue: Postmodernism, Identity, and Performative Mimicry,\" noted that the song",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "223477",
"text": "Minogue was praised for her new material and her reinterpretations of some of her greatest successes. She won a \"Mo Award\" for Australian live entertainment as \"Performer of the Year\". She also appeared in the 2001 film, \"Moulin Rouge!\" as \"The Green Fairy\". In October 2001, Minogue released her eighth studio album \"Fever\". The album contained disco elements combined with 1980s electropop and synthpop. It reached number one in Australia, United Kingdom, and throughout Europe, eventually achieving worldwide sales in excess of eight million. The album's lead single, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\", became the biggest success of",
"title": "Kylie Minogue"
},
{
"id": "4253956",
"text": "UK Singles Chart with first week sales of 306,000 units, while \"Not Such an Innocent Girl\" debuted at number six with first week sales of 35,000 units. It spent four weeks at number one, and a total of 25 weeks inside the top 40 on the chart. The song spent a record-breaking eight weeks at number one on the airplay chart of the country and became the first to garner 3000 radio plays in a single week. Subsequently, it became the most-played song of 2001 in the region. \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" was certified platinum by the",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253969",
"text": "as Minogue's backup dancers. More recently, Minogue has performed a version of the song remixed by Steve Anderson. She performed the version during her \"MasterCard Pricless Gig\" and other mini-concerts to promote her twelfth studio album \"Kiss Me Once\". It was performed during her seven-song set at the 2014 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony, as the final song of her performance. She also performed on the French TV show \"Le Grand Journal\" along with \"I Was Gonna Cancel.\" Following its release, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" has been performed by Minogue during all of her concert tours as of",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "18778288",
"text": "Hot & Soul Hot & Soul is the third studio album by French-Belgian singer Viktor Lazlo. A French version of the album was recorded and released in France, entitled \"Club Desert\". The first single off the album, \"City Never Sleeps\", was written by Rob Davis who would later go on to write the worldwide hit Can't Get You Out of My Head for Kylie Minogue. The single charted on the Dutch single charts. Other singles to be released off the album were \"In The Midnight Sky\", \"Amour Puissance Six\" and the song \"Baisers\", which was only included on the French",
"title": "Hot & Soul"
},
{
"id": "4253955",
"text": "In Germany, the song was number one for one week on the German Singles Chart. In this region, it was certified platinum by the Federal Association of Music Industry for shipments of 500,000 units. In Ireland, the song entered at number one on the Ireland Singles Chart, spending a total of consecutive 19 weeks on the chart. In the United Kingdom, the single faced competition in a hugely-hyped chart battle with Victoria Beckham's single \"Not Such an Innocent Girl.\" On the chart date of 29 September 2001, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" debuted at number one on the",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253943",
"text": "excluding the guitar part, was programmed using Korg Triton workstation via MIDI. Dennis later remarked: \"Even though Kylie wasn't the first artist to be offered the song, I don't believe it was meant to go to anyone other than Kylie, and I don't believe anyone else would have done the incredible job she did with it, with the video, looking super-hot!\" \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" is a midtempo dance song, combining synth-pop and neo-disco, which has a tempo of 126 beats per minute. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by EMI Music Publishing, Minogue's vocal",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4381053",
"text": "My World\" was first performed on her KylieFever2002 tour, and has featured on all her tours up until her 2011 Aphrodite World Tour. The song was later honoured with a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording in 2004, becoming Minogue's first and, to date, only Grammy Award. Following the global success of her eighth studio album \"Fever\" (2001), and the album's subsequent singles; \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\", \"In Your Eyes\", and \"Love at First Sight\", Minogue's label Parlophone decided to release a fourth single worldwide. Minogue enlisted several producers including Rob Davis and Cathy Dennis, both whom",
"title": "Come into My World"
},
{
"id": "2754269",
"text": "also rekindling interest in Minogue in America, where it hit #7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100). With over three million copies sold worldwide, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" became the second highest selling single in 2001. In 2005, Dennis won her first Grammy for co-writing Britney Spears' single \"Toxic\". Dennis' biggest success came in 2008 with Katy Perry's smash hit \"I Kissed a Girl\", which ranks among the best-selling digital singles in history. Most recently, Cathy co-wrote 3 tracks on the Galantis album \"Pharmacy\", one of which, \"Runaway (U & I)\" reached No. 1 in the UK Dance",
"title": "Cathy Dennis"
},
{
"id": "4253958",
"text": "In this region, the song was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of 500,000 units. The single would be her first of eight songs to chart \"Billboard's\" Hot Dance Airplay, peaking at number 32 in September 2003. The accompanying music video for \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" was directed by Dawn Shadforth, and featured dance routines choreographed by Michael Rooney. Early in Minogue's career, her youthful look, slim figure, and her \"proportionally\" large mouth attracted comments from various critics, with British red top newspaper \"News of the World\" speculating that the singer could",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "12010443",
"text": "Goin' Out of My Head \"Goin' Out of My Head\" is a song written by Teddy Randazzo and Bobby Weinstein, initially recorded by Little Anthony & the Imperials in 1964. Randazzo, a childhood friend of the group, wrote the song especially for them, having also supplied the group with their previous Top 20 Hit \"I'm on the Outside (Looking In)\". Their original version of the song was a \"Billboard\" Top 10 Pop hit, reaching #6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and #1 in the Canadian RPM-list in 1965. The song peaked at #8 on Cashbox magazine's R&B chart (Billboard was",
"title": "Goin' Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "5553853",
"text": "was originally scheduled to be released in June 2017, but was announced on 13 November 2017 that they would not release any new material until 2018. On 15 April 2018, The Veronica's performed \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" at the 2018 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony. In 2006, the Veronicas joined Steve Irwin's Wildlife Warriors Worldwide, a charity that deals with the protection of animals and their natural environments. The band was also featured in an Australian public service announcement campaign against music piracy targeting schools, labeled \"Australian Music In Tune\". Other successful Australian artists included were Powderfinger, Jimmy",
"title": "The Veronicas"
},
{
"id": "4253970",
"text": "2013, with the exception of the Anti Tour in 2012. In 2001, the song was included in the setlist of Minogue's On a Night Like This tour, which was launched to promote \"Light Years.\" According to Tim DiGravina from AllMusic, the performance was infused with an \"almost tangible passion and fire.\" The song was included in the encore segment of the KylieFever2002 tour, which was launched to promote \"Fever.\" In 2003, Minogue performed the song on the one-night only concert Money Can't Buy, which concert was used to promote her ninth studio album, \"Body Language,\" and was held at major",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "18879199",
"text": "I Can't Get You Off of My Mind \"I Can't Get You Off of My Mind\" is a song written and recorded by Hank Williams. It appeared as the B-side to his 1948 single \"A Mansion on the Hill.\" It was recorded on November 6, 1947 at Castle Studio in Nashville. Williams was supported by a group that producer Fred Rose assembled from two \"Grand Ole Opry\" bands: Zeke Turner (lead guitar), Jerry Byrd (steel guitar), and Louis Ennis (rhythm guitar) were from Red Foley's band while Chubby Wise (fiddle) was a member of Bill Monroe's band. The song is",
"title": "I Can't Get You Off of My Mind"
},
{
"id": "223478",
"text": "her career, reaching number one in more than forty countries and selling over 5 million copies. She won four ARIA Awards including a \"Most Outstanding Achievement\" award, and two Brit Awards, for \"Best international female solo artist\" and \"Best international album\". Following extensive airplay by American radio, Capitol Records released the song and the album \"Fever\" in the US in 2002. The album debuted on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart at number three, and \"Can't Get You out of My Head\" reached number seven on the Hot 100. The subsequent singles \"In Your Eyes\", \"Love at First Sight\" and \"Come",
"title": "Kylie Minogue"
},
{
"id": "4253948",
"text": "in which the strings of a string instrument are continuously plucked. The song received overwhelming critical acclaim, subsequently being cited as one of the greatest songs of the 2000s. Chris True from AllMusic picked the song as a highlight of \"Fever\", commenting that it \"pulses and grooves like no other she's [Minogue's] recorded.\" Jason Thompson from PopMatters described Minogue's vocals as a \"sexual come on\" and called the song \"trim and funky, certainly something that couldn't miss anywhere.\" Dominique Leone from Pitchfork Media praised the commercial prospect of the song, saying that it \"exudes a catchiness that belies its inherent",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "18778289",
"text": "version of the album. Hot & Soul Hot & Soul is the third studio album by French-Belgian singer Viktor Lazlo. A French version of the album was recorded and released in France, entitled \"Club Desert\". The first single off the album, \"City Never Sleeps\", was written by Rob Davis who would later go on to write the worldwide hit Can't Get You Out of My Head for Kylie Minogue. The single charted on the Dutch single charts. Other singles to be released off the album were \"In The Midnight Sky\", \"Amour Puissance Six\" and the song \"Baisers\", which was only",
"title": "Hot & Soul"
},
{
"id": "4253972",
"text": "In 2008, she performed the song on the KylieX2008 tour, which was launched to promote her tenth studio album, \"X.\" The show was split into five acts; \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" was featured on the first act, titled \"Xlectro Static,\" in a mashup with the song \"Boombox.\" In 2009, she performed the same version of the song on the For You, for Me tour, which was her first concert tour in North America. A more rock-oriented version of the song was performed during the , which was launched to promote her eleventh studio album, \"Aphrodite.\" It was",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "12010444",
"text": "in a chart recess for R&B listings at that time). The Little Anthony & the Imperials original recording is the best-known version of the song, and the gold standard- although it's since been covered by many other artists. Goin' Out of My Head \"Goin' Out of My Head\" is a song written by Teddy Randazzo and Bobby Weinstein, initially recorded by Little Anthony & the Imperials in 1964. Randazzo, a childhood friend of the group, wrote the song especially for them, having also supplied the group with their previous Top 20 Hit \"I'm on the Outside (Looking In)\". Their original",
"title": "Goin' Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253938",
"text": "in Minogue's native country Australia for shipment of 280,000 units, and platinum in the United Kingdom for shipment of 300,000 units. \"Spinning Around\" was released as the lead single from the album, and it was a commercial success, attaining a platinum certification in Australia for shipment of 70,000 units, and a silver certification in the United Kingdom for shipment of 200,000 units. She promoted the album by embarking on the On a Night Like This tour. Minogue premiered \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" by performing it during the tour, and soon after, discussion regarding the song \"quickly set",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "5420277",
"text": "compared it to Minogue's song \"Spinning Around\". He said \"'In Your Eyes' which cheekily references comeback hit 'Spinning Around'.\" \"In Your Eyes\" was released on 18 February 2002. It was originally scheduled for release in January, but was delayed because of the airplay popularity of \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\". It debuted at number three on the UK singles chart, becoming her twenty-second top-ten single. The song remained on the chart for seventeen weeks,three of which were in the top twenty. It was an airplay hit in the UK, where it reached number one. The song also peaked",
"title": "In Your Eyes (Kylie Minogue song)"
},
{
"id": "7584366",
"text": "as S.A.L. Lil Suzy has also toured with Amber, and the now disbanded electronic group, Prophecy Collective. Lil Suzy Suzanne Casale Melone (born March 1, 1979), better known as Lil Suzy, is an American freestyle/pop singer. Lil Suzy is known for her hits \"Take Me in Your Arms\" (known in Brazil as the Meller's little princess), \"Promise Me\" and \"Can't Get You Out of My Mind\" and is a singer and songwriter who was very influential in the freestyle in the early 1990s. Lil Suzy was born in Brooklyn, New York, United States on March 1, 1979. She began her",
"title": "Lil Suzy"
},
{
"id": "571134",
"text": "a recording contract with her group label Virgin Records. Her next single as a solo artist, \"Not Such An Innocent Girl\", was released on 17 September 2001. Again, she faced competition in another hugely hyped chart battle, this time with Kylie Minogue's single \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\". Despite a huge promotional campaign, Beckham was outsold eight to one, and her single debuted at number 6. Beckham's eponymous debut album, which was released on 1 October 2001, reached Number 10 in the UK album chart. The album cost a reputed £5 million to produce and it sold a",
"title": "Victoria Beckham"
},
{
"id": "7584360",
"text": "Lil Suzy Suzanne Casale Melone (born March 1, 1979), better known as Lil Suzy, is an American freestyle/pop singer. Lil Suzy is known for her hits \"Take Me in Your Arms\" (known in Brazil as the Meller's little princess), \"Promise Me\" and \"Can't Get You Out of My Mind\" and is a singer and songwriter who was very influential in the freestyle in the early 1990s. Lil Suzy was born in Brooklyn, New York, United States on March 1, 1979. She began her career at the age of five years, to be discovered by an agent while singing in Manhattan",
"title": "Lil Suzy"
},
{
"id": "4253944",
"text": "range spans from C to D. Minogue chants a \"la la la\" hook in the song, which is often heralded as its most appealing part. BBC Radio 2 noted that the composition of the song is \"deceptively simple, but its veins run with the whole history of electronic music.\" They described the song's bassline as \"pulsing,\" and recognised influences of English rock band New Order and German electronic music band Kraftwerk. The song does not follow the common verse-chorus structure and is instead composed of numerous \"misplaced sections.\" Dennis reasoned that these sections \"somehow work together\" as she and Davis",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253983",
"text": "\"20,000 Days on Earth\". The \"Can't Get Blue Monday Out of My Head\" mash-up is heard in the film \"Layer Cake\", and New Order themselves sampled the song during their 2005 Coachella set as they performed \"Blue Monday\". Can't Get You Out Of My Head is featured in the popular dancing game, \"Just Dance\" for the Nintendo Wii, it has yet to appear in \"Just Dance Unlimited\" or \"Just Dance Now\" These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of \"Can't Get You Out of My Head:\" \"The Complete Kylie,\" Simon Sheridan, Reynolds & Hearn Books (February",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253968",
"text": "as a remix on Minogue's remix album \"Boombox.\" On 16 March 2002, Minogue performed \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" along with \"In Your Eyes,\" the second single from \"Fever\", on \"Saturday Night Live\". On 4 June 2012, she sang \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" at the Diamond Jubilee Concert in front of the Buckingham Palace, held in honour of Elizabeth II's completion of 60 years as Queen. Minogue wore a pearl-studded black jacket and hat for the performance. The dance troupe Flawless, who had been finalists on the British television talent show \"Britain's Got Talent\", served",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253977",
"text": "74 on their \"100 Best Track of the Noughties\" list, saying it \"encapsulated everything enviable in a well-crafted song\" and heralding it as Minogue's best single. In 2012, Priya Elan from \"NME\" ranked the song at number four on his \"The Greatest Pop Songs in History\" list, saying: \"It was unlike any song I remember hearing before.\" In 2012, \"The Guardian\" included the song in their list of \"The Best Number One Records,\" labelling it to be \"sleek, Arctic-blue minimalism, like an emotionally thwarted retelling of Donna Summer's \"I Feel Love.\" In the same year, PRS for Music, a UK",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "8481496",
"text": "the single and LP failed to chart. In 1978, it was included as the lead song on the four-track \"The ELO EP\" (UK release), reaching number 34 on the UK charts. The song has appeared on many ELO compilation albums. Jeff Lynne re-recorded the song in his own home studio. It was released in with other re-recorded ELO songs under the ELO name. Can't Get It Out of My Head \"Can't Get It Out of My Head\" is a song written by Jeff Lynne and originally recorded by Electric Light Orchestra (also known as ELO). First released on the band's",
"title": "Can't Get It Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253949",
"text": "simplicity, so reassuring during an era when chart acts sound increasingly baroque and producers race to see who can ape electronic music trends first.\" Jim Farber from \"Entertainment Weekly\" said that the song \"fully lives up to its title\" with \"every sound a hook,\" and compared it to the works of Andrea True. Michael Hubbard from MusicOMH labelled the song \"one of 2001's best singles,\" saying that it \"predictably beat off lesser 'competition.'\" In 2012, \"The Guardian\" critic Everett True defined \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" as \"one of those rare moments in pop: sleek and chic and",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253959",
"text": "possibly be an alien. Later while discussing the video, Shadforth and music critic Paul Morley took this \"bizarre suggestion\" into consideration to comment on Minogue as a \"creative, experimental artist.\" Shadforth blocked some shots of the initial driving scene based upon similar shots of Shirley Manson piloting an airplane in her award-winning dogfight clip for Garbage's \"Special.\" The video was released on 11 August 2001. It begins with Minogue driving a De Tomaso Mangusta sports car on a futuristic bridge, while singing the \"la la la\" hook of the song. The next scene consists of a number of dance couples",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "5420274",
"text": "Minogue and numerous backup dancers, surrounded with LED lights. \"In Your Eyes\" was performed on her 2002 Fever Tour, and has appeared on all her concert tours since, including the one-off concert show Money Can't Buy, and most recently in the Golden Tour in 2018. Following the success of Minogue's 2001 single, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\", Minogue's label Parlophone were set to release the second single from the album \"Fever\" (2001). Minogue enlisted several writers and producers such as Richard Stannard, Julian Gallagher, and Ash Howes, all whom worked with Minogue on her seventh album, \"Light Years\"",
"title": "In Your Eyes (Kylie Minogue song)"
},
{
"id": "2754268",
"text": "songs and penning many international hit singles. Her first mainstream success was with \"Bumper to Bumper\", the B-side to the Spice Girls' hit \"Wannabe\". Dennis continued this success by co-writing the \"Pop Idol\" theme (re-used for numerous international remakes of the show, including \"American Idol\"), and writing for Idol contestants, including Kelly Clarkson, Will Young, Gareth Gates, and Clay Aiken. Clarkson's single \"Before Your Love\" (a double a-side with \"A Moment Like This\") was Dennis' first US No. 1. Dennis' \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" (recorded by Kylie Minogue) spent four weeks at number one in Britain, while",
"title": "Cathy Dennis"
},
{
"id": "6797749",
"text": "as her highest charting single in the United States; however, her second overall and most recent song to reach the top ten was 2002's \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\", which reached No. 7 on the chart, and ended up outselling \"The Loco-Motion\". In Canada, the song also reached the top spot in the pop sales charts. In 2012, during her K25 anniversary, the song re-entered the Japanese Singles Chart at No. 83. The music video for \"Locomotion\" was filmed at Essendon Airport and the ABC studios in Melbourne, Australia. The video for \"The Loco-Motion\" was created out of",
"title": "The Loco-Motion"
},
{
"id": "4253954",
"text": "the song peaked at number one on the Ultratop chart, spending a total of 22 and 24 weeks on the charts, respectively. In Belgium, the song was certified double-platinum for sales of 100,000 units. In France, the song entered the French Singles Chart at number 14 and peaked at number one, spending a total of 41 weeks on the chart. In this region, it was certified platinum by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique for sales of 500,000 units. As of August 2014, the song was the 22nd best-selling single of the 21st century in France, with 542,000 units sold.",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253951",
"text": "strings push the song along with a tightly coiled electricity that is impossible to resist.\" He also picked the song as a highlight on the album. Sal Cinquemani from \"Slant Magazine\" chose the song as one of the \"standouts\" on the album, saying that its arrangement \"compensate for the lack of synthetic dance beats and vocal effects.\" Tania Zeine from ARIA Charts described the track as a \"powerful violin ballad with the accompaniment of a large orchestra throughout the remainder.\" Simon Price from \"The Independent\" said that while the original version of \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" would",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "16542548",
"text": "\"Billboard\" magazine. It also reached number 19 on Hungary's Rádiós Top 40 chart, and 32 on \"Billboard\"s Japan Hot 100 chart. The single was a success in the US Dance charts, debuting at number thirty-one on the Dance Club Songs; it eventually reached the top spot, becoming her ninth number one single on that chart. It also reached number 17 on both of \"Billboard\"s Dance/Electronic Digital Songs and the Dance/Mix Show Airplay chart, and became Minogue's fastest-selling single in the US since \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" in 2001. In Canada, it peaked at number 40 and number",
"title": "Timebomb (Kylie Minogue song)"
},
{
"id": "4253976",
"text": "the region. The album would later peak at number three on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, and attain a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of 1,000,000 units. \"Fever\" reportedly sold over six million copies worldwide, becoming Minogue's highest selling album as of 2013. In 2011, \"Rolling Stone\" magazine ranked \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" at number 45 on \"100 Best Songs of the 2000s\" list, noting that Minogue had \"seduced the U.S. with this mirror-ball classic\" and that \"we've been hearing it at the gym ever since.\" \"NME\" ranked the song at number",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "4254094",
"text": "In December 2009, he appeared in the Channel 4 programme \"The Greatest Songs of the Noughties\", which featured \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\", ranked at No. 9 (in a Top 20). Rob Davis (musician) Rob Davis (born Robert Berkeley Davis, 1 October 1947, Carshalton, Surrey, England) is an English guitarist and songwriter. He was the guitarist of the 1970s glam rock band Mud, who achieved the biggest selling Number One record of 1974 in the United Kingdom, with their song \"Tiger Feet\". After the band's eventual demise in 1977, Davis worked with several other groups, including The Tremeloes",
"title": "Rob Davis (musician)"
},
{
"id": "4253967",
"text": "Minogue performed a mash-up version of \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" and British band New Order's 1983 song \"Blue Monday\" conceived by and also produced by Stuart Crichton. The mash-up was soon released as the B-side to \"Love at First Sight,\" the third single from the album \"Fever.\" The live performance of the mash-up ranked at number 40 on \"The Guardian's\" list of \"50 Key Events in the History of Dance Music\" in 2011. The mashup was dubbed \"Can't Get Blue Monday Out of My Head\" during its inclusion as the B-side to \"Love at First Sight\" and",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "16724336",
"text": "then signed a recording contract with the Spice Girls' label Virgin Records. Her next single as a solo artist, \"Not Such an Innocent Girl\", was released on 17 September 2001. Again, she faced competition in another hugely hyped chart battle, this time with Kylie Minogue's single \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\". Despite a huge promotional campaign, Beckham was outsold eight to one, and her single debuted at number 6. Beckham's eponymous debut album, which was released on 1 October 2001, reached number 10 in the UK Albums Chart. The album cost a reputed £5 million to produce and",
"title": "Victoria Beckham discography"
},
{
"id": "17860325",
"text": "was first released onto YouTube on 12 February 2014 at a total length of three minutes and fifty-five seconds. A second video for the song was uploaded to YouTube on 13 March 2014 for the Club Edit of the song. Out of My Head (John Newman song) \"Out of My Head\" is a song by English singer John Newman. The song was released on 4 April 2014 as the fourth single from his debut studio album, \"Tribute\" (2013). The song was written by John Newman and Steve Booker. The song peaked to number 91 on the UK Singles Chart. On",
"title": "Out of My Head (John Newman song)"
},
{
"id": "2050222",
"text": "Fight Test Fight Test is an extended play (EP) released by The Flaming Lips featuring the song of the same name, released on Warner Bros. Records in 2003. The single version of \"Fight Test\" was released on June 23, 2003, peaking at #28 in the UK Singles Chart. It is the third single to be picked from the album \"Yoshimi Battles the Pink Robots\". It is an enhanced CD, containing covers of Radiohead's \"Knives Out\", Kylie Minogue's \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\", and Beck's \"The Golden Age.\" In addition, the EP includes two original songs. The UK version",
"title": "Fight Test"
},
{
"id": "4253947",
"text": "the harmful nature of her infatuation, calling it a \"desire that is wholly dependent on her own self-control.\" In late 2012, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" was re-recorded by Minogue for inclusion in her orchestral compilation album, \"The Abbey Road Sessions.\" On the album, Minogue reworked 16 of her past songs with an orchestra, which, according to Nick Levine from BBC Music, \"re-imagine them without the disco glitz and vocal effects.\" \"The Abbey Road Sessions\"-version of \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" features a \"more dramatic, fully fleshed out\" musical arrangement, and follows a pizzicato playing technique,",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "15659409",
"text": "Out of My Head (Lupe Fiasco song) \"Out of My Head\" is a song by American rapper Lupe Fiasco, released as the third single from his third studio album, \"Lasers\". The single features vocals from American R&B singer Trey Songz, and features production from record producer Miykal Snoddy, with co-production from fellow producers Jerry Wonda and Arden Altino. The song was released as a digital download on May 22, 2011, along with the rest of \"Lasers\". Fiasco performed this single with Trey Songz at the 2011 MTV Movie Awards. Lyrically, the song likens a love interest to that of a",
"title": "Out of My Head (Lupe Fiasco song)"
},
{
"id": "17860323",
"text": "Out of My Head (John Newman song) \"Out of My Head\" is a song by English singer John Newman. The song was released on 4 April 2014 as the fourth single from his debut studio album, \"Tribute\" (2013). The song was written by John Newman and Steve Booker. The song peaked to number 91 on the UK Singles Chart. On 4 April 2014, Newman released a club edit of \"Out of My Head\", as well as an EP which includes a remix by Naughty Boy. Talking to Digital Spy about Naughty Boy, he said \"Naughty Boy, where do I start?",
"title": "Out of My Head (John Newman song)"
},
{
"id": "5420273",
"text": "chorus and the production, but many critics were reluctant in reviewing the song on the album. In Australia, the song debuted at number one was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). It reached number three in the United Kingdom, and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). The single also charted inside the top twenty in Finland, Hungary, Canada, and New Zealand. A music video for \"In Your Eyes\" was directed by Dawn Shadforth and was envisioned as a science fiction-extension from Minogue's previous single, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" (2001). It features",
"title": "In Your Eyes (Kylie Minogue song)"
},
{
"id": "4253973",
"text": "regarded as \"seemingly inspired by the crunch of Janet Jackson's \"Black Cat.\" During the performance, male back-up dancers in \"S&M dog collars\" danced with female back-up dancers, who were dressed in red ballroom gowns. In 2012, Minogue promoted \"The Abbey Road Sessions\" by performing on the \"BBC Proms in the Park\" at Hyde Park, London. During the event, she also sang the orchestral version of \"Can't Get You Out of My Head.\" More recently, the Steve Anderson remix was performed on Minogue's Kiss Me Once Tour and Kylie Summer 2015 Tour. It followed a performance of \"Sexercize\" in the fourth",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "16246171",
"text": "Get Out My Head \"Get Out My Head\" is a song by English producer Redlight featuring uncredited vocals from 2009 \"X Factor\" contestant Nicole Jackson. The track was released as a digital download in the United Kingdom on 20 January 2012 and debuted at number eighteen on the UK Singles Chart, marking the producer's first appearance on that chart. A music video to accompany the release of \"Get Out My Head\" was first released onto YouTube on 16 December 2011 at a total length of two minutes and fifty-one seconds. For the week ending 4 February 2012, \"Get Out My",
"title": "Get Out My Head"
},
{
"id": "4253971",
"text": "entertainment venue Hammersmith Apollo in London. During the performance, \"a visual flurry of quasi-Japanese symbols\" was projected onto large digital screens set behind the stage, and dancers wearing bondage costumes carried out a \"robotic\" dance routine. In 2005, she performed the song on her . But Minogue was unable to complete the tour, as she was diagnosed with early breast cancer and had to cancel the Australian leg of the tour. After undergoing treatment and recovery, Minogue resumed the concert tour in the form of in 2007, and she included \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" on the setlist.",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "2500253",
"text": "also retained its important status within European music. 1980s female pop stars Madonna and Kylie Minogue enjoyed a large presence on the European music scene, both having numerous hits in the 2000s including \"Music\", \"Hollywood\", \"Hung Up\"and \"Celebration\" for Madonna and \"Spinning Around\", \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\", \"Slow\" and \"In My Arms\" for Kylie. Britney Spears retained a huge impact throughout the continent and was one of the most successful artists of the decade in that region. In 2004, Moldovan pop music trio O-Zone's hit single \"Dragostea din tei\" witnessed major European and international success. Later in",
"title": "2000s in music"
},
{
"id": "2721220",
"text": "Without You (Badfinger song) \"Without You\" is a song written by Pete Ham and Tom Evans of British rock group Badfinger, and first released on their 1970 album \"No Dice\". The power ballad has been recorded by over 180 artists, and versions released as singles by Harry Nilsson (1971) and Mariah Carey (1994) became international best-sellers. Paul McCartney once described the ballad as \"the killer song of all time\". In 1972, writers Ham and Evans received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically. First recorded by the rock group Badfinger, the song was composed by",
"title": "Without You (Badfinger song)"
},
{
"id": "9359644",
"text": "La, is a reference to Minogue's signature song and worldwide hit \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\". When the song starts with Minogue singing, she says \"La La La\", until it carries on, which is referenced from the book and song. The book was first released on November 1, 2002 in the United Kingdom, until it was released in early 2003 in Australia, New Zealand and some parts of North America. There are two artwork covers for the book. The first is a hard cover book and featured the cover that is similar to Minogue's single artwork for \"What",
"title": "Kylie: La La La"
},
{
"id": "18879201",
"text": "internalized.\" The The also recorded it for their Williams tribute LP \"Hanky Panky\". I Can't Get You Off of My Mind \"I Can't Get You Off of My Mind\" is a song written and recorded by Hank Williams. It appeared as the B-side to his 1948 single \"A Mansion on the Hill.\" It was recorded on November 6, 1947 at Castle Studio in Nashville. Williams was supported by a group that producer Fred Rose assembled from two \"Grand Ole Opry\" bands: Zeke Turner (lead guitar), Jerry Byrd (steel guitar), and Louis Ennis (rhythm guitar) were from Red Foley's band while",
"title": "I Can't Get You Off of My Mind"
},
{
"id": "6935630",
"text": "in the United Kingdom. This version's purely instrumental sound differs it from the original. A music video was not recorded for the song. CD single 12\" UK remix single French 2-track CD single Italy 12\" In 2001, British pop group Steps covered \"Chain Reaction\". The song reached No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart, behind Kylie Minogue's Can't Get You Out of My Head. The song was performed by the Top 4 Finalists on the sixth season of \"American Idol\". The first scene we see is two paramedics lifting a patient from the ambulance onto the ground on a stretcher.",
"title": "Chain Reaction (Diana Ross song)"
},
{
"id": "15659411",
"text": "Thomas played the girl throughout the video. Oklahoma City Thunder's Serge Ibaka made a cameo appearance in the video. Out of My Head (Lupe Fiasco song) \"Out of My Head\" is a song by American rapper Lupe Fiasco, released as the third single from his third studio album, \"Lasers\". The single features vocals from American R&B singer Trey Songz, and features production from record producer Miykal Snoddy, with co-production from fellow producers Jerry Wonda and Arden Altino. The song was released as a digital download on May 22, 2011, along with the rest of \"Lasers\". Fiasco performed this single with",
"title": "Out of My Head (Lupe Fiasco song)"
},
{
"id": "8594600",
"text": "The ELO EP The ELO EP was the final 1978 release from Electric Light Orchestra (ELO). It was a seven-inch EP played at 45 revolutions per minute and it was released in the UK and Ireland only to promote the three-LP box set \"Three Light Years\". \"Can't Get It Out of My Head\" was the lead-off track and had originally appeared on the band's fourth album \"Eldorado\". It thus finally became a hit in their homeland, nearly four years after it had charted in the US. The other three tracks had already been UK hit singles All songs written by",
"title": "The ELO EP"
},
{
"id": "223534",
"text": "and the most-played song in the UK in 2001. As of 2012, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" was the 72nd song featured on UK's Official Top 100 Biggest Selling Singles of All Time. Kylie Minogue Kylie Ann Minogue, (; born 28 May 1968) also known simply as Kylie, is an Australian-British singer and actress. She achieved recognition starring in the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", where she played tomboy mechanic Charlene Robinson. Appearing in the series for two years, Minogue's character married Scott Robinson (Jason Donovan) in an episode viewed by nearly 20 million people in the United Kingdom,",
"title": "Kylie Minogue"
},
{
"id": "11458334",
"text": "chart, becoming her biggest hit in France since 2001's \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\". Elsewhere, the song reached the top five in the Czech Republic and Turkey, the top ten in Slovakia and Switzerland, and the top twenty in Austria, Ireland, the Netherlands and Sweden. The single entered the UK Singles Chart at number sixty-nine on downloads alone, peaking at number ten three weeks later. In Australia, \"In My Arms\" became Minogue's lowest-charting single in a decade (since 1998's \"Cowboy Style\"), peaking at number thirty-five and spending only two weeks in the top fifty. In the United States,",
"title": "In My Arms (Kylie Minogue song)"
},
{
"id": "6965122",
"text": "Not Such an Innocent Girl \"Not Such an Innocent Girl\" is a song by British singer-songwriter, Victoria Beckham. It was released on 17 September 2001 as the lead single from her self-titled debut solo album. It sold 36,000 copies in its first week of release in the United Kingdom, and about 80,263 copies altogether becoming the 163rd best seller of 2001. In the United Kingdom, the single faced competition in a hugely hyped chart battle with Kylie Minogue's single \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\". On the chart date of 29 September 2001, \"Not Such an Innocent Girl\" debuted",
"title": "Not Such an Innocent Girl"
},
{
"id": "4253953",
"text": "\"even if 'La-La-La' didn't make Kylie a household name in the States, at the very least it introduced her to a whole new generation of adoring American gays\". In Minogue's native country, Australia, \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" entered at number one on the Australian Singles Chart of 23 September 2001, and remained at that position for four weeks. It spent a total of 12 weeks on the chart. In this region, it was certified triple-platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for shipments of 210,000 units. In both the Dutch-speaking Flanders and French-speaking Wallonia regions of Belgium,",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "18625767",
"text": "show in Sydney, performing with the band her hit single \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" (2001) and a cover of the Nick Cave song \"Where the Wild Roses Grow\" (1995). On the last show of the tour, in London, the band performed \"Christmas Lights\". this setlist is from The Theatre at Ace Hotel on 17 September 2014. Encore: Ghost Stories Tour The Ghost Stories Tour was an intimate concert tour by British band Coldplay, consisting of nine shows at a handful of low-key venues, during eight non-consecutive months in 2014, reaching North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania. The",
"title": "Ghost Stories Tour"
},
{
"id": "4253945",
"text": "\"didn't try to force any structure after the event. The seeds were watered and they very quickly sprouted into something bigger than any of us.\" Likewise, Davis commented: \"It breaks a few rules as it starts with a chorus and in comes the 'la's'– that is what confused my publisher [Fuller] when he first heard it.\" Through the lyrics of the song, its singer expresses an obsession with an anonymous figure. Dorian Lynskey from \"The Guardian\" termed the song a \"mystery\" as Minogue never reveals the identity of her object of infatuation. The critic suggested that the person Minogue is",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "9113793",
"text": "Rolling Stones and Leonard Cohen\", then also \"I heard the pilot saying, poems that were written by John Keats and Robert Browning\". It was remastered and included in 2000 by Jeff Lynne on the box set compilation \"Flashback\". Illusions in G Major \"Illusions in G Major\" is a song recorded by Electric Light Orchestra (ELO) and is track eight on the band's highly acclaimed 1974 album \"Eldorado\". It was used as the B-side to the popular hit \"Can't Get It Out of My Head\", a 1975 hit in the United States. The song clocks in at 2:37, making it one",
"title": "Illusions in G Major"
},
{
"id": "4254092",
"text": "Johnston with whom he wrote six songs including \"Am I On Pause\". In 2000, he achieved commercial songwriting success, most notably with the songs \"Groovejet (If This Ain't Love)\" for Spiller; \"Toca's Miracle\" by Fragma which was a mashup of the instrumental track \"Toca Me\" and the vocals to Coco Star's \"I Need A Miracle\" which Davis had penned a few years previously; and \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" for Kylie Minogue in 2001. For the latter song, Davis along with co-writer Cathy Dennis, received an Ivor Novello Award for composing the most performed song of the year.",
"title": "Rob Davis (musician)"
},
{
"id": "223518",
"text": "was hailed as \"an icon of pop and style\", becoming the first female musician or act to receive a Music Industry Trust award. In January 2012, \"NME\" ranked her single \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" at number 4 on their Greatest Pop Songs in History list. In February 2012, VH1 ranked Minogue at number 47 on their \"100 Greatest Women in Music\" list, and number 49 on the \"50 Greatest Women of the Video Era\". Channel 4 listed her as one of the world's greatest pop stars. Minogue has been recognised with a number of honorific nicknames. \"Birmingham",
"title": "Kylie Minogue"
},
{
"id": "4253964",
"text": "[...] into a fictional history of music,\" referring to the opening sequence of the music video. The critic takes a ride with Minogue through a city and encounters various musicians and artists like the ghost of Elvis Presley, and Madonna, Kraftwerk, and [Ludwig] Wittgenstein. Academics Diane Railton and Paul Weston, in their 2005 essay \"Naughty Girls and Red Blooded Women (Representations of Female Heterosexuality in Music Video)\", contrasted the music video of \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" with that of American singer Beyoncé's 2003 single \"Baby Boy.\" Railton and Weston concluded that while both videos focus on two",
"title": "Can't Get You Out of My Head"
},
{
"id": "5420278",
"text": "at number seven on the Club Chart. The single became a hit elsewhere in Europe, reaching the top five in Croatia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. \"In Your Eyes\" was released in Canada (where it peaked at number eleven) and Mexico, but not in the United States, where \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" had just been released. In Australia, \"In Your Eyes\" was released as scheduled on 21 January 2002. The song was certified gold prior to its release on pre-sales only. It debuted at number one on the ARIA singles chart and became the fourth single",
"title": "In Your Eyes (Kylie Minogue song)"
},
{
"id": "10878222",
"text": "Teddy Randazzo Alessandro Carmelo \"Teddy\" Randazzo (May 13, 1935 – November 21, 2003) was an American pop songwriter, singer, arranger and producer, who composed hit songs such as \"Goin' Out of My Head\", \"It's Gonna Take a Miracle\", \"Pretty Blue Eyes\", and \"Hurt So Bad\" in the 1960s. He was born in Brooklyn, New York City. In the early years of rock and roll, Randazzo played accordion with a group called The Three Chuckles and appeared on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" numerous times. Their first hit \"Runaround\", was a top 20 hit in 1954. The following year, he became the",
"title": "Teddy Randazzo"
},
{
"id": "4856114",
"text": "1961. Their first single for Capitol, \"The Way You Look Tonight,\" succeeded on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 pop chart and climbed to No. 13. Their next, \"When I Fall in Love,\" reached the Top 10 in late 1962 and hit No. 1 on AC. They had several other Top 10 AC hits, such as 1965's \"Theme From A Summer Place\". In late 1967 Bob Engemann resigned and was replaced by Jim Pike's younger brother, Gary Pike. The hits continued with the 1967 medley \"Goin' Out of My Head\"/\"Can't Take My Eyes Off You\" and in 1968 with \"Put Your Head",
"title": "The Lettermen"
},
{
"id": "2462572",
"text": "video for the single was directed by Dawn Shadforth and features Minogue and a number of backup dancers dancing in various futuristic backdrops. \"In Your Eyes\" was released as the second single of the album on 18 February 2002, except in the United States, where \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" had just been released. It received generally positive reviews from music critics and was praised for its house influences. It became the second consecutive single from the album to peak atop the Australian Singles Chart. The song was also commercially successful internationally and peaked in the top ten",
"title": "Fever (Kylie Minogue album)"
},
{
"id": "8594601",
"text": "Jeff Lynne. The ELO EP The ELO EP was the final 1978 release from Electric Light Orchestra (ELO). It was a seven-inch EP played at 45 revolutions per minute and it was released in the UK and Ireland only to promote the three-LP box set \"Three Light Years\". \"Can't Get It Out of My Head\" was the lead-off track and had originally appeared on the band's fourth album \"Eldorado\". It thus finally became a hit in their homeland, nearly four years after it had charted in the US. The other three tracks had already been UK hit singles All songs",
"title": "The ELO EP"
},
{
"id": "18636311",
"text": "that Stock, Aitken and Waterman would one day be viewed as the 1980s equivalent of Motown. Who would have thought back in 1988 that \"I Should Be So Lucky\" and \"Je Ne Sais Pas Pourquoi\" would become such gems?\" Greatest Hits 87–97 Chris True from AllMusic gave the compilation four stars out of five, praised it as a \"valid and well-represented (yet oddly out of chronological order) anthology of what Americans were missing\" between the 15-year she first received success in the United States with \"Locomotion\" and then with \"Can't Get You Out of My Head.\" \"For those who were",
"title": "Greatest Hits 87–97"
},
{
"id": "6564826",
"text": "up of the ARIA awards of 2002. The album won Lloyd \"Best Male Artist\" for a second time. The album itself received many nominations, including \"Best Album of The Year\" (lost to Kasey Chambers - Barricades & Brickwalls),\"Best Rock Album\" (lost to Silverchair - Diorama) and \"Producer Of The Year\" (lost to Daniel Johns (Co-Producer) for - Silverchair - Diorama). \"Amazing\" also was nominated for \"Single Of The Year\" and \"Highest Selling Single\" losing both times to Kylie Minogue - \"Can't Get You Out Of My Head\". Lloyd still played an important role in the night, including singing one the",
"title": "Watching Angels Mend"
},
{
"id": "15039270",
"text": "the United States, the song topped the Hot Dance Club Songs chart, giving Jordan her first number one on the chart. It reached number 1 in the charts in the Netherlands (staying there for 10 weeks) and has also charted in the top five in countries such as the United Kingdom and Australia. An accompanying music video, directed by Aggressive, sees Jordan being torn apart from her love interest. It was noted for its similarities to Kylie Minogue's \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\". The (Dave Audé Club Mix) was the official song of the 2011 FIFA Women's World",
"title": "Happiness (Alexis Jordan song)"
},
{
"id": "18547231",
"text": "week of June 10, 2017, when his featured collaboration with Austin Mahone on the remake of Modjo's \"Lady\" took the top spot. Australian singer, songwriter, and actress Kylie Minogue has achieved 14 number-one songs on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Dance Club Songs chart, the most of any artist from Australia to date. Although her US chart run began in 1988 with her debut single \"I Should Be So Lucky\" (which peaked at number 10), it would not be until 2001 when she landed her first number one on the Dance Club Songs chart with \"Can't Get You Out of My Head,\"",
"title": "Artists with the most number-ones on the U.S. Dance Club Songs chart"
},
{
"id": "2462570",
"text": "\"The whole campaign was so strong, sure, ice cool. Willie's [William's] styling was incredible and [Peters'] photography made for a second amazing album cover with him.\" A new cover was issued for the US version of the album and features a close-up of Minogue biting on a bracelet. The US version cover also served as one of two CD single covers for second single of the album, \"In Your Eyes\". \"Can't Get You Out of My Head\" was released as the lead single from the album on 17 September 2001. The song was well received by music critics, many of",
"title": "Fever (Kylie Minogue album)"
}
] | who sang i can't get you out of my head |
|
| [
{
"id": "12054217",
"text": "Resort 25 km Hurghada. The civilization of Ancient Egypt left many monuments and temples that have become attractions for modern-day visitors to Egypt. These include: Pyramids: there are more than 70 pyramids along the Nile, with the three pyramids of Giza being the best-known. The Sphinx, a lion-bodied guard, stands beside pyramids in Giza. The pyramids were built more than 4,000 years ago in the eras of Kings Cheops, Kefren and Mykerinos. These three kings' bodies were buried within the pyramids. The pyramid of Cheops is the largest at 145 metres in height, and is referred to as the Great",
"title": "Tourism in Egypt"
},
{
"id": "3512341",
"text": "which served as the capital of Egypt during the Twelfth Dynasty. The pyramid at Meidum is one of three constructed during the reign of Sneferu, and is believed by some to have been started by that pharaoh's father and predecessor, Huni. However, that attribution is uncertain, as no record of Huni's name has been found at the site. It was constructed as a step pyramid, and then later converted into the first \"true\" smooth-sided pyramid when the steps were filled in, and an outer casing added. The pyramid suffered several catastrophic collapses in ancient and medieval times; medieval Arab writers",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "3512332",
"text": "the Great Pyramid was listed by Antipater of Sidon as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Today it is the only one of those wonders still in existence. This site, halfway between Giza and Abusir, is the location for two unfinished Old Kingdom pyramids. The northern structure's owner is believed to be pharaoh Nebka, while the southern structure, known as the Layer Pyramid, may be attributable to the Third Dynasty pharaoh Khaba, a close successor of Sekhemkhet. If this attribution is correct, Khaba's short reign could explain the seemingly unfinished state of this step pyramid. Today it",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "3512320",
"text": "Egyptian pyramids The Egyptian pyramids are ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt. As of November 2008, sources cite either 118 or 138 as the number of identified Egyptian pyramids. Most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods. The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis. The earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser, which was built 2630–2610 BC during the Third Dynasty. This pyramid and its surrounding complex were designed by the architect Imhotep, and are generally considered to be the world's oldest",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "9943346",
"text": "with its architectural monuments, which include the pyramids of Giza and the Great Sphinx—among the largest and most famous buildings in the world. The most famous pyramids are the Egyptian pyramids—huge structures built of brick or stone, some of which are among the largest constructions by humans. Pyramids functioned as tombs for pharaohs. In Ancient Egypt, a pyramid was referred to as \"mer\", literally \"place of ascendance.\" The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest in Egypt and one of the largest in the world. The base is over in area. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the",
"title": "Ancient Egyptian technology"
},
{
"id": "326154",
"text": "in 2575–2150 BC. Ancient Egyptian pyramids were in most cases placed west of the river Nile because the divine pharaoh's soul was meant to join with the sun during its descent before continuing with the sun in its eternal round. As of 2008, some 135 pyramids have been discovered in Egypt. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest in Egypt and one of the largest in the world. It was the tallest building in the world until Lincoln Cathedral was finished in 1311 AD. The base is over in area. While pyramids are associated with Egypt, the nation of",
"title": "Pyramid"
},
{
"id": "326155",
"text": "Sudan has 220 extant pyramids, the most numerous in the world. The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It is the only one to survive into modern times. The Ancient Egyptians covered the faces of pyramids with polished white limestone, containing great quantities of fossilized seashells. Many of the facing stones have fallen or have been removed and used for construction in Cairo. Most pyramids are located near Cairo, with only one royal pyramid being located south of Cairo, at the Abydos temple complex. The pyramid at Abydos, Egypt were commissioned by",
"title": "Pyramid"
},
{
"id": "3512331",
"text": "(or Chephren); the relatively modest-sized Pyramid of Menkaure (or Mykerinus), along with a number of smaller satellite edifices known as \"Queen's pyramids\"; and the Great Sphinx of Giza. Of the three, only Khafre's pyramid retains part of its original polished limestone casing, near its apex. This pyramid appears larger than the adjacent Khufu pyramid by virtue of its more elevated location, and the steeper angle of inclination of its construction – it is, in fact, smaller in both height and volume. The Giza pyramid complex has been a popular tourist destination since antiquity and was popularized in Hellenistic times when",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "178929",
"text": "History of Egypt The history of Egypt has been long and wealthy, due to the flow of the Nile River with its fertile banks and delta, as well as the accomplishments of Egypt's native inhabitants and outside influence. Much of Egypt's ancient history was a mystery until the secrets of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs were deciphered with the discovery and help of the Rosetta Stone. Among the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Great Pyramid of Giza is the only one still standing. The Library of Alexandria was the only one of its kind for centuries. Human settlement in Egypt",
"title": "History of Egypt"
},
{
"id": "326160",
"text": "constructed in the same manner as the pyramids in Egypt. They do have inwardly sloping walls but other than those there is no obvious resemblance to Egyptian pyramids. They had large central rooms (unlike Egyptian pyramids) and the Hellenikon structure is rectangular rather than square, which means that the sides could not have met at a point. The stone used to build these structures was limestone quarried locally and was cut to fit, not into freestanding blocks like the Great Pyramid of Giza. The dating of these structures has been made from the pot shards excavated from the floor and",
"title": "Pyramid"
},
{
"id": "156427",
"text": "Great Pyramid of Giza The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact. Based on a mark in an interior chamber naming the work gang and a reference to the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, Egyptologists believe that the pyramid was built as a tomb over a 10- to 20-year period",
"title": "Great Pyramid of Giza"
},
{
"id": "3207083",
"text": "Red Pyramid The Red Pyramid, also called the north Pyramid, is the largest of the three major pyramids located at the Dahshur necropolis in Cairo, Egypt. Named for the rusty reddish hue of its red limestone stones, it is also the third largest Egyptian pyramid, after those of Khufu and Khafra at Giza. It is also believed to be Egypt's first successful attempt at constructing a \"true\" smooth-sided pyramid. Local residents refer to the Red Pyramid as \"el-heram el-watwaat\", meaning the Bat Pyramid. The Red Pyramid was not always red. It used to be cased with white Tura limestone, but",
"title": "Red Pyramid"
},
{
"id": "6020600",
"text": "on the Nile, some 20 kilometers (12 mi) southwest of Cairo city center. This Ancient Egyptian necropolis consists of the Pyramid of Khufu (also known as the \"Great Pyramid\" and the \"Pyramid of Cheops\"), the somewhat smaller Pyramid of Khafre (or Kephren/Chefren), and the relatively modest-sized Pyramid of Menkaure (or Mykerinus/Mycerinus), along with a number of smaller satellite edifices, known as \"queens\" pyramids, the Great Sphinx as well as a few hundred mastabas, and chapels. The pyramids, which were built in the Fourth Dynasty, testify to the power of the pharaonic religion and state. They were built to serve both",
"title": "Ancient Egyptian architecture"
},
{
"id": "1831047",
"text": "Great Sphinx of Giza The Great Sphinx of Giza (, , ; literally: Father of Dread), commonly referred to as the Sphinx of Giza or just the Sphinx, is a limestone statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human. Facing directly from West to East, it stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt. The face of the Sphinx is generally believed to represent the Pharaoh Khafre. Cut from the bedrock, the original shape of the Sphinx has been restored with",
"title": "Great Sphinx of Giza"
},
{
"id": "9943347",
"text": "World, and the only one of the seven to survive into modern times. The Ancient Egyptians capped the peaks of their pyramids with gold and covered their faces with polished white limestone, although many of the stones used for the finishing purpose have fallen or been removed for use on other structures over the millennia. The Red Pyramid of Egypt (c.26th century BC), named for the light crimson hue of its exposed granite surfaces, is the third largest of Egyptian pyramids. Menkaure's Pyramid, likely dating to the same era, was constructed of limestone and granite blocks. The Great Pyramid of",
"title": "Ancient Egyptian technology"
},
{
"id": "6020601",
"text": "as grave sites and also as a way to make their names last forever. The size and simple design show the high skill level of Egyptian design and engineering on a large scale. The Great Pyramid of Giza, which was probably completed c. 2580 BC, is the oldest of the Giza pyramids and the largest pyramid in the world, and is the only surviving monument of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The pyramid of Khafre is believed to have been completed around 2532 BC, at the end of Khafre's reign. Khafre ambitiously placed his pyramid next to his",
"title": "Ancient Egyptian architecture"
},
{
"id": "3512338",
"text": "at Meidum had smooth sides in its finished state – but it was conceived and built as a step pyramid, before having its steps filled in and concealed beneath a smooth outer casing of dressed stone. As a true smooth-sided structure, the Bent Pyramid was only a partial success – albeit a unique, visually imposing one; it is also the only major Egyptian pyramid to retain a significant proportion of its original smooth outer limestone casing intact. As such it serves as the best contemporary example of how the ancient Egyptians intended their pyramids to look. Several kilometres to the",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "156430",
"text": "the pyramid for nobles. Egyptologists believe the pyramid was built as a tomb for the Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu (often Hellenized as \"Cheops\") and was constructed over a 20-year period. Khufu's vizier, Hemiunu (also called Hemon) is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid. It is thought that, at construction, the Great Pyramid was originally 280 Egyptian Royal cubits tall (), but with erosion and absence of its pyramidion, its present height is . Each base side was 440 cubits, long. The mass of the pyramid is estimated at 5.9 million tonnes. The volume, including",
"title": "Great Pyramid of Giza"
},
{
"id": "3512321",
"text": "monumental structures constructed of dressed masonry. The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo. Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built. The Pyramid of Khufu at Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid. It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence. By the time of the Early Dynastic Period, those with sufficient means were buried in bench-like structures known as mastabas. The second historically-documented Egyptian pyramid is attributed to the architect Imhotep, who planned what Egyptologists believe to be a",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "4881",
"text": "the enclosed hypostyle hall to the front of the temple's sanctuary, a style that was standard until the Greco-Roman period. The earliest and most popular tomb architecture in the Old Kingdom was the mastaba, a flat-roofed rectangular structure of mudbrick or stone built over an underground burial chamber. The step pyramid of Djoser is a series of stone mastabas stacked on top of each other. Pyramids were built during the Old and Middle Kingdoms, but most later rulers abandoned them in favor of less conspicuous rock-cut tombs. The use of the pyramid form continued in private tomb chapels of the",
"title": "Ancient Egypt"
},
{
"id": "1287232",
"text": "as the location of the Giza Plateau: the site of some of the most impressive ancient monuments in the world, including a complex of ancient Egyptian royal mortuary and sacred structures, including the Great Sphinx, the Great Pyramid of Giza, and a number of other large pyramids and temples. Giza has always been a focal point in Egypt's history due to its location close to Memphis, the ancient Pharaonic capital of the Old Kingdom. Its St. George cathedral is the episcopal see of the Coptic Catholic Eparchy of Giza. The \"city\" of Giza is the capital of the Giza Governorate,",
"title": "Giza"
},
{
"id": "1831048",
"text": "layers of blocks. It measures long from paw to tail, high from the base to the top of the head and wide at its rear haunches. It is the oldest known monumental sculpture in Egypt and is commonly believed to have been built by ancient Egyptians of the Old Kingdom during the reign of the Pharaoh Khafre (). The Sphinx is a monolith carved into the bedrock of the plateau, which also served as the quarry for the pyramids and other monuments in the area. The nummulitic limestone of the area consists of layers which offer differing resistance to erosion",
"title": "Great Sphinx of Giza"
},
{
"id": "9194677",
"text": "share a land border with Egypt. Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest. Egypt's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which",
"title": "Egypt"
},
{
"id": "3512330",
"text": "size as the Pyramid of Menkaure, which would have placed it among the half-dozen or so largest pyramids in Egypt. Its location adjacent to a major crossroads made it an easy source of stone. Quarrying, which began in Roman times, has left little apart from about 15 courses of stone superimposed upon the natural hillock that formed part of the pyramid's core. A small adjacent satellite pyramid is in a better state of preservation. Giza is the location of the Pyramid of Khufu (also known as the \"Great Pyramid\" and the \"Pyramid of Cheops\"); the somewhat smaller Pyramid of Khafre",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "5237088",
"text": "Giza pyramid complex The Giza pyramid complex is an archaeological site on the Giza Plateau, on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt. It includes the three Great Pyramids (Khufu/Cheops, Khafre/Chephren and Menkaure/Mykerinos)), the Great Sphinx, several cemeteries, a workers' village and an industrial complex. It is located in the Western Desert, approximately 9 km (5 mi) west of the Nile river at the old town of Giza, and about 13 km (8 mi) southwest of Cairo city centre. The pyramids, which have historically been common as emblems of ancient Egypt in the Western imagination, were popularised in Hellenistic times, when the",
"title": "Giza pyramid complex"
},
{
"id": "326149",
"text": "of limestone (with large red granite blocks used in some interior chambers), contains over 2,000,000 blocks ranging in weight from to and is built on a square base with sides measuring about 230 m (755 ft), covering 13 acres. Its four sides face the four cardinal points precisely and it has an angle of 52 degrees. The original height of the pyramid was 146.5 m (488 ft), but today it is only 137 m (455 ft) high as 9 m (33 ft) has gone missing due to theft of the fine quality white Tura limestone covering, or casing stones, for",
"title": "Pyramid"
},
{
"id": "5237098",
"text": "pyramid not only served as a tomb for the Pharaoh, but also as a storage pit for various items he would need in the afterlife. \"The people of Ancient Egypt believed that death on Earth was the start of a journey to the next world. The embalmed body of the King was entombed underneath or within the pyramid to protect it and allow his transformation and ascension to the afterlife.\" The sides of all three of the Giza pyramids were astronomically oriented to the north-south and east-west within a small fraction of a degree. Among recent attempts to explain such",
"title": "Giza pyramid complex"
},
{
"id": "3512333",
"text": "stands around high; had it been completed, it is likely to have exceeded . There are a total of fourteen pyramids at this site, which served as the main royal necropolis during the Fifth Dynasty. The quality of construction of the Abusir pyramids is inferior to those of the Fourth Dynasty – perhaps signaling a decrease in royal power or a less vibrant economy. They are smaller than their predecessors, and are built of low-quality local limestone. The three major pyramids are those of Niuserre, which is also the best preserved, Neferirkare Kakai and Sahure. The site is also home",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "3210083",
"text": "Bent Pyramid The Bent Pyramid is an ancient Egyptian pyramid located at the royal necropolis of Dahshur, approximately 40 kilometres south of Cairo, built under the Old Kingdom Pharaoh Sneferu (c. 2600 BC). A unique example of early pyramid development in Egypt, this was the second pyramid built by Sneferu. The Bent Pyramid rises from the desert at a 54-degree inclination, but the top section (above 47 meters) is built at the shallower angle of 43 degrees, lending the pyramid its very obvious 'bent' appearance. Archaeologists now believe that the Bent Pyramid represents a transitional form between step-sided and smooth-sided",
"title": "Bent Pyramid"
},
{
"id": "3512327",
"text": "bank of the Nile, which, as the site of the setting sun, was associated with the realm of the dead in Egyptian mythology. In 1842, Karl Richard Lepsius produced the first modern list of pyramids – now known as the Lepsius list of pyramids – in which he counted 67. A great many more have since been discovered. As of November 2008, 118 Egyptian pyramids have been identified. The location of Pyramid 29, which Lepsius called the \"Headless Pyramid\", was lost for a second time when the structure was buried by desert sands after Lepsius's survey. It was found again",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "3512339",
"text": "north of the Bent Pyramid is the last – and most successful – of the three pyramids constructed during the reign of Sneferu; the Red Pyramid is the world's first successfully completed smooth-sided pyramid. The structure is also the third largest pyramid in Egypt – after the pyramids of Khufu and Khafra at Giza. Also at Dahshur is one of two pyramids built by Amenemhat III, known as the Black Pyramid, as well as a number of small, mostly ruined subsidiary pyramids. Located to the south of Dahshur, several mudbrick pyramids were built in this area in the late Middle",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "13350393",
"text": "in Egypt have varying slopes; however, like the Great Pyramid of Giza, the pyramid at Meidum is thought to have had sides that sloped by 51.842° or 51° 50' 35\", which is a seked of 5 palms. The Great Pyramid scholar Professor I.E.S Edwards considered this to have been the 'normal' or most typical slope choice for pyramids. Flinders Petrie also noted the similarity of the slope of this pyramid to that of the Great Pyramid at Giza, and both Egyptologists considered it to have been a deliberate choice, based on a desire to ensure that the circuit of the",
"title": "Seked"
},
{
"id": "6020594",
"text": "Ancient Egyptian architecture Ancient Egyptian architecture is the architecture of one of the most influential civilizations throughout history, which developed a vast array of diverse structures and great architectural monuments along the Nile, including pyramids and temples. Due to the scarcity of wood, the two predominant building materials used in ancient Egypt were sun-baked mud brick and stone, mainly limestone, but also sandstone and granite in considerable quantities. From the Old Kingdom onward, stone was generally reserved for tombs and temples, while bricks were used even for royal palaces, fortresses, the walls of temple precincts and towns, and for subsidiary",
"title": "Ancient Egyptian architecture"
},
{
"id": "13350389",
"text": "mathematical papyri; the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus in the British Museum and the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus in the Museum of Fine Arts. Although there is no direct evidence of its application from the archaeology of the Old Kingdom, there are a number of examples from the two mathematical papyrii, which date to the Middle Kingdom that show the use of this system for defining the slopes of the sides of pyramids, based on their height and base dimensions. The most widely quoted example is perhaps problem 56 from the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus. The most famous of all the pyramids of Egypt",
"title": "Seked"
},
{
"id": "6020602",
"text": "fathers. It is not as tall as his father's pyramid but he was able to give it the impression of appearing taller by building it on a site with a foundation 33 feet (10 m) higher than his father's. Along with building his pyramid, Chefren commissioned the building of the giant Sphinx as guardian over his tomb. The face of a human, possibly a depiction of the pharaoh, on a lion's body was seen as a symbol of divinity among the Greeks fifteen hundred years later. The Great Sphinx is carved out of the limestone bedrock and stands about 65",
"title": "Ancient Egyptian architecture"
},
{
"id": "5237089",
"text": "Great Pyramid was listed by Antipater of Sidon as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. It is by far the oldest of the ancient Wonders and the only one still in existence. The Pyramids of Giza consist of the Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Cheops or Khufu and constructed ), the somewhat smaller Pyramid of Khafre (or Chephren) a few hundred meters to the south-west, and the relatively modest-sized Pyramid of Menkaure (or Mykerinos) a few hundred meters farther south-west. The Great Sphinx lies on the east side of the complex. Current consensus",
"title": "Giza pyramid complex"
},
{
"id": "3512329",
"text": "of Zawyet el-Amwat (or Zawyet el-Mayitin), are sited on the west bank of the Nile, and most are grouped together in a number of pyramid fields. The most important of these are listed geographically, from north to south, below. Abu Rawash is the site of Egypt's most northerly pyramid (other than the ruins of Lepsius pyramid number one)— the mostly ruined Pyramid of Djedefre, son and successor of Khufu. Originally it was thought that this pyramid had never been completed, but the current archaeological consensus is that not only was it completed, but that it was originally about the same",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "156453",
"text": "construction spaces previously identified. The \"King's Chamber\" is 20 Egyptian Royal cubits or from east to west and 10 cubits or north to south. It has a flat roof 11 cubits and 5 digits or 5.852 metres (19 feet 2 inch) above the floor. above the floor there are two narrow shafts in the north and south walls (one is now filled by an extractor fan in an attempt to circulate air inside the pyramid). The purpose of these shafts is not clear: they appear to be aligned towards stars or areas of the northern and southern skies, yet one",
"title": "Great Pyramid of Giza"
},
{
"id": "5049654",
"text": "until it became the largest in Mexico by volume. The temple-pyramid complex was built in four stages, starting from the 3rd century BC through the 9th century AD, and was dedicated to the deity Quetzalcoatl. It has a base of and a height of 66 m (217 ft). According to the \"Guinness Book of Records,\" it is in fact the largest pyramid as well as the largest monument ever constructed anywhere in the world, with a total volume estimated at over 4.45 million cubic metres, even larger than that of the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, which is about",
"title": "Great Pyramid of Cholula"
},
{
"id": "11161427",
"text": "Great Pyramid Monument The Great Pyramid Monument is a German proposal for a mausoleum, patterned after the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt. The concept of constructing a modern pyramid was originally proposed by German writer Ingo Niermann. He suggested a memorial be erected in the former East Germany, to serve as a democratic tomb for people from any ethnic, ethical and religious group. If developed correctly it could also become a tourist attraction, and a beginning point for intercultural dialog. The Great Pyramid is envisioned as the world's largest monument, potentially serving every human being as a grave or",
"title": "Great Pyramid Monument"
},
{
"id": "1068068",
"text": "Pyramid of Djoser The Pyramid of Djoser (or Djeser and Zoser), or Step Pyramid (\"kbhw-ntrw\" in Egyptian) is an archeological remain in the Saqqara necropolis, Egypt, northwest of the city of Memphis. The earliest colossal stone building in Egypt, it was built in the 27th century BC during the Third Dynasty for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser by his vizier, Imhotep. The pyramid is the central feature of a vast mortuary complex in an enormous courtyard surrounded by ceremonial structures and decoration. The pyramid consisted of six mastabas (of decreasing size) built atop one another in what were clearly revisions",
"title": "Pyramid of Djoser"
},
{
"id": "3512344",
"text": "in the area (North Sudan). The following table lays out the chronology of the construction of most of the major pyramids mentioned here. Each pyramid is identified through the pharaoh who ordered it built, his approximate reign, and its location. Constructing the pyramids involved moving huge quantities of stone. Papyri discovered at the Egyptian desert near the Red Sea, in 2013 by archaeologist Pierre Tallet, revealed the journal of Merer, an official of Egypt involved in transporting limestone along the Nile River. These papyri reveal processes in the building of the Great Pyramid at Giza, the tomb of the Pharaoh",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "156433",
"text": "four cardinal compass points (within four minutes of arc) based on true north, not magnetic north, and the finished base was squared to a mean corner error of only 12 seconds of arc. The completed design dimensions, as suggested by Petrie's survey and subsequent studies, are estimated to have originally been 280 Egyptian Royal cubits high by 440 cubits long at each of the four sides of its base. The ratio of the perimeter to height of 1760/280 Egyptian Royal cubits equates to 2π to an accuracy of better than 0.05 percent (corresponding to the well-known approximation of π as",
"title": "Great Pyramid of Giza"
},
{
"id": "3512334",
"text": "to the incomplete Pyramid of Neferefre. Most of the major pyramids at Abusir were built using similar construction techniques, comprising a rubble core surrounded by steps of mud bricks with a limestone outer casing. The largest of these Fifth Dynasty pyramids, the Pyramid of Neferirkare Kakai, is believed to have been built originally as a step pyramid some high and then later transformed into a \"true\" pyramid by having its steps filled in with loose masonry. Major pyramids located here include the Pyramid of Djoser – generally identified as the world's oldest substantial monumental structure to be built of dressed",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "5005769",
"text": "earlier form of tomb), one on top of another thus producing seven levels (including the rooftop) and four sides. Later pharaohs, including Sekhemkhet and Khaba, built similar structures, known as the Buried Pyramid and the Layer Pyramid, respectively. In the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, the Egyptians began to build \"true pyramids\" with smooth sides. The earliest of these pyramids, located at Meidum, began as a step pyramid built for Sneferu. Sneferu later made other pyramids, the Bent Pyramid and Red Pyramid at Dahshur, which were the first true pyramids to be built as such from the beginning. With this innovation,",
"title": "Step pyramid"
},
{
"id": "326153",
"text": "be plated with gold, silver, or electrum and would also be highly reflective. After 2700 BC, the ancient Egyptians began building pyramids, until around 1700 BC. The first pyramid was erected during the Third Dynasty by the Pharaoh Djoser and his architect Imhotep. This step pyramid consisted of six stacked mastabas. The largest Egyptian pyramids are those at the Giza pyramid complex. The Egyptian sun god Ra, considered the father of all pharaohs, was said to have created himself from a pyramid-shaped mound of earth before creating all other gods. The age of the pyramids reached its zenith at Giza",
"title": "Pyramid"
},
{
"id": "3512337",
"text": "discovered at north Saqqara in late 2008. Believed to be the tomb of Teti's mother, it currently stands approximately high, although the original height was closer to . This area is arguably the most important pyramid field in Egypt outside Giza and Saqqara, although until 1996 the site was inaccessible due to its location within a military base and was relatively unknown outside archaeological circles. The southern Pyramid of Sneferu, commonly known as the Bent Pyramid, is believed to be the first Egyptian pyramid intended by its builders to be a \"true\" smooth-sided pyramid from the outset; the earlier pyramid",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "11937068",
"text": "by name and constructed the first known step pyramid in Egypt. In the 26th century BC, the Great Pyramid of Giza was constructed in Egypt. It remained the largest man-made structure for millennia and was considered an unsurpassed feat in architecture until the 19th century AD. The understanding of the physical laws that underpin structural engineering in the Western world dates back to the 3rd century BC, when Archimedes published his work \"On the Equilibrium of Planes\" in two volumes, in which he sets out the \"Law of the Lever\", stating: Archimedes used the principles derived to calculate the areas",
"title": "History of structural engineering"
},
{
"id": "6020603",
"text": "feet (20 m) tall. Menkaure's pyramid dates to circa 2490 BC and stands 213 feet (65 m) high making it the smallest of the Great Pyramids. Popular culture leads people to believe that Pyramids are highly confusing, with many tunnels within the pyramid to create confusion for grave robbers. This is not true. The shafts of pyramids are quite simple, mostly leading directly to the tomb. The immense size of the pyramids attracted robbers to the wealth that lay inside which caused the tombs to be robbed relatively soon after the tomb was sealed in some cases. There are sometimes",
"title": "Ancient Egyptian architecture"
},
{
"id": "6541042",
"text": "the Sphinx and Valley Temples, 35 boat pits cut out of solid bedrock, and several causeways, as well as paving nearly the entire plateau with large stones. This does not include Khafre's brother Djedefre's northern pyramid, Abu Rawash, which would have also been built during this time frame of 100 years. In the hundred years prior to Giza—beginning with Djoser, who ruled from 2687–2667 BC, and amongst dozens of other temples, smaller pyramids, and general construction projects—four other massive pyramids were built: the Step pyramid of Saqqara (believed to be the first Egyptian pyramid), the pyramid of Meidum, the Bent",
"title": "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques"
},
{
"id": "1068025",
"text": "Mastaba A mastaba (, or ) or pr-djt (meaning \"house for eternity\" or \"eternal house\" in Ancient Egyptian) is a type of ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with inward sloping sides, constructed out of mud-bricks (from the Nile River). These edifices marked the burial sites of many eminent Egyptians during Egypt's Early Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom. In the Old Kingdom epoch, local kings began to be buried in pyramids instead of in mastabas, although non-royal use of mastabas continued for over a thousand years. Egyptologists call these tombs \"mastaba\", from the Arabic word",
"title": "Mastaba"
},
{
"id": "6541040",
"text": "project required an average workforce of 14,567 people and a peak workforce of 40,000. Without the use of pulleys, wheels, or iron tools, they used critical path analysis to suggest the Great Pyramid was completed from start to finish in approximately 10 years. Their study estimates the number of blocks used in construction was between 2 and 2.8 million (an average of 2.4 million), but settles on a reduced finished total of 2 million after subtracting the estimated volume of the hollow spaces of the chambers and galleries. Most sources agree on this number of blocks somewhere above 2.3 million.",
"title": "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques"
},
{
"id": "5720660",
"text": "shown on one lateral face. Facing the two gods, on the adjacent lateral face, is the deceased Ptahemwia, standing in an offering pose, facing three columns of hieroglyphs. Pyramidion A pyramidion (plural: pyramidia) is the uppermost piece or capstone of an Egyptian pyramid or obelisk, in archaeological parlance. Speakers of the Ancient Egyptian language referred to pyramidia as \"benbenet\" and associated the pyramid as a whole with the sacred benben stone. During Egypt's Old Kingdom, pyramidia were generally made of diorite, granite, or fine limestone, then covered in gold or electrum; during the Middle Kingdom and through the end of",
"title": "Pyramidion"
},
{
"id": "326148",
"text": "that less material higher up on the pyramid will be pushing down from above. This distribution of weight allowed early civilizations to create stable monumental structures. Civilizations in many parts of the world have built pyramids. The largest pyramid by volume is the Great Pyramid of Cholula, in the Mexican state of Puebla. For thousands of years, the largest structures on Earth were pyramids—first the Red Pyramid in the Dashur Necropolis and then the Great Pyramid of Khufu, both in Egypt—the latter is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still remaining. Khufu's Pyramid, built mainly",
"title": "Pyramid"
},
{
"id": "3512343",
"text": "is believed to have been Amenemhet's final resting place. The pyramid of Senusret II at el-Lahun is the southernmost royal-tomb pyramid structure in Egypt. Its builders reduced the amount of work necessary to construct it by ingeniously using as its foundation and core a 12-meter-high natural limestone hill. Piye, the king of Kush who became the first ruler of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt, built a pyramid at El-Kurru. He was the first Egyptian pharaoh to be buried in a pyramid in centuries. Taharqa, a Kushite ruler of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, built his pyramid at Nuri. It was the largest",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "326152",
"text": "Herodotus. Access to the shrine would have been by a series of ramps on one side of the ziggurat or by a spiral ramp from base to summit. The most famous pyramids are the Egyptian — huge structures built of brick or stone, some of which are among the world's largest constructions. They are shaped as a reference to the rays of the sun. Most pyramids had a polished, highly reflective white limestone surface, to give them a shining appearance when viewed from a distance. The capstone was usually made of hard stone – granite or basalt – and could",
"title": "Pyramid"
},
{
"id": "11766934",
"text": "Glasgow Necropolis. The Giza Necropolis of ancient Egypt is one of the oldest and probably the most well-known necropolis in the world since the Great Pyramid of Giza was included in the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Aside from the pyramids which were reserved for the burial of Pharaohs the Egyptian necropoleis included mastabas, a typical royal tomb of the early Dynastic period. Naqsh-e Rustam is an ancient necropolis located about northwest of Persepolis, in Fars Province, Iran. The oldest relief at Naqsh-i Rustam dates to . Though it is severely damaged, it depicts a faint image of a",
"title": "Necropolis"
},
{
"id": "9670786",
"text": "between edges or faces.) An example of each type is depicted below, along with the number of sides on each of the faces. The images are ordered by descending number of six-sided faces (if any), followed by descending number of five-sided faces (if any), and so on. Heptahedron A heptahedron (plural: heptahedra) is a polyhedron having seven sides, or faces. A heptahedron can take a surprising number of different basic forms, or topologies. Probably most familiar are the hexagonal pyramid and the pentagonal prism. Also notable is the tetrahemihexahedron, whose seven faces form a rudimentary projective plane. No heptahedra are",
"title": "Heptahedron"
},
{
"id": "3464893",
"text": "measurements made by French engineers during Napoleon's expedition in Egypt, were studied by John Taylor (1781–1864). Taylor claimed that the measurements indicated that the ancients had used a unit of measure about 1/1000 greater than a modern British inch. This was the origin of the \"pyramid inch\". Taylor regarded the \"pyramid inch\" to be 1/25 of the \"sacred cubit\", ancient unit based on the forearm length from the tip of the middle finger to the bottom of the elbow, whose existence had earlier been postulated by Isaac Newton. The principal argument was that the total length of the four sides",
"title": "Pyramid inch"
},
{
"id": "6020610",
"text": "complex is particularly significant, for many rulers have added to it. However, notably every ruler of the New Kingdom added to it. The site covers over 200 acres and consists of a series of pylons, leading into courtyards, halls, chapels, obelisks, and smaller temples. The key difference between Karnak and most of the other temples and sites in Egypt is the length of time over which it was developed and used. Construction work began in the 16th century BC, and was originally quite modest in size. But eventually, in the main precinct alone, as many as twenty temples and chapels",
"title": "Ancient Egyptian architecture"
},
{
"id": "9194728",
"text": "desert and of the Libyan Desert. These deserts protected the Kingdom of the Pharaohs from western threats and were referred to as the \"red land\" in ancient Egypt. Towns and cities include Alexandria, the second largest city; Aswan; Asyut; Cairo, the modern Egyptian capital and largest city; El Mahalla El Kubra; Giza, the site of the Pyramid of Khufu; Hurghada; Luxor; Kom Ombo; Port Safaga; Port Said; Sharm El Sheikh; Suez, where the south end of the Suez Canal is located; Zagazig; and Minya. Oases include Bahariya, Dakhla, Farafra, Kharga and Siwa. Protectorates include Ras Mohamed National Park, Zaranik Protectorate",
"title": "Egypt"
},
{
"id": "7934333",
"text": "received Honorable Mention. The building is designed by Heneghan Peng Architects, Buro Happold and Arup. The exhibition masterplan, exhibition design and museology is by Metaphor and Cultural Innovations Ltd. The building is shaped like a chamfered triangle in plan. It sits on a site two kilometers west of the pyramids, near a motorway interchange. The building's north and south walls line up directly with the Great Pyramid of Khufu and the Pyramid of Menkaure. In front of the building is a large plaza, filled with date plants. One of the main features of the museum is the translucent stone wall,",
"title": "Grand Egyptian Museum"
},
{
"id": "3512328",
"text": "only during an archaeological dig conducted in 2008. Many pyramids are in a poor state of preservation or buried by desert sands. If visible at all, they may appear as little more than mounds of rubble. As a consequence, archaeologists are continuing to identify and study previously unknown pyramid structures. The most recent pyramid to be discovered was that of Sesheshet at Saqqara, mother of the Sixth Dynasty pharaoh Teti. The discovery was announced by Zahi Hawass, Secretary General of the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities, on 11 November 2008. All of Egypt's pyramids, except the small Third Dynasty pyramid",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "19262486",
"text": "Pyramid of Elephantine The Pyramid of Elephantine is part of a group of seven very similar small step pyramids, along with the pyramids at Edfu South, , Naqada, , , and . All of these were built far from the main centres of Egypt and are very poorly understood. The Pyramid of Elephantine is located in the northwest part of the Old Kingdom city on the south end of the island of Elephantine in the Nile. The structure was discovered in 1907, but it could only be identified as a pyramid after new excavations by the German Archaeological Institute in",
"title": "Pyramid of Elephantine"
},
{
"id": "3512342",
"text": "described it as having seven steps – although today only the three uppermost of these remain, giving the structure its odd, tower-like appearance. The hill on which the pyramid is situated is not a natural landscape feature – it is the small mountain of debris created when the lower courses and outer casing of the pyramid gave way. Amenemhat III was the last powerful ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty, and the pyramid he built at Hawara, near the Faiyum, is believed to post-date the so-called \"Black Pyramid\" built by the same ruler at Dahshur. It is the Hawara pyramid that",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "3060271",
"text": "Memphis Pyramid The Memphis Pyramid, initially known as the Great American Pyramid, formerly referred to as the Pyramid Arena and locally referred to as The Pyramid, was originally built as a 20,142-seat arena located in downtown Memphis, in the U.S. state of Tennessee, at the banks of the Mississippi River. The facility was built in 1991 and was originally owned and operated jointly by the city of Memphis and Shelby County; Shelby County sold its share to Memphis in April 2009. Its structure plays on the city's namesake in Egypt, known for its ancient pyramids. It is (about 32 stories)",
"title": "Memphis Pyramid"
},
{
"id": "16105605",
"text": "Pyramid G1-c G1-c is one of the subsidiary pyramids of the Giza East Field of the Giza Necropolis immediately to the eastern side of the Great Pyramid of Giza, built during the Fourth dynasty of Egypt. It is the southern of the three pyramids of the queens and is the one of Queen Henutsen. It is 46.25 metres wide and had a height of 29.60 metres. A niche, four inches deep was dug in the south wall of the burial chamber. Pyramid G 1c was originally not a part of Khufu's pyramid complex, as its southern side is aligned not",
"title": "Pyramid G1-c"
},
{
"id": "5460343",
"text": "in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar (Hebrew \"matstebah\", or monument) at the border thereof to the Lord. And it shall be for a sign, and for a witness unto the Lord of Hosts in the land of Egypt.\" Two brothers, archaeologists John and Morton Edgar, as personal associates and supporters of Russell, wrote extensive treatises on the history, nature, and prophetic symbolism of the Great Pyramid in relation to the then known archaeological history, along with their interpretations of prophetic and Biblical chronology. They are best known for their two-volume work \"Great Pyramid Passages and",
"title": "Pyramidology"
},
{
"id": "3512336",
"text": "have been larger than Djoser's. South of the main pyramid field at Saqqara is a second collection of later, smaller pyramids, including those of Pepi I, Djedkare Isesi, Merenre, Pepi II and Ibi. Most of these are in a poor state of preservation. The Fourth Dynasty pharaoh Shepseskaf either did not share an interest in, or have the capacity to undertake pyramid construction like his predecessors. His tomb, which is also sited at south Saqqara, was instead built as an unusually large mastaba and offering temple complex. It is commonly known as the Mastabat al-Fir’aun. A previously unknown pyramid was",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "5005768",
"text": "The number of tiers ranged from two to seven, with a shrine or temple at the summit. Access to the shrine was provided by a series of ramps on one side of the ziggurat or by a spiral ramp from base to summit. It was also called Hill of Heaven or Mountain of the gods. The earliest Egyptian pyramids were step pyramids. During the Third Dynasty of Egypt, the architect Imhotep designed Egypt's first step pyramid as a tomb for the pharaoh, Djoser. This structure, the Pyramid of Djoser, was composed of a series of six successively smaller mastabas (an",
"title": "Step pyramid"
},
{
"id": "1068035",
"text": "a burial chamber\". Mastaba A mastaba (, or ) or pr-djt (meaning \"house for eternity\" or \"eternal house\" in Ancient Egyptian) is a type of ancient Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with inward sloping sides, constructed out of mud-bricks (from the Nile River). These edifices marked the burial sites of many eminent Egyptians during Egypt's Early Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom. In the Old Kingdom epoch, local kings began to be buried in pyramids instead of in mastabas, although non-royal use of mastabas continued for over a thousand years. Egyptologists call these tombs \"mastaba\", from",
"title": "Mastaba"
},
{
"id": "1965941",
"text": "from mathematics. He believes that this \"reversal of mathematical values\" is harmful, as the \"pervasive aesthetic\" of non-mathematical architecture trains people \"to reject mathematical information in the built environment\"; he argues that this has negative effects on society. The pyramids of Ancient Egypt are tombs constructed with deliberately chosen proportions, but which these were, and whether the Pythagorean theorem was used, are debated. The face angle of the Great Pyramid of Giza is about 51°85', and the ratio of the slant height to half the base length is 1.619, less than 1% from the golden ratio. If this was the",
"title": "Mathematics and architecture"
},
{
"id": "5460347",
"text": "or influenced by them (e.g., through their advanced technology). Proponents include Erich von Däniken, Robert Charroux, W. Raymond Drake, and Zecharia Sitchin. According to Erich Von Däniken, the Great Pyramid has advanced numerological properties which could not have been known to the ancient Egyptians and so must have been passed down by extraterrestrials: \"...the height of the pyramid of Cheops, multiplied by a thousand million—98,000,000 miles—corresponds approximately to the distance between the Earth and the sun\". Robert Bauval and Graham Hancock (1996) have both suggested that the 'ground plan' of the three main Egyptian pyramids was physically established in c.",
"title": "Pyramidology"
},
{
"id": "3512326",
"text": "that they were designed as a type of \"resurrection machine.\" The Egyptians believed the dark area of the night sky around which the stars appear to revolve was the physical gateway into the heavens. One of the narrow shafts that extend from the main burial chamber through the entire body of the Great Pyramid points directly towards the center of this part of the sky. This suggests the pyramid may have been designed to serve as a means to magically launch the deceased pharaoh's soul directly into the abode of the gods. All Egyptian pyramids were built on the west",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "6020634",
"text": "end of the old Empire, the usage of these tombs were abandoned. Ancient Egyptian architecture Ancient Egyptian architecture is the architecture of one of the most influential civilizations throughout history, which developed a vast array of diverse structures and great architectural monuments along the Nile, including pyramids and temples. Due to the scarcity of wood, the two predominant building materials used in ancient Egypt were sun-baked mud brick and stone, mainly limestone, but also sandstone and granite in considerable quantities. From the Old Kingdom onward, stone was generally reserved for tombs and temples, while bricks were used even for royal",
"title": "Ancient Egyptian architecture"
},
{
"id": "2328654",
"text": "the Third Dynasty through to the Sixth Dynasty (2686–2181 BCE). The royal capital of Egypt during this period was located at Memphis, where Djoser (2630–2611 BCE) established his court. The Old Kingdom is perhaps best known, however, for the large number of pyramids, which were constructed at this time as pharaonic burial places. For this reason, this epoch is frequently referred to as \"the Age of the Pyramids.\" The first notable pharaoh of the Old Kingdom was Djoser of the Third Dynasty, who ordered the construction of the first pyramid, the Pyramid of Djoser, in Memphis' necropolis of Saqqara. It",
"title": "History of ancient Egypt"
},
{
"id": "949519",
"text": "is one of the finest examples of this kind statuary still present on its original site. The outdoor museum houses numerous other statues, colossi, sphinxes, and architectural elements. However, the majority of the finds have been sold to major museums around the world. For the most part, these can be found on display in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The specific appearance of the temple is unclear at present, and only that of the main access to the perimeter are known. Recent developments include the discovery of giant statues which adorned the gates or towers. Those that have been found",
"title": "Memphis, Egypt"
},
{
"id": "6541041",
"text": "Their calculations suggest the workforce could have sustained a rate of 180 blocks per hour (3 blocks/minute) with ten-hour work days for putting each individual block in place. They derived these estimates from modern third-world construction projects that did not use modern machinery, but conclude it is still unknown exactly how the Great Pyramid was built. As Dr. Craig Smith of the team points out: The entire Giza Plateau is believed to have been constructed over the reign of five pharaohs in less than a hundred years, which generally includes: the Great Pyramid, Khafre and Menkaure's pyramids, the Great Sphinx,",
"title": "Egyptian pyramid construction techniques"
},
{
"id": "14430974",
"text": "than double the height\" of Nelson's Column, the monument honouring Admiral Nelson in Trafalgar Square. Others reports described how it was \"just short of\" or \"almost as tall as\" the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, the ancient tomb of the Pharaoh Khufu. Big Ben is tall, Nelson's Column is tall, including statue and column. The Giza Pyramid was thought to have been constructed as 280 Egyptian cubits or tall, although with erosion it has reduced in height by nearly 10 metres. \"Orbit\" is located in the southern area of the Olympic Park, between Olympic Stadium and the Aquatics Centre.",
"title": "ArcelorMittal Orbit"
},
{
"id": "6587135",
"text": "David A. Shugarts, who reports that the pyramid contains 689 pieces of glass. Shugarts obtained the figure from the Pei's offices. Elementary arithmetic allows for easy counting of the panes: each of the three sides of the pyramid without an entrance has 18 triangular panes and 17 rows of rhombic ones arranged in a triangle, thus giving formula_1 rhombic panes (171 panes total). The side with the entrance has 11 panes fewer (9 rhombic, 2 triangular), so the whole pyramid consists of formula_2 rhombi and formula_3 triangles, 673 panes total. The myth resurfaced in 2003, when Dan Brown incorporated it",
"title": "Louvre Pyramid"
},
{
"id": "316325",
"text": "no others. Victor Zalgaller proved in 1969 that the list of these Johnson solids was complete. Pyramids include some of the most time-honoured and famous of all polyhedra, such as the four-sided Egyptian pyramids. Stellation of a polyhedron is the process of extending the faces (within their planes) so that they meet to form a new polyhedron. It is the exact reciprocal to the process of facetting, which is the process of removing parts of a polyhedron without creating any new vertices. The figures below show some stellations of the regular octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron. A zonohedron is a convex",
"title": "Polyhedron"
},
{
"id": "16095314",
"text": "Pyramid G1-a G1-a is one of the subsidiary pyramids of the Giza East Field of the Giza Necropolis, located immediately to the eastern side of the Great Pyramid of Giza. It was built during the Fourth dynasty of Egypt. The tomb is the northernmost of the three pyramids of the queens and has a base of wide and originally a height of ; the pyramid has lost two-thirds of its original height. In the west wall of the burial chamber a small niche was dug in which were found fragments of basalt. It is also known as the Pyramid of",
"title": "Pyramid G1-a"
},
{
"id": "7328944",
"text": "Great Hypostyle Hall The Great Hypostyle Hall is located within the Karnak temple complex, in the Precinct of Amon-Re. It is one of the most visited monuments of Ancient Egypt. The structure was built around the 19th Egyptian Dynasty (c. 1290–1224 BC). Its design was initially instituted by Hatshepsut, at the North-west chapel to Amun in the upper terrace of Deir el-Bahri. The name refers to hypostyle architectural pattern. The Great Hypostyle Hall covers an area of . The roof, now fallen, was supported by 134 columns in 16 rows; the 2 middle rows are higher than the others (being",
"title": "Great Hypostyle Hall"
},
{
"id": "160501",
"text": "of the original measurements. Similarly, Howard Vyse reported the great pyramid height 148.2 m, and half-base 116.4 m, yielding 1.6189 for the ratio of slant height to half-base, again more accurate than the data variability. Modern scholars have long debated whether the Egyptians had knowledge of the golden ratio, with the many contending that its appearance in an ancient Egyptian architecture is the result of chance. Eric Temple Bell argued in 1950 that ancient Egyptians would not have had the ability to calculate a pyramid's slant height or its ratio to the height, except in one simple case: a pyramid",
"title": "Golden ratio"
},
{
"id": "3512322",
"text": "tomb for the pharaoh Djoser. Imhotep is credited with being the first to conceive the notion of stacking mastabas on top of each other, creating an edifice composed of a number of \"steps\" that decreased in size towards its apex. The result was the Pyramid of Djoser, which was designed to serve as a gigantic stairway by which the soul of the deceased pharaoh could ascend to the heavens. Such was the importance of Imhotep's achievement that he was deified by later Egyptians. The most prolific pyramid-building phase coincided with the greatest degree of absolutist rule. It was during this",
"title": "Egyptian pyramids"
},
{
"id": "15077947",
"text": "ka statue, which would have been located in the Valley temple of Khafre, was only one part of an extremely intricate system used in Egyptian funerary rituals. Located at the Pyramids of Gizeh, the necropolis included the Valley Temple of Khafre, a mortuary temple, the Great Sphinx, and a causeway leading to the pyramid of Khafre. The Great Pyramids of Gizeh (Pyramids of Giza), located on the outskirts of present-day Cairo, are three enormous pyramids for three Egyptian pharaohs with multiple smaller ones, housing the mummies of the royal family and nobles. From largest to smallest, the pyramids of Khufu,",
"title": "Khafre Enthroned"
},
{
"id": "11029101",
"text": "Buried Pyramid The Buried Pyramid (also called the Pyramid of Sekhemkhet) is an unfinished step pyramid constructed ca. 2645 BC for Sekhemkhet Djoserty. This pharaoh was the second of the Third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, which reigned over Egypt circa 2686–2613 BC and is usually placed at the beginning of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. Many historians believe that the third dynasty played an important role in the transition from Early Dynastic Period of Egypt to the Age of the Pyramids. The pyramid may be visited, but the public is not allowed access to the base and substructures. Sekhemkhet Djoserty",
"title": "Buried Pyramid"
},
{
"id": "6444160",
"text": "Gisr el-Mudir Gisr el-Mudir (Arabic:جسر المدير, \"bridge of the chief\") also known as the Great Enclosure, is the oldest known stone structure in Egypt, located at Saqqara only a few hundred metres west of the Step Pyramid and the Buried Pyramid. The function of the space is not yet clear. The structure consists of a rectangular wall oriented north-south and measuring about 650 by 350 metres. The walls consist of two outer walls made of roughly hewn limestone about 15 metres apart; the space between them is filled with crushed stone, gravel and sand. In the northwestern corner, the walls",
"title": "Gisr el-Mudir"
},
{
"id": "13350387",
"text": "Seked Seked (or seqed) is an ancient Egyptian term describing the inclination of the triangular faces of a right pyramid. The system was based on the Egyptian's length measure known as the \"royal cubit\". It was subdivided into seven \"palms\", each of which was sub-divided into four \"digits\". The inclination of measured slopes was therefore expressed as the number of horizontal palms and digits relative to each royal cubit rise. The seked is proportional to the reciprocal of our modern measure of slope or gradient, and to the cotangent of the angle of elevation. Specifically, if \"s\" is the seked,",
"title": "Seked"
},
{
"id": "4081513",
"text": "short reign. He chose to build his pyramid close to his father, it matching in style and almost as large. At the front of the pyramid's causeway lies the Great Sphinx that is said to bear his features. There is still debate on whether his Sphinx was erected before Djedefre's. Khafre's Sphinx was well-known and closer to his subjects making it harder to determine which was built first due to biased record keeping. Like many kings in this dynasty, his reign is uncertain, being projected for over 63 years but it can certainly be an exaggeration. Menkaure succeeded his father,",
"title": "Fourth Dynasty of Egypt"
},
{
"id": "156444",
"text": "north and south faces of the pyramid and measures north to south, east to west, and has a pointed roof with an apex above the floor. At the eastern end of the chamber there is a niche high. The original depth of the niche was , but has since been deepened by treasure hunters. In the north and south walls of the Queen's Chamber there are shafts, which, unlike those in the King's Chamber that immediately slope upwards (see below), are horizontal for around before sloping upwards. The horizontal distance was cut in 1872 by a British engineer, Waynman Dixon,",
"title": "Great Pyramid of Giza"
},
{
"id": "16095315",
"text": "Hetepheres I as discovered by Mark Lehner; it was originally thought to belong to Queen Meritites I. Pyramid G1-a G1-a is one of the subsidiary pyramids of the Giza East Field of the Giza Necropolis, located immediately to the eastern side of the Great Pyramid of Giza. It was built during the Fourth dynasty of Egypt. The tomb is the northernmost of the three pyramids of the queens and has a base of wide and originally a height of ; the pyramid has lost two-thirds of its original height. In the west wall of the burial chamber a small niche",
"title": "Pyramid G1-a"
},
{
"id": "5720656",
"text": "Pyramidion A pyramidion (plural: pyramidia) is the uppermost piece or capstone of an Egyptian pyramid or obelisk, in archaeological parlance. Speakers of the Ancient Egyptian language referred to pyramidia as \"benbenet\" and associated the pyramid as a whole with the sacred benben stone. During Egypt's Old Kingdom, pyramidia were generally made of diorite, granite, or fine limestone, then covered in gold or electrum; during the Middle Kingdom and through the end of the pyramid-building era, they were built from granite. A pyramidion was \"covered in gold leaf to reflect the rays of the sun\"; during Egypt's Middle Kingdom pyramidia were",
"title": "Pyramidion"
},
{
"id": "12054216",
"text": "Flight 9268 and, most recently, the 2017 Hurghada attack. 2016 was a \"tough year\" for the tourism industry in Egypt. Major tourist destinations include the millennia-old monuments in the Nile Valley. Principal among them are the Pyramids and Great Sphinx at Giza, the Abu Simbel temples south of Aswan and the Karnak Temple Complex and Valley of the Kings near Luxor. Attractions in Cairo include the Cairo Museum and the Mosque of Muhammad Ali Pasha. The coast of the Sinai Peninsula has well-visited seaside resorts, in addition to Hurghada city on the Red Sea coast and the Famous El Gouna",
"title": "Tourism in Egypt"
},
{
"id": "9194786",
"text": "the first major civilisations to codify design elements in art and architecture. Egyptian blue, also known as calcium copper silicate is a pigment used by Egyptians for thousands of years. It is considered to be the first synthetic pigment. The wall paintings done in the service of the Pharaohs followed a rigid code of visual rules and meanings. Egyptian civilisation is renowned for its colossal pyramids, temples and monumental tombs. Well-known examples are the Pyramid of Djoser designed by ancient architect and engineer Imhotep, the Sphinx, and the temple of Abu Simbel. Modern and contemporary Egyptian art can be as",
"title": "Egypt"
},
{
"id": "326147",
"text": "Pyramid A pyramid (from \"\") is a structure whose outer surfaces are triangular and converge to a single point at the top, making the shape roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense. The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or of any polygon shape. As such, a pyramid has at least three outer triangular surfaces (at least four faces including the base). The square pyramid, with a square base and four triangular outer surfaces, is a common version. A pyramid's design, with the majority of the weight closer to the ground, and with the pyramidion on top, means",
"title": "Pyramid"
},
{
"id": "963222",
"text": "Saqqara Saqqara (, ), also spelled Sakkara or Saccara in English , is a vast, ancient burial ground in Egypt, serving as the necropolis for the Ancient Egyptian capital, Memphis. Saqqara features numerous pyramids, including the world-famous Step pyramid of Djoser, sometimes referred to as the Step Tomb due to its rectangular base, as well as a number of mastabas (Arabic word meaning 'bench'). Located some south of modern-day Cairo, Saqqara covers an area of around . At Saqqara, the oldest complete stone building complex known in history was built: Djoser's step pyramid, built during the Third Dynasty. Another 16",
"title": "Saqqara"
},
{
"id": "19526272",
"text": "Pyramid of Naqada The Pyramid of Naqada, also called the Pyramid of Ombos, is part of a group of seven very similar small step pyramids, which were all erected far from the major centres of Egypt and about which very little is known. It is located about 300 metres north of the ruins of the ancient site of Ombos, near the modern city of Naqada in Upper Egypt. The first (and so far only) excavation was undertaken in 1895 by Flinders Petrie and James Edward Quibell. The pyramid measures 18.39 metres on each side and currently is about 4.5 metres",
"title": "Pyramid of Naqada"
},
{
"id": "10891217",
"text": "Pyramid of Senusret I The Pyramid of Senusret I is an Egyptian Pyramid built to be the burial place of the Pharaoh Senusret I. The pyramid was built during the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt at el-Lisht, near the pyramid of his father, Amenemhat I. Its ancient name was \"Senusret Petei Tawi\" (\"Senusret beholds the two lands\"). The pyramid was 105 meters on each side with a height of 61.25 meters; the slope of the four faces was 49° 24' degrees. The pyramid used a method of construction never before seen in an Egyptian pyramid; four stone walls radiated from the",
"title": "Pyramid of Senusret I"
},
{
"id": "754093",
"text": "by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage site. The two great temples—Luxor Temple and Karnak—and the Valley of the Kings and the Valley of the Queens are among the great achievements of ancient Egypt. From 25 October 2018 to 27 January 2019, the Museum of Grenoble organizes with the support of the Louvre and the British Museum, a three-month exhibition on the city of Thebes and the role of women in the city at that time. <br> Thebes, Egypt Thebes (, \"Thēbai\"), known to the ancient Egyptians as Waset, was an ancient Egyptian city located along the Nile about south",
"title": "Thebes, Egypt"
}
] | how many sides does the great pyramid of egypt have |
|
| [
{
"id": "17332901",
"text": "the last of them being Belgium where, until 1977, it was possible to purchase and hold a license without having to undergo a driving test. As automobile-related fatalities soared in North America, public outcry provoked legislators to begin studying the French and German statutes as models. On August 1, 1910, North America's first licensing law for motor vehicles went into effect in the US state of New York, though it initially applied only to professional chauffeurs. In July 1913, the state of New Jersey became the first to require \"all\" drivers to pass a mandatory examination before receiving a license.",
"title": "Driver's license"
},
{
"id": "11484229",
"text": ". As the number of motor vehicles reached tens of thousands, state and local governments assumed a new power: authorizing vehicles and drivers. In 1901, New York became the first state to register automobiles; by 1918 all states required license plates. States were slower to require licenses for drivers. Only 39 states issued them by 1935 and few required a test, despite widespread concern about incompetent drivers. Early motorists were taught to drive by automobile salesmen, family and friends, or organizations like the YMCA. By the 1930s, many high schools offered driver education. Some states also have additional classifications. Hawaii,",
"title": "Driver's licenses in the United States"
},
{
"id": "17332898",
"text": "on public roads in 1888 after residents complained about the noise and smell of his \"Motorwagen\". Up until the start of the 20th century, European authorities issued licenses to drive motor vehicles similarly \"ad hoc,\" if at all. Mandatory licensing for drivers came into force on 1 January 1904 after the Motor Car Act 1903 received royal assent in the United Kingdom. Every car owner had to register their vehicle with their local government authority and be able to prove registration of their vehicle on request. The minimum qualifying age was set at 17. The licence gave its holder 'freedom",
"title": "Driver's license"
},
{
"id": "17332899",
"text": "of the road' with a maximum speed limit. Compulsory testing was introduced in 1934, with the passing of the Road Traffic Act. Prussia, then a state within the German Empire, introduced compulsory licensing on September 29, 1903. A test on mechanical aptitude had to be passed and the \"Dampfkesselüberwachungsverein\" (\"steam boiler supervision association\") was charged with conducting these tests. In 1910, the German imperial government mandated the licensing of drivers on a national scale, establishing a system of tests and driver's education requirements that was adopted in other countries. In 1909, the Convention with Respect to the International Circulation of",
"title": "Driver's license"
},
{
"id": "1855302",
"text": "Horatio Nelson Jackson Horatio Nelson Jackson (March 25, 1872 – January 14, 1955) was an American physician and automobile pioneer. In 1903, he and driving partner Sewall K. Crocker became the first people to drive an automobile across the United States. Born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to American parents, Jackson graduated from the University of Vermont in 1893, became a physician, and practiced in Brattleboro and Burlington, Vermont. He was married to Bertha Richardson Wells, the daughter of William Wells, a Medal of Honor recipient and one of the richest men in Vermont as a partner in Wells, Richardson &",
"title": "Horatio Nelson Jackson"
},
{
"id": "1855319",
"text": "from 1914 called \"He'd Have to Get Under – Get Out and Get Under (to Fix Up His Automobile)\". Horatio Nelson Jackson Horatio Nelson Jackson (March 25, 1872 – January 14, 1955) was an American physician and automobile pioneer. In 1903, he and driving partner Sewall K. Crocker became the first people to drive an automobile across the United States. Born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to American parents, Jackson graduated from the University of Vermont in 1893, became a physician, and practiced in Brattleboro and Burlington, Vermont. He was married to Bertha Richardson Wells, the daughter of William Wells, a",
"title": "Horatio Nelson Jackson"
},
{
"id": "5249012",
"text": "basis of the buggy, which he began building in 1865, was a high-wheeled carriage with bracing to support a two-cylinder steam engine mounted on the floor. One of the first \"real\" automobiles was produced by Frenchman Amédée Bollée in 1873, who built self-propelled steam road vehicles to transport groups of passengers. The first carriage-sized automobile suitable for use on existing wagon roads in the United States was a steam-powered vehicle invented in 1871 by Dr. J.W. Carhart, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in Racine, Wisconsin. It induced the State of Wisconsin in 1875 to offer a $10,000 award",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "5249009",
"text": "could not carry a driver but it was, quite possibly, the first working steam-powered vehicle ('auto-mobile'). Steam-powered self-propelled vehicles large enough to transport people and cargo were first devised in the late 18th century. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot demonstrated his \"fardier à vapeur\" (\"steam dray\"), an experimental steam-driven artillery tractor, in 1770 and 1771. As Cugnot's design proved to be impractical, his invention was not developed in his native France. The center of innovation shifted to Great Britain. By 1784, William Murdoch had built a working model of a steam carriage in Redruth and in 1801 Richard Trevithick was running a full-sized",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "2921312",
"text": "wheel. Various options from which to choose were provided for customers, such as seat arrangements and a folding top. On 5 August 1888, 39-year-old Bertha Benz drove from Mannheim to Pforzheim with her sons Richard and Eugen, thirteen and fifteen years old respectively, in a Model III, without telling her husband and without permission of the authorities, thus becoming the first person to drive an automobile a significant distance, though illegally. Before this historic trip, motorized drives were merely very short trials, returning to the point of origin, made with assistance of mechanics. Following wagon tracks, this pioneering tour covered",
"title": "Bertha Benz"
},
{
"id": "17332953",
"text": "the motor vehicle must be in possession of a valid Driver's Permit on their person and is legally endorsed for that class of vehicle. Contravention to the aforementioned could warrant a fine of up to and imprisonment. The eligible age to first obtain a driver's license varies substantially from state to state, from 14 years, three months, in South Dakota to 17 in New Jersey. In a majority of states one can obtain a license that allows driving without adult supervision by age 16, after passing the requisite tests. Since the driver's license is a commonplace document that carries much",
"title": "Driver's license"
},
{
"id": "17332897",
"text": "after the recipient has passed a driving test, while in others, a person acquires a license before beginning to drive. Different categories of license often exist for different types of motor vehicles, particularly large trucks and passenger vehicles. The difficulty of the driving test varies considerably between jurisdictions, as do factors such as age and the required level of practice. In some international agreements the wording driver's permit is used, for instance in the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic. Karl Benz, inventor of the modern automobile, had to receive written permission from the Grand Ducal authorities to operate his car",
"title": "Driver's license"
},
{
"id": "5249024",
"text": "Bernardi of the University of Padua, in 1882, patented a one-cylinder petrol motor, fitting it into his son's tricycle, making it at least a candidate for the first automobile and first motorcycle;. Bernardi enlarged the tricycle in 1892 to carry two adults. The first four-wheeled petrol-driven automobile in Britain was built in Walthamstow by Frederick Bremer in 1892. Another was made in Birmingham in 1895 by Frederick William Lanchester, who also patented the disc brake. The first electric starter was installed on an Arnold, an adaptation of the Benz Velo, built in Kent between 1895 and 1898. George F. Foss",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "5249016",
"text": "his new motor. In 1834, Vermont blacksmith Thomas Davenport, the inventor of the first American DC electric motor, installed his motor in a small model car, which he operated on a short circular electrified track. In 1835, Professor Sibrandus Stratingh of Groningen, the Netherlands and his assistant Christopher Becker created a small-scale electrical car, powered by non-rechargeable primary cells. In 1838, Scotsman Robert Davidson built an electric locomotive that attained a speed of . In England, a patent was granted in 1840 for the use of tracks as conductors of electric current, and similar American patents were issued to Lilley",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "17332976",
"text": "Driver's license A driver's license is an official document permitting a specific individual to operate one or more types of motorized vehicles, such as a motorcycle, car, truck, or bus on a public road. The term \"driver's license\" is American English; the Canadian English equivalent is driver's licence, the Australian English equivalent is driver licence and in British English it is driving licence. In this article, the American terminology and spelling is used except where the section refers specifically to British practice. The laws relating to the licensing of drivers vary between jurisdictions. In some jurisdictions, a license is issued",
"title": "Driver's license"
},
{
"id": "17332896",
"text": "Driver's license A driver's license is an official document permitting a specific individual to operate one or more types of motorized vehicles, such as a motorcycle, car, truck, or bus on a public road. The term \"driver's license\" is American English; the Canadian English equivalent is driver's licence, the Australian English equivalent is driver licence and in British English it is driving licence. In this article, the American terminology and spelling is used except where the section refers specifically to British practice. The laws relating to the licensing of drivers vary between jurisdictions. In some jurisdictions, a license is issued",
"title": "Driver's license"
},
{
"id": "5249033",
"text": "the first presidential candidate to campaign in a car (a donated Mueller), in Decatur, Illinois. Three years later, Jacob German would start a tradition for New York City cabdrivers when he sped down Lexington Avenue, at the \"reckless\" speed of . Also in 1899, Akron, Ohio, adopted the first self-propelled paddy wagon. By 1900, the early centers of national automotive industry developed in many countries, including Belgium (home to Vincke, which copied Benz; Germain, a pseudo-Panhard; and Linon and Nagant, both based on the Gobron-Brillié), Switzerland (led by Fritz Henriod, Rudolf Egg, Saurer, Johann Weber, and Lorenz Popp), Vagnfabrik AB",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "5249005",
"text": "History of the automobile The early history of the automobile can be divided into a number of eras, based on the prevalent means of propulsion. Later periods were defined by trends in exterior styling, size, and utility preferences. In 1769 the first steam-powered automobile capable of human transportation was built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot. In 1808, François Isaac de Rivaz designed the first car powered by an internal combustion engine fueled by hydrogen. In 1870 Siegfried Marcus built the first gasoline powered combustion engine, which he placed on a pushcart, building four progressively sophisticated combustion-engine cars over a 10-to-15-year span that",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "11488409",
"text": "the Road Traffic Act 1998 allows a police officer to require a driver to produce a driving licence within seven days at a police station chosen by the driver. The form which was once issued in such circumstances, the HO/RT 1, was known colloquially as \"a producer\", as exemplified in Smiley Culture's hit single \"Police Officer\". Driving licence in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, a driving licence is the official document which authorises its holder to operate motor vehicles on highways and other public roads. It is administered in England, Scotland and Wales by the Driver and Vehicle",
"title": "Driving licence in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "11488399",
"text": "must self-certify their continued fitness to drive. Forklift trucks require a separate licence, issued by third-party training companies rather than the DVLA or DSA. The Union Flag has been included on UK licences since July 2015. Driver registration was introduced in 1903 with the Motor Car Act. Holders of the sulphur-yellow coloured document were entitled to \"drive a motor car or motor cycle\". The wording was changed in 1930 after which holders were allowed to \"drive or steer a motor car or to drive a motor cycle\". Shortly afterwards, the document cover was changed to a dark red colour. Holders",
"title": "Driving licence in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "1795165",
"text": "Germany in 1896. The Netherlands was the first country to introduce a national registration plate, called a \"driving permit\", in 1898. Initially these plates were just sequentially numbered, starting at 1, but this was changed in 1906. In the U.S., where each state issues plates, New York State has required plates since 1903 (black numerals on a white background) after first requiring in 1901 that only the owner's initials be clearly visible on the back of the vehicle. At first, plates were not government issued in most jurisdictions and motorists were obliged to make their own. In 1903, Massachusetts was",
"title": "Vehicle registration plate"
},
{
"id": "5249020",
"text": "Rivaz built an engine powered by internal combustion of a hydrogen and oxygen mixture. In 1826, Englishman Samuel Brown tested his hydrogen-fuelled internal combustion engine by using it to propel a vehicle up Shooter's Hill in south-east London. Belgian-born Etienne Lenoir's Hippomobile with a hydrogen-gas-fuelled one-cylinder internal combustion engine made a test drive from Paris to Joinville-le-Pont in 1860, covering some nine kilometres in about three hours. A later version was propelled by coal gas. A Delamare-Deboutteville vehicle was patented and trialled in 1884. About 1870, in Vienna, Austria (then the Austro-Hungarian Empire), inventor Siegfried Marcus put a liquid-fuelled internal",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "5249023",
"text": "29 January 1886, and began the first production of automobiles in 1888, after Bertha Benz, his wife, had proved – with the first long-distance trip in August 1888, from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back – that the horseless coach was absolutely suitable for daily use. Since 2008 a Bertha Benz Memorial Route commemorates this event. Soon after, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart in 1889 designed a vehicle from scratch to be an automobile, rather than a horse-drawn carriage fitted with an engine. They also are usually credited with invention of the first motorcycle in 1886, but Italy's Enrico",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "13203971",
"text": "he did not stand again. Wilson was not a frequent participant in Parliamentary debates, but Hansard records his first contribution in House of Commons debates as being a question in December 1900 asking the government \"to provide for the safety of the public by framing regulations to ensure that all drivers of motor cars shall submit to a test and hold a certificate as competent drivers\". Driving licences were not introduced in the United Kingdom until the 1930s. He was a Captain in the Territorial Force Reserve Yeomanry. During the First World War, he was captured and became a prisoner",
"title": "Stanley Wilson (British politician)"
},
{
"id": "2291760",
"text": "be the earliest identity document inscribed into law was introduced by King Henry V of England with the Safe Conducts Act 1414. For the next 500 years and before World War I, most people did not have or need an identity document. Photographic identification appeared in 1876 but it did not become widely used until the early 20th century when photographs became part of passports and other ID documents such as driver's licenses, all of which came to be referred to as \"photo IDs\". Both Australia and Great Britain, for example, introduced the requirement for a photographic passport in 1915",
"title": "Identity document"
},
{
"id": "9544510",
"text": "of highway construction had been pioneered by the work of two British engineers, Thomas Telford and John Loudon McAdam, and by the French road engineer Pierre-Marie-Jérôme Trésaguet. The first professional road builder to emerge during the Industrial Revolution was John Metcalf, who constructed about of turnpike road, mainly in the north of England, from 1765, when Parliament passed an act authorising the creation of turnpike trusts to build new toll funded roads in the Knaresborough area. Metcalf won a contract to build a three-mile (5 km) section of road between Minskip and Ferrensby on a new road from Harrogate to",
"title": "History of road transport"
},
{
"id": "11371957",
"text": "the first formal driving test in the UK. These licences were only valid for one year from the date of issue. Legislation for compulsory testing was introduced for all new drivers with the Road Traffic Act 1934. The test was initially voluntary to avoid a rush of candidates until 1 June 1935 when all people who had started to drive on or after 1 April 1934 needed to have passed the test. Testing was suspended during World War II, and was suspended again during the Suez Crisis in 1956 to allow examiners help to administer petrol rations. The driving theory",
"title": "United Kingdom driving test"
},
{
"id": "16525597",
"text": "member of the Royal Aeronautical Society and the Institution of Locomotive Engineers. He was also the holder of one of the first British driving licences. Dendy Marshall's birth was registered at Brentford in the fourth quarter of 1872. He was educated at Hurstpierpoint and Trinity College, Cambridge, and trained as a barrister but never practised. He died at his home Chinthurst Lodge, Wonersh, in Surrey on 14 June 1945. His collection of railway documents and memorabilia was auctioned at Sotheby's on 13 November that year. C. F. Dendy Marshall Chapman Frederick Dendy Marshall (15 November 1872 – 14 June 1945)",
"title": "C. F. Dendy Marshall"
},
{
"id": "6088717",
"text": "License to Drive License to Drive is a 1988 teen adventure film written by Neil Tolkin and directed by Greg Beeman in his feature film directorial debut. It stars Corey Haim, Corey Feldman, Heather Graham, Carol Kane, Richard Masur, Michael Manasseri and Nina Siemaszko. The film was in production in late 1987. It was released on July 6, 1988 in the United States and grossed over $20 million at the North American box office. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Les Anderson (Corey Haim) is a 16-year-old living in Southern California who tries to get his driver's license and",
"title": "License to Drive"
},
{
"id": "15610461",
"text": "Charles Brady King Charles Brady King (February 2, 1868 – June 22, 1957) was an American engineer and entrepreneur remembered as an automotive pioneer, artist, etcher, musician, poet, architect, mystic, industrialist and inventor. King was the first person in Detroit to design, build and drive a self-propelled automobile – 3 months before Henry Ford built his automobile. The \"Detroit Journal\" of March 7, 1896, reports that King drove his motor-powered vehicle down Woodward Avenue – being the first person in Detroit to build and drive such a vehicle. The \"Journal\" also reports King made and sold the first complete automobile",
"title": "Charles Brady King"
},
{
"id": "13061888",
"text": "manuals. The beginning of every manual starts with how to get a driver’s license. It informs us about what types of identification is needed, and who is eligible to apply for a license. In most states, you “must provide documentary proof of their full legal name, age, Social Security number, citizenship, or legal presence and address.” (Ohio Driver’s Manual). In all states there is a minimum age requirement for getting a driver’s permit, which later leads into receiving a full driver’s license. This age limit varies by state. “The person must also be in good general health, and can have",
"title": "Driver's manual"
},
{
"id": "17332932",
"text": "with a Gross Vehicle Weight (Maximum Authorized Mass) in excess of . Licences and Driver Certificate of Professional Competence qualification cards must be carried whilst driving vehicles in such categories. Special licences are also required in order to transport hazardous materials. Russia was one of the first countries to create a driving licence. Russia's first licences were issued in 1900 by Saint Petersburg authorities, and Russia joined an international convention in 1909. However, due to relatively small number of cars, the attempts to create a standardised Russian licence were rather sporadic and limited to major urban areas. No comprehensive system",
"title": "Driver's license"
},
{
"id": "2921321",
"text": "depicting Bertha's first trip was published by Mercedes-Benz USA. Bertha Benz Bertha Benz (, born Bertha Ringer, 3 May 1849 – 5 May 1944) was a German automotive pioneer. She was the business partner and wife of automobile inventor Karl Benz. On 5 August 1888, she was the first person to drive an automobile over a long distance. In doing so, she brought the Benz Patent-Motorwagen worldwide attention and got the company its first sales. Bertha Ringer was born in 1849 to a wealthy family in Pforzheim, Grand Duchy of Baden. Two years before her marriage to Karl Benz, she",
"title": "Bertha Benz"
},
{
"id": "11484228",
"text": "Driver's licenses in the United States In the United States, driver's licenses are issued by each individual state, territory, and the District of Columbia rather than by the federal government because of the concept of federalism. Drivers are normally required to obtain a license from their state of residence and all states recognize each other's licenses for non-residents subject to normal age requirements. A state may also suspend an individual's driving privilege within its borders for traffic violations. Many states share a common system of license classes, with some exceptions, e.g. commercial license classes are standardized by federal regulation at",
"title": "Driver's licenses in the United States"
},
{
"id": "18959226",
"text": "he took a driving examination on 27 July 1910 and received the licence with serial number 1. However, as none of the examination committee members knew how to drive, Budicki had to teach them before the examination. Budicki was also the first to receive a traffic ticket, for speeding on 6 June 1901 in Mavrova Street (today's Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk Street). Budicki entered the business of new vehicles by opening a bicycle and sewing machine shop called \"K touristu\" (\"At the Tourist's\") at Mavrova Street 24 in 1899. In the early 1900s, the shop began selling cars and motorcycles as",
"title": "Ferdinand Budicki"
},
{
"id": "11009111",
"text": "the most regular word for \"car\". The first working steam-powered vehicle was designed — and quite possibly built — by Ferdinand Verbiest, a Flemish member of a Jesuit mission in China around 1672. It was a 65-cm-long scale-model toy for the Chinese Emperor that was unable to carry a driver or a passenger. It is not known with certainty if Verbiest's model was successfully built or ran. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is widely credited with building the first full-scale, self-propelled mechanical vehicle or car in about 1769; he created a steam-powered tricycle. He also constructed two steam tractors for the French Army,",
"title": "Car"
},
{
"id": "6088726",
"text": "film. License to Drive License to Drive is a 1988 teen adventure film written by Neil Tolkin and directed by Greg Beeman in his feature film directorial debut. It stars Corey Haim, Corey Feldman, Heather Graham, Carol Kane, Richard Masur, Michael Manasseri and Nina Siemaszko. The film was in production in late 1987. It was released on July 6, 1988 in the United States and grossed over $20 million at the North American box office. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. Les Anderson (Corey Haim) is a 16-year-old living in Southern California who tries to get his driver's license",
"title": "License to Drive"
},
{
"id": "11488391",
"text": "Driving licence in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, a driving licence is the official document which authorises its holder to operate motor vehicles on highways and other public roads. It is administered in England, Scotland and Wales by the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) and in Northern Ireland by the Driver & Vehicle Agency (DVA). A driving licence is required in England, Scotland, and Wales for any person driving a vehicle on any highway or other \"road\", as defined in s.192 Road Traffic Act 1988, irrespective of the ownership of the land over which the road passes.",
"title": "Driving licence in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "6911518",
"text": "Francis Birtles Francis Edwin Birtles (7 November 1881 in Fitzroy, Victoria – 1 July 1941 in Croydon, New South Wales) was an Australian adventurer, photographer, cyclist, and filmmaker, who set many long-distance cycling and driving records, including becoming in 1927 the first man to drive a car from England to Australia. Birtles had set a speed record driving from Darwin to Melbourne the previous year. Birtles was the third child of David Edwin Birtles, an English bootmaker, and Sarah Jane Bartlett. At the age of 15, Birtles joined the merchant navy as an apprentice, but after the outbreak of the",
"title": "Francis Birtles"
},
{
"id": "4728736",
"text": "international governing body for aeronautics. However, certificates or ratings from them were not initially mandatory. The Aéro-Club de France began issuing certificates in 1910, although these were awarded retroactively to 7 January 1909. The first certificates were to established pioneers, among them Frenchman Louis Bleriot, Henry and Maurice Farman (UK) and the Wright Brothers (US). The Royal Aero Club in the UK also began the issue of its first certificates in 1910. Among the earliest recipients of the first aviation certificates were: J. T. C. Moore-Brabazon, who conducted the first flight by a British pilot in Britain; Charles Stewart Rolls,",
"title": "Pilot licensing and certification"
},
{
"id": "3758495",
"text": "as a \"professional courtesy\" to the friends and family of other police officers. This practice is not legal in most jurisdictions, but enforcement is often lax, leading to periodic scandals. There are many competing claims as to the first speeding ticket ever issued depending whether the claim goes by the first traffic violation or the first \"paper ticket\" ever issued. Great Britain may have the earliest claim with the first person to be convicted of speeding, Walter Arnold of East Peckham, Kent, who on 28 January 1896 was fined for speeding at in a zone. He was fined 1 shilling",
"title": "Traffic ticket"
},
{
"id": "5249026",
"text": "4-wheeled car. Selden filed a series of amendments to his application which stretched out the legal process, resulting in a delay of 16 years before the patent was granted on 5 November 1895. This patent did more to hinder than encourage development of autos in the United States. Selden licensed his patent to most major American automakers, collecting a fee on every car they produced. The first production of automobiles was by Karl Benz in 1888 in Germany and, under license from Benz, in France by Emile Roger. There were numerous others, including tricycle builders Rudolf Egg, Edward Butler, and",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "5792561",
"text": "Allan Williams Allan Richard Williams (21 February 1930 – 30 December 2016) was a British businessman and promoter who was the original booking agent and first manager of The Beatles. He personally drove the van to take the young band to Hamburg, Germany in 1960, where they gained the vital show business experience that led to their emergence on the world stage. Williams was born in Knowsley Road, Bootle, the son of Richard Edward Williams, a local council building inspector and Annie Cheetham, tracing part of his ancestry back to Owen Williams (Owain Gwyrfai), a Caernarfonshire millwright, poet and pioneer",
"title": "Allan Williams"
},
{
"id": "858157",
"text": "Driving Driving is the controlled operation and movement of a motor vehicle, including cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. Permission to drive is granted based on a set of conditions being met and drivers are required to follow the established road and traffic laws in the location they are driving. The origin of the term \"driver\", as recorded from the 15th century, refers to the occupation of driving working animals, especially pack horses or draft horses. The verb ' \"to drive\" ' in origin means \"to force to move, to impel by physical force\". It is first recorded of electric railway",
"title": "Driving"
},
{
"id": "11488400",
"text": "were for a period entitled to drive a vehicle of \"any class or description\". Subsequent changes saw the document list precisely those vehicle types for which holders were licensed. Competency tests were introduced by the Motor Vehicles Regulations 1935 applicable to all drivers who started driving after 1 April 1934 . Competency tests were suspended in 1939 for seven years due to the Second World War and in 1956 for one year due to the Suez Crisis. The only person in the United Kingdom who is not required to have a driving licence in order to drive is The Queen.",
"title": "Driving licence in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "13253917",
"text": "Charles Jasper Glidden Charles Jasper Glidden (August 29, 1857 – September 11, 1927) was an American telephone pioneer, financier and supporter of the automobile in the United States. Charles Glidden, with his wife Lucy, were the first (in 1902) to circle the world in an automobile, and repeated the feat in 1908. Glidden was the adopted child of Nathaniel Glidden and Laura Clark. He came from a family that had arrived in America by 1664. His professional career began at the age of 15. At 20, he was Branch Manager for the \"Atlantic-Pacific Telegraph Company\". He recognized early the potential",
"title": "Charles Jasper Glidden"
},
{
"id": "542203",
"text": "\"U.S. Route\" more often than the \"Highway\" variants. The use of U.S. Route or U.S. Highway on a local level depends on the state, with some states such as Delaware using \"route\" and others such as Colorado using \"highway\". In 1903, Horatio Nelson Jackson became the first documented person to drive an automobile from San Francisco to New York using only a connection of dirt roads, cow paths, and railroad beds. His journey, covered by the press, became a national sensation and called for a system of long distance roads. In the early 1910s, auto trail organizations—most prominently the Lincoln",
"title": "United States Numbered Highway System"
},
{
"id": "5249021",
"text": "combustion engine on a simple handcart which made him the first man to propel a vehicle by means of gasoline. Today, this car is known as \"the first Marcus car\". In 1883, Marcus secured a German patent for a low-voltage ignition system of the magneto type; this was his only automotive patent. This design was used for all further engines, and the four-seat \"second Marcus car\" of 1888/89. This ignition, in conjunction with the \"rotating-brush carburetor\", made the second car's design very innovative. His second car is on display at the Technical Museum in Vienna. During his lifetime he was",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "5249022",
"text": "honored as the originator of the motorcar but his place in history was all but erased by the Nazis during World War II. Because Marcus was of Jewish descent, the Nazi propaganda office ordered his work to be destroyed, his name expunged from future textbooks, and his public memorials removed, giving credit instead to Karl Benz. It is generally acknowledged that the first really practical automobiles with petrol/gasoline-powered internal combustion engines were completed almost simultaneously by several German inventors working independently: Karl Benz built his first automobile in 1885 in Mannheim. Benz was granted a patent for his automobile on",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "7713095",
"text": "Lands End to John o Groats, over the Semmering Pass through the snow, and became the first person to drive on a British motorway. He was first to set off on the opening of the Preston by-pass which became the first section of the new M6, in a Bond Minicar. When the Ratty was put up for sale by auction in 1960, Doug brought his friend Guy Moser into the short but intensive campaign to secure the future of the line. Moser did all the legal work when it was bought by the Ravenglass & Eskdale Railway Preservation Society supported",
"title": "Douglas Ferreira"
},
{
"id": "4572333",
"text": "J. G. Parry-Thomas John Godfrey Parry-Thomas (6 April 1884 – 3 March 1927) was a Welsh engineer and motor-racing driver who at one time held the land speed record. He was the first driver to be killed in pursuit of the land speed record. Parry-Thomas was born in Wrexham, Wales, the son of the curate of Rhosddu. The family moved to nearby Oswestry when he was five years old, and he was educated at Oswestry School. He went on to study engineering at The City and Guilds College in London. Parry-Thomas became chief engineer at Leyland Motors, a company whose",
"title": "J. G. Parry-Thomas"
},
{
"id": "5249010",
"text": "vehicle on the roads in Camborne. The first automobile patent in the United States was granted to Oliver Evans in 1789. During the 19th century attempts were made to introduce practical steam powered vehicles. Innovations such as hand brakes, multi-speed transmissions and better steering developed. Some commercially successful vehicles provided mass transit until a backlash against these large vehicles resulted in the passage of legislation such as the United Kingdom Locomotive Act (1865), which required many self-propelled vehicles on public roads to be preceded by a man on foot waving a red flag and blowing a horn. This effectively halted",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "8867915",
"text": "Henry Bauchet Henry Bauchet was a French ingénier (1879-1970) and inventor. He was born on 22 April 1879 in Frevent, Pas-de-Calais and died on 19 December 1970 in Lyon. He designed and manufactured the first prototype of modern automobile, called \"La Sirène\" from 1899 to 1907. He graduated from School of Arts and Crafts in Châlons-en-Champagne and was one of the first holders of a driving licence in France. After a life dedicated to the automobile, in 1963, in Valencia, he was knocked down by a car, which left him with a slight limp. A street in Rethel is named",
"title": "Henry Bauchet"
},
{
"id": "5249011",
"text": "road auto development in the UK for most of the rest of the 19th century; inventors and engineers shifted their efforts to improvements in railway locomotives. The law was not repealed until 1896, although the need for the red flag was removed in 1878. In 1816, a professor at Prague Polytechnic, Josef Bozek, built an oil-fired steam car. Walter Hancock, builder and operator of London steam buses, in 1838 built a 2 seated car phaeton. In 1867, Canadian jeweller Henry Seth Taylor demonstrated his 4-wheeled \"steam buggy\" at the Stanstead Fair in Stanstead, Quebec and again the following year. The",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "17332900",
"text": "Motor Vehicles recognize the need of qualifications, examination, and authorization for international driving. In 1929, the notion of International Driving Permit is addressed by international Convention. In 1949, the United Nations defined a convention on road traffic that standardised rules on roads, occupants, rules, signs, driver's licenses and such. It address the notion of driving license for a number of countries, under the wording \"driving permit\" and declares that its color should be pink. In 1968, the Convention on road traffic, ratified in 1977, further updated these agreements. Other countries in Europe also introduced driving tests during the twentieth century,",
"title": "Driver's license"
},
{
"id": "15402655",
"text": "George A. Wyman George Adams Wyman (July 3, 1877 – November 15, 1959) was the first person to make a transcontinental crossing of the United States by motor vehicle. In 1903, Wyman rode his 1902 California Motorcycle Company motor bicycle from San Francisco to New York City in 51 days, finishing 20 days before Dr. Horatio Nelson Jackson, the first person to cross the continent by automobile. Wyman was born on July 3, 1877, in Oakland, California. As a teen, he became interested in bicycle racing, which reached its zenith during the 1890s. He became a leading bicycle racer and,",
"title": "George A. Wyman"
},
{
"id": "5249025",
"text": "of Sherbrooke, Quebec built a single-cylinder gasoline car in 1896 which he drove for 4 years, ignoring city officials' warnings of arrest for his \"mad antics.\" In all the turmoil, many early pioneers are nearly forgotten. In 1891, John William Lambert built a three-wheeler in Ohio City, Ohio, which was destroyed in a fire the same year, while Henry Nadig constructed a four-wheeler in Allentown, Pennsylvania. It is likely they were not the only ones. The American George B. Selden filed for a patent on 8 May 1879. His application included not only the engine but its use in a",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "2141503",
"text": "Motor Car Act 1903 which introduced new penalties for breaking the speed limit, for reckless driving with fines, endorsements and the possibility of jail for speeding and other driving offences. The act also required drivers to hold a driving licence (which was obtained without a test on payment of five shillings) and to display a registration plate on their vehicle. By 1906, the AA had erected thousands of roadside danger and warning signs, and managed road signage until responsibility was passed to local authorities in the early 1930s. By 1926, the organisation had installed 6,500 direction signs, and 15,000 village",
"title": "The Automobile Association"
},
{
"id": "2921309",
"text": "Bertha Benz Bertha Benz (, born Bertha Ringer, 3 May 1849 – 5 May 1944) was a German automotive pioneer. She was the business partner and wife of automobile inventor Karl Benz. On 5 August 1888, she was the first person to drive an automobile over a long distance. In doing so, she brought the Benz Patent-Motorwagen worldwide attention and got the company its first sales. Bertha Ringer was born in 1849 to a wealthy family in Pforzheim, Grand Duchy of Baden. Two years before her marriage to Karl Benz, she used part of her dowry to invest in his",
"title": "Bertha Benz"
},
{
"id": "20449301",
"text": "Gokul Chand Mukerji Gokul Chand Mukerji (; 1894 – 18 December 1980) was an Indian mechanic, driver, driving instructor, and a soldier in the British army. His rank was of a sepoy. He was sent to Iraq during the first world war as a British-Indian soldier. He was the first person to bring a car into the city of Sulaymaniyah – Iraq. Also, he was the first driving instructor in the same city. He held British-Indian nationality. He received the Kingdom of Iraq’s certificate of naturalization in 1932. Later in 1936, he received the Iraqi nationality copybook. Mukerji was born",
"title": "Gokul Chand Mukerji"
},
{
"id": "4728737",
"text": "co-founder of Rolls-Royce; Claude Grahame-White, who flew the first night flight; and Samuel Cody, pioneer of large kite flying. British and French certificates were recognized internationally by the FAI. The Aero Club of America began issuing licenses in 1911, although these were not mandatory, and were more for prestige and show. The first recipients were Glenn Curtiss, Frank Purdy Lahm, Louis Paulhan and the Wright brothers. The requirement for an Aero Club ticket was to ascend in the machine and fly a course of a figure-eight at a given height. Individual states sometimes posed a mandate for a license but",
"title": "Pilot licensing and certification"
},
{
"id": "3196863",
"text": "had no appeal to me. All I wanted was to race up and down the streets in a hot rod,\" declared Muldowney. When she was 16, she married 19-year-old Jack Muldowney, who would build her first dragster. It was Jack Muldowney who first taught me how to drive a car. Jack was the mechanic. He was the guy who tuned the cars that let the girl beat all the boys. I was a kid from upstate New York with no guidance, no direction. I was headed for trouble, nothing going for me. Then I found the sport at a very",
"title": "Shirley Muldowney"
},
{
"id": "6738282",
"text": "John Henry Knight John Henry Knight (21 January 1847 – 22 September 1917), from Farnham, was a wealthy engineer, landowner and inventor. With the help of the engineer George Parfitt he built one of Britain’s first petrol-powered motor vehicles, Frederick Bremer of Walthamstow having built the first in 1892. On 17 October 1895, with his assistant James Pullinger, they drove through Farnham, Surrey, whereupon he was prosecuted for using a locomotive with neither a licence nor a man walking in front with a red flag. This is sometimes misreported as the first person to be convicted of speeding in the",
"title": "John Henry Knight"
},
{
"id": "11009113",
"text": "road vehicles were used during the first part of the 19th century, including steam cars, steam buses, phaetons, and steam rollers. Sentiment against them led to the Locomotive Acts of 1865. In 1807, Nicéphore Niépce and his brother Claude created what was probably the world's first internal combustion engine (which they called a Pyréolophore), but they chose to install it in a boat on the river Saone in France. Coincidentally, in 1807 the Swiss inventor François Isaac de Rivaz designed his own 'de Rivaz internal combustion engine' and used it to develop the world's first vehicle to be powered by",
"title": "Car"
},
{
"id": "13244548",
"text": "George W. Barrett George W. Barrett (February 28, 1887 – March 24, 1936), also known as \"The Diamond King\" and \"Bad George,\" was an American car thief and murderer who became the first person sentenced to death by hanging under a congressional act that made it a capital offense to kill a federal agent. Barrett was born in Kentucky, one of at least seven children of William Barrett and Nancy Jane Bowling. He had worked as a streetcar conductor in Cincinnati and was a \"career hoodlum, moonshiner, car thief and murderer\" prior to killing the federal agent. He was known",
"title": "George W. Barrett"
},
{
"id": "18478338",
"text": "special radio receivers and audible and visual warning devices that were able to simulate automatic steering, accelerating and brake control. It was further demonstrated on 5 June 1960, at RCA Lab's headquarter in Princeton, New Jersey, where reporters were allowed to \"drive\" on the cars. Commercialization of the system was expected to happen by 1975. Also during the 1950s throughout the 1960s, General Motors showcased the Firebirds, a series of experimental cars that were described to have an \"electronic guide system [that] can rush it over an automatic highway while the driver relaxes\". In 1960, Ohio State University's Communication and",
"title": "History of self-driving cars"
},
{
"id": "5249008",
"text": "By 1927, Ford had produced over 15,000,000 Model T automobiles. At the turn of the 20th century electrically powered automobiles became a popular alternative method of automobile propulsion although they still only comprise a small percentage of automobiles on the road today with about 3 million in use across the globe. The early history of the automobile was concentrated on the search for a reliable portable power unit to propel the vehicle. Ferdinand Verbiest, a member of a Jesuit mission in China, built a steam-powered vehicle around 1672 as a toy for the Chinese Emperor. It was small scale and",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "6896247",
"text": "Motor Car Act 1903 The Motor Car Act 1903 (3 Edw.7, c. 36) was an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament that received royal assent on 14 August 1903, which introduced motor vehicle registration, driver licensing and increased the speed limit. The Act followed the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 which had increased the speed limit for motorcars to 14 mph from the previous 4 mph in rural area and 2 mph in towns. There were some who wished to see the speed limit removed altogether. The influential Automobile Club (soon to become the Royal Automobile Club or RAC) was",
"title": "Motor Car Act 1903"
},
{
"id": "18478339",
"text": "Control Systems Laboratory launched a project to develop driverless cars which were activated by electronic devices imbedded in the roadway. Head of the project, Dr. Robert L. Cosgriff, claimed in 1966 that the system could be ready for installation on a public road in 15 years. In the early 1960s, the Bureau of Public Roads considered the construction of an experimental electronically controlled highway. Four states – Ohio, Massachusetts, New York and California – were bidding for the construction. In August 1961, \"Popular Science\" reported on the Aeromobile 35B, an air-cushion vehicle (ACV) that was invented by William Bertelsen and",
"title": "History of self-driving cars"
},
{
"id": "18478336",
"text": "reality in 1960. In 1953, RCA Labs successfully built a miniature car that was guided and controlled by wires that were laid in a pattern on a laboratory floor. The system sparked the imagination of Leland M. Hancock, traffic engineer in the Nebraska Department of Roads, and of his director, L. N. Ress, state engineer. The decision was made to experiment with the system in actual highway installations. In 1957, a full size system was successfully demonstrated by RCA Labs and the State of Nebraska on a 400-foot strip of public highway at the intersection of U.S. Route 77 and",
"title": "History of self-driving cars"
},
{
"id": "5009941",
"text": "William Phelps Eno William Phelps Eno (June 3, 1858 – December 3, 1945) was an American businessman responsible for many of the earliest innovations in road safety and traffic control. He is sometimes known as the \"Father of traffic safety\", despite never having learned to drive a car himself. Among the innovations credited to Eno are traffic regulations, the stop sign, the pedestrian crosswalk, the traffic circle, the one-way street, the taxi stand, and pedestrian safety islands. His rotary traffic plan was put into effect at Columbus Circle, New York City, in 1905, at the Arc de Triomphe in Paris,",
"title": "William Phelps Eno"
},
{
"id": "6057976",
"text": "Percy E. Lambert Percy Edgar Lambert (1881 – 31 October 1913) was the first person to drive an automobile a hundred miles in an hour. He was born in 1881, the son of Charles and Sarah Lambert. He joined Westminster City School in 1892 and lived in the Westminster area between 1893-98. Later on, he worked with his older brother Harold Charles Lambert, in the motor trade. They sold Austin and later Singer cars, in Westminster. Percy first raced at Brooklands in 1910 aged 29. He drove a Streamlined Austin called 'Pearly III'. It is said that because of his",
"title": "Percy E. Lambert"
},
{
"id": "2325380",
"text": "Barney Oldfield Berna Eli \"Barney\" Oldfield (January 29, 1878 – October 4, 1946) was an American pioneer automobile racer; his \"name was synonymous with speed in the first two decades of the 20th century\". After success in bicycle racing, he began auto racing in 1902 and continued until his retirement in 1918. He was the first man to drive a car at 60 miles per hour (96 km/h) on a circular track. Berna Eli Oldfield was born in York Township, Fulton County, Ohio, near Wauseon, on January 29, 1878, to Henry Clay, a laborer, and Sarah Oldfield. He was named",
"title": "Barney Oldfield"
},
{
"id": "2325397",
"text": "Barney Oldfield Berna Eli \"Barney\" Oldfield (January 29, 1878 – October 4, 1946) was an American pioneer automobile racer; his \"name was synonymous with speed in the first two decades of the 20th century\". After success in bicycle racing, he began auto racing in 1902 and continued until his retirement in 1918. He was the first man to drive a car at 60 miles per hour (96 km/h) on a circular track. Berna Eli Oldfield was born in York Township, Fulton County, Ohio, near Wauseon, on January 29, 1878, to Henry Clay, a laborer, and Sarah Oldfield. He was named",
"title": "Barney Oldfield"
},
{
"id": "6045998",
"text": "license status (and hence of restrictions that may apply). Receipt of a full drivers license typically requires a specific minimum age, a minimum time period of driving experience, and may require the passing of a final road test of driving skills or the passing of a hazard perception test. The first graduated driver licensing systems involving a learner licensing phase, an intermediate, provisional or probationary licensing phase, and full licensing were developed in Australia in the 1960s, but the advocacy of graduated driver licensing in North America is associated with Professor Patricia Waller, of the University of North Carolina Injury",
"title": "Graduated driver licensing"
},
{
"id": "9383272",
"text": "Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat Count Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat (7 June 1866, Paris, France – 20 November 1903, Le Cannet, France) was a French aristocrat and race car driver. He was the son of Prosper, Marquis of Chasseloup-Laubat, minister of Napoleon III, and of his American wife Marie-Louise Pilié. He is known for setting the first recognised automobile land speed record on December 18, 1898, in Achères, Yvelines, using a Jeantaud electric car. The record was set as part of a competition organised by the French automobile magazine \"La France Automobile\". He completed a single flying run in 57 seconds to give",
"title": "Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat"
},
{
"id": "6896250",
"text": "and \"Motor Car Act (1903) Amendment (No 2) bill\". Motor Car Act 1903 The Motor Car Act 1903 (3 Edw.7, c. 36) was an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament that received royal assent on 14 August 1903, which introduced motor vehicle registration, driver licensing and increased the speed limit. The Act followed the Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 which had increased the speed limit for motorcars to 14 mph from the previous 4 mph in rural area and 2 mph in towns. There were some who wished to see the speed limit removed altogether. The influential Automobile Club (soon",
"title": "Motor Car Act 1903"
},
{
"id": "5249042",
"text": "ultra-rich. Also in 1919, hydraulic brakes were invented by Malcolm Loughead (co-founder of Lockheed); they were adopted by Duesenberg for their 1921 Model A. Three years later, Hermann Rieseler of Vulcan Motor invented the first automatic transmission, which had two-speed planetary gearbox, torque converter, and lockup clutch; it never entered production. (Its like would only become an available option in 1940.) Just at the end of the vintage era, tempered glass (now standard equipment in side windows) was invented in France. In this era the revolutionary ponton design of cars without fully articulated fenders, running boards and other non-compact ledge",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "5183903",
"text": "for automobiles, and the first design of a useful oil circulation system. Clarke's initiative to place the driver on the left hand side of the vehicle was ahead of its time but eventually became the standard in much of the automotive industry worldwide. Clarke also developed the first porcelain-insulated spark plugs in America and the Autocar thread specification became the standard in the U.S. automotive industry. Clarke was also a talented photographer. His family were members of the exclusive South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club above Johnstown, Pennsylvania, whose earthen dam at Lake Conemaugh burst on May 31, 1889, causing",
"title": "Autocar Company"
},
{
"id": "6308746",
"text": "1910 in South London by Hugh Stanley Roberts. It offered hands-on training and courses in driving skills (managing the controls and road aptitude) and repair. It also offered vehicles to drivers who wished to practice. In the United States, Amos Neyhart, a professor at Penn State University, started the first high school driver's ed course in 1934 at a high school in State College, Pennsylvania. The more correct and original designation is driver education, without the possessive, as with teacher education, or driving education as with nursing education. However over time the possessive version has become dominant. Driver's education (or",
"title": "Driver's education"
},
{
"id": "5178937",
"text": "company of Chrysler. Maxwell would later become a well-known name as a line of automobiles would bear his name. King would not experience that same level of fame, though he is remembered as the first person to drive an internal combustion car on the streets of Detroit. Though the automobile industry was in its infancy, both of these men had already compiled a resume of automotive experience. Both had worked for R. E. Olds. King, who had an engineering degree from Cornell and had moved to Detroit in 1891, was the chief designer at Oldsmobile but left the company after",
"title": "Northern (automobile)"
},
{
"id": "14643611",
"text": "Bobby Meeks Bobby Meeks (Robert E. Meeks; July 17, 1921 – August 8, 2006) was an American hot rod engine builder and chief mechanic to famed hot rod driver and auto parts designer Vic Edelbrock. Meeks was pioneer in the early days of hot-rodding and was considered the first Ford flathead guru. Meeks was born in St. Louis, Missouri. When he was just 15 years old, Vic Edelbrock found Meeks hanging around his repair garage and offered him a job, asking \"wanna get your hands dirty?\" Meeks became Edelbrock's first employee and never worked for anyone else. Meeks was like",
"title": "Bobby Meeks"
},
{
"id": "4107483",
"text": "W. E. Dennison. Clark was reappointed as guardian in 1889 and retired in 1896. In 1900, Oliver Lippincott became the first to drive an automobile into Yosemite Valley. Yosemite Valley Railroad, nicknamed \"the short line to paradise,\" arrived at nearby El Portal, California in 1907. Numerous hiking and horse trails were cleared, including a walking path through Mariposa Grove. Yosemite's first concession was established in 1884 when Mr. and Mrs. John Degnan established a bakery and store. The Desmond Park Service Company was granted a twenty-year concession in 1916; the company bought out or built hotels, stores, camps, a dairy,",
"title": "History of the Yosemite area"
},
{
"id": "9490538",
"text": "American Star high-wheeler at 12 mph. In 1887 Copeland formed the Northrop Manufacturing Co. to produce the first successful 'Moto-Cycle' (actually a three-wheeler). The very first commercial design for a self-propelled bicycle was a three-wheel design called the \"Butler Petrol Cycle\", conceived of and built by Edward Butler in England in 1884. He exhibited his plans for the vehicle at the Stanley Cycle Show in London in 1884, two years earlier than Karl Benz invented his first automobile who is generally recognized as the inventor of the modern automobile. Butler's vehicle was also the first design to be shown at",
"title": "History of the motorcycle"
},
{
"id": "13545821",
"text": "themselves. The plate numbers 1-100 were assigned to various state officials. In 1927, the DMV was established as a separate department. Charles Pierce became the first Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. The first Financial Responsibility Insurance Act was passed (possibly the first Act of its kind in the United States). In 1928 after the Secretary of State suggested denying driving privileges to all of those who are under 18 years of age, a compromise was reached whereby those age 16 and 17 may apply for \"Junior Operator\" licenses, the first of which were issued in January. In 1935 the legislature passed",
"title": "Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles"
},
{
"id": "172070",
"text": "Henry Ford Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American captain of industry and a business magnate, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. Although Ford did not invent the automobile or the assembly line, he developed and manufactured the first automobile that many middle-class Americans could afford. In doing so, Ford converted the automobile from an expensive curiosity into a practical conveyance that would profoundly impact the landscape of the 20th century. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation",
"title": "Henry Ford"
},
{
"id": "13011524",
"text": "(especially when referred to as road tax) is still hypothecated. Between 1920 and 1936 the vehicle licence (tax disc) was officially known as the \"Road Fund Licence\", a term which is still in colloquial use today. The origins of the road fund can be traced back to a number of \"assigned revenues\" granted to local authorities in 1888 as part of a financial settlement to limit recurrent demands for grants from central government. In the budget of 1909, the then Chancellor of the Exchequer, David Lloyd George combined these grants into a single tax on petrol and a duty on",
"title": "Road Fund"
},
{
"id": "15838587",
"text": "1893, when J. Frank Duryea had the first road test of the car that later bore his name, since considered the first vehicle in operation in the United States. Century Motor Vehicle Company were manufacturers of both an electric model and a steam powered model from 1899 to 1903. In 1900, Herbert H. Franklin, founder of the H. H. Franklin Manufacturing Company and the first in the world in the machine die-casting business, moved his company to the \"Lipe Shop\". Later, Franklin teamed with Syracuse resident, John Wilkinson and established the Franklin Automobile Company. In February 1903, J. S. Leggett,",
"title": "Vehicle manufacturers in Syracuse, New York"
},
{
"id": "11484239",
"text": "the state of Arizona. Most states require that when a driver establishes residence in a state, he or she must obtain a license issued by that state within a certain time frame. Because there is no national identity card in the United States, the driver's license is often used as the \"de facto\" equivalent for completion of many common business and governmental transactions. As a result, driver's licenses are the focus of many kinds of identity theft. Driver's licenses were not always identification cards. In many states, driver's licenses did not even have a photograph well into the 1980s. Activism",
"title": "Driver's licenses in the United States"
},
{
"id": "20199585",
"text": "Stella married Robert \"Bob\" Mosley Yeo, a doctor who had been treating her in South Africa, and they moved to India. Stella eventually returned to South Africa with Robert Yeo. Stella Maud Mosley Yeo died in Johannesburg on 20 December 1976. The Court Treatt expedition was the first successful attempt to drive a motor car from Cape Town (\"the Cape\"), South Africa, to Cairo, Egypt. The party consisted of Stella Court Treatt, Chaplin Court Treat, Thomas A. Glover, a cinematographer, Fred C. Law, special correspondent for the London \"Daily Express\", Stella's brother Errol, Julius Mapata, the expedition's guide and translator,",
"title": "Stella Court Treatt"
},
{
"id": "20449312",
"text": "Sanskrit, Arabic, Kurdish, English, Persian and Turkish. Gokul Chand Mukerji Gokul Chand Mukerji (; 1894 – 18 December 1980) was an Indian mechanic, driver, driving instructor, and a soldier in the British army. His rank was of a sepoy. He was sent to Iraq during the first world war as a British-Indian soldier. He was the first person to bring a car into the city of Sulaymaniyah – Iraq. Also, he was the first driving instructor in the same city. He held British-Indian nationality. He received the Kingdom of Iraq’s certificate of naturalization in 1932. Later in 1936, he received",
"title": "Gokul Chand Mukerji"
},
{
"id": "4825636",
"text": "François Isaac de Rivaz François Isaac de Rivaz (Paris, December 19, 1752 – Sion, July 30, 1828) was an inventor and a politician. He invented a hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine with electric ignition and described it in a French patent published in 1807. In 1808 he fitted it into a primitive working vehicle – \"the world's first internal combustion powered automobile\". Isaac was born in Paris to a family from Valais. In 1763 the family settled in Moûtiers in Savoy (Kingdom of Sardinia). The last two boys, Anne Joseph and Isaac, came to settle in St. Gingolph in Valais. It",
"title": "François Isaac de Rivaz"
},
{
"id": "5681638",
"text": "state police department was founded, and the first driver's license was issued. Sleeper signed the State Parks Act creating the State Park system and an epidemic of the Spanish influenza was dealt with. On April 19, 1917, Governor Sleeper created the Michigan State Troops Permanent Force (Michigan State Police). In 1928, Sleeper served as a presidential elector for Michigan to elect Herbert Hoover as U.S. President. He died on May 13, 1934, in Lexington, Michigan, at the age of seventy-one and is interred at Lexington Municipal Cemetery. In 1944, Huron State Park in Caseville, Michigan, was renamed Albert E. Sleeper",
"title": "Albert Sleeper"
},
{
"id": "3758496",
"text": "plus costs. A New York City cab driver named Jacob German was arrested for speeding on May 20, 1899 for driving 12 miles per hour on Lexington Avenue in Manhattan. In Dayton, Ohio, police issued a \"paper ticket\" to Harry Myers for going twelve miles per hour on West Third Street in 1904. Another early speeding ticket was issued in 1910 to Lady Laurier, the wife of Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, for exceeding the 10 miles per hour speed limit. The fastest convicted speeder in the UK was Daniel Nicks, convicted of on a",
"title": "Traffic ticket"
},
{
"id": "1506912",
"text": "J. R. D. Tata Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata (29 July 1904 – 29 November 1993) was a French-born Indian aviator, entrepreneur, chairman of Tata Group and the shareholder of Tata Sons. Born into the Tata family of India, he was the son of noted businessman Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata and his wife Suzanne Brière. His mother was the first woman in India to drive a car and, in 1929, he became the first licensed pilot in India. He is also best known for being the founder of several industries under the Tata Group, including Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Motors, Titan Industries,",
"title": "J. R. D. Tata"
},
{
"id": "7373695",
"text": "Henry Segrave Sir Henry O'Neil de Hane Segrave (22 September 1896 – 13 June 1930) was an early British pioneer in land speed and water speed records. Segrave, who set three land and one water record, was the first person to hold both titles simultaneously and the first person to travel at over in a land vehicle. He died in an accident in 1930 shortly after setting a new world water speed record on Windermere in the Lake District, England. The Segrave Trophy was established to commemorate his life. Segrave, who was a British national, was born on 22 September",
"title": "Henry Segrave"
},
{
"id": "18478343",
"text": "project achieved the first road-following demonstration that used lidar, computer vision and autonomous robotic control to direct a robotic vehicle at speeds of up to . In 1987, HRL Laboratories (formerly Hughes Research Labs) demonstrated the first off-road map and sensor-based autonomous navigation on the ALV. The vehicle traveled over at on complex terrain with steep slopes, ravines, large rocks, and vegetation. By 1989, Carnegie Mellon University had pioneered the use of neural networks to steer and otherwise control autonomous vehicles, forming the basis of contemporary control strategies. In 1991, the United States Congress passed the ISTEA Transportation Authorization bill,",
"title": "History of self-driving cars"
},
{
"id": "8927614",
"text": "Fame. J. Frank Duryea James Frank Duryea (October 8, 1869 – February 15, 1967) and his brother Charles (1861–1938) invented the first gasoline-powered automobile in America. The brothers were born in Illinois, Charles in Canton, Illinois, in 1861 and Frank in Wyoming, Illinois, in 1869. Both graduated from high school. Charles moved to Washington, D.C., to work in the bicycle business. Frank followed closely on his heels in 1888. Two more moves in as many years brought the Duryea brothers to Springfield, Massachusetts. Charles had already earned a reputation for unusual design elements in his \"sylph\" bicycle, with a smaller",
"title": "J. Frank Duryea"
},
{
"id": "5249034",
"text": "in Sweden, Hammel (by A. F. Hammel and H. U. Johansen at Copenhagen, in Denmark, which only built one car, ca. 1886), Irgens (starting in Bergen, Norway, in 1883, but without success), Italy (where FIAT started in 1899), and as far afield as Australia (where Pioneer set up shop in 1898, with an already archaic paraffin-fuelled centre-pivot-steered wagon). Meanwhile, the export trade had begun, with Koch exporting cars and trucks from Paris to Tunisia, Egypt, Iran, and the Dutch East Indies. Motor cars were also exported very early to British colonies and the first motor car was exported to India",
"title": "History of the automobile"
},
{
"id": "18951707",
"text": "Edgar Apperson Edgar Apperson (October 3, 1870 – May 12, 1959) was an American automobile manufacturer and engineer. He, along with his brother Elmer, was the first to create one of the world's first horseless carriages, and Edgar was the first to install the anti-friction bearings and opposed cylinder gasoline engine and the first to design carburators with needle valves and originator of the double ignition system in 1904. He was born on October 3, 1870 in Howard County, Indiana, the son of Elbert and Anne Apperson. He started working with engineering and mechanics when, while attending high school, he",
"title": "Edgar Apperson"
},
{
"id": "15402664",
"text": "Oakland, CA, in the main mausoleum, Section 157, Niche 1, Tier 2. George A. Wyman George Adams Wyman (July 3, 1877 – November 15, 1959) was the first person to make a transcontinental crossing of the United States by motor vehicle. In 1903, Wyman rode his 1902 California Motorcycle Company motor bicycle from San Francisco to New York City in 51 days, finishing 20 days before Dr. Horatio Nelson Jackson, the first person to cross the continent by automobile. Wyman was born on July 3, 1877, in Oakland, California. As a teen, he became interested in bicycle racing, which reached",
"title": "George A. Wyman"
}
] | who was the first person to get a driver's license |
|
| [
{
"id": "3048319",
"text": "Townshend Acts The Townshend Acts were a series of British Acts of Parliament passed during 1767 and 1768 and relating to the British in North America. The acts are named after Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who proposed the program. Historians vary slightly as to which acts they include under the heading \"Townshend Acts\", but five acts are often mentioned: The purposes of the Townshend Acts were The Townshend Acts were met with resistance in the colonies, which eventually resulted in the Boston Massacre of 1770. The Townshend Acts placed an indirect tax on glass, lead, paints, paper,",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048331",
"text": "not passed until July 6, 1768, a full year after the other four. Lord Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, after whom the Townshend Acts were named, had died suddenly in September, 1767. Because of this, some scholars do not include the Vice-Admiralty Court Act with the other Townshend Acts, but most do since it deals with the same issues. The Act was not passed by Parliament, but by the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury, with the approval of the King, to aid in prosecutions of smugglers. The Act was passed to aid the prosecution of smugglers. It",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048354",
"text": "modification of the Townshend Duties Act was scarcely any change at all. The Townshend duty on tea was retained when the 1773 Tea Act was passed, which allowed the East India Company to ship tea directly to the colonies. The Boston Tea Party soon followed, which set the stage for the American Revolution. Townshend Acts The Townshend Acts were a series of British Acts of Parliament passed during 1767 and 1768 and relating to the British in North America. The acts are named after Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who proposed the program. Historians vary slightly as to",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048333",
"text": "were made solely by the judge, without the option of trial by jury, which was considered to be a fundamental right of British subjects. In addition, the accused person had to travel to the court of jurisdiction at his own expense; if he did not appear, he was automatically considered guilty. The first of the Townshend Acts, sometimes simply known as the Townshend Act, was the Revenue Act 1767. This act represented the Chatham ministry's new approach to generating tax revenue in the American colonies after the repeal of the Stamp Act in 1766. The British government had gotten the",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048322",
"text": "imported tea, enforced once again by the Tea Act of 1773, subsequently led to the Boston Tea Party in 1773, in which Bostonians destroyed a shipment of taxed tea. Parliament responded with severe punishments in the Intolerable Acts in 1774. The Thirteen Colonies drilled their militia units, and tensions escalated into violence in April 1775, launching the American Revolution. Following the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), the British government was deep in debt. To pay a small fraction of the costs of the newly expanded empire, the Parliament of Great Britain decided to levy new taxes on the colonies of British",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048335",
"text": "accept \"external\" taxes; the colonial position was that any tax laid by Parliament for the purpose of raising revenue was unconstitutional. \"Townshend's mistaken belief that Americans regarded internal taxes as unconstitutional and external taxes constitutional\", wrote historian John Phillip Reid, \"was of vital importance in the history of events leading to the Revolution.\" The Townshend Revenue Act received the royal assent on 29 June 1767. There was little opposition expressed in Parliament at the time. \"Never could a fateful measure have had a more quiet passage\", wrote historian Peter Thomas. The Revenue Act was passed in conjunction with the Indemnity",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048330",
"text": "in other ports as well. The Board was created to enforce shipping regulations and increase tax revenue. Previously, customs enforcement was handled by the Customs Board back in England. Due to the distance, enforcement was poor, taxes were avoided and smuggling was rampant. Once the new Customs Board was in operation, enforcement increased, leading to confrontation with smuggling colonists. Incidents between customs and officials, military personnel and colonists broke out across the colonies, eventually leading to the occupation of Boston by British troops. This led to the Boston Massacre. This was the last of the five acts passed. It was",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048324",
"text": "Stamp Act proved to be wildly unpopular in the colonies, contributing to its repeal the following year, along with the failure to raise substantial revenue. Implicit in the Stamp Act dispute was an issue more fundamental than taxation and representation: the question of the extent of Parliament's authority in the colonies. Parliament provided its answer to this question when it repealed the Stamp Act in 1766 by simultaneously passing the Declaratory Act, which proclaimed that Parliament could legislate for the colonies \"in all cases whatsoever\". This was the first of the five acts, passed on June 5, 1767. It forbade",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048325",
"text": "the New York Assembly and the governor of New York from passing any new bills until they agreed to comply with the Quartering Act 1765, which required them to pay for and provide housing, food and supplies for British troops in the colony. New York resisted the Quartering Act because it amounted to taxation without representation, since they had no representatives in Parliament. Further, New York and the other colonies did not believe British soldiers were any longer necessary in the colonies, since the French and Indian War had come to an end. However, New York reluctantly agreed to pay",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048352",
"text": "killed by a customs employee on 22 February 1770. Although British soldiers were not involved in that incident, resentment against the occupation escalated in the days that followed, resulting in the killing of five civilians in the Boston Massacre of 5 March 1770. After the incident, the troops were withdrawn to Castle William. On the 5th of March 1770— the same day as the Boston Massacre although news traveled slowly at the time, and neither side of the Atlantic were aware of this coincidence—Lord North, the new Prime Minister, presented a motion in the House of Commons that called for",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048321",
"text": "to partially repeal the Townshend duties. In March 1770, most of the indirect taxes from the Townshend Acts were repealed by Parliament under Frederick, Lord North. However, the import duty on tea was retained in order to demonstrate to the colonists that Parliament held the sovereign authority to tax its colonies, in accordance with the Declaratory Act of 1766. The British government continued to try to tax the colonists without providing representation in Parliament. Resentment and corrupt and abusive enforcement spurred colonial attacks on British ships, including the burning of the \"Gaspee\" in 1772. Retaining the Townshend Acts' taxation on",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048327",
"text": "colonists, who deemed the taxes a threat to their rights as British subjects. The use of writs of assistance was significantly controversial, since the right to be secure in one's private property was an established right in Britain. This act was the (joint) third act, passed on June 29, 1767, the same day as the Commissioners of Customs Act (see below). 'Indemnity' means 'security or protection against a loss or other financial burden'. The Indemnity Act 1767 reduced taxes on the British East India Company when they imported tea into England. This allowed them to re-export the tea to the",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048340",
"text": "discussions of the Townshend Acts, this act was initiated by the Cabinet when Townshend was not present, and was not passed until after his death. Before this act, there was just one vice admiralty court in North America, located in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Established in 1764, this court proved to be too remote to serve all of the colonies, and so the 1768 Vice Admiralty Court Act created four district courts, which were located at Halifax, Boston, Philadelphia, and Charleston. One purpose of the vice admiralty courts, which did not have juries, was to help customs officials prosecute smugglers, since",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048326",
"text": "for at least some of the soldiers' needs as they understood they were going to be punished by Parliament unless they acted. The New York Restraining Act was never implemented because the New York Assembly acted in time. This was the second of the five acts, passed on June 26, 1767. It placed taxes on glass, lead, painters' colors, and paper. It gave customs officials broad authority to enforce the taxes and punish smugglers through the use of \"writs of assistance\", general warrants that could be used to search private property for smuggled goods. There was an angry response from",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048347",
"text": "and Philadelphia, eventually joined the boycott. In Virginia, the non-importation effort was organized by George Washington and George Mason. When the Virginia House of Burgesses passed a resolution stating that Parliament had no right to tax Virginians without their consent, Governor Lord Botetourt dissolved the assembly. The members met at Raleigh Tavern and adopted a boycott agreement known as the \"Association\". The non-importation movement was not as effective as promoters had hoped. British exports to the colonies declined by 38 percent in 1769, but there were many merchants who did not participate in the boycott. The boycott movement began to",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048323",
"text": "America. Previously, through the Trade and Navigation Acts, Parliament had used taxation to regulate the trade of the empire. But with the Sugar Act of 1764, Parliament sought, for the first time, to tax the colonies for the specific purpose of raising revenue. American colonists argued that there were constitutional issues involved. The Americans claimed they were not represented in Parliament, but the British government retorted that they had \"virtual representation\", a concept the Americans rejected. This issue, only briefly debated following the Sugar Act, became a major point of contention after Parliament's passage of the Stamp Act 1765. The",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048329",
"text": "tea smuggling had become a common and successful practice, Parliament realized how difficult it was to enforce the taxing of tea. The Act stated that no more taxes would be placed on tea, and it made the cost of the East India Company's tea less than tea that was smuggled via Holland. It was an incentive for the colonists to purchase the East India Company tea. This act was passed on June 29, 1767 also. It created a new Customs Board for the North American colonies, to be headquartered in Boston with five customs commissioners. New offices were eventually opened",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048343",
"text": "before long, opposition to the programme had become widespread. Townshend did not live to see this reaction, having died suddenly on September 4, 1764. The most influential colonial response to the Townshend Acts was a series of twelve essays by John Dickinson entitled \"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania\", which began appearing in December 1767. Eloquently articulating ideas already widely accepted in the colonies, Dickinson argued that there was no difference between \"internal\" and \"external\" taxes, and that any taxes imposed on the colonies by Parliament for the sake of raising a revenue were unconstitutional. Dickinson warned colonists not to",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048345",
"text": "Circular Letter, other colonies also sent petitions to the king. Virginia and Pennsylvania also sent petitions to Parliament, but the other colonies did not, believing that it might have been interpreted as an admission of Parliament's sovereignty over them. Parliament refused to consider the petitions of Virginia and Pennsylvania. In Great Britain, Lord Hillsborough, who had recently been appointed to the newly created office of Colonial Secretary, was alarmed by the actions of the Massachusetts House. In April 1768 he sent a letter to the colonial governors in America, instructing them to dissolve the colonial assemblies if they responded to",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048336",
"text": "Act 1767, which was intended to make the tea of the British East India Company more competitive with smuggled Dutch tea. The Indemnity Act repealed taxes on tea imported to England, allowing it to be re-exported more cheaply to the colonies. This tax cut in England would be partially offset by the new Revenue Act taxes on tea in the colonies. The Revenue Act also reaffirmed the legality of writs of assistance, or general search warrants, which gave customs officials broad powers to search houses and businesses for smuggled goods. The original stated purpose of the Townshend duties was to",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048320",
"text": "and tea. These goods were not produced within the colonies and had to be imported from Britain. This form of revenue generation was Townshend's response to the failure of the Stamp Act of 1765, which had provided the first form of direct taxation placed upon the colonies. However, the import duties proved to be similarly controversial. Colonial indignation over the Townshend Acts was predominantly driven by John Dickinson's anonymous publication of \"Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania\", as well as the Massachusetts Circular Letter. As a result of widespread protest and non-importation of British goods in colonial ports, Parliament began",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048351",
"text": "that more than one regiment would be needed. People in Massachusetts learned in September 1768 that troops were on the way. Samuel Adams organized an emergency, extralegal convention of towns and passed resolutions against the imminent occupation of Boston, but on 1 October 1768, the first of four regiments of the British Army began disembarking in Boston, and the Customs Commissioners returned to town. The \"Journal of Occurrences\", an anonymously written series of newspaper articles, chronicled clashes between civilians and soldiers during the military occupation of Boston, apparently with some exaggeration. Tensions rose after Christopher Seider, a Boston teenager, was",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048328",
"text": "colonies more cheaply and resell it to the colonists. At the time, all items had to be shipped to England first from wherever they were made, and then re-exported to their destination, including to the colonies. This followed from the principle of mercantilism in England, which meant the colonies were forced to trade only with England. The British East India Company was one of England's largest companies, but was on the verge of collapse due to much cheaper smuggled Dutch tea. Part of the purpose of the entire series of Townshend Acts was to save the company from imploding. Since",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "8486176",
"text": "the thirteen colonies, Parliament passed the Townshend Acts, as part of a series of other acts, including the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and Coercive Acts. The Townshend Acts placed taxes on several important items in the Colonial economy including paper, paint, lead, glass and tea. Reaction to the Townshend Acts in the thirteen colonies was so negative that on March 5, 1770, Parliament decided to repeal most of the duties, however, they decided that the tax on tea would remain. As a result, many colonists refused to buy (boycotted) tea that came to America from England. Instead they smuggled in",
"title": "Chestertown Tea Party"
},
{
"id": "2336896",
"text": "Charles Townshend Charles Townshend (28 August 1725 – 4 September 1767) was a British politician and key figure in the causation of the American Revolution, with his establishment of the controversial Townshend Acts. He was born at his family's seat of Raynham Hall in Norfolk, England, the second son of Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend, and Audrey (died 1788), daughter and heiress of Edward Harrison of Ball's Park, near Hertford. He was a sickly child, suffered from epilepsy, and had a strained relationship with his parents. Charles graduated from the Dutch Leiden University on 27 October 1745; while there he",
"title": "Charles Townshend"
},
{
"id": "3048346",
"text": "the Massachusetts Circular Letter. He also sent a letter to Massachusetts Governor Francis Bernard, instructing him to have the Massachusetts House rescind the Circular Letter. By a vote of 92 to 17, the House refused to comply, and Bernard promptly dissolved the legislature. Merchants in the colonies, some of them smugglers, organized economic boycotts to put pressure on their British counterparts to work for repeal of the Townshend Acts. Boston merchants organized the first non-importation agreement, which called for merchants to suspend importation of certain British goods effective 1 January 1769. Merchants in other colonial ports, including New York City",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "5096618",
"text": "British forces from Boston. To this day, Boston celebrates March 17 as Evacuation Day. In 1767, the British Parliament passed the Townshend Acts, which imposed import duties on paper, glass, paint, and other common items imported into the American colonies. The Sons of Liberty and other Patriot organizations responded with a variety of protest actions. They organized boycotts of the goods subject to the duty, and they harassed and threatened the customs personnel who collected the duties, many of whom were either corrupt or related to Provincial leaders. Francis Bernard, then Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, requested military",
"title": "Boston campaign"
},
{
"id": "3048349",
"text": "angry because the captain of the \"Romney\" had been impressing local sailors, began to riot. Customs officials fled to Castle William for protection. With John Adams serving as his lawyer, Hancock was prosecuted in a highly publicized trial by a vice-admiralty court, but the charges were eventually dropped. Given the unstable state of affairs in Massachusetts, Hillsborough instructed Governor Bernard to try to find evidence of treason in Boston. Parliament had determined that the Treason Act 1543 was still in force, which would allow Bostonians to be transported to England to stand trial for treason. Bernard could find no one",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048342",
"text": "had already appropriated money to cover the costs of the Quartering Act. The Assembly avoided conceding the right of Parliament to tax the colonies by making no reference to the Quartering Act when appropriating this money; they also passed a resolution stating that Parliament could not constitutionally suspend an elected legislature. Townshend knew that his program would be controversial in the colonies, but he argued that, \"The superiority of the mother country can at no time be better exerted than now.\" The Townshend Acts did not create an instant uproar like the Stamp Act had done two years earlier, but",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048348",
"text": "fail by 1770, and came to an end in 1771. The newly created American Customs Board was seated in Boston, and so it was there that the Board concentrated on strictly enforcing the Townshend Acts. The acts were so unpopular in Boston that the Customs Board requested naval and military assistance. Commodore Samuel Hood complied by sending the fifty-gun warship HMS \"Romney\", which arrived in Boston Harbor in May 1768. On June 10, 1768, customs officials seized the \"Liberty\", a sloop owned by leading Boston merchant John Hancock, on allegations that the ship had been involved in smuggling. Bostonians, already",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "5125376",
"text": "Massachusetts Circular Letter The Massachusetts Circular Letter was a statement written by Samuel Adams and James Otis Jr., and passed by the Massachusetts House of Representatives (as constituted in the government of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, not the current constitution) in February 1768 in response to the Townshend Acts. Reactions to the letter brought heightened tensions between the British Parliament and Massachusetts, and resulted in the military occupation of Boston by the British Army, which contributed to the coming of the American Revolution. After the Stamp Act was repealed in 1766, the British Parliament imposed the Townshend Acts in",
"title": "Massachusetts Circular Letter"
},
{
"id": "20983871",
"text": "raise the funds which would pay for a high debt of British crown, accumulated during the French and Indian War. The first to protest this taxation were New Yorkers who had embargoed British imports until the Stamp Act was repealed. They were followed by Boston and Philadelphia. Stamp Act was repealed in March 1766 under the pressure from British exporters who were losing their businesses. British Parliament, however, passed many other disliked acts. The act parade proceeded by passing the Townshend Revenue Act in June 1767. It imposed new duties on goods such as salt, glass, paper, tea, coal, oil",
"title": "Boston Non-importation agreement"
},
{
"id": "3048338",
"text": "members of Parliament objected because Townshend's plan was expected to generate only £40,000 in yearly revenue, but he explained that once the precedent for taxing the colonists had been firmly established, the program could gradually be expanded until the colonies paid for themselves. According to historian Peter Thomas, Townshend's \"aims were political rather than financial\". To better collect the new taxes, the Commissioners of Customs Act 1767 established the American Board of Customs Commissioners, which was modeled on the British Board of Customs. The Board was created because of the difficulties the British Board faced in enforcing trade regulations in",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048341",
"text": "colonial juries were reluctant to convict persons for violating unpopular trade regulations. Townshend also faced the problem of what to do about the New York Provincial Assembly, which had refused to comply with the 1765 Quartering Act because its members saw the act's financial provisions as levying an unconstitutional tax. The New York Restraining Act, which according to historian Robert Chaffin was \"officially a part of the Townshend Acts\", suspended the power of the Assembly until it complied with the Quartering Act. The Restraining Act never went into effect because, by the time it was passed, the New York Assembly",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "2336903",
"text": "wit in torrents; and it was so much the worse for truth if ever truth stood in wit's way. The American towns of Townsend, Massachusetts and Townshend, Vermont were founded and named after Charles Townshend in 1732 and 1753, respectively. Charles Townshend Charles Townshend (28 August 1725 – 4 September 1767) was a British politician and key figure in the causation of the American Revolution, with his establishment of the controversial Townshend Acts. He was born at his family's seat of Raynham Hall in Norfolk, England, the second son of Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend, and Audrey (died 1788), daughter",
"title": "Charles Townshend"
},
{
"id": "151196",
"text": "He believed the Stamp Act of 1765 was an \"Act of Oppression\", and celebrated with fellow colonists its repeal the following year. In March 1766, Parliament passed the Declaratory Act, asserting that Parliamentary law superseded colonial law. Washington helped to lead widespread protests against the Townshend Acts passed by Parliament in 1767, and he introduced a proposal in May 1769 drafted by George Mason that called for Virginia to boycott English goods until the Acts were repealed in 1770. Parliament sought to punish Massachusetts colonists for their role in the Boston Tea Party in 1774 with passage of the Intolerable",
"title": "George Washington"
},
{
"id": "10574774",
"text": "tax stamp. It was enacted on November 1, 1765, with the scope of defraying the cost of maintaining the military presence protecting the colonies. Americans rose up in strong protest, arguing in terms of \"No Taxation without Representation\". Boycotts forced Britain to repeal the stamp tax, while convincing many British leaders it was essential to tax the colonists on something in order to demonstrate the sovereignty of Parliament. The Townshend Revenue Act were two tax laws passed by Parliament in 1767; they were proposed by Charles Townshend, Chancellor of the Exchequer. They placed a tax on common products imported into",
"title": "History of taxation in the United States"
},
{
"id": "20351",
"text": "in the colonies. In 1767, the Parliament passed the Townshend Acts which placed duties on a number of essential goods, including paper, glass, and tea, and established a Board of Customs in Boston to more rigorously execute trade regulations. The new taxes were enacted on the belief that Americans only objected to internal taxes and not to external taxes such as custom duties. The Americans, however, argued against the constitutionality of the act because its purpose was to raise revenue and not regulate trade. Colonists responded by organizing new boycotts of British goods. These boycotts were less effective, however, as",
"title": "American Revolution"
},
{
"id": "3048350",
"text": "who was willing to provide reliable evidence, however, and so there were no treason trials. The possibility that American colonists might be arrested and sent to England for trial produced alarm and outrage in the colonies. Even before the \"Liberty\" riot, Hillsborough had decided to send troops to Boston. On 8 June 1768, he instructed General Thomas Gage, Commander-in-Chief, North America, to send \"such Force as You shall think necessary to Boston\", although he conceded that this might lead to \"consequences not easily foreseen\". Hillsborough suggested that Gage might send one regiment to Boston, but the \"Liberty\" incident convinced officials",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "11410120",
"text": "Adams in the House was John Hancock, a new representative from Boston. Hancock was a wealthy merchant—perhaps the richest man in Massachusetts—but a relative newcomer to politics. He was initially a protégé of Adams, and he used his wealth to promote the Whig cause. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, Parliament took a different approach to raising revenue, passing the Townshend Acts in 1767 which established new duties on various goods imported into the colonies. These duties were relatively low because the British ministry wanted to establish the precedent that Parliament had the right to impose tariffs on the",
"title": "Samuel Adams"
},
{
"id": "3048332",
"text": "gave Royal naval courts, rather than colonial courts, jurisdiction over all matters concerning customs violations and smuggling. Before the Act, customs violators could be tried in an admiralty court in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, if royal prosecutors believed they would not get a favorable outcome using a local judge and jury. The Vice-Admiralty Court Act added three new royal admiralty courts in Boston, Philadelphia and Charleston to aid in more effective prosecutions. These courts were run by judges appointed by the Crown and who were awarded 5% of any fine the judge levied when they found someone guilty. The decisions",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "11469608",
"text": "Townshend Acts of 1767 and the Tea Act of 1773, had been a major cause of the American Revolution. This act noted that those taxes had \"been found by experience to occasion great uneasiness and disorders\" and that his Majesty desired \"to restore the peace and welfare of all his Majesty's Dominions\". The Act declared that Parliament would not impose any duty, tax, or assessment for the raising of revenue in any of the colonies. Parliament would only impose such duties as expedient to regulate commerce and the net income from these duties would be given to the colonies. In",
"title": "Taxation of Colonies Act 1778"
},
{
"id": "1390912",
"text": "odious Law.\" A resolution was introduced on 21 February to repeal the Stamp Act, and it passed by a vote of 276–168. The King gave royal assent on 18 March 1766. Some aspects of the resistance to the act provided a sort of rehearsal for similar acts of resistance to the 1767 Townshend Acts, particularly the activities of the Sons of Liberty and merchants in organizing opposition. The Stamp Act Congress was a predecessor to the later Continental Congresses, notably the Second Continental Congress which oversaw the establishment of American independence. The Committees of Correspondence used to coordinate activities were",
"title": "Stamp Act 1765"
},
{
"id": "11924721",
"text": "Petition to the King The Petition to the King was a petition sent to King George III by the First Continental Congress in 1774, calling for repeal of the Intolerable Acts. Following the end of the French and Indian War (the North American theater of the Seven Years' War) in 1763, relations between the colonies and Britain had been deteriorating. Because the war had plunged the British government deep into debt, Parliament enacted a series of measures to increase tax revenue from the colonies. These acts, such as the Stamp Act of 1765 and the Townshend Acts of 1767, were",
"title": "Petition to the King"
},
{
"id": "7498601",
"text": "of the 25% duty on tea that was re-exported to the colonies. To help offset this loss of government revenue, Parliament also passed the Townshend Revenue Act of 1767, which levied new taxes, including one on tea, in the colonies. Instead of solving the smuggling problem, however, the Townshend duties renewed a controversy about Parliament's right to tax the colonies. Controversy between Great Britain and the colonies arose in the 1760s when Parliament sought, for the first time, to impose a direct tax on the colonies for the purpose of raising revenue. Some colonists, known in the colonies as Whigs,",
"title": "Boston Tea Party"
},
{
"id": "18287353",
"text": "1764 Sugar Act imposed high tariff on molasses imports, followed by the 1765 Stamp Act, then the 1766 Declaratory Act, and then the 1767 Townshend Acts. Early colonial objections emphasized taxation, later ones a constitutional issue—\"no taxation without representation\". Already in 1764, it was clear that the British measures were not working. George Grenville, the King's First Minister, drafted tax legislation, but delayed it for a year. Scheduled to go into effect on 1 November 65, the Stamp Act taxed legal and commercial documents, newspapers, books, dice, and playing cards. Had the Ministry wanted to annoy all population segments, it",
"title": "1768 Petition, Memorial, and Remonstrance"
},
{
"id": "7244237",
"text": "officials effectively nullified the law. Miller wrote: The growing corruption of local officials and disrespect for British Law caused by this act and others like it such as the Stamp Act or Townshend Acts eventually led to the American Revolution in 1776. This Act was replaced by the Sugar Act in 1764. This Act halved the tax rate, but was accompanied by British intent to actually collect the tax this time. Molasses Act The Molasses Act of March 1733 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 6 Geo II. c. 13), which imposed a tax of six",
"title": "Molasses Act"
},
{
"id": "12733202",
"text": "Treason Act 1543 The Treason Act 1543 (35 Hen 8 c 2) was an Act of the Parliament of England passed during the reign of King Henry VIII of England, which stated that acts of treason or misprision of treason that were committed outside the realm of England could be tried within England. Those convicted of high treason would have their estates confiscated by the King and then be hanged, drawn and quartered. This Act received renewed attention in 1769, following protests against the Townshend Acts in colonial Boston. After determining that the 1543 Treason Act was still in effect,",
"title": "Treason Act 1543"
},
{
"id": "217520",
"text": "as the mentor and Hancock the protégé. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, Parliament took a different approach to raising revenue, passing the 1767 Townshend Acts, which established new duties on various imports and strengthened the customs agency by creating the American Customs Board. The British government believed that a more efficient customs system was necessary because many colonial American merchants had been smuggling. Smugglers violated the Navigation Acts by trading with ports outside of the British Empire and avoiding import taxes. Parliament hoped that the new system would reduce smuggling and generate revenue for the government. Colonial merchants,",
"title": "John Hancock"
},
{
"id": "2753",
"text": "a riot. In response, British troops occupied Boston, and Parliament threatened to extradite colonists to face trial in England. Tensions rose after the murder of Christopher Seider by a customs official in 1770 and escalated into outrage after British troops fired on civilians in the Boston Massacre. In 1772, colonists in Rhode Island boarded and burned a customs schooner. Parliament then repealed all taxes except the one on tea, passing the Tea Act in 1773, attempting to force colonists to buy East India Company tea on which the Townshend duties were paid, thus implicitly agreeing to Parliamentary supremacy. The landing",
"title": "American Revolutionary War"
},
{
"id": "7793694",
"text": "on 15 May and King William IV's agreement in principle to create enough new peers to build a Whig majority in the Lords which would allow the bill to pass. The Lords backed down in the face of this threat, and the Great Reform Act was passed by Parliament. It received Royal Assent on 7 June 1832. Historians debate how decisive this extra-parliamentary pressure was in securing the passage of the bill, but the period is seen as one of the times when the UK came closest to revolution. Parliamentary representation was limited and haphazard in 18th and early 19th",
"title": "Days of May"
},
{
"id": "3048339",
"text": "the distant colonies. Five commissioners were appointed to the board, which was headquartered in Boston. The American Customs Board would generate considerable hostility in the colonies towards the British government. According to historian Oliver Dickerson, \"The actual separation of the continental colonies from the rest of the Empire dates from the creation of this independent administrative board.\" The American Board of Customs Commissioners was notoriously corrupt, according to historians. Political scientist Peter Andreas argues: Historian Edmund Morgan says: Historian Doug Krehbiel argues: Another measure to enforce the trade laws was the Vice Admiralty Court Act 1768. Although often included in",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "10934006",
"text": "in Massachusetts, where implementation of the 1773 Tea Act was met with resistance that culminated in the Boston Tea Party in December 1773. The response of the British government to the publication of the letters served to turn Benjamin Franklin, one of the principal figures in the affair, into a committed Patriot. During the 1760s, relations between Great Britain and some of its North American colonies became strained by a series of Parliamentary laws (including the 1765 Stamp Act and the 1767 Townshend Acts), intended to raise revenue for the crown, and to assert Parliament's authority to pass such legislation",
"title": "Hutchinson Letters Affair"
},
{
"id": "3048337",
"text": "raise a revenue to help pay the cost of maintaining an army in North America. Townshend changed the purpose of the tax plan, however, and instead decided to use the revenue to pay the salaries of some colonial governors and judges. Previously, the colonial assemblies had paid these salaries, but Parliament hoped to take the \"power of the purse\" away from the colonies. According to historian John C. Miller, \"Townshend ingeniously sought to take money from Americans by means of parliamentary taxation and to employ it against their liberties by making colonial governors and judges independent of the assemblies.\" Some",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3345031",
"text": "Tea Act Tea Act 1773 (13 Geo 3 c 44) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The principal objective was to reduce the massive amount of tea held by the financially troubled British East India Company in its London warehouses and to help the financially struggling company survive. A related objective was to undercut the price of illegal tea, smuggled into Britain's North American colonies. This was supposed to convince the colonists to purchase Company tea on which the Townshend duties were paid, thus implicitly agreeing to accept Parliament's right of taxation. Smuggled tea was a large",
"title": "Tea Act"
},
{
"id": "1737724",
"text": "to declare victory. Mason published a response in June 1766, satirizing the British position, \"We have, with infinite Difficulty & Fatigue got you excused this one Time; do what your Papa and Mamma bid, & hasten to return your most grateful Acknowledgements for condescending to let you keep what is your own.\" The Townshend Acts of 1767 were Britain's next attempt to tax the colonies, placing duties on substances including lead and glass, and provoking calls from the northern colonies for a boycott of British goods. Virginia, more dependent on goods imported from Britain, was less enthusiastic, and, as local",
"title": "George Mason"
},
{
"id": "10934007",
"text": "despite a lack of colonial representation. These laws had sparked strong protests in the Thirteen Colonies; the Province of Massachusetts Bay in particular saw significant unrest and direct action against crown officials. The introduction of British Army troops into Boston in 1768 further raised tensions that escalated to the Boston Massacre in 1770. In the years after the enactment of the Townshend Acts, Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson and his colonial secretary (and brother-in-law) Andrew Oliver wrote a series of letters concerning the acts, the protests against them, and containing suggestions on how to respond, to Thomas Whately, an assistant",
"title": "Hutchinson Letters Affair"
},
{
"id": "862857",
"text": "In 1768, the Townshend Acts were placed upon the colonists, by which a variety of common items that were manufactured in Britain and exported to the colonies were subjected to import tariffs. Colonists objected that the Townshend Acts were a violation of the natural, charter, and constitutional rights of British subjects in the colonies. The Massachusetts House of Representatives began a campaign against the Townshend Acts by sending a petition to King George III asking for the repeal of the Townshend Revenue Act. The House also sent what became known as the Massachusetts Circular Letter to other colonial assemblies, asking",
"title": "Boston Massacre"
},
{
"id": "1976221",
"text": "series of measures to increase tax revenue from the colonies. Parliament believed that these acts, such as the Stamp Act of 1765 and the Townshend Acts of 1767, were legitimate means of having the colonies pay their fair share of the costs of maintaining the British Empire. Although protests led to the repeal of the Stamp and Townshend Acts, Parliament adhered to the position that it had the right to legislate for the colonies \"in all cases whatsoever\" in the Declaratory Act of 1766 Many colonists argued that under the unwritten British Constitution, a British subject's property could not be",
"title": "Intolerable Acts"
},
{
"id": "2336901",
"text": "through parliament resolutions for taxing several articles, such as glass, paint, paper and tea, on their importation into America, which he estimated would produce the sum of ₤40,000 for the English treasury: the Townshend Acts. He had the support of his cousin Thomas Townshend who was also a minister in the government. Soon after that he died somewhat suddenly on 4 September 1767. In August 1755 he had married Caroline Campbell (d. 1794), the eldest daughter of John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll and the widow of Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith, the eldest son of Francis Scott, 2nd Duke",
"title": "Charles Townshend"
},
{
"id": "1970881",
"text": "Townshend Revenue Act (1767); and Tea Act (1773). In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts: Second Quartering Act (1774); Quebec Act (1774); Massachusetts Government Act (1774); Administration of Justice Act (1774); Boston Port Act (1774); Prohibitory Act (1775). By this point, the 13 colonies had organized themselves into the Continental Congress and begun setting up independent governments and drilling their militia in preparation for war. In the British colonies, the three forms of government were provincial (royal colony), proprietary, and charter. These governments were all subordinate to the King of England, with no explicit relationship",
"title": "Colonial history of the United States"
},
{
"id": "2374147",
"text": "successful stratagem to divert Bernard's attention from ongoing customs seizures. Bernard's unpopularity continued through other tax measures, including the Sugar Act (1763) and the Stamp Act (1765). While the passage of both acts occasioned protest, the response to the Stamp Act included rioting in the streets, and united many factions in the province against the governor. In 1767 the passage by Parliament of the Townshend Acts again raised a storm of protest in the colonies. In Massachusetts the provincial assembly issued a circular letter, calling on the other colonies to join it in a boycott of the goods subject to",
"title": "Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet"
},
{
"id": "19801191",
"text": "contrast, many colonists viewed these acts as tyrannical, arguing that taxation without consent violated their rights as Englishmen. One common way that colonists protested this act of Parliament was through non-importation agreements and boycotts. Though the Stamp Act 1765 was repealed in 1766, the following year Parliament passed the Townshend Acts, imposing a new tax on goods such as glass and paper. Non-importation movements and boycotts resumed in protest of these additional taxes. Spinning bees were among these acts of defiance of the Townshend Acts by encouraging local production of cloth instead of purchasing imported English textiles that bore the",
"title": "Spinning bee"
},
{
"id": "5125380",
"text": "regiments of British soldiers to Boston. Arriving in October 1768, the soldiers only increased the tensions, as recorded in the anonymously penned \"Journal of Occurrences\", which chronicled the occupation. These tensions culminated on March 5, 1770 with the Boston Massacre. Massachusetts Circular Letter The Massachusetts Circular Letter was a statement written by Samuel Adams and James Otis Jr., and passed by the Massachusetts House of Representatives (as constituted in the government of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, not the current constitution) in February 1768 in response to the Townshend Acts. Reactions to the letter brought heightened tensions between the British",
"title": "Massachusetts Circular Letter"
},
{
"id": "13822540",
"text": "Massachusetts. The British sent two regiments to Boston in 1768 in an attempt to quell the angry colonists. This did not sit well with the colonists. In 1770, during the Boston Massacre, the army killed several people in response to a mob in Boston. The colonists compelled the British to withdraw their troops. The event was widely publicized and fueled a revolutionary movement in America. In 1773, Britain passed the Tea Act. Many of the colonists saw the act as an attempt to force them to accept the taxes established by the Townshend Acts. The act prompted the Boston Tea",
"title": "Boston"
},
{
"id": "9989127",
"text": "in April 1768 to focus on his law practice. The family rented a clapboard house on Brattle Street that was known locally as the \"White House\". He, Abigail, and the children lived there for a year, then moved to Cold Lane; still later, they moved again to a larger house in Brattle Square in the center of the city. With the death of Jeremiah Gridley and mental collapse of Otis, Adams became Boston's most prominent lawyer. Britain's passage of the Townshend Acts in 1767 revived tensions, and an increase in mob violence led the British to dispatch more troops to",
"title": "John Adams"
},
{
"id": "3048334",
"text": "impression that because the colonists had objected to the Stamp Act on the grounds that it was a direct (or \"internal\") tax, colonists would therefore accept indirect (or \"external\") taxes, such as taxes on imports. With this in mind, Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, devised a plan that placed new duties on paper, paint, lead, glass, and tea that were imported into the colonies. These were items that were not produced in North America and that the colonists were only allowed to buy from Great Britain. The colonists' objection to \"internal\" taxes did not mean that they would",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3345039",
"text": "cost of tea in the colonies, undercutting the prices charged for smuggled tea. Colonists would willingly pay for cheaper Company tea, on which the Townshend tax was still collected, thus legitimizing Parliament's ability to tax the colonies. The Act, which received the royal assent on May 10, 1773, contained the following provisions: Proposals were made that the Townshend tax also be waived, but North opposed this idea, citing the fact that those revenues were used to pay the salaries of crown officials in the colonies. The Company was granted license by the North administration to ship tea to major American",
"title": "Tea Act"
},
{
"id": "1734557",
"text": "that year; his request and the assembly's petition would not be heard until early 1774. In the meantime, Parliament had repealed most of the Townshend taxes (keeping only the one on tea), and passed the Tea Act, which authorised the British East India Company to ship tea directly to the colonies, eliminating colonial merchants from its supply chain and undercutting the price of smuggled Dutch tea. This caused colonial merchants all over the North American colonies to organise opposition to the deliveries of the company's tea. In Massachusetts the arrival of ships carrying tea in November 1773 brought about a",
"title": "Thomas Hutchinson (governor)"
},
{
"id": "9709716",
"text": "occupation of Boston arose from colonial resistance to the Townshend Acts, passed by the British Parliament in 1767. In response to the acts, the Massachusetts House of Representatives issued the Massachusetts Circular Letter in February 1768. Also written primarily by Samuel Adams, the circular letter argued that the Townshend Acts were a violation of the British Constitution because they taxed British subjects without their having a say in the matter. Lord Hillsborough, British Secretary of State for the colonies, ordered the Massachusetts House to revoke the circular letter. But the legislature refused. In addition to this act of colonial defiance,",
"title": "Journal of Occurrences"
},
{
"id": "18287354",
"text": "could not have done a better job. After the 1765 Virginia Resolves appeared in colonial newspapers, merchants refused to buy the required stamps. Parliament repealed the Stamp Act on 18 March 66. Although official news of the Townshend Acts reached North America in September 67, organized colonial protests began only in 1768. Between 2 December 67 and 15 February 68, the Pennsylvania Chronicle published twelve articles by John Dickinson—his Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, arguing that \"Parliament had no right to impose taxes, only duties to encourage and regulate trade\". These letters were reprinted throughout colonial America. On 20",
"title": "1768 Petition, Memorial, and Remonstrance"
},
{
"id": "7477408",
"text": "related expenditure, such as the cost of acquiring land outside the main redevelopment areas. Later revisions of the Act were legislated in 1962, 1971 and 1990. Whilst the 1990 Act is the current legislation, this Act has been substantially amended and added to, especially in 1991, 2004, 2008 and 2011. Town and Country Planning Act 1947 The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. VI c. 51) was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom passed by the Labour government led by Clement Attlee. It came into effect on 1 July 1948, and along with the",
"title": "Town and Country Planning Act 1947"
},
{
"id": "2114914",
"text": "manners were almost irresistible. He spent his later years at Brookmans Park in Hertfordshire. Somers died on the day the Septennial Bill—which extended the maximum life of parliaments from three years to seven—passed the Commons. A story, possibly apocryphal, goes that Lord Townshend visited Somers during his last illness, with Somers saying to Townshend on his death bed: I have just heard of the work in which you are engaged, and [I] congratulate you upon it. I never approved the Triennial Bill, and always considered it, in effect, the reverse of what it was intended. You have my hearty approbation",
"title": "John Somers, 1st Baron Somers"
},
{
"id": "9654738",
"text": "New South Wales Act 1823 The New South Wales Act 1823 (4 Geo. IV c. 96) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom with the long title \"An Act to provide, until the First Day of July One thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven, and until the End of the next Session of Parliament, for the better Administration of Justice in New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land, and for the more effectual Government thereof and for other Purposes relating thereto\". The Act was passed in response to growing criticism in the colony of New South Wales of",
"title": "New South Wales Act 1823"
},
{
"id": "11410121",
"text": "colonies before raising them. Revenues from these duties were to be used to pay for governors and judges who would be independent of colonial control. To enforce compliance with the new laws, the Townshend Acts created a customs agency known as the American Board of Custom Commissioners, which was headquartered in Boston. Resistance to the Townshend Acts grew slowly. The General Court was not in session when news of the acts reached Boston in October 1767. Adams therefore used the Boston Town Meeting to organize an economic boycott, and called for other towns to do the same. By February 1768,",
"title": "Samuel Adams"
},
{
"id": "14085245",
"text": "Observance of 5th November Act 1605 The Observance of 5th November Act 1605, also known as the \"Thanksgiving Act\", was an Act of the Parliament of England passed in 1606 in the aftermath of the Gunpowder Plot. The originating Bill was drafted and introduced on 23 January 1605/06 by Edward Montagu and called for a public, annual thanksgiving for the failure of the plot. It required church ministers to hold a special service of Thanksgiving annually on 5 November, during which the text of the act was to be read out loud. Everyone was required to attend, and to remain",
"title": "Observance of 5th November Act 1605"
},
{
"id": "15404022",
"text": "Virginia Association The Virginia Association was a series of non-importation agreements adopted by Virginians in 1769 as a way of speeding economic recovery and opposing the Townshend Acts. Drafted by George Mason and passed by the Virginia House of Burgesses in May 1769, the Virginia Association was a way for Virginians to stand united against continued British taxation and trade control. The Virginia Association served as the framework and precursor to the larger more powerful Continental Association. The adoption of the Virginia Association resolutions was preceded by a push from northern Virginians for expanded domestic industry. Starting in the mid-1760s,",
"title": "Virginia Association"
},
{
"id": "16659828",
"text": "Parliamentary Elections Act 1868 The Parliamentary Elections Act 1868 (31 & 32 Vict. c. 125), sometimes known as the Election Petitions and Corrupt Practices at Elections Act or simply the Corrupt Practices Act 1868, is an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament, since repealed. The effect of the Act was to transfer responsibility for trying election petitions from the House of Commons to the Judges of the High Court of Justice. The Act was designed to, and did, provide a more effective measure for preventing corruption and fraud in Parliamentary elections. The 1865 general election was regarded by contemporaries as",
"title": "Parliamentary Elections Act 1868"
},
{
"id": "16940611",
"text": "Quarantine Act 1721 The Quarantine Act 1721 was a health protection measure passed by the Parliament of Great Britain. During the 18th century, the age of empire and sailing ships in England, outbreaks of diseases such as plague, cholera, and yellow fever seemed to travel from country to country very rapidly. Parliament responded to this threat by establishing the Quarantine Act in 1721 (8 Geo, c.10). The first clause of the act reads: Whereas the parliament begun and holden at Westminster in the ninth year of her late majesty Queen Anne an act passed, intituled. An act to oblige ships",
"title": "Quarantine Act 1721"
},
{
"id": "485271",
"text": "by Parliament to make them official. The different Acts of this series are distinguished by appending the year of their enactment. BNA Acts were passed in 1867, 1871, 1886, 1907, 1915, 1916*, 1930, 1940, 1943*, 1946*, 1949, 1949 (No. 2)*, 1951*, 1952*, 1960, 1964, 1965, 1974, 1975 and 1975 (No. 2). Those marked with (*) have since been repealed. Five of the British North America Acts were enacted by the Parliament of Canada; namely those of 1952, 1965, 1974, 1975, and 1975 (No. 2). The other fifteen were enacted by the Imperial Parliament in London. The first Act, the British",
"title": "British North America Acts"
},
{
"id": "3048344",
"text": "concede to the taxes just because the rates were low, since this would set a dangerous precedent. Dickinson sent a copy of his \"Letters\" to James Otis of Massachusetts, informing Otis that \"whenever the Cause of American Freedom is to be vindicated, I look towards the Province of Massachusetts Bay\". The Massachusetts House of Representatives began a campaign against the Townshend Acts by first sending a petition to King George asking for the repeal of the Revenue Act, and then sending a letter to the other colonial assemblies, asking them to join the resistance movement. Upon receipt of the Massachusetts",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "3218193",
"text": "Judicature Acts The Judicature Acts are a series of Acts of Parliament, beginning in the 1870s, which aimed to fuse the hitherto split system of courts in England and Wales. The first two Acts were the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873 (36 & 37 Vict c. 66) and the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict c. 77), with a further series of amending acts (12 in all by 1899). By the Act of 1873 (ss. 3, 4), the Court of Chancery, the Court of Queen's Bench (known as the King's Bench when there is a",
"title": "Judicature Acts"
},
{
"id": "5768386",
"text": "Government of India Act 1935 The Government of India Act, 1935 was originally passed in August 1935 (25 & 26 Geo. 5 c. 42), and is said to be the longest Act (British) of Parliament ever enacted by that time, surpassed only by the Greater London Authority Act 1999 64 years later. Because of its length, the Act was retroactively split by the Government of India Act, 1935 (Re-printed) (26 Geo. 5 & 1 Edw. 8 c. 1) into two separate Acts: References in the literature on Indian political and constitutional history are usually to the shortened Government of India",
"title": "Government of India Act 1935"
},
{
"id": "2178244",
"text": "Boston Port Act The Boston Port Act was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which became law on March 31, 1774, and took effect on June 1, 1774. It was one of five measures (variously called the \"Intolerable Acts\", the \"Punitive Acts\" or the \"Coercive Acts\") that were enacted during the spring of 1774 to punish Boston for the Boston Tea Party. The Act was a response to the Boston Tea Party. King George III's speech of 7 March 1774 charged the colonists with attempting to injure British commerce and subvert the Constitution, and on the 18th Lord",
"title": "Boston Port Act"
},
{
"id": "3048353",
"text": "partial repeal of the Townshend Revenue Act. Although some in Parliament advocated a complete repeal of the act, North disagreed, arguing that the tea duty should be retained to assert \"the right of taxing the Americans\". After debate, the Repeal Act received the Royal Assent on 12 April 1770. Historian Robert Chaffin argued that little had actually changed: It would be inaccurate to claim that a major part of the Townshend Acts had been repealed. The revenue-producing tea levy, the American Board of Customs and, most important, the principle of making governors and magistrates independent all remained. In fact, the",
"title": "Townshend Acts"
},
{
"id": "2410843",
"text": "could be a permanent breach. Pownall was opposed to Lord North's partial repeal in 1770 of the hated Townshend Acts, in which the tax on tea was retained as a symbol of Parliamentary power. In debate on the act, Pownall pointed out that retention of the tax would be a \"millstone\" around English necks rather than a yoke on American ones, and that it would lead to civil war. His speech was delivered March 5, 1770, the day of the Boston Massacre. Dispirited by his view that Parliament failed to understand the American colonial issues, he urged his colonial correspondents",
"title": "Thomas Pownall"
},
{
"id": "10574775",
"text": "the American Colonies, such as lead, paper, paint, glass, and tea. In contrast to the Stamp Act of 1765, the laws were not a direct tax that people paid daily, but a tax on imports that was collected from the ship's captain when he unloaded the cargo. The Townshend Acts also created three new admiralty courts to try Americans who ignored the laws. The tax on sugar, cloth and coffee. These were non-British exports. The Tea Act of 1773 received the royal assent on May 10, 1773. This act was a \"drawback on duties and tariffs\" on tea. The act",
"title": "History of taxation in the United States"
},
{
"id": "11328115",
"text": "purchase imported luxuries. The Stamp Act of 1765 resulted in a boycott on imported goods by many merchants, which was further strengthened by the passage of the Townshend Act of 1767. These boycotts, however, were short lived, to the dismay of more radical colonists who hoped to take control of superficial goods imported by the English and imports from the West Indies. Once the Townshend Act was repealed, colonists flocked back to markets to purchase non-essentials. The enforcement of the Tea Act of 1773 became a heated issue with the colonists, with the well-known demonstration at the Boston harbor, the",
"title": "Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies"
},
{
"id": "13719068",
"text": "Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1919 The Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1919 (c 35) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was also known as the \"Addison Act\" after Minister of Health, Dr Christopher Addison, the-then Minister for Housing. The Act was passed to allow the building of new houses after the First World War, and marked the start of a long twentieth century tradition of state-owned housing, which would much later evolve into council estates. The Act followed the 1917 Tudor Walters Committee Report into the provision of housing in the United Kingdom, commissioned",
"title": "Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1919"
},
{
"id": "18287350",
"text": "by the Townshend Acts. Modern notions of political independence and citizens' rights descend from the 1689 English Bill of Rights. \"No taxation without representation\" comes from its fourth provision. This English Bill of Rights was not the first such manifesto. In 1683, the Assembly of New York had passed a similar Charter of Liberties and Privileges asserting that \"supreme legislative power should forever be and reside in the Governor, council and people, met in general assembly\", and enumerated citizen's rights—taxation voted only by citizen's representatives, trial by peers, exemption from martial law and quartering of soldiers, and religious toleration. After",
"title": "1768 Petition, Memorial, and Remonstrance"
},
{
"id": "17757568",
"text": "Government of India Act, 1915 The Government of India Act 1915 was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which consolidated prior Acts of Parliament concerning British India into a single act. It was passed in July 1915 and went into effect on 1 January 1916 (5 & 6 Geo. V, c. 61). The act repealed 47 prior acts of Parliament, starting with an act of 1770, and replaced them with a single act containing 135 sections and five schedules. It was introduced first to the House of Lords, where it was referred to a joint committee of",
"title": "Government of India Act, 1915"
},
{
"id": "17757566",
"text": "Government of India Act, 1915 The Government of India Act 1915 was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which consolidated prior Acts of Parliament concerning British India into a single act. It was passed in July 1915 and went into effect on 1 January 1916 (5 & 6 Geo. V, c. 61). The act repealed 47 prior acts of Parliament, starting with an act of 1770, and replaced them with a single act containing 135 sections and five schedules. It was introduced first to the House of Lords, where it was referred to a joint committee of",
"title": "Government of India Act, 1915"
},
{
"id": "562105",
"text": "The subsequent history of Parliament, however, shows that the influence of the Lords was largely undiminished. They compelled the Commons to accept significant amendments to the Municipal Reform Bill in 1835, forced compromises on Jewish emancipation, and successfully resisted several other bills supported by the public. It would not be until decades later, culminating in the Parliament Act 1911, that Wellington's fears would come to pass. During the ensuing years, Parliament adopted several more minor reforms. Acts of Parliament passed in 1835 and 1836 increased the number of polling places in each constituency, and reduced polling to a single day.",
"title": "Reform Act 1832"
},
{
"id": "5598918",
"text": "Contagious Diseases Acts The Contagious Diseases Acts, also known as the CD Acts, were originally passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1864 (27 & 28 Vict. c. 85), with alterations and editions made in 1866 (29 & 30 Vict. c. 35) and 1869 (32 & 33 Vict. c. 96). In 1862, a committee was established to inquire into venereal disease (i.e. sexually transmitted infections) in the armed forces. On its recommendation the first Contagious Diseases Act was passed. The legislation allowed police officers to arrest women suspected of being prostitutes in certain ports and army towns. The",
"title": "Contagious Diseases Acts"
},
{
"id": "9436088",
"text": "a wealthy Virginia plantation owner; as such he also served in the Virginia House of Burgesses. Although he expressed opposition to the 1765 Stamp Act, the first direct tax on the colonies, he did not take a leading role in the growing colonial resistance until protests of the Townshend Acts (enacted in 1767) became widespread. In May 1769, Washington introduced a proposal, drafted by his friend George Mason, calling for Virginia to boycott British goods until the Acts were repealed. Parliament repealed the Townshend Acts in 1770, and, for Washington at least, the crisis had passed. However, Washington regarded the",
"title": "George Washington in the American Revolution"
},
{
"id": "1976218",
"text": "Intolerable Acts The Intolerable Acts were punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party. The laws were meant to punish the Massachusetts colonists for their defiance in the Tea Party protest in reaction to changes in taxation by the British to the detriment of colonial goods. In Great Britain, these laws were referred to as the Coercive Acts. The acts took away self-governance and historic rights of Massachusetts, triggering outrage and resistance in the Thirteen Colonies. They were key developments in the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War in April, 1775. Four of the",
"title": "Intolerable Acts"
},
{
"id": "4008093",
"text": "the Lords that the \"ayes\" had fifty-seven and the \"nays\" had fifty-five, a total of 112, but the same minutes also state that only 107 Lords had attended that sitting. The King arrived shortly thereafter and gave Royal Assent before proroguing Parliament. The Act is now stored in the Parliamentary Archives. The \"Habeas Corpus Act 1679\" and the later acts of 1803, 1804, 1816 and 1862 were reprinted in New Zealand as Imperial Acts in force in New Zealand in 1881. Habeas Corpus Act 1679 The Habeas Corpus Act 1679 is an Act of Parliament in England (31 Cha. 2",
"title": "Habeas Corpus Act 1679"
},
{
"id": "9355351",
"text": "Public Health Act 1875 The Public Health Act 1875 (c 55) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, one of the Public Health Acts, and a significant step in the advance of public health in Britain. Its purpose was to codify previous measures aimed at combating filthy urban living conditions, which caused various health threats, including the spread of many diseases such as cholera and typhus. Reformers had since the 1830s wanted to resolve sanitary problems in urban areas, because sewage was flowing down the street daily, including the presence of sewage in living quarters. In 1848",
"title": "Public Health Act 1875"
},
{
"id": "3345032",
"text": "issue for Britain and the East India company, since approximately 86% of all the tea in America at the time was smuggled Dutch tea. The Act granted the Company the right to directly ship its tea to North America and the right to the duty-free export of tea from Britain, although the tax imposed by the Townshend Acts and collected in the colonies remained in force. It received the royal assent on May 10, 1773. Colonists in the Thirteen Colonies recognized the implications of the Act's provisions, and a coalition of merchants, smugglers, and artisans similar to that which had",
"title": "Tea Act"
},
{
"id": "14698197",
"text": "the early 1770s, the credit boom, supported by merchants and bankers, facilitated the expansion of manufacturing, mining and internal improvements in both Britain and the thirteen colonies. Until the outbreak of the credit crisis, the period from 1770 to 1772 was considered prosperous and politically calm in both Britain and the American colonies. As the result of the Townshend Act and the breakdown of the Non-importation Act, the period was marked with a tremendous growth in exports from Britain to the American colonies. As shown in the graph (Fig. 1), exports to North America, represented by the red line, increased",
"title": "Crisis of 1772"
}
] | when did the british parliament pass the townshend acts |
|
| [
{
"id": "66673",
"text": "Leninist principle of \"democratic centralism\", but critics describe the elected National People's Congress as a \"rubber stamp\" body. The President is the titular head of state, elected by the National People's Congress. The Premier is the head of government, presiding over the State Council composed of four vice premiers and the heads of ministries and commissions. The incumbent president is Xi Jinping, who is also the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, making him China's paramount leader. The incumbent premier is Li Keqiang, who is also a senior member of",
"title": "China"
},
{
"id": "4518916",
"text": "On March 18, 2018, Li was reappointed Premier of China after receiving 2,964 votes in favour and just two against by the National People's Congress. Li is married to Cheng Hong, a professor at Capital University of Economics and Business in Beijing. His father-in-law was once the deputy secretary of the Communist Youth League Central Committee. He speaks conversational English. Li Keqiang Li Keqiang (; Mandarin: ; born 1 July 1955) is a Chinese politician who is the current Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. An economist by trade, Li is China's head of government",
"title": "Li Keqiang"
},
{
"id": "175302",
"text": "China, no successor was named, so the duties of the head of state were transferred collectively to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. This situation was later changed: the Head of State of the PRC is now the President of the People's Republic of China. In North Korea, the late Kim Il-sung was named \"Eternal President\" 4 years after his death and the presidency was abolished. As a result, some of the duties previously held by the President are constitutionally delegated to the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, who performs some of the roles",
"title": "Head of state"
},
{
"id": "6504681",
"text": "is officially regarded as an institution of the state rather than an administrative post; theoretically, the president serves at the pleasure of the National People's Congress, the legislature, and is not legally vested to take executive action on its own prerogative. The current president is Xi Jinping, who took office in March 2013. The office was first established in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China in 1954 and successively held by Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi. Liu fell into political disgrace during the Cultural Revolution, after which the office became vacant. The office was abolished under the Constitution",
"title": "Government of China"
},
{
"id": "175253",
"text": "leader's post as Chairman of the National Defense Commission was simultaneously declared \"the highest post of the state\", not unlike Deng Xiaoping earlier in the People's Republic of China. While clear categories do exist, it is sometimes difficult to choose which category some individual heads of state belong to. In reality, the category to which each head of state belongs is assessed not by theory but by practice. Constitutional change in Liechtenstein in 2003 gave its head of state, the Reigning Prince, constitutional powers that included a veto over legislation and power to dismiss the head of government and cabinet.",
"title": "Head of state"
},
{
"id": "310023",
"text": "the Ideological Sphere, was a document circulated in China in 2013 to warn the citizens of China against some western values such as media freedom. The president of China is the highest position of the country and is the ceremonial figurehead of the National People's Congress. Currently Xi Jinping is the president of China and the chairman of the Central military commission. The government is divided into three primary groups of state power: the National People's Congress (NPC), the President, and the State Council. Members of the State Council include the Premier, four vice premiers, five state councilors and 29",
"title": "Geography of China"
},
{
"id": "19013384",
"text": "the legislature, and is not legally vested to take executive action on its own prerogative. The current President is Xi Jinping, who took office in March 2013. Since 1993, apart from brief periods of transition, the top leader of China simultaneously serves as the President, the leader of the party, and the commander-in-chief of the military (as Chairman of the Central Military Commission). This individual then carries out different duties under separate titles. For example, the leader meets foreign dignitaries and receives ambassadors in his capacity as President, issues military directives as Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and upholds",
"title": "President of the People's Republic of China"
},
{
"id": "714690",
"text": "President of the Republic of China The President of the Republic of China, is the head of state of the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan. Since 1996, the President is directly elected by plurality voting to a four-year term, with at most one re-election. The incumbent, Tsai Ing-Wen, succeeded Ma Ying-jeou on 20 May 2016 as the first female president in the nation's history. Originally established in Nanking in 1912, the Republic of China and its president relocated to Taiwan in 1949 after losing the Chinese civil war. The president is currently elected by a plurality voting direct",
"title": "President of the Republic of China"
},
{
"id": "4518886",
"text": "Li Keqiang Li Keqiang (; Mandarin: ; born 1 July 1955) is a Chinese politician who is the current Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. An economist by trade, Li is China's head of government as well as one of the leading figures behind China's Financial and Economic Affairs, Foreign Affairs, National Security and Deepening Reforms. He is also the second-ranked member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China, the \"de facto\" top decision-making body of the country. Li is a major part of the \"fifth generation of Chinese leadership\" along",
"title": "Li Keqiang"
},
{
"id": "6504676",
"text": "the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the party's top anti-graft body, and the first-ranked secretary of the secretariat have consistently also been members of the Politburo Standing Committee. Power is concentrated in the Paramount leader, currently Xi Jinping, who heads the four most important political and state offices: He is General Secretary of the Communist Party, general secretary of the Central Committee, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and President of the PRC. Recently, experts have observed growing limitations to the Paramount leader's \"de facto\" control over the government. The Constitution",
"title": "Government of China"
},
{
"id": "6504682",
"text": "of 1975, then reinstated in the Constitution of 1982, but with reduced powers. The official English-language translation of the title was \"Chairman\"; after 1982, this translation was changed to \"President\", although the Chinese title remains unchanged. In March 2018, presidential term limits were abolished. The State Council is the chief authority of the People's Republic of China. It is appointed by the National People's Congress and is chaired by the Premier and includes the heads of each governmental department and agency. There are about 50 members in the council. In the politics of the People's Republic of China, the Central",
"title": "Government of China"
},
{
"id": "175225",
"text": "Head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state. Depending on the country's form of government and separation of powers, the head of state may be a ceremonial figurehead or concurrently the head of government. In the parliamentary system the head of state is the \"de jure\" leader of the nation, because the leader \"de facto\" is the prime minister. In contrast, the semi-presidential system has both heads of state and government as the leaders \"de facto\" of the nation (in practice",
"title": "Head of state"
},
{
"id": "10005979",
"text": "New Year's Gala in 1982, when she performed \"On the Plains of Hope\". Peng has been married to Xi Jinping for over 25 years. Together they have a daughter named Xi Mingze () born in 1992, nicknamed Xiao Muzi (). For the greater part of their relationship, Peng has enjoyed a very positive reputation within China, comparable to that of her politician husband. Since her husband became General Secretary of the Communist Party (\"de facto\" paramount leader) in November 2012, and Chinese President (\"de jure\" head of state) in March 2013, the American press refers to her as the First",
"title": "Peng Liyuan"
},
{
"id": "540880",
"text": "influence over the true ruler, which is quite common in monarchies. Some examples of these de facto rulers are Empress Dowager Cixi of China (for son Tongzhi and nephew Guangxu Emperors), Prince Alexander Menshikov (for his former lover Empress Catherine I of Russia), Cardinal Richelieu of France (for Louis XIII) and Queen Marie Caroline of Naples and Sicily (for her husband King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies). The term \"de facto head of state\" is sometimes used to describe the office of a governor general in the Commonwealth realms, since a holder of that office has the same responsibilities",
"title": "De facto"
},
{
"id": "6504680",
"text": "the CPPCC, and these annual meetings provide an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and present future plans to the nation. The fourth session of the 12th NPC was held from March 5 to March 16, 2016. The President of the People's Republic of China is the head of state. Under the PRC's constitution, the presidency is a largely ceremonial office with limited powers. However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, top leader in one party system. The office",
"title": "Government of China"
},
{
"id": "175298",
"text": "a symbolic, essentially protocollary, titled highest office, e.g., Head of the Commonwealth (held by the British crown, but not legally reserved for it) or 'Head of the Arab Union' (14 February - 14 July 1958, held by the Hashemite King of Iraq, during its short-lived Federation with Jordan, its Hashemite sister-realm). The National Government of the Republic of China, established in 1928, had a panel of about 40 people as collective head of state. Though beginning that year, a provisional constitution made the Kuomintang the sole government party and the National Government bound to the instructions of the Central Executive",
"title": "Head of state"
},
{
"id": "17332767",
"text": "Lin was awarded the Order of Propitious Clouds. On 15 January 2018, Lin Chuan took over the Chairman of TTY Biopharm Company Limited . Lin married Wu Pei-ling in September 2002 and has two daughters from a previous marriage. Lin Chuan Lin Chuan () is a Taiwanese economist and politician who served as Premier of the Republic of China from 2016 to 2017 under President Tsai Ing-wen. He served as Minister of Budget, Accounting and Statistics and Minister of Finance during Chen Shui-bian's presidency. Lin is of Mainland Chinese descent and was born in Kaohsiung on 13 December 1951. He",
"title": "Lin Chuan"
},
{
"id": "1906993",
"text": "leader status and leadership core status, though they are separate concepts. The term has been used less frequently to describe Deng's successors, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping, who have all formally held both the offices of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and President of the People's Republic of China. Jiang, Hu and Xi are therefore usually referred to as President in the international scene, the title used by most other republican heads of state. However, Deng's successors derive their real power from the post of General Secretary which is the primary position in the Chinese",
"title": "Paramount leader"
},
{
"id": "1906994",
"text": "power structure and generally regarded by scholars as the post whose holder can be considered paramount leader. The President is a largely ceremonial office according to the Constitution. Xi Jinping is considered to have become paramount leader in November 2012 upon his becoming General Secretary, rather than in March 2013 when he succeeded Hu Jintao as President. Chairman Mao Zedong was the undisputed ruler of Communist China from its beginning in 1949 and at once held three Chairman offices: Chairman of the Communist Party of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission and Chairman of the People's Republic of China",
"title": "Paramount leader"
},
{
"id": "13702680",
"text": "Bi Jingquan Bi Jingquan (; born September 1955) is a Chinese politician who served as Director of the China Food and Drug Administration from 2015 to 2018. After the office was merged into the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) in March 2018, he has served as the Party Secretary of SAMR. He formerly served as a Deputy Secretary General of the State Council and Vice-President of the China Consumer Association. Bi Jingquan graduated from the Economics Department of Peking University in 1982. Bi has over twenty years experience in price control. He was editor-in-chief of Time-Bargain, published in 1994.",
"title": "Bi Jingquan"
},
{
"id": "17332764",
"text": "Lin Chuan Lin Chuan () is a Taiwanese economist and politician who served as Premier of the Republic of China from 2016 to 2017 under President Tsai Ing-wen. He served as Minister of Budget, Accounting and Statistics and Minister of Finance during Chen Shui-bian's presidency. Lin is of Mainland Chinese descent and was born in Kaohsiung on 13 December 1951. He graduated from Fu Jen Catholic University with a bachelor's degree in economics in 1974 before earning a master's in public finance from National Chengchi University in 1978. Lin returned to the study of economics in the United States, obtaining",
"title": "Lin Chuan"
},
{
"id": "12130835",
"text": "Xiao Jie Xiao Jie (; born June 1957) is a Chinese politician and an important political aide of Premier Li Keqiang. He is serving as the State Councilor and the Secretary General of the State Council. Xiao served as the Minister of Finance from November 2016 to March 2018. He previously served as Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council and chief of staff of Premier Li Keqiang, and the Deputy Director of the State Council Leading Group for the Nationwide Economy Census. He had also served as the director of the State Administration of Taxation. Born in Kaiyuan County, Liaoning",
"title": "Xiao Jie"
},
{
"id": "19859650",
"text": "Chiu Kuo-cheng Chiu Kuo-cheng () is a Taiwanese politician and military general officer. He is the current Minister of Veterans Affairs Council since 26 February 2018. He was the Chief of General Staff of the Republic of China Armed Forces from 1 December 2016 to 28 April 2017, and is a former Vice Minister of National Defense for Armaments. Chiu graduated from the United States Army War College in 1999, and was inducted into the school's International Fellows Hall of Fame in 2018. Chiu was the president of National Defense University in Taoyuan from 1 September 2012 to 31 July",
"title": "Chiu Kuo-cheng"
},
{
"id": "2987121",
"text": "Ye Jianying Ye Jianying (; 28 April 1897 – 22 October 1986) was a Chinese communist general, Marshal of the People's Liberation Army. As the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1978 to 1983, Ye was the head of state of China. Born Ye Yiwei () into a wealthy Christian Hakka merchant family in Jiaying county (modern-day renamed as Meixian), Guangdong his courtesy name was Cangbai (). After graduation from the Yunnan Military Academy in 1919, he joined Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang (KMT). He taught at the Whampoa Military Academy, and in 1927 joined",
"title": "Ye Jianying"
},
{
"id": "175301",
"text": "He also proclaimed himself president for life (Indonesian: \"Presiden Seumur Hidup Panglima Tertinggi\"; \"\"panglima\"\" meaning \"commander or martial figurehead\", \"\"tertinggi\"\" meaning \"highest\"; roughly translated to English as \"Supreme Commander of the Revolution\"). He was praised as \"\"Paduka Yang Mulia\"\", a Malay honorific originally given to kings; Sukarno awarded himself titles in that fashion due to his noble ancestry. There are also a few nations in which the exact title and definition of the office of head of state have been vague. During the Chinese Cultural Revolution, following the downfall of Liu Shaoqi, who was Chairman of the People's Republic of",
"title": "Head of state"
},
{
"id": "5284149",
"text": "Chinese history, Xi's political thoughts have been written into the party and state constitutions, and under his leadership the latter was amended to abolish term limits for the presidency. In 2018, \"Forbes\" ranked him as the most powerful and influential person in the world, dethroning Vladimir Putin who held the accolade for five consecutive years. Xi Jinping was born in Beijing on 15 June 1953. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 by Mao Zedong, Xi's father held a series of posts, including propaganda chief, vice-premier, and vice-chairman of the National People's Congress. Xi's father is",
"title": "Xi Jinping"
},
{
"id": "19013392",
"text": "Committee, but he ranked third after General Secretary Zhao Ziyang and Deng Xiaoping. Since Jiang Zemin, the President is also the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, ranking first in Party and State. The office of State Chairman (the original English translation, as noted above) was first established under China's 1954 Constitution. The ceremonial powers of the office were largely identical to those in the current Constitution. The powers of the 1954 office differed from those of the current office in two areas: military and governmental. The State Chairman's military powers were defined in the 1954 Constitution as",
"title": "President of the People's Republic of China"
},
{
"id": "6504684",
"text": "Commission exercises the command and control of the People's Liberation Army and is supervised by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The state CMC is nominally considered the supreme military policy-making body and its chairman, elected by the National People's Congress, is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. In reality, command and control of the PLA, however, still resides with the Central Military Commission of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee. Currently the chairman of the Central Military Commission is Xi Jinping. The National Supervisory Commission of the People's Republic of China is the highest supervisory (anti-corruption) agency",
"title": "Government of China"
},
{
"id": "12639022",
"text": "Mao Chi-kuo Mao Chi-kuo (; born 4 October 1948 in Fenghua, Chekiang) is a Taiwanese politician, who served as the Premier of the Republic of China (ROC), the President of Executive Yuan from 2014 to 2016. Mao was born on 4 October 1948, in Fenghua, Chekiang Province. Mao obtained his bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the National Cheng Kung University in Tainan in 1971. He obtained his Master's of Engineering in Community & Regional Development from the Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand in 1975, then his Ph.D. in civil engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in United",
"title": "Mao Chi-kuo"
},
{
"id": "1680826",
"text": "Park Chung-hee's wife, Yuk Young-soo, was assassinated on August 15, 1974, and his daughter, Park Geun-hye assumed the First Lady. The term \"first lady\" is used by the wife of the President of the Republic of China. The wife of the current president uses the term \"first lady\". In American media, the term First Lady is often applied to the wife of a head of state in any country, irrespective of whether a different appellation (or none) is used in that country. For example, in 1902, the U.S. publication \"Munsey's Magazine\" said of the wife of Canadian Governor General the",
"title": "First Lady"
},
{
"id": "175236",
"text": "functions may exist. The was drawn up under the Allied occupation that followed World War II and was intended to replace the previous militaristic and quasi-absolute monarchy system with a form of liberal democracy parliamentary system. The constitution explicitly vests all executive power in the Cabinet, who is chaired by the prime minister (articles 65 and 66) and responsible to the Diet (articles 67 and 69). The emperor is defined in the constitution as \"the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people\" (article 1), and is generally recognized throughout the world as the Japanese head of",
"title": "Head of state"
},
{
"id": "407063",
"text": "as Taiwanese only. The President is the head of state of the Republic of China and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The president has authority over the five administrative branches (Yuan): Executive, Legislative, Control, Judicial, and Examination. The National Assembly of the Republic of China was elected in mainland China in 1947 to officially carry out the duties of choosing the president, to amend the constitution, and to exercise the sovereignty of the citizens, but in actuality, the Assembly's role in Taipei seemed to reconfirm the executive powers of President Chang Kai-shek. The National Assembly was re-established on Taiwan when",
"title": "Politics of the Republic of China"
},
{
"id": "6504671",
"text": "primary organs of state power are the National People's Congress (NPC), the President, and the State Council. Members of the State Council include the Premier, a variable number of Vice Premiers (now four), five State Councilors (protocol equal of vice premiers but with narrower portfolios), and 29 ministers and heads of State Council commissions. During the 1980s there was an attempt made to separate party and state functions, with the party deciding general policy and the state carrying it out. The attempt was abandoned in the 1990s with the result that the political leadership within the state are also the",
"title": "Government of China"
},
{
"id": "66623",
"text": "China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion. Covering approximately , it is the third- or fourth-largest country by total area, depending on the source consulted. Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau. China emerged as one of the world's earliest civilizations, in the fertile basin of the Yellow River",
"title": "China"
},
{
"id": "2987130",
"text": "based in Hong Kong. Ye Jianying Ye Jianying (; 28 April 1897 – 22 October 1986) was a Chinese communist general, Marshal of the People's Liberation Army. As the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1978 to 1983, Ye was the head of state of China. Born Ye Yiwei () into a wealthy Christian Hakka merchant family in Jiaying county (modern-day renamed as Meixian), Guangdong his courtesy name was Cangbai (). After graduation from the Yunnan Military Academy in 1919, he joined Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang (KMT). He taught at the Whampoa Military Academy,",
"title": "Ye Jianying"
},
{
"id": "310086",
"text": "commissions. As a one-party state, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China holds ultimate power and authority over state and government. The offices of President, General Secretary, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission have been held simultaneously by one individual since 1993, granting the individual de jure and de facto power over the country. China's population, geographical vastness, and social diversity frustrate attempts to rule from Beijing. Economic reform during the 1980s and the devolution of much central government decision making, combined with the strong interest of local Communist Party officials in enriching themselves, has made it",
"title": "Politics of China"
},
{
"id": "66761",
"text": "will also collaboratively host the 2022 Olympic Winter Games, which will make Beijing the first city in the world to hold both the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics. China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion. Covering approximately , it is the third- or fourth-largest country by total area, depending on the source consulted. Governed by the Communist Party of China, the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai,",
"title": "China"
},
{
"id": "12249939",
"text": "first candidate to elect without leading in the polls. She is also the first leader to have graduated from the University of Hong Kong. She pledged to \"heal the social divide\" and \"unite our society to move forward\" in her victory speech. Lam received the appointment from Chinese Premier Li Keqiang on 11 April 2017. Lam was sworn in by General Secretary of the Communist Party and President Xi Jinping, on 1 July 2017, the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the Special Administrative Region. Lam is the first female Chief Executive. In July 2017 weeks after Lam sworn in,",
"title": "Carrie Lam"
},
{
"id": "66670",
"text": "Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan in Central Asia; and Russia, Mongolia, and North Korea in Inner Asia and Northeast Asia. Additionally, China shares maritime boundaries with South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and the Philippines. China's constitution states that The People's Republic of China \"is a socialist state under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants,\" and that the state organs \"apply the principle of democratic centralism.\" The PRC is one of the world's only socialist states openly endorsing communism (see Ideology of the Communist Party of China). The Chinese government has",
"title": "China"
},
{
"id": "13308230",
"text": "William Lai Lai Ching‑te, also known by his English name William Lai, is a Taiwanese politician and the incumbent Premier of the Republic of China. He took office on 8 September 2017. He served as a legislator in the Legislative Yuan from 1999 to 2010, and as Mayor of Tainan from 2010 to 2017. Born in Wanli, a rural coastal town in northern Taipei County (now New Taipei City) on October 6, 1959, Lai underwent schooling in Taipei City and studied at both National Cheng Kung University in Tainan and National Taiwan University in Taipei, where he specialized in rehabilitation.",
"title": "William Lai"
},
{
"id": "175264",
"text": "and \"His Excellency's Government.\" Examples of parliamentary systems in which the head of state is notional chief executive include Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, India, Italy, Norway, Spain and the United Kingdom. The few exceptions where the head of state is not even the nominal chief executive - and where supreme executive authority is according to the constitution explicitly vested in a cabinet - include the Czech Republic, Ireland, Israel, Japan and Sweden. The head of state usually appoints most or all the key officials in the government, including the head of government and other cabinet ministers, key judicial figures; and",
"title": "Head of state"
},
{
"id": "10281779",
"text": "Yang Yuanqing Yang Yuanqing (, born 12 November 1964) is a Chinese businessman who is the current chairman and CEO of Lenovo. According to Hurun Report's 2013 China Rich List, he had an estimated fortune of around US$620 million and is the 533rd richest person in China. Yang was born on 12 November 1964 to parents both educated as surgeons. He spent his childhood in Hefei in Anhui province. He grew up poor, as his parents were paid the same salaries as manual laborers. Yang's parents endured repeated persecution during the Cultural Revolution. Yang's father, Yang Furong, was a disciplined",
"title": "Yang Yuanqing"
},
{
"id": "175226",
"text": "they divide the leadership of the nation among themselves). In countries with parliamentary systems, the head of state is typically a ceremonial figurehead that does not actually guide day-to-day government activities or is not empowered to exercise any kind of political authority. In countries where the head of state is also the head of government, the head of state serves as both a public figurehead and the actual highest-ranking political leader who oversees the executive branch (e.g., the President of Brazil). Former French president Charles de Gaulle, while developing the current Constitution of France (1958), said the head of state",
"title": "Head of state"
},
{
"id": "714691",
"text": "election of the areas administered by the Republic of China for a term of four years. Before 1991, the president was selected by the National Assembly of the Republic of China for a term of six years. The Constitution names the president as head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces (formerly known as the National Revolutionary Army). The president is responsible for conducting foreign relations, such as concluding treaties, declaring war, and making peace. The president must promulgate all laws and has no right to veto. Other powers of the president include granting amnesty, pardon",
"title": "President of the Republic of China"
},
{
"id": "3559646",
"text": "queen regnant and female head of state in world history. In 2016, she became the longest currently serving head of state and longest currently reigning monarch. In China, Wu Zetian became the Chinese empress regnant and established the Zhou Dynasty after dismissing her sons. The Empress Wu used the title \"huangdi\" (皇帝, \"emperor\") and in many European sources, is referred to as a female emperor rather than an empress regnant. A few decades earlier in Korea, Queen Seondeok of Silla and Jindeok of Silla developed the term \"yeowang\" (여왕, \"female king\") to refer to themselves, using the title instead of",
"title": "Queen regnant"
},
{
"id": "13781629",
"text": "Timothy Yang Timothy Yang or Yang Chin-tien (; born 1 July 1942) is a Taiwanese diplomat and former Minister of Foreign Affairs and Secretary-General to the President of the Republic of China, serving under President Ma Ying-Jeou. Yang was born in Ershui, Changhua County and earned his bachelor's degree in diplomacy at the National Chengchi University. When veteran diplomat Francisco Ou resigned with the Cabinet of Premier Liu Chao-Shiuan in September 2009, President Ma Ying-Jeou named Yang to the post, to serve in the newly formed Cabinet of incoming Premier Wu Den-yih. Prior to becoming Foreign Minister, Yang served as",
"title": "Timothy Yang"
},
{
"id": "4141511",
"text": "is reportedly an admirer of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). He served as Minister of State Security from 1985 until March 1998, when the MSS underwent an overhaul and Xu Yongyue was appointed the new head of the organization. Jia was then appointed to the Minister of Public Security post, after a decade of distinguished service as head of the MSS. In October 2018, the deputy directory of the Ministry of State Security, Yanjun Xu, was charged with economic espionage by the United States prosecutors. According to Liu Fuzhi, Secretary-General of the Commission for Politics and Law under the",
"title": "Ministry of State Security (China)"
},
{
"id": "14146741",
"text": "eleven heads of government.: Hassanal Bolkiah (Sultan of Brunei Darussalam), Hun Sen (Prime Minister of Cambodia), Megawati Soekarnoputri (President of Indonesia), Bounnhang Vorachith (Prime Minister of Laos), Mahathir bin Mohamad (Prime Minister of Malaysia), Than Shwe (Prime Minister of Burma), Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (President of the Philippines), Goh Chok Tong (Prime Minister of Singapore), Thaksin Shinawatra (Prime Minister of Thailand), Phan Văn Khải (Prime Minister of Vietnam), Zhu Rongji (Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China). The first stage implied the 6 first signatories who engaged in the elimination of their tariffs on 90% of their products",
"title": "ASEAN–China Free Trade Area"
},
{
"id": "19013383",
"text": "President of the People's Republic of China The President of the People's Republic of China is the head of state of the People's Republic of China. Under the country's constitution, the presidency is a largely ceremonial office with limited powers. However, since 1993, as a matter of convention, the presidency has been held simultaneously by the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, the top leader in the one party system. The office is officially regarded as an institution of the state rather than an administrative post; theoretically, the President serves at the pleasure of the National People's Congress,",
"title": "President of the People's Republic of China"
},
{
"id": "19013399",
"text": "Yaobang, the Party General Secretary; Zhao Ziyang, the Premier; Li Xiannian, the President; and Deng Xiaoping, the \"Paramount Leader\", holding title of the Chairman of the Central Military Commission and was overall commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The current political structure of Vietnam is similar to the structure China followed in the 1980s. In the 1990s, the experiment of separating party and state posts, which led to conflict during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, was terminated. In 1993, the post of President was taken by Jiang Zemin, who as General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the",
"title": "President of the People's Republic of China"
},
{
"id": "1369367",
"text": "of the Kuomintang on 17 October 2009; he resigned as Chairman of Kuomintang on 3 December 2014. Ma's term as president saw a significant increase of economic improvement in Taiwan and warm social connection with Mainland China. He became the first ROC Head of State to meet with a Communist Party General Secretary when he met Xi Jinping in Singapore in November 2015. Ma and his parents originate from Hunan Province in the Republic of China (now Hunan, People's Republic of China), but their ancestral home was in Fufeng, Shaanxi Province. His ancestors had migrated from Shaanxi to Jiangxi and",
"title": "Ma Ying-jeou"
},
{
"id": "310085",
"text": "case of independent municipalities) People's Congress. The Provincial People's Congress in turn elects members to the National People's Congress that meets each year in March in Beijing. The ruling Communist Party committee at each level plays a large role in the selection of appropriate candidates for election to the local congress and to the higher levels. The President of China is the titular head of state, serving as the ceremonial figurehead under National People's Congress. The Premier of China is the head of government, presiding over the State Council composed of four vice premiers and the heads of ministries and",
"title": "Politics of China"
},
{
"id": "19133107",
"text": "by the Chinese public. Trudeau visited China again in December 2017 to launch trade negotiations. Before agreeing to formally start talks, Trudeau wanted China to agree to a broad framework included collective bargaining and occupational health and safety standards as part of a progressive trade agenda, but this was not acceptable to Premier Li Keqiang, while this also \"raises obvious questions about the advice the Prime Minister’s Office was getting from its embassy in Beijing, and in particular from its ambassador, former Liberal cabinet minister John McCallum\". Trudeau drew criticism for his trip to India in February 2018, as the",
"title": "Premiership of Justin Trudeau"
},
{
"id": "20233992",
"text": "died without issue in 1967. His brother Prince Pujie was next in line under a 1937 succession law. Stories published in the \"Chicago Times\" and \"The New York Times\" acknowledge Pujie as heir to the throne. Pujie died in 1994. He is survived by a daughter, Princess Husheng, who was born in 1941 and renamed \"Kosei Fukunaga\" (福永嫮生) when she married to a Japanese in 1968. However, the law restricts succession to males. Several news stories have suggested that Jin Yuzhang, a nephew of Puyi and Pujie, is the current family head of House of Aisin Gioro. The present line",
"title": "Head of the former Chinese imperial clan"
},
{
"id": "6504686",
"text": "Portuguese civil-law traditions respectively, and are out of the jurisdiction of the Supreme People's Court. The judges of the Supreme People's Court are appointed by the National People's Congress. , the President of Supreme People's Court and the Procurator-General of Supreme People's Procuratorate are Zhou Qiang and Zhang Jun separately. The governors of China's provinces and autonomous regions and mayors of its centrally controlled municipalities are appointed by the central government in Beijing after receiving the nominal consent of the National People's Congress (NPC). The Hong Kong and Macau special administrative regions (SARS) have some local autonomy since they have",
"title": "Government of China"
},
{
"id": "714700",
"text": "Cooperation leaders' summit, the ROC President is forbidden from attending personally and must send a special envoy to represent him or her at the event. However, on December 2, 2016, U.S. President-elect Donald Trump accepted a congratulatory telephone call from the ROC President, a clear break from prior protocol. The Government of the People's Republic of China uses the terms Leader of the Taiwan Area, Leader of the Taiwan Region () and Leader of the Taiwanese Authorities () to describe the head of state of the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan. These terms are used by PRC media to",
"title": "President of the Republic of China"
},
{
"id": "18690232",
"text": "Li Keqiang Government The Li Keqiang Government is the Central People's Government of China from 2013. Premier Li Keqiang took office on 15 March 2013. It succeeded the Wen Jiabao government. Premier Li is ranked only second to Xi Jinping among 7 members of the 18th and 19th Politburo Standing Committee, top decision-making body of the Communist Party of China. During the 1st Session of the 12th National People's Congress in March 2013, Li Keqiang was appointed by new President Xi Jinping to replace Wen Jiabao as Premier of the State Council, China's head of government, according to the approval",
"title": "Li Keqiang Government"
},
{
"id": "4736823",
"text": "Joseph Wu Joseph Wu or Jaushieh Wu (; born 31 October 1954) is the current Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China and was formerly Secretary-General to the President of the Republic of China and the Secretary-General of the National Security Council. From 2007 to 2008, he was chief representative of Taiwan to the United States as the head of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Washington, D.C., having been appointed to that position by President Chen Shui-bian to succeed his predecessor, David Lee. On 26 February 2018, he took the Foreign Minister post, again succeeding",
"title": "Joseph Wu"
},
{
"id": "19367315",
"text": "Affairs, Federica Mogherini, and by King Philip and Queen Mathilde at the Royal Palace of Brussels. On March 27, 2016, a Casa Rosada official announced that President Macri will meet with Chinese president Xi Jinping on 1 April in the framework of the 2016 Nuclear Security Summit in Washington D.C.. China and Argentina established diplomatic relations in 1972 but revived especially during the mandates of Nestor Kirchner and Cristina Kirchner, during which relations reached the level of \"Comprehensive Strategic Partnership\". However, since the assumption of Macri, the relationship was observed for the promises of the now head of state during",
"title": "Presidency of Mauricio Macri"
},
{
"id": "7159454",
"text": "Tsai Ing-wen Tsai Ing-wen (born 31 August 1956) is a Taiwanese politician, legal scholar and attorney currently serving as the President of the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan, since May 20, 2016. The first woman to be elected to the office, Tsai is the seventh president of the Republic of China under the 1947 Constitution and the second president from the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP); part of Taiwan's Pan-Green Coalition. She is also the first president to be of both Hakka and aboriginal descent (a quarter Paiwan from her grandmother), the first unmarried president, the first to have",
"title": "Tsai Ing-wen"
},
{
"id": "17869503",
"text": "when she was 18 and began as an ordinary soldier, but with her vocal talent later performed during frontline tours to boost troop morale during the Sino-Vietnamese border conflicts. She is the wife of China’s current paramount leader and head of state Xi Jinping, and as such referred to as the \"Chinese First Lady\" by American and Chinese media. Prior to Xi Jinping becoming leader, his wife was far more famous in China than her husband. She holds the civilian rank equivalent to Major General; Li Shuangjiang (李双江) a Chinese tenor and a Major-General in the PLA’s Naval Song and",
"title": "Guo Jian"
},
{
"id": "714692",
"text": "or clemency, declaring martial law, and conferring honors and decorations. The President can appoint Senior Advisors (), National Policy Advisors () and Strategy Advisors (), but they do not form a council. The Constitution does not clearly define whether the president is more powerful than the premier, as it names the Executive Yuan (headed by the premier) as the \"highest administrative authority\" with oversight over domestic matters while giving the president powers as commander-in-chief of the military and authority over foreign affairs. Prior to his election as president in 1948, Chiang Kai-shek had insisted that he be premier under the",
"title": "President of the Republic of China"
},
{
"id": "310107",
"text": "Council. In December 2004, the fifth National People’s Congress revised the State Constitution to provide that the State Central Military Commission leads all the armed forces of the state. The chair of the State CMC is chosen and removed by the full NPC while the other members are chosen by the NPC Standing Committee. However, the CMC of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China remained the Party organization that directly leads the military and all the other armed forces. In actual practice, the Party CMC, after consultation with the democratic parties, proposes the names of the State",
"title": "Politics of China"
},
{
"id": "5284194",
"text": "prominence with favourable citations. One sentence of Han Fei's that Xi quoted appeared thousands of times in official Chinese media at the local, provincial, and national levels. In March 2018, the party-controlled National People's Congress passed a set of constitutional amendments including removal of term limits for the president and vice president, the creation of a National Supervisory Commission, as well as enhancing the central role of the Communist Party. On 17 March 2018, the Chinese legislature reappointed Xi as president, now without term limits; Wang Qishan was appointed vice president. The following day Li Keqiang was reappointed premier and",
"title": "Xi Jinping"
},
{
"id": "1318541",
"text": "Premier of the People's Republic of China The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, sometimes also referred to informally as the \"Prime Minister\", is the Leader of the State Council of China (constitutionally synonymous with the \"Central People's Government\" since 1954), who is the head of government and holds the highest rank (Level 1) in the Civil Service. This position was originally known as Premier of the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government () and changed to its current name in 1954. The Premier is formally approved by the National People's Congress upon",
"title": "Premier of the People's Republic of China"
},
{
"id": "19600529",
"text": "Xu Lin (born 1963) Xu Lin (; born June 1963) is a Chinese politician, who serving as the director of the State Council Information Office since August 2018. He served as the main official in charge of internet policy, the head of the Cyberspace Administration of China, from June 2016 to July 2018. Xu was previously the head of the Shanghai propaganda department and later Communist Party Committee Secretary of Pudong. Xu Lin was born in Shanghai in June 1963. He was graduated from Shanghai Normal University and joined the Communist Party of China in September 1982. Xu was the",
"title": "Xu Lin (born 1963)"
},
{
"id": "3475318",
"text": "of acting Premier and interim President of the Republic of China. Koo was the first and only Chinese head of state known to use a Western name publicly. While his presidency was brief, his extraordinary lifespan of 97 years makes him the longest-lived person to ever have led China. Born in Shanghai in 1888, Koo attended Saint John's University, Shanghai, and Columbia College, where he was a member of the Philolexian Society, a literary and debating club, and graduated in 1908. In 1912 he received his Ph.D. in international law and diplomacy from Columbia University. Koo returned to China in",
"title": "Wellington Koo"
},
{
"id": "1870792",
"text": "Congress and the Standing Committee. Furthermore, Article 80 gives the President of the People's Republic of China (in addition to ceremonial head of state duties) the power to proclaim martial law, proclaim a state of war, and to issue mobilisation orders upon the decision of National People's Congress and its Standing Committee. The CMC Chairman and the President are distinctly separate state offices and they have not always been held by the same persons. However, beginning in 1993, during the tenure of Jiang Zemin as CMC Chairman and General Secretary of the Communist Party, it has been standard practice to",
"title": "Commander-in-chief"
},
{
"id": "18656049",
"text": "the Department of Education, Science and Culture, Director General of the Department of Agriculture and Director General of the Department of State-owned Capital Administration. Ding served as Deputy Secretary General of the State Council. Ding is also chairman of China International Capital Corporation, a leading Chinese investment bank in which China Investment Corporation indirectly holds over 40% interest. Ding Xuedong Ding Xuedong (born February 1960) is Chairman & CEO of China Investment Corporation. Prior to this he held several positions in the Government of the People's Republic of China. Ding holds a Ph.D. in economics from the Research Institute for",
"title": "Ding Xuedong"
},
{
"id": "2081209",
"text": "above in the section discussing Emperors, the sovereigns during the Xia dynasty and Shang dynasty who called themselves Di (Chinese: 帝 dì)and during the Zhou dynasty who called themselves Wang (Chinese: 王 or 國王; wáng), was the title of the Chinese head of state until the Qin dynasty. The title \"Wang\" should not be confused with the common surname, which, at least by middle and later Chinese historical usage, has no definite royal implications. Rulers of these dynasties are conventionally translated with the title \"king\" and sometimes \"emperor\" in English. It was a custom in China for the new dynasty",
"title": "Chinese nobility"
},
{
"id": "13433770",
"text": "Chairman of the Federal Reserve 13. Sheila C. Bair, Chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 14. Mary Schapiro, Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission 15. Gary Gensler, Chairman of Commodity and Futures Trading Commission 16. Fred P. Hochberg, President of the U.S. Export-Import Bank 17. Leocadia Zak, Director, U.S. Trade & Development Agency 18. Lael Brainard, Department of Treasury, Under Secretary for International Affairs 19. Demetrios Marantis, Deputy United States Trade Representative 20. Robert Hormats, Department of State, Under Secretary for Economic, Energy, and Agricultural Affairs 21. Francisco Sanchez, Department of Commerce, Under Secretary for International Trade 22.",
"title": "U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue"
},
{
"id": "347595",
"text": "Taiwan Taiwan (, ), officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Its neighbors include the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. It is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations. The island of Taiwan, formerly known as Formosa, was inhabited by aborigines before the 17th century, when Dutch and Spanish colonies opened the island to mass Han immigration. After a brief rule by the Kingdom of Tungning, the island was annexed in 1683 by",
"title": "Taiwan"
},
{
"id": "5284144",
"text": "Xi Jinping Xi Jinping (; ; Mandarin: ; born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician serving as general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), president of the People's Republic of China, and chairman of the Central Military Commission. Often described as China's \"paramount leader\", in 2016 the CPC officially gave him the title of \"core leader\". As general secretary, Xi holds an ex-officio seat on the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China, China's top decision-making body. Xi is the first general secretary born after the Second World War and the establishment of the People's",
"title": "Xi Jinping"
},
{
"id": "686013",
"text": "five last were called 帝 (di, \"divine ruler\"), which can translate as either emperor, demigod human, or a superhuman. This title may have been used in the Shang and Xia dynasties, though oracle bones were found from the Shang Dynasty showing the title 王 (wáng, \"king\"). The king (王, \"wáng\") was the Chinese head of state during the Zhou Dynasty. Its use during the Xia and Shang is uncertain but possible: the character has been found upon oracle bones. It was abolished under the Qin and, after that, the same term was used for (and translated as) royal princes. The",
"title": "Chinese sovereign"
},
{
"id": "18928825",
"text": "Jiang Zelin Jiang Zelin (; born October 1959) is a Chinese politician, serving since 2015 as the Deputy Secretary-General of the State Council and chief of staff to Vice Premier Wang Yang. He previously held office as Communist Party Secretary of Sanya, vice governor of Hainan province, and executive vice governor of Shaanxi province. Jiang was born in 1959 in Anqing, Anhui province. He attended Yangqiao High School, then Jiangsu Polytechnic School (now Jiangsu University) where he specialized in agricultural mechanics. After graduating he entered the Ministry of Agriculture, first working as a technician, before being promoted to engineer and",
"title": "Jiang Zelin"
},
{
"id": "1903544",
"text": "the Grand Lodge of China is based in Taiwan. Countries that maintain diplomatic relations with Taiwan, especially the ROC's older diplomatic affiliates, also refer to the ROC as \"China\" on occasion; for example, during the funeral of Pope John Paul II, the President of the Republic of China, Chen Shui-bian, was seated as part of the French alphabetical seating arrangement as the head of state of \"\" between the first lady of Brazil, and the president of Cameroon. Taiwan is categorized in the United Nations population projections as \"Other non-specified areas\" within East Asia. Chinese Taipei \"Chinese Taipei\" is the",
"title": "Chinese Taipei"
},
{
"id": "1721136",
"text": "jure\" the most important post in the PRC, though it did not become the \"de facto\" most important post until Deng Xiaoping's retirement in 1990. As China is a \"de facto\" one-party state, the General Secretary holds ultimate power and authority over state and government. However, the men who have held the post have held far less power than Chairman Mao Zedong. Since the mid-1990s, the General Secretary has traditionally also held the post of President of the PRC. While the presidency is nominally a ceremonial post, it is customary for the General Secretary to assume the presidency to confirm",
"title": "General Secretary of the Communist Party of China"
},
{
"id": "2987129",
"text": "was appointed Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, filling a post left unoccupied since Zhu De's death in 1976. As such, Ye was China's ceremonial Head of State. Ye retired from this position in 1983 and in 1985 he withdrew completely from the Politburo. He died a little over a year later at the age of 89. Ye had married six times and had six children. His sons include Ye Xuanping (born 1924), Ye Xuanning (叶选宁, 1938–2016), and Ye Xuanlian (叶选廉, born 1952). Ye's granddaughter Robynn Yip (born 1986), daughter of Xuanlian, is a professional musician",
"title": "Ye Jianying"
},
{
"id": "66683",
"text": "beans and other agricultural, energy, industrial, and other products from the US. A Chinese spokesman provided fewer specifics but said that the \"two heads of state reached consensus to halt the mutual increase of new tariffs\" and that the country would increase its purchases from the US to \"gradually ease the imbalance in two-way trade\". Ever since its establishment after the second Chinese Civil War, the PRC has claimed the territories governed by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity today commonly known as Taiwan, as a part of its territory. It regards the island of Taiwan as",
"title": "China"
},
{
"id": "10412761",
"text": "to 18th Politburo of the Communist Party of China in 2012. In 2003 he was given responsibility for the National Development and Reform Commission, an organisation which has broad administrative and planning control over the Economy of China. In November 2017, Ma Kai was appointed to lead the Financial Stability and Development Commission (FSDC). Ma Kai is also known as an accomplished poet. Ma Kai Ma Kai (; pinyin: \"Mǎ Kǎi\"; born June 1946 in Shanghai) was one of the four Vice Premiers of China (Fourth-ranked). He was formerly a State Councilor and Secretary General of the State Council of",
"title": "Ma Kai"
},
{
"id": "9436404",
"text": "separated from the mainland by the -wide Taiwan Strait. During that period, more than two million civilians, military personnel and government officials left the mainland for Taiwan. Chiang then declared Taipei as the provisional capital of the Republic of China on 7 December 1949, and left Chengdu for Taipei by air three days later when the city fell to the communists. Based on the Constitution of the Republic of China, the head of state is the President, who is elected by popular vote for a four-year term on the same ticket as the Vice-President. The President has authority over the",
"title": "Government of the Republic of China"
},
{
"id": "12113154",
"text": "Wang Dongming Wang Dongming (; born July 1956) is a Chinese politician who has served since 2018 as the Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the Chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. Originally from Liaoning province, Wang served as the chief of the General Office of the Central Institutional Organization Commission between 2007 and 2012, and the Communist Party Secretary of Sichuan province between 2012 and 2018. Wang was born in Benxi, Liaoning province in 1956. He took part in rural manual labour in Huanren County, Liaoning in the latter stages of",
"title": "Wang Dongming"
},
{
"id": "5085796",
"text": "Liu Yongqing Liu Yongqing (born 3 October 1940), is the wife of Hu Jintao, the former General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and President of the People’s Republic of China. Traditionally, Liu Yongqing’s role would be primarily domestic, but this is fast changing as Chinese leaders travel abroad more. Liu had often accompanied her husband on his official trips to foreign countries and has made personal appearances at charities and cultural institutions all over the world. Liu Yongqing was born in 1940 in Chongqing. She attended Bashu High School. She met her husband at Tsinghua University in Beijing.",
"title": "Liu Yongqing"
},
{
"id": "18264489",
"text": "Xu Qin Xu Qin (; born October 1961) is a Chinese politician, and the current Governor of Hebei. Previously he had served as mayor, then party chief of Shenzhen, China's most prominent special economic zone. Xu Qin was born in Lianyungang, Jiangsu province, in 1961. He was admitted to the Beijing Institute of Technology in October 1978 to study photoelectric engineering. After graduating in 1982, he was assigned by the state to Factory 559 (later part of Norinco), a military contractor, to conduct scientific research with military applications. He returned to BIT two years later to study for a master's",
"title": "Xu Qin"
},
{
"id": "6504689",
"text": "the PRC has also been involved in providing weapons and sanctuaries to Naxalite-Maoist terrorists who plot attacks against India. Government of China The central government of the People's Republic of China is divided among several state organs: The legal power of the Communist Party is guaranteed by the PRC Constitution and its position as the supreme political authority in the PRC is realised through its comprehensive control of the state, military, and media. According to a prominent government spokesman:We will never simply copy the system of Western countries or introduce a system of multiple parties holding office in rotation; although",
"title": "Government of China"
},
{
"id": "13154779",
"text": "Lu Hao (born 1967) Lu Hao (; born June 1967) is a Chinese politician, serving as the head of the Ministry of Natural Resources. Previously, Lu Hao was the youngest provincial governor in China, as the Governor of Heilongjiang Province from 2013 to 2018. Lu has also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Youth League, and vice-mayor of Beijing. Lu was born in Xi'an, but traces his ancestry to Shanghai (some sources say he was born in Shanghai). His father was a university professor. Lu was an only child. He attended Xi'an No. 85 High School. In high",
"title": "Lu Hao (born 1967)"
},
{
"id": "765543",
"text": "of China. Under former President Lee Teng-hui, additional articles were appended to the ROC constitution in 1991 so that it applied effectively only to the Taiwan Area. The Kuomintang proclaims a modified form of the \"One China\" principle known as the \"1992 Consensus\". Under this \"consensus\", both governments \"agree\" that there is only one single sovereign state encompassing both mainland China and Taiwan, but disagree about which of the two governments is the legitimate government of this state. Former ROC President Ma Ying-jeou had re-asserted claims on mainland China as late as October 8, 2008. The Democratic Progressive Party does",
"title": "One-China policy"
},
{
"id": "15934255",
"text": "Republic of China (1912–1949) The Republic of China, until 1949, was a sovereign state in East Asia that occupied the territories of modern China, and for part of its history Mongolia and Taiwan. It was founded in 1912, after the Qing dynasty, the last imperial dynasty, was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. The Republic's first president, Sun Yat-sen, served only briefly before handing over the position to Yuan Shikai, former leader of the Beiyang Army. His party, then led by Song Jiaoren, won the parliamentary election held in December 1912. Song was assassinated shortly after, and the Beiyang Army led",
"title": "Republic of China (1912–1949)"
},
{
"id": "1337452",
"text": "one-on-one interview with the media. He has been noted for his liking for table tennis and ballroom dancing. Hu is also said to possess a photographic memory that became evident in his high school days. Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (; ; ; born 21 December 1942) is a retired Chinese politician who was the paramount leader of China from 2002 to 2012. He held the offices of General Secretary of the Communist Party from 2002 to 2012, President of the People's Republic from 2003 to 2013 and Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 2004 to 2012. He was a",
"title": "Hu Jintao"
},
{
"id": "3121302",
"text": "section in between. In the wider sense, it can be used to refer to both the western line of control and the MacMahon Line, in which sense it is the effective border between India and the People's Republic of China (PRC). The entire Sino-Indian border (including the western LAC, the small undisputed section in the centre, and the MacMahon Line in the east) is 4,056 km (2520 mi) long and traverses five Indian states: Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. On the Chinese side, the line traverses the Tibet Autonomous Region. The demarcation existed as the",
"title": "Line of Actual Control"
},
{
"id": "20233994",
"text": "died in 1997. His eldest son is Prince Hengzhen, who was born in 1944. There is no indication that Yuyan designated him heir to the throne, or that he claims this status. In 1915, Yuan Shikai attempted to reinstate monarchy in China and become the emperor, and his title would be Hongxien Emperor. However, due to massive objection across provinces of China, Yuan needed to withdraw his attempt and died in June 6, 1916 as the President of the Republic of China. During the preparation of the empire, Yuan planned to make Yuan Keding, his eldest son, the crown prince",
"title": "Head of the former Chinese imperial clan"
},
{
"id": "1369366",
"text": "Ma Ying-jeou Ma Ying-jeou (born 13 July 1950), also spelled as Ma Yingjiu, is a Taiwanese politician who served as President of the Republic of China from 2008 to 2016. His previous political roles include Justice Minister (1993–96) and Mayor of Taipei (1998–2006). He was also the Chairman of the Kuomintang (KMT) between 2005–2007 and 2009–2014. Ma first won the presidency by 58.45% of the popular vote in the presidential election of 2008, and was re-elected in 2012 with 51.6% of the vote. He was sworn into office as president on 20 May 2008, and sworn in as the Chairman",
"title": "Ma Ying-jeou"
},
{
"id": "1652765",
"text": "terms. Such limit was abolished by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the 13th National People's Congress on 25 February 2018, making it possible for the President and the Vice President to service the office for life. According to the British Financial Times, China's leader Xi Jinping expressed his views of constitutional amendment at meetings with Chinese officials and foreign dignitaries. Xi explained the decision in terms of needing to align his two more powerful posts — General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) which have no term limits.",
"title": "President for life"
},
{
"id": "7159479",
"text": "the former to have too many strokes for the girl to learn, so she was instead named , which can be literally translated by its individual parts as \"heroic\" and \"literature; culture\", or the Chinese word for the English language if taken even more literally. Tsai Ing-wen Tsai Ing-wen (born 31 August 1956) is a Taiwanese politician, legal scholar and attorney currently serving as the President of the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan, since May 20, 2016. The first woman to be elected to the office, Tsai is the seventh president of the Republic of China under the",
"title": "Tsai Ing-wen"
},
{
"id": "66676",
"text": "governed by the Republic of China, which rejects the PRC's claim. None of the divisions are recognized by the ROC government, which claims the entirety of the PRC's territory. The PRC has diplomatic relations with 175 countries and maintains embassies in 162. Its legitimacy is disputed by the Republic of China and a few other countries; it is thus the largest and most populous state with limited recognition. In 1971, the PRC replaced the Republic of China as the sole representative of China in the United Nations and as one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security",
"title": "China"
},
{
"id": "20132770",
"text": "state civil servants elected or appointed by the National People's Congress, its Standing Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and other central government organs, as well as equivalent local government organs at or above the county level, to publicly swear an oath to the constitution upon formally taking office. On February 23, 2018, the 33rd Meeting of the 12th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress revised the Decision that instituted the constitutional oath. The constitutional oath's last phrase was changed to \"to work for a great modern socialist country",
"title": "Constitutional oath of office of China"
},
{
"id": "19013388",
"text": "the office. In the event that both offices fall vacant, the Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee temporarily acts as President until the NPC can elect a new President and Vice-President. Prior to March 2018, the President and Vice President were limited to two consecutive terms. However these limits were removed at the 2018 National People's Congress. Under the current constitution, instated in 1982 with minor revisions in later years, the President has the power to promulgate laws, select and dismiss the Premier (prime minister) as well as the ministers of the State Council, grant presidential pardons, declares a state",
"title": "President of the People's Republic of China"
},
{
"id": "310130",
"text": "IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, International Maritime Organization, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM (observer), OPCW, PCA, SCO, United Nations, UN Security Council, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, Zangger Committee Politics of China The politics of the People's Republic of China takes place in a framework of a socialist republic run by a single party, the Communist Party of China, headed by General Secretary. State power within the People's Republic of China (PRC) is exercised through the Communist Party, the Central People's Government (State Council)",
"title": "Politics of China"
},
{
"id": "1318545",
"text": "Vice-Premiers since Deng Xiaoping's reform in 1983. The First-ranked Vice Premier will act in the premier's capacity in their absence. As of 2019, there are three living former premiers: Premier of the People's Republic of China The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, sometimes also referred to informally as the \"Prime Minister\", is the Leader of the State Council of China (constitutionally synonymous with the \"Central People's Government\" since 1954), who is the head of government and holds the highest rank (Level 1) in the Civil Service. This position was originally known as Premier of",
"title": "Premier of the People's Republic of China"
},
{
"id": "765560",
"text": "and I’m not sure I very easily could define it.\" He added, \"I can tell you what it is not. It is not the One-China principle that Beijing suggests.\" The position of the United States, as clarified in the \"China/Taiwan: Evolution of the \"One China\" Policy\" report of the Congressional Research Service (date: July 9, 2007) is summed up in five points: These positions remained unchanged in a 2013 report of the Congressional Research Service. On December 2, 2016, US President-elect Donald Trump and ROC President Tsai Ing-wen conducted a short phone call regarding \"the close economic, political and security",
"title": "One-China policy"
}
] | who is the head of the state of china |
[
"Bill Medley",
"Jennifer Warnes"
] | [
{
"id": "7997364",
"text": "(I've Had) The Time of My Life \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" is a 1987 song composed by Franke Previte, John DeNicola, and Donald Markowitz. It was recorded by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes, and used as the theme song for the 1987 film \"Dirty Dancing\". The song has won a number of awards, including an Academy Award for \"Best Original Song\", a Golden Globe Award for \"Best Original Song\", and a Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. Singer-songwriter Previte was the lead singer of the band Franke and the Knockouts.",
"title": "(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
},
{
"id": "7997370",
"text": "after the film's initial release, the song peaked at No. 6; in January 1991, after the film was shown on mainstream television, the song reached No. 8. In 2004 AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey placed it #86 among the top tunes in American cinema. (I've Had) The Time of My Life \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" is a 1987 song composed by Franke Previte, John DeNicola, and Donald Markowitz. It was recorded by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes, and used as the theme song for the 1987 film \"Dirty Dancing\". The song has won a number of awards,",
"title": "(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
},
{
"id": "973698",
"text": "with Bill Medley to record \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" for the 1987 motion picture \"Dirty Dancing\". This marked the third song performed by Warnes to win the Academy Award for Best Original Song and second for the Golden Globe Award in the same category. The song also won Warnes and Medley the Grammy Award for Duo or Group with Vocal. It reached No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and spent four consecutive weeks at No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart. On September 30, 1987, at the Coconut Grove in Los Angeles, she contributed vocals for",
"title": "Jennifer Warnes"
},
{
"id": "3186433",
"text": "albums and multiple singles, including \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", which won both the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Song, and a Grammy Award for best duet. The film's popularity led to a 2004 prequel, \"\", and a stage version which has had sellout performances in Australia, Europe, and North America. A made-for-TV remake was also released in 2017. In the summer of 1963 17-year-old Frances \"Baby\" Houseman is vacationing with her affluent family at Kellerman's resort. Her father, Jake, is doctor and friend to Max Kellerman, the resort proprietor. Exploring one night, Baby surreptitiously",
"title": "Dirty Dancing"
},
{
"id": "18561309",
"text": "he was responsible as music supervisor for the soundtrack of the film \"Dirty Dancing\", and for producing the tracks \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes, and \"She's Like the Wind\", performed by Patrick Swayze. The song \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" was an international hit, reaching #1 on the \"Billboard\" pop chart in November 1987, and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, and a Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. Lloyd wrote and produced the Latin music used in the movie, which",
"title": "Michael Lloyd (music producer)"
},
{
"id": "15216960",
"text": "John DeNicola John DeNicola (born October 4, 1955) is an American songwriter and producer. He is best known for co-writing the song \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", for which he won both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award, as well as receiving a Grammy nomination, in 1988. In 1989 he was the co-winner of ASCAP Awards' \"Most Performed Songs from Motion Pictures\" for \"Time of My Life\" as well as for \"Hungry Eyes\", another song from the film. In addition to \"Dirty Dancing\" hits for Bill Medley, Jennifer Warnes and Eric Carmen, he has also written",
"title": "John DeNicola"
},
{
"id": "13308515",
"text": "1988, but lost to \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life,\" the central theme of Dirty Dancing, played by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes. The Secret of My Success (song) The Secret of My Success is a song performed by Night Ranger from their album \"Big Life\" as well as on the soundtrack to the 1987 comedy film, \"The Secret of My Success\". The star of the film, Michael J. Fox, was the person to request the band to write and record the song. It reached No. 12 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and No. 64 on the",
"title": "The Secret of My Success (song)"
},
{
"id": "7997369",
"text": "as the finale of \"Dirty Dancing\", but choreographer Kenny Ortega and his assistant Miranda Garrison (who also played Vivian in the film) selected \"The Time of My Life\" instead. A music video was produced for this song in October 1987. The video features several couples dancing like in the movie, and it also featured clips from it. In the United States, the single topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in November 1987 for one week and also reached number one on the Adult Contemporary for four weeks. In the United Kingdom the song had two chart outings: in November 1987,",
"title": "(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
},
{
"id": "3747113",
"text": "on the \"Billboard\" 200. The theme from the picture \"The Secret of My Success\", performed by Night Ranger, was one of the songs that competed for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song in 1988. The winner in question was \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", the central theme from \"Dirty Dancing\", performed by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes. The film received a mixed response from critics. Roger Ebert in the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" wrote, \"\"The Secret of My Success\" seems trapped in some kind of time warp, as if the screenplay had been in a drawer since the",
"title": "The Secret of My Success (1987 film)"
},
{
"id": "3186466",
"text": "talent show were written specifically for the film and were sung to the tune of \"Annie Lisle\", a commonly used theme for school alma maters. Kenny Ortega and his assistant Miranda Garrison chose the song for the finale by going through an entire box of tapes, listening to each one. According to Ortega, literally the last tape they listened to had \"The Time of My Life\", which they saw as the obvious choice. Ienner then insisted that Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes record it. The song won the 1988 Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group,",
"title": "Dirty Dancing"
},
{
"id": "15008634",
"text": "The Time (Dirty Bit) \"The Time (Dirty Bit)\" is a song by American musical group The Black Eyed Peas from their sixth studio album, \"The Beginning\". The song was released as the album's lead single on November 5, 2010. The chorus of the song interpolates \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" from the 1987 film \"Dirty Dancing\". The song peaked at number four on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the US, becoming the group's sixth consecutive top ten hit (following the five singles from their previous album, \"The E.N.D\"), and ninth overall. It topped the charts in Australia, Austria,",
"title": "The Time (Dirty Bit)"
},
{
"id": "7997365",
"text": "He had success with the song \"Sweetheart\" in 1981, but by 1986 was without a recording contract. In late 1986 or early 1987, producer and head of Millennium Records, Jimmy Ienner, asked Previte about writing some music for \"a little movie called \"Dirty Dancing\"\". Previte initially turned the request down because he was still trying to get a record deal, but Ienner was persistent, and got Previte to write several songs for the film, including \"Hungry Eyes\", later recorded by singer Eric Carmen, which also became a top 10 hit. Previte wrote the lyrics, and the music was written by",
"title": "(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
},
{
"id": "3186464",
"text": "quotes ever\", for Baby's line: \"I'm scared of walking out of this room and never feeling the rest of my whole life the way I feel when I'm with you.\" The film's music has also had considerable impact. The closing song, \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", has been listed as the \"third most popular song played at funerals\" in the UK. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: Rehearsals for the dancing, and some filming, used music from Bergstein's personal collection of gramophone records. When it came time to select actual music for the",
"title": "Dirty Dancing"
},
{
"id": "6101483",
"text": "Warnes, \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", was included on the \"Dirty Dancing\" soundtrack album, and the single reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song won Medley and Warnes a 1988 Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and an Academy Award for Best Original Song for the composers. \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" is now seen and heard ubiquitously on TV and radio commercials-- covered by singers other than Medley and Warnes--usually connected with vacation, cruise, resort, and other such holiday-themed advertisers. Among his other notable songs",
"title": "Bill Medley"
},
{
"id": "6768625",
"text": "singles and two Top 50 albums. Franke and the Knockouts' biggest single, \"Sweetheart\", was written by Previte and Knockout guitarist Billy Elworthy and became a Top 10 hit in 1981. The group's other two Top 40 hits were \"You're My Girl\" and \"Without You (Not Another Lonely Night)\". The band switched to MCA Records in 1984, but they split up around 1986. Franke Previte co-wrote music for the hit soundtrack to the 1987 movie \"Dirty Dancing\", including \"(I've Had) the Time of My Life,\" and Eric Carmen's hit \"Hungry Eyes\". That same year Previte also received a Golden Globe and",
"title": "Franke Previte"
},
{
"id": "4555943",
"text": "Red † 1985: \"Say You, Say Me\" Music & Lyrics by Lionel Richie, performed by Lionel Richie – White Nights † 1986: \"Take My Breath Away\" Lyrics by Tom Whitlock, Music by Giorgio Moroder, performed by Berlin – Top Gun † 1987: \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" Lyrics by Franke Previte, Music by John DeNicola & Donald Markowitz, performed by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes – Dirty Dancing † 1988 (TIE): \"Let the River Run\" Music & Lyrics by Carly Simon, performed by Carly Simon – Working Girl\" † / \"Two Hearts\" Lyrics by Phil Collins, Music by",
"title": "Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song"
},
{
"id": "15008636",
"text": "coincidental relation to \"Dirty Dancing\" actress Jennifer Grey's appearance on \"Dancing with the Stars\": \"... that song reminds me of [Grey] and \"Dirty Dancing\" and that whole time\". The chorus of \"The Time (Dirty Bit)\" interpolates \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", originally performed by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes in the 1987 film \"Dirty Dancing\". In the chorus, the line \"Yes I swear it's the truth\" was changed to \"And I swear this is true\". \"Billboard\" described the song as continuing the group's \"evolution from hip-pop to dance heavyweights as will.i.am and Fergie sing and rap over a",
"title": "The Time (Dirty Bit)"
},
{
"id": "3186439",
"text": "practiced throughout the summer, ending with Baby successfully performing the climactic lift. Jake admits he was wrong about Johnny and he and Baby embrace. The staff and guests all join Baby and Johnny dancing to \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\". \"Note:\" Actress Jane Brucker wrote the song \"Hula Hana\", which she performed in her role of Lisa in the show rehearsal scene. \"Dirty Dancing\" is based in large part on screenwriter Eleanor Bergstein's own childhood: she is the younger daughter of a Jewish doctor from New York, spent summers with her family in the Catskills, participated in \"Dirty",
"title": "Dirty Dancing"
},
{
"id": "353810",
"text": "in the 1980s. In 1984, he scored country hits with \"Till Your Memory's Gone\" and \"I Still Do\", the latter also an adult-contemporary crossover hit. In late 1987, his duet with Jennifer Warnes, \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", which appeared on the soundtrack for \"Dirty Dancing\", topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It won them a Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals. In 1990, the original recording of \"Unchained Melody\" was featured in the popular feature film \"Ghost\", starring Patrick Swayze and Demi Moore. It triggered an avalanche of requests to Top",
"title": "The Righteous Brothers"
},
{
"id": "8525927",
"text": "responds to his own question by saying \"play that same song,\" a reference to the fact that the song being played in the film scene lasts a long time. Obi-Wan sings a rendition of \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" from the film \"Dirty Dancing\", in case he never sees Luke again. In a fight with a group of TIE fighters, Luke asks the origins behind their name; the following scene then shows that the pilots are from Thailand. Leslie Nielsen's character from the movie \"Airplane!\" wishes Han good luck during their encounter with the TIE fighters. When seeking",
"title": "Blue Harvest"
},
{
"id": "15064564",
"text": "Living Years\", Train's \"Hey, Soul Sister\", \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" from the film \"Dirty Dancing\", \"Valerie\" by The Zutons (although specifically a cover of the version by Mark Ronson featuring Amy Winehouse), and Florence and the Machine's \"Dog Days Are Over\". Each song was released as a single, available for digital download, with two separate versions of \"Don't Cry for Me Argentina\" released—one by Chris Colfer (Kurt) and the other by Lea Michele (Rachel). \"Valerie\" and \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" are included on the fifth soundtrack album \"\", released on November 26, 2010, and",
"title": "Special Education (Glee)"
},
{
"id": "19390565",
"text": "Dirty Dancing (2017 film) Dirty Dancing is a 2017 American television film directed by Wayne Blair and written by Jessica Sharzer. It is a remake of the 1987 film of the same name. The film stars Abigail Breslin, Colt Prattes, Debra Messing, Bruce Greenwood, Sarah Hyland, Nicole Scherzinger and Tony Roberts. It aired on May 24, 2017, on ABC. In its original broadcast, the film was seen by 6.61 million viewers with a 1.4 Nielsen rating in the 18-49 age demographic and a 5 share. It received negative reviews from a majority of critics, although Scherzinger's performance received praise. The",
"title": "Dirty Dancing (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "5325658",
"text": "were all out on the dance floor. In seasons 9 and 10, three tribute performances were done to honor the memory of artists and others. The first was a tribute to recently deceased actor Patrick Swayze, on Sep 23, 2009. \"She's Like the Wind\" from the \"Dirty Dancing\" soundtrack (originally written by Swayze for \"Dirty Dancing\"), \"Unchained Melody\" from his film \"Ghost\", and \"(I've Had) The Time of my Life\" from \"Dirty Dancing\" were performed by select professional dancers of the show. On Oct 20, 2009, a tribute was done for singer and dancer, Michael Jackson. \"I Want You Back\",",
"title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18561297",
"text": "Michael Lloyd (music producer) Michael Jeffrey Lloyd (born November 3, 1948) is an American record producer, arranger, songwriter and musician. After working with Mike Curb, Kim Fowley and others in the mid and late 1960s on musical projects including the West Coast Pop Art Experimental Band, and Steven Spielberg's first short film, \"Amblin'\", he became a producer of such teen idol pop stars as The Osmonds, Shaun Cassidy, and Leif Garrett in the 1970s. During the 1980s, he supervised the music soundtrack for the movie \"Dirty Dancing\", and produced the hit \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", as well",
"title": "Michael Lloyd (music producer)"
},
{
"id": "8341637",
"text": "another hit from the \"Dirty Dancing\" soundtrack, \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\". The music video featured Carmen with model Sally Steele, who later founded \"Vegas Rocks! Magazine\". Eric Carmen, the performer of \"Hungry Eyes\", had been the vocalist of the Raspberries. Carmen released his first solo album \"Eric Carmen\", which contained the worldwide hit with \"All By Myself\". \"Hungry Eyes\" was his biggest hit and was written in 1984 by John DeNicola and Franke Previte. It was originally recorded by Previte's band, Frankie and The Knockouts for their album Making The Points. Jimmy Ienner, the producer of Carmen's",
"title": "Hungry Eyes"
},
{
"id": "7997367",
"text": "more youthful version was used as a backing track, so that the actors, Patrick Swayze and Jennifer Grey, and the dancers, could have something to dance to (Swayze had later remarked it was his favorite version, even including all the subsequent remakes). The demo version finally appeared on the 1998 CD reissue of Previte's 1981 album \"Franke and the Knockouts\", but is only listed as \"Bonus Track\". The song was initially intended for Donna Summer and Joe Esposito, but Summer turned it down because she didn't like the title of the film. Bill Medley was approached by Jimmy Ienner repeatedly",
"title": "(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
},
{
"id": "3186473",
"text": "Met Your Mother\", Barney Stinson attempts to pass off the \"Dirty Dancing\" story as the story of his own loss of virginity because he is ashamed of his actual story; the original \"Love is Strange\" scene is shown with Barney replacing Johnny. In \"Coronation Street\" in 2018 the famous lift dance sequence was rehearsed for the 2018 wedding of Steve McDonald and Tracy Barlow and was also performed to \"The Time of My Life\" as in the film. The French film \"Heartbreaker\" (2010) pays homage to the film, as a plot detail, with some clips from the film shown and",
"title": "Dirty Dancing"
},
{
"id": "18561312",
"text": "children. Michael Lloyd (music producer) Michael Jeffrey Lloyd (born November 3, 1948) is an American record producer, arranger, songwriter and musician. After working with Mike Curb, Kim Fowley and others in the mid and late 1960s on musical projects including the West Coast Pop Art Experimental Band, and Steven Spielberg's first short film, \"Amblin'\", he became a producer of such teen idol pop stars as The Osmonds, Shaun Cassidy, and Leif Garrett in the 1970s. During the 1980s, he supervised the music soundtrack for the movie \"Dirty Dancing\", and produced the hit \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", as",
"title": "Michael Lloyd (music producer)"
},
{
"id": "9249017",
"text": "1 of the same year. In 1988, \"Shakedown\" was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but it lost both awards to \"Dirty Dancing\"s \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\". At the 60th Academy Awards, \"Shakedown\" was performed by Little Richard. Initially, Seger's friend and fellow Detroiter, Glenn Frey, was the first choice to record \"Shakedown\", after having a hit with \"The Heat Is On\" from \"Beverly Hills Cop\". Frey did not like the lyrics and then came down with laryngitis, so the song was given to Seger.",
"title": "Shakedown (Bob Seger song)"
},
{
"id": "19390569",
"text": "Baby's father. Billy Dee Williams as Tito, the band leader, Shane Harper as Robbie, joined the cast of the movie alongside Beau “Casper” Smart and J. Quinton Johnson. Later that month, Trevor Einhorn was tapped to play Neil Kellerman. In April 2016, Katey Sagal and Tony Roberts were respectively cast as Vivian Pressman and Max Kellerman. Filming was based in Hendersonville, North Carolina. Most of the filming locations were across western North Carolina including Hendersonville Asheville, Cashiers and Saluda, with filming taking place in April and May 2016. People living in the Hendersonville area served as crew members, extras and",
"title": "Dirty Dancing (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "16427504",
"text": "\"Man or Muppet\", which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song. The soundtrack was also nominated for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media at the 55th Grammy Awards. Songs not included in the album, but featured in the film include Gary Numan's \"Cars\", AC/DC's \"Back in Black\", George Thorogood's \"Bad to the Bone\", Jeff Moss' \"Together Again\" (from \"The Muppets Take Manhattan\") and Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes' \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\". A Spanish version of the soundtrack was released as \"Los Muppets: Banda Sonora Original de Walt Disney Records\" on December 6, 2011. The Spanish",
"title": "The Muppets (soundtrack)"
},
{
"id": "6847993",
"text": "on Belinda Carlisle's \"Mad About You\", Eric Carmen's \"Make Me Lose Control\" and \"Time of My Life\" and \"She's Like The Wind\" from the \"Dirty Dancing\" soundtrack. Juber also unsuccessfully auditioned for the heavy metal band Alcatrazz in its formative stages. Juber co-composed the soundtrack of the award-winning video game \"Diablo III\" and crafted the score to the \"Dateline NBC\" documentary \"Children of the Harvest\". His music is also featured in the Ken Burns TV documentary \"The Tenth Inning\". With his wife, Hope Juber, he has composed the scores to the musical comedies \"Gilligan's Island: The Musical\", \"A Very Brady",
"title": "Laurence Juber"
},
{
"id": "19146526",
"text": "Run.\" \"The words are issuing a warning to Chris,\" Peele said. \"The whole idea of the movie is 'Get out!' — it's what we're screaming at the character on-screen.\" The song \"Redbone\" by Childish Gambino appears at the movie's beginning. Other songs in the film include \"Run Rabbit Run\" by Flanagan and Allen and \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes. \"The Guardian\" wrote, \"The thing \"Get Out\" does so well – and the thing that will rankle with some viewers – is to show how, however unintentionally, these same people can make life",
"title": "Get Out"
},
{
"id": "4728584",
"text": "Lee Curtis' character in the film. However, the song was not used in that film. During production of \"Dirty Dancing\" in 1987, Swayze played the demo for producer Linda Gottlieb and director Emile Ardolino. They loved it and passed it on to Jimmy Ienner and Bob Feiden, the soundtrack's executive producers. It was recorded for the soundtrack in November 1986, with Michael Lloyd producing. The song, like the film in which it was featured, was a success, reaching number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number one on Adult Contemporary, and was a hit around the world. It is",
"title": "She's Like the Wind"
},
{
"id": "19390573",
"text": "of the original.\" \"Dirty Dancing\" averaged a 1.3 rating in adults 18-49 and 6.6 million viewers, airing from 8 p.m. to 11 p.m. The remake gave ABC its most-watched Wednesday in nearly seven months, but was also considered to be a disappointment in the ratings and lost the evening to the CBS season finale of Survivor. Dirty Dancing (2017 film) Dirty Dancing is a 2017 American television film directed by Wayne Blair and written by Jessica Sharzer. It is a remake of the 1987 film of the same name. The film stars Abigail Breslin, Colt Prattes, Debra Messing, Bruce Greenwood,",
"title": "Dirty Dancing (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "15216962",
"text": "collaboration with Franke Previte and Donald Markowitz on the award-winning songs for \"Dirty Dancing\". DeNicola shared an imprint, Omad/Paradigm Records, through which he produced a number of albums, before creating his own studio, \"Jake's Kitchen Sink\". Kara's Flowers, who went on to become Maroon 5, are among the artists he has produced for. DeNicola continues to write songs and works with new musical talent. John DeNicola John DeNicola (born October 4, 1955) is an American songwriter and producer. He is best known for co-writing the song \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", for which he won both an Academy",
"title": "John DeNicola"
},
{
"id": "18675241",
"text": "[MarchFourth Marching Band], the [Soul Rebels], Grammy-winning artist [Billy Branch], Bobby Rush, and The University of Wyoming's Symphony Orchestra. The band began to reach acclaim after their collaboration with producer Donny Markowitz (Oscar and Grammy winning songwriter for smash hit \"I've Had the Time of My Life\" from Dirty Dancing) and engineer Tony Sheppherd (Whitney Houston, Kenny Loggins) in 2011 with their album \"Up From the Tracks\". \"Decisions\" features a number of well known blues, funk, and gospel performers. Joining the band on “Another Murder in New Orleans” is Grammy-winning artist [Dr. John]. The song has been licensed by the",
"title": "Blinddog Smokin'"
},
{
"id": "3186465",
"text": "film, Vestron chose Jimmy Ienner as music supervisor. Ienner, who had previously produced albums and songs for John Lennon and Three Dog Night, opted to stick with much of the music that had already been used during filming and obtained licenses for the songs from Bergstein's collection. He also enlisted Swayze to sing the new song \"She's Like the Wind\". Swayze had written the song a few years earlier with Stacy Widelitz, originally intending for it to be used in the film \"Grandview, U.S.A.\" (1984). John Morris composed the film's score. The lyrics for the Kellermans' song that closes the",
"title": "Dirty Dancing"
},
{
"id": "8538776",
"text": "film \"The Nude Bomb\", and the song \"Yes\" from \"Dirty Dancing\", which hit #45 on the Hot 100. In 1987, Clayton co-starred with Ally Sheedy in the film \"Maid to Order\" and played Verna Dee Jordan in the final season of \"Cagney & Lacey\". In 1989, she recorded a cover of \"Almost Paradise\" with Eric Carmen. In 1994 Clayton recorded backing vocals for and sang the \"Man with the Golden Gun\" bridge on Tori Amos's hit, \"Cornflake Girl\". In 2006, Clayton provided background vocals for Sparta's album \"Threes\" on the songs \"Atlas\" and \"Translations\". She was featured in the documentary",
"title": "Merry Clayton"
},
{
"id": "11379687",
"text": "dance, won by Kade singing 'Ain't That a Kick in the Head', giving him first pick at the partner. He was also given immunity from the weeks dance off. In second place was Caoife who sang live, giving her second pick and in third place was Emma who did a striptease while using a hula hoop. Since moving to LA Pamela has featured as a Dancer for such artists as Lady Gaga, Usher, Toni Braxton, Janet Jackson and Katy Perry. Caoife Coleman features in music videos for dance act Ultrabeat. Ashley Goddard can be seen in the 5th episode of",
"title": "Dirty Dancing: The Time of Your Life"
},
{
"id": "12401692",
"text": "1/2 unendurable hours. Director Judd Apatow wrote the script and it's vulgar, in fact it's ineffable, because without the letter F, he would have no script.\" Funny People: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on July 28, 2009. Bonus tracks on iTunes release: The film also features \"Joanna\" by Kool & The Gang, \"Three Little Birds\" by Bob Marley, \"Diamond Dave\" by The Bird and the Bee, \"Man in the Box\" by Alice in Chains, \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" by Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes, \"Walk Like an Egyptian\" by The Bangles, \"In Private\" by Paul McCartney,",
"title": "Funny People"
},
{
"id": "11993301",
"text": "number one spot, including Elvis' \"Heartbreak Hotel\" in 1956. The song hit the number one spot on the \"Billboard\" Hot AC chart fifteen times, passing the fourteen-week mark that Whitney Houston hit with Dolly Parton's \"I Will Always Love You\" in 1993. The Time of My Life (David Cook song) \"The Time of My Life\" is the debut single by American singer-songwriter David Cook, released through RCA Records and 19 Entertainment on May 22, 2008 after Cook won the seventh season of \"American Idol\". It was written by Regie Hamm and produced by Steve Lipson. The song is included as",
"title": "The Time of My Life (David Cook song)"
},
{
"id": "15008637",
"text": "beat tailored to global dancefloors.\" Simon Vozick-Levinson of \"Entertainment Weekly\" praised the song's catchiness, but felt it failed to meet the standards of previous singles \"Boom Boom Pow\" and \"I Gotta Feeling\". Franke Previte, who won an Academy Award for co-writing \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", complimented The Black Eyed Peas' sample usage, saying, \"It just reconfirms to me that the song is cross-generational. The song has now crossed over to the next generation in a huge way.\" Willa Paskin of \"New York\", however, criticized the choice of sample and was disappointed with the chorus, feeling it was",
"title": "The Time (Dirty Bit)"
},
{
"id": "7997368",
"text": "over two months to do the recording, but he also turned it down because his daughter McKenna was due to be born, and he had promised his wife he would be there. After the birth of his daughter, Medley was approached again, because Jennifer Warnes had indicated she would record the song if she could do the duet with Medley. Medley then agreed to record the track. With the release of the film it became a worldwide hit, and is one of the most frequently played songs on radio. A song by Lionel Richie was initially planned to be used",
"title": "(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
},
{
"id": "7150812",
"text": "Sexy Thing\" while presenting the \"Hottest in the Office\" award. Originally, a parody of Eminem's 2002 hit \"Lose Yourself\" was slated to be featured in the episode, but was axed when Eminem refused to allow permission. In the background of one scene, Michael is seen singing the 1987 song \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\", by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes. The final scene in the episode features \"Tiny Dancer\" playing over the actual footage of the show. \"The Dundies\" originally aired on NBC in the United States on September 20, 2005. In its original American broadcast, the episode",
"title": "The Dundies"
},
{
"id": "7997366",
"text": "John DeNicola and Don Markowitz. After getting further approval, Previte created a demo of the song, performing on it himself, along with singer Rachele Cappelli. The demo showcased how the harmonies were to be used, employing a \"cold open\", or a slow build-up of the song to its finale. This demo wasn't used in the final cut of the film − the more polished version with Warnes and Medley was. However, because the Warnes/Medley track was not ready by the time the finale was filmed (it was shot first, due to the tight budget), Previte and Capelli's much lighter and",
"title": "(I've Had) The Time of My Life"
},
{
"id": "8669585",
"text": "musical \"Cats\" for which she received a Laurence Olivier Award nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Since then, she shifted her focus back to television, winning \"I Can Do That\" (2015), co-hosting \"Best Time Ever with Neil Patrick Harris\" (2015), appearing as panelist on \"Bring the Noise\" (2015), and starring in the television film \"Dirty Dancing\" (2017). Throughout her career, she has sold over 16 million records as a solo artist, and a further 54 million with the Pussycat Dolls. Her other ventures include clothing lines, a fragrance and serves as an ambassador for UNICEF UK and the",
"title": "Nicole Scherzinger"
},
{
"id": "6332529",
"text": "single in the UK, peaking at No.8 in January 1964, three years after the Zodiacs' version had peaked at No.14 on the U.K. charts (January 1961). Later versions of \"Stay\", by the Four Seasons (1963) and Jackson Browne (1978), reached the Top 20 in the U.S., each selling over one million copies in the United States alone. The inclusion of the Zodiacs' \"Stay\" on the soundtrack to the film \"Dirty Dancing\" in 1987 led to the song selling more records than it had during its original release. A 1965 recording by the group, \"May I\", released by Vee Jay Records",
"title": "Maurice Williams and the Zodiacs"
},
{
"id": "14272437",
"text": "the tickets after choreography round. \"Judges:\" Agustin Egurrola, Weronika Marczuk-Pazura, Michał Piróg Group Performance: Fever — Michael Bublé Group Performance: Fame - Irena Care/Wait a Minute - Pussycat Dolls & Timbaland Group Performance: Top 16: (I've Had) The Time of My Life - Dirty Dancing soundtrack The Song during Top 10 Performances is Gotta Work - Amerie You Can Dance – Po Prostu Tańcz! (season 1) The first season of You Can Dance - Po prostu Tańcz. The dancers compete to win PLN 100,000 and a 3-month scholarship in dance school Broadway Dance Center, but first they have to go",
"title": "You Can Dance – Po Prostu Tańcz! (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "2768385",
"text": "Adam Levine and Jesse Carmichael joined up with Mickey Madden and Ryan Dusick to form Kara's Flowers, a rock band. The name was taken from a girl that went to their high school that the band had a \"collective crush\" on. In 1997, when the band was playing at a beach party in Malibu, independent producer Tommy Allen heard them play and offered to manage them and record a complete record with his partner, songwriter John DeNicola, who is known for his work on \"Dirty Dancing\" (1987)including \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\". Producer Rob Cavallo's management team heard",
"title": "Maroon 5"
},
{
"id": "19390568",
"text": "by Jessica Sharzer. Allison Shearmur was attached to the project as executive producer. Abigail Breslin had been officially attached as Baby, while the studio would green-light the project after further casting. In January 2016, ABC officially green-lit the project after Debra Messing was cast as Baby's mother. The following month, after a lengthy audition process, dancer Colt Prattes was announced as Johnny, the role originally played by Patrick Swayze. In March 2016, it was announced that Nicole Scherzinger would co-star as Penny, Johnny's dance partner, alongside Sarah Hyland as Lisa Houseman, Baby's sister, and Bruce Greenwood as Dr. Jake Houseman,",
"title": "Dirty Dancing (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "4728583",
"text": "She's Like the Wind \"She's Like the Wind\" is a 1987 power ballad from the film \"Dirty Dancing\", performed by Patrick Swayze. Though Swayze is the primary vocalist on the single, it was billed as being performed by \"Patrick Swayze & Wendy Fraser”. Fraser is heard throughout much of the song, specifically in the final chorus. The single reached number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number one on the Adult Contemporary chart. Swayze and Stacy Widelitz co-wrote the song in 1984. It was originally intended for the soundtrack of \"Grandview, U.S.A.\" and was meant to be about Jamie",
"title": "She's Like the Wind"
},
{
"id": "11783951",
"text": "a publishing, management and production company which represented such artists as Three Dog Night, Grand Funk Railroad, Blood, Sweat & Tears, Air Supply, Raspberries, and Eric Carmen. Records that Ienner was involved with usually bear his distinctive logo next to his name—a widely smiling pair of lips. Jimmy Ienner is a producer, advisor, publisher and consultant. He was the key music producer for the 1987 film \"Dirty Dancing\" and co-executive produced the soundtrack with Bob Feiden. The film was shot to oldies songs from the personal collection of Eleanor Bergstein, the film's writer and producer. Ienner obtained licenses for the",
"title": "Jimmy Ienner"
},
{
"id": "8065483",
"text": "same release has the original 2:54 minute hit version. This song was in the soundtrack for \"Dirty Dancing\" (1987), \"Sleepwalkers\" (1992), and \"Getting Even with Dad\" (1994). It was featured in the 1979 movie \"The Wanderers\". The song also had an appearance in \"Beethoven's 2nd\", where George Newton (Charles Grodin) dances to the song while preparing his breakfast. Was also in Teen Wolf Too, sang by Jason Bateman in 1987. Do You Love Me \"Do You Love Me\" is a 1962 hit single recorded by The Contours for Motown's Gordy Records label. Written and produced by Motown CEO Berry Gordy,",
"title": "Do You Love Me"
},
{
"id": "2717401",
"text": "success. It was the first film to sell one million copies on video, and as of 2009, it had earned over $214 million worldwide and spawned several alternative versions, ranging from a television series to stage productions to a computer game. Swayze received a Golden Globe Award nomination for the role, and sang one of the songs on the soundtrack, \"She's Like the Wind\", which he had originally co-written with Stacy Widelitz for the film \"Grandview, U.S.A.\" (1984). The song became a top-10 hit and has been covered by other artists. After \"Dirty Dancing\", Swayze found himself in great acting",
"title": "Patrick Swayze"
},
{
"id": "13064898",
"text": "The Climb (song) \"The Climb\" is a song performed by American singer Miley Cyrus, for the 2009 film \"\". The song was written by Jessi Alexander and Jon Mabe, and produced by John Shanks. It was released on March 5, 2009, as the lead single of the film's by Walt Disney Records, and is also included as a bonus track on the international release of \"The Time of Our Lives\". The song is a power ballad with lyrics that describe life as a difficult but rewarding journey. It is styled as a country pop ballad, and was Cyrus' first solo",
"title": "The Climb (song)"
},
{
"id": "638026",
"text": "rock, and ska, to an acoustic ballad. \"Nimrod\" entered the charts at number 10. The success of \"Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)\" won the band an MTV Video Award for Best Alternative Video. The song was also used in the second \"clip show\" episode of \"Seinfeld\" and on two episodes of \"ER\". The other singles released from \"Nimrod\" were \"Nice Guys Finish Last\", \"Hitchin' a Ride\" and \"Redundant\". The band made a guest appearance in an episode of \"King of the Hill\" entitled \"The Man Who Shot Cane Skretteberg\", which aired in 1997. In late 1997 and most of",
"title": "Green Day"
},
{
"id": "11379684",
"text": "Dirty Dancing: The Time of Your Life Dirty Dancing: The Time of Your Life is a dance show created for Living as a tribute to \"Dirty Dancing\"'s 20th anniversary in 2007. Due to the success of the show, a second series was shown in 2008. Sixteen dancers (twenty in series 2) from all over Britain compete for a dance contract with Los Angeles-based dance agency BLOC. The couples will stay at the Mountain Lake resort in Virginia. Each week they perform a dance in front of guests from the mountain lake resort and the judges. Each week the dancers pick",
"title": "Dirty Dancing: The Time of Your Life"
},
{
"id": "3186281",
"text": "Jennifer Grey Jennifer Grey (born March 26, 1960) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in the 1980s films \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" (1986) and \"Dirty Dancing\" (1987), for which Grey earned a Golden Globe Award nomination. Her television work includes her 2010 victory in season eleven of \"Dancing with the Stars\", and starring in the Amazon Studios comedy series \"Red Oaks\". Grey is the daughter of Academy Award–winning actor Joel Grey and former actress/singer Jo Wilder. Jennifer Grey was born on March 26, 1960 in Manhattan, the daughter of stage and Academy Award-winning screen actor Joel",
"title": "Jennifer Grey"
},
{
"id": "13764429",
"text": "work with Dream Theater (\"Images & Words\" and \"A change of seasons\"), Firehouse (\"Firehouse\" and \"Hold your fire\") and 2 hit singles from the \"Dirty Dancing\" movie original soundtrack, \"Hungry eyes\" and \"Time of my life\". Against all odds, based on the precariousness of the Chilean musical rock scene, the band pulled their efforts together and found the way to hire Prater to produce their second album. Because there were no precedents of this kind of music in the Latin scene, the band decided to record in their native language, Spanish, and developed a power and modern sound, creating \"Nuevos",
"title": "Fahrenheit (Chilean band)"
},
{
"id": "4313642",
"text": "directed short film 'Yennam'. Good Riddance (Time of Your Life) \"Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)\" is a song by the American punk rock band Green Day. Although written by lead singer Billie Joe Armstrong before the release of the band's third album \"Dookie\" (1994), the song was not released until Green Day's fifth album, \"Nimrod\" (1997), and was the second single released from that album. An alternative version (in a different key, with a faster tempo and sparer arrangement) appeared as a B-side to the 1995 European single for \"Brain Stew/Jaded\". It has become a staple of the band's",
"title": "Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)"
},
{
"id": "16446286",
"text": "Trudy Young Trudy Young (born ) is a Canadian actress. Her career began in 1963 with appearances on CBC's \"Time of Your Life\". She became a regular host of \"Razzle Dazzle\" in 1965 while attending school at Alderwood Collegiate. She appeared in films throughout the 1970s and 1980s such as \"Face-Off\" (1971). In 1979 Young was hired to supply the voice of the groupie on the track \"One of My Turns\" from Pink Floyd's album \"The Wall\". She was nominated as best supporting actress in the 4th Genie Awards for her role in the film \"Melanie\" (1982). Young retired from",
"title": "Trudy Young"
},
{
"id": "3186482",
"text": "Abigail Breslin, Colt Prattes, Debra Messing, Sarah Hyland, Nicole Scherzinger, Billy Dee Williams & Shane Harper. It aired on May 24, 2017. It received negative reviews from a majority of critics. Dirty Dancing Dirty Dancing is a 1987 American romantic drama dance film written by Eleanor Bergstein and directed by Emile Ardolino. It stars Jennifer Grey as Frances \"Baby\" Houseman, a young woman who falls in love with dance instructor Johnny Castle (Patrick Swayze) at her family's resort. The film was based on screenwriter Eleanor Bergstein's own childhood. She originally wrote a screenplay for the Michael Douglas film \"It's My",
"title": "Dirty Dancing"
},
{
"id": "13064938",
"text": "his peers. The Climb (song) \"The Climb\" is a song performed by American singer Miley Cyrus, for the 2009 film \"\". The song was written by Jessi Alexander and Jon Mabe, and produced by John Shanks. It was released on March 5, 2009, as the lead single of the film's by Walt Disney Records, and is also included as a bonus track on the international release of \"The Time of Our Lives\". The song is a power ballad with lyrics that describe life as a difficult but rewarding journey. It is styled as a country pop ballad, and was Cyrus'",
"title": "The Climb (song)"
},
{
"id": "14513761",
"text": "Love Me?. Kimberley Walsh sings She's Like The Wind with Nicola Roberts as back up, and Cheryl Cole and Nicola Roberts take lead vocals in (I've Had) The Time of my Life. The girls do the signature lift from the movie during Time Of My Life. This ends the summer themed second act. The 3rd section takes a gangsta theme and the girls return to the stage wearing Black & White Gangsta suits, singing their #1 debut single Sound Of The Underground, performing the signature choreography with microphone stands. This is then followed by a reggae remix of Life Got",
"title": "The Greatest Hits Tour (Girls Aloud)"
},
{
"id": "8065480",
"text": "their album \"Saturday Night at the Movies\". In February 2015, Chester See & Andy Lange uploaded a cover of \"Do You Love Me\" to See's YouTube channel. In 2017 Colt Prattes, Nicole Scherzinger, and J. Quinton Johnson covered the song for ABC's \"Dirty Dancing\" movie remake. In 2018, Ian Gillan and the Javelins recorded a version as the lead single of their self-titled album of rock and roll covers. \"Do You Love Me\" is featured prominently in the 1987 film \"Dirty Dancing\", reviving the record's popularity. Re-issued as a single from the \"More Dirty Dancing\" soundtrack album, \"Do You Love",
"title": "Do You Love Me"
},
{
"id": "12799276",
"text": "with her cast members and garnering a Critics' Choice Television Award nomination Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Hyland is also known for her roles in the films \"Geek Charming\" (2011), \"Struck by Lightning\" (2012), \"Scary Movie 5\" (2013), \"Vampire Academy\" (2014), \"See You in Valhalla\" (2015) and \"Dirty Dancing\" (2017). Hyland was born in Manhattan, New York, the daughter of actors Melissa Canaday and Edward James Hyland. She is the sister of actor Ian Hyland. She attended the Professional Performing Arts School in Manhattan. Hyland has been acting since her first role as Howard Stern's daughter in the",
"title": "Sarah Hyland"
},
{
"id": "4313641",
"text": "the Past 20 Years (1995–2015). On March 25, 2016, the Golden State Warriors used Green Day's song to honor David Lee in a tribute video. Lee played with the Warriors from 2010 to 2015 and became part of the 2014–2015 championship squad. This song has also been used on radio stations as a last song before changing formats. The most recent use of this song as a last song was on WISX in Philadelphia, when it dropped its Hot AC format for Rhythmic AC on June 29, 2017. The song is covered by the protagonist John in the Vishal Gupta",
"title": "Good Riddance (Time of Your Life)"
},
{
"id": "11783952",
"text": "songs in her collection, chose other artists, and also enlisted star Patrick Swayze to sing \"She's Like the Wind\", Swayze had written the song a few years earlier with Stacy Widelitz, originally intending for it to be used in the 1984 film \"Grandview, U.S.A.\" with Jamie Lee Curtis and C. Thomas Howell. Ienner was also executive producer for the \"Dirty Dancing\" soundtrack album with the film's music. The film's popularity caught the producers by surprise, and the album had one million copies on back order before a single had even been released. The album spent 18 weeks at number 1",
"title": "Jimmy Ienner"
},
{
"id": "8008969",
"text": "Nominees: Winner: \"Dirty Dancing soundtrack\" - various artists Other Nominees: Winner: \"Looking Up\" - The Hugh Fraser Quintet Other Nominees: Winner: \"The Return of the Formerly Brothers\" - Amos Garrett, Doug Sahm and Gene Taylor Other Nominees: Winner: \"Try\" - Blue Rodeo Other Nominees: Winner: \"Songs of Paradise\" - Alexina Louie Winner: \"Pump Up the Volume\" - MARRS Other Nominees: Winner: \"Angel\" - Erroll Starr Other Nominees: Winner: \"Conditions Critical\" - Lillian Allen Other Nominees: Winner: Michael Buckley, \"Try\" - Blue Rodeo Other Nominees: Juno Awards of 1989 The Juno Awards of 1989, representing Canadian music industry achievements of the",
"title": "Juno Awards of 1989"
},
{
"id": "11379685",
"text": "a partner and perform a dance chosen by the judges. The judges then deliberate and choose that week's best couple and worst couple. The worst couple is then sent home. The judging panel for the first series consisted of three people: The series was commissioned by Clare Hollywood, with Glen Middleham as executive producer, Andrew Robertson as series producer, and Ed Sayer as series editor. Dirty Dancing: The Time of Your Life, series 2 was shown during the later summer of 2008. Filming began at the Mountain Lake resort on 1 June 2008. The series first aired on Wednesday 10",
"title": "Dirty Dancing: The Time of Your Life"
},
{
"id": "1850698",
"text": "his concerts were popular in Europe. He also performed at the \"Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute\" concert at Wembley Stadium in 1988. His fourth album, 1989's \"Revolution\", attracted little attention. In 1995, Van Zandt wrote, produced, and sang \"The Time of Your Life\" for the soundtrack to the film \"Nine Months\". He also toured with Bon Jovi during the first European leg of their These Days Tour. Due to a loss of recording contract, his next album, \"Born Again Savage\", was not released until 1999. Since then, Van Zandt has recorded another album, \"Nobody Loves and Leaves Alive\" with his",
"title": "Steven Van Zandt"
},
{
"id": "11993292",
"text": "The Time of My Life (David Cook song) \"The Time of My Life\" is the debut single by American singer-songwriter David Cook, released through RCA Records and 19 Entertainment on May 22, 2008 after Cook won the seventh season of \"American Idol\". It was written by Regie Hamm and produced by Steve Lipson. The song is included as a bonus track on his self-titled debut major-label album. \"The Time of My Life\" debuted at number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and at number two on the \"Billboard\" Canadian Hot 100. The song was a success at adult radio, peaking",
"title": "The Time of My Life (David Cook song)"
},
{
"id": "18456391",
"text": "over 180 million views. The video shows Pitbull and Ne-Yo saving up their spare money to save up for a New Year's Eve party in 1999. Pitbull appears in an old school Varsity jacket dancing while Ne-Yo sings along in the crowd of women while sporting a fitted hat and Aviators. Fergie is at the party. The song is featured in the pilot episode of \"Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life\", and the 2016 films \"The 5th Wave\" and \"Office Christmas Party\". Time of Our Lives (Pitbull and Ne-Yo song) \"Time of Our Lives\" (often sung as \"Time of My",
"title": "Time of Our Lives (Pitbull and Ne-Yo song)"
},
{
"id": "4728585",
"text": "still in circulation on radio. The soundtrack album was number one for 18 weeks (9 weeks from December 5 1987 to 9 January 1988, then 9 weeks from March 12 to May 7 1988) Swayze co-wrote and performed two tracks on the soundtrack to the film \"Road House\" (1989), plus he co-wrote and performed a duet with Larry Gatlin for the film \"Next of Kin\" (1989). The music video in black and white features clips from the movie \"Dirty Dancing.\" The video can be seen on the \"Ultimate Dirty Dancing\" DVD. The song was released commercially on 7\" vinyl in",
"title": "She's Like the Wind"
},
{
"id": "9455726",
"text": "the biggest grossing soundtrack albums of all time, including \"American Graffiti\" and \"\" (\"At The Hop\"), \"\" (\"Rock and Roll is Here to Stay\"), \"Hairspray\" (\"The Fly\" and \"You Don't Own Me\"), \"Mr. Holland's Opus\" (\"1-2-3\"), and \"Dirty Dancing\" and \"The First Wives Club\" (\"You Don't Own Me\"). It was the 1996 hit film, \"The First Wives Club,\" that not only featured \"You Don’t Own Me\", but it was used as the theme of the movie. On November 27, 2016, the song was announced to be inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. John Medora John L. Medora (born May",
"title": "John Medora"
},
{
"id": "14705821",
"text": "proud of his movie \"Pay It Forward\", whose title became entered everyday culture. He also shepherded \"Proof of Life\", \"Sweet November\", \"Rock Star\" and \"Collateral Damage\". His feature film credits include \"Dirty Dancing\" (1987), \"Pretty Woman\" (1990), \"Sommersby\" (1993), \"The Client\" (1994), and \"Face/Off\" (1997), \"The Rainmaker\" (1997) and \"Sweet November\" (2001) Reuther died after a battle with cancer. He left behind his daughter Danielle Reuther. Steven Reuther Steven Reuther (November 2, 1951 – June 5, 2010) was an American (born Japanese) producer and executive producer. Reuther came to Los Angeles, California in the late 1970s. He landed his first",
"title": "Steven Reuther"
},
{
"id": "9014737",
"text": "Selecta!\" were ordered to be removed, as they were in copyright breach of Channel 4, who originally aired the series. In October 2008, Lemon made numerous appearances on the \"Big Brother\" companion shows \"Big Brother's Little Brother\" and \"Big Brother's Big Mouth\", as a celebrity guest discussing the action in the house, and as the host of public phone-in competitions. In February 2009, Lemon appeared as a contestant with fellow comedian Paddy McGuinness on the first series of the charity competition \"Let's Dance for Comic Relief\". Their performance of \"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" from \"Dirty Dancing\" made",
"title": "Keith Lemon"
},
{
"id": "14391537",
"text": "produced the \"Dirty Dancing Live Tour\". It sold out all eight nights at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in 24 hours. The show included Bill Medley singing \"Time of My Life\", and Eric Carmen singing, \"Hungry Eyes\". The production traveled throughout America and went on to tour Europe and Australia. In 1991, he went on to produce \"The American Gladiators Live Tour\" with Kenneth Feld of Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus. The tour took Gladiators to local arenas where amateur athletes could challenge them. Fishof then created and produced \"Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band\". From",
"title": "David Fishof"
},
{
"id": "19390570",
"text": "dancers, and they were invited to provide cars from the 1960s. Much of the filming took place at High Hampton Inn in Cashiers, as well as Kanuga Conference Center in Hendersonville. It created an estimated 1,225 jobs, including 900 extras, 30 cast members and 225 crew positions to support the project. The official poster was unveiled in March 2017, and features Breslin and Prattes in an embrace from their final dance in the movie. A 30-second teaser trailer was released a month before the television movie's release. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 19% based on",
"title": "Dirty Dancing (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "4078436",
"text": "Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI) Award-winning songs during the 1970s and 1980s – \"As Long As I'm Rockin' with You\", for John Conlee; \"Don't Worry 'bout Me Baby\", for Janie Fricke; \"Party Time\", for T. G. Sheppard; \"You're the Best\", for Kieran Kane; and \"Stand Up\", for Mel McDaniel. In 1987, \"Hey! Baby\" was featured in the popular movie \"Dirty Dancing\". In 1995 Channel recorded his version of the song \"Stand Up\" for the Memphis-based record label Ice House. Delbert McClinton reprised his harmonica role on it and several other tracks, including another version of \"Hey! Baby.\" Channel then recorded a",
"title": "Bruce Channel"
},
{
"id": "11993293",
"text": "at number seven on the Adult Pop Songs chart and at number one on the Adult Contemporary, holding the latter position for 15 non-consecutive weeks. It has been certified Platinum by RIAA and has sold over 1.4 Million copies in the US as of October 2012. \"The Time of My Life\" was the best-selling \"Idol\" coronation single between 2009 and 2012 before being overtaken by Phillip Phillips's \"Home\". The song is the winner out of thousands of entries for the 2008 \"American Idol\" Songwriter's Competition, and was written by Regie Hamm. It was released as Cook's first single exclusively on",
"title": "The Time of My Life (David Cook song)"
},
{
"id": "12359070",
"text": "The Eagles, Bryan Adams, Luther Vandross, John Farnham, Billy Joel, Rod Stewart, Earth, Wind & Fire, and Gladys Knight in his list of favorites. On January 8, 1989, Marx married the singer/dancer/actress Cynthia Rhodes, who had appeared in \"Staying Alive\", \"Flashdance\" and \"Dirty Dancing\". Rhodes, coincidentally, appeared as the female lead in Marx's first video, \"Don't Mean Nothing.\" The couple has three sons — Brandon (born 1990), Lucas (born 1992), and Jesse (born 1994) — and had previously resided in Lake Bluff, Illinois. He currently resides in Malibu, California. In April 2014, the couple announced the dissolution of their 25-year",
"title": "Richard Marx"
},
{
"id": "11147004",
"text": "to get married. The film was a failure at the box office. A \"Playhouse 90\" television version ten years later starring Jackie Gleason as Joe earned critical acclaim, with Jack Klugman as Nick, Dick York as Tom, Betsy Palmer as Kitty, and James Barton reprising his role as Kit Carson. The Time of Your Life (film) The Time of Your Life is a 1948 comedy drama film directed by H. C. Potter and starring James Cagney, William Bendix, Jeanne Cagney, Wayne Morris, Broderick Crawford and Ward Bond. A Cagney Production, \"The Time of Your Life\" was produced by Cagney's brother",
"title": "The Time of Your Life (film)"
},
{
"id": "5944588",
"text": "and related activities. Coles also had a part in the 1987 hit movie \"Dirty Dancing.\" In 1991, Coles was awarded the National Medal of Arts by president George H.W. Bush. Charles Honi Coles died from cancer on November 12, 1992. He was inducted, posthumously, into the Tap Dance Hall of Fame in 2003. His wife Marian Edwards Coles died on November 6, 2009. While he was performing \"My One and Only\" Charles had a stroke. Charles Coles Charles “Honi” Coles (April 2, 1911 – November 12, 1992) was an American actor and tap dancer. He was best known for his",
"title": "Charles Coles"
},
{
"id": "4728587",
"text": "she recommended a collaboration with fellow New York recording artist Tony Sunshine. She also said, \"We'd been talking about working together but hadn't been able to. But he loved the idea of doing something with this song.\" The music video for this version was directed by Dayo. She's Like the Wind \"She's Like the Wind\" is a 1987 power ballad from the film \"Dirty Dancing\", performed by Patrick Swayze. Though Swayze is the primary vocalist on the single, it was billed as being performed by \"Patrick Swayze & Wendy Fraser”. Fraser is heard throughout much of the song, specifically in",
"title": "She's Like the Wind"
},
{
"id": "15674342",
"text": "The Passion on FOX, which aired on Palm Sunday, March 20, 2016. In 2017, Anders produced ABC's anticipated remake of Dirty Dancing starring Abigail Breslin, in addition to executive producing its soundtrack. Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie Anders worked as the Executive Song Producer and Soundtrack album Producer for Dreamworks' based on the series of children's novels of the same name by Dav Pilkey. Anders, with longtime collaborator Peer Astrom, produced the eleven song album. The soundtrack included artists such as Adam Lambert, Lil Yachty, Andy Grammer, Weird Al Yankovic on the film's theme song and original score by",
"title": "Adam Anders"
},
{
"id": "3186432",
"text": "hell. The production company was changed to Vestron Pictures with Emile Ardolino as director and Linda Gottlieb as producer. Filming took place in Lake Lure, North Carolina and Mountain Lake, Virginia, with the the film's score composed by John Morris and dance choreography by Kenny Ortega. \"Dirty Dancing\" premiered at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival on May 12, 1987 and was released on August 21, 1987 in the United States, earning over $214 million worldwide. It was the first film to sell more than a million copies for home video, and its soundtrack created by Jimmy Ienner generating two multi-platinum",
"title": "Dirty Dancing"
},
{
"id": "9470590",
"text": "(\"Never\" Heart), and Marc Jordan (\"Rhythm of My Heart\" Rod Stewart). Musicians included \"American Idol\" judge Randy Jackson of Journey, Steve Lukather (Toto), Timothy B. Schmit (Eagles), and Richard Marx. During the down time, Tim sang and produced \"Dirty Love\" which appeared in the James Bond film \"Licence to Kill\" and performed on both the \"\" theme and the Dionne Warwick gold album \"Reservations for Two\". Feehan wrote \"Heart in Pieces\" for the million selling album \"Chicago 19\" and performed in the video Stop the Madness alongside Whitney Houston for the Nancy Reagan anti-drug campaign \"Just Say No\". In the",
"title": "Tim Feehan"
},
{
"id": "9230723",
"text": "Dirty Dancing (soundtrack) Dirty Dancing is the original soundtrack of the 1987 film \"Dirty Dancing\". The album became a huge commercial success. It went on to sell 32 million copies worldwide and is one of the best-selling albums of all time. In the United States the album spent 18 weeks at #1 on the \"Billboard\" 200 album sales charts and went multi-platinum. There was a follow-up album entitled \"More Dirty Dancing\" (1988). The album \"Ultimate Dirty Dancing\", released in 2003, contains every song from the motion picture \"Dirty Dancing\" in the order it appears in the film. On October 15,",
"title": "Dirty Dancing (soundtrack)"
},
{
"id": "3536769",
"text": "the faces of her dancers, especially Ziegler. ... The entire performance was brilliantly staged, with one song flowing seamlessly into another\". Sia released the deluxe edition of \"This Is Acting\" in October 2016, which includes three new tracks, a remix version of \"Move Your Body\" and a solo version of \"The Greatest\". She was nominated for three 2017 Grammy Awards. Sia contributed to the soundtracks for the films \"Lion\" and \"Wonder Woman\" with \"Never Give Up\" and \"To Be Human\", respectively. She also co-wrote and performed on a platinum-selling single, \"Dusk Till Dawn\" by Zayn Malik. Sia performed in concert",
"title": "Sia (musician)"
},
{
"id": "6343802",
"text": "\"Live from Lincoln Center\" series earned him 17 Emmy Award nominations. He won the Emmy three times. Ardolino won an Academy Award for Best Documentary for the 1983 movie \"He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin'\". He found commercial success with the 1987 sleeper hit \"Dirty Dancing\", and went on to make several other mainstream films. Ardolino, who was openly gay, died in California on November 20, 1993 of complications from AIDS. His last films, \"The Nutcracker\" (based on George Balanchine's New York City Ballet version), and the television production of \"Gypsy\" starring Bette Midler in the role created on Broadway",
"title": "Emile Ardolino"
},
{
"id": "7296732",
"text": "Abbott divorced in 1988. Abbott has a cameo in the 1977 film \"New York, New York\", in which she sings Fats Waller's torch song, \"Honeysuckle Rose\". She also played the object of De Niro's affections in Scorsese's 1983 film, \"The King of Comedy\", as well as roles in the television series \"Crime Story\" (the character of Sonia) and the 1986 film \"Jo Jo Dancer, Your Life Is Calling\" (Mother). She is the cousin of singer Gregory Abbott, known for his 1986 song \"Shake You Down\". Diahnne Abbott Diahnne Abbott, sometimes credited Diahnne Eugenia Abbott or Diahnne Déa, is an American",
"title": "Diahnne Abbott"
},
{
"id": "17079730",
"text": "was used on the soundtrack to the hit movie \"Dirty Dancing\" in 1987, and his earlier albums became collectors' items. He died at the age of 76, from injuries he sustained when he was hit by a car while crossing a street in Manhattan. Lou Perez (musician) Lou Pérez (June 21, 1928 – May 27, 2005) was an American flautist, bandleader, composer and arranger. He was one of the most influential and popular \"charanga\" musicians in the 1960s and 1970s, and his music was used in the film \"Dirty Dancing\". He was born in New York City, to parents from",
"title": "Lou Perez (musician)"
},
{
"id": "3186463",
"text": "Hollywood Walk of Fame, and videos were still selling at the rate of over 40,000 per month. , it was selling a million DVDs per year, with over ten million copies sold . A May 2007 survey by Britain's Sky Movies listed \"Dirty Dancing\" as number one on \"Women's most-watched films\", above the \"Star Wars\" trilogy, \"Grease\", \"The Sound of Music\", and \"Pretty Woman\". The film's popularity has also caused it to be called \"the \"Star Wars\" for girls.\" An April 2008 article in Britain's \"Daily Mail\" listed \"Dirty Dancing\" as number one on a list of \"most romantic movie",
"title": "Dirty Dancing"
},
{
"id": "3186458",
"text": "when it was released, people didn't yell at me.\" Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 70% based on reviews from 61 critics and a rating average of 6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Like its winsome characters, \"Dirty Dancing\" uses impressive choreography and the power of song to surmount a series of formidable obstacles.\" Metacritic, another review aggregator, assigned the film a weighted average score of 65 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A–\" on an A+ to F scale.",
"title": "Dirty Dancing"
},
{
"id": "4411106",
"text": "Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights (also known as Dirty Dancing 2 or Dirty Dancing 2: Havana Nights) is a 2004 American dance musical romantic drama film directed by Guy Ferland. The film is a prequel/\"re-imagining\" of the 1987 blockbuster \"Dirty Dancing\", reusing the same basic plot, but transplanting it from upstate New York to Cuba on the cusp of the Cuban Revolution.The movie was filmed in Old San Juan, Puerto Rico. In 1958, Katey Miller (Romola Garai), her parents (Sela Ward and John Slattery), and her younger sister Susie (Mika Boorem) arrive in Cuba during the Cuban",
"title": "Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights"
},
{
"id": "9230724",
"text": "2007, RCA Records released a 20th anniversary edition of the soundtrack, containing remastered versions of the original album's songs (in a different track listing) plus additional tracks, as well as a DVD featuring promotional videos and photo material. Disc one (CD) Disc two (DVD) Dirty Dancing (soundtrack) Dirty Dancing is the original soundtrack of the 1987 film \"Dirty Dancing\". The album became a huge commercial success. It went on to sell 32 million copies worldwide and is one of the best-selling albums of all time. In the United States the album spent 18 weeks at #1 on the \"Billboard\" 200",
"title": "Dirty Dancing (soundtrack)"
},
{
"id": "9009630",
"text": "Other musicians on the record included Bob Jones and Billy Sanders on guitar and Jim Rogers on bass. According to a CNN article from 2002, while touring the UK in 1962 with The Beatles, McClinton met John Lennon and gave him some harmonica tips. Lennon put the lessons to use right away on \"Love Me Do\" and later \"Please Please Me\". Lennon included the song in his jukebox, and it is also featured on the 2004 related compilation album John Lennon's Jukebox. The song was used in the 1987 hit film \"Dirty Dancing\" in the scene where Johnny and Baby",
"title": "Hey! Baby"
},
{
"id": "11993294",
"text": "iTunes on May 22, 2008. The next day, it was made available at all digital retailers. The song was sent to the radio stations following the end of the airing of \"American Idol\" finale in Hawaii. On the 2008 ESPY's the song was used. The song was also used at the end of 2008 Summer Olympic Games opening ceremony on August 8, 2008 by NBC to recap the events that took place during the opening ceremonies. It has also been used throughout the Olympics to recap the days victories for the United States. This song was also used for a",
"title": "The Time of My Life (David Cook song)"
}
] | who sang time of my life in the movie dirty dancing |
|
| [
{
"id": "1586894",
"text": "United States Army adopted khaki during the Spanish–American War (1898), replacing their traditional blue field uniforms. The United States Navy and United States Marine Corps followed suit, authorizing khaki field and work uniforms. When khaki was adopted for the continental British Service Dress in 1902, the shade chosen had a clearly darker and more green hue. This color was adopted with minor variations by all the British Empire Armies and the US expeditionary force of World War I, in the latter under the name olive drab. This shade of brown-green remained in use by many countries throughout the two World",
"title": "Khaki"
},
{
"id": "1586892",
"text": "a coarse home-spun cotton, and a cotton turban, supplemented by a leather or padded cotton jacket for cold weather. In 1848, a khaki uniform was introduced. Subsequently, all regiments, whether British or Indian, serving in the region had adopted khaki uniforms for active service and summer dress. The original khaki fabric was a closely twilled cloth of linen or cotton. The impracticality of traditional bright colors such as the red coat, especially for skirmishing, was recognised early in the 19th century. Khaki-colored uniforms were used officially by British troops for the first time during the 1868 Expedition to Abyssinia, when",
"title": "Khaki"
},
{
"id": "6690788",
"text": "naval insignia, when flying or working on aircraft. Khakis were authorized aboard submarines in 1931 and as a working uniform on all ships ten years later. The Service Khaki uniform today is reserved for commissioned officers (grades O-1 through O-10), chief warrant officers (current grades W-2 through W-5; W-1 is not in use) and chief petty officers (grades E-7 through E-9). It is a khaki button-up shirt and trousers, worn with a gold belt buckle. The shirt features two front flap pockets and a pointed collar. Ribbons are worn above the left pocket of the shirt, with the warfare insignia",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "1586893",
"text": "Indian troops traveled to Ethiopia. Subsequently, the British Army adopted khaki for colonial campaign dress and it was used in the Mahdist War (1884–89) and Second Boer War (1899–1902). These uniforms became known as khaki drill, versions of which are still part of the uniforms of the British Army. During the Second Boer War, the British forces became known as Khakis because of their uniforms. After victory in the war, the government called an election, which became known as the khaki election, a term used subsequently for elections called to exploit public approval of governments immediately after military victories. The",
"title": "Khaki"
},
{
"id": "1586890",
"text": "Khaki Khaki (, Canada and ) is a color, a light shade of brown with a yellowish tinge. Khaki is an equal mix of sage and buff so it is considered a quinary color. Khaki has been used by many armies around the world for uniforms, including camouflage. It has been used as a color name in English since 1848 when it was first introduced as a military uniform, and was called both drab and khaki—khaki being a translation of the English drab light-brown color. A khaki uniform is often referred to as khakis. In Western fashion, it is a",
"title": "Khaki"
},
{
"id": "505694",
"text": "made the official color of all uniforms blue and buff. In 1846 the Indian soldiers of the Corps of Guides in British India began to wear a yellowish shade of tan, which became known as khaki from the Urdu word for dust-colored, taken from an earlier Persian word for soil. The color made an excellent natural camouflage, and was adopted by the British Army for their Abyssian Campaign in 1867–1868, and later in the Boer War. It was adopted by the United States Army during the Spanish–American War (1896), and afterwards by the United States Navy and United States Marine",
"title": "Brown"
},
{
"id": "7429978",
"text": "army. The early use of camouflage in the form of plain khaki reflected the exigencies of [[colonial war]] and the freedom allowed, and taken, by many of the officers who fought it. The adoption of khaki for active service resulted from the development of weapons of greater accuracy range combined with smokeless powder during the late 19th century, making low-visibility on the battlefield a matter of priority. In 1938, the British Army adopted a revolutionary and practical type of uniform for combat known as [[British Battledress|Battledress]]; it was widely copied and adapted by armies around the world. During the Second",
"title": "Uniforms of the British Army"
},
{
"id": "6690830",
"text": "buttons, worn with a lighter gray shirt and garrison or combination cover. Officers' shoulder boards were likewise gray, with stars/corps insignia and rank stripes in black. \"Working grays\" were the same uniform worn without the jacket and tie. The gray uniform was introduced by then-Chief of Naval Operations Ernest King, who thought khaki was more appropriate to land forces; Admiral Chester W. Nimitz disliked it and discouraged its wear in the Pacific Fleet. From 1893 until 1975, Chief Petty Officers wore a Service Dress White uniform consisting of white cotton trousers and double-breasted reefer jacket with black necktie. Rating badges",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "12061579",
"text": "Khaki drill Khaki drill or KD was the term for a type of fabric and the British military uniforms made from them. Uniform of Khaki color was first introduced in 1848 in the Corps of Guides that was raised in December 1846 as the idea of Sir Henry Lawrence (1806–1857), resident at Lahore and Agent to the Governor-General for the North-West Frontier, from British Indian recruits at Peshawar. As well as the Corps of Guides, other regiments in India soon adopted the uniform and eventually it was used throughout the British military. Khaki Drill was worn as a combat uniform",
"title": "Khaki drill"
},
{
"id": "6690817",
"text": "dry-cleaning facilities became available. The uniform was dropped in 1975 by then-Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, in order to reduce the number of items in the officer's seabag. A revived version of the uniform was announced in 2006 on a test basis. It was authorized for wear by commissioned officers and CPOs during the summer months and in tropical climates. The uniform reintroduced a khaki service coat worn with a black necktie and shoulder boards. It was intended to provide a more practical alternative to the Service Dress Whites and a more formal alternative to the Service Khakis.",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "1586895",
"text": "Wars. Khaki was devised to protect soldiers against the dangers of the industrialized battlefield, where the traditional bright colors and elaborate costumes made them vulnerable to attack. A response to surveillance technologies and smokeless powder, khaki could camouflage soldiers in the field of battle. The trousers known as \"khakis\", which became popular following World War II, were initially military-issue khaki-colored chino cloth twill, used in uniforms and invariably khaki in color. Today, the term is sometimes used refer to the style of trousers based on these trousers, properly called chinos, regardless of their color. At right is displayed the color",
"title": "Khaki"
},
{
"id": "16241036",
"text": "referred to as \"khakis\". In the past, commissioned officers and chief petty officers wore khaki-colored uniforms while onboard seagoing vessels, as opposed to petty officers and seamen, who were referred to as deckplate sailors, or blueshirts. However, since 2009, while khakis are still worn ashore, the U.S. Navy used a blue and gray camouflage working uniform which replaced the khaki-colored ones worn by commissioned officers and chief petty officers on board ships, and also adopted a new service uniform for petty officers and seamen in pay grades E-6 and below, consisting of a khaki shirt and black trousers. The latter",
"title": "Chief petty officer (United States)"
},
{
"id": "6690787",
"text": "Jacket uniforms similar to the officers and chiefs, they may also wear their Dinner Dress uniform, which is the traditional Service Dress \"sailor suit\", with miniature medals instead of ribbons. Service uniforms are the U.S. Navy's daily wear uniforms, and exist in several variations. They are intended for use in office environments, in positions that interact with the public, and in watch situations. Skirts are authorized for women in all service uniforms. The Navy first authorized a khaki uniform in 1913 as a practical garment for early naval aviators; they were given permission to wear Marine Corps khaki uniforms with",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "8224786",
"text": "of the star worn by line officers. On Winter Blue and Khaki uniforms, the specialty insignia is a collar device worn on the left collar, while the rank device is worn on the right. The office of Purveyor of Public Supplies, which would eventually evolve into the Supply Corps, was established in 1795. The insignia of an oak leaf and acorn was adopted in 1830 to signify members of all staff corps then in existence, which included doctors and pursers. The Medical Corps originally additionally used a rod of Asclepius, while the Pay Corps (renamed the Supply Corps in 1919)",
"title": "United States Navy staff corps"
},
{
"id": "1586891",
"text": "standard color for smart casual dress trousers for civilians, which are also often called \"khakis\". \"Khaki\" is a loanword from Hindustani (Urdu or Hindi) ख़ाकी/خاکی 'soil-colored', which in turn comes from Persian خاک \"khâk\" 'soil' + ی- (adjectival ending); it came into English via the British Indian Army. Khaki was first worn in the Corps of Guides that was raised in December 1846 by Henry Lawrence (1806–1857), resident at Lahore, and Agent to the Governor-General for the North-West Frontier. Initially the border troops were dressed in their native costume, which consisted of a smock and white pajama trousers made of",
"title": "Khaki"
},
{
"id": "6690816",
"text": "as for other naval officers, doing away with the green and khaki, which may be worn until June 1, 1923, but only at air stations.\" Khaki aviation uniforms of a somewhat different pattern were reinstated on 8 April 1925. During World War II, a single-breasted heavy cotton twill jacket with shoulder boards was worn with cotton twill trousers over a long-sleeved cotton shirt with a black necktie as \"Service Dress Khaki\", allowing cleaning in shipboard laundry facilities. Later on, through the Vietnam War, the trousers and jacket were often made of light wool or wool-blend fabric as routine access to",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "1950850",
"text": "but this was halted in 1919 and they were mustered out of the Navy. Starting in the 1930s a few were recruited to serve as stewards in the officers mess. African-Americans were recruited in larger numbers only after Roosevelt insisted in 1942. The Naval Act of 1936 authorized the first new battleship since 1921, and , was laid down in October 1937. The Second Vinson Act authorized a 20% increase in the size of the Navy, and in June 1940 the Two-Ocean Navy Act authorized an 11% expansion in the Navy. Chief of Naval Operations Harold Rainsford Stark asked for",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "6690822",
"text": "cotton uniform that could be laundered but required pressing, differentiating it from the Summer Khaki made of Certified Navy Twill (CNT) or a poly-wool blend that is considered acceptable for wear ashore and off base, but which requires dry-cleaning. At the beginning of January 2011, the working khakis were replaced by the Navy Working Uniform, although the Navy Junior ROTC still uses them. A winter working green uniform for commissioned officers and Chief Petty Officers in the Naval Aviation community was authorized on 7 September 1917 in conjunction with adoption of the naval aviator wings breast insignia. The initial uniform",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "9135008",
"text": "since the 1960s. Service Dress (British Army) Service Dress was the new style of khaki service dress uniform introduced by the British Army for use in the field from the early 1900s, following the experiences of a number of imperial wars and conflicts, including the Second Boer War. This variant of uniform continues to be worn today, although only in a formal role, as dress. In many actions during the latter half of the nineteenth century, the bright red tunics worn by British infantry regiments had proved to be a liability, especially when faced by enemies armed with new rifles",
"title": "Service Dress (British Army)"
},
{
"id": "2176267",
"text": "khaki service dress in 1902, the British Army stopped wearing epaulettes in the field, switching to rank insignia embroidered on the cuffs of the uniform jacket. During World War I, this was found to make officers a target for snipers, so the insignia was frequently moved to the shoulder straps, where it was less conspicuous. The current multi terrain pattern (MTP) and the older (DPM) have the insignia formerly used on shoulder straps displayed on a single strap worn vertically in the centre of the chest. Epaulettes were authorized for the United States Navy in the first official uniform regulations,",
"title": "Epaulette"
},
{
"id": "6690815",
"text": "summer service flying uniform of Marine Corps khaki of the same pattern as the officers' service dress white uniform tunic and trousers. It was to be worn with high, laced tan leather shoes only \"when on immediate and active duty with aircraft\", and might be worn under similarly colored moleskin or khaki canvas coveralls as a \"working dress\" uniform. Naval aviators typically flew patrol bombers from shore bases until the first United States aircraft carrier was commissioned on 20 March 1922. Differing uniforms afloat precipitated a 13 October 1922 Bureau of Navigation letter: \"Uniforms for aviation will be the same",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "6690820",
"text": "ranks. As a service uniform, ribbons and badges were worn, and officers and Chief Petty Officers wore metal collar insignia, while enlisted E-6 and below wore just the rating badge on the left arm. All men wore ties, females necktabs, with an optional silver clip for Petty Officers First Class and below, others a gold clip. The Working Khaki uniform was worn by Officers and Chief Petty Officers, primarily aboard ship or in selected working areas at bases ashore. Originally it was simply the Service Dress Khaki uniform worn without the coat and tie. Similar to, but less formal than,",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "4967635",
"text": "Cadets in the AFJROTC and Civil Air Patrol cadet programs wear the enlisted version of the flight cap, albeit with metal pin-on insignia for the grades of Cadet 2nd Lieutenant and above. In the U.S. Navy the garrison cap (\"cover\") was first authorized during World War II, originally for aviators and later for all officers and CPOs. Blue and white versions, as well as a forest green version for aviation officers and CPOs were later developed, although the blue and white versions were discontinued after the war. Today, garrison caps in khaki are almost always worn with service khakis and",
"title": "Side cap"
},
{
"id": "5831765",
"text": "At about the same time, Thayer once again proposed ship camouflage to the U.S. Navy (and was again unsuccessful), this time working not with Brush, but with Brush's son, Gerome (named in honor of his father's teacher). In 1915, during World War I, Thayer made proposals to the British War Office, trying unsuccessfully to persuade them to adopt a disruptively patterned battledress, in place of monochrome khaki, though he was too anxious to attend the meeting in person. Meanwhile, Thayer and Gerome Brush's proposal for the use of countershading in ship camouflage was approved for use on American ships, and",
"title": "Abbott Handerson Thayer"
},
{
"id": "9134998",
"text": "be the norm in warm climates up to the Second World War. The khaki Service Dress tunic adopted for the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) in 1912 had a wide cloth panel (a plastron) across the chest with concealed buttons, since it was thought that the usual button arrangement would be liable to catch on the bracing wires used on aircraft at that time. This tunic was popularly known as the \"maternity jacket\". The Naval Wing of the RFC, later the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), wore naval uniform. On 1 April 1918, the RFC and RNAS merged to form the",
"title": "Service Dress (British Army)"
},
{
"id": "6690829",
"text": "Although naval personnel still retained all the components that made up this uniform, its use was discontinued in 1983. Though the U.S. Navy proper discontinued the uniform in 1983, Navy Junior ROTC units continued to wear it for decades after, until they themselves finally discontinued their usage in June 2010. This short-lived uniform for officers and CPOs was only authorized from 1943–49, but was a common sight on the East Coast and in the Atlantic/European Theater during World War II. It was identical in cut and material to the Service Dress Khaki uniform but medium gray in color with black",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "12061580",
"text": "from 1900 to 1949 and was most often used in desert and tropical service. A variant, still referred to a Khaki Drill or KDs, is worn by the British Armed Forces in noncombatant warm weather countries where the British are actively serving (e.g. personnel stationed at R.A.F. Akrotiri in Cyprus will wear any of four working variants of this uniform). Generally KD was a series of different uniform patterns of light khaki cloth, generally cotton, first worn by British and British Empire soldiers in the Boer War. Canada developed its own pattern after the First World War, and the uniform",
"title": "Khaki drill"
},
{
"id": "9134986",
"text": "Service Dress (British Army) Service Dress was the new style of khaki service dress uniform introduced by the British Army for use in the field from the early 1900s, following the experiences of a number of imperial wars and conflicts, including the Second Boer War. This variant of uniform continues to be worn today, although only in a formal role, as dress. In many actions during the latter half of the nineteenth century, the bright red tunics worn by British infantry regiments had proved to be a liability, especially when faced by enemies armed with new rifles firing smokeless cartridges",
"title": "Service Dress (British Army)"
},
{
"id": "12061583",
"text": "to the blouse) and battledress trousers in JG cotton drill. In the hot and humid conditions of Southeast Asia, JG darkened with sweat almost immediately. The khaki battledress was used until the late 1960s, and various uniform items in KD, JG and OG remained on issue to soldiers serving in the Mediterranean, Middle East or tropics after the war. By the end of the 1940s, however, stocks were becoming depleted, and a new 1950-pattern tropical uniform was made available in both KD and JG. It was poorly designed, with an ill fitting bush jacket in the much-maligned Aertex, and suspender",
"title": "Khaki drill"
},
{
"id": "4456094",
"text": "on to Honolulu where they met a French fleet of warships. In late August, the combined fleets sailed to Russia to engage in the Siege of Petropavlovsk at which Commander-in-Chief David Price died. Captain Frederick William Erskine Nicolson of \"Pique\" was brevetted and took command of the British naval forces from 31 August 1854 until the arrival of the next Commander-in-Chief. In 1855, three \"Crimean huts\" were built at Esquimalt to serve as a hospital intended to receive wounded from the Crimean War. The huts were the first shore establishment at Esquimalt. The presence of forests full of straight grained",
"title": "Pacific Station"
},
{
"id": "1950809",
"text": "trade was unpopular, and the squadron was withdrawn in 1823 ostensibly to deal with piracy in the Caribbean, and did not return to the African coast until the passage of the Webster–Ashburton treaty with Britain in 1842. After the treaty was passed, the United States used fewer ships than the treaty required, ordered the ships based far from the coast of Africa, and used ships that were too large to operate close to shore. Between 1845 and 1850, the United States Navy captured only 10 slave vessels, while the British captured 423 vessels carrying 27,000 captives. Congress formally authorized the",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "6690826",
"text": "uniform, making it a \"de facto\" \"service uniform\" or \"liberty uniform,\" authorized for wear off base. But by the early 1960s, it had become limited to that of a \"working uniform\" for use on base or aboard ship only. It was infrequently worn, primarily due its expense and its 100% wool fabric that typically made it unsuitable outside of the winter months; in the working environments where AWGs were authorized, aviators typically found working khakis or flight suits more convenient. The AWG uniform was formally phased out on 1 January 2011. The Navy Working Uniform took its place. The rarely",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "3637535",
"text": "the Fleet was conferred on the following U.S. Navy vessels: On 31 May 2002 the Secretary of the Navy issued , directing all warships and auxiliaries of the U.S. Navy to fly the First Naval Jack as a \"temporary substitution\" for the Jack of the United States \"during the Global War on Terrorism\". This was based on a late 2001 post-9/11 suggestion from retired Captain Brayton Harris (who in 1975–76 had been Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy for the bicentennial). Most vessels made the switch on September 11, 2002, the first anniversary of the terrorist attacks. This",
"title": "First Navy Jack"
},
{
"id": "5028787",
"text": "shako in the hot Mexican climate. In 1856, a form of peaked cap was adopted by petty officers of Britain's Royal Navy, in imitation of an undress headdress worn by officers from as early as 1827. The British Army adopted peaked caps in 1902 for both the new khaki field dress and (in coloured form) as part of the \"walking out\" or off-duty wear for other ranks. A dark blue version was worn with dress blues by all ranks of the U.S. Army between 1902 and 1917. During the 20th century, the combination or peaked cap became common in the",
"title": "Peaked cap"
},
{
"id": "81522",
"text": "British Army unit to adopt khaki uniforms was the Corps of Guides at Peshawar, when Sir Harry Lumsden and his second in command, William Hodson introduced a \"drab\" uniform in 1848. Hodson wrote that it would be more appropriate for the hot climate, and help make his troops \"invisible in a land of dust\". Later they improvised by dyeing cloth locally. Other regiments in India soon adopted the khaki uniform, and by 1896 khaki drill uniform was used everywhere outside Europe; by the Second Boer War six years later it was used throughout the British Army. In the First World",
"title": "Camouflage"
},
{
"id": "13122863",
"text": "more practical approach. Wolseley had lightweight grey linen uniforms purpose-made for his expeditions in the Anglo-Ashanti wars and Mahdist War. In India, almost all troops soon copied the neutral \"Khaki\" (an Urdu word meaning \"dust\") shade of cloth first adopted by Indian irregular units on the North-West Frontier in the late 1850s. It became official service dress in India during the Second Anglo-Afghan War, the first general adoption of military camouflage for the infantry. Khaki was officially adopted for troops in Africa in 1882, but the last battle in which British troops wore scarlet was the Battle of Gennis in",
"title": "British Army during the Victorian Era"
},
{
"id": "12061581",
"text": "was commonly worn in Canada, with officers again having the option of finer garments privately purchased. In the Second World War, Canadians serving in Jamaica and Hong Kong wore Canadian pattern KD; the I Canadian Corps troops in Italy wore KD supplied in theatre by the British, generally of British, Indian or US (War Aid) manufacture. In the early campaigns in North Africa and the Mediterranean theatre, British troops wore KD shorts or slacks with long sleeved Aertex shirts. The paler tan shade of KD was more suited to desert or semi-desert regions than the \"dark khaki\" or brown serge",
"title": "Khaki drill"
},
{
"id": "12061584",
"text": "buckles that dug into the hips when marching in full kit. Eventually the much more practical Gurkha regiments’ JG shirt was copied, replacing the 1950-pattern bush jacket. All the same, troops still sought out the older, wartime, issues of the better KD, JG and OG kit. Khaki drill Khaki drill or KD was the term for a type of fabric and the British military uniforms made from them. Uniform of Khaki color was first introduced in 1848 in the Corps of Guides that was raised in December 1846 as the idea of Sir Henry Lawrence (1806–1857), resident at Lahore and",
"title": "Khaki drill"
},
{
"id": "2801428",
"text": "has become universally accepted as the symbol of the chief petty officer: a fouled (entwined in the anchor chain) gold anchor superimposed with a silver \"USN\" in the Navy or a silver shield in the Coast Guard. As in the dress blue insignia, the anchor is capped by an down-pointing star. In the Navy, officers and chiefs are referred to as \"khakis\". This is a reference to the color of one of their most common uniforms and is a direct contrast to those in paygrades E-6 and below (\"blueshirts\"). As of 2005 and after a pilot program taking place on",
"title": "Senior chief petty officer"
},
{
"id": "1950777",
"text": "not only with the \"island-hopping\" campaign in the Pacific, but also with the European landings. When the Japanese surrendered, a large flotilla entered Tokyo Bay to witness the formal ceremony conducted on the battleship , on which officials from the Japanese government signed the Japanese Instrument of Surrender. By the end of the war, the Navy had over 1,600 warships. After World War II ended, the U.S. Navy entered the 45 year long Cold War and participated in the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the First Persian Gulf War, and the Second Persian Gulf War / Iraq War. Following the",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "10524880",
"text": "1950s. The first four were renamed \"K-1\" through \"K-4\" on 17 November 1911 as part of a forcewide redesignation of US submarines. United States K-class submarine The K-class submarines were a class of eight submarines of the United States Navy, serving between 1914 and 1923, including World War I. They were designed by Electric Boat and were built by other yards under subcontracts. \"K-1\", \"K-2\", \"K-5\", and \"K-6\" were built by Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts, \"K-3\", \"K-7\", and \"K-8\" by Union Iron Works in San Francisco, and \"K-4\" by Seattle Construction and Drydock Company in Seattle, Washington. All",
"title": "United States K-class submarine"
},
{
"id": "7652098",
"text": "brand apparel, accessories, and footwear. The Khaki pant has been around since 1846 when Englishman Sir Henry Lumsden dyed his cotton pajamas to create a uniform more suitable to the climate of India, thus creating khakis. More than 150 years later the khaki pant has become a casual clothing staple in the office place. The pants have always had a go-with-anything motto that was really embraced by Dockers when the brand launched in 1986. Khakis really took off when “casual Fridays” gained popularity in offices in the late eighties and led to the emergence of Dockers as being the go-to",
"title": "Dockers"
},
{
"id": "6779459",
"text": "or gray. The first introduction of drab general uniform was by the British Corps of Guides in India in 1848. Initially the drab uniform was specially imported from England, with one of the reasons being to \"make them invisible in a land of dust\". However, when a larger quantity was required the army improvised, using a local dye to produce uniform locally. This type of drab uniform soon became known as khaki (Urdu for dusty, soil-coloured) by the Indian soldiers, and was of a similar colour to a local dress of cotton coloured with the mazari palm. The example was",
"title": "Military camouflage"
},
{
"id": "1950855",
"text": "oil tankers. The Navy kept its plans secret from civilians. It was an admiral, not President Roosevelt, who within hours of the Pearl Harbor attack, ordered unrestricted warfare against any enemy ship anywhere in the Pacific. The submariners had won over Navy strategists, but their equipment was not yet capable of handling their secret mission. The challenge of designing appropriate new boats became a high priority by 1934, and was solved in 1936 as the first new long-range, all welded submarines were launched. Even better were the S-class \"Salmon\" class (launched in 1937), and its successors the T-class or \"Tambor\"",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "1950779",
"text": "wars along separate fronts. In March 2007, the U.S. Navy reached its smallest fleet size, with 274 ships, since World War I. Former U.S. Navy admirals who head the U.S. Naval Institute have raised concerns about what they see as the ability to respond to 'aggressive moves by Iran and China.' The Navy was rooted in the American seafaring tradition, which produced a large community of sailors, captains and shipbuilders in the colonial era. During the Revolution, several states operated their own navies. On 12 June 1775, the Rhode Island General Assembly passed a resolution creating a navy for the",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "9134987",
"text": "(this had been exacerbated by the white carrying equipment worn by the line infantry, the cross straps of which formed an X on the soldier's chest). The term \"Khaki\" (Urdu for \"dusty\") had come from India and was used to describe the 'Drab' uniform first worn in 1848 by the Corps of Guides which had been raised in December 1846 as the brain-child of Sir Henry Montgomery Lawrence (1806–1857), Resident at Lahore and Agent to the Governor-General for the North-West Frontier. Lawrence chose as its commandant Sir Harry Lumsden, supported by William Stephen Raikes Hodson as Second-in-Command, who began the",
"title": "Service Dress (British Army)"
},
{
"id": "1950811",
"text": "academy for officers. He formed a council led by Commodore Perry to create a new system for training officers, and turned the old Fort Severn at Annapolis into a new institution in 1845 which would be designated as the United States Naval Academy by Congress in 1851. Naval forces participated in the effort to forcibly move the Seminole Indians from Florida to a reservation west of the Mississippi. After a massacre of army soldiers near Tampa on 28 December 1835, marines and sailors were added to the forces which fought the Second Seminole War from 1836 until 1842. A \"mosquito",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "12746691",
"text": "the Pacific in a hypothetical war with Japan that would eventually become reality. The U.S. Navy grew into a formidable force in the years prior to World War II, with battleship production being restarted in 1937, commencing with . Though ultimately unsuccessful, Japan attempted to neutralize this strategic threat with the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Following American entry into the war, the U.S. Navy grew tremendously as the United States was faced with a two-front war on the seas. It achieved notable acclaim in the Pacific Theater, where it was instrumental to the Allies' successful",
"title": "United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "3803186",
"text": "KW-37 The KW-37, code named JASON, was an encryption system developed In the 1950s by the U.S. National Security Agency to protect fleet broadcasts of the U.S. Navy. Naval doctrine calls for warships at sea to maintain radio silence to the maximum extent possible to prevent ships from being located by potential adversaries using radio direction finding. To allow ships to receive messages and orders, the navy broadcast a continuous stream of information, originally in Morse code and later using radioteletype. Messages were included in this stream as needed and could be for individual ships, battle groups or the fleet",
"title": "KW-37"
},
{
"id": "1950861",
"text": "on line much faster than Japan could build them. King paid special attention to submarines to use against the overextended Japanese logistics system. They were built for long-range missions in tropical waters, and set out to sink the freighters, troop transports and oil tankers that held the Japanese domains together. The South West Pacific Area, based in Australia, was under the control of Army General Douglas MacArthur; King assigned him a fleet of his own under Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid, without any big carriers. On 7 December 1941, Japan's carriers launched the Attack on Pearl Harbor, sinking or disabling the",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "14142154",
"text": "Army in a Khaki material before the introduction of Berets. It was first introduced under \"Army Council Instruction 1407\" of September 1943. This cap was designed to replace the \"Field Service cap\" or \"FS Cap\" that had been worn since the outbreak of war. These caps were issued in priority to units serving overseas. UK based units got theirs later on. It was at first unpopular due to its over large appearance. This cap was not a beret. It was made from several pieces of drab cloth material, whereas a beret was a one piece item. It was based on",
"title": "Military beret"
},
{
"id": "6690796",
"text": "Type I, according to the U.S. Navy, were intended to reflect the navy's heritage and connection to seaborne operations, while hiding wear and stains, something unavoidable with the utilities and working khakis used previously. The colors were chosen to match the most commonly used paint colors aboard ship, extending the lifetime of the uniform on long deployments where uniforms often come into contact with freshly painted surfaces. An anchor, USS \"Constitution\", and eagle (ACE) emblem is embroidered on the left breast pocket on all Type I NWUs. Accessories include a navy blue cotton T-shirt, an eight-point utility cover, and a",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "6690821",
"text": "the Service Khaki, it consisted of a short or long-sleeve khaki uniform shirt, with warfare insignia and badges (i.e. command pins, nametags, etc., but no ribbons) worn on the top of the left pocket, and pin-on metal rank devices located on the collar. It also came with a set of khaki trousers, a khaki belt with a gold belt buckle, a command or \"U.S. Navy\" ballcap (garrison cap optional), and black or brown low quarter shoes, black or brown boots, or black leather safety shoes. It was often referred to as the \"Wash Khaki\" uniform, because it was a 100%",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "7652095",
"text": "selling goods to the American people. Some of the goods he sold included clothes and foot wear. Dockers emerged as one of the largest boat shoes manufacturers in the Northwest, for people to wear shoes on the Dock. Still in the early 1900s, khakis become domestic and are worn for “classier” occasions. All the while, undergoing a few label changes. 1916 marks the creation of the label \"Levi Strauss Make\", which khakis then fell under. In the 1920s, Levi Strauss and Co. began producing women’s khakis made specifically for out door activity and comfort. By the late 1920s, khaki undergoes",
"title": "Dockers"
},
{
"id": "6690798",
"text": "of woodland MARPAT). The additional patterns addressed the fact that the blue and grey Type I pattern was not meant for a tactical environment. Rank insignia is embroidered and worn on a tab in the center of the torso, name and \"U.S. Navy\" taps are embroidered in brown (Type II) or black (Type III). Backlash from Marines, including an objection from Commandant Conway, led to restrictions when wear regulations were released in 2010. The Type II is restricted for wear to Naval Special Warfare personnel, while Type III was restricted to Navy ground units until late 2016. The ACE emblem",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "10524876",
"text": "United States K-class submarine The K-class submarines were a class of eight submarines of the United States Navy, serving between 1914 and 1923, including World War I. They were designed by Electric Boat and were built by other yards under subcontracts. \"K-1\", \"K-2\", \"K-5\", and \"K-6\" were built by Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts, \"K-3\", \"K-7\", and \"K-8\" by Union Iron Works in San Francisco, and \"K-4\" by Seattle Construction and Drydock Company in Seattle, Washington. All were decommissioned in 1923 and scrapped in 1931 to comply with the limits of the London Naval Treaty. \"K-1\", \"K-2\", \"K-5\", and",
"title": "United States K-class submarine"
},
{
"id": "6690806",
"text": "collar. Officers and Chiefs may wear the calf-length wool \"bridge coat\" or waist-length reefer, with gold buttons and rank insignia worn on the epaulettes, or the all-weather coat, with rank insignia also worn on the shoulder or collar, depending on rank. All sailors are authorized to wear the \"Eisenhower\" jacket with short-sleeved service uniforms with appropriate rank devices on the shoulder epaulets. The \"Eisenhower\" jacket is a waist length, black jacket with knit cuffs, and is named for its association with the famous general and president. The khaki windbreaker, previously authorized only with the service khaki uniform, was retired on",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "1950827",
"text": "an essential part of realizing that doctrine beyond the limits of the American continent. In 1890, Mahan's doctrine influenced Navy Secretary Benjamin F. Tracy to propose the United States start building no less than 200 ships of all types, but Congress rejected the proposal. Instead, the Navy Act of 1890 authorized building three battleships, , , and , followed by . By around the start of the 20th century, two s and three s were completed or under construction, which brought the U.S. Navy from twelfth place in 1870 to fifth place among the world's navies. Battle tactics, especially long-range",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "1950804",
"text": "the Navy began to adopt steam power and shell guns, but they lagged behind the French and British in adopting the new technologies. Enlisted sailors during this time included many foreign-born men, and native-born Americans were usually social outcasts who had few other employment options or they were trying to escape punishment for crimes. In 1835, almost 3,000 men sailed with merchant ships out of Boston harbor, but only 90 men were recruited by the Navy. It was unlawful for black men to serve in the Navy, but the shortage of men was so acute this law was frequently ignored.",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "13122864",
"text": "the Sudan in 1885. Khaki became general campaign wear after that date, and became official overseas dress in 1897. A slightly darker shade of khaki subsequently became the official colour for home service dress in 1902. The white pith helmet was often stained with tea or other improvised dyestuffs on campaign to provide rudimentary camouflage. Later, it was provided with a khaki cloth cover. The Snider–Enfield rifle, a breech-loading conversion of the Enfield rifle, was introduced starting in 1866. It was superseded from 1871 onwards by the Martini–Henry, which in turn was replaced in the 1890s by the magazine-loading Lee–Metford",
"title": "British Army during the Victorian Era"
},
{
"id": "8382577",
"text": "of the day\" designated by the unit commander was created to ensure uniformity of troops, now that there was a wide variety of uniforms available for wear. Also born was the tradition of reporting to a new duty station in the Service \"A\" uniform. In 1926, the standing collar on the service uniform was changed to a rolled-flat collar, but the dress uniform collar remained standing. A khaki version of the service uniform was adapted as well, for use in summer months. At the start of World War II, the Marine Corps had four standard uniforms. Dress Blues could be",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Marine Corps"
},
{
"id": "7449403",
"text": "of the commanding officers was Canadian historian W. Stewart Wallace. In 1939, the Canadian Legion Educational Services were established for Canadian Armed Forces at home and abroad. In 1939, the War Emergency Training Program was established. In 1942, the Canadian federal government established the Federal Vocational Training Coordination Act. In 1944, the Canadian federal government established the Veterans' Rehabilitation Act. The Federal Apprenticeship Training Agreement (1944) was established followed by The Federal Vocational Schools Assistance Agreement (1945). In 1951, the War Emergency Training Program was re-established due to the Korean War. During the Second World War, Brigadier Ted G.E. Beament,",
"title": "Khaki University"
},
{
"id": "4039287",
"text": "Sweden in the Baltic from 1715 to 1727 to protect supplies of naval stores. It was used at the Cape Passaro in 1718, during the Great Northern War, and in the West Indies (1726). There was a war against Spain in 1739 over the slave trade. In 1745 the navy contributed to collapse of the Jacobite rising. The War of Jenkins' Ear (1739–48) saw various naval operations in the Caribbean under admirals Vernon and Anson against Spanish trade and possessions, before the war subsequently merged into the wider War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748). This, in turn, brought a new",
"title": "History of the Royal Navy"
},
{
"id": "1950833",
"text": "interference from Colombia. The victorious Panamanians allowed the United States control of the Panama Canal Zone on 23 February 1904, for US$10 million. The naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba was built in 1905 to protect the canal. The latest technological innovation of the time, submarines, were developed in the state of New Jersey by an Irish-American inventor, John Philip Holland. His submarine, was officially commissioned into U.S. Navy service in the fall of 1900. The Russo-Japanese War of 1905 and the launching of in the following year lent impetus to the construction program. At the end of 1907 Roosevelt",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "6507494",
"text": "to be able to conduct operations in the sea, including underwater, on land and airborne. Kopaska was heavily influenced by the early US Navy Frogman Underwater Demolition Teams (UDTs) and modern Navy SEAL Teams. Kopaska was officially established on the 31st of March 1962 by President Sukarno to help his campaign Operation Trikora in Western New Guinea. However, in 1954, Captain (Navy) had an idea to form frogmen unit in the Navy which eventually act as precursor to KOPASKA. Early KOPASKA members (Captain (Navy) Urip Santoso, Lieutenant (Navy) Joko Suyatno, and PO1C EMP Joseph) trained with the UDTs in the",
"title": "KOPASKA"
},
{
"id": "2400102",
"text": "Khaki election In Westminster systems of government, a khaki election is any national election which is heavily influenced by wartime or postwar sentiment. In the British general election of 1900, the Conservative Party government of Lord Salisbury was returned to office, defeating a disunited Liberal Party. The reason for this name is that the election was held in the midst of the Second Boer War and khaki was the colour of the relatively new military uniform of the British Army that had been universally adopted in that war. The term was later used to describe two later elections like the",
"title": "Khaki election"
},
{
"id": "7449401",
"text": "the professions, agriculture and the other great industries of the Dominion.\" The name was suggested by his executive assistant, Rev. Cpt. William Gilmour (1880–1938), after the great victory at the Battle of Vimy Ridge a few months earlier: In 1917, 19 education centres were organized in the camps and hospitals in England and in France. About 50 000 soldiers taking courses part-time in agriculture, business education, mechanics, teacher training, legal studies and medical instruction. Designed to be inclusive, courses spanned commercial subjects; practical science; agriculture; literacy, languages; matriculation work, undergraduate university courses; and subjects like singing, elocution and cooking. In",
"title": "Khaki University"
},
{
"id": "12746747",
"text": "and crisis-management options. Aircraft additionally provide logistics support to maintain the navy's readiness and, through helicopters, supply platforms with which to conduct search and rescue, special operations, anti-submarine warfare (ASW), and anti-surface warfare (ASuW). The U.S. Navy began to research the use of aircraft at sea in the 1910s, with Lieutenant Theodore G. \"Spuds\" Ellyson becoming the first naval aviator on 28 January 1911, and commissioned its first aircraft carrier, , in 1922. United States naval aviation fully came of age in World War II, when it became clear following the Attack on Pearl Harbor, the Battle of the Coral",
"title": "United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "1950772",
"text": "History of the United States Navy The history of the United States Navy divides into two major periods: the \"Old Navy\", a small but respected force of sailing ships that was also notable for innovation in the use of ironclads during the American Civil War, and the \"New Navy\", the result of a modernization effort that began in the 1880s and made it the largest in the world by the 1920s. The United States Navy claims 13 October 1775 as the date of its official establishment, when the Second Continental Congress passed a resolution creating the Continental Navy. With the",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "15849689",
"text": "States Navy grew rapidly during World War II from 1941–45, and played a central role in the Pacific theatre in the war against Japan. It also played a major supporting role, alongside the Royal Navy, in the European war against Germany. The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) sought naval superiority in the Pacific by sinking the main American battle fleet at Pearl Harbor, which was built around its battleships. The December 1941 surprise attack on Pearl Harbor did knock out the battle fleet, but it did not touch the aircraft carriers, which became the mainstay of the rebuilt fleet. Naval doctrine",
"title": "Naval history of World War II"
},
{
"id": "12104094",
"text": "port. Most Home Fleet ships had been repainted medium gray by December 1940. The Royal Navy painted Mediterranean submarines dark blue in 1940 to reduce submerged visibility to aircraft. Captain Louis Mountbatten's 5th Flotilla of K class destroyers were painted Mountbatten pink in 1940. Mountbatten observed a Union-Castle Liner disappear from convoy during an autumn sunset because of the company's unusual lavender-mauve-gray hull color. Mountbatten reasoned the color would be effective camouflage during dawn and dusk periods, and devised a similar shade by mixing medium gray with a small amount of venetian red. Its effectiveness was much disputed; but it",
"title": "Ship camouflage"
},
{
"id": "5028806",
"text": "were widely worn on campaign during the First and Second World Wars, until the more practical beret was popularised by generals like Bernard Montgomery. After the war, officers continued to wear khaki caps as part of the Number 2 dress uniform, but by the 1990s these had been phased out in favour of the dark blue and red caps previously worn with the Number 1 dress uniform. Peaked caps were first issued to enlisted men in 1908 to replace the Glengarry caps and pillbox hats of the Boer War era. The new caps were made of khaki wool and sometimes",
"title": "Peaked cap"
},
{
"id": "3637529",
"text": "First Navy Jack The First Navy Jack is the current naval jack of the United States, authorized by the U.S. Navy and is flown from the jackstaff of commissioned vessels of the U.S. Navy while moored pierside or at anchor. The design is traditionally regarded as that of the first U.S. naval jack flown in the earliest years of the republic. In late 1775, as the first ships of the Continental Navy readied in the Delaware River, Commodore Esek Hopkins issued, in a set of fleet signals, an instruction directing his vessels to fly a \"striped\" jack and ensign. The",
"title": "First Navy Jack"
},
{
"id": "6779461",
"text": "armed opponents. Not until the First Boer War of 1880/81 did a major European power meet an opponent well equipped with and well versed in the use of modern long range repeating firearms, forcing an immediate change in tactics and uniforms. Khaki-coloured uniform became standard service dress for both British and British Indian Army troops stationed in British India in 1885, and in 1896 khaki drill uniform was adopted by British Army for the service outside of Europe in general, but not until the Second Boer War, in 1902, did the entire British Army standardise on khaki (officially known as",
"title": "Military camouflage"
},
{
"id": "20158639",
"text": "grey in color and is worn by U.S. Navy sailors while ashore or in port, the NWU Type II, which is primarily brown and tan and is designed to be worn in sandy, arid, and desert battlefield environments, and the NWU Type III, which is primarily black and green in hue and is designed to be worn in more temperate environments such as the contiguous United States. The first NWU variant, known as the NWU Type I, was designed in late 2004 and began being used by the U.S. Navy in limited quantities beginning in late 2008. By late 2010,",
"title": "Navy Working Uniform"
},
{
"id": "1950825",
"text": "In 1882, on the recommendation of an advisory panel, the Navy Secretary William H. Hunt requested funds from Congress to construct modern ships. The request was rejected initially, but in 1883 Congress authorized the construction of three protected cruisers, , , and , and the dispatch vessel , together known as the ABCD ships. In 1885, two more protected cruisers, and which was the last American cruiser to be fitted with a sail rig, were authorized. Congress also authorized the construction of the first battleships in the Navy, and . The ABCD ships proved to be excellent vessels, and the",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "15138872",
"text": "Naval Station Pearl Harbor Naval Station Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base adjacent to Honolulu, in the U.S. state of Hawaii. In 2010, along with the United States Air Force's Hickam Air Force Base, the facility was merged to form Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam. Pearl Harbor is the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on Sunday, 7 December 1941 brought the United States into World War II. Naval Station Pearl Harbor provides berthing and shore side support to surface ships and submarines, as well as maintenance and training.",
"title": "Naval Station Pearl Harbor"
},
{
"id": "13638632",
"text": "the Navy changed the way it issued enlisted service numbers and now provided service numbers from all nine series. Instead of the first number indicating a decade, this number now specified a recruiting district code. By the start of World War II, the Navy was regularly issuing enlisted service numbers from the two through nine hundred series (200 00 01 - 999 99 99) with the first number indicating a recruiting code and the last six a personal identifier. This service number system remained unchanged after World War II and continued through the Korean War and into Vietnam. The Navy",
"title": "Service number (United States Navy)"
},
{
"id": "1950785",
"text": "Thirteen Colonies during the Caribbean hurricane season from July until November. The first French fleet attempted landings in New York and Rhode Island, but ultimately failed to engage British forces during 1778. In 1779, a fleet commanded by Vice Admiral Charles Henri, comte d'Estaing assisted American forces attempting to recapture Savannah, Georgia. In 1780, a fleet with 6,000 troops commanded by Lieutenant General Jean-Baptiste, comte de Rochambeau landed at Newport, Rhode Island, and shortly afterwards the fleet was blockaded by the British. In early 1781, Washington and de Rochambeau planned an attack against the British in the Chesapeake Bay area",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "1950776",
"text": "Naval Conference of 1921 recognized the Navy as equal in capital ship size to the Royal Navy, and during the 1920s and 1930s, the Navy built several aircraft carriers and battleships. The Navy was drawn into World War II after the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, and over the next four years fought many historic battles including the Battle of the Coral Sea, the Battle of Midway, multiple naval battles during the Guadalcanal Campaign, and the largest naval battle in history, the Battle of Leyte Gulf. Much of the Navy's activity concerned the support of landings,",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "3738462",
"text": "one. However, by 1914, drab colours were increasingly being adopted for active service and ordinary duty wear. The British first introduced drab/khaki uniform in 1848 in India and this khaki drill became more generally worn from the Indian Mutiny of 1857 both in India and Africa. A darker version, known as \"service drab\", was adopted for home service field wear in 1902, the same year that the US Army also adopted khaki for non-dress occasions. The Italians introduced grey-green in 1909, followed by the German and Austrian armies who adopted different shades of grey. The Russians had changed to a",
"title": "Military uniform"
},
{
"id": "7449396",
"text": "program was implemented among their soldiers. Colonel Gerald Birks, a World War I double flying ace with the Royal Flying Corps, supervisor of the YMCA Canadian Overseas, sought to offer educational courses to keep soldiers busy in their spare time with a view to stave off the evils of gambling and / or drinking. He asked Henry Marshall Tory to write a report which recommended the formalization of educational services of Canadian forces overseas. After the War, Birks became a businessman, patron of the arts, was a painter and philanthropist. The programs were formalized in 1916 once Dr Henry Marshall",
"title": "Khaki University"
},
{
"id": "10979495",
"text": "and commission a professional corps of naval officers. Initially operating under the North Korean Ministry of Interior, commanding authority was transferred to the National Security Department on August 20, 1949. The introduction of a torpedo squadron into the unit on August 29, made it formally recognized as a naval force, and the date was commemorated as Navy Day until it was changed to honour the June 5th date in 1993. June 25, 1950, North Korean troops invade South Korea. On the morning of 25 June an armed North Korean steamer (ex US transport of 1000t, taken by South Korean communists",
"title": "History of the Korean People's Navy"
},
{
"id": "15819497",
"text": "United States Navy in World War II The United States Navy grew rapidly during World War II from 1941–45, and played the central role in the war against Japan. It assisted the British Royal Navy in the naval war against Germany and Italy. The largest amphibious invasion of all time was the invasion of France in June 1944. The combatant warships were 79 percent British or Canadian, 17 percent American, and the remainder from other Allies. The U.S. Navy grew slowly in the years prior to World War II. International naval limitations on operation in the 1920s. Battleship production restarted",
"title": "United States Navy in World War II"
},
{
"id": "20158649",
"text": "a test group of select U.S. Navy sailors. In early 2006, the U.S. Navy's Chief of Naval Operations, Michael G. Mullen, selected the pixelated blue camouflage pattern with pointed blouse collars and an eight-point cover to become the NWU's finished product. The NWU Type I, known then as simply the NWU, began being made available to U.S. Navy sailors in late 2008 and early 2009. It completely replaced most of the U.S. Navy's other working uniforms by late 2010. In March 2006, the U.S. Navy set the introduction date for the NWU as late 2007, but that date was ultimately",
"title": "Navy Working Uniform"
},
{
"id": "1950851",
"text": "another 70% increase, amounting to about 200 additional ships, which was authorized by Congress in less than a month. In September 1940, the Destroyers for Bases Agreement gave Britain much-needed destroyers—of WWI vintage—in exchange for United States use of British bases. In 1941, the Atlantic Fleet was reactivated. The Navy's first shot in anger came on 9 April, when the destroyer dropped depth charges on a U-boat detected while \"Niblack\" was rescuing survivors from a torpedoed Dutch freighter. In October, the destroyers and were torpedoed, and \"Reuben James\" was lost. Submarines were the \"silent service\"—in terms of operating characteristics and",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "6826750",
"text": "need for providing convoy to the trade. It was not until the middle of the 18th century that the continuous blockade first carried out by Sir Edward Hawke in 1758–59, and then brought to perfection by Earl St Vincent and other British admirals between 1793 and 1815, became possible. It was only at the very end of the 19th century that theories of naval strategy were first codified, even though British statesmen and admirals had been practising it for centuries. Captain, later Rear-Admiral, Alfred Thayer Mahan (1840–1914) was an American naval officer and historian. Influenced by Jomini's principles of strategy,",
"title": "Naval strategy"
},
{
"id": "16435991",
"text": "Bliss–Leavitt Mark 8 torpedo The Bliss–Leavitt Mark 8 torpedo was the United States Navy's first 21-inch by 21-foot torpedo. Although introduced prior to World War I, most of its combat use was by PT boats in World War II. The torpedo was originally designed in 1911 by Frank McDowell Leavitt of the E. W. Bliss Company and entered full mass production in 1913 at the Naval Torpedo Station in Newport, Rhode Island. It was deployed on destroyers and battleships during World War I and cruisers built in the 1920s. All US battleships and most cruisers had their torpedo tubes removed",
"title": "Bliss–Leavitt Mark 8 torpedo"
},
{
"id": "235151",
"text": "Kriegsmarine The Kriegsmarine (, ) was the navy of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It superseded the Imperial German Navy of the German Empire (1871–1918) and the inter-war \"Reichsmarine\" (1919–1935) of the Weimar Republic. The \"Kriegsmarine\" was one of three official branches, along with the \"Heer (Army)\" and the \"Luftwaffe (Air Force)\" of the Wehrmacht, the German armed forces from 1933 to 1945. In violation of the Treaty of Versailles, the \"Kriegsmarine\" grew rapidly during German naval rearmament in the 1930s. The 1919 treaty had limited the size of the German navy previously, and prohibited the building of submarines.",
"title": "Kriegsmarine"
},
{
"id": "15138874",
"text": "is located in the central section of the island of Oahu, approximately three miles north of Wahiawa. Following the annexation of Hawaii, Pearl Harbor was refitted to allow for more navy ships. In May 1899, Commander John F. Merry was made naval representative with authority to transact business for the Navy Department and its Bureaus. He immediately assumed control of the Coal Depot and its equipment. To supplement his facilities, he was assigned the Navy tug and two coal barges. Inquiries that commenced in June culminated in the establishment of the \"Naval Station, Honolulu\" on 17 November 1899. On 2",
"title": "Naval Station Pearl Harbor"
},
{
"id": "6072242",
"text": "K-class blimp The \"K\"-class blimp was a class of blimps (non-rigid airship) built by the Goodyear Aircraft Company of Akron, Ohio for the United States Navy. These blimps were powered by two Pratt & Whitney \"Wasp\" nine-cylinder radial air-cooled engines, each mounted on twin-strut outriggers, one per side of the control car that hung under the envelope. Before and during World War II, 134 \"K\"-class blimps were built, configured for patrol and anti-submarine warfare operations and were extensively used in the Navy’s anti-submarine efforts in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean areas. The \"K\"-class blimp was a product of the austere",
"title": "K-class blimp"
},
{
"id": "12746681",
"text": "predecessor of the U.S. Coast Guard. Although the USRCS conducted operations against the pirates, their depredations far outstripped its abilities and Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 that established a permanent standing navy on 27 March 1794. The Naval Act ordered the construction and manning of six frigates and, by October 1797, the first three were brought into service: , , and . Due to his strong posture on having a strong standing Navy during this period, John Adams is \"often called the father of the American Navy\". In 1798–99 the Navy was involved in an undeclared Quasi-War with",
"title": "United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "6690823",
"text": "pattern was the same as the officers' service dress white uniform tunic and trousers. Like the summer khaki uniform, it was to be worn with high, laced tan leather shoes. Like the aviation khaki uniform, the green uniform was temporarily banished during the early years of United States aircraft carrier operations from 1922 until a modified design was reauthorized in 1925. The final version, discontinued in January 2011, was somewhat similar to the Navy's revived Service Dress Khaki uniform in cut and design and bore additional similarities to the Marine Corps' Service Dress \"Alpha\" green uniform. It consisted of a",
"title": "Uniforms of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "1950847",
"text": "Navy with 525,000 tons of capital ships and 135,000 tons of aircraft carriers, and the Japanese as the third power. Many older ships were scrapped by the five nations to meet the treaty limitations, and new building of capital ships limited. One consequence was to encourage the development of light cruisers and aircraft carriers. The United States's first carrier, a converted collier named was commissioned in 1922, and soon joined by and , which had been designed as battlecruisers until the treaty forbade it. Organizationally, the Bureau of Aeronautics was formed in 1921; naval aviators would become referred to as",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "15819498",
"text": "in 1937, commencing with the . It was able to add to its fleets during the early years of the war while the US was still neutral, increasing production of vessels both large and small, deploying a navy of nearly 350 major combatant ships by December 1941 and having an equal number under construction. The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) sought naval superiority in the Pacific by sinking the main American battle fleet at Pearl Harbor, which was built around its battleships. The December 1941 surprise attack on Pearl Harbor did knock out the battle fleet, but it did not touch",
"title": "United States Navy in World War II"
},
{
"id": "1950831",
"text": "Roosevelt, became President in 1901. Under his administration, the Navy went from the sixth largest in the world to second only to the Royal Navy. Theodore Roosevelt's administration became involved in the politics of the Caribbean and Central America, with interventions in 1901, 1902, 1903, and 1906. At a speech in 1901, Roosevelt said, \"Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far\", which was a cornerstone of diplomacy during his presidency. Roosevelt believed that a U.S.-controlled canal across Central America was a vital strategic interest to the U.S. Navy, because it would significantly shorten travel times for",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "482235",
"text": "he pre-cooked the chicken in advance of orders, there was sometimes wastage at day's end. In 1939, the first commercial pressure cookers were released onto the market, mostly designed for steaming vegetables. Sanders bought one, and modified it into a pressure fryer, which he then used to fry chicken. The new method reduced production time to be comparable with deep frying, while, in the opinion of Sanders, retaining the quality of pan-fried chicken. In July 1940, Sanders finalised what came to be known as his \"Original Recipe\" of 11 herbs and spices. Although he never publicly revealed the recipe, he",
"title": "KFC"
},
{
"id": "6779462",
"text": "\"drab\") for Service Dress. The US military, who had green-jacketed rifle units in the Civil War, were quick to follow the British, going khaki in the same year. Russia followed, partially, in 1908. The Italian Army used \"grigio-verde\" (\"grey-green\") in the Alps from 1906 and across the army from 1909. The Germans adopted \"feldgrau\" (\"field grey\") in 1910. By the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, France was the only major power to still field soldiers dressed in traditional conspicuous uniforms. The First World War was the first full scale industrial conflict fought with modern firearms. The casualty",
"title": "Military camouflage"
},
{
"id": "1950860",
"text": "had one main battle fleet, with the same ships and sailors but two command systems that rotated every few months between Admiral Bull Halsey and Admiral Raymond A. Spruance. The Navy had a major advantage: it had broken the Japanese code. It deduced that Hawaii was the target in June 1942, and that Yamamoto’s fleet would strike at Midway Island. King only had four carriers in operation; he sent them all to Midway where in a miraculous few minutes they sank the Japanese carriers. This gave the Americans the advantage in firepower that grew rapidly as new American warships came",
"title": "History of the United States Navy"
},
{
"id": "235165",
"text": "battleship and the loss of the at the Battle of the River Plate. Submarine attacks on Britain's vital maritime supply routes (Battle of the Atlantic) started immediately at the outbreak of war, although they were hampered by the lack of well placed ports from which to operate. Throughout the war the \"Kriegsmarine\" was responsible for coastal artillery protecting major ports and important coastal areas. It also operated anti-aircraft batteries protecting major ports. In April 1940, the German Navy was heavily involved in the invasion of Norway, where it suffered significant losses, which included the heavy cruiser sunk by artillery and",
"title": "Kriegsmarine"
}
] | when were khakis first introduced in the navy |
|
| [
{
"id": "1819725",
"text": "Jafar (Disney) Jafar is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' 31st animated feature film \"Aladdin\" (1992). He is voiced by American actor Jonathan Freeman in most media, including the live-action Broadway musical adaptation. An inspiration to the character is the villain \"Jafar\", played by Conrad Veidt in \"The Thief of Bagdad\", from which \"Aladdin\" borrows several character ideas and plot elements. The Jafar of Disney's \"Aladdin\" plays essentially the same part as the character from the 1940 movie, and is drawn with notable similarity to Conrad Veidt's looks. Animator Andreas Deja decided to design Jafar in a",
"title": "Jafar (Disney)"
},
{
"id": "815143",
"text": "songs for the film with Academy Award winners Pasek and Paul (\"La La Land\") while Vanessa Taylor (\"Game of Thrones\", \"The Shape of Water\") would re-write the script. In August 2017, Marwan Kenzari, Nasim Pedrad, and Numan Acar joined the cast as Jafar, Dalia, and Hakim, respectively. The following month, Billy Magnussen and Navid Negahban were cast as Prince Anders and the Sultan, respectively. Filming began on September 6, 2017 at Longcross Studios and concluded on January 24, 2018. The film is scheduled for release on May 24, 2019. Aladdin (1992 Disney film) Aladdin is a 1992 American animated musical",
"title": "Aladdin (1992 Disney film)"
},
{
"id": "6915751",
"text": "Jonathan Freeman (actor) Jonathan Freeman (born February 5, 1950) is an American actor, voice actor, singer and puppeteer, known for puppetering and voicing Tito Swing in \"Shining Time Station\" and for voicing Jafar in Disney's \"Aladdin\" franchise, as well as the \"Kingdom Hearts\" franchise and the 2011 \"Aladdin\" Broadway musical. Freeman was born in Cleveland, Ohio on February 5, 1950. He graduated from Ohio University. As well as being the voice of Jafar in \"Aladdin\", Freeman is also known for being the puppeteer for Tito Swing of the Jukebox Band (Flexitoon Puppets) on the PBS series \"Shining Time Station\". In",
"title": "Jonathan Freeman (actor)"
},
{
"id": "20267442",
"text": "had hired Vanessa Taylor to polish the original screenplay by August, specifically to do some \"character work\" and what is called \"script doctoring\". Meanwhile, Richie and the studio focused on casting the other main roles with filming slated to start in August in London. In August 2017, Marwan Kenzari joined the cast as Jafar with Nasim Pedrad cast in a newly created role as \"a hand maid and friend of Jasmine\" who will serve as a \"comic relief\" and Numan Acar as Hakim. The following month, Billy Magnussen joined the cast in a newly created role as Prince Anders alongside",
"title": "Aladdin (2019 film)"
},
{
"id": "6391438",
"text": "19, 2011. A native of Los Angeles, she has been married to actor and musician Yul Vazquez since 2002. Linda Larkin Linda Larkin (born March 20, 1970) is an American actress and voice actress. She is best known for voicing Princess Jasmine in Disney's 1992 animated feature film, \"Aladdin\". She later reprised her role in the sequels, \"The Return of Jafar\" and \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\", as well as in the \"Kingdom Hearts\" and \"Disney Infinity\" video game series. In order for her to voice Princess Jasmine, Disney required her to lower her voice as it was otherwise",
"title": "Linda Larkin"
},
{
"id": "6391437",
"text": "Linda Larkin Linda Larkin (born March 20, 1970) is an American actress and voice actress. She is best known for voicing Princess Jasmine in Disney's 1992 animated feature film, \"Aladdin\". She later reprised her role in the sequels, \"The Return of Jafar\" and \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\", as well as in the \"Kingdom Hearts\" and \"Disney Infinity\" video game series. In order for her to voice Princess Jasmine, Disney required her to lower her voice as it was otherwise too high for the role. For her work at Disney, Larkin was honored as a Disney Legend on August",
"title": "Linda Larkin"
},
{
"id": "9317289",
"text": "Aladdin (Disney character) Aladdin is a fictional character and the titular protagonist of Walt Disney Pictures's 31st animated feature film \"Aladdin\" (1992) based on Aladdin, a folk tale of Middle Eastern origin. He is voiced by American actor Scott Weinger, while his singing voice is provided by Brad Kane. He also stars in the two direct-to-video sequels \"The Return of Jafar\" (1994) and \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\" (1996), as well as the animated television series based on the film. Mena Massoud is set to play a live-action version of the character in a live action adaptation of the",
"title": "Aladdin (Disney character)"
},
{
"id": "10786431",
"text": "Féodor Atkine Féodor Atkine (born 27 February 1948) is a French actor. Born in Paris of Russian-Polish descent, he has had a career in European cinema and television since the early 1970s, and made occasional appearances in English-language films, notably as the Russian gangster \"Mikhi\" in \"Ronin\", as Woody Allen's character's brother in \"Love and Death\", and the recurring character of \"Major Pierre Ducos\" in the UK TV series \"Sharpe\". Atkine is also a well-regarded voice artist, providing the voice of \"Jafar\" in the French version of Disney's \"Aladdin\" (1992). He also provides the French dub for Dr. Gregory House",
"title": "Féodor Atkine"
},
{
"id": "12605294",
"text": "Prince Ali (song) \"Prince Ali\" and its reprise are two musical numbers from the 1992 Disney animated film \"Aladdin\". The first part was performed by Robin Williams in his role as the Genie and the reprise is performed by Jonathan Freeman in his role as Jafar. The song performed by Williams was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 50th Golden Globe Awards in 1993. After Williams' death in 2014, the first part of the song received extensive airplay on UK National Radio. The film version cut a conceived intro for the song and two",
"title": "Prince Ali (song)"
},
{
"id": "10786432",
"text": "on \"House M.D.\" Féodor Atkine Féodor Atkine (born 27 February 1948) is a French actor. Born in Paris of Russian-Polish descent, he has had a career in European cinema and television since the early 1970s, and made occasional appearances in English-language films, notably as the Russian gangster \"Mikhi\" in \"Ronin\", as Woody Allen's character's brother in \"Love and Death\", and the recurring character of \"Major Pierre Ducos\" in the UK TV series \"Sharpe\". Atkine is also a well-regarded voice artist, providing the voice of \"Jafar\" in the French version of Disney's \"Aladdin\" (1992). He also provides the French dub for",
"title": "Féodor Atkine"
},
{
"id": "6915753",
"text": "in Disney's Broadway production of \"The Little Mermaid\". Freeman began his run starring as Admiral Boom and the Bank Chairman in the Broadway production of \"Mary Poppins\" on December 12, 2009. Freeman reprises his role as Jafar on stage in the new musical adaptation of \"Aladdin\", which played at Seattle's 5th Avenue Theatre from July 7–31, 2011. He is currently reprising the role in the Broadway production, which opened in March 2014 at the New Amsterdam Theatre, and he is the only actor from the original cast of the animated film to do so. Jonathan Freeman (actor) Jonathan Freeman (born",
"title": "Jonathan Freeman (actor)"
},
{
"id": "20267446",
"text": "The decision to hire non-Arab, non-Middle Eastern and half-white Anglo Indian actress Naomi Scott to play the lead female Princess Jasmine has also drawn criticism as well as accusations of colorism, although certain members of the cast, particularly Negahban and Pedrad, are of Iranian descent while Acar is of Turkish descent. In October 2018, Lea Salonga, who provided Jasmine's singing voice in the original film, defended the casting of Scott saying, \"The girl who played Princess Jasmine is so gorgeous, Naomi Scott. She’s so beautiful! Really, really beautiful!” In January 2018, it was reported that the white extras were being",
"title": "Aladdin (2019 film)"
},
{
"id": "8901215",
"text": "company in residence at Pace University in Westchester County, New York. Callaway was honored at the 25th Annual Bistro Awards in New York City. She is married to Dan Foster. They have a son, Nicholas, who attended Kenyon College. Liz Callaway Liz Callaway (born April 13, 1961) is an American singer and actress, who is best known for having provided the singing voices of many female characters in animated films, such as Anya/Anastasia in \"Anastasia\", Odette in \"The Swan Princess\", Jasmine in the \"Aladdin\" sequels \"The Return of Jafar\" and \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\", adult Kiara in \"\",",
"title": "Liz Callaway"
},
{
"id": "11326226",
"text": "\"Goof Troop\", and Jafar in \"Aladdin\". In addition, he dubs over Gendo Ikari in the anime series \"Neon Genesis Evangelion\". Other actors he dubs over are Sylvester Stallone (replacing the late Ferruccio Amendola), Jean Reno, Bruce Willis, Patrick Bergin, Tom Sizemore, Vin Diesel, Forest Whitaker, and Jeff Bridges. Massimo Corvo Massimo Corvo (born July 9, 1959) is an Italian actor and voice actor from Rome, Italy. He was the most active between the late 1980s and early 2000s. His name translates to \"Maximum Crow\" in English. He is best known for dubbing over Laurence Fishburne in his role of Morpheus",
"title": "Massimo Corvo"
},
{
"id": "9317302",
"text": "in his street rat clothes. Aladdin, Jasmine, Carpet, Abu and Genie make cameo appearances in the Hong Kong Disneyland version of It's a Small World. In the Broadway musical adaptation, Aladdin is played by actor Adam Jacobs. Aladdin (Disney character) Aladdin is a fictional character and the titular protagonist of Walt Disney Pictures's 31st animated feature film \"Aladdin\" (1992) based on Aladdin, a folk tale of Middle Eastern origin. He is voiced by American actor Scott Weinger, while his singing voice is provided by Brad Kane. He also stars in the two direct-to-video sequels \"The Return of Jafar\" (1994) and",
"title": "Aladdin (Disney character)"
},
{
"id": "3172415",
"text": "played Officer Rubin on \"What I Like About You\". In 2016, Weinger reprised his role of Steve Hale on the \"Full House\" spin-off series, \"Fuller House\". Weinger was cast as Aladdin, the street urchin in Walt Disney Pictures' animated feature film \"Aladdin.\" He reprised his role multiple times off the big screen including the CBS \"Aladdin\" series and direct-to-video sequels, the most notable being \"The Return of Jafar\" and \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\". His voice would also be used for several video games including the \"Kingdom Hearts\" series, \"Kinect Disneyland Adventures\", and Disney Infinity series. Weinger has written",
"title": "Scott Weinger"
},
{
"id": "8901209",
"text": "Liz Callaway Liz Callaway (born April 13, 1961) is an American singer and actress, who is best known for having provided the singing voices of many female characters in animated films, such as Anya/Anastasia in \"Anastasia\", Odette in \"The Swan Princess\", Jasmine in the \"Aladdin\" sequels \"The Return of Jafar\" and \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\", adult Kiara in \"\", and a dancing napkin ring in \"Beauty and Beast\". She was also the original Ellen in the Broadway production of Miss Saigon. Callaway was born in Chicago, Illinois. Her mother, Shirley Callaway, is a singer, pianist and coach, and",
"title": "Liz Callaway"
},
{
"id": "20267436",
"text": "Aladdin (2019 film) Aladdin is an upcoming American musical romantic fantasy adventure film directed by Guy Ritchie, from the screenplay co-written with John August and Vanessa Taylor, and produced by Walt Disney Pictures. It is a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1992 animated film of the same name, which is in turn based on the Arabic folktale of the same name from \"One Thousand and One Nights\" and the French interpretation by Antoine Galland. The film stars Mena Massoud as the title character alongside Will Smith, Naomi Scott, Marwan Kenzari, Navid Negahban, Nasim Pedrad, Billy Magnussen, and Numan Acar. In October",
"title": "Aladdin (2019 film)"
},
{
"id": "17192544",
"text": "Theatre from July 7 to 31, 2011. Jonathan Freeman, who voiced Jafar in the film, played the role in the stage adaptation. Adam Jacobs and Courtney Reed played Aladdin and Jasmine, despite the characters being Middle Eastern. Additional cast included James Monroe Iglehart as Genie; Clifton Davis as the Sultan; Don Darryl Rivera as Iago; and, playing Omar, Kassim and Babkak, a trio of characters originally conceived by the film's creators but ultimately replaced by Abu, were Andrew Keenan-Bolger, Brian Gonzales and Brandon O'Neill, respectively. Disney’s colourblind casting policy meant ethnicity was not considered in the casting process which sparked",
"title": "Aladdin (2011 musical)"
},
{
"id": "12605297",
"text": "dubbed it \"Act II’s standout\". This song is playable in the video game \"Just Dance 2014\". Prince Ali (song) \"Prince Ali\" and its reprise are two musical numbers from the 1992 Disney animated film \"Aladdin\". The first part was performed by Robin Williams in his role as the Genie and the reprise is performed by Jonathan Freeman in his role as Jafar. The song performed by Williams was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 50th Golden Globe Awards in 1993. After Williams' death in 2014, the first part of the song received extensive airplay",
"title": "Prince Ali (song)"
},
{
"id": "2274150",
"text": "fall-out over the use of his voice in the marketing campaign for \"Aladdin\", Robin Williams refused to reprise the role of the Genie, and was instead replaced by Dan Castellaneta (best known for voicing Homer Simpson). Stones also claimed that Williams participated in selecting Castellaneta to voice the Genie. It was also the first \"Aladdin\" full-length production without the original voice of Sultan, Douglas Seale. He was replaced by Val Bettin, who reprised his role in the franchise's animated series and \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\". Instead of the film receiving a theatrical release, Steve Feldstein, director of public",
"title": "The Return of Jafar"
},
{
"id": "4612415",
"text": "Aladdin (animated TV series) Aladdin is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation which aired from September 5, 1994, to November 25, 1995, based on the original 1992 Disney film of the same name. The series is set after \"The Return of Jafar\" and picked up where the installment left off. The \"Aladdin\" TV series is considered one of Disney's finest television animation work. The series was produced by Alan Zaslove and Tad Stones, who were already renowned for their work on \"\" and \"Darkwing Duck\". Many of the films' stars provided the voices of their",
"title": "Aladdin (animated TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18659960",
"text": "Golden Calf for Best Actor at the Netherlands Film Festival for his role in the feature film \"Wolf\" (2013). The film was translated into Russian by Russian film translator Andrey Efremov and screened at the 2013 VOLOGDA Film Festival.. In 2014, he won a Shooting Stars Award at the Berlin International Film Festival. Kenzari speaks Arabic, Dutch, French and English. He can be seen in the English-language films \"Collide\" and \"Ben-Hur\". In the 2015 film \"Bloedlink\", he appears in a long scene completely naked. It was announced that Kenzari would play the villain Jafar in Disney's live-action adaptation of \"Aladdin\".",
"title": "Marwan Kenzari"
},
{
"id": "17785479",
"text": "from July 7–31, 2011. Jonathan Freeman, who voiced Jafar in the film, played the role in the stage adaptation. Adam Jacobs and Courtney Reed played Aladdin and Jasmine. Additional actors included Seán G. Griffin as the Sultan; Don Darryl Rivera as Iago; and, playing Omar, Babkak, and Kassim – a trio of characters originally conceived by the film's creators but not used – Andrew Keenan-Bolger, Brian Gonzales, and Brandon O'Neill. The show was also directed and choreographed by Casey Nicholaw. Another production of the musical played at the Muny Theatre in St. Louis from July 5–13, 2012. The musical premiered",
"title": "Aladdin (franchise)"
},
{
"id": "8166906",
"text": "Val Bettin Valentine John \"Val\" Bettin (born August 1, 1923) is a retired American actor and voice actor, known for using an English accent in all of his roles. He is perhaps best known for voicing Dr. David Q. Dawson in the 1986 Disney animated film \"The Great Mouse Detective\" and the Sultan in \"The Return of Jafar\" and \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\", the two direct-to-video sequels to Disney's \"Aladdin\" as well as the TV show, taking over for Douglas Seale. Bettin also hosted \"The Storyteller\", a children's show on Chicago television in the late 1950s. He was",
"title": "Val Bettin"
},
{
"id": "5745425",
"text": "the decade included Marwan Kenzari, Lotte Verbeek, Vincent van Ommen, Sylvia Hoeks and Michiel Huisman. Soon after Kenzari made his breakthrough in the Dutch film \"Wolf\" he made his US debut in the film \"Collide\" with Anthony Hopkins. Films like \"Ben-Hur\", \"The Mummy\" and \"Murder on the Orient Express\" soon followed. In 2017 it was announced that Kenzari would play the villain Jafar in Disney's live-action adaptation of \"Aladdin\". Lotte Verbeek booked success playing in international television shows like \"The Borgias\", \"Outlander\", \"The Blacklist\" and Marvel's \"Agent Carter\". She also had a role in movie \"The Last Witch Hunter\" alongside",
"title": "Cinema of the Netherlands"
},
{
"id": "5993606",
"text": "Leo go on to become successful Broadway producers. In a post-credits scene, the cast sings \"Goodbye!\", telling the audience to leave the theater. Ernie Sabella, Nathan Lane and Matthew Broderick's co-star from \"The Lion King\", makes a brief appearance in the deleted song \"You'll Find Your Happiness in Rio\" as a drunk bar patron. Also, Jonathan Freeman who provided the voice for Jafar in \"Aladdin\", makes a small appearance as a ticket taker. On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 50% based on 153 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Despite",
"title": "The Producers (2005 film)"
},
{
"id": "8362194",
"text": "often changed to reflect current events in the news and popular culture. The musical replaced the venue's previous show, \"The Power of Blast\", which played from 2001 to 2002. Alan Menken composed and wrote lyrics for a new song for this production, called \"To Be Free\". Buena Vista Records released an official soundtrack to the production in 2003. This is an original cast recording, and includes almost every piece of music used in the show. The main cast on the recording is Miles Wesley (Aladdin), Deedee Magno (Jasmine), Nick Santa Maria (Genie), Lance Roberts (Jafar) and Jamila Ajibade (Narrator). Orchestrations",
"title": "Disney's Aladdin: A Musical Spectacular"
},
{
"id": "6040157",
"text": "Princess Jasmine Princess Jasmine is a fictional character who appears in Walt Disney Pictures' animated feature film \"Aladdin\" (1992). Voiced by American actress Linda Larkin – with a singing voice provided by Filipina singer Lea Salonga – Jasmine is the spirited Princess of Agrabah, who has grown weary of her life of palace confinement. Despite an age-old law stipulating that the princess must marry a prince in time for her upcoming birthday, Jasmine is instead determined to marry someone she loves for who he is as opposed to what he owns. Created by directors Ron Clements and John Musker with",
"title": "Princess Jasmine"
},
{
"id": "8166908",
"text": "wife died in 2007 at age 82. Val Bettin Valentine John \"Val\" Bettin (born August 1, 1923) is a retired American actor and voice actor, known for using an English accent in all of his roles. He is perhaps best known for voicing Dr. David Q. Dawson in the 1986 Disney animated film \"The Great Mouse Detective\" and the Sultan in \"The Return of Jafar\" and \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\", the two direct-to-video sequels to Disney's \"Aladdin\" as well as the TV show, taking over for Douglas Seale. Bettin also hosted \"The Storyteller\", a children's show on Chicago",
"title": "Val Bettin"
},
{
"id": "7239574",
"text": "independence, tired of the restrictions laid before her by her father. She falls in love with Aladdin while he is disguised as a prince after he takes her on a romantic ride on a magic carpet. Aladdin's genie companion is summoned by Jafar, who uses the genie's magic to tyrannically overthrow Jasmine's father, the Sultan. Luckily, after Jafar's defeat, the Sultan permits Jasmine to wed Aladdin despite his lack of royal heritage. Princess Jasmine is voiced by Linda Larkin, animated by Mark Henn, and her singing voice is provided by Lea Salonga (in the feature film) and Liz Callaway (in",
"title": "Disney Princess"
},
{
"id": "20267441",
"text": "neither were considered likely to obtain the role. In what became the final rounds of screen testing, actors Achraf Koutet, Mena Massoud, and George Kosturos were still in the running for the role of Aladdin. However, the studio had begun perusing old audition tapes for the role, having not been satisfied by the latest round of screen tests. At the 2017 D23 Expo, on July 15, it was announced that Massoud had been cast as Aladdin and Scott had been cast as Jasmine, ending a four month long open casting call. On July 17, 2017, it was revealed that Disney",
"title": "Aladdin (2019 film)"
},
{
"id": "1819727",
"text": "one year and nine months recording dialogue, for months without any other actors to interact, and later interrupting theater tours to fly to Los Angeles and record newly written lines. When Deja first met Freeman, he was surprised to see the lack of physical similarity to the character, but included some of Freeman's acting and gesturing into Jafar's animation. In \"Aladdin\", Jafar is the Grand Vizier of Agrabah, the Sultan's most trusted advisor and is also an evil sorcerer. Jafar secretly plots to possess the Genie's magical oil lamp and wish to be the ruler of Agrabah. Early in the",
"title": "Jafar (Disney)"
},
{
"id": "6326975",
"text": "Iago (Disney) Iago is a fictional supporting character in the animated \"Aladdin\" films and television series produced by The Walt Disney Company. He is voiced by Gilbert Gottfried and appeared in the first film as the sidekick to the main villain Jafar, and later becomes one of the protagonists for the remainder of the \"Aladdin\" franchise's run, particularly the two direct-to-video sequels and television adaptation. The red-plumed talking scarlet macaw is an homage to the villain of William Shakespeare's \"Othello\". Iago had been originally conceived as a \"British\" calm and serious character, but was reworked into a comic role after",
"title": "Iago (Disney)"
},
{
"id": "17785467",
"text": "to direct the film. Filming began in July 2017 and continued through January 2018. On July 15, at the D23 Expo it was announced that Naomi Scott and Will Smith were cast as Princess Jasmine and Genie, respectively, along with newcomer Mena Massoud being cast as Aladdin. The film is scheduled to be released on May 24, 2019. Shortly after \"The Return of Jafar\", an animated series was produced. The episodes focused on Aladdin's adventures after the events of the second film. The \"Aladdin\" characters later made a crossover with \"Hercules: The Animated Series\", and were featured as guests in",
"title": "Aladdin (franchise)"
},
{
"id": "6040161",
"text": "and Anglicized in both appearance and demeanor. Jasmine has made subsequent appearances in \"Aladdin\"'s sequels \"The Return of Jafar\" (1994) and \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\" (1996), as well as its television series and a Broadway musical adaption of the film. Both Larkin and Salonga have been awarded Disney Legends for their contributions to the role. Naomi Scott is set to play the character in a live action adaptation of the 1992 film. Jasmine is based on the princess who appears in the Middle Eastern folk tale collection \"One Thousand and One Nights\", specifically the story \"Aladdin and the",
"title": "Princess Jasmine"
},
{
"id": "1819726",
"text": "way he was contrasting to the other characters, with many vertical lines against the curvy designs based on Al Hirschfeld. Jonathan Freeman, who composers Alan Menken and Howard Ashman met when he auditioned for \"Little Shop of Horrors\" and had previously invited Freeman to audition for both \"The Little Mermaid\" and \"Beauty and the Beast\", said that the artwork was what got him truly interested in the role, declaring that \"once I saw those heavy lidded eyes, that long narrow face, I knew that Jafar was going to be something really special\". He was the first actor cast, and spent",
"title": "Jafar (Disney)"
},
{
"id": "4612416",
"text": "TV counterparts, with the notable exceptions of Dan Castellaneta filling in for Robin Williams in the Genie role (like in \"The Return of Jafar\"), and Val Bettin as the Sultan (who replaced Douglas Seale after the original film). Unlike \"The Little Mermaid\", the series does not feature any musical numbers. The series originally aired as a preview on The Disney Channel in early 1994, and in September of that year it began airing concurrently on the syndicated The Disney Afternoon block and on Saturday mornings on CBS (prior to Disney's purchase of rival ABC). Disney Channel reran the series from",
"title": "Aladdin (animated TV series)"
},
{
"id": "6040195",
"text": "the lamp. Jasmine and the Sultan are finally freed, and she and Aladdin become engaged after the Sultan abolishes the law so that Jasmine can legally marry whomever she chooses. Following the success of \"Aladdin\", Jasmine appears in the film's two direct-to-video sequels, in both of which Larkin reprises her role as the character, with Liz Callaway replacing Salonga as her singing voice. The first, \"The Return of Jafar\" (1994), features Jasmine as she begins to question her trust in Aladdin after he defends Jafar's former pet parrot, Iago, who escapes Jafar's lamp and rescues Aladdin from bandits, hoping to",
"title": "Princess Jasmine"
},
{
"id": "2274141",
"text": "The Return of Jafar The Return of Jafar (also known as Aladdin 2: The Return of Jafar) is a 1994 American direct-to-video animated musical fantasy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. It is the first sequel to the 1992 film \"Aladdin\", and serves as the pilot to the \"Aladdin\" animated series. Released on May 20, 1994, it was the first Disney direct-to-video animated film, and marked the first American direct-to-video animated film. It sold 15million VHS tapes and grossed , becoming one of the best-selling films on home video. Another direct-to-video sequel, \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\",",
"title": "The Return of Jafar"
},
{
"id": "815096",
"text": "Aladdin (1992 Disney film) Aladdin is a 1992 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The film is the 31st Disney animated feature film, and was the fourth produced during the Disney film era known as the Disney Renaissance. It was produced and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, and is based on the Arabic folktale of the same name from \"One Thousand and One Nights\" and the French interpretation by Antoine Galland. The voice cast features Scott Weinger, Robin Williams, Linda Larkin, Jonathan Freeman, Frank Welker, Gilbert Gottfried",
"title": "Aladdin (1992 Disney film)"
},
{
"id": "8901212",
"text": "songs of Burt Bacharach and Hal David. Callaway also had her own children's television show on WNEV-TV in Boston, \"Ready to Go\", which ran from 1987 to 1991. She left this series in order to begin rehearsals for \"Miss Saigon\" on Broadway. In July 2012, Ms. Callaway starred as Norma Desmond in the Pittsburgh CLO's new production of \"Sunset Boulevard\" Callaway has also provided the singing voices for a number of animated characters, including Kiara in \"\", Princess Jasmine in \"The Return of Jafar\" and \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\", Princess Odette in \"The Swan Princess\", and her most",
"title": "Liz Callaway"
},
{
"id": "20267445",
"text": "Dolby Cinema and IMAX by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures on May 24, 2019, replacing the original date set for \"\". Will Smith debuted the first official poster on October 10, 2018. The teaser trailer was released the following day. The film has drawn criticism for its decision to add a new original white character by casting actor Billy Magnussen as Prince Anders which fans and critics deemed \"unnecessary\" and \"offensive\", sparking accusations of whitewashing to the film while pointing out the irony regarding the worldwide search for actors and actresses to play the leads in connection to the controversy.",
"title": "Aladdin (2019 film)"
},
{
"id": "815142",
"text": "in July, but was delayed due to Disney having trouble finding the right people to play Aladdin and Jasmine. British actress Naomi Scott and Indian actress Tara Sutaria were being considered to play Jasmine. For the role of Aladdin, British actors Riz Ahmed and Dev Patel were initially considered, but it was later decided that a newcomer should be cast in the role. In July 2017, it was announced that Egyptian-Canadian actor Mena Massoud had been cast as Aladdin, Scott as Jasmine, and Smith as the Genie. At the 2017 D23 Expo, Menken announced that he would be co-writing new",
"title": "Aladdin (1992 Disney film)"
},
{
"id": "20267443",
"text": "Navid Negahban as the Sultan. When asked about Ritchie's take on the film, Pasek & Paul described it as \"very muscular and action-packed\". Despite initial reports, the animal characters Abu the monkey, Iago the parrot, and Rajah the tiger from the original film will be appearing in some capacity. Principal photography commenced on September 6, 2017, at Longcross Studios in Longcross, Surrey, England, and concluded on January 24, 2018. Part of the film was shot in Wadi Rum Desert, Jordan. Reshoots took place during the month of August 2018. At the 2017 D23 Expo, Alan Menken announced that he will",
"title": "Aladdin (2019 film)"
},
{
"id": "17785477",
"text": "\"Disney's Aladdin in Nasira's Revenge\" is the \"Aladdin\" franchise video game which was developed for the PlayStation and PC by Argonaut Games and distributed by Disney Interactive in 2001. The game is set after the events of \"The Return of Jafar\", during the television series, and before \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\". The legendary city of Agrabah is in trouble again: the evil sorceress Nasira (Jodi Benson) is out to avenge the death of her brother, the nefarious sorcerer Jafar (Jonathan Freeman). She begins her vengeful plot by taking over the palace with a spell and kidnapping Princess Jasmine",
"title": "Aladdin (franchise)"
},
{
"id": "17192548",
"text": "Productions and Tim Rice officially announced that the show would open in the summer 2016 in the West End and that auditions would be held from August through September 2015. In October 2015, it was announced that the show would officially open on June 9, 2016, with previews beginning May 27, and that Trevor Dion Nicholas would be playing the Genie. The official opening was later delayed till June 15, 2016. In November 2015 full cast was announced. Dean John-Wilson would play the role of Aladdin alongside Jade Ewen as Jasmine. Don Gallagher would play Jafar, Peter Howe would join",
"title": "Aladdin (2011 musical)"
},
{
"id": "20267440",
"text": "portray the titular role. It was revealed that over 2,000 actors and actresses had auditioned for the roles of Aladdin and Jasmine but that finding a male lead of Middle-Eastern or Indian descent in his 20s who could act and sing had proven difficult. Naomi Scott and Tara Sutaria were revealed to be the final two actresses in the running for the role of Jasmine, but neither could be cast until a chemistry test was done with whomever was cast as Aladdin. The studio was interested in casting Dev Patel or Riz Ahmed for the lead role of Aladdin, but",
"title": "Aladdin (2019 film)"
},
{
"id": "6040201",
"text": "and Jonathan Freeman, who portray Aladdin and Jafar, respectively, Reed was the only main cast member required to audition. After learning she had been cast, Reed hired a personal trainer and practiced a healthier diet to prepare herself for her revealing costumes in which she exposes her midriff as the character. In the musical, Jasmine resembles an even stronger, more spirited character than the film version, specifically the way in which she fights against marriage laws and men who wish to control her. Reed believes her character changed the most during workshops as the show traveled from Seattle to Toronto,",
"title": "Princess Jasmine"
},
{
"id": "639865",
"text": "Sullivan, Jack Nicholson, Robert De Niro, Groucho Marx, Rodney Dangerfield, William F. Buckley, Peter Lorre, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Arsenio Hall. His role in \"Aladdin\" became one of his most recognized and best-loved, and the film was the highest-grossing of 1992; it won numerous awards, including a Golden Globe for Williams. His performance led the way for other animated films to incorporate actors with more star power. He was named a Disney Legend in 2009. Williams continued to provide voices in other animated films, including \"\" (1992), \"Robots\" (2005), \"Happy Feet\" (2006), and an uncredited vocal performance in \"Everyone's Hero\" (2006).",
"title": "Robin Williams"
},
{
"id": "18980857",
"text": "the series \"North Star\" on YES Disney Channel. Messinger provided voice acting for animated films dubbed into Hebrew. Starting in 1993, she performed the role of Princess Jasmine in Disney's \"Aladdin\" film series (\"Aladdin, The Return of Jafar, Aladdin and the King of Thieves\"). In 1997, she performed the same role in Disney's television series \"Aladdin\", and the role of Kayley from the movie \"Quest for Camelot\". In 1996, she performed the role of Andy's mother from the \"Toy Story\" films, and played Calimero's mother in the television series \"Calimero\", Ariel in \"The Little Mermaid\" (replacing Shlomit Aharon), Rosie from",
"title": "Rama Messinger"
},
{
"id": "4730061",
"text": "a planned release for 2018. Deja is openly gay. His sexuality has been discussed as an influence on the development of some Disney characters. Andreas Deja Andreas Deja (born April 1, 1957) is a Polish-born German-American character animator, most noted for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios. Deja's work includes serving as supervising animator on characters in several Disney animated films, including the Disney villains Gaston in \"Beauty and the Beast\", Jafar in \"Aladdin\", Scar in \"The Lion King\" and the title character in \"Hercules\". Deja was born in Poland, but moved with his family to Germany. He credits",
"title": "Andreas Deja"
},
{
"id": "19374033",
"text": "of Aladdin (Deniz Akdeniz), and his story featuring the return of Jafar, now portrayed by Oded Fehr (the role had been previously played by Naveen Andrews on \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\"). Andrews was unavailable due to his previous commitment to Netflixs \"Sense8\". It was also announced that \"Galavant\"s Karen David was cast as Princess Jasmine. She made her debut in the fourth episode of the season. In early July, it was announced that Raphael Sbarge would be reprising his role as Jiminy Cricket / Dr. Archie Hopper in the season premiere. The character's last appearance was in the",
"title": "Once Upon a Time (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "2274154",
"text": "\"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\" was released on Blu-ray/DVD/Digital HD Combo Pack on January 5, 2016 as a Disney Movie Club exclusive in North America. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an overall approval rating of 33% based on 12 reviews collected, with a weighted average score of 3.9/10. David Nusair of reelfilm.com summed up most of the negative feelings that contributed to this rating: Despite the mostly negative reception, on the television program \"Siskel & Ebert\", the film received a \"two thumbs up\" from Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert. Writing for \"Entertainment Weekly\", Steve",
"title": "The Return of Jafar"
},
{
"id": "17785464",
"text": "won the four biggest awards of American show business: the Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony Awards. \"Aladdin\" was released in 1992. The 31st Disney animated feature film was directed by John Musker and Ron Clements, and is based on the Arabic folktale of \"Aladdin and the Magic Lamp\" from the \"One Thousand and One Nights\". The plot follows street urchin Aladdin as he attempts to gain the affection of Princess Jasmine after acquiring a magic lamp. \"Aladdin\" was followed by Disney's first direct-to-video sequel, \"The Return of Jafar\" in 1994. The plot mainly focused on Jafar seeking revenge on Aladdin.",
"title": "Aladdin (franchise)"
},
{
"id": "3938676",
"text": "of Music and Drama with Ewan McGregor and David Thewlis. His studies paid off when he won a role in Hanif Kureshi's film, \"London Kills Me\" (1991). Andrews starred in the 1993 BBC miniseries \"Buddha of Suburbia\". He portrayed \"Kip Singh\" in \"The English Patient\" (1996) and Sayid in the popular television series \"Lost\" (2004). In 2006, he was voted one of \"People\" magazine's World's Most Beautiful People. He starred in \"\" (1996), \"Mighty Joe Young\" (1998) and \"Bride and Prejudice\" (2004). He recently starred as Jafar in the American fantasy drama \"Once Upon a Time in Wonderland\". In 2014,",
"title": "Naveen Andrews"
},
{
"id": "815099",
"text": "and only number from a Disney feature to earn a Grammy Award for Song of the Year for the film's theme song sung by Peabo Bryson and Regina Belle. The film's VHS release also set a sales record and grossed about $500million in the United States. success led to various derived works and other material inspired by the film, including two direct-to-video sequels, \"The Return of Jafar\" (1994) and \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\" (1996); an animated television series of the same name; and a Broadway adaptation. A live-action adaptation of the film directed by Guy Ritchie will be",
"title": "Aladdin (1992 Disney film)"
},
{
"id": "9317297",
"text": "her love for Aladdin, wondering if he is a duplicitous liar after he saves Iago, Jafar's former pet parrot who had tortured her father. Meanwhile, Jafar is freed from his lamp by a socially awkward bandit named Abis Mal, and immediately plots his retribution against Aladdin. An animated series was created for Disney Channel and Toon Disney which aired from 1994 to 1996, based on the original 1992 feature. The series picked up where \"The Return of Jafar\" left off, with Aladdin still living on the streets of Agrabah, engaged to Jasmine. In the \"Aladdin\" television episode \"The Lost Ones\"",
"title": "Aladdin (Disney character)"
},
{
"id": "4730056",
"text": "Andreas Deja Andreas Deja (born April 1, 1957) is a Polish-born German-American character animator, most noted for his work at Walt Disney Animation Studios. Deja's work includes serving as supervising animator on characters in several Disney animated films, including the Disney villains Gaston in \"Beauty and the Beast\", Jafar in \"Aladdin\", Scar in \"The Lion King\" and the title character in \"Hercules\". Deja was born in Poland, but moved with his family to Germany. He credits seeing Disney's \"The Jungle Book\" as an 11-year-old with inspiring him to become an animator. At that young age, he promptly wrote to Walt",
"title": "Andreas Deja"
},
{
"id": "815100",
"text": "released on May 24, 2019. In the fictional city of Agrabah (which Disney places near the Jordan river), Jafar, the Grand vizier of the Sultan, and his parrot Iago, seek the lamp hidden within the Cave of Wonders, but are told that only a \"diamond in the rough\" may enter. Jafar identifies a street urchin named Aladdin. Princess Jasmine, who refuses to marry a suitor, temporarily leaves the palace and meets Aladdin and his pet monkey, Abu. Aladdin and Jasmine become friends and eventually fall in love. When the palace guards capture Aladdin on Jafar's orders, Jasmine confronts Jafar to",
"title": "Aladdin (1992 Disney film)"
},
{
"id": "15531140",
"text": "the film adaptation of the TV series of the same name. The movie was released on 24 March 2017, and earned Scott her first Teen Choice Award nomination. In July 2017, Scott was cast as Princess Jasmine in a live-action remake of \"Aladdin\". In July 2018, it was confirmed that Scott will star as one of the three lead 'Angels' in the new 2019 Elizabeth Banks directed reboot film of \"Charlie's Angels\", along with Kristen Stewart and Ella Balinska. Banks will portray the role of Bosley. A: \"She's So Gone\" did not enter the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, but peaked at",
"title": "Naomi Scott"
},
{
"id": "17196809",
"text": "Abanazar (pantomime) Abanazar is a magician and the primary antagonist in the Aladdin pantomime. He was also the basis for Jafar in the Disney version of Aladdin. The character first appeared in the harlequinade \"Aladin\" in 1788 as 'The African Magician', but was given the name Abanazer in 1813 in \"Aladdin or The Wonderful Lamp\" at Covent Garden Opera House in 1813, described as 'A New Melo-Dramatick Romance', and revived in 1826. Other names which have been used for the character are Mourad, Abel el Nesir, Kiradamac, Abanazac and Hocus Pocus. It was with Henry James Byron's \"Aladdin or the",
"title": "Abanazar (pantomime)"
},
{
"id": "12543443",
"text": "Karine Costa Karine Costa (born 1977 in Paris) is a French singer, particularly known for her songs from Disney films. She is the singing voice of Jasmine in the animated film \"Aladdin\", produced by Disney studios and released in 1992. She has recorded \"Ce Rêve bleu\" (the French adaptation of \"A Whole New World\") in duet first with Paolo Domingo, then with Daniel Lévi (#3 in France), and \"Tombé du ciel\" with Emmanuel Dahl. She has also recorded the song \"C'est la vie\" for the film \"Bambi 2\". She had a hit with her own version of Burt Bacharach's song,",
"title": "Karine Costa"
},
{
"id": "4310791",
"text": "Clements, Kirk Wise, and Gary Trousdale, the new guard of Disney artists creating these films included story artists/directors Roger Allers, Rob Minkoff, Chris Sanders, and Brenda Chapman, and lead animators Glen Keane, Andreas Deja, Eric Goldberg, Nik Ranieri, Will Finn, and many others. \"Aladdin\", released in November 1992, continued the upward trend in Disney's animation success, earning $504 million worldwide at the box office, and two more Oscars for Best Song and Best Score. Featuring songs by Menken, Ashman, and Tim Rice (who replaced Ashman after his passing) and starring the voice of Robin Williams, \"Aladdin\" also established the trend",
"title": "Walt Disney Animation Studios"
},
{
"id": "5823509",
"text": "the Public Theater's production of \"Titus Andronicus\", and two roles in James Lapine's Lincoln Center production of \"The Winter's Tale\". He provided the singing voice of the character Aladdin, opposite Lea Salonga (Jasmine), in the 1992 film of the same name, as well as its sequels. In 1993, Kane teamed up again with Salonga to do a live version of \"A Whole New World\", the hit song from \"Aladdin\", at the 65th Academy Awards. In 1993, he played Arpad Laszlo in the Broadway revival of \"She Loves Me\". He also played Tucker Wells in the season three episode \"The Prom\"",
"title": "Brad Kane"
},
{
"id": "221148",
"text": "them. I think KFC really stepped up to the plate; unfortunately PETA did not.\" He performed a mentalism and magic act at The Magic Castle in Hollywood, California from April 24 to 30, 2006, and was later named The Academy of Magical Arts Parlor Magician of the Year for this act. Alexander had previously been given the Academy's Junior Achievement Award in 1989. Alexander was the national spokesman for the Scleroderma Foundation, a leading organization dedicated to raising awareness of the disease and assisting those who are afflicted. Alexander voiced the character Abis Mal in \"The Return of Jafar\" and",
"title": "Jason Alexander"
},
{
"id": "1883202",
"text": "native language the phonological profile typical of the nationality to be portrayed in what is commonly called \"speaking with an accent\". Accents may have stereotypical associations. For example, in Disney animated films mothers and fathers typically speak with white middle class American or English accents. English accents in Disney animated films are frequently employed to serve one of two purposes, slapstick comedy or evil genius. Examples include \"Aladdin\" (the Sultan and Jafar, respectively) and \"The Lion King\" (Zazu and Scar, respectively), among others. Accent (sociolinguistics) In sociolinguistics, an accent is a manner of pronunciation peculiar to a particular individual, location,",
"title": "Accent (sociolinguistics)"
},
{
"id": "12605295",
"text": "extra verses in the middle of \"Prince Ali\". Soundtrack.net explains how \"Prince Ali (reprise)\" was conceived: \"Prince Ali\" is a flamboyant number sung by the Genie (Robin Williams) as he introduces Agrabah to Prince Ali Ababwa, Aladdin's royal alter ego, with a giant caravan. A reprise of the song has Jafar (Jonathan Freeman) unmask Aladdin as a poor thief. An early reprise of the song in the stage musical has the Sultan announcing to the city's residents about his daughter, Jasmine marrying the prince. The Genie character is known for spouting elements of contemporary pop culture, so all his songs",
"title": "Prince Ali (song)"
},
{
"id": "20267438",
"text": "August penning the screenplay for Walt Disney Pictures with Dan Lin attached as producer. The studio said that the film would be \"an ambitious and nontraditional\" take on the tale of \"Aladdin\" that would keep much of the musical elements of the original film. On the non-traditional aspect, the studio planned for the film to be told in a nonlinear format. In February 2017, Lin revealed about casting during an interview, saying that they were looking for a diverse cast and that they would not try \"to make \"\"\". A worldwide casting call for the lead roles of Aladdin and",
"title": "Aladdin (2019 film)"
},
{
"id": "3282226",
"text": "Lee turned down the role and was replaced by Robin Shou. Lee played Caine 607 in the 1998 film \"Soldier\", along with Kurt Russell and \"Mortal Kombat\" film director Paul Anderson. In 2000 he played Aladdin in the miniseries \"Arabian Nights\". He did voice-over work for the 2002 Disney animated adventure film \"Lilo & Stitch\". Lee went on to appear in several direct-to-video films such as \"\" (2001), \"\" (2003), and \"\" (2005). Lee is among the actors, producers and directors interviewed in the documentary \"The Slanted Screen\" (2006), directed by Jeff Adachi, about the representation of Asian and Asian",
"title": "Jason Scott Lee"
},
{
"id": "12249627",
"text": "Bruce Adler Bruce Adler (November 27, 1944 – July 25, 2008) was an American Broadway actor. After debuting on the Broadway stage in the 1979 revival of \"Oklahoma!\", he went on to a career that saw him nominated for Tony Awards as Best Featured Actor in a Musical for \"Those Were the Days\" (1991) and \"Crazy For You\" (1992). His film work was limited to voice work in animated films, notably providing the singing voice for the narrator of the 1992 Disney film \"Aladdin\" and the 1996 sequel \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\". Born in New York City, Adler's",
"title": "Bruce Adler"
},
{
"id": "17542925",
"text": "not usually feature their voice actors. However, since the prominently billed voice role of Robin Williams in the 1992 film \"Aladdin\", films have frequently been marketed with well-known names as voice actors, billed as stars in their own right, and often receiving coaching by specialist voice actors. In television and radio commercials and movie trailers, voice actors are often recruited through voice acting agencies. Ernie Anderson, David Mark, Don LaFontaine, Miguel Ferrer, Billy West, Ashton Smith and others have made careers in this field. For live action production, voice acting often involves reading the parts of computer programs (Douglas Rain;",
"title": "Voice acting in the United States"
},
{
"id": "12543444",
"text": "\"I Say a Little Prayer\" (made famous by Dionne Warwick) that is currently used in France in the TV advert for the Crédit mutuel. Karine Costa Karine Costa (born 1977 in Paris) is a French singer, particularly known for her songs from Disney films. She is the singing voice of Jasmine in the animated film \"Aladdin\", produced by Disney studios and released in 1992. She has recorded \"Ce Rêve bleu\" (the French adaptation of \"A Whole New World\") in duet first with Paolo Domingo, then with Daniel Lévi (#3 in France), and \"Tombé du ciel\" with Emmanuel Dahl. She has",
"title": "Karine Costa"
},
{
"id": "20267444",
"text": "be co-writing new songs for the film with songwriters of \"La La Land\", Pasek & Paul. Menken would also score the film, which will also include the original film's songs written by Menken, Howard Ashman and Tim Rice. Pasek and Paul wrote the lyrics for two new songs. One of them is a solo for the character of Jasmine. which Paul called \"a beautiful piece of music\", and praised Scott's singing as \"incredible\". The other song is a new duet for Aladdin and Jasmine, which Paul referred to as \"a sweet song\". \"Aladdin\" is scheduled to be released in 3D,",
"title": "Aladdin (2019 film)"
},
{
"id": "815120",
"text": "which apparently really \"clashed\" with the Williams' wilder home decor. Williams refused to sign on for \"The Return of Jafar\" so it was Dan Castellaneta that voiced the Genie. When Jeffrey Katzenberg was replaced by Joe Roth as Walt Disney Studios chairman, Roth organized a public apology to Williams. Williams would, in turn, reprise the role in the 1996 direct-to-video sequel \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\". Composer Alan Menken and songwriters Howard Ashman and Tim Rice were praised for creating a soundtrack that is \"consistently good, rivaling the best of Disney's other animated musicals from the '90s.\" Menken and",
"title": "Aladdin (1992 Disney film)"
},
{
"id": "9063474",
"text": "Hercules and the Arabian Night \"Hercules and the Arabian Night\" is a crossover episode of Disney's \"Hercules: The Animated Series\" featuring characters from Disney's \"Aladdin\" franchise including, Aladdin, Princess Jasmine, Jafar and Abu. It aired on February 10, 1999 and is a sequel to \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\". As Hades goes through his usual job of bringing fresh souls in, Pain and Panic tell him that one of the souls is not cooperating. The soul in question, Jafar, approaches Hades and demands to be sent back. Hades is at first unconcerned, but they find a common ground: Jafar",
"title": "Hercules and the Arabian Night"
},
{
"id": "10073395",
"text": "Like Me,\" \"Prince Ali,\" and \"A Whole New World,\" and until 2018 included the song \"Why Me\" which is sung by Jafar and Iago. It was originally written for the Disney film, but it was cut. The songs are somewhat different in \"Aladdin Jr.\" For example, the \"One Jump Ahead\" reprise is sung by Jasmine, not Aladdin. There are additional changes in the musical. For instance, three princes come try for Jasmine's hand in marriage. The additional narrators reprise \"Arabian Nights\" several times throughout the musical in order to more quickly further the plot as well as have \"red carpet",
"title": "Aladdin Jr."
},
{
"id": "6326992",
"text": "the film's focus as he grapples between standing by Aladdin or succumbing to Jafar's evil pressures.\" Iago's ability of mimicking voices (e.g., Aladdin) was referenced during a sketch entitled the \"Real Housewives of Disney\" in an episode of \"Saturday Night Live\". Iago (Disney) Iago is a fictional supporting character in the animated \"Aladdin\" films and television series produced by The Walt Disney Company. He is voiced by Gilbert Gottfried and appeared in the first film as the sidekick to the main villain Jafar, and later becomes one of the protagonists for the remainder of the \"Aladdin\" franchise's run, particularly the",
"title": "Iago (Disney)"
},
{
"id": "6040171",
"text": "and Scott Weinger, voice of Aladdin. Apart from some rough, unfinished storyboards and drawings, Larkin did not see much of her character until the film was finally screened at the Museum of Modern Art. Before discovering Larkin, Disney had been insisting on auditioning exclusively performers who were capable of singing as well as they could act. However, after Williams' recruitment, the studio relented in favor of casting \"strong actors\" instead. When Larkin first auditioned for the role, \"A Whole New World\", Jasmine's only surviving song, had not yet been written; she admitted, \"there's no way I would have even auditioned",
"title": "Princess Jasmine"
},
{
"id": "10409570",
"text": "Madagascar\" as a producer along with Schooley, again with regular voices Sullivan and John DiMaggio. As of 2016, McCorkle and Schooley are creating and executive producing a new TV series based on the 2014 Disney animated feature, \"Big Hero 6\" for Disney XD and Disney Channel. He has also written screenplays for \"Aladdin: The Return of Jafar\", \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\", \"\", \"Sky High\" and \"Hotel for Dogs\" as well as co-writer again with Bob Schooley of the novel \"Liar of Kudzu\". Mark McCorkle Mark McCorkle is an American screenwriter, television writer and television producer. Among others, he",
"title": "Mark McCorkle"
},
{
"id": "11212990",
"text": "evil Jafar. Aladdin (Indian TV series) Aladdin – Jaanbaaz Ek Jalwe Anek is an Indian Hindi-language television series that was aired on Zee TV from 16 November 2007 to 21 March 2009, based on the story of Aladdin, a character from The Arabian Nights. The series was produced by \"Applause Entertainment\", a television production company owned by the Aditya Birla Group Corporation. Re-runs of the show aired on BIG Magic. The plot revolves around 15-year-old Aladdin who faces many obstacles because he is an orphan. Above all, he is tortured by his own aunt and uncle, who treat him like",
"title": "Aladdin (Indian TV series)"
},
{
"id": "6326987",
"text": "He is last seen with Cassim waving farewell to the newly-wed Aladdin and Jasmine as they ride off to the night. Iago appears as a supporting character in the straight-to-DVD movie \"\" and he performs a musical number called \"Peacock Princess\" with Princess Jasmine. In the video game \"Kingdom Hearts\", he is initially Jafar's sidekick, but then later is used by the player to assist in defeating Jafar. His Japanese voice actor in \"Kingdom Hearts\" is Akira Kamiya, and his voice actor in \"Kingdom Hearts II\" is Tōru Ōkawa. Gilbert Gottfried reprises his role in the English versions of both",
"title": "Iago (Disney)"
},
{
"id": "19878164",
"text": "Adam Jacobs Adam Jacobs (born May 17, 1979) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for originating the title role in Disney's \"Aladdin\" on Broadway. Born in Half Moon Bay, California, Jacobs initially studied piano at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music, beginning at the age of 5. He played the instrument for eight years and later found an interest in musical theater. Jacobs performed in local community theater and high school productions. To accumulate additional training, he also attended the summer programs of the American Conservatory Theater (ACT) in downtown SF and the California Institute of",
"title": "Adam Jacobs"
},
{
"id": "5020256",
"text": "A Whole New World \"A Whole New World\" is a song from Disney's 1992 animated feature film \"Aladdin\", with music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Tim Rice. A duet originally recorded by singers Brad Kane and Lea Salonga in their respective roles as the singing voices of the main characters Aladdin and Jasmine, the ballad serves as both the film's love and theme song. Lyrically, \"A Whole New World\" describes Aladdin showing the confined princess a life of freedom and the pair's acknowledgment of their love for each other while riding on a magic carpet. The song garnered an",
"title": "A Whole New World"
},
{
"id": "3850058",
"text": "provided the voice of Junkyard Dog in \"Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling\" (1985–86), Turbo in \"Rambo and the Forces of Freedom\" (1986) and Haroud Hazi Bin in \"Aladdin\" (1994). Avery was the commencement speaker for his alma mater, UC San Diego's Thurgood Marshall College in 2007, and again in 2012. In 1988, Avery married Barbara. He had no children of his own, but was a stepfather to Kevin Waters. On December 31, 2013, Avery died aged 68, from complications following open heart surgery at Glendale Memorial Medical Center. Janet Hubert, who portrayed his original on-screen wife Vivian on \"The Fresh",
"title": "James Avery (actor)"
},
{
"id": "17196810",
"text": "Wonderful Scamp\" in 1861 that the modern pantomime took form and the character was essentially established. Byron added burlesque (as can be seen by the name parodying the earlier opera) so the character is evil but played for laughs. Abanazar (pantomime) Abanazar is a magician and the primary antagonist in the Aladdin pantomime. He was also the basis for Jafar in the Disney version of Aladdin. The character first appeared in the harlequinade \"Aladin\" in 1788 as 'The African Magician', but was given the name Abanazer in 1813 in \"Aladdin or The Wonderful Lamp\" at Covent Garden Opera House in",
"title": "Abanazar (pantomime)"
},
{
"id": "3172412",
"text": "Scott Weinger Scott Weinger (born October 5, 1975) is an American actor, voice actor, writer and producer, best known as the voice of the title character in Disney's \"Aladdin\". Weinger reprised the role in the two direct-to-video sequels, the television series of the same name, and the \"Kingdom Hearts\" and \"Disney Infinity\" video game series. He is also known for playing Steve Hale on the ABC sitcom \"Full House\" and its Netflix sequel \"Fuller House\". He is also a writer and producer for television, including for ABC's \"Galavant\" and \"Black-ish\". He was a co-executive producer of ABC's \"The Muppets\". Weinger",
"title": "Scott Weinger"
},
{
"id": "2274161",
"text": "Aladdin and the King of Thieves Aladdin and the King of Thieves (also known as Aladdin 3: Aladdin and the King of Thieves) is a 1996 American direct-to-video animated musical fantasy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. It is the second sequel to the 1992 film \"Aladdin\", and serves as the final chapter of the \"Arabian Nights\"-inspired Disney franchise beginning with the first film, and continuing with its first direct-to-video sequel \"The Return of Jafar\" and the animated series of the same name. The film is inspired by the tale \"Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves\" from the",
"title": "Aladdin and the King of Thieves"
},
{
"id": "2274162",
"text": "\"1001 Arabian Nights\", replacing Ali Baba with Aladdin, and for the first time since the original \"Aladdin\", the film has a completely new soundtrack instead of the rearranged music from the original film for \"The Return of Jafar\" and the series. Though the film serves as the finale of the series, the characters also appear in a 1999 crossover episode of the animated series \"Hercules,\" titled \"Hercules and the Arabian Night\", as well as the 2007 direct-to-video title called \"\". While the Genie and the people of Agrabah prepare for the upcoming wedding of Aladdin and Princess Jasmine, Aladdin retrieves",
"title": "Aladdin and the King of Thieves"
},
{
"id": "4612418",
"text": "Arabian Night,\" an episode of \"\". Guest stars intended to be in the series included George C. Scott, Hank Azaria, June Foray, Paul Winchell, Phil Hartman, James Earl Jones and Richard Horvitz, but the makers did not have the time. The animated television series was animated by Walt Disney Television Animation (Australia) Pty. Limited, Walt Disney Animation Japan, Inc., Toon City Animation, Inc., in Manila, Philippines, Kennedy Cartoons in Manila, Philippines and Kennedy Cartoons in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Guimarares Productions in São Paulo, Brasil, Moving Images International (working with Toon City on the show's episodes) in Manila, Philippines, Animal-ya (also",
"title": "Aladdin (animated TV series)"
},
{
"id": "660777",
"text": "Voice Actors: A Biographical Dictionary\", Salonga was originally cast to provide both Mulan's speaking and singing voices. However, the directors eventually felt that her attempt at impersonating a man in the form of Mulan's male alter-ego \"Ping\" was rather unconvincing, and ultimately replacing Salonga with Wen. Six years prior to \"Mulan\", Salonga provided the singing voice of Princess Jasmine in Disney's \"Aladdin \"(1992) on behalf of American actress Linda Larkin. While auditioning for Mulan, Salonga asked jokingly, \"Why do I have to audition? ... I was already a princess before. Wasn't that enough?\" The film's screenplay was constantly being revised",
"title": "Mulan (Disney character)"
},
{
"id": "14317417",
"text": "2017, Hickman has portrayed Nasreen Paracha in Channel 4 school drama \"Ackley Bridge\". In 2018, Hickman appeared in the Netflix original series \"Safe\" as Sia Marshall. In 2014, Hickman played Princess Jasmine in her management's version of \"Aladdin\", which took place in Swansea, Wales. Hickman starred in another of her management's pantomimes in late 2015, this time in \"Sleeping Beauty,\" playing the role of Jill, alongside her Tracy Beaker Returns co-star Joe Maw who played the corresponding Jack. In 2016, Hickman appeared in \"Sleeping Beauty\" at the Sunderland Empire Theatre, where she played the role of Princess Briar Rose. Hickman",
"title": "Amy-Leigh Hickman"
},
{
"id": "815141",
"text": "death. In October 2016, it was reported that Disney was developing a live-action adaptation of \"Aladdin\" with Guy Ritchie signed on to direct the film. John August is writing the script, which will reportedly retain the musical elements of the original film, while Dan Lin is attached as producer. Lin revealed that they were looking for a diverse cast. In April 2017, Will Smith entered talks to play the Genie. The following month, Jade Thirlwall entered talks to portray the role of Jasmine. Alan Menken said filming was slated to begin August 2017. Production had originally been scheduled to begin",
"title": "Aladdin (1992 Disney film)"
},
{
"id": "4626743",
"text": "and Black Country Communion drummer Jason Bonham (the son of the late John Bonham, drummer for Led Zeppelin). Myles Kennedy, who was at the time the lead vocalist of The Mayfield Four and now the frontman of Alter Bridge and Slash's solo project, makes a cameo appearance. The singing voice for Wahlberg's character was provided by Steelheart frontman Miljenko Matijevic for the Steel Dragon Songs, and the final number was dubbed by Brian Vander Ark. Jeff Scott Soto (of Talisman, Yngwie Malmsteen, Soul SirkUS, and Journey) provided the voice of the singer Wahlberg's character replaces. Kennedy is the only actor",
"title": "Rock Star (2001 film)"
},
{
"id": "18028226",
"text": "in general, so basically I'm kind of being me with the volume turned up.\" Iglehart departed the company of \"Aladdin\" in February 2017 to begin rehearsals in the role of Marquis de Lafayette/Thomas Jefferson in the Broadway company of \"Hamilton\". Igleheart also guest starred in two episodes of \"Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt\" as Coriolanus Burt, the rival of male protagonist Titus Andromedon. Igleheart voices the character Lance Strongbow in \"\". He was raised in Hayward, California, with his brother. His father is a business man, and his mother is a former high school choir teacher. He met his future wife Dawn",
"title": "James Monroe Iglehart"
},
{
"id": "4612417",
"text": "1997 until 2000. The show was shown on Toon Disney from April 1998 until December 2008. The series was followed by \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\", which was released on August 13, 1996. After Jafar's death, Aladdin continues his duty as the savior of Agrabah. He and his friends continue their adventure, exploring the world and protecting the city from the group of villains. A total of eighty-six episodes were produced. The direct-to-video film \"Aladdin and the King of Thieves\" marked after the series. It was followed by a guest appearance on November 24, 1998, in \"Hercules and the",
"title": "Aladdin (animated TV series)"
},
{
"id": "20267439",
"text": "Princess Jasmine commenced in March 2017, with principal production set to begin in the UK in July 2017 until January 2018. On April 19, 2017, it was reported that either Gabriel Iglesias or Will Smith was in talks for the role of Genie, for which the latter was confirmed in July. In May 2017, it was revealed that Jade Thirlwall was in talks for the part of Princess Jasmine. On July 11, 2017, it was revealed that principal production on \"Aladdin\" had been pushed back by a month, to August 2017, due to struggles in finding the right actor to",
"title": "Aladdin (2019 film)"
},
{
"id": "6040167",
"text": "matching his pace. The filmmakers had originally envisioned Jasmine's voice as similar to that of actress Lauren Bacall. Jasmine's speaking voice is provided by American actress Linda Larkin. The role was only one of several auditions Larkin had scheduled during the same week in which she auditioned for \"Aladdin\", and she originally underestimated the scope of the project, joking, \"I thought it was going to be something like \"Duck Tales\" (sic)\". Initially presented with only a few pages of the screenplay, Larkin found that she was particularly drawn to Jasmine's \"spirit of activism\", in addition to the ways in which",
"title": "Princess Jasmine"
},
{
"id": "20267437",
"text": "2016, Disney announced Guy Ritchie would direct a live-action \"Aladdin\" remake. Smith was the first member of the cast to join, signing on to voice Genie in July 2017, and later that month Massoud and Scott were confirmed for the two lead roles. Principal photography began that September at Longcross Studios in Surrey, England, also filming in the Wadi Rum Desert in Jordan, and lasted until January 2018. \"Aladdin\" is scheduled to be released in the United States on May 24, 2019. On October 10, 2016, it was announced that Guy Ritchie would direct a live-action \"Aladdin\" film with John",
"title": "Aladdin (2019 film)"
},
{
"id": "16784534",
"text": "Deniz Akdeniz Deniz Akdeniz (born May 16, 1990) is an Australian actor. He was nominated for the \"Award for Best Actor\" at the 2010 Inside Film Awards, for his role of \"Homer\" in the Australian box office hit \"Tomorrow, When the War Began\". Akdeniz is also known for his role of \"Raff\" in the Disney television production \"As the Bell Rings\", and for portraying Aladdin on Season 6 of the ABC television series \"Once Upon a Time\". Akdeniz is of Turkish origin; his parents emigrated from Izmir, Turkey, in 1987. His father, Atilla, is a lecturer at Melbourne University and",
"title": "Deniz Akdeniz"
}
] | who does the voice for jafar in aladdin |
|
| [
{
"id": "20314072",
"text": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25) Season twenty-five of \"Dancing with the Stars\" premiered on September 18, 2017, on the ABC network. On November 21, 2017, actor and singer Jordan Fisher and Lindsay Arnold were declared the winners, marking Arnold's first win. Violinist and composer Lindsey Stirling and Mark Ballas finished second, while actor and race car driver Frankie Muniz and Witney Carson finished third. Having won at age 23, Fisher is currently the youngest male winner of the show, surpassing short track speed skating competitor Apolo Anton Ohno (season 4). Fisher also currently holds the record for most",
"title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25)"
},
{
"id": "19948056",
"text": "The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 25) is an installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series \"The Ultimate Fighter\". The series was officially announced by the UFC on January 15, 2017 during the broadcast. Current UFC Bantamweight Champion Cody Garbrandt will be coaching opposite former champion T.J. Dillashaw. Both of them are former training partners. As the twenty-fifth season of the American entries of the series, the producers have opted to bring back previous participants from the previous seasons. Per the UFC's announcement, the cast consists of welterweights that",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption"
},
{
"id": "19948062",
"text": "later rescheduled for UFC 217. The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 25) is an installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series \"The Ultimate Fighter\". The series was officially announced by the UFC on January 15, 2017 during the broadcast. Current UFC Bantamweight Champion Cody Garbrandt will be coaching opposite former champion T.J. Dillashaw. Both of them are former training partners. As the twenty-fifth season of the American entries of the series, the producers have opted to bring back previous participants from the previous seasons. Per the UFC's announcement, the",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption"
},
{
"id": "20314080",
"text": "styles. For the first time, a short window of \"last chance\" audience voting was added for the Eastern and Central time zones immediately after the final scored dance. The celebrities and professional partners will dance one of these routines for each corresponding week: Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25) Season twenty-five of \"Dancing with the Stars\" premiered on September 18, 2017, on the ABC network. On November 21, 2017, actor and singer Jordan Fisher and Lindsay Arnold were declared the winners, marking Arnold's first win. Violinist and composer Lindsey Stirling and Mark Ballas finished second, while actor and race",
"title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25)"
},
{
"id": "4892036",
"text": "the most notable in several seasons of the Ultimate Fighter, perhaps owing to this season being the first for the weight classes. Fighters once again had to compete to get into the house, but during the preliminary round, Dana White announced end-of-season bonuses for the best knockout, submission and fight. The awards went to John Dodson, Dennis Bermudez and Dustin Pague vs. Louis Gaudinot respectively. The eventual winners of the season were John Dodson (who defeated T.J. Dillashaw at bantamweight) and Diego Brandao (who defeated Dennis Bermudez at featherweight). The fifteenth season was the first season to air on FX",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "16454021",
"text": "in the opening moments of the bout, he was able to recover and submit Schnell in the first round by front choke. In the semifinals, Elliott faced 15th ranked 'Team Benavidez' teammate Eric Shelton. After two competitive rounds, Elliott was declared the winner by majority decision. Elliott fought 5th ranked 'Team Benavidez' teammate Hiromasa Ogikubo in the final round. Elliott won the fight by unanimous decision 30–27, winning the 24th season of The Ultimate Fighter. As a result of winning , Elliott won the opportunity to fight flyweight champion Demetrious Johnson. He fought Johnson on December 3, 2016 at for",
"title": "Tim Elliott"
},
{
"id": "6420821",
"text": "the fight via TKO in the first round. Stevenson made a quick return to the cage, facing Gabriel Miglioli at Tru-Form Entertainment on August 26, 2016. He won the fight by unanimous decision. Stevenson is a contestant of , consisting of fighters that have been competing in previous The Ultimate Fighter seasons. In February 2017, it was revealed that Stevenson would compete again on the UFC's reality show in the 25th season on \"\". Stevenson was the fifth pick overall for Team Dillashaw. He was defeated by Justin Edwards in the opening round by unanimous decision. He was defeated by",
"title": "Joe Stevenson"
},
{
"id": "4892038",
"text": "was the first regional version of the show. That season was coached by Vitor Belfort and Wanderlei Silva and featured featherweights and middleweights. This season featured a scrambling of the teams, as seven of the Team Vitor fighters had won for only one of the Team Wanderlei fighters. The finalists for the show were Rony \"Jason\" Mariano Bezerra and Godofredo Pepey in the featherweight division and Cezar \"Mutante\" Ferreira and Daniel Sarafian in the middleweight division. However, Sarafian was forced to withdraw from the finale, making him the first and (to-date) only finalist to ever withdraw through injury. He was",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "20139416",
"text": "and former Invicta FC Bantamweight Champion and current UFC fighter Lauren Murphy. Team Alvarez: Episode 1: A New World Champion (August 30, 2017) Episode 2: Fight! (September 6, 2017) Episode 3: Time to Shine (September 13, 2017) Episode 4: The Truth in Me (September 20, 2017) Episode 5: Feelings Mean Nothing (September 27, 2017) Episode 6: Predator (October 4, 2017) Episode 7: Enjoy the Moment (October 18, 2017) Episode 8: Sink or Swim (November 1, 2017) Episode 9: The Fight Gods (November 8, 2017) Episode 10: Make it a Fight (November 15, 2017) Episode 11: A Will to Win (November",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: A New World Champion"
},
{
"id": "4892023",
"text": "interest in the sport. The Stephan Bonnar and Forrest Griffin bout saved the sport according to many journalists and Dana White. Despite his loss, Bonnar was also awarded a coveted contract live on the air, after White declared that \"There were no losers in this fight.\" Griffin and Diego Sanchez are also regarded as the original Ultimate Fighters, after their wins at the finale. The second season saw welterweights and heavyweights compete, featuring coaches Rich Franklin and Matt Hughes. The final saw Rashad Evans defeating Brad Imes and Joe Stevenson defeating Luke Cummo. The third season highlighted the long-standing rivalry",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "19948057",
"text": "have all competed on \"The Ultimate Fighter\" on previous seasons; this includes former participants and winners of the show, as well as one current UFC fighter. The cast was announced on February 15, including former UFC Lightweight Championship challenger and The Ultimate Fighter 2 welterweight winner Joe Stevenson, middleweight winner Eddie Gordon, as well as current UFC fighter James Krause. This season debuted on April 19, 2017 on Fox Sports 1. Team Garbrandt: \"*Nunez replaced Hector Urbina (), after Urbina failed to make weight.\" Episode 1: Redemption (April 19, 2017) Episode 2: Eat Some Souls (April 26, 2017) Episode 3:",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption"
},
{
"id": "4892031",
"text": "entire season, hyping their eventual fight further. However, midway through the airing of the season, it was announced that Jackson was filming The A-Team, as its lead character B. A. Baracus, leading to the postponement of the coaches' fight. The season also featured several former NFL players, with one - Brendan Schaub - making the final of the show. Additionally, the season was occasionally criticised after the cardio of the heavyweights came into question. The final saw MMA veteran Roy Nelson and Brendan Schaub, with Nelson winning via first-round knockout. The eleventh season saw former UFC Light Heavyweight champions Tito",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "4892024",
"text": "between Tito Ortiz and Ken Shamrock. It was also the first season to feature competitors from outside of North America, after the addition of Michael Bisping and Ross Pointon. The season saw a format change, when the team-games were eliminated in favour of a conventional knockout style tournament format. The final fights saw Michael Bisping become the first non-American winner, defeating Josh Haynes and Kendall Grove defeat Ed Herman. The fourth season was different from others before it, as it was the \"comeback\" season. Past UFC fighters who hadn't had the success they were expected to have, were invited back,",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "4892025",
"text": "to compete in the show, with the winner receiving a guaranteed title shot. This season was also the only one to date to not feature team coaches. Instead, the show had guest coaches each week. The final saw Matt Serra defeat Chris Lytle and Travis Lutter defeat Patrick Côté to receive their guaranteed title shots. The fifth season was coached by Jens Pulver and B.J. Penn, as the company attempted to kickstart the lightweight division. The show featured many of the future stars of the lightweight division such as Nate Diaz, Joe Lauzon, Gray Maynard, Matt Wiman and Cole Miller.Despite",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "4892028",
"text": "season was coached by UFC Light Heavyweight champion Quinton Jackson and challenger Forrest Griffin, the first season's winner. The season's final was due to be competed between Amir Sadollah, who hadn't competed in a professional fight before the show, and Jesse Taylor. However, Taylor was kicked off the show after filming had completed, when he kicked the window out of a limosine in Las Vegas. His slot was taken by C.B. Dollaway who defeated Tim Credeur for the right, but Sadollah won in the final to become \"The Ultimate Fighter.\" The eighth season was coached by UFC Interim Heavyweight champion",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "19948058",
"text": "Iron Sharpens Iron (May 3, 2017) Episode 4: Piece of Us (May 10, 2017) Episode 5: A Brutal Business (May 17, 2017) Episode 6: Let Me Bang! (May 24, 2017) Episode 7: Dark Horse (May 31, 2017) Episode 8: Kryptonite (June 7, 2017) Episode 9: Killashaw (June 14, 2017) Episode 10: Time to Smash (June 21, 2017) Episode 11: Embrace the Snake (June 28, 2017) Episode 12: The Winner's Circle (July 5, 2017) The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption Finale (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 25 Finale) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship held on",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption"
},
{
"id": "4892029",
"text": "Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira and Frank Mir, with lightweights and light heavyweights being the focus for the season. The show was largely dominated by the actions of Junie Browning, who would regularly get drunk and act in an aggressive manner towards his fellow castmates. The two fights at the final saw Efrain Escudero defeat Phillipe Nover and Ryan Bader defeat Vinny Magalhães. The ninth season saw a United States vs. United Kingdom theme for the show, with Dan Henderson and Michael Bisping coaching the respective sides. The two sides contrasted, with the UK side showing close friendship (with many coming from",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "18627583",
"text": "July 5, 2015, Lima confirmed his release from the UFC. In February 2017, it was revealed that Lima would compete again on the UFC's reality show in the 25th season on \"\". Lima was the fourth pick overall for Team Dillashaw. He faced Hayder Hassan in the opening round and won by unanimous decision. He faced Gilbert Smith in the quarter finals, winning the bout in a third round sudden death victory. Smith announced his retirement after the loss to Lima. In the semi-finals, Lima faced teammate Tom Gallicchio and won by unanimous decision to be the first fighter in",
"title": "Dhiego Lima"
},
{
"id": "19877324",
"text": "Brandon Moreno Brandon Moreno (born December 7, 1993) is a Mexican mixed martial artist. He currently competes as a flyweight in the UFC. Moreno made his professional MMA debut in his native Mexico in April 2011. Over the next two years, he amassed a record of 6 wins and 3 losses. In 2014, Moreno would debut for the World Fighting Federation promotion. He would go undefeated in the promotion at 5-0 and would eventually win the Flyweight championship, which led to him being cast in the Flyweight tournament on the 25th season of \"The Ultimate Fighter\". In July 2016, it",
"title": "Brandon Moreno"
},
{
"id": "10296423",
"text": "Doody, opposite Carly Rae Jepsen as his girlfriend Frenchy. He sings a rendition of \"Those Magic Changes\" that was widely praised as a highlight of the show. In September 2017, Fisher was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on the 25th season of \"Dancing with the Stars.\" His professional partner was Lindsay Arnold. On November 21, Fisher and Arnold reached the finals, and were declared the winners of the season. Fisher made his Broadway debut in \"Hamilton\" on November 22, 2016, assuming the role of John Laurens/Philip Hamilton from Anthony Ramos. Jordan Fisher Jordan William Fisher is",
"title": "Jordan Fisher"
},
{
"id": "20791392",
"text": "pitting winner and current UFC Middleweight Champion Robert Whittaker against current former middleweight The Ultimate Fighter 17 winner Kelvin Gastelum. A middleweight title fight is scheduled between Whittaker and Gastelum after TUF 28 on February 9 at UFC 234. The cast was announced on July 11, 2018. Team Whittaker: Team Gastelum: Episode 1: Biggest and Baddest (August 29, 2018) Episode 2: Throw Leather (September 5, 2018) Episode 3: War Tanks (September 12, 2018) Episode 4: A Win is a Win (September 19, 2018) Episode 5: Life is a Fight (September 26, 2018) Episode 6: Comfortable with the Uncomfortable (October 3,",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Heavy Hitters"
},
{
"id": "4892039",
"text": "replaced by Sergio \"Serginho\" Moraes, the man he had defeated via KO in the semi-final round. The eventual winners were Bezerra and Ferreira, with both winning via decision. A. For this season instead of coaches, prominent trainers and UFC fighters acted as advisors.<br> B. Tito Ortiz was replaced in the final episode by Rich Franklin.<br> C. This season is the first to feature a gym vs. gym format as each team is composed of fighters from the same gym and their head coaches are also the teams' head coaches.<br> D. There was no individual tournament for the season. After a",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "4892037",
"text": "and moved to a live format. The season was coached by UFC Bantamweight champion Dominick Cruz and Urijah Faber and featured the lightweight division. The entry fights consisted of just one round, as opposed to the usual two with the possibility of a sudden death victory. During the first week in the house, Michael Chiesa - one of the participants - was told that his father had died. Despite this, he was able to continue in the competition and ultimately won after defeating Al Iaquinta at the finale. The live season aired at the same time as TUF Brazil, which",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "16744725",
"text": "usual open tryouts for the show, the UFC and FX interviewed candidates directly, with many interviewees being former-tryout participants. On July 12, 2012, Roy Nelson and Shane Carwin were announced as the coaches for the season. Episode 1: Bring It! Episode 2: What We Do Episode 3: We Have Control Episode 4: Can't Fix Stupid Episode 5: Unleash the Beast Episode 6: One Mission Episode 7: Summer Camp Episode 8: Rock 'Em, Sock 'Em Episode 9 Episode 10 Episode 11 Episode 12 Fighters were awarded $25,000 bonuses. Fans chose the winners of the season bonuses. The Ultimate Fighter: Team Carwin",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Team Carwin vs. Team Nelson"
},
{
"id": "20314074",
"text": "as the first celebrity competing for the season partnered with Emma Slater. On September 6, the rest of the cast was revealed on \"Good Morning America\". Tom Bergeron and Erin Andrews returned as hosts, while Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, and Bruno Tonioli returned as judges. Julianne Hough did not return as a permanent judge this season, though she did return as a guest judge during the first night of the finals. On October 23, singer Shania Twain joined the panel as a guest judge. The dance troupe members for the season are former pros Sasha Farber and Jenna Johnson,",
"title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25)"
},
{
"id": "4892002",
"text": "The Ultimate Fighter The Ultimate Fighter is an American reality television series and mixed martial arts (MMA) competition produced by Fox Sports 1 and the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). It previously aired for fourteen seasons on Spike TV. The show features professional MMA fighters living together in Las Vegas, Nevada, and follows them as they train and compete against each other for a prized contract with the UFC. The series debuted on January 17, 2005, with its first episode, \"The Quest Begins\". To date, there have been twenty seven seasons of the show, two per calendar year. Each season features",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "20155766",
"text": "In his third fight he faced Vicente Luque and won via split decision. Hassan made his debut with the Ultimate Fighting Championship on July 12, 2015 against Kamaru Usman at \"\". He lost the bout via submission in the second round. Hassan next faced former opponent Vicente Luque at UFC on Fox 17 on December 19, 2015. He lost the fight via technical submission in the first round and was subsequently released from the promotion. In February 2017, it was revealed that Hassan would compete again on the UFC's reality show in the 25th season on \"\". Hassan was the",
"title": "Hayder Hassan"
},
{
"id": "19509213",
"text": "the season were former flyweight title challengers Joseph Benavidez and Henry Cejudo. Team Cejudo: Episode 1: The Tournament Begins (August 31, 2016) Episode 2: Language of Combat (September 7, 2016) Episode 3: Look Through Your Soul (September 14, 2016) Episode 4: Young and Hungry (September 21, 2016) Episode 5: Nothing Stops Us (September 28, 2016) Episode 6: Let It Loose (October 5, 2016) Episode 7: Animal Instincts (October 12, 2016) Episode 8: Round Two (November 2, 2016) Episode 9: What Are You Fighting For? (November 9, 2016) Episode 10: All On The Line (November 16, 2016) Episode 11: About To",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Tournament of Champions"
},
{
"id": "20314079",
"text": "They included Kelly Monaco, Rashad Jennings, Laurie Hernandez, Kristi Yamaguchi, Alfonso Ribeiro and Corbin Bleu. The couples performed an unlearned dance using music chosen by the pros, as well as a dance that reinterpreted an iconic routine from a previous season. \"Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Julianne Hough, Bruno Tonioli.\" On the first night, the couples performed a redemption dance and a freestyle. On the second night, the final three couples danced their favorite routine and a fusion dance of two",
"title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25)"
},
{
"id": "4892030",
"text": "Team Rough House), whilst the US team appeared fractured. The lightweight final saw Team Rough House teammates Andre Winner and Ross Pearson face off for the contract, with Pearson coming out on top via decision. The welterweight final saw James Wilks defeat DaMarques Johnson via submission in the opening round, handing the UK team a 2-0 victory. The tenth season was the first season to feature only heavyweights and was largely built around the internet sensation Kimbo Slice and former NFL players. The two coaches were former UFC Light Heavyweight champions Quinton Jackson and Rashad Evans who squabbled throughout the",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "4892043",
"text": "and lost a non-title fight. Season 20 was the first season of \"The Ultimate Fighter\" to crown a champion. All fighters of the season were competing to win the inaugural UFC Women's Strawweight Championship. Most of the competitors from the division came from TUF 20. The winner of Season 24 won a fight with Demetrious Johnson. Tim Elliott won the tournament and fought Johnson for the main event on the finale. All fighters of the season were competing to win the inaugural UFC Women's Flyweight Championship. Most of the competitors from the division came from TUF 26. Many of the",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "4892027",
"text": "veteran Mac Danzig defeat Tommy Speer to become \"The Ultimate Fighter\", before he dropped to the lightweight division. Arguably, only George Sotiropoulos has gone on to have any success post-TUF, having gone on a 7 fight win streak after The Ultimate Fighter, while season winner Danzig has hovered around the .500 mark since his season win. The seventh season saw another format change, as fighters had to compete to be official castmembers. Instead of the usual 16 fighters, the season had 32 fighters after Dana White claimed that he was tired of fighters coming onto the show for airtime. This",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "9377597",
"text": "lightweight champion B.J. Penn. The season was well-known among fans for the large number of fighters kicked off of the show. The two coaches, along with the finalists of the tournament, fought at \"The Ultimate Finale\", a televised MMA fight card that aired live at the completion of the series. The series premiered on April 5, 2007 on Spike TV in the United States and Canada at 10:00 p.m. ET/PT and concluded on June 23. Filming began in mid-January 2007. Episode 1: It's Like Anarchy Here (Original Air Date Apr 05, 2007) Episode 2: Not in this House (Original Air",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter 5"
},
{
"id": "1463929",
"text": "TV, with an offer to pay the $10 million production costs themselves, did they find an outlet. In January 2005, Spike TV launched \"The Ultimate Fighter 1\" in the timeslot following \"WWE Raw.\" The show became an instant success, culminating with a notable season finale brawl featuring light heavyweight finalists Forrest Griffin and Stephan Bonnar going toe-to-toe for the right to earn the six-figure contract. The live broadcast of the season finale drew a very impressive 1.9 overall rating. Dana White credits \"TUF 1\" for saving the UFC. On the heels of the Griffin/Bonnar finale, a second season of \"The",
"title": "Ultimate Fighting Championship"
},
{
"id": "16037888",
"text": "Other medical suspensions from the elimination round fights include Jeff Smith (Arachnoid cyst), James Krause (possible ankle injury), Cody Pfister (cut to right eye), Austin Lyons (due to knock out) and Erin Beach (due to technical knock out and cut on lower lip). Fighters were awarded $25,000 bonuses. Fans chose the winners of the season bonuses. The Ultimate Fighter: Live Finale (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 15 Finale) was a mixed martial arts event to be held by the Ultimate Fighting Championship. It took place on June 1, 2012 at the Palms Casino Resort in Las Vegas, Nevada. Featured",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Live"
},
{
"id": "20139414",
"text": "The Ultimate Fighter: A New World Champion The Ultimate Fighter 26 (also known as The Ultimate Fighter: A New World Champion) is an installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series \"The Ultimate Fighter\". Tryouts were announced on May 3, scheduled for 20 days later. This season will exclusively feature the women's flyweight division, with the goal of crowning the UFC's inaugural 125-pound champion in the season's finale. All women who were currently on the UFC roster were allowed to submit their names for the tournament, as were females unsigned by the UFC. The news came just months",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: A New World Champion"
},
{
"id": "4892007",
"text": "did not have the final say, but given his stature and \"Raw's\"' importance to Spike TV at the time, the network wanted McMahon to \"be on board\" with the program lineup. At the time, Hecht believes the WWE did not see the UFC as a challenge. The live finale for the first season saw the historic bout of Forrest Griffin vs. Stephan Bonnar. Now widely regarded as the most influential fight in MMA history, the bout took place in what was the first ever MMA event on live and free television. The bout ended in a unanimous decision victory for",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "17232228",
"text": "three times to get onto The Ultimate Fighter, an American reality television series and MMA competition produced by the FX Network and the UFC. He failed to make it onto the thirteenth and fifteenth season of the show and the Australian-based series after underperforming at 170 pounds (77 kg). However, he didn’t give up and his persistence paid off when in January 2013, Andrews was announced as a cast member of (also known as TUF 17). Dylan Andrews became the first Māori MMA fighter to compete in The Ultimate Fighter. He won his way into the house by defeating Tim",
"title": "Dylan Andrews"
},
{
"id": "18146242",
"text": "his Facebook page Gordon announced that he had been released by the UFC. Gordon made his return after over a year out of the cage on August 4, 2016 winning a split decision over Bellator veteran Chris Lozano at Cage Fury Fighting Championships 60 at the Borgata Hotel Casino and Spa in Atlantic City, New Jersey. In February 2017, it was revealed that Gordon would again compete on the UFC's reality show in the 25th season on \"\". Gordon was the third pick overall for Team Garbrandt. He faced Tom Gallicchio and lost via submission in the opening round. Eddie",
"title": "Eddie Gordon (fighter)"
},
{
"id": "4892034",
"text": "wildcard slots went to Marc Stevens and Aaron Wilkinson, with Wilkinson handing Stevens his second successive guillotine choke loss. The show was dominated by Josh Koscheck's attempts to annoy Georges St-Pierre, with St-Pierre's paramedic getting involved in the arguments with Koscheck. The finale was a match between Jonathan Brookins and Michael Johnson on December 4, 2010 which resulted in Brookins winning via unanimous decision. The thirteenth season was coached by former UFC Heavyweight champion Brock Lesnar and Junior dos Santos, who would later go on to win the same title. This season featured welterweights and removed the elimination bouts to",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "14410219",
"text": "show in the 25th season on \"\". Baczynski was the first pick overall for Team Garbrandt. He faced Gilbert Smith in the opening round and lost via unanimous decision. Baczynski is married and has five children. Aside from fighting, he has a job as a utilities worker. Baczynski's paternal great-grandfather was an immigrant from Poland. Seth Baczynski Seth Baczynski (born October 26, 1981) is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the Welterweight division. A professional competitor since 2006, he has formerly competed for the UFC, the Tucson Scorpions of the IFL, Tachi Palace Fights, and was a cast",
"title": "Seth Baczynski"
},
{
"id": "4892040",
"text": "round of 12 fights, divided in points (the first four fights were 25 points, the next 50 and the last were 100 points), American Top Team emerged victorious and won $200,000. Then, each team picked a representative to fight at the finale for $300,000 and the tournament trophy.<br> E. Sijara Eubanks was scheduled to be part of the finale, but was pulled on the day of the weigh ins due to medical reasons and was replaced by Roxanne Modafferi. These versions did not have a stand-alone The Ultimate Fighter final. F. Daniel Sarafian was scheduled to be part of the",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "20139417",
"text": "22, 2017) Episode 12: The Ultimate Goal (November 29, 2017) \"* Eubanks was pulled from the tournament finale on the day of the weigh ins due to medical reasons. She was replaced by Roxanne Modafferi. The Ultimate Fighter 26 Finale (also known as The Ultimate Fighter: A New World Champion Finale) was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Ultimate Fighting Championship that was held on December 1, 2017, at Park Theater in Paradise, Nevada, part of the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Sijara Eubanks was expected to face Nicco Montaño in the finals of the season to determine the",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: A New World Champion"
},
{
"id": "13967576",
"text": "25th season on \"\". Krause was the first pick overall for Team Dillashaw. He faced Johnny Nunez in the opening round and won via submission. He next faced Ramsey Nijem and won by unanimous decision. Krause faced Jesse Taylor in the semi-finals and lost via submission in the third round. After his stint on \"\", Krause returned to the UFC to face fellow cast member Tom Gallicchio on July 7, 2017 at . He won the fight by unanimous decision. Krause faced Alex White on January 14, 2018 at . He won the fight by unanimous decision. Krause faced Warlley",
"title": "James Krause (fighter)"
},
{
"id": "4892026",
"text": "the fact that Team Pulver won 5 out of the first eight fights, the 3 fighters who made it through the quarterfinals on Team Penn are still in the UFC which are Gray Maynard, Matt Wiman and Joe Lauzon while Cole Miller, Manvel Gamburyan, and Nate Diaz from Team Pulver are still in the UFC.The final was contested by Nate Diaz and Manvel Gamburyan, with Gamburyan falling to a shoulder injury early on. Former winner Matt Serra returned to the show in the sixth season to coach alongside Matt Hughes and oversaw a group of welterweight fighters. The final saw",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "11719072",
"text": "Kim was forced off the card after suffering knee injury again. Brian Foster stepped in as his replacement. Kim next faced \"The Ultimate Fighter\" season 7 winner, Amir Sadollah on May 29, 2010, at UFC 114 and won via unanimous decision (30-27, 30-27, 30-27), dominating Sadollah with far superior Judo and Wrestling. Kim was then expected to face fellow undefeated fighter John Hathaway at UFC 120, though he was later replaced by Mike Pyle due to elbow ligament injury from training. Kim defeated The Ultimate Fighter season 5 winner, Nate Diaz on January 1, 2011, at UFC 125 via unanimous",
"title": "Dong Hyun Kim"
},
{
"id": "4892044",
"text": "TUF winners have gone on to fight each other. The Ultimate Fighter The Ultimate Fighter is an American reality television series and mixed martial arts (MMA) competition produced by Fox Sports 1 and the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). It previously aired for fourteen seasons on Spike TV. The show features professional MMA fighters living together in Las Vegas, Nevada, and follows them as they train and compete against each other for a prized contract with the UFC. The series debuted on January 17, 2005, with its first episode, \"The Quest Begins\". To date, there have been twenty seven seasons of",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "4280168",
"text": "Ford resumed her music career with a performance at The Viper Room in LA. In the performance, she revealed her first solo song since 2003, \"Back Back Back.\" In 2014, she was featured in the song \"Rock Tonight\" by Willa Ford, Eve Nelson and Ray Cervenka. In 2002, Ford appeared in an episode of the short-lived television sitcom \"Raising Dad,\" playing a bully named Edie. In 2005, Ford hosted the first season of the reality show \"The Ultimate Fighter\" on Spike TV. After the show's finale, Ford was contracted as a summer's guest doll performer for the Las Vegas shows",
"title": "Willa Ford"
},
{
"id": "16037890",
"text": "Commission. It does not include sponsor money and also does not include the UFC's traditional \"fight night\" bonuses. ^\"Although not reflected in the NSAC paperwork, both Pérez and Albert received win bonuses\" The Ultimate Fighter: Live The Ultimate Fighter: Live (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 15) was the fifteenth installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series \"The Ultimate Fighter\". This season marked the show's debut on the FX network, the debut of Jon Anik as the show's host, and featured Lightweight fighters. As part of the deal with FX, the show was revamped. Prior seasons of",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Live"
},
{
"id": "19378996",
"text": "was for light heavyweight, women's bantamweight and women's strawweight fighters who were at least 21 years old and had a minimum of two wins in three professional fights. Subsequently, it was announced that eight light heavyweight and eight women's strawweight competitors would compete on the show. The cast was revealed on April 6, 2016. Team Cláudia: Episode 1: Ladies and Gents (April 20, 2016) Episode 2: Friends and Foes (April 27, 2016) Episode 3: Who I Am (May 4, 2016) Episode 4: Wake Up, Guys! (May 11, 2016) Episode 5: Battle of the Brits (May 18, 2016) Episode 6: The",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Team Joanna vs. Team Cláudia"
},
{
"id": "15478526",
"text": "media outlets scored the decision in favor of Nijem. On October 2, 2015, it was announced that Nijem was cut from the UFC roster. On August 29, 2016 it was announced that Nijem had signed a multi-fight deal with World Series of Fighting. In February 2017, it was revealed that Nijem would compete again on the UFC's reality show in the 25th season on \"\". Nijem was the third pick overall for Team Dillashaw. He defeated Julian Lane in the opening round by TKO in the first round. On March 23, 2018 it was revealed that Nijem has signed a",
"title": "Ramsey Nijem"
},
{
"id": "4892012",
"text": "such as \"The Ultimate Fighter 1 Finale\" where the title of Ultimate Fighter is awarded to the winner. Seasons five to seven and ten to twelve have featured fighters from just one weight class each, with the other seasons focusing on two weight classes. The show features the daily preparations each fighter makes to train for competition at the UFC training center, and the interactions they have with each other living under the same roof. Day-to-day events on the show are overseen by UFC president Dana White. With the exception of the season finales, fights on \"The Ultimate Fighter\" are",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "9434773",
"text": "in Timbaland's music video \"Throw It On Me\" featuring The Hives, which premiered on \"Raw\" on May 20. In August 2007, Adams, along with Extreme Exposé, appeared on FHMOnline.com. In June 2011, Adams was featured in a music video for Dorrough titled \"Bounce Dat\". On November 10, 2012, Adams, along with several other TNA workers, was featured in an episode of MTV's \"Made\". In 2014, Adams and fellow TNA wrestler Robert Strauss, better known as Robbie E, participated in the 25th season of \"The Amazing Race\". They survived until the middle part of the final leg of the race, where",
"title": "Brooke Tessmacher"
},
{
"id": "16024644",
"text": "music video \"The Arena\" to her main channel. Upon its release, \"Brave Enough\" debuted at number one on the US Dance/Electronic Albums chart and number 5 on the Billboard 200, where it peaked. In August 2016, Stirling performed in the opening ceremony of The International 2016, a \"Dota 2\" tournament which had the biggest prize pool in eSports history. In September 2017, Stirling was announced as one of the celebrities to compete on season 25 of \"Dancing with the Stars\". She was paired with professional dancer Mark Ballas. Stirling and Ballas finished in second place. She returned for a guest",
"title": "Lindsey Stirling"
},
{
"id": "4892032",
"text": "Ortiz and Chuck Liddell coach the two teams. Unlike previous seasons, the number of competitors in the house was reduced to 14, with 7 progressing to the quarter-finals. An eighth was added via a \"wildcard\" bout - a bout between two losers from the round of 14. The slots went to Kyacey Uscola and Kris McCray, which saw McCray win via submission. McCray would then go on to avenge his earlier defeat, in the semi-finals, defeating Josh Bryant. The season was blighted by injuries to multiple competitors, such as the withdrawal of Nick Ring, after he required knee surgery. After",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "10850806",
"text": "place. For season 22, he was paired with UFC mixed martial artist Paige VanZant. Ballas and VanZant made it to the finals of the show and finished in second place. Ballas was not part of the season 23 & 24 cast. Ballas returned as a professional dancer for season 25, and was paired with violinist Lindsey Stirling. Ballas and Stirling made it to the finals and finished in second place. In his time on Dancing With the Stars, Ballas has set, and broken, numerous records in the course of his (so far) 18 seasons. Some of these records include, but",
"title": "Mark Ballas"
},
{
"id": "20377195",
"text": "be a cast member of \"\". He was ranked #15 and selected by Team Benavidez. In the first round, Shelton defeated Yoni Sherbatov via technical submission (rear-naked choke) in the second round. In the quarterfinals, he defeated Ronaldo Candido by unanimous decision. In the semifinals, Shelton lost to eventual winner Tim Elliott via unanimous decision after two rounds. After \"The Ultimate Fighter\", Shelton was signed to a UFC contract. In his debut he faced Alexandre Pantoja on January 28, 2017, at UFC on Fox 23. He lost the fight via split decision. In his second fight for the promotion, Shelton",
"title": "Eric Shelton (fighter)"
},
{
"id": "19378999",
"text": "winner Ross Pearson at the event. However, on June 13, he was pulled from the fight for undisclosed reasons. He was replaced by former Bellator Lightweight Champion and promotional newcomer Will Brooks The following fighters were awarded $50,000 bonuses: The following is the reported payout to the fighters as reported to the Nevada State Athletic Commission. It does not include sponsor money and also does not include the UFC's traditional \"fight night\" bonuses. The Ultimate Fighter: Team Joanna vs. Team Cláudia The Ultimate Fighter: Team Joanna vs. Team Cláudia (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 23) was an installment of",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Team Joanna vs. Team Cláudia"
},
{
"id": "4892035",
"text": "get into the house, with 14 fighters immediately gaining entry into the house. The first day of training saw Myles Jury pull out of the competition with a knee injury. The wildcard made another appearance, with Javier Torres and Chuck O'Neil getting the slots, leading to a submission victory for O'Neil. The final of this season saw Tony Ferguson defeat Ramsey Nijem via KO in the first round. The fourteenth season featured bantamweights and featherweights for the first time, with Michael Bisping coaching for the second time, with Jason Miller opposing him. The cast was considered to be one of",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "4892013",
"text": "sanctioned by the Nevada Athletic Commission as exhibition matches and do not count for or against a fighter's professional record. This is done to keep the results from going public before the air date. However, going into the semi-final stage of each series, fights are scheduled for the full professional three rounds, as opposed to two rounds (with the possibility of a sudden victory round) for all stages prior. Though officially exhibition fights, the UFC chooses to record the results of semi-final matchups. For example, the seventh season winner Amir Sadollah has one more win on his UFC record than",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "15838384",
"text": "the fight via unanimous decision. Edwards was expected to face Yancy Medeiros on August 30, 2014 at UFC 177. However, Edwards pulled out of the event in the days leading up to the event citing an injury. Medeiros ended up fighting promotional newcomer Damon Jackson. Edwards faced Joe Proctor on June 6, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 68. He lost the back-and-forth fight via submission with just seconds remaining in the final round. Subsequently, he was released from the promotion. In February 2017, it was revealed that Edwards would again compete on the UFC's reality show in the 25th season",
"title": "Justin Edwards (fighter)"
},
{
"id": "16037885",
"text": "The Ultimate Fighter: Live The Ultimate Fighter: Live (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 15) was the fifteenth installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series \"The Ultimate Fighter\". This season marked the show's debut on the FX network, the debut of Jon Anik as the show's host, and featured Lightweight fighters. As part of the deal with FX, the show was revamped. Prior seasons of the show were filmed in six weeks, edited and aired several months after filming was completed. This season the show was being filmed over thirteen weeks and was being edited \"the week",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Live"
},
{
"id": "8047905",
"text": "Brazilian jiu-jitsu evenings, waiting and busing tables late at night/early afternoons, and going to class in the morning. Since college, Gurgel has been training and teaching full-time. Gurgel starred in the second season of \"The Ultimate Fighter\" television series and was eliminated from the show in the fifth episode due to a loss to Jason Von Flue via unanimous decision, but showed tremendous heart by fighting with a blown ACL. Gurgel's match with Diego Saraiva at \"UFC 73\" was designated as the \"Fight of the Night\" by the UFC. In the contest, Gurgel defeated Saraiva by unanimous decision, even though",
"title": "Jorge Gurgel"
},
{
"id": "19163866",
"text": "Country Songs and at number 51 on the Hot 100. \"Blue Ain't Your Color\" was released on July 30, 2016 as the album's fourth single by Urban via Snapchat. The song reached number one on both the Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts. Also, it reached number 24 on Hot 100. \"The Fighter\", a duet with fellow country musician Carrie Underwood, was released as the album's fifth single on February 6, 2017. Urban wrote the song with his producer busbee while the two were in London. Its was inspired by conversations that Urban had with his wife Nicole Kidman",
"title": "Ripcord (album)"
},
{
"id": "14410275",
"text": "Ultimate Warrior Challenge. McCray was selected as a contestant for the eleventh season of the \"Ultimate Fighter\". Before he could move into the house, McCray had to win his entry fight against Cleburn Walker, where he won via a verbal submission after injuring Walker's shoulder. He was selected third and fifth overall by Team Punishment, led by Tito Ortiz. For his second fight he was chosen to fight Josh Bryant. The fight was back and forth and after three rounds, Bryant was awarded the decision. McCray was then selected as one of the season's wildcards. He then faced Kyacey Uscola",
"title": "Kris McCray"
},
{
"id": "4892033",
"text": "Rich Attonito pulled out of the competition, his quarter final place was taken by Court McGee. Court McGee and Kris McCray met in the final, where McGee would win via submission to become \"The Ultimate Fighter\". The twelfth season saw the UFC Welterweight champion Georges St-Pierre coach alongside former opponent and number one contender to the title, Josh Koscheck. The season saw the continuation of the wildcard format and 14-man tournament bracket. The show's number one pick was Marc Stevens, who would go on to lose in one of the quickest submissions (via guillotine choke) in the show's history. The",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "12930401",
"text": "started in sports during his high school years, competing in football and other athletics. Winner never thought of being a mixed martial artist but loved sports. He went to self-defense classes at Leicester Shootfighters and met Dan Hardy and Paul Daley. Hardy inspired Winner to give the sport a real try. Winner tried out for the eighth season of the \"Ultimate Fighter\". He did not make the cut but tried out for the ninth season and made the show. To get into \"The Ultimate Fighter\" house, Winner fought Gary Kelly. Winner won by knockout while working Kelly in the clinch.",
"title": "Andre Winner"
},
{
"id": "18977010",
"text": "have a minimum of two wins in three professional fights. It was announced on July 12 by Dana White that 16 lightweights would be on the show – eight from the United States, and eight from Europe. In August 2015, the UFC officially announced the cast of this season, featuring 32 fighters competing in qualifying fights to enter the show. Assistant coaches: Assistant Coaches: Episode 1: Europe vs. United States (September 9, 2015) Episode 2: Crowded House (September 16, 2015) Episode 3: Recognize the Enemy (September 23, 2015) Episode 4: A Faithless Foe (September 30, 2015) Episode 5: Just Do",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Team McGregor vs. Team Faber"
},
{
"id": "18146239",
"text": "Eddie Gordon (fighter) Eddie Gordon (born July 22, 1983) is a Jamaican mixed martial artist who competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He is the middleweight winner of \"\". Gordon attended Fordham University and graduated with a degree in finance and in marketing and communications. He worked as a finance director and then a sales consultant before pursuing MMA. He started training for MMA after running into his old high school friend Chris Weidman, who is the former UFC Middleweight champion. Gordon was revealed as one of the cast members of the nineteenth season of \"The Ultimate Fighter\" on March",
"title": "Eddie Gordon (fighter)"
},
{
"id": "10409701",
"text": "3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:",
"title": "2007 Orlando Predators season"
},
{
"id": "15073384",
"text": "is also in the movie . He also was the striking trainer for The reality show, \"Ultimate Fighter.\" Danny Perez Ramírez Danny Perez (born January 4, 1977 in Ventura County, California) is a professional Mexican-American boxer in the Light Middleweight division. He's the former NABF Welterweight, USBA, and WBO NABO Light Middleweight . He holds wins over contender Julio César García, the 2006 winner of ESPN's \"The Contender\" Grady Brewer, and former IBA Middleweight Champion Jose Luis Zertuche. In October 2004, Danny would go on to T.K.O. American title contender Sam Garr in just the second round, to win the",
"title": "Danny Perez Ramírez"
},
{
"id": "8055955",
"text": "In the semifinals, he defeated Jesse Forbes by guillotine choke in the second round. He was defeated by Michael Bisping in the finals due to strikes. Haynes was born in Grants Pass, Oregon. He has a bachelor's degree in Computer Information Systems from Southern Oregon University in Ashland, Oregon. Josh Haynes Joshua Lee Haynes (born July 30, 1977) is an American mixed martial artist. He fights out of Las Vegas, Nevada, with Xtreme Couture where he is also a coach. His MMA record is 17 wins, 11 losses. He was also a contestant on the third season of \"The Ultimate",
"title": "Josh Haynes"
},
{
"id": "8244060",
"text": "fight that Spike TV offered them a second season of the show. In reality the second season had already been confirmed (and was in the casting stages) prior to the fight. In 2013 both Griffin and Bonnar were inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame, and whilst Griffin went on to win the UFC Light Heavyweight title, this fight is still considered the highlight of both fighters' careers. UFC 52: Couture vs. Liddell 2 was held on April 16, 2005 in Paradise, Nevada. pay outs ken shamrock 75,000 The Ultimate Fighter 1 The debut season of The Ultimate Fighter (later",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter 1"
},
{
"id": "20523565",
"text": "The Ultimate Fighter: Undefeated The Ultimate Fighter: Undefeated (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 27) is an installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series \"The Ultimate Fighter\". Tryouts were announced on November 16, scheduled for 26 days later. This season will feature undefeated featherweights and lightweights. The coaches for this season were announced on January 26, pitting current UFC Heavyweight Champion Stipe Miocic against current UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Daniel Cormier. The cast was officially announced on the same day. Team Miocic: Episode 1: Good Day for a Fight (April 18, 2018) Episode 2: Fight or Flight",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Undefeated"
},
{
"id": "19509212",
"text": "The Ultimate Fighter: Tournament of Champions The Ultimate Fighter: Tournament of Champions (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 24 and Team Benavidez vs. Team Cejudo) is an installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series \"The Ultimate Fighter\". On May 11, 2016 the UFC announced that the 16 competitors for the season would be made up of flyweight fighters from various locations who are champions in their respective organizations around the world, with the winner being expected to have a chance to fight for the UFC Flyweight Championship. The cast was announced on July 20. The coaches for",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Tournament of Champions"
},
{
"id": "11098074",
"text": "Aarón Sanchez Aarón Sánchez (born February 12, 1976) is an American award-winning celebrity chef, restaurateur, television personality, cookbook author and philanthropist. He is the executive chef and part-owner of the Mexican restaurant Johnny Sánchez with a location in New Orleans. He co-starred on Food Network’s hit series \"Chopped\" and \"Chopped Jr.\" and hosted of Cooking Channel's Emmy-nominated \"Taco Trip\". He has appeared on \"Iron Chef America\", and is one of the few chefs whose battles have ended in a draw, tying with Masaharu Morimoto in \"Battle Black Bass\" in Season 2. He was also a contestant on \"The Next Iron",
"title": "Aarón Sanchez"
},
{
"id": "20314078",
"text": "based on when the couple's respective movie was released. \"Individual judges' scores in the chart below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Shania Twain, Bruno Tonioli.\" The couples performed one unlearned dance, capturing the spirit of a specific movie genre. The couples performed one unlearned dance and a team dance to Halloween themes and songs. The couples performed an unlearned dance and a trio dance. Unlike in prior seasons, where the trios involved eliminated pros or troupe members, the trios were instead composed of past celebrity winners or finalists.",
"title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 25)"
},
{
"id": "13825460",
"text": "after Jayson Werth, a professional baseball player for the Washington Nationals, and close friend of Mitrione, invited Mitrione to fight in his inaugural promotion. Mitrione then relocated with his family to Indianapolis, Indiana, where he began training with fighters Chris Lytle and Jake O'Brien. Mitrione appeared on the tenth season of \"The Ultimate Fighter\". On the show, he was given the unofficial nickname \"Meathead\" by his coach Rashad Evans. After being picked second to last by Evans, Mitrione fought and defeated Scott Junk via majority decision (19–19, 20–18, and 20–18), moving him on to the quarter finals. Following Mitrione's fight",
"title": "Matt Mitrione"
},
{
"id": "10173697",
"text": "after being dropped by a head kick and finished with punches. Maynard and his longtime girlfriend are currently engaged. Gray Maynard co-starred in the movie, \"Art of Submission\" with Ving Rhames and Ernie Reyes, Jr. Maynard appeared on the \"Schumacher Family\" episode of \"Supernanny\" teaching the family's seven-year-old son about MMA at Randy Couture's gym. Maynard also was an Assistant Coach alongside Forrest Griffin and Tyson Griffin with head coach Rich Franklin on the last episode of the 11th season of \"The Ultimate Fighter\". Gray Maynard Bradley Gray Maynard (born May 9, 1979) is an American mixed martial artist currently",
"title": "Gray Maynard"
},
{
"id": "16744727",
"text": "UFC 155. Fighters were awarded $40,000 bonuses. The following is the reported payout to the fighters as reported to the Nevada State Athletic Commission. It does not include sponsor money and also does not include the UFC's traditional \"fight night\" bonuses. The Ultimate Fighter: Team Carwin vs. Team Nelson The Ultimate Fighter: Team Carwin vs. Team Nelson is the sixteenth main installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series \"The Ultimate Fighter\". This season reverted to the taped format, after 's 12-week live format. The previous season saw the show be revamped. Prior seasons of the show were",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Team Carwin vs. Team Nelson"
},
{
"id": "1463988",
"text": "figures includes Quinton \"Rampage\" Jackson, Matt Hughes, Tito Ortiz, and Randy Couture. Series two (released on November 10, 2008) includes Wanderlei Silva, Sean Sherk, Rich Franklin, and Anderson Silva. In July 2009, Round 5 acquired the UFC license through Jakks Pacific and subsequently released 5 more series under the UFC and Pride brands. 2 packs were released in August 2010 and includes a UFC Octagon cage and Pride ring display stand. Limited edition versions include fabric walk out tees or paint variations and are limited in number with foil and holographic packaging variances. Special edition and exclusive versions have been",
"title": "Ultimate Fighting Championship"
},
{
"id": "7837169",
"text": "Witnesses\", airing on November 13, 2018. Nate Quarry Nathan Parker \"Nate\" Quarry (born March 19, 1972) is a retired American mixed martial arts fighter who is most notable for his appearance in \"The Ultimate Fighter\", a reality show from the Ultimate Fighting Championship, as well as co-hosting the show MMA Uncensored Live. Quarry grew up as a member of the Jehovah's Witnesses, which he later characterized as a cult that controls its members 24 hours a day. Quarry grew up in a sheltered lifestyle and did not even participate in organized sports until age 24, when he first became exposed",
"title": "Nate Quarry"
},
{
"id": "20791391",
"text": "The Ultimate Fighter: Heavy Hitters The Ultimate Fighter: Heavy Hitters (also known as The Ultimate Fighter 28) is an installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series \"The Ultimate Fighter\". The season tournament finale will take place on November 30, 2018 at Pearl Theatre at Palms Casino Resort on Fox Sports 1. Tryouts were announced on April 25, 2018. This season will feature women's featherweights and men’s heavyweights divisions, would make the first appearance to be featured in The Ultimate Fighter show since its first launch in 2005. The coaches for this season were announced on July 7,",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Heavy Hitters"
},
{
"id": "17916542",
"text": "The Amazing Race 25 The Amazing Race 25 is the twenty-fifth installment of the reality television show \"The Amazing Race\". It featured eleven teams of two in a race around the world for a grand prize. The season premiered on September 26, 2014 on CBS for the 2014–15 television season, moving to Friday at 8:00 pm, with the season finale on December 19, 2014. Food scientists Amy DeJong and Maya Warren were the winners of this season of \"The Amazing Race\". Filming began in the early morning of May 31, 2014 at Times Square in New York City. In contrast",
"title": "The Amazing Race 25"
},
{
"id": "20841187",
"text": "Legs from Here to Homeworld \"Legs from Here to Homeworld\" is the 25th episode of the fifth season of the American animated television series \"Steven Universe\", and the 153rd episode of the series overall. It was directed by Kat Morris and Liz Artinian and written and storyboarded by Amber Cragg, Hilary Florido, and Tom Herpich, from a story by Morris, Matt Burnett, Ben Levin, Joe Johnston, and series creator and executive producer Rebecca Sugar. It premiered at the \"Steven Universe\" panel at San Diego Comic-Con on July 21, 2018, before being released on the Cartoon Network app and website the",
"title": "Legs from Here to Homeworld"
},
{
"id": "16967905",
"text": "On 11 November 2016, Irshaad fought Demarte Pena at EFC 55 for the Undisputed EFC Bantamweight Championship in a heated rivalry in Cape Town. He lost via unanimous decision. On 15 February 2017, Demarte Pena failed a doping test from SAIDS (South African Institute For Drug Free Sport). SAIDS overturned the result to a no contest and Sayed was reinstated the Inaugural EFC Bantamweight Champion. Sayed coached the first season of EFC's new reality television show, The Fighter, which is EFC's own version of UFC's The Ultimate Fighter and is opposing rival Demarte Pena. Irshaad Sayed Irshaad \"The White Tiger\"",
"title": "Irshaad Sayed"
},
{
"id": "16454020",
"text": "21, 2016 Elliott was announced as a cast member on the of The Ultimate Fighter. The winner of the show, won a chance to fight Demetrious Johnson for the UFC Flyweight Championship. Despite being ranked as the number 3 seed, Elliott was selected as the first overall pick by former opponent Joseph Benavidez. In his first fight, Elliott faced 14th ranked 'Team Cejudo' fighter Charlie Alaniz. He submitted Aniz in the first round by bulldog choke. In the quarterfinals, Elliott faced 6th ranked 'Team Cejudo' fighter and former Caged contestant Matt Schnell. Despite being struck with a devastating groin kick",
"title": "Tim Elliott"
},
{
"id": "7350806",
"text": "fight was credited by Dana White as the \"most important fight in UFC history\". The fight was also voted the greatest fight in UFC history in 2009. The first season of The Ultimate Fighter reality television show featured sixteen mixed martial artists divided into two weight classes: middleweight and light heavyweight. Coaches Randy Couture and Chuck Liddell were selected to mentor the contestants. The contestants were distributed evenly between two teams, and a series of exhibition matches were held until only two fighters from each weight class remained. The finalists appeared on national television in the show finale and competed",
"title": "Forrest Griffin vs. Stephan Bonnar"
},
{
"id": "5884480",
"text": "of \"Joe Millionaire\" fame, and Will Kirby, winner of \"Big Brother\" season 2. Chip and Kim McAllister, winners of \"The Amazing Race 5\", also participated. Veteran NBC sportscaster Mike Adamle hosted the show and featured reality reporters Trishelle Cannatella (\"\"), Omarosa Manigault-Stallworth (\"The Apprentice\" – season 1), and Bob Guiney (\"The Bachelor\" – season 4). Austin Scarlett of \"Project Runway\" made fashion commentary in several episodes. The competitors, as divided by team (per first episode structure): Hosted by Kathy Griffin, \"Bravo's All-Star Reality Reunion\", which aired the same night as the finale (September 21, 2005) featured all cast members save",
"title": "Battle of the Network Reality Stars"
},
{
"id": "19614944",
"text": "top twenty hit and Underwood's second entry on the ARIA Charts and also became her highest-charting song on that chart. The song was released as the fifth official single from \"Ripcord\" on 6 February 2017. It debuted at number 44 on the US Country Airplay chart and reached number 2, becoming Urban's 38th consecutive top ten hit which is the longest running streak in that chart's history. It became Underwood's 26th consecutive top ten hit, which is the second longest active streak of country airplay top tens. It re-entered the Hot Country Songs chart at number five, selling 45,000 copies",
"title": "The Fighter (Keith Urban song)"
},
{
"id": "17916545",
"text": "race. However, Phil eliminated one team in the middle of the final leg, leaving only three teams to be racing to the finish line for the $1 million grand prize. This season was the very first one in which all eleven teams finished legs in last place at one time or another. The cast included married professional surfers Bethany Hamilton—a shark attack survivor whose story was told in her memoirs and the film \"Soul Surfer\"—and Adam Dirks, former \"\" contestants and engaged couple Whitney Duncan and Keith Tollefson, and TNA Wrestling stars Brooke Adams and Robbie Strauss. Melody Chen from",
"title": "The Amazing Race 25"
},
{
"id": "12423296",
"text": "TNA workers, was featured in an episode of MTV's \"Made\". In 2014, Strauss and former TNA Knockout Brooke Adams participated in the 25th season of \"The Amazing Race\". They survived until the middle part of the final leg of the race, where they were the eighth team to be eliminated and placed fourth. Robbie E Robert Strauss (born October 1, 1983) is an American professional wrestler, he is best known for his time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling under the ring name Robbie E, where he is a former two-time TNA World Tag Team Champion with Jessie Godderz, while also",
"title": "Robbie E"
},
{
"id": "20404777",
"text": "the track and how \"Fifth Harmony sing the killer vocal hooks and chorus on the track.\" Perri Konecky from PopSugar said that the track is a \"banger\", while calling it a \"sexy song\" and a \"spanglish love letter\", and that \"it's a perfect jam for as to put on and dance to all weekend.\" Pitbull and Fifth Harmony performed the song on the finale of the 25th season of \"Dancing With The Stars\", and at the 2017 Latin American Music Awards, at the beginning of Pitbull's medley performance before accepting the Dick Clark Award for Excellence. On February 22nd, 2018,",
"title": "Por Favor (song)"
},
{
"id": "20285770",
"text": "Gina Begley at . She won the fight via TKO in the first round. In her second fight for the promotion, Eubanks faced AmberLynn Orr on July 29, 2016 at . She won the fight via TKO in the first round. In her third fight for the promotion, Eubanks faced Aspen Ladd on January 14, 2017 at . She lost the fight via unanimous decision, bringing her record to 2-2 before joining \"The Ultimate Fighter\". In August 2017, it was announced that Eubanks would be one of the fighters featured on \"The Ultimate Fighter 26\", where the process to crown",
"title": "Sijara Eubanks"
},
{
"id": "14030231",
"text": "\"fight night\" bonuses. \"Leroy Lyons\": $16,000 ($8,000 win bonus) def. Brent Cooper ($8,000) The Ultimate Fighter: Team Liddell vs. Team Ortiz The Ultimate Fighter: Team Liddell vs. Team Ortiz (also known as The Ultimate Fighter: Team Liddell vs. Team Franklin for the final episode of the season) was the eleventh installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series \"The Ultimate Fighter\". The show began taping in early 2010 and premiered on Spike on March 31, 2010. The live finale of the show was June 19, 2010. The UFC and Spike TV held open tryouts on October 26, 2009,",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: Team Liddell vs. Team Ortiz"
},
{
"id": "16974309",
"text": "Denise Stapley Denise Marie Stapley (née McCormick; born January 1, 1971) is an American sex therapist known as the winner of \"\", the 25th season of the reality TV competition series \"Survivor\". Stapley is a licensed mental health therapist and the only American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors and Therapists certified sex therapist in the state of Iowa. Stapley competed on the 25th season of the reality TV series \"Survivor\", \"Survivor: Philippines\". Originally placed on the ill-fated \"Matsing\" tribe, she and Malcolm Freberg were the only two castaways remaining when the tribe lost the first four consecutive immunity challenges, voting",
"title": "Denise Stapley"
},
{
"id": "4892042",
"text": "2016, 5 men and 1 woman have won UFC titles, though only 2 of them have successfully defended their titles. However, some fighters have also had success in the sister promotions World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC) or Strikeforce. The following fighters have competed for a UFC, Strikeforce or WEC championship: As part of season four, Travis Lutter and Matt Serra received automatic and immediate title shots, though non-winners can also compete for titles. Lutter was scheduled to compete for the UFC Middleweight Championship at UFC 67: All Or Nothing, but weighed in over the limit. He still competed against the champion",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter"
},
{
"id": "16771744",
"text": "\"The Ashes.\" The UFC held open tryouts during June 2012. The casting call was for Lightweight and Welterweight fighters who are at least 21 years old and have a minimum of two wins in three professional fights. On 12 July 2012, Dana White announced that the coaches for the season would be Ross Pearson and George Sotiropoulos to represent the UK and Australia respectively. Episode 1: National Pride Episode 2: Freak or Unique Episode 3: Wasabi Episode 4: Pick Me! Episode 5: Fight for Your Family Episode 6: True Warrior Episode 7: Unwise Words Episode 8: Phone Home Episode 9:",
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: The Smashes"
},
{
"id": "19614947",
"text": "was uploaded to Urban's YouTube account. Urban and Underwood performed the song live at the 59th Grammy Awards on February 12, 2017. The duo later performed the song at the 52nd Academy of Country Music Awards on April 2, 2017. On June 7, 2017, the singers once more paired up and performed the song at the 2017 CMT Music Awards. From \"Ripcord\" liner notes. The Fighter (Keith Urban song) \"The Fighter\" is a song co-written and recorded by New Zealand-born Australian country singer Keith Urban featuring Carrie Underwood as a duet. It was released on 6 February 2017 as the",
"title": "The Fighter (Keith Urban song)"
},
{
"id": "6051144",
"text": "Forrest Griffin Forrest Griffin (born July 1, 1979) is an American retired mixed martial artist and a UFC Hall of Famer. Since 2005, he has been signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship where he is a former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion. Griffin, a former Georgia police officer, first rose to prominence after winning the first season of \"The Ultimate Fighter\". In the tournament finals, he fought and defeated Stephan Bonnar in Forrest Griffin vs. Stephan Bonnar, which is widely credited as sparking the current success of the UFC. He went on to serve as a coach on \"The Ultimate Fighter",
"title": "Forrest Griffin"
}
] | who wins season 25 of the ultimate fighter |
|
| [
{
"id": "16017941",
"text": "has earned on a 1 year contract, Jordan also holds the record for the second largest 1 year contract at $30,140,000 in the 1996-97 season. Kobe Bryant become just the second player to reach this milestone when the 2013–14 season began. LeBron James became the third in the 2016–17 season. Stephen Curry became the first player to eclipse $40-Million per year when he signed a record 5-year contract worth $201-Million in 2017, starting with $34,682,550 in the 2017-18 season and ending with the largest earnings in the 2021-22 season with a record payout of $45,780,966. Beginning in the 1984–85 NBA",
"title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season"
},
{
"id": "1811627",
"text": "As a result of James's endorsement money and NBA salary, he has been listed as one of the world's highest-paid athletes. In 2013, he surpassed Kobe Bryant as the highest paid basketball player in the world, with earnings of $56.5 million. In 2014, James realized a profit of more than $30 million as part of Apple's acquisition of Beats Electronics; he had originally struck a deal to get a small stake in the company at its inception in exchange for promoting its headphones. In 2015, he was ranked the sixth highest earning sportsperson, and third highest in 2016 (after Cristiano",
"title": "LeBron James"
},
{
"id": "6569336",
"text": "future seasons based on league revenues. For the 2015–16 season, the salary cap was $70 million and the luxury tax limit was $84.74 million. For the 2016–17 season, the salary cap was set at $94.14 million and the luxury tax limit was $113.29 million. For the 2017–18 season, the cap is set at $99 million for the salary cap and $119 million for the luxury tax.The NBA's salary caps are considered \"soft\" salary caps. There are two kinds of salary caps: soft and hard. Soft salary caps allow teams to go above the salary cap however will subject the teams",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "7715469",
"text": "City\". In 2017, he was traded to the Houston Rockets, and helped the team win a franchise-record 65 games in his debut season. Off the court, Paul has served as the National Basketball Players Association president since August 2013. One of the highest-paid athletes in the world, he holds endorsement deals with companies such as Nike and State Farm. Paul was born on May 6, 1985, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina to Charles Edward Paul and Robin Jones. He has an older brother named Charles \"C.J.\" Paul. A former athlete himself, Charles Sr. taught his sons basketball and football and coached",
"title": "Chris Paul"
},
{
"id": "19576142",
"text": "every time he gets fined, he matches that amount and donates it to a charity of his choice. As one of the world's highest-paid group of athletes, an NBA player's average salary is $4,001,760, and some contracts are worth over $10 million. The average fine in the 2015-2016 season, for the 246 players who been fined total an amount of $5,463,829, with an average of $22,210 The impact to NBA players is approximately $150 to a person who makes $30,000 annually. The NBA says that it allocates fine money to charity, although it is the only professional sports organization that",
"title": "NBA fines"
},
{
"id": "18191438",
"text": "contract for LeBron James, which made him the highest paid player in the NBA for the first time in his career. They also finalized a four-year, $57 million deal for Klutch Sports Group client J.R. Smith just before the start of the 2016-17 season. Termini is often quoted in the media on issues related to sports economics and sports law. He has written on these topics as well. A former basketball standout in high school and college, Termini scored 1,161 career points when he played for Case Western Reserve University from 1974 through 1978. He averaged 21.7 points per game",
"title": "Mark Termini"
},
{
"id": "16017940",
"text": "Highest-paid NBA players by season The highest-paid NBA players by season over the past twelve seasons have received contracts with salaries noted in the twenty-million-dollar range. In this twelve-year span, Kevin Garnett received $28,000,000, which was the highest salary payment of any NBA player, during the 2003–04 season. Garnett has been the highest-paid NBA player per year in seven of the past twelve NBA seasons. Michael Jordan was the first NBA player to sign a contract worth over thirty million dollars in a season. During the 1997–98 season, Jordan earned $33,140,000, which still stands as the most any NBA player",
"title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season"
},
{
"id": "6569382",
"text": "signed the contract once the NBA's free agency moratorium ended on July 6, 2017. Shortly thereafter, James Harden agreed on a DVPE with the Rockets. At the time of signing, his current contract had two years remaining with total pay of $59 million; the extension will add another $170 million over four seasons, ending in 2022–23. The next supermax signing was that of John Wall, who agreed later in July to a four-year, $170 million extension that will start in 2019–20. In late September, Russell Westbrook became the fourth and final supermax signing of the 2017 offseason, signing a five-year,",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "6569377",
"text": "Player Extension\" (DVPE), came to be called the \"Kevin Durant Rule\" because it was seen as a reaction to a wave of veteran superstars leaving their teams in free agency, capped off by Durant's departure from the Thunder to the Golden State Warriors in the 2016 offseason. The contract is also commonly called \"The Supermax\". The 2011 CBA allowed all of the teams that were trying to lure Durant to offer him the same initial salary of $26.5 million. For a veteran player to qualify for such an extension, he must be entering his eighth or ninth season in the",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "2292809",
"text": "violation only if the league average also breached a separate threshold. The NBA implemented a maximum salary for individual players. This was done following a dramatic increase in player salaries, in spite of the salary cap, in the mid-1990s. Under the CBA, a player's maximum possible salary increased along with his time of service in the league. For a player of five years' experience, the maximum salary threshold began at 25% of the salary cap, with annual increases of up to 10.5% possible beyond that for players re-signed by their original team, or 8% annual increases for free agents that",
"title": "Salary cap"
},
{
"id": "9936757",
"text": "and without Conley and Marc Gasol, they were swept by the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the playoffs. On April 23, Conley was awarded the NBA Sportsmanship Award for the second time. On July 14, 2016, Conley re-signed with the Grizzlies. His reported five-year, $153 million deal was the greatest contract by total value in NBA history at that point in time. On November 16, 2016, he scored 30 points and hit a career high-tying seven three-pointers in a 111–107 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. On November 29, he was ruled out for six to eight",
"title": "Mike Conley Jr."
},
{
"id": "18725911",
"text": "later traded to the Memphis Grizzlies on draft night. On July 12, 2016, Davis signed a fully guaranteed three-year, $4-million contract with the Memphis Grizzlies. The deal marked the richest guaranteed salary for an American-born second-round pick in NBA history. On December 15, 2016, he was ruled out for six to eight weeks with a torn plantar fascia in his left foot. During his rookie and sophomore seasons, Davis received multiple assignments to the Iowa Energy and the Memphis Hustle, the Grizzlies' G League affiliates. On July 17, 2018, Davis was traded, along with Ben McLemore, a 2021 second-round pick",
"title": "Deyonta Davis"
},
{
"id": "6569365",
"text": "for a salary up to his previous salary. The maximum amount of money a player can sign for is based on the number of years that player has played and the total of the salary cap. The maximum salary of a player with 6 or fewer years of experience is either $25,500,000 or 25% of the total salary cap (projected for 2017–18), whichever is greater. For a player with 7–9 years of experience, the maximum is $30,600,000 or 30% of the cap, and for a player with 10+ years of experience, the maximum is $35,700,000 or 35% of the cap.",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "6569351",
"text": "of the bi-annual exception was the Los Angeles Lakers' signing of Karl Malone to a contract before the 2003–04 season. The exception was eliminated for teams above the tax apron following the 2011 NBA lockout as many high spending teams were using this as a tool to gain top paid players. A team cannot use this exception in consecutive years; a team that used it in 2016–17 (under the 2011 CBA) could not use it in 2017–18 (under the 2017 CBA). It also cannot be used by a team that has already used an MLE in the same season. Additionally,",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "18795032",
"text": "since the 2009–10 season, the Suns don't have to pay Josh Childress as the amnesty clause for the NBA expires. However, they still owe Michael Beasley $777,778 due to the buyout the Suns did on September 3, 2013. Beasley's contract still affects the Suns' salary for both this season and the next. Furthermore, the Suns also buy out Kris Humphries' contract on February 28, 2016, which removes his payments of around $3,440,000 from Phoenix's books in the current season, as well as payout the rest of Sonny Weems' $2,814,000 that he didn't get earlier on (which totals out to $660,000)",
"title": "2015–16 Phoenix Suns season"
},
{
"id": "804367",
"text": "and 28th pick in the draft, as well as the rights to Serbian guard Bogdan Bogdanović. Later in the evening, the Kings traded Marco Belinelli to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for the 22nd pick in the draft. The Kings selected four players in the 2016 NBA draft – Greek center Georgios Papagiannis with the 13th pick, Syracuse shooting guard Malachi Richardson with the 22nd pick, Kentucky forward Skal Labissiere with the 28th pick, and Oklahoma guard Isaiah Cousins with the 59th pick. In free agency, the Kings signed Anthony Tolliver, Garrett Temple, Arron Afflalo, Matt Barnes, and Ty Lawson.",
"title": "Sacramento Kings"
},
{
"id": "3796128",
"text": "a six-year, $123.7 million contract, which, at the time, made him the NBA's highest-paid player. The signing occurred during one of the most star-studded free agency summers in league history, highlighted by LeBron James's \"Decision\" TV special. Among others who signed high-profile deals were Chris Bosh, Dwyane Wade, Amar'e Stoudemire, Paul Pierce, Ray Allen and Dirk Nowitzki. On July 11, 2012, Johnson was traded to the Brooklyn Nets in exchange for Jordan Farmar, Anthony Morrow, Jordan Williams, Johan Petro, DeShawn Stevenson and a 2013 first round draft pick. After a slow start to the 2012–13 season, Johnson began to pick",
"title": "Joe Johnson (basketball)"
},
{
"id": "8725316",
"text": "with Nike, Sprint, Gatorade, Panini, General Electric, and 2K Sports. In 2012, he tried his hand at acting, appearing in the children's film \"Thunderstruck\". In 2013, he earned $35 million, making him the fourth-highest-earning basketball player that year. In an interview with \"Sports Illustrated\", Durant claimed that, despite his high earnings potential, \"global marketing and all that stuff\" does not interest him. One of the most popular players in the league, Durant's jersey regularly ranks as one of the NBA's best-selling and he is consistently one of the top All-Star vote-getters. Early in his career, he developed a reputation for",
"title": "Kevin Durant"
},
{
"id": "274481",
"text": "also starred as himself in the 1996 film \"Space Jam\". In 2006, he became part-owner and head of basketball operations for the Charlotte Bobcats; he bought a controlling interest in 2010. In 2014, Jordan became the first billionaire player in NBA history. He is the third-richest African-American, behind Robert F. Smith and Oprah Winfrey. Jordan was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Deloris (née Peoples), who worked in banking, and James R. Jordan Sr., an equipment supervisor. His family moved to Wilmington, North Carolina, when he was a toddler. Jordan is the fourth of five children. He has two older",
"title": "Michael Jordan"
},
{
"id": "8064598",
"text": "seem more attainable for younger fans of the NBA. Curry's jersey was the top seller in the NBA for the 2015–16 and 2016–17 NBA seasons. ESPN has ranked Curry among the most famous international athletes, while \"Forbes\" has ranked him among the world's highest-paid celebrities for his endorsements. Monte Poole of NBC Sports found Curry to be \"the most human of superstars,\" with a childlike aura to him when he plays with success. His fanbase ranges from very young children to the elderly, and casual or committed fans enjoy his style of play. Poole stated that \"the joy factor exponentially",
"title": "Stephen Curry"
},
{
"id": "6569339",
"text": "2011. The next CBA, which took effect in 2011, set the cap at 51.2 percent of BRI in 2011–12, with a 49-to-51 band in subsequent years. To ensure the players get their share of the BRI, teams are required to spend 90 percent of the salary cap each year, the salary floor for the 2016–17 season will be 84.73 million. In December 2016, the league and the players' union reached a tentative agreement on a new CBA, with both sides ratifying it by the end of that month. The new agreement will run through the 2023–24 season, with either side",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "6569366",
"text": "There is an exception to this rule: a player is able to sign a contract for 105% of his previous contract, even if the new contract is higher than the league limit. The 2017 CBA made a subtle change to the determination of maximum salaries. Under the 2011 CBA, the salary cap was based on players receiving 44.74% of the league's basketball-related income (BRI), while the calculation of maximum salaries used a lower figure of 42.14% of BRI. This difference was eliminated in the 2017 CBA, with the same 44.74% of BRI used for both cap and maximum salary calculations.",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "19867789",
"text": "the highest paid undrafted player in the history of the NBA. In March 2016, ESPN writer Ethan Sherwood Strauss published a story about how Under Armour successfully signed away Stephen Curry from Nike in the 2013 offseason, and revealed that Bazemore played a significant role in the signing. Austin Walton Austin Walton is an attorney and American sports agent who represents players in the National Basketball Association. He is the CEO and founder of Walton Sports Management Group, who represents Kent Bazemore of the Atlanta Hawks. Walton was born in Newport News, Virginia. He attended the University of South Florida",
"title": "Austin Walton"
},
{
"id": "9651921",
"text": "list, and teams can add or remove players to a 45-position negotiation list without their permission and at any time, regardless of age. Since 2018, ten of the 45 players must be publicly announced. The average annual salary for players in the four major leagues is about US $2.9 million in 2008, although player salaries can range from $300,000 for backup players to $20 million for superstars. NBA players have the highest average player salaries of the four leagues; however, their teams also have the smallest rosters. The NFL has the highest average team payroll. However, NFL rosters are far",
"title": "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada"
},
{
"id": "6569381",
"text": "allowing them to sign DVPE contracts should they otherwise qualify. The most recent player to qualify for a supermax contract is Anthony Davis, who has played his entire NBA career to date with the New Orleans Pelicans. He qualified by being named to the All-NBA first team in , enabling the Pelicans to offer him a five-year extension worth up to $230 million, effective with the 2019–20 season. The first player to sign a supermax contract was Stephen Curry, who agreed to a new five-year DVPE deal with the Warriors, worth $201 million, that runs through the 2021–22 season. Curry",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "6569391",
"text": "exception or their Mid-Level exception to re-sign the player. If the raise in the third season is greater than 4.5% of the first year, the offering team must be able to fit the average of the entire contract under their cap. Through the 2016–17 season, the accounting was different for the player's original team, where the player's salary for a given year—not the contract's average—was counted against the cap. In some cases, the offering team could exploit a loophole to create what is referred to as a \"poison pill\" for the player's original team, potentially forcing the original team to",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "16017942",
"text": "season, the NBA's first salary cap was introduced. The NBA salary cap is the maximum dollar amount each NBA team can spend on its players for the season. However, the NBA uses a \"soft\" salary cap, which means that significant \"salary exceptions\" allow NBA teams to exceed their allotted amount in order to sign players. The salary cap is determined during the offseason, but as stated earlier, it is liable to change. An exception is necessary to sign a player for a contract that would exceed the salary cap threshold of the \"soft cap\". The Larry Bird exception, more commonly",
"title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season"
},
{
"id": "15121399",
"text": "Curry is speculated to receive even more money than Durant from his contract with Under Armour. Meanwhile, Puma pays sprinter Usain Bolt $10 million per year. Many athletes maintain contracts with a variety of companies; some of them are related to sports and others that are not. Roger Federer holds agreements with Nike, Wilson, Rolex, Mercedes-Benz, and Gillette, worth a sum close to $60 million each year. LeBron James’ contracts with Nike, Beats by Dre, Coca-Cola, Kia, McDonald’s, and Samsung accrue the NBA player more than $40 million per year. Peyton Manning meanwhile holds sponsorship agreements with companies including Buick,",
"title": "Sports marketing"
},
{
"id": "13115360",
"text": "injury, the Rockets could not guard Lamarcus Aldridge, who scored 34 points and grabbed 12 rebounds. On June 28, 2017, 8 time All-NBA player and 9 time All-Star Chris Paul was acquired in a trade from the Los Angeles Clippers, in exchange for Sam Dekker, Patrick Beverley, Lou Williams, DeAndre Liggins, Darrun Hilliard, Kyle Wiltjer, Montrezl Harrell, cash considerations, and a top three protected 2018 first round draft pick. It was reported on 5 September, 2017 that Houston restaurant billionaire Tilman Fertitta had reached an agreement with Rockets owner Leslie Alexander to purchase the team, pending league approval The $2.2",
"title": "History of the Houston Rockets"
},
{
"id": "1811625",
"text": "allotted him the option of seeking a new contract worth more money as an unrestricted free agent following the 2010 season. This move ultimately allowed James, Dwyane Wade, and Chris Bosh to sign with the Heat together. During his second stint in Cleveland, he began opting out and re-signing on new contracts after each season in order to take advantage of higher salaries resulting from the NBA's rising salary cap. In 2016, he signed with the Cavaliers on a three-year deal, becoming the highest-paid player in the league for the first time in his career. James has signed numerous endorsement",
"title": "LeBron James"
},
{
"id": "6569380",
"text": "up to $209 million over five years, a financial commitment that the Kings were apparently unwilling to make. Following the announcement of the 2016–17 All-NBA team, four players were eligible to sign DVPE contracts during the 2017 offseason. All four were named to one of the three All-NBA teams for that season; two were already eligible under the new criteria. Harden and Westbrook would not have qualified under the standard DVPE criteria because both signed extensions to their contracts in the 2016 offseason, Harden for two years and Westbrook for one. The players' union and owners negotiated a special dispensation",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "8064597",
"text": "know that I've been thinking about them.\" Also in 2015, after winning the MVP award following his impressive season, Curry donated his prize vehicle—a 2016 Kia Sorento—to the East Oakland Youth Development Center, a local non-profit organization located in the backyard of Oracle Arena. Curry is currently one of the most successful players in the NBA, and he has also become an international celebrity, on par with four-time MVP LeBron James. His flashy play and penchant for coming up big in the clutch have made him a fan favorite, and his smaller physique is said to have made his success",
"title": "Stephen Curry"
},
{
"id": "6569369",
"text": "the salary cap will be applied to all dollar amounts in the previous season's scale. Amounts that are expressed as a percentage of salary, such as the allowable salary change from the third to the fourth season of the rookie contract, remain the same from season to season. Since the 2011 CBA, each NBA team has been able to nominate a player on his rookie contract to receive a \"Designated Player\" contract extension. A Designated Player is eligible for a 5-year contract extension, instead of being held to the standard 4-year restriction. From 2011 through the 2016–17 season, a team",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "11747097",
"text": "couple's first child, a boy named Noah Russell Westbrook, was born on May 16, 2017. The couple welcomed twin daughters on November 17, 2018. Russell Westbrook Russell Westbrook III (born November 12, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is a seven-time NBA All-Star, and a two-time NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player, winning consecutive awards in 2015 and 2016. He is also a seven-time All-NBA Team member and led the league in scoring in 2014–15 and 2016–17. In 2017, Westbrook became one of two players in NBA",
"title": "Russell Westbrook"
},
{
"id": "9793465",
"text": "Hollyfield. UCLA became the first school to have a top winner in both basketball and football in the same year with Gary Beban winning the Heisman Trophy and Lew Alcindor (now Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) winning the U.S. Basketball Writers Association player of the year award in 1968. UCLA has produced the most NBA Most Valuable Player Award winners, six of them by Abdul-Jabbar, one to Walton, who was Abdul-Jabbar's successor, and one to Russell Westbrook. , 98 former UCLA players have played in the NBA. At the 2015 NBA All-Star Game and the 2016 NBA All-Star Game, former Bruins Russell Westbrook",
"title": "UCLA Bruins men's basketball"
},
{
"id": "6569383",
"text": "$205 million extension that started in 2018–19. The cap also includes a provision to close a potential loophole that would provide incentives for teams to skirt the cap by signing an older player to a long-term deal that would not end until after the team expects the player to retire. Cap analyst Larry Coon outlined how this potential loophole would work:For example, suppose the Non-Taxpayer Mid-Level exception is $9 million. With 5% raises, a three-year contract would total $28.35 million. But if they added a fourth year to the contract, the salary would total $38.7 million. If the player retires",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "2292806",
"text": "set at $94.14 million, with the salary floor at 84.73 million and the luxury tax limit at $113.29 million. The current CBA took effect with the 2017–18 season. The NBA uses a \"soft\" cap, meaning that teams were allowed to exceed the cap in order to retain the rights to a player who was already on the team. This provision was known as the \"Larry Bird\" exception, named after the former Boston Celtics great who was retained by that team until his retirement under the provisions of this rule. The purpose of this rule was to address fan unease over",
"title": "Salary cap"
},
{
"id": "6569349",
"text": "the MLE was equal to the average NBA salary for all teams over the cap; teams with cap room were then ineligible for the MLE. The Mid-Level Exception for the 2008–09 NBA season was $5.585 million. The MLE was $5.854 million for the 2009–10 NBA regular season. Under the 2017 CBA, the apron was initially set at $6 million above the tax line for the 2017–18 season. In a new feature, the apron will change from season to season, with the percentage change (up or down) set at half of the rate of change of the cap for that season.",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "6569368",
"text": "The contract would be for at least three seasons, with a maximum value up to the team's available cap room. In 2017, the scale for lottery picks was as follows: Second-round picks are not subject to a scale, and technically can be paid anywhere from the minimum to the maximum contract amount. In practice, they rarely receive more than the minimum. Prior to the 2017 CBA, the rookie scales for each season were negotiated into the agreement. For the current agreement, only the rookie scales for the 2017–18 season were determined in advance. In subsequent seasons, the percentage change in",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "18531042",
"text": "attend the draft were Devin Booker, Willie Cauley-Stein, Sam Dekker, Jerian Grant, Rondae Hollis-Jefferson, Stanley Johnson, Frank Kaminsky, Kevon Looney, Trey Lyles, Emmanuel Mudiay, Jahlil Okafor, Kelly Oubre Jr., Cameron Payne, Bobby Portis, Kristaps Porziņģis, D'Angelo Russell, Karl-Anthony Towns, Myles Turner, and Justise Winslow. International prospect Mario Hezonja did not attend because he was still involved with his then-team FC Barcelona at the time. Three other players, R.J. Hunter, Tyus Jones, and Delon Wright all had invitations as well, but they declined their invitations for undisclosed reasons. Prior to the day of the draft, the following trades were made and",
"title": "2015 NBA draft"
},
{
"id": "7715501",
"text": "Forest had a preseason exhibition with USC-Upstate. C.J. now works as Chris's personal manager. Paul is close friends with footballer Reggie Bush; the two lived in the One River Place complex in the New Orleans Central Business District while Bush was playing for the Saints. They also shared a personal chef. Paul is represented by NBA agent Leon Rose of Creative Artists Agency, who also represents Carmelo Anthony and Dwyane Wade, among others. In 2014, \"Forbes\" ranked Paul as one of the highest-paid athletes in the world with $24.2 million in earnings including $5.5 million in endorsements. Some of the",
"title": "Chris Paul"
},
{
"id": "274557",
"text": "that \"marketing-wise, he's great. He's the one who came up with the concept of 'Air Jordan.'\" In June 2010, Jordan was ranked by \"Forbes\" magazine as the 20th-most powerful celebrity in the world with $55 million earned between June 2009 and June 2010. According to the Forbes article, Jordan Brand generates $1 billion in sales for Nike. In June 2014, Jordan was named the first NBA player to become a billionaire, after he increased his stake in the Charlotte Hornets from 80% to 89.5%. On January 20, 2015, Jordan was honored with the \"Charlotte Business Journal\"'s Business Person of the",
"title": "Michael Jordan"
},
{
"id": "11667096",
"text": "assists in a 110–107 overtime loss; the loss saw the Rockets go down 3–2 in the series. The Rockets were eliminated by the Spurs with a 114–75 loss in Game 6. Harden capped his stellar season by tying a season low with 10 points on 2-of-11 shooting before fouling out with 3:15 left. On July 8, 2017, Harden signed a four-year contract extension with the Rockets for approximately $160 million, giving him a total six-year deal with $228 million guaranteed—the richest contract in NBA history. The deal will keep Harden the face of the Rockets through the 2022–23 season. On",
"title": "James Harden"
},
{
"id": "6569340",
"text": "able to opt out after the 2022–23 season. NBA Salary Cap in USD NBA Salary Cap in 2016 USD (Inflation rate through May 2016) Unlike the NFL and NHL, the NBA features a so-called soft cap, meaning that there are several significant exceptions that allow teams to exceed the salary cap to sign players. This is done to allow teams to keep their own players, which, in theory, fosters fan support in each individual city. By contrast, the NFL and NHL salary caps are considered hard, meaning that they offer relatively few (if any) circumstances under which teams can exceed",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "19524493",
"text": "League is the official summer league of the National Basketball Association. It is the premier summer league of the three, with a total of 23 teams, plus a Select Team from the NBA Development League, participating. A total of 67 games were played from July 8 to 18, 2016, at the Thomas & Mack Center and Cox Pavilion, both located in Paradise, Nevada (near Las Vegas). The Chicago Bulls won the championship by defeating the Minnesota Timberwolves in the final, 84–82, on a buzzer-beater by Denzel Valentine in overtime. Tyus Jones was named the league's Most Valuable Player, with Jerian",
"title": "2016 NBA Summer League"
},
{
"id": "5343181",
"text": "award. Since its inception, the award has been given to 31 different players. No player has ever won the award twice. The most recent recipient is Victor Oladipo. Boris Diaw and Kevin Love are the only award winners to win an NBA Championship. Rony Seikaly, Gheorghe Mureșan, Boris Diaw, Hedo Türkoğlu, Goran Dragić, and Giannis Antetokounmpo are the only award winners not born in the United States; all but Seikaly were also trained completely outside the U.S. (Seikaly played college basketball at Syracuse). Only Alvin Robertson, Dana Barros, Tracy McGrady, Jermaine O'Neal, Danny Granger, Kevin Love, Paul George, Jimmy Butler,",
"title": "NBA Most Improved Player Award"
},
{
"id": "6569392",
"text": "pay the luxury tax by the third season, as the Houston Rockets did in order to sign Jeremy Lin and Ömer Aşık away from the New York Knicks and Chicago Bulls, respectively. This could discourage them from matching the offer sheet. The 2017 CBA changed the accounting rules for the player's original team in this scenario. If the original team matches, and has enough cap space to absorb the average annual salary of the offer, it can choose to take cap hits of either the actual contract payouts or the average of the contract in each season. Before the 2005",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "1833207",
"text": "the playoffs. Bryant resumed practicing in November 2013, after the 2013-2014 season had already begun. On November 25, he signed a two-year contract extension with the Lakers at an estimated value of $48.5 million. He remained the league's highest-paid player, although he accepted a discounted deal; he had been eligible to receive an extension starting at $32 million per year. Bryant's contract became a polarizing topic, with detractors arguing that stars should take less money to allow their team more financial freedom, while supporters countered that the NBA's biggest stars were being paid less than their true value. Bryant resumed",
"title": "Kobe Bryant"
},
{
"id": "6569347",
"text": "million. Because the NBA's salary cap is a soft one, the CBA allows for several important scenarios in which a team can sign players even if their payroll exceeds the cap. The exceptions are as follows: Once a year, teams can use a mid-level exception (MLE) to sign a player to a contract for a specified maximum amount. The amount of the MLE and its duration depend on the team's cap status. In the 2017 CBA, the MLE was initially set at $8.406 million in the 2017–18 season for teams that are over the cap either before or after the",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "223618",
"text": "named him the second best player in NBA history (behind Michael Jordan). Abdul-Jabbar has also been an actor, a basketball coach, and a best-selling author. In 2012, he was selected by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to be a U.S. global cultural ambassador. In 2016, President Barack Obama awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor Jr. was born in New York City, the only child of Cora Lillian, a department store price checker, and Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor Sr., a transit police officer and jazz musician. He was unusually large and tall from a young age. At birth",
"title": "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar"
},
{
"id": "6569390",
"text": "maximum first-year salary in an offer sheet is the mid-level exception. The second-year salary can be raised a maximum of 4.5%. The third year salary is limited to the maximum a team has available in their salary cap. The salary in the fourth season may increase (or decrease) by up to 4.1% of the salary in the third season. The offer sheet can only increase in the third season if it provides the highest salary allowed in the first two seasons, the contract is fully guaranteed, and it contains no bonuses. A player's original team can use the Early Bird",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "6569348",
"text": "signing, but under the luxury tax apron, set at $6 million above the tax line. Teams can use this exception to offer contracts of up to four years. Teams above the apron have an MLE initially set at $5.192 million, allowing contracts of up to three years. Teams with cap room, which were ineligible for the MLE before the 2011 CBA, have an MLE initially set at $4.328 million that allows two-year contracts. In subsequent seasons, all MLE amounts will be determined by applying the percentage change of the salary cap to the previous exception amount. Before the 2011 CBA,",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "6569386",
"text": "before the 2011 CBA, which limited the maximum contract length to 5 years. While the threshold age was changed in the 2017 CBA, the mechanics of the rule remained the same. Notably, several members of the union's executive committee at the time the 2017 CBA was negotiated were older players who were seen as potential major beneficiaries of a change to an over-38 rule. For example, the change to an over-38 rule gave union president Chris Paul, scheduled to become a free agent after the 2016–17 season, a potential gain of nearly $50 million over the life of his next",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "6569335",
"text": "NBA salary cap The NBA salary cap is the limit to the total amount of money that National Basketball Association teams are allowed to pay their players. Like many professional sports leagues, the NBA has a salary cap to control costs and benefit parity, defined by the league's collective bargaining agreement (CBA). This limit is subject to a complex system of rules and exceptions and as such is considered a \"soft\" cap and is calculated as a percentage of the league's revenue from the previous season. Under the CBA ratified in December 2011, the cap will continue to vary in",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "13528671",
"text": "win over the Los Angeles Clippers. In June 2016, Barnes was named in the United States national team for the 2016 Summer Olympics. He helped Team USA win the gold medal in Rio, and in eight games, he averaged 4.3 points and 2.1 rebounds per game. Barnes is a Christian. He is also a teetotaler; he had his first sip of alcohol after winning the 2015 NBA Finals. On July 29, 2017, at Rosecliff in Newport, Rhode Island, he married Brittany Johnson. Harrison Barnes Harrison Bryce Jordan Barnes (born May 30, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the",
"title": "Harrison Barnes"
},
{
"id": "6569376",
"text": "five seasons with the Oklahoma City Thunder (2011–2016), he received a Designated Player level salary. His contract was initially drawn up before the lockout—during which the Derrick Rose Rule was implemented—but was officially approved under the provisions of the 2005 CBA by the NBA after the lockout. This led some people to question whether the Thunder had (with NBA approval) effectively signed two players as their Designated Player, as both were contracted for 5 years. The provision in the 2017 CBA that allows teams to create Designated Player contracts for their own veteran players, officially known as the \"Designated Veteran",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "18191437",
"text": "million). Termini represented his long-time friend Flip Saunders, who coached 17 seasons in the NBA and won 654 career games. Saunders died in 2015 at age 60 of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Termini and Paul collaborated on an endorsement contract that their client Ben Simmons signed with Nike on June 6, 2016. Simmons' five-year, guaranteed $20 million contract with Nike includes performance bonuses that could increase the value above $40 million. On June 23, 2016, Simmons became the first overall selection in the 2016 NBA Draft by the Philadelphia 76ers. During the 2016 offseason, Termini and Paul negotiated a three-year, $100 million",
"title": "Mark Termini"
},
{
"id": "802412",
"text": "new coach, the Magic made many changes to their roster during the offseason. On June 23, 2016, in the 2016 NBA draft the Magic selected Domantas Sabonis 11th overall, but then traded Sabonis and shooting guard Victor Oladipo for defensive power forward Serge Ibaka of the Oklahoma City Thunder. During free agency the Magic re-signed Evan Fournier to a five-year, $85 million contract and also signed Bismack Biyombo, Jeff Green, and D. J. Augustin. On July 15, C. J. Wilcox was acquired, along with cash considerations, from the Clippers in exchange for Devyn Marble and a future second round draft",
"title": "Orlando Magic"
},
{
"id": "6569350",
"text": "The bi-annual exception can currently be used by teams below the apron to sign a free agent to a contract starting at $3.29 million. Like the mid-level exception, the bi-annual exception can also be split among more than one player, and can be used to sign players for up to two years; raises were originally limited to 8% per year, but in the 2017 CBA are limited to 5%. This exception was referred to as the \"$1 million exception\" in the 1999 CBA, although it was valued at $1 million for only the first year of the agreement. An example",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "7208914",
"text": "position days before Bryan Colangelo was hired. Colangelo drafted Ben Simmons, a former LSU point forward, as the first overall pick of the 2016 NBA draft; the team also selected Timothé Luwawu-Cabarrot and Furkan Korkmaz with first-round picks. Due to a fractured foot, Simmons missed the entirety of the 2016–17 season. Colangelo also signed Jerryd Bayless, Gerald Henderson, and Sergio Rodriguez during the 2016 off-season. At the 2017 trade deadline, Colangelo traded center Nerlens Noel to the Dallas Mavericks for Andrew Bogut, Justin Anderson, and two second round picks. In June 2017, Colangelo traded the third pick in the 2017",
"title": "Bryan Colangelo"
},
{
"id": "223670",
"text": "was awarded the Double Helix Medal for his work in raising awareness for cancer research. Also in 2011, Abdul-Jabbar received an honorary degree from New York Institute of Technology. In late 2016, Abdul-Jabbar was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by outgoing U.S. President Barack Obama. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor Jr.; April 16, 1947) is an American retired professional basketball player who played 20 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Milwaukee Bucks and the Los Angeles Lakers. During his career as a center, Abdul-Jabbar was a record six-time NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP),",
"title": "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar"
},
{
"id": "15218310",
"text": "sport\" was released by a representative of the NBA Players' Association in 2008 A \"Fortune\" magazine article states, however, that a working paper from the National Bureau of Economic Research found that the percentage of NFL players who go bankrupt after two years is a much smaller 1.9%, climbing to 15.7% after 12 years. the average salary for the about 500 players in Major League Baseball was slightly more than $2,000 a season ($ today). The star hitter Ty Cobb received $9,000 a season ($ today), and sold automobiles in the off season. While Cobb encouraged young men to play",
"title": "Personal finances of professional American athletes"
},
{
"id": "19517182",
"text": "the fastest team in NBA history to clinch a playoff berth this season, achieving the feat on February 25, 2017. The 2016 NBA Draft was held on June 23, 2016, at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn. The Warriors chose center Damian Jones out of Vanderbilt with the 30th pick of the first round. They also acquired the draft rights of swingman Patrick McCaw, the 38th pick of the second round. Warriors forwards Harrison Barnes and Draymond Green and guard Klay Thompson were selected to participate on the 2016 USA Basketball National Team that competed in the 2016 Olympic Games. The",
"title": "2016–17 Golden State Warriors season"
},
{
"id": "6569401",
"text": "the payroll of the receiving team cannot exceed the so-called \"apron\" (as of 2017–18 set at $6 million above the tax line) as a result of the trade, and a team that has used the taxpayers' MLE cannot receive a player in a sign-and-trade in that season. Additionally, the apron becomes a hard salary cap for the first season after the signing. Teams above the apron before the trade cannot receive a player unless the trade leaves the team below the apron. The tight salary-matching rules of the 2005 CBA often required what NBA cap analyst Larry Coon called \"trade",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "6569367",
"text": "First-round draft choices are assigned salaries according to their draft position. The first overall pick receives more than the second pick, the second more than the third, and so on. Each contract is for two years, with a team option for the third and fourth seasons (CBAs before 2011 provided for three-year contracts with an option for the fourth season), with built-in raises every year to compensate for increases in the average salary. A team may elect to exceed rookie scale for a drafted player that was unsigned for which they retained his draft rights three seasons after the draft.",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "6569355",
"text": "bonus is paid if the player is waived by his NBA team, signs with the G League, is assigned to that NBA team's G League affiliate, and remains with the affiliate at least 60 days. The bonus is not counted against the salary cap, but is counted in overall league salaries. Each NBA team is limited to six active contracts that contain Exhibit 10 at any given time. Perhaps the most well-known of the NBA's salary cap exceptions is the Larry Bird exception, so named because the Boston Celtics were the first team permitted to exceed the salary cap to",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "16017943",
"text": "known as Bird Rights, allows teams to re-sign a current player only if he has played for that particular team for a minimum of three years. Another exception known as the mid-level exception allows for teams that are over the salary cap to sign one or more players as long as they do not exceed the total amount of the average NBA salary. Next, the bi-annual exception can be used by teams every other year to sign a free agent(s) for up to two years at an amount set by the NBA. Finally, the rookie player exception allows any NBA",
"title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season"
},
{
"id": "6569400",
"text": "do not automatically disappear with a player's retirement—for example, in July 2012, the Los Angeles Lakers still held Bird rights to John Salley, who had not played since . In the , two teams used sign-and-trades on players who had been out of the league. The Dallas Mavericks signed Keith Van Horn out of retirement as part of a package to acquire Jason Kidd, and the Lakers did the same with Aaron McKie to facilitate their deal for Pau Gasol. The 2011 CBA put further restrictions on sign-and-trades, with these restrictions maintained in the 2017 CBA. Since the 2013–14 season,",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "17103967",
"text": "prior team record of 163. Stephen Curry added 26 points for the West, and teammates Anthony Davis scored 24 on 12-of-13 shooting and Kevin Durant tallied 23. The East's Paul George scored 41, which tied Westbrook's total from 2015 and was one short of Wilt Chamberlain's record. LeBron James totaled 13 points for a career record of 291 to pass Bryant, who retired with 290. Westbrook became the first player in All-Star history to win consecutive MVPs outright. Bob Pettit is the other player to have won back-to-back awards, winning in 1958 and sharing it with Elgin Baylor in 1959.",
"title": "2016 NBA All-Star Game"
},
{
"id": "3622930",
"text": "the second half of 2008 to the first half of 2009. Tied with him on the sixth spot was NBA player LeBron James and golfer Phil Mickelson. Pacquiao was again included in \"Forbes\"' list of highest paid athletes from the second half of 2009 to the first half of 2010; he was ranked eighth with an income of $42 million. Pacquiao also won the 2009 ESPY Awards for the Best Fighter category, beating fellow boxer Shane Mosley and Brazilian mixed martial arts fighters Lyoto Machida and Anderson Silva. ESPN Magazine reported that Pacquiao was one of the two top earning",
"title": "Manny Pacquiao"
},
{
"id": "17103965",
"text": "Anthony Davis of the New Orleans Pelicans, DeMarcus Cousins of the Sacramento Kings, and LaMarcus Aldridge, who made the All-Star Game as a member of the San Antonio Spurs for the first time. The East Reserves included John Wall of the Washington Wizards, DeMar DeRozan of the Toronto Raptors, Jimmy Butler of the Chicago Bulls, Isaiah Thomas of the Boston Celtics, Chris Bosh of the Miami Heat, Paul Millsap of the Atlanta Hawks, and Andre Drummond of the Detroit Pistons. Jimmy Butler and Chris Bosh ultimately had to sit out the All-Star Game due to a knee and calf injury,",
"title": "2016 NBA All-Star Game"
},
{
"id": "18652197",
"text": "Buddy Hield Chavano Rainier \"Buddy\" Hield (born December 17, 1993) is a Bahamian professional basketball player for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was named the Big 12 Conference Men's Basketball Player of the Year in 2015 and 2016, and in 2016, he received four major national player of the year awards—the John R. Wooden Award, the Naismith Award, \"Sporting News\" Player of the Year, and the Oscar Robertson Trophy. Hield was selected with the sixth overall pick in the 2016 NBA draft by the New Orleans Pelicans. Hield grew up in Eight Mile Rock, a",
"title": "Buddy Hield"
},
{
"id": "9747600",
"text": "24th by the Cleveland Cavaliers who traded him to his hometown Minnesota Timberwolves. Pelinka negotiated Harden a $200 million contract with Adidas that Nike opted not to match in August. In January 2016, Avery Bradley left Mitchell Butler to sign with Pelinka after being disappointed with the results of a contract extension. During the lead-up to the 2016 NBA draft, Buddy Hield, the consensus college player of the year in 2015–16, signed with Pelinka. Marquese Chriss also signed with Pelinka. Hield was drafted 6th and Chriss was selected 8th. On February 21, 2017, media sources reported that the Los Angeles",
"title": "Rob Pelinka"
},
{
"id": "3065995",
"text": "the award a record six times. He is also the only player to win the award despite his team not making the playoffs back in the season. Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times, while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times. Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons. Moses Malone, Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times, while Bob Pettit, Karl Malone, Tim Duncan, Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice. Only two rookies have",
"title": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award"
},
{
"id": "1975057",
"text": "inaugural National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame class in 2006. He was ranked as the 36th best American athlete of the 20th century by ESPN. Robertson was also an integral part of \"Robertson v. National Basketball Ass'n\" of 1970. The landmark NBA antitrust suit, named after the then-president of the NBA Players' Association, led to an extensive reform of the league's strict free agency and draft rules and, subsequently, to higher salaries for all players. Robertson was born in poverty in Charlotte, Tennessee, and grew up in a segregated housing project in Indianapolis. In contrast to many other boys who",
"title": "Oscar Robertson"
},
{
"id": "3065996",
"text": "won the award: Wilt Chamberlain in the and Wes Unseld in the 1968–69 season. Hakeem Olajuwon of Nigeria, Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Steve Nash of Canada and Dirk Nowitzki of Germany are the only MVP winners considered \"international players\" by the NBA. Stephen Curry in 2015–16 is the only player to have won the award unanimously. Shaquille O'Neal in 1999–2000 and LeBron James in 2012–13 are the only two players to have fallen one vote shy of a unanimous selection, both receiving 120 of 121 votes. Russell Westbrook, is the first to have played for a team",
"title": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award"
},
{
"id": "2292812",
"text": "season or two of the three most recent seasons; or named to an All-NBA team in the immediately preceding season or two of the three most recent seasons. These criteria are the same that determine eligibility for a new type of contract introduced with the 2017 CBA—the Designated Veteran Player Extension (DVPE), popularly known as a \"supermax\" contract. Players entering their eighth or ninth season in the league who meet the aforementioned criteria may be eligible to sign an extension of up to 5 years at 35% of the cap, a salary normally allowed only for players with 10 or",
"title": "Salary cap"
},
{
"id": "9764175",
"text": "Dodgers agreed on a seven-year, $215 million, contract extension. The deal was the richest in MLB history for a pitcher, eclipsing the seven-year, $180 million, contract signed by Justin Verlander the previous year. The average annual value of $30.7 million was also the largest ever for a baseball player, beating the $28 million Roger Clemens received in 2007 and the 10-year, $275 million contract that Alex Rodriguez signed that same year. Kershaw made his fourth straight opening day start for the Dodgers in 2014, only the fourth Dodger ever to do so. This season the game was played at the",
"title": "Clayton Kershaw"
},
{
"id": "20326735",
"text": "world, and NBA players are the world's best paid athletes by average annual salary per player. The NBA operates a minor league basketball organization, the NBA Development League, to help develop players. However, like the relationship between college football and the NFL, college basketball acts as the primary suppliers of players to the NBA. The Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional, is the top professional basketball league in Mexico, while Liga Nacional de Baloncesto is the top one in the Dominican Republic. The Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN) has teams in Puerto Rico. The NBA also runs the Women's National Basketball Association",
"title": "Sports in North America"
},
{
"id": "18191436",
"text": "teams using preemptive media comments to chill offers for restricted free agents. This resulted in the NBA sending a memo to its teams warning of potential exposure if they used this long-unchallenged tactic. Just prior to the 2015-16 season, Termini and Paul negotiated a five-year, $82 million contract for restricted free agent Tristan Thompson. That deal made Thompson the sixth-highest-paid power forward in the NBA for the 2015-16 season In 2015, Termini also negotiated a four-year, $33 million free agent contract for his client Kosta Koufos, along with deals for several other Klutch clients including Cory Joseph (four years, $30",
"title": "Mark Termini"
},
{
"id": "14590110",
"text": "with each team paying a $1 tax for each $1 by which it exceeds $70.307 million. The mid-level exception was $5.765 million for the season and the minimum team salary, which was set at 75% of the salary cap, was $43.533 million. The maximum salaries for players are set at $13.604 million for players with zero to six years of experience, $16.324 million for players with seven to nine years of experience, and $19.045 million for players with more than 10 years of experience. 2010–11 NBA season The 2010–11 NBA season was the 65th season of the National Basketball Association",
"title": "2010–11 NBA season"
},
{
"id": "19513147",
"text": "gold medal winner); Cal Ripken Jr. (former shortstop and third baseman for the Baltimore Orioles and 19-time All-Star); Deion Sanders (NFL Pro Football Hall of Famer); Misty May-Treanor (three-time Olympic beach volleyball gold medalist); Andy Elkin (Agent, Creative Artists Agency); Tracy Perlman (VP Entertainment Marketing and Promotions, NFL); Jeff Schwartz (President and Founder, Excel Sports Management); Jill Smoller (SVP, William Morris Endeavor); Leah Wilcox (VP, Talent Relations, NBA); Alan Zucker (SVP, IMG Clients Group); Michael Phelps (most decorated Olympian of all time); Tony Hawk (professional skateboarder) and Zane Stoddard (VP, Entertainment Marketing and Content Development, NASCAR). Kobe Bryant received the",
"title": "2016 Kids' Choice Sports Awards"
},
{
"id": "8725282",
"text": "year-end awards and became the first freshman to be named Naismith College Player of the Year. As a professional, he has won two NBA championships, an NBA Most Valuable Player Award, two Finals MVP Awards, the NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award, four NBA scoring titles, the NBA Rookie of the Year Award, and two Olympic gold medals. Durant has also been selected to eight All-NBA teams and nine NBA All-Star teams. Off the court, Durant is one of the highest-earning basketball players in the world, due in part to endorsement deals with companies such as Foot Locker and",
"title": "Kevin Durant"
},
{
"id": "19576141",
"text": "secretly go over the salary cap for the year. This is also the largest fine amount that has ever been issued in the League. The most fined owner is Mark Cuban, for 20 fines totaling $2,240,000; alone this is about 10% of all fines since 2000. Cuban is not only the most fined owner, he is the most fined individual person in NBA history, in terms of both total number of fines and total amount fined. His largest fine to date, $600,000 was for saying that the Dallas Mavericks should tank for the rest of the 2017-18 season. Cuban says",
"title": "NBA fines"
},
{
"id": "11667066",
"text": "joining the Rockets, he became one of the NBA's most prolific scorers and earned recognition as the best shooting guard in the NBA, as well as one of the top overall players in the league. Harden was named the NBA Most Valuable Player in 2018. He is a six-time NBA All-Star, and has earned All-NBA Team honors five times, including four times to the first team. Harden is a two-time member of the United States national basketball team, winning gold medals in both the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2014 FIBA World Cup. Harden attended Artesia High School in Lakewood, California.",
"title": "James Harden"
},
{
"id": "17103968",
"text": "West players offered to feed Bryant the ball in an attempt to get him a record fifth All-Star MVP, but he declined. Patrick Beverley was unable to participate due to an ankle injury. Emmanuel Mudiay was selected to replace Beverley. Teammates Stephen Curry and Klay Thompson of the Golden State Warriors, known as the Splash Brothers, were the favorites to win the contest. The betting site, Bovada, listed the defending-champion Curry as the favorite to win with 10–11 odds, while Thompson was second at 9–2. Contestant Devin Booker would be the youngest participant to ever compete in the Three-Point contest",
"title": "2016 NBA All-Star Game"
},
{
"id": "6569409",
"text": "one season remaining at $12 million, the team can waive him and stretch his salary across three seasons at $4 million per season.\" The NBA Amnesty Clause provided franchises a means of escaping a contractual obligation to a player whose performance falls far short of the extremely large salary they initially agreed to pay him. Under the 2005 CBA, one player could be waived prior to the start of the 2005–06 season and not count toward the luxury tax. Unlike the 2011 CBA, the player still counted under the salary cap. The 2005 amnesty provision was derisively named the \"Allan",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "11747046",
"text": "Russell Westbrook Russell Westbrook III (born November 12, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is a seven-time NBA All-Star, and a two-time NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player, winning consecutive awards in 2015 and 2016. He is also a seven-time All-NBA Team member and led the league in scoring in 2014–15 and 2016–17. In 2017, Westbrook became one of two players in NBA history to average a triple-double for a season, along with Oscar Robertson in 1962. He also set a record for the most triple-doubles in",
"title": "Russell Westbrook"
},
{
"id": "16017944",
"text": "team to sign their first-round draft pick to a contract based upon a scale previously set forth by the NBA. Another option for teams would be to assign players to a league-assigned minimum salary contract for a maximum of two years. According to 2010–11 NBA season game performance, the league's best players were not its highest-paid players. Each year there are ten players selected to one of the two All-NBA Teams. Out of those ten players chosen that year, Kobe Bryant was the only player that was also among the game's ten highest-paid during the 2010–11 NBA season. Highest-paid NBA",
"title": "Highest-paid NBA players by season"
},
{
"id": "8611743",
"text": "he ranked first among NBA player agents in players repped (42), All-Stars (12), maxed-out contracts (six) and clients' salaries ($324,980,992). Tellem is married to Nancy Tellem, former entertainment and digital media president of Microsoft. They met in 1974 while both were summer interns in Washington, D.C. Nancy, a Cal junior from San Francisco, worked for Oakland congressman Ron Dellums. Arn, a sophomore at Haverford, had been hired by another California representative, Jerome Waldie, a member of the House Judiciary Committee. The couple has three sons: Michael, Matty and Eric. The fictional agent Arliss Michaels of the HBO sitcom \"Arli$$\" was",
"title": "Arn Tellem"
},
{
"id": "11747047",
"text": "a season, with 42. He was subsequently named the 2016–17 NBA Most Valuable Player. This feat was repeated the following season when he again averaged a triple-double across 80 games. In 2017–18, he also led the league in assists for the first time. Westbrook played college basketball for the UCLA Bruins and earned third-team all-conference honors in the Pac-10. He was selected with the fourth overall pick in the 2008 NBA draft by the Seattle SuperSonics, who then relocated to Oklahoma City six days later. Westbrook has represented the United States national team twice, winning gold medals in the 2010",
"title": "Russell Westbrook"
},
{
"id": "7445148",
"text": "NBA rights, but the league instead went to ESPN and ABC with a six-year deal worth $2.4 billion ($400 million/year), a total of $4.6 billion ($766 million/year) when adding the cable deal with Turner Sports. Partially due to the retirement of Michael Jordan, the league suffered ratings decline after ESPN and ABC took over the rights. NBA extended its national TV package on June 27, 2007 worth eight-year $7.4 billion ($930 million/year) through 2015–16 season, during which the league had its new resurgence leading by renewed Celtics–Lakers rivalry and LeBron James. On October 6, 2014, NBA announced a nine-year $24",
"title": "National Basketball Association on television"
},
{
"id": "803550",
"text": "by Houston restaurant billionaire Tilman Fertitta for $2.2 billion, breaking the record for the price to purchase an American professional sports team. The team also acquired 8 time All-NBA player and 9 time All-Star Chris Paul in a trade from the Los Angeles Clippers, in exchange for seven players, cash considerations, and a top three protected 2018 first round draft pick. Even if Paul missed many games due to a knee injury, he was a key addition to the Rockets. The team finished the season with 65 wins, a record both league-leading and the best in franchise history. During the",
"title": "Houston Rockets"
},
{
"id": "14991170",
"text": "Ryan Jensen, OG Zach Fulton, QB Josh McCown, OT Jack Mewhort, QB Jake Rudock, TE Josiah Price, FB Zach Line, LB Mike Mauti, and QB Drew Stanton), and finished #1 among all agencies worldwide for the highest percentage guarantees in their contracts. Since founding Priority Sports, Bartelstein has been rated as one of the most influential sports agents by Street & Smith's \"Sports Business Journal\". He first gained acclaim after negotiating the contract for NBA star John \"Hot Rod\" Williams, because it made him the highest paid player in the history of team sports at the time. The company has",
"title": "Priority Sports and Entertainment"
},
{
"id": "803510",
"text": "franchise player James Harden in 2012 has launched the Rockets back into championship contention in the mid-2010s. Moses Malone, Hakeem Olajuwon and James Harden have been named the NBA's Most Valuable Player while playing for the Rockets, for a total of four MVP awards. The Rockets, under general manager Daryl Morey, are notable for popularizing the use of advanced statistical analytics (similar to sabermetrics in baseball) in player acquisitions and style of play. The Rockets were founded in 1967 in San Diego by Robert Breitbard, who paid an entry fee of US $1.75 million to join the NBA as an",
"title": "Houston Rockets"
},
{
"id": "6569378",
"text": "NBA, and have either: Additionally, the team offering the extension must have originally drafted the player, or obtained him in a trade while he was on his rookie contract. Players who qualify can be offered contracts with a starting salary between 30 and 35% of the salary cap. The extension cannot last more than five years after the expiration of the player's current contract (or five years for a player who is a free agent when signed), but can be negotiated and signed one year before the current contract expires. The extension can be offered to a team's own free",
"title": "NBA salary cap"
},
{
"id": "12845699",
"text": "2011, Rose signed a five-year contract extension with the Bulls for $94.8 million. The contract was 30 percent of the Bulls' salary cap, the maximum allowed under a rule dubbed the \"Derrick Rose Rule\" from the 2011 NBA Collective Bargaining Agreement. Rose was voted as an All-Star Game starter for the second consecutive year. He was the second leading vote getter behind Orlando Magic center Dwight Howard. He averaged 21.8 ppg, along with a career high 7.9 apg in 35.3 mpg, but played a career low 39 games due to injuries. He helped Luol Deng become an All-Star for the",
"title": "Derrick Rose"
},
{
"id": "7913405",
"text": "Tom Gores Tom Gores (born: Tewfiq Georgious, ; born July 31, 1964) is an American businessman and investor. He is a billionaire with an estimated current net worth of $3.7 billion according to the 2017 \"Forbes\" list of the Forbes 400. He is the founder of Platinum Equity, a private equity firm with headquarters in Beverly Hills. On June 1, 2011, Tom Gores and Platinum Equity became the owners of the National Basketball Association’s (NBA) Detroit Pistons. Tom Gores was born into a practicing Catholic family in Nazareth, Israel, the son of a father of Greek descent and a mother",
"title": "Tom Gores"
},
{
"id": "2132435",
"text": "during which Divac interviewed head coaching candidates Sam Mitchell, Vinny Del Negro, Mike Woodson, David Blatt, Mark Jackson, Jeff Hornacek, Nate McMillan, Patrick Ewing, Elston Turner, and Corliss Williamson, the Kings hired Dave Joerger as their new head coach, signing him to a four-year deal worth US$16 million. At the 2016 NBA draft, with the 8th pick, the Kings selected Marquese Chriss out of the University of Washington, but traded him to the Phoenix Suns for rights to Bogdan Bogdanović as well as the Suns' 2016 draft 13th and 28th picks, Georgios Papagiannis and Skal Labissière, respectively. At the 2017",
"title": "Vlade Divac"
},
{
"id": "17103966",
"text": "respectively. Pau Gasol of the Chicago Bulls and Al Horford of the Atlanta Hawks were named as Butler and Bosh's replacements. Russell Westbrook earned his second-straight MVP award in his first All-Star start as the West won 196–173 over the East. He scored a team-high 31 points and added eight rebounds, five assists, and five steals in 22 minutes. Kobe Bryant, who planned to retire after the season, had 10 points, six rebounds, and seven assists in his final All-Star Game. The 369 total points in the game broke the previous year's record by 48, and both sides exceeded the",
"title": "2016 NBA All-Star Game"
}
] | who is the highest paid nba player in 2016 |
|
| [
{
"id": "4177598",
"text": "Minister and the Cabinet are responsible to the Parliament, of which they must, in most circumstances, be members. General elections are held at least once every three years. The Prime Minister has a discretion to advise the Governor-General to call an election for the House of Representatives at any time, but Senate elections can only be held within certain periods prescribed in the Constitution. The most recent general election was on 2 July 2016. The Commonwealth Parliament and all the state and territory legislatures operate within the conventions of the Westminster system, with a recognised Leader of the Opposition, usually",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177587",
"text": "the Queen of Australia who is represented by the Governor-General of Australia, with executive powers delegated by constitutional convention to the Australian head of government, the Prime Minister of Australia. The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia is divided into the executive branch, composed of the Federal Executive Council presided by the Governor-General, which delegates powers to the Cabinet of Australia led by the Prime Minister, the legislative branch composed of the Parliament of Australia's House of Representatives and Senate, and the judicial branch composed of the High Court of Australia and federal courts. Separation of powers is implied by",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177601",
"text": "Prime Minister of Australia. Though in many respects the Governor-General is the Queen's representative, and exercises various constitutional powers in her name, they independently exercise many important powers in their own right. The governor-general represents Australia internationally, making and receiving state visits. The Sovereign of Australia, currently Queen Elizabeth II, is also the Sovereign of fifteen other Commonwealth realms including the United Kingdom. Like the other Dominions, Australia gained legislative independence from the Parliament of the United Kingdom by virtue of the Statute of Westminster 1931, which was adopted in Australia in 1942 with retrospective effect from 3 September 1939.",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177600",
"text": "the Manager of Opposition Business in the House, appointed by the Leader of the Opposition in the Commonwealth parliament, currently Bill Shorten. The Australian Constitution dates from 1901, when the Dominions of the British Empire were not sovereign states, and does not use the term \"head of state\". As Australia is a constitutional monarchy, government and academic sources describe the Queen as head of state. In practice, the role of head of state of Australia is divided between two people, the Queen of Australia and the Governor-General of Australia, who is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177586",
"text": "Government of Australia The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia (also referred to as the Australian Government, the Commonwealth Government, the Federal Government, and formally Her Majesty's Government) is the government of the Commonwealth of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901 as a result of an agreement among six self-governing British colonies, which became the six states. The terms of this contract are embodied in the Australian Constitution, which was drawn up at a Constitutional Convention and ratified by the people of the colonies at referendums. The Australian head of state is",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "2121355",
"text": "elections are overseen by separate Electoral Commissions in each state and territory, as follows: The date and type of federal election is determined by the Prime Minister — after a consideration of constitutional requirements, legal requirements, as well as political considerations — who advises the Governor-General to set the process in motion by dissolving the lower or both houses and issuing writs for election. Some state elections are statutorily determined while others are determined by the respective state premiers. By federal law, state elections cannot take place on the same day as a federal election, which takes precedence if there",
"title": "Electoral system of Australia"
},
{
"id": "12248656",
"text": "Constitution, in Chapters I, II and III respectively. Chapter I sets up the legislative branch of government, the Parliament of Australia, which consists of three constituent parts: The Sovereign (King or Queen), who is represented by the Governor-General of Australia; the Senate; and the House of Representatives. Section 1 provides that legislative power is vested in this Parliament, which has paramount power of governance. Part II of this chapter deals with the Senate. Senators are to be \"directly chosen by the people of the State\", voting as a single electorate. Each Original State is to have the same number of",
"title": "Constitution of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177597",
"text": "the next such election. The members of the House of Representatives are elected by majority-preferential voting using the non-proportional Instant-runoff voting system from single-member constituencies allocated among the states and territories. In ordinary legislation, the two chambers have co-ordinate powers, but all proposals for appropriating revenue or imposing taxes must be introduced in the House of Representatives. Under the prevailing Westminster system, the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the support of a majority of the members in the House of Representatives is invited to form a government and is named Prime Minister. The Prime",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "5197220",
"text": "or approved. An approved Bill must then receive the assent then handed down to either the Governor (State) or the Governor-General (Commonwealth). And then it must be put to the people through a Referendum and only a majority vote of all the States will ensure that law will be passed. Parliament often delegates legislation to local councils, statutory authorities and government departments, for sub or minor statute laws or rules such as Road Rules, but all law is answerable to the Commonwealth Constitution. Most statutes are meant to be applied in the main not by legal practitioners and judges but",
"title": "Law of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177606",
"text": "in the period prior to and immediately following a general election. The Cabinet of Australia is the council of senior Ministers of the Crown, responsible to the Federal Parliament. The ministers are appointed by the Governor-General, on the advice of the Prime Minister, who serve at the former's pleasure. Cabinet meetings are strictly private and occur once a week where vital issues are discussed and policy formulated. Outside the cabinet there is an outer ministry and also a number of junior ministers, called Parliamentary secretaries, responsible for a specific policy area and reporting directly to a senior Cabinet minister. The",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7555214",
"text": "and major mainland territory has its own parliament—unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory,",
"title": "Australia"
},
{
"id": "2045365",
"text": "and regulations to determine their impact on individual rights and accountability. Joint Committees are also established to include both members of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Under the Constitution, the Governor-General has the power to appoint and dismiss \"Ministers of State\" who administer government departments. In practice, the Governor-General chooses ministers in accordance with the traditions of the Westminster System that the Government be drawn from the party or coalition of parties that has a majority in the House of Representatives, with the leader of the largest party becoming Prime Minister. These ministers then meet in a council",
"title": "Parliament of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177605",
"text": "and meets to give legal effect to decisions made by the Cabinet, and to carry out various other functions. All Ministers are members of the Executive Council and are entitled to be styled \"The Honourable\", a title which they retain for life. The Governor-General usually presides at Council meetings, but in his or her absence another Minister nominated as the Vice-President of the Executive Council presides at the meeting of the Council. Since 20 December 2017, the Vice-President of the Federal Executive Council has been Senator Mathias Cormann. There are times when the government acts in a \"caretaker\" capacity, principally",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "10775284",
"text": "legislative independence provided to Australian states. Government for the Australian Capital Territory is outlined in Commonwealth legislation; the Australian Capital Territory (Self-Government) Act 1988. Nonetheless, the ACT is governed according to the principles of the Westminster System, a form of parliamentary government based on the model of the United Kingdom. Legislative power rests with the unicameral Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly. Executive power rests formally with the Executive, which consists of the Chief Minister and Ministers, and is informally called the Cabinet. Judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory and a system of subordinate",
"title": "ACT Government"
},
{
"id": "4177593",
"text": "equality among the States: all States elect 12 Senators, regardless of population. This was intended to allow the Senators of the smaller States to form a majority and thus be able to amend or reject bills originating in the House of Representatives. The ACT and the NT each elect two Senators. The third level of government after Commonwealth and State/Territory is Local government, in the form of shires, towns and cities. The Councils of these areas are composed of elected representatives (known as either councillor or alderman, depending on the State), usually serving part-time. Their powers are devolved to them",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177595",
"text": "the High Court of Australia was confirmed as the highest court of appeal. The theoretical possibility of the British Parliament enacting laws to override the Australian Constitution was also removed. The Legislature makes the laws, and supervises the activities of the other two arms with a view to changing the laws when appropriate. The Australian Parliament is bicameral, consisting of the Queen of Australia, a 76-member Senate and a 150-member House of Representatives. Twelve Senators from each state are elected for six-year terms, using proportional representation and the single transferable vote (known in Australia as \"quota-preferential voting\": see Australian electoral",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7577450",
"text": "Monarchy of Australia The monarchy of Australia concerns the form of government in which a hereditary king or queen serves as the nation's sovereign and head of state. Australia is governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, largely modelled on the Westminster system of parliamentary government, while incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, styled \"Queen of Australia\", who has reigned since 6 February 1952. She is represented in Australia as a whole by the Governor-General, in accordance with the Australian Constitution and letters patent from the Queen, and in each of the",
"title": "Monarchy of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7555210",
"text": "in every jurisdiction, as is enrolment (with the exception of South Australia). The party with majority support in the House of Representatives forms the government and its leader becomes Prime Minister. In cases where no party has majority support, the Governor-General has the constitutional power to appoint the Prime Minister and, if necessary, dismiss one that has lost the confidence of Parliament. There are two major political groups that usually form government, federally and in the states: the Australian Labor Party and the Coalition which is a formal grouping of the Liberal Party and its minor partner, the National Party.",
"title": "Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177599",
"text": "the leader of the largest party outside the government, and a Shadow Cabinet of Opposition members who \"shadow\" each member of the Ministry, asking questions on matters within the Minister's portfolio. Although the Government, by virtue of commanding a majority of members in the lower house of the legislature, can usually pass its legislation and control the workings of the house, the Opposition can considerably delay the passage of legislation and obstruct government business if it chooses. The day-to-day business of the House of Representatives is usually negotiated between the Leader of the House, appointed by the Prime Minister, and",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7570230",
"text": "Politics of Australia The politics of Australia take place within the framework of a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Australians elect parliamentarians to the federal Parliament of Australia, a bicameral body which incorporates elements of the fused executive inherited from the Westminster system, and a strong federalist senate, adopted from the United States Congress. Australia largely operates as a two-party system in which voting is compulsory. The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Australia as a \"full democracy\" in 2017. The Parliament of Australia, also known as the Commonwealth Parliament or Federal Parliament, is the legislative branch of the government of Australia.",
"title": "Politics of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177589",
"text": "of power\") to the Commonwealth government. All remaining responsibilities are retained by the six States (previously separate colonies). Further, each State has its own constitution, so that Australia has seven sovereign Parliaments, none of which can encroach on the functions of any other. The High Court of Australia arbitrates on any disputes which arise between the Commonwealth and the States, or among the States, concerning their respective functions. The Commonwealth Parliament can propose changes to the Constitution. To become effective, the proposals must be put to a referendum of all Australians of voting age, and must receive a \"double majority\":",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177592",
"text": "from 1979 until 2016, although it was never represented as such in the Commonwealth Parliament. The other territories that are regularly inhabitedJervis Bay, Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islandshave never been self-governing. The federal nature of the Commonwealth and the structure of the Parliament of Australia were the subject of protracted negotiations among the colonies during the drafting of the Constitution. The House of Representatives is elected on a basis that reflects the differing populations of the States. Thus New South Wales has 48 members while Tasmania has only five. But the Senate is elected on a basis of",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "1426197",
"text": "members of the House of Representatives. However, because their terms do not coincide, the incoming Parliament will for some time comprise a new House of Representatives and an old Senate. Section 13 of the Constitution requires that in half-Senate elections the election of State senators shall take place within one year before the places become vacant. The actual election date is determined by the Governor of each State, who acts on the advice of the State Premier. The Governors almost always act on the recommendation of the Governor-General, with the last independent Senate election writ being issued by the Governor",
"title": "Australian Senate"
},
{
"id": "1388265",
"text": "dominant political parties and rivals of Australian politics, though various other parties have been and remain influential. Voting is compulsory in Australia and government is essentially formed by a group commanding a majority of seats in the Australian House of Representatives selecting a leader who becomes Prime Minister. Australia remains a constitutional monarchy in which the largely ceremonial and procedural duties of the monarch are performed by a Governor General selected by the Australian government. Australia fought at Britain's side from the outset of World War One and World War Two and came under attack from the Empire of Japan",
"title": "Culture of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177615",
"text": "first state to exercise this both symbolic and real independence was the Irish Free State. Australia and other dominions soon followed. Government of Australia The Government of the Commonwealth of Australia (also referred to as the Australian Government, the Commonwealth Government, the Federal Government, and formally Her Majesty's Government) is the government of the Commonwealth of Australia, a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901 as a result of an agreement among six self-governing British colonies, which became the six states. The terms of this contract are embodied in the Australian Constitution, which was drawn",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "3344630",
"text": "Australian Electoral Commission The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is the federal independent agency in charge of organising, conducting and supervising federal elections and referendums. State and local government elections are overseen by separate Electoral Commissions in each state and territory: The AEC's main responsibility is to conduct federal elections, by-elections and referendums. The AEC is also responsible for seat boundaries and redistributions, and the maintenance of an up-to-date electoral roll. Under the Joint Roll Arrangements, the AEC maintains the electoral roll for the whole of Australia, which is used by the state and territory Electoral Commissions to conduct their elections.",
"title": "Australian Electoral Commission"
},
{
"id": "4177588",
"text": "the structure of the Constitution, the three branches of government being set out in separate chapters (chapters I to III). The Australian system of government combines elements of the Westminster and Washington systems with unique Australian characteristics, and has been characterised as a \"Washminster mutation\". Section 1 of the Australian Constitution creates a democratic legislature, the bicameral Parliament of Australia which consists of the Queen of Australia, and two houses of parliament, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Section 51 of the Constitution provides for the Commonwealth Government's legislative powers and allocates certain powers and responsibilities (known as \"heads",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7570246",
"text": "Capital Territory, election dates are fixed by legislation. However, the other state premiers and the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory have the same discretion in calling elections as the Prime Minister at national level. Local government in Australia is the third (and lowest) tier of government, administered by the states and territories which in turn are beneath the federal tier. Unlike the United States, United Kingdom and New Zealand, there is only one level of local government in all states, with no distinction such as counties and cities. Today, most local governments have equivalent powers within a state, and",
"title": "Politics of Australia"
},
{
"id": "2932273",
"text": "the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the United Kingdom or the Secretary of the Treasury in the United States or, in some other countries, the finance minister. The Treasurer is the minister in charge of government revenue and expenditure. The Treasurer oversees economic policy: fiscal policy is within the Treasurer's direct responsibility, while monetary policy is implemented by the politically independent Reserve Bank of Australia, the head of which is appointed by the Treasurer. The Treasurer also oversees financial regulation. Each year in May, the Treasurer presents the Federal Budget to the Parliament. The Prime Minister and Treasurer are traditionally",
"title": "Treasurer of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7570235",
"text": "of Representatives. The two pieces of legislation that triggered the election did not figure prominently in the eight-week election campaign. The role of head of state in Australia is divided between two people: the Monarch of Australia and the Governor-General of Australia. The functions and roles of the Governor-General include appointing ambassadors, ministers, and judges, giving Royal Assent to legislation (also a role of the monarch), issuing writs for elections and bestowing honours. The Governor-General is the President of the Federal Executive Council and Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Force. These posts are held under the authority of the Australian",
"title": "Politics of Australia"
},
{
"id": "11214257",
"text": "government is sworn in, and contacts the nominated successor and invites him or her to form a government. The nominated successor accepts the invitation and undertakes to inform the Governor-General when the new Ministry is in a position to be sworn in. That can be delayed by the counting of votes in closely contested seats or by the processes by which ministers are chosen under the relevant party's rules. In the meantime, the caretaker government continues in office until the government is sworn in. If it is unclear to the incumbent prime minister who will be able to command a",
"title": "Caretaker government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "15257387",
"text": "opinion has mainly been discussed in the context of Australia becoming a republic, and was prominently debated in the lead-up to the republic referendum in 1999. The Australian constitution dates from 1901, when the Dominions of the British Empire were not sovereign states, and does not use the term \"head of state\". In respect of the government of Australia, the monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, is represented in Australia by the governor-general, in accordance with the Constitution. Elizabeth II is also the sovereign of fifteen other countries, including the United Kingdom (UK), that",
"title": "Australian head of state dispute"
},
{
"id": "2682250",
"text": "a Constitutional Crisis). Each of the Australian states is governed under the Westminster system of parliamentary government. Each state has an elected legislature. Following a General Election, the State Governor appoints as Premier the Member of the lower house of the State legislature who can command a simple majority of votes on the floor of the house. The Governor is the head of Government, but in practice acts only on the advice of the Premier. The Premier must resign his or her commission to the Governor if he or she loses the confidence of the Legislative Assembly, either because his",
"title": "Premiers of the Australian states"
},
{
"id": "7555212",
"text": "was sworn in as prime minister later that day. Australia has six states—New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (QLD), South Australia (SA), Tasmania (TAS), Victoria (VIC) and Western Australia (WA)—and two major mainland territories—the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the Northern Territory (NT). In most respects these two territories function as states, except that the Commonwealth Parliament has the power to modify or repeal any legislation passed by the territory parliaments. Under the constitution, the States essentially have plenary legislative power to legislate on any subject, whereas the Commonwealth (federal) Parliament may legislate only within the subject areas enumerated under section",
"title": "Australia"
},
{
"id": "7555208",
"text": "Government in the constitutional crisis of 1975. The federal government is separated into three branches: In the Senate (the upper house), there are 76 senators: twelve each from the states and two each from the mainland territories (the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory). The House of Representatives (the lower house) has 150 members elected from single-member electoral divisions, commonly known as \"electorates\" or \"seats\", allocated to states on the basis of population, with each original state guaranteed a minimum of five seats. Elections for both chambers are normally held every three years simultaneously; senators have overlapping six-year terms",
"title": "Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177609",
"text": "appointments at their own discretion, although in practice they consult with senior colleagues in making appointments. When the Liberal Party and its predecessors (the Nationalist Party and the United Australia Party) have been in coalition with the National Party or its predecessor the Country Party, the leader of the junior Coalition party has had the right to nominate their party's members of the Coalition ministry, and to be consulted by the Prime Minister on the allocation of their portfolios. When the Labor first held office under Chris Watson, Watson assumed the right to choose members of his Cabinet. In 1907,",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7550349",
"text": "is the leader of the political party or coalition with the most seats in the Legislative Assembly. The Premier is the public face of government and, with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda. Cabinet consists of representatives elected to either house of parliament. It is responsible for managing areas of government that are not exclusively the Commonwealth's, by the Australian Constitution, such as education, health and law enforcement. The current Premier of Victoria is Daniel Andrews. Executive authority is vested in the Governor of Victoria who represents and is appointed by Queen Elizabeth II. The post is usually filled",
"title": "Victoria (Australia)"
},
{
"id": "4177594",
"text": "by the State or Territory in which they are located. Government at the Commonwealth level and the State/Territory level is undertaken by three inter-connected arms of government: The \"Separation of powers\" is the principle whereby the three arms of government undertake their activities largely separately from each other: Until the passage of the Australia Act 1986, and associated legislation in the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, some Australian cases could be referred to the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council for final appeal. With this act, Australian law was made unequivocally sovereign, and",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7555074",
"text": "of each state is called the premier, appointed by the state's Governor. In normal circumstances, the Governor will appoint as premier whoever leads the party or coalition which exercises control of the lower house (in the case of Queensland, the only house) of the state Parliament. However, in times of constitutional crisis, the Governor can appoint someone else as Premier. The head of government of the self-governing internal territories is called the chief minister. The Northern Territory's chief minister, in normal circumstances whoever controls the Legislative Assembly, is appointed by the administrator. Distance in kilometres from the corresponding city on",
"title": "States and territories of Australia"
},
{
"id": "2045332",
"text": "Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia on 1988, the anniversary of the opening of both the first Federal Parliament in Melbourne on 1901, and of the Provisional Parliament House in Canberra on 1927. The Constitution establishes the Commonwealth Parliament, consisting of three components: the Queen of Australia, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Most of the constitutional functions of the Crown are given to the Governor-General, whom the Queen appoints on the advice of the Prime Minister to act as her representative in Australia. Specifically, the Constitution gives the Governor-General the power to assent to legislation, refuse to assent,",
"title": "Parliament of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7577467",
"text": "enacted only with the granting of Royal Assent, done by the Governor-General, relevant state governor, or Administrator in the case of the Northern Territory (NT), with the Great Seal of Australia or the appropriate state or territory seal. Laws passed by the ACT and NT legislatures, unlike their state counterparts, are subject to the oversight of the government of Australia and can be disallowed by the Australian Parliament. The Governor-General may reserve a bill \"for the Queen's pleasure\"; that is withhold his consent to the bill and present it to the sovereign for her personal decision. Under the constitution, the",
"title": "Monarchy of Australia"
},
{
"id": "5688213",
"text": "the Commonwealth, rather than by any constitutional right. This means that the Australian Parliament retains the right to legislate for the Territory, if it chooses to exercise it. Under the law granting self-government to the Territory, the Federal Cabinet can advise the Governor-General of Australia to overturn any legislation passed by the Assembly. (See also Electoral systems of the Australian states and territories). The government consists of a Ministry appointed by the Administrator, from the elected members of the Assembly. The Administrator normally appoints the leader of the majority party in the Assembly as the Chief Minister. The other members",
"title": "Government of the Northern Territory"
},
{
"id": "3645381",
"text": "that of the Prime Minister, who 'advises' the Governor-General to set the process in motion by dissolving the House of Representatives (if it has not expired) and then issuing writs for election. The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC) is the federal government agency responsible for organising, conducting and supervising federal elections, by-elections and referendums. State and Territory Electoral Commissions perform an equivalent role for State and Territory elections. The AEC is also responsible for seat boundaries and redistributions, and maintains the Commonwealth electoral roll, which is also used by the state and territory Electoral Commissions to conduct State, Territory and local",
"title": "Elections in Australia"
},
{
"id": "12248659",
"text": "the Trade and Commerce Power, the Corporations Power and the External Affairs Power. Section 52 deals with powers \"exclusively\" vested in the Commonwealth parliament. States cannot legislate on these subjects. Chapter II sets up the executive branch of government. Executive powers are exercised by the Governor-General, advised by the Federal Executive Council. Under this Chapter, the Governor-General is the commander in chief, and may appoint and dismiss the members of the Executive Council, ministers of state, and all officers of the executive government. These powers, along with the powers to dissolve (or refuse to dissolve) parliament (Section 5, Section 57),",
"title": "Constitution of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177611",
"text": "election and he chose the ministry, as he said he would. The cabinet meets not only in Canberra but also in state capitals, most frequently Sydney and Melbourne. Kevin Rudd was in favour of the Cabinet meeting in other places, such as major regional cities. There are Commonwealth Parliament Offices in each State Capital, with those in Sydney located in Phillip Street. There are 18 departments of the Australian Government. As a federation, in Australia judicial power is exercised by both federal and state courts. Federal judicial power is vested in the High Court of Australia and such other federal",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "2045339",
"text": "is convention in the Westminster System, the party or coalition of parties that has the majority in this House forms the Government with the leader of that party or coalition becoming the Prime Minister. If the government loses the confidence of the House, they are expected to call a new election or resign. Parliament may determine the number of members of the House of Representatives but the Constitution provides that this number must be \"as nearly as practicable, twice the number of Senators\"; this requirement is commonly called the \"nexus provision\". Hence, the House presently consists of 150 members. Each",
"title": "Parliament of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4157675",
"text": "The Cabinet is the government's chief policy-making organ, and consists of the Premier and all ministers. Legislative power rests with the Parliament of Victoria, which consists of Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, represented by the Governor of Victoria, and the two Houses, the Victorian Legislative Council (the upper house) and the Victorian Legislative Assembly (the lower house). Judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Court of Victoria and a system of subordinate courts, but the High Court of Australia and other federal courts have overriding jurisdiction on matters which fall under the ambit of the Australian Constitution. Government of Victoria",
"title": "Government of Victoria"
},
{
"id": "3504621",
"text": "union and industrial relations legislation. One difference between the Australian and United States models of federalism is that, in Australia, the Commonwealth Parliament has explicit constitutional power over marriage legislation; this has been a focal point for recent controversies over same-sex marriage. Each state of Australia has a governor, who represents the Queen of Australia (currently Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom) and performs the ceremonial duties of a head of state. Every state also has a parliament; most states have a bicameral parliament, except for Queensland, where the upper chamber (the Legislative Council) was abolished in 1922. Unlike their",
"title": "State government"
},
{
"id": "7570232",
"text": "party or coalition of parties which commands the confidence of a majority of members of the House of Representatives forms government. The Australian Senate has 76 members. The six states return twelve senators each, and the two mainland territories return two senators each, elected through the single transferable voting system. Senators are elected for flexible terms not exceeding six years, with half of the senators contesting at each federal election. The Senate is afforded substantial powers by the Australian Constitution, significantly greater than those of Westminster upper houses such as those of the United Kingdom and Canada, and has the",
"title": "Politics of Australia"
},
{
"id": "3957542",
"text": "of Australia has replaced the Queen of the United Kingdom within Australia's parliament, but they happen to be the same person. The Monarch is represented in Australia by an appointed Governor-General. The executive power is vested in the Governor-General \"as the Queen's representative\" (section 61), as is the command-in-chief of the armed forces (section 68). The Australian Constitution provides the Governor-General with a number of powers, including; the power to dissolve Parliament (Sections 5, 57), the power to refuse assent to bills presented to her (section 58) and the power to dismiss the government Ministers (section 64)., however, the practical",
"title": "Australian constitutional law"
},
{
"id": "7577461",
"text": "government include its basis on a combination of \"written\" and \"unwritten rules\", and its retention of colonial-monarchical heads of state, comprising the British monarch and what had been the monarch's colonial representatives, the State Governors, together with the Governor-General.The constitution does not directly mention the term \"head of state\". The Constitution defines the Governor-General as the monarch's representative. According to the Australian Parliamentary Library, Australia's head of state is the monarch, and its head of government is the prime minister, with powers limited by both law and convention for government to be carried on democratically. The federal constitution provides that",
"title": "Monarchy of Australia"
},
{
"id": "2121392",
"text": "be a division of powers between the national government and the states, regulated by a written Constitution. In \"structure\", the Australian Parliament resembles the United States Congress. There is a House of Representatives elected from single-member constituencies of approximately equal population, and there is a Senate consisting of an equal number of Senators from each state, regardless of population (since 1975 there have also been Senators representing the territories). But in \"function\", the Australian Parliament follows the Westminster system. The Prime Minister holds office because they can command the support of the majority of the House of Representatives, and must",
"title": "Electoral system of Australia"
},
{
"id": "5197206",
"text": "parliaments. The constitutional framework of Australia is a combination of elements of the Westminster and United States systems of government. The federal legislature has the power to pass laws with respect to a number of express areas, which apply to the whole of Australia and override any State laws to the extent of any inconsistency. However, beyond those express areas the States legislatures generally have plenary power to enact laws on any subject. At both the federal and State levels, the substantive law of Australia is largely derived from the common law system of English law. The High Court of",
"title": "Law of Australia"
},
{
"id": "2045321",
"text": "Parliament of Australia The Parliament of Australia (also known as the Commonwealth Parliament or just Parliament) is the legislative branch of the government of Australia. It consists of three elements: the Crown (represented by the Governor-General), the Senate and the House of Representatives. The combination of two elected chambers, in which the members of the Senate represent the states and territories while the members of the House represent electoral divisions according to population, is modelled on the United States Congress. Through both chambers, however, there is a fused executive, drawn from the Westminster System. The upper house, the Senate, consists",
"title": "Parliament of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177607",
"text": "Constitution of Australia does not recognise the Cabinet as a legal entity; it exists solely by convention. Its decisions do not in and of themselves have legal force. However, it serves as the practical expression of the Federal Executive Council, which is Australia's highest formal governmental body. In practice, the Federal Executive Council meets solely to endorse and give legal force to decisions already made by the Cabinet. All members of the Cabinet are members of the Executive Council. While the Governor-General is nominal presiding officer, he almost never attends Executive Council meetings. A senior member of the Cabinet holds",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7570242",
"text": "decide on matters which Parliament has granted them. Decisions in inferior courts can be appealed to the Superior Court in that area, and then to the High Court of Australia. At a national level, elections are held at least once every three years. The Prime Minister can advise the Governor-General to call an election for the House of Representatives at any time, but Senate elections can only be held within certain periods prescribed in the Australian Constitution. The most recent Australian federal election took place on 2 July 2016. The House of Representatives is elected using the Australian instant-runoff voting",
"title": "Politics of Australia"
},
{
"id": "2682251",
"text": "or her party is defeated at a General Election or because he or she loses a vote of confidence in the house. (Premiers may also resign for other reasons, such as losing the confidence of their own party). The Australian states were founded as British colonies, and executive power was held by a Governor (or sometimes a Lieutenant-Governor) appointed by the British Government (see Governors of the Australian states). From the 1820s the power of the Governors was gradually transferred to legislative bodies, at first appointed, later partly elected, and finally fully elected. Victoria gained full responsible parliamentary government in",
"title": "Premiers of the Australian states"
},
{
"id": "4177596",
"text": "system), with half elected every three years. In addition to the state Senators, two senators are elected by voters from the Northern Territory (which for this purpose includes the Indian Ocean Territories, Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands), while another two senators are elected by the voters of the Australian Capital Territory (which for this purpose includes the Jervis Bay Territory). Senators from the territories are also elected using preferential voting, but their term of office is not fixed; it starts on the day of a general election for the House of Representatives and ends on the day before",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "5106556",
"text": "Revenue estimates detailed in the budget are raised through the Australian taxation system, with government spending (including transfers to the states) representing a sizeable proportion of the overall economy. Besides presenting the government's expected revenues and expenditures, the federal budget is also a political statement of the government's intentions and priorities, and has profound macroeconomic implications. Australia follows, to a great extent, the conventions of the Westminster system. For example, the prime minister must have the support of a majority in the House of Representatives, and must in any case be able to ensure the existence of no absolute majority",
"title": "Australian federal budget"
},
{
"id": "7577452",
"text": "independent countries that share the same person as monarch and head of state. The role and future of the monarchy has been a recurring topic of public discussion. Key features of Australia's system of government include its basis on a combination of \"written\" and \"unwritten rules\", and its retention of colonial-monarchical heads of state, comprising the British monarch and what had been the monarch's colonial representatives, the State Governors, together with the Governor-General. The monarch of Australia is the same person as the monarch of the 15 other Commonwealth realms within the 53-member Commonwealth of Nations; however, each country is",
"title": "Monarchy of Australia"
},
{
"id": "1426178",
"text": "Australian Senate The Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia, the lower house being the House of Representatives. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia. There are a total of 76 Senators: 12 are elected from each of the six states regardless of population and 2 from each of the two autonomous internal territories (the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory). Senators are popularly elected under the single transferable vote system of proportional representation. Unlike upper houses in other Westminster-style parliamentary systems, the Senate is",
"title": "Australian Senate"
},
{
"id": "3645375",
"text": "Parliament. It does not prescribe how elections should be conducted. Election campaigns and associated political advertisements have some regulation. Public funding of political parties and party registration was introduced in 1983. Voting is almost entirely conducted by paper ballot and is compulsory for adults. The informal vote is not usually significant, but a donkey vote is more common. They may, however, have a deciding impact in marginal seats. The Parliament of Australia consists of two chambers, the House of Representatives (commonly also referred as the lower house) and the Senate (also referred as the upper house). The House of Representatives",
"title": "Elections in Australia"
},
{
"id": "719454",
"text": "house is invited by the Governor-General to form the Government. In practice that means that the leader of the party (or coalition of parties) with a majority of members in the House becomes the Prime Minister, who then can nominate other elected members of the government party in both the House and the Senate to become ministers responsible for various portfolios and administer government departments. Bills appropriating money (supply bills) can only be introduced in the lower house and thus only the party with a majority in the lower house can govern. In the current Australian party system, this ensures",
"title": "Australian House of Representatives"
},
{
"id": "7577465",
"text": "of the Crown therein is embodied in the mace (House of Representatives) and Black Rod (Senate), which both bear a crown at their apex. The monarch and viceroy do not, however, participate in the legislative process save for the granting of Royal Assent by the Governor-General. Further, the constitution outlines that the Governor-General alone is responsible for summoning, proroguing, and dissolving parliament, after which the writs for a general election are usually dropped by the Prime Minister at Government House. The new parliamentary session is marked by the State Opening of Parliament, during which either the monarch or the Governor-General",
"title": "Monarchy of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7570231",
"text": "It is bicameral, and has been influenced both by the Westminster system and United States federalism. Under Section 1 of the Constitution of Australia, Parliament consists of three components: the Monarch, the Senate, and the House of Representatives. The Australian Parliament is the world's sixth oldest continuous democracy. The Australian House of Representatives has 150 members, each elected for a flexible term of office not exceeding three years, to represent a single electoral division, commonly referred to as an electorate or seat. Voting within each electorate utilizes the instant-runoff system of preferential voting, which has its origins in Australia. The",
"title": "Politics of Australia"
},
{
"id": "12248671",
"text": "minimum representation in the House of Representatives, or that would alter the boundaries of a State or make any similar change to the State, can be presented for Royal Assent only if it has been approved in that State. A mechanism for the conduct of a referendum is provided by federal statute: Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Act 1984 (Cth). As with elections, voting is compulsory. The Schedule sets out the wording of the oath and the affirmation of allegiance. The Governor-General and members of parliament are required to make a solemn undertaking of allegiance, by oath or affirmation as prescribed by",
"title": "Constitution of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7570245",
"text": "has its own bicameral Parliament, with the exception of Queensland and the two territories, whose Parliaments are unicameral. Each state has a Governor, who undertakes a role equivalent to that of the Governor-General at the federal level, and a Premier, who is the head of government and is equivalent to the Prime Minister. Each state also has its own supreme court, from which appeals can be made to the High Court of Australia. Elections in the six Australian states and two territories are held at least once every four years. In New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and the Australian",
"title": "Politics of Australia"
},
{
"id": "11214258",
"text": "majority in the House of Representatives, he or she may delay advising the Governor-General as to a potential change of government, and may negotiate an agreement with cross-bench members as to whether they will vote with a future government on questions of confidence and supply, and may even delay a final decision until the next House of Representatives sits, to let the House \"test the numbers\" by a formal vote in the House, or may advise the Governor-General to hold fresh elections. In most cases, several weeks can elapse between an election and the swearing-in of a new government. An",
"title": "Caretaker government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "2974695",
"text": "Cabinet of Australia The Cabinet of Australia is the Australian Government's council of senior ministers of the Crown, responsible to Parliament. Ministers are appointed by the Governor-General, on the advice of the Prime Minister, who serve at the former's pleasure. Cabinet meetings are strictly private and occur once a week where vital issues are discussed and policy formulated. The Cabinet is also composed of a number of Cabinet committees focused on governance and specific policy issues. Outside the Cabinet there is an Outer Ministry and also a number of Assistant Ministers, responsible for a specific policy area and reporting directly",
"title": "Cabinet of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177590",
"text": "a majority of all votes, and a majority of votes in a majority of States. The Commonwealth Constitution also provides that the States can agree to refer any of their powers to the Commonwealth. This may be achieved by way of an amendment to the Constitution via referendum (a vote on whether the proposed transfer of power from the States to the Commonwealth, or vice versa, should be implemented). More commonly powers may be transferred by passing other acts of legislation which authorise the transfer and such acts require the legislative agreement of all the state governments involved. This \"transfer\"",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "20630162",
"text": "2018 Australian federal budget The 2018 Australian federal budget is the federal budget to fund government services and operations for the 2018–19 financial year. The budget was presented to the House of Representatives by Treasurer Scott Morrison on 8 May 2018. It is the fifth budget to be handed down by the Liberal/National Coalition since their election to government at the 2013 federal election, and the third and final budget to be handed down by Morrison and the Turnbull Government. In mid-April, Acting Prime Minister Michael McCormack described Treasurer Scott Morrison as \"Santa Claus\" in an interview with the \"Daily",
"title": "2018 Australian federal budget"
},
{
"id": "4177603",
"text": "provides that a Governor-General shall represent the Queen in Australia. In practice, the Governor-General carries out all the functions usually performed by a head of state, without reference to the Queen. Under the conventions of the Westminster system the Governor-General's powers are almost always exercised on the advice of the Prime Minister or other ministers. The Governor-General retains reserve powers similar to those possessed by the Queen in the United Kingdom. These are rarely exercised, but during the Australian constitutional crisis of 1975 Governor-General Sir John Kerr used them independently of the Queen and the Prime Minister. Australia has periodically",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "2045322",
"text": "of 76 members: twelve for each state, and two each for the Northern Territory (including Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands) and the Australian Capital Territory (including Norfolk Island and the Jervis Bay Territory). Senators are elected using the single transferable vote proportional representation system and as a result, the chamber features a multitude of parties vying for power. The governing party or coalition has not held a majority in the Senate since 1981 (except between 2005–2008) and usually needs to negotiate with other parties and Independents to get legislation passed. The lower house, the House of Representatives, currently",
"title": "Parliament of Australia"
},
{
"id": "764195",
"text": "the Queen's representative\". In practice, the Governor-General does not play an active part in the ADF's command structure, and the elected government controls the ADF. The Minister for Defence and several subordinate ministers exercise this control. The Minister acts on most matters alone, though the National Security Committee of Cabinet considers important matters. The Minister then advises the Governor-General who acts as advised in the normal form of executive government. The Commonwealth Government has never been required by the Constitution or legislation to seek parliamentary approval for decisions to deploy military forces overseas or go to war. The ADF's current",
"title": "Australian Defence Force"
},
{
"id": "2121407",
"text": "37 of the Australian Constitution, or in the absence of the Speaker to the Governor-General. A resignation is not effective until it is tendered in writing to the Speaker or Governor-General. If a redistribution has taken place since the last election, the by-election is held on the basis of the boundaries at the time of original election. The Australian Senate has 76 members: each of the six states elects 12 Senators, and the Northern Territory (NT) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) each elect two Senators. The several other Australian Territories have very small populations and are represented by Northern",
"title": "Electoral system of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4028039",
"text": "ministers. In the absence of the Vice-President, quorum is three ministers, one of whom, a senior minister, will preside. In practice, meetings will only be attended by a small number of Councillors rather than the full Cabinet. Most of the powers vested in the Governor-General, such as appointments and the authorisation of budgets, are exercisable only by \"the Governor-General in Council\" – that is, under advice from the Federal Executive Council. The Council acts as a formal ratification body for decisions of the Cabinet. In a parallel manner to the Royal Assent given to legislative Acts by the Governor-General after",
"title": "Federal Executive Council (Australia)"
},
{
"id": "4157291",
"text": "ceded legislative and judicial supremacy to the Commonwealth, but retained powers in all matters not in conflict with the Commonwealth. Western Australia is governed according to the principles of the Westminster system, a form of parliamentary government based on the model of the United Kingdom. Legislative power rests with the Parliament of Western Australia, which consists of The Queen, represented by the Governor of Western Australia, and the two Houses, the Western Australian Legislative Council (the upper house) and the Western Australian Legislative Assembly (the lower house). Executive power rests formally with the Executive Council, which consists of the Governor",
"title": "Government of Western Australia"
},
{
"id": "7555220",
"text": "Australia ranks fifteenth overall in the Center for Global Development's 2012 Commitment to Development Index. Australia's armed forces—the Australian Defence Force (ADF)—comprise the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), the Australian Army and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), in total numbering 81,214 personnel (including 57,982 regulars and 23,232 reservists) . The titular role of Commander-in-Chief is vested in the Governor-General, who appoints a Chief of the Defence Force from one of the armed services on the advice of the government. Day-to-day force operations are under the command of the Chief, while broader administration and the formulation of defence policy is undertaken",
"title": "Australia"
},
{
"id": "719460",
"text": "practice, the Governor-General chooses ministers in accordance with the traditions of the Westminster System that the Government be drawn from the party or coalition of parties that has a majority in the House of Representatives, with the leader of the largest party becoming Prime Minister. These ministers then meet in a council known as Cabinet. Cabinet meetings are strictly private and occur once a week where vital issues are discussed and policy formulated. The Constitution does not recognise the Cabinet as a legal entity; it exists solely by convention. Its decisions do not in and of themselves have legal force.",
"title": "Australian House of Representatives"
},
{
"id": "2045364",
"text": "scrutinising bills and topics referred to them by the chamber; examining the government's budget and activities (in what is called the budget estimates process); and for examining departmental annual reports and activities. Select Committees, which are temporary committees, established in order to deal with particular issues. Domestic Committees, which are responsible for administering aspects of the Parliament's own affairs. These include the Selection Committees of both Houses that determine how the Parliament will deal with particular pieces of legislation and private members business and the Privileges Committees that deal with matters of Parliamentary Privilege. Legislative Scrutiny Committees, which examine legislation",
"title": "Parliament of Australia"
},
{
"id": "5197205",
"text": "Law of Australia The law of Australia comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law. These include the Australian Constitution, legislation enacted by the Federal Parliament and the parliaments of the States and territories of Australia, regulations promulgated by the Executive, and the common law of Australia arising from the decisions of judges. The Australian Constitution is the legal foundation of the Commonwealth of Australia and sets out a federal system of government, dividing power between the federal Government and the States and territories, each of which are separate jurisdictions and have their own system of courts and",
"title": "Law of Australia"
},
{
"id": "16743502",
"text": "made by the Governor-General in his or her capacity as Commander-in-Chief) is done on the advice of the Federal Executive Council. Actual command of the armed forces is wielded by the Minister for Defence, who is responsible for defence policy, and the Chief of the Defence Force, who is responsible for the administration and operation of the military. Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia establishes the executive branch of the Government of Australia. It provides for the exercise of executive power by the Governor-General advised by a Federal Executive Council. Section 61",
"title": "Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia"
},
{
"id": "719453",
"text": "is then divided by this quota to determine the number of members to which each state and territory is entitled. Under the Australian Constitution all original states are guaranteed at least five members. The Federal Parliament itself has decided that the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory should have at least one member each. According to the Constitution, the powers of both Houses are nearly equal, with the consent of both Houses needed to pass legislation. The difference mostly relates to taxation legislation. In practice, by convention, the person who can control a majority of votes in the lower",
"title": "Australian House of Representatives"
},
{
"id": "11780332",
"text": "History of monarchy in Australia Australia is a constitutional monarchy whose Sovereign also serves as Monarch of the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada and eleven other former dependencies of the United Kingdom including Papua New Guinea, which was formerly a dependency of Australia. These countries operate as independent nations, and are known as Commonwealth realms. The history of the Australian monarchy has involved a shifting relationship with both the distant monarch and also the British government. The east coast of Australia was claimed in 1770, by Lieutenant James Cook, in the name of and under instruction from King George III.",
"title": "History of monarchy in Australia"
},
{
"id": "322417",
"text": "the Governor-General's pleasure subject to the Constitution of Australia and constitutional conventions. Scott Morrison has held the office of Prime Minister since 24 August 2018. He received his commission after replacing Malcolm Turnbull as the leader of the Liberal Party, the largest party in the Coalition government, following the Liberal Party leadership spill earlier the same day. The Prime Minister of Australia is appointed by the Governor-General of Australia under Section 64 of the Australian Constitution, which empowers the Governor-General, as the official representative of the Crown, to appoint government ministers of state on the advice of the Prime Minister",
"title": "Prime Minister of Australia"
},
{
"id": "2045348",
"text": "a quorum\" as a tactic to annoy the Government or delay proceedings, particularly when the Opposition feels it has been unfairly treated in the House. The session of the relevant House is suspended until a quorum is present. It is the responsibility of the Government whips to ensure that, when a quorum is called, enough Government members are present to make up a quorum. Both Houses may determine motions by voice vote: the presiding officer puts the question, and, after listening to shouts of \"Aye\" and \"No\" from the members, announces the result. The announcement of the presiding officer settles",
"title": "Parliament of Australia"
},
{
"id": "161990",
"text": "all the other Dominion prime ministers. This, among other things, led to the Statute of Westminster 1931 and to the formal separation of the Crowns of the Dominions. Now, the Queen of Australia is generally bound by constitutional convention to accept the advice of the Australian prime minister and state premiers about Australian and state constitutional matters, respectively. Having agreed to the appointment, the monarch then permits it to be publicly announced in advance, usually several months before the end of the current Governor-General's term. During these months, the person is referred to as the \"Governor-General-designate\". The actual appointment is",
"title": "Governor-General of Australia"
},
{
"id": "2121342",
"text": "Electoral system of Australia The Australian electoral system comprises the laws and processes used for the election of members of the Australian Parliament. The system presently has a number of distinctive features including compulsory enrolment, compulsory voting, majority-preferential instant-runoff voting in single-member seats to elect the lower house, the House of Representatives, and the use of the single transferable vote proportional representation system to elect the upper house, the Senate. The timing of elections is governed by the Constitution and political conventions. Generally, elections are held approximately every three years and are conducted by the independent Australian Electoral Commission (AEC).",
"title": "Electoral system of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7577493",
"text": "for monarchy in Australia after a twenty-year rapid decline following the 1992 \"annus horribilis\". A poll in November 2018 found support for the monarchy has climbed to a record high. Monarchy of Australia The monarchy of Australia concerns the form of government in which a hereditary king or queen serves as the nation's sovereign and head of state. Australia is governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, largely modelled on the Westminster system of parliamentary government, while incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, styled \"Queen of Australia\", who has reigned since 6",
"title": "Monarchy of Australia"
},
{
"id": "8021147",
"text": "Commissioner to make recommendations the Governor and the Commissioner must comply with that recommendation. According to KPMG, in South Australia the Governor may establish, alter and abolish government departments under powers provided in section 26 of the \"Public Service Act 2009\". In Tasmania, administrative arrangements are set out in Administrative Arrangements Orders The orders cover which Minister is responsible for the administration of legislation. In the Northern Territory, according to KPMG, the Administrator of the Northern Territory determines government structural arrangements, acting on the advice of the government of the day. According to KPMG, in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT),",
"title": "Machinery of government"
},
{
"id": "7577451",
"text": "Australian states, according to the state constitutions, by a governor, assisted by a lieutenant-governor. The monarch appoints the Governor-General and the governors, on the advice respectively of the Commonwealth government and each state government. These are now almost the only constitutional functions of the monarch with regard to Australia. Australian constitutional law provides that the monarch of the United Kingdom is also the monarch in Australia. This is understood today to constitute a separate Australian monarchy, the monarch acting with regard to Australian affairs exclusively upon the advice of Australian ministers. Australia is thus one of the Commonwealth realms, sixteen",
"title": "Monarchy of Australia"
},
{
"id": "7555215",
"text": "the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General. The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the \"Norfolk Island Act 1979\" through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government,",
"title": "Australia"
},
{
"id": "7555070",
"text": "Territory and the Australian Capital Territory) have some degree of self-government although less than that of the states. In the self-governing territories, the Australian Parliament retains the full power to legislate, and can override laws made by the territorial institutions, which it has done on rare occasions. For the purposes of Australian (and joint Australia-New Zealand) intergovernmental bodies, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory are treated as if they were states. Each state has a governor, appointed by the Queen, which by convention she does on the advice of the state Premier. The Administrator of the Northern Territory,",
"title": "States and territories of Australia"
},
{
"id": "2045333",
"text": "or to reserve a bill for the Queen's pleasure. However, by convention, the Governor-General does not exercise these powers, other than in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister. The upper house of the Australian Parliament is the Senate, which consists of 76 members. Like the United States Senate, on which it was partly modelled, the Australian Senate includes an equal number of Senators from each state, regardless of population. Unlike it, however, the Australian Senate has always been directly elected. (The US Senate has been directly elected only from 1913.) The Constitution allows Parliament to determine the number",
"title": "Parliament of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4177613",
"text": "the final court of appeal in Australia and has the jurisdiction to hear appeals on matters of both federal and state law. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by federal and State parliaments, and has jurisdiction to interpret the Constitution of Australia. Unlike in the United States, there is only one common law of Australia, rather than separate common laws for each State. The following corporations are prescribed by Acts of Parliament: The following corporate Commonwealth entities are prescribed as Government Business Enterprises (GBEs) by section 5(1) of the Public Governance,",
"title": "Government of Australia"
},
{
"id": "15538588",
"text": "had autocratic powers within the colony, but agitation for representative government began soon after the settlement. A legislative body, the New South Wales Legislative Council, was created in 1825, which was an appointed body whose function was to advise the Governor. On 24 August 1824, 5 members were appointed to the Council, which increased to 7 members in 1825, and between 10 and 15 in 1829. Also in 1829, British sovereignty was extended to cover the whole of Australia, and everyone born in Australia, including Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, became British subjects by birth. The first parliamentary elections in",
"title": "Suffrage in Australia"
},
{
"id": "2974713",
"text": "Statement of Ministerial Standards and issues arising from the Lobbyist Code. The GC is chaired by the Prime Minister with the Deputy Prime Minister (Leader of the National Party) as deputy chair and includes the Minister for Foreign Affairs (Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party), the Attorney-General (Leader of the Government in the Senate), and the Cabinet Secretary. Following the Liberal Party leadership spill on Friday 24 August 2018, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull was replaced as Prime Minister by Scott Morrison. Josh Frydenberg replaced the Minister for Foreign Affairs Julie Bishop as deputy leader of the Liberal Party in the",
"title": "Cabinet of Australia"
},
{
"id": "4728140",
"text": "Minister and its own legislature (the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly), the Federal Parliament retains the right to overrule ACT legislation. While governing the entire ACT, the Legislative Assembly also acts as a municipal government for the city of Canberra. The Governor-General of Australia exercises certain rights that in the states would be exercised by the governor, such as the power to issue writs for elections. At a federal level, the ACT and the NT both elect two members of the House of Representatives and two Senators. The terms of the territory senators are tied to the term of the",
"title": "Capital districts and territories"
},
{
"id": "3645396",
"text": "the threshold for public funding is 6% of the primary vote. The threshold in Victoria, Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory is 4%. South Australia, Tasmania and the Northern Territory do not have public funding for parties and candidates at elections. A series of conventions has evolved covering the conduct of the business of government by ministers, their departments of state, and the Public Service during the \"caretaker period\" of the election. This period begins after the announcement of the election date, when the Governor-General of Australia dissolves the federal parliament on advice from the Prime Minister. It ends",
"title": "Elections in Australia"
},
{
"id": "2121422",
"text": "count the two candidates left have an equal number of votes, he will get to vote in the election by giving a casting vote to the candidate he prefers. This is his personal vote, just like any other elector's, and is awarded at his sole discretion. If a senator's seat becomes vacant mid-term, through disqualification, resignation, death or other cause, the legislature of the relevant state or territory chooses a replacement senator. A senator may resign by tendering the resignation to the President of the Senate or to the Governor-General, as required by section 19 of the Constitution. A resignation",
"title": "Electoral system of Australia"
}
] | who determines who the government will be in australia |
[
"Norma Crane",
"Leonard Frey",
"Paul Mann",
"Molly Picon",
"Topol"
] | [
{
"id": "9408931",
"text": "Fiddler on the Roof (film) Fiddler on the Roof is a 1971 American musical comedy-drama film produced and directed by Norman Jewison. It is an adaptation of the 1964 Broadway musical of the same name, with music composed by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and screenplay by Joseph Stein and based on stories by Sholem Aleichem. Starring Topol, Norma Crane, Leonard Frey, Molly Picon, and Paul Mann, the film centers on Tevye, the father of five daughters, and his attempts to maintain his Jewish religious and cultural traditions as outside influences encroach upon the family's lives. He must cope",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "901905",
"text": "Jewison, and Stein adapted his own book for the screenplay. The casting of Chaim Topol over Zero Mostel for the role of Tevye caused controversy at first. The film received mostly positive reviews from film critics and became the highest-grossing film of 1971. \"Fiddler\" received eight Oscar nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director for Jewison, Best Actor in a Leading Role for Topol, and Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Leonard Frey (as Motel; in the original Broadway production, Frey was the rabbi's son). It won three, including best score/adaptation for arranger-conductor John Williams. In the film version, the",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "9408933",
"text": "three Academy Awards, including Best Music, Scoring Adaptation and Original Song Score for arranger-conductor John Williams. It was nominated for several more, including Best Picture, Best Actor for Topol as Tevye, and Best Supporting Actor for Frey, who played Motel Kamzoil the Tailor. Topol and Frey had performed in stage productions of the musical; Topol as Tevye in the London production and Frey in a minor part as Mendel, the rabbi's son, on Broadway. The film's plot largely follows that of the musical from which it is adapted. In 1905, Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman living in the Ukrainian village",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "9408945",
"text": "the character of Tevye. Principal photography was done at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire, England. Most of the exterior shots were done in SFR Yugoslavia—specifically in Mala Gorica, Lekenik, and Zagreb within the Yugoslav constituent republic of Croatia. Though the area was under heavy snow during location scouting in 1969, during the filming the producers had to ship in marble dust to stand in for snow. Three hundred extras conversant in various foreign languages were used, as were flocks of geese and pigs and their handlers. Isaac Stern performed the violin solos. Director Jewison has a cameo as a rabbi (voice",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "11050955",
"text": "Norma Crane Norma Crane (November 10, 1928 — September 28, 1973) was an actress of stage, film and television. Among her best-known roles was that of Golde in the 1971 film adaptation of \"Fiddler on the Roof\". She starred in \"They Call Me Mister Tibbs!\" and \"Penelope\". She was born in New York City but raised in El Paso, Texas. Born Norma Anna Bella Zuckerman to a Jewish family in New York City and raised in El Paso, Crane studied drama at Texas State College for Women in Denton, and was a member of Elia Kazan's Actors Studio. She made",
"title": "Norma Crane"
},
{
"id": "11050959",
"text": "her last film. She is interred at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles. Norma Crane Norma Crane (November 10, 1928 — September 28, 1973) was an actress of stage, film and television. Among her best-known roles was that of Golde in the 1971 film adaptation of \"Fiddler on the Roof\". She starred in \"They Call Me Mister Tibbs!\" and \"Penelope\". She was born in New York City but raised in El Paso, Texas. Born Norma Anna Bella Zuckerman to a Jewish family in New York City and raised in El Paso, Crane studied drama at Texas State College",
"title": "Norma Crane"
},
{
"id": "4427893",
"text": "Leonard Frey Leonard Frey (September 4, 1938 – August 24, 1988) was an American actor. He is best remembered for his performance in the 1971 film \"Fiddler on the Roof\", which earned him an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor nomination. Frey made his stage debut in an Off-Broadway production of \"Little Mary Sunshine\" and received a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play nomination for \"The National Health\". Frey was born in Brooklyn, New York. After attending James Madison High School, he studied art at Cooper Union, with designs on being a painter, before switching to acting",
"title": "Leonard Frey"
},
{
"id": "4427897",
"text": "ABC's Disney television movie \"Bride of Boogedy\". Frey died at the age 49 of an AIDS-related illness in New York on August 24, 1988. Leonard Frey Leonard Frey (September 4, 1938 – August 24, 1988) was an American actor. He is best remembered for his performance in the 1971 film \"Fiddler on the Roof\", which earned him an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor nomination. Frey made his stage debut in an Off-Broadway production of \"Little Mary Sunshine\" and received a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play nomination for \"The National Health\". Frey was born in Brooklyn,",
"title": "Leonard Frey"
},
{
"id": "16688329",
"text": "Michele Marsh (actress) Michele Marsh (born December 20, 1946), sometimes credited as Michèle Marsh, is a French-American television, theater, and film actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Hodel, the second of Tevye’s five daughters who falls in love with a student radical, in the 1971 film \"Fiddler on the Roof\". She has acted mainly in television and in West Coast theatre. She now resides in Idyllwild, California, where she performs with the Idyllwild Actors Theatre. She was born Michèle Noelle Buhler in Mulhouse, France, to Swiss composer Philippe Henri Buhler (born 1919, Lausanne, Switzerland) and Colette Jeanne",
"title": "Michele Marsh (actress)"
},
{
"id": "9408953",
"text": "Gary Arnold of \"The Washington Post\" stated, \"Jewison's 'Fiddler' is a great film, by which I mean great in the sense that matters most—greatly moving, an extraordinarily powerful, emotional experience.\" Pauline Kael of \"The New Yorker\" called it \"an absolutely smashing movie; it is not especially sensitive, it is far from delicate, and it isn't even particularly imaginative, but it seems to me the most \"powerful\" movie musical ever made.\" American Film Institute recognition Fiddler on the Roof (film) Fiddler on the Roof is a 1971 American musical comedy-drama film produced and directed by Norman Jewison. It is an adaptation",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "7447654",
"text": "Rosalind Harris Rosalind Harris (born March 19, 1950) is an American theater and film actress. She is known for her portrayal of Tzeitel, the eldest daughter of Tevye, in the 1971 film \"Fiddler on the Roof\". She also starred as Tzeitel in the Broadway musical, having replaced Bette Midler. Nearly 20 years after the film, Harris played mother Golde in a touring stage revival of \"Fiddler on the Roof\"; Topol, the Israeli actor who played father Tevye in the film, reprised his role, now playing her husband. Harris also had an extensive theatre career, having performed in leading roles in",
"title": "Rosalind Harris"
},
{
"id": "901896",
"text": "36 previews and 781 performances at the Minskoff Theatre. Alfred Molina, and later Harvey Fierstein, starred as Tevye, and Randy Graff, and later Andrea Martin and Rosie O'Donnell, was Golde. Barbara Barrie and later Nancy Opel played Yente, Laura Michelle Kelly played Hodel and Lea Michele played Sprintze. It was directed by David Leveaux. This production replaced Yente's song \"The Rumor\" with a song for Yente and two other women called \"Topsy-Turvy\". The production was nominated for six Tonys but did not win any. In June 2014, to celebrate the show's 50th anniversary, a gala celebration and reunion was held",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "9408944",
"text": "of Anatevka takes place. The community forms their circle at a crossroad one last time before scattering in different directions. Tevye spots the fiddler and motions to him to come along, symbolizing that even though he must leave his town, his traditions will always be with him. The decision to cast Topol, instead of Zero Mostel, as Tevye was a somewhat controversial one, as the role had originated with Mostel and he had made it famous. Years later, Jewison said he felt Mostel's larger-than-life personality, while fine on stage, would cause film audiences to see him as Mostel, rather than",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "901891",
"text": "designed in the style of Marc Chagall's paintings, was by Boris Aronson. A colorful logo for the production, also inspired by Chagall's work, was designed by Tom Morrow. Chagall reportedly did not like the musical. The cast included Zero Mostel as Tevye the milkman, Maria Karnilova as his wife Golde (each of whom won a Tony for their performances), Beatrice Arthur as Yente the matchmaker, Austin Pendleton as Motel, Bert Convy as Perchik the student revolutionary, Gino Conforti as the fiddler, and Julia Migenes as Hodel. Mostel ad-libbed increasingly as the run went on, \"which drove the authors up the",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "901892",
"text": "wall.\" Joanna Merlin originated the role of Tzeitel, which was later assumed by Bette Midler during the original run. Carol Sawyer was Fruma Sarah, Adrienne Barbeau took a turn as Hodel, and Pia Zadora played the youngest daughter, Bielke. Both Peg Murray and Dolores Wilson made extended appearances as Golde, while other stage actors who have played Tevye include Herschel Bernardi, Theodore Bikel and Harry Goz (in the original Broadway run), and Leonard Nimoy. Mostel's understudy in the original production, Paul Lipson, went on to appear as Tevye in more performances than any other actor (until Chaim Topol), clocking over",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "16688333",
"text": "in 1965 and divorced in 1970. Her second husband was actor Joel Rudnick; they married in 1972 and divorced in 1981. Marsh performs with the Idyllwild Actors Theatre, and also serves as a secretary/hospitality director for the group. Michele Marsh (actress) Michele Marsh (born December 20, 1946), sometimes credited as Michèle Marsh, is a French-American television, theater, and film actress. She is best known for her portrayal of Hodel, the second of Tevye’s five daughters who falls in love with a student radical, in the 1971 film \"Fiddler on the Roof\". She has acted mainly in television and in West",
"title": "Michele Marsh (actress)"
},
{
"id": "901904",
"text": "1969 to May 1970, resuming from September to January 1971 (a total of 292 performances) with Ivan Rebroff as Tevye and Maria Murano as Golde. Another adaptation was produced in 2005 at the théâtre Comédia in Paris with Franck Vincent as Tevye and Isabelle Ferron as Golde. The Stratford Shakespeare Festival produced the musical from April to October 2013 at the Festival Theatre directed and choreographed by Donna Feore. It starred Scott Wentworth as Tevye. The musical receives about 500 amateur productions a year in the US alone. The film version was released in 1971, directed and produced by Norman",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "9395399",
"text": "Neva Small Neva Small (born November 17, 1952) is an American theatrical, film, and television actress and singer. She made her singing debut at the age of 10 at the New York City Opera, and her Broadway debut the following year. She has numerous acting credits on and Off-Broadway. She is best known for her portrayal of Chava, the third of Tevye's five daughters who marries a gentile, in the 1971 film \"Fiddler on the Roof\". Neva Small was born in New York City to Seldan and Berma Small. She grew up in Central Park West. Her mother graduated in",
"title": "Neva Small"
},
{
"id": "4427895",
"text": "and \"The Man Who Came to Dinner\" (1980). He also played Clare Quilty in the Alan Jay Lerner musical \"Lolita, My Love\" which closed, before reaching Broadway, in 1971. Frey was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Motel the tailor in Norman Jewison's 1971 film \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (he had appeared in the original Broadway musical production as Mendel, the rabbi's son). His other film credits included roles in \"The Magic Christian\" (1969), \"Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon\" (1970), \"Where the Buffalo Roam\" (1980), \"Up the Academy\" (1980), and",
"title": "Leonard Frey"
},
{
"id": "16709817",
"text": "Herb Mitchell (actor) Herbert L. Mitchell, Jr. (June 18, 1937 – January 4, 2011), credited as Herb Mitchell and sometimes Herb L. Mitchell, was an American actor, director, and teacher. He was a stockbroker before he made the switch to acting, appearing in films; stage plays such as \"The Fiddler on the Roof\", in which he played the lead role of Tevye; television shows including \"The Practice\", on which he had a recurring role; and commercials, including ones for stock brokerage firms Dean Witter Reynolds and Paine Webber. He was married twice and had five children. Herb Mitchell was born",
"title": "Herb Mitchell (actor)"
},
{
"id": "901897",
"text": "at The Town Hall in New York City to benefit The National Yiddish Theatre – Folksbiene, with appearances by many of the cast members of the various Broadway productions and the 1971 film. The fifth Broadway revival began previews on November 20 and opened on December 20, 2015 at the Broadway Theatre, with concept and choreography based on the original by Jerome Robbins. Bartlett Sher directed, and Hofesh Shechter choreographed. The cast starred Danny Burstein as Tevye, with Jessica Hecht as Golde, Alexandra Silber as Tzeitel, Adam Kantor as Motel, Ben Rappaport as Perchik, Samantha Massell as Hodel and Melanie",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "9408949",
"text": "to Lazar Wolf entering the scene, Tevye speaks to a female servant, who tells him not to touch anything. Although a faithful adaptation of the original stage version, \"Fiddler\" scholar Jan Lisa Huttner has noted several differences between stage and screen. She argues that changes in American culture and politics and developments in Israel led the filmmakers to portray certain characters differently and to offer a different version of Anatevka. For example, the Broadway production cast Bea Arthur as a tall, booming Yente, while the film portrays Yente as tiny and timid. Huttner also notes that the \"Chagall color palette\"",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "5362651",
"text": "Tutte Lemkow Tutte Lemkow (28 August 1918 – 10 November 1991) was a Norwegian actor and dancer, who played mostly villainous roles in British television and films. His chief claims to mainstream familiarity were his roles as \"\"the fiddler\"\" in the film version of \"Fiddler on the Roof\" and the old man (\"Imam\") who translates the Staff of Ra for Indiana Jones in \"Raiders of the Lost Ark\". Lemkow appeared as a dancer in John Huston's 1952 film \"Moulin Rouge\" and in Blake Edwards' \"A Shot in the Dark\" as the Cossack who drinks the poison intended for Peter Sellers'",
"title": "Tutte Lemkow"
},
{
"id": "9022810",
"text": "who had played Jesus is missing. A shepherd and his flock cross the hillside beneath the empty cross (\"John Nineteen Forty-One\"). During filming of \"Fiddler on the Roof\", Barry Dennen, who played Pilate on the concept album, suggested to Norman Jewison that he should direct \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" as a film. After hearing the album, Jewison agreed. The cast consisted mostly of actors from the Broadway show, with Ted Neeley and Carl Anderson starring as Jesus and Judas respectively. Neeley had played a reporter and a leper in the Broadway version, and understudied the role of Jesus. Likewise, Anderson understudied",
"title": "Jesus Christ Superstar (film)"
},
{
"id": "93386",
"text": "Chaim Topol Chaim Topol (, born September 9, 1935), also spelled Haym Topol, mononymously known as Topol, is an Israeli theatrical, film, and television actor, singer, comedian, voice artist, film producer, author, and illustrator. He is best known for his portrayal of Tevye the Dairyman, the lead role in the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\", on both stage and screen, having performed this role more than 3,500 times in shows and revivals from the late 1960s through 2009. Topol began his acting career during his Israeli army service in the Nahal entertainment troupe, and later toured Israel with kibbutz theatre",
"title": "Chaim Topol"
},
{
"id": "16688331",
"text": "King and I\" at the Wharf Theater in Monterey, playing one of the children. After earning her bachelors of fine arts degree, she joined the American Conservatory Theatre in San Francisco. Marsh made her film debut in the 1971 film \"Fiddler on the Roof\". During high school, Marsh had played one of Tevye's younger daughters, Bielke, in the play \"Tevye and His Daughters\". In the film, she portrays the second-eldest daughter, Hodel, who falls in love with Perchik, a student radical who breaks tradition by dancing hand-in-hand with Hodel at her elder sister's wedding. After Perchik asks her to marry",
"title": "Michele Marsh (actress)"
},
{
"id": "93409",
"text": "Topol married Galia Finkelstein in October 1956. They have one son and two daughters. The couple resides in Galia's childhood home in Tel Aviv. Topol's hobbies include sketching and sculpting. Chaim Topol Chaim Topol (, born September 9, 1935), also spelled Haym Topol, mononymously known as Topol, is an Israeli theatrical, film, and television actor, singer, comedian, voice artist, film producer, author, and illustrator. He is best known for his portrayal of Tevye the Dairyman, the lead role in the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\", on both stage and screen, having performed this role more than 3,500 times in shows",
"title": "Chaim Topol"
},
{
"id": "13188850",
"text": "of all races. Alumni of his school include Ruby Dee, Ossie Davis, Sidney Poitier, Al Lewis, and Vic Morrow. Mann's own acting career was based primarily in theatre, beginning when he was sixteen. His onscreen appearances were limited to an episode of the 1950s television serial \"Danger\" and two feature film roles. The first was that of merchant Aleko Sinnikoglou in \"America, America\" (1963) (directed by his friend Elia Kazan) and the last was the village butcher Lazar Wolf in the screen adaptation of \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (1971). He was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting",
"title": "Paul Mann"
},
{
"id": "9408951",
"text": "United Artists profits of $6.1 million, plus distribution profits of $8 million. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an 81% rating based on 37 reviews, with an average of 7.7/10. Roger Ebert thought the story line of the musical was \"quite simply boring\" but still gave the screen version three stars out of four, explaining that director Norman Jewison \"has made as good a film as can be made\" from the material. Gene Siskel awarded three-and-a-half stars out of four, writing that the musical numbers were \"better staged and choreographed than in any recent Broadway film adaptation.\"",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "901893",
"text": "2,000 performances in the role in the original run and several revivals. Florence Stanley took over the role of Yente nine months into the run. The production earned $1,574 for every dollar invested in it. It was nominated for ten Tony Awards, winning nine, including Best Musical, score, book, direction and choreography, and acting awards for Mostel and Karnilova. The original London West End production opened on February 16, 1967, at Her Majesty's Theatre and played for 2,030 performances. It starred Topol as Tevye, a role he had previously played in Tel Aviv, and Miriam Karlin as Golde. Alfie Bass,",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "10774965",
"text": "5 singles, which included the main theme song of \"Live Like a Cop, Die Like a Man\". He also released 2 singles in Japan. Lovelock played his first credited movie part in the Spaghetti western \"Se sei vivo spara\" (1967), directed by Giulio Questi and starring Milian. He had established himself as a reliable character actor in Italian films and television, working steadily from the late 1960s. Among his more notable film roles are \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (where he played Fyedka, a Russian Christian farmer who marries a Jewish girl named Chava, against the wishes of Chava's father; 1971),",
"title": "Ray Lovelock (actor)"
},
{
"id": "901895",
"text": "a limited run (53 performances) at Lincoln Center's New York State Theater. It starred Herschel Bernardi as Tevye and Karnilova as Golde. Other cast members included Liz Larsen, Fyvush Finkel, Lawrence Leritz and Paul Lipson. Robbins directed and choreographed. The third Broadway revival opened on November 18, 1990, and ran for 241 performances at the George Gershwin Theatre. Topol starred as Tevye, and Marcia Lewis was Golde. Robbins' production was reproduced by Ruth Mitchell and choreographer Sammy Dallas Bayes. The production won the Tony Award for Best Revival. A fourth Broadway revival opened on February 26, 2004, and ran for",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "8941066",
"text": "his death. They had three children together. Louis' nephew, Chris Zorich, is a former defensive tackle who played in college for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish and in the National Football League for the Chicago Bears and Washington Redskins. In 1965, Zorich recorded and released an album on Folkways Records, entitled \"Moby Dick: Selections Read by Louis Zorich.\" One of Zorich's first major film roles was the Russian Constable in the 1971 film \"Fiddler on the Roof\". He was featured in \"Popi\" and \"For Pete's Sake\" and played the role of Pete in the 1984 film \"The Muppets Take Manhattan\".",
"title": "Louis Zorich"
},
{
"id": "9408932",
"text": "both with the strong-willed actions of his three older daughters, who wish to marry for love – each one's choice of a husband moves further away from the customs of his faith – and with the edict of the Tsar who evicts the Jews from the town of Anatevka. Throughout the film, Tevye talks to God and directly to the audience, breaking the fourth wall. In these monologues, Tevye ponders tradition, the difficulties of being poor, the Jewish community's constant fear of harassment from their non-Jewish neighbors, and important family decisions. The film was released to critical acclaim and won",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "901916",
"text": "none. The 2007 West End revival was nominated for Olivier Awards for best revival, and Goodman was nominated as best actor. Fiddler on the Roof Fiddler on the Roof is a musical with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and book by Joseph Stein, set in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia in 1905. It is based on \"Tevye and his Daughters\" (or \"Tevye the Dairyman\") and other tales by Sholem Aleichem. The story centers on Tevye, the father of five daughters, and his attempts to maintain his Jewish religious and cultural traditions as outside influences encroach",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "3021245",
"text": "Yvan in a production of \"Art\" from 1998 to 1999. His other Broadway roles include Tevye in the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\" from 2004 to 2005 and Mark Rothko in the play \"Red\" from 2009 to 2010. For his portrayal of Robert Aldrich in the FX anthology television series \"Feud\" (2017), Molina was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and a Primetime Emmy Award. Molina was born in Paddington, London. His father, Esteban Molina, was a Spanish immigrant from Madrid who worked as a waiter and chauffeur. His mother, Giovanna (née Bonelli), was an Italian house-keeper who cleaned rooms",
"title": "Alfred Molina"
},
{
"id": "4412856",
"text": "and went to Tulane University, where he was roommates with film director Bruce Paltrow, and earned a Master's degree in English and theater in 1966. He was a member of the Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity. He earned a second master's degree from Boston University in acting and directing in 1967. After appearing in several Broadway productions, Glaser appeared in his first feature film in 1971, playing Perchik in the film version of \"Fiddler on the Roof\". After having appeared as an extra on NBC's \"The Doctors\", he was cast in the contract role of Dr. Peter Chernak on the daytime",
"title": "Paul Michael Glaser"
},
{
"id": "9408946",
"text": "only) during Tevye's dream sequence. The film follows the plot of the stage play very closely, retaining nearly all of the play's dialogue, although it omits the songs \"Now I Have Everything\" and \"The Rumor (I Just Heard)\". Lyrical portions of \"Tevye's Dream (tailor Motel Kemzoil)\" were omitted to avoid repetition. The film's soundtrack release notably contained some of these omissions, indicating they were removed during filming. These include Golde blessing herself, before going back to sleep. Changes were also made in the song \"Tradition,\" with the film omitting the dialogue between Reb Nachum the beggar (who, in the film,",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "6709833",
"text": "Sunday, Scooler presented a ten-minute weekly show, \"Forward Hour\", which was news and commentary in rhyme. He died in New York City on March 25, 1985, at age 85. Zvee Scooler Zvee Scooler (December 1, 1899 – March 25, 1985) was a Russian-born American actor and radio commentator. He was born in Kamenets-Podolsky (now Ukraine). He performed in both Yiddish and English, on the stage, television, and film. He is probably best known for his roles in \"Fiddler on the Roof\", playing the innkeeper in the Broadway play and the rabbi in the film version. Another of his more notable",
"title": "Zvee Scooler"
},
{
"id": "9408948",
"text": "to start a revolution, was extended in the film. A new song sung by Perchik was recorded (\"Any Day Now\"), but was omitted from the final print; however, it was included in the 2004 reissue of the soundtrack. When the film was re-released to theaters in 1979, 32 minutes were cut, including the songs \"Far from the Home I Love\" and \"Anatevka\". In the film, Tevye and Lazar Wolf discuss Wolf's proposed marriage to Tzeitel in Wolf's home, while in the stage version, the two meet in a tavern. The film shows Wolf's home as filled with golden artifacts. Prior",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "9408947",
"text": "cannot speak) and Lazar Wolf as well as dialogue spoken by Yente and Avram. In addition, in the film, two men argue about whether a horse claimed to be six years old was actually twelve, rather than whether the horse was actually a mule. The LP film soundtrack notably retained their names; Yitzhak and Avram, however this was also omitted the film's release. Instead, an on-set, improvised take of Topol (saying 'he sold him'), rather than the recorded dubbing, was used. Seven additional scenes were added to the film: The scene with Hodel and Perchik, where he plans to leave",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "16709821",
"text": "In the early 1990s, he operated the Company of CharActors Theatre, which performed stage plays, one of which he directed, in Studio City, California. In the 1993 film \"Gettysburg\", set during the American Civil War (1861–65), he portrayed the real-life Union Army flag bearer Sergeant Andrew Jackson Tozier. In the early to mid-2000s, he survived three cancers and then moved back to Blue Hill with his family, where he semi-retired while occasionally appearing in local stage productions. He reprised his role as Tevye in \"Fiddler on the Roof\" in May 1990 and August 2006, again directed by Raiten. He appeared",
"title": "Herb Mitchell (actor)"
},
{
"id": "4640344",
"text": "as the title character in the original Broadway production of \"Fiddler on the Roof\", co-starring with Herschel Bernardi, Maria Karnilova, Julia Migenes, Leonard Frey and Pia Zadora. He got his start on television in 1966, playing the part of Dr. Nick Hunter #1 on \"Search for Tomorrow\". Later soap opera roles were on \"The Secret Storm\" and \"How to Survive a Marriage\". His film credits include \"The Seven-Ups\" with Roy Scheider and Tony LoBianco plus \"F.I.S.T.\" with Sylvester Stallone. In 1976 he co-starred in 2 episodes of The Adams Chronicles as James Madison. Kercheval is most well known for his",
"title": "Ken Kercheval"
},
{
"id": "6709832",
"text": "Zvee Scooler Zvee Scooler (December 1, 1899 – March 25, 1985) was a Russian-born American actor and radio commentator. He was born in Kamenets-Podolsky (now Ukraine). He performed in both Yiddish and English, on the stage, television, and film. He is probably best known for his roles in \"Fiddler on the Roof\", playing the innkeeper in the Broadway play and the rabbi in the film version. Another of his more notable roles was that of Boris' father in Woody Allen's \"Love and Death\". He was known as the Grammeister on WEVD, a Yiddish radio station in New York City. Every",
"title": "Zvee Scooler"
},
{
"id": "5726190",
"text": "Julia Migenes Julia Migenes (born March 13, 1949) is an American soprano working primarily in musical theatre repertoire. She was born on the Lower East Side of New York to a family of Greek and Irish-Puerto Rican descent. She is sometimes credited as Julia Migenes-Johnson. She graduated from The High School of Music & Art in New York City in 1960. Julia Migenes played Tevye's second daughter Hodel, in the original Broadway production of the long-running musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\". She played Ciboletta in the 1973 film \"Eine Nacht in Venedig\" (re-released 2008). She starred in the 1984 film",
"title": "Julia Migenes"
},
{
"id": "1925433",
"text": "in the Menier Chocolate Factory revival of \"Fiddler on the Roof\", running from November 2018 until March 2019. Gold appeared in the 1985 film \"Billy the Kid and the Green Baize Vampire\", as the reporter, Miss Sullivan, and the 2000 film \"Topsy-Turvy\", as Rosina Brandram, one of the original Gilbert and Sullivan performers, who plays Katisha in \"The Mikado\" during the course of the story. Gold has also done a significant amount of radio and recording work and performs in her own cabaret show, which includes some puppeteering. She returned to television in 2011, guest-starring as a judge on a",
"title": "Louise Gold"
},
{
"id": "1725987",
"text": "\"Fiddler on the Roof\". Besides his leading role in the film version of \"Torch Song Trilogy\" co-starring Matthew Broderick and Anne Bancroft, Fierstein's film roles include Woody Allen's \"Bullets over Broadway\", Robin Williams's character's makeup-artist brother in \"Mrs. Doubtfire\", and Merv Green in \"Death to Smoochy\", in addition to parts in \"Garbo Talks\", \"Duplex\", \"Kull the Conqueror\", and \"Independence Day\". He narrated the documentary \"The Times of Harvey Milk\", for which he won a News & Documentary Emmy Award. He also voiced the role of Yao in Disney's animated feature \"Mulan\", a role he later reprised for the video game",
"title": "Harvey Fierstein"
},
{
"id": "3024637",
"text": "year, Thornton played the part of Golde in \"Fiddler on the Roof\" at the Princess Theatre, Melbourne. In 2002 Thornton starred in Australian thriller \"The Pact\", directed by Strathford Hamilton, written by Hugh O'Brien. In 2003 Thornton appeared in \"Mittens\" directed by Emma Freeman. In 2004, she played a geneticist in a four-episode arc on \"MDA\". She shaved her head for her role in the 2005 telemovie \"Little Oberon\". Thornton hosted the Nine Network's \"What's Good For You\". In 2010, she appeared in \"\" as recurring character Geraldine \"Gerry\" Lloyd, an Australian Federal Police detective and investigator for the Wood",
"title": "Sigrid Thornton"
},
{
"id": "2711209",
"text": "repeatedly. When the composers, Rodgers and Hammerstein, realized Bikel was an accomplished folksinger, they wrote the song \"Edelweiss\" specifically for him to sing and accompany himself on the guitar. In 1964, he played Zoltan Karpathy, the dialect expert, in the film version of \"My Fair Lady\". Since his first appearance as Tevye in the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (1967), Bikel had performed the role more often than any other actor (more than 2,000 times). When an injury required 74-year-old fellow Israeli performer Chaim Topol (veteran of many productions of the stage show and star of the motion picture of",
"title": "Theodore Bikel"
},
{
"id": "14577426",
"text": "Junix Inocian Junix Inocian (born Rufino Duran Inocian, Jr.; March 17, 1951 – June 13, 2015) was a Filipino actor and comedian. He starred in various plays, such as \"Miss Saigon\", \"Fiddler on the Roof\", the film version of the Swedish crime novel \"Tatuerad Torso\", and \"Sinbad\". Inocian was born Rufino Duran Inocian, Jr. in Iligan City, Philippines on March 17, 1951. He graduated from Silliman University in Dumaguete City, where he obtained a degree in Theater Arts and underwent further studies in the University of Michigan, where he obtained a degree in acting in 1978. Inocian trained with Mary",
"title": "Junix Inocian"
},
{
"id": "901898",
"text": "Moore as Chava. Judy Kuhn replaced Hecht as Golde on November 22, 2016, for the last five weeks of the run. Designers include Michael Yeargan (sets), Catherine Zuber (costumes) and Donald Holder (lighting). Initial reviews were mostly positive, finding Burstein and the show touching. The production was nominated for three Tony Awards but won none. It closed on December 31, 2016 after 463 performances. \"Fiddler\" was first revived in London in 1983 at the Apollo Victoria Theatre (a four-month season starring Topol) and again in 1994 at the London Palladium for two months and then on tour, again starring Topol,",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "16601460",
"text": "Joanna Merlin Joanna Merlin (born July 15, 1931) is an American actress and casting director who has worked with Stephen Sondheim and starred in the original Broadway production of \"Fiddler on the Roof\". She has written two acting guides and is a faculty member of New York University's graduate acting program. In recent years, she has become known for her recurring role on \"\" as Judge Lena Petrovsky. Joann Ratner, who later took her mother's maiden name, was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Toni Merlin and Harry Ratner, a Jewish grocer. She first acted on stage at age 11, joining",
"title": "Joanna Merlin"
},
{
"id": "93394",
"text": "Actor at the San Francisco International Film Festival and the 1965 Golden Globe for Most Promising Newcomer—Male. \"Sallah Shabati\" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, losing to the Italian-language \"Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow\". In 1966, Topol made his English-language film debut as Abou Ibn Kaqden in the Mickey Marcus biopic \"Cast a Giant Shadow\". Topol came to greatest prominence in his portrayal of Tevye the Dairyman on stage and screen. He first played the lead role in the Israeli production of the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\" in 1966, replacing Shmuel Rodensky for 10 weeks",
"title": "Chaim Topol"
},
{
"id": "6313061",
"text": "Austin Pendleton Austin Campbell Pendleton (born March 27, 1940) is an American actor, playwright, theatre director and instructor. Pendleton was born in Warren, Ohio, the son of Thorn Pendleton, who ran a tool company, and Frances (née Manchester) Pendleton, a professional actress. Austin Pendleton is a graduate of Yale University's School of Drama. Pendleton first received critical acclaim in 1964 for his performance as Motel in the original Broadway cast of \"Fiddler on the Roof\". He appeared in \"The Last Sweet Days of Isaac\" (for which he won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Performance and an Obie Award), \"The",
"title": "Austin Pendleton"
},
{
"id": "93400",
"text": "performance, Topol won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, the Sant Jordi Award for Best Performance in a Foreign Film, and the 1972 David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actor, sharing the latter with Elizabeth Taylor. He was also nominated for the 1971 Academy Award for Best Actor, losing to Gene Hackman in \"The French Connection\". In 1983 Topol reprised the role of Tevye in a revival of \"Fiddler on the Roof\" in West End theatre. In 1989, he played the role in a 30-city U.S. touring production. As he was",
"title": "Chaim Topol"
},
{
"id": "901915",
"text": "was nominated for ten Tony Awards, winning nine, including Best Musical, score, and book, and Robbins won for best direction and choreography. Mostel and Karnilova won as best leading actor and best featured actress. In 1972, the show won a special Tony on becoming the longest-running musical in Broadway history. Its revivals have also been honored. At the 1981 Tony Awards, Bernardi was nominated as best actor. Ten years later, the 1991 revival won for best revival, and Topol was nominated as best actor. The 2004 revival was nominated for six Tony Awards and three Drama Desk Awards but won",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "6337114",
"text": "\"Jewish mother\". Don graduated from Grover Cleveland High School in Reseda, California, in 1972. He played football for the school team, and he won leading roles in the theater arts department. He portrayed John in \"Dark of the Moon\", Sky Masterson in \"Guys and Dolls\", Tevye in \"Fiddler on the Roof\", and, in an award-winning Shakespeare Festival scene, the title role in \"Othello\". Stark has an extensive background in dancing, bodybuilding and martial arts. Don is probably best recognized as Bob Pinciotti, the bumbling next door neighbor of the Foreman family and the father of Donna Pinciotti (Laura Prepon) on",
"title": "Don Stark"
},
{
"id": "901894",
"text": "Lex Goudsmit and Barry Martin eventually took over as Tevye. Topol later played Tevye in the 1971 film adaptation, for which he was nominated for an Academy Award, and in several revivals over the next four decades. The show was revived in London for short seasons in 1983 at the Apollo Victoria Theatre and in 1994 at the London Palladium. The first Broadway revival opened on December 28, 1976, and ran for 176 performances at the Winter Garden Theatre. Zero Mostel starred as Tevye. Robbins directed and choreographed. A second Broadway revival opened on July 9, 1981, and played for",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "15470564",
"text": "for two Tony Awards. The Adler family played the London Palladium with Sophie Tucker in the 1950s. Adler also did some work in films, beginning in 1926 with \"Broken Hearts\". He had an uncredited role as the High Priest in the 1935 film, \"She\". Adler was cast as Aleksei (the priest) for the film \"Tevya\" (1939). The musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\" was based on this film, though this early version of the story was non-musical. His last film role was as a comedian in the 1950 \"Catskill Honeymoon\", Adler and his wife were performing in non-Yiddish theater by the",
"title": "Julius Adler (actor)"
},
{
"id": "901900",
"text": "November 2018 to 9 March 2019, directed by Trevor Nunn and starring Andy Nyman as Tevye. A 2003 national tour played for seven months, with a radical design, directed by Julian Woolford and choreographed by Chris Hocking. The production's minimalist set and costumes were monochromatic, and Fruma-Sarah was represented by a 12-foot puppet. This production was revived in 2008 starring Joe McGann. The show toured the UK again in 2013 and 2014 starring Paul Michael Glaser as Tevye with direction and choreography by Craig Revel Horwood. A revival played at Chichester Festival Theatre from 10 July to 2 September 2017,",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "16709823",
"text": "the Blue Hill home of his daughter Kathy and her husband. Films Television films Television Others Herb Mitchell (actor) Herbert L. Mitchell, Jr. (June 18, 1937 – January 4, 2011), credited as Herb Mitchell and sometimes Herb L. Mitchell, was an American actor, director, and teacher. He was a stockbroker before he made the switch to acting, appearing in films; stage plays such as \"The Fiddler on the Roof\", in which he played the lead role of Tevye; television shows including \"The Practice\", on which he had a recurring role; and commercials, including ones for stock brokerage firms Dean Witter",
"title": "Herb Mitchell (actor)"
},
{
"id": "9408950",
"text": "of the original Broadway production was exchanged for a grittier, more realistic depiction of the village of Anatevka. Because the film follows the stage musical so closely, and the musical did not have an overture, the filmmakers chose to eliminate the customary film overture played before the beginning of most motion pictures shown in a roadshow-style presentation. However, there is a solo by the Fiddler played over the opening credits (after the conclusion of \"Tradition\"), there is an intermission featuring entr'acte music, and exit music is played at the end after the closing credits. The film was a success, earning",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "207546",
"text": "patron, played respectively by John Garfield and Joan Crawford. He was also the featured violin soloist on the soundtrack for the 1971 film of Fiddler on the Roof. In 1999, he appeared in the film \"Music of the Heart\", along with Itzhak Perlman and several other famed violinists, with a youth orchestra led by Meryl Streep (the film was based on the true story of a gifted violin teacher in Harlem who eventually took her musicians to play a concert in Carnegie Hall). In his autobiography, co-authored with Chaim Potok, \"My First 79 Years\", Stern cited Nathan Milstein and Arthur",
"title": "Isaac Stern"
},
{
"id": "19625840",
"text": "Aharon Ipalé Aharon Ipalé (December 27, 1941 – June 27, 2016) was an Israeli-American actor, known for his roles in American and British film and television productions. His credits included \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (1971), \"Innocent Bystanders\" (1972), \"Raid on Entebbe\" (1977), \"Too Hot to Handle\" (1977), \"The Concorde ... Airport '79\" (1979), \"The Happy Hooker Goes Hollywood\" (1980), \"Xanadu\" (1980), \"Who Dares Wins\" (1982), \"Eye of the Widow\" (1991), \"Son of the Pink Panther\" (1993), \"The Mummy\" (1999), and \"The Mummy Returns\" (2001). Ipalé was born in Morocco on December 27, 1941. He arrived in present-day Israel with his",
"title": "Aharon Ipalé"
},
{
"id": "13201385",
"text": "Jessica Rush Jessica Rush (born December 23, 1980) is an American actress and singer. She won the Joseph Jefferson Award in 2014 for her performance in \"\" at the Chicago Shakespeare Theater. Born in Beaumont, Texas, the daughter of performers Ken and Sara Rush, Jessica made her stage debut at the age of ten weeks opposite her father as Motel and Tzeitel's child in \"Fiddler On The Roof\". Her childhood was spent sharing the boards with her parents all across SE Texas. When she was a teenager, the Rush family moved to Orlando, Florida, where she soon went to work",
"title": "Jessica Rush"
},
{
"id": "19911584",
"text": "David Pevsner David Pevsner is an American actor, singer, dancer, and writer. Pevsner appeared in the 1990 revival of \"Fiddler on the Roof\", 1991 revival of \"Rags\", and some other theatrical productions. He also wrote three songs for the 1999 musical \"Naked Boys Singing!\", including \"Perky Little Porn Star.\" He wrote and produced two one-person shows, \"To Bitter and Back\" (2003) and \"Musical Comedy Whore\" (2013). Pevsner portrayed mostly minor roles in films and television. His major screen roles are Ebenezer Scrooge in \"Scrooge & Marley\", the 2012 film adaptation of \"A Christmas Carol\", and Ross Stein in a 2011",
"title": "David Pevsner"
},
{
"id": "6006889",
"text": "Paul Mercier (actor) Paul Mercer (born July 13, 1962) is an American actor, voice actor, director and screenwriter. He is best known for his work as Leon S. Kennedy in \"Resident Evil 4\" and Specter in the \"SOCOM: U.S. Navy SEALs\" video game series. A third-generation stage actor, Mercier made his feature-film debut in \"Wrestling with God\". When he was six years old he took his first bow on stage with his father's community theater group, The Kensington-Garrett Players in Maryland. It wasn't until his senior year in high school, though, while playing Tevye in \"Fiddler on the Roof\" that",
"title": "Paul Mercier (actor)"
},
{
"id": "2915939",
"text": "Zero Mostel Samuel Joel \"Zero\" Mostel (February 28, 1915 – September 8, 1977) was an American actor, singer and comedian of stage and screen, best known for his portrayal of comic characters such as Tevye on stage in \"Fiddler on the Roof\", Pseudolus on stage and on screen in \"A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum\", and Max Bialystock in the original film version of \"The Producers\". Mostel was a student of Don Richardson, and used an acting technique based on muscle memory. He was blacklisted during the 1950s, and his testimony before the House Un-American Activities",
"title": "Zero Mostel"
},
{
"id": "9408943",
"text": "that when Perchik is released, they will join the others in the United States. Chava and her husband Fyedka come to Tevye's house and tell the family that they are leaving for Kraków, Poland, being unable to stay in a place that would force innocent people out. Tevye shows signs of forgiving Chava by murmuring under his breath \"And God be with you,\" silently urging Tzeitel to repeat his words to Chava. Golde calls out to Chava and Fyedka, telling them where they will be living in New York with a relative. The Constable silently watches as the mass evacuation",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "1303028",
"text": "period comedy \"Gaily, Gaily\" (1969), Jewison, having become disenchanted with the political climate in the United States, moved his family to England. At Pinewood Studios northwest of London, and on location in Yugoslavia, he worked on what would become one of the top-grossing films of all time, the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (1971, re-issued 1979), which won three Oscars and was nominated for five others, including Best Picture and Director. During the filming of Fiddler, Jewison was also the subject of the 1971 National Film Board of Canada documentary, \"Norman Jewison, Filmmaker\" directed by Douglas Jackson. Jewison's next project",
"title": "Norman Jewison"
},
{
"id": "901872",
"text": "Best Musical, score, book, direction and choreography. It spawned five Broadway revivals and a highly successful 1971 film adaptation and has enjoyed enduring international popularity. It has also been a popular choice for school and community productions. \"Fiddler on the Roof\" is based on \"Tevye (or \"Tevye the Dairyman\") and his Daughters\", a series of stories by Sholem Aleichem that he wrote in Yiddish between 1894 and 1914 about Jewish life in a village in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia at the turn of the 20th century. It is also influenced by \"Life Is with People\", by Mark",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "5372505",
"text": "within Swansea. Later she trained at RADA in London. After RADA Ruth worked in \"The Black and White Minstrel Show\". Her first husband was the actor Philip Madoc, with whom she appeared in the 1981 TV serial \"The Life and Times of David Lloyd George\". They had a son, Rhys, and a daughter, Lowri, but eventually divorced. In 1971 Ruth Madoc played Fruma Sarah in the film version of the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\", and in 1972 she appeared as Mrs Dai Bread Two in the film of \"Under Milk Wood\". She also appeared regularly in the entertainment programme",
"title": "Ruth Madoc"
},
{
"id": "6313066",
"text": "for the 1979-80 season, and is currently an ensemble member there. His acting credits at Steppenwolf include \"Uncle Vanya\", \"Valparaiso\", and \"Educating Rita\". Omphalos (film) Austin Pendleton Austin Campbell Pendleton (born March 27, 1940) is an American actor, playwright, theatre director and instructor. Pendleton was born in Warren, Ohio, the son of Thorn Pendleton, who ran a tool company, and Frances (née Manchester) Pendleton, a professional actress. Austin Pendleton is a graduate of Yale University's School of Drama. Pendleton first received critical acclaim in 1964 for his performance as Motel in the original Broadway cast of \"Fiddler on the Roof\".",
"title": "Austin Pendleton"
},
{
"id": "9408934",
"text": "of Anatevka, a typical shtetl in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia, compares the lives of the Jews of Anatevka to a fiddler on the roof (who appears throughout the film in this metaphorical role), using tradition to \"scratch out a pleasant, simple tune\" without breaking their necks. In town, Tevye meets Perchik, a radical Marxist from Kiev, who admonishes them for talking but doing nothing about news of Jews being banished from their villages by the tsar. Tevye invites Perchik to stay with his family, offering him room and board in exchange for Perchik tutoring his daughters. Tevye",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "11982546",
"text": "2018. Burstein is married to actress Rebecca Luker and has two sons, Alexander and Zachary. Danny Burstein Danny Burstein (born June 16, 1964) is an American actor of stage and screen, who made his Broadway debut in 1992. He is a six-time Tony Award nominee; for \"The Drowsy Chaperone\" (2006), \"South Pacific\" (2008), \"Follies\" (2012), \"Golden Boy\" (2013), \"Cabaret\" (2014), and \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (2016). He has also won two Drama Desk Awards, three Outer Critics Circle Awards, and received two Grammy Award nominations. His other Broadway credits include \"The Seagull\" (1992), \"Saint Joan\" (1993), and \"Women on the",
"title": "Danny Burstein"
},
{
"id": "9408938",
"text": "and the constable arrive and begin a pogrom, the \"demonstration\" which he had earlier warned Tevye was coming. The constable stops the attack on the wedding celebration after Perchik is wounded in the scuffle with the tsar's men; however, he allows the men to continue destroying property in the village. Tevye and the immediate family stand still, until Tevye angrily orders them to clean up instead of standing around. Tevye silently asks why God allowed this to happen to them. In its original theatrical release, the film was shown with an intermission and entr'acte music. Months later, Perchik prepares to",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "7064485",
"text": "master of ceremonies in the London version of \"Cabaret\". In 1970, he played Pontius Pilate on the album of \"Jesus Christ Superstar\", and he played the same role in the Broadway production (1971). In the same year, he played Mendel in Norman Jewison's film of \"Fiddler on the Roof\". According to Dennen's website, he suggested to Jewison that he direct a film version of \"Jesus Christ Superstar\". Jewison did so, and Dennen played Pilate again (1973). Dennen also played a variety of small parts on American television shows including: \"Batman\", \"Galtar and the Golden Lance\", \"Tales from the Darkside\" and",
"title": "Barry Dennen"
},
{
"id": "7724800",
"text": "a stage actor, Zimmerman has starred in plays such as \"Annie Get Your Gun\", \"Anything Goes\", \"Once in a Lifetime\" and \"West Side Story\", and made his most recent West End appearance in \"Fiddler on the Roof\" at the Savoy Theatre in London. In 2008, he appeared in the touring cast of \"Cabaret\", taking the role of Herr Schultz. Matt Zimmerman (actor) Matt Zimmerman (born 26 December 1934) is a Canadian actor, best known as the voice of Alan Tracy in the 1960s television series \"Thunderbirds\" and sequel films \"Thunderbirds Are Go\" and \"Thunderbird 6\". Born in Greater Sudbury, Ontario,",
"title": "Matt Zimmerman (actor)"
},
{
"id": "9976081",
"text": "Susan Hufford Susan Hufford (December 15, 1938 in Lebanon, Ohio - November 28, 2006), was an actress and psychotherapist, and the widow of television and film actor Michael Zaslow, whom she met when they both were in the Broadway production of \"Fiddler on the Roof\" in the early 1970s. The couple married on June 7, 1975, and were married for 23 years. They had two (adopted) daughters, Marika and Helena. As a member of the ALS Association’s National Board of Trustees and the Greater New York Chapter’s Board of Directors, she was an advocate to raise awareness about ALS and",
"title": "Susan Hufford"
},
{
"id": "2997162",
"text": "Broadway production of \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (1964–66). Zadora's first film was in 1964's widely panned \"Santa Claus Conquers the Martians,\" as Girmar, a young Martian girl. She also sang \"Hooray for Santy Claus\" in that movie, which has become a fan favorite since its 1991 appearance on the movie-mocking TV show \"Mystery Science Theater 3000.\" Zadora's acting career made little headway until, while touring with a musical production in 1972, she met Meshulam Riklis, 30 years her senior. The couple married on September 18, 1977. Not long after her marriage, Zadora had a breakthrough as the Dubonnet Girl, appearing",
"title": "Pia Zadora"
},
{
"id": "12936548",
"text": "the \"supervising editor\" for Richardson's 1965 film, \"The Loved One\", that was produced in Hollywood. Gibbs relocated from England to California in about 1970. From 1971–1989 he had an extended collaboration with Norman Jewison that commenced with the well-received \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (1971) and ultimately extended over five films. Gibbs retired from filmmaking in 2001. Gibbs' editing of \"Tom Jones\" (1962) was nominated for an American Cinema Editors Eddie award. \"Tom Jones\" won the Academy Award for Best Picture, and Richardson received the Academy Award for Best Director for it. Subsequent to his \"New Wave\" films, Gibbs was nominated",
"title": "Antony Gibbs"
},
{
"id": "7096484",
"text": "Herschel Bernardi Herschel Bernardi (October 30, 1923 – May 9, 1986) was an American actor and singer. He is best known for his supporting role in the drama television series \"Peter Gunn\" (1958–1961) and his leading role in the comedy television series \"Arnie\" (1970–1972). Two series earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination and two consecutive Golden Globe Award nominations. On stage, Bernardi appeared in many Broadway musicals. He was nominated for two Tony Awards for his performances in the original production of \"Zorba\" and the 1981 revival of \"Fiddler on the Roof\". Born in New York City, onto the",
"title": "Herschel Bernardi"
},
{
"id": "629428",
"text": "Breakfast at Tiffany's (film) Breakfast at Tiffany's is a 1961 American romantic comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and written by George Axelrod, loosely based on Truman Capote's 1958 novella of the same name. Starring Audrey Hepburn and George Peppard, and featuring Patricia Neal, Buddy Ebsen, Martin Balsam, and Mickey Rooney, the film was initially released on October 5, 1961 by Paramount Pictures. Hepburn's portrayal of Holly Golightly as the naïve, eccentric socialite is generally considered to be the actress's most memorable and identifiable role. Hepburn regarded it as one of her most challenging roles, since she was an introvert",
"title": "Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)"
},
{
"id": "901901",
"text": "directed by Daniel Evans and starring Omid Djalili as Tevye and Tracy-Ann Oberman as Golde. The original Australian production opened on June 16, 1967, at Her Majesty's Theatre in Sydney. It starred Hayes Gordon as Tevye and Brigid Lenihan as Golde. The production ran for two years. The first professional revival tour was staged by the Australian Opera in 1984 with Gordon again playing Tevye. A young Anthony Warlow played Fyedka. In 2005 and 2007, Topol recreated his role as Tevye in Australian productions, with seasons in Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, Wellington and Auckland. The musical was again revived in",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "17409216",
"text": "Adam Kantor Adam Kantor is an American actor and singer. He is best known for his roles on Broadway, most notably Mark Cohen in the closing cast of \"Rent\", which was captured in \"\", Motel in the 2015 revival of \"Fiddler on the Roof\", and as an original cast member in \"The Band's Visit\". Kantor is from Great Neck, Long Island in New York, and describes himself as \"a descendant of Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe\". He graduated from John L. Miller Great Neck North High School and Northwestern University, where he majored in theatre, in 2008. Soon after college,",
"title": "Adam Kantor"
},
{
"id": "18305970",
"text": "of the world's foremost authorities on Venice, he expounded the many lessons Vancouver can learn from the water surrounded Mecca. He received the 1975 Master Teacher Award and the 2008 Honorary Alumnus Award. He was architectural advisor for Canada's National Gallery in Ottawa, was the director of the Vancouver Art Gallery and contributed to Vancouver's design guidelines and policies. After retiring from UBC, Rogatnick began a new career as an actor playing roles—\"usually dying old men\"—in a variety of Hollywood movies and local plays including Fiddler on the Roof at The Vancouver Playhouse. He directed and played his own roles",
"title": "Abraham Rogatnick"
},
{
"id": "11982535",
"text": "Danny Burstein Danny Burstein (born June 16, 1964) is an American actor of stage and screen, who made his Broadway debut in 1992. He is a six-time Tony Award nominee; for \"The Drowsy Chaperone\" (2006), \"South Pacific\" (2008), \"Follies\" (2012), \"Golden Boy\" (2013), \"Cabaret\" (2014), and \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (2016). He has also won two Drama Desk Awards, three Outer Critics Circle Awards, and received two Grammy Award nominations. His other Broadway credits include \"The Seagull\" (1992), \"Saint Joan\" (1993), and \"Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown\" (2010). Burstein's television work includes a feature-length episode of the",
"title": "Danny Burstein"
},
{
"id": "901870",
"text": "Fiddler on the Roof Fiddler on the Roof is a musical with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and book by Joseph Stein, set in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia in 1905. It is based on \"Tevye and his Daughters\" (or \"Tevye the Dairyman\") and other tales by Sholem Aleichem. The story centers on Tevye, the father of five daughters, and his attempts to maintain his Jewish religious and cultural traditions as outside influences encroach upon the family's lives. He must cope both with the strong-willed actions of his three older daughters, who wish to marry",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof"
},
{
"id": "5726191",
"text": "of \"Carmen\". Julia Migenes Julia Migenes (born March 13, 1949) is an American soprano working primarily in musical theatre repertoire. She was born on the Lower East Side of New York to a family of Greek and Irish-Puerto Rican descent. She is sometimes credited as Julia Migenes-Johnson. She graduated from The High School of Music & Art in New York City in 1960. Julia Migenes played Tevye's second daughter Hodel, in the original Broadway production of the long-running musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\". She played Ciboletta in the 1973 film \"Eine Nacht in Venedig\" (re-released 2008). She starred in the",
"title": "Julia Migenes"
},
{
"id": "17256105",
"text": "and raised in Montclair, New Jersey. His father, Stephen Rosenfield, is a teacher of stand-up comedy and the founder of the American Comedy Institute in New York City. His mother, Katherine Mathilde \"Kate\" Redway Rosenfield, is an actress. Rosenfield has one younger brother, Nate. He is Jewish, and has said that he \"used to be rather religious\" despite his family's atheism. His ancestors were from Ukraine, Romania, Denmark, and Scotland. Rosenfield attended Glenfield Middle School where, in eighth grade, he portrayed Tevye in a production of \"Fiddler on the Roof\". He then attended and graduated from Montclair High School in",
"title": "Ben Rosenfield"
},
{
"id": "17927733",
"text": "includes French, Native American, and Irish. Vinyard attended elementary school in Jacksonville, at Riverside Presbyterian Day School. For her secondary education, she attended Episcopal School of Jacksonville, where she explored her passion for acting, under director Katie Black. She earned her B.A. in Theatre Performance at Louisiana State University, and trained under director George Judy, and acting professor, Richard Holben. Vinyard's first major stage role was Annie Sullivan, in \"The Miracle Worker\", followed later by Golde, in \"Fiddler on the Roof\". Film credits include \"The Starving Games\", \"American Horror Story: Coven\", \"Search Party\" and \"Zipper\". Other stage appearances include Nia,",
"title": "Sarah Reid Vinyard"
},
{
"id": "13134129",
"text": "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film) One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a 1975 American comedy-drama film directed by Miloš Forman, based on the 1962 novel \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" by Ken Kesey. The film stars Jack Nicholson, and features a supporting cast of Louise Fletcher, William Redfield, Will Sampson, and Brad Dourif. The film also featured Christopher Lloyd in his film debut. Considered by some to be one of the greatest films ever made, \"One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest\" is No. 33 on the American Film Institute's 100 Years... 100 Movies list. The film",
"title": "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)"
},
{
"id": "2981576",
"text": "Louis Gossett Jr. Louis Cameron Gossett Jr. (born May 27, 1936) is an American actor. He is best known for his Academy Award winning role as Gunnery Sergeant Emil Foley in the 1982 film \"An Officer and a Gentleman\", and his role as Fiddler in the 1977 ABC television miniseries \"Roots\". Gossett has also starred in numerous other film productions including \"A Raisin in the Sun\", \"The Landlord\", \"Skin Game\", \"Travels with My Aunt\", \"The Laughing Policeman\", \"The Deep\", \"Jaws 3-D\", Wolfgang Petersen's \"Enemy Mine\", the \"Iron Eagle\" series, \"Toy Soldiers\" and \"The Punisher\", in an acting career that spans",
"title": "Louis Gossett Jr."
},
{
"id": "9408942",
"text": "or be forced out by the government. Tevye, his family and friends begin packing up to leave, heading for various parts of Europe, Palestine, and the United States. Yente, the Matchmaker, plans to emigrate to Jerusalem, and says goodbye to Golde with an embrace before departing. Lazar Wolf plans to emigrate to Chicago, to live with his former brother in law, whom he detests, but \"a relative is a relative\". Lazar and Tevye share one last embrace before departing. Tevye receives letters from Hodel mentioning that she is working hard while Perchik stays in the Siberian prison. It is hoped",
"title": "Fiddler on the Roof (film)"
},
{
"id": "7301494",
"text": "From U.N.C.L.E.\", \"Bewitched\", \"Hogan's Heroes\", \"Honey West\", \"The Green Hornet\", \"Green Acres\", \"Columbo\", \"Quincy, M.E.\" and \"Hill Street Blues\". He also starred in a Bell Canada series of television commercials called \"The Boss\" in which he played the title role for ten years beginning in 1981. His last role was on \"Homefront\" in 1991. His brother was actor Paul Mann, who appeared in the films \"America America\" and \"Fiddler on the Roof\". Larry Mann died of natural causes on 6 January 2014 in Los Angeles. He was 91. Notes Larry D. Mann Larry D. Mann (18 December 1922 – 6",
"title": "Larry D. Mann"
},
{
"id": "18985941",
"text": "Her first husband was Robert Schlick; they married in 1930 and divorced in 1955. She remarried in 1955 to fellow artist George Theodore Hartmann; he died in 1976. She had one son, Lorenzo Bianco Schlick, who became a dancer best known for appearing in \"Fiddler on the Roof\" on Broadway and in the film version. Larry Bianco (as he was known professionally) died in April 1994, and Pamela Bianco died later that same year, at the age of 87. A retrospective Larry bianco exhibition of Pamela Bianco's works was mounted in 2004 in London. A small collection of her papers,",
"title": "Pamela Bianco"
},
{
"id": "13662530",
"text": "was credited with casting more than 60 movies of the decade, among them; \"Fiddler on the Roof\", \"Harold and Maude\", \"The Cowboys\", \"Deliverance\", \"Rollerball\", \"Silver Streak\", \"Black Sunday\", \"Coming Home,\" \"Convoy,\" \"The Rose,\" \"Superman\" and \"Being There.\" Stalmaster was also responsible for casting TV-shows like \"Combat!\", \"Gunsmoke\", \"The Untouchables\" as well as Academy Award winning movies \"In the Heat of the Night\", \"The Thomas Crown Affair\", \"The Right Stuff\" and Brian De Palma's 1987 motion picture version of \"The Untouchables\". He is the older brother of actor Hal Stalmaster, who played the title role in the 1957 Walt Disney film",
"title": "Lynn Stalmaster"
},
{
"id": "1360417",
"text": "film composition was for the 1958 B movie \"Daddy-O\", and his first screen credit came two years later in \"Because They're Young\". He soon gained notice in Hollywood for his versatility in composing jazz, piano, and symphonic music. Williams received his first Academy Award nomination for his film score for 1967's \"Valley of the Dolls\", and was nominated again for his score for 1969's \"Goodbye, Mr. Chips\". Williams broke through to win his first Academy Award for his film score in the 1971 film \"Fiddler on the Roof\". In 1972, he composed the score for the Robert Altman-directed psychological thriller",
"title": "John Williams"
},
{
"id": "15243825",
"text": "companies including E.S.T., INTAR, Manhattan Class Company, AMAS, and The Negro Ensemble Company. Katz was the spokesman for \"Fiddler on the Roof\" star Topol when he made the controversial move of temporarily leaving the Broadway revival of the show during the first Gulf War to return to Israel as it was weathering scud missile attacks. Katz wrote the movie \"The Pest\" which has gathered a cult following due to its unusual premise. The Houston Chronicle called the film \"Endearing\". The film stars John Leguizamo and Jeffrey Jones (Ferris Bueller's Day Off). Katz did re-writes and dialogue polishes on A Pyromaniac's",
"title": "David Bar Katz"
},
{
"id": "18363299",
"text": "Michael Granger Michael Granger (May 14, 1923 - October 22, 1981) was an American actor. Born Milton Grossman in Kansas City, MO, Granger, he appeared in \"The Big Heat\" and in B movies such as \"Creature With The Atom Brain\", as well as on TV shows including \"Rawhide\", \"Kojak\" and \"The Untouchables\". He created the role of Lazar Wolf, the butcher, in the original Broadway production of \"Fiddler on the Roof\" in 1964, and can be heard on the original cast album singing \"L'Chaim\" with Zero Mostel. He appeared in Henrik Ibsen's \"A Doll's House\" at the Vivian Beaumont Theater",
"title": "Michael Granger"
}
] | who starred in the movie fiddler on the roof |
|
| [
{
"id": "624683",
"text": "from the session, however, the musicians on the famous recording are : Dick Richards, Haley's drummer at the time, confirmed in a 2016 interview with Dutch journalist Gerbren Deves, that it was not him, but Gussak playing drums on the recording. Despite not being members of Bill Haley and His Comets, Gussak and Cedrone were trusted session players that Haley had used before. Cedrone's guitar solo was one that he used before on Bill Haley And The Saddlemen's version of \"Rock the Joint\" in 1952, and is considered one of the classic rock and roll guitar solos of all time.",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "624672",
"text": "Rock Around the Clock \"Rock Around the Clock\" is a rock and roll song in the 12-bar blues format written by Max C. Freedman and James E. Myers (the latter being under the pseudonym \"Jimmy De Knight\") in 1952. The best-known and most successful rendition was recorded by Bill Haley & His Comets in 1954 for American Decca. It was a number one single on both the United States and United Kingdom charts and also re-entered the UK Singles Chart in the 1960s and 1970s. It was not the first rock and roll record, nor was it the first successful",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "5397451",
"text": "in the recording session are \"See You Later Alligator\", the rehearsal prior to \"R-O-C-K\" and the live-on-camera rendition of \"Rudy's Rock\". During the performances of \"Rock Around the Clock\", Franny Beecher is shown playing the guitar for Danny Cedrone, who had originally been on the recording session, and who had died 18 months earlier. Cedrone's guitar work can also be heard on \"ABC Boogie\", the opening bars of which are performed off-camera. Reflecting Alan Freed's real-life concerts and radio broadcasts, film advanced the cause of integration by showing white musicians performing in the same venues as black and Hispanic performers.",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock (film)"
},
{
"id": "5397443",
"text": "Rock Around the Clock (film) Rock Around the Clock is the title of a 1956 musical film that featured Bill Haley and His Comets along with Alan Freed, the Platters, Tony Martinez and His Band and Freddie Bell and His Bellboys. It was produced by B-movie king Sam Katzman (who would produce several Elvis Presley films in the 1960s) and directed by Fred F. Sears. The film was shot over a short period of time in January 1956 and released in March 1956 to capitalize on Haley's success and the popularity of his multimillion-selling recording \"Rock Around the Clock\" that",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock (film)"
},
{
"id": "629541",
"text": "Jones on drums; in addition, lead guitarist Franny Beecher, who had been a session musician for Haley since Danny Cedrone's death in the spring of 1954, became a full-time Comet and Haley's first performing lead guitarist (Cedrone had played the guitar solo on the original recording of \"Rock Around the Clock\" and died shortly after the recording session for \"Shake, Rattle and Roll\" in the summer of 1954). This version of the band became more popular than the earlier manifestation and appeared in several motion pictures over the next few years. Other hits recorded by the band included \"See You",
"title": "Bill Haley & His Comets"
},
{
"id": "5397455",
"text": "cropped for widescreen. Rock Around the Clock (film) Rock Around the Clock is the title of a 1956 musical film that featured Bill Haley and His Comets along with Alan Freed, the Platters, Tony Martinez and His Band and Freddie Bell and His Bellboys. It was produced by B-movie king Sam Katzman (who would produce several Elvis Presley films in the 1960s) and directed by Fred F. Sears. The film was shot over a short period of time in January 1956 and released in March 1956 to capitalize on Haley's success and the popularity of his multimillion-selling recording \"Rock Around",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock (film)"
},
{
"id": "624675",
"text": "preservation in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or artistically significant.\" There are sources that indicate that \"Rock Around the Clock\" was written in 1953, but documents uncovered by historian Jim Dawson indicate it was in fact written in late 1952. The original arrangement of the song bore little resemblance to the version recorded by Haley, and was in fact closer to a popular instrumental of the day called \"The Syncopated Clock\" (written by Leroy Anderson). The song was credited to Myers (as \"Jimmy DeKnight\") and Max C. Freedman when copyrighted on March",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "54171",
"text": "Bill Haley William John Clifton Haley (; July 6, 1925 – February 9, 1981) was an American rock and roll musician. He is credited by many with first popularizing this form of music in the early 1950s with his group Bill Haley & His Comets and million-selling hits such as \"Rock Around the Clock\", \"See You Later, Alligator\", \"Shake, Rattle and Roll\", \"Rocket 88\", \"Skinny Minnie\", and \"Razzle Dazzle\". He has sold over 60 million records worldwide and has been described as the greatest musical pioneer of the 20th century. Bill Haley was born July 6, 1925 in Highland Park,",
"title": "Bill Haley"
},
{
"id": "3954473",
"text": "Billy Williamson (guitarist) William F. Williamson (February 9, 1925 – March 22, 1996) was the American steel guitar player for Bill Haley and His Saddlemen, and its successor group Bill Haley & His Comets, from 1949 to 1963. A founding member of both the Saddlemen and the Comets, Williamson often acted as the band's emcee and comic relief during live concerts; he also played lead guitar on occasion. He was with the band when they recorded \"Rock Around the Clock\" in 1954 and appeared with the band when they performed the song on the Milton Berle Show and the Ed",
"title": "Billy Williamson (guitarist)"
},
{
"id": "16290210",
"text": "His other successful songs, several of which were written with Morty Berk and Frank Capano, included \"Dreamy Old New England Moon\", \"Heartbreaker\" (1947), and \"Tea Leaves\" (1948). Freedman co-wrote the words and music to the landmark song \"Rock Around the Clock\" with \"Jimmy DeKnight\", a pseudonym used by composer, music publisher, and promoter James E. Myers. The song was copyrighted on March 31, 1953, although there is evidence that it was written in 1952. There are also claims that Freedman wrote the song in its entirety. Although Bill Haley & His Comets were supposed to be the first to record",
"title": "Max C. Freedman"
},
{
"id": "7332002",
"text": "Danny Cedrone Donato Joseph \"Danny\" Cedrone (June 20, 1920 – June 17, 1954) was an American guitarist and bandleader, best known for his work with Bill Haley & His Comets on their epochal \"Rock Around the Clock\" in 1954. Cedrone was born in Jamesville, New York. Cedrone's musical career began in the 1940s, but he came into his own in the early 1950s, first as a session guitarist hired by what was then a country and western musical group based out of Chester, Pennsylvania called Bill Haley and His Saddlemen. In 1951, Cedrone played lead on their recording of \"Rocket",
"title": "Danny Cedrone"
},
{
"id": "624684",
"text": "(Cedrone died in a fall down a stairway on June 17, 1954 and never lived to see his contribution become famous and legendary.) The second instrumental break recreates a popular rhythm and blues \"out chorus\" with tenor sax and guitar emulating the rhythm section. The version of \"Rock Around the Clock\" that was used in the movie \"Blackboard Jungle\" differs from the hit single version. The difference is in the two solo breaks. The record has the guitar solo taking the first break and the sax solo taking the second break. The movie version is just the opposite with the",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "5308597",
"text": "James E. Myers James Edward Myers (October 26, 1919 Philadelphia – May 10, 2001 Bonita Springs) was an American songwriter, music publisher, actor, director, producer, and raconteur. Myers is best known as the credited co-writer of \"Rock Around the Clock\" for which he used the pseudonym \"Jimmy DeKnight\". Myers co-wrote the song with Max C. Freedman, though doubt has been cast as to whether Myers actually participated in the writing of the song. In 1999, NPR placed the 1954 recording of the song by Bill Haley and the Comets on the list of the NPR 100, a list of \"the",
"title": "James E. Myers"
},
{
"id": "54200",
"text": "1957 In 1982, Haley's \"Rock Around the Clock\" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings at least 25 years old and with \"qualitative or historical significance\". In December 2017, Haley was inducted into the Rhythm and Blues Hall Of Fame. Bill Haley William John Clifton Haley (; July 6, 1925 – February 9, 1981) was an American rock and roll musician. He is credited by many with first popularizing this form of music in the early 1950s with his group Bill Haley & His Comets and million-selling hits such",
"title": "Bill Haley"
},
{
"id": "624673",
"text": "record of the genre (Bill Haley had American chart success with \"Crazy Man, Crazy\" in 1953, and in 1954, \"Shake, Rattle and Roll\" sung by Big Joe Turner reached No. 1 on the Billboard R&B chart). Haley's recording nevertheless became an anthem for rebellious 1950s youth and is widely considered to be the song that, more than any other, brought rock and roll into mainstream culture around the world. The song is ranked No. 158 on the \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Although first recorded by Italian-American band Sonny Dae and His Knights",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "11019516",
"text": "solely on Bill Haley as the main singer, and included several instrumental recordings, including \"Rudy's Rock\" featuring tenor saxophone player Rudy Pompilli, which was featured (in a different performance) in the motion picture \"Rock Around the Clock\" earlier in the year. Also given the spotlight is guitarist Franny Beecher on \"Goofin' Around\" and \"Blue Comet Blues\", accordion player Johnny Grande on \"A Rockin' Little Tune\", and steel guitar player Billy Williamson sings a solo vocal on a version of Big Joe Turner's \"Hide and Seek\". In addition, two songs - \"Tonight's the Night\" and \"Hey Then, There Now\" were trio",
"title": "Rock 'n Roll Stage Show"
},
{
"id": "624678",
"text": "Haley by Jimmy Myers in the wake of his first national success \"Crazy Man, Crazy\" in 1953, after being copyrighted with the U.S. Library of Congress on March 31. Haley and his Comets began performing the song on stage (Comets bass player Marshall Lytle and drummer Dick Richards say the first performances were in Wildwood, New Jersey at Phil and Eddie's Surf Club), but Dave Miller, his producer, refused to allow Haley to record it for his Essex Records label (Swenson suggests a feud existed between Myers and Miller). Haley himself claimed to have taken the sheet music into the",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "624691",
"text": "Sunday, August 7, 1955, the band performed the song on the Ed Sullivan Show or Toast of the Town hosted by Ed Sullivan. On the heels of the song breaking into the Top 20 in the UK in 1968, Decca began plugging the single in the US, where it briefly re-entered the Billboard charts in June 1968, peaking at #118. \"Rock Around the Clock\" became wildly popular with teenagers around the world. The single, released by independent label Festival Records in Australia, was the biggest-selling recording in the country at the time. Columbia Pictures cashed in on the new craze",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "624700",
"text": "exception of the abbreviated version recorded for \"Happy Days\"). Versions of Haley's song that run longer than 2:10 will lack the electric guitar sound of Danny Cedrone and the double bass lines of Marshall Lytle. Any version recorded after the 1950s will also feature an electric bass player, such versions being included in most general rock compilations. In tribute to the influence of the song and the movie that launched its popularity, the March 29, 2005 50th anniversary of the opening of \"Blackboard Jungle\" was marked by several large celebrations in the United States organized by promoter Martin Lewis under",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "19470746",
"text": "Peter Ford (actor) Peter Newton Ford (born February 5, 1945) is a retired American actor, singer and former President and Co-Founder of Blackoak Development Company. Ford was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of Canadian-American actor Glenn Ford and American actress-dancer Eleanor Powell. As a child Peter's interest in rock and roll music inadvertently contributed to \"Rock Around the Clock\" being chosen as the title track for Blackboard Jungle. Peter graduated from Chadwick High School in Palos Verdes, California in 1962, received an Associate of Arts degree from Santa Monica College in 1966, and graduated, \"cum laude\", from the",
"title": "Peter Ford (actor)"
},
{
"id": "624687",
"text": "was a flop), it was considered a commercial disappointment. It was not until 1955, when \"Rock Around the Clock\" was used under the opening credits of the film \"Blackboard Jungle\", that the song truly took off. Many versions of the story behind how \"Rock Around the Clock\" was chosen for \"Blackboard Jungle\" circulated over the years. Recent research, however, reveals that the song was chosen from the collection of young Peter Ford, the son of \"Blackboard Jungle\" star Glenn Ford and dancer Eleanor Powell. The producers were looking for a song to represent the type of music the youth of",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "3409899",
"text": "supporting role for a young black actor, Sidney Poitier, and early roles for actors Vic Morrow, Jamie Farr and Paul Mazursky. Brooks chose to begin and end the film with the song \"Rock Around the Clock\", bringing rock 'n' roll to a major Hollywood production for the first time and sparking a No. 1 hit for Bill Haley and the Comets. \"Blackboard Jungle\" was nominated for an Oscar for its screenplay, and was MGM's top moneymaker that year. In 1955, Brooks was one of four American auteur filmmakers named as rebels by the French magazine \"Cahiers du Cinéma.\" Box-office success",
"title": "Richard Brooks"
},
{
"id": "16290209",
"text": "Max C. Freedman Maxamus C. Freedman (January 8, 1893 – October 8, 1962) was an American songwriter and lyricist, best remembered for co-writing the song \"Rock Around the Clock\" . Freedman was born in Philadelphia, and became a radio announcer, writer and entertainer, before joining the staff of a music publishing company. He joined ASCAP in 1942. One of his first successes as a writer, credited as Ray Freedman, was \"Sioux City Sue\", a hit record for the song's co-writer Dick Thomas in 1945, and later recorded by many others including Gene Autry, Bing Crosby, Bob Wills and Willie Nelson.",
"title": "Max C. Freedman"
},
{
"id": "1265265",
"text": "Jordan (who was the best selling R&B artist of the 1940s). In 1954, American Decca released \"Rock Around the Clock\" by Bill Haley & His Comets. Produced by Milt Gabler, the recording was initially only moderately successful, but when it was used as the theme song for the 1955 film \"Blackboard Jungle\", it became the first international rock and roll hit, and the first such recording to go to No. 1 on the American musical charts. According to the \"Guinness Book of Records\", it went on to sell 25 million copies, returning to the US and UK charts several times",
"title": "Decca Records"
},
{
"id": "54173",
"text": "from Kentucky and played the banjo and mandolin, and his mother, Maude Green, who was originally from Ulverston in Lancashire, England, was a technically accomplished keyboardist with classical training. Haley told the story that when he made a simulated guitar out of cardboard, his parents bought him a real one. One of his first appearances was in 1938 for a Bethel Junior baseball team entertainment event, performing guitar and songs when he was 13 years old. The anonymous sleeve notes accompanying the 1956 Decca album \"Rock Around The Clock\" describe Haley's early life and career: \"When Bill Haley was fifteen",
"title": "Bill Haley"
},
{
"id": "342421",
"text": "record. Contenders include Goree Carter's \"\" (1949); Jimmy Preston's \"Rock the Joint\" (1949), which was later covered by Bill Haley & His Comets in 1952; and \"Rocket 88\" by Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats (in fact, Ike Turner and his band the Kings of Rhythm), recorded by Sam Phillips for Sun Records in 1951. Four years later, Bill Haley's \"Rock Around the Clock\" (1955) became the first rock and roll song to top \"Billboard\" magazine's main sales and airplay charts, and opened the door worldwide for this new wave of popular culture. It has also been argued that \"That's",
"title": "Rock music"
},
{
"id": "5397450",
"text": "opening verse during a montage, and again at the end where only the last verse is heard. \"See You Later Alligator\" was a brand-new recording, having been taped at Decca's Hollywood studio in December 1955, only a few weeks before filming began. A few months prior to shooting the film, the Comets had undergone a major change in personnel, with several members leaving the group. As a result, most of the songs lip-synched in the film actually feature a different line-up of musicians from those shown performing. The only songs on which all musicians shown on screen were also involved",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock (film)"
},
{
"id": "624694",
"text": "\"Happy Days\" during its first two seasons. In the UK, the song again reached the top 20 and as of 2013 remains the only non-Christmas single to have done so on five separate occasions. The original version was also featured in the 1978 film \"Superman\", heard playing on a car radio just prior to Glenn Ford's final scene in the film; Ford, as noted earlier, had starred in \"Blackboard Jungle\". During the 1970s Haley shortened his performances of \"Rock Around the Clock\", dropping one verse and the second instrumental break from most performances. However, his last known recorded performance of",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "6600228",
"text": "Over Under Sideways Down \"Over Under Sideways Down\" is a 1966 song by English rock group the Yardbirds. Inspired by Bill Haley and His Comets' \"Rock Around the Clock\", Jeff Beck plays both the lead guitar and bass guitar. The song was released as a single in May 1966, two months before the group's self-titled UK album (commonly known as \"Roger the Engineer\" and \"Over Under Sideways Down\" in the US and elsewhere). The single performed well on the record charts – it reached number 10 in the UK and number 13 in the US. \"Over Under Sideways Down\" was",
"title": "Over Under Sideways Down"
},
{
"id": "54181",
"text": "You Later, Alligator\" and he starred in the first rock and roll musical films \"Rock Around the Clock\" and \"Don't Knock the Rock\", both in 1956. Haley was already 30 years old, so he was soon eclipsed in the United States by the younger, sexier Elvis Presley, but continued to enjoy great popularity in Latin America, Europe, and Australia during the 1960s. Bill Haley and the Comets performed \"Rock Around the Clock\" on the \"Texaco Star Theater\" hosted by Milton Berle on Tuesday, May 31, 1955, on NBC in an\" a cappella\" and lip-synched version. Berle predicted that the song",
"title": "Bill Haley"
},
{
"id": "624680",
"text": "a novelty all-white musical group led by Italian-American Paschal Vennitti. The group's subsequent recording, on the Arcade Records label (owned by Haley's manager, Jack Howard), was a regional success, although it sounded very different from what Haley would later record. After leaving Essex Records in the spring of 1954, Bill Haley signed with Decca Records, and the band's first recording session was set for April 12, 1954 at the Pythian Temple studios in New York City. The recording session almost failed to take place because the band was traveling on a ferry that got stuck on a sandbar en route",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "3103246",
"text": "members. Messed-up white kids were there, too, particularly one played by Vic Morrow, depicting that new phenomenon, the juvenile delinquent. Bill Haley's \"Rock Around The Clock\" under the opening credits was the first use of a rock and roll song in a Hollywood film. Richard Brooks, the film's writer and director, had discovered the music when he heard Ford's son, Peter, playing the record at Glenn's home. In \"Interrupted Melody\", he starred with Eleanor Parker, and the Westerns with which he would always be associated included \"Jubal\", \"The Fastest Gun Alive\", \"Cowboy\", \"The Secret of Convict Lake\" with Gene Tierney,",
"title": "Glenn Ford"
},
{
"id": "10347565",
"text": "successful commercial releases ran out in 1960, although the famous Rock Around the Clock was successfully re-released in 1964 and 1974 (Billboard #39, US). The group continued to have chart success in Mexico during the early 1960s where the single \"Florida Twist\" reached no. 1. The song, written by Joe Reisman, was included as the lead track on the band's final album release for Decca Records, \"Strictly Instrumental\", released in December 1959. The track, featuring Franny Beecher on lead guitar and Rudy Pompilli on saxophone, also appeared on the June 1968 U.S. greatest hits compilation album \"Bill Haley's Greatest Hits!\",",
"title": "Joey's Song"
},
{
"id": "13568940",
"text": "Sonny Dae and His Knights Sonny Dae and His Knights was an American vocal and instrumental group in the early 1950s. The group was the first to record the hit song \"Rock Around the Clock\". The group comprised Italian-American singer Sonny Dae (born Paschall Salvatore Vennitti, May 24, 1928 – February 1987), pianist Hal Hogan, guitarist Art Buono, and Mark Bennett (It is unknown which instrument he was playing). It was a novelty group that billed itself as \"instrumental, vocal and fun makers\", and had a regular slot on the Old Dominion Barn Dance radio show in Richmond, Virginia. \"Rock",
"title": "Sonny Dae and His Knights"
},
{
"id": "624703",
"text": "Robert A. Borski of Pennsylvania, which was read into the Congressional Record on March 31, 1993. A band from Belgium named Telex covered it in 1978. They performed the song on \"Top of the Pops\". Haley's version appears in a 2017 TV commercial for Subway's Reuben sandwich promotion. As Bill Haley's best-known recording, there have been dozens of compilation album releases over the years entitled \"Rock Around the Clock\". The most notable of these compilations was the 1955 Decca Records album \"Rock Around the Clock\" (Decca DL 8225) which contained most of the tracks Haley recorded as singles for the",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "3675593",
"text": "was already at the top of the Billboard R&B charts. Other artists with early rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Gene Vincent. Bill Haley's \"Rock Around the Clock\" (1955) became the first rock and roll song to top Billboard magazine's main sales and airplay charts, and opened the door worldwide for this new wave of popular culture. Soon rock and roll was the major force in American record sales and crooners, such as Eddie Fisher, Perry Como, and Patti Page, who had dominated the previous decade of popular music,",
"title": "American rock"
},
{
"id": "629543",
"text": "the song, which was performed by the entire cast of the show. This was one of the earliest nationally televised performances by a rock and roll band and provided the new musical genre a much wider audience. Bill Haley and the Comets were the first rock and roll performers to appear on the CBS television musical variety program \"The Ed Sullivan Show, or Toast of the Town\", on Sunday, August 7, 1955, in a broadcast from the Shakespeare Festival Theater in Stratford, Connecticut. They performed a live version of \"Rock Around the Clock\" featuring Franny Beecher on lead guitar and",
"title": "Bill Haley & His Comets"
},
{
"id": "624682",
"text": "while Sammy Davis, Jr. waited outside the studio for his turn behind the microphone. Decca engineers later combined the two versions into one version. (Comets piano player Johnny Grande tells a slightly different version, claiming that the only reason a second take was recorded was that the drummer made an error.) Many musicians have claimed that they performed on the recording session for \"Rock Around the Clock.\" Song co-writer Myers once claimed he had played drums on the piece, although he also claimed to have been advising the sound mixer in the recording booth. According to the official record sheet",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "19470753",
"text": "Angeles, The Peter Ford Show. He is also the author of \"Glenn Ford: A Life\", a biography of his father published by the University of Wisconsin Press. Peter and his wife Lynda currently reside in Bigfork, Montana. Peter Ford (actor) Peter Newton Ford (born February 5, 1945) is a retired American actor, singer and former President and Co-Founder of Blackoak Development Company. Ford was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of Canadian-American actor Glenn Ford and American actress-dancer Eleanor Powell. As a child Peter's interest in rock and roll music inadvertently contributed to \"Rock Around the Clock\" being chosen",
"title": "Peter Ford (actor)"
},
{
"id": "20340929",
"text": "Heartbeats, A New Rock ‘N’ Roll Musical.[4]inspired by the story of Cannibal and the Headhunters opening for The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl in 1965. Before his teen years while attending St. Barbara School in Brookfield, Jim’s brother Dennis brought home the vinyl 78rpm “Rock Around the Clock” by Bill Haley And His Comets, that accelerated Jimmy’s interest. With money saved, Jim bought his first guitar along with a Mel Bay chord book at the age of 12. Dennis found out the frustrations about how hard it was to push the strings down to the fret board and had an",
"title": "Jim Holvay"
},
{
"id": "624690",
"text": "weeks, and after a three-week break returned there for a further two weeks in January 1956. It re-entered the charts again in September 1956, reaching number 5. The song was re-issued in 1968, when it made number 20, and again in 1974, when it reached number 12. The song's original release saw it become the UK's first million selling single and it went on to sell over 1.4 million copies in total. The band performed the song on the May 31, 1955 episode of the Texaco Star Theater hosted by Milton Berle in an a cappella and lip-synched versions. On",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "6600229",
"text": "ranked number 23 in \"Rolling Stone's\" list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time. An instrumental titled \"Jeff's Boogie\" was used for the B-side. Although credited to Beck, it is based on Chuck Berry's \"Guitar Boogie\" (not the 1940s \"Guitar Boogie\" by Arthur \"Guitar Boogie\" Smith). The song was covered (as \"Overundersidewaysdown\") by New Zealander Alec Bathgate on his 2004 album \"The Indifferent Velvet Void\". Over Under Sideways Down \"Over Under Sideways Down\" is a 1966 song by English rock group the Yardbirds. Inspired by Bill Haley and His Comets' \"Rock Around the Clock\", Jeff Beck plays both",
"title": "Over Under Sideways Down"
},
{
"id": "54183",
"text": "Theater in Hartford, Connecticut. They performed a live version of \"Rock Around the Clock\" with Franny Beecher on lead guitar and Dick Richards on drums. The band made their second appearance on the show on Sunday, April 28, 1957, performing the songs \"Rudy's Rock\" and \"Forty Cups of Coffee\". Bill Haley and the Comets appeared on \"American Bandstand\" hosted by Dick Clark on ABC twice in 1957, on the prime time show October 28, 1957, and on the regular daytime show on November 27, 1957. The band also appeared on Dick Clark's \"Saturday Night Beechnut Show\", also known as \"The",
"title": "Bill Haley"
},
{
"id": "5699073",
"text": "Marshall Lytle Marshall Lytle (September 1, 1933 – May 25, 2013) was an American rock and roll bassist, best known for his work with the groups Bill Haley & His Comets and The Jodimars in the 1950s. He played upright slap bass on the iconic 1950s rock and roll records \"Crazy Man, Crazy\", \"Shake, Rattle and Roll\", and \"Rock Around the Clock\". Born in Old Fort, North Carolina, Lytle was a guitar player before joining Bill Haley's country music group, The Saddlemen, in 1951. But Lytle was hired to play double bass for the group, replacing departing musician Al Rex,",
"title": "Marshall Lytle"
},
{
"id": "624704",
"text": "label in 1954 and 1955. Another notable album release entitled \"Rock Around the Clock\" was the 1970 Hallmark Records UK release \"Rock Around the Clock\" (SHM 668) which was the first British release of a 1968 album entitled \"Bill Haley's Biggest Hits\" which had been released in Sweden by Sonet Records. The album consisted of newly recorded renderings of Haley classics from the 1950s, along with some previously unrecorded songs. Rock Around the Clock \"Rock Around the Clock\" is a rock and roll song in the 12-bar blues format written by Max C. Freedman and James E. Myers (the latter",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "13568943",
"text": "M. Bennett. Bill Haley & The Comets then recorded its version of \"Rock Around the Clock\" on 12 April 1954, following which the song eventually became a worldwide hit. Sonny Dae & His Knights is not known to have made any other recordings. Sonny Dae and His Knights Sonny Dae and His Knights was an American vocal and instrumental group in the early 1950s. The group was the first to record the hit song \"Rock Around the Clock\". The group comprised Italian-American singer Sonny Dae (born Paschall Salvatore Vennitti, May 24, 1928 – February 1987), pianist Hal Hogan, guitarist Art",
"title": "Sonny Dae and His Knights"
},
{
"id": "624695",
"text": "the song, at a November 1979 command performance for Queen Elizabeth II, was a complete version. Following Haley's death in February 1981, a number of major tributes involving \"Rock Around the Clock\" occurred. That fall, a TV special marking the 30th anniversary of \"American Bandstand\" saw an all-star \"supergroup\" perform the song (accompanied by 1950s-era footage of Haley and the Comets). In 1982, Haley's original recording was given the Grammy Hall of Fame Award. An excerpt from the recording was included in \"Haley's Golden Medley\", a hastily compiled single in the \"Stars on 45\" mold which made the UK record",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "624676",
"text": "31, 1953, although its exact authorship is disputed, with many speculating that Freedman wrote the song on his own. There were several earlier songs of the title \"Rock Around the Clock\" (by Hal Singer and Wally Mercer), but they are unrelated to the Freedman/Myers song. In addition, it is sometimes erroneously stated that \"Rock Around the Clock\" is copied from a late-1940s Big Joe Turner recording, \"Around the Clock Blues\". Aside from title similarity, however, the two songs bear little resemblance. There are many blues songs with the theme of partying or making love \"round the clock\", with various actions",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "342167",
"text": "is considered as classic rockabilly. In July 1954, Elvis Presley recorded the regional hit \"That's All Right\" at Sam Phillips' Sun Studio in Memphis. Three months earlier, on April 12, 1954, Bill Haley & His Comets recorded \"Rock Around the Clock\". Although only a minor hit when first released, when used in the opening sequence of the movie \"Blackboard Jungle\" a year later, it set the rock and roll boom in motion. The song became one of the biggest hits in history, and frenzied teens flocked to see Haley and the Comets perform it, causing riots in some cities. \"Rock",
"title": "Rock and roll"
},
{
"id": "624688",
"text": "1955 was listening to, and the elder Ford borrowed several records from his son's collection, one of which was Haley's \"Rock Around the Clock\" and this was the song chosen. In 2004 the song finished at #50 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. On July 9, 1955 \"Rock Around the Clock\" became the first rock and roll recording to hit the top of \"Billboard\"'s Pop charts, a feat it repeated on charts around the world. The song stayed at this place for eight weeks. The record was also no.1 for seven weeks on the",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "1477653",
"text": "tape delay echo, echo, and reverb are some of the terms used to describe one particular aspect of rockabilly recordings. The distinctive reverberation on the early hit records such as \"Rock Around The Clock\" (April 12, 1954, released May 15) by Bill Haley & His Comets was created by recording the band under the domed ceiling of Decca's studio in New York, located in a former ballroom called The Pythian Temple. It was a big, barn-like building with great echo. This same facility would also be used to record other rockabilly musicians such as Buddy Holly and The Rock and",
"title": "Rockabilly"
},
{
"id": "13613540",
"text": "NY, and was working with Thelonious Monk in 1946, credited as bandleader for Monk. Williams also worked with Art Tatum, Fletcher Henderson, Count Basie, Lucky Millinder, Bob Chester, and, according to some sources, played tenor sax on the original recording of Bill Haley's \"Rock Around the Clock\", and \"Shake, Rattle and Roll\". This claim is, however, false. Skippy Williams Elmer, or Elbert, \"Skippy\" Williams (July 27, 1916 – February 28, 1994) was a jazz tenor saxophonist, and musical arranger. First credited as the arranger for some July 12, 1939 recordings for Earl Hines and His Orchestra, Skippy Williams is best",
"title": "Skippy Williams"
},
{
"id": "3954456",
"text": "Paul Custom featured a pair of black single coil P-90 pickups, one of which was a bar magnet P-90. Earlier, he had played a Gibson L-5 acoustic with a cutaway body and a DeArmond pickup, as noted in \"Sound and Glory\", page 100. He played an Epiphone Emperor when he was a member of the Benny Goodman band in 1948 and 1949, which he also played on the Ed Sullivan Show during a performance of \"Rock Around the Clock\". In the Mexican film \"Juventide y rebeldes\" (1961), he is playing either a Gibson ES-345 or ES-355 Stereo. His other guitars",
"title": "Franny Beecher"
},
{
"id": "3954470",
"text": "as \"Rudy's Rock\". Grande was one of the musicians involved in the classic 1954 recording of \"Rock Around the Clock\". He also appeared with the band in most of their motion picture appearances, including \"Rock Around the Clock\" and \"Don't Knock the Rock\". He left the group in either late 1962 or early 1963 (accounts differ), following a tour of Germany. In 1987, he reunited with several other members of the 1954-55 Comets and he continued to tour the world, perform and record with the group for the next twenty years. In the spring of 2006 the onset of ill",
"title": "Johnny Grande"
},
{
"id": "54177",
"text": "to 1 pm), and in 1953, Haley's recording of \"Crazy Man, Crazy\" (co-written by him and his bass player, Marshall Lytle, although Lytle would not receive credit until 2001) became the first rock and roll song to hit the American charts, peaking at number 15 on \"Billboard\" and number 11 on \"Cash Box\". Soon after, the band's name was revised to \"Bill Haley & His Comets\". In 1953, \"Rock Around the Clock\" was recorded by Haley. Initially, it was relatively successful, peaking at number 23 on the \"Billboard\" pop singles chart and staying on the charts for a few weeks.",
"title": "Bill Haley"
},
{
"id": "2735005",
"text": "records the film earned $5,292,000 in the US and Canada and $2,852,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of over $8 million. 1955 Academy Award Nominations: In 2010, Turner Classic Movies (TCM) listed the soundtrack of the movie on its list of the Top 15 Most Influential Movie Soundtracks of all time. TCM described the impact and the influence of the movie: The film marked the rock and roll revolution by featuring Bill Haley & His Comets' \"Rock Around the Clock\", initially a B-side, over the film's opening credits (with a lengthy drum solo introduction, unlike the originally released single), as",
"title": "Blackboard Jungle"
},
{
"id": "629557",
"text": "country music flavor. In 1974, Haley's original Decca recording of \"Rock Around the Clock\" hit the American sales charts once again, thanks to its use in the film \"American Graffiti\" and the television program \"Happy Days\". In February 1976, Haley's saxophone player and best friend, Rudy Pompilli, died of cancer after a nearly 20-year career with the Comets. Haley continued to tour for the next year with a succession of new sax players, but his popularity was waning again, and his 1976 performance in London was critically lambasted in the music media, such as \"Melody Maker\". That year, the group",
"title": "Bill Haley & His Comets"
},
{
"id": "54184",
"text": "Dick Clark Show\", a primetime TV series from New York on March 22, 1958, during the first season and on February 20, 1960, performing \"Rock Around the Clock\", \"Shake, Rattle and Roll\", and \"Tamiami\". Bill Haley was married three times: Bill Haley had at least ten children. John W. Haley, his eldest son, wrote \"Sound and Glory\", a biography of Haley. His youngest daughter, Gina Haley, is a professional musician based in Texas. Scott Haley is an athlete. His youngest son Pedro is also a musician. He also had a daughter, Martha Maria, from his last marriage with Martha Velasco.",
"title": "Bill Haley"
},
{
"id": "19808880",
"text": "Herald Records, and featuring guitarist Mickey Baker. With slightly risqué lyrics, the record was not a hit, but it was heard by record producer Milt Gabler. He produced a version, with slightly altered words referencing the H-bomb but still crediting authorship to Thompson, that was recorded by Bill Haley and the Comets in April that year, and issued as \"Thirteen Women (And Only One Man In Town)\". Haley's record was only a modest success, until what was originally its B-side, \"Rock Around the Clock\", became a worldwide hit in 1955. As a result, Thompson continued to receive royalty payments for",
"title": "Dickie Thompson"
},
{
"id": "5699075",
"text": "Around the Clock\" in 1954 (saxophonist Joey Ambrose is now the only remaining player to have appeared on the original of the classic track). He was paid $41.25 for the three-hour Decca recording session which also included the original A side, \"Thirteen Women (And Only One Man in Town)\". He played a late 1940s model Epiphone B5 upright double bass, purchased in October 1951, for about $275. He used gut strings for the G and D strings while the A and E strings were wound. Lytle's style of playing, which involved slapping the strings to make a percussive sound, is",
"title": "Marshall Lytle"
},
{
"id": "5308606",
"text": "a Foxhole\", and opened a museum in his home dedicated to \"Rock Around the Clock\". Myers died in Bonita Springs, Florida, on May 10, 2001, at the age of 81. James E. Myers James Edward Myers (October 26, 1919 Philadelphia – May 10, 2001 Bonita Springs) was an American songwriter, music publisher, actor, director, producer, and raconteur. Myers is best known as the credited co-writer of \"Rock Around the Clock\" for which he used the pseudonym \"Jimmy DeKnight\". Myers co-wrote the song with Max C. Freedman, though doubt has been cast as to whether Myers actually participated in the writing",
"title": "James E. Myers"
},
{
"id": "7332012",
"text": "Cedrone's solo on \"Rock Around the Clock\" as an influence on their own work. Cedrone fell down a flight of stairs and broke his neck, dying instantly on June 17, 1954. Although well-identified with Bill Haley & His Comets, Cedrone only appears on a handful of the group's recordings. This is a list of the known Haley recordings on which Cedrone is either believed to have performed or has been confirmed, including recordings when the band was known as the Saddlemen. Due to a lack of documentation, Cedrone's involvement in recordings from 1951-52 is not confirmed but is supported by",
"title": "Danny Cedrone"
},
{
"id": "342163",
"text": "Happening Everyday\" (1944), Goree Carter's \"Rock Awhile\" (1949), Jimmy Preston's \"Rock the Joint\" (1949), which was later covered by Bill Haley & His Comets in 1952, \"Rocket 88\" by Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats (Ike Turner and his band The Kings of Rhythm), recorded by Sam Phillips for Sun Records in March 1951. In terms of its wide cultural impact across society in the US and elsewhere, Bill Haley's \"Rock Around the Clock\", recorded in April 1954 but not a commercial success until the following year, is generally recognized as an important milestone, but it was preceded by many",
"title": "Rock and roll"
},
{
"id": "624686",
"text": "Records issued Big Joe Turner's \"Shake, Rattle and Roll\". In relation to \"Rock Around The Clock\", Gabler said: \"I was aware that rock was starting. I knew what was happening in the Philadelphia area, and \"Crazy Man, Crazy\" had been a hit about a year before that. It already was starting and I wanted to take it from there.\" As Gabler intended, \"Rock Around the Clock\" was first issued in May 1954 as a B-side to \"Thirteen Women (and Only One Man in Town).\" While the song did make the American \"Cashbox\" music charts (contrary to popular opinion that it",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "10104794",
"text": "and also used different instrumentation on the track, and more back echo. In particular, Haley's version used a prominent percussive slapped bass played by Marshall Lytle and electric guitar by Danny Cedrone, with a lick he duplicated two years later on \"Rock Around The Clock\". Although Haley's version did not chart when released on Essex Records in 1952, it was enough of a hit in Chicago to win him a short residency in a jazz club there - although this was cut short after many of his black audiences walked out. Nevertheless, Haley's version of \"Rock The Joint\" - three",
"title": "Rock the Joint"
},
{
"id": "6652494",
"text": "The song's title and some of its lyrics are an extension of the old Christmas standard, \"Jingle Bells.\" It makes brief references to other popular songs of the 1950s, such as \"Rock Around the Clock,\" and mentions going to a \"Jingle hop.\" An electric guitar played by Hank Garland can be heard playing the first notes of the chorus of \"Jingle Bells.\" Backup singers were the Anita Kerr Quartet. Helms' original version, on Decca 9-30513 from October 1957, was re-recorded by him on Kapp K-719 in 1965, and yet again in 1967 on Little Darlin' LD-0038. In 1970, Helms recorded",
"title": "Jingle Bell Rock"
},
{
"id": "13568942",
"text": "Dae and His Knights, who recorded and released it (take 6 was the released version) in Philadelphia on 20 March 1954 (recorded, according to some other sources, late in 1953, but the recording date is totally unknown). \"(We're Gonna) Rock Around The Clock To-night!\" was copyrighted on 31 March 1953 in the U.S. Library Of Congress. The recording was released on Howard's Arcade label (label number 123) and reviewed by \"Billboard\" in the R&B section. But the record achieved only modest local success. The B-side was an instrumental with accompanying vocals, \"Moving Guitar\", written by S. Dae, A. Buono and",
"title": "Sonny Dae and His Knights"
},
{
"id": "624692",
"text": "by hiring Haley and his band to star in two quickie movies, \"Rock Around the Clock\" (1956) and \"Don't Knock the Rock\" (1957). In 1957, Haley toured Europe, bringing rock 'n' roll to that continent for the first time. In 1964, Bill Haley and His Comets recorded a sequel song entitled \"Dance Around the Clock\". Haley actually recorded this song on five occasions (a Spanish-language version for Orfeón of Mexico City and an English version for the US label Newtown Records (both in 1964), two live versions for Buddah Records recorded in New York in 1969 (neither of which were",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "1265187",
"text": "Sullivan\", several months before Elvis debuted, Sullivan invited Bill Haley & His Comets to perform their then-current hit \"Rock Around the Clock\" in early August 1955. This was later recognized by CBS and others (including music historian Jim Dawson in his book on \"Rock Around the Clock\") as the first performance of a rock and roll song on a national television program. The Supremes were a special act for \"The Ed Sullivan Show\". In addition to 14 appearances, they were a personal favorite of Sullivan, whom he affectionately called \"The Girls\". Over the five years they performed on the program,",
"title": "The Ed Sullivan Show"
},
{
"id": "7332009",
"text": "would later graduate to full Comets member. Eight months after Cedrone's death, \"Rock Around the Clock\" was included on the opening credits of the film \"Blackboard Jungle\" and became the first rock and roll recording to hit the top of the American charts. Subsequently the song was performed on TV many times by Haley and the Comets; on several occasions (depending upon the demands of the program) the band would lip-synch to the 1954 recording. As a result, footage exists of both Bill Haley (on \"The Milton Berle Show\") and Franny Beecher (\"American Bandstand\" and the 1956 film, \"Rock Around",
"title": "Danny Cedrone"
},
{
"id": "3103248",
"text": "had a supporting role in \"Superman\", as Clark Kent's adoptive father, Jonathan Kent, a role that introduced Ford to a new generation of film audiences. In Ford's final scene in the film, the theme song from \"Blackboard Jungle\", \"Rock Around the Clock\", is heard on a car radio. Unusual for a World War II veteran, most of whom were only too happy to be finished with the war, Ford joined up for yet a third time in 1958. He entered the U.S. Naval Reserve, was commissioned as a lieutenant commander and made a public affairs officer – ironically, the very",
"title": "Glenn Ford"
},
{
"id": "624677",
"text": "specified at various hours. However, the verse melody of \"Rock Around the Clock\" does bear a very close similarity to that of Hank Williams' first hit, \"Move It On Over\", from 1947. Williams' song was very similar to Charley Patton's \"Going to Move to Alabama\", recorded in 1929 – which itself was at least partly derived from Jim Jackson's \"Kansas City Blues\" from 1927. The song also uses phrases from Count Basie's \"Red Wagon\", first recorded in 1939. According to the Haley biographies \"Bill Haley\" by John Swenson and \"Rock Around the Clock\" by Dawson, the song was offered to",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "4198667",
"text": "Brazilian rock Brazilian rock refers to rock music produced in Brazil and usually sung in Portuguese. In the 1960s it was known as \"iê-iê-iê\", originating from the Portuguese translation of the \"yeah, yeah, yeah\" Beatles lyrics. Rock entered the Brazilian music scene in 1956, with the screening of the film \"The Blackboard Jungle\", featuring Bill Haley's \"Rock Around the Clock\", which would later be covered in Portuguese by Nora Ney. The electric guitar was already used in Brazil in 1948, in Salvador carnival bloc of . They invented the famous \"pau elétrico\" (), the first electric guitar without microphonic feedback,",
"title": "Brazilian rock"
},
{
"id": "342168",
"text": "Around the Clock\" was a breakthrough for both the group and for all of rock and roll music. If everything that came before laid the groundwork, \"Rock Around the Clock\" introduced the music to a global audience. In 1956, the arrival of rockabilly was underlined by the success of songs like \"Folsom Prison Blues\" by Johnny Cash, \"Blue Suede Shoes\" by Perkins and the #1 hit \"Heartbreak Hotel\" by Presley. For a few years it became the most commercially successful form of rock and roll. Later rockabilly acts, particularly performing songwriters like Buddy Holly, would be a major influence on",
"title": "Rock and roll"
},
{
"id": "624674",
"text": "on March 20, 1954, Myers claimed the song had been written specifically for Haley but, for various reasons, Haley was unable to record it himself until April 12, 1954. The original full title of the song was \"We're Gonna Rock Around the Clock Tonight!\". This was later shortened to \"(We're Gonna) Rock Around the Clock\", though this form is generally only used on releases of the 1954 Bill Haley Decca Records recording; most other recordings of this song by Haley and others (including Sonny Dae) shorten this title further to \"Rock Around the Clock\". In 2018, it was selected for",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "17277217",
"text": "trumpeter Hot Lips Page, possibly on Page's \"The Egg or the Hen\" (1949), a song Theard may also have co-written. In 1950, he co-wrote, and recorded with Hal Singer for Mercury Records, \"Rock Around the Clock\". The song was different from, but partly inspired, the later song recorded by Bill Haley. Theard co-wrote several other songs, including \"I've Been Around\" with Henry Glover, and with the pianist Teddy Brannon, \"If You See My Baby\", recorded by Count Basie in 1950. \"Stormy Night Blues\", co-written with Henry Glover and Teddy Brannon was recorded by Wynonie Harris in 1950, and the following",
"title": "Sam Theard"
},
{
"id": "5699084",
"text": "Pingatore, and \"Viagra Rock\" with Warren Farren. Marshall Lytle Marshall Lytle (September 1, 1933 – May 25, 2013) was an American rock and roll bassist, best known for his work with the groups Bill Haley & His Comets and The Jodimars in the 1950s. He played upright slap bass on the iconic 1950s rock and roll records \"Crazy Man, Crazy\", \"Shake, Rattle and Roll\", and \"Rock Around the Clock\". Born in Old Fort, North Carolina, Lytle was a guitar player before joining Bill Haley's country music group, The Saddlemen, in 1951. But Lytle was hired to play double bass for",
"title": "Marshall Lytle"
},
{
"id": "624693",
"text": "released for 25 years), and once more in Nashville, Tennessee for the Swedish Sonet Records label in 1970). Despite these efforts, the song was not a commercial success. Haley would re-record \"Rock Around the Clock\" many times over the years (even scoring a substantial hit with a version recorded for Sonet Records in 1968), but never recaptured the magic. In 1974, the original version of the song returned to the American charts when it was used as the theme for the movie \"American Graffiti\" and a re-recorded version by Haley was used as the opening theme for the TV series",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "624689",
"text": "\"Cashbox\" pop singles chart in 1955. The Bill Haley version also hit number three on the R&B charts. \"Billboard\" ranked it as the No. 2 song for 1955. In the UK, Haley's \"Rock Around the Clock\" was released on Brunswick Records (and Germany as well), reaching number 17 on the UK Singles Chart in January 1955, four months before it first entered the US pop charts. (Coincidentally, it reached the same position as was reached by The Beatles' first single, \"Love Me Do\", in 1962.) The song re-entered the UK chart to reach number one in November 1955 for three",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "523636",
"text": "Brian May Brian Harold May, (born 19 July 1947) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and photographer. He is best known as the lead guitarist of the rock band Queen. In 2001, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of the band's members; and in 2018, he received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award which recognises \"the most distinctive recordings in music history\". He uses a home-built electric guitar called the Red Special. His compositions for the band include \"We Will Rock You\", \"Tie Your Mother Down\", \"I Want It All\", \"Fat Bottomed Girls\", \"Flash\",",
"title": "Brian May"
},
{
"id": "2071007",
"text": "1958. Bill Haley & His Comets from Chester had a #1 hit with \"Rock Around the Clock\" in 1955. This was a number-one single in the U.S. and was the first successful rock and roll song. Formed in 1964, Harrisburg-based The Magnificent Men, became the only white act to ever headline New York 's legendary Apollo Theatre and the other major stops on the rhythm and blues chitlin circuit. In 1967, they got to back James Brown as he filled in for an absent headliner. Despite the last minute nature of the arrangement, the Godfather was floored by the band’s",
"title": "Music of Pennsylvania"
},
{
"id": "629531",
"text": "recorded for the Philadelphia-based Holiday Records label in 1951. It sold well and was followed in 1952 by a cover of a 1940s rhythm and blues song called \"Rock the Joint\" (this time for Holiday's sister company, Essex Records). Slap-back bass, one identifying characteristic of rockabilly, was used on the Comets' recordings of \"Rocket 88\", \"Rock the Joint\", \"Rock Around the Clock\", and \"Shake, Rattle, and Roll\". The bass guitarist would literally slap the back of the instrument with his hand, for an impromptu drum effect. Slap-back had been used by bassist Al Rex, although to a lesser extent, on",
"title": "Bill Haley & His Comets"
},
{
"id": "624699",
"text": "released to vinyl at a running time of 2 minutes and 8 seconds, most digital/CD releases of the original 1954 recording, starting with the \"From The Original Master Tapes\" compilation of Bill's work with Decca Records, mastered by Steve Hoffman and released in 1985, clock in at 2:10. This is due to the inclusion of a \"count-in\" by one of the Comets (saying, \"One...two\") at the very start of the song. This was never included in the original single or album releases of the song. (All of Haley's subsequent studio rerecordings of the song run longer than 2:10 with the",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "4505341",
"text": "in New York, where he could better control the sessions. During the recording sessions, Nilsson ruptured one of his vocal cords but chose to keep this from Lennon. He forced himself to push through the sessions, which caused even more damage, that some say he never quite recovered from. Among the many musicians on \"Pussy Cats\" are drummers Ringo Starr, Keith Moon and Jim Keltner, who actually all play together (on three drum kits) on the closing track, \"Rock Around the Clock\". Other contributors include Jesse Ed Davis, Klaus Voormann, and Bobby Keys. After the first night of recording, March",
"title": "Pussy Cats"
},
{
"id": "15721143",
"text": "Rudy's Rock Rudy's Rock is a 1956 instrumental composed by Bill Haley and Rudy Pompilli and released as a Decca single. The song appeared in the 1956 Columbia Pictures movie \"Rock Around the Clock\". The saxophone solo was by Rudy Pompilli, who played tenor saxophone in the band. The instrumental consisted of an extended saxophone solo by Pompilli with a drumming interlude performed by Ralph Jones. \"Rudy's Rock\" was released as a Decca 78, 30085A, backed with \"Blue Comet Blues\" in 1956.. The single reached #34 on \"Billboard\" and #38 on \"Cash Box\". In the UK, the single reached #30",
"title": "Rudy's Rock"
},
{
"id": "15721148",
"text": "Rudy's Rock Rudy's Rock is a 1956 instrumental composed by Bill Haley and Rudy Pompilli and released as a Decca single. The song appeared in the 1956 Columbia Pictures movie \"Rock Around the Clock\". The saxophone solo was by Rudy Pompilli, who played tenor saxophone in the band. The instrumental consisted of an extended saxophone solo by Pompilli with a drumming interlude performed by Ralph Jones. \"Rudy's Rock\" was released as a Decca 78, 30085A, backed with \"Blue Comet Blues\" in 1956.. The single reached #34 on \"Billboard\" and #38 on \"Cash Box\". In the UK, the single reached #30",
"title": "Rudy's Rock"
},
{
"id": "624681",
"text": "to New York from Philadelphia. Once at the studio, producer Milt Gabler (uncle of actor Billy Crystal, who had produced Louis Jordan as well as Billie Holiday), insisted the band work on a song entitled \"Thirteen Women (and Only One Man in Town)\" (previously written and recorded by Dickie Thompson), which Gabler wanted to promote as the A-side of the group's first single for Decca. Near the end of the session, the band finally recorded a take of \"Rock Around the Clock,\" but Haley's vocals were drowned out by the band. A second take was quickly made with minimal accompaniment",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "629565",
"text": "the Comets between gigs and during Haley's retirement. This group rerecorded \"Rock Around the Clock\" for the television series \"Happy Days\". The Comets, featuring musicians who performed with Haley in 1954–1955, reunited in 1987 and are still touring the world as of 2007, playing showrooms in the United States and Europe. They have also recorded a half-dozen albums for small labels in Europe and the United States. This version of the group has also been credited as Bill Haley's Original Comets and, in circumstances in which the use of the Comets name is in dispute, A Tribute to Bill Haley",
"title": "Bill Haley & His Comets"
},
{
"id": "54180",
"text": "new style of music. With the song's success, the age of rock music began overnight and ended the dominance of the jazz and pop standards performed by Frank Sinatra, Jo Stafford, Perry Como, Bing Crosby, and others. Nevertheless, in the United Kingdom, Haley was supported by former Dankworth Seven lead vocalist Frank Holder among others. \"Rock Around the Clock\" was the first record to sell over one million copies in both Britain and Germany. Later on in 1957, Haley became the first major American rock singer to tour Europe. Haley continued to score hits throughout the 1950s such as \"See",
"title": "Bill Haley"
},
{
"id": "1503303",
"text": "MCA. One notable example was the 1954 Decca recording \"Rock Around the Clock\" by Bill Haley & His Comets, which was featured as the lead track of MCA's No. 1-charting \"American Graffiti\" soundtrack album, and as a single returned to the American top 40 that year, 20 years after it was recorded. In 1977 MCA president Sidney Sheinberg set up the Infinity Records division, based in New York City with Ron Alexenberg as CEO. Alexenberg had been with the Epic division of CBS Records, now Sony Music Entertainment. The intention was to give MCA a stronger presence on the East",
"title": "MCA Records"
},
{
"id": "2156711",
"text": "created by the show's incidental music composer Keff McCulloch. The songs featured in the serial were: \"Rock Around the Clock\"; \"Singing the Blues\"; \"Why Do Fools Fall in Love\"; \"Mr. Sandman\"; \"Goodnite, Sweetheart, Goodnite\"; \"That'll Be the Day\"; \"Only You\"; \"Lollipop\"; \"Who's Sorry Now?\" and \"Happy Days Are Here Again\". McCoy can be seen wearing his glasses in certain long shots of him riding a motorcycle. The motorbike itself a Vincent, made by British manufacturer Vincent Motorcycles. The guitar McCoy is seen hugging at the end of the story is a Squier Stratocaster by Fender, although the model is not",
"title": "Delta and the Bannermen"
},
{
"id": "8442371",
"text": "to replace its theme song, Bill Haley and the Comets' \"Rock Around the Clock\", with a new song written especially for the show. The tune was written by Norman Gimbel and Charles Fox, who also wrote themes for \"Love, American Style\", \"Wonder Woman\", \"Laverne & Shirley\", and \"The Love Boat\". Omartian was chosen to produce the song, and he recommended Pratt & McClain to record it. Multiple short arrangements were produced for the show and its promotional vehicles, and a full-length version was recorded for popular release. \"Happy Days\" went to No. 5 in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in",
"title": "Pratt & McClain"
},
{
"id": "12931091",
"text": "George Assang George Assang (1927–1997) was an Australian jazz and blues singer and actor from Thursday Island, Queensland, Australia. He performed under his own name and the stage name Vic Sabrino. Assang was of Aboriginal, Pacific Islander, and Asian descent. As Vic Sabrino he may have made the first Australian Rock'n'Roll recording. A single he recorded with French-jazz artist Red Perksey and his orchestra included a version of the Rock Around The Clock. This single may have been recorded in 1955, some three years before Johnny O'Keefe's recording of Wild One in 1958. As an actor he featured un television",
"title": "George Assang"
},
{
"id": "628854",
"text": "historian Paul Grushkin wrote: Michael Campbell wrote, in \"Popular Music in America: And The Beat Goes On\": Ike Turner himself said, in an interview with Holger Petersen: A second version of \"Rocket 88\" was recorded by the then-country music group Bill Haley and the Saddlemen (who would later rename themselves The Comets) at a recording session on June 14, 1951, after Turner recorded his version. Haley's recording was a regional hit in the northeast United States and started Haley along the musical road which led to his own impact on popular music with \"Rock Around the Clock\" in 1955. Upright",
"title": "Rocket 88"
},
{
"id": "624697",
"text": "Around the Clock\" is often cited as the biggest-selling vinyl rock and roll single of all time. The exact number of copies sold has never been audited; however, a figure of at least 25 million was cited by the \"Guinness Book of World Records\" in its category \"Phonograph records: Biggest Sellers\" from the early 1970s until the 1990s, when the advent of compact discs led to Guinness discontinuing the category. Guinness consistently listed \"Rock Around the Clock\" as having the highest claim of any pop music recording, coming second in sales only to Bing Crosby's 1942 recording of \"White Christmas\",",
"title": "Rock Around the Clock"
},
{
"id": "5004393",
"text": "200A. Songs such as Nat King Cole performing \"Unforgettable\" (1952 Capitol Records), Frank Sinatra performing \"Young at Heart\" (1953 Capitol Records), and Bill Haley performing \"(We're Gonna) Rock Around the Clock\" (1954 Decca Records), were recorded on an Ampex 200A. In 2008, Stolaroff was among the folks representing Ampex at the 50th Annual Grammy Awards Ceremony to accept the company's first Grammy Award for Technical Achievement, in honor of their contribution sixty years earlier of the Ampex 200A, which \"revolutionized the radio and recording industries\". In 1960, Stolaroff established the International Foundation for Advanced Study in Menlo Park, a non-profit",
"title": "Myron Stolaroff"
},
{
"id": "8290719",
"text": "realised that god is beyond religion.' Remo's first introduction to rock was at the age of seven, when a cousin returned from London with \"Rock Around The Clock\", a record by Bill Haley & His Comets. He claims that it changed his life forever. He spent the next decade listening to music of that era's most popular icons: In school Remo developed natural guitar playing skills and along with a talented group of friends, Alexandre Rosario, Tony Godinho, and Caetano Abreu, formed a school band named \"The Beat 4\". He wrote his first songs around this time, at age 14,",
"title": "Remo Fernandes"
},
{
"id": "7354382",
"text": "and the same session that produced \"I Saw the Light,\" \"(Last Night) I Heard You Crying in Your Sleep,\" and \"Six More Miles to the Graveyard.\" Nashville had no session men during this period, so producer Fred Rose hired Red Foley's backing band, one of the sharpest around, to back Williams. As biographer Colin Escott observes, Rose probably felt the instrumental break needed a touch of class to smooth out Williams' hillbilly edges, and the band, especially guitarist Zeke Turner, was likely too fancy for the singer's taste. Many claim the song resembles a song \"Rock Around the Clock,\" released",
"title": "Move It On Over (song)"
},
{
"id": "3954450",
"text": "to play a more basic style than I was used to, more country really, they called it rockabilly.\" At the time Beecher began working for Haley's group, Haley did not employ a full-time lead guitarist who would also play on live shows and TV appearances (such duties were usually handled by Haley himself or steel guitarist Billy Williamson). In August 1955, Beecher appeared for the first time on national TV with the Comets performing \"Rock Around the Clock\", and soon afterward was promoted to a full-time member of the band, appearing with the group in the films \"Rock Around the",
"title": "Franny Beecher"
},
{
"id": "5308602",
"text": "has yet to be definitively confirmed. A later claim by Myers (cited in John Swenson's biography \"Bill Haley: The Daddy of Rock and Roll\") that he played drums on \"Rock Around the Clock\" has been debunked by the existence of an official recording session document indicating the drummer was Billy Gussak. The relationship between Myers and Haley collapsed in 1955-56 when Myers began providing songs to The Jodimars, a group made up of former Comets. Myers co-wrote the song \"Rattle My Bones\" with Jesse Stone for The Jodimars in 1956, which was released as the B side of a single",
"title": "James E. Myers"
}
] | who played the guitar in rock around the clock |
|
| [
{
"id": "3825425",
"text": "attempt to create the paradisaical \"Kingdom of Summer\". Arthur is made Duke and Battlechief of Britain after drawing the sword of Maximus from a stone, but must fight back the Saecsens and barbarian invaders and unite the peoples of Britain before he can be accepted as High King. Narrated by Myrddin. Tells of an invasion of Ireland and Britain by the Vandal army of Twrch Trwyth, the Black Boar, and a subsequent plague that sweeps across Britain, threatening Arthur's Kingdom of Summer while it is still newborn. Narrated by Gwalchavad (majority) and Morgian \"(short narration at each chapter's beginning)\". Tells",
"title": "The Pendragon Cycle"
},
{
"id": "7423478",
"text": "to gather recruits on his way to Bosworth. His reign over England was believed by some to be the fulfilment of the prophecy; a belief that he actively encouraged by naming his firstborn son Arthur Tudor. Prince Arthur came of age as Prince of Wales in 1501 and after marrying governed the Principality from its \"de facto\" capital at Ludlow and reversed some of the most oppressive laws established in Wales at the defeat of Owain Glyndwr. However, he died only one year later and Britain never saw another king named Arthur. His younger brother Henry became Prince of Wales",
"title": "Mab Darogan"
},
{
"id": "13356834",
"text": "Pendragon's Banner Pendragon's Banner is an historical fantasy trilogy by the British author Helen Hollick, published by William Heinemann in 1994, and later by Sourcebooks Inc in 2009 and by SilverWood Books in 2011. The three books are a re-telling of the King Arthur legend. They look to show Arthur Pendragon as he might have really been - no magic, fantasy or medieval legend. This is the basic, post-Roman view of Arthur as a battle-hardened warlord. The semi-historical novel follows the rise of the young Arthur Pendragon after the death of his father, Uther. The book concentrates on Arthur's relationship",
"title": "Pendragon's Banner"
},
{
"id": "12519335",
"text": "Bradley James Bradley James (born 11 October 1983) is an English actor best known for portraying Arthur Pendragon in the BBC TV series \"Merlin\". James was born in Exeter, Devon England. He and his family then moved to Jacksonville, Florida, in the United States when he was nine. During his time there, he attended elementary and middle school, before returning to England to attend Madeley High School in Madeley, England. James first appeared in an episode of \"Lewis\" in 2008 and also played the part of Ben Davis in the BBC Three comedy-drama film \"Dis/Connected\". His breakthrough came in 2008",
"title": "Bradley James"
},
{
"id": "3825423",
"text": "in the Arthurian legend) exist in the Cycle, alongside less \"factual\" characters: Taliesin, Magnus Maximus, Theodosius, Ambrosius Aurelianus, Vortigern, Constantine III, Myrddin Wyllt, Clovis I, Gwyddno Garanhir, Elffin ap Gwyddno, Horsa, Hengest, Cerdic, Aelle, Gildas, and Aneirin (in the series, it is revealed that the last two are the same person; born with the name Aneirin, he changes it to Gildas after Arthur's death). The series proceeds as told in the following descriptions: Tells simultaneously the story of the fall of Atlantis, the subsequent travel of Princess Charis and her family to Ynys Prydein (Britain), and the discovery and training",
"title": "The Pendragon Cycle"
},
{
"id": "572078",
"text": "Wales between 8 December 1841 and 22 January 1901 (59 years, 45 days). Charles was created Prince of Wales on 26 July 1958 ( ago). As king, Edward VII proved a greater success than anyone had expected, but he was already past the average life expectancy and had little time left to fulfil the role. In his short reign, he ensured that his second son and heir, George V, was better prepared to take the throne. Contemporaries described their relationship as more like affectionate brothers than father and son, and on Edward's death George wrote in his diary that he",
"title": "Edward VII"
},
{
"id": "13281378",
"text": "Pendragon: Sword of His Father Pendragon: Sword of His Father is a 2008 Christian historical fiction film based on the Arthurian legend directed by Chad Burns. It was filmed in five U.S. states, and was released on November 25, 2008. The film won \"Best Family Picture\" and two other awards at the 2009 Bare Bones International Film Festival, and will also be featured at the SENE Film, Music & Arts Festival. The story is set in 411 AD, one year after the legions of Rome withdrew from the Isle of Britannia. \"Pendragon\" is the story of young Artos who is",
"title": "Pendragon: Sword of His Father"
},
{
"id": "1507167",
"text": "Arthur, Prince of Wales Arthur Tudor (19/20 September 1486 – 2 April 1502) was Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester and Duke of Cornwall. As the eldest son and heir apparent of Henry VII of England, Arthur was viewed by contemporaries as the great hope of the newly established House of Tudor. His mother, Elizabeth of York, was the daughter of Edward IV, and his birth cemented the union between the House of Tudor and the House of York. Plans for Arthur's marriage began before his third birthday; he was installed as Prince of Wales two years later. At the",
"title": "Arthur, Prince of Wales"
},
{
"id": "3825424",
"text": "of Taliesin as a druid-bard. The two eventually meet, marry, and Myrddin (Merlin) is born, just weeks before a tragedy brought about by Charis' jealous half-sister, Morgian. Narrated by Myrddin. Tells of Myrddin's dual upbringing among the druids and Christian priests, his capture and mystical training among the Hill Folk, and his brief time as a king of Dyfed. He experiences a doomed romance with Princess Ganieda and long years of madness as a wild man of the woods before finding his destiny. Narrated by Pelleas (first third), Bedwyr (second third), and Aneirin (last third). Tells of Arthur and Myrddin's",
"title": "The Pendragon Cycle"
},
{
"id": "1779793",
"text": "there, as well as in India, performed various royal duties, while also again taking up military duties. Though he retired from public life in 1928, he continued to make his presence known in the army well into the Second World War, before his death in 1942. He was Queen Victoria's last surviving son. Arthur was born at Buckingham Palace on 1 May 1850, the seventh child and third son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. The prince was baptised by the Archbishop of Canterbury, John Bird Sumner, on 22 June in the palace's private chapel. His",
"title": "Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn"
},
{
"id": "1507171",
"text": "eldest child. Arthur's birth was anticipated by French and Italian humanists eager for the start of a \"Virgilian golden age\". Sir Francis Bacon wrote that although the Prince was born one month premature, he was \"strong and able\". Young Arthur was viewed as \"a living symbol\" of not only the union between the House of Tudor and the House of York, to which his mother belonged as the daughter of Edward IV, but also of the end of the Wars of the Roses. In the opinion of contemporaries, Arthur was the great hope of the newly established House of Tudor.",
"title": "Arthur, Prince of Wales"
},
{
"id": "6676771",
"text": "Nigel Terry Nigel Terry (15 August 1945 – 30 April 2015) was a British stage and film actor probably best known by film audiences for his portrayal of King Arthur in John Boorman's \"Excalibur\" (1981). Terry primarily dedicated himself to the classical stage. When he extended himself into film and TV outings, it was mostly for historical or period roles. Terry was born on 15 August 1945 in Bristol, the son of Frank Albert Terry OBE, DFC, a pilot in the Royal Air Force, and his wife, Doreen. He was the first baby born in Bristol after the end of",
"title": "Nigel Terry"
},
{
"id": "225015",
"text": "King Arthur King Arthur was a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians. The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources, including the \"Annales Cambriae\", the \"Historia Brittonum\", and the writings of Gildas. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as \"Y Gododdin\". Arthur is a central figure in the legends making",
"title": "King Arthur"
},
{
"id": "3600190",
"text": "Pendragon (role-playing game) Pendragon, or King Arthur Pendragon, is a role-playing game (RPG) in which players take the role of knights performing chivalric deeds in the tradition of Arthurian legend. It was originally written by Greg Stafford and published by Chaosium, then was acquired by Green Knight Publishing, who in turn passed on the rights to White Wolf Publishing in 2004. White Wolf sold the game to Stewart Wieck in 2009. Wieck formed Nocturnal Media, which has since updated and reissued the 5th edition originally published by White Wolf. In 1991, \"Pendragon\" (3rd edition) won the Origins Award for \"Best",
"title": "Pendragon (role-playing game)"
},
{
"id": "13281381",
"text": "or abandoning God to save himself. Pendragon: Sword of His Father Pendragon: Sword of His Father is a 2008 Christian historical fiction film based on the Arthurian legend directed by Chad Burns. It was filmed in five U.S. states, and was released on November 25, 2008. The film won \"Best Family Picture\" and two other awards at the 2009 Bare Bones International Film Festival, and will also be featured at the SENE Film, Music & Arts Festival. The story is set in 411 AD, one year after the legions of Rome withdrew from the Isle of Britannia. \"Pendragon\" is the",
"title": "Pendragon: Sword of His Father"
},
{
"id": "1507194",
"text": "In 1972, BBC2 aired a historical miniseries titled \"The Shadow of the Tower\", with \"Lord Arthur, Prince of Wales\" played by Jason Kemp. Arthur, Prince of Wales Arthur Tudor (19/20 September 1486 – 2 April 1502) was Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester and Duke of Cornwall. As the eldest son and heir apparent of Henry VII of England, Arthur was viewed by contemporaries as the great hope of the newly established House of Tudor. His mother, Elizabeth of York, was the daughter of Edward IV, and his birth cemented the union between the House of Tudor and the House",
"title": "Arthur, Prince of Wales"
},
{
"id": "7938267",
"text": "King Arthur (TV series) When Prince Arthur was a baby and his father King Uther ruled Camelot, \"Lavik\", another king who wishes to conquer Camelot, attacked the castle. Arthur is saved by Merlin who sent him to another knight to keep Arthur in a safe place. For many years this knight brought Arthur up as his own son. At the age of 15 Arthur attended to a tournament with his step-father. There he could pull the sword Excalibur from a stone. This action proved that Arthur is the legitimate king of England. Finally Arthur's foster father revealed him his royal",
"title": "King Arthur (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "11229818",
"text": "Presidency of Chester A. Arthur The presidency of Chester A. Arthur began on September 19, 1881, when Arthur became the 21st President of the United States upon the assassination and death of President James A. Garfield, and ended on March 4, 1885. Arthur, a Republican, had been Vice President of the United States for only days when he succeeded to the presidency. In ill health and lacking the full support of his party by the end of his term, Arthur made only a token effort for the Republican nomination in the 1884 presidential election. He was succeeded by Democrat Grover",
"title": "Presidency of Chester A. Arthur"
},
{
"id": "225041",
"text": ", contains the first narrative account of Arthur's life. This work is an imaginative and fanciful account of British kings from the legendary Trojan exile Brutus to the 7th-century Welsh king Cadwallader. Geoffrey places Arthur in the same post-Roman period as do \"Historia Brittonum\" and \"Annales Cambriae\". He incorporates Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, his magician advisor Merlin, and the story of Arthur's conception, in which Uther, disguised as his enemy Gorlois by Merlin's magic, sleeps with Gorlois's wife Igerna (Igraine) at Tintagel, and she conceives Arthur. On Uther's death, the fifteen-year-old Arthur succeeds him as King of Britain and fights",
"title": "King Arthur"
},
{
"id": "14683045",
"text": "\"Strike Back\", before being cast as Ian Al-Harazi in 2014's \"\". The same year, he appeared in the American 3D action fantasy film, \"The Legend of Hercules\". In January 2014, Garrigan appeared in \"Silent Witness\". In 2015, Garrigan played the recurring role of King Arthur on \"Once Upon a Time\" and later reprised this role in 2017's \"\". Garrigan was born in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England to Liz and Brian Garrigan, and he is the eldest of three siblings. In September 2016, Garrigan became engaged to singer-songwriter Beth Rowley. The two were married on 1 July",
"title": "Liam Garrigan"
},
{
"id": "13021001",
"text": "year at the age of two. The couple took their son's death hard, and when they had another son, Chester Alan Jr., in 1864, they lavished attention on him. They also had a daughter, Ellen, in 1871. Both children survived to adulthood. Arthur's political prospects improved along with his law practice when his patron, ex-Governor Morgan, was elected to the United States Senate. He was hired by Thomas Murphy, a Republican politician, but also a friend of William M. Tweed, the boss of the Tammany Hall Democratic organization. Murphy was also a hatter who sold goods to the Union Army,",
"title": "Chester A. Arthur"
},
{
"id": "225063",
"text": "medieval Arthurian legends were of particular interest to poets, inspiring, for example, William Wordsworth to write \"The Egyptian Maid\" (1835), an allegory of the Holy Grail. Pre-eminent among these was Alfred Tennyson, whose first Arthurian poem \"The Lady of Shalott\" was published in 1832. Arthur himself played a minor role in some of these works, following in the medieval romance tradition. Tennyson's Arthurian work reached its peak of popularity with \"Idylls of the King\", however, which reworked the entire narrative of Arthur's life for the Victorian era. It was first published in 1859 and sold 10,000 copies within the first",
"title": "King Arthur"
},
{
"id": "188664",
"text": "most charismatic rulers to sit on the English throne\". He was an author and composer. As he aged, Henry became severely obese and his health suffered, contributing to his death in 1547. He is frequently characterised in his later life as a lustful, egotistical, harsh, and insecure king. He was succeeded by his son Edward VI. Born 28 June 1491 at the Palace of Placentia in Greenwich, Kent, Henry Tudor was the third child and second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Of the young Henry's six siblings, only three – Arthur, Prince of Wales; Margaret; and Mary",
"title": "Henry VIII of England"
},
{
"id": "1779794",
"text": "godparents were Prince William of Prussia (the later King of Prussia and German Emperor Wilhelm I); his great-uncle's sister-in-law, Princess Bernard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (for whom his maternal grandmother the Duchess of Kent stood proxy); and the Duke of Wellington, with whom he shared his birthday and after whom he was named. As with his older brothers, Arthur received his early education from private tutors. It was reported that he became the Queen's favourite child. It was at an early age that Arthur developed an interest in the army, and in 1866 he followed through on his military ambitions by enrolling",
"title": "Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn"
},
{
"id": "3788286",
"text": "retired to monastic life, though Áedán was officially still king. Thus it was Artúr who led the Scoti of Dál Riata in a war against the Picts, separate from the later war with Northumbria. Under this hypothesis, Artúr was predominantly active in the region between the Roman walls, the Kingdom of the Gododdin. He was ultimately killed in battle in 582 - thus, he lived far too late to have been the victor at the Battle of Badon, as mentioned by Gildas in the early 6th century. This is the solution proposed by David F. Carroll (in his book \"Arturius:",
"title": "Historicity of King Arthur"
},
{
"id": "1773964",
"text": "is given the surname \"Pendragon\", which is explained by the author Geoffrey of Monmouth as literally meaning \"dragon's head\". In the prose version of Robert de Boron's \"Merlin\", the name of Uther's elder brother Ambrosius is given as \"Pendragon\", while Uter (Uther) changes his name after his brother's death to \"Uterpendragon\". The use of \"Pendragon\" to refer to Arthur, rather than to Uther or his brother, is of much more recent vintage. In literature, one of its earliest uses to refer to Arthur is in Alfred Tennyson's poem \"Lancelot and Elaine\", where, however, it appears as Arthur's title rather than",
"title": "Pendragon"
},
{
"id": "20581896",
"text": "King Arthur (Marvel Comics) King Arthur is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is based on King Arthur of Arthurian legend. Arthur Pendragon is the son of King Uther and Igraine. The wizard Merlin had Arthur brought up by the knight Sir Ector and his son Kay. When Uther died from an illness without being able to see his son, Merlin held a contest in London where whoever pulls Excalibur from the stone will become the new king. When Arthur found the sword in the stone while going to retrieve a recently knighted",
"title": "King Arthur (Marvel Comics)"
},
{
"id": "18240903",
"text": "States and 19 May 2017 in the United Kingdom. The film grossed $148 million worldwide against its $175 million production budget, with critics \"warning audiences to stay away\". Originally, the film was meant to be the first in a six-film franchise, but the planned sequels were cancelled after it underperformed at the box office and lost Warner Bros. and Village Roadshow Pictures over $150 million. Mordred, an iron-fisted warlock, and his armies lay siege to Camelot, seeking to establish the dominance of magic-wielding mages over humankind. Uther Pendragon, king of the Britons, infiltrates Mordred's lair and beheads him, saving Camelot.",
"title": "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword"
},
{
"id": "3404366",
"text": "however remote, is nonetheless real that Artorius was remembered in local tales and legends that grew in the retelling. No definitive proof, however, has yet been established that Lucius Artorius Castus was the \"real\" King Arthur. In the film \"King Arthur\" (2004), Artorius is partially identified with King Arthur. The film asserts that Arthur's Roman name was \"Artorius Castus\", and that Artorius was an ancestral name derived from that of a famous leader. His \"floruit\" (\"prime time\") is, however, pushed a few centuries later so that he is made a contemporary of the invading Saxons in the 5th century CE.",
"title": "Lucius Artorius Castus"
},
{
"id": "7727731",
"text": "Arthur Scott King Arthur Scott King (January 18, 1876 – April 17, 1957) was an American physicist and astrophysicist. He was born in Jerseyville, Illinois, the son of Robert Andrew and Miriam Munson King. In 1883 the family moved to Santa Rosa, California in an attempt to alleviate their son Arthur's chronic asthma. The asthma cleared up, and in 1890 they moved again to Fresno. In 1895 Arthur graduated from Fresno High School, then attended the University of California, Berkeley. He developed an interest in physics, and in 1899 he was admitted into their graduate school. He was awarded a",
"title": "Arthur Scott King"
},
{
"id": "9705799",
"text": "The Kingmaking The Kingmaking is the first in the \"Pendragon's Banner\" trilogy of Arthurian novels by the British writer Helen Hollick. It was published in 1994 by William Heinemann in the United Kingdom. It was followed by \"Pendragon's Banner\" and \"Shadow of the King\". The semi-historical novel follows the rise of the young Arthur Pendragon after the death of his father, Uther. The book concentrates on Arthur's relationship with Gwenhwyfar and his emerging prowess on the battlefield. \"The Kingmaking\" is set in Britain during the late fifth century some sixty years after the Roman legions pulled out of the island.",
"title": "The Kingmaking"
},
{
"id": "12585407",
"text": "the eleventh incarnation of the Doctor in January 2009, is the youngest person to play the character in the British television series. He left the series at the end of the 2013 Christmas Day special, \"The Time of the Doctor\". He portrayed the physical embodiment of Skynet in \"Terminator Genisys\" (2015). From 2016 to 2017, he portrayed Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, in Peter Morgan's Netflix biographical drama series \"The Crown\" for which he earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. Matthew Robert Smith was born on 28 October 1982 in Northampton, Northamptonshire, where he was raised. He is the son",
"title": "Matt Smith (actor)"
},
{
"id": "14683042",
"text": "Liam Garrigan Liam Thomas Garrigan (born 17 October 1981) is an English theatre and television actor. As a youth he attended classes at Kingston upon Hull's Northern Stage Company and was a student at Wyke College, Kingston upon Hull. His first television role was as Nic Yorke in the BBC continuing drama series \"Holby City\". He is best known for his roles as Ian Al-Harazi on the Fox series \"\" and King Arthur in the ABC series \"Once Upon a Time\" and \"\". Liam was sent to musical theater classes by his mother at an early age, he was five",
"title": "Liam Garrigan"
},
{
"id": "9438113",
"text": "Arthur Malet Arthur Malet (24 September 1927 – 18 May 2013) was an English stage, film and television actor based in the United States. Vivian R. Malet was born in Lee-on-the-Solent, Hampshire, England. He emigrated to the United States in the 1950s, changed his forename to Arthur, began acting onstage, and won two Drama Desk Awards in 1957. He came to some prominence in 1960s films, often playing characters much older than his real age, such as Mr. Dawes, Jr., in Disney's \"Mary Poppins\" (1964), and King Eiddelig in Disney's 1985 animated film \"The Black Cauldron\". He played undertaker Ted",
"title": "Arthur Malet"
},
{
"id": "18971150",
"text": "Forest flashback scenes at the Vault of the Dark One take place immediately before \"Heroes and Villains\". The Enchanted Forest flashback scenes at Granny's Diner take place after \"The Dark Swan\" and before \"Dreamcatcher\". The Storybrooke events take place after \"Siege Perilous\". In the early years before Camelot, we meet the stable boy who would later become the once and future King, Arthur, who was motivated to fulfill his prophecy of finding Excalibur at a very early age, which he would follow through as an adult years later (33 years before the Storybrooke residents' arrival, including 28 years of Regina's",
"title": "The Broken Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "1779805",
"text": "South Africa, to open the first parliament of the newly formed union, and in Johannesburg on 30 November he laid a commemorative stone at the Rand Regiments Memorial, dedicated to the British soldiers that died during the Second Boer War. When his brother was obliged to resign the office upon his accession in 1901 as King Edward VII, Prince Arthur was elected as Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England and was subsequently re-elected as such an additional 37 times before 1939, when the Prince was nearly 90 years of age. It was announced on 6 March 1911",
"title": "Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn"
},
{
"id": "20581897",
"text": "Kay's sword, he showed it to Kay where Sir Ector alerted those partaking in the contest of it in order to see if Arthur was the one who pulled it from the stone. When everyone else failed and Arthur pulled the sword from the stone, Arthur was automatically made the next king and reunited with his mother. In his difficult beginnings as the ruler of Camelot, King Arthur had to unite the kings of Britain in order to fight off the Saxons. He even gained Merlin as his mythical advisor and protector. After he unknowingly seduced Morgause, he had a",
"title": "King Arthur (Marvel Comics)"
},
{
"id": "3788285",
"text": "Badon Hill. At any rate, the battle was a clear continuation of his efforts. Scholars such as Leon Fleuriot identified Ambrosius Aurelianus with the aforementioned Riothamus figure from Jordanes, an idea which forms part of his hypothesis about the origins of the Arthurian legend. Others, such as Geoffrey Ashe, disagree, since Ambrosius is not called \"king\" until the somewhat-legendary \"Historia Brittonum\". Artúr mac Áedáin was the eldest son of Áedán mac Gabráin. He never became king of Dál Riata; his brother Eochaid Buide ruled after their father's death. However, Artúr became war leader when Áedán gave up his role and",
"title": "Historicity of King Arthur"
},
{
"id": "1507192",
"text": "three living children; the only son, Edward VI, succeeded but died six years later. His successors were Henry's daughters by Catherine and Anne, Mary I and Elizabeth I. Upon Elizabeth's death in 1603, the House of Tudor came to an end. In 2002, following the initiative of canon Ian MacKenzie, Arthur's funeral was reenacted with a requiem mass at Worcester Cathedral, on occasion of the quincentenary of his death. Despite his role in English history, Arthur has remained largely forgotten since his death. Arthur has been featured in several historical fiction novels, such as \"The King's Pleasure\", by Norah Lofts",
"title": "Arthur, Prince of Wales"
},
{
"id": "14683046",
"text": "2017. Liam Garrigan Liam Thomas Garrigan (born 17 October 1981) is an English theatre and television actor. As a youth he attended classes at Kingston upon Hull's Northern Stage Company and was a student at Wyke College, Kingston upon Hull. His first television role was as Nic Yorke in the BBC continuing drama series \"Holby City\". He is best known for his roles as Ian Al-Harazi on the Fox series \"\" and King Arthur in the ABC series \"Once Upon a Time\" and \"\". Liam was sent to musical theater classes by his mother at an early age, he was",
"title": "Liam Garrigan"
},
{
"id": "12323079",
"text": "of two years, followed by entry into the Royal Navy, was planned. A bout of mumps may have made him infertile. Edward automatically became Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay on 6 May 1910 when his father ascended the throne as George V on the death of Edward VII. He was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester a month later on 23 June 1910, his 16th birthday. Preparations for his future as king began in earnest. He was withdrawn from his naval course before his formal graduation, served as midshipman for three months aboard the battleship \"Hindustan\",",
"title": "Edward VIII"
},
{
"id": "5851985",
"text": "recorded at the Miners Foundry in Nevada City, California. He performed with a full band that included his son Andrew and Supertramp sax player John Helliwell. The album did not chart in the UK or the US, though it did reach number 34 in Germany. Hodgson played King Arthur in the rock opera \"Excalibur: La Legende Des Celtes\", and appeared on the album for two songs: \"The Elements\", and \"The Will of God\". The project was headed by Alan Simon and released in 1999. In 2000, Hodgson contributed vocals on a track titled \"The Moon Says Hello\" by Carlos Núñez,",
"title": "Roger Hodgson"
},
{
"id": "225043",
"text": "in Gaul but, as he prepares to march on Rome, Arthur hears that his nephew Modredus (Mordred)—whom he had left in charge of Britain—has married his wife Guenhuuara (Guinevere) and seized the throne. Arthur returns to Britain and defeats and kills Modredus on the river Camblam in Cornwall, but he is mortally wounded. He hands the crown to his kinsman Constantine and is taken to the isle of Avalon to be healed of his wounds, never to be seen again. How much of this narrative was Geoffrey's own invention is open to debate. He seems to have made use of",
"title": "King Arthur"
},
{
"id": "16921",
"text": "the legend of King Arthur. In Baxter's novel, Aurelianus is a minor character who interacts with the book's main Roman-era protagonist, Regina, founder of a (literally) underground matriarchal society. In the text, he is credited with winning the battle of Mount Badon. In Marion Zimmer Bradley's \"The Mists of Avalon\", Aurelianus is depicted as the aging High King of Britain, a \"too-ambitious\" son of a Western Roman Emperor. His sister's son is Uther Pendragon, but Uther is described as not having any Roman blood. Aurelianus is unable to gather the leadership of the native Celts, who refuse to follow any",
"title": "Ambrosius Aurelianus"
},
{
"id": "225017",
"text": "Although the themes, events and characters of the Arthurian legend varied widely from text to text, and there is no one canonical version, Geoffrey's version of events often served as the starting point for later stories. Geoffrey depicted Arthur as a king of Britain who defeated the Saxons and established a vast empire. Many elements and incidents that are now an integral part of the Arthurian story appear in Geoffrey's \"Historia\", including Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, the wizard Merlin, Arthur's wife Guinevere, the sword Excalibur, Arthur's conception at Tintagel, his final battle against Mordred at Camlann, and final rest in",
"title": "King Arthur"
},
{
"id": "16804110",
"text": "Factor\", performing an acoustic rendition of judge Tulisa's \"Young\", before explaining his past, including a short spell in respite foster care and time spent in flats and bedsits after break-ups within his family. He also revealed his father and mother had hardly spoken to each other for over 20 years, and this was a reunion of sorts for them to attend his audition. He sang \"A Million Love Songs\" at bootcamp and was chosen as one of six contestants in the \"Boys\" category to advance to judges' houses. From this point onward, Arthur was mentored by Nicole Scherzinger. After his",
"title": "James Arthur"
},
{
"id": "4170697",
"text": "Knights of Pendragon The Knights of Pendragon is a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The team was published by the imprint Marvel UK in a self-titled comic from 1990 to 1993, and in the anthology title \"Overkill\". It was written by Dan Abnett and John Tomlinson with art by Gary Erskine. Pendragon is an alternate name for King Arthur. The comic was created during a period of attempted expansion by Marvel UK, trying to build on the critical success of Captain Britain. \"Knights of Pendragon\" was initially a highly political and environmental comic, its",
"title": "Knights of Pendragon"
},
{
"id": "12064278",
"text": "Arthur Uther Pendragon Arthur Uther Pendragon (born John Timothy Rothwell, 5 April 1954) is a British eco-campaigner, Neo-Druid leader, media personality, and self-declared reincarnation of King Arthur, a name by which he is also known. Pendragon was the \"battle chieftain\" of the Council of British Druid Orders. Born to a working-class family, Pendragon served in the British Army's Royal Hampshire Regiment before being discharged following an injury. Identifying as a greaser, he formed a biker club known as the Gravediggers, moving in counter-cultural circles at free festivals around Britain. After reading a book on King Arthur by the occultist Gareth",
"title": "Arthur Uther Pendragon"
},
{
"id": "10222700",
"text": "Arthur Henry King Arthur Henry King (20 February 1910 – 15 January 2000), also found as Arthur H. King, was a British poet, writer and academic. King was educated at the University of Cambridge, England, and Lund University, Sweden, and held a Doctor of Literature in stylistics. He served as Assistant Director-General in charge of Education in England. Beginning in 1943, he was an official in the British Council, serving in Europe, Persia, and Pakistan. In 1966, after his first wife died, King married his second cousin, Patricia, a Mormon. He later also converted to the Mormon faith. Moving to",
"title": "Arthur Henry King"
},
{
"id": "4170706",
"text": "into trade paperbacks: Knights of Pendragon The Knights of Pendragon is a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The team was published by the imprint Marvel UK in a self-titled comic from 1990 to 1993, and in the anthology title \"Overkill\". It was written by Dan Abnett and John Tomlinson with art by Gary Erskine. Pendragon is an alternate name for King Arthur. The comic was created during a period of attempted expansion by Marvel UK, trying to build on the critical success of Captain Britain. \"Knights of Pendragon\" was initially a highly political and",
"title": "Knights of Pendragon"
},
{
"id": "3235496",
"text": "with a more dark and tragic backstory of how Arthur got his sword Excalibur. The film was shot in Ireland, England, and Wales. Arthur (Clive Owen) is a Roman cavalry officer, also known as Artorius Castus, the son of a Roman father and a Celtic mother, who commands a unit of Sarmatian auxiliary cavalry in Britain at the close of the Roman occupation in 410. Arthur is loyal to Rome and a devout Christian, but follows the teachings of Pelagius, which many consider heretical. He and his men guard Hadrian's Wall against the Woads, a group of Britons who are",
"title": "King Arthur (2004 film)"
},
{
"id": "3788288",
"text": "historical evidence about Arthur; we must reject him from our histories and, above all, from the titles of our books.\" Historicity of King Arthur The historicity of King Arthur is a source of considerable debate among historians, some of whom have suggested that Arthur was a mythological or folkloric figure. Arthur first appears in historical context as a soldier fighting against the invading Saxons in 5th- to 6th-century Sub-Roman Britain at the Battle of Badon in a text written more than three centuries after his activity. He develops into a legendary figure in the Matter of Britain from the 12th",
"title": "Historicity of King Arthur"
},
{
"id": "13356835",
"text": "with Gwenhwyfar and his emerging prowess on the battlefield. \"The Kingmaking\" is set in Great Britain during the late fifth century some sixty years after the Roman legions pulled out of the island. By putting King Arthur into a realistic historical setting, some characters from Arthurian legend such as Merlin and Lancelot are left out. The trilogy garnered a number of positive reviews and endorsements. Best-selling historical fiction author Sharon Penman called one of the volumes \"a wonderful book...breathes new life into an ancient legend.\" According to \"Publishers Weekly\", \"Hollick's interpretation is bold, affecting and well worth fighting to defend.\"",
"title": "Pendragon's Banner"
},
{
"id": "18519071",
"text": "first feature-length film was in the role of King Arthur in 1917's \"Over the Hill\". During the early 1920s, he continued to work mainly in shorts, before moving into almost exclusively feature films in 1925. From 1924 through 1927 he starred in about 20 films for Rayart Pictures, such as \"The Slanderers\" (1924), \"Goat Getter\" (1925), \"The Winner\" (1926), and \"When Seconds Count\" (1927). During his career he appeared in over 80 productions, including over 50 feature films. Billy Sullivan (actor) Billy Sullivan (July 18, 1891 – May 23, 1946), also known as W. A. Sullivan, William A. Sullivan, and",
"title": "Billy Sullivan (actor)"
},
{
"id": "9935288",
"text": "same upbringing. As a son of a king, Edward was an ætheling, a prince of the royal house who was eligible for kingship. Even though he had the advantage of being the eldest son of the reigning king, his accession was not assured as he had cousins who had a strong claim to the throne. Æthelhelm and Æthelwold were sons of Æthelred, Alfred's older brother and predecessor as king, but they had been passed over because they were infants when their father died. Asser gives more information about Edward's childhood and youth than is known about other Anglo-Saxon princes, providing",
"title": "Edward the Elder"
},
{
"id": "8122733",
"text": "to power as King of Britain. It begins with the marriage of King Uther and Ygerna. They conceive a child, who is named Arthur and is taken by Merlin to a foster family. Years later, when King Uther dies, Arthur comes to be king. Many specific people look similar to or exactly like people in Arthur's life. The most notable resemblance is between Arthur and young King Arthur himself, which leads de Caldicot to suppose that Arthur in the stone is himself in the near future. This belief is only accentuated when he learns on his birthday that his parents",
"title": "The Seeing Stone"
},
{
"id": "18240902",
"text": "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword King Arthur: Legend of the Sword is a 2017 epic fantasy film written and directed by Guy Ritchie and co-written by Joby Harold and Lionel Wigram, inspired by Arthurian legends. The film stars Charlie Hunnam as the title character and Jude Law as the tyrannical king Vortigern who is attempting to kill him, with Àstrid Bergès-Frisbey, Djimon Hounsou, Aidan Gillen, and Eric Bana in supporting roles. \"King Arthur\" premiered at the TCL Chinese Theater on 8 May 2017 and was theatrically released in 2D and RealD 3D on 12 May 2017 in the United",
"title": "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword"
},
{
"id": "3235510",
"text": "and flourished after the Arthurian period. The composite Merlin was created by Geoffrey of Monmouth. In the film, Arthur's father is a Roman general from the Imperial Roman army and his mother is a Celtic woman. In the historical notes of the legend, Arthur's father is Uther Pendragon, a famous Romano-British commander and one of Britain's earlier kings, and his mother is Igraine, a beautiful young woman who was once the wife of Gorlois, the Duke of Cornwall and one of Uther's loyal subjects. Arthur's knights are described differently in the film and the legend. In the film, Lancelot, Tristan,",
"title": "King Arthur (2004 film)"
},
{
"id": "3788273",
"text": "Arthur in passing. The work is a praise-poem and elegy for King Geraint, usually presumed to be a historical king of Dumnonia, and the poem is significant in showing that he was associated with Arthur at a relatively early date. It also provides the earliest known reference to Arthur as \"emperor\". \"Geraint son of Erbin\" is found in the Black Book of Carmarthen, compiled around 1250, though it may date to the 10th or 11th century. Some theories suggest that \"Arthur\" was a byname of attested historical individuals. One theory suggests that Lucius Artorius Castus, a Roman military commander who",
"title": "Historicity of King Arthur"
},
{
"id": "1507168",
"text": "age of eleven, he was formally betrothed to Catherine of Aragon, a daughter of the powerful Catholic Monarchs in Spain, in an effort to forge an Anglo-Spanish alliance against France. Arthur was well educated and, contrary to some modern belief, was in good health for the majority of his life. Soon after his marriage to Catherine in 1501, the couple took up residence at Ludlow Castle in Shropshire, where Arthur died six months later of an unknown ailment. Catherine would later firmly state that the marriage had not been consummated. One year after Arthur's death, Henry VII renewed his efforts",
"title": "Arthur, Prince of Wales"
},
{
"id": "3600194",
"text": "and Pictish invaders in the wake of the collapse of Roman authority. Technology and many aspects of culture, however, progress in an accelerated fashion, such that King Arthur's Britain is depicted as thoroughly feudal. Knights bear unique coats of arms, joust in tournaments, follow chivalric customs, and pursue courtly love. In effect, many trappings of the milieu in which the Arthurian romances were composed are projected backwards. Many of the campaign events and personalities come from the great mass of Arthurian literature composed from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century. That being said, it is also possible to run",
"title": "Pendragon (role-playing game)"
},
{
"id": "4723516",
"text": "Urien Urien (; ), often referred to as Urien Rheged or Uriens, was a late 6th-century king of Rheged, an early British kingdom of the Hen Ogledd (today's northern England and southern Scotland). His power and his victories, including the battles of Gwen Ystrad and Alt Clut Ford, are celebrated in the praise poems to him by Taliesin, preserved in the \"Book of Taliesin\". He became the \"King Urien of Gorre\" of later Arthurian legend and his son Owain mab Urien was later known as Ywain. According to the genealogies, Urien was the son of Cynfarch Oer, son of Meirchion",
"title": "Urien"
},
{
"id": "6190383",
"text": "Ronald Leigh-Hunt Ronald Leigh-Hunt (5 October 1920 – 12 September 2005) was a British film and television actor. His father was a stockbroker and he attended the Italia Conti Academy. He began acting whilst serving in the army. Though never a major star, he appeared in over a hundred television and film productions over a forty-year period, including as King Arthur in \"The Adventures of Sir Lancelot\" in the mid-1950s, and \"General Hospital\" in the early 1970s. He appeared in \"Danger Man\" and twice in \"Doctor Who\", as Commander Radnor in \"The Seeds of Death\" (1969) and as Commander Stevenson",
"title": "Ronald Leigh-Hunt"
},
{
"id": "3788263",
"text": "Historicity of King Arthur The historicity of King Arthur is a source of considerable debate among historians, some of whom have suggested that Arthur was a mythological or folkloric figure. Arthur first appears in historical context as a soldier fighting against the invading Saxons in 5th- to 6th-century Sub-Roman Britain at the Battle of Badon in a text written more than three centuries after his activity. He develops into a legendary figure in the Matter of Britain from the 12th century, following Geoffrey of Monmouth's influential \"Historia Regum Britanniae\". Modern theories concerning the historical origin of Arthur include Dál Riata",
"title": "Historicity of King Arthur"
},
{
"id": "1507173",
"text": "mother. After Arthur was created Prince of Wales in 1490, he was awarded a household structure at the behest of his father. Over the next thirteen years, Henry VII and Elizabeth would have six more children, of whom only three—Margaret, Henry and Mary—would reach adulthood. Arthur was especially close to his sister Margaret (b. 1489) and his brother Henry (b. 1491), with whom he shared a nursery. On 29 November 1489, after being made a Knight of the Bath, Arthur was appointed Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, and was invested as such at the Palace of Westminster on",
"title": "Arthur, Prince of Wales"
},
{
"id": "1617851",
"text": "Bhumibol was responsible for the king's death: \"I have no idea whether Ananda shot himself or was killed by Bhumibol, the two possibilities most accepted among historians. If the latter, I clearly term it an accident that occurred in play\". Ananda Mahidol Ananda Mahidol (; ; 20 September 1925 – 9 June 1946) was the eighth monarch of Siam from the Chakri dynasty as Rama VIII. At the time he was recognised as king by the National Assembly in March 1935, he was a nine-year-old boy living in Switzerland. He returned to Thailand in December 1945, but six months later",
"title": "Ananda Mahidol"
},
{
"id": "250916",
"text": "Footlights at Cambridge. He completed his medical training and was legally entitled to practice as a doctor. Chapman is best remembered for the lead roles in \"Holy Grail\", as King Arthur, and \"Life of Brian\", as Brian Cohen. He died of spinal and throat cancer on 4 October 1989. At Chapman's memorial service, Cleese delivered an irreverent eulogy that included all the euphemisms for being dead from the \"Dead Parrot\" sketch, which they had written. Chapman's comedic fictional memoir, \"A Liar's Autobiography\", was adapted into an animated 3D movie in 2012. John Cleese is the oldest Python. He met his",
"title": "Monty Python"
},
{
"id": "18499170",
"text": "the British throne. Lord Mornington was educated at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford where he received an MA degree in philosophy, politics and economics in 1999. He subsequently obtained an MBA degree from Columbia Business School in 2005. He was an employee of Bain & Company between 1999 and 2001, and for BC Partners between 2001 and 2003. He subsequently was a manager for Exponent Private Equity from 2005 to 2006. Next, he was a partner in the merchant bank Charterhouse Capital Partners from 2006 to 2016; coincidentally, one of his professional rivals, Jean-Christophe, Prince Napoléon, is a descendant",
"title": "Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington"
},
{
"id": "13021059",
"text": "Creek Reservation in the Dakota Territory to settlers by executive order in 1885. Arthur's successor, Grover Cleveland, finding that title belonged to the Native Americans, revoked Arthur's order a few months later. Shortly after becoming president, Arthur was diagnosed with Bright's disease, a kidney ailment now referred to as nephritis. He attempted to keep his condition private, but by 1883 rumors of his illness began to circulate; he had become thinner and more aged in appearance, and struggled to keep the pace of the presidency. To rejuvenate his health outside the confines of Washington, Arthur and some political friends traveled",
"title": "Chester A. Arthur"
},
{
"id": "3600208",
"text": "editor in 1999. One additional title in the series — a reprint of William Henry Babcock's 1898 novel \"Cian of the Chariots\" — was announced for 2002, but has not seen print. Pendragon (role-playing game) Pendragon, or King Arthur Pendragon, is a role-playing game (RPG) in which players take the role of knights performing chivalric deeds in the tradition of Arthurian legend. It was originally written by Greg Stafford and published by Chaosium, then was acquired by Green Knight Publishing, who in turn passed on the rights to White Wolf Publishing in 2004. White Wolf sold the game to Stewart",
"title": "Pendragon (role-playing game)"
},
{
"id": "1356732",
"text": "(2005–2006), Thomas Cousseau in \"Kaamelott\" (2005–2009), Santiago Cabrera in \"Merlin\" (2008–2011), Christopher Tavarez in \"Avalon High\" (2010), Sinqua Walls in \"Once Upon a Time\" (2012, 2015), Dan Stevens in \"\" (2014), and Martin McCreadie in \"\" (2017), among others. Lancelot Sir Lancelot du Lac (meaning Lancelot of the Lake), alternatively also written as Launcelot and other spellings, is one of the Knights of the Round Table in the Arthurian legend. He typically features as King Arthur's greatest companion, the lord of Joyous Gard and the greatest swordsman and jouster of the age – until his adulterous affair with Queen Guinevere",
"title": "Lancelot"
},
{
"id": "5656459",
"text": "Ear and the Eye; and therefore in Reason my Art on this occasion, ought to be subservient to his.\" The exact date of the premiere is unknown but the wordbook was advertised in \"The London Gazette\" from 4 to 8 June 1691, suggesting a recent staging. Peter Holman believes it was performed in May. The production was not as spectacular as \"Dioclesian\" or the later \"The Fairy Queen\" but it proved the most financially successful for the theatre. Betterton himself took the role of King Arthur, despite being in his fifties. The contemporary writer Roger North was most impressed by",
"title": "King Arthur (opera)"
},
{
"id": "11530200",
"text": "King Arthur Was a Gentleman King Arthur Was a Gentleman is a 1942 British, black-and-white, comedy, musical film, directed by Marcel Varnel and starring Arthur Askey. It was produced by Edward Black and Maurice Ostrer for Gainsborough Pictures. Set during World War II, the plot involves the undersized Arthur joining the army to prove himself to his girlfriend Susan (Evelyn Dall), who is in the same unit as him. Here, his idealistic notions about King Arthur prompt his messmates to trick him into believing that a sword they have dug up is the fabled Excalibur. Armed with this talisman Arthur",
"title": "King Arthur Was a Gentleman"
},
{
"id": "11793842",
"text": "produced by independent production company Shine Limited. The show was picked up by the BBC in 2006. The series premiered in 2008 to mixed reviews but good ratings which improved as the series went on, and proved popular on the BBC's digital catch-up service iPlayer. It was shown in the United States on NBC, though it later moved to the cable network Syfy. It is a mainstay on Netflix in both the US and the UK. Merlin is a reimagining of the legend in which the future King Arthur and Merlin are young contemporaries. Arthur's father Uther Pendragon has banned",
"title": "Merlin (2008 TV series)"
},
{
"id": "9935278",
"text": "Edward the Elder Edward the Elder (c. 874 – 17 July 924) was King of the Anglo-Saxons from 899 until his death. He was the elder son of Alfred the Great and his wife Ealhswith. When Edward succeeded to the throne, he had to defeat a challenge from his cousin Æthelwold, who had a strong claim to the throne as the son of Alfred's elder brother and predecessor, Æthelred. Alfred had succeeded Æthelred as king of Wessex in 871, and almost faced defeat against the Danish Vikings until his decisive victory at the Battle of Edington in 878. After the",
"title": "Edward the Elder"
},
{
"id": "14605",
"text": "Alfred the Great Alfred the Great (, , \"elf counsel\" or \"wise elf\"; between 847 and 849 – 26 October 899) was King of Wessex from 871 to c. 886 and King of the Anglo-Saxons from c. 886 to 899. He was the youngest son of King Æthelwulf of Wessex. His father died when he was young and three of Alfred's brothers reigned in turn. Alfred took the throne after the death of his brother Æthelred and spent several years dealing with Viking invasions. He won a decisive victory in the Battle of Edington in 878 and made an agreement",
"title": "Alfred the Great"
},
{
"id": "18990452",
"text": "Robert Arthur King Robert Arthur King (9 April 1886 – 27 February 1960) was an Australian politician. He was born in Launceston to tailor Robert King and Louisa Barrett. He was educated at private schools and became a saddler, moving to New South Wales around 1916. In that year he married Florence May Mullins, with whom he had two daughters. He was closely involved in the Saddlers' Union and was also active in the Trades and Labor Council. King was appointed to the New South Wales Legislative Council in 1931, and played an active part in the turmoil in Labor",
"title": "Robert Arthur King"
},
{
"id": "514474",
"text": "deadly diseases. Michael Evans points out that Harold was only one of several youthful kings of pre-Conquest England to die following short reigns. Others included Edmund I (reigned 939–946, murdered at age 25), Eadred (reigned 946–955, died at age 32), Eadwig (reigned 955–959, died at age 19), Edmund Ironside (reigned 1016, murdered at age 26), and Harthacnut (reigned 1040–1042, who would die at age 24). Evans wonders whether the role of king was dangerous in this era, more so than in the period after the Conquest, or whether hereditary diseases were in effect, since most of these kings were members",
"title": "Harold Harefoot"
},
{
"id": "572019",
"text": "Edward VII Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910. The eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Edward was related to royalty throughout Europe. He was heir apparent to the British throne and held the title of Prince of Wales for longer than any of his predecessors. He was heir presumptive to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha until before his marriage he renounced his right to",
"title": "Edward VII"
},
{
"id": "1785168",
"text": "the Realm\", though he subsequently claimed he had been upstaged by his co-star, veteran actor Denholm Elliott: \"I amended the actor's cliché to 'Never work with children, animals or Denholm Elliott'.\" In 2007 Byrne topped Kerry Film Festival's jury lineup. Upon his return to theatre in 2008, he appeared as King Arthur in \"Camelot\" with the New York Philharmonic from 7 to 10 May, following the footsteps of veteran actors Richard Burton and Richard Harris. Byrne was cast in a film adaptation of Flann O'Brien's metafictional novel \"At Swim-Two-Birds\", alongside Colin Farrell and Cillian Murphy. Actor Brendan Gleeson was set",
"title": "Gabriel Byrne"
},
{
"id": "18240924",
"text": "the introduction of Merlin, stating it would have been more successful as a solo film instead of setting up a franchise. King Arthur: Legend of the Sword King Arthur: Legend of the Sword is a 2017 epic fantasy film written and directed by Guy Ritchie and co-written by Joby Harold and Lionel Wigram, inspired by Arthurian legends. The film stars Charlie Hunnam as the title character and Jude Law as the tyrannical king Vortigern who is attempting to kill him, with Àstrid Bergès-Frisbey, Djimon Hounsou, Aidan Gillen, and Eric Bana in supporting roles. \"King Arthur\" premiered at the TCL Chinese",
"title": "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword"
},
{
"id": "3788270",
"text": "in the mid-10th century and gives the date of Badon as 516, and it lists Arthur's death as occurring in 537 at the Battle of Camlann. The annals survive in a version dating from the 10th century, and all other sources that name Arthur were written at least 400 years after the events which they describe. Arthur was first styled as a king of the Britons in Geoffrey of Monmouth's chronicle \"Historia Regum Britanniae\" (c. 1136). Geoffrey also makes Ambrosius Aurelianus (whom he calls Aurelius Ambrosius) a king of Britain and an older brother of Uther Pendragon, father of Arthur,",
"title": "Historicity of King Arthur"
},
{
"id": "13281379",
"text": "raised to believe that God has a purpose for his life. After a tragic event resulting in the burning of his village, the death of his father, and the disappearance of his little sister Adria, he is taken into slavery by the Saxons, where Artos begins to question his God. He soon manages to escape from the Saxons and is nursed back to health by a Roman outcast named Lailoken. When he fully recovers, Artos travels to a Celtic fortress hidden in the Welsh mountains where he becomes a great warrior under King Ambrosius. Advancing through the military ranks, Artos",
"title": "Pendragon: Sword of His Father"
},
{
"id": "12064285",
"text": "Castle\". Rothwell took various jobs, including as a gardener; through this job he met and began a relationship with a woman named Angela, securing a divorce from his wife shortly after. After reading a book on King Arthur by the occultist Gareth Knight, Rothwell saw similarities between himself and the legendary king and came to believe that he was King Arthur reincarnated. On 11 June 1986, he officially changed his name to Arthur Uther Pendragon by deed poll. Shortly afterward, he bought a sword called Excalibur in a Farnborough shop; its seller stated that it had been the prop in",
"title": "Arthur Uther Pendragon"
},
{
"id": "225042",
"text": "a series of battles, similar to those in the \"Historia Brittonum\", culminating in the Battle of Bath. He then defeats the Picts and Scots before creating an Arthurian empire through his conquests of Ireland, Iceland and the Orkney Islands. After twelve years of peace, Arthur sets out to expand his empire once more, taking control of Norway, Denmark and Gaul. Gaul is still held by the Roman Empire when it is conquered, and Arthur's victory leads to a further confrontation with Rome. Arthur and his warriors, including Kaius (Kay), Beduerus (Bedivere) and Gualguanus (Gawain), defeat the Roman emperor Lucius Tiberius",
"title": "King Arthur"
},
{
"id": "1617819",
"text": "Ananda Mahidol Ananda Mahidol (; ; 20 September 1925 – 9 June 1946) was the eighth monarch of Siam from the Chakri dynasty as Rama VIII. At the time he was recognised as king by the National Assembly in March 1935, he was a nine-year-old boy living in Switzerland. He returned to Thailand in December 1945, but six months later in June 1946, he was found shot dead in his bed. Although at first thought to have been an accident, his death was ruled a murder by medical examiners, and three royal pages were later executed following very irregular trials.",
"title": "Ananda Mahidol"
},
{
"id": "9935289",
"text": "details about the training of a prince in a period of Carolingian influence, and Yorke suggest that we may know so much due to Alfred's efforts to portray his son as the most throneworthy ætheling. Æthelhelm is only recorded in Alfred's will of the mid-880s, and probably died at some time in the next decade, but Æthelwold is listed above Edward in the only charter where he appears, probably indicating a higher status. Æthelwold may also have had an advantage because his mother Wulfthryth witnessed a charter as queen, whereas Edward's mother Ealhswith never had a higher status than king's",
"title": "Edward the Elder"
},
{
"id": "11229858",
"text": "Dakota Territory to settlers by executive order in 1885. Arthur's successor, Grover Cleveland, finding that title belonged to the Native Americans, revoked the order a few months later. Shortly after becoming president, Arthur was diagnosed with Bright's disease, a kidney ailment now referred to as nephritis. He attempted to keep his condition private, but by 1883 rumors of his illness began to circulate; he had become thinner and more aged in appearance, and struggled to keep the pace of the presidency. To rejuvenate his health outside the confines of Washington, Arthur and some political friends traveled to Florida in April",
"title": "Presidency of Chester A. Arthur"
},
{
"id": "188667",
"text": "surviving child of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. As Duke of York, Henry used the arms of his father as king, differenced by a \"label of three points ermine\". He was further honoured, on 9 February 1506, by Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I who made him a Knight of the Golden Fleece. In 1502, Arthur died at the age of 15, possibly of sweating sickness, just 20 weeks after his marriage to Catherine. Arthur's death thrust all his duties upon his younger brother, the 10-year-old Henry. After a little debate, Henry became the new",
"title": "Henry VIII of England"
},
{
"id": "3600203",
"text": "western Europe, which was expanded by later supplements. The fifth edition supports only point-based creation of young landholding knights from the default homeland of Salisbury, which was a preferred option in the third and fourth editions as well. The supplement \"Book of Knights and Ladies\", self-published by Greg Stafford in 2008, allows creation of more diverse characters for fifth edition. The regions of Logres, Cumbria, and Cambria profiled in the following three supplements were internal to Arthur's realm, and thus used standard character generation. Over its history the game spawned a number of supplements dealing with areas within or beyond",
"title": "Pendragon (role-playing game)"
},
{
"id": "225025",
"text": "became credited with real deeds in the distant past. They cite parallels with figures such as the Kentish Hengist and Horsa, who may be totemic horse-gods that later became historicised. Bede ascribed to these legendary figures a historical role in the 5th-century Anglo-Saxon conquest of eastern Britain. It is not even certain that Arthur was considered a king in the early texts. Neither the \"Historia\" nor the \"Annales\" calls him \"\"rex\"\": the former calls him instead \"\"dux bellorum\"\" (leader of battles) and \"\"miles\"\" (soldier). Historical documents for the post-Roman period are scarce, so a definitive answer to the question of",
"title": "King Arthur"
},
{
"id": "9070661",
"text": "so little that many question his parentage. Lot and Agravain go off to fight in Britain. Gwalchmai despairs of becoming a warrior and asks his mother to teach him witchcraft instead. Medraut, who looks up to his brother, wants to learn magic as well, but Gwalchmai dissuades him. When the Saxon King Cerdic of Wessex invades Dumnonia, Arthur realizes that the only way to protect Britain is to end the civil war. He therefore proclaims himself the Pendragon. A brilliant general, Arthur defeats several kings, one after the other. The remaining contenders then unite against him, but Arthur wins a",
"title": "Hawk of May"
},
{
"id": "1273342",
"text": "Uther Pendragon Uther Pendragon (; ), also known as King Uther, is a legendary king of sub-Roman Britain and the father of King Arthur. A few minor references to Uther appear in Old Welsh poems, but his biography was first written down by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his \"Historia Regum Britanniae\" (\"History of the Kings of Britain\"), and Geoffrey's account of the character was used in most later versions. He is a fairly ambiguous individual throughout the literature, but is described as a strong king and a defender of the people. According to Arthurian Legend, Merlin magically disguises Uther to",
"title": "Uther Pendragon"
},
{
"id": "554536",
"text": "the centre of the new royal administration of North Wales. Edward's birth brought predictions of greatness from contemporary prophets, who believed that the Last Days of the world were imminent, declaring him a new King Arthur, who would lead England to glory. David Powel, a 16th-century clergyman, suggested that the baby was offered to the Welsh as a prince \"that was borne in Wales and could speake never a word of English\", but there is no evidence to support this account. Edward's name was English in origin, linking him to the Anglo-Saxon saint Edward the Confessor, and was chosen by",
"title": "Edward II of England"
},
{
"id": "3881239",
"text": "portrayed Queen Victoria in the independent drama \"The Young Victoria\", directed by Jean-Marc Vallée and written by Julian Fellowes, which focused primarily on her early life and reign, as well as her marriage to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Blunt admitted to having little prior knowledge of the Queen, but after consulting her mother, found her to be \"remarkable\" and \"a very 21st century sort of woman.\" Blunt's performance earned critical accolades, and she was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama and the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress,",
"title": "Emily Blunt"
},
{
"id": "11530201",
"text": "strides forth to deal with the Wehrmacht. King Arthur Was a Gentleman King Arthur Was a Gentleman is a 1942 British, black-and-white, comedy, musical film, directed by Marcel Varnel and starring Arthur Askey. It was produced by Edward Black and Maurice Ostrer for Gainsborough Pictures. Set during World War II, the plot involves the undersized Arthur joining the army to prove himself to his girlfriend Susan (Evelyn Dall), who is in the same unit as him. Here, his idealistic notions about King Arthur prompt his messmates to trick him into believing that a sword they have dug up is the",
"title": "King Arthur Was a Gentleman"
},
{
"id": "13021031",
"text": "legal authority to convene immediately and choose a Senate president pro tempore, who would be able to assume the presidency if Arthur died. Once in Washington he destroyed the mailed proclamation and issued a formal call for a special session. Arthur arrived in Washington, D.C. on September 21. On September 22, he re-took the oath of office, this time before Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite. Arthur took this step to ensure procedural compliance; there had been a lingering question about whether a state court judge (Brady) could administer a federal oath of office. He initially took up residence at the",
"title": "Chester A. Arthur"
},
{
"id": "3235517",
"text": "text dictates that \"\"King Arthur and his Knights rose from a real hero who lived [...] in a period often called the Dark Ages\"\". The film, however, is set in 467. Some count the Dark Ages as being in Sub-Roman Britain after the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, Romulus Augustus, was deposed by Odoacer in 476, nine years after the date for the setting of the film. The current Roman Emperor in the film's time would have been Anthemius. The Roman family which Arthur rescues lives north of Hadrian's Wall. This mission would be unlikely because the Wall",
"title": "King Arthur (2004 film)"
},
{
"id": "12360244",
"text": "\"Merlin\", about the mythical wizard Merlin. Head played King Uther Pendragon, the father of Prince Arthur. Head also provides voice-over work in the Nintendo Wii video game, \"Flip's Twisted World\", developed by Frozen North Productions. For his acting in the film \"Despite the Falling Snow\" he won the Best Supporting Actor award at the 2016 Prague Independent Film Festival. In July 2018 Head was added to the cast of long-running BBC radio soap-opera The Archers, playing Robin Fairbrother, member of a family with several past and current connections to the Archers themselves. Head lives with his partner Sarah Fisher and",
"title": "Anthony Head"
},
{
"id": "970755",
"text": "Edwardian era The Edwardian era or Edwardian period of British history covers the brief reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910, and is sometimes extended in both directions to capture long-term trends from the 1890s to the First World War. The death of Queen Victoria in January 1901 marked the end of the Victorian era. Her successor, Edward VII, was already the leader of a fashionable elite that set a style influenced by the art and fashions of continental Europe. Samuel Hynes described the Edwardian era as a \"leisurely time when women wore picture hats and did not vote,",
"title": "Edwardian era"
}
] | how old was arthur pendragon when he became king |
[
"an iron–nickel alloy"
] | [
{
"id": "111078",
"text": "winds is called the geoid. More precisely, the geoid is the surface of gravitational equipotential at mean sea level. Earth's mass is approximately (5,970 Yg). It is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminium (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements. Due to mass segregation, the core region is estimated to be primarily composed of iron (88.8%), with smaller amounts of nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements. The most common rock constituents of the crust are nearly all oxides:",
"title": "Earth"
},
{
"id": "2385708",
"text": "in having a great deal more magnesium and significantly more iron, while having much less aluminum and sodium. Due to mass segregation, the core of the Earth is believed to be primarily composed of iron (88.8%), with smaller amounts of nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements. The most abundant elements in the ocean by proportion of mass in percent are oxygen (85.84), hydrogen (10.82), chlorine (1.94), sodium (1.08), magnesium (0.1292), sulfur (0.091), calcium (0.04), potassium (0.04), bromine (0.0067), carbon (0.0028), and boron (0.00043). The order of elements by volume-fraction (which is approximately molecular mole-fraction) in the",
"title": "Abundance of the chemical elements"
},
{
"id": "9239",
"text": "matter that formed the Sun, but the planets acquired different compositions during the formation and evolution of the solar system. In turn, the natural history of the Earth caused parts of this planet to have differing concentrations of the elements. The mass of the Earth is approximately 5.98 kg. It is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminium (1.4%); with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements. Due to planetary differentiation, the core region is believed to be primarily composed of iron (88.8%), with smaller",
"title": "Alkali metal"
},
{
"id": "9855008",
"text": "of Earth's volume but more than 30% of the mass, the mantle for 84% of the volume and close to 70% of the mass, while the crust accounts for less than 1% of the mass. About 90% of the mass of the Earth is composed of the iron–nickel alloy (95% iron) in the core (30%), and the silicon dioxides (c. 33%) and magnesium oxide (c. 27%) in the mantle and crust. Minor contributions are from iron(II) oxide (5%), aluminium oxide (3%) and calcium oxide (2%), besides numerous trace elements (in elementary terms: iron and oxygen c. 32% each, magnesium and",
"title": "Earth mass"
},
{
"id": "6265337",
"text": "Inner core The Earth's inner core is the Earth's innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about , which is about 70% of the Moon's radius. It is composed of an iron–nickel alloy and some other elements. The temperature at the inner core's surface is approximately or 9806 °F, which is about the temperature at the surface of the Sun. The Earth was discovered to have a solid inner core distinct from its molten outer core in 1936, by the Danish seismologist Inge Lehmann, who deduced its presence by studying seismograms from earthquakes in New",
"title": "Inner core"
},
{
"id": "6265351",
"text": "feature that was present during the planet's formation, but a feature younger than the Earth (the Earth is about 4.5 billion years old). Inner core The Earth's inner core is the Earth's innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about , which is about 70% of the Moon's radius. It is composed of an iron–nickel alloy and some other elements. The temperature at the inner core's surface is approximately or 9806 °F, which is about the temperature at the surface of the Sun. The Earth was discovered to have a solid inner core distinct from",
"title": "Inner core"
},
{
"id": "4463733",
"text": "to sink toward the center in a process called planetary differentiation (see also the iron catastrophe), while less-dense materials would have migrated to the crust. The core is thus believed to largely be composed of iron (80%), along with nickel and one or more light elements, whereas other dense elements, such as lead and uranium, either are too rare to be significant or tend to bind to lighter elements and thus remain in the crust (see felsic materials). Some have argued that the inner core may be in the form of a single iron crystal. Under laboratory conditions a sample",
"title": "Structure of the Earth"
},
{
"id": "4463734",
"text": "of iron–nickel alloy was subjected to the corelike pressures by gripping it in a vise between 2 diamond tips (diamond anvil cell), and then heating to approximately 4000 K. The sample was observed with x-rays, and strongly supported the theory that Earth's inner core was made of giant crystals running north to south. The liquid outer core surrounds the inner core and is believed to be composed of iron mixed with nickel and trace amounts of lighter elements. Recent speculation suggests that the innermost part of the core is enriched in gold, platinum and other siderophile elements. The matter that",
"title": "Structure of the Earth"
},
{
"id": "111079",
"text": "chlorine, sulfur, and fluorine are the important exceptions to this and their total amount in any rock is usually much less than 1%. Over 99% of the crust is composed of 11 oxides, principally silica, alumina, iron oxides, lime, magnesia, potash, and soda. Earth's interior, like that of the other terrestrial planets, is divided into layers by their chemical or physical (rheological) properties. The outer layer is a chemically distinct silicate solid crust, which is underlain by a highly viscous solid mantle. The crust is separated from the mantle by the Mohorovičić discontinuity. The thickness of the crust varies from",
"title": "Earth"
},
{
"id": "4463738",
"text": "decay of radioactive elements, and freezing of the inner core. Structure of the Earth The internal structure of the Earth is layered in spherical shells: an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous asthenosphere and mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core. Scientific understanding of the internal structure of the Earth is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater depths by volcanoes or volcanic activity, analysis of the seismic waves that pass through the Earth, measurements of",
"title": "Structure of the Earth"
},
{
"id": "252617",
"text": "rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum), germanium, and tin—can be counted as siderophiles but only in terms of their primary occurrence in the Earth (core, mantle and crust), rather the crust. These metals otherwise occur in the crust, in small quantities, chiefly as chalcophiles (less so in their native form). The rotating fluid outer core of the Earth's interior, which is composed mostly of iron, is thought to be the source of Earth's protective magnetic field. The core lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. If it could be rearranged into a column having a 5m footprint",
"title": "Metal"
},
{
"id": "6265340",
"text": "Based on the relative prevalence of various chemical elements in the Solar System, the theory of planetary formation, and constraints imposed or implied by the chemistry of the rest of the Earth's volume, the inner core is believed to consist primarily of a nickel-iron alloy. Pure iron was found to be denser than the core by approximately 3%, implying the presence of light elements in the core (e.g. silicon, oxygen, sulfur) in addition to the probable presence of nickel. Further, if the primordial and mostly \"fluid\" (still forming) earth contained any significant mass(es) of elements denser than iron and nickel,",
"title": "Inner core"
},
{
"id": "3510692",
"text": "cores). Using the chondritic reference model and combining known compositions of the crust and mantle, the unknown component, the composition of the inner and outer core, can be determined; 85% Fe, 5% Ni, 0.9% Cr, 0.25% Co, and all other refractory metals at very low concentration. This leaves Earth's core with a 5–10% weight deficit for the outer core, and a 4–5% weight deficit for the inner core; which is attributed to lighter elements that should be cosmically abundant and are iron-soluble; H, O, C, S, P, and Si. Earth's core contains half the Earth's vanadium and chromium, and may",
"title": "Planetary core"
},
{
"id": "4463722",
"text": "Structure of the Earth The internal structure of the Earth is layered in spherical shells: an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous asthenosphere and mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core. Scientific understanding of the internal structure of the Earth is based on observations of topography and bathymetry, observations of rock in outcrop, samples brought to the surface from greater depths by volcanoes or volcanic activity, analysis of the seismic waves that pass through the Earth, measurements of the gravitational and magnetic fields of the Earth, and experiments",
"title": "Structure of the Earth"
},
{
"id": "2385689",
"text": "in the Sun and outer planets is similar to that in the universe. Due to solar heating, the elements of Earth and the inner rocky planets of the Solar System have undergone an additional depletion of volatile hydrogen, helium, neon, nitrogen, and carbon (which volatilizes as methane). The crust, mantle, and core of the Earth show evidence of chemical segregation plus some sequestration by density. Lighter silicates of aluminum are found in the crust, with more magnesium silicate in the mantle, while metallic iron and nickel compose the core. The abundance of elements in specialized environments, such as atmospheres, or",
"title": "Abundance of the chemical elements"
},
{
"id": "4463731",
"text": "of the modern value. Seismic measurements show that the core is divided into two parts, a \"solid\" inner core with a radius of ≈1,220 km and a liquid outer core extending beyond it to a radius of ≈3,400 km. The densities are between 9,900 and 12,200 kg/m in the outer core and 12,600–13,000 kg/m in the inner core. The inner core was discovered in 1936 by Inge Lehmann and is generally believed to be composed primarily of iron and some nickel. Since this layer is able to transmit shear waves (transverse seismic waves), it must be solid. Experimental evidence has",
"title": "Structure of the Earth"
},
{
"id": "2385700",
"text": "of the volatile elements hydrogen, helium, neon, and nitrogen, as well as carbon which has been lost as volatile hydrocarbons. The remaining elemental composition is roughly typical of the \"rocky\" inner planets, which formed in the thermal zone where solar heat drove volatile compounds into space. The Earth retains oxygen as the second-largest component of its mass (and largest atomic-fraction), mainly from this element being retained in silicate minerals which have a very high melting point and low vapor pressure. The mass-abundance of the nine most abundant elements in the Earth's crust is approximately: oxygen 46%, silicon 28%, aluminum 8.2%,",
"title": "Abundance of the chemical elements"
},
{
"id": "17669624",
"text": "primordial heat, respectively. The structure of the Earth is a rigid outer crust that is composed of thicker continental crust and thinner oceanic crust, solid but plastically flowing mantle, a liquid outer core, and a solid inner core. The fluidity of a material is proportional to temperature; thus, the solid mantle can still flow on long time scales, as a function of its temperature and therefore as a function of the flow of Earth's internal heat. The mantle convects in response to heat escaping from Earth's interior, with hotter and more buoyant mantle rising and cooler, and therefore denser, mantle",
"title": "Earth's internal heat budget"
},
{
"id": "11450132",
"text": "the solid parts of planetary cores. The inner core of the Earth is generally assumed to consist essentially of a crystalline iron-nickel alloy with ε structure. The outer core surrounding the solid inner core is believed to be composed of liquid iron mixed with nickel and trace amounts of lighter elements. As molten iron cools down, it solidifies at 1,538 °C (2,800 °F) into its δ allotrope, which has a body-centered cubic (BCC) crystal structure. δ-iron can dissolve as much as 0.08% of carbon by mass at 1,475 °C. As the iron cools further to 1,394 °C its crystal structure",
"title": "Allotropes of iron"
},
{
"id": "511360",
"text": "Mg and Ca, dominate in the Earth's crust, forming silicates and other oxides. \"Siderophile\" elements (Fe, Co, Ni, Pt, Re, Os) have an affinity for iron and tend to concentrate in the core. \"Chalcophile\" elements (Cu, Ag, Zn, Pb, S) form sulfides; and \"atmophile\" elements (O, N, H and noble gases) dominate the atmosphere. Within each group, some elements are refractory, remaining stable at high temperatures, while others are volatile, evaporating more easily, so heating can separate them. The chemical composition of the Earth and other bodies is determined by two opposing processes: differentiation and mixing. In the Earth's mantle,",
"title": "Geochemistry"
},
{
"id": "1293843",
"text": "only planet in our Solar System with plate tectonics. The crust is a thin shell on the outside of the Earth, accounting for less than 1% of Earth's volume. It is the top component of lithosphere: a division of Earth's layers that includes the crust and the upper part of the mantle. The lithosphere is broken into tectonic plates that move, allowing heat to escape from the interior of the Earth into space. The crust lies on top of the mantle, a configuration that is stable because the upper mantle is made of peridotite and so is significantly denser than",
"title": "Crust (geology)"
},
{
"id": "111088",
"text": "Earth is metamorphic rock, which is created from the transformation of pre-existing rock types through high pressures, high temperatures, or both. The most abundant silicate minerals on Earth's surface include quartz, feldspars, amphibole, mica, pyroxene and olivine. Common carbonate minerals include calcite (found in limestone) and dolomite. The elevation of the land surface varies from the low point of at the Dead Sea, to a maximum altitude of at the top of Mount Everest. The mean height of land above sea level is about . The pedosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's continental surface and is composed of soil",
"title": "Earth"
},
{
"id": "5345777",
"text": "which is a product of differentiation of lighter elements during partial melting in the lower crust, appeared at the end of the Hadean, about 4.0 Ga. What is left of these first small continents are called cratons. These pieces of late Hadean and early Archean crust form the cores around which today's continents grew. The oldest rocks on Earth are found in the North American craton of Canada. They are tonalites from about 4.0 Ga. They show traces of metamorphism by high temperature, but also sedimentary grains that have been rounded by erosion during transport by water, showing that rivers",
"title": "History of Earth"
},
{
"id": "1298995",
"text": "Outer core The outer core of the Earth is a fluid layer about thick and composed of mostly iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle. Its outer boundary lies beneath Earth's surface. The transition between the inner core and outer core is located approximately beneath the Earth's surface. Unlike the inner core, the outer core is liquid. The inner core is also referred to as the solid core. Seismic inversions of body waves and normal modes constrain the radius of the outer core to be 3483 km with an uncertainty of 5 km,",
"title": "Outer core"
},
{
"id": "280664",
"text": "component of nucleic acids, amino acids and thus proteins, and the energy-carrying molecule adenosine triphosphate and is thus vital to all life on Earth. Nitrogen is the most common pure element in the earth, making up 78.1% of the entire volume of the atmosphere. Despite this, it is not very abundant in Earth's crust, making up only 19 parts per million of this, on par with niobium, gallium, and lithium. The only important nitrogen minerals are nitre (potassium nitrate, saltpetre) and sodanitre (sodium nitrate, Chilean saltpetre). However, these have not been an important source of nitrates since the 1920s, when",
"title": "Nitrogen"
},
{
"id": "111061",
"text": "the Moon causes ocean tides, stabilizes Earth's orientation on its axis, and gradually slows its rotation. Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets. Earth's lithosphere is divided into several rigid tectonic plates that migrate across the surface over periods of many millions of years. About 71% of Earth's surface is covered with water, mostly by oceans. The remaining 29% is land consisting of continents and islands that together have many lakes, rivers and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere. The majority of Earth's polar regions are covered",
"title": "Earth"
},
{
"id": "111080",
"text": "about under the oceans to for the continents. The crust and the cold, rigid, top of the upper mantle are collectively known as the lithosphere, and it is of the lithosphere that the tectonic plates are composed. Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, a relatively low-viscosity layer on which the lithosphere rides. Important changes in crystal structure within the mantle occur at below the surface, spanning a transition zone that separates the upper and lower mantle. Beneath the mantle, an extremely low viscosity liquid outer core lies above a solid inner core. The Earth's inner core might rotate at a",
"title": "Earth"
},
{
"id": "4463736",
"text": "certain normally oxyphile elements existing either partially or wholly in the alloy portion that corresponds to the core of Earth. Dynamo theory suggests that convection in the outer core, combined with the Coriolis effect, gives rise to Earth's magnetic field. The solid inner core is too hot to hold a permanent magnetic field (see Curie temperature) but probably acts to stabilize the magnetic field generated by the liquid outer core. The average magnetic field strength in Earth's outer core is estimated to be 25 Gauss (2.5 mT), 50 times stronger than the magnetic field at the surface. Recent evidence has",
"title": "Structure of the Earth"
},
{
"id": "261760",
"text": "element, as with oxygen (O); or it may be heteronuclear, a chemical compound composed of more than one element, as with water (HO). Atoms and complexes connected by non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or ionic bonds, are generally not considered single molecules. Molecules as components of matter are common in organic substances (and therefore biochemistry). They also make up most of the oceans and atmosphere. However, the majority of familiar solid substances on Earth, including most of the minerals that make up the crust, mantle, and core of the Earth, contain many chemical bonds, but are \"not\" made of",
"title": "Molecule"
},
{
"id": "111081",
"text": "slightly higher angular velocity than the remainder of the planet, advancing by 0.1–0.5° per year. The radius of the inner core is about one fifth of that of Earth. Earth's internal heat comes from a combination of residual heat from planetary accretion (about 20%) and heat produced through radioactive decay (80%). The major heat-producing isotopes within Earth are potassium-40, uranium-238, and thorium-232. At the center, the temperature may be up to , and the pressure could reach . Because much of the heat is provided by radioactive decay, scientists postulate that early in Earth's history, before isotopes with short half-lives",
"title": "Earth"
},
{
"id": "4463725",
"text": "increase in seismic velocity and are similar to light reflecting from a mirror. The Earth's crust ranges from in depth and is the outermost layer. The thin parts are the oceanic crust, which underlie the ocean basins (5–10 km) and are composed of dense (mafic) iron magnesium silicate igneous rocks, like basalt. The thicker crust is continental crust, which is less dense and composed of (felsic) sodium potassium aluminium silicate rocks, like granite. The rocks of the crust fall into two major categories – sial and sima (Suess,1831–1914). It is estimated that sima starts about 11 km below the Conrad",
"title": "Structure of the Earth"
},
{
"id": "61353",
"text": "elements (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon) are composed of lone atoms as their smallest discrete unit, but the other isolated chemical elements consist of either molecules or networks of atoms bonded to each other in some way. Identifiable molecules compose familiar substances such as water, air, and many organic compounds like alcohol, sugar, gasoline, and the various pharmaceuticals. However, not all substances or chemical compounds consist of discrete molecules, and indeed most of the solid substances that make up the solid crust, mantle, and core of the Earth are chemical compounds without molecules. These other types of substances,",
"title": "Chemistry"
},
{
"id": "4698843",
"text": "creating a bipolar world order. The heart of civilisation consists of Western Europe, North America, Australasia and Japan. The population of the core is by far the wealthiest and best educated on the planet. Core countries control and profit the most from the world system, and thus they are the \"core\" of the world system. These countries possess the ability to exercise control over other countries or groups of countries with several kinds of power such as military, economic, and political power. The United States, Canada, the countries of the European Union, Australia, South Korea and Japan are examples of",
"title": "Core countries"
},
{
"id": "3510700",
"text": "The Fe/Ni value of the core is well constrained by chondritic meteorites. Sulfur, carbon, and phosphorus only account for ~2.5% of the light element component/mass deficit. No geochemical evidence exists for including any radioactive elements in the core. However, experimental evidence has found that potassium is strongly siderophile when dealing with temperatures associated with core-accretion, and thus potassium-40 could have provided an important source of heat contributing to the early Earth's dynamo, though to a lesser extent than on sulfur rich Mars. The core contains half the Earth's vanadium and chromium, and may contain considerable niobium and tantalum. The core",
"title": "Planetary core"
},
{
"id": "111062",
"text": "in ice, including the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea ice of the Arctic ice pack. Earth's interior remains active with a solid iron inner core, a liquid outer core that generates the Earth's magnetic field, and a convecting mantle that drives plate tectonics. Within the first billion years of Earth's history, life appeared in the oceans and began to affect the Earth's atmosphere and surface, leading to the proliferation of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some geological evidence indicates that life may have arisen as much as 4.1 billion years ago. Since then, the combination of Earth's distance from the",
"title": "Earth"
},
{
"id": "4463737",
"text": "suggested that the inner core of Earth may rotate slightly faster than the rest of the planet; however, more recent studies in 2011 found this hypothesis to be inconclusive. Options remain for the core which may be oscillatory in nature or a chaotic system. In August 2005 a team of geophysicists announced in the journal \"Science\" that, according to their estimates, Earth's inner core rotates approximately 0.3 to 0.5 degrees per year faster relative to the rotation of the surface. The current scientific explanation for Earth's temperature gradient is a combination of heat left over from the planet's initial formation,",
"title": "Structure of the Earth"
},
{
"id": "1639925",
"text": "atmospheres were then modified over time by various complex factors, resulting in quite different outcomes. The atmospheres of the planets Venus and Mars are primarily composed of carbon dioxide, with small quantities of nitrogen, argon, oxygen and traces of other gases. The composition of Earth's atmosphere is largely governed by the by-products of the life that it sustains. Dry air from Earth's atmosphere contains 78.08% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and traces of hydrogen, helium, and other \"noble\" gases (by volume), but generally a variable amount of water vapor is also present, on average about 1% at",
"title": "Atmosphere"
},
{
"id": "111087",
"text": "eruptions, flooding, weathering, glaciation, the growth of coral reefs, and meteorite impacts are among the processes that constantly reshape the Earth's surface over geological time. The continental crust consists of lower density material such as the igneous rocks granite and andesite. Less common is basalt, a denser volcanic rock that is the primary constituent of the ocean floors. Sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of sediment that becomes buried and compacted together. Nearly 75% of the continental surfaces are covered by sedimentary rocks, although they form about 5% of the crust. The third form of rock material found on",
"title": "Earth"
},
{
"id": "984159",
"text": "represented by stars, planets and living beings. The balance is made of dark energy and dark matter, both of which are poorly understood at present. Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen constitute the great bulk of the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, crust, and biosphere; the remaining nonmetals have abundances of 0.5 per cent or less. In comparison, 35 per cent of the crust is made up of the metals sodium, magnesium, aluminium, potassium and iron; together with a metalloid, silicon. All other metals and metalloids have abundances within the crust, oceans or biosphere of 0.2 per cent or less. Nonmetals, and metalloids,",
"title": "Nonmetal"
},
{
"id": "17669627",
"text": "upwelling), as observed in the . The radioactive decay of elements in the Earth's mantle and crust results in production of daughter isotopes and release of geoneutrinos and heat energy, or radiogenic heat. Four radioactive isotopes are responsible for the majority of radiogenic heat because of their enrichment relative to other radioactive isotopes: uranium-238 (U), uranium-235 (U), thorium-232 (Th), and potassium-40 (K). Due to a lack of rock samples from below 200 km depth, it is difficult to determine precisely the radiogenic heat throughout the whole mantle, although some estimates are available. For the Earth's core, geochemical studies indicate that",
"title": "Earth's internal heat budget"
},
{
"id": "3925628",
"text": "Mantle (geology) The mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. Mantles are made of rock or ices, and are generally the largest and most massive layer of the planetary body. Mantles are characteristic of planetary bodies that have undergone differentiation by density. All terrestrial planets (including Earth), a number of asteroids, and some planetary moons have mantles. The Earth's mantle is a layer of silicate rock between the crust and the outer core. Its mass of 4.01 × 10 kg is 67% the mass of the Earth. It has",
"title": "Mantle (geology)"
},
{
"id": "1639908",
"text": "primarily hydrogen. There were probably simple hydrides such as those now found in the gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn), notably water vapor, methane and ammonia. Outgassing from volcanism, supplemented by gases produced during the late heavy bombardment of Earth by huge asteroids, produced the next atmosphere, consisting largely of nitrogen plus carbon dioxide and inert gases. A major part of carbon-dioxide emissions dissolved in water and reacted with metals such as calcium and magnesium during weathering of crustal rocks to form carbonates that were deposited as sediments. Water-related sediments have been found that date from as early as 3.8 billion",
"title": "Atmosphere of Earth"
},
{
"id": "193601",
"text": "nuclei in ordinary matter to fuse into Fe nuclei. Fission and alpha-particle emission would then make heavy nuclei decay into iron, converting all stellar-mass objects to cold spheres of pure iron. Metallic or native iron is rarely found on the surface of the Earth because it tends to oxidize, but its oxides are pervasive and represent the primary ores. While it makes up about 5% of the Earth's crust, both the Earth's inner and outer core are believed to consist largely of an iron-nickel alloy constituting 35% of the mass of the Earth as a whole. Iron is consequently the",
"title": "Iron"
},
{
"id": "3510693",
"text": "contain considerable niobium and tantalum. Earth's core is depleted in germanium and gallium. Sulfur is strongly siderophilic and only moderately volatile and depleted in the silicate earth; thus may account for 1.9 weight % of Earth's core. By similar arguments, phosphorus may be present up to 0.2 weight %. Hydrogen and carbon, however, are highly volatile and thus would have been lost during early accretion and therefore can only account for 0.1 to 0.2 weight % respectively. Silicon and oxygen thus make up the remaining mass deficit of Earth's core; though the abundances of each are still a matter of",
"title": "Planetary core"
},
{
"id": "18772896",
"text": "of elements heavier than helium in the interstellar medium. When gravitational attraction causes this matter to coalesce and collapse new stars and planets are formed. The Earth's crust is made of approximately 5% of heavy metals by weight, with iron comprising 95% of this quantity. Light metals (~20%) and nonmetals (~75%) make up the other 95% of the crust. Despite their overall scarcity, heavy metals can become concentrated in economically extractable quantities as a result of mountain building, erosion, or other geological processes. Heavy metals are primarily found as lithophiles (rock-loving) or chalcophiles (ore-loving). Lithophile heavy metals are mainly f-block",
"title": "Heavy metals"
},
{
"id": "1777695",
"text": "most abundant heavier elements were iron and nickel, which now form the Earth's core. Though the surface rocks of the Earth have cooled enough to solidify, the outer core of the planet is still hot enough to remain liquid. Energy is still being released; volcanic and tectonic activity has pushed rocks into hills and mountains and blown them out of calderas. Meteors also create impact craters and surrounding ridges. However, if the energy release ceases from these processes, then they tend to erode away over time and return toward the lowest potential-energy curve of the ellipsoid. Weather powered by solar",
"title": "Spherical Earth"
},
{
"id": "1293954",
"text": "Lithosphere A lithosphere ( [\"lithos\"] for \"rocky\", and [\"sphaira\"] for \"sphere\") is the rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet, or natural satellite, that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. On Earth, it is composed of the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or greater. The outermost shell of a rocky planet, the crust, is defined on the basis of its chemistry and mineralogy. The study of past and current formations of landscapes is called geomorphology. Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute",
"title": "Lithosphere"
},
{
"id": "373874",
"text": "abundances are not replicated well on Earth due to substantial separation of the elements taking place during the formation of the Solar System. Silicon makes up 27.2% of the Earth's crust by weight, second only to oxygen at 45.5%, with which it always is associated in nature. Further fractionation took place in the formation of the Earth by planetary differentiation: Earth's core, which makes up 31.5% of the mass of the Earth, has approximate composition FeNiCoS; the mantle makes up 68.1% of the Earth's mass and is composed mostly of denser oxides and silicates, an example being olivine, (Mg,Fe)SiO; while",
"title": "Silicon"
},
{
"id": "10692282",
"text": "(found in limestone), aragonite, and dolomite. The pedosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Currently the total arable land is 13.31% of the land surface, with only 4.71% supporting permanent crops. Close to 40% of the Earth's land surface is presently used for cropland and pasture, or an estimated of cropland and of pastureland. The physical features of land are remarkably varied. The largest mountain ranges—the Himalayas in Asia and the Andes in South America—extend for",
"title": "Geology of solar terrestrial planets"
},
{
"id": "406115",
"text": "since decayed and no longer contribute. In the Earth's crust, thorium is much more abundant: with an abundance of 8.1 parts per million (ppm), it is one of the most abundant of the heavy elements, almost as abundant as lead (13 ppm) and more abundant than tin (2.1 ppm). This is because thorium is likely to form oxide minerals that do not sink into the core; it is classified as a lithophile. Common thorium compounds are also poorly soluble in water. Thus, even though the Earth contains the same abundances of the elements as the Solar System as a whole,",
"title": "Thorium"
},
{
"id": "12378238",
"text": "thousands of known forms. In contrast, a rock sample is a random aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids, and has no specific chemical composition. The vast majority of the rocks of the Earth's crust consist of quartz (crystalline SiO), feldspar, mica, chlorite, kaolin, calcite, epidote, olivine, augite, hornblende, magnetite, hematite, limonite and a few other minerals. Some minerals, like quartz, mica or feldspar are common, while others have been found in only a few locations worldwide. The largest group of minerals by far is the silicates (most rocks are ≥95% silicates), which are composed largely of silicon and oxygen, with the",
"title": "Solid"
},
{
"id": "5345769",
"text": "(metallic) core only 10 million years after the Earth began to form, producing the layered structure of Earth and setting up the formation of Earth's magnetic field. J. A. Jacobs was the first to suggest that the inner core—a solid center distinct from the liquid outer core—is freezing and growing out of the liquid outer core due to the gradual cooling of Earth's interior (about 100 degrees Celsius per billion years). The first eon in Earth's history, the \"Hadean\", begins with the Earth's formation and is followed by the \"Archean\" eon at 3.8 Ga. The oldest rocks found on Earth",
"title": "History of Earth"
},
{
"id": "511386",
"text": "may be significant errors in its prediction of volatile abundances because some volatiles are only partially condensed. The more common rock constituents are nearly all oxides; chlorides, sulfides and fluorides are the only important exceptions to this and their total amount in any rock is usually much less than 1%. F. W. Clarke has calculated that a little more than 47% of the Earth's crust consists of oxygen. It occurs principally in combination as oxides, of which the chief are silica, alumina, iron oxides, and various carbonates (calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate). The silica functions principally",
"title": "Geochemistry"
},
{
"id": "17669630",
"text": "Earth as it continues to cool from its original formation, and this is in contrast to its still actively-produced radiogenic heat. The Earth core's heat flow—heat leaving the core and flowing into the overlying mantle—is thought to be due to primordial heat, and is estimated at 5–15 TW. Estimates of mantle primordial heat loss range between 7 and 15 TW, which is calculated as the remainder of heat after removal of core heat flow and bulk-Earth radiogenic heat production from the observed surface heat flow. The early formation of the Earth's dense core could have caused superheating and rapid heat",
"title": "Earth's internal heat budget"
},
{
"id": "15429270",
"text": "conventional view of the Earth's interior as a uniform molten liquid was false, and that the Earth is in fact composed of a nickel-iron core, a thin crust, and that aside from a thin layer of dunitic material between the Earth's crust and mantle, the rest of the Earth's interior is iron, magnesium, silicon, and oxygen. Leason Adams Leason Heberling Adams (January 16, 1887 – August 20, 1969) was an American geophysicist and researcher. His principal achievement was his research on the properties of materials exposed to very high pressures, which he used to derive information on the nature of",
"title": "Leason Adams"
},
{
"id": "10692281",
"text": "is basalt, a denser volcanic rock that is the primary constituent of the ocean floors. Sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of sediment that becomes compacted together. Nearly 75% of the continental surfaces are covered by sedimentary rocks, although they form only about 5% of the crust. The third form of rock material found on Earth is metamorphic rock, which is created from the transformation of pre-existing rock types through high pressures, high temperatures, or both. The most abundant silicate minerals on the Earth's surface include quartz, the feldspars, amphibole, mica, pyroxene, and olivine. Common carbonate minerals include calcite",
"title": "Geology of solar terrestrial planets"
},
{
"id": "111092",
"text": ", with a scale height of about . A dry atmosphere is composed of 78.084% nitrogen, 20.946% oxygen, 0.934% argon, and trace amounts of carbon dioxide and other gaseous molecules. Water vapor content varies between 0.01% and 4% but averages about 1%. The height of the troposphere varies with latitude, ranging between at the poles to at the equator, with some variation resulting from weather and seasonal factors. Earth's biosphere has significantly altered its atmosphere. Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved , forming the primarily nitrogen–oxygen atmosphere of today. This change enabled the proliferation of aerobic organisms and, indirectly, the formation of the",
"title": "Earth"
},
{
"id": "484827",
"text": "Soil Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil. The pedosphere interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. The term \"pedolith\", used commonly to refer to the soil, translates to \"ground stone\". Soil consists of a solid phase",
"title": "Soil"
},
{
"id": "2385699",
"text": "the solar system. In turn, the natural history of the Earth caused parts of this planet to have differing concentrations of the elements. The mass of the Earth is approximately 5.98 kg. In bulk, by mass, it is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminium (1.4%); with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements. The bulk composition of the Earth by elemental-mass is roughly similar to the gross composition of the solar system, with the major differences being that Earth is missing a great deal",
"title": "Abundance of the chemical elements"
},
{
"id": "1639877",
"text": "Atmosphere of Earth The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for liquid water to exist on the Earth's surface, absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night (the diurnal temperature variation). By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water",
"title": "Atmosphere of Earth"
},
{
"id": "3510686",
"text": "Planetary core The planetary core consists of the innermost layer(s) of a planet; which may be composed of solid and liquid layers. Cores of specific planets may be entirely solid or entirely liquid. In the Solar System, core size can range from about 20% (Moon) to 85% of a planet's radius (Mercury). Gas giants also have cores, though the composition of these are still a matter of debate and range in possible composition from traditional stony/iron, to ice or to fluid metallic hydrogen. Gas giant cores are proportionally much smaller than those of terrestrial planets, though theirs can be considerably",
"title": "Planetary core"
},
{
"id": "6265344",
"text": "would be found to be homogeneous, because the solid inner core was originally formed by a gradual cooling of molten material, and continues to grow as a result of that same process. Even though it is growing into liquid, it is solid, due to the very high pressure that keeps it compacted together even if the temperature is extremely high. It was even suggested that Earth's inner core might be a single crystal of iron. However, this prediction was disproved by observations indicating that in fact there is a degree of disorder within the inner core. Seismologists have found that",
"title": "Inner core"
},
{
"id": "289894",
"text": "in oceans and other large bodies of water, with 1.6% of water below ground in aquifers and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds, and precipitation. Oceans hold 97% of surface water, glaciers, and polar ice caps 2.4%, and other land surface water such as rivers, lakes, and ponds 0.6%. Additionally, a minute amount of the Earth's water is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products. An ocean is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface (an area of some 361 million square kilometers) is covered by ocean,",
"title": "Nature"
},
{
"id": "73001",
"text": "the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The four lightest chalcogens (oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium) are all primordial elements on Earth. Sulfur and oxygen occur as constituent copper ores and selenium and tellurium occur in small traces in such ores. Polonium forms naturally after the decay of other elements, even though it is not primordial. Livermorium does not occur naturally at all. Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere by weight, 89% of water by weight, 46% of the earth's crust by weight, and 65% of the human body. Oxygen also occurs in many minerals, being found in all oxide minerals",
"title": "Chalcogen"
},
{
"id": "2805738",
"text": "Topsoil Topsoil is the upper, outermost layer of soil, usually the top to . It has the highest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms and is where most of the Earth's biological soil activity occurs. Topsoil is composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, and air. Organic matter varies in quantity on different soils. The strength of soil structure decreases with the presence of organic matter, creating weak bearing capacities. Organic matter condenses and settles in different ways under certain conditions, such as roadbeds and foundations. The structure becomes affected once the soil is dewatered. The soil's volume substantially decreases.",
"title": "Topsoil"
},
{
"id": "193583",
"text": "Iron Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust. Its abundance in rocky planets like Earth is due to its abundant production by fusion in high-mass stars, where it is the last element to be produced with release of energy before the violent collapse of a supernova, which scatters the iron into space. Like the other",
"title": "Iron"
},
{
"id": "111089",
"text": "and subject to soil formation processes. The total arable land is 10.9% of the land surface, with 1.3% being permanent cropland. Close to 40% of Earth's land surface is used for agriculture, or an estimated of cropland and of pastureland. The abundance of water on Earth's surface is a unique feature that distinguishes the \"Blue Planet\" from other planets in the Solar System. Earth's hydrosphere consists chiefly of the oceans, but technically includes all water surfaces in the world, including inland seas, lakes, rivers, and underground waters down to a depth of . The deepest underwater location is Challenger Deep",
"title": "Earth"
},
{
"id": "582366",
"text": "is one of the most important determinants of the amount of carbon in the atmosphere, and thus of global temperatures. Most of the earth's carbon is stored inertly in the earth's lithosphere. Much of the carbon stored in the earth's mantle was stored there when the earth formed. Some of it was deposited in the form of organic carbon from the biosphere. Of the carbon stored in the geosphere, about 80% is limestone and its derivatives, which form from the sedimentation of calcium carbonate stored in the shells of marine organisms. The remaining 20% is stored as kerogens formed through",
"title": "Carbon cycle"
},
{
"id": "4143255",
"text": "Pedosphere The pedosphere (from Greek πέδον \"pedon\" \"soil\" or \"earth\" and σφαῖρα \"sphaira\" \"sphere\") is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. It exists at the interface of the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The pedosphere is the skin of the Earth and only develops when there is a dynamic interaction between the atmosphere (air in and above the soil), biosphere (living organisms), lithosphere (unconsolidated regolith and consolidated bedrock) and the hydrosphere (water in, on and below the soil). The pedosphere is the foundation of terrestrial life on Earth. The",
"title": "Pedosphere"
},
{
"id": "63223",
"text": "PAHs seem to have been formed \"a couple of billion years\" after the Big Bang, are widespread throughout the universe, and are associated with new stars and exoplanets. It has been estimated that the solid earth as a whole contains 730 ppm of carbon, with 2000 ppm in the core and 120 ppm in the combined mantle and crust. Since the mass of the earth is , this would imply 4360 million gigatonnes of carbon. This is much more than the amount of carbon in the oceans or atmosphere (below). In combination with oxygen in carbon dioxide, carbon is found",
"title": "Carbon"
},
{
"id": "1533298",
"text": "be dangerous in large enough quantities due to its radioactivity. Nickel (Ni) is an element in period 4, between cobalt and copper. Nickel is rare in the Earth's crust, mainly due to the fact that it reacts with oxygen in the air, with most of the nickel on Earth coming from nickel iron meteorites. However, nickel is incredibly common in the Earth's core; along with iron it is one of the two main components. Nickel is an important component of stainless steel, and in many superalloys. Copper (Cu) is an element in period 4, between nickel and zinc. Copper is",
"title": "Period 4 element"
},
{
"id": "1639893",
"text": "layers because a larger atmospheric weight sits on top of the troposphere and causes it to be most severely compressed. Fifty percent of the total mass of the atmosphere is located in the lower of the troposphere. Nearly all atmospheric water vapor or moisture is found in the troposphere, so it is the layer where most of Earth's weather takes place. It has basically all the weather-associated cloud genus types generated by active wind circulation, although very tall cumulonimbus thunder clouds can penetrate the tropopause from below and rise into the lower part of the stratosphere. Most conventional aviation activity",
"title": "Atmosphere of Earth"
},
{
"id": "7521100",
"text": "Solar core The core of the Sun is considered to extend from the center to about 0.2 to 0.25 of solar radius. It is the hottest part of the Sun and of the Solar System. It has a density of 150 g/cm (150 times the density of liquid water) at the center, and a temperature of 15 million kelvins (15 million degrees Celsius, 27 million degrees Fahrenheit). The core is made of hot, dense plasma (ions and electrons), at a pressure estimated at 265 billion bar (3.84 trillion psi or 26.5 petapascals (PPa)) at the center. Due to fusion, the",
"title": "Solar core"
},
{
"id": "511387",
"text": "as an acid, forming silicates, and all the commonest minerals of igneous rocks are of this nature. From a computation based on 1672 analyses of numerous kinds of rocks Clarke arrived at the following as the average percentage composition of the Earth's crust: SiO=59.71, AlO=15.41, FeO=2.63, FeO=3.52, MgO=4.36, CaO=4.90, NaO=3.55, KO=2.80, HO=1.52, TiO=0.60, PO=0.22, (total 99.22%). All the other constituents occur only in very small quantities, usually much less than 1%. These oxides combine in a haphazard way. For example, potash (potassium carbonate) and soda (sodium carbonate) combine to produce feldspars. In some cases they may take other forms, such",
"title": "Geochemistry"
},
{
"id": "289880",
"text": "features are its two large polar regions, two relatively narrow temperate zones, and a wide equatorial tropical to subtropical region. Precipitation varies widely with location, from several metres of water per year to less than a millimetre. 71 percent of the Earth's surface is covered by salt-water oceans. The remainder consists of continents and islands, with most of the inhabited land in the Northern Hemisphere. Earth has evolved through geological and biological processes that have left traces of the original conditions. The outer surface is divided into several gradually migrating tectonic plates. The interior remains active, with a thick layer",
"title": "Nature"
},
{
"id": "19763750",
"text": "in the acidic igneous rocks and a second group of accessory minerals which were formed by deposition from the residual mother liquors. Modern soil science offers the following definition: \"Primary Minerals: The thickness of the earth's crust varies from 10 km under the ocean to 30 km under the continents. Of the 88 naturally occurring elements on earth, only 8 make [up] most of the crust. The earth's crust and soils are dominated by the silicic acid in combination with Na, Al, K, Ca, Fe and O ions. ...Those elements are components of primary minerals, whereas primary minerals are components",
"title": "Primary minerals"
},
{
"id": "20342604",
"text": "the mantle and crust. During the formation of the Earth, the two elements tended not be fractionated into the core during core formation, i.e. not concentrated in the core, unlike siderophile elements (iron-loving elements). Lu and Hf are also refractory elements, meaning they quickly condensed from the protoplanetary disk to form the solid part of Earth, as opposed to volatile elements. The two elements as a result would not be found in Earth's early atmosphere. Due to these characteristics, the two elements are relatively stationary throughout planetary evolution and are thought to retain the isotopic abundance characteristics of primitive planetary",
"title": "Lutetium–hafnium dating"
},
{
"id": "4463723",
"text": "with crystalline solids at pressures and temperatures characteristic of the Earth's deep interior. The force exerted by Earth's gravity can be used to calculate its mass. Astronomers can also calculate Earth's mass by observing the motion of orbiting satellites. Earth’s average density can be determined through gravimetric experiments, which have historically involved pendulums. The mass of Earth is about . The structure of Earth can be defined in two ways: by mechanical properties such as rheology, or chemically. Mechanically, it can be divided into lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesospheric mantle, outer core, and the inner core. Chemically, Earth can be divided into",
"title": "Structure of the Earth"
},
{
"id": "485035",
"text": "nutrients and too high in sand will boost its quality. Soil Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil. The pedosphere interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. The term \"pedolith\", used commonly to refer to the soil,",
"title": "Soil"
},
{
"id": "433653",
"text": "Uranium is a naturally occurring element that can be found in low levels within all rock, soil, and water. Uranium is the 51st element in order of abundance in the Earth's crust. Uranium is also the highest-numbered element to be found naturally in significant quantities on Earth and is almost always found combined with other elements. The decay of uranium, thorium, and potassium-40 in the Earth's mantle is thought to be the main source of heat that keeps the outer core liquid and drives mantle convection, which in turn drives plate tectonics. Uranium's average concentration in the Earth's crust is",
"title": "Uranium"
},
{
"id": "69035",
"text": "element (by mass) making up Earth, while oxygen is the most common element in the Earth's crust. Chemical elements constitute all of the ordinary matter of the universe. However astronomical observations suggest that ordinary observable matter makes up only about 15% of the matter in the universe: the remainder is dark matter; the composition of this is unknown, but it is not composed of chemical elements. The two lightest elements, hydrogen and helium, were mostly formed in the Big Bang and are the most common elements in the universe. The next three elements (lithium, beryllium and boron) were formed mostly",
"title": "Chemical element"
},
{
"id": "17669631",
"text": "loss, and the heat loss rate would slow once the mantle solidified. Heat flow from the core is necessary for maintaining the convecting outer core and the geodynamo and Earth's magnetic field, therefore primordial heat from the core enabled Earth's atmosphere and thus helped retain Earth's liquid water. Controversy over the exact nature of mantle convection makes the linked evolution of Earth's heat budget and the dynamics and structure of the mantle difficult to unravel. There is evidence that the processes of plate tectonics were not active in the Earth before 3.2 billion years ago, and that early Earth's internal",
"title": "Earth's internal heat budget"
},
{
"id": "111082",
"text": "were depleted, Earth's heat production was much higher. At approximately , twice the present-day heat would have been produced, increasing the rates of mantle convection and plate tectonics, and allowing the production of uncommon igneous rocks such as komatiites that are rarely formed today. The mean heat loss from Earth is , for a global heat loss of . A portion of the core's thermal energy is transported toward the crust by mantle plumes, a form of convection consisting of upwellings of higher-temperature rock. These plumes can produce hotspots and flood basalts. More of the heat in Earth is lost",
"title": "Earth"
},
{
"id": "12590377",
"text": "all ecosystems. Photosynthesis, at first by cyanobacteria and later by photosynthetic eukaryotes, radically changed the composition of the early Earth's anoxic atmosphere, which as a result is now 21% oxygen. Animals and most other organisms are aerobic, relying on oxygen; those that do not are confined to relatively rare anaerobic environments. Plants are the primary producers in most terrestrial ecosystems and form the basis of the food web in those ecosystems. Many animals rely on plants for shelter as well as oxygen and food. Land plants are key components of the water cycle and several other biogeochemical cycles. Some plants",
"title": "Plant"
},
{
"id": "20356231",
"text": "go on to cause metasomatism or extend to the surface in carbonatite eruptions. The total mid oceanic ridge, and hot spot volcanic emissions of carbon dioxide match the loss due to subduction: 2×10 kg of CO per year. In slowly convecting mantle rocks, diamond that slowly rises above 150 km will slowly turn into graphite or be oxidised to carbon dioxide or carbonate minerals. Earth's core is believed to be mostly and alloy of iron and nickel. The density indicates that it also contains a significant amount of lighter elements. Elements such as hydrogen would be stable in the Earth's",
"title": "Geochemistry of carbon"
},
{
"id": "1293846",
"text": "enriched compared to the underlying mantle. Although the continental crust comprises only about 0.6 weight percent of the silicate on Earth, it contains 20% to 70% of the incompatible elements. All the other constituents except water occur only in very small quantities and total less than 1%. Estimates of average density for the upper crust range between 2.69 and 2.74 g/cm and for lower crust between 3.0 and 3.25 g/cm. Earth formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago from a disk of dust and gas orbiting the newly formed Sun. It formed via accretion, where planetesimals and other smaller rocky bodies",
"title": "Crust (geology)"
},
{
"id": "12383548",
"text": "way towards the core, where it reaches pressures of about 10 GPa, or about 100,000 times that of Earth's atmosphere. Increasing concentrations of methane, ammonia and water are found in the lower regions of the atmosphere. The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may consist of a layer of ionic water in",
"title": "Neptune"
},
{
"id": "111069",
"text": "helped prevent the atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind. A crust formed when the molten outer layer of Earth cooled to form a solid. The two models that explain land mass propose either a steady growth to the present-day forms or, more likely, a rapid growth early in Earth history followed by a long-term steady continental area. Continents formed by plate tectonics, a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from Earth's interior. Over the period of hundreds of millions of years, the supercontinents have assembled and broken apart. Roughly (Mya), one of the earliest",
"title": "Earth"
},
{
"id": "3925633",
"text": "are also sampled as xenoliths within basalts or kimberlites. Most estimates of the mantle composition are based on rocks that sample only the uppermost mantle. There is debate as to whether the rest of the mantle, especially the lower mantle, has the same bulk composition. The mantle's composition has changed through the Earth's history due to the extraction of magma that solidified to form oceanic crust and continental crust. In the mantle, temperatures range from approximately at the upper boundary with the crust to approximately at the core-mantle boundary. The geothermal gradient of the mantle increases rapidly in the thermal",
"title": "Mantle (geology)"
},
{
"id": "4463727",
"text": "obducted onto the continental crust and preserved as ophiolite sequences. Many rocks now making up Earth's crust formed less than 100 million (1) years ago; however, the oldest known mineral grains are about 4.4 billion (4.4) years old, indicating that Earth has had a solid crust for at least 4.4 billion years. Earth's mantle extends to a depth of 2,890 km, making it the thickest layer of Earth. The mantle is divided into upper and lower mantle. The upper and lower mantle are separated by the transition zone. The lowest part of the mantle next to the core-mantle boundary is",
"title": "Structure of the Earth"
},
{
"id": "165440",
"text": "the Earth's heterosphere, a part of the upper atmosphere, helium and other lighter gases are the most abundant elements. Most helium on Earth is a result of radioactive decay. Helium is found in large amounts in minerals of uranium and thorium, including cleveite, pitchblende, carnotite and monazite, because they emit alpha particles (helium nuclei, He) to which electrons immediately combine as soon as the particle is stopped by the rock. In this way an estimated 3000 metric tons of helium are generated per year throughout the lithosphere. In the Earth's crust, the concentration of helium is 8 parts per billion.",
"title": "Helium"
},
{
"id": "8056681",
"text": "Earth structure An earth structure is a building or other structure made largely from soil. Since soil is a widely available material, it has been used in construction since prehistoric times. It may be combined with other materials, compressed and/or baked to add strength. Soil is still an economical material for many applications, and may have low environmental impact both during and after construction. Earth structure materials may be as simple as mud, or mud mixed with straw to make cob. Sturdy dwellings may be also built from sod or turf. Soil may be stabilized by the addition of lime",
"title": "Earth structure"
},
{
"id": "1957034",
"text": "to exist in the core of the earth as relics from when the atmosphere did not contain oxygen. Like the \"pure\" siderophiles, these elements (except iron) are considerably depleted in the crust relative to their solar abundances. Owing to their strong affinity for oxygen, lithophile metals, although they form the great bulk of the metallic elements in Earth's crust, were never available as free metals before the development of electrolysis. With this development, many lithophile metals are of considerable value as structural metals (magnesium, aluminium, titanium, vanadium) or as reducing agents (sodium, magnesium, calcium). The process of smelting these metals",
"title": "Goldschmidt classification"
},
{
"id": "1639892",
"text": "relatively warm air above a colder one), and in others by a zone which is isothermal with height. Although variations do occur, the temperature usually declines with increasing altitude in the troposphere because the troposphere is mostly heated through energy transfer from the surface. Thus, the lowest part of the troposphere (i.e. Earth's surface) is typically the warmest section of the troposphere. This promotes vertical mixing (hence, the origin of its name in the Greek word τρόπος, \"tropos\", meaning \"turn\"). The troposphere contains roughly 80% of the mass of Earth's atmosphere. The troposphere is denser than all its overlying atmospheric",
"title": "Atmosphere of Earth"
},
{
"id": "1957040",
"text": "even compared to their crustal abundances, which are typically several orders of magnitude below their solar abundances. However, because they are concentrated in the mantle and core, siderophile elements are believed to be present in the Earth as a whole (including the core) in something approaching their solar abundances. The chalcophile elements include: Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hg, In, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Sn, Te, Tl and Zn. Chalcophile elements are those that remain on or close to the surface because they combine readily with sulfur and/or some other chalcogen other than oxygen, forming compounds which do",
"title": "Goldschmidt classification"
},
{
"id": "6694588",
"text": "Carbon-based life Carbon is a key component of all known life on Earth, representing approximately 45-50% of all dry biomass. Complex molecules are made up of carbon bonded with other elements, especially oxygen and hydrogen and frequently also with nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Carbon is abundant on Earth. It is also lightweight and relatively small in size, making it easier for enzymes to manipulate carbon molecules. It is frequently assumed in astrobiology that if life exists elsewhere in the universe, it will also be carbon-based. Critics refer to this assumption as carbon chauvinism. Carbon forms a vast number of compounds,",
"title": "Carbon-based life"
},
{
"id": "2385690",
"text": "oceans, or the human body, are primarily a product of chemical interactions with the medium in which they reside. The elements – that is, ordinary (baryonic) matter made of protons, neutrons, and electrons, are only a small part of the content of the Universe. Cosmological observations suggest that only 4.6% of the universe's energy (including the mass contributed by energy, E = mc² ↔ m = E / c²) comprises the visible baryonic matter that constitutes stars, planets, and living beings. The rest is thought to be made up of dark energy (68%) and dark matter (27%). These are forms",
"title": "Abundance of the chemical elements"
},
{
"id": "1666299",
"text": "Primary production In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide. It principally occurs through the process of photosynthesis, which uses light as its source of energy, but it also occurs through chemosynthesis, which uses the oxidation or reduction of inorganic chemical compounds as its source of energy. Almost all life on Earth relies directly or indirectly on primary production. The organisms responsible for primary production are known as \"primary producers\" or autotrophs, and form the base of the food chain. In terrestrial ecoregions, these are mainly plants, while in aquatic ecoregions algae",
"title": "Primary production"
},
{
"id": "111120",
"text": "produces many useful biological products for humans, including food, wood, pharmaceuticals, oxygen, and the recycling of many organic wastes. The land-based ecosystem depends upon topsoil and fresh water, and the oceanic ecosystem depends upon dissolved nutrients washed down from the land. In 1980, of Earth's land surface consisted of forest and woodlands, was grasslands and pasture, and was cultivated as croplands. The estimated amount of irrigated land in 1993 was . Humans also live on the land by using building materials to construct shelters. Large areas of Earth's surface are subject to extreme weather such as tropical cyclones, hurricanes, or",
"title": "Earth"
},
{
"id": "1298997",
"text": "measured to be 2.5 millitesla, 50 times stronger than the magnetic field at the surface. The outer core is not under enough pressure to be solid, so it is liquid even though it has a composition similar to the inner core. Sulfur and oxygen could be present in the outer core. As heat is transferred outward toward the mantle, the net trend is for the inner boundary of the liquid region to freeze, causing the solid inner core to grow. This growth rate is estimated to be 1 mm per year. Outer core The outer core of the Earth is",
"title": "Outer core"
}
] | the core of the earth is mostly composed of |
|
| [
{
"id": "135580",
"text": "drivers have won the World Drivers' Championship, with Michael Schumacher holding the record for most championships with seven, as well as holding the race wins record. Juan Manuel Fangio and Lewis Hamilton have won the next most – five championships each. Jochen Rindt is the only posthumous World Champion, after his points total was not surpassed despite his fatal accident at the 1970 Italian Grand Prix, with 4 races still remaining in the season. Drivers from the United Kingdom have been the most successful in the sport, with 18 championships among 10 drivers, and 278 wins among 19 drivers. Most",
"title": "Formula One"
},
{
"id": "588417",
"text": "champion, a title he successfully defended a year later. Fangio then competed in Europe between 1947 and 1949 where he achieved further success. He won the World Championship of Drivers five times—a record which stood for 47 years until beaten by Michael Schumacher—with four different teams (Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz and Maserati), a feat that has not been repeated. He is regarded by many as one of the greatest F1 drivers of all time and holds the highest winning percentage in Formula One – 46.15% – winning 24 of 53 Formula One races he entered. Fangio is the only Argentine",
"title": "Juan Manuel Fangio"
},
{
"id": "3092090",
"text": "European home climb to around fifty percent – meaning the World Championship, which visits four of the six continents, truly deserves its name. 2004 was Michael Schumacher's most recent of his record seven World Championships. Schumacher also holds the record for the most races won – with ninety-one. Despite Ferrari's dominance (taking 15 wins from the 18 races), the battle back in the pack was much more open than 2002, as powerhouses McLaren and Williams got off to horrendous starts with radical new cars. As could have been expected, Renault were quick to capitalize on the misfortunes of the two",
"title": "History of Formula One"
},
{
"id": "497153",
"text": "Riccardo Patrese Riccardo Gabriele Patrese (born 17 April 1954) is an Italian former racing driver, who raced in Formula One from to . He became the first Formula One driver to achieve 200 Grand Prix starts when he appeared at the 1990 British Grand Prix, and the first to achieve 250 starts at the 1993 German Grand Prix. Patrese entered 257 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix and started 256 races making him the seventh most experienced F1 driver in history, after Rubens Barrichello, Michael Schumacher, Jenson Button, Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen and Felipe Massa. He was runner-up in the",
"title": "Riccardo Patrese"
},
{
"id": "3092116",
"text": "will give the drivers up to the equivalent of 160 hp when activated; the current KERS gives cars an extra 80 hp when activated. Since the start of the 2014 season, the Mercedes team and their drivers Lewis Hamilton, Nico Rosberg and Valtteri Bottas have dominated the sport, winning 74 of the 100 races (51 for Hamilton, 20 for Rosberg and 3 for Bottas). This astounding and historic winning streak has been the result of Mercedes development of the \"split turbocharger\", a system in which the compressor and turbine components of the turbo charger are placed at separate sides of",
"title": "History of Formula One"
},
{
"id": "3092117",
"text": "the engine and connected by a rod running through the V of the engine. This new technology gave Mercedes and their customer teams many advantages over their competitors due to the need for less cooling and a more compact power unit. The only other drivers to win races during this period are Daniel Ricciardo (7) and Max Verstappen (5) of Red Bull, along with Sebastian Vettel (13) and Kimi Räikkönen (1) of Ferrari. On top of this Mercedes have won the drivers' championship from 2014-2018 (4 for Hamilton and 1 for Rosberg) and have taken the constructors' title from 2014-2018,",
"title": "History of Formula One"
},
{
"id": "605004",
"text": "taking part in the first official GAA match in Italy when they played Ascaro Rovigo GFC in the Adige Cup. The team colours are red and white. The F1 racing driver Riccardo Patrese (runner-up 1992, 3rd place in 1989 and 1991; held the world record for having started the most Formula One races, beaten by Rubens Barrichello during the 2008 season) was born and lives in Padova; the racing driver Alex Zanardi also lives in Padova. Italy international rugby players Mauro and Mirco Bergamasco, Marco Bortolami, Andrea Marcato and Leonardo Ghiraldini were all born in Padua. All of them started",
"title": "Padua"
},
{
"id": "135525",
"text": "harder compound could not grip the track as well. Drivers from McLaren, Williams, Renault (formerly Benetton), and Ferrari, dubbed the \"Big Four\", won every World Championship from to . The teams won every Constructors' Championship from to as well as placing themselves as the top four teams in the Constructors' Championship in every season between 1989 and 1997, and winning every race but one (the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix) between 1988 and 1997. Due to the technological advances of the 1990s, the cost of competing in Formula One increased dramatically. This increased financial burdens, combined with the dominance of four",
"title": "Formula One"
},
{
"id": "16755113",
"text": "that \"Few champions were as dominant. Fewer still are remembered so fondly.\" An \"Autosport\" survey taken by 217 Formula One drivers saw Clark voted as the fifth greatest F1 driver of all time just ahead of fellow Scottish driver Jackie Stewart. Jackie Stewart won in 1969, 1971, and 1973. By the time of his retirement he had won 27 races, a record that would stand until finally being bettered by Alain Prost in 1987. Stewart remained highly active with the sport, running his own team and being one of the most vocal proponents for the improvement of safety standards in",
"title": "Formula One drivers from the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "278594",
"text": "Michael Schumacher Michael Schumacher (; ; born 3 January 1969) is a retired German racing driver who raced in Formula One for Jordan Grand Prix, Benetton and Ferrari, where he spent the majority of his career, as well as for Mercedes upon his return to the sport. Widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers ever, and regarded by some as the greatest of all time, Schumacher is the only driver in history to win seven Formula One World Championships, five of which he won consecutively. The most successful driver in the history of the sport, Schumacher holds",
"title": "Michael Schumacher"
},
{
"id": "135582",
"text": "many F1 drivers, with champions, including Nigel Mansell, Ayrton Senna and Mika Häkkinen having moved straight from that series to Formula One. More rarely a driver may be picked from an even lower level, as was the case with 2007 World Champion Kimi Räikkönen, who went straight from Formula Renault to F1, as well as Max Verstappen, who made his debut following a single season in European F3. American open-wheel car racing has also contributed to the Formula One grid with mixed results. CART champions Mario Andretti and Jacques Villeneuve became F1 World Champions, while Juan Pablo Montoya won seven",
"title": "Formula One"
},
{
"id": "135526",
"text": "teams (largely funded by big car manufacturers such as Mercedes-Benz), caused the poorer independent teams to struggle not only to remain competitive, but to stay in business, and forced several teams to withdraw. Since , twenty-eight teams have withdrawn from Formula One. This has prompted former Jordan owner Eddie Jordan to say that the days of competitive privateers are over. Michael Schumacher and Ferrari won five consecutive Drivers' Championships (2000–2004) and six consecutive Constructors' Championships (1999–2004). Schumacher set many new records, including those for Grand Prix wins (91), wins in a season (thirteen of eighteen), and most Drivers' Championships (seven).",
"title": "Formula One"
},
{
"id": "474475",
"text": "Alain Prost Alain Marie Pascal Prost (born 24 February 1955) is a retired French racing driver and a four-time Formula One Drivers' Champion. From 1987 until 2001 Prost held the record for most Grand Prix victories and is considered as one of the greatest F1 drivers ever. Michael Schumacher surpassed Prost's total of 51 victories at the 2001 Belgian Grand Prix. In 1999, Prost received the \"World Sports Awards of the Century\" in the motor sport category. Prost discovered karting at the age of 14 during a family holiday. He progressed through motor sport's junior ranks, winning the French and",
"title": "Alain Prost"
},
{
"id": "135509",
"text": "'flying one', which had been the sport's trademark since 1993. After a hiatus in European motor racing brought about by the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the first World Championship for Drivers was won by Italian Giuseppe Farina in his Alfa Romeo in , narrowly defeating his Argentine teammate Juan Manuel Fangio. However, Fangio won the title in , , , , and (His record of five World Championship titles stood for 45 years until German driver Michael Schumacher took his sixth title in 2003), his streak interrupted (after an injury) by two-time champion Alberto Ascari of Ferrari.",
"title": "Formula One"
},
{
"id": "474544",
"text": "be hired as a special adviser for the Renault Formula One Team. Did not finish, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance.<br> All Formula One race and championship results are taken from: Alain Prost Alain Marie Pascal Prost (born 24 February 1955) is a retired French racing driver and a four-time Formula One Drivers' Champion. From 1987 until 2001 Prost held the record for most Grand Prix victories and is considered as one of the greatest F1 drivers ever. Michael Schumacher surpassed Prost's total of 51 victories at the 2001 Belgian Grand Prix.",
"title": "Alain Prost"
},
{
"id": "282055",
"text": "McLaren McLaren Racing Limited, competing as McLaren F1 Team, is a British Formula One team based at the McLaren Technology Centre, Woking, Surrey, England. McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor but has also competed in and won the Indianapolis 500 and the Canadian-American Challenge Cup (Can-Am). The team is the second oldest active team after Ferrari. They are the second most successful team in Formula One history after Ferrari, having won 182 races, 12 Drivers' Championships and eight Constructors' Championships. The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group. Founded in 1963 by New Zealander",
"title": "McLaren"
},
{
"id": "16769958",
"text": "drives in the history of the sport. In a poll of drivers undertaken by \"Autosport\" Fangio was voted as the third best racer in the history of Formula One, behind Michael Schumacher and Ayrton Senna. Fangio's record of winning the drivers' title five times stood for 46 years, finally being surpassed by Schumacher, and he holds several other records including the highest percentage of race wins (46% – 24 out of 52). He remains the oldest ever champion, winning his final title at the age of 46. Fangio drove for Alfa Romeo in the first Formula One World Championship season",
"title": "Formula One drivers from Argentina"
},
{
"id": "13998383",
"text": "most successful teams in recent Formula One history, having achieved consecutive Drivers' and Constructors' Championships from to . In 2014, Mercedes managed 11 one-two finishes beating McLaren's 1988 record of 10. The record was extended the following year with 12 one-two finishes. Mercedes also collected 16 victories in 2014 and 2015 apiece breaking McLaren (1988) and Ferrari's (2002, 2004) record of 15. In 2016, they extended this record with 19 wins. Mercedes-Benz formerly competed in Grand Prix motor racing in the 1930s, when the Silver Arrows dominated the races alongside rivals Auto Union. Both teams were heavily funded by the",
"title": "Mercedes-Benz in Formula One"
},
{
"id": "3092064",
"text": "fuel capacity to limit their effect, with a total ban to be introduced in . Nevertheless, while turbo engines lasted, they dominated, Williams winning easily in 1987, and McLaren returning to form in with the super-team of Prost and Senna winning 15 of 16 races, a record unmatched today. It was Senna who emerged the victor, claiming the first of his 3 World Titles. In 1989, turbos were banned and new regulations allowing only naturally aspirated engines up to 3.5 litres were put in their place. The dominance of McLaren-Honda continued for the next 3 seasons, Prost winning the title",
"title": "History of Formula One"
},
{
"id": "16893358",
"text": "between von Trips and Jim Clark's Lotus also killed 15 spectators – Hill's victory coincided with the worst tragedy in Formula One history. During his Formula One career Hill started 48 races and won just three events, the joint lowest of any world champion alongside Briton Mike Hawthorn. Dan Gurney is highly regarded for his Formula One contributions both on and off track. He is the only driver to have scored the first victory for three constructors: Porsche (1962), Brabham (1964), and Eagle (1967). He himself had built the Eagle. Gurney's name is still associated with aerodynamics; he was the",
"title": "Formula One drivers from the United States"
},
{
"id": "3116874",
"text": "change in the awarding of world championship points has rendered the comparison of historical teams and drivers to current ones largely ineffective. For instance, Michael Schumacher is widely credited with being the most successful GP driver of all time. While his statistics are very impressive and easily outstrip those of his nearest competitor, it is worth noting that his points tally vs points available, and winning percentage of grands prix entered, do not significantly exceed those of Juan Manuel Fangio, whom he recently dethroned as winner of the most World Championships. As with most other sports, it is very difficult",
"title": "Formula One racing"
},
{
"id": "3092111",
"text": "Prix, Red Bull took the Constructors' Championship at the following race in South Korea. McLaren and Ferrari finished second and third in the standings once again, albeit much further behind. Button eventually took second place in the standings, with Webber in third once again. Vettel took 11 victories throughout the course of the year, broke the record for the most pole positions in a season (15) and the most championship points (392). After a slow start to the 2012 season, Vettel won 4 races in a row and challenged Fernando Alonso and Ferrari all the way through. Eventually, the German",
"title": "History of Formula One"
},
{
"id": "3092108",
"text": "point, in the joint longest ever (nineteen-race) season. For most of the season, the title looked like it could have gone to either Red Bull's Sebastian Vettel or Mark Webber, or either McLaren's Lewis Hamilton or reigning World Champion Jenson Button (also at McLaren). But, the Ferrari of Fernando Alonso clawed back 47-points after the British Grand Prix, to be leading the Drivers' Championship with two races left. A record four drivers were still in contention for the title going into the final round in Abu Dhabi. They were Alonso, Webber, Vettel and Hamilton (placing in that order in number",
"title": "History of Formula One"
},
{
"id": "1751039",
"text": "in 2016 with 206 races. Other Formula One records set in 1992 that he still holds are the highest percentage of pole positions in a season (88%), most wins from pole position in a season (nine) and most runner-up championship finishes before becoming World Champion (three). Mansell also holds the record for obtaining pole position and scoring the fastest lap and subsequently retiring from the race (1987 German Grand Prix, 1990 British Grand Prix, 1992 Japanese Grand Prix, and 1992 Italian Grand Prix). He is the driver having the most wins (31) without ever winning Monaco. He won the BBC",
"title": "Nigel Mansell"
},
{
"id": "588465",
"text": "Prix races in 1954 and 1955 was sold for a record $30 million at an auction in England on 12 July 2013. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Shared drive. Fangio holds the following Formula One records: Juan Manuel Fangio Juan Manuel Fangio Déramo (, ; 24 June 1911 – 17 July 1995), nicknamed \"El Chueco\" (\"the bowlegged one\", also commonly translated as \"bandy legged\") or \"El Maestro\" (\"The Master\"), was an Argentine racing car driver. He dominated the first decade of Formula One racing, winning the World Drivers' Championship five times. From childhood, he abandoned his studies to pursue auto mechanics. In 1938, he",
"title": "Juan Manuel Fangio"
},
{
"id": "1864682",
"text": "Rubens Barrichello Rubens \"Rubinho\" Gonçalves Barrichello (, ), born 23 May 1972, is a Brazilian racing driver who competed in Formula One between and , scoring 11 Grands Prix wins and 68 podiums. Barrichello drove for Ferrari from to , as Michael Schumacher's teammate, enjoying considerable success including finishing as championship runner-up in and . He also finished third in and . Barrichello holds the record for most race starts in Formula One (322) and has scored the eleventh highest points total in Formula One history. Schumacher's retirement at the end of made Barrichello the most experienced driver on the",
"title": "Rubens Barrichello"
},
{
"id": "16760622",
"text": "having by far the most victories. Vettel has wins to date. Ralf Schumacher won six Grands Prix and Heinz-Harald Frentzen won three. Wolfgang von Trips, who became the first German driver to win a Grand Prix, won two races both of which were in 1961. Nico Rosberg has won 23 races and Jochen Mass has won one. Sebastian Vettel won the World Championship in , , and . He is the youngest driver to win the title. Vettel is seen as one of the greatest qualifiers in the sport and holds the record for the most consecutive front row starts,",
"title": "Formula One drivers from Germany"
},
{
"id": "16760624",
"text": "the sport\". He is statistically the best driver, holding many records including the most world championships, most wins, most fastest laps, most points, and formerly held the record for most pole positions (surpassed by Lewis Hamilton during the 2017 season). He won an unprecedented seven world championship titles, firstly in 1994 and then his second in 1995. Those titles came while Schumacher was a driver for Benetton but in 1996 he left to join Ferrari, a team who were, at the time, in disarray and without a champion driver since 1979. Over the next few seasons Schumacher and Ferrari saw",
"title": "Formula One drivers from Germany"
},
{
"id": "142094",
"text": "separation, FCA's interest in Ferrari's business was distributed to shareholders of FCA, with 10% continuing to be owned by Piero Ferrari. The spin-off was completed on 3 January 2016. Throughout its history, the company has been noted for its continued participation in racing, especially in Formula One, where it is the most successful racing team, holding the most constructors championships (16) and having produced the highest number of drivers' championship wins (15). Ferrari road cars are generally seen as a symbol of speed, luxury and wealth. Enzo Ferrari was not initially interested in the idea of producing road cars when",
"title": "Ferrari"
},
{
"id": "1479660",
"text": "Scuderia Ferrari Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. () is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer, Ferrari, and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing. The team is also nicknamed \"The Prancing Horse\", with reference to their logo. It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team, having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season. The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari, initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo, though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars. Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship,",
"title": "Scuderia Ferrari"
},
{
"id": "135584",
"text": "when first signed to an F1 team: e.g., Räikkönen received the licence despite having only 23 car races to his credit. Most F1 drivers retire in their mid to late 30s. Some F1 drivers have left to race in the United States—Nigel Mansell and Emerson Fittipaldi duelled for the 1993 CART title, Rubens Barrichello moved to IndyCar in 2012, while Jacques Villeneuve, Juan Pablo Montoya, Nelson Piquet Jr. and Scott Speed moved to NASCAR. Some drivers have moved from F1 to racing in disciplines with fewer races during the season. The German touring car championship, the DTM, is a popular",
"title": "Formula One"
},
{
"id": "503886",
"text": "respected and the only person he had envied. Lauda appears in an episode of \"Mayday\" titled \"Niki Lauda: Testing the Limits\" regarding the events of Lauda Air Flight 004. Niki Lauda Andreas Nikolaus \"Niki\" Lauda (born 22 February 1949) is an Austrian former Formula One driver and a three-time F1 World Drivers' Champion, winning in , and . He is currently the only driver to have been champion for both Ferrari and McLaren, the sport's two most successful constructors. He is considered by some as one of the greatest F1 drivers of all time. More recently an aviation entrepreneur, he",
"title": "Niki Lauda"
},
{
"id": "278595",
"text": "the records for the most World Championship titles (7), the most Grand Prix wins (91), the most fastest laps (77) and the most races won in a single season (13), and according to the official Formula One website (Formula1.com), Schumacher was \"statistically the greatest driver the sport has ever seen\" at the time of his retirement from the sport. After success in karting as a child, Schumacher won titles in Formula König and Formula Three before joining Mercedes in the World Sportscar Championship. In 1991, his Mercedes-funded race debut for the Jordan Formula One team resulted in Schumacher being signed",
"title": "Michael Schumacher"
},
{
"id": "135623",
"text": "their first World Championship race, though most record books choose to ignore this and instead only record regular World Championship participants. Formula One Formula One (also Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of single-seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and owned by the Formula One Group. The FIA Formula One World Championship has been one of the premier forms of racing around the world since its inaugural season in 1950. The word \"formula\" in the name refers to the set of rules to which all participants' cars must conform. A Formula One season",
"title": "Formula One"
},
{
"id": "8591343",
"text": "as they started the sport back in 1950, when the sport first started. They have won 16 constructors' championships and 15 drivers' championships. This team is also the most successful engine manufacturer in the sport, and this shows in their performance in their F1 team and cars. Their greatest driver statistically is Michael Schumacher and their latest F1 drivers are Sebastian Vettel and Kimi Räikkönen. Giacomo Agostini (born 1942) is the holder of the record of 122 motorcycle Gran Prix wins and 15 World championship titles in two classes: 8 in the 500cc, the other 7 in the 350cc; Valentino",
"title": "Sport in Italy"
},
{
"id": "142103",
"text": "most successful: the team holds nearly every Formula One record. , the team's records include 15 World Drivers Championship titles, 16 World Constructors Championship titles, 221 Grand Prix victories, 6736.27 points, 679 podium finishes, 207 pole positions, and 230 fastest laps in 890 Grands Prix contested. Of the 19 tracks used in 2014, 8 have lap records set by the F2004, with a further 3 set by the F2003-GA, F2008 and F10. Ferrari drivers include: Tazio Nuvolari, José Froilán González, Juan Manuel Fangio, Alberto Ascari, Luigi Chinetti, Maurice Trintignant, Wolfgang von Trips, Phil Hill, Olivier Gendebien, Mike Hawthorn, Peter Collins,",
"title": "Ferrari"
},
{
"id": "10867985",
"text": "L normally aspirated/1.5 L supercharged Formula One era of 1966–1986 were won by Brabham cars with Repco V8 engines. From 1968 to 1981, F1 was largely dominated by teams using the Cosworth DFV engine. During this time, the Manufacturers' Championship was won by Cosworth DFV powered cars every season except 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1979, which were won by 12-cylinder Ferraris. Graham Hill, Jochen Rindt, James Hunt, Mario Andretti, Alan Jones, Nelson Piquet, and Keke Rosberg each won a World Drivers' Championship in a Cosworth DFV powered car, while Emerson Fittipaldi won two and Jackie Stewart won three. Throughout the",
"title": "V8 engine"
},
{
"id": "1750992",
"text": "CART series. Mansell is the second most successful British Formula One driver of all time in terms of race wins with 31 victories, and is seventh overall on the Formula One race winners list behind Michael Schumacher, Lewis Hamilton, Sebastian Vettel, Alain Prost, Ayrton Senna and Fernando Alonso. He held the record for the most number of poles set in a single season, which was broken in by Sebastian Vettel. He was rated in the top 10 Formula One drivers of all time by longtime Formula One commentator Murray Walker. In 2008, ESPN.com ranked him 24th on their \"Top 25",
"title": "Nigel Mansell"
},
{
"id": "16893353",
"text": "The drivers' title has been won twice for the United States, with Phil Hill winning in 1961 and Mario Andretti being victorious in 1978. Tragically both championships were secured at the same race in which the drivers' team mates were killed. Andretti was the last American driver to win a race in Formula One – the 1978 Dutch Grand Prix. If every Formula One event is taken into consideration there have been 15 race winners, with five having won more than one race. The most recent American driver to participate in a championship Formula One Grand Prix was Alexander Rossi,",
"title": "Formula One drivers from the United States"
},
{
"id": "16760627",
"text": "career that spanned eleven F1 seasons starting in 1997. All six wins came in the middle of his F1 career as a driver for Williams. Heinz-Harald Frentzen won three Grands Prix over ten seasons, twice finishing in third place in the drivers' championship. Nick Heidfeld has the most podium finishes without a win (13) and holds the record for the most consecutive race classifications with a tally of 41. Timo Glock was the third driver for Jordan in 2004 and was called up for racing duty when Giorgio Pantano was unable to drive due to a sponsorship dispute. Glock finished",
"title": "Formula One drivers from Germany"
},
{
"id": "13953929",
"text": "from rivals Red Bull and Ferrari. Subsequently, Mercedes won the award five times in a row: Lewis Hamilton won the award in 2014, and , Nico Rosberg won in and Valtteri Bottas obtained the trophy in . Thus, Mercedes became the most successful team with five wins, surpassing Red Bull (four wins). (WC) indicates that the driver won the World Championship in the same season. DHL Fastest Lap Award The DHL Fastest Lap Award is awarded to the driver with the most fastest laps in a Formula One season. The trophy, inaugurated in 2007, was the first such award to",
"title": "DHL Fastest Lap Award"
},
{
"id": "16771571",
"text": "all time. In an \"Autosport\" survey, drivers were asked to vote for the greatest driver in history, and Senna was chosen as number one. He finished on the podium 80 times, nearly half of the races in which he competed, and won 41 events. He was a master of the Monaco Grand Prix, winning it five times consecutively, a feat never achieved by any other driver on any circuit. Nelson Piquet won three titles in a career that spanned 14 seasons. He made his Formula One debut in 1978 as a privateer before securing a drive with Brabham. He spent",
"title": "Formula One drivers from Brazil"
},
{
"id": "135503",
"text": "Formula One Formula One (also Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of single-seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and owned by the Formula One Group. The FIA Formula One World Championship has been one of the premier forms of racing around the world since its inaugural season in 1950. The word \"formula\" in the name refers to the set of rules to which all participants' cars must conform. A Formula One season consists of a series of races, known as \"Grands Prix\" (), which take place worldwide on purpose-built circuits and on public",
"title": "Formula One"
},
{
"id": "4150910",
"text": "Germany is one of the leading motorsports countries in the world. Race-winning cars, teams and drivers have come from Germany. The most successful Formula One driver in history, Michael Schumacher, has set many significant motorsport records during his career, having won more Formula One World Drivers' Championships and more Formula One races than any other driver since Formula One's debut season in 1950. He is one of the highest paid sportsmen in history and became a billionaire athlete. Constructors like BMW and Mercedes are among the leading manufacturers in motorsport. Additionally, Porsche has won the 24 Hours of Le Mans,",
"title": "Culture of Germany"
},
{
"id": "3092027",
"text": "with overseas races usually falling at the start or end of the season, a pattern which has continued to this day. There were also a number of non-championship races run outside Europe; the South African Grand Prix was occasionally one of these. British and English-native speaking drivers dominated the racing scene in the 1960s. Britons Graham Hill, Jim Clark, John Surtees and Jackie Stewart won 7 championships combined in that decade- Australian Jack Brabham won 2 championships, New Zealander Denny Hulme won a championship in 1967 and American Phil Hill won a championship in 1961. In 1968, Lotus lost its",
"title": "History of Formula One"
},
{
"id": "16811431",
"text": "Formula One drivers from France There have been 73 Formula One drivers from France, the most successful of them being Alain Prost who won the World Drivers' Championship four times. The title has been won by a French driver on four occasions, all of which were victories for Alain Prost. Eleven other drivers have won at least one race, though they are all far behind Prost's tally of 51 wins. In the 2018 Formula One season there are three French drivers. Romain Grosjean was born in Geneva, Switzerland but races as a French driver. He came through the Renault driver",
"title": "Formula One drivers from France"
},
{
"id": "8757020",
"text": "in the World Rally Championship. Juha Kankkunen and Tommi Mäkinen both won the World Championship four times during their respective careers and Marcus Gronholm won the title twice in 2000 and 2002. Finland's WRC event, Neste Oil Rally Finland, gathers 500,000 spectators every year. Currently the most popular form of motorsport is Formula One. F1 was popularized in Finland in the 1980s by Keke Rosberg, who in 1982 became the first Finnish Formula One World Driver's champion, and reached its peak when Mika Häkkinen won the championship twice in 1998 and 1999. Kimi Räikkönen, the 2007 champion, is one of",
"title": "Sport in Finland"
},
{
"id": "3107254",
"text": "in spite of finishing 10th. His nearest rival Bruno Senna only finished fifth, thus handing Pantano the crown. At the Silverstone race, Pantano became the most successful driver of all time in the F1 feeder championships (F2 / F3000 / GP2). His win in the Saturday race gave him a cumulative F3000/GP2 win tally of 14, taking him above the 13 F2/F3000 championship wins of Mike Thackwell and 12 European championship Formula Two wins of Jochen Rindt. (If non-championship wins are included, Rindt and other drivers exceed this total). Pantano's Silverstone win was his eighth in the GP2 Series, making",
"title": "Giorgio Pantano"
},
{
"id": "135535",
"text": "2016. A rule shake-up in , meant Mercedes emerged as the dominant force, with Lewis Hamilton winning the championship closely followed by his main rival and teammate, Nico Rosberg, with the team winning 16 out of the 19 races that season (all other victories coming from Daniel Ricciardo of Red Bull). 2014 also saw a financial crisis which resulted in the backmarker Marussia and Caterham teams being put into administration, alongside the uncertain futures of Force India and Sauber. Marussia returned under the Manor name in , a season in which Ferrari were the only challenger to Mercedes, with Vettel",
"title": "Formula One"
},
{
"id": "16755112",
"text": "and won races in each of his six seasons with the team. He moved to Mercedes for the season and has now broken what had been Nigel Mansell's national record, with a total of Grand Prix wins. Scotsman Jim Clark is one of the most highly regarded drivers in the history of the sport. He had won two world championships, missing out on two others due to car failure. He died on 7 April 1968 at an F2 race in Hockenheim after his Lotus suffered a tyre failure. His hall of fame entry on the official Formula One site summarises",
"title": "Formula One drivers from the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "1479745",
"text": "Lab, América Móvil, Weichai Holding Group Co., Ltd., UPS and Ray-Ban. The official suppliers of Scuderia Ferrari season include Puma, Magneti Marelli, OMR, SKF, Iveco, NGK, Brembo, ZF Sachs, Pakelo, Mahle GmbH and Oakley, Inc. Other suppliers include Bell Sports, Honeywell, OZ Group and Technogym. As a constructor, Ferrari has achieved the following: Ferrari has achieved unparalleled success in Formula One and holds many significant records including (all numbers are based on World Championship events only): Ferrari is also the most successful F1 engine manufacturer, with 236 wins (having achieved a single non-Ferrari victory with Scuderia Toro Rosso at the",
"title": "Scuderia Ferrari"
},
{
"id": "7235732",
"text": "Phil Hill. Schumacher has won more Formula One championships and races than any other driver since the Formula One world championship began in 1950. In 2003, Schumacher set a new record for driver's championships when he surpassed Juan Manuel Fangio's total of 5 championships, a record that had stood for 46 years since 1957. He was also the highest paid athlete in sports history, with an annual salary of some U.S. $70 million from the Ferrari team, and an estimated $25–30 million more coming from endorsements. In 2005, he became the world's first billionaire athlete, according to Eurobusiness magazine. He",
"title": "Sport in Germany"
},
{
"id": "13998399",
"text": "finishing 59 points ahead of Rosberg. Mercedes continued their domination in this second year of the V6 turbo era, improving on their impressive numbers from 2014 with 18 pole positions, 16 wins and 12 1–2's in 19 races. Of their 16 race victories, the average winning margin to the nearest non-Mercedes competitor was 19.7 seconds, down from 23.2 seconds in 2014. In the season, Mercedes won the Constructors' Championship for the third consecutive season, winning 19 of the 21 races held, while securing 20 poles (the highest percentage ever in a single season of F1 at 95.2%) and 8 1–2's.",
"title": "Mercedes-Benz in Formula One"
},
{
"id": "459998",
"text": "Prix, where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève. Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year, and Switzerland's Clay Regazzoni won Williams's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix. At the 1997 British Grand Prix, Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team's 100th race victory, making Williams one of only three teams in Formula One, alongside Ferrari and fellow British team McLaren, to win 100 races. Williams won nine Constructors' Championships between and . This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in . Drivers for Williams have included Australia's Alan Jones; Finland's Keke",
"title": "Williams Grand Prix Engineering"
},
{
"id": "135622",
"text": "terms 'Formula One race' and 'World Championship race' are effectively synonymous; since 1984, every Formula One race has counted towards the World Championship, and every World Championship race has been to Formula One regulations. But the two terms are not interchangeable. The distinction is most relevant when considering career summaries and \"all-time lists\". For example, in the List of Formula One drivers, Clemente Biondetti is shown with a single race against his name. Biondetti actually competed in \"four\" Formula One races in 1950, but only one of these counted for the World Championship. Similarly, several Indianapolis 500 winners technically won",
"title": "Formula One"
},
{
"id": "16771568",
"text": "Formula One drivers from Brazil There have been 31 Formula One drivers from Brazil including three world champions. Ayrton Senna, the three-time title winner, is regarded by many as the best driver in the history of Formula One. Nelson Piquet also won the title three times and Emerson Fittipaldi was a two-time winner. Rubens Barrichello holds the record for the most races contested and finished as the championship runner-up in two seasons. Following the retirement of Felipe Massa after the 2017 season, in 2018 there were no Brazilian drivers entered for the World Championship, the first time this had occurred",
"title": "Formula One drivers from Brazil"
},
{
"id": "16760629",
"text": "note: Formula One drivers from Germany There have been 52 Formula One drivers from Germany including three world champions, one of whom is currently racing in the sport. Michael Schumacher holds many records in F1 including the most world championship titles and the most consecutive titles. In 2008 Sebastian Vettel became the youngest ever driver to win a race (which was later broken) and, in 2010, became the youngest world championship winner. In 2016, Nico Rosberg became the third driver from Germany to win the F1 World Drivers' Championship. There are currently two German race drivers in Formula One. Since",
"title": "Formula One drivers from Germany"
},
{
"id": "16020736",
"text": "single season with nine. He also tied the record for consecutive wins, which was set by Alberto Ascari in –, and for total wins in a single season with 13, set by Michael Schumacher in . His record tally of 13 wins included a controversial victory at the Malaysian Grand Prix that came when he defied team orders, overtaking teammate Mark Webber late in the race to secure victory. Vettel apologised afterwards to the team, although he later refused to apologise for winning. Vettel's other wins came in Bahrain, Canada, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Singapore, Korea, Japan, India, Abu Dhabi, the",
"title": "2013 Formula One World Championship"
},
{
"id": "16771579",
"text": "Lance Stroll for the 2017 season. On 4 November 2017, Massa confirmed that he would be retiring from Formula One at the end of the 2017 season. Formula One drivers from Brazil There have been 31 Formula One drivers from Brazil including three world champions. Ayrton Senna, the three-time title winner, is regarded by many as the best driver in the history of Formula One. Nelson Piquet also won the title three times and Emerson Fittipaldi was a two-time winner. Rubens Barrichello holds the record for the most races contested and finished as the championship runner-up in two seasons. Following",
"title": "Formula One drivers from Brazil"
},
{
"id": "3092088",
"text": "Montoya, but Schumacher prevailed, taking the championship by two points at Suzuka. It seemed that 2003 was the perfect balm to ease the memories of the previous season, with 8 different race winners (including first-time victories for Fernando Alonso, Kimi Räikkönen and Giancarlo Fisichella) and 5 different teams, including both Renault (for the first time in twenty years) and Jordan, who grabbed a lucky win in a wild Brazilian Grand Prix. In 2004 Ferrari and Schumacher returned to almost total dominance of the championships, winning both with ease - in the first thirteen races of the season, Schumacher managed to",
"title": "History of Formula One"
},
{
"id": "16760620",
"text": "Formula One drivers from Germany There have been 52 Formula One drivers from Germany including three world champions, one of whom is currently racing in the sport. Michael Schumacher holds many records in F1 including the most world championship titles and the most consecutive titles. In 2008 Sebastian Vettel became the youngest ever driver to win a race (which was later broken) and, in 2010, became the youngest world championship winner. In 2016, Nico Rosberg became the third driver from Germany to win the F1 World Drivers' Championship. There are currently two German race drivers in Formula One. Since the",
"title": "Formula One drivers from Germany"
},
{
"id": "135583",
"text": "races in F1. Other CART (also known as ChampCar) champions, like Michael Andretti and Alessandro Zanardi won no races in F1. Other drivers have taken different paths to F1; Damon Hill raced motorbikes, and Michael Schumacher raced in sports cars, albeit after climbing through the junior single-seater ranks. Former F1 driver Paul di Resta raced in DTM until he was signed with Force India in 2011. To race, however, the driver must hold an FIA Super Licence–ensuring that the driver has the requisite skills, and will not therefore be a danger to others. Some drivers have not had the licence",
"title": "Formula One"
},
{
"id": "16893357",
"text": "death of Ferrari driver Gilles Villeneuve. Out of 128 F1 race starts Andretti finished on the podium 19 times, 12 of which were on the top step. Phil Hill is the only American born Formula One champion. He won with Ferrari in 1961 after having had a season-long battle for top spot with team mate Wolfgang von Trips. Hill's win at the 1961 Italian Grand Prix secured the drivers' title for the American but, after passing the chequered flag and returning to the pits, he discovered that his close rival had died in an accident during the race. The collision",
"title": "Formula One drivers from the United States"
},
{
"id": "3091996",
"text": "immediately. In the early years there were around 20 races held from late Spring to early Autumn (Fall) in Europe, although not all of these were considered significant. Most competitive cars came from Italy, particularly Alfa Romeo. Races saw pre-war heroes like Rudolf Caracciola, Manfred Von Brauchitsch and Tazio Nuvolari end their careers, while drivers like Alberto Ascari and Juan Manuel Fangio rose to the front. The Motorcycle World Championships was introduced in 1949. In 1950, the FIA responded with the first ever official World Championship for Drivers. The championship series, to be held across six of the 'major' Grands",
"title": "History of Formula One"
},
{
"id": "3092118",
"text": "although since the rule changes in car design implemented in 2017, Ferrari have been in a position to fight for both the drivers' and constructors' championship with Vettel coming second in both 2017 and 2018. History of Formula One Formula One automobile racing has its roots in the European Grand Prix championships of the 1920s and 1930s, though the foundation of the modern Formula One began in 1946 with the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile's (FIA) standardisation of rules, which was followed by a World Championship of Drivers in 1950. The sport's history parallels the evolution of its technical regulations. In",
"title": "History of Formula One"
},
{
"id": "16811433",
"text": "2016 Belgian Grand Prix. Pierre Gasly made his debut for Scuderia Toro Rosso at the 2017 Malaysian Grand Prix. Formula One drivers from France There have been 73 Formula One drivers from France, the most successful of them being Alain Prost who won the World Drivers' Championship four times. The title has been won by a French driver on four occasions, all of which were victories for Alain Prost. Eleven other drivers have won at least one race, though they are all far behind Prost's tally of 51 wins. In the 2018 Formula One season there are three French drivers.",
"title": "Formula One drivers from France"
},
{
"id": "4763481",
"text": "International Racing Driver Award at the 2016 Autosport Awards. The award was first won by his father Keke in 1982. Rosberg announced his immediate retirement from Formula One on 2 December at the FIA Prize Giving Ceremony in Vienna, having reached the \"pinnacle\" of his career. He was the first reigning champion to do so since Alain Prost in 1993. For the 2014 season, a new rule allowed the driver to pick a unique car number to use throughout their entire F1 career. Rosberg picked number 6 and later tweeted \"Cool. Got number 6 for my remaining F1 career! My",
"title": "Nico Rosberg"
},
{
"id": "8514786",
"text": "main title protagonists, and their battle was dubbed the \"Fight For Five\" by media and fans alike, with both looking to join Juan Manuel Fangio and Michael Schumacher as just the third man in the sport's history to reach five championships. For the second consecutive year, Vettel began his season with victory in Australia, the 48th of his career. A Virtual Safety Car allowed him to finish ahead of Hamilton and teammate Kimi Räikkönen. The result was his 100th podium (with only Schumacher, Hamilton and Prost having more), whilst he also became just the 3rd man in Formula One history",
"title": "Sebastian Vettel"
},
{
"id": "3092085",
"text": "red-wash. Ferrari finished every race, and won 15 of 17. Michael Schumacher scored more points than the second and third placed drivers combined, after gaining a podium in all of the races (Schumacher had only one third place in Malaysia). In this season, he wrapped up the championship at the French Grand Prix (Round 11 of 17), becoming the earliest ever championship winner. While Ferrari celebrated their dominance, the sport itself was seen by many to be in trouble. Two more privateers, Prost and Arrows, had closed their doors for good. Benetton was also no more, the team having been",
"title": "History of Formula One"
},
{
"id": "150160",
"text": "sport. Porsche has won the 24 Hours of Le Mans race 19 times, and Audi 13 times (). The driver Michael Schumacher has set many motor sport records during his career, having won seven Formula One World Drivers' Championships, more than any other. He is one of the highest paid sportsmen in history. Sebastian Vettel is also among the top five most successful Formula One drivers of all time. Also Nico Rosberg won the Formula One World Championship. Historically, German athletes have been successful contenders in the Olympic Games, ranking third in an all-time Olympic Games medal count (when combining",
"title": "Germany"
},
{
"id": "4028525",
"text": "1992 Formula One World Championship The 1992 Formula One World Championship was the 46th season of Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) Formula One motor racing. It started on 1 March 1992 and ended on 8 November after sixteen races. Nigel Mansell won the Drivers' Championship, and Williams-Renault won the Constructors' Championship, their first since 1987. Mansell became the first driver in Formula One history to win nine races in a single season. He sealed the title with a then-record five races remaining. Reigning champion Ayrton Senna managed three race wins but trailed Mansell, Riccardo Patrese and young German Michael Schumacher",
"title": "1992 Formula One World Championship"
},
{
"id": "19288245",
"text": "position, making this his ninth win of the season. The first and third places also secured Mercedes' 3rd Constructors' title in a row. At the , Hamilton took his seventh win of the season from pole position. It was his first win since the German Grand Prix before the summer break and his 50th Grand Prix career victory. He became only the third F1 driver in history to reach 50 Grand Prix victories, trailing only Alain Prost (51) and Michael Schumacher (91). Rosberg initially lost out to Daniel Ricciardo at the start but he was able to retake the second",
"title": "Mercedes F1 W07 Hybrid"
},
{
"id": "1864734",
"text": "to The Stig developing a deep-seated hatred of Barrichello. In February 2018, Barrichello was rushed to hospital after suffering headaches where it was discovered that he had a benign tumor which was later removed. Rubens Barrichello Rubens \"Rubinho\" Gonçalves Barrichello (, ), born 23 May 1972, is a Brazilian racing driver who competed in Formula One between and , scoring 11 Grands Prix wins and 68 podiums. Barrichello drove for Ferrari from to , as Michael Schumacher's teammate, enjoying considerable success including finishing as championship runner-up in and . He also finished third in and . Barrichello holds the record",
"title": "Rubens Barrichello"
},
{
"id": "8087897",
"text": "to overtake Hill, to assure Jordan of a 1-2 finish. At the 1999 German Grand Prix, Mika Salo, driving for Ferrari in place of injured Michael Schumacher, was leading the race when he was told to allow teammate Eddie Irvine to pass. Salo complied, giving up what would have been his only Formula One victory in 109 career races. At the 2002 Austrian Grand Prix, Rubens Barrichello was ordered to allow Ferrari teammate Michael Schumacher to pass to obtain the win. This received huge amounts of negative attention from the media, as the order was issued shortly before both drivers",
"title": "Team orders"
},
{
"id": "135530",
"text": "Honda, and Ferrari—dominated the championship, taking five of the first six places in the Constructors' Championship. The sole exception was McLaren, which at the time was part-owned by Mercedes Benz. Through the Grand Prix Manufacturers Association (GPMA), they negotiated a larger share of Formula One's commercial profit and a greater say in the running of the sport. In 2008 and 2009, Honda, BMW, and Toyota all withdrew from Formula One racing within the space of a year, blaming the economic recession. This resulted in the end of manufacturer dominance within the sport. The Honda F1 team went through a management",
"title": "Formula One"
},
{
"id": "4749666",
"text": "Cristiano Felício, Marcelo Huertas, Nenê, Raul Neto, Lucas Nogueira, Tiago Splitter, and Anderson Varejão. On the women's side, players like Izi Castro Marques and Érika de Souza compete in the WNBA. Brazil has produced three Formula One world champions: Emerson Fittipaldi ( and ), Nelson Piquet (, and ), and Ayrton Senna (, and ). In total, Brazil has 101 Formula One race wins (as of the 2009 Italian Grand Prix), distributed between Senna (41), Piquet (23), Fittipaldi (14), Felipe Massa (11), Rubens Barrichello (11), and José Carlos Pace (1). In , Brazil declared three days of national mourning after",
"title": "Sport in Brazil"
},
{
"id": "1941514",
"text": "Daytona 500 (1967) and the Formula One World Championship, and, along with Juan Pablo Montoya, the only driver to have won a race in the NASCAR Cup Series, Formula One, and an Indianapolis 500. No American has won a Formula One race since Andretti's victory at the 1978 Dutch Grand Prix. Andretti had 109 career wins on major circuits. Andretti had a long career in racing. He was the only person to be named United States Driver of the Year in three decades (1967, 1978, and 1984). He was also one of only three drivers to have won major races",
"title": "Mario Andretti"
},
{
"id": "9320169",
"text": "in the MP4/3B. The MP4/4 would go on to be the most dominant single season car in F1 history, winning 15 of 1988's 16 races, as well as claiming pole in 15). After finishing the role, the sixth car went to Argentina and is on display at the Juan Manuel Fangio Museum in Balcarce. () (results in \"italics\" indicate fastest lap) McLaren MP4/3 The McLaren MP4/3 is a Formula One racing car built and run by McLaren International during the 1987 Formula One World Championship. It was designed under the leadership of long time McLaren engineer, American Steve Nichols, after",
"title": "McLaren MP4/3"
},
{
"id": "19288226",
"text": "championship points in a single season, the F1 W07 Hybrid is statistically the second most dominant Formula One car in the history of the sport with a win percentage of 90.47% against the sport's most dominant car, the 1988 McLaren MP4/4 with a record of 93.75%. The car brought Mercedes's three years domination of the sport to a close as the technical regulations for 2017 were heavily revised and the token system used to regulate power unit development had been abandoned. The F1 W07 Hybrid was the successor to the F1 W06 Hybrid, which has been described as one of",
"title": "Mercedes F1 W07 Hybrid"
},
{
"id": "19288248",
"text": "Hamilton won his 51st Grand Prix which saw him tie Alain Prost for second most career victories on the all-time list. Hamilton's win in Mexico also gave Mercedes their seventeenth win of the season, setting a new Formula 1 record for most team wins in a single season, breaking their own record of 16 wins in each of the previous 2 seasons. Hamilton took his maiden victory at the Autódromo José Carlos Pace after starting on pole position at the penultimate race – , while Rosberg survived a near-spin due to wet weather conditions, gave Mercedes their seventh 1-2 finish",
"title": "Mercedes F1 W07 Hybrid"
},
{
"id": "135587",
"text": "Network and Ten Network), David Coulthard (BBC and Channel 4), Luciano Burti for Globo (Brazil), and Jean Alesi for Italian national network RAI. Others, such as Damon Hill and Jackie Stewart, take active roles in running motorsport in their own countries. Carlos Reutemann became a politician and served as governor of his native state in Argentina. The number of Grands Prix held in a season has varied over the years. The inaugural world championship season comprised only seven races, while the season contained twenty-one races. Although throughout the first decades of the world championship there were no more than eleven",
"title": "Formula One"
},
{
"id": "10457388",
"text": "the official governing body of motorsport in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom has been a major player in the Formula One World Championship since it began in 1950, providing ten different world champions, winning 18 titles between them, more than any other nation. Mike Hawthorn became the first British world champion in , defeating Stirling Moss, labelled by many as \"the greatest driver never to have won the world championship\". The country won four consecutive titles between 1962 and 1965, with Graham Hill, Jim Clark (twice) and John Surtees. Hill won again in 1968, and was succeeded by Jackie",
"title": "Motorsport in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "503851",
"text": "Niki Lauda Andreas Nikolaus \"Niki\" Lauda (born 22 February 1949) is an Austrian former Formula One driver and a three-time F1 World Drivers' Champion, winning in , and . He is currently the only driver to have been champion for both Ferrari and McLaren, the sport's two most successful constructors. He is considered by some as one of the greatest F1 drivers of all time. More recently an aviation entrepreneur, he has founded and run three airlines (Lauda Air, Niki, and Laudamotion). He is also Bombardier Business Aircraft brand ambassador. He was also a consultant for Scuderia Ferrari and team",
"title": "Niki Lauda"
},
{
"id": "1479712",
"text": "and clinched his sixth championship by two points over McLaren driver Kimi Räikkönen, surpassing Juan Manuel Fangio's record; Ferrari managed to win their 13th Constructors' Championship with Rubens Barrichello winning the race after starting from pole position. In 2003, F1 magazine reported that Ferrari's budget was $443,800,000. The 2004 Formula One season saw Ferrari return to dominance. Schumacher won 13 of the 18 races, and 12 of the first 13 of the season– both F1 records. He won his seventh and final Drivers' Championship by finishing second at the , with four races still remaining. Barrichello finished second in the",
"title": "Scuderia Ferrari"
},
{
"id": "4174879",
"text": "World Group, the Fed Cup has two World Groups, with only the eight teams in World Group I actually competing for that trophy.) Britain is the centre of Formula One, with the majority of the Formula One teams based in England, and more world titles won by drivers from Britain than from any other country, including Mike Hawthorn; Graham Hill (twice); Jim Clark (twice); John Surtees, also a world champion in motorcycling; Jackie Stewart (three times); James Hunt; Nigel Mansell; Graham Hill's son, Damon Hill; Lewis Hamilton (five times); and Jenson Button. The British Grand Prix takes place at Silverstone",
"title": "Sport in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "1941573",
"text": "Mario Andretti Friedman, wrecked the goddamn Ferrari.\" Mario Andretti Mario Gabriele Andretti (born February 28, 1940) is an Italian-born American former racing driver, one of the most successful Americans in the history of the sport. He is one of only two drivers to have won races in Formula One, IndyCar, World Sportscar Championship and NASCAR (the other being Dan Gurney). He also won races in midget cars, and sprint cars. During his career, Andretti won the 1978 Formula One World Championship, four IndyCar titles (three under USAC-sanctioning, one under CART), and IROC VI. To date, he remains the only driver",
"title": "Mario Andretti"
},
{
"id": "142102",
"text": "The 1940 AAC 815 was the first racing car to be designed by Enzo Ferrari, although it was not badged as a Ferrari model. \"Scuderia\" Ferrari has participated in several classes of motorsport, though it is currently only officially involved in Formula One. It is the only team to have competed in the Formula One World Championship continuously since its inception in 1950. José Froilán González gave the team its first F1 victory at the 1951 British Grand Prix. Alberto Ascari gave Ferrari its first Drivers Championship a year later. Ferrari is the oldest team in the championship, and the",
"title": "Ferrari"
},
{
"id": "2667483",
"text": "Bruce McLaren Bruce Leslie McLaren (30 August 1937 – 2 June 1970) was a New Zealand race-car designer, driver, engineer and inventor. His name lives on in the McLaren team which has been one of the most successful in Formula One championship history, winning a total of 8 World Constructors' Championships and 12 World Drivers' Championships. McLaren cars dominated CanAm sports car racing with 56 wins, a considerable number of them with him behind the wheel, between 1967 and 1972 (and five constructors' championships), and have won three Indianapolis 500 races, as well as the 24 Hours of Le Mans",
"title": "Bruce McLaren"
},
{
"id": "8514790",
"text": "14 points. Vettel took his fourth pole of the season in Canada. He converted pole into his third victory of the season and the 50th of his career, becoming just the fourth man in F1 history to reach a half-century of wins (after Prost, Schumacher and Hamilton). It was also the 14th time in Vettel's career he led a race from start to finish, with only Senna (19) having more. He left Montreal with a one-point lead in the championship, after Hamilton had a difficult weekend at one of his best tracks and only finished 5th. F1 returned to France",
"title": "Sebastian Vettel"
},
{
"id": "13998400",
"text": "The average winning gap to the nearest non-Mercedes driver dropped to 14.6 seconds. Rosberg won his only Drivers' Championship, finishing 5 points ahead of Hamilton, before announcing his retirement shortly after winning the title. On 16 January 2017, Valtteri Bottas was announced as Rosberg's replacement for the season and British GP3 driver George Russell was incorporated into the junior team. On 22 October 2017, Mercedes won the Constructors' Championship for the fourth consecutive time. One week later, Lewis Hamilton became the first British driver to win four world championships. Mercedes finished the 2017 season with 12 wins out of 20",
"title": "Mercedes-Benz in Formula One"
},
{
"id": "3181587",
"text": "World Championship titles (5) and more race victories () than any other British driver in Formula One. He also holds records for the all-time most career points (), the most wins at different circuits (26), the all-time most pole positions () and the most grand slams in a season (3). Born and raised in Stevenage, Hertfordshire, Hamilton's interest in racing started when his father bought him a radio-controlled car when he was six. He was signed to McLaren's young driver support programme in 1998, after he approached McLaren team principal Ron Dennis at an awards ceremony three years earlier and",
"title": "Lewis Hamilton"
},
{
"id": "1847106",
"text": "from pop singer Taylor Swift, just shy of 269,889 people went through the turnstiles during the race weekend. On October 22, 2017, Lewis Hamilton won the race. Former US president Bill Clinton awarded the winning trophy. Justin Timberlake's concert helped boost the Grand Prix attendance by 40,000 more than last year. In 2018, Britney Spears and Bruno Mars have been scheduled to perform at the event. The United States Grand Prix is the longest-running, and one of the best known Formula One World Championship events held in the United States, and the only U.S. event to appear on the F1",
"title": "United States Grand Prix"
},
{
"id": "16771569",
"text": "since 1969. Brazil produced three world champions, all of whom won more than once. Emerson Fittipaldi was the first Brazilian to secure the Drivers' Championship, winning in 1972 and 1974. Nelson Piquet managed one better, winning the championship three times in the 1980s and became the first Brazilian triple world champion. In 1991 31-year-old Ayrton Senna won his third title, making him the youngest ever three-time world champion at that time. Six Brazilian drivers won at least one Grand Prix, with a combined total of 101 wins. Ayrton Senna has won the most races with 41 victories, while Nelson Piquet",
"title": "Formula One drivers from Brazil"
},
{
"id": "3092077",
"text": "ensured himself of the title. However, by things had settled down somewhat. The downgraded 3-litre formula had no effect of the domination of the Renault V10, and Schumacher took his second Drivers' title, and Benetton their first Constructors' title, with relative ease, defeating the Williams team of Hill and David Coulthard. The Renault engine which powered both teams was virtually unbeatable, with only Ferrari claiming a single win at the Canadian Grand Prix for Alesi, his only career win. For , the FIA mandated a much larger minimum size cockpit area, along with driver's head protection, to ensure the driver's",
"title": "History of Formula One"
},
{
"id": "1783282",
"text": "Räikkönen retired from damage sustained from a first-lap collision with Daniel Ricciardo. Räikkönen took the 18th pole position of his career at the 2018 Italian Grand Prix, setting the fastest lap ever recorded in Formula One history. On 21 October 2018, he won the 2018 United States Grand Prix becoming, at 39, F1’s oldest race winner since Nigel Mansell in 1994, and the 13th oldest F1 race winner ever. It was his first win since the 2013 Australian Grand Prix 2,044 days earlier, his first win for Ferrari since he returned to the team back in 2014, his first win",
"title": "Kimi Räikkönen"
},
{
"id": "278597",
"text": "title run. Schumacher won five consecutive drivers' titles from 2000 to 2004, including an unprecedented sixth and seventh title. In 2002, Schumacher won the title with a record six races remaining and finished on the podium in every race. In 2004, Schumacher won twelve out of the first thirteen races and went on to win a record 13 times as he won his final title. Schumacher retired from Formula One in 2006, after finishing runner-up to Renault's Fernando Alonso. Schumacher returned to Formula One in 2010 with Mercedes. He produced the fastest qualifying time at the 2012 Monaco Grand Prix,",
"title": "Michael Schumacher"
},
{
"id": "119499",
"text": "at Silverstone was the first race in the newly created Formula One World Championship. Since then, England has produced some of the greatest drivers in the sport, including; John Surtees, Stirling Moss, Graham Hill (only driver to have won the Triple Crown), Nigel Mansell (only man to hold F1 and IndyCar titles at the same time), Damon Hill, Lewis Hamilton and Jenson Button. It has manufactured some of the most technically advanced racing cars, and many of today's racing companies choose England as their base of operations for its engineering knowledge and organisation. McLaren Automotive, Williams F1, Team Lotus, Honda,",
"title": "England"
},
{
"id": "3181586",
"text": "Lewis Hamilton Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton (born 7 January 1985) is a British racing driver who races in Formula One for Mercedes AMG Petronas. A five-time Formula One World Champion, he is often considered the best driver of his generation and widely regarded as one of the greatest drivers in the history of the sport. He won his first World Championship title with McLaren in , then moved to Mercedes where he won back-to-back titles in and before winning back-to-back titles again in and . Statistically the most successful British driver in the history of the sport, Hamilton has more",
"title": "Lewis Hamilton"
},
{
"id": "14476562",
"text": "SK Rapid Wien, FK Austria Wien, Red Bull Salzburg and Sturm Graz. Besides football, Austria also has professional national leagues for most major team sports, including the Austrian Hockey League for ice hockey, and the Österreichische Basketball Bundesliga for basketball. Horseback riding is also popular; the famed Spanish Riding School of Vienna is located in Vienna. Niki Lauda is a former Formula One driver who was three times F1 World Champion, winning in 1975, 1977 and 1984. He is currently the only driver to have been champion for both Ferrari and McLaren, the sport's two most successful constructors. Other known",
"title": "Austria"
},
{
"id": "8514821",
"text": "year 2010, he was voted German Sportspersonality of the Year (Sportler des Jahres). In the same year, he won the International Racing Driver category at the Autosport Awards for the first time, and has since won this award for three successive years (2010–2013). In January 2012, Vettel was honoured with the illustrious for being the \"Double consecutive F1 World Champion at the age of twenty four – winner of eleven Grands Prix out of nineteen\", and in the following month, he was further honoured with the highest sports award in Germany, the \"Silberne Lorbeerblatt\" – Silver Laurel Leaf – in",
"title": "Sebastian Vettel"
}
] | who has won the most races in f1 |
|
| [
{
"id": "808796",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family, her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, in 1936, when she was 10 years old. The story is told by the six-year-old Jean Louise Finch. The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator's",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "7501666",
"text": "Jean Louise \"Scout\" Finch (Mary Badham) and her brother Jeremy Atticus \"Jem\" Finch (Phillip Alford), live in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the early 1930s. The story covers three years, during which Scout and Jem undergo changes in their lives. They are innocent children, spending their days happily playing games with each other and spying on Arthur \"Boo\" Radley (Robert Duvall) who has not left his home for many years and about whom many rumors circulate. Their widowed father, Atticus (Gregory Peck), is a town lawyer and has strong beliefs that all people are to be treated fairly,",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "808797",
"text": "father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. Historian, J Crespino explains, \"In the twentieth century, \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism.\" As a Southern Gothic and \"Bildungsroman\" novel, the primary themes of \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South.",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808805",
"text": "Finch (nicknamed Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jeremy (nicknamed Jem), and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer. The three children are terrified yet fascinated by their neighbor, the reclusive Arthur \"Boo\" Radley. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo, and few of them have seen him for many years. The children feed one another's imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden, and they fantasize about how to get him out of his",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808887",
"text": "book, or Lee herself. Local residents call them \"Mockingbird groupies\", and although Lee was not reclusive, she refused publicity and interviews with an emphatic \"Hell, no!\" To Kill a Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was immediately successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family, her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, in 1936, when she was 10 years old. The story is told by the",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "7501668",
"text": "(Brock Peters), against an accusation of rape of a white girl, Mayella Ewell (Collin Wilcox). Atticus accepts the case. Jem and Scout experience schoolyard taunts for their father's decision. Later, as Atticus is sitting in front of the local jail to safeguard Robinson, a lynch mob arrives, which includes Mr. Cunningham. Scout, Jem and their friend, Dill (John Megna), interrupt the confrontation. Scout, unaware of the mob's purpose, recognizes Cunningham as the man who paid her father in hickory nuts and tells him to say hello to his son, who is her schoolmate. Cunningham becomes embarrassed and the mob disperses.",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "7501672",
"text": "Atticus and Jem go to the Robinson family home to inform them of Tom's death. Bob Ewell, Mayella's father, appears and spits in Atticus' face while Jem waits in the car. Atticus wipes his face and leaves. Autumn arrives, and Scout and Jem attend a nighttime Halloween pageant at their school. Scout wears a large hard-shelled ham costume, portraying one of Maycomb county's products. At some point during the pageant, Scout's dress and shoes are misplaced. She is forced to walk home without shoes, wearing her ham costume. While cutting through the woods, Scout and Jem are attacked by an",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "7501664",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film) To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 American drama film directed by Robert Mulligan. The screenplay by Horton Foote is based on Harper Lee's 1960 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name. It stars Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch and Mary Badham as Scout. \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" marked the film debuts of Robert Duvall, William Windom, and Alice Ghostley. The film received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics and was a box-office success, earning more than six times its budget. The film won three Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Peck, and was nominated for",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "7501667",
"text": "to turn the other cheek, and to stand for what you believe. He also allows his children to call him by his first name. Early in the film, the children see their father accept hickory nuts, and other produce, from Mr. Cunningham (Crahan Denton) for legal work because the client has no money. Through their father's work as a lawyer, Scout and Jem begin to learn of the racism and evil in their town, aggravated by poverty; they mature quickly as they are exposed to it. The local judge (Paul Fix) appoints Atticus to defend a black man, Tom Robinson",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "808836",
"text": "voices that might challenge the existing order, and greatly complicate many Americans' conception of the causes of racism and segregation.\" Lee's use of the middle-class narrative voice is a literary device that allows an intimacy with the reader, regardless of class or cultural background, and fosters a sense of nostalgia. Sharing Scout and Jem's perspective, the reader is allowed to engage in relationships with the conservative antebellum Mrs. Dubose; the lower-class Ewells, and the Cunninghams who are equally poor but behave in vastly different ways; the wealthy but ostracized Mr. Dolphus Raymond; and Calpurnia and other members of the black",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808820",
"text": "Maycomb embraces racism and still tries sincerely to remain a decent society. Satire and irony are used to such an extent that Tavernier-Courbin suggests one interpretation for the book's title: Lee is doing the mocking—of education, the justice system, and her own society—by using them as subjects of her humorous disapproval. Critics also note the entertaining methods used to drive the plot. When Atticus is out of town, Jem locks a Sunday school classmate in the church basement with the furnace during a game of Shadrach. This prompts their black housekeeper Calpurnia to escort Scout and Jem to her church,",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "7501687",
"text": "Sarabande Film Classics series. To Kill a Mockingbird (film) To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 American drama film directed by Robert Mulligan. The screenplay by Horton Foote is based on Harper Lee's 1960 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name. It stars Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch and Mary Badham as Scout. \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" marked the film debuts of Robert Duvall, William Windom, and Alice Ghostley. The film received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics and was a box-office success, earning more than six times its budget. The film won three Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Peck,",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "7501677",
"text": "to multiple authors from Monroeville. The film received widespread critical acclaim. As of July 2018, it maintains a 91% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 57 reviews. According to Bosley Crowther: Horton Foote's script and the direction of Mr. Mulligan may not penetrate that deeply, but they do allow Mr. Peck and little Miss Badham and Master Alford to portray delightful characters. Their charming enactments of a father and his children in that close relationship, which can occur at only one brief period, are worth all the footage of the film. Rosemary Murphy as a neighbor, Brock Peters as the",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "808828",
"text": "in the novel. Scout's Aunt Alexandra attributes Maycomb's inhabitants' faults and advantages to genealogy (families that have gambling streaks and drinking streaks), and the narrator sets the action and characters amid a finely detailed background of the Finch family history and the history of Maycomb. This regionalist theme is further reflected in Mayella Ewell's apparent powerlessness to admit her advances toward Tom Robinson, and Scout's definition of \"fine folks\" being people with good sense who do the best they can with what they have. The South itself, with its traditions and taboos, seems to drive the plot more than the",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808846",
"text": "on [her]\". Johnson states, \"[t]he novel is a study of how Jem and Scout begin to perceive the complexity of social codes and how the configuration of relationships dictated by or set off by those codes fails or nurtures the inhabitants of (their) small worlds.\" Songbirds and their associated symbolism appear throughout the novel. Their family name Finch is also Lee's mother's maiden name. The titular mockingbird is a key motif of this theme, which first appears when Atticus, having given his children air-rifles for Christmas, allows their Uncle Jack to teach them to shoot. Atticus warns them that, although",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "7501673",
"text": "unidentified man who has been following them. Scout's costume, like an awkward suit of armor, protects her from the attack but restricts her movement and severely restricts her vision. Jem is knocked unconscious and Scout escapes unharmed in a brief but violent struggle. Their attacker is thwarted and overcome by another unidentified man. Scout escapes her costume in time to see the second man carrying Jem to their home. Scout follows the stranger inside and runs into the arms of a concerned Atticus. Doc Reynolds comes over and treats the broken arm of an unconscious Jem. When Sheriff Tate asks",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "808804",
"text": "hoped for a little, as I said, but I got rather a whole lot, and in some ways this was just about as frightening as the quick, merciful death I'd expected. Instead of a \"quick and merciful death\", \"Reader's Digest Condensed Books\" chose the book for reprinting in part, which gave it a wide readership immediately. Since the original publication, the book has never been out of print. The story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional \"tired old town\" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "1602398",
"text": "was the basis for the character Dill in \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". The plot and characters of \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10 years old. The novel deals with the irrationality of adult attitudes towards race and class in the Deep South of the 1930s, as depicted through the eyes of two children. The novel was inspired by racist attitudes in her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama. Another novel, \"Go Set a Watchman\", was written in",
"title": "Harper Lee"
},
{
"id": "808842",
"text": "for with the use of first-person narration, she indicates that Scout/ Jean Louise still maintains the ambivalence about being a Southern lady she possessed as a child.\" Absent mothers and abusive fathers are another theme in the novel. Scout and Jem's mother died before Scout could remember her, Mayella's mother is dead, and Mrs. Radley is silent about Boo's confinement to the house. Apart from Atticus, the fathers described are abusers. Bob Ewell, it is hinted, molested his daughter, and Mr. Radley imprisons his son in his house to the extent that Boo is remembered only as a phantom. Bob",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "7501683",
"text": "any other film he has ever done. In 1995 \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". It is also Robert Duvall's big-screen debut, as the misunderstood recluse Boo Radley. Duvall was cast on the recommendation of screenwriter Horton Foote, who met him at Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City where Duvall starred in a 1957 production of Foote's play, \"The Midnight Caller\". The American Film Institute named Atticus Finch the greatest movie hero of the 20th century. Additionally, the AFI",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "7501671",
"text": "In a town where whites are viewed as superior to blacks, Tom's sympathy for Mayella dooms his case, and he is found guilty. As Atticus leaves the courtroom, the black spectators in the balcony rise to their feet as a sign of respect and appreciation. Reverend Sykes says to Scout, \"Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passing.\" When Atticus arrives home, Sheriff Heck Tate (Frank Overton) tells him that Tom has been killed by a deputy during his transfer to prison. According to this deputy, Tom was trying to escape, \"running like a crazy man\" before he was shot.",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "11809385",
"text": "Crahan Denton Crahan Denton (born Arthur Denton, March 20, 1914 – December 4, 1966) (pronunciation: \"kran\") was an American stage and television actor. One of his most famous film roles was in \"To Kill A Mockingbird\" where he portrays \"Walter Cunningham,\" a client of the main character, Atticus Finch, and the leader of a mob which attempts to lynch another of Finch's clients. The son of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Denton, he was born in Seattle, Washington, United States. He studied drama at the University of California, Berkeley and at the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York",
"title": "Crahan Denton"
},
{
"id": "808840",
"text": "as Lee explores Jem's development in coming to grips with a racist and unjust society, Scout realizes what being female means, and several female characters influence her development. Scout's primary identification with her father and older brother allows her to describe the variety and depth of female characters in the novel both as one of them and as an outsider. Scout's primary female models are Calpurnia and her neighbor Miss Maudie, both of whom are strong-willed, independent, and protective. Mayella Ewell also has an influence; Scout watches her destroy an innocent man in order to hide her desire for him.",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808837",
"text": "community. The children internalize Atticus' admonition not to judge someone until they have walked around in that person's skin, gaining a greater understanding of people's motives and behavior. The novel has been noted for its poignant exploration of different forms of courage. Scout's impulsive inclination to fight students who insult Atticus reflects her attempt to stand up for him and defend him. Atticus is the moral center of the novel, however, and he teaches Jem one of the most significant lessons of courage. In a statement that both foreshadows Atticus' motivation for defending Tom Robinson and describes Mrs. Dubose, who",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "9738566",
"text": "Atticus Finch Atticus Finch is a fictional character in Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of 1960, \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". A preliminary version of the character also appears in the novel \"Go Set a Watchman\", written in the mid 1950s but not published until 2015. Atticus is a lawyer and resident of the fictional Maycomb County, Alabama, and the father of Jeremy \"Jem\" Finch and Jean Louise \"Scout\" Finch. Lee based the character on her own father, Amasa Coleman Lee, an Alabama lawyer, who, like Atticus, represented black defendants in a highly publicized criminal trial. \"Book Magazine\"s list of \"The",
"title": "Atticus Finch"
},
{
"id": "808814",
"text": "for Capote's nonfiction novel \"In Cold Blood\". Down the street from the Lees lived a family whose house was always boarded up; they served as the models for the fictional Radleys. The son of the family got into some legal trouble and the father kept him at home for 24 years out of shame. He was hidden until virtually forgotten; he died in 1952. The origin of Tom Robinson is less clear, although many have speculated that his character was inspired by several models. When Lee was 10 years old, a white woman near Monroeville accused a black man named",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "7501678",
"text": "Negro on trial, and Frank Overton as a troubled sheriff are good as locality characters, too. James Anderson and Collin Wilcox as Southern bigots are almost caricatures. But those are minor shortcomings in a rewarding film. Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" criticized the film for focusing less on the blacks, denouncing the cliché of the honest, white man standing for a helpless black: It expresses the liberal pieties of a more innocent time, the early 1960s, and it goes very easy on the realities of small-town Alabama in the 1930s. One of the most dramatic scenes shows a lynch",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "808809",
"text": "the judge's house, and menacing Tom Robinson's widow. Finally, he attacks the defenseless Jem and Scout while they walk home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant. Jem suffers a broken arm in the struggle, but amid the confusion someone comes to the children's rescue. The mysterious man carries Jem home, where Scout realizes that he is Boo Radley. Sheriff Tate arrives and discovers that Bob Ewell has died during the fight. The sheriff argues with Atticus about the prudence and ethics of charging Jem (whom Atticus believes to be responsible) or Boo (whom Tate believes to be",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808819",
"text": "uses parody, satire, and irony effectively by using a child's perspective. After Dill promises to marry her, then spends too much time with Jem, Scout reasons the best way to get him to pay attention to her is to beat him up, which she does several times. Scout's first day in school is a satirical treatment of education; her teacher says she must undo the damage Atticus has wrought in teaching her to read and write, and forbids Atticus from teaching her further. Lee treats the most unfunny situations with irony, however, as Jem and Scout try to understand how",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808821",
"text": "which allows the children a glimpse into her personal life, as well as Tom Robinson's. Scout falls asleep during the Halloween pageant and makes a tardy entrance onstage, causing the audience to laugh uproariously. She is so distracted and embarrassed that she prefers to go home in her ham costume, which saves her life. Scholars have characterized \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" as both a Southern Gothic and a \"Bildungsroman\". The grotesque and near-supernatural qualities of Boo Radley and his house, and the element of racial injustice involving Tom Robinson, contribute to the aura of the Gothic in the novel. Lee",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "11809388",
"text": "years old. Denton won an Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Performances in Supporting Roles for 1954-1955 for his work in \"Bus Stop\" (1955). Crahan Denton Crahan Denton (born Arthur Denton, March 20, 1914 – December 4, 1966) (pronunciation: \"kran\") was an American stage and television actor. One of his most famous film roles was in \"To Kill A Mockingbird\" where he portrays \"Walter Cunningham,\" a client of the main character, Atticus Finch, and the leader of a mob which attempts to lynch another of Finch's clients. The son of Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Denton, he was born in Seattle,",
"title": "Crahan Denton"
},
{
"id": "1675095",
"text": "and other well-known names of the Actors Studio. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture for her performance as Frances Farmer's possessive mother in \"Frances\" (1982). She also played Pancho Barnes in \"The Right Stuff\" (1983). Stanley was the uncredited narrator in the drama film \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" (1962). As the narrator, she represents the character Jean Louise Finch (\"Scout\") as an adult. Mary Badham portrays Scout as a child in the film. She received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Single Performance by",
"title": "Kim Stanley"
},
{
"id": "808883",
"text": "treasure. She's someone who has made a difference ... with this book. The book is still as strong as it ever was, and so is the film. All the kids in the United States read this book and see the film in the seventh and eighth grades and write papers and essays. My husband used to get thousands and thousands of letters from teachers who would send them to him. The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel. It debuted in 1990 in Monroeville, a town that labels itself \"The Literary Capital of Alabama\". The play",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "7501679",
"text": "mob facing Atticus, who is all by himself on the jailhouse steps the night before Tom Robinson's trial. The mob is armed and prepared to break in and hang Robinson, but Scout bursts onto the scene, recognizes a poor farmer who has been befriended by her father, and shames him (and all the other men) into leaving. Her speech is a calculated strategic exercise, masked as the innocent words of a child; one shot of her eyes shows she realizes exactly what she's doing. Could a child turn away a lynch mob at that time, in that place? Isn't it",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "808806",
"text": "house. After two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place. Several times the mysterious Boo makes gestures of affection to the children, but, to their disappointment, he never appears in person. Judge Taylor appoints Atticus to defend Tom Robinson, a black man who has been accused of raping a young white woman, Mayella Ewell. Although many of Maycomb's citizens disapprove, Atticus agrees to defend Tom to the best of his ability. Other children taunt Jem and Scout for Atticus's actions, calling him a \"nigger-lover\". Scout",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808848",
"text": "a moral point. Tom Robinson is the chief example among several innocents destroyed carelessly or deliberately throughout the novel. However, scholar Christopher Metress connects the mockingbird to Boo Radley: \"Instead of wanting to exploit Boo for her own fun (as she does in the beginning of the novel by putting on gothic plays about his history), Scout comes to see him as a 'mockingbird'—that is, as someone with an inner goodness that must be cherished.\" The last pages of the book illustrate this as Scout relates the moral of a story Atticus has been reading to her, and, in allusions",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808839",
"text": "it\" exemplifies his compassion. She ponders the comment when listening to Mayella Ewell's testimony. When Mayella reacts with confusion to Atticus' question if she has any friends, Scout offers that she must be lonelier than Boo Radley. Having walked Boo home after he saves their lives, Scout stands on the Radley porch and considers the events of the previous three years from Boo's perspective. One writer remarks, \"... [w]hile the novel concerns tragedy and injustice, heartache and loss, it also carries with it a strong sense [of] courage, compassion, and an awareness of history to be better human beings.\" Just",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "2379627",
"text": "poisoning in Baltimore and Washington, D.C. populations. It also features in the title and central metaphor of the novel \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", by Harper Lee. In that novel, mockingbirds are portrayed as innocent and generous, and two of the major characters, Atticus Finch and Miss Maudie, say it is a sin to kill a mockingbird because \"they don't do one thing for us but make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corncribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us.\" \"Hush, Little Baby\" is a traditional lullaby,",
"title": "Northern mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808833",
"text": "well. For example, Atticus must shoot a rabid dog, even though it is not his job to do so. Carolyn Jones argues that the dog represents prejudice within the town of Maycomb, and Atticus, who waits on a deserted street to shoot the dog, must fight against the town's racism without help from other white citizens. He is also alone when he faces a group intending to lynch Tom Robinson and once more in the courthouse during Tom's trial. Lee even uses dreamlike imagery from the mad dog incident to describe some of the courtroom scenes. Jones writes, \"[t]he real",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808812",
"text": "gradually became more liberal in his later years. Though Scout's mother died when she was a baby, Lee was 25 when her mother, Frances Cunningham Finch, died. Lee's mother was prone to a nervous condition that rendered her mentally and emotionally absent. Lee's older brother Edwin was the inspiration for Jem. Lee modeled the character of Dill on her childhood friend, Truman Capote, known then as Truman Persons. Just as Dill lived next door to Scout during the summer, Capote lived next door to Lee with his aunts while his mother visited New York City. Like Dill, Capote had an",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808823",
"text": "that Boo Radley is in fact human, protective, and benevolent. Furthermore, in addressing themes such as alcoholism, incest, rape, and racial violence, Lee wrote about her small town realistically rather than melodramatically. She portrays the problems of individual characters as universal underlying issues in every society. As children coming of age, Scout and Jem face hard realities and learn from them. Lee seems to examine Jem's sense of loss about how his neighbors have disappointed him more than Scout's. Jem says to their neighbor Miss Maudie the day after the trial, \"It's like bein' a caterpillar wrapped in a cocoon",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "18572101",
"text": "brewing in the South in the 1950s and delves into the complex relationship between father and daughter. It includes treatments of many of the characters who appear in \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". Jean Louise \"Scout\" Finch, 26, returns to her hometown of Maycomb, Alabama, from New York. While on her annual fortnight-long visit home, she is met by her childhood sweetheart Henry \"Hank\" Clinton. Clinton works for her father Atticus, who is a lawyer and former state legislator. Jack, Atticus's brother and a retired doctor, is Scout's mentor. Their sister Alexandria runs the house and took Calpurnia's place when she",
"title": "Go Set a Watchman"
},
{
"id": "7501665",
"text": "eight, including Best Picture. In 1995, the film was listed in the National Film Registry. In 2003, the American Film Institute named Atticus Finch the greatest movie hero of the 20th century. In 2007 the film ranked twenty-fifth on the AFI's 10th anniversary list of the greatest American movies of all time. In 2005, the British Film Institute included it in their list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14. The film was restored and released on Blu-ray and DVD in 2012 as part of the 100th anniversary of Universal Pictures. The film's young protagonists,",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "808807",
"text": "is tempted to stand up for her father's honor by fighting, even though he has told her not to. Atticus faces a group of men intent on lynching Tom. This danger is averted when Scout, Jem, and Dill shame the mob into dispersing by forcing them to view the situation from Atticus' and Tom's perspective. Atticus does not want Jem and Scout to be present at Tom Robinson's trial. No seat is available on the main floor, so by invitation of the Rev. Sykes, Jem, Scout, and Dill watch from the colored balcony. Atticus establishes that the accusers—Mayella and her",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808878",
"text": "the narrative. This earlier version of the story follows an adult Scout Finch who travels from New York City to visit her father, Atticus Finch, in Maycomb, Alabama, where she is confronted by the intolerance in her community. The \"Watchman\" manuscript was believed to have been lost until Lee's lawyer Tonja Carter discovered it, but this claim has been widely disputed. \"Watchman\" contains early versions of many of the characters from \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". According to Lee's agent Andrew Nurnberg, \"Mockingbird\" was originally intended to be the first book of a trilogy: \"They discussed publishing \"Mockingbird\" first, \"Watchman\" last,",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "9738577",
"text": "and humanist John Lovejoy Elliot. He notes that the book, \"A Ministry to Man\", was published in 1959, a year before \"Mockingbird.\" Atticus Finch Atticus Finch is a fictional character in Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of 1960, \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". A preliminary version of the character also appears in the novel \"Go Set a Watchman\", written in the mid 1950s but not published until 2015. Atticus is a lawyer and resident of the fictional Maycomb County, Alabama, and the father of Jeremy \"Jem\" Finch and Jean Louise \"Scout\" Finch. Lee based the character on her own father, Amasa",
"title": "Atticus Finch"
},
{
"id": "808829",
"text": "characters. The second part of the novel deals with what book reviewer Harding LeMay termed \"the spirit-corroding shame of the civilized white Southerner in the treatment of the Negro\". In the years following its release, many reviewers considered \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" a novel primarily concerned with race relations. Claudia Durst Johnson considers it \"reasonable to believe\" that the novel was shaped by two events involving racial issues in Alabama: Rosa Parks' refusal to yield her seat on a city bus to a white person, which sparked the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott, and the 1956 riots at the University of",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808808",
"text": "father, Bob Ewell, the town drunk—are lying. It also becomes clear that the friendless Mayella made sexual advances toward Tom, and that her father caught her and beat her. Despite significant evidence of Tom's innocence, the jury convicts him. Jem's faith in justice becomes badly shaken, as is Atticus', when the hapless Tom is shot and killed while trying to escape from prison. Despite Tom's conviction, Bob Ewell is humiliated by the events of the trial, Atticus explaining that he \"destroyed [Ewell's] last shred of credibility at that trial.\" Ewell vows revenge, spitting in Atticus' face, trying to break into",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "9473016",
"text": "a year and has been the second-best-selling backlist title in the United States. Whether they like the book or not, readers can remember when and where they were the first time they opened the book. Because of this, \"Mockingbird\" has become a pillar for students around the country and symbol of justice and the reminiscence of childhood. \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" is not solely about the cultural legal practices of Atticus Finch, but about the fatherly virutes he held towards his children and the way Scout viewed him as a father. Parties were held across the United States for the",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird in popular culture"
},
{
"id": "808830",
"text": "Alabama after Autherine Lucy and Polly Myers were admitted (Myers eventually withdrew her application and Lucy was expelled, but reinstated in 1980). In writing about the historical context of the novel's construction, two other literary scholars remark: \"\"To Kill a Mockingbird\" was written and published amidst the most significant and conflict-ridden social change in the South since the Civil War and Reconstruction. Inevitably, despite its mid-1930s setting, the story told from the perspective of the 1950s voices the conflicts, tensions, and fears induced by this transition.\" Scholar Patrick Chura, who suggests Emmett Till was a model for Tom Robinson, enumerates",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808843",
"text": "Ewell and Mr. Radley represent a form of masculinity that Atticus does not, and the novel suggests that such men, as well as the traditionally feminine hypocrites at the Missionary Society, can lead society astray. Atticus stands apart as a unique model of masculinity; as one scholar explains: \"It is the job of real men who embody the traditional masculine qualities of heroic individualism, bravery, and an unshrinking knowledge of and dedication to social justice and morality, to set the society straight.\" Allusions to legal issues in \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", particularly in scenes outside of the courtroom, have drawn",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "14732295",
"text": "is possessed by the spirit of Lincoln Slade, whom Mockingbird had previously killed, and then recruits Crossfire, Hawkeye's nemesis, to help exact his revenge. After discovering the secret identities of Hawkeye and Mockingbird, Crossfire tracks down and critically wounds Mockingbird's mother. Enraged by the assault, Hawkeye and Mockingbird storm Crossfire's base but soon discover that they have been lured into a trap where Slade sets off a bomb that seemingly kills the duo. Surviving the blast, Hawkeye and Mocking use their apparent deaths to lure Slade and Crossfire into a trap of their own. Hawkeye and Mockingbird transport Jaimie Slade",
"title": "Hawkeye & Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "20790985",
"text": "15, 2018, it was announced that Jeff Daniels would star in the production as Atticus Finch. Celia Keenan-Bolger and Will Pullen were also announced to play Scout and Jem Finch, respectively. In March 2018, the Harper Lee estate filed a lawsuit against the play's production company based on allegations that the play deviates too much from the novel; Sorkin had previously admitted that “As far as Atticus and his virtue goes, this is a different take on Mockingbird than Harper Lee’s or Horton Foote’s.” The following month, producer Scott Rudin countersued for breach of contract. The legal dispute was settled",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (2018 play)"
},
{
"id": "808849",
"text": "to both Boo Radley and Tom Robinson, states about a character who was misunderstood, \"when they finally saw him, why he hadn't done any of those things ... Atticus, he was real nice,\" to which he responds, \"Most people are, Scout, when you finally see them.\" The novel exposes the loss of innocence so frequently that reviewer R. A. Dave claims that because every character has to face, or even suffer defeat, the book takes on elements of a classical tragedy. In exploring how each character deals with his or her own personal defeat, Lee builds a framework to judge",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808811",
"text": "said that \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" is not an autobiography, but rather an example of how an author \"should write about what he knows and write truthfully\". Nevertheless, several people and events from Lee's childhood parallel those of the fictional Scout. Lee's father, Amasa Coleman Lee, was an attorney, similar to Atticus Finch, and in 1919, he defended two black men accused of murder. After they were convicted, hanged and mutilated, he never tried another criminal case. Lee's father was also the editor and publisher of the Monroeville newspaper. Although more of a proponent of racial segregation than Atticus, he",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "831823",
"text": "Atticus Finch, a Depression-era lawyer and widowed father, in a film adaptation of the Harper Lee novel \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". Released in 1962 during the height of the Civil Rights Movement in the Southern United States, this film and his role were Peck's favorites. In 2003, Peck's portrayal of Atticus Finch was named the greatest film hero of the past 100 years by the American Film Institute. Peck served as the president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 1967, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the American Film Institute from 1967 to 1969, Chairman",
"title": "Gregory Peck"
},
{
"id": "7501685",
"text": "movie. She was the last surviving African-American adult who had a speaking part in the movie. When told of the award, she said, \"I think it is terrific. I'm very pleased and very surprised\". The film won three Academy Awards out of the eight for which it was nominated. Other nominations were for Its main competition was \"Lawrence of Arabia\", which won the Oscar for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Score. Peter O'Toole had been nominated for Best Actor for his performance as T. E. Lawrence, but Peck won for \"Mockingbird\". \"The Longest Day\" claimed the award for",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "808850",
"text": "whether the characters are heroes or fools. She guides the reader in such judgments, alternating between unabashed adoration and biting irony. Scout's experience with the Missionary Society is an ironic juxtaposition of women who mock her, gossip, and \"reflect a smug, colonialist attitude toward other races\" while giving the \"appearance of gentility, piety, and morality\". Conversely, when Atticus loses Tom's case, he is last to leave the courtroom, except for his children and the black spectators in the colored balcony, who rise silently as he walks underneath them, to honor his efforts. Despite her editors' warnings that the book might",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "7501674",
"text": "Scout what happened, she sees a man standing quietly in the corner behind the door of Jem's room. Atticus formally introduces Scout to Arthur Radley, whom she has known as Boo, the man who came to the aid of Jem and Scout in the woods. It is revealed that Boo had overpowered Bob Ewell before carrying Jem home. The sheriff reports that Ewell was discovered dead at the scene of the attack with a knife in his ribs. Atticus assumes that Jem killed Ewell in self-defense. Sheriff Tate, however, believes that Boo killed Ewell in defense of the children, and",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "808880",
"text": "Atticus Finch. The film's producer, Alan J. Pakula, remembered Universal Pictures executives questioning him about a potential script: \"They said, 'What story do you plan to tell for the film?' I said, 'Have you read the book?' They said, 'Yes.' I said, 'That's the story.'\" The movie was a hit at the box office, quickly grossing more than $20 million from a $2-million budget. It won three Oscars: Best Actor for Gregory Peck, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White, and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium for Horton Foote. It was nominated for five more Oscars including Best",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "7501675",
"text": "he tells Atticus that to drag the shy and reserved Boo into the spotlight for his heroism would be \"a sin\". To protect Boo, Sheriff Tate suggests that Ewell \"fell on his knife\". Scout draws a startlingly precocious analogy, likening unwelcome public attention to Boo to the killing of a mockingbird. In the order of the film's opening credits: The producers had wanted to use Harper Lee's hometown of Monroeville, Alabama for the set. Harper Lee used her experiences as a child in Monroeville as the basis for the fictional town of Maycomb, so it seemed that would be the",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "808810",
"text": "responsible). Atticus eventually accepts the sheriff's story that Ewell simply fell on his own knife. Boo asks Scout to walk him home, and after she says goodbye to him at his front door he disappears again. While standing on the Radley porch, Scout imagines life from Boo's perspective, and regrets that they had never repaid him for the gifts he had given them. Scout then goes back home to Atticus and stays up with him for a while in Jem's room. Soon Atticus takes her to bed and tucks her in, before leaving to go back to Jem. Lee has",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808832",
"text": "Kill a Mockingbird\" was physically impaired, which made him unable to commit the act he was accused of, but also crippled him in other ways. Roslyn Siegel includes Tom Robinson as an example of the recurring motif among white Southern writers of the black man as \"stupid, pathetic, defenseless, and dependent upon the fair dealing of the whites, rather than his own intelligence to save him\". Although Tom is spared from being lynched, he is killed with excessive violence during an attempted escape from prison, being shot seventeen times. The theme of racial injustice appears symbolically in the novel as",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808824",
"text": "... I always thought Maycomb folks were the best folks in the world, least that's what they seemed like\". This leads him to struggle with understanding the separations of race and class. Just as the novel is an illustration of the changes Jem faces, it is also an exploration of the realities Scout must face as an atypical girl on the verge of womanhood. As one scholar writes, \"\"To Kill a Mockingbird\" can be read as a feminist Bildungsroman, for Scout emerges from her childhood experiences with a clear sense of her place in her community and an awareness of",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "1001959",
"text": "from Meridian, Mississippi, where he is a tobacco farmer and later a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War. In the film \"X-Men\", the character Rogue hails from Meridian, Mississippi, and a small portion of the movie takes place there. In the book \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" by Harper Lee, one of the characters, Dill Harris, is from Meridian. Meridian, Mississippi Meridian is the sixth largest city in the state of Mississippi, United States. It is the county seat of Lauderdale County and the principal city of the Meridian, Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area. Along major highways, the city is east",
"title": "Meridian, Mississippi"
},
{
"id": "808834",
"text": "mad dog in Maycomb is the racism that denies the humanity of Tom Robinson ... When Atticus makes his summation to the jury, he literally bares himself to the jury's and the town's anger.\" In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was \"to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama.\" Both Austen and Lee challenged the social status quo and valued individual worth over social standing. When Scout embarrasses her poorer classmate, Walter Cunningham, at the Finch home one day, Calpurnia, their black cook, chastises and punishes her for doing so. Atticus respects Calpurnia's judgment, and later",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "7501681",
"text": "role because the book reminded him of growing up in La Jolla, California. \"Hardly a day passes that I don't think how lucky I was to be cast in that film\", Peck said in a 1997 interview. \"I recently sat at a dinner next to a woman who saw it when she was 14-years-old, and she said it changed her life. I hear things like that all the time\". The 1962 softcover edition of the novel opens: Harper Lee, in liner notes written for the film's DVD re-release by Universal, wrote: Upon Peck's death in 2003, Brock Peters, who played",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "17849415",
"text": "the similarly-themed To Kill a Mockingbird. Narrated by a young boy named Andy, the story follows the Duvitch family, Croatian immigrants whose physical appearance the narrator immediately marks as both \"foreign\" and poor. Though sicknesses typical of the period (typhoid, whooping cough, measles) and dire poverty afflict the family, they remain kind, optimistic, and surprisingly generous. The townspeople, however, have trouble looking beyond appearances. They harangue the Duvitch siblings, taunting them for everything from \"the leaf, lard and black bread sandwiches they ate for lunch\" to the \"rag pickers’ clothes\" they wear to school. After the narrator Andy and his",
"title": "Ambrose Flack"
},
{
"id": "1953556",
"text": "\"Abe Lincoln, Freedom Fighter\" (1978), Peters plays Henry, a freed black slave who is falsely accused of robbery but, defended by Abraham Lincoln, is found not guilty due to the fact he has a damaged hand and could not have committed the crime. In \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", Peters plays Tom Robinson, a black man falsely accused of raping a white girl, whom Atticus Finch shows could not have committed because his hand (and arm) were damaged. In 1970 Peters portrayed the voice of African-American boxer Jack Johnson in Bill Cayton's film of the same name, and it is in",
"title": "Brock Peters"
},
{
"id": "808817",
"text": "scene melting into another scene without jolts of transition.\" Lee combines the narrator's voice of a child observing her surroundings with a grown woman's reflecting on her childhood, using the ambiguity of this voice combined with the narrative technique of flashback to play intricately with perspectives. This narrative method allows Lee to tell a \"delightfully deceptive\" story that mixes the simplicity of childhood observation with adult situations complicated by hidden motivations and unquestioned tradition. However, at times the blending causes reviewers to question Scout's preternatural vocabulary and depth of understanding. Both Harding LeMay and the novelist and literary critic Granville",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "14323629",
"text": "Amasa Coleman Lee Amasa Coleman Lee (July 19, 1880 – April 15, 1962) was an American politician and lawyer. Lee was the father of Harper Lee, author of the novel \"To Kill A Mockingbird.\" It is often said that Atticus Finch, one of the characters in the novel, is based, at least in part, on Amasa Coleman Lee. Lee was born in Georgiana, Alabama. He lived on a farm in or near Chipley, Florida, and he worked variously as a teacher and as a bookkeeper at the Flat Creek Mill in Finchburg, Alabama, where he met and, on June 22,",
"title": "Amasa Coleman Lee"
},
{
"id": "5635457",
"text": "Collin Wilcox (actress) Collin Wilcox (February 4, 1935 – October 14, 2009) was an American film, stage and television actress. Over her career, she was also credited as Collin Wilcox-Horne or Collin Wilcox-Paxton. Wilcox may be best known for her role in \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" (1962), in which she played Mayella Violet Ewell, whose false claim of being raped sparks the trial at the center of the film. Wilcox was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and moved with her family to Highlands, North Carolina, as a baby. Her interest in theater was sparked by her parents, Jack H. and Virginia",
"title": "Collin Wilcox (actress)"
},
{
"id": "1553742",
"text": "to journey without weapons, and being saved from failure by his earlier decision to spare the life of the creature Gollum. Conor Cruise O'Brien wrote that Albert Camus was the writer most representative of the Western consciousness and conscience in its relation to the non-Western world. Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird portrays Atticus Finch (played by Gregory Peck in the classic film from the book (see To Kill a Mockingbird (film))) as a lawyer true to his conscience who sets an example to his children and community. The Robert Bolt play \"A Man For All Seasons\" focuses on the",
"title": "Conscience"
},
{
"id": "9738574",
"text": "\"To Kill a Mockingbird\" was published first, \"Watchman\" is the first draft of the text that later became \"Mockingbird\" and the characterizations and key plot details between the two books are not only different but sometimes contradictory. In terms of plot, Tom Robinson is acquitted in \"Watchman\" while in \"Mockingbird\" his unjust conviction as the result of prejudice was a central part of not only the story but why Atticus is seen culturally as such a righteous and progressive character. His defense is based on not just Robinson's innocence but on his fundamental equality. His closing argument is a more",
"title": "Atticus Finch"
},
{
"id": "808877",
"text": "gift to the entire world. As a model of good writing and humane sensibility, this book will be read and studied forever.\" After remaining at number one throughout the entire five-month-long voting period in 2018, the American public, via PBS's \"The Great American Read\", chose \"To Kill A Mockingbird\" as America's Favorite Book. An earlier draft of \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", titled \"Go Set a Watchman\", was controversially released on July 14, 2015. This draft, which was completed in 1957, is set 20 years after the time period depicted in \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" but is not a continuation of",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808831",
"text": "the injustices endured by the fictional Tom that Till also faced. Chura notes the icon of the black rapist causing harm to the representation of the \"mythologized vulnerable and sacred Southern womanhood\". Any transgressions by black males that merely hinted at sexual contact with white females during the time the novel was set often resulted in a punishment of death for the accused. Tom Robinson's trial was juried by poor white farmers who convicted him despite overwhelming evidence of his innocence, as more educated and moderate white townspeople supported the jury's decision. Furthermore, the victim of racial injustice in \"To",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "2523050",
"text": "Loiters in Mississippi. Meanwhile, A Mississippi Mother Burns Bacon\" (1960). The same year Harper Lee published \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", in which a white attorney is committed to defending a black man named Tom Robinson, accused of raping a white woman. Lee, whose novel had a profound effect on civil rights, never commented on why she wrote about Robinson. Literature professor Patrick Chura noted several similarities between Till's case and that of Robinson. Writer James Baldwin loosely based his 1964 drama \"Blues for Mister Charlie\" on the Till case. He later divulged that Till's murder had been bothering him for",
"title": "Emmett Till"
},
{
"id": "5633778",
"text": "adaptation of James Agee's novel about the effect of a father's death on his family. This led to his being cast as Charles Baker \"Dill\" Harris, the toothy young summer visitor in the 1962 film \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". The character was based on writer Truman Capote, a childhood friend and later associate of Harper Lee, the author of the original novel. Megna appeared in many television programs throughout the 1960s and 1970s; he portrayed a near-blind child in the \"Naked City\" episode \"A Horse Has a Big Head - Let Him Worry!\", one of the \"Onlies\" in the \"Miri\"",
"title": "John Megna"
},
{
"id": "384356",
"text": "(1886) is called Marmion, evoking what James considered the Quixotic idealism of these social reformers. In \"To the Lighthouse\" by Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Ramsey glances at her husband: In 1951, science-fiction author Isaac Asimov wrote \"Breeds There a Man...?\", a short story with a title alluding vividly to Scott's \"The Lay of the Last Minstrel\" (1805). In \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" (1960), the protagonist's brother is made to read Walter Scott's book \"Ivanhoe\" to the ailing Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose, and he refers to the author as \"Sir Walter Scout\", in reference to his own sister's nickname. In \"Mother Night\"",
"title": "Walter Scott"
},
{
"id": "1602406",
"text": "outside immediately and pick up the pages,\" Shields wrote. When the novel was finally ready, the author opted to use the name \"Harper Lee\", rather than risk having her first name Nelle be misidentified as \"Nellie\". Published July 11, 1960, \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" was an immediate bestseller and won great critical acclaim, including the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1961. It remains a bestseller, with more than 30 million copies in print. In 1999, it was voted \"Best Novel of the Century\" in a poll by the \"Library Journal\". Like Lee, the tomboy Scout of the novel is the",
"title": "Harper Lee"
},
{
"id": "14614951",
"text": "roles as murder victims: John Callender in \"The Case of the Fan Dancer's Horse\" (1957), and Ken Bascombe in \"The Case of the Bashful Burro\" (1960). He also had eight appearances on \"Rawhide\", four on \"Bonanza\", and four on \"The Fugitive\". Sanders was married to Dorothy Allsup of Dayton, Ohio. Sanders is interred at Mountain View Cemetery and Mausoleum in Altadena, California. Hugh Sanders Hugh Sanders (March 13, 1911 - January 9, 1966) was an American actor, probably best known as Dr. Reynolds in the movie \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". Born in Illinois, Sanders graduated from Northwestern University's Medill School",
"title": "Hugh Sanders"
},
{
"id": "808816",
"text": "same purpose\" to display Southern prejudices. Emmett Till, a black teenager who was murdered for allegedly flirting with a white woman in Mississippi in 1955, and whose death is credited as a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement, is also considered a model for Tom Robinson. The strongest element of style noted by critics and reviewers is Lee's talent for narration, which in an early review in \"Time\" was called \"tactile brilliance\". Writing a decade later, another scholar noted, \"Harper Lee has a remarkable gift of story-telling. Her art is visual, and with cinematographic fluidity and subtlety we see a",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808870",
"text": "in starting the U.S. Civil War. Childress states the novel gives white Southerners a way to understand the racism that they've been brought up with and to find another way. And most white people in the South were good people. Most white people in the South were not throwing bombs and causing havoc ... I think the book really helped them come to understand what was wrong with the system in the way that any number of treatises could never do, because it was popular art, because it was told from a child's point of view. Diane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize-winning",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "808827",
"text": "book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers were generally charmed by Scout and Jem's observations of their quirky neighbors. One writer was so impressed by Lee's detailed explanations of the people of Maycomb that he categorized the book as Southern romantic regionalism. This sentimentalism can be seen in Lee's representation of the Southern caste system to explain almost every character's behavior",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "7501670",
"text": "that the girl had not been examined by a doctor to check for signs of rape after the supposed assault. In his closing argument Atticus asks the all-white male jury to cast aside their prejudices and instead focus on Tom's obvious innocence. In taking the stand in his own defense, Tom denies he attacked Mayella, but states she kissed him. He testifies he voluntarily assisted Mayella because \"I felt sorry for her because…\". Although Tom does not finish his sentence, the prosecutor (William Windom) hammers home the point that he was a black man feeling sorry for a white woman.",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "13792384",
"text": "in San Antonio. In 1974, he was named Fort Stockton's \"Outstanding Citizen\". In 1982, the year before his death, the West Texas Historical Association dedicated its \"Yearbook\" in his honor. Janet Pollard often compares her father to the Atticus Finch character, the compassionate lawyer portrayed by Gregory Peck in the novel and the film, \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". She says that her mother, Chic, reminds her of the actress Claudette Colbert: “uplifting, happy, inspirational, the kind of person you wanted to be around all the time.\" In 1983, Williams was diagnosed with terminal cancer. He reacted \"stoically. ... All is",
"title": "Clayton W. Williams Sr."
},
{
"id": "808799",
"text": "the book ahead of the Bible as one \"every adult should read before they die\". It was adapted into an Academy Award-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan, with a screenplay by Horton Foote. Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown. \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" was Lee's only published book until \"Go Set a Watchman\", an earlier draft of \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", was published on July 14, 2015. Lee continued to respond to her work's impact until her death in February 2016, although she had refused any personal publicity",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "20493083",
"text": "Teagan Croft Teagan Croft (born 22 April 2004) is an Australian actress. Croft's career began when she played the part of Scout Finch in a theatrical adaptation of \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" when she was nine years old. She garnered enough attention to land the lead role in the 2016 film \"\". That same year, Croft had a recurring role as Bella Loneragan in \"Home and Away\". In August 2017, she was cast as the DC Comics character Raven in the DC Universe series \"Titans\", which premiered on October 12, 2018. Croft has two sisters. She also writes her own",
"title": "Teagan Croft"
},
{
"id": "20493084",
"text": "songs and is an avid book reader. She moved to Chicago, Illinois, in 2016. She is the niece of actresses Penny McNamee and Jessica McNamee. Teagan Croft Teagan Croft (born 22 April 2004) is an Australian actress. Croft's career began when she played the part of Scout Finch in a theatrical adaptation of \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" when she was nine years old. She garnered enough attention to land the lead role in the 2016 film \"\". That same year, Croft had a recurring role as Bella Loneragan in \"Home and Away\". In August 2017, she was cast as the",
"title": "Teagan Croft"
},
{
"id": "18067664",
"text": "Monroe County in south Alabama. His brothers are David Miller Nettles (1930-1981), George Clay Nettles (born 1932), and Joe Lee Nettles (born 1933). Monroeville, the setting of the 1960 Harper Lee novel \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", is located halfway between Mobile on the Gulf Coast and the capital city of Montgomery. Nettles graduated in 1958 from the University of Alabama and in 1960 from the University of Alabama School of Law, both institutions located in Tuscaloosa. Thereafter, he was admitted to the bar and worked briefly in Montgomery for the office of the state attorney general, MacDonald Gallion, before he",
"title": "Bert Nettles"
},
{
"id": "5330296",
"text": "Mary Badham Mary Badham (born October 7, 1952) is an American actress who portrayed Jean Louise \"Scout\" Finch in \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" (1962), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. At the time, Badham (aged 10) was the youngest actress ever nominated in this category. Mary Badham had no film acting experience before being cast in \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". The Oscar in her category went to another child actress, Patty Duke for \"The Miracle Worker\". During filming, Badham became particularly close to actor Gregory Peck, who played Scout's father, Atticus Finch; she",
"title": "Mary Badham"
},
{
"id": "12448847",
"text": "Great Depression. Additionally, Harper Lee's \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" is set during the Great Depression. Margaret Atwood's Booker prize-winning \"The Blind Assassin\" is likewise set in the Great Depression, centering on a privileged socialite's love affair with a Marxist revolutionary. The era spurred the resurgence of social realism, practiced by many who started their writing careers on relief programs, especially the Federal Writers' Project in the U.S. A number of works for younger audiences are also set during the Great Depression, among them the Kit Kittredge series of \"American Girl\" books written by Valerie Tripp and illustrated by Walter Rane,",
"title": "Great Depression"
},
{
"id": "7501680",
"text": "nice to think so. Walt Disney requested the film be privately screened in his house. At the film's conclusion, Disney sadly stated, \"That was one hell of a picture. That's the kind of film I wish I could make.\" Gregory Peck's performance became synonymous with the role and character of Atticus Finch. Producer Alan J. Pakula remembered hearing from Peck when he was first approached with the role: \"He called back immediately. No maybes. […] I must say the man and the character he played were not unalike\". Peck later said in an interview that he was drawn to the",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird (film)"
},
{
"id": "15214420",
"text": "The New York Times reported that Neri's middle grade novel (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 3/1/2016) is a detective story starring Harper Lee and Truman Capote as children growing up in the Deep South during the Depression. Based on a true story, its basically Huck Finn meets the Hardy Boys with elements that make up the true story behind To Kill a Mockingbird. Gary D. Schmidt, the Newbery Honor author of Lizzie Bright and the Buckminster Boy and The Wednesday Wars said, \"Tru & Nelle is a wonderfully imaginative re-creation of the childhoods of two great American writers, but even more, it",
"title": "Greg Neri"
},
{
"id": "808868",
"text": "novel resonated well with white students, but that black students found it \"demoralizing\". Another criticism, articulated by Michael Lind, is that the novel indulges in classist stereotyping and demonization of poor rural \"white trash\". The novel is cited as a factor in the success of the civil rights movement in the 1960s, however, in that it \"arrived at the right moment to help the South and the nation grapple with the racial tensions (of) the accelerating civil rights movement\". Its publication is so closely associated with the Civil Rights Movement that many studies of the book and biographies of Harper",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "20877041",
"text": "Daddicus Finch \"Daddicus Finch\" is the 648th episode of \"The Simpsons\" and the ninth episode of season 30. It aired on December 2, 2018. It was also dedicated to the memory of Ricky Jay, who guest-starred as himself in the episode \"The Great Simpsina\". When Lisa's part is cut from the school play Homer takes her clothes shopping to cheer her up. He expresses disgust at the sexualised branding on show, leading Lisa to view him as Atticus Finch from the book \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", her required reading. Homer responds to Lisa's appreciation and the two spend time together",
"title": "Daddicus Finch"
},
{
"id": "808822",
"text": "used the term \"Gothic\" to describe the architecture of Maycomb's courthouse and in regard to Dill's exaggeratedly morbid performances as Boo Radley. Outsiders are also an important element of Southern Gothic texts and Scout and Jem's questions about the hierarchy in the town cause scholars to compare the novel to \"Catcher in the Rye\" and \"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn\". Despite challenging the town's systems, Scout reveres Atticus as an authority above all others, because he believes that following one's conscience is the highest priority, even when the result is social ostracism. However, scholars debate about the Southern Gothic classification, noting",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird"
},
{
"id": "6325360",
"text": "Diane McWhorter Rebecca Diane McWhorter is an American journalist, commentator and author who has written extensively about race and the history of civil rights. She won the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction and the J. Anthony Lukas Book Prize in 2002 for \"\" (Simon & Schuster, 2001; reprinted with a new afterword, 2013). McWhorter is from Birmingham, Alabama, where she attended the Brooke Hill School. Among McWhorter's elementary school classmates was Mary Badham, who portrayed \"Scout\" Finch in the 1962 film \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". When the film was released, McWhorter was among the students who went to a viewing",
"title": "Diane McWhorter"
},
{
"id": "1602431",
"text": "who was inspired by Capote's memories of Lee as a child, was played by Aubrey Dollar. Harper Lee Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926February 19, 2016) was an American novelist widely known for \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Though Lee had only published this single book, in 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature. Additionally, Lee received numerous honorary degrees, though she declined to speak on those occasions. She was also known for assisting",
"title": "Harper Lee"
},
{
"id": "9473015",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird in popular culture Since the publication of\" To Kill a Mockingbird\" in 1960, there have been many references and allusions to it in popular culture. The book has been internationally popular for more than a half century, selling more 30 million copies in 40 languages. It currently (2013) sells 750,000 copies a year and is widely read in schools in America and abroad. Harper Lee and her publisher did not expect \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" to be such a huge success. Since it was first published in 1960, it has sold close to one million copies",
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird in popular culture"
}
] | who is the protagonist in to kill a mocking bird |
|
| [
{
"id": "28511",
"text": "the lanthanides, the actinides form a family of elements with similar properties. Within the actinides, there are two overlapping groups: transuranium elements, which follow uranium in the periodic table—and transplutonium elements, which follow plutonium. Compared to the lanthanides, which (except for promethium) are found in nature in appreciable quantities, most actinides are rare. The majority of them do not even occur in nature, and of those that do, only thorium and uranium do so in more than trace quantities. The most abundant or easily synthesized actinides are uranium and thorium, followed by plutonium, americium, actinium, protactinium, neptunium, and curium. The",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "28510",
"text": "of the periodic table, the lanthanides and the actinides are customarily shown as two additional rows below the main body of the table, with placeholders or else a selected single element of each series (either lanthanum or lutetium, and either actinium or lawrencium, respectively) shown in a single cell of the main table, between barium and hafnium, and radium and rutherfordium, respectively. This convention is entirely a matter of aesthetics and formatting practicality; a rarely used wide-formatted periodic table inserts the lanthanide and actinide series in their proper places, as parts of the table's sixth and seventh rows (periods). Like",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "28521",
"text": "quantities in nature and are commonly synthesized via nuclear reactions conducted with nuclear reactors. For example, under irradiation with reactor neutrons, uranium-238 partially converts to plutonium-239: Actinide The actinide or actinoid (IUPAC nomenclature) series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. Strictly speaking, both actinium and lawrencium have been labeled as group 3 elements, but both elements are often included in any general discussion of the chemistry of the actinide elements. Actinium is the more often omitted of the two, because its placement as a group 3 element is somewhat more",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "28506",
"text": "Actinide The actinide or actinoid (IUPAC nomenclature) series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. Strictly speaking, both actinium and lawrencium have been labeled as group 3 elements, but both elements are often included in any general discussion of the chemistry of the actinide elements. Actinium is the more often omitted of the two, because its placement as a group 3 element is somewhat more common in texts and for semantic reasons: since \"actinide\" means \"like actinium\", it has been argued that actinium cannot logically be an actinide, even though IUPAC",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "10314",
"text": "Actinium Actinium is a chemical element with symbol Ac and atomic number 89. It was first isolated by French chemist André-Louis Debierne in 1899. Friedrich Oskar Giesel later independently isolated it in 1902 and, unaware that it was already known, gave it the name emanium. Actinium gave the name to the actinide series, a group of 15 similar elements between actinium and lawrencium in the periodic table. It is also sometimes considered the first of the 7th-period transition metals, although lawrencium is less commonly given that position. Together with polonium, radium, and radon, actinium was one of the first non-primordial",
"title": "Actinium"
},
{
"id": "28508",
"text": "more variable valence. They all have very large atomic and ionic radii and exhibit an unusually large range of physical properties. While actinium and the late actinides (from americium onwards) behave similarly to the lanthanides, the elements thorium, protactinium, and uranium are much more similar to transition metals in their chemistry, with neptunium and plutonium occupying an intermediate position. All actinides are radioactive and release energy upon radioactive decay; naturally occurring uranium and thorium, and synthetically produced plutonium are the most abundant actinides on Earth. These are used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Uranium and thorium also have diverse",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "1533315",
"text": "between barium and hafnium, and radium and rutherfordium, respectively. This convention is entirely a matter of aesthetics and formatting practicality; a rarely used wide-formatted periodic table inserts the lanthanide and actinide series in their proper places, as parts of the table's sixth and seventh rows (periods). Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57. It is the first element in the lanthanide series. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series,",
"title": "Period 6 element"
},
{
"id": "242814",
"text": "\"hard to get at,\" element 66, dysprosium was similarly named; lanthanum itself is named after a word for \"hidden.\" The elements 57 (La) to 71 (Lu) are very similar chemically to one another and frequently occur together in nature, often anywhere from three to all 15 of the lanthanides (along with yttrium as a 16th) occur in minerals such as samarskite, monazite and many others which can also contain the other two group 3 elements as well as thorium and occasionally other actinides as well. A majority of the rare earths were discovered at the same mine in Ytterby, Sweden",
"title": "Lanthanide"
},
{
"id": "28509",
"text": "current or historical uses, and americium is used in the ionization chambers of most modern smoke detectors. Of the actinides, primordial thorium and uranium occur naturally in substantial quantities. The radioactive decay of uranium produces transient amounts of actinium and protactinium, and atoms of neptunium and plutonium are occasionally produced from transmutation reactions in uranium ores. The other actinides are purely synthetic elements. Nuclear weapons tests have released at least six actinides heavier than plutonium into the environment; analysis of debris from a 1952 hydrogen bomb explosion showed the presence of americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium and fermium. In presentations",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "28507",
"text": "acknowledges its inclusion based on common usage. The actinide series derives its name from the first element in the series, actinium. The informal chemical symbol An is used in general discussions of actinide chemistry to refer to any actinide. All but one of the actinides are f-block elements, with the exception being either actinium or lawrencium. The series mostly corresponds to the filling of the 5f electron shell, although actinium and thorium lack any f-electrons, and curium and lawrencium have the same number as the preceding element. In comparison with the lanthanides, also mostly f-block elements, the actinides show much",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "10315",
"text": "radioactive elements to be isolated. A soft, silvery-white radioactive metal, actinium reacts rapidly with oxygen and moisture in air forming a white coating of actinium oxide that prevents further oxidation. As with most lanthanides and many actinides, actinium assumes oxidation state +3 in nearly all its chemical compounds. Actinium is found only in traces in uranium and thorium ores as the isotope Ac, which decays with a half-life of 21.772 years, predominantly emitting beta and sometimes alpha particles, and Ac, which is beta active with a half-life of 6.15 hours. One tonne of natural uranium in ore contains about 0.2",
"title": "Actinium"
},
{
"id": "242811",
"text": "somewhat more common in texts and for semantic reasons: since \"lanthanide\" means \"like lanthanum\", it has been argued that lanthanum cannot logically be a lanthanide, but IUPAC acknowledges its inclusion based on common usage. In presentations of the periodic table, the lanthanides and the actinides are customarily shown as two additional rows below the main body of the table, with placeholders or else a selected single element of each series (either lanthanum and actinium, or lutetium and lawrencium) shown in a single cell of the main table, between barium and hafnium, and radium and rutherfordium, respectively. This convention is entirely",
"title": "Lanthanide"
},
{
"id": "10321",
"text": "and other lanthanides, and therefore these elements are difficult to separate when extracting from uranium ores. Solvent extraction and ion chromatography are commonly used for the separation. The first element of the actinides, actinium gave the group its name, much as lanthanum had done for the lanthanides. The group of elements is more diverse than the lanthanides and therefore it was not until 1928 that Charles Janet proposed the most significant change to Dmitri Mendeleev's periodic table since the recognition of the lanthanides, by introducing the actinides, a move suggested again in 1945 by Glenn T. Seaborg. Actinium reacts rapidly",
"title": "Actinium"
},
{
"id": "1621264",
"text": "of most modern smoke detectors. In presentations of the periodic table, the lanthanides and the actinides are customarily shown as two additional rows below the main body of the table, with placeholders or else a selected single element of each series (either lanthanum or lutetium, and either actinium or lawrencium, respectively) shown in a single cell of the main table, between barium and hafnium, and radium and rutherfordium, respectively. This convention is entirely a matter of aesthetics and formatting practicality; a rarely used wide-formatted periodic table (32 columns) shows the lanthanide and actinide series in their proper columns, as parts",
"title": "Period 7 element"
},
{
"id": "18133778",
"text": "Actinide chemistry Actinide chemistry (or actinoid chemistry) is one of the main branches of nuclear chemistry that investigates the processes and molecular systems of the actinides. The actinides derive their name from the group 3 element actinium. The informal chemical symbol An is used in general discussions of actinide chemistry to refer to any actinide. All but one of the actinides are f-block elements, corresponding to the filling of the 5f electron shell; lawrencium, a d-block element, is also generally considered an actinide. In comparison with the lanthanides, also mostly f-block elements, the actinides show much more variable valence. The",
"title": "Actinide chemistry"
},
{
"id": "10340",
"text": "toxicity is comparable to, but slightly lower than that of americium and plutonium. For trace quantities, fume hoods with good aeration suffice; for gram amounts, hot cells with shielding from the intense gamma radiation emitted by Ac are necessary. Actinium Actinium is a chemical element with symbol Ac and atomic number 89. It was first isolated by French chemist André-Louis Debierne in 1899. Friedrich Oskar Giesel later independently isolated it in 1902 and, unaware that it was already known, gave it the name emanium. Actinium gave the name to the actinide series, a group of 15 similar elements between actinium",
"title": "Actinium"
},
{
"id": "233798",
"text": "Lanthanum Lanthanum is a chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table, of which lanthanum is the first and the prototype. It is also sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals, which would put it in group 3, although lutetium is sometimes placed in this position instead. Lanthanum is traditionally",
"title": "Lanthanum"
},
{
"id": "28519",
"text": "Protactinium was possibly isolated in 1900 by William Crookes. It was first identified in 1913, when Kasimir Fajans and Oswald Helmuth Göhring encountered the short-lived isotope Pa (half-life 1.17 minutes) during their studies of the U decay. They named the new element \"brevium\" (from Latin \"brevis\" meaning brief); the name was changed to \"protoactinium\" (from Greek πρῶτος + ἀκτίς meaning \"first beam element\") in 1918 when two groups of scientists, led by the Austrian Lise Meitner and Otto Hahn of Germany and Frederick Soddy and John Cranston of Great Britain, independently discovered the much longer-lived Pa. The name was shortened",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "28518",
"text": "and 2000, arguing that Debierne's publications in 1904 contradicted his earlier work of 1899–1900. This view instead credits the 1902 work of Friedrich Oskar Giesel, who discovered a radioactive element named \"emanium\" that behaved similarly to lanthanum. The name actinium comes from the Greek \"aktis, aktinos\" (ακτίς, ακτίνος), meaning beam or ray. This metal was discovered not by its own radiation but by the radiation of the daughter products. Owing to the close similarity of actinium and lanthanum and low abundance, pure actinium could only be produced in 1950. The term actinide was probably introduced by Victor Goldschmidt in 1937.",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "233801",
"text": "6th period and in the 3rd group. Lanthanum is the first element and prototype of the lanthanide series. In the periodic table, it appears to the right of the alkaline earth metal barium and to the left of the lanthanide cerium. Lanthanum is often considered to be a group 3 element, along with its lighter congeners scandium and yttrium and its heavier congener, the radioactive actinium, although this classification is sometimes disputed. Similarly to scandium, yttrium, and actinium, the 57 electrons of a lanthanum atom are arranged in the configuration [Xe]5d6s, with three valence electrons outside the noble gas core.",
"title": "Lanthanum"
},
{
"id": "5541730",
"text": "Transactinide element In chemistry, transactinide elements (also, transactinides, or super-heavy elements) are the chemical elements with atomic numbers from 104 to 120. Their atomic numbers are immediately greater than those of the actinides, the heaviest of which is lawrencium (atomic number 103). Glenn T. Seaborg first proposed the actinide concept, which led to the acceptance of the actinide series. He also proposed the transactinide series ranging from element 104 to 121 and the superactinide series approximately spanning elements 122 to 153. The transactinide seaborgium was named in his honor. By definition, transactinide elements are also transuranic elements, i.e. have an",
"title": "Transactinide element"
},
{
"id": "1621256",
"text": "As a rule, period 7 elements fill their 7s shells first, then their 5f, 6d, and 7p shells, in that order; however, there are exceptions, such as plutonium. All elements of period 7 are radioactive. This period contains the actinides, which contains the heaviest naturally occurring element, plutonium; subsequent elements must be synthesized artificially. Whilst the first five of these are now available in macroscopic quantities, most are extremely rare, having only been prepared in microgram amounts or less. The later, transactinide elements have only been identified in laboratories in batches of a few atoms at a time. Although the",
"title": "Period 7 element"
},
{
"id": "1288677",
"text": "Rare-earth element A rare-earth element (REE) or rare-earth metal (REM), as defined by IUPAC, is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium. Scandium and yttrium are considered rare-earth elements because they tend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and exhibit similar chemical properties. For the same set of mineralogical, chemical, physical (especially electron shell configuration), and related reasons, a broader definition of rare earth elements including the actinides is encountered in some cases. Thorium is a significant component of monazite and",
"title": "Rare-earth element"
},
{
"id": "5541741",
"text": "mix characteristics of the elements of group 10, 12, and 18. Transactinide element In chemistry, transactinide elements (also, transactinides, or super-heavy elements) are the chemical elements with atomic numbers from 104 to 120. Their atomic numbers are immediately greater than those of the actinides, the heaviest of which is lawrencium (atomic number 103). Glenn T. Seaborg first proposed the actinide concept, which led to the acceptance of the actinide series. He also proposed the transactinide series ranging from element 104 to 121 and the superactinide series approximately spanning elements 122 to 153. The transactinide seaborgium was named in his honor.",
"title": "Transactinide element"
},
{
"id": "28520",
"text": "to \"protactinium\" in 1949. This element was little characterized until 1960, when A. G. Maddock and his co-workers in the U.K. isolated 130 grams of protactinium from 60 tonnes of waste left after extraction of uranium from its ore. Neptunium (named for the planet Neptune, the next planet out from Uranus, after which uranium was named) was discovered by Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson in 1940 in Berkeley, California. They produced the Np isotope (half-life = 2.4 days) by bombarding uranium with slow neutrons. It was the first transuranium element produced synthetically. Transuranium elements do not occur in sizeable",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "1621262",
"text": "corresponding to the filling of the 5f electron shell; actinium, a d-block element, is also generally considered an actinide. In comparison with the lanthanides, also mostly f-block elements, the actinides show much more variable valence. Of the actinides, thorium and uranium occur naturally in substantial, primordial, quantities. The radioactive decay of uranium produces transient amounts of actinium, protactinium and plutonium, and atoms of neptunium are occasionally produced from transmutation reactions in uranium ores. The other actinides are purely synthetic elements, although the first six actinides after plutonium would have been produced during the Oklo phenomenon (and long since decayed away),",
"title": "Period 7 element"
},
{
"id": "1621261",
"text": "that are decay products of radium-226. In nature, radium is found in uranium ores in trace amounts as small as a seventh of a gram per ton of uraninite. Radium is not necessary for living organisms, and adverse health effects are likely when it is incorporated into biochemical processes because of its radioactivity and chemical reactivity. The actinide or actinoid (IUPAC nomenclature) series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. The actinide series derives its name from the group 3 element actinium. All but one of the actinides are f-block elements,",
"title": "Period 7 element"
},
{
"id": "10322",
"text": "with oxygen and moisture in air forming a white coating of actinium oxide that impedes further oxidation. As with most lanthanides and actinides, actinium exists in the oxidation state +3, and the Ac ions are colorless in solutions. The oxidation state +3 originates from the [Rn]6d7s electronic configuration of actinium, with three valence electrons that are easily donated to give the stable closed-shell structure of the noble gas radon. The rare oxidation state +2 is only known for actinium dihydride (AcH); even this may in reality be an electride compound like its lighter congener LaH and thus have actinium(III). Only",
"title": "Actinium"
},
{
"id": "1615277",
"text": "electrons and X-rays) and the recoil nucleus, assuming that the original nucleus was at rest. The letter 'a' represents a year (from the Latin \"annus\"). In the tables below (except neptunium), the historic names of the naturally occurring nuclides are also given. These names were used at the time when the decay chains were first discovered and investigated. From these historical names one can locate the particular chain to which the nuclide belongs, and replace it with its modern name. The three naturally-occurring actinide alpha decay chains given below—thorium, uranium/radium (from U-238), and actinium (from U-235)—each ends with its own",
"title": "Decay chain"
},
{
"id": "18133783",
"text": "blood stream. If they are inhaled then it is possible for the solid to dissolve and leave the lungs. Hence the dose to the lungs will be lower for the soluble form. Radon and radium are not actinides—they are both radioactive daughters from the decay of uranium. Aspects of their biology and environmental behaviour is discussed at radium in the environment. In India, a large amount of thorium ore can be found in the form of monazite in placer deposits of the Western and Eastern coastal dune sands, particularly in the Tamil Nadu coastal areas. The residents of this area",
"title": "Actinide chemistry"
},
{
"id": "242812",
"text": "a matter of aesthetics and formatting practicality; a rarely used wide-formatted periodic table inserts the lanthanide and actinide series in their proper places, as parts of the table's sixth and seventh rows (periods). Together with the two elements at the top of group 3, scandium and yttrium, the trivial name \"rare earths\" is sometimes used to describe all the lanthanides; a definition of rare earths including the group 3, lanthanide, and actinide elements is also occasionally seen, and rarely Sc + Y + lanthanides + thorium. The \"earth\" in the name \"rare earths\" arises from the minerals from which they",
"title": "Lanthanide"
},
{
"id": "1533314",
"text": "similar to lanthanum. Strictly speaking, both lanthanum and lutetium have been labeled as group 3 elements, because they both have a single valence electron in the d shell. However, both elements are often included in any general discussion of the chemistry of the lanthanide elements. In presentations of the periodic table, the lanthanides and the actinides are customarily shown as two additional rows below the main body of the table, with placeholders or else a selected single element of each series (either lanthanum or lutetium, and either actinium or lawrencium, respectively) shown in a single cell of the main table,",
"title": "Period 6 element"
},
{
"id": "1621263",
"text": "and curium almost certainly previously existed in nature as an extinct radionuclide. Nuclear weapons tests have released at least six actinides heavier than plutonium into the environment; analysis of debris from a 1952 hydrogen bomb explosion showed the presence of americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium and fermium. All actinides are radioactive and release energy upon radioactive decay; naturally occurring uranium and thorium, and synthetically produced plutonium are the most abundant actinides on Earth. These are used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Uranium and thorium also have diverse current or historical uses, and americium is used in the ionization chambers",
"title": "Period 7 element"
},
{
"id": "7791111",
"text": "very stable) to plutonium (where the +4 state can form in the human body) the americium has very different biochemistry to plutonium. The most common isotope americium-241 decays (half-life of 431 years) to neptunium-237 which has a much longer half-life, so in the long term, the issues discussed above for neptunium apply. Americium released into the environment tends to remain in soil and water at relatively shallow depths and may be taken up by animals and plants during growth; shellfish such as shrimp take up americium-241 in their shells, and parts of grain plants can become contaminated with exposure. B.E.",
"title": "Actinides in the environment"
},
{
"id": "250224",
"text": "the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 1955 with symbol \"Mv\", which was changed to \"Md\" in the next IUPAC General Assembly (Paris, 1957). In the periodic table, mendelevium is located to the right of the actinide fermium, to the left of the actinide nobelium, and below the lanthanide thulium. Mendelevium metal has not yet been prepared in bulk quantities, and bulk preparation is currently impossible. Nevertheless, a number of predictions and some preliminary experimental results have been done regarding its properties. The lanthanides and actinides, in the metallic state, can exist as either divalent (such as",
"title": "Mendelevium"
},
{
"id": "6047733",
"text": "La ion is surrounded by a 6 coordinate group of O ions. Several elements were discovered as a consequence of lengthy analysis and decomposition of the ore Gadolinite. As the ore was progressively analysed, the residue was first given the label ceria and then lanthana and then subsequently yttria, erbia, and terbia. In order of date discovered, the list of elements includes Cerium 58, Lanthanum 57, Erbium 68, Terbium 65, Yttrium 39, Ytterbium 70, Holmium 67, Thulium 69, Scandium 21, Praseodymium 59, Neodymium 60 and Dysprosium 66. Several of these new elements were either discovered or isolated by Carl Gustaf",
"title": "Lanthanum oxide"
},
{
"id": "28517",
"text": "(1827). Jöns Jacob Berzelius characterized this material in more detail by in 1828. By reduction of thorium tetrachloride with potassium, he isolated the metal and named it thorium after the Norse god of thunder and lightning Thor. The same isolation method was later used by Péligot for uranium. Actinium was discovered in 1899 by André-Louis Debierne, an assistant of Marie Curie, in the pitchblende waste left after removal of radium and polonium. He described the substance (in 1899) as similar to titanium and (in 1900) as similar to thorium. The discovery of actinium by Debierne was however questioned in 1971",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "10316",
"text": "milligrams of actinium-227, and one tonne of thorium contains about 5 nanograms of actinium-228. The close similarity of physical and chemical properties of actinium and lanthanum makes separation of actinium from the ore impractical. Instead, the element is prepared, in milligram amounts, by the neutron irradiation of in a nuclear reactor. Owing to its scarcity, high price and radioactivity, actinium has no significant industrial use. Its current applications include a neutron source and an agent for radiation therapy targeting cancer cells in the body and killing them. André-Louis Debierne, a French chemist, announced the discovery of a new element in",
"title": "Actinium"
},
{
"id": "7791103",
"text": "and soils, where it is about three times more abundant than uranium, and is about as common as lead. Soil commonly contains an average of around 6 parts per million (ppm) of thorium. Thorium occurs in several minerals, the most common being the rare earth-thorium-phosphate mineral, monazite, which contains up to about 12% thorium oxide. There are substantial deposits in several countries. Th decays very slowly (its half-life is about three times the age of the earth). Other isotopes of thorium occur in the thorium and uranium decay chains. Most of these are short-lived and hence much more radioactive than",
"title": "Actinides in the environment"
},
{
"id": "261925",
"text": "2 elements. The position of the actinides is more questionable, but the most common and stable of them, thorium (Th) and uranium (U), are similar to main-group elements as thorium is an electropositive element with only one main oxidation state (+4), and uranium has two main ones separated by two oxidation units (+4 and +6). In older nomenclature the main-group elements are groups IA and IIA, and groups IIIB to 0 (CAS groups IIIA to VIIIA). Group 12 is labelled as group IIB in both systems. Group 3 is labelled as group IIIA in the older nomenclature (CAS group IIIB).",
"title": "Main-group element"
},
{
"id": "45703",
"text": "Berkelium Berkelium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory) where it was discovered in December 1949. Berkelium was the fifth transuranium element discovered after neptunium, plutonium, curium and americium. The major isotope of berkelium, Bk, is synthesized in minute quantities in dedicated high-flux nuclear reactors, mainly at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, USA, and at the Research",
"title": "Berkelium"
},
{
"id": "242809",
"text": "Lanthanide The lanthanide () or lanthanoid () series of chemical elements comprises the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium. These elements, along with the chemically similar elements scandium and yttrium, are often collectively known as the rare earth elements. The informal chemical symbol Ln is used in general discussions of lanthanide chemistry to refer to any lanthanide. All but one of the lanthanides are f-block elements, corresponding to the filling of the 4f electron shell; depending on the source, either lanthanum or lutetium is considered a d-block element, but is included due",
"title": "Lanthanide"
},
{
"id": "2073057",
"text": "the general similarity of the rare earths means that it may be substituted by some of the other early lanthanides with no ill effects. The high radioactivity of lawrencium would make it highly toxic to living cells, causing radiation poisoning. The same is true for actinium. The Scandium sub-group comprises Scandium (sc),yttrium (Y) Lanthanum (La) and Actinium (Ac). In addition, the element of the cerium and thorium families are also included in the sub-group. the main characteristics of scandium and its analogous are summarised below: Atomic No. ( Sc)21 ( Y)39 ( La )57 Atomic wt. (44.95) (88A^9) (138;9) Valency",
"title": "Group 3 element"
},
{
"id": "28512",
"text": "existence of transuranium elements was suggested by Enrico Fermi based on his experiments in 1934. However, even though four actinides were known by that time, it was not yet understood that they formed a family similar to lanthanides. The prevailing view that dominated early research into transuranics was that they were regular elements in the 7th period, with thorium, protactinium and uranium corresponding to 6th-period hafnium, tantalum and tungsten, respectively. Synthesis of transuranics gradually undermined this point of view. By 1944 an observation that curium failed to exhibit oxidation states above 4 (whereas its supposed 6th period homolog, platinum, can",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "10327",
"text": "of hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide on actinium oxide at 1000 °C. Naturally occurring actinium is composed of two radioactive isotopes; (from the radioactive family of ) and (a granddaughter of ). decays mainly as a beta emitter with a very small energy, but in 1.38% of cases it emits an alpha particle, so it can readily be identified through alpha spectrometry. Thirty-six radioisotopes have been identified, the most stable being with a half-life of 21.772 years, with a half-life of 10.0 days and with a half-life of 29.37 hours. All remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than",
"title": "Actinium"
},
{
"id": "10328",
"text": "10 hours and the majority of them have half-lives shorter than one minute. The shortest-lived known isotope of actinium is (half-life of 69 nanoseconds) which decays through alpha decay and electron capture. Actinium also has two known meta states. The most significant isotopes for chemistry are Ac, Ac, and Ac. Purified comes into equilibrium with its decay products after about a half of year. It decays according to its 21.772-year half-life emitting mostly beta (98.62%) and some alpha particles (1.38%); the successive decay products are part of the actinium series. Owing to the low available amounts, low energy of its",
"title": "Actinium"
},
{
"id": "326400",
"text": "below, while the f-block only has 14 columns. One lanthanide and actinide each are d-block elements, belonging to group 3 with scandium and yttrium, though whether these are the first of each series (lanthanum and actinium) or the last (lutetium and lawrencium) has been disputed. The tables below show lanthanum and actinium as group 3 elements, as this is the more common form in the literature. Although precursors to this table exist, its invention is generally credited to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. Mendeleev invented the table to illustrate recurring (\"periodic\") trends in the properties of the elements. The",
"title": "Periodic table (detailed cells)"
},
{
"id": "1615281",
"text": "are present, at least transiently, in any natural uranium-containing sample, whether metal, compound, or mineral. The series terminates with lead-206. The total energy released from uranium-238 to lead-206, including the energy lost to neutrinos, is 51.7 MeV. The 4n+3 chain of uranium-235 is commonly called the \"actinium series\" or \"plutonium cascade\". Beginning with the naturally-occurring isotope U-235, this decay series includes the following elements: actinium, astatine, bismuth, francium, lead, polonium, protactinium, radium, radon, thallium, and thorium. All are present, at least transiently, in any sample containing uranium-235, whether metal, compound, ore, or mineral. This series terminates with the stable isotope",
"title": "Decay chain"
},
{
"id": "6405454",
"text": "Minor actinide The minor actinides are the actinide elements in used nuclear fuel other than uranium and plutonium, which are termed the major actinides. The minor actinides include neptunium (element 93), americium (element 95), curium (element 96), berkelium (element 97), californium (element 98), einsteinium (element 99), and fermium (element 100). The most important isotopes in spent nuclear fuel are neptunium-237, americium-241, americium-243, curium-242 through -248, and californium-249 through -252. Plutonium and the minor actinides will be responsible for the bulk of the radiotoxicity and heat generation of used nuclear fuel in the medium term (300 to 20,000 years in the",
"title": "Minor actinide"
},
{
"id": "233853",
"text": "lawrencium and the symbol \"Lr\" during a meeting in Geneva. Lawrencium is the final member of the actinide series and is sometimes considered to be a group 3 element, along with scandium, yttrium, and lutetium, as its filled f-shell is expected to make it resemble the 7th-period transition metals. In the periodic table, it is located to the right of the actinide nobelium, to the left of the 6d transition metal rutherfordium, and under the lanthanide lutetium with which it shares many physical and chemical properties. Lawrencium is expected to be a solid under normal conditions and assume a hexagonal",
"title": "Lawrencium"
},
{
"id": "18133784",
"text": "are exposed to a naturally occurring radiation dose ten times higher than the worldwide average. Thorium has been linked to liver cancer. In the past thoria (thorium dioxide) was used as a contrast agent for medical X-ray radiography but its use has been discontinued. It was sold under the name Thorotrast. Uranium is about as abundant as arsenic or molybdenum. Significant concentrations of uranium occur in some substances such as phosphate rock deposits, and minerals such as lignite, and monazite sands in uranium-rich ores (it is recovered commercially from these sources). Seawater contains about 3.3 parts per billion of uranium",
"title": "Actinide chemistry"
},
{
"id": "1621265",
"text": "of the table's sixth and seventh rows (periods). \"Transactinide elements\" (also, transactinides, or super-heavy elements) are the chemical elements with atomic numbers greater than those of the actinides, the heaviest of which is lawrencium (103). All transactinides of period 7 have been discovered, up to oganesson (element 118). Transactinide elements are also transuranic elements, that is, have an atomic number greater than that of uranium (92), an actinide. The further distinction of having an atomic number greater than the actinides is significant in several ways: Transactinides are radioactive and have only been obtained synthetically in laboratories. None of these elements",
"title": "Period 7 element"
},
{
"id": "2073043",
"text": "the group; chemical properties of both actinium and especially lawrencium are not well-characterized. The remaining elements of the group (scandium, yttrium, lutetium) are reactive metals with high melting points (1541 °C, 1526 °C, 1652 °C respectively). They are usually oxidized to the +3 oxidation state, even though scandium, yttrium and lanthanum can form lower oxidation states. The reactivity of the elements, especially yttrium, is not always obvious due to the formation of a stable oxide layer, which prevents further reactions. Scandium(III) oxide, yttrium(III) oxide, lanthanum(III) oxide and lutetium(III) oxide are white high-temperature-melting solids. Yttrium(III) oxide and lutetium(III) oxide exhibit weak",
"title": "Group 3 element"
},
{
"id": "6405457",
"text": "minor actinides have been found in fallout from bomb tests. See Actinides in the environment for details. Minor actinide The minor actinides are the actinide elements in used nuclear fuel other than uranium and plutonium, which are termed the major actinides. The minor actinides include neptunium (element 93), americium (element 95), curium (element 96), berkelium (element 97), californium (element 98), einsteinium (element 99), and fermium (element 100). The most important isotopes in spent nuclear fuel are neptunium-237, americium-241, americium-243, curium-242 through -248, and californium-249 through -252. Plutonium and the minor actinides will be responsible for the bulk of the radiotoxicity",
"title": "Minor actinide"
},
{
"id": "69060",
"text": "to only certain of the more broadly defined metals and nonmetals, adding additional terms for certain sets of the more broadly viewed metals and nonmetals. The version of this classification used in the periodic tables presented here includes: actinides, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, lanthanides, transition metals, post-transition metals, metalloids, reactive nonmetals, and noble gases. In this system, the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and transition metals, as well as the lanthanides and the actinides, are special groups of the metals viewed in a broader sense. Similarly, the reactive nonmetals and the noble gases are nonmetals viewed in the",
"title": "Chemical element"
},
{
"id": "18133779",
"text": "actinide series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. In contrast to the relatively early flowering of organotransition-metal chemistry (1955 to the present), the corresponding development of actinide organometallic chemistry has taken place largely within the past 15 or so years. During this period, 5f organometallic science has blossomed, and it is now apparent that the actinides have a rich, intricate, and highly informative organometallic chemistry. Intriguing parallels to and sharp differences from the d-block elements have emerged. Actinides can coordinate the organic active groups or bind to carbon by the",
"title": "Actinide chemistry"
},
{
"id": "28515",
"text": "detected, despite predictions that such isotopes would have relatively long half-lives of α-decay. This non-observation was attributed to spontaneous fission owing to the large speed of the products and to other decay channels, such as neutron emission and nuclear fission. Uranium and thorium were the first actinides discovered. Uranium was identified in 1789 by the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth in pitchblende ore. He named it after the planet Uranus, which had been discovered only eight years earlier. Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "291679",
"text": "name \"flerovium\", with the same symbol, refers to element 114. In the periodic table, nobelium is located to the right of the actinide mendelevium, to the left of the actinide lawrencium, and below the lanthanide ytterbium. Nobelium metal has not yet been prepared in bulk quantities, and bulk preparation is currently impossible. Nevertheless, a number of predictions and some preliminary experimental results have been done regarding its properties. The lanthanides and actinides, in the metallic state, can exist as either divalent (such as europium and ytterbium) or trivalent (most other lanthanides) metals. The former have fs configurations, whereas the latter",
"title": "Nobelium"
},
{
"id": "233822",
"text": "like the other lanthanides, is known to affect human metabolism, lowering cholesterol levels, blood pressure, appetite, and risk of blood coagulation. When injected into the brain, it acts as a painkiller, similarly to morphine and other opiates, though the mechanism behind this is still unknown. Lanthanum Lanthanum is a chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium",
"title": "Lanthanum"
},
{
"id": "7791101",
"text": "Actinides in the environment Actinides in the environment refer to the sources, environmental behaviour and effects of actinides in Earth's environment. Environmental radioactivity is not limited solely to actinides; non-actinides such as radon and radium are of note. Generally, ingested insoluble actinide compounds, such as high-fired uranium dioxide and mixed oxide (MOX) fuel, will pass through the digestive system with little effect since they cannot dissolve and be absorbed by the body. Inhaled actinide compounds, however, will be more damaging as they remain in the lungs and irradiate the lung tissue. Ingested low-fired oxides and soluble salts such as nitrate",
"title": "Actinides in the environment"
},
{
"id": "233799",
"text": "counted among the rare earth elements. The usual oxidation state is +3. Lanthanum has no biological role in humans but is essential to some bacteria. It is not particularly toxic to humans but does show some antimicrobial activity. Lanthanum usually occurs together with cerium and the other rare earth elements. Lanthanum was first found by the Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander in 1839 as an impurity in cerium nitrate – hence the name \"lanthanum\", from the Ancient Greek \"λανθάνειν\" (\"lanthanein\"), meaning \"to lie hidden\". Although it is classified as a rare earth element, lanthanum is the 28th most abundant element",
"title": "Lanthanum"
},
{
"id": "5541733",
"text": "RIKEN in Japan – identified and confirmed the elements from rutherfordium to oganesson according to the criteria of the IUPAC–IUPAP Transfermium Working Group and subsequent Joint Working Parties. These discoveries complete the seventh row of the periodic table. The remaining two transactinides, ununennium (element 119) and unbinilium (element 120), have not yet been synthesized: they would begin an eighth period. Due to their short half-lives (for example, the most stable isotope of seaborgium has a half-life of 3.1 minutes, and half-lives decrease gradually going to the right of the group) and the low yield of the nuclear reactions that produce",
"title": "Transactinide element"
},
{
"id": "7791102",
"text": "can be absorbed into the blood stream. If they are inhaled then it is possible for the solid to dissolve and leave the lungs. Hence, the dose to the lungs will be lower for the soluble form. In India, a large amount of thorium ore can be found in the form of monazite in placer deposits of the Western and Eastern coastal dune sands, particularly in the Tamil Nadu coastal areas. The residents of this area are exposed to a naturally occurring radiation dose ten times higher than the worldwide average. Thorium is found at low levels in most rocks",
"title": "Actinides in the environment"
},
{
"id": "233823",
"text": "Lutetium Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry air, but not in moist air. Lutetium is the last element in the lanthanide series, and it is traditionally counted among the rare earths. Lutetium is sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals, although lanthanum is more often considered as such. Lutetium was independently discovered in 1907 by French scientist Georges Urbain, Austrian mineralogist Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach, and American chemist Charles James. All of these researchers found lutetium as an impurity",
"title": "Lutetium"
},
{
"id": "242810",
"text": "to its chemical similarities with the other 14. All lanthanide elements form trivalent cations, Ln, whose chemistry is largely determined by the ionic radius, which decreases steadily from lanthanum to lutetium. They are called lanthanides because the elements in the series are chemically similar to lanthanum. Both lanthanum and lutetium have been labeled as group 3 elements, because they have a single valence electron in the 5d shell. However, both elements are often included in discussions of the chemistry of lanthanide elements. Lanthanum is the more often omitted of the two, because its placement as a group 3 element is",
"title": "Lanthanide"
},
{
"id": "250212",
"text": "Mendelevium Mendelevium is a synthetic element with chemical symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, it is the first element that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities through neutron bombardment of lighter elements. It is the third-to-last actinide and the ninth transuranic element. It can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. A total of sixteen mendelevium isotopes are known, the most stable being Md with a half-life of 51 days; nevertheless, the shorter-lived Md (half-life 1.17 hours) is most commonly used in",
"title": "Mendelevium"
},
{
"id": "45716",
"text": "December 1949 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, Stanley G. Thompson, and Kenneth Street, Jr.. They used the 60-inch cyclotron at the University of California, Berkeley. Similar to the nearly simultaneous discovery of americium (element 95) and curium (element 96) in 1944, the new elements berkelium and californium (element 98) were both produced in 1949–1950. The name choice for element 97 followed the previous tradition of the Californian group to draw an analogy between the newly discovered actinide and the lanthanide element positioned above it in the periodic table. Previously, americium was named after a continent as its analogue europium,",
"title": "Berkelium"
},
{
"id": "5541735",
"text": "behave as expected for their position in the periodic table. They are expected to have ionic radii between those of their 5d transition metal homologs and their actinide pseudohomologs: for example, Rf is calculated to have ionic radius 76 pm, between the values for Hf (71 pm) and Th (94 pm). Their ions should also be less polarizable than those of their 5d homologs. Relativistic effects are expected to reach a maximum at the end of this series, at roentgenium (element 111) and copernicium (element 112). Nevertheless, many important properties of the transactinides are still not yet known experimentally, though",
"title": "Transactinide element"
},
{
"id": "18133785",
"text": "by weight as uranium(VI) forms soluble carbonate complexes. The extraction of uranium from seawater has been considered as a means of obtaining the element. Because of the very low specific activity of uranium the chemical effects of it upon living things can often outweigh the effects of its radioactivity. Plutonium, like other actinides, readily forms a plutonium dioxide (\"plutonyl\") core (PuO). In the environment, this plutonyl core readily complexes with carbonate as well as other oxygen moieties (OH, , , and ) to form charged complexes which can be readily mobile with low affinities to soil. Some early evidence for",
"title": "Actinide chemistry"
},
{
"id": "10341",
"text": "Americium Americium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol Am and atomic number 95. It is radioactive and a transuranic member of the actinide series, in the periodic table located under the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. Americium was first produced in 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg from Berkeley, California, at the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago, a part of the Manhattan Project. Although it is the third element in the transuranic series, it was discovered fourth, after the heavier curium. The discovery was kept secret and only",
"title": "Americium"
},
{
"id": "7791112",
"text": "Burakov, M.I Ojovan, W.E. Lee. Crystalline Materials for Actinide Immobilisation, Imperial College Press, London, 198 pp. (2010). https://web.archive.org/web/20120309093650/http://www.icpress.co.uk/engineering/p652.html Actinides in the environment Actinides in the environment refer to the sources, environmental behaviour and effects of actinides in Earth's environment. Environmental radioactivity is not limited solely to actinides; non-actinides such as radon and radium are of note. Generally, ingested insoluble actinide compounds, such as high-fired uranium dioxide and mixed oxide (MOX) fuel, will pass through the digestive system with little effect since they cannot dissolve and be absorbed by the body. Inhaled actinide compounds, however, will be more damaging as they",
"title": "Actinides in the environment"
},
{
"id": "3039878",
"text": "actinide series is the second row of the f-block (5f series). In both the actinide and lanthanide series, an inner electron shell is being filled. The actinide series comprises the elements from actinium to lawrencium. Seaborg's subsequent elaborations of the actinide concept theorized a series of superheavy elements in a transactinide series comprising elements from 104 to 121 and a superactinide series of elements from 122 to 153. History of the periodic table The periodic table is an arrangement of the chemical elements and are organized on the basis of their atomic numbers, electron configurations and recurring chemical properties. Elements",
"title": "History of the periodic table"
},
{
"id": "1621266",
"text": "has ever been collected in a macroscopic sample. Transactinide elements are all named after nuclear physicists and chemists or important locations involved in the synthesis of the elements. Chemistry Nobel Prize winner Glenn T. Seaborg who first proposed the actinide concept which led to the acceptance of the actinide series also proposed the existence of a transactinide series ranging from element 104 to 121 and a superactinide series approximately spanning elements 122 to 153. The transactinide seaborgium is named in his honor. IUPAC defines an element to exist if its lifetime is longer than 10 seconds, the time needed for",
"title": "Period 7 element"
},
{
"id": "10329",
"text": "beta particles (maximum 44.8 keV) and low intensity of alpha radiation, is difficult to detect directly by its emission and it is therefore traced via its decay products. The isotopes of actinium range in atomic weight from 206 u () to 236 u (). Actinium is found only in traces in uranium ores – one tonne of uranium in ore contains about 0.2 milligrams of Ac – and in thorium ores, which contain about 5 nanograms of Ac per one tonne of thorium. The actinium isotope Ac is a transient member of the uranium-actinium series decay chain, which begins with",
"title": "Actinium"
},
{
"id": "7791104",
"text": "Th, though on a mass basis they are negligible. Thorium has been linked to liver cancer. In the past thoria (thorium dioxide) was used as a contrast agent for medical X-ray radiography but its use has been discontinued. It was sold under the name Thorotrast. Uranium is a natural metal which is widely found. It is present in almost all soils and it is more plentiful than antimony, beryllium, cadmium, gold, mercury, silver, or tungsten, and is about as abundant as arsenic or molybdenum. Significant concentrations of uranium occur in some substances such as phosphate rock deposits, and minerals such",
"title": "Actinides in the environment"
},
{
"id": "311803",
"text": "in its closed electron shell, helium has only two electrons in the outermost electron orbital, while the rest of the noble gases have eight. Although scandium and yttrium are always the first two elements in group 3, the identity of the next two elements is not completely settled. They are commonly lanthanum and actinium, and less often lutetium and lawrencium. The two variants originate from historical difficulties in placing the lanthanides in the periodic table, and arguments as to where the \"f\" block elements start and end. It has been claimed that such arguments are proof that, \"it is a",
"title": "Periodic table"
},
{
"id": "433620",
"text": "Uranium Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-grey metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all isotopes of uranium are unstable, with half-lives varying between 159,200 years and 4.5 billion years. The most common isotopes in natural uranium are uranium-238 (which has 146 neutrons and accounts for over 99%) and uranium-235 (which has 143 neutrons). Uranium has the highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements. Its density is",
"title": "Uranium"
},
{
"id": "117118",
"text": "0.035% to the testicles or 0.01% to the ovaries – where einsteinium stays indefinitely. About 10% of the ingested amount is excreted. The distribution of einsteinium over the bone surfaces is uniform and is similar to that of plutonium. Einsteinium Einsteinium is a synthetic element with symbol Es and atomic number 99. A member of the actinide series, it is the seventh transuranic element. Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952, and named after Albert Einstein. Its most common isotope einsteinium-253 (half-life 20.47 days) is produced artificially from decay of",
"title": "Einsteinium"
},
{
"id": "233805",
"text": "spalls off like iron rust, instead of forming a protective oxide coating like aluminium and lanthanum's lighter congeners scandium and yttrium. Lanthanum reacts with the halogens at room temperature to form the trihalides, and upon warming will form binary compounds with the nonmetals nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, selenium, silicon and arsenic. Lanthanum reacts slowly with water to form lanthanum(III) hydroxide, La(OH). In dilute sulfuric acid, lanthanum readily forms the aquated tripositive ion : this is colorless in aqueous solution since La has no f electrons. Lanthanum is the strongest and hardest base among the lanthanides and group 3 elements,",
"title": "Lanthanum"
},
{
"id": "28516",
"text": "sodium hydroxide. He then reduced the obtained yellow powder with charcoal, and extracted a black substance that he mistook for metal. Only 60 years later, the French scientist Eugène-Melchior Péligot identified it as uranium oxide. He also isolated the first sample of uranium metal by heating uranium tetrachloride with metallic potassium. The atomic mass of uranium was then calculated as 120, but Dmitri Mendeleev in 1872 corrected it to 240 using his periodicity laws. This value was confirmed experimentally in 1882 by K. Zimmerman. Thorium oxide was discovered by Friedrich Wöhler in the mineral Thorianite, which was found in Norway",
"title": "Actinide"
},
{
"id": "311804",
"text": "mistake to break the [periodic] system into sharply delimited blocks\". A third variant shows the two positions below yttrium as being occupied by the lanthanides and the actinides. Chemical and physical arguments have been made in support of lutetium and lawrencium but the majority of authors seem unconvinced. Most working chemists are not aware there is any controversy. In December 2015 an IUPAC project was established to make a recommendation on the matter. Lanthanum and actinium are commonly depicted as the remaining group 3 members. It has been suggested that this layout originated in the 1940s, with the appearance of",
"title": "Periodic table"
},
{
"id": "18133781",
"text": "condensed state and the prospects of obtaining novel materials on their basis are discussed. Based on the electronic structure and properties of lanthanides and their compounds, namely, optical and magnetic characteristics, electronic and ionic conductivity, and fluctuating valence, molecular engines are classified. High-speed storage engines or memory storage engines; photoconversion molecular engines based on Ln(II) and Ln(III); electrochemical molecular engines involving silicate and phosphate glasses; molecular engines whose operation is based on insulator – semiconductor, semiconductor – metal, and metal – superconductor types of conductivity phase transitions; solid electrolyte molecular engines; and miniaturized molecular engines for medical analysis are distinguished.",
"title": "Actinide chemistry"
},
{
"id": "95314",
"text": "metals, alkaline earth metals, and lanthanoid metals form acetylides, e.g., sodium carbide NaC, calcium carbide CaC, and LaC. Lanthanides also form carbides (sesquicarbides, see below) with formula MC. Metals from group 11 also tend to form acetylides, such as copper(I) acetylide and silver acetylide. Carbides of the actinide elements, which have stoichiometry MC and MC, are also described as salt-like derivatives of . The C-C triple bond length ranges from 119.2 pm in CaC (similar to ethyne), to 130.3 pm in LaC and 134 pm in UC. The bonding in LaC has been described in terms of La with the",
"title": "Carbide"
},
{
"id": "406084",
"text": "complex crystal structures and weakened metallic bonding. (The f-electron count for thorium is a non-integer due to a 5f–6d overlap.) Among the actinides up to californium, which can be studied in at least milligram quantities, thorium has the highest melting and boiling points and second-lowest density; only actinium is lighter. Thorium's boiling point of 4788 °C is the fifth-highest among all the elements with known boiling points. The properties of thorium vary widely depending on the degree of impurities in the sample. The major impurity is usually thorium dioxide (ThO); even the purest thorium specimens usually contain about a tenth",
"title": "Thorium"
},
{
"id": "1533316",
"text": "a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table, of which lanthanum is the first and the prototype. It is also sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals and is traditionally counted among the rare earth elements. The usual oxidation state is +3. Lanthanum has no biological role in humans but is essential to some bacteria. It is not particularly toxic to humans but does show some antimicrobial activity. Lanthanum usually occurs together with cerium and the other rare earth elements. Lanthanum was first found by the Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander",
"title": "Period 6 element"
},
{
"id": "9152250",
"text": "Plutonium Plutonium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation states. It reacts with carbon, halogens, nitrogen, silicon and hydrogen. When exposed to moist air, it forms oxides and hydrides that can expand the sample up to 70% in volume, which in turn flake off as a powder that is pyrophoric. It is radioactive and can accumulate in bones, which makes the handling of plutonium dangerous.",
"title": "Plutonium"
},
{
"id": "5541739",
"text": "element 121: for example, the radius of the 5g orbitals should drop drastically, from 25 Bohr units in element 120 in the excited [Og]5g8s configuration to 0.8 Bohr units in element 121 in the excited [Og]5g7d8s configuration, in a phenomenon called \"radial collapse\" that occurs at element 125. Element 122 should add a further 7d electron to element 121's electron configuration. Elements 121 and 122 should be homologs of actinium and thorium, respectively. Beyond element 121, the superactinide series is expected to begin, when the 8s electrons and the filling 8p, 7d, 6f, and 5g subshells determine the chemistry of",
"title": "Transactinide element"
},
{
"id": "20868400",
"text": "Clarice Phelps Clarice Evone Phelps (née Salone) is an American chemist and researcher at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. She was part of the team involved with the discovery of element 117, Tennessine. She studies actinide and lanthanide separations for medical isotopes. Phelps earned a Bachelors degree in chemistry from Tennessee State University in 2003. She graduated from the University of Tennessee with a PhD in chemistry in 2014. She is an alumni of the Tennessee Aquatic Project. Phelps completed a Masters degree at the University of Texas at Austin Nuclear and Radiation Engineering Program. In 2004 Phelps joined the United",
"title": "Clarice Phelps"
},
{
"id": "313337",
"text": "Protactinium Protactinium (formerly protoactinium) is a chemical element with symbol Pa and atomic number 91. It is a dense, silvery-gray actinide metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. It forms various chemical compounds in which protactinium is usually present in the oxidation state +5, but it can also assume +4 and even +3 or +2 states. Concentrations of protactinium in the Earth's crust are typically a few parts per trillion, but may reach up to a few parts per million in some uraninite ore deposits. Because of its scarcity, high radioactivity and high toxicity, there are",
"title": "Protactinium"
},
{
"id": "19789052",
"text": "1975, Evans arrived at the University of Chicago where he decided to begin research into actinides and lanthanides1. He moved to the University of California, Irvine in 1983 where he has remained ever since1.Evans has won many accolades which include the ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry in 2005 and the prestigious Tolman award in 2014 for his research in the field of coordination chemistry of the late elements. Evans has a particular interest in meeting the global energy demand. His research focuses on the role that actinides and lanthanides can play in these processes3. Evans and his research group believe",
"title": "William J. Evans (chemist)"
},
{
"id": "19422432",
"text": "Unbiunium Unbiunium, also known as eka-actinium or simply element 121, is the hypothetical chemical element with symbol Ubu and atomic number 121. \"Unbiunium\" and \"Ubu\" are the temporary systematic IUPAC name and symbol respectively, until a permanent name is decided upon. In the periodic table of the elements, it is expected to be the first of the superactinides, and the third element in the eighth period: analogously to lanthanum and actinium, it could be considered the fifth member of group 3 and the first member of the fifth-row transition metals. It has attracted attention because of some predictions that it",
"title": "Unbiunium"
},
{
"id": "117075",
"text": "Einsteinium Einsteinium is a synthetic element with symbol Es and atomic number 99. A member of the actinide series, it is the seventh transuranic element. Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952, and named after Albert Einstein. Its most common isotope einsteinium-253 (half-life 20.47 days) is produced artificially from decay of californium-253 in a few dedicated high-power nuclear reactors with a total yield on the order of one milligram per year. The reactor synthesis is followed by a complex process of separating einsteinium-253 from other actinides and products of their",
"title": "Einsteinium"
},
{
"id": "10323",
"text": "a limited number of actinium compounds are known including AcF, AcCl, AcBr, AcOF, AcOCl, AcOBr, AcS, AcO and AcPO, due to actinium's intense radioactivity. Except for AcPO, they are all similar to the corresponding lanthanum compounds. They all contain actinium in the oxidation state +3. In particular, the lattice constants of the analogous lanthanum and actinium compounds differ by only a few percent. Here \"a\", \"b\" and \"c\" are lattice constants, No is space group number and \"Z\" is the number of formula units per unit cell. Density was not measured directly but calculated from the lattice parameters. Actinium oxide",
"title": "Actinium"
},
{
"id": "242816",
"text": "a phosphate of numerous group 3 + lanthanide + actinide metals and mined especially for the thorium content and specific rare earths especially lanthanum, yttrium and cerium. Cerium and lanthanum as well as other members of the rare earth series are often produced as a metal called mischmetal containing a variable mixture of the these elements with cerium and lanthanum predominating; it has direct uses such as lighter flints and other spark sources which do not require extensive purification of one of these metals. There are also rare earth-bearing minerals based on group 2 elements such as yttrocalcite, yttrocerite, yttrofluorite",
"title": "Lanthanide"
},
{
"id": "69540",
"text": "Curium Curium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This element of the actinide series was named after Marie and Pierre Curie – both were known for their research on radioactivity. Curium was first intentionally produced and identified in July 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California, Berkeley. The discovery was kept secret and only released to the public in November 1947. Most curium is produced by bombarding uranium or plutonium with neutrons in nuclear reactors – one tonne of spent nuclear fuel contains about 20 grams of",
"title": "Curium"
},
{
"id": "10344",
"text": "synthesized, isolated and identified in late autumn 1944, at the University of California, Berkeley, by Glenn T. Seaborg, Leon O. Morgan, Ralph A. James, and Albert Ghiorso. They used a 60-inch cyclotron at the University of California, Berkeley. The element was chemically identified at the Metallurgical Laboratory (now Argonne National Laboratory) of the University of Chicago. Following the lighter neptunium, plutonium, and heavier curium, americium was the fourth transuranium element to be discovered. At the time, the periodic table had been restructured by Seaborg to its present layout, containing the actinide row below the lanthanide one. This led to americium",
"title": "Americium"
},
{
"id": "242815",
"text": "and four of them are named (yttrium, ytterbium, erbium, terbium) after the city and a fifth *(holmium) after Stockholm; scandium is named after Scandinavia, thulium after the old name Thule, and the immediately-following group 4 element (number 72) hafnium is named for the Latin name of the city of Copenhagen. Samarskite (a mineral which is the source of the name of the element samarium) and other similar minerals in particular also have these elements in association with the nearby metals tantalum, niobium, hafnium, zirconium, vanadium, and titanium, from group 4 and group 5 often in similar oxidation states. Monazite is",
"title": "Lanthanide"
},
{
"id": "6047731",
"text": "Lanthanum oxide Lanthanum oxide, chemical formula LaO, is an inorganic compound containing the rare earth element lanthanum and oxygen. It is used in some ferroelectric materials, as a component of optical materials, and is a feedstock for certain catalysts, among other uses. Lanthanum oxide is an odorless, white solid that is insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute acid. Depending on the pH of the compound, different crystal structures can be obtained. LaO is hygroscopic; under atmosphere, it absorbs moisture over time and converts to lanthanum hydroxide. Lanthanum oxide has p-type semiconducting properties and a band gap of approximately 5.8",
"title": "Lanthanum oxide"
},
{
"id": "3039877",
"text": "and promethium respectively. During his Manhattan Project research in 1943, Glenn T. Seaborg experienced unexpected difficulties in isolating the elements americium and curium. Seaborg wondered if these elements belonged to a different series, which would explain why their chemical properties were different from what was expected. In 1945, against the advice of colleagues, he proposed a significant change to Mendeleev's table: the actinide series. Seaborg's actinide concept of heavy element electronic structure, predicting that the actinides form a transition series analogous to the rare earth series of lanthanide elements, is now well accepted and included in the periodic table. The",
"title": "History of the periodic table"
},
{
"id": "291570",
"text": "Neptunium Neptunium is a chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93. A radioactive actinide metal, neptunium is the first transuranic element. Its position in the periodic table just after uranium, named after the planet Uranus, led to it being named after Neptune, the next planet beyond Uranus. A neptunium atom has 93 protons and 93 electrons, of which seven are valence electrons. Neptunium metal is silvery and tarnishes when exposed to air. The element occurs in three allotropic forms and it normally exhibits five oxidation states, ranging from +3 to +7. It is radioactive, poisonous, pyrophoric, and can",
"title": "Neptunium"
}
] | where are the actinide and lanthanide elements found |
[
"the evening of December 24"
] | [
{
"id": "2918794",
"text": "Christmastide Christmastide (also Christmas Time or the Christmas season) is a season of the liturgical year in most Christian churches. In some Christian denominations, Christmastide is identical to Twelvetide, a similar concept. For most Christian denominations, such as the United Methodist Church and the Roman Catholic Church, Christmastide begins on Christmas Eve at sunset or First Vespers, which is liturgically the beginning of Christmas Day. Most of Christmas Eve, understood as 24 December, is thus not part of Christmastide, but of Advent, the season in the Church Year that precedes Christmastide; in many liturgical calendars, Christmastide is followed by the",
"title": "Christmastide"
},
{
"id": "77595",
"text": "Christmas Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it is preceded by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide, which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night; in some traditions, Christmastide includes an octave. Christmas Day is a public holiday in many of the world's nations, is celebrated religiously by a majority of Christians, as well as culturally",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "77700",
"text": "respect, even if they disagree with it. <categorytree depth=0>Public holidays by country</categorytree> Christmas Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it is preceded by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide, which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night; in some traditions, Christmastide includes an octave. Christmas Day is a public holiday in many of the world's nations,",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "658936",
"text": "purple; blue in some traditions, such as Methodist, Episcopalian, and Lutheran. The Christmas season immediately follows Advent. The traditional Twelve Days of Christmas begin with Christmas Eve on the evening of December 24 and continue until the feast of Epiphany. The actual Christmas season continues until the Feast of the Baptism of Christ, which in the present form of the Roman Rite is celebrated on the Sunday after January 6, or the following Monday if that Sunday is Epiphany. In the pre-1970 form, this feast is celebrated on January 13, unless January 13 is a Sunday, in which case the",
"title": "Liturgical year"
},
{
"id": "18872951",
"text": "Proclamation of the Birth of Christ The Proclamation of the Birth of Christ, Kalenda Proclamation, or Christmas Proclamation, is a chant sung before the Midnight Mass for Christmas in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. The long text is a timeline, in which each verse represents the years from an historical event, either secular or religious, until birth of Jesus Christ, and the number of years – expressed in centuries or years – decreases until the day of the first Christmas. Originating from the Roman Martyrology, traditionally read during the hour of Prime, the proclamation places the birth of",
"title": "Proclamation of the Birth of Christ"
},
{
"id": "77604",
"text": "feast regained prominence after 800, when Charlemagne was crowned emperor on Christmas Day. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "77597",
"text": "placed Christmas on December 25, a date that was later adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "16129088",
"text": "Christmas in Romania Christmas in Romania () is a major annual celebration, celebrated on 24/25 of December, as in most countries of the Christian world. The observance of Christmas was introduced once with the Christianization of Romania but it was then interrupted during the Communist period (1948—1989), as concepts as religion, Jesus Christ or the Church were banned. In the post-communist Romania, Christmas started being celebrated again more festively. The Christmas and holiday season starts officially on November 30, on Saint Andrew's day and ends on January 7, with the celebration of Saint John. Other major holidays in this period",
"title": "Christmas in Romania"
},
{
"id": "2373300",
"text": "Twelve Days of Christmas The Twelve Days of Christmas, also known as Twelvetide, is a festive Christian season celebrating the Nativity of Jesus. In most Western ecclesiastical traditions, \"Christmas Day\" is considered the \"First Day of Christmas\" and the Twelve Days are 25 December – 5 January, inclusive. For many Christian denominations; for example, the Anglican Communion and Lutheran Church, the Twelve Days are identical to Christmastide, but for others, e.g., the Roman Catholic Church, \"Christmastide\" lasts longer than the Twelve Days of Christmas. Because the Armenian Apostolic Church and Armenian Catholic Church celebrate the Birth and Baptism of Christ",
"title": "Twelve Days of Christmas"
},
{
"id": "1378832",
"text": "Christmas Eve Christmas Eve is the evening or entire day before Christmas Day, the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus. Christmas Day is observed around the world, and Christmas Eve is widely observed as a full or partial holiday in anticipation of Christmas Day. Together, both days are considered one of the most culturally significant celebrations in Christendom and Western society. Christmas celebrations in the denominations of Western Christianity have long begun on the night of the 24th, due in part to the Christian liturgical day starting at sunset, a practice inherited from Jewish tradition and based on the story",
"title": "Christmas Eve"
},
{
"id": "8645857",
"text": "4th century, the calendars of both churches included both feasts. The earliest suggestions of a fast of Baptism of Jesus on January 6 during the 2nd century comes from Clement of Alexandria, but there is no further mention of such a feast until 361 when Emperor Julian attended a feast on January 6 in the year 361. In the Christian tradition the Christmas season is a period \"beginning\" on Christmas Day (December 25). In some churches (e.g. the Lutheran Churches and the Anglican Communion) the season continues through Twelfth Night, the day before the Epiphany, which is celebrated either on",
"title": "Christmas and holiday season"
},
{
"id": "4325147",
"text": "world's longest Christmas season, with Christmas carols heard as early as September 1 when the \"Ber Months\" season kicks off traditionally. The season is officially ushered in by the nine-day dawn Masses that start on December 16. Known as the \"Misas de Aguinaldo\" (Gift Masses) or \"Misa de Gallo\" (Rooster's Mass) in the traditional Spanish, these Masses are more popularly known in Tagalog as the \"Simbang Gabi\", and are held in Catholic parishes and chapels nationwide. Usually, aside from the already legal holidays which are Rizal Day (December 30) and New Year's Eve (December 31), other days in close proximity",
"title": "Christmas traditions"
},
{
"id": "77689",
"text": "Constantinople, Antioch, Alexandria, Albania, Cyprus, Finland, and the Orthodox Church in America, among others, began using the Revised Julian calendar in the early 20th century, which at present corresponds exactly to the Gregorian calendar. Therefore, these Orthodox Christians mark December 25 (and thus Christmas) on the same day that is internationally considered to be December 25, and which is also the date of Christmas among Western Christians. A further complication is added by the fact that the Armenian Apostolic Church continues the original ancient Eastern Christian practice of celebrating the birth of Christ not as a separate holiday, but on",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "866287",
"text": "the Orthodox Church, and in the Anglican, Lutheran, Moravian, Presbyterian, and Methodist calendars, Advent commences on the fourth Sunday before Christmasthe Sunday nearest to St. Andrew's Day (). It can fall on any date between 27 November and 3 December. When Christmas Day is a Monday, Advent Sunday will fall on its latest possible date. In the Ambrosian Rite and the Mozarabic Rite of the Catholic Church, Advent begins on the sixth Sunday before Christmas, the Sunday after St. Martin's Day (). Practices associated with Advent include keeping an Advent calendar, lighting an Advent wreath, praying an Advent daily devotional,",
"title": "Advent"
},
{
"id": "4325127",
"text": "of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents. Along with Easter, Christmas is one of the most important periods on the Christian calendar, and is often closely connected to other holidays at this time of year, such as Advent, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, St Nicholas Day, St. Stephen's Day, New Year's, and the Feast of the Epiphany. Christmas Day is a public holiday in Eritrea that is celebrated on January 7 or on 27 Tahsas of the Ethiopian calendar. Christmas is called \"Ledet\" (ልደት) in Eritrea or \"Gena\" (ገና) in Ethiopia. Many people who are",
"title": "Christmas traditions"
},
{
"id": "2918796",
"text": "Western Christian phrase \"Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!\" and the Eastern Christian greeting \"Christ is born!\", to which others respond, \"Glorify Him!\" Christmastide begins very early on 25 December. Historically, the ending of Christmastide was 5 January. This traditional date is still followed by the Anglican Church and Lutheran Church, where Christmastide, commonly called the Twelve Days of Christmas, lasts 12 days, from 25 December to 5 January, the latter date being named as Twelfth Night. However, the ending is defined differently by some Christian denominations. In 1969, the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church expanded Christmastide by",
"title": "Christmastide"
},
{
"id": "2918801",
"text": "Leaving the decorations up beyond Candlemas is considered to be inauspicious. On Christmas Eve or Christmas Day, the start of Christmastide, it is customary for most households in Christendom to attend a service of worship or Mass, in which they receive Holy Communion. During the season of Christmastide, in many Christian households, a gift is given for each of the Twelve Days of Christmastide, while in other Christian households, gifts are only given on Christmas Day or Twelfth Night, the first and last days of the festive season, respectively. The practice of giving gifts during Christmastide, according to Christian tradition,",
"title": "Christmastide"
},
{
"id": "77616",
"text": "Christmas, in addition to being the traditional date of the equinox. It is unrelated to the Quartodecimal, which had been forgotten by this time. Early Christians celebrated the life of Jesus on a date considered equivalent to 14 Nisan (Passover) on the local calendar. Because Passover was held on the 14th of the month, this feast is referred to as the Quartodecimal. All the major events of Christ's life, especially the passion, were celebrated on this date. In his letter to the Corinthians, Paul mentions Passover, presumably celebrated according to the local calendar in Corinth. Tertullian (d. 220), who lived",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "77691",
"text": "on the day that is considered January 19 on the Gregorian calendar in use by the majority of the world. In summary, there are four different dates used by different Christian groups to mark the birth of Christ, given in the table below. Christmas is typically a peak selling season for retailers in many nations around the world. Sales increase dramatically as people purchase gifts, decorations, and supplies to celebrate. In the U.S., the \"Christmas shopping season\" starts as early as October. In Canada, merchants begin advertising campaigns just before Halloween (October 31), and step up their marketing following Remembrance",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "5581198",
"text": "start of Advent. In the UK, Christmas lights on the high street are generally switched on in November. In the U.S., the traditional start of Christmas time is Thanksgiving. Major retailers put their seasonal decorations out for sale after back to school sales, while smaller niche Christmas Stores sell Christmas decorations year round. In some places Christmas decorations are traditionally taken down on Twelfth Night, the evening of January 5 or January 6. The difference in this date is due to the fact that some count Christmas Day as the first day of Christmas, whereas for others Christmas Day is",
"title": "Christmas decoration"
},
{
"id": "8645858",
"text": "January 6 or on the Sunday between January 2 and 8. In other churches (e.g. the Roman Catholic Church) it continues until the feast of the Baptism of the Lord, which falls on the Sunday following the Epiphany, or on the Monday following the Epiphany if the Epiphany is moved to January 7 or 8. If the Epiphany is kept on January 6, the Church of England's use of the term \"Christmas season\" corresponds to the Twelve Days of Christmas, and ends on Twelfth Night. This short Christmas season is preceded by Advent, which begins on the fourth Sunday before",
"title": "Christmas and holiday season"
},
{
"id": "1378842",
"text": "sky, in commemoration of the Star of Bethlehem. The liturgical celebration begins earlier in the day with the celebration of the Royal Hours, followed by the Divine Liturgy combined with the celebration of Vespers, during which a large number of passages from the Old Testament are chanted, recounting the history of salvation. After the dismissal at the end of the service, a new candle is brought out into the center of the church and lit, and all gather round and sing the Troparion and Kontakion of the Feast. In the evening, the All-Night Vigil for the Feast of the Nativity",
"title": "Christmas Eve"
},
{
"id": "16129108",
"text": "sarmale, and pork dishes. Christmas in Romania Christmas in Romania () is a major annual celebration, celebrated on 24/25 of December, as in most countries of the Christian world. The observance of Christmas was introduced once with the Christianization of Romania but it was then interrupted during the Communist period (1948—1989), as concepts as religion, Jesus Christ or the Church were banned. In the post-communist Romania, Christmas started being celebrated again more festively. The Christmas and holiday season starts officially on November 30, on Saint Andrew's day and ends on January 7, with the celebration of Saint John. Other major",
"title": "Christmas in Romania"
},
{
"id": "14375634",
"text": "beginning with Christmas Day. The Serbian Orthodox Church uses the traditional Julian Calendar, as per which Christmas Day (December 25) falls currently on January 7 of the Gregorian Calendar. This day is called by Serbs the first day of Christmas, and the following two are accordingly called the second, and the third day of Christmas. During this festive time, one is to greet another person with \"Christ is Born,\" which should be responded to with \"Truly He is Born.\" This holiday surpasses all the other celebrated by Serbs, with respect to the diversity of applied folk customs and rituals. These",
"title": "Serb traditions"
},
{
"id": "77615",
"text": "25, as the birthday of Christ, and the northern solstice as that of John the Baptist, supplemented by the equinoxes as their respective dates of conception.\" The Calculation hypothesis suggests that an earlier holiday held on March 25 became associated with the Incarnation. Modern scholars refer to this feast as the Quartodecimal. Christmas was then calculated as nine months later. The Calculation hypothesis was proposed by French writer Louis Duchesne in 1889. In modern times, March 25 is celebrated as Annunciation. This holiday was created in the seventh century and was assigned to a date that is nine months before",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "1378835",
"text": "although until the Protestant introduction of Christkind in 16th-century Europe, such figures were said to instead deliver presents on the eve of Saint Nicholas' feast day (6 December). Roman Catholics and high church Anglicans traditionally celebrate Midnight Mass, which begins either at or sometime before midnight on Christmas Eve. This ceremony, which is held in churches throughout the world, celebrates the birth of Christ, which is believed to have occurred at night. Midnight Mass is popular in Poland (pasterka). In recent years some churches have scheduled their \"Midnight\" Mass as early as 7 pm. In Spanish-speaking areas, the Midnight Mass",
"title": "Christmas Eve"
},
{
"id": "3816551",
"text": "\"kereszt, kereszt-ség\" (baptism). Many in the West observe a twelve-day festival, starting on December 25, and ending on January 5, known as Christmastide or the Twelve Days of Christmas. However, for the Catholic Church today, \"Christmas Time runs from First Vespers (Evening Prayer I) of the Nativity of the Lord up to and including the Sunday after Epiphany or after January 6\", a period not limited to twelve days. Some Christian cultures, especially those of Latin America and some in Europe, extend the season to as many as forty days, ending on Candlemas (February 2). On the Feast of the",
"title": "Epiphany (holiday)"
},
{
"id": "10412955",
"text": "equinox and the phases of the moon, it is called a moveable feast (see: Computus). Dates affected by placement of Easter include Ash Wednesday and the start of Lent, the start of Easter itself, Pentecost, and Holy Trinity. Advent, the other pivotal season on the calendar, comes exactly four Sundays before the start of Christmas (if Christmas falls on a Sunday, that day does not count), or the Sunday closest to St. Andrew's Day (November 30). Like the other Western Church calendars, the first Sunday of Advent is also the first day of the liturgical year. The Sanctoral Cycle is",
"title": "Liturgical calendar (Lutheran)"
},
{
"id": "2918795",
"text": "closely related season of Epiphanytide. There are several celebrations within Christmastide, including Christmas Day (25 December), St. Stephen's Day (26 December), Childermas (28 December), the Feast of the Holy Family on New Year's Eve (31 December), the Feast of the Circumcision of Christ, the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God and New Year's Day (1 January), as well as Epiphany Eve or Twelfth Night (the evening of 5 January). Customs of the Christmas season include carol singing, gift giving, seeing Nativity plays, attending church services, and eating special food, such as Christmas cake. Traditional examples of Christmas greetings include the",
"title": "Christmastide"
},
{
"id": "5532625",
"text": "the Sunday between Christmas Day and New Year's Day (both exclusive), or if both Christmas Day and the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God are Sundays, on 30 December (always a Friday in such years). It is a holy day of obligation only if it falls on a Sunday. The feast was instituted by Pope Leo XIII in 1893 and set on the Sunday within the Octave of the Epiphany; that is to say, on the Sunday between January 7 through January 13, all inclusive (see General Roman Calendar of 1960). The 1962 Roman Missal, whose use is still authorized,",
"title": "Holy Family"
},
{
"id": "2918799",
"text": "monks to observe it. In that canon, which dealt with the fasts to be observed by monks, the council decreed: In medieval era Christendom, Christmastide \"lasted from the Nativity to the Purification.\" To this day, the \"Christian cultures in Western Europe and Latin America extend the season to forty days, ending on the Feast of the Presentation of Jesus in the Temple and the Purification of Mary on 2 February, a feast also known as Candlemas because of the blessing of candles on this day, inspired by the Song of Simeon, which proclaims Jesus as 'a light for revelation to",
"title": "Christmastide"
},
{
"id": "1378846",
"text": "Theotokos, and commemorates the role of the Virgin Mary in the Nativity of Jesus. The third day is referred to simply as \"the Third Day of the Nativity\". The Saturday and Sunday following 25 December have special Epistle and Gospel readings assigned to them. 29 December celebrates the Holy Innocents. Byzantine Christians observe a festal period of twelve days, during which no one in the Church fasts, even on Wednesdays and Fridays, which are normal fasting days throughout the rest of the year. During this time one feast leads into another: 25–31 December is the afterfeast of the Nativity; 2–5",
"title": "Christmas Eve"
},
{
"id": "8093135",
"text": "this is clearly derived from the pre-Christian events. The Christian festival was originally held annually on the week after Pentecost, and is still held at about this date by the Orthodox churches, but in western Europe, churches began to hold it at the same time as the pre-Christian festivals commemorating the dead, and it was eventually moved officially, by Pope Gregory III. Christmas on 25 December is, according to Christian tradition, a celebration of the birth of Jesus. Although there have been various folk suggestions regarding the origin of Christmas, the earliest historical source stating December 25 as the date",
"title": "Christianization of saints and feasts"
},
{
"id": "3000364",
"text": "in the Roman Catholic Church, Easter is one of only two solemnities that carries an octave, the second being Christmas Day, although until recently many feasts had octaves. The name \"Quasimodo\" came from the Latin text of the traditional Introit for this day, which begins \"\"Quasi modo geniti infantes...\"\" from 1 Peter , roughly translated as \"As newborn babes desire the rational milk without guile...\". Literally, \"quasi modo\" means \"as if in [this] manner\". On the Octave Day of Easter, called Saint Thomas Sunday in the East, the Gospel reading is always , relating the appearance of Christ to his",
"title": "Octave of Easter"
},
{
"id": "4283727",
"text": "Christmas in the Philippines Christmas in the Philippines (Filipino: \"Pasko sa Pilipinas\"), one of two predominantly Christian countries in Asia (the other one being East Timor), is one of the biggest holidays in the island. The country celebrates the world's longest Christmas season, with Christmas carols heard as early as September and lasting variously until either Epiphany, the Feast of the Black Nazarene on 9 January, or the Feast of the Santo Niño on the third Sunday of January. The official observance by the Catholic Church in the Philippines is from the beginning of the \"Simbang Gabi\" on 16 December",
"title": "Christmas in the Philippines"
},
{
"id": "2373308",
"text": "Silvestro\" in Italian, \"Silvesternacht\" in German, \"Réveillon de la Saint-Sylvestre\" in French, and \"סילבסטר\" in Hebrew). New Year's Day on 1 January is an occasion for further secular festivities or for rest from the celebrations of the night before. In the Roman Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, it is the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God, liturgically celebrated on the Octave Day of Christmas. It has also been celebrated, and still is in some denominations, as the Feast of the Circumcision of Christ, because according to Jewish tradition He would have been circumcised on the eighth day after His",
"title": "Twelve Days of Christmas"
},
{
"id": "293258",
"text": "begins on September 1, proceeding annually into the Nativity of the Theotokos (September 8) and Exaltation of the Cross (September 14) to the celebration of Nativity of Christ (Christmas), through his death and resurrection (Pascha/Easter), to his Ascension and the Dormition of the Theotokos (\"falling asleep\" of the Virgin Mary, August 15). This last feast is known in the Roman Catholic church as the Assumption. The dating of \"September 1\" is according to the \"new\" (revised) Julian calendar or the \"old\" (standard) Julian calendar, depending on which is used by a particular Orthodox Church. Hence, it may fall on 1",
"title": "New Year"
},
{
"id": "8645881",
"text": "marks the official start of the Christmas and holiday season, continuing with Saint Lucy's Day on December 13, followed up by Christmas before the \"Mellandagsrea\" (between days sell off) traditionally begins on December 27 (nowadays often December 26 or even December 25) and lasts during the rest of the Christmas holiday. It is similar to Black Friday, but lasts longer. They last 34–35 days. Black Friday itself has also gained publicity in Sweden since the early-2010s. The Swedish Christmas and holiday season continues over Epiphany, and finally ends on St. Knut's Day when the children have a Knut's party. In",
"title": "Christmas and holiday season"
},
{
"id": "658928",
"text": "both the celebration of Jesus' birth, and his expected second coming at the end of time. This season lasts until Christmas Eve on December 24. Christmastide follows, beginning with First Vespers of Christmas on the evening of December 24 and ending with the Feast of the Baptism of the Lord. Traditionally, the end of Christmastide was February 2, or the Feast of the Presentation of the Lord, also known as Candlemas. This feast recounts the 40 days of rest Mary took before being purified and presenting her first-born son to the Temple in Jerusalem. Lent is the period of purification",
"title": "Liturgical year"
},
{
"id": "4325172",
"text": "and sometimes money or gold. For the Three Wise Men gave Baby Jesus Gold for his future. Christmas is a widely celebrated festive holiday in the United States, and Christmas Day is officially recognized as a federal holiday by the US Government. The Christmas and holiday season begins around the end of November with a major shopping kickoff on Black Friday, the day after the U.S. holiday of Thanksgiving, though Christmas decorations and music playing in stores sometimes extend into the period between Halloween and Thanksgiving. Many schools and businesses are closed during the period between Christmas and the New",
"title": "Christmas traditions"
},
{
"id": "17740206",
"text": "Christmas in Russia Christmas in Russia ( \"Rozhdestvo Khristovo\", in the Russian Orthodox Church called Е́же по пло́ти Рождество Господа Бога и Спа́са нашего Иисуса Христа) is celebrated on December 25 (Julian calendar) which falls on 7 January (Gregorian calendar) and commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ. Christmas is considered as a high holiday by the Russian Orthodox Church, one of the 12 Great Feasts, and of only 4 Feasts preceded by a period of fasting. On Christmas Eve (6 January), there are several long services, including the Royal Hours and Vespers combined with the Divine Liturgy. The family will",
"title": "Christmas in Russia"
},
{
"id": "2918797",
"text": "a variable number of days: \"Christmas Time runs from... up to and including the Sunday after Epiphany or after 6 January.\" Before 1955, the 12 Christmastide days in the Roman Rite (25 December to 5 January) were followed by the 8 days of the Octave of Epiphany, 6–13 January, and its 1960 Code of Rubrics defined \"Christmastide\" as running \"from I vespers of Christmas to none of 5th January inclusive\". In 567, the Council of Tours \"proclaimed the twelve days from Christmas to Epiphany as a sacred and festive season, and established the duty of Advent fasting in preparation for",
"title": "Christmastide"
},
{
"id": "77614",
"text": "\"nascor\" can mean either) of Jesus on March 28, the day of the creation of the sun in the Genesis account. One translation reads: \"O the splendid and divine providence of the Lord, that on that day, the very day, on which the sun was made, March 28, a Wednesday, Christ should be born. In the 17th century, Isaac Newton argued that the date of Christmas was selected to correspond with the solstice. According to Steven Hijmans of the University of Alberta, \"It is cosmic symbolism ... which inspired the Church leadership in Rome to elect the southern solstice, December",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "11654121",
"text": "from the Last Supper as celebrated by the early Christians. The belief is that by partaking of the Communion bread and wine, the Body and Blood of Christ, they together become the body of Christ on earth, the Church. In the Latin Church, the annual calendar begins with Advent, a time of hope-filled preparation for both the celebration of Jesus' birth and his Second Coming at the end of time. Readings from \"Ordinary Time\" follow the Christmas Season, but are interrupted by the celebration of Easter in Spring, preceded by 40 days of Lenten preparation and followed by 50 days",
"title": "Catholic theology"
},
{
"id": "2373302",
"text": "both Christmas and Epiphany are among the Twelve Great Feasts that are only second to Easter in importance. The period between Christmas and Epiphany is fast-free. During this period one celebration leads into another. The Nativity of Christ is a three-day celebration: the formal title of the first day (i. e. Christmas Eve) is \"The Nativity According to the Flesh of our Lord, God and Saviour Jesus Christ\", and celebrates not only the Nativity of Jesus, but also the Adoration of the Shepherds of Bethlehem and the arrival of the Magi; the second day is referred to as the \"Synaxis",
"title": "Twelve Days of Christmas"
},
{
"id": "8645878",
"text": "about mid November, with presents being given on December 5 or 6. This is a separate holiday from Christmas, Bishop Saint Nick (Sinterklaas) and Santa Claus (Kerstman) being different people. Netherlands and Belgium often do not start the Christmas season until December 6 or 7, i.e. after Sinterklaas has finished. In France, the January sales are restricted by legislation to no more than four weeks in Paris, and no more than six weeks for the rest of the country, usually beginning on the first Wednesday in January, and are one of only two periods of the year when retailers are",
"title": "Christmas and holiday season"
},
{
"id": "4325298",
"text": "on Epiphany. Nowadays, although Santa Claus (\"Pai Natal\") is more popular, in some regions people still believe that it is the \"Menino Jesus\" (Baby Jesus) who brings presents to children. In Serbia and Montenegro, Christmas (Serbian: Божић, \"Božić\" or more formally Рождество Христово, Rozhdestvo Hristovo, \"Nativity of Christ\") is celebrated for three consecutive days, beginning with Christmas Day. The Serbian Orthodox Church uses the traditional Julian calendar, per which Christmas Day (December 25) falls on January 7. This day is called the first day of Christmas, and the following two are accordingly called the second, and the third day of",
"title": "Christmas traditions"
},
{
"id": "77623",
"text": "of the Christian Church, which had already been celebrating Christmas on that date first. In the judgement of the Church of England Liturgical Commission, the History of Religions hypothesis has been challenged by a view based on an old tradition, according to which the date of Christmas was fixed at nine months after March 25, the date of the vernal equinox, on which the Annunciation was celebrated. With regard to a December religious feast of the deified Sun (Sol), as distinct from a solstice feast of the birth (or rebirth) of the astronomical sun, one scholar has commented that, \"while",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "6317421",
"text": "summer holidays from mid June up to the second week of September, except for students taking final exams in Middle and Superior schools, as those exams can go on until mid July. Christmas holidays start on December 23 and end on the first or second working day after January 6;the summer holidays in Italy about 12 weeks, other holidays include one week around Easter as well as one day on December 8 (Feast of the Immaculate Conception), two days for October 31 and November 1 (All Saints), the national holidays of April 25 (Liberation day) and June 2 (Republic Day),",
"title": "School holiday"
},
{
"id": "77612",
"text": "winter solstice on the Roman calendar; it was about nine months after March 25, the date of the vernal equinox and a date linked to the conception of Jesus. December 25 was the date of the winter solstice on the Roman calendar. Jesus chose to be born on the shortest day of the year for symbolic reasons, according to an early Christmas sermon by Augustine: \"Hence it is that He was born on the day which is the shortest in our earthly reckoning and from which subsequent days begin to increase in length. He, therefore, who bent low and lifted",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "166049",
"text": "any special day of rest or relaxation, as opposed to normal days away from work or school. Winter in the Northern Hemisphere features many holidays that involve festivals and feasts. The Christmas and holiday season surrounds the Christmas and other holidays, and is celebrated by many religions and cultures. Usually, this period begins near the start of November and ends with New Year's Day. \"Holiday season\" in the US, to the period that begins with Thanksgiving and ends with New Year's Eve. Some Christian countries consider the end of the festive season to be after the feast of Epiphany. Sovereign",
"title": "Holiday"
},
{
"id": "1897121",
"text": "tradition (including the Catholic Church, the Western Rite Orthodox, the Anglican Communion, and many Protestants) begin observing the season of Advent four Sundays before Christmas, the traditional feast-day of his birth, which falls on December 25. Christians of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Oriental Orthodox Church observe a similar season, sometimes called Advent but also called the \"Nativity Fast\", which begins forty days before Christmas. Some Eastern Orthodox Christians (e.g. Greeks and Syrians) celebrate Christmas on December 25. Other Orthodox (e.g. Copts, Ethiopians, Georgians, and Russians) celebrate Christmas on (the Gregorian) January 7 (Koiak 29 on coptic calendar) as a",
"title": "Nativity of Jesus"
},
{
"id": "9257201",
"text": "colour for Advent in Scandinavia, or—if the church does not possess blue vestments—violet, after 6 p.m.). and are always read in the service, and the symbolism of the day is that Christ enters the church. Likewise, in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, Advent also \"begins with First Vespers (Evening Prayer I) of the Sunday that falls on or closest to 30 November and it ends before First Vespers (Evening Prayer I) of Christmas\". Purple vestments are the liturgical colour of the whole Advent season. However, in the Ambrosian Rite and the Mozarabic Rite, the First Sunday in Advent",
"title": "Advent Sunday"
},
{
"id": "2373309",
"text": "Birth, inclusively counting the first day and last day. This day, or some day proximate to it, is also celebrated by the Pope and Roman Catholics as World Day of Peace. In many nations, e. g., the United States, the Solemnity of Epiphany is transferred to the first Sunday after 1 January, which can occur as early as 2 January. That solemnity, then, together with customary observances associated with it, usually occur within the Twelve Days of Christmas, even if these are considered to end on 5 January rather than 6 January. Other Roman Catholic liturgical feasts on the General",
"title": "Twelve Days of Christmas"
},
{
"id": "7591818",
"text": "birth of a saint to heaven is as a rule celebrated on a fixed day of the year (although sometimes they may be moved either to or from a Sunday), but the mysteries of Christ are often celebrated on dates that always vary from year to year. The Church's year combines two cycles of liturgical celebrations. One has been called the Proper of Time or Temporale, associated with the moveable date of Easter and the fixed date of Christmas. The other is associated with fixed calendar dates and has been called the Proper of Saints or Sanctorale. The General Roman",
"title": "General Roman Calendar"
},
{
"id": "9835428",
"text": "Julotta A Julotta is a service within the Church of Sweden that celebrates the time of birth of Jesus Christ. Jul means Christmas, otta is the time which is slightly before dawn. The service is held every 25 December early on Christmas morning; at 7 AM in most churches, but in some churches it is celebrated at 10 AM, or as early as 4 AM. During previous decades, most Julottas were held at 4 AM. Traditionally, the service should end before, or at the time of, dawn: hence the word otta is the time just before dawn. Historically clergy was",
"title": "Julotta"
},
{
"id": "15293937",
"text": "three different propers were celebrated at their appropriate times of midnight, dawn and day. The practice of celebrating Midnight Mass is traditional in the Roman Catholic Church, although many churches now hold their \"midnight\" Mass at an earlier hour. Since 2009, the Pope has celebrated this Mass at 10:00 pm, and as a result the official liturgical designation of these texts has been Mass during the Night since 2009. However, when the Mass does occur at midnight, it is still commonly called \"Midnight Mass\". Churches of the Anglican Communion also traditionally celebrate Midnight Mass for Christmas at 11 or 11:30",
"title": "Midnight Mass"
},
{
"id": "4325203",
"text": "Catholic regions of Central Europe, the \"Christkind\" (literally \"Christ child\") brings the presents on the evening of December 24 (Holy Evening or Heiliger Abend). The Christkind is invisible; thus he is never seen by anyone. However, he rings a bell just before he leaves in order to let children know that the Christmas tree and the presents are ready. It is a tradition to lavishly decorate a Christmas tree in the days directly before Christmas or on the morning of Christmas Eve. On late Christmas Eve, after the bell rings, the tree is shown to the children and presents are",
"title": "Christmas traditions"
},
{
"id": "8058155",
"text": "the earliest times (1 Corinthians 16:2; Revelation 1:10; Ignatius of Antioch: Magn.9:1; Justin Martyr: I Apology 67:5), is the outstanding occasion for the liturgy; but no day, not even any hour, is excluded from celebrating the liturgy. The sole exception is for the Eucharistic liturgy on Good Friday and on Holy Saturday before the Easter Vigil, when it is not celebrated. The Liturgy of the Hours consecrates to God the whole course of day and night. Lauds and Vespers (morning and evening prayer) are the principal hours. To these are added one or three intermediate prayer periods (traditionally called Terce,",
"title": "Catholic liturgy"
},
{
"id": "77652",
"text": "Turkey, Turkmenistan, the United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, and Yemen. Christmas celebrations around the world can vary markedly in form, reflecting differing cultural and national traditions. Among countries with a strong Christian tradition, a variety of Christmas celebrations have developed that incorporate regional and local cultures. Christmas Day (inclusive of its vigil, Christmas Eve), is a Festival in the Lutheran Churches, a holy day of obligation in the Roman Catholic Church, and a Principal Feast of the Anglican Communion. Other Christian denominations do not rank their feast days but nevertheless place importance on Christmas Eve/Christmas Day, as with other Christian",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "15037233",
"text": "Gregorian Chant for the Introit of the Feast of the Assumption of Virgin Mary, in August 15. It is similar to \"Puer Natus\", the chant used for the Introit for Christmas Day. Joyous, while observing he solemnity of the feast, \"Signum Magnum\" is drawn from the opening of Revelation 12 in Sacred Scripture. Signum Magnum Signum Magnum (Latin for \"a great sign\") is an apostolic exhortation on consecration to the Blessed Virgin Mary by Pope Paul VI. It was released on May 13, 1967 in Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome, on the 50th anniversary of Our Lady of Fátima, to",
"title": "Signum Magnum"
},
{
"id": "95534",
"text": "the former Christmas custom with New Year's trees. In 1935 the tree was brought back as New Year tree and became a secular, not a religious holiday. Pope John Paul II introduced the Christmas tree custom to the Vatican in 1982. Although at first disapproved of by some as out of place at the centre of the Roman Catholic Church, the Vatican Christmas Tree has become an integral part of the Vatican Christmas celebrations, and in 2005 Pope Benedict XVI spoke of it as part of the normal Christmas decorations in Catholic homes. In 2004, Pope John Paul called the",
"title": "Christmas tree"
},
{
"id": "3012169",
"text": "church teaches that its founder is Jesus Christ. The New Testament records several events considered integral to the establishment of the Catholic Church, including Jesus' activities and teaching and his appointment of the apostles as witnesses to his ministry, suffering, and resurrection. The Great Commission, after his resurrection, instructed the apostles to continue his work. The coming of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles, in an event known as Pentecost, is seen as the beginning of the public ministry of the Catholic Church. The church teaches that all duly consecrated bishops have a lineal succession from the apostles of Christ,",
"title": "Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "4325228",
"text": "arrival of the Three Wise Men to Bethlehem and their paying of respect and bearing witness to the new born Messiah. The custom of Christmas night liturgy was introduced in the Christian churches after the second half of the 5th century. In Poland that custom arrived together with the coming of Christianity. The next day (December 25) begins with the early morning mass followed by daytime masses. According to scripture, the Christmas Day masses are interchangeable allowing for greater flexibility in choosing the religious services by individual parishioners. The following day is often spent visiting friends. The giftbearer varies. In",
"title": "Christmas traditions"
},
{
"id": "3012140",
"text": "Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with approximately 1.3 billion baptised Catholics worldwide . As the world's \"oldest continuously functioning international institution\", it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilisation. The church is headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope. Its central administration, the Holy See, is in the Vatican City, an enclave within Rome, Italy. Catholic theology is based on the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic church founded by",
"title": "Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "2669503",
"text": "the wise men (or Magi) brought gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh to the baby Jesus. Tradition names them Caspar, Melchior and Balthazar. The custom of blessing homes on Epiphany developed because the feast commemorates the time that the three kings visited the home of Jesus, Mary and Joseph. The Twelve Days of Christmas begin on Christmas Day (December 25) and end on January 5, eve of the traditional date of the Epiphany. In other parts of the world, it is sometimes referred to as \"Old Christmas\" or \"Old Christmas Day\", so called for the same reasons as in Ireland.",
"title": "Little Christmas"
},
{
"id": "5532613",
"text": "Sunday within the Octave of Christmas The Sunday within the Octave of Christmas is a liturgical celebration in the Tridentine rite of the Roman Catholic Church which, in missals before 1962, takes place on either December 29, December 30, or December 31. If one of these three days is a Sunday, the celebration occurs on that day. If a Sunday should occur between December 25 and December 28 inclusive, the Mass of the Sunday within the Octave of Christmas is celebrated on December 30, which falls within the Christmas season. In the 1962 missal, the celebration is always on the",
"title": "Sunday within the Octave of Christmas"
},
{
"id": "1378857",
"text": "the eve of his nameday. On 24 December they go to church or watch the late-night mass on TV, or have a meal. Christmas Eve is celebrated in different ways around the world, varying by country and region. Elements common to many areas of the world include the attendance of special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers, and the giving and receiving of presents. Along with Easter, Christmastime is one of the most important periods on the Christian calendar, and is often closely connected to other holidays at this time of year, such as Advent, the Feast",
"title": "Christmas Eve"
},
{
"id": "20502146",
"text": "Christmas in France Christmas in France is a major annual celebration, as in most countries of the Christian world. Christmas is celebrated as a public holiday in France being celebrated on December 25, same as the United States and other countries. Public life on Christmas Day is generally very quiet. Post offices, banks, stores, restaurants, cafes and other businesses are closed. Many people in France put up a Christmas tree, visit a special church service, eat an elaborate meal and open Christmas presents on Christmas Eve (Réveillon de Noël). Many people spend Christmas Day quietly and some attend a special",
"title": "Christmas in France"
},
{
"id": "17740212",
"text": "as state and obligatory\". After having considered the complaint, the court rejected it on the grounds that decisions about public holidays are within the competence of the Russian Parliament and are not a constitutional matter. Christmas in Russia Christmas in Russia ( \"Rozhdestvo Khristovo\", in the Russian Orthodox Church called Е́же по пло́ти Рождество Господа Бога и Спа́са нашего Иисуса Христа) is celebrated on December 25 (Julian calendar) which falls on 7 January (Gregorian calendar) and commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ. Christmas is considered as a high holiday by the Russian Orthodox Church, one of the 12 Great Feasts,",
"title": "Christmas in Russia"
},
{
"id": "4325152",
"text": "the Three Kings was traditionally commemorated on January 6 but is now celebrated on the first Sunday after the New Year. Some children leave their shoes out, in the belief that the Three Kings will leave gifts like candy or money inside. But the celebrations do not end there, since 2011, as mandated by the Catholic Church, they are on the second Sunday of January in honor of the Lord Jesus's baptism in the Jordan (the Solemnity of the Lord's Baptism or in Spanish \"Solemnidad de Bautismo del Señor\"). The final salvo of these celebrations is marked by the feast",
"title": "Christmas traditions"
},
{
"id": "4325151",
"text": "children to jump at the stroke of midnight in the belief that they will grow up tall, displaying circular fruit and wearing clothes with dots and other circular designs to symbolize money, eating twelve grapes at 12 midnight for good luck in the twelve months of the year, and opening windows and doors during the first day of the New Year to let in good luck. Christmas officially ends on the Feast of the Three Kings (\"Tres Reyes\" in Spanish or \"Tatlong Hari\" in Tagalog), also known as the Feast of the Epiphany (Spanish: \"Fiesta de Epifanía\"). The Feast of",
"title": "Christmas traditions"
},
{
"id": "4325156",
"text": "reason for this unusual date emerges from ancient history. \"In the fourth century Roman Catholic Church, officials established the date of Christmas as December 25th.\" Before that time, Armenians celebrated Christmas (\"surb tsnunt\", Սուրբ Ծնունդ, meaning \"Holy Birth\") on January 6 as a public holiday in Armenia. It also coincides with the Epiphany. The Armenians denied the new Roman mandate regarding Christmas, and continued to celebrate both the Nativity and Jesus’ baptism on January 6. When the Gregorian calendar was implemented in 1582, the Armenians rejected the reformed calendar and remained following the Julian Calendar. But today, only Armenian Patriarchate",
"title": "Christmas traditions"
},
{
"id": "77630",
"text": "as Advent. In Italy, former Saturnalian traditions were attached to Advent. Around the 12th century, these traditions transferred again to the Twelve Days of Christmas (December 25 – January 5); a time that appears in the liturgical calendars as Christmastide or Twelve Holy Days. The prominence of Christmas Day increased gradually after Charlemagne was crowned Emperor on Christmas Day in 800. King Edmund the Martyr was anointed on Christmas in 855 and King William I of England was crowned on Christmas Day 1066. By the High Middle Ages, the holiday had become so prominent that chroniclers routinely noted where various",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "658933",
"text": "Festivals and Commemorations are also celebrated, with a few exceptions. In some Anglican traditions (including the Church of England) the Christmas season is followed by an Epiphany season, which begins on the Eve of the Epiphany (on 6 January or the nearest Sunday) and ends on the Feast of the Presentation (on February 2 or the nearest Sunday). Ordinary Time then begins after this period. The \"Book of Common Prayer\" contains within it the traditional Western Eucharistic lectionary which traces its roots to the \"Comes\" of St. Jerome in the 5th century. Its similarity to the ancient lectionary is particularly",
"title": "Liturgical year"
},
{
"id": "4295080",
"text": "Feast of the Sacred Heart The Feast of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, Latin: \"Sollemnitas Sacratissimi Cordis Iesu\") is a solemnity in the liturgical calendar of the Roman Catholic Church. It falls 19 days after Pentecost, on a Friday. The earliest possible date is May 29, as in 1818 and 2285. The latest possible date is July 2, as in 1943 and 2038. The devotion to the Sacred Heart is one of the most widely practiced and well-known Roman Catholic devotions, taking Jesus Christ's physical heart as the representation of his divine love for humanity. Devotion to the Sacred",
"title": "Feast of the Sacred Heart"
},
{
"id": "12174255",
"text": "Council of Trent four centuries before. According to Catholic tradition, the Catholic Church was founded by Jesus Christ. The New Testament records Jesus' activities and teaching, his appointment of the twelve Apostles, and his instructions to them to continue his work. The Catholic Church teaches that the coming of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles, in an event known as Pentecost, signaled the beginning of the public ministry of the Church. Catholics hold that Saint Peter was Rome's first bishop and the consecrator of Linus as its next bishop, thus starting the unbroken line which includes the current pontiff, Pope",
"title": "History of the Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "8645851",
"text": "Christmas and holiday season The Christmas season, also called the festive season, or the holiday season (mainly in the U.S. and Canada; often simply called the holidays), is an annually recurring period recognized in many Western and Western-influenced countries that is generally considered to run from late November to early January. It is defined as incorporating at least Christmas, and usually New Year, and sometimes various other holidays and festivals. It also is associated with a period of shopping which comprises a peak season for the retail sector (the \"Christmas (or holiday) shopping season\"), and a period of sales at",
"title": "Christmas and holiday season"
},
{
"id": "2642235",
"text": "before Ash Wednesday, which falls between 4 February and 10 March (inclusive), and marks the beginning of the Season of Lent. Thus, for Roman Catholics, the period of Ordinary Time between Christmas and Lent may end amid the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, or ninth week of Ordinary Time. Ash Wednesday is a moveable feast which occurs on the 40th day (excluding Sundays) before the Solemnity of the Resurrection of the Lord (Easter Sunday). Ordinary Time resumes on the Monday following Solemnity of Pentecost, which is the Sunday between 10 May and 13 June that marks the 50th day of",
"title": "Ordinary Time"
},
{
"id": "3091017",
"text": "relic of the crib or manger of the Nativity of Jesus Christ, four boards of sycamore wood believed to have been brought to the church, together with a fifth, in the time of Pope Theodore I (640–649). This name appears in the Tridentine editions of the Roman Missal as the place for the pope's Mass (the station Mass) on Christmas Night, while the name \"Mary Major\" appears for the church of the station Mass on Christmas Day. No Catholic church can be honoured with the title of \"basilica\" unless by apostolic grant or from immemorial custom. St. Mary Major is",
"title": "Santa Maria Maggiore"
},
{
"id": "4325236",
"text": "will then return home for the traditional Christmas Eve \"Holy Supper\", which consists of 12 dishes, one to honor each of the Twelve Apostles. Devout families will then return to church for the \"всеночная\" All Night Vigil. Then again, on Christmas Morning, for the \"заутренняя\" Divine Liturgy of the Nativity. Since 1992 Christmas has become a national holiday in Russia, as part of the ten-day holiday at the start of every new year. During the Soviet period, religious celebrations were discouraged by the officially atheist state. Christmas tree and related celebrations were gradually eradicated after the October Revolution. In 1935,",
"title": "Christmas traditions"
},
{
"id": "658934",
"text": "obvious during Trinity season (Sundays after the Sunday after Pentecost), reflecting that understanding of sanctification. Reformed Christians emphasize weekly celebration of the Lord's day and, while some of them celebrate also what they call the five evangelical feasts, others celebrate no holy days. Advent (from the Latin word \"adventus\", which means \"arrival\" or \"coming\") is the first season of the liturgical year. It begins four Sundays before Christmas, the Sunday falling on or nearest to November 30, and ends on Christmas Eve. Traditionally observed as a \"fast\", it focuses on preparation for the coming of Christ, not only the coming",
"title": "Liturgical year"
},
{
"id": "19516190",
"text": "Christmas gift A Christmas gift or Christmas present is a gift given in celebration of Christmas. Christmas gifts are often exchanged on Christmas Day itself, December 25, or on the last day of the twelve-day Christmas season, Twelfth Night (January 5). The practice of giving gifts during Christmastide, according to Christian tradition, is symbolic of the presentation of the gifts by the Three Wise Men to the infant Jesus. The tradition of gift-giving in general is an old one, but it became associated with Christian feast of Christmas more recently. In ancient Rome, gift giving may have occurred near the",
"title": "Christmas gift"
},
{
"id": "6629193",
"text": "celebrated on fixed dates, the feasts of Mary, Purification (Mariae Reinigung, 2 February), Annunciation (Mariae Verkündigung, 25 March) and Visitation (Mariae Heimsuchung, 2 July), and the Saint's days of St. John the Baptist (Johannis, 24 June), St. Michael (Michaelis, 29 September), St. Stephen (Stephanus, 26 December, the second day of Christmas) and St. John the Evangelist (Johannes, 27 December, the third day of Christmas). Further feasts on fixed days were New Year's Day (Neujahr, 1 January), Epiphany (Epiphanias, 6 January) and Reformation Day (Reformationsfest, 31 October). Sacred cantatas were also performed for the inauguration of a new city council (Ratswechsel,",
"title": "Church cantata (Bach)"
},
{
"id": "77610",
"text": "end of the fourth century, probably in 388, and in Alexandria only in the following century. The feast disappeared after Gregory of Nazianzus resigned as bishop in 381, although it was reintroduced by John Chrysostom in about 400. Even in the West, January 6 celebration of the nativity of Jesus seems to have continued until after 380. In the 3rd century, the date of birth of Jesus was the subject of both great interest. It is of general acknowledgement that the birth of Christ was celebrated not taking into consideration the historical date of birth, but a conventional one. Around",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "8108319",
"text": "hymn or chant from the Graduale, sung by all. The people then depart, or stay to pray for awhile, light votives at various shrines in the church, etc. In some countries, including the United States, the priest customarily stands outside the church door to greet the congregants individually as they exit. Since the Second Vatican Council, the time for fulfilling the obligation to attend Mass on Sunday or a Holy Day of Obligation now begins on the evening of the day before, and most parish churches do celebrate the Sunday Mass also on Saturday evening. By long tradition and liturgical",
"title": "Mass in the Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "8645853",
"text": "traditional Christian Advent season, the period observed in Western Christianity from the fourth Sunday before Christmas Day until Christmas Day itself. The term \"Advent calendar\" continues to be widely known in Western parlance as a term referring to a countdown to Christmas Day from the beginning of December. Beginning in the mid-20th century, as the Christian-associated Christmas holiday and liturgical season, in some circles, became increasingly commercialized and central to American economics and culture while religio-multicultural sensitivity rose, generic references to the season that omitted the word \"Christmas\" became more common in the corporate and public sphere of the United",
"title": "Christmas and holiday season"
},
{
"id": "77633",
"text": "during the Reformation in 16th–17th-century Europe that many Protestants changed the gift bringer to the Christ Child or \"Christkindl\", and the date of giving gifts changed from December 6 to Christmas Eve. Following the Protestant Reformation, many of the new denominations, including the Anglican Church and Lutheran Church, continued to celebrate Christmas. In 1629, the Anglican poet John Milton penned \"On the Morning of Christ's Nativity\", a poem that has since been read by many during Christmastide. Donald Heinz, a professor at California State University, states that Martin Luther \"inaugurated a period in which Germany would produce a unique culture",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "8108322",
"text": "Mass \"pro populo\" – that is, for the faithful entrusted to his care. For Latin Rite priests, there are a few general exceptions to the limitation to celebrate only one Mass a day. By tradition, they may celebrate Mass three times on Christmas Day (the Midnight Mass or \"Mass of the Angels\", the Dawn Mass or \"Shepherd's Mass\", and the Day Mass or \"Mass of the Divine Word\", each of which has its own readings and chants). On All Souls' Day they may also, on the basis of a privilege to all priests by Pope Benedict XV in August 1915,",
"title": "Mass in the Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "8645883",
"text": "has the longest Christmas season, reportedly. As early as September up until January 9, which is the feast of the Black Nazarene (the season ends on the Feast of the Lord's Baptism on the 2nd Sunday of January or the Monday after Epiphany if the 2nd Sunday is marked as such), Carolers can be typically heard going door to door serenading fellow Filipinos in exchange of money. All over the entire country, parols (star shaped lanterns) are hung everywhere and lights are lit. Simbang Gabi or dawn masses start December 16 and run for nine days up until Christmas Eve.",
"title": "Christmas and holiday season"
},
{
"id": "4283740",
"text": "Harì\"). A dying tradition is the Hispanic custom of children leaving their shoes out by the window or the door, so that the Three Kings can leave small gifts like candy or money inside upon their descent on Twelfth Night. Since 2011, the Catholic Church mandated that the Christmas season ends on the Feast of the Baptism of Jesus, kept on either the Monday after Epiphany or the second Sunday of the year. The miraculous Black Nazarene, whose cult is centred in Manila and Cagayan de Oro, is borne in procession on January 9 after a novena in its honour.",
"title": "Christmas in the Philippines"
},
{
"id": "5890297",
"text": "Communion and virtually all Lutheran churches. In these latter Western Christian denominations, the Feast of the Naming and Circumcision of Jesus Christ marks the eighth day (octave day) of Christmastide. The feast is celebrated with an All-Night Vigil, beginning the evening of December 31. The hymns of the feast are combined with those for Saint Basil the Great. After the Divine Liturgy the next morning, Russian Orthodox churches often celebrate a New Year Molieben (service of intercession) to pray for God's blessing for the beginning of the civil New Year (Orthodox commemorate the Indiction, or Ecclesiastical New Year, on September",
"title": "Feast of the Circumcision of Christ"
},
{
"id": "5532692",
"text": "First Vespers of Septuagesima Sunday, but since 1970 to just before Ash Wednesday. However, the \"Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices\", which has received the imprimatur of John Michael D'Arcy, refers to this period as Epiphanytide, stating that \"The Epiphany season extends from January 6 to Septuagesima Sunday, and has from one to six Sundays, according to the date of Easter. White is the color for the octave; green is the liturgical color for the season.\" Epiphany season The Epiphany season, also known as Epiphanytide, is in some churches recognized as a liturgical period following the Christmas season (Christmastide). It",
"title": "Epiphany season"
},
{
"id": "77603",
"text": "the magi follow a star to Bethlehem to bring gifts to Jesus, born the king of the Jews. King Herod orders the massacre of all the boys less than two years old in Bethlehem, but the family flees to Egypt and later settles in Nazareth. The Nativity stories of Matthew and Luke are prominent in the gospels and early Christian writers suggested various dates for the anniversary. The first recorded Christmas celebration was in Rome in 336. Christmas played a role in the Arian controversy of the fourth century. In the early Middle Ages, it was overshadowed by Epiphany. The",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "1653599",
"text": "controversy and is seen as an example of liturgical Latinisation. The Feast of the Sacred Heart is a solemnity in the liturgical calendar of the Roman Catholic Church. It falls 19 days after Pentecost, on a Friday. The earliest possible date is 29 May, as in 1818 and 2285. The latest possible date is 2 July, as in 1943 and 2038. The devotion to the Sacred Heart is one of the most widely practiced and well-known Roman Catholic devotions, taking Jesus Christ's physical heart as the representation of his divine love for humanity. The Alliance of the Hearts of Jesus",
"title": "Sacred Heart"
},
{
"id": "6317412",
"text": "Corpus Christi etc.). For primary schools, the academic year in Belgium begins on the first weekday in September and ends on the last weekday in June, with the summer holiday comprising the entire months of July and August. Secondary schools and universities often close about a week earlier, as soon as school results have been processed and published. A week of autumn break is usually scheduled during the week of All Saints’ Day (November 1). The winter- or Christmas holiday lasts two weeks and encompasses both Christmas and New Year's Day. The dates for both the one-week spring break and",
"title": "School holiday"
},
{
"id": "77617",
"text": "in Latin-speaking North Africa, gives the date of passion celebration as March 25. The date of the passion was moved to Good Friday in 165 when Pope Soter created Easter by reassigning the Resurrection to a Sunday. According to the Calculation hypothesis, celebration of the quartodecimal continued in some areas and the feast became associated with Incarnation. The Calculation hypothesis is considered academically to be \"a thoroughly viable hypothesis\", though not certain. It was a traditional Jewish belief that great men were born and died on the same day, so lived a whole number of years, without fractions: Jesus was",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "6567903",
"text": "Christmas controversies Christmas, the Christian celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ held annually on 25 December, has come under both secular and religious attack since its earliest days. In the 17th century, the Puritans had laws forbidding the celebration of Christmas, unlike the Catholic Church or the Anglican Church, the latter from which they separated. With the atheistic Cult of Reason in power during the era of Revolutionary France, Christian Christmas religious services were banned and the three kings cake was forcibly renamed the \"equality cake\" under anticlerical government policies. Later, in the 20th century, Christmas celebrations were prohibited",
"title": "Christmas controversies"
},
{
"id": "2373303",
"text": "of the Theotokos\", and commemorates the role of the Virgin Mary in the Incarnation; the third day is known as the \"Third Day of the Nativity\", and is also the feast day of the Protodeacon and Protomartyr Saint Stephen. 29 December is the Orthodox Feast of the Holy Innocents. The Afterfeast of the Nativity (similar to the Western octave) continues until 31 December (that day is known as the Apodosis or \"leave-taking\" of the Nativity). The Saturday following the Nativity is commemorated by special readings from the Epistle () and Gospel () during the Divine Liturgy. The Sunday after the",
"title": "Twelve Days of Christmas"
},
{
"id": "3012228",
"text": "against abortion, contraception, sexual activity outside of marriage, remarriage following divorce without annulment, and against same-sex marriage. The New Testament, in particular the Gospels, records Jesus' activities and teaching, his appointment of the twelve Apostles and his Great Commission of the Apostles, instructing them to continue his work. The book Acts of Apostles, tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman empire. The Catholic Church teaches that its public ministry began on Pentecost, occurring fifty days following the date Christ is believed to have resurrected. At Pentecost, the Apostles are believed",
"title": "Catholic Church"
}
] | when does christmas start in the catholic church |
[
"Mexico",
"Canada",
"United States"
] | [
{
"id": "16681949",
"text": "2026 FIFA World Cup The 2026 FIFA World Cup (; ) will be the 23rd FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international men's football championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The tournament will be jointly hosted by 16 cities in three North American countries; 60 matches, including the quarterfinals, semi-finals, and the final, will be hosted by the United States while neighboring Canada and Mexico will each host 10 matches. The tournament will be the first hosted by three nations. The United 2026 bid beat a rival bid by Morocco during a final vote at",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "16681959",
"text": "be hosted by one of the remaining four confederations: CONCACAF (North America; last hosted in 1994), CAF (Africa; last hosted in 2010), CONMEBOL (South America; last hosted in 2014), or OFC (Oceania, never hosted before), or potentially by UEFA in case no bid from those four met the requirements. Co-hosting the FIFA World Cup—which had been banned by FIFA after the 2002 World Cup—was approved for the 2026 World Cup, though not limited to a specific number but instead evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Also by 2026, the FIFA general secretariat, after consultation with the Competitions Committee, will have the",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "16681965",
"text": "traditional June–July scheduling, which falls during the heart of the regular season for several major North American sports leagues (including the National Football League; Fox is a main U.S. rightsholder). 2026 FIFA World Cup The 2026 FIFA World Cup (; ) will be the 23rd FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international men's football championship contested by the national teams of the member associations of FIFA. The tournament will be jointly hosted by 16 cities in three North American countries; 60 matches, including the quarterfinals, semi-finals, and the final, will be hosted by the United States while neighboring Canada and Mexico",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "17612475",
"text": "tournament in South Africa; the second Arab and Muslim-majority country, after the 2022 tournament in Qatar; and the first time in North Africa. Following rumors on each nation bidding individually, the three nations announced on 10 April 2017 a bid to host the World Cup jointly. Canada and Mexico would host 10 games each, while the United States would host the remaining 60 games, including all remaining matches from the quarterfinals onward. It will be the first FIFA World Cup held in three countries, the first men's World Cup held in Canada (the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup was held",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "17612463",
"text": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids The 2026 FIFA World Cup bidding process resulted in the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) selecting the joint United States / Canada / Mexico bid as the location for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. Two bids to host the event were submitted to FIFA, a joint bid by Canada, Mexico and the United States, and one by Morocco. On 13 June 2018, at the 68th FIFA Congress in Moscow, the joint bid was selected by 134 votes to Morocco's 65. This will be the first tournament hosted by more than two countries, and only",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "20097548",
"text": "from the quarterfinals onward. On June 13, 2018, at the 68th FIFA Congress in Moscow, Russia, the United bid was selected by 134 votes to Morocco's 65, while Iran voted for neither. Upon this selection, Canada will become the fifth country to host both the men's and women's World Cup, joining Sweden, the United States, Germany, and France. Mexico will become the first country to host three men's World Cups, and the United States will become the first country to host both the men's and women's World Cup twice each. This will be the first World Cup to be hosted",
"title": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "17612466",
"text": "of the second-to-last host of the FIFA World Cup in the event that none of the received bids fulfill the strict technical and financial requirements. In March 2017, FIFA president Gianni Infantino confirmed that \"Europe (UEFA) and Asia (AFC) are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Russia and Qatar in 2018 and 2022 respectively.\" Therefore, the 2026 World Cup could be hosted by one of the remaining four confederations: CONCACAF (last hosted in 1994), CAF (last hosted in 2010), CONMEBOL (last hosted in 2014), or OFC (never hosted before), or potentially by UEFA in case no bid from",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "17612474",
"text": "Morocco asked to postpone the African Cup of Nations to summer due to the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa, and lost its hosting rights in favor of Equatorial Guinea. Morocco lost bids to host the World Cup in 1994, 1998, 2006, and 2010 to the United States, France, Germany, and South Africa, respectively. Morocco successfully hosted the 2013 and 2014 FIFA Club World Cups and the 2018 African Nations Championship. On 11 August 2017, Morocco officially announced a bid to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup. If successful, it would have been the second African country, after the 2010",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "16681960",
"text": "power to exclude bidders who do not meet the minimum technical requirements to host the competition. Canada, Mexico and the United States had all publicly considered bidding for the tournament separately, but the United joint bid was announced on April 10, 2017. The voting took place on June 13, 2018, during FIFA's annual congress in Moscow, and it was reopened to all eligible members. The United bid won receiving 134 valid ballots, while the Morocco bid received 65 valid ballots. Upon the selection, Canada becomes the fifth country to host both men's and women's World Cup—the latter was in 2015,",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "16681961",
"text": "Mexico becomes the first country to host three men's World Cups—previously in 1970 and 1986, and the United States becomes the first country to host both men's and women's World Cup twice each—having hosted the 1994 men's and the 1999 and 2003 women's World Cups. The 2026 World Cup's qualification process has yet to be decided. The FIFA Council is expected to decide which hosts, if any, will receive automatic qualifications to the tournament. The United Bid personnel anticipated that all three host countries would be awarded automatic places. During the bidding process, there were 49 venues in 43 cities",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "16681950",
"text": "the 68th FIFA Congress in Moscow. It will be the first World Cup since South Korea/Japan in 2002 that will be hosted by more than one nation. With its past hosting of the 1970 and 1986 tournaments, Mexico will also become the first country to host or co-host three men's World Cups. The 2026 World Cup will also see the tournament expanded from 32 to 48 teams. Michel Platini, who was then the UEFA president, had suggested in October 2013 an expansion of the tournament to 40 teams, an idea that FIFA president Gianni Infantino also suggested in March 2016.",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "20097547",
"text": "would be held at venues in all three countries. A shortlist of 23 candidate cities were named in the official bid, with 17 in the U.S., 3 in Canada, and 3 in Mexico. Ten U.S. candidate cities will join three Canadian candidate cities, and three Mexican candidate cities, to form the roster of 16 cities that will host the matches of this World Cup. Although a joint bid, the majority of the matches will be held in the United States. Canada and Mexico will host 10 matches each, while the United States will host the other 60, including all matches",
"title": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "20097546",
"text": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid United 2026 was a successful joint bid, led by the United States Soccer Federation, together with the Canadian Soccer Association and the Mexican Football Federation, to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. While the soccer federations of Canada, Mexico, and the United States had individually announced plans to field a bid for the 2026 World Cup, the concept of a joint bid among the three North American countries was first proposed in 2016. The joint bid was officially unveiled on April 10, 2017, under which the tournament",
"title": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "17612467",
"text": "those four met the requirements. Co-hosting the FIFA World Cup, which had been banned by FIFA after the 2002 World Cup, was approved for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, though not limited to a specific number but instead evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Also by 2026, the FIFA general secretariat, after consultation with the Competitions Committee, will have the power to exclude bidders who do not meet the minimum technical requirements to host the competition. The bidding process was due to start in 2015, with the appointment of hosts scheduled for the FIFA Congress on 10 May 2017 in Kuala",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "145472",
"text": "The rotation policy was introduced after the controversy surrounding Germany's victory over South Africa in the vote to host the 2006 tournament. However, the policy of continental rotation will not continue beyond 2014, so any country, except those belonging to confederations that hosted the two preceding tournaments, can apply as hosts for World Cups starting from 2018. This is partly to avoid a similar scenario to the bidding process for the 2014 tournament, where Brazil was the only official bidder. The 2026 FIFA World Cup was chosen to be held in the United States, Canada and Mexico, marking the first",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "7584338",
"text": "as other possible options. In March 2017, FIFA's president Gianni Infantino confirmed that \"Europe (UEFA) and Asia (AFC) had been excluded from the bidding following the selection of Russia and Qatar in 2018 and 2022 respectively.\" The bidding process was originally scheduled to start in 2015, with the appointment of hosts scheduled for the FIFA Congress on 10 May 2017 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. On 10 June 2015, FIFA announced that the bid process for the 2026 FIFA World Cup was postponed. However, following the FIFA Council meeting on 10 May 2016, a new bid schedule was announced for May",
"title": "FIFA World Cup hosts"
},
{
"id": "7584339",
"text": "2020 as the last in a four-phase process. On 14 October 2016, FIFA said it would accept a tournament-sharing bid by CONCACAF members Canada, Mexico and the United States. On 10 April 2017, Canada, the United States, and Mexico announced their intention to submit a joint bid to co-host, with three-quarters of the games to be played in the U.S., including the final. On 11 August 2017, Morocco officially announced a bid to host. Therefore, the official 2026 FIFA World Cup bids were from two football confederations. The first one was from CONCACAF, which was triple bid by Canada, United",
"title": "FIFA World Cup hosts"
},
{
"id": "16681957",
"text": "played in the host country(ies) and to be used as a test event for the FIFA World Cup. The existing playoff window of November 2025 has been suggested as a tentative date for the 2026 edition. The FIFA Council went back and forth between 2013 and 2017 on limitations within hosting rotation based on the continental confederations. Originally, it was set that bids to be host would not be allowed from countries belonging to confederations that hosted the two preceding tournaments. It was temporarily changed to only prohibit countries belonging to the confederation that hosted the previous World Cup from",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "16681958",
"text": "bidding to host the following tournament, before the rule was changed back to its prior state of two World Cups. However, the FIFA Council did make an exception to potentially grant eligibility to member associations of the confederation of the second-to-last host of the FIFA World Cup in the event that none of the received bids fulfill the strict technical and financial requirements. In March 2017, FIFA president Gianni Infantino confirmed that \"Europe (UEFA) and Asia (AFC) are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Russia and Qatar in 2018 and 2022 respectively.\" Therefore, the 2026 World Cup could",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "17287512",
"text": "Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC), as its members are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022, and in North America (CONCACAF), where the 2026 edition in Canada, Mexico and the United States will be hosted. The joint bid by Argentina and Uruguay was announced on 29 July 2017. Before a match between Uruguay and Argentina in Montevideo four weeks later, Uruguay's Luis Suárez and Argentina's Lionel Messi – teammates at FC Barcelona – promoted the bid with commemorative shirts. On 31 August 2017, it was suggested Paraguay would join as a third host. CONMEBOL,",
"title": "2030 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "7584316",
"text": "Cup had more than one host, being split between Japan and South Korea. Upon the selection of Canada–Mexico–United States bid for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, the tournament will be the first to be hosted by more than two countries. Mexico becomes the first country to host three men's World Cups and its Estadio Azteca, should it be selected, will become the first stadium to stage three World Cup tournaments. Except 1934, host nations are granted an automatic spot in the World Cup group stages. The first host ever to fail to advance past the first round was South Africa",
"title": "FIFA World Cup hosts"
},
{
"id": "19433066",
"text": "the event before, the tournament will be heading to a new location, later shortlisted to four. The Czech Republic, Egypt, Georgia, the Netherlands, and the United States expressed interest, but eventually did not bid. The host were originally to be appointed by December 2016, then delayed to December 2017. Costa Rica, Croatia, Kazakhstan, and the United Arab Emirates were later eliminated from contention. The hosts were selected by the FIFA Council on 26 October 2018 in Kigali, Rwanda from the final four candidates: Iran, Japan, Lithuania, and New Zealand. Lithuania were chosen over Iran, Japan and New Zealand as host",
"title": "2020 FIFA Futsal World Cup"
},
{
"id": "2932319",
"text": "Association history. Unfortunately, Canada could not advance beyond the so-called CONCACAF Group of Death, a group that featured higher-ranked nations Mexico and Honduras. In March 2011, it was announced Canada would host the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup for the first time, where they reached the quarterfinals. On June 13, 2018, Canada, Mexico and United States joint bid was chosen to co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup 69 votes ahead of Morocco 134–65 at the FIFA Congress in Moscow. Canada will host 10 matches in Montreal, Edmonton and Toronto. As in other English-speaking nations outside the United Kingdom, association football",
"title": "Soccer in Canada"
},
{
"id": "145438",
"text": "Chile, England, Argentina, Spain, the United States, Japan and South Korea (jointly), South Africa and Russia have each hosted once. Qatar are planned as hosts of the 2022 finals, and 2026 will be jointly hosted by Canada, the United States and Mexico, which will give Mexico the distinction of being the first country to have hosted games in three finals. The world's first international football match was a challenge match played in Glasgow in 1872 between Scotland and England, which ended in a 0–0 draw. The first international tournament, the inaugural British Home Championship, took place in 1884. As football",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "20423112",
"text": "2010 and 2014. On December 4, 2017, Gulati announced that he would not seek another term. In the months leading up to the election, the U.S. Soccer Federation submitted a joint bid with Canada and Mexico to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup. In October 2017, the United States men's national soccer team failed to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, missing the World Cup for the first time since 1986, sparking a major push for reform by supporters. The election will take place on February 10, 2018, at the National Council Meeting during the U.S. Soccer Annual Meeting",
"title": "United States Soccer Federation presidential election, 2018"
},
{
"id": "17612471",
"text": "bids to host the final competition of the 2026 FIFA World Cup by 11 August 2017. The 68th FIFA Congress will decide on the selection of the candidate host associations. On 11 May 2017, the 67th FIFA Congress voted on the FIFA Council proposal to the fast-track the 2026 FIFA World Cup bid process and set the following deadlines: Endorsement of a set of principles submitted by the FIFA administration as part of the process to select the host of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, including an overview of the content to be requested from bidding member associations and high-level",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "17612480",
"text": "it has the rights to, from summer in the United States to winter (21 November – 18 December), during the National Football League regular season. Due to the lack of a tender, FIFA lost revenue. According to the BBC's sports editor Dan Roan, \"As ever, it seemed, FIFA was looking after itself.\" 2026 FIFA World Cup bids The 2026 FIFA World Cup bidding process resulted in the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) selecting the joint United States / Canada / Mexico bid as the location for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. Two bids to host the event were submitted",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "7584337",
"text": "geographically to host the World Cup. Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time a World Cup will be held in the Arab World and the second time in Asia since the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan. Also, the decision made it the smallest country geographically to host the World Cup. Bids: Under FIFA rules as of 2016, the 2026 Cup could not be in either Europe (UEFA) or Asia (AFC), leaving an African (CAF) bid, a North American (CONCACAF) bid, a South American (CONMEBOL) bid or an Oceanian (OFC) bid",
"title": "FIFA World Cup hosts"
},
{
"id": "145473",
"text": "time a World Cup has been shared by three host nations. The 2026 tournament will be the biggest World Cup ever held, with 48 teams playing 80 matches. Sixty matches will take place in the US, including all matches from the quarter-finals onward, while Canada and Mexico will host 10 games each. Six of the eight champions have won one of their titles while playing in their own homeland, the exceptions being Brazil, who finished as runners-up after losing the deciding match on home soil in 1950 and lost their semi-final against Germany in 2014, and Spain, which reached the",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "16681955",
"text": "FIFA Congress, the FIFA Council approved the slot allocation in a meeting in Manama, Bahrain. It includes an intercontinental playoff tournament involving six teams to decide the last two FIFA World Cup berths. The issue of how to allocate automatic host country qualification given that there are multiple host countries has not yet been resolved and will be decided by the FIFA council. The United bid anticipated all three host countries being awarded automatic places. The ratification of slot allocation gives OFC a guaranteed berth in the final tournament for the first time in FIFA World Cup history. The 2026",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "16681956",
"text": "FIFA World Cup will be the first tournament in which all six confederations have guaranteed berths. A playoff tournament involving six teams will be held to decide the last two FIFA World Cup berths, consisting of one team per confederation (except for UEFA) and one additional team from the confederation of the host country (i.e. CONCACAF). Two of the teams will be seeded based on the FIFA World Rankings, and the seeded teams will play for a FIFA World Cup berth against the winners of the first two knockout games involving the four unseeded teams. The tournament is to be",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "17612473",
"text": "an African (CAF) bid, a North American (CONCACAF) bid, a South American (CONMEBOL) bid, or an Oceania (OFC) bid as the only possible options. In March 2017, FIFA confirmed that \"Europe (UEFA) and Asia (AFC) are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Russia and Qatar in 2018 and 2022 respectively.\" Moroccan Minister of Youth and Sports, Moncef Belkhayat, stated that: \"The African Cup of Nations 2015 will be the first indicator of our ability to host a great event. Then we can confidently consider us as a candidate to host the World Cup 2026\". However, in November 2014,",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "20097552",
"text": "bid for the 2022 World Cup, which was won by Qatar in 2010. On April 18, 2015, Brazilian legend Pelé stated that the United States should host the 2026 World Cup. In December 2016 Victor Montagliani, CONCACAF president announced for the first time a possibility of a joint bid between the United States, Canada, and Mexico to host the 2026 World Cup. On April 10, 2017, the three bodies officially announced their intent to submit a joint bid for the 2026 World Cup. Bidding for the 2026 FIFA World Cup was postponed due to the 2015 FIFA corruption case and",
"title": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "16681962",
"text": "contacted to be part of the bid. 41 cities with 45 venues responded and submitted to be part of the bid (3 venues in 3 cities in Mexico, 8 venues in 6 cities in Canada and 38 venues in 34 cities in the United States). A first round elimination cut 9 venues and 9 cities, then a second round elimination cut 9 venues in 6 cities, reducing the total number to 23 venues, each in their own city or metropolitan area. The 23 candidate cities and venues will be narrowed down to 16 in 2020 or 2021 (3 in Canada,",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "108776",
"text": "the world together and not alone. For these reasons, I am voting to remain.” Beckham was announced as the new Ambassadorial president of the British Fashion Council on 11 May 2018. Prior to the June 2018 vote by FIFA member nations for selecting the hosts of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, Beckham endorsed the North American bid (Canada, Mexico and the United States). Beckham has supported UNICEF since his days at Manchester United and in January 2005, the English national team captain became a Goodwill Ambassador with a special focus on UNICEF's Sports for Development program. In 2012, he met",
"title": "David Beckham"
},
{
"id": "7993885",
"text": "On July 22, 2017, a match of the 2017 International Champions Cup was played between FC Barcelona and Juventus. Barcelona won the match 2–1 in front of 82,104 fans. On August 15, 2017, as part of the United States joint bid with Canada and Mexico to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup, MetLife Stadium was announced as the venue to host the final. MetLife Stadium will host two matches as part of the 2018 International Champions Cup. The first match on July 25, 2018 between Manchester City F.C. and Liverpool F.C. and the second match on August 7, 2018 between",
"title": "MetLife Stadium"
},
{
"id": "20097555",
"text": "and the United States, to kick off the bidding process to bring the 2026 World Cup to North America. Honorary chairman of the board United bid committee board of directors United bid committee executive team On August 15, 2017, the United Bid Committee released a list of 49 stadiums in 44 metropolitan markets across the three nations which will be considered for the official bid. The United Bid Committee plans to include 20–25 venues in the official bid, which will be sent to FIFA in March 2018. Stadiums must have a capacity of at least 40,000 for group-round matches and",
"title": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "20097560",
"text": "their specific country. Also, nearly six in 10 (57 percent) of those surveyed say they would be interested in attending FIFA World Cup matches if the games were played near where they live or work. On April 20, 2018, Representatives Darin LaHood and fellow co-chairs of the Congressional Soccer Caucus Kathy Castor (FL-14), Don Bacon (NE-02), Ruben Kihuen (NV-04) introduced a resolution to recognize and support the efforts of the United Bid Committee to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup in Canada, Mexico and the United States. The U.S. House of Representatives adopted this resolution on April 25, 2018. Toronto",
"title": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "16681954",
"text": "of collusion between the two teams playing in the last round of the group stage will increase compared with four-team groups (where simultaneous kick-offs have been employed). One suggestion by president Infantino is that group matches that end in draws will be decided by penalty shootouts. On March 30, 2017, the Bureau of the FIFA Council (composed of the FIFA president and the presidents of each of the six confederations) proposed a slot allocation for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. The recommendation was submitted for the ratification by the FIFA Council. On May 9, 2017, two days before the 67th",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "20097559",
"text": "in the round of 32, and one in the round of 16. The following cities were not selected as host cities bid, according to Sunil Gulati, during the 2018 US Soccer Annual General Meeting. On October 24, 2017, a survey of adults in Canada, Mexico, and the United States showed a broad support for Canada–United States–Mexico bid to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It found that 77% of North American residents are in favor of hosting the first-ever 48-team FIFA World Cup, and 81% of respondents across the three countries agree that hosting the tournament would be good for",
"title": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "12049997",
"text": "venue, Yekaterinburg). In addition the tournament will be the last to involve 32 teams, with an increase to 48 teams scheduled for the 2026 tournament. The reigning World Cup champions are France. This will also mark the first World Cup not to be held in May, June, or July; the tournament is instead scheduled for late November until mid-December. It is to be played in a reduced timeframe of around 28 days, with the final being held on 18 December 2022, which is also Qatar National Day. Accusations of corruption have been made relating to how Qatar won the right",
"title": "2022 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "17612469",
"text": "timeline for the selection of the host(s), the specific requirements for hosting, a detailed explanation of the government guarantees, as well as the principles of sustainable event management and human rights protection. On 27 October 2017, the FIFA Council ratified the decision of the Bureau of the Council of 6 September 2017 to approve the enhanced Bidding Regulations for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It also appointed the members of the Bid Evaluation Task Force. According to the Bidding Regulations, the Task Force is expected to be composed by: With no rival bid having emerged since April 2017 the CONCACAF",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "20097554",
"text": "would have a full bidding procedure. In order to ensure continental rotation of hosting duties, only the member associations of CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, and the OFC were invited, as these continental confederations had not hosted the two previous World Cups. A date of August 11, 2017, was set for submission of an intention to bid. Together, Canada, Mexico, and the United States have successfully hosted 13 FIFA events, which is the most of any trio of geographically connected nations in the world. On July 6, 2017, a United Bid Committee was officially formed by the national federations of Canada, Mexico,",
"title": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "1556313",
"text": "the World Cup since 1986. As a result of the fifth-place finish, Bruce Arena was let go as USMNT Director of Coaching later that month. United States, will jointly host with Canada and Mexico for the 2026 FIFA World Cup after beating out Morocco on June 13, 2018 in Moscow, Russia. The women's national team has won three FIFA Women's World Cup tournaments in 1991, 1999 and 2015 (placing second in 2011 and third in 1995, 2003, and 2007); the Olympic Gold Medal in 1996, 2004, 2008, and 2012; and seven Algarve Cups and six CONCACAF Women's Gold Cups. The",
"title": "United States Soccer Federation"
},
{
"id": "17612476",
"text": "there), the second men's World Cup held in the United States (1999 and 2003 Women's World Cups were held there), and the third World Cup held in Mexico (making Mexico the first nation to host three World Cups, after the 1970 and 1986 World Cups). Some of the main requirements addressed by FIFA are security, finance and hospitality, and Morocco fulfills all these requirements as this has been proven by the outcome of the FIFA Task Force: The note was 2,7 from the total of 5 points. Additionally the travel time between the proposed venues is manageable, since all the",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "7584315",
"text": "country is now chosen in a vote by FIFA's Congress. This is done under an exhaustive ballot system. The decision is currently made roughly seven years in advance of the tournament, though the hosts for the 2022 tournament were chosen at the same time as those for the 2018 tournament. Only Mexico, Italy, France, Germany (West Germany until shortly after the 1990 World Cup) and Brazil have hosted the event on two occasions. Mexico City's Estadio Azteca and Rio de Janeiro's Maracanã are the only venues ever to have hosted two FIFA World Cup finals. Only the 2002 FIFA World",
"title": "FIFA World Cup hosts"
},
{
"id": "20296440",
"text": "Morocco 2026 FIFA World Cup bid The Morocco 2026 FIFA World Cup bid was Morocco's unsuccessful bid to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It competed with the United 2026 bid of Canada, Mexico, and the United States for hosting rights. The 2026 bid was Morocco's fifth bid to host the FIFA World Cup after four unsuccessful attempts in 1994, 1998, 2006 and 2010 lost out to the United States, France, Germany and South Africa. If successful, it would have been the second African country, after the 2010 tournament in South Africa, as well as the second Arab and Muslim",
"title": "Morocco 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "12805355",
"text": "Hexagonal). The United States defeated Panama 4-0 in a push to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, which ultimately failed. In March 2018, Orlando City Stadium hosted two matches in that year's SheBelieves Cup, featuring the women's national teams of England, France, Germany, and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup winner, the United States. As of February 2018, Orlando is one of 26 remaining potential host cities and Camping World Stadium is one of 29 remaining potential host venues in the United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid, the joint bid of the United States, Canada, and Mexico to host",
"title": "Sports in Orlando, Florida"
},
{
"id": "17612464",
"text": "the second hosted by more than one country—the other having been the 2002 tournament, hosted by South Korea and Japan. Upon this selection, each country made hosting records of their own. Canada becomes the fifth country to host both men's and women's World Cup—the latter having been in 2015; Mexico becomes the first country to host the men's World Cup three times—having done so previously in 1970 and 1986; and the United States becomes the first country to host both men's and women's World Cup twice—having hosted the 1994 men's and the 1999 and 2003 women's World Cups. The FIFA",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "17612470",
"text": "member federations of Canada, Mexico and the United States sent a joint request to FIFA to hasten the bid process. Canada, Mexico and the United States wanted FIFA to award the bid outside the traditional bidding process at the June 2018 FIFA Congress in Moscow if the CONCACAF-bid meets FIFA requirements. However the FIFA Council proposed on 8 May 2017 that FIFA shall establish a bidding procedure inviting initially only the member associations of CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL and the OFC - continental confederations whose members have not hosted the two previous World Cups - as candidates to submit to FIFA",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "2942336",
"text": "qualifying, ending the streak of consecutive World Cups at seven. United States will co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup along with Canada and Mexico, the automatic qualification on all three teams is likely as co-hosts. The U.S. also competes in continental tournaments, including the CONCACAF Gold Cup and Copa América. The U.S. has hosted fourteen editions of the Gold Cup, winning six, and has achieved a fourth-place finish in two Copa Américas, including the 2016 edition that they hosted. The team's head coach is Gregg Berhalter, since November 29, 2018. Earnie Stewart is the team's General Manager since August 1,",
"title": "United States men's national soccer team"
},
{
"id": "6858759",
"text": "to be postponed because of fear of the Ebola pandemic at that time affecting some African countries. The country was then ruled out as a host of the international competition. The Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium was also a venue for the 2014 FIFA Club World Cup. The venue was planned to be one of the host stadiums for the unsuccessful bid to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It was intended to host Quarter-final matches if Morocco had of been awarded the World Cup. Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in Rabat, Morocco.",
"title": "Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium"
},
{
"id": "12050002",
"text": "area is Switzerland, host of the 1954 FIFA World Cup, which is more than three times as large as Qatar and only needed to host 16 teams instead of the current 32. On 12 April 2018, CONMEBOL requested that FIFA expand the 2022 FIFA World Cup from 32 to 48 teams, four years before the 2026 FIFA World Cup as initially planned. FIFA President Gianni Infantino expressed willingness to consider the request. However, the FIFA congress rejected the request shortly before the beginning of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Infantino said the global football governing body would not discuss the",
"title": "2022 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "3340792",
"text": "World Cup and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. FC Edmonton played its Canadian Championship matches at Commonwealth Stadium from 2011-2013. The stadium is also listed as a potential site for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, which Canada will co-host with Mexico and the United States. Other events at the stadium include the 2001 World Championships in Athletics, the 2006 Women's Rugby World Cup and three editions of the Churchill Cup. Prior to Commonwealth Stadium, the main stadium in Edmonton was Clarke Stadium, which opened in 1939 and was built on a plot of land. Work on applying to host",
"title": "Commonwealth Stadium (Edmonton)"
},
{
"id": "20097558",
"text": "Bowl in the Los Angeles area, that all three host countries' teams would host their first matches on the first day of the tournament and that the final match be held at MetLife Stadium in the New York City area. The bid also proposed that the two semi-final matches would be held at AT&T Stadium in the Dallas/Fort Worth area and Mercedes-Benz Stadium in Atlanta. All of the other cities in the American portion of the bid are under consideration for quarter-final matches. The bid book proposal calls for Mexico and Canada to each host seven group-stage games, two matches",
"title": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "16681963",
"text": "3 in Mexico, and 10 in the United States): FIFA president Gianni Infantino criticized the U.S. travel ban on several Muslim-majority nations. Infantino said, \"When it comes to FIFA competitions, any team, including the supporters and officials of that team, who qualify for a World Cup need to have access to the country, otherwise there is no World Cup. That is obvious.\" However, assurances were later given by the government that there would be no such discrimination. U.S. President Donald Trump threatened the countries that intended to support the Morocco bid to host the 2026 World Cup, tweeting: \"The US",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "14455128",
"text": "to South Africa. This included five major stadiums across the country, including Stade de Tanger, Stade de Marrakech and two more in the major cities of Agadir and Fes. It was one of the 14 host venues for Morocco's bid to host the World Cup in 2026. It would've staged the Opening and Final matches if Morocco was awarded for the World Cup but lost out to the joint bid of Canada/Mexico/United States. It is now planning on bidding for the 2030 FIFA World Cup with Tunisia and Algeria or Spain and Portugal. Grand Stade de Casablanca Grand Stade de",
"title": "Grand Stade de Casablanca"
},
{
"id": "145471",
"text": "who will host the World Cup is usually made six or seven years in advance of the tournament. However, there have been occasions where the hosts of multiple future tournaments were announced at the same time, as was the case for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, which were awarded to Russia and Qatar, with Qatar becoming the first Middle Eastern country to host the tournament. For the 2010 and 2014 World Cups, the final tournament is rotated between confederations, allowing only countries from the chosen confederation (Africa in 2010, South America in 2014) to bid to host the tournament.",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "6465652",
"text": "which hosted their games at the Ontario Soccer Centre their first three seasons, announced that it would move its home games to BMO Field and Lamport Stadium beginning with the 2018 season. According to the United Bid Book, BMO Field is listed as a tentative venue for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. Toronto FC played their first game at BMO Field on April 28, 2007. The grand opening celebration took place on May 12, 2007. The 2008 MLS All-Star Game was held at BMO Field on July 24, 2008 versus West Ham United of the English Premier League. On July",
"title": "BMO Field"
},
{
"id": "16681964",
"text": "has put together a STRONG bid w/ Canada & Mexico for the 2026 World Cup. It would be a shame if countries that we always support were to lobby against the U.S. bid. Why should we be supporting these countries when they don't support us (including at the United Nations)?\" On February 12, 2015, Fox, Telemundo, and Bell Media's rights to the tournament were renewed by FIFA to cover 2026, without accepting any other bids. \"The New York Times\" believed that this extension was intended as compensation for the rescheduling of the 2022 World Cup to November–December rather than its",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "20097557",
"text": "announced that they were dropping out as potential host cities. All three cities cited concerns over the financial transparency of being a host city and cited FIFA's unwillingness to negotiate financial details as reasons for their decisions; the bid committee announced the next day they had reduced the number of cities in the bid to 23. Cities had to submit written proposals to the United Bid Committee by January 19, 2018, before being selected by the committee. The official bid has proposed the main opening match be held in either the Azteca Stadium in Mexico City or at the Rose",
"title": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "16681951",
"text": "A desire to increase the number of participants in the tournament from the previous 32 team format was announced on October 4, 2016. Four expansion options were considered: On January 10, 2017, the FIFA Council voted unanimously to expand to a 48-team tournament. The tournament will open with a group stage consisting of 16 groups of three teams, with the top two teams progressing from each group to a knockout tournament starting with a round of 32 teams. The number of games played overall will increase from 64 to 80, but the number of games played by finalists remains at",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "7584340",
"text": "States and Mexico, and the second one was from CAF with a bid by Morocco. The host was announced on 13 June 2018 at the 68th FIFA Congress in Moscow, Russia. The United Bid from Canada, Mexico and the United States was selected over the Morocco bid by 134 votes to 65 with 1 selecting neither and 3 abstentions. This will be the first World Cup to be hosted by more than two countries. Mexico becomes the first country to host three men's World Cups and its Estadio Azteca, should selected, will become the first stadium to stage three World",
"title": "FIFA World Cup hosts"
},
{
"id": "20296459",
"text": "the Western Sahara conflict. South Africa did not support the bid, after ties between the two nations were strained since 2004 over the Western Sahara issue. Other countries such as Namibia also ruled out voting for Morocco, after it claimed, \"It will never support nor align itself with a coloniser\". Morocco 2026 FIFA World Cup bid The Morocco 2026 FIFA World Cup bid was Morocco's unsuccessful bid to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It competed with the United 2026 bid of Canada, Mexico, and the United States for hosting rights. The 2026 bid was Morocco's fifth bid to host",
"title": "Morocco 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "17612472",
"text": "hosting requirements. These include: stadium and infrastructure requirements; principles of sustainable event management, human rights and environmental protection; and details on aspects such as governmental support documents, the organisational model to be adopted and provisions for the establishment of a legacy fund. A complete version of the bid requirements will eventually be dispatched to member associations that register to take part in the process. FIFA have established minimum requirements for stadiums capacities. FIFA established minimum requirements for team and referee facilities. Under FIFA rules as of 2017, the 2026 Cup cannot be in either Europe (UEFA) or Asia (AFC), leaving",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "18615883",
"text": "2023 College Football Playoff National Championship. A local 'host city bid' organized of private business led by AEG and included the Los Angeles Sports and Entertainment District Commission (LA Stadium), LA Galaxy, LAFC, Rose Bowl Stadium; among others submitted a bid for LA to be named as a host city during the 2026 tournament. LA city approved the bid to be a host city after the private business showed support and offered to pay costs. The LA stadium was not selected as a bidding venue stadium for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. The Canada–Mexico–United States 2026 FIFA World Cup bid",
"title": "Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park"
},
{
"id": "20296454",
"text": "objective criteria how meaningful and sustainable is the infrastructure presented in the bids\". Morocco was expected to spend US$16 billion if successful in tournament infrastructure, while the North American bid needed no new tournament-specific infrastructure. This put much more risk on FIFA if it selected the Moroccan bid, as listed in the evaluation committee's review of the two bids. The Moroccan bid committee accepted the fact that it could not host the event tomorrow, but the North American bid could. Security was a concern for the bid. Morocco is in the North African region which has experienced political instability and",
"title": "Morocco 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "4168948",
"text": "matches including two finals. The Rose Bowl is a candidate to host matches in the 2026 FIFA World Cup, and will be a venue in the 2028 Summer Olympics. The Rose Bowl has hosted the Pasadena \"Americafest\" Independence Day celebration annually since 1927. The annual fireworks show is considered one of the top fireworks shows in the nation. Another local event is the Rose Bowl Flea Market held the second Sunday of each month, on the stadium parking lots. Hosted by promoter R.G. Canning, it claims to be the largest Flea market on the West Coast. The stadium host the",
"title": "Rose Bowl (stadium)"
},
{
"id": "17612465",
"text": "Council went back and forth between 2013 and 2017 on limitations within hosting rotation based on the continental confederations. Originally, it was set that bids to be host would not be allowed from countries belonging to confederations that hosted the two preceding tournaments. It was temporarily changed to only prohibit countries belonging to the confederation that hosted the previous World Cup from bidding to host the following tournament, before the rule was changed back to its prior state of two World Cups. However, the FIFA Council did make an exception to potentially grant eligibility to member associations of the confederation",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "17612468",
"text": "Lumpur, Malaysia, but was postponed due to the 2015 FIFA corruption case and the subsequent resignation of Sepp Blatter, and resumed following the FIFA Council meeting on 10 May 2016, amid corruption allegations around the previous tournaments, due to be held in 2018 (Russia), as well as in 2022 (Qatar). The bidding process originally consisted of four phases: The consultation phase focused on four areas: On 7 November 2017, FIFA published a guide to bidding process. It outlines the key elements of the reformed bidding process, the assessment mechanisms in place, recommendations on the protection of the process' integrity, the",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "12010240",
"text": "to host the 2014 FIFA World Cup so the nation could concentrate on hosting the \"best possible games\". In an inspection tour of development works in March 2010, Jack Warner, then the vice president of FIFA, said that the completion of this tournament could provide Colombia with a launch pad to become a possible host for the 2026 World Cup. The official song of the tournament was \"Nuestra Fiesta\" by Colombian singer Jorge Celedón. The venues that were confirmed on 29 September 2010 are located in Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, Manizales, Armenia, Cartagena, Pereira and Barranquilla. During an announcement about the",
"title": "2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup"
},
{
"id": "10547379",
"text": "Omar Bravo, Aaron Galindo, Héctor Moreno, Francisco Javier Rodríguez, Francisco Fonseca, Javier Hernández (commonly referred to as \"Chicharito\"), Pablo Barrera, Efraín Juárez, Jesús Corona, Héctor Herrera, Miguel Layún, Raúl Jiménez, Marco Fabian and Diego Reyes the most recents. Mexico's men's national team have achieved other significant feats such as the most CONCACAF Gold Cups with 10 trophies. Mexico has hosted two FIFA World Cups, in 1970 and 1986. Estadio Azteca is the biggest stadium in the world to have hosted two World Cup finals and is one of the largest stadiums in the world. Mexico will co-host the 2026 FIFA",
"title": "Football in Mexico"
},
{
"id": "12050000",
"text": "government guarantee to support the bid. Indonesian officials had not ruled out a bid for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, until Qatar took the 2022 cup. During the bidding process, all non-UEFA nations gradually withdrew their 2018 bids, thus making the UEFA nations ineligible for the 2022 bid. In the end, there were five bids for the 2022 FIFA World Cup: Australia, Japan, Qatar, South Korea and the United States. The twenty-two member FIFA Executive Committee convened in Zürich on 2 December 2010 to vote to select the hosts of both tournaments. Two FIFA executive committee members were suspended before",
"title": "2022 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "20097551",
"text": "the U.S. to co-host a bid for the 2026 World Cup. On December 9, 2014, the Mexican Football Federation confirmed that it is bidding for the 2026 World Cup. If the campaign is successful, Mexico will be the first nation to have hosted the World Cup three times. On May 13, 2016, at the FIFA Congress in Mexico City, USSF board member John Motta told ESPN \"whatever happens, we will bid for the 2026 World Cup -- either jointly (with Mexico or Canada) or we will go it alone.\" The United States hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup and unsuccessfully",
"title": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "19949514",
"text": "2017 in Canadian soccer The 2017 season is the 141st season of competitive soccer in Canada. On April 10, 2017, the Canadian Soccer Association announced a joint bid for the 2026 FIFA World Cup along with the United States Soccer Federation and the Mexican Football Federation. The announced proposal would see Canada host ten matches of the eighty expected to take place during the tournament. When available, the home team or the team that is designated as the home team is listed in the left column; the away team is in the right column. eliminated in the quarterfinals. finishes in",
"title": "2017 in Canadian soccer"
},
{
"id": "2862025",
"text": "game was the semi-final match-up between the United States and Germany that took place on June 30, 2015, which drew a crowd of 51,176 people. The Americans won 2–0 in front of a largely partisan crowd and then went on to win their record third FIFA Women's World Cup trophy the following Sunday in Vancouver. This stadium is one of Canada's three candidate venues for the 2026 FIFA World Cup and is expected to get a retractable roof during the renovations for this sports event. Starting in 2018, the Desjardins Group plans to move approximately 1000 of its employees into",
"title": "Olympic Stadium (Montreal)"
},
{
"id": "6859454",
"text": "Khalifa International Stadium Khalifa International Stadium (), also known as National Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Doha, Qatar as part of the Doha Sports City complex, which also includes Aspire Academy, Hamad Aquatic Centre, and the Aspire Tower. It is named after Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Qatar's former Emir. The final of 2011 AFC Asian Cup was held at this stadium. The stadium is also the first completed venue that will host a part of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. In 2017, it received a four star rating from the Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS), the first in",
"title": "Khalifa International Stadium"
},
{
"id": "12050004",
"text": "is subject to FIFA approval. If the hosts choose not to compete, the next-ranked team will advance instead. For the first time after the initial two tournaments of 1930 and 1934, the World Cup will be hosted by a country whose national team has never played a finals match before. The reigning World Cup champions France will also go through qualifying stages as normal. The allocation of slots for each confederation was discussed by the FIFA Executive Committee on 30 May 2015 in Zürich after the FIFA Congress. The committee decided that the same allocation as 2006 would be kept",
"title": "2022 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "17270928",
"text": "a FIFA event. For the 2026 FIFA World Cup, it has been confirmed that stadiums must have a capacity of at least 40,000 for group round matches and second round matches, 40,000 for quarter final and 60,000 for the semi-finals and at least 80,000 for the Opening Match and Final; none of the countries concerned have stadiums with such a capacity for the opening and final matches as of yet and the rules for 2030 have not been announced. There are no specific details of the venues that will be proposed by the \"Uruguay-Argentina\" or \"Uruguay-Argentina-Paraguay\" bid, but according to",
"title": "Uruguay–Argentina–Paraguay 2030 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "6859457",
"text": "in May 2017. Khalifa International Stadium Khalifa International Stadium (), also known as National Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Doha, Qatar as part of the Doha Sports City complex, which also includes Aspire Academy, Hamad Aquatic Centre, and the Aspire Tower. It is named after Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Qatar's former Emir. The final of 2011 AFC Asian Cup was held at this stadium. The stadium is also the first completed venue that will host a part of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. In 2017, it received a four star rating from the Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS),",
"title": "Khalifa International Stadium"
},
{
"id": "145452",
"text": "not have more Africans? The competition is to bring all the people of all the world. If you don't give the possibility to participate, they don't improve.\" In October 2016, FIFA president Gianni Infantino stated his support for a 48-team World Cup in 2026. On 10 January 2017, FIFA confirmed the 2026 World Cup will have 48 finalist teams. By May 2015, the games were under a particularly dark cloud because of the 2015 FIFA corruption case, allegations and criminal charges of bribery, fraud and money laundering to corrupt the issuing of media and marketing rights (rigged bids) for FIFA",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "14582363",
"text": "bid committee also includes RFU CEO Alexey Sorokin and Alexander Djordjadze as the Director of Bid Planning and Operations. In October 2010, Russia formally pulled out of the race to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. On December 2, 2010 Russia was chosen as the host country for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Fourteen cities are included in the current proposal, which divides them into 6 different clusters: one in the north, centered on St. Petersburg, a central cluster, centered on Moscow, a southern cluster, centered on Sochi, and the Volga River cluster. Only one city beyond the Ural Mountains",
"title": "Russia 2018 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "7584336",
"text": "banned in 2002), because there was only one organizing committee per joint bid, unlike Korea–Japan, which had two different organizing committees. Countries that announced their interest included Australia, England, Indonesia, Japan, Qatar, Russia, South Korea, United States, the joint bid of Spain and Portugal and the joint bid of Belgium and Netherlands. The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country",
"title": "FIFA World Cup hosts"
},
{
"id": "2395027",
"text": "was won by Manchester United 5-3. On July 26, 2017, Manchester United played F.C. Barcelona again at the FedExField as part of International Champions Cup. This time the Catalan club secured a narrow 1-0 victory over Manchester United in front of 80,162 fans, with Neymar's last goal for F.C. Barcelona being the difference. On August 4, 2018, FedEx Field hosted a 2018 International Champions Cup match between Real Madrid and Juventus. Real Madrid won 3-1. FedExField is currently being considered as a 2026 FIFA World Cup venue. It is currently up against 16 other venues around the United States, including",
"title": "FedExField"
},
{
"id": "7755926",
"text": "Morocco until it was stripped of its hosting rights. It was one of the venues in Morocco's failed bid for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It would've hosted the Quarter-Finals if Morocco had been awarded the World Cup. Stade Ibn Batouta Stade Ibn Batouta () is a multi-use stadium in Tangier, Morocco. It is used mostly for football matches and big events as ceremonies or concerts. The stadium has a capacity of 45,000 people. It serves as the new home of IR Tanger, replacing the former Stade de Marchan. Named after Ibn Battuta. It was inaugurated on April 26, 2011.",
"title": "Stade Ibn Batouta"
},
{
"id": "20097556",
"text": "at least 80,000 for the opening match and the final. On September 7, 2017, the United Bid Committee announced that a total of 41 cities (with 44 venues) had submitted bids marking their official declaration of interest to be included in the final bid: Almost a month later, on October 4, 2017, the list of cities was cut down to 32 with 35 venues. During U.S. Soccer's annual general meeting in Orlando in February 2018, Gulati revealed that the list of cities had been cut down to 26 with 29 venues. On March 14, 2018, Vancouver, Minneapolis and Chicago all",
"title": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "17724710",
"text": "qualify for the final tournament. In addition to Peru who qualifies automatically as hosts, 23 other teams qualify from six separate continental competitions. The slot allocation was approved by the FIFA Council on 10 June 2018. Lima, Piura, Tacna and Trujillo were appointed by the Peruvian Football Federation to host the tournament. Other two venues or more will be chosen soon, Chiclayo, Ica, Tarapoto, Moquegua and Chimbote are likely to be considered venues as well. The emblem, slogan and mascot will be unveiled in Spring 2019. The official song will be released in May 2019. The official match ball will",
"title": "2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup"
},
{
"id": "20097561",
"text": "city councillors Mark Grimes and Cesar Palacio support the bid, as well as Mayor John Tory. Montreal Mayor Valérie Plante supports it. U.S. President Donald Trump, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, and Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto also all support the bid for 2026 FIFA World Cup. On March 13, 2018, Canadian Minister of Sport Kirsty Duncan announced in Ottawa the Canadian federal government officially threw its support behind the North American bid for the 2026 World Cup, with the promise of up to $5 million in immediate help should the unified bid win. The bid is branded \"United 2026\",",
"title": "United 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "7584342",
"text": "members of the Argentine Football Association and Uruguayan Football Association into a proposed joint bid from Uruguay and Argentina. The second bid has been a proposed bid by The Football Association of England. Under FIFA rules as of 2017, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC) because the Asian Football Confederation is excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022. Also in June 2017, UEFA's president Aleksander Čeferin stated that Europe (UEFA) will definitely fight for its right to host the 2030 World Cup. The Uruguay–Argentina proposed bid would not coincide with the centennial",
"title": "FIFA World Cup hosts"
},
{
"id": "19758249",
"text": "to be accepted. The OCA originally planned to choose the 2026 host city in 2018, but brought the planning date forward due to the intensity of the region's sporting calendar, including the next three Olympic Games between 2018 and 2022. The city of Nagoya received an estimate of roughly ¥85 billion in costs from the Aichi Prefecture government for the event, 30% of which is expected to be covered by sponsorships and other revenue, while the remainder is planned to be split on a 70–30 basis between Nagoya and Aichi Prefecture. The Games are planned to use existing facilities. Paloma",
"title": "2026 Asian Games"
},
{
"id": "5438116",
"text": "bid: Spain would lead a twelve-stadium project with eight of the venues, and the opening and final games would be held in Lisbon and Madrid, respectively. Spain has previously hosted the 1982 World Cup, while Portugal organised the Euro 2004. Russia announced its intent to bid in early 2009, and submitted its request to FIFA in time. Russia's President Vladimir Putin took a keen interest in the bid and ordered Vitaly Mutko, the Minister of Sports, to \"prepare a bid for Russia to hold the 2018 World Cup\". According to a report earlier submitted by Vitaly Mutko, who also served",
"title": "2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "5438109",
"text": "Cup in 2018. In November 2009, the venues were presented. In Belgium, matches would have been played in 7 venues: Antwerp, Bruges, Brussels, Charleroi, Genk, Ghent and Liège. In the Netherlands, only five cities would host matches: Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Enschede, Heerenveen and Rotterdam, but both Amsterdam and Rotterdam would provide two stadiums. Eindhoven would function as the 'capital city' of the World Cup. Euro 2000 was also jointly hosted by Belgium and the Netherlands. On 31 October 2007, The Football Association officially announced its bid to host the event. On 24 April 2008 England finalised a 63-page bid to host",
"title": "2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "15120960",
"text": "However, FIFA general secretary Jérôme Valcke said that expansion in 2018 would be \"unlikely\", while Russian sports minister Vitaly Mutko said that the country was \"preparing on the basis that 32 teams will be taking part.\" Expansion was ultimately delayed until 10 January 2017, when the FIFA Council voted unanimously to expand to 48 teams starting in the 2026 FIFA World Cup. While all FIFA members entered the tournament, not all competed. Zimbabwe were expelled from the competition on 12 March 2015 for their failure to pay former coach José Claudinei a severance fee and Indonesia were excluded from the",
"title": "2018 FIFA World Cup qualification"
},
{
"id": "10056619",
"text": "complete a domestic treble with their win by virtue of winning the Supporters' Shield with an MLS record 69 points & the Canadian Championship combined. They also became the first Canadian team to win the MLS Cup. In 2017, BMO Field is listed as a potential venue for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. The Honda Indy Toronto is an IndyCar Series race, held annually in July on a temporary street circuit that runs through Exhibition Place and on Lake Shore Boulevard. The city has hosted the race for over thirty years and it is now IndyCar's second-longest running street race,",
"title": "Sports in Toronto"
},
{
"id": "17612477",
"text": "venues are within a one-hour flight of Casablanca. Another point is the suitable global time, because in Morocco the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the local time and therefore a large number of countries can watch the live transmission of the games in a suitable time. Finally the proximity to Europe is a good advantage for a large number of European supporters. However, multiple risks exist for FIFA with the bid. In its evaluation report, Morocco received high risk options for stadiums, accommodation and transportation. Overall the bid was labelled as high risk and the United joint bid was rated",
"title": "2026 FIFA World Cup bids"
},
{
"id": "7755908",
"text": "Cup of Nations. It is one of the 14 venues for Morocco's bid for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, it will host the Quarters-Finals if Morocco is awarded for the World Cup. The stadium was inaugurated on October 11, 2013, with a friendly match between local side Hassania Agadir and Algerian club JS Kabylie. Hassania's Saad Lemti scored the first goal in the stadium in the 76th minute of the match, as the hosts went on to win the match 1-0. Stade Adrar Adrar Stadium (Berber language: Annar Adrar) is a multi-use stadium in Agadir, Morocco, that was inaugurated in",
"title": "Stade Adrar"
},
{
"id": "7584334",
"text": "as a host. Brazil was the only nation to submit a formal bid when the official bidding procedure for CONMEBOL member associations was opened in December 2006, as by that time, Colombia, Chile and Argentina had already withdrawn, and Venezuela was not allowed to bid. Brazil made the first unopposed bid since the initial selection of the 1986 FIFA World Cup (when Colombia was selected as host, but later withdrew for financial problems). The FIFA Executive Committee confirmed it as the host country on 30 October 2007 by a unanimous decision. Result: 2018 Bids: 2022 Bids: FIFA announced on 29",
"title": "FIFA World Cup hosts"
},
{
"id": "7835147",
"text": "of women’s soccer in the United States and Canada. Montreal is one of the Canadian candidate cities to host matches during the 2026 FIFA World Cup. Montreal has become one of the top boxing cities in the world, hosting the third most events in North America, only behind Atlantic City and Las Vegas. The city also currently has two world champions in Jean Pascal and Lucian Bute as well as a number of top contenders such as Herman Ngoudjo, Joachim Alcine, Adrian Diaconu and Sebastian Demers. The Canada Masters, currently sponsored as the Rogers Cup, is an annual tennis tournament",
"title": "Sports in Montreal"
},
{
"id": "20296441",
"text": "country after the 2022 tournament in Qatar, as well as the first time in North Africa. Bidding for the 2026 FIFA World Cup was postponed due to the 2015 FIFA corruption case and the subsequent resignation of Sepp Blatter, then it was restarted following the FIFA Council meeting on 10 May 2016, wherein the bidding process will consist of four phases: With no rival bid having emerged since April 2017, the CONCACAF member federations of Canada, Mexico and the United States sent a joint request to FIFA to hasten the bid process. Canada, Mexico and the United States wanted FIFA",
"title": "Morocco 2026 FIFA World Cup bid"
},
{
"id": "17078389",
"text": "2026 Winter Olympics The 2026 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XXV Olympic Winter Games, is an international multi-sport event to be organised in a city designated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The host city was originally supposed to be selected at the 134th IOC Session on 11 September 2019 in Milan, Italy. However, after Italy submitted a bid for the games that included Milan, IOC rules required that the election be moved. Therefore, the election will be held in Lausanne, Switzerland, home of the IOC headquarters, on 23 June 2019. The IOC Executive Board met in Lausanne to",
"title": "2026 Winter Olympics"
}
] | who is going to host world cup 2026 |
[
"Brooklyn",
"Queens",
"the Bronx",
"Staten Island",
"Manhattan"
] | [
{
"id": "7817279",
"text": "Boroughs of New York City New York City encompasses five county-level administrative divisions called \"boroughs\": Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island. All boroughs are part of New York City, and each of the boroughs is coextensive with a respective county, the primary administrative subdivision within New York State. Queens and The Bronx are concurrent with the counties of the same name, while Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island correspond to New York, Kings, and Richmond Counties respectively. Boroughs have existed since the consolidation of the city in 1898, when the city and each borough assumed their current boundaries. However,",
"title": "Boroughs of New York City"
},
{
"id": "7817290",
"text": "River, and during the Dutch colonial era, was under the jurisdiction of New Amsterdam and known as Bergen. Jersey City and Hoboken in Hudson County, New Jersey, are sometimes referred to as the sixth borough, given their proximity and connections by rapid transit PATH trains. Fort Lee, New Jersey, in Bergen County, opposite Upper Manhattan and connected by the George Washington Bridge, has also been called the sixth borough. Miami and nearby areas in Florida, Philadelphia and China are locales entirely outside the city's metropolitan area which have been called New York City's sixth borough. Boroughs of New York City",
"title": "Boroughs of New York City"
},
{
"id": "8309110",
"text": "Neighborhoods in New York City The neighborhoods in New York City are located within the five boroughs of the City of New York. Their names and borders are not officially defined, and they change from time to time. New York City is split up into five boroughs, which are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough has the same boundaries as a county of the state. The county governments were dissolved when the city consolidated in 1898, along with all city, town, and village governments within each county. The term \"borough\" was adopted to describe a unique",
"title": "Neighborhoods in New York City"
},
{
"id": "8309111",
"text": "form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Neighborhoods in New York City The neighborhoods in New York City are located within the five boroughs of the City of New York. Their names and borders are not officially defined, and they change from time to time. New York City is split up into five boroughs, which are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough has the same boundaries as a county of the state. The county governments were dissolved when the city consolidated in 1898, along with all",
"title": "Neighborhoods in New York City"
},
{
"id": "7817284",
"text": "form the new Nassau County. The borough of Staten Island, concurrent with Richmond County, was officially the borough of Richmond until the name was changed in 1975 to reflect its common appellation, while leaving the name of the county unchanged. There are throughout the five boroughs of New York City, many with a definable history and character to call their own. Since 1914, each of New York City's five boroughs has been coextensive with a county of New York State – unlike most U.S. cities, which lie within a single county or extend partially into another county, constitute a county",
"title": "Boroughs of New York City"
},
{
"id": "6795498",
"text": "of the Staten Island Greenbelt. New York New Jersey New York City comprises five boroughs, an unusual form of government used to administer the five constituent counties that make up the city. Throughout the boroughs there are hundreds of distinct , many with a definable history and character all their own. If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States. Although it is not in the subtropics and its winters are cold, New York has a humid subtropical climate according",
"title": "Geography of New York City"
},
{
"id": "7817282",
"text": "the term is used to refer to New York City as a whole unambiguously, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New York metropolitan area. The term is also used by politicians to counter a frequent focus on Manhattan and thereby to place all five boroughs on equal footing. In the same vein, the term \"outer boroughs\" refers to all of the boroughs excluding Manhattan, even though the geographic center of the city is along the Brooklyn–Queens border. All five boroughs were created in 1898 during consolidation, when the city's current boundaries were established. The Bronx originally",
"title": "Boroughs of New York City"
},
{
"id": "33865",
"text": "The Bronx The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, in the U.S. state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; northeast and east of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of Queens, across the East River. Since 1914, the borough has had the same boundaries as Bronx County, the third-most densely populated county in the United States. The Bronx has a land area of and a population of 1,471,160 in 2017. Of the five boroughs, it has the fourth-largest area, fourth-highest population, and third-highest population density. It is the only borough",
"title": "The Bronx"
},
{
"id": "7817285",
"text": "in themselves, or are completely separate and independent of any county. Each borough is represented by a borough president. Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island each have a Borough Hall with limited administrative functions. The Manhattan Borough President's office is situated in the Manhattan Municipal Building. The Bronx Borough President's office used to be in its own Bronx Borough Hall but has been in the Bronx County Courthouse for decades. Since the abolition of the Board of Estimate in 1990 (due to a 1989 ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court), the borough presidents have minimal executive powers, and there is no",
"title": "Boroughs of New York City"
},
{
"id": "7817289",
"text": "New York City because of their geographic location, demographics (they include large numbers of former New Yorkers), special affiliation, or cosmopolitan character. They have included adjacent cities and counties in the New York metropolitan area as well as in other states, U.S. territories, and foreign countries. In 2011, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg referred to the city's waterfront and waterways as a composite sixth borough during presentations of planned rehabilitation projects along the city's shoreline, including Governor's Island in the Upper New York Bay. The Hudson Waterfront in the U.S. state of New Jersey lies opposite Manhattan on the Hudson",
"title": "Boroughs of New York City"
},
{
"id": "6235292",
"text": "Kings County, New York County, Queens County, Bronx County, and Richmond County, respectively. There are no county governments within New York City for legislative or executive purposes. The powers of the boroughs are inferior to the powers of the citywide government, but each borough elects a borough president, who in turn appoints some members of local community boards (see Government of New York City). The boroughs of New York City are generally treated as separate counties for judicial purposes and for some legal filings. Boroughs do not exist in any other part of the state of New York. In Pennsylvania's",
"title": "Borough (United States)"
},
{
"id": "3105163",
"text": "estimated 20,320,876 people in its 2017 Metropolitan Statistical Area and 23,876,155 residents in its Combined Statistical Area. A global power city, New York City has been described uniquely as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, art, fashion, and sports. The city's fast pace has inspired the term \"New York minute\". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy. Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each",
"title": "New York City"
},
{
"id": "3105207",
"text": "near the city, which would be more likely to cause damage to taller structures from an earthquake in the vicinity of the city. is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs, and in turn, there are throughout the boroughs, many with a definable history and character to call their own. If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States (Staten island would be ranked 37th) ; these same boroughs are coterminous with the four most densely populated counties in",
"title": "New York City"
},
{
"id": "7817281",
"text": "1898. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a \"borough\" is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the borough governments are inferior to the authority of the Government of New York City, contrasting significantly with other borough administrations of government used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as borough forms used in other states and in Greater London. New York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs;",
"title": "Boroughs of New York City"
},
{
"id": "563760",
"text": "Queens Queens is the easternmost and largest in area of the five boroughs of New York City. It is geographically adjacent to the borough of Brooklyn at the southwestern end of Long Island and to Nassau County farther east on Long Island; in addition, Queens shares water borders with the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. Coterminous with Queens County since 1899, the borough of Queens is the second-largest in population (after Brooklyn), with a census-estimated 2,358,582 residents in 2017, approximately 48% of them foreign-born. Queens County also is the second-most populous county in the U.S. state of New York,",
"title": "Queens"
},
{
"id": "9238063",
"text": "City is divided into five boroughs, each coterminous with a county. Downstate New York (New York City, Long Island, and the southern portion of the Hudson Valley) can be considered to form the central core of the Northeast megalopolis, an urbanized region stretching from New Hampshire to Virginia. The major cities of the state developed along the key transportation and trade routes of the early 19th century, including the Erie Canal and railroads paralleling it. Today, the New York Thruway acts as a modern counterpart to commercial water routes. The nation's most populous state until the 1960s, New York is",
"title": "New York (state)"
},
{
"id": "3105164",
"text": "of which is a separate county of the State of New York. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. New York City is home to more than 3.2 million residents born outside the United States, the largest foreign-born population of any city in the world. In 2017, the New",
"title": "New York City"
},
{
"id": "2079959",
"text": "eight subregions are often further divided. For instance, Long Island can be divided into its South and North Shores (usually when speaking about Nassau County and western Suffolk County) and the East End. The Hudson Valley and Connecticut are sometimes grouped together and referred to as the Northern Suburbs, largely because of the shared usage of the Metro-North Railroad system. The geographical, cultural, and economic center of the metropolitan area is New York City, which consists of five boroughs, each of which is also a county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and",
"title": "New York metropolitan area"
},
{
"id": "18659776",
"text": "Sixth borough The term sixth borough is used to describe any of a number of places that are not politically within the borders of any of the five boroughs of New York City that have instead been referred to as a metaphorical part of the city by virtue of their geographic location, demographic composition, special affiliation with New York City, or cosmopolitan character. They include adjacent cities and counties in the New York metropolitan area as well as in other states, U.S. territories, and foreign countries. The Westchester County cities of Yonkers and Mount Vernon directly border the northern part",
"title": "Sixth borough"
},
{
"id": "7817280",
"text": "the boroughs have not always been coextensive with their respective counties. Before 1914, the borough of The Bronx had been earlier in the southern part of Westchester County which had then been annexed to New York County in two stages in 1874 and 1895—finally, in 1914 the county was created to match the borough. Before 1899, the County of Queens included an eastern part, which was split-off during the consolidation to become Nassau County. The term \"borough\" was adopted to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city in",
"title": "Boroughs of New York City"
},
{
"id": "2079989",
"text": "passed through ports in New York or in one of the surrounding towns. The five boroughs of New York City — The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island — were consolidated into a single city in 1898. The newly unified New York City encouraged both more physical connections between the boroughs and the growth of bedroom communities. The New York City Subway began operating in 1904 as the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, one of three systems (the other two being the Brooklyn-Manhattan Transit Corporation and the Independent Subway System) that were later taken over by the city. Railroad stations",
"title": "New York metropolitan area"
},
{
"id": "4905989",
"text": "9.1 million. While the city's projected 2030 population will be a new high, only two boroughs, Staten Island and Queens have reached their population peak every year for the last 5 years. The study projects that by 2030, Queens will have 2.57 million people and Staten Island 552,000. Manhattan, with 1.83 million, Bronx with 1.46 million and Brooklyn with 2.72 million, will still be below their population peaks. On March 27, 2011, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg announced that the city would file a formal challenge to the Census results, as a result of alleged undercounting in the boroughs",
"title": "Demographics of New York City"
},
{
"id": "1164902",
"text": "Staten Island Staten Island is the southernmost and westernmost of the five boroughs of New York City in the U.S. state of New York. Located in the southwest portion of the city, Staten Island is the southernmost part of both the city and state of New York, with Conference House Park located at the southern tip of the island. The borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull, and from the rest of New York by New York Bay. With a 2017 Census–estimated population of 479,458 Staten Island is the least populated of",
"title": "Staten Island"
},
{
"id": "6235291",
"text": "1974. In New Jersey, boroughs are independent municipalities and are one of five types of municipal government, each operating separately at the equivalent level of the other four types of municipal government available in New Jersey: Township, Town, City, and Village. Many boroughs were formed out of larger townships, but even in such cases there is no continuing link between the borough and the township. Most boroughs were formed during the Boroughitis phenomenon of the mid-1890s. New York City is divided into five boroughs: Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Each of these is coterminous with a county:",
"title": "Borough (United States)"
},
{
"id": "560996",
"text": "Manhattan Manhattan (), often referred to locally as the City, is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, cultural identifier, and historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York. The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River. Manhattan Island is divided",
"title": "Manhattan"
},
{
"id": "9238053",
"text": "which extends into Ohio and Pennsylvania. Of New York State's total area, 13.6% consists of water. Much of New York's boundaries are in water, as is true for New York City: four of its five boroughs are situated on three islands at the mouth of the Hudson River: Manhattan Island; Staten Island; and Long Island, which contains Brooklyn and Queens at its western end. The state's borders include a water boundary in (clockwise from the west) two Great Lakes (Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, which are connected by the Niagara River); the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in Canada, with",
"title": "New York (state)"
},
{
"id": "19294443",
"text": "powered by an overwhelmingly lopsided victory in the massively populated five boroughs of New York City, the largest city in the United States, despite Donald Trump's longtime popular cultural association with the city. In New York City, Hillary Clinton received 2,164,575 votes (79.0% of the vote) compared with only 494,549 votes (18.0% of the vote) for Donald Trump. This represented a slight fall from Barack Obama's historic 81.2% in the city in 2012, and the borough of Staten Island flipped from Obama to Trump, however Trump's percentage was virtually unchanged from Romney's 17.8%, and with huge victories in four boroughs",
"title": "2016 United States presidential election in New York"
},
{
"id": "563835",
"text": "with his Aunt May and Uncle Ben. Queens Queens is the easternmost and largest in area of the five boroughs of New York City. It is geographically adjacent to the borough of Brooklyn at the southwestern end of Long Island and to Nassau County farther east on Long Island; in addition, Queens shares water borders with the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. Coterminous with Queens County since 1899, the borough of Queens is the second-largest in population (after Brooklyn), with a census-estimated 2,358,582 residents in 2017, approximately 48% of them foreign-born. Queens County also is the second-most populous county",
"title": "Queens"
},
{
"id": "3975869",
"text": "New York City mayoral elections The Mayor of the City of New York is elected in early November every four years and takes office at the beginning of the following year. The city, which elects the mayor as its chief executive, consists of the five boroughs (Manhattan, The Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island), which consolidated to form \"Greater\" New York on January 1, 1898. The consolidated city's first mayor, Robert A. Van Wyck, was elected with other municipal officers in November 1897. Mayoral elections had previously been held since 1834 by the City of Brooklyn and the smaller, unconsolidated",
"title": "New York City mayoral elections"
},
{
"id": "4870860",
"text": "Area code 917 Area code 917 is an area code for all five boroughs of New York City (The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island). It was the first cellular/pager/voicemail area code for the city and is an overlay to Manhattan's 212/646/332 and the other four boroughs' 718/347/929. Occasionally, 917 is also assigned to landlines, most commonly in Manhattan, in large part because of the particularly severe shortage of numbers there. Introduced on February 4, 1992, area code 917 is the first overlay area code in the North American Numbering Plan. When it was established, all cellphones in New",
"title": "Area code 917"
},
{
"id": "4905981",
"text": "in the 1900s. According to the 2006–2008 American Community Survey, the top ten White, European ancestries were the following: Other smaller European ancestries include: According to a 2001 study by Claritas, four of the city's five boroughs ranked among the nation's twenty most diverse counties. Queens ranked 1st, Brooklyn 3rd, Manhattan 7th, and The Bronx 17th. In addition, Hudson County and Essex County, New Jersey, both of which are part of the New York Metropolitan Area, ranked 6th and 15th, respectively. The city has several demographically unique characteristics. Queens is the only large county in the United States where the",
"title": "Demographics of New York City"
},
{
"id": "4247704",
"text": "North Bronx The North Bronx is the northern section of the Bronx, one of the five boroughs of New York city. It is bordered by Westchester County to the North, the South Bronx to the south, the Hudson River to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The western part is more urbanized and hilly than its eastern counterpart, just like the rest of the borough. Despite being recognized as different from the South Bronx, the actual borders of the North Bronx is undefined. One commonly set border is Fordham Road/Pelham Parkway, the upper limit for widespread poverty",
"title": "North Bronx"
},
{
"id": "563761",
"text": "behind the neighboring borough of Brooklyn, which is coterminous with Kings County. Queens is the fourth-most densely populated county among New York City's boroughs, as well as in the United States. If each of New York City's boroughs were an independent city, Queens also would be the nation's fourth most populous, after Los Angeles in California, Chicago in Illinois and Brooklyn. Queens is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world. Queens was established in 1683 as one of the original 12 counties of New York. The settlement was presumably named for the English queen Catherine of Braganza (1638–1705).",
"title": "Queens"
},
{
"id": "7817287",
"text": "individual county, each borough also elects a district attorney, as does every other county of New York State. While the district attorneys of Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island are popularly referred to as such by the media (e.g., \"Manhattan D.A. Cyrus Vance, Jr.\", or \"Brooklyn D.A. Kenneth P. Thompson\"), they are technically and legally the district attorneys of New York County, Kings County and Richmond County, respectively. There is no such distinction made for the district attorneys of the other two counties, Queens and the Bronx, since these boroughs share the respective counties' names. Because the five district attorneys are,",
"title": "Boroughs of New York City"
},
{
"id": "6795495",
"text": "Bronx and Manhattan from Northern New Jersey. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates Manhattan from the Bronx. The boroughs of New York City straddle the border between two geologic provinces of eastern North America. Brooklyn and Queens, located on Long Island, are part of the eastern coastal plain. Long Island is a massive moraine which formed at the southern fringe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last Ice Age. The Bronx and Manhattan lie on the eastern edge of the Newark Basin, a block of the Earth's crust which sank downward during",
"title": "Geography of New York City"
},
{
"id": "579360",
"text": "Brooklyn Brooklyn () is the most populous borough of New York City, with a census-estimated 2,648,771 residents in 2017. Named after the Dutch village of Breukelen, it borders the borough of Queens, at the western end of Long Island. Brooklyn also has several bridge connections to the boroughs of Manhattan (across the East River) and Staten Island (across the Verrazzano Narrows Bridge). Since 1896, the borough has been coterminous with Kings County, the most populous county in the U.S. state of New York and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, after the county of New York (which",
"title": "Brooklyn"
},
{
"id": "7817283",
"text": "included parts of New York County outside of Manhattan that had previously been ceded by neighboring Westchester County in two stages; in 1874 and then following a referendum in 1894. Ultimately in 1914, the present-day separate Bronx County became the last county to be created in the State of New York. The borough of Queens consists of what formerly was only the western part of a then-larger Queens County. In 1899, the three eastern towns of Queens County that had not joined the city the year before—the towns of Hempstead, North Hempstead, and Oyster Bay—formally seceded from Queens County to",
"title": "Boroughs of New York City"
},
{
"id": "2079995",
"text": "from another such event in the future. The U.S. Census Bureau first designated metropolitan areas in 1950 as standard metropolitan areas (SMAs). The \"New York–Northeastern NJ SMA\" was defined to include 17 counties: 9 in New York (the five boroughs of New York City, Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, and Rockland) and 8 in New Jersey (Bergen, Hudson, Passaic, Essex, Union, Morris, Somerset, and Middlesex). In 1960, the metropolitan area standards were modified and renamed standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs). The new standards resulted in the splitting of the former SMA into several pieces: the nine New York counties became the \"New",
"title": "New York metropolitan area"
},
{
"id": "2821870",
"text": "of two city courts and three state courts. New York City government employs 325,000 people, more than any other city in the United States and more than any U.S. state but three: California, Texas, and New York. The city government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services. New York City's political geography is unique, consisting of five boroughs, each coterminous with one of five counties of New York State: Brooklyn is Kings County, the Bronx is Bronx County, Manhattan is New York County, Queens is Queens County, and Staten Island",
"title": "Government of New York City"
},
{
"id": "4905990",
"text": "of Queens and Brooklyn. The mayor has asserted that the numbers for Queens and Brooklyn, the two most populous boroughs, are implausible. According to the Census, they grew by only 0.1% and 1.6%, respectively, while the other boroughs grew by between 3% and 5%. In addition, the Mayor claims, the census showed improbably high amounts of vacant housing in vital neighborhoods such as Jackson Heights, Queens. Click here to view the density of New York City as an interactive map of the 1900 census, shortly after municipal consolidation of the five boroughs in 1898. According to the 2010 United States",
"title": "Demographics of New York City"
},
{
"id": "3918123",
"text": "also got its name after a farmer, a Mr. Bronck of Swedish origin. Isola (fictional city) Isola is a section of a fictional city that is the setting for the \"87th Precinct\" series of police procedural novels written by Ed McBain (pseudonym of Evan Hunter). The city, which is never named in any of the books, is based on New York City, and similarly, has five sections, corresponding with the five boroughs of New York: Isola (Manhattan), Bethtown (Staten Island), Calm's Point (Brooklyn), Majesta (Queens), and Riverhead (Bronx). It has two major rivers, the Harb and the Dix, which inexplicably",
"title": "Isola (fictional city)"
},
{
"id": "4474046",
"text": "Pleasant Plains, Staten Island Pleasant Plains is a neighborhood located on Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, New York, the most populous city in the United States. It is bordered by Woodrow to the north, the Lower New York Bay to the south, Richmond Valley to the west, and Prince's Bay to the east. The neighborhood is represented in the New York City Council by Joe Borelli. Situated on the island's South Shore, Pleasant Plains has a population of 5,000 according to the 2000 census. It was named by officials of the Staten Island Railroad",
"title": "Pleasant Plains, Staten Island"
},
{
"id": "4474053",
"text": "Pleasant Plains, Staten Island Pleasant Plains is a neighborhood located on Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, New York, the most populous city in the United States. It is bordered by Woodrow to the north, the Lower New York Bay to the south, Richmond Valley to the west, and Prince's Bay to the east. The neighborhood is represented in the New York City Council by Joe Borelli. Situated on the island's South Shore, Pleasant Plains has a population of 5,000 according to the 2000 census. It was named by officials of the Staten Island Railroad",
"title": "Pleasant Plains, Staten Island"
},
{
"id": "3918121",
"text": "Isola (fictional city) Isola is a section of a fictional city that is the setting for the \"87th Precinct\" series of police procedural novels written by Ed McBain (pseudonym of Evan Hunter). The city, which is never named in any of the books, is based on New York City, and similarly, has five sections, corresponding with the five boroughs of New York: Isola (Manhattan), Bethtown (Staten Island), Calm's Point (Brooklyn), Majesta (Queens), and Riverhead (Bronx). It has two major rivers, the Harb and the Dix, which inexplicably flow in a westerly direction despite the fact that Isola is on the",
"title": "Isola (fictional city)"
},
{
"id": "561101",
"text": "since 2010. Manhattan has ten City Council members, the third largest contingent among the five boroughs. It also has twelve administrative districts, each served by a local Community Board. Community Boards are representative bodies that field complaints and serve as advocates for local residents. As the host of the United Nations, the borough is home to the world's largest international consular corps, comprising 105 consulates, consulates general and honorary consulates. It is also the home of New York City Hall, the seat of New York City government housing the Mayor of New York City and the New York City Council.",
"title": "Manhattan"
},
{
"id": "9238068",
"text": "state's population. These are the ten counties with the largest populations : There are 62 cities in New York. The largest city in the state and the most populous city in the United States is New York City, which comprises five counties (each coextensive with a borough): Bronx, New York County (Manhattan), Queens, Kings County (Brooklyn), and Richmond County (Staten Island). New York City is home to more than two-fifths of the state's population. Albany, the state capital, is the sixth-largest city in New York State. The smallest city is Sherrill, New York, in Oneida County. Hempstead is the most",
"title": "New York (state)"
},
{
"id": "9689966",
"text": "extends into Canada, where it drains into the Richelieu River and then the St. Lawrence. Four of New York City's five boroughs are on the three islands at the mouth of the Hudson River: Manhattan Island, Staten Island, and Brooklyn and Queens on Long Island New York is awesome . \"Upstate\" is a common term for New York counties north of suburban Westchester, Rockland and Dutchess counties. Upstate New York typically includes the Catskill Mountains or areas North of the Catskill Mountains, the Capital district, The Adirondacks, the Erie Canal, Lake Champlain, Otsego Lake, Oneida Lake; rivers such as the",
"title": "Geography of New York (state)"
},
{
"id": "561127",
"text": "Being primarily an island, Manhattan is linked to New York City's outer boroughs by numerous bridges, of various sizes. Manhattan has fixed highway connections with New Jersey to its west by way of the George Washington Bridge, the Holland Tunnel, and the Lincoln Tunnel, and to three of the four other New York City boroughs—the Bronx to the northeast, and Brooklyn and Queens (both on Long Island) to the east and south. Its only direct connection with the fifth New York City borough, Staten Island, is the Staten Island Ferry across New York Harbor, which is free of charge. The",
"title": "Manhattan"
},
{
"id": "33886",
"text": "buildings.<ref>For an example of this argument, as well as of several other theses mentioned here, see \"When the Bronx was burning\" \"City-data\" forum (blog), 2007, where rubygreta writes: The Bronx The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, in the U.S. state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; northeast and east of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of Queens, across the East River. Since 1914, the borough has had the same boundaries as Bronx County, the third-most densely populated county in the United States. The Bronx has a land area",
"title": "The Bronx"
},
{
"id": "2516428",
"text": "of the five boroughs of the city is coextensive with a county of the state of New York. Under the New York State's General Municipal Law, a borough results when the towns, villages and cities in a county merge with the county itself. This occurred in 1898 when the city merged with surrounding counties, cities and towns to form its present configuration. The five boroughs are: The boroughs were originally intended to retain some local governance in the consolidated city. Each borough individually elects a borough president and used to elect two at-large city council members, in addition to those",
"title": "Administrative divisions of New York (state)"
},
{
"id": "4466589",
"text": "Huguenot, Staten Island Huguenot is the name of a neighborhood located on the South Shore, Staten Island , Staten Island is one of the five boroughs of New York City, United States. In recent years it has become increasingly customary to refer to the western part of Huguenot as a separate neighborhood called Woodrow. Originally named \"Bloomingview\", its present name is derived from the Huguenots, led by Daniel Perrin, who settled in the area during the late 17th and early 18th centuries to escape religious persecution. Huguenot is bordered by Arden Heights to the north, Woodrow to the west, Prince's",
"title": "Huguenot, Staten Island"
},
{
"id": "8455184",
"text": "According to the 2010 Census, 48.0% of the population was non-Hispanic White, 12.9% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 0.1% non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native, 11.2% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.3% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 1.9% of two or more races (non-Hispanic). 25.4% of Manhattan's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race). Manhattan has the second highest percentage of non-Hispanic Whites (48%) of New York City's boroughs, after Staten Island (where non-Hispanic Whites make 64.0% of the residents). In the 2000 census, there were 1,537,195 people, 738,644 households, and 302,105 families residing in",
"title": "Demographics of Manhattan"
},
{
"id": "3105306",
"text": "million, to reduce traffic collisions and increase pedestrian safety. In New York City, therefore, all turns at red lights are illegal unless a sign permitting such maneuvers is present. New York City is located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are (primarily) coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and The Bronx is located at the southern tip of New York State's mainland. This situation of boroughs separated by water led to the development of",
"title": "New York City"
},
{
"id": "3975893",
"text": "787,835 Manhattan-Koch-115,251 65.2%; Cuomo—61,570 34.8% Bronx-----Koch-69,612 55.7%; Cuomo—55,355 44.3% Brooklyn—Koch-131,271 53.8%; Cuomo—112,587 46.2% Queens----Koch-107,033 50.4%; Cuomo—105,522 49.6% Staten----Koch-9,835 33.1%; Cuomo—19,799 66.9% Note that the eventual winner, Rep. Ed Koch, could not win a plurality in any of the Five Boroughs for the initial Democratic primary. Rep. Bella Abzug took Manhattan, Mayor Abe Beame Brooklyn, Rep. Herman Badillo the Bronx, and NY Sec. of State Mario Cuomo Queens & Staten Island. In the Democratic run-off with Cuomo, Koch took Queens and three other boroughs, leaving Cuomo with only Staten Island. In the general election, Cuomo kept Staten Island and won back",
"title": "New York City mayoral elections"
},
{
"id": "4412407",
"text": "Area codes 212, 646, and 332 Area codes 212, 646 and 332 are area codes for most of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. By area, it is one of the smallest numbering plan areas in the North American Numbering Plan. These area codes are overlaid by area code 917, which covers the entirety of New York City. Area code 212 is one of the original 86 area codes assigned by AT&T in 1947, and served the entire five boroughs of New York City. On February 1, 1984, in response to a request from New York Telephone, the",
"title": "Area codes 212, 646, and 332"
},
{
"id": "8572943",
"text": "Demographics of Staten Island Richmond County, also known as Staten Island is a borough of New York City, New York, United States. Staten Island is the least populated of the five boroughs with 468,730 people but is the third largest in area at . According to the 2010 Census, there were 468,730 people living in Staten Island, which is an increase of 5.6% since the 2000 Census. According to the 2010 Census, 64.0% of the population was non-Hispanic White, 9.5% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 0.0% non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native, 7.4% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.2% from some other race",
"title": "Demographics of Staten Island"
},
{
"id": "4247712",
"text": "world. North Bronx The North Bronx is the northern section of the Bronx, one of the five boroughs of New York city. It is bordered by Westchester County to the North, the South Bronx to the south, the Hudson River to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The western part is more urbanized and hilly than its eastern counterpart, just like the rest of the borough. Despite being recognized as different from the South Bronx, the actual borders of the North Bronx is undefined. One commonly set border is Fordham Road/Pelham Parkway, the upper limit for widespread",
"title": "North Bronx"
},
{
"id": "7817288",
"text": "technically speaking, state officials (since the counties are considered to be arms of the state government), rather than officials of the city government, they are not subject to the term limitations that govern other New York City officials such as the mayor, the New York City Public Advocate, members of the city council, or the borough presidents. Some civil court judges also are elected on a borough-wide basis, although they generally are eligible to serve throughout the city. The term sixth borough is used to describe any of a number of places that have been metaphorically called a part of",
"title": "Boroughs of New York City"
},
{
"id": "563762",
"text": "Queens became a borough during the consolidation of New York City in 1898, and from 1683 until 1899, the County of Queens included what is now Nassau County. Queens has the most diversified economy of the five boroughs of New York City. It is home to John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport, both among the world's busiest, which in turn makes the airspace above Queens among the busiest in the United States. Landmarks in Queens include Flushing Meadows–Corona Park; Citi Field, home to the New York Mets baseball team; the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, site",
"title": "Queens"
},
{
"id": "1164929",
"text": "include a bird-nesting island, public roads, boardwalks, soccer and baseball fields, bridle paths, and a 5,000-seat stadium. Today, freshwater and tidal wetlands, fields, birch thickets, and a coastal oak maritime forest, as well as areas dominated by non-native plant species, are all within the boundaries of Fresh Kills. Staten Island Staten Island is the southernmost and westernmost of the five boroughs of New York City in the U.S. state of New York. Located in the southwest portion of the city, Staten Island is the southernmost part of both the city and state of New York, with Conference House Park located",
"title": "Staten Island"
},
{
"id": "8569866",
"text": "Demographics of Queens The demographics of Queens, the second-most populous borough in New York City, are highly diverse. No racial or ethnic group holds a 50% majority in the borough. Coterminous with Queens County since 1899, the borough of Queens is the second-largest in population (behind Brooklyn), with approximately 2.3 million residents in 2013, approximately 48% of them foreign-born; Queens County is also the second most populous county in New York State, behind neighboring Kings County, which is coterminous with the borough of Brooklyn. Queens is the fourth-most densely populated county among New York City's boroughs, as well as in",
"title": "Demographics of Queens"
},
{
"id": "3809268",
"text": "New York City Subway stations The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system that serves four of the five boroughs of New York City, New York: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens. Its operator is the New York City Transit Authority, which is itself controlled by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York. In 2015, an average of 5.65 million passengers used the system daily, making it the busiest rapid transit system in the United States and the seventh busiest in the world. The present New York City Subway system is composed of three formerly separate systems that",
"title": "New York City Subway stations"
},
{
"id": "2516427",
"text": "non-village town residents. This plan is voted upon by village voters only. About 15% of villages cross other municipal boundaries. More than 70 villages are located in two or more towns. Seven villages are in two counties. The village of Saranac Lake is in three towns and two counties. Five towns are coterminous with their single village and have a coterminous town-village form of government. Despite its name, Greenwich Village is not a village. A borough is one of the five major administrative divisions of the consolidated city of New York. Boroughs do not exist elsewhere in the state. Each",
"title": "Administrative divisions of New York (state)"
},
{
"id": "2165133",
"text": "to form the new municipal government originally called \"Greater New York\". The Borough of Brooklyn incorporated the independent City of Brooklyn, recently joined to Manhattan by the Brooklyn Bridge; the Borough of Queens was created from western Queens County (with the remnant established as Nassau County in 1899); and the Borough of Richmond contained all of Richmond County. Municipal governments contained within the boroughs were abolished, and the county governmental functions were absorbed by the city or each borough. In 1914, the New York State Legislature created Bronx County, making five counties coterminous with the five boroughs. The Bronx had",
"title": "History of New York City"
},
{
"id": "5210052",
"text": "Area codes 718, 347, and 929 North American area codes 718, 347, and 929 are New York City telephone area codes in the boroughs of The Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island, as well as the Marble Hill section of Manhattan. They are overlaid by area code 917, which covers the entirety of New York City. Until 1984, all of New York City had been served by area code 212 for 37 years. New York Telephone required a new area code to \"prevent an impending exhaustion of telephone numbers.\" On February 1, 1984, the New York Public Service Commission voted",
"title": "Area codes 718, 347, and 929"
},
{
"id": "6695380",
"text": "a downtown jail or dormitory was missed in canvassing. NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg held a conference on March 27, 2011, to announce that the city would also challenge his city's census results, specifically the apparent undercounting in the boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn. Bloomberg said that the numbers for Queens and Brooklyn, the two most populous boroughs, are implausible. According to the Census, they grew by only 0.1% and 1.6%, respectively, while the other boroughs grew by between 3% and 5%. He also stated that the census showed improbably high numbers of vacant housing in vital neighborhoods such as Jackson",
"title": "2010 United States Census"
},
{
"id": "2516408",
"text": "with the county boundaries — each have a Borough Board made up of the Borough President, the borough's district council members, and the chairpersons of the borough's community boards. A mayor serves as the city's chief executive officer. The most populous and largest city in the state is New York City, with a population of over 8.5 million inhabitants and comprising just over of land ( total area, which includes water). The least populous city is Sherrill, New York, with just 3,071 inhabitants in 2010. The smallest city by area is Mechanicville, New York, which covers (of which is water).",
"title": "Administrative divisions of New York (state)"
},
{
"id": "1056830",
"text": "in New York Harbor. However, most stories indicate the Statue of Liberty is actually in New York City, which also exists in the DC Universe as a separate city from Metropolis. The map of Metropolis designed for Mayfair Games' first edition of the \"DC Heroes Role-Playing Game\" resembled that of Manhattan. Metropolis is made up of six boroughs, the largest being New Troy. Each of the boroughs has its own distinct character and feel, which resemble and mimic New York City's boroughs. New Troy is the largest borough in Metropolis. Resembling Manhattan, New Troy is a skyscraper island bustling with",
"title": "Metropolis (comics)"
},
{
"id": "11925352",
"text": "size of the city and the correspondingly large number of patronage jobs available. The Mayor of the City of New York is elected in early November every four years and takes office at the beginning of the following year. The City which elects the Mayor as its chief executive consists of the five New York Boroughs of Manhattan, The Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island, which consolidated to form \"Greater\" New York on January 1, 1898. The consolidated City's first Mayor, Robert A. Van Wyck, was elected with other municipal officers in November 1897. Mayoral Elections had previously been held",
"title": "Characteristics of New York City mayoral elections"
},
{
"id": "7817286",
"text": "legislative function within a borough. Executive functions in New York City are the responsibility of the Mayor of New York City, while legislative functions reside with the New York City Council. The borough presidents primarily act as spokesmen, advocates, and ceremonial leaders for their boroughs, have budgets from which they can allocate relatively modest sums of money to community organizations and projects, and appoint the members of the 59 largely advisory community boards in the city's various neighborhoods. The Brooklyn and Queens borough presidents also appoint trustees to the local public library systems in those boroughs. Being coextensive with an",
"title": "Boroughs of New York City"
},
{
"id": "4412408",
"text": "New York Public Service Commission voted to divide New York City into two numbering plan areas. Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island received the new area code 718, while 212 was reduced to cover only Manhattan and the Bronx. Despite protests from some local officials and state lawmakers, the commission was persuaded by New York Telephone's reasoning that a new area code was needed to \"prevent an impending exhaustion of telephone numbers.\" The number shortage was exacerbated by the fact that the New York City LATA not only includes the Five Boroughs, but also the lower Hudson Valley and Long Island.",
"title": "Area codes 212, 646, and 332"
},
{
"id": "6552682",
"text": "Borough president Borough president is an elective office in each of the five boroughs of New York City. For most of the city's history, the office exercised significant executive powers within each borough, and the five borough presidents also sat on the New York City Board of Estimate. Since 1990, the borough presidents have been stripped of a majority of their powers in the government of New York City. Borough presidents advise the mayor, comment on land-use items in their borough, advocate borough needs in the annual municipal budget process, appoint some officials and community board members, and serve \"ex",
"title": "Borough president"
},
{
"id": "7694166",
"text": "of Liberty National Monument, the port district comprises all or part of seventeen counties in the region. The ten that are completely within the district are Hudson, Bergen, Essex, Union (in New Jersey), Westchester (in New York), and the five boroughs of New York City, which are coterminous with the counties of New York, Bronx, Kings, Queens, and Richmond. Abutting sections of Passaic, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, and Somerset in New Jersey, and Nassau and Rockland in New York are also within the district. New York Harbor is one of the world's largest natural harbors. The Atlantic Ocean is to the",
"title": "Port of New York and New Jersey"
},
{
"id": "2165132",
"text": "dominated the South, Boston dominated New England; Chicago, the nation's railroad hub, dominated the Midwest United States; however, New York City dominated the entire nation in terms of communications, trade, finance, popular culture, and high culture. More than a fourth of the 300 largest corporations in 1920 were headquartered in New York City. In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then an independent city), Manhattan, and outlying areas. Manhattan and the Bronx were established as two separate boroughs and joined together with three other boroughs created from parts of adjacent counties",
"title": "History of New York City"
},
{
"id": "5210060",
"text": "responds, \"Now you're a 347 girl.\" Area codes 718, 347, and 929 North American area codes 718, 347, and 929 are New York City telephone area codes in the boroughs of The Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island, as well as the Marble Hill section of Manhattan. They are overlaid by area code 917, which covers the entirety of New York City. Until 1984, all of New York City had been served by area code 212 for 37 years. New York Telephone required a new area code to \"prevent an impending exhaustion of telephone numbers.\" On February 1, 1984, the",
"title": "Area codes 718, 347, and 929"
},
{
"id": "579386",
"text": "the phrase still denotes Brooklyn pride among old-time Brooklynites. Brooklyn totals in area, of which is land (73%), and is water (27%); the borough is the second-largest in land area among the boroughs of New York City. However, Kings County, coterminous with Brooklyn, is New York State's fourth-smallest county by land area and third-smallest by total area. Brooklyn lies at the southwestern end of Long Island, and the borough's western border constitutes the island's western tip. Brooklyn's water borders are extensive and varied, including Jamaica Bay; the Atlantic Ocean; The Narrows, separating Brooklyn from the borough of Staten Island in",
"title": "Brooklyn"
},
{
"id": "579361",
"text": "is coextensive with the borough of Manhattan). With a land area of and water area of , Kings County is New York's fourth-smallest county by land area and third-smallest by total area, though it is the second-largest among the city's five boroughs. Today, if New York City dissolved, Brooklyn would rank as the third-most populous city in the U.S. after Los Angeles and Chicago. Brooklyn was an independent incorporated city (and previously an authorized village and town within the provisions of the New York State Constitution) until January 1, 1898, when, after a long political campaign and public relations battle",
"title": "Brooklyn"
},
{
"id": "2821871",
"text": "is Richmond County. When New York City was consolidated into its present form in 1898, all previous town and county governments within it were abolished in favor of the present five boroughs and a unified, centralized city government. However, each county retains its own district attorney to prosecute crimes, and most of the court system is organized around the counties. The executive branch of New York City consists of the Mayor, and numerous departments, boards and commissions. The Mayor also appoints several deputy mayors to head major offices within the executive branch of the city government. \"The City Record\" is",
"title": "Government of New York City"
},
{
"id": "4474311",
"text": "Richmond Valley, Staten Island Richmond Valley is the name of a neighborhood located on the South Shore of Staten Island, one of the five boroughs of New York City, the largest city in the United States. Richmond Valley is bordered on the north by Pleasant Plains, to the south by Tottenville, to the west by the Arthur Kill, and to the east by the Lower New York Bay. Once considered part of Tottenville, Richmond Valley gained a separate identity when the Richmond Valley (Staten Island Railway station) was opened soon after the railroad was extended to Tottenville in 1860. Today",
"title": "Richmond Valley, Staten Island"
},
{
"id": "5869187",
"text": "New Yorkers reside in NYCHA's 328 public housing developments across the City's five boroughs. Another 235,000 receive subsidized rental assistance in private homes through the NYCHA-administered Section 8 Leased Housing Program. NYCHA is a New York state public-benefit corporation organized under the Public Housing Law. The NYCHA (\"NYCHA Board\") consists of seven members, of which the chairman is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the Mayor of New York City, while the others are appointed for three-year terms by the mayor. The Authority is the largest public housing authority (PHA) in North America. In spite of many problems,",
"title": "New York City Housing Authority"
},
{
"id": "6552683",
"text": "officio\" as members of various boards and committees. They generally act as advocates for their boroughs to mayoral agencies, the city council, the New York State government, public corporations, and private businesses. Their authorizing law is codified in title 4, sections 81 to 85 of the New York City Charter, while their regulations are compiled in title 45 of the New York City Rules. On January 1, 1898, the boroughs of Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Richmond were created and consolidated into a unified city of New York. As part of the consolidation, all town and county governments within",
"title": "Borough president"
},
{
"id": "561137",
"text": "refers to the formulas used to estimate the closest east–west cross street for building numbers on north–south avenues. It is commonly noted in telephone directories, New York City travel guides, and MTA Manhattan bus maps. Local government and services: Maps: Manhattan Manhattan (), often referred to locally as the City, is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, cultural identifier, and historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York. The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the",
"title": "Manhattan"
},
{
"id": "2821879",
"text": "two citywide courts, the Criminal Court and the Civil Court, and several statewide courts, the Supreme Court, Surrogate's Court, and Family Court. Unlike the rest of New York, New York City counties do not have a typical County Court. Each statewide court is located in each of New York City's five counties (boroughs). There are also numerous extrajudicial administrative courts, which are executive agencies and not part of the state Unified Court System. The Criminal Court of the City of New York handles misdemeanors (generally, crimes punishable by fine or imprisonment of up to one year) and lesser offenses, and",
"title": "Government of New York City"
},
{
"id": "9690509",
"text": "the state has over 3400 active local governments and over 4200 taxing jurisdictions. In 1898, when New York City was consolidated into its present form, all previous town and county governments within it were abolished in favor of the present five boroughs and unified, centralized city government (the New York City government). Native Americans' governments are significantly independent of the state and its local governments. New York cannot interfere with tribal self-government, but may regulate conduct on tribal territory concerning non-Native Americans. For example, federal law forbids states and local authorities to tax Indian lands; however, the state can and",
"title": "Government of New York (state)"
},
{
"id": "4466594",
"text": "is provided by the along Huguenot Avenue and Woodrow Road, the along Woodrow Road, the along Foster Road, and the along Huguenot Avenue. Huguenot, Staten Island Huguenot is the name of a neighborhood located on the South Shore, Staten Island , Staten Island is one of the five boroughs of New York City, United States. In recent years it has become increasingly customary to refer to the western part of Huguenot as a separate neighborhood called Woodrow. Originally named \"Bloomingview\", its present name is derived from the Huguenots, led by Daniel Perrin, who settled in the area during the late",
"title": "Huguenot, Staten Island"
},
{
"id": "3105320",
"text": "also on Foley Square in Manhattan. The present mayor is Bill de Blasio, the first Democrat since 1993. He was elected in 2013 with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014. The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices. As of April 2016, 69% of registered voters in the city are Democrats and 10% are Republicans. New York City has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election since President Calvin Coolidge won the five boroughs in 1924. In 2012, Democrat Barack Obama became the first presidential candidate of any",
"title": "New York City"
},
{
"id": "5869186",
"text": "New York City Housing Authority The New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) provides housing for low- and moderate-income residents throughout the five boroughs of New York City. NYCHA also administers a citywide Section 8 Leased Housing Program in rental apartments. These communities are often referred to in popular culture as \"projects\", or \"developments\". These facilities commonly have large income disparities with their respective surrounding neighborhood or community. The New York City Housing Authority's mission is to increase opportunities for low- and moderate-income New Yorkers by providing safe, affordable housing and facilitating access to social and community services. More than 400,000",
"title": "New York City Housing Authority"
},
{
"id": "13605647",
"text": "and as the primary destination for new Chinese immigrants, New York City is subdivided into official municipal boroughs, which themselves are home to significant Chinese populations, with Brooklyn and Queens, adjacently located on Long Island, leading the fastest growth. After the City of New York itself, the boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn encompass the largest Chinese populations, respectively, of all municipalities in the United States. In the earlier part of the 20th century, Eighth Avenue in Sunset Park was primarily home to Norwegian immigrants, and it was known as \"Little Norway\", or \"\"Lapskaus Boulevard\"\", as the Norwegians termed it. Later",
"title": "Chinatowns in Brooklyn"
},
{
"id": "2079956",
"text": "Area (CSA). The MSA definition is titled the \"New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area\", and includes a population of 20.3 million people by 2017 Census estimates, roughly 1 in 16 Americans and nearly 7 million more than the second-place Los Angeles metropolitan area in the United States. The MSA is further subdivided into four metropolitan divisions. The 26-county MSA includes 12 counties in New York State (coextensive with the five boroughs of New York City, the two counties of Long Island, and five counties in the lower Hudson Valley); 13 counties in Northern and Central New Jersey; and 1",
"title": "New York metropolitan area"
},
{
"id": "6871607",
"text": "Gale Brewer Gale Arnot Brewer (born September 6, 1951) is the 27th and current Borough President of the New York City borough of Manhattan and a Democratic politician from the state of New York. She was a member of the New York City Council, where she represented the Upper West Side and the northern part of Clinton in Manhattan. She was elected Manhattan Borough President on November 5, 2013. Brewer obtained her undergraduate degrees from Bennington College (1973) and Columbia University (1997). She then earned her Master of Public Administration (M.P.A.) degree from Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of",
"title": "Gale Brewer"
},
{
"id": "471676",
"text": "local government. In New York 5 of the 62 are administrative divisions of the City of New York. These five are each called \"boroughs\" in context of city government, but are still called \"county\" where state function is involved, e.g., \"\"New York County\" Courthouse\". Most counties have a county seat, a city, town, or other named place where its administrative functions are centered. Some counties have no incorporated municipalities, such as Arlington County, Virginia. In several instances throughout the nation, a municipality has merged with a county into one jurisdiction so the county seat is coextensive with the county, forming",
"title": "County"
},
{
"id": "3975883",
"text": "number of primary votes, or 26.1%. (In 2009, Thompson had won the Democratic primary only to lose a close general election to Mayor Michael Bloomberg.) Christine Quinn, the Speaker of the New York City Council, came in third, with 15.7%, while none of the other candidates, including City Comptroller John Liu and former Congressman Anthony Weiner, won as much as 10%. De Blasio carried all five boroughs and Thompson came second in every borough except Manhattan, where he came in third behind Quinn. From the Board of Elections in the City of New York, September 27, 2013 Republican primary election,",
"title": "New York City mayoral elections"
},
{
"id": "19859975",
"text": "Borough boards of New York City In the New York City government, each of the five boroughs has a borough board composed of the borough president, City Council members from the borough, and the chairperson of each community board in the borough. The borough boards can hold or conduct public or private hearings, adopt by-laws, prepare comprehensive and special purpose plans and make recommendations for land use and planning, mediate disputes and conflicts among two or more community boards, submit a comprehensive statement of the expense and capital budget priorities and needs, evaluate the progress of capital developments and the",
"title": "Borough boards of New York City"
},
{
"id": "561001",
"text": "business days, the influx of commuters increases this number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile (65,600/km). Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York City's five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, and is the smallest borough in terms of land area. Many districts and landmarks in Manhattan are well known, as New York City received a record 62.8 million tourists in 2017, and Manhattan hosts three of the world's 10 most-visited tourist attractions in 2013: Times Square, Central Park, and Grand Central Terminal. The borough hosts many prominent bridges, such as the Brooklyn Bridge;",
"title": "Manhattan"
},
{
"id": "3308031",
"text": "century, residential development in the area had begun when the new district of Williamsburg was laid out in western Bushwick. Williamsburg was incorporated in 1827 and officially severed from Bushwick in 1839. Present-day East Williamsburg, which was not part of the city of Williamsburg, was originally organized primarily as Brooklyn's 18th Ward from the annexation of Bushwick. Now part of Brooklyn Community District 1, the area of East Williamsburg is nevertheless considered by some to be part of Bushwick. The centroid, or geographic center, of New York City's five boroughs is in Bushwick \"on Stockholm Street between Wyckoff Avenue and",
"title": "Bushwick, Brooklyn"
},
{
"id": "5625659",
"text": "Theft Auto IV\" takes place in 2008, in a redesigned version of Liberty City consisting of four boroughs, based on four of the boroughs of New York City: Broker (based on Brooklyn), Dukes (Queens), Bohan (The Bronx), and Algonquin (Manhattan). Adjacent to the city is the independent state of \"Alderney\" (Northern New Jersey). There are three minor islands present in the game: Charge Island (Randall's Island), Colony Island (Roosevelt Island), and Happiness Island (Liberty Island). Initially, bridges are locked down due to a terrorist threat, and players are constantly pursued by police if the bridges are crossed, but the blockades",
"title": "Grand Theft Auto IV"
},
{
"id": "3105319",
"text": "Uniquely among major American cities, New York is divided between, and is host to the main branches of, two different US district courts: the District Court for the Southern District of New York, whose main courthouse is on Foley Square near City Hall in Manhattan and whose jurisdiction includes Manhattan and the Bronx; and the District Court for the Eastern District of New York, whose main courthouse is in Brooklyn and whose jurisdiction includes Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. The US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and US Court of International Trade are also based in New York,",
"title": "New York City"
},
{
"id": "6552694",
"text": "board composed of up to 50 volunteer members appointed by the borough president, half from nominations by City Council members representing the community district (\"i.e.\", whose council districts cover part of the community district). Community boards advise on land use and zoning, participate in the city budget process, and address service delivery in their district. Community boards act in an advisory capacity, and have no authority to make or enforce laws. Borough president Borough president is an elective office in each of the five boroughs of New York City. For most of the city's history, the office exercised significant executive",
"title": "Borough president"
},
{
"id": "1654469",
"text": "school system in the United States) and levies $27 billion in taxes. It receives $14 billion from the state and federal governments. The mayor's office is located in New York City Hall; it has jurisdiction over all five boroughs of New York City: Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Staten Island and Queens. The mayor appoints a large number of officials, including commissioners who head city departments, and his deputy mayors. The mayor's regulations are compiled in title 43 of the \"New York City Rules\". According to current law, the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms in office but may",
"title": "Mayor of New York City"
},
{
"id": "561100",
"text": "Island, the least populous borough, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause pursuant to the high court's 1964 \"one man, one vote\" decision. Since 1990, the largely powerless Borough President has acted as an advocate for the borough at the mayoral agencies, the City Council, the New York state government, and corporations. Manhattan's current Borough President is Gale Brewer, elected as a Democrat in November 2013 with 82.9% of the vote. Brewer replaced Scott Stringer, who went on to become New York City Comptroller. Cyrus Vance Jr., a Democrat, has been the District Attorney of New York County",
"title": "Manhattan"
}
] | what are all the boroughs in new york |
|
| [
{
"id": "576742",
"text": "letters attacking fellow Federalist Samuel Chase. Chase's patriotism was questioned when Hamilton revealed that Chase had taken advantage of knowledge gained in Congress to try to dominate the flour market. At the time of publication, the authors of The Federalist Papers attempted to hide their identities for fear of prosecution. Astute observers, however, correctly discerned the identities of Hamilton, Madison, and Jay. Establishing authorial authenticity of the essays that comprise \"The Federalist Papers\" has not always been clear\".\" After Alexander Hamilton died in 1804, a list emerged, claiming that he alone had written two-thirds of \"The Federalist\" essays. Some believe",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "576743",
"text": "that several of these essays were, in fact, written by James Madison (No. 49–58 and 62–63). The scholarly detective work of Douglass Adair in 1944 postulated the following assignments of authorship, corroborated in 1964 by a computer analysis of the text: In a span of ten months, a total of 85 articles were written by the three men. Hamilton, who had been a leading advocate of national constitutional reform throughout the 1780s and represented New York at the Constitutional Convention, in 1789 became the first Secretary of the Treasury, a post he held until his resignation in 1795. Madison, who",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "576751",
"text": "collaboration between him and Hamilton; No. 64 was by John Jay. The first open designation of which essay belonged to whom was provided by Hamilton who, in the days before his ultimately fatal gun duel with Aaron Burr, provided his lawyer with a list detailing the author of each number. This list credited Hamilton with a full sixty-three of the essays (three of those being jointly written with Madison), almost three-quarters of the whole, and was used as the basis for an 1810 printing that was the first to make specific attribution for the essays. Madison did not immediately dispute",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "576734",
"text": "The Federalist Papers The Federalist (later known as The Federalist Papers) is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym \"Publius\" to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution. The first 77 of these essays were published serially in the \"Independent Journal\", the \"New York Packet\", and \"The Daily Advertiser\" between October 1787 and April 1788. A two-volume compilation of these 77 essays and eight others was published as The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, as Agreed upon by the Federal",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "576763",
"text": "it possesses.\" The colors used to highlight the rows correspond to the author of the paper. The Federalist Papers The Federalist (later known as The Federalist Papers) is a collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the pseudonym \"Publius\" to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution. The first 77 of these essays were published serially in the \"Independent Journal\", the \"New York Packet\", and \"The Daily Advertiser\" between October 1787 and April 1788. A two-volume compilation of these 77 essays and eight others was published as The Federalist: A",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "576750",
"text": "the papers, arguing that they should be preserved as they were written in that particular historical moment, not as edited by the authors years later. Modern scholars generally use the text prepared by Jacob E. Cooke for his 1961 edition of \"The Federalist\"; this edition used the newspaper texts for essay numbers 1–76 and the McLean edition for essay numbers 77–85. The authorship of seventy-three of \"The Federalist\" essays is fairly certain. Twelve of these essays are disputed over by some scholars, though the modern consensus is that Madison wrote essays Nos. 49–58, with Nos. 18–20 being products of a",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "576757",
"text": "of the individual articles of the Constitution and the institutions it mandated, while the two last topics were merely touched on in the last essay. The papers can be broken down by author as well as by topic. At the start of the series, all three authors were contributing; the first twenty papers are broken down as eleven by Hamilton, five by Madison and four by Jay. The rest of the series, however, is dominated by three long segments by a single writer: No. 21 through No. 36 by Hamilton, No. 37 through 58 by Madison, written while Hamilton was",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "5999353",
"text": "supporters Thomas Jefferson, who wrote the Declaration of Independence. The Federalist Papers are 85 individual articles written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison and were intended for the people of New York. The purpose of these papers was to convince the states to ratify the United States Constitution by pointing out the flaws in the Articles of Confederation. Jay, Hamilton, and Madison all addressed various issues in the articles, mainly Hamilton writing the majority of them. Under the Articles of Confederation, the states mainly governed themselves. The general government had little influence on the authoritative role in the",
"title": "Federalist No. 21"
},
{
"id": "5745184",
"text": "movement became focused on getting the Constitution ratified. The most forceful defense of the new Constitution was \"The Federalist Papers\", a compilation of 85 anonymous essays published in New York City to convince the people of the state to vote for ratification. These articles, written by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, with some contributed by John Jay, examined the benefits of the new, proposed Constitution, and analyzed the political theory and function behind the various articles of the Constitution. \"The Federalist Papers\" remain one of the most important sets of documents in American history and political science. Those opposed to",
"title": "Federalism in the United States"
},
{
"id": "6003544",
"text": "States and \"Father of the Constitution.\" He wrote 29 of the Federalist Papers, although Madison himself, and many others since then, asserted that he had written more. A known error in Hamilton's list is that he incorrectly ascribed No. 54 to John Jay, when in fact Jay wrote No. 64, has provided some evidence for Madison's suggestion. Nearly all of the statistical studies show that the disputed papers were written by Madison, but as the writers themselves released no complete list. Prior to the Constitution, the Articles of Confederation stated that the apportionment of taxation was based off the land",
"title": "Federalist No. 54"
},
{
"id": "576752",
"text": "Hamilton's list, but provided his own list for the 1818 Gideon edition of \"The Federalist\". Madison claimed twenty-nine numbers for himself, and he suggested that the difference between the two lists was \"owing doubtless to the hurry in which [Hamilton's] memorandum was made out.\" A known error in Hamilton's list—Hamilton incorrectly ascribed No. 54 to John Jay, when in fact, Jay wrote No. 64—provided some evidence for Madison's suggestion. Statistical analysis has been undertaken on several occasions in attempts to accurately identify the author of each individual essay. After examining word choice and writing style, studies generally agree that the",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "576745",
"text": "articles appeared in three New York newspapers: \"The Independent Journal\", the \"New-York Packet\", and the \"Daily Advertiser\", beginning on October 27, 1787. Although written and published with haste, \"The Federalist\" articles were widely read and greatly influenced the shape of American political institutions. Hamilton, Madison and Jay published the essays at a rapid pace. At times, three to four new essays by Publius appeared in the papers in a single week. Garry Wills observes that this fast pace of production \"overwhelmed\" any possible response: \"Who, given ample time could have answered such a battery of arguments? And no time was",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "3188491",
"text": "some of the nation's foremost political leaders. Even at this young age, King's College had already educated Alexander Hamilton, who served as military aide to General George Washington, initiated and authored most of \"The Federalist Papers\", and then as the first Secretary of the Treasury; John Jay, author of several of the \"Federalist Papers\" and the first Chief Justice of the United States; Robert Livingston, one of the Committee of Five who drafted the Declaration of Independence; and Gouverneur Morris, who authored most of the United States Constitution. Hamilton's first experience with the military came while a student during the",
"title": "Columbia College (New York)"
},
{
"id": "576738",
"text": "checks and balances in an essay often quoted for its justification of government as \"the greatest of all reflections on human nature.\" According to historian Richard B. Morris, the essays that make up \"The Federalist Papers\" are an \"incomparable exposition of the Constitution, a classic in political science unsurpassed in both breadth and depth by the product of any later American writer.\" The Federal Convention sent the proposed Constitution to the Confederation Congress, which in turn submitted it to the states for ratification at the end of September 1787. On September 27, 1787, \"Cato\" first appeared in the New York",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "512486",
"text": "under the Articles of Confederation. Hamilton recruited John Jay and James Madison to write a series of essays defending the proposed Constitution, now known as \"The Federalist Papers\", and made the largest contribution to that effort, writing 51 of 85 essays published (Madison wrote 29, Jay only five). Hamilton supervised the entire project, enlisted the participants, wrote the majority of the essays, and oversaw the publication. During the project each person was responsible for their areas of expertise. Jay covered foreign relations, Madison covered the history of republics and confederacies, along with the anatomy of the new government and Hamilton",
"title": "Alexander Hamilton"
},
{
"id": "5991412",
"text": "Revolutionary War, Britain and France still had a large influence along the North Atlantic coastline, and many were worried that one of the European powers would try to reclaim the United States. \"The Federalist Papers\" were used to present answers to all of these questions and help form an orderly government. The essays made critical revisions of a then disorderly nation, and were published throughout 1787 and 1788 by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton under the pen name of \"Publius.\" The authors are among the Founding Fathers of America. Federalist Paper Two written by John Jay is entirely",
"title": "Federalist No. 2"
},
{
"id": "576740",
"text": "John Jay, who after four strong essays (Federalist Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5), fell ill and contributed only one more essay, Federalist No. 64, to the series. Jay also distilled his case into a pamphlet in the spring of 1788, \"An Address to the People of the State of New-York\"; Hamilton cited it approvingly in Federalist No. 85. James Madison, present in New York as a Virginia delegate to the Confederation Congress, was recruited by Hamilton and Jay, and became Hamilton's major collaborator. Gouverneur Morris and William Duer were also considered, however Morris turned down the invitation and Hamilton",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "576749",
"text": "used a list left by Hamilton to associate the authors with their numbers; this edition appeared as two volumes of the compiled \"Works of Hamilton\". In 1818, Jacob Gideon published a new edition with a new listing of authors, based on a list provided by Madison. The difference between Hamilton's list and Madison's formed the basis for a dispute over the authorship of a dozen of the essays. Both Hopkins's and Gideon's editions incorporated significant edits to the text of the papers themselves, generally with the approval of the authors. In 1863, Henry Dawson published containing the original text of",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "576758",
"text": "in Albany, and No. 65 through the end by Hamilton, published after Madison had left for Virginia. \"The Federalist Papers\" (specifically Federalist No. 84) are notable for their opposition to what later became the United States Bill of Rights. The idea of adding a Bill of Rights to the Constitution was originally controversial because the Constitution, as written, did not specifically enumerate or protect the rights of the people, rather it listed the powers of the government and left all that remained to the states and the people. Alexander Hamilton, the author of Federalist No. 84, feared that such an",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "6243884",
"text": "of reasons, including depression associated with his inability to produce a full-length scholarly monograph in his field, Adair committed suicide in 1968. Douglass Adair Douglass Greybill Adair (March 5, 1912 – May 2, 1968) was an American historian who specialized in intellectual history. He is best known for his work in researching the authorship of disputed numbers of \"The Federalist Papers\", and his influential studies in the history and influence of republicanism in the United States during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries—the era of the Enlightenment. His most famous essay, \"Fame and the Founding Fathers,\" introduced the pursuit",
"title": "Douglass Adair"
},
{
"id": "576761",
"text": "facto laws (in the 1798 decision \"Calder v. Bull\", apparently the first decision to mention \"The Federalist\"). , \"The Federalist\" had been quoted 291 times in Supreme Court decisions. The amount of deference that should be given to \"The Federalist Papers\" in constitutional interpretation has always been somewhat controversial. As early as 1819, Chief Justice John Marshall noted in the famous case \"McCulloch v. Maryland\", that \"the opinions expressed by the authors of that work have been justly supposed to be entitled to great respect in expounding the Constitution. No tribute can be paid to them which exceeds their merit;",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "209834",
"text": "85 newspaper articles published in New York that explained and defended the proposed Constitution. Under the pseudonym \"Publius\", Hamilton, Madison, and John Jay wrote 85 essays in the span of six months, with Madison writing 29 of the essays. The articles were also published in book form and became a virtual debater's handbook for the supporters of the Constitution in the ratifying conventions. Historian Clinton Rossiter called \"The Federalist Papers\" \"the most important work in political science that ever has been written, or is likely ever to be written, in the United States.\" Federalist No. 10, Madison's first contribution to",
"title": "James Madison"
},
{
"id": "576744",
"text": "is now acknowledged as the father of the Constitution—despite his repeated rejection of this honor during his lifetime, became a leading member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia (1789–1797), Secretary of State (1801–1809), and ultimately the fourth President of the United States. John Jay, who had been secretary for foreign affairs under the Articles of Confederation from 1784 through their expiration in 1789, became the first Chief Justice of the United States in 1789, stepping down in 1795 to accept election as governor of New York, a post he held for two terms, retiring in 1801. \"The Federalist\"",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "6243880",
"text": "Douglass Adair Douglass Greybill Adair (March 5, 1912 – May 2, 1968) was an American historian who specialized in intellectual history. He is best known for his work in researching the authorship of disputed numbers of \"The Federalist Papers\", and his influential studies in the history and influence of republicanism in the United States during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries—the era of the Enlightenment. His most famous essay, \"Fame and the Founding Fathers,\" introduced the pursuit of fame as a new motivation for understanding the actions for the Framers. Douglass Greybill Adair was born in 1912 in New",
"title": "Douglass Adair"
},
{
"id": "576753",
"text": "disputed essays were written by James Madison. However, there are notable exceptions maintaining that some of the essays which are now widely attributed to Madison were, in fact, collaborative efforts. \"The Federalist Papers\" were written to support the ratification of the Constitution, specifically in New York. Whether they succeeded in this mission is questionable. Separate ratification proceedings took place in each state, and the essays were not reliably reprinted outside of New York; furthermore, by the time the series was well underway, a number of important states had already ratified it, for instance Pennsylvania on December 12. New York held",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "5515477",
"text": "The Anti-Federalists proved unable to stop the ratification of the US Constitution, which took effect in 1789. Since then, the essays they wrote have largely fallen into obscurity. Unlike, for example, The Federalist No. 10 written by James Madison, none of their works are mainstays in college curricula or court rulings. The influence of their writing, however, can be seen to this day – particularly in the nature and shape of the United States Bill of Rights. Federalists (such as Alexander Hamilton, in Federalist 84) vigorously argued against its passage but were in the end forced to compromise. The broader",
"title": "Anti-Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "576741",
"text": "rejected three essays written by Duer. Duer later wrote in support of the three Federalist authors under the name \"Philo-Publius\", or \"Friend of Publius\". Alexander Hamilton chose the pseudonymous name \"Publius\". While many other pieces representing both sides of the constitutional debate were written under Roman names, Albert Furtwangler contends that \"'Publius' was a cut above 'Caesar' or 'Brutus' or even 'Cato.' Publius Valerius helped found the ancient republic of Rome. His more famous name, Publicola, meant 'friend of the people.'\" It was not the first time Hamilton had used this pseudonym: in 1778, he had applied it to three",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "439185",
"text": "the most inveterate monarchist of them all. The Federalists, with twice as many newspapers at their command, slashed back with equal vituperation. John Fenno and \"Peter Porcupine\" (William Cobbett) were their nastiest penmen and Noah Webster their most learned. Hamilton subsidized the Federalist editors, wrote for their papers and in 1801 established his own paper, the \"New York Evening Post.\" Though his reputation waned considerably following his death, Joseph Dennie ran three of the most popular and influential newspapers of the period, \"The Farmer's Weekly Museum\", the \"Gazette of the United States\" and \"The Port Folio\". The Federalists were conscious",
"title": "Federalist Party"
},
{
"id": "5988909",
"text": "delineated six classes of power granted to the federal government: Madison returns in Federalist No. 42 to classes two and three. \"The Federalist, No. 78\" (which deals with judicial powers, including the power of judicial review) has found its way most often into written opinions of the justices. \"The Federalist, No. 42\" (which focuses on non-military congressional powers, including the power to regulate interstate commerce) is the second most cited. Federalist No. 42 Federalist No. 42 is an essay by James Madison, and the forty-second of \"The Federalist Papers\". It was published on January 22, 1788 under the pseudonym Publius,",
"title": "Federalist No. 42"
},
{
"id": "2065541",
"text": "that few pure examples of Smith's writings are extant. Several other significant problems are apparent in the methodology of this computer analysis, specifically the use of closed set methodology instead of open set methodology. For example, the original methodology, when replicated, also assigns Rigdon as the probable author of \"The Federalist Papers\", which were written five years before his birth. Sidney Rigdon Sidney Rigdon (February 19, 1793 – July 14, 1876) was a leader during the early history of the Latter Day Saint movement. Rigdon was born in St. Clair Township, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, about 10 miles south of Pittsburgh.",
"title": "Sidney Rigdon"
},
{
"id": "5874049",
"text": "power of the federal judiciary, which would have comprised unelected, politically insulated judges that would be appointed for life. \"The Federalist Papers\", as a foundation text of constitutional interpretation, are frequently cited by U.S. jurists, but are not law. Of all the essays, No. 78 is the most cited by the justices of the United States Supreme Court. In Federalist No. 78, Hamilton said that the Judiciary branch of the proposed government would be the weakest of the three branches because it had \"no influence over either the sword or the purse, ...It may truly be said to have neither",
"title": "Federalist No. 78"
},
{
"id": "1722382",
"text": "the state was essential for the success of the United States. Local New York politics were tightly controlled by a parochial elite led by Governor George Clinton, and local political leaders did not want to share their power with the national politicians. The New York ratification convention became the focus for a struggle over the wisdom of adopting the Constitution. Those who advocated the Constitution took the name Federalists and quickly gained supporters throughout the nation. The most influential Federalists were Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, the anonymous authors of \"The Federalist Papers\", a series of 85 essays published in",
"title": "History of the United States (1776–1789)"
},
{
"id": "7357830",
"text": "at King's College (now Columbia University). During his career, Hamilton was a military officer, lawyer, member of the United States Constitutional Convention, American political philosopher, war hero, initiator and author of the majority of the pivotal and influential \"The Federalist Papers\", and the first United States Secretary of the Treasury. Hamilton commissioned architect John McComb Jr. to design a country home on Hamilton's estate in upper Manhattan. The two-story frame Federal style house was completed in 1802, just two years before Hamilton's death resulting from his duel with Aaron Burr on July 11, 1804. The house was named \"The Grange\"",
"title": "Hamilton Grange National Memorial"
},
{
"id": "1323994",
"text": "be the substitution of their pleasure to that of the legislative body.\" Its logo is a silhouette of former president and constitution author, James Madison, who co-wrote \"The Federalist Papers\". Commissioner Paul S. Atkins of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission considered society members \"the heirs of James Madison's legacy\" in a speech he gave in January 2008 to its lawyers chapter in Dallas, Texas. Madison is generally credited as the father of the constitution and became the fourth president of the United States. The society's name is said to have been based on the eighteenth-century Federalist Party; however, James",
"title": "Federalist Society"
},
{
"id": "6515466",
"text": "part of the Philadelphia Convention, and John Jay did not attend it at all. However, James Madison, the principal framer of the Constitution also wrote a substantial amount of \"The Federalist Papers\". Also, to suggest Hamilton and Jay's absence from the convention implies their ignorance as to the Constitution's original meaning is demeaning to those two men and inaccurate. The collected anti-Federalist papers, of course, will be no use at all to a person searching for the original \"intent\" of the framers. However, as evidence of how a reasonable person at the time would have understood the words of the",
"title": "Original meaning"
},
{
"id": "439158",
"text": "negotiated in 1794. Hamilton developed the concept of implied powers and successfully argued the adoption of that interpretation of the United States Constitution. Their political opponents, the Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson, denounced most of the Federalist policies, especially the bank and implied powers; and vehemently attacked the Jay Treaty as a sell-out of republican values to the British monarchy. The Jay Treaty passed and the Federalists won most of the major legislative battles in the 1790s. They held a strong base in the nation's cities and in New England. After the Democratic-Republicans, whose base was in the rural South,",
"title": "Federalist Party"
},
{
"id": "5999533",
"text": "hide his involvement in the \"Federalist Papers\" because his writing was not strong enough; however, this information came from an unidentified source. This theory is supported by the fact that Madison changed the list of authors that Hamilton wrote up. The author was finally confirmed to be John Jay when his descendant of the same name found the original draft of Federalist No.64, along with multiple \"The Independent Journal\" newspapers. Many of the \"Federalist Papers\" were published in \"The Independent Journal\". The original draft of No. 64 is one of the two only original drafts available of the \"Federalist Papers\".",
"title": "Federalist No. 64"
},
{
"id": "576746",
"text": "given.\" Hamilton also encouraged the reprinting of the essays in newspapers outside New York state, and indeed they were published in several other states where the ratification debate was taking place. However, they were only irregularly published outside New York, and in other parts of the country they were often overshadowed by local writers. Because the essays were initially published in New York, most of them begin with the same salutation: \"To the People of the State of New York\". The high demand for the essays led to their publication in a more permanent form. On January 1, 1788, the",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "15526961",
"text": "between the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain, ending the Revolutionary War, and who later became the first Chief Justice of the United States; Alexander Hamilton, military aide to General George Washington, author of most of the \"Federalist Papers\", and the first Secretary of the Treasury; Gouverneur Morris, the author of the final draft of the United States Constitution; Robert R. Livingston, a member of the Committee of Five, that drafted the Declaration of Independence; and Egbert Benson who represented New York in the Continental Congress and the Annapolis Convention, and who was a ratifier of the United",
"title": "History of Columbia University"
},
{
"id": "1722383",
"text": "New York newspapers, under the pen name \"Publius\". The papers became seminal documents for the new United States and have often been cited by jurists. These were written to sway the closely divided New York legislature. Opponents of the plan for stronger government, the Anti-Federalists, feared that a government with the power to tax would soon become as despotic and corrupt as Great Britain had been only decades earlier. The most notable Anti-federalist writers included Patrick Henry and George Mason, who demanded a Bill of Rights in the Constitution. The Federalists gained a great deal of prestige and advantage from",
"title": "History of the United States (1776–1789)"
},
{
"id": "439159",
"text": "won the hard-fought presidential election of 1800, the Federalists never returned to power. They recovered some strength by their intense opposition to the War of 1812, but they practically vanished during the Era of Good Feelings that followed the end of the war in 1815. The Federalists left a lasting legacy in the form of a strong Federal government with a sound financial base. After losing executive power they decisively shaped Supreme Court policy for another three decades through the person of Chief Justice John Marshall. On taking office in 1789, President Washington nominated New York lawyer Alexander Hamilton to",
"title": "Federalist Party"
},
{
"id": "6003982",
"text": "to look at the qualifications of the nominee, not the nominee's ideology or party. Federalist No. 76 Federalist No. 76, written by Alexander Hamilton, was published on April 1, 1788. \"The Federalist Papers\" are a series of eighty-five essays written to urge the ratification of the United States Constitution. These letters were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the name of Publius in the late 1780s. This paper discusses the arrangement of the power of appointment and the system of checks and balances. The title is \"The Appointing Power of the Executive\", and is the tenth",
"title": "Federalist No. 76"
},
{
"id": "6004026",
"text": "Federalist No. 81 Federalist No. 81 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the eighty-first of \"The Federalist Papers\". It was published on June 25 and 28, 1788 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all \"The Federalist\" papers were published. The title is \"The Judiciary Continued, and the Distribution of the Judicial Authority\", and it is the fourth in a series of six essays discussing the powers and limitations of the Judicial branch. \"The Federalist Papers\", as a foundation text of constitutional interpretation, are frequently cited by American jurists. Of all the essays, No. 81 is the third-most cited,",
"title": "Federalist No. 81"
},
{
"id": "8363972",
"text": "50 books and over 350 papers, with over 200 coauthors. Some of his work involved research evaluation and synthesis, especially in medicine and public health, Mosteller and David Wallace studied the historical problem of who wrote each of the disputed Federalist papers, James Madison or Alexander Hamilton. \"The Federalist Papers\" study was conducted in order to demonstrate the power of Bayesian inference and required a great deal of computational power for that time. It was featured in \"Time Magazine\" in the September 21st, 1962 edition. He was an avid fan of the Boston Red Sox and attended the games in",
"title": "Frederick Mosteller"
},
{
"id": "576760",
"text": "lesson of moderation to all sincere lovers of the Union, and ought to put them on their guard against hazarding anarchy, civil war, a perpetual alienation of the States from each other, and perhaps the military despotism of a successful demagogue\". The matter was further clarified by the Ninth Amendment. Federal judges, when interpreting the Constitution, frequently use \"The Federalist Papers\" as a contemporary account of the intentions of the framers and ratifiers. They have been applied on issues ranging from the power of the federal government in foreign affairs (in \"Hines v. Davidowitz\") to the validity of ex post",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "13102582",
"text": "against piracy; to preserve America's reputation at home and abroad; and to hold the country together politically under the fledgling Articles of Confederation. \"Federalist No. 2\" is an article written by John Jay as the second essay of \"The Federalist Papers\", a series of 85 essays arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution. These essays, written by Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, were published under the pseudonym \"Publius\". Federalist No. 2, titled \"Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence\", was published on October 31, 1787, as the first of five essays written by Jay. Jay believed his",
"title": "John Jay"
},
{
"id": "576748",
"text": "A 1792 French edition ended the collective anonymity of Publius, announcing that the work had been written by \"MM Hamilton, Maddisson E Gay\", citizens of the State of New York. In 1802, George Hopkins published an American edition that similarly named the authors. Hopkins wished as well that \"the name of the writer should be prefixed to each number,\" but at this point Hamilton insisted that this was not to be, and the division of the essays among the three authors remained a secret. The first publication to divide the papers in such a way was an 1810 edition that",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "1462661",
"text": "Bloom, suggest a parallel between authority and respect/reverence for ancestors. The understanding of political authority and the exercise of political powers in the American context traces back to the writings of the Founding Fathers, including the arguments put forward in \"The Federalist Papers\" by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and the First Chief Justice of the United States John Jay, and later speeches by the 16th President of the United States Abraham Lincoln. \"Our government rests in public opinion,\" President Abraham Lincoln said in 1856. In his 1854 Speech at Peoria, Illinois, Lincoln espoused \"the proposition that each man should do",
"title": "Authority"
},
{
"id": "1530847",
"text": "internet communications. The partial right for anonymity is legally protected to various degrees in different jurisdictions. The tradition of anonymous speech is older than the United States. Founders Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay wrote \"The Federalist Papers\" under the pseudonym \"Publius\" and \"the Federal Farmer\" spoke up in rebuttal. The US Supreme Court has repeatedly recognized rights to speak anonymously derived from the First Amendment. The pressure on anonymous communication has grown substantially after the 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and the subsequent new political climate. Although it is still difficult to oversee their exact",
"title": "Anonymity"
},
{
"id": "11812948",
"text": "Federalist Era The Federalist Era in American history ran from roughly 1788-1800, a time when the Federalist Party and its predecessors were dominant in American politics. During this period, Federalists generally controlled Congress and enjoyed the support of President George Washington and President John Adams. The era saw the creation of a new, stronger federal government under the United States Constitution. The era began with the ratification of the United States Constitution and ended with the Democratic-Republican Party's victory in the 1800 elections. During the 1780s, an era sometimes known as the \"Confederation Period\" of United States history, the United",
"title": "Federalist Era"
},
{
"id": "6003973",
"text": "Federalist No. 76 Federalist No. 76, written by Alexander Hamilton, was published on April 1, 1788. \"The Federalist Papers\" are a series of eighty-five essays written to urge the ratification of the United States Constitution. These letters were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the name of Publius in the late 1780s. This paper discusses the arrangement of the power of appointment and the system of checks and balances. The title is \"The Appointing Power of the Executive\", and is the tenth in a series of 11 essays discussing the powers and limitations of the Executive",
"title": "Federalist No. 76"
},
{
"id": "5999417",
"text": "liberated from British administration. It became evident that future prosperity relied on a new structure that gave power back to the general government. At first, people were unsure if this reform would be either beneficial or detrimental to future society. The uncertainty in public opinion had to be answered in order to put the people's trust in the new constitution. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay collectively wrote eighty five essays, known as the Federalist Papers, to persuade people, from those in politics to the average citizen, that the new constitution will be aid in the growth of the",
"title": "Federalist No. 29"
},
{
"id": "13102554",
"text": "of Confederation government. He also served as the first Secretary of State on an interim basis. A proponent of strong, centralized government, Jay worked to ratify the United States Constitution in New York in 1788. He was a co-author of \"The Federalist Papers\" along with Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, and wrote five of the 85 essays. After the establishment of the new federal government, Jay was appointed by President George Washington the first Chief Justice of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1795. The Jay Court experienced a light workload, deciding just four cases over six years. In",
"title": "John Jay"
},
{
"id": "576735",
"text": "Convention, September 17, 1787 by publishing firm J. & A. McLean in March and May 1788. The collection was commonly known as \"The Federalist\" until the name \"The Federalist Papers\" emerged in the 20th century. The authors of \"The Federalist\" intended to influence the voters to ratify the Constitution. In \"Federalist No. 1\", they explicitly set that debate in broad political terms: It has been frequently remarked, that it seems to have been reserved to the people of this country, by their conduct and example, to decide the important question, whether societies of men are really capable or not, of",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "439189",
"text": "Vice President under the system set out in the Constitution prior to the ratification of the 12th Amendment. The Federalists were strongest in New England, but also had strengths in the middle states. They elected Adams as President in 1796, when they controlled both houses of Congress, the presidency, eight state legislatures and ten governorships. Foreign affairs continued to be the central concern of American politics, for the war raging in Europe threatened to drag in the United States. The new President was a loner, who made decisions without consulting Hamilton or other \"High Federalists\". Benjamin Franklin once quipped that",
"title": "Federalist Party"
},
{
"id": "6003552",
"text": "under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist Papers were published. Alexander Hamilton was the force behind the project of the Federalist Papers, and was responsible for recruiting James Madison and John Jay to write with him as Publius Two others were considered, Governor Morris and William Duer. Morris rejected the offer, and Hamilton didn't like Duer's work. Even still, Duer managed to publish three articles in defense of the Constitution under the name Philo-Publius, or \"Friend of Publius.\" The Federalist Papers were written in an attempt to get the New York citizens to ratify the United",
"title": "Federalist No. 54"
},
{
"id": "1621622",
"text": "a book on botany, which attracted the attention of Linnaeus, and he maintained a long term correspondence with Benjamin Franklin. In the post-war period, Thomas Jefferson established his place in American literature through his authorship of the United States Declaration of Independence, his influence on the United States Constitution, his autobiography, his Notes on the State of Virginia, and his many letters. The Federalist essays by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay presented a significant historical discussion of American government organization and republican values. Fisher Ames, James Otis, and Patrick Henry are also valued for their political writings and",
"title": "American literature"
},
{
"id": "439219",
"text": "voice of God\") and that sinister outside influences are busy undermining American integrity. Oxford-trained British historian Patrick Allitt concludes that Federalists promoted many positions that would form the baseline for later American conservatism, including the rule of law under the Constitution, republican government, peaceful change through elections, judicial supremacy, stable national finances, credible and active diplomacy and protection of wealth. In terms of \"classical conservatism\", the Federalists had no truck with European-style aristocracy, monarchy, or established religion. Historian John P. Diggins says: \"Thanks to the framers, American conservatism began on a genuinely lofty plane. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Marshall,",
"title": "Federalist Party"
},
{
"id": "6003782",
"text": "for the position of dealing the foreign treaties. Hamilton felt that this would allow for an unbiased decision when it came to making treaties. Today, The Federalist Papers are admired for their insights into human nature and the character of republican government. It was likewise praised for its easily understood review of the proposed Constitution's provisions and its persuasive arguments for their efficacy. These papers helped everyone understand why Hamilton, Madison and Jay wanted the Constitution to ratified and what they wanted it to look like. Federalist No. 66 Federalist No. 66 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the sixty-sixth",
"title": "Federalist No. 66"
},
{
"id": "641110",
"text": "and the Internet, the concept of pseudonymity has a long history. In ancient literature it was common to write in the name of a famous person, not for concealment or with any intention of deceit; in the New Testament, the second letter of Peter is probably such. A more modern example is all of \"The Federalist Papers\", which were signed by Publius, a pseudonym representing the trio of James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. The papers were written partially in response to several Anti-Federalist Papers, also written under pseudonyms. As a result of this pseudonymity, historians know that the",
"title": "Pseudonymity"
},
{
"id": "439205",
"text": "but their overall disdain of democracy along with the upper class bias of the party leadership eroded public support. In the South, the Federalists steadily lost ground everywhere. The Federalists continued for several years to be a major political party in New England and the Northeast, but never regained control of the presidency or the Congress. With the death of Washington and Hamilton and the retirement of Adams, the Federalists were left without a strong leader as Chief Justice John Marshall stayed out of politics. However, a few younger leaders did appear, notably Daniel Webster. Federalist policies favored factories, banking",
"title": "Federalist Party"
},
{
"id": "5999273",
"text": "would try to rule their own way, with many misunderstanding and no concise rule. Federalist No. 16 Federalist No. 16, titled \"The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union\", is one out of the eighty-five articles collected in the document The Federalist Papers (formerly known as The Federalists). The entire collection of papers was written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. Federalist Paper No. 16, written by Alexander Hamilton, was published on December 4, 1787. According to James Madison, \"the immediate object of them was to vindicate and recommend the new Constitution",
"title": "Federalist No. 16"
},
{
"id": "8142577",
"text": "officially adopted in 1777 by the nation's first governing constitution, the Articles of Confederation. The Federalist Papers of 1787–1788, written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison to advocate the ratification of the United States Constitution, use the word \"American\" in both its original pan-American sense, but also in its United States sense: Federalist Paper 24 refers to the \"American possessions\" of Britain and Spain (i.e. land outside of the United States) while Federalist Papers 51 and 70 refer to the United States as \"the American republic\". People from the United States increasingly referred to themselves as Americans through",
"title": "Names for United States citizens"
},
{
"id": "5745190",
"text": "threat of secession also was proposed during these secret meetings. Three delegates were sent to Washington, DC to negotiate New England's terms only to discover the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, ending the war with the British. The Federalists were then seen by many as traitors to the union. The United States Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall played an important role in defining the power of the federal and state governments during the early 19th century. As the U.S. Constitution does not specifically define many dividing lines between the layers of government, the Supreme Court settled the",
"title": "Federalism in the United States"
},
{
"id": "576737",
"text": "\"Federalist No. 84\", Hamilton makes the case that there is no need to amend the Constitution by adding a Bill of Rights, insisting that the various provisions in the proposed Constitution protecting liberty amount to a \"bill of rights\". \"Federalist No. 78\", also written by Hamilton, lays the groundwork for the doctrine of judicial review by federal courts of federal legislation or executive acts. \"Federalist No. 70\" presents Hamilton's case for a one-man chief executive. In \"Federalist No. 39\", Madison presents the clearest exposition of what has come to be called \"Federalism\". In \"Federalist No. 51\", Madison distills arguments for",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "576736",
"text": "establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined to depend, for their political constitutions, on accident and force. \"Federalist No. 10\" is generally regarded as the most important of the 85 articles from a philosophical perspective. In it, Madison discusses the means of preventing rule by majority faction and advocates a large, commercial republic. This is complemented by \"Federalist No. 14\", in which Madison takes the measure of the United States, declares it appropriate for an extended republic, and concludes with a memorable defense of the constitutional and political creativity of the Federal Convention. In",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "6515465",
"text": "identically worded law passed when every member of the legislature is of the same mind and understanding regarding its meaning and effect. This being the case, it is the text of the law which governs. An originalist inquiry into the original \"meaning\" of the Constitution is able to cast a much broader net than an inquiry into the original \"intent\". Originalists of all stripes cite \"The Federalist Papers\". It is fairly tenuous to suggest that this represents a good source for the original \"intent\": after all, Alexander Hamilton, who wrote the majority of those essays, was absent for the greater",
"title": "Original meaning"
},
{
"id": "6003431",
"text": "what holding the country down. In their quest to prevent tyranny in their country, the founding fathers have made it difficult for the government to work together for the good of the people. Federalist No. 41 Federalist No. 41, titled \"General View of the Powers Conferred by the Constitution\", is an essay written by James Madison as the forty-first of \"The Federalist Papers\". These essays were published by Alexander Hamilton, with John Jay and James Madison serving as co-authors, under the pseudonym \"Publius.\" No. 41 was published on January 19, 1788 and argues about the necessity of the powers the",
"title": "Federalist No. 41"
},
{
"id": "2840380",
"text": "\"The Federalist Papers\", advocating ratification of the Constitution. The constitutions drafted by Jay and Adams for their respective states of New York (1777) and Massachusetts (1780) were heavily relied upon when creating language for the US Constitution. Jay, Adams and Franklin negotiated the Treaty of Paris (1783) that would end the American Revolutionary War. Washington was Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army and was President of the Constitutional Convention. All held additional important roles in the early government of the United States, with Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison serving as President. Jay was the nation's first Chief Justice, Hamilton was the",
"title": "Founding Fathers of the United States"
},
{
"id": "6003776",
"text": "written in the late 1780s to argue in favor of the ratification of the United States Constitution to replace the Articles of Confederation, which served as the first form of a Constitution for the newly freed country. The Federalist Papers were directed towards the anti-federalists, those who opposed a stronger general government (especially the New York anti-federalists), both to persuade them and to persuade undecided citizens to ratify the Constitution.The first Federalist Paper was published on October 27, 1787 in the New York Independent Journal. The essays argued that the proposed government would preserve the Union and give power to",
"title": "Federalist No. 66"
},
{
"id": "5745186",
"text": "as the date that the new government would take power. In 1789, Congress submitted twelve articles of amendment to the states. Ten of these articles, written by congressional committees, achieved passage on December 15, 1791 and became the United States Bill of Rights. The Tenth Amendment set the guidelines for federalism in the United States. As soon as the first Federalist movement dissipated, a second one sprang up to take its place. This one was based on the policies of Alexander Hamilton and his allies for a stronger national government, a loose construction of the Constitution, and a mercantile (rather",
"title": "Federalism in the United States"
},
{
"id": "5874067",
"text": "was affirmed by the Supreme Court in the case of \"Marbury v. Madison\" (1803). Federalist No. 78 Federalist No. 78 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the seventy-eighth of \"The Federalist Papers\". Like all of \"The Federalist\" papers, it was published under the pseudonym Publius. Titled \"The Judiciary Department\", Federalist No. 78 was published May 28, 1788 and first appeared in a newspaper on June 14 of the same year. It was written to explicate and justify the structure of the judiciary under the proposed Constitution of the United States; it is the first of six essays by Hamilton on",
"title": "Federalist No. 78"
},
{
"id": "1759119",
"text": "New York Times\" only published about five percent of the study's 7,000 pages. The Beacon Press edition was also incomplete. Halperin, who had originally classified the study as secret, obtained most of the unpublished portions under the Freedom of Information Act and the University of Texas published them in 1983. The National Security Archive published the remaining portions in 2002. The study itself remained formally classified until 2011. The \"Pentagon Papers\" revealed that the United States had expanded its war with the bombing of Cambodia and Laos, coastal raids on North Vietnam, and Marine Corps attacks, none of which had",
"title": "Pentagon Papers"
},
{
"id": "11826409",
"text": "several days, Congress transmitted the Constitution to the states without recommendation, letting each state decide for itself whether or not to ratify the document. Ratification of the Constitution required the approval of nine states. The ratification debates in Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia were of particular importance, as they were the four largest and most powerful states in the nation. Those who advocated ratification took the name Federalists. To sway the closely divided New York legislature, Hamilton, Madison, and Jay anonymously published \"The Federalist Papers\", which became seminal documents that affected the debate in New York and other states.",
"title": "Confederation Period"
},
{
"id": "209810",
"text": "a new constitution to supplant the ineffective Articles of Confederation. After the Convention, Madison became one of the leaders in the movement to ratify the Constitution, and his collaboration with Alexander Hamilton produced \"The Federalist Papers\", among the most important treatises in support of the Constitution. After the ratification of the Constitution in 1788, Madison won election to the United States House of Representatives. While simultaneously serving as a close adviser to President George Washington, Madison emerged as one of the most prominent members of the 1st Congress, helping to pass several bills establishing the new government. For his role",
"title": "James Madison"
},
{
"id": "6003424",
"text": "Federalist No. 41 Federalist No. 41, titled \"General View of the Powers Conferred by the Constitution\", is an essay written by James Madison as the forty-first of \"The Federalist Papers\". These essays were published by Alexander Hamilton, with John Jay and James Madison serving as co-authors, under the pseudonym \"Publius.\" No. 41 was published on January 19, 1788 and argues about the necessity of the powers the Constitution vested upon the general government as well as the meaning of the phrase \"general welfare\". On September 17, 1787, the Constitution was finalized and needed ratification from the states. Shortly after, Anti-Federalists",
"title": "Federalist No. 41"
},
{
"id": "512569",
"text": "converted to Judaism before marrying Lavien, and that even after her separation and bitter divorce from Lavien, she would still have raised her children by James Hamilton as Jews. Hamilton's interpretations of the Constitution set forth in the \"Federalist Papers\" remain highly influential, as seen in scholarly studies and court decisions. Although the Constitution was ambiguous as to the exact balance of power between national and state governments, Hamilton consistently took the side of greater federal power at the expense of the states. As Secretary of the Treasury, he established—against the intense opposition of Secretary of State Jefferson—the country's first",
"title": "Alexander Hamilton"
},
{
"id": "13102585",
"text": "\"The Federalist Papers\", a series of eighty-five articles written to persuade New York state convention members to ratify the proposed Constitution of the United States. Jay wrote the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixty-fourth articles. All except the sixty-fourth concerned the \"[d]angers from [f]oreign [f]orce and [i]nfluence\"; the sixty-fourth touches upon this matter insofar as it treats the role of the Senate in making foreign treaties. In September 1789, George Washington offered him the position of Secretary of State (which, though technically a new position, would have continued Jay's service as Secretary of Foreign Affairs); he declined. Washington responded by",
"title": "John Jay"
},
{
"id": "5151044",
"text": "the latter against the new federal government. In India, an excise tax on salt led to Mohandas Gandhi's famous Salt March, a major event in the Indian Independence Movement. In the early United States, taxes were levied principally on consumption. Alexander Hamilton, one of the two chief authors of the anonymous \"The Federalist Papers\", favored consumption taxes in part because they are harder to raise to confiscatory levels than income taxes. In \"The Federalist Papers\" (No. 21), Hamilton wrote: Although personal and corporate income taxes provide the bulk of revenue to the federal government, consumption taxes continue to be a",
"title": "Consumption tax"
},
{
"id": "5999264",
"text": "Federalist No. 16 Federalist No. 16, titled \"The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union\", is one out of the eighty-five articles collected in the document The Federalist Papers (formerly known as The Federalists). The entire collection of papers was written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. Federalist Paper No. 16, written by Alexander Hamilton, was published on December 4, 1787. According to James Madison, \"the immediate object of them was to vindicate and recommend the new Constitution to the State of [New York] whose ratification of the instrument, was doubtful, as",
"title": "Federalist No. 16"
},
{
"id": "5794974",
"text": "is not among them. Today, however, No. 10 is regarded as a seminal work of American democracy. In \"The People's Vote\", a popular survey conducted by the National Archives and Records Administration, National History Day, and \"U.S. News and World Report\", No. 10 (along with Federalist No. 51, also by Madison) was chosen as the 20th most influential document in United States history. David Epstein, writing in 1984, described it as among the most highly regarded of all American political writing. The historian Charles A. Beard identified Federalist No. 10 as one of the most important documents for understanding the",
"title": "Federalist No. 10"
},
{
"id": "11812950",
"text": "majorities in both houses and elected George Washington, who had taken part in the Philadelphia Convention, as president. The Washington administration and the 1st United States Congress established numerous precedents and much of the structure of the new government. Congress shaped the federal judiciary with the Judiciary Act of 1789 while Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton's economic policies fostered a strong central government. The first Congress also passed the United States Bill of Rights to constitutionally limit the powers of the federal government. During the Federalist Era, U.S. foreign policy was dominated by concerns regarding Britain, France, and Spain. Washington and",
"title": "Federalist Era"
},
{
"id": "439192",
"text": "Thomas Jefferson. Several Republican newspaper editors were convicted under the Act and fined or jailed and three Democratic-Republican newspapers were shut down. In response, Jefferson and Madison secretly wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions passed by the two states' legislatures that declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional and insisted the states had the power to nullify federal laws. Undaunted, the Federalists created a navy, with new frigates; and a large new army, with Washington in nominal command and Hamilton in actual command. To pay for it all, they raised taxes on land, houses and slaves, leading to serious unrest.",
"title": "Federalist Party"
},
{
"id": "20429022",
"text": "a unicameral legislature (Adams deemed it too democratic). His translation of \"Discourses on Davila\" (1790), which also contained his own commentary, was an examination of \"human motivation in politics\". Adams believed that human motivation inevitably led to dangerous impulses where the government would need to sometimes intervene. The leader of the Federalist Party was Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury and co-author of \"The Federalist Papers\" (1787–1788) which was then and to this day remains a major interpretation of the new 1789 Constitution. Hamilton was critical of both Jeffersonian classical liberalism and the radical ideas coming out of the French",
"title": "Traditionalist conservatism in the United States"
},
{
"id": "439162",
"text": "capital faction soon assumed status as a national faction and then as the new Federalist Party. The Federalist Party supported Hamilton's vision of a strong centralized government and agreed with his proposals for a national bank and heavy government subsidies. In foreign affairs, they supported neutrality in the war between France and Great Britain. The majority of the Founding Fathers were originally Federalists. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and many others can all be considered Federalists. These Federalists felt that the Articles of Confederation had been too weak to sustain a working government and had decided that a new form of",
"title": "Federalist Party"
},
{
"id": "1530852",
"text": "It applies to unintentional use of copyright material. It puts the onus on website owners to ensure they comply with laws across several territories. It has been negotiated secretively and outside established international trade bodies, despite EU criticisms. The history of anonymous expression in political dissent is both long and with important effect, as in the Letters of Junius or Voltaire's \"Candide\", or scurrilous as in pasquinades. In the tradition of anonymous British political criticism, \"The Federalist Papers\" were anonymously authored by three of America's Founding Fathers. Without the public discourse on the controversial contents of the U.S. Constitution, ratification",
"title": "Anonymity"
},
{
"id": "5515471",
"text": "passage of the US Bill of Rights. Following its victory against the British in the Revolutionary War, the United States was plagued by a variety of internal problems. The weak central government could not raise taxes to cover war debts and was largely unable to pass legislation. Many early American politicians and thinkers believed that these issues were the result of the Articles of Confederation - the first governing document of the United States. In 1787 a convention gathered in Philadelphia to attempt to amend it. Soon, however, the gathering shifted its focus to constructing a newer and more powerful",
"title": "Anti-Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "576754",
"text": "out until July 26; certainly \"The Federalist\" was more important there than anywhere else, but Furtwangler argues that it \"could hardly rival other major forces in the ratification contests\"—specifically, these forces included the personal influence of well-known Federalists, for instance Hamilton and Jay, and Anti-Federalists, including Governor George Clinton. Further, by the time New York came to a vote, ten states had already ratified the Constitution and it had thus already passed—only nine states had to ratify it for the new government to be established among them; the ratification by Virginia, the tenth state, placed pressure on New York to",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "5794952",
"text": "15 in the Lansingburgh \"Northern Centinel\", and January 17 in the \"Albany Gazette\". Though this number of reprintings was typical for \"The Federalist\" essays, many other essays, both Federalist and Anti-Federalist, saw much wider distribution. On January 1, 1788, the publishing company J. & A. McLean announced that they would publish the first 36 of the essays in a single volume. This volume, titled \"The Federalist\", was released on March 2, 1788. George Hopkins' 1802 edition revealed that Madison, Hamilton, and Jay were the authors of the series, with two later printings dividing the work by author. In 1818, James",
"title": "Federalist No. 10"
},
{
"id": "439175",
"text": "and end disputes stemming from the naval war between Britain and France. Most of all the goal was to avert a war with Britain—a war opposed by the Federalists, that some historians claim the Jeffersonians wanted. As a neutral party, the United States argued it had the right to carry goods anywhere it wanted. The British nevertheless seized American ships carrying goods from the French West Indies. The Federalists favored Britain in the war and by far most of America's foreign trade was with Britain, hence a new treaty was called for. The British agreed to evacuate the western forts,",
"title": "Federalist Party"
},
{
"id": "5813593",
"text": "from the states. The new Constitution resolved this issue by allowing the Union to levy troops and build fleets. To give the federal government less than complete power, Hamilton argued, would be \"improvidently to trust the great interests of the nation to hands which are disabled from managing them with vigor and success.\" Thomas Jefferson, Federalist No. 23 Federalist No. 23 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the twenty-third of \"The Federalist Papers\". It was published on December 18, 1787 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all \"The Federalist\" papers were published. One of the more significant essays",
"title": "Federalist No. 23"
},
{
"id": "576747",
"text": "New York publishing firm J. & A. McLean announced that they would publish the first thirty-six essays as a bound volume; that volume was released on March 22, 1788, and was titled \"The Federalist\" Volume 1. New essays continued to appear in the newspapers; Federalist No. 77 was the last number to appear first in that form, on April 2. A second bound volume containing \"Federalist\" 37–77 and the yet to be published \"Federalist\" 78–85 was released on May 28. The last eight papers (\"Federalist\" 78–85) were republished in the New York newspapers between June 14 and August 16, 1788.",
"title": "The Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "512442",
"text": "began. In 1777, he became a senior aide to General Washington in running the new Continental Army. After the war, he was elected as a representative from New York to the Congress of the Confederation. He resigned to practice law and founded the Bank of New York. Hamilton was a leader in seeking to replace the weak national government under the Articles of Confederation; he led the Annapolis Convention of 1786, which spurred Congress to call a Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. He helped ratify the Constitution by writing 51 of the 85 installments of \"The Federalist Papers\", which are still",
"title": "Alexander Hamilton"
},
{
"id": "5745201",
"text": "Federalism is sometimes called \"states' rights\", although its proponents usually eschew the latter term because of its associations with Jim Crow and segregation. Unlike the states' rights movement of the mid-20th century which centered on the civil rights movement, the modern federalist movement is concerned far more with expansive interpretations of the Commerce Clause, as in the areas of medical marijuana (\"Gonzales v. Raich\"), partial-birth abortion (\"Gonzales v. Carhart\"), gun possession (\"United States v. Lopez\"), federal police powers (\"United States v. Morrison\", which struck down portions of the Violence Against Women Act), or agriculture (\"Wickard v. Filburn\"). Federalism in the",
"title": "Federalism in the United States"
},
{
"id": "427825",
"text": "to the States for action, \"in conformity to the resolves of the Convention\", but with no recommendation either for or against its adoption. Two parties soon developed, one in opposition, the Anti-Federalists, and one in support, the Federalists, of the Constitution; and the Constitution was debated, criticized, and expounded upon clause by clause. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay, under the name of Publius, wrote a series of commentaries, now known as \"The Federalist Papers\", in support of ratification in the state of New York, at that time a hotbed of anti-Federalism. These commentaries on the Constitution, written during the struggle for",
"title": "United States Constitution"
},
{
"id": "5999458",
"text": "pay back the debts. Federalist No. 30 Federalist No. 30 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the thirtieth of \"The Federalist Papers\". It was published on December 28, 1787 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all \"The Federalist\" papers were published. This is the first of seven essays by Hamilton on the then-controversial issue of taxation. It is titled \"Concerning the General Power of Taxation\". Hamilton details that taxes are extremely important to our government. Hamilton believes that the power to collect taxes deemed necessary is crucial for the government. Hamilton then details the differences between internal and",
"title": "Federalist No. 30"
},
{
"id": "5999388",
"text": "much greater show of force and be more apt to discourage rebellion. He reasons that confederacies are more prone to violence and war, and that extending the authority of the federal government to the citizen, rather than the state, is the only way to have power. Federalist No. 27 Federalist No. 27 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the twenty-seventh of \"The Federalist Papers\". It was published on December 25, 1787 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all \"The Federalist\" papers were published. This is the second of three essays discussing the threat to the common good stemming",
"title": "Federalist No. 27"
},
{
"id": "5515474",
"text": "essays were the product of a vast number of authors, working individually rather than as a group. Although there is no canonical list of anti-federalist authors, major authors include Cato (likely George Clinton), Brutus (likely Melancton Smith or Robert Yates or perhaps John Williams), Centinel (Samuel Bryan), and the Federal Farmer (either Melancton Smith, Richard Henry Lee, or Mercy Otis Warren). Works by Patrick Henry and a variety of others are often included as well. Until the mid-20th century, there was no united series of anti-Federalist papers. The first major collection was compiled by Morton Borden, a professor at Columbia",
"title": "Anti-Federalist Papers"
},
{
"id": "5794944",
"text": "Federalist No. 10 Federalist No. 10 is an essay written by James Madison as the tenth of \"The Federalist Papers\": a series of essays initiated by Alexander Hamilton arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution. Published on November 22, 1787 under the name \"Publius\", \"Federalist No. 10\" is among the most highly regarded of all American political writings. No. 10 addresses the question of how to reconcile citizens with interests contrary to the rights of others or inimical to the interests of the community as a whole. Madison saw factions as inevitable due to the nature of man",
"title": "Federalist No. 10"
},
{
"id": "7649973",
"text": "twelve of the thirteen states asserted that under the Constitution, the federal courts would have the power of judicial review. There is no record of any opponent to the Constitution who claimed that the Constitution did not involve a power of judicial review. After reviewing the statements made by the founders, one scholar concluded: \"The evidence from the Constitutional Convention and from the state ratification conventions is overwhelming that the original public meaning of the term 'judicial power' [in Article III] included the power to nullify unconstitutional laws.\" \"The Federalist Papers\", which were published in 1787–1788 to promote ratification of",
"title": "Judicial review in the United States"
}
] | who wrote the majority of the federalist papers |
|
| [
{
"id": "8169869",
"text": "Bank Holidays Act 1871 The Bank Holidays Act 1871 established the first bank holidays in the United Kingdom. The Act designated four bank holidays in England, Wales and Ireland (Easter Monday; Whit Monday; First Monday in August; Boxing Day in England and Wales and St Stephen's Day in Ireland), and five in Scotland (New Year's Day; Good Friday; First Monday in May; First Monday in August; Christmas Day). In England, Wales and Ireland, Good Friday and Christmas Day were considered traditional days of rest (as were Sundays) and therefore it was felt unnecessary to include them in the Act. The",
"title": "Bank Holidays Act 1871"
},
{
"id": "8169870",
"text": "Act was repealed in 1971 and superseded by the \"Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971\", which remains in force. Bank Holidays Act 1871 The Bank Holidays Act 1871 established the first bank holidays in the United Kingdom. The Act designated four bank holidays in England, Wales and Ireland (Easter Monday; Whit Monday; First Monday in August; Boxing Day in England and Wales and St Stephen's Day in Ireland), and five in Scotland (New Year's Day; Good Friday; First Monday in May; First Monday in August; Christmas Day). In England, Wales and Ireland, Good Friday and Christmas Day were considered traditional",
"title": "Bank Holidays Act 1871"
},
{
"id": "1383892",
"text": "were already recognised as common law holidays: they had been customary holidays since time immemorial. In 1903, the Bank Holiday (Ireland) Act added 17 March, Saint Patrick's Day, as a bank holiday for Ireland only. New Year's Day did not become a bank holiday in England until 1 January 1974. Commencing in 1965, experimentally, the August Bank Holiday weekend was observed at the end of August \"to give a lead in extending British holidays over a longer summer period\". Each year's date was announced in Parliament on an ad-hoc basis, to the despair of the calendar and diary publishing trade.",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "1383893",
"text": "The rule seems to have been to select the weekend of the last \"Saturday\" in August, so that in 1968 and 1969 Bank Holiday Monday actually fell in September. A century after the 1871 Act, the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, which currently regulates bank holidays in the UK, was passed. The majority of the current bank holidays were specified in the 1971 Act: however New Year's Day and May Day were not introduced throughout the whole of the UK until 1974 and 1978 respectively. The date of the August bank holiday was changed from the first Monday in",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "1383889",
"text": "Bank holiday A bank holiday is a public holiday in the United Kingdom, some Commonwealth countries, Hong Kong and the Republic of Ireland. There is no automatic right to time off on these days, but banks close and the majority of the working population is granted time off work or extra pay for working on these days, depending on their contract. The first official bank holidays were the four days named in the Bank Holidays Act 1871, but today the term is also commonly used for Good Friday and Christmas Day, which were already public holidays under common law and",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "1383890",
"text": "therefore not official bank holidays in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. Until 1834, the Bank of England observed about 33 saints' days and religious festivals as holidays, but in that year this was reduced to four: 1 May (May Day), 1 November (All Saints' Day), Good Friday and Christmas Day. In 1871, the first legislation relating to bank holidays was passed when Liberal politician and banker Sir John Lubbock introduced the Bank Holidays Act 1871, which specified the days in the table below. Under the Act, no person was compelled to make any payment or to do any act",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "1383891",
"text": "upon a bank holiday which he would not be compelled to do or make on Christmas Day or Good Friday, and the making of a payment or the doing of an act on the following day was equivalent to doing it on the holiday. People were so grateful that some called the first Bank Holidays \"St Lubbock's Days\" for a while. Scotland was treated separately because of its separate traditions: for example, New Year is a more important holiday there. The Act did not include Good Friday and Christmas Day as bank holidays in England, Wales, or Ireland because they",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "1383894",
"text": "August to the last Monday in August, and the Whitsun bank holiday (Whit Monday) was replaced by the Late Spring Bank Holiday, fixed as the last Monday in May. In 1978 the first Monday in May in the rest of the UK, and the final Monday of May in Scotland, were designated as bank holidays. In January 2007, the St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007 was given royal assent, making 30 November (or the nearest Monday if a weekend) a bank holiday in Scotland. Under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, bank holidays are proclaimed each year",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "1383905",
"text": "bank holiday in Ireland are only days in which Bank employees are off, e.g. Good Friday is a Bank Holiday, but not a Public Holiday. Bank holiday A bank holiday is a public holiday in the United Kingdom, some Commonwealth countries, Hong Kong and the Republic of Ireland. There is no automatic right to time off on these days, but banks close and the majority of the working population is granted time off work or extra pay for working on these days, depending on their contract. The first official bank holidays were the four days named in the Bank Holidays",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "10252104",
"text": "2 January since this decision was taken. This has resulted in many banks now providing only a limited service on 2 January, with most members of staff still entitled to the holiday. Schedule 1 to the 1971 Act states that the following days are official bank holidays in Scotland: If New Year's Day or 2 January fall on a Saturday or Sunday then the holidays will be taken on Monday or and Tuesday. The St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007, passed by the Scottish Parliament on 29 November 2006, added St Andrew's Day (30 November), or the following",
"title": "Public and bank holidays in Scotland"
},
{
"id": "1383903",
"text": "day off (except in Canada, where it remains 26 Dec.) In the UK it is classed as a Bank Holiday. In the past, additional one-off bank holidays have included: (i) Wednesday 14 November 1973, to celebrate the Wedding of Princess Anne and Captain Mark Phillips at Westminster Abbey; (ii) Tuesday 7 June 1977, to celebrate The Queen's Silver Jubilee; (iii) Wednesday 29 July 1981, to celebrate the Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer at St. Paul's Cathedral; Public holidays are not generally known as \"bank holidays\" in Australia, although in the state of Victoria, all statutory holidays, their",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "9901249",
"text": "believed that employers and employees should mark the day with a holiday, but that this should be as a substitute for an existing local holiday, rather than an additional one. The Bill was passed by the Parliament on 29 November 2006, and received Royal Assent on 15 January 2007. The Act amends the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971, an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which sets out the official bank holidays for England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The 1971 Act does not give employees the right to a day off workers or require banks",
"title": "St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007"
},
{
"id": "1383900",
"text": "this as an official bank holiday there. After the election of the Coalition Government in May 2010, the Department of Culture, Media and Sport launched a pre-consultation in 2011 which included the suggestion of moving the May Day Bank Holiday to October, to be a \"UK Day\" or \"Trafalgar Day\" (21 October) or to St David's Day and St George's Day. It is suggested that a move from the May bank holiday to a St Piran's Day bank holiday in Cornwall, on 5 March, would benefit the Cornish economy by £20–35 million. During the sterling crisis of 1968, Prime Minister",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "1383901",
"text": "Harold Wilson convened a meeting of the privy council in the early hours of 14 March to declare 15 March a non-statutory bank holiday. This allowed the UK government to close the London gold market to stem the losses being suffered by the British pound. It was this meeting that triggered the resignation of Foreign Secretary George Brown. In the UK every bank holiday retailers display large sales to entice people to shop on their bank holiday days off. Sales can reach up to 70% off across certain stores. Customers will normally wait for these sales to purchase their home",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "9901248",
"text": "holiday would cost the country £400 million in lost productivity. In May 2005, Samantha Mungall, Iain Scherr and Alexandra Gill - three first year students at Clyde Valley High presented a petition before the Public Petitions Committee to make this a national holiday. Their petition was discussed and was accepted, and this propelled the bill along. The Bill was sent back to the Parliament's Enterprise and Culture Committee, and was eventually supported by Jack McConnell, the then First Minister after a compromise agreement was reached whereby the holiday would not be an additional entitlement. The First Minister stated that he",
"title": "St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007"
},
{
"id": "1383902",
"text": "electronics and furniture. The sales are on every year but the bank holiday sales dates can change from year to year. In the UK Argos, Currys and Amazon are the largest retailers that not only have the biggest sales but also see the most revenue over these days. Boxing Day is a holiday celebrated in Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and other Commonwealth countries. Boxing Day originated in England in the middle of the nineteenth century under Queen Victoria. For years in which the holiday falls on a weekend, the celebration is moved to make sure workers still get a",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "3905198",
"text": "been given national holiday status. In 2006, the Scottish Parliament passed the St. Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007, which designated the Day as an official bank holiday. If 30 November falls on a weekend, the next Monday is a bank holiday instead. Although it is a bank holiday, banks are not required to close and employers are not required to give their employees the day off as a holiday. The University of St Andrews traditionally gives the day for all the students as a free holiday, but this is not a binding rule. Saint Andrew's Day is an",
"title": "Saint Andrew's Day"
},
{
"id": "4557485",
"text": "Monday in August (rather than the first). This has resulted in a number of local authorities creating a public holiday on Easter Monday. Previously Easter Monday had not been a public holiday in Scotland. There have been protests about banks opening on 2 January since this decision was taken. This has resulted in many banks now providing only a limited service on 2 January, with most members of staff still entitled to the holiday. Notes: Official bank holidays are: Note: In 2012, there was a special holiday on Tuesday, 5 June, to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II. Most",
"title": "Public holidays in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "14179633",
"text": "On June 28, 1870, Grant approved and signed legislation that made Christmas, or December 25, a legal public Holiday within Washington D.C. Historian Ron White said this was done by Grant because of his passion to unify the nation. During the early 19th Century in the United States, Christmas became more of a Church family centered activity. Other Holidays, included in the law within Washington D.C., were New Year, Fourth of July, and Thanksgiving. The law affected 5,300 federal employees working in the District of Columbia, the nation's capital. The legislation was meant to adapt to similar laws in states",
"title": "Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant"
},
{
"id": "1625525",
"text": "Monday; St. Stephen's Day and the first Monday in August. As Good Friday and Christmas Day were traditional days of rest and Christian worship (as were Sundays), therefore it was felt unnecessary to include them in the Act as they were already recognised as common law holidays. In 1903, Saint Patrick's Day became an official public holiday in Ireland. This was due to the Bank Holiday (Ireland) Act 1903, an Act of the United Kingdom Parliament introduced by the Irish MP James O'Mara. In 1939, the Oireachtas passed the Holidays (Employees) Act 1939 which designated the public holidays as Christmas",
"title": "Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland"
},
{
"id": "1383895",
"text": "by the legal device of a royal proclamation. Royal proclamation is also used to move bank holidays that would otherwise fall on a weekend. In this way, public holidays are not 'lost' in years when they coincide with weekends. These deferred bank holiday days are termed a 'bank holiday in lieu' of the typical anniversary date. In the legislation they are known as 'substitute days'. The movement of the St Andrew's Day Scottish holiday to the nearest Monday when 30 November is a weekend day is statutory and does not require a proclamation. A number of differences apply in Scotland",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "77640",
"text": "the era of Revolutionary France, Christian Christmas religious services were banned and the three kings cake was renamed the \"equality cake\" under anticlerical government policies. In the UK, Christmas Day became a bank holiday in 1834, Boxing Day was added in 1871. In the early-19th century, writers imagined Tudor Christmas as a time of heartfelt celebration. In 1843, Charles Dickens wrote the novel \"A Christmas Carol\" that helped revive the \"spirit\" of Christmas and seasonal merriment. Its instant popularity played a major role in portraying Christmas as a holiday emphasizing family, goodwill, and compassion. Dickens sought to construct Christmas as",
"title": "Christmas"
},
{
"id": "2889007",
"text": "all other states held their own bank holidays in an attempt to stem the bank runs (on March 4, Delaware became the 48th and last state to close its banks). Following his inauguration on March 4, 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt set out to rebuild confidence in the nation's banking system. On March 6 he declared a four-day \"national\" banking holiday that kept all banks shut until Congress could act. A draft law, prepared by the Treasury staff during Herbert Hoover's administration, was passed on March 9, 1933. The new law allowed the twelve Federal Reserve Banks to issue additional currency",
"title": "Emergency Banking Act"
},
{
"id": "4557479",
"text": "Public holidays in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, public holidays are days on which most businesses and non-essential services are closed, although an increasing number of retail businesses (especially the larger ones) do open on some of the public holidays. There are restrictions on trading on Sundays and Christmas Day in England and Wales and on New Year's Day and Christmas Day in Scotland. Legally defined holidays, analogous to \"public holidays\" in many other countries, are usually called bank holidays in the United Kingdom, but can also be referred to as \"public holidays\"; strictly, however, \"public holidays\" refer",
"title": "Public holidays in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "10986083",
"text": "Bank Holiday (Ireland) Act 1903, and in 2007 the Scottish Parliament – which has greater devolved powers than the Welsh Assembly – passed the St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007 which made St Andrew's Day a bank holiday in Scotland. Bank holidays in the United Kingdom do not entitle workers to a statutory holiday or extra pay on these days. While the British themselves debate British Day, one has been held in Hamburg in Germany for many years (\"British Day\" 1991–2010, \"British Flair\" since 2011) with a full Proms with Union Flag waving, \"Land of Hope and Glory\"",
"title": "British National Day"
},
{
"id": "10986080",
"text": "had been drawn up at the present time. In 2011, the coalition government composed of the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democrats proposed moving the May Day bank holiday in the United Kingdom to October, suggesting it be called 'UK Day' or be associated with Trafalgar Day. The removal of the May Day holiday was opposed by trade unions as a result of its associations with being an International Workers' Day. and by those who supported the continuance of an ancient folk tradition that may have existed since Anglo-Saxon times. Most of the suggested proposals for a British Day are",
"title": "British National Day"
},
{
"id": "1383899",
"text": "existing list are the feast days of patron saints; 23 April (St George's Day and widely regarded as the birthday of William Shakespeare) in England and 1 March (St David's Day) in Wales are not currently recognised. 17 March (St Patrick's Day) is a public holiday in Northern Ireland and, since 2008, 30 November (St Andrew's Day) is a bank holiday in Scotland. St Piran's Day (patron saint of Cornwall) on 5 March is already given as an unofficial day off to many government and other workers in the county, and there are renewed calls for the government to recognise",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "10252105",
"text": "Monday should 30 November fall on a weekend Section 1 of the 1971 Act also provides that special days may be appointed as bank holidays (either additional or in place of bank holidays which fall on a Saturday or Sunday) subject to Royal Proclamation each year. These include Boxing Day, which has been an additional bank holiday in Scotland since 1974 and the last Monday in May which has been a bank holiday since 1978. Section 1 of the 1971 Act also enables the Queen to appoint substitute bank holidays in any one year by Royal Proclamation. Substitute days are",
"title": "Public and bank holidays in Scotland"
},
{
"id": "52148",
"text": "Tuesday. As Boxing Day was traditionally the first week day (historically Monday–Saturday) after Christmas, it cannot technically be on a Sunday as that is considered to be the day of worship. However, 26 December is nowadays generally referred to as Boxing Day, even when it falls on the Sunday. In Scotland, Boxing Day has been specified as an additional bank holiday since 1974, by Royal Proclamation under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971. In Ireland – when the island as a whole was part of the United Kingdom – the Bank Holidays Act 1871 established the feast day of",
"title": "Boxing Day"
},
{
"id": "3356215",
"text": "In June 2008, Byrne suggested the \"August bank holiday\" to be made a weekend of national celebration (the so-called \"British Day\") in a speech to a New Labour think tank. However, Scotland's August bank holiday is held on a different date from that in Wales and England. He later retracted this - after pressure from the Scottish National Party - saying he was merely trying to \"get the debate started\". Since this suggestion, the concept of a British national holiday was raised again by the coalition government, with the Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties suggesting the May Day bank holiday",
"title": "Liam Byrne"
},
{
"id": "7760661",
"text": "in Westminster is noted for his introduction of the Bill which became the Bank Holiday (Ireland) Act 1903, making Saint Patrick's Day a national holiday. O'Mara later introduced the law which required that pubs be closed on 17 March, a provision which was repealed only in the 1970s. In 1907, O'Mara resigned from Parliament and from the Irish Parliamentary Party to join Sinn Féin, the first MP to do so. He returned to Dublin in 1914 to continue his work in the bacon business, and remained active in Sinn Féin. At the 1918 general election, he was Sinn Féin's Director",
"title": "James O'Mara"
},
{
"id": "4557486",
"text": "areas in Scotland did not have Monday 4 June as a holiday. Public holidays in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, public holidays are days on which most businesses and non-essential services are closed, although an increasing number of retail businesses (especially the larger ones) do open on some of the public holidays. There are restrictions on trading on Sundays and Christmas Day in England and Wales and on New Year's Day and Christmas Day in Scotland. Legally defined holidays, analogous to \"public holidays\" in many other countries, are usually called bank holidays in the United Kingdom, but can",
"title": "Public holidays in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "1383896",
"text": "relative to the rest of the United Kingdom. For example, Easter Monday is not a bank holiday. Also, although they share the same name, the Summer Bank Holiday falls on the first Monday of August in Scotland, as opposed to the last Monday in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Despite this, it is custom and practice to follow the rest of the UK and banks close on the last Monday and not the first. Bank holidays do not, however, assume the same importance in Scotland as they do elsewhere. Whereas they have effectively become public holidays elsewhere in the United",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "2348496",
"text": "evidence, while the President of the Republic attends a military parade on the Champs-Élysées of Paris. In the United States, the Independence Day celebrations on 4 July are widely celebrated with parades, fireworks, picnics and barbecues. In Ireland, Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March, is the equivalent of a national day and has been a public holiday for many years. However, in the United Kingdom the constituent countries' patron saints' days are low-key affairs. In recent times campaigns have commenced to promote the national days of England, Scotland and Wales, with St. Andrew's Day being designated as an official bank holiday",
"title": "National day"
},
{
"id": "1752808",
"text": "Closing Bell\". In 2014 and 2015, CNBC Europe did not broadcast any extended programming on U.S. bank holidays, although on many of the 2016 American bank holidays, CNBC Europe broadcast two-hour editions of \"Street Signs\". Since the start of 2016, CNBC Europe began broadcasting almost all of the CNBC US live business day schedule. Previously, the full schedule had only been seen on Europe-wide bank holidays which were regular working days in the United States (CNBC Asia produced \"Worldwide Exchange\" on those days) and between Christmas and the new year as CNBC Europe produced less European programming at this time.",
"title": "CNBC Europe"
},
{
"id": "1439926",
"text": "proclamation. Details of future holidays can be found on the NSW Industrial Relations website. Public holidays are regulated by the New South Wales \"Public Holidays Act 2010 No 115\", which supersedes the \"Banks and Bank Holidays Act 1912 No 43\". The first Monday in August is a Bank Holiday, during which banks and financial institutions are closed. Public holidays in Victoria are regulated by the Victorian \"Public Holidays Act\" 1993. Victorian employees fall under the Workchoices system either as coming within the Commonwealth constitutional power (called \"constitutional corporation employees\") or because of Victoria's referral of its legislative powers to the",
"title": "Public holidays in Australia"
},
{
"id": "1383897",
"text": "Kingdom, in Scotland there remains a tradition of public holidays based on local tradition and determined by local authorities (for example, the Glasgow Fair and the Dundee Fortnight). In 1996, Scottish banks made the business decision to harmonise their own holidays with the rest of the United Kingdom, with the result that 'bank holidays' in Scotland are neither public holidays nor the days on which banks are closed. The number of holidays in the UK is relatively small compared to many other European countries. However, direct comparison is inaccurate since the 'substitute day' scheme of deferment does not apply in",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "1625526",
"text": "Day; St. Stephen's Day; St. Patrick's Day; Easter Monday; Whit Monday and the first Monday in August. The Holidays (Employees) Act 1973 replaced the Whit Monday holiday with the first Monday in June. New Year's Day was not listed in the Act but was added by Statutory Instrument in 1974. The October Holiday was added in 1977. The first Monday in May (commonly known as May Day) was added in 1993 and first observed in 1994. In 1997 the Oireachtas passed the Organisation of Working Time Act. This Act, among other things, transposed European Union directives on working times into",
"title": "Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland"
},
{
"id": "1406946",
"text": "most countries now using the Gregorian calendar as their de facto calendar, New Year's Day is probably the most celebrated public holiday, often observed with fireworks at the stroke of midnight as the new year starts in each time zone. Other global New Year's Day traditions include making New Year's resolutions and calling one's friends and family. Mesopotamia (Iraq) instituted the concept of celebrating the new year in 2000 BC and celebrated new year around the time of the vernal equinox, in mid-March. The early Roman calendar designated March 1 as the new year. The calendar had just ten months,",
"title": "New Year's Day"
},
{
"id": "19604790",
"text": "to be \"designated as Independence Day, and celebrated annually\" reached sufficient signatures to trigger a government response, which stated there were \"no current plans to create another public holiday\". On 5 September 2017, a number of Conservative MPs backed MP Peter Bone's June Bank Holiday (Creation) Bill in the House of Commons, for the Brexit referendum date to be a UK-wide public holiday. The bill proposes that \"June 23 or the subsequent weekday when June 23 falls at a weekend\" should serve as a national holiday. On 9 May 2016, Leave.EU was fined £50,000 by the UK Information Commissioner's Office",
"title": "Aftermath of the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016"
},
{
"id": "9901250",
"text": "to close. However, the 1971 Act gives relief of obligation to make payments on days specified as bank holidays. If St Andrew's Day is on a Saturday or Sunday, the next Monday is designated as the bank holiday. St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007 The St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007 is an Act of the Scottish Parliament that officially designates St. Andrew's Day (30 November) to be a bank holiday in Scotland. The Bill that led to the Act being passed was first proposed by Dennis Canavan, Independent Member of the Scottish Parliament for Falkirk",
"title": "St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007"
},
{
"id": "15550756",
"text": "On 23 November 2010, Buckingham Palace announced that the date of the Wedding of Prince William of Wales and Kate Middleton was to be 29 April; and that it would be a Bank Holiday, thus reducing the need for holiday entitlement to three days. Curiously, there has been an 11-day weekend in the United Kingdom before: in Scotland between 25 December 1999 and 4 January 2000, a period which contained \"five\" bank holidays. This event happened at a time of year when it is now accepted that many days' productivity will be lost, whereas the 2011 “weekend” was during the",
"title": "The 11-day weekend"
},
{
"id": "3319749",
"text": "involved in major decisions that the new Roosevelt administration made to combat the Great Depression. On March 4, 1933, when Roosevelt first took the oath of office, banks were closing their doors all over the United States as waves of panic led depositors to demand immediate payment of their money. Woodin was the point man in the administration's declaration of a \"Bank Holiday\" which closed every bank in the U.S. until bank examiners could determine which were sound enough to re-open. With \"seals of approval\" from the examiners, depositors regained confidence, and the vast majority left their money in bank",
"title": "William H. Woodin"
},
{
"id": "11891048",
"text": "US Senate's Monetary and Financial Affairs Commission, interrogated several bank managers about their detestable role in the crisis. These hearings and the coming to power of Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal policy gave rise to the law. Public Law 72-44, 72d Congress, H.R. 9203 Glass–Steagall Act of 1932 The first \"Glass–Steagall Act\" was a law passed by the United States Congress on February 27, 1932, prior to the inclusion of more comprehensive measures in the Banking Act of 1933, which is now more commonly known as the Glass-Steagall Act. It was the first time that currency (non-specie, paper",
"title": "Glass–Steagall Act of 1932"
},
{
"id": "1721583",
"text": "1885 to all federal employees. The original four holidays were: George Washington's Birthday became a Federal holiday in 1880. In 1888 and 1894, respectively, Decoration Day (now Memorial Day) and Labor Day were created. In 1938, Armistice Day (now Veterans Day) was created to mark the end of World War I. The scope and the name of the holiday was expanded in 1954 to honor Americans who fought in World War II and the Korean War. In 1968, the Monday Holiday Act of 1968 shifted several holidays to always fall on a Monday and saw the establishment of Columbus Day.",
"title": "Federal holidays in the United States"
},
{
"id": "3155265",
"text": "holiday is called \"Klämdag\" (Squeeze Day) and a lot of Swedes try to take a vacation day to have a long weekend. In the United Kingdom and some other British Commonwealth countries, and in Ireland, the term is often known as a Bank Holiday weekend, since bank holidays always fall on a Monday. The term for a four-day weekend in some Spanish-speaking countries is \"puente\" (\"bridge\") or simply \"fin de semana largo\". In Spain, the bridge becomes a \"puente\" in some years when the anniversary of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 (December 6) and the Blessed Virgin Mary's Immaculate Conception",
"title": "Long weekend"
},
{
"id": "20070177",
"text": "passed amendments to the Labor Standards Act mentioned above also include the cancellation of 7 days off for National holidays originally stipulated in the same Act. The holidays include: the day following New Year’s day, Youth Day, Teachers' Day, Taiwan Retrocession Day, Birthday of President Chiang Kai-shek, Sun Yat-sen's Birthday, and Constitution Day. Relevant regulations on the Annual Paid Leave and Special Leave of a new recruit are also included in the amendments. One fixed day off and one flexible rest day One fixed day off and one flexible rest day () is a working-day reform policy implemented by the",
"title": "One fixed day off and one flexible rest day"
},
{
"id": "138945",
"text": "boosting the economy back to normal. Reform meant long-term fixes of what was wrong, especially with the financial and banking systems. Through Roosevelt's series of radio talks, known as fireside chats, he presented his proposals directly to the American public. Energized by his personal victory over his paralytic illness, Roosevelt relied on his persistent optimism and activism to renew the national spirit. On his second day in office, Roosevelt declared a \"bank holiday\" and called for a special session of Congress to start March 9, on which date Congress passed the Emergency Banking Act. The act, which was based on",
"title": "Franklin D. Roosevelt"
},
{
"id": "16008343",
"text": "House of Lords and bring Catholic rule back to the United Kingdom, but was captured on that date in 1605. This has been a continuing observance. Bank Transfer Day encourages bank customers to transfer their cash out of big banks to credit unions. The event is in response to what critics regard as excessive fees that big banks plan to roll out, notably Bank of America's decision to charge its debit card users with a $5 monthly fee and Wells Fargo's $3 charge of the same. The Facebook page for the event states the following: \"Together we can ensure that",
"title": "Bank Transfer Day"
},
{
"id": "13837587",
"text": "Financial Services Act 2010 The Financial Services Act 2010 (c. 28) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which regulates bonuses paid to employees of banks. It was announced on 27 September 2009 by Prime Minister Gordon Brown on \"The Andrew Marr Show\" on BBC One. Brown said that the new law would be included in the next Queen's speech and was the result of talks at the G20 summit in Pittsburgh where other countries were looking at similar action. He also said that the Act's purpose would be to ensure that bankers after the global economic",
"title": "Financial Services Act 2010"
},
{
"id": "10986082",
"text": "public, and in the National Assembly for Wales all 60 members, representing Labour, Plaid Cymru, the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives, voted unanimously for it to be declared so. The UK government rejected the proposal on the grounds that it was not practical to introduce an additional public holiday. On 3 June 2008, the Deputy Leader of Plaid Cymru in the National Assembly for Wales, Alun Ffred Jones AM, said about the proposed British Day: This contrasts with other parts of the United Kingdom. St Patrick's Day has been a bank holiday in Northern Ireland since the enactment of the",
"title": "British National Day"
},
{
"id": "2718889",
"text": "Public holidays in Hong Kong Public holidays and statutory holidays in Hong Kong are holidays designated by the Government of Hong Kong. They allow workers rest from work, usually in conjunction with special occasions. The 17 \"public holidays\" (), also called \"Bank Holidays\" (), are set by the General Holidays Ordinance. Under the administration of the United Kingdom prior to 1997, the Queen's Birthday was a public holiday observed in the second Monday of June. It was replaced by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day after the transfer of sovereignty to the People's Republic of China. Similarly, Commonwealth",
"title": "Public holidays in Hong Kong"
},
{
"id": "1383904",
"text": "substitutes, and Saturdays are legally defined as \"bank holidays\". In two other states there are two particular public holidays, for specific occupations only, which are officially known as \"Bank Holiday\": The public holidays in Gibraltar are a mix of \"bank holidays\" and \"public holidays\" and are often used interchangeably, although strictly and legally there is a difference. In Hong Kong, the term \"bank holiday\" is used colloquially to refer to public holidays. In India, 15 of the public holidays are bank holidays. In Ireland, \"bank holiday\" is a colloquial term, sometimes used incorrectly for what are officially \"public holidays\". A",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "6020141",
"text": "decisions holding that the goldsmiths' notes, despite the \"customs of merchants\", were not negotiable. The first bank to begin the permanent issue of banknotes was the Bank of England in 1695. Initially hand-written and issued on deposit or as a loan, they promised to pay the bearer the value of the note on demand. By 1745, standardized printed notes ranging from £20 to £1,000 were being printed. Fully printed notes that didn't require the name of the payee and the cashier's signature first appeared in 1855. In the 18th century, services offered by banks increased. Clearing facilities, security investments, cheques",
"title": "History of banking"
},
{
"id": "11102733",
"text": "Bank of England base rate was increased to 0.75%. The official bank rate has existed in various forms since 1694 and has ranged from 0.25% to 17%. The name of this key interest rate has changed over the years. The current name \"Official Bank Rate\" was introduced in 2006 and replaced the previous title \"Repo Rate\" (repo is short for repurchase agreement) in 1997. Previously (between 1981 and 1997) the title was \"Minimum Band 1 Dealing Rate\" and prior to that the \"Minimum Lending Rate\". Official bank rate The official bank rate (also called the Bank of England base rate",
"title": "Official bank rate"
},
{
"id": "52147",
"text": "the Feast of Saint Stephen, which in the Western Church falls on the same day as Boxing Day. Boxing Day is a secular holiday that is traditionally celebrated on 26 December, the day after Christmas Day. 26 December is also Saint Stephen's Day, a religious holiday. In the UK, Boxing Day is a bank holiday (in England, Wales and Northern Ireland since 1871). When 26 December falls on a Saturday, the Boxing Day public holiday is moved to the substitute day, which is the following Monday. If 26 December falls on a Sunday, the substitute public holiday is the following",
"title": "Boxing Day"
},
{
"id": "6020151",
"text": "the value of the pound. Until the mid-nineteenth century, commercial banks were able to issue their own banknotes, and notes issued by provincial banking companies were commonly in circulation. Many consider the origins of the central bank to lie with the passage of the Bank Charter Act of 1844. Under this law, authorisation to issue new banknotes was restricted to the Bank of England. The Act served to restrict the supply of new notes reaching circulation, and gave the Bank of England an effective monopoly on the printing of new notes. The Bank accepted the role of 'lender of last",
"title": "History of banking"
},
{
"id": "1492094",
"text": "Shinto, Buddhism and important events relating to the Japanese imperial family, it is not easy to understand the original meanings from the superficial and vague official names. Notes: Single days between two national holidays are taken as a bank holiday. This applies to May 4, which is a holiday each year. When a national holiday falls on a Sunday the next day that is not a holiday (usually a Monday) is taken as a holiday. In contrast to other East Asian countries such as China, Vietnam, Korea and Mongolia, Japan has almost completely forgotten the Chinese calendar. Since 1876, January",
"title": "Japanese calendar"
},
{
"id": "5102318",
"text": "Bone proposed a bill in July 2013, arguing that the August Bank Holiday should be renamed to Margaret Thatcher Day to commemorate her premiership. The bill ran out of time, due to filibustering by Labour MPs and formally ended its passage through Parliament in 2014. Bone was frequently critical of the Coalition Government between the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democrats and is rated as one of the Conservatives' most rebellious MPs. In February 2014, \"The Times\" newspaper reported that Bone had been under investigation by the Police for the previous 12 months relating to an alleged £100,000 fraud concerning",
"title": "Peter Bone"
},
{
"id": "10252106",
"text": "customarily appointed for all UK bank holidays which fall on a Saturday or Sunday. Where any of the dates fall on a Sunday, the Act substitutes the following Monday for that date. If any fall on a Saturday (or if Boxing Day falls on a Saturday or Sunday), the Royal Proclamation includes substitute days for these days. Public and bank holidays in Scotland Bank and public holidays in Scotland are determined under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971 and the St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007. Unlike the rest of United Kingdom, most bank holidays are not",
"title": "Public and bank holidays in Scotland"
},
{
"id": "12448838",
"text": "Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated in 1933, drought and erosion combined to cause the Dust Bowl, shifting hundreds of thousands of displaced persons off their farms in the Midwest. From his inauguration onward, Roosevelt argued that restructuring of the economy would be needed to prevent another depression or avoid prolonging the current one. New Deal programs sought to stimulate demand and provide work and relief for the impoverished through increased government spending and the institution of financial reforms. During a \"bank holiday\" that lasted five days, the Emergency Banking Act was signed into law. It provided for a system of reopening",
"title": "Great Depression"
},
{
"id": "2889011",
"text": "Dow Jones Industrial Average gaining 8.26 points to close at 62.10; a gain of 15.34%. With the benefit of hindsight, the nationwide Bank Holiday and the Emergency Banking Act of March, 1933, ended the bank runs that had plagued the Great Depression.\" One month later, on April 5, 1933, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 6102 criminalizing the possession of monetary gold by any individual, partnership, association or corporation and Congress passed a similar resolution in June 1933. This act was a temporary response to a major problem. The 1933 Banking Act passed later that year presented elements of longer-term response,",
"title": "Emergency Banking Act"
},
{
"id": "12448907",
"text": "by Hoover's top advisors. The act was passed and signed into law the same day. It provided for a system of reopening sound banks under Treasury supervision, with federal loans available if needed. Three-quarters of the banks in the Federal Reserve System reopened within the next three days. Billions of dollars in hoarded currency and gold flowed back into them within a month, thus stabilizing the banking system. By the end of 1933, 4,004 small local banks were permanently closed and merged into larger banks. Their deposits totalled $3.6 billion: depositors lost a total of $540 million and eventually received",
"title": "New Deal"
},
{
"id": "1625524",
"text": "holiday, it is generally observed (as a day off work) on the next available weekday, even though the public holiday itself does not move. In such cases, an employee is entitled to at least one of the following (as chosen by the employer): a day off within a month, an additional day's paid annual leave or an additional day's pay. The usual practice is, however, to award a day off on the next available weekday. The United Kingdom Bank Holidays Act 1871 established the first Bank holidays in Ireland. The Act designated four Bank holidays in Ireland: Easter Monday; Whit",
"title": "Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland"
},
{
"id": "13120339",
"text": "Banking Act 2009 The Banking Act 2009 (c 1) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that entered into force in part on the 21 February 2009 in order, amongst other things, to replace the Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008. The Act makes provision for the nationalisation of banks, amends the law on bank insolvency and administration, and makes provision about the Financial Services Compensation Scheme. It also makes provision about the regulation of inter-bank payment schemes (e.g. BACS), amends the law on the issue of banknotes by Scottish and Northern Irish banks, and makes other miscellaneous",
"title": "Banking Act 2009"
},
{
"id": "14482576",
"text": "Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, was signed by President of the United States Barack Obama on July 22, 2010, following a global financial crisis. The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 placed a \"wall of separation\" between banks and brokerages, which was largely repealed by the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999. The bill was enacted during the Great Depression, which began with the Wall Street Crash of 1929. The Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act of 1999 repealed the \"wall of separation,\" allowing companies to simultaneously act as commercial banks, investment banks, and insurance companies. Though some commentators regard the restoration of the",
"title": "Wall Street reform"
},
{
"id": "3582058",
"text": "the later \"bank holiday\" of the beginning of the administration of 32nd President Franklin D. Roosevelt in March 1933, and the subsequent requirements and regulations in the \"New Deal\" programs to combat the Great Depression. The result was strong industry expansion that lasted through the early 1960s. An important trend involved raising rates paid on savings to lure deposits, a practice that resulted in periodic rate wars between thrifts and even commercial banks. These wars became so severe that in 1966, the United States Congress took the highly unusual move of setting limits on savings rates for both commercial banks",
"title": "Savings and loan crisis"
},
{
"id": "1450944",
"text": "Common year starting on Monday A common year starting on Monday is any non-leap year (i.e., a year with 365 days) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Monday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is G. The current year, 2018, is a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. The last such year was 2007 and the next such year will be 2029, or likewise, 2013 and 2019 in the obsolete Julian calendar. The century year, 1900, was also a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. See below for more. Any common",
"title": "Common year starting on Monday"
},
{
"id": "4557484",
"text": "any bank holidays or public holidays that are taken). Notes: Most bank holidays are not recognised in Scotland, as public holidays are generally determined by local authorities across Scotland. Some of these may be taken in lieu of statutory holidays while others may be additional holidays, although many companies, including Royal Mail, do not follow all the holidays listed below, and many swap between English and local holidays. Since Easter 1996 the Scottish clearing banks have harmonised the days on which they are closed with those in England and Wales and are therefore closed on Easter Monday and the last",
"title": "Public holidays in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "13120341",
"text": "other banks other than those authorised under the 1845/1928 legislation and the Bank of England, and provides that, if a commercial bank decides to discontinue the issuing its own banknotes, it then irrevocably loses its note-issuing privileges. Banking Act 2009 The Banking Act 2009 (c 1) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that entered into force in part on the 21 February 2009 in order, amongst other things, to replace the Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008. The Act makes provision for the nationalisation of banks, amends the law on bank insolvency and administration, and makes provision",
"title": "Banking Act 2009"
},
{
"id": "2675821",
"text": "own only after including the three National Holidays and Diwali, Milad-Un-Nabi or Id-E-Milad, Mahavir Jayanti, Idu'l Fitr, Dussehra (Vijaya Dashami), Guru Nanak's Birthday, Christmas Day as compulsory holidays falling on weekdays. In respect to banks, the holidays are restricted to 15 days per year in terms of the instructions issued by the Department of Economic Affairs (Banking Division). Public holidays in India India, being a culturally diverse and fervent society, celebrates various holidays and festivals. There are many national holidays in India: Republic Day on 26 January, International Workers' Day on 1 May, Independence Day on 15 August and Mahatma",
"title": "Public holidays in India"
},
{
"id": "52142",
"text": "Boxing Day Boxing Day is a holiday celebrated the day after Christmas Day. It originated in the United Kingdom, and is celebrated in a number of countries that previously formed part of the British Empire. Boxing Day is on 26 December, although the attached bank holiday or public holiday may take place either on that day or two days later. In the liturgical calendar of Western Christianity, Boxing Day is the second day of Christmastide, and also Saint Stephen's Day. It is also celebrated as Saint Stephen's Day in Ireland and the Catalonia region of Spain. In some European countries,",
"title": "Boxing Day"
},
{
"id": "659761",
"text": "state banks was levied to discourage competition, and by 1865 most state banks had either received national charters or collapsed. The 1864 act, based on a New York State law, brought the federal government into active supervision of commercial banks. It established the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency with the responsibility of chartering, examining and supervising all national banks. On July 13, 1866, the banking Act of 1865 was extended beyond requiring every national banking association, state bank, or state banking association to pay a 10% tax on any notes paid out by them. The act of 1866",
"title": "National Bank Act"
},
{
"id": "10986078",
"text": "At present, the Queen's Official Birthday is marked as a \"de facto\" national day by British diplomatic missions overseas but not in the UK itself. In June 2008, Immigration Minister Liam Byrne suggested the \"August bank holiday\" to be made a weekend of national celebration in a speech to Labour Party and think tank \"Progress\". However, Scotland's August bank holiday is held on a different date from that in Wales and England. He later retracted this—after pressure from the Scottish National Party (SNP) – saying he was merely trying to \"get the debate started\". Angus Robertson MP and Westminster SNP",
"title": "British National Day"
},
{
"id": "9773405",
"text": "the group co-headlined with the Panics on a national tour, with the Bank Holidays releasing their second five-track EP, \"Day for Night\", later that year. Its second track, \"Like a Piano\", was nominated at the WAMi Awards in that year for the Love category for Crombie, Reczek and the group; and its final track, \"Not so Long Ago\", was nominated for the Rock category for Crombie and the group. The Bank Holidays have also played with fellow Australian bands the Lucksmiths, Little Birdy, Youth Group, the Panda Band and Augie March, and have supported international acts, Belle and Sebastian and",
"title": "The Bank Holidays"
},
{
"id": "685687",
"text": "the Visayan Islands, people usually eat \"binignit\" and \"biko\" as a form of fasting. In the UK, Good Friday was historically a common law holiday and is recognised as an official public holiday (also known as a Bank Holiday). All state schools are closed and most businesses treat it as a holiday for staff; however, many retail stores now remain open. Government services in Northern Ireland operate as normal on Good Friday, substituting Easter Tuesday for the holiday. There has traditionally been no horse racing on Good Friday in the UK. However, in 2008, betting shops and stores opened for",
"title": "Good Friday"
},
{
"id": "15550755",
"text": "The 11-day weekend The 11-day weekend was the name given by the British media to the period of time between Friday, 22 April and 2 May 2011. As a moveable feast, the bank holidays for Easter (Good Friday and Easter Monday) can occur any day between 20 March and 26 April. Since the early May Day bank holiday was introduced in 1978 it has occasionally fallen on the Monday immediately after Easter Monday. As this was due to happen in 2011, many forward-thinking workers were able to book four days of holiday that in reality meant 11 days off work.",
"title": "The 11-day weekend"
},
{
"id": "13082927",
"text": "Depression. By this time, 38 states had declared bank holidays. March 9th- The Emergency Banking Act was enacted, which enabled a restructuring of the banking system. Over 4,000 banks with $3.6 billion in deposits that were deemed irreparably insolvent were closed forever, but by March 15th, banks controlling some 90% of the nation's banking activities were back in business. By the end of March, over $1.1 billion in hoarded cash was deposited into the banking system. These new deposits saved cash-starved banks and helped restart the money creation process after years of credit contraction. The Act also created the Federal",
"title": "Timeline of the Great Depression"
},
{
"id": "10252102",
"text": "Public and bank holidays in Scotland Bank and public holidays in Scotland are determined under the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971 and the St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007. Unlike the rest of United Kingdom, most bank holidays are not recognised as statutory public holidays in Scotland, as most public holidays are determined by local authorities across Scotland. Some of these may be taken in lieu of statutory holidays, while others may be additional holidays, although many companies, including Royal Mail, do not follow all the holidays listed below; and many swap between English and local holidays.",
"title": "Public and bank holidays in Scotland"
},
{
"id": "1450719",
"text": "Common year starting on Friday A common year starting on Friday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Friday, 1 January, and ends on Friday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is C. The most recent year of such kind was 2010 and the next one will be 2021 in the Gregorian calendar, or, likewise, 2011 and 2022 in the obsolete Julian calendar. The century year, 2100, will also be a common year starting on Friday in the Gregorian calendar. See below for more. Any common year that starts on Wednesday, Friday or Saturday",
"title": "Common year starting on Friday"
},
{
"id": "15550757",
"text": "Spring and at a time of global recession. These economic “lost 11 days” echo an actual loss of 11 days that happened in 1752. The 11-day weekend The 11-day weekend was the name given by the British media to the period of time between Friday, 22 April and 2 May 2011. As a moveable feast, the bank holidays for Easter (Good Friday and Easter Monday) can occur any day between 20 March and 26 April. Since the early May Day bank holiday was introduced in 1978 it has occasionally fallen on the Monday immediately after Easter Monday. As this was",
"title": "The 11-day weekend"
},
{
"id": "4557482",
"text": "many shops reduce their hours further than their normal Sunday routine. However informally on various days in various areas or streets - usually where one religion accounts for most of the population or has a resonance - in Britain other dates are commonly avoided for business opening and treated as local holidays. Bank holidays may be declared in two ways: Unlike the US, where public holidays falling on a Saturday are sometimes observed on the preceding Friday, British bank holidays are always moved to a \"later\" date, not an earlier one. Although there is no statutory right for workers to",
"title": "Public holidays in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "9773403",
"text": "Bekk's grandparents' farm), who several weeks later in London enlisted old school friend Nat Carson (guitar, piano, vocals) to form the band. On their return to Perth in 2003 they recruited drummer, Ian \"Stafford\" Chater. Late in 2007 Chater was replaced on drums by Stuart Leach. They played their first gig at The Swan Basement in Fremantle under the name Tunnelball, a suggestion from Darren Hanlon. They changed it to the Bank Holidays before their next gig at Perth's Hyde Park Hotel. In September 2004 the band released their debut recording, a five-track extended play, \"Good Looks to Camera\" on",
"title": "The Bank Holidays"
},
{
"id": "8306027",
"text": "takeovers and mergers. These banks, Westminster, National Provincial, Barclays, Lloyds and Midland were eventually reined in by government control. Between the wars, there was a decline to match the general depression of the time. But the banks fought back by taking action to recruit less wealthy customers and by introducing small saving schemes. It would take until 1950 for real recovery where there was a huge increase in provincial branch offices and the emergence of the high street bank. Relaxation of some controls over mergers and acquisitions led to consolidation in the 1960s in which the \"Big Five\" became the",
"title": "Banking in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "659760",
"text": "First and Second Banks of the United States, and served as the predecessor to the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. The act allowed the creation of national banks, set out a plan for establishing a national currency backed by government securities held by other banks, and gave the federal government the ability to sell war bonds and securities (in order to help the war effort). National banks were chartered by the federal government, and were subject to stricter regulation; they had higher capital requirements and were not allowed to loan more than 10% of their holdings. A high tax on",
"title": "National Bank Act"
},
{
"id": "2718874",
"text": "the beginning of Vassa (\"Khao Phansa\"), but instead do observe 1 May as National Labour Day (see below under ). Up until 2016, a mid-year bank holiday was also observed on 1 July (if that date did not fell on a weekend). (Prior to 2007, the beginning of Vassa was observed as a holiday rather than Asalha Puja.) Chinese New Year, Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are also designated as holidays for financial institutions in Narathiwat, Pattani, Yala and Satun Provinces if they do not already fall on a weekend or holiday. These observances are regulated by the government, but",
"title": "Public holidays in Thailand"
},
{
"id": "3300088",
"text": "Congress and the new president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, created a new Emergency Banking Act on March 9, 1933. President Roosevelt announced a \"bank holiday,\" a moratorium on banking activity while federal bank inspectors examined the books in order to determine which financial institutions were viable. After the bank holiday, all financially sound banks would resume business. For persons who were unable to access their accounts, another part of the act authorized the executive branch to reorganize failed banks in order to free up frozen assets. The RFC was empowered to invest financial institution through their preferred stocks. Seventy percent of",
"title": "Jesse H. Jones"
},
{
"id": "6020170",
"text": "banks working together with governments. Global banking and capital market services proliferated during the 1980s after deregulation of financial markets in a number of countries. The 1986 'Big Bang' in London allowing banks to access capital markets in new ways, which led to significant changes to the way banks operated and accessed capital. It also started a trend where retail banks started to acquire investment banks and stock brokers creating universal banks that offered a wide range of banking services. The trend also spread to the US after much of the Glass–Steagall Act was repealed in 1999 (during the Clinton",
"title": "History of banking"
},
{
"id": "18945775",
"text": "Going in Style (2017 film) Going in Style is a 2017 American heist comedy film directed by Zach Braff and written by Theodore Melfi. A remake of the 1979 film \"Going in Style\", it stars Morgan Freeman, Michael Caine, Alan Arkin, Joey King, Matt Dillon, Christopher Lloyd, Ann-Margret, John Ortiz and Siobhan Fallon Hogan. It follows a trio of retirees who plan to rob a bank after their pensions are cancelled. The film premiered at the SVA Theatre on March 30, 2017 and was released in the United States on April 7, 2017. It received mixed reviews from critics and",
"title": "Going in Style (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "1919350",
"text": "banking system, stock market, industry and agriculture. On March 6, two days after taking office, Roosevelt issued a proclamation closing all American banks for four days until Congress could meet in a special session. Ordinarily, such an action would cause widespread panic. But the action created a general sense of relief. First, many states had already closed down the banks before March 6. Second, Roosevelt astutely and euphemistically described it as a \"bank holiday.\" And third, the action demonstrated that the federal government was stepping in to stop the alarming pattern of bank failures. Three days later, President Roosevelt sent",
"title": "History of the United States (1918–1945)"
},
{
"id": "659752",
"text": "National Bank Act The National Banking Acts of 1863 and 1864 were two United States federal banking acts that established a system of national banks, and created the United States National Banking System. They encouraged development of a national currency backed by bank holdings of U.S. Treasury securities and established the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency as part of the United States Department of the Treasury and a system of nationally chartered banks. The Act shaped today's national banking system and its support of a uniform U.S. banking policy. After the expiration of the Second Bank of the",
"title": "National Bank Act"
},
{
"id": "20467860",
"text": "Money in the Bank (2018) Money in the Bank (2018) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event and WWE Network event, produced by WWE for their Raw and SmackDown brands. It took place on June 17, 2018, at the Allstate Arena in the Chicago suburb of Rosemont, Illinois. It was the ninth event under the Money in the Bank chronology. The card comprised eleven matches, including one match on the pre-show. In the main event, Braun Strowman won the men's Money in the Bank ladder match, while Alexa Bliss won the women's Money in the Bank ladder match. Bliss cashed",
"title": "Money in the Bank (2018)"
},
{
"id": "19759760",
"text": "social circles, and philanthropy. In 1840 she organized a fair and its proceeds were used for the completion of the Bunker Hill Monument. She organized a ball and with its proceeds, she secured $10,000 towards purchasing Mt. Vernon. She was the first to celebrate George Washington's birthday regularly, and finally induced the legislature to make 22 February a legal holiday. During the American Civil War, she established the Bank of Faith, and was interested in the relief of soldiers. She headed Boston's Evans House home and hospital, receiving a vote of thanks from the mayor and council. She was the",
"title": "Eliza Henderson Boardman Otis"
},
{
"id": "1383898",
"text": "most European countries, where holidays that coincide with a weekend (29% of fixed-date holidays) are 'lost'. In fact, the average number of non-weekend holidays in such countries is only marginally higher (and in some cases lower) than the UK. Worth mentioning is that public holidays in Europe which fall on Thursday or Tuesday typically become \"puente\" or \"bridge\" four-day or even six-day extended holiday weekends as people tend to use one or two days from their holiday entitlement to take off Monday and/or Friday. There have been calls for more bank holidays. Among the most notable dates absent from the",
"title": "Bank holiday"
},
{
"id": "20687140",
"text": "that they would lose their deposits after a bank failure. In the months after Roosevelt's election, several governors declared bank holidays, temporarily closing banks so that their deposits could not be withdrawn. By the time Roosevelt took office, gubernatorial proclamations had closed the banks in 32 states; in the remaining states, many banks were closed and depositors were permitted to withdraw only five percent of their deposits. On March 5, Roosevelt declared a federal bank holiday, closing every bank in the nation. Though some questioned Roosevelt's constitutional authority to declare a bank holiday, his action received little immediate political resistance",
"title": "First and second terms of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt"
},
{
"id": "18739677",
"text": "movement would have to end. Corbyn emphasised Labour's support for a \"jobs-first Brexit\" that \"safeguards the future of Britain's vital industries\". Labour proposed the creation of four new bank holidays, marking the feast days of the patron saints of the United Kingdom's constituent nations. On 27 April the party pledged to build 1 million new homes over five years. Labour's proposal to employ 10,000 new police officers was overshadowed when Shadow Home Secretary Diane Abbott cited incorrect figures in an LBC interview on how it would be funded. Labour later stated that the £300 million cost would be funded by",
"title": "2017 United Kingdom general election"
},
{
"id": "15618448",
"text": "Congress the Emergency Banking Act, drafted in large part by Hoover's top advisors. The act was passed and signed into law the same day. It provided for a system of reopening sound banks under Treasury supervision, with federal loans available if needed. Three-quarters of the banks in the Federal Reserve System reopened within the next three days. Billions of dollars in hoarded currency and gold flowed back into them within a month, thus stabilizing the banking system. By the end of 1933, 4,004 small local banks were permanently closed and merged into larger banks. (Their depositors eventually received on average",
"title": "History of banking in the United States"
},
{
"id": "9901247",
"text": "St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007 The St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007 is an Act of the Scottish Parliament that officially designates St. Andrew's Day (30 November) to be a bank holiday in Scotland. The Bill that led to the Act being passed was first proposed by Dennis Canavan, Independent Member of the Scottish Parliament for Falkirk West in 2003. The first reading of the bill was rejected in 2005 by the Parliament; with the Scottish Executive opposed to the idea of another bank holiday, and the Scottish Chambers of Commerce claiming that an extra",
"title": "St Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007"
},
{
"id": "14044646",
"text": "used for the official website. On 5 January 2010, the Lord President of the Council and Business Secretary Lord Mandelson announced that an extra bank holiday would take place on 5 June 2012. Moving the Spring Bank Holiday (the last Monday in May) to 4 June resulted in a four-day holiday in honour of the Diamond Jubilee. As national holidays are a devolved matter, Scotland's first minister confirmed that the bank holiday would be held on 5 June in Scotland. Some economists later theorised that the holiday could reduce the country's gross domestic product by 0.5% in the second quarter",
"title": "Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II"
},
{
"id": "16234091",
"text": "means, such as EFTPOS). The tax was introduced by the federal government in 1982. The power to levy the tax was transferred to the states in 1990, except for Norfolk Island which did not charge it. The tax was abolished by the states on dates between 1 July 2002 and 1 July 2005 as part of the package of reforms for the introduction of the goods and services tax. As globalization eroded the efficiency of conventional taxes such as value added taxes, various Latin American countries applied new taxation levied on bank transactions. Argentina introduced a bank transaction tax in",
"title": "Bank transaction tax"
}
] | when did new years day become bank holiday |
|
| [
{
"id": "6033381",
"text": "Standing on the shoulders of giants The metaphor of dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants () expresses the meaning of \"discovering truth by building on previous discoveries\". This concept has been traced to the 12th century, attributed to Bernard of Chartres. Its most familiar expression in English is by Isaac Newton in 1675: \"If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.\" The attribution to Bernard of Chartres is due to John of Salisbury. In 1159, John wrote in his \"Metalogicon\": \"Bernard of Chartres used to compare us to dwarfs perched on the shoulders",
"title": "Standing on the shoulders of giants"
},
{
"id": "6033390",
"text": "calling to his brother through the desolate intervals of time,\" an idea he got from Schopenhauer's work in \"Der handschriftliche Nachlass\". Standing on the shoulders of giants The metaphor of dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants () expresses the meaning of \"discovering truth by building on previous discoveries\". This concept has been traced to the 12th century, attributed to Bernard of Chartres. Its most familiar expression in English is by Isaac Newton in 1675: \"If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.\" The attribution to Bernard of Chartres is due to John of",
"title": "Standing on the shoulders of giants"
},
{
"id": "191912",
"text": "to establish.\" English poet Alexander Pope wrote the famous epitaph: Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night;<br> God said \"Let Newton be\" and all was light. Newton was relatively modest about his achievements, writing in a letter to Robert Hooke in February 1676: If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants. Two writers think that the above quotation, written at a time when Newton and Hooke were in dispute over optical discoveries, was an oblique attack on Hooke (said to have been short and hunchbacked), rather than—or in addition to—a statement of modesty.",
"title": "Isaac Newton"
},
{
"id": "6033382",
"text": "of giants. He pointed out that we see more and farther than our predecessors, not because we have keener vision or greater height, but because we are lifted up and borne aloft on their gigantic stature.\" According to medieval historian Richard William Southern, Bernard was comparing contemporary 12th century scholars to the ancient scholars of Greece and Rome: [The phrase] sums up the quality of the cathedral schools in the history of learning, and indeed characterizes the age which opened with Gerbert (950–1003) and Fulbert (960–1028) and closed in the first quarter of the 12th century with Peter Abelard. [The",
"title": "Standing on the shoulders of giants"
},
{
"id": "6033386",
"text": "had become commonplace. Robert Burton, in \"The Anatomy of Melancholy\" (1621), quotes Stella thus: I say with Didacus Stella, a dwarf standing on the shoulders of a giant may see farther than a giant himself. Later editors of Burton misattributed the quote to Lucan; in their hands Burton's attribution \"Didacus Stella, in luc 10, tom. ii\" \"Didacus on the Gospel of \"Luke\", chapter 10; volume 2\" became a reference to Lucan's \"Pharsalia\" 2.10. No reference or allusion to the quote is found there. Later in the 17th century, George Herbert, in his \"Jacula Prudentum\" (1651), wrote \"A dwarf on a",
"title": "Standing on the shoulders of giants"
},
{
"id": "6033383",
"text": "phrase] is not a great claim; neither, however, is it an example of abasement before the shrine of antiquity. It is a very shrewd and just remark, and the important and original point was the dwarf \"could\" see a little further than the giant. That this was possible was above all due to the cathedral schools with their lack of a well-rooted tradition and their freedom from a clearly defined routine of study. The phrase also appears in the works of the Jewish tosaphist Isaiah di Trani (c. 1180 – c. 1250): Should Joshua the son of Nun endorse a",
"title": "Standing on the shoulders of giants"
},
{
"id": "6033387",
"text": "giant's shoulders sees farther of the two.\" Isaac Newton remarked in a letter to his rival Robert Hooke dated February 5, 1676 [O.S.] (February 15, 1676 [N.S.]) that: What Des-Cartes did was a good step. You have added much several ways, & especially in taking the colours of thin plates into philosophical consideration. If I have seen further it is by standing on the sholders of Giants. This has recently been interpreted by a few writers as a sarcastic remark directed at Hooke's appearance. Although Hooke was not of particularly short stature, he was of slight build and had been",
"title": "Standing on the shoulders of giants"
},
{
"id": "1760380",
"text": "by violating the norm of universalism: a few top scientists enjoying large chunks of awards, grants and jobs, and the spread and distribution of resources and recognition among scientists being highly skewed. Merton referred to his book \"On the Shoulders of Giants: A Shandean Postscript\" as \"OTSOG\"—\"part parody and part history of ideas\" according to the publisher. In OTSOG, he traces the history of Newton's famous comment \"If I have seen farther, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants\" back to centuries earlier, in the rambling style of Laurence Sterne's \"The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman\".",
"title": "Robert K. Merton"
},
{
"id": "6033385",
"text": "responded: \"Who sees further a dwarf or a giant? Surely a giant for his eyes are situated at a higher level than those of the dwarf. But if the dwarf is placed on the shoulders of the giant who sees further? ... So too we are dwarfs astride the shoulders of giants. We master their wisdom and move beyond it. Due to their wisdom we grow wise and are able to say all that we say, but not because we are greater than they. Diego de Estella took up the quote in the 16th century; by the 17th century it",
"title": "Standing on the shoulders of giants"
},
{
"id": "2917629",
"text": "giants.Noel Gallagher saw the quote on the side of a £2 coin, first released to the public in 1998, while in a pub and liked it so much he thought it would be a suitable name for Oasis' new album. He then wrote the name on the side of a cigarette packet while drunk. When he awoke in the morning, he realised he had written \"Standing on the \"Shoulder\" of Giants\". Due to the departure of Alan McGee and two original band members, Bonehead and Guigsy, while the album was still in production, their parts had to be re-recorded for",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulder of Giants"
},
{
"id": "191913",
"text": "On the other hand, the widely known proverb about standing on the shoulders of giants, published among others by seventeenth-century poet George Herbert (a former orator of the University of Cambridge and fellow of Trinity College) in his \"Jacula Prudentum\" (1651), had as its main point that \"a dwarf on a giant's shoulders sees farther of the two\", and so its effect as an analogy would place Newton himself rather than Hooke as the 'dwarf'. In a later memoir, Newton wrote: I do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been",
"title": "Isaac Newton"
},
{
"id": "2917628",
"text": "Arthurs and Paul \"Guigsy\" McGuigan) and hired new producer Mark \"Spike\" Stent to replace Owen Morris. The album is a modern psychedelic record complete with drum loops, samples, electric sitar, mellotron, synthesizers and backward guitars, resulting in an album more experimental with electronica and heavy psychedelic rock influences. Songs such as \"Go Let It Out\", the Indian-influenced \"Who Feels Love?\", and the progressive \"Gas Panic!\" were a departure from the band's earlier style. The album's title was taken from the words made famous by Sir Isaac Newton: If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulder of Giants"
},
{
"id": "6033388",
"text": "afflicted from his youth with a severe kyphosis. However, at this time Hooke and Newton were on good terms and had exchanged many letters in tones of mutual regard. Only later, when Robert Hooke criticized some of Newton's ideas regarding optics, was Newton so offended that he withdrew from public debate. The two men remained enemies until Hooke's death. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, in \"The Friend\" (1828), wrote: The dwarf sees farther than the giant, when he has the giant's shoulder to mount on. Against this notion, Friedrich Nietzsche argues that a dwarf (the academic scholar) brings even the most sublime",
"title": "Standing on the shoulders of giants"
},
{
"id": "13546226",
"text": "saying first attributed to Bernard of Chartres. It was most famously used by the 17th-century scientist Isaac Newton and is also inscribed on the edge of the British £2 coin. The album was re-titled \"Tribe of Gypsies III\" for the European market and released by Bruce Dickinson's Air Raid label. The album contains a cover of \"Parisienne Walkways\" (dedicated to Philomena Lynott in the liner notes), originally written by Phil Lynott for Gary Moore's 1979 \"Back On The Streets\" album. The track also appears on \"The Spirit of the Black Rose - A Tribute to Philip Parris Lynott\", released by",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulders of Giants (Tribe of Gypsies album)"
},
{
"id": "9012143",
"text": "worth were necessary to receive recognition for progress in scientific methodology, but were not made to denigrate the humanities. Statements such as Isaac Newton's less than original \"If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.\" was recognition not only of other previous leaders in the Scientific Revolution, but of the Ancients who provided foundations in the sciences and humanities. Gould cites George Hakewill, Archdeacon of Surrey's 1628 essay in defense of Modernist convictions. There Hakewill argues against both the common belief that the Universe was in constant decay and the Renaissance portrayal of Ancients",
"title": "The Hedgehog, the Fox, and the Magister's Pox"
},
{
"id": "4610278",
"text": "Google Scholar arose out of a discussion between Alex Verstak and Anurag Acharya, both of whom were then working on building Google's main web index. Their goal was to \"make the world's problem solvers 10% more efficient\" by allowing easier and more accurate access to scientific knowledge. This goal is reflected in the Google Scholar's advertising slogan – \"Stand on the shoulders of giants\" – taken from a by holy Bernard of Chartres and is a nod to the scholars who have contributed to their fields over the centuries, providing the foundation for new intellectual achievements. Scholar has gained a",
"title": "Google Scholar"
},
{
"id": "6033389",
"text": "heights down to his level of understanding. In the section of \"Thus Spoke Zarathustra\" (1882) entitled \"On the Vision and the Riddle\", Zarathustra climbs to great heights with a dwarf on his shoulders to show him his greatest thought. Once there however, the dwarf fails to understand the profundity of the vision and Zarathustra reproaches him for \"making things too easy on [him]self.\" If there is to be anything resembling \"progress\" in the history of philosophy, Nietzsche in \"Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks\" (1873) writes, it can only come from those rare giants among men, \"each giant",
"title": "Standing on the shoulders of giants"
},
{
"id": "6033384",
"text": "mistaken position, I would reject it out of hand, I do not hesitate to express my opinion, regarding such matters in accordance with the modicum of intelligence allotted to me. I was never arrogant claiming \"My Wisdom served me well\". Instead I applied to myself the parable of the philosophers. For I heard the following from the philosophers, The wisest of the philosophers was asked: \"We admit that our predecessors were wiser than we. At the same time we criticize their comments, often rejecting them and claiming that the truth rests with us. How is this possible?\" The wise philosopher",
"title": "Standing on the shoulders of giants"
},
{
"id": "4455701",
"text": "of some Moderns. The attack on authority in literary criticism had analogues in the rise of scientific inquiry, and the Moderns' challenge to authority in literature foreshadowed a later extension of challenging inquiry in systems of politics and religion. In the 17th century, Sir William Temple argued against the Modern position in his essay \"On Ancient and Modern Learning\"; therein he repeated the commonplace, originally from Bernard of Chartres, that we see more only because we are dwarves standing on the shoulders of giants. Temple's essay prompted a small flurry of responses. Among others, two men who took the side",
"title": "Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns"
},
{
"id": "2518177",
"text": "Sir William Temple published an answer to Fontenelle entitled \"Of Ancient and Modern Learning\" in 1690. His essay introduced two metaphors to the debate that would be reused by later authors. First, he proposed that modern man was just a dwarf standing upon the \"shoulders of giants\" (that modern man saw farther because he begins with the observations and learning of the ancients). They possessed a clear view of nature, and modern man only reflected/refined their vision. These metaphors, of the dwarf/giant and the reflecting/emanative light, would show up in Swift's satire and others. Temple's essay was answered by Richard",
"title": "The Battle of the Books"
},
{
"id": "2917631",
"text": "here, for example the Empire State Building is seen in front and the former World Trade Center is seen in the back. To create the cover photo, the photographer captured the same frame every half an hour in 18 hours during the whole day's course; the photos were digitally composited into the final picture. All of the singles released from this album contained artwork that was based on the album artwork; the shot used for \"Go Let It Out\" can be seen above one of the buildings at the front, which depicts five men playing football. This shot was taken",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulder of Giants"
},
{
"id": "2917627",
"text": "Standing on the Shoulder of Giants Standing on the Shoulder of Giants is the fourth studio album by English rock band Oasis, released on 28 February 2000 by Big Brother Records. It is the 16th fastest selling album in UK chart history, selling over 310,000 copies in its first week. \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\" has been certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry and has sold around 208,000 copies in the US. In 1999, the year preceding the final release of this album, Alan McGee closed Creation Records and Oasis had lost two founding members (Paul \"Bonehead\"",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulder of Giants"
},
{
"id": "11352215",
"text": "by standing on the shoulders of giants.\" In the introduction to \"On Giants' Shoulders\" Bragg writes that the world of science was one of mystery and could not be entered nor understood by non-scientists such as himself. Thus he wrote this book, along with scientists, to open a door for other non-scientists to view the world of science as it has been for the past 2,500 years. By doing so, and by explaining the works of the greatest scientists in vernacular understandable by non-scientists, he aims to make the world of science less exclusive and mysterious. On Giants' Shoulders On",
"title": "On Giants' Shoulders"
},
{
"id": "651126",
"text": "heroic tales of Torquato Tasso, Ludovico Ariosto, and their follower Edmund Spenser. In the small Scottish village of Kinloch Rannoch, a local myth to this effect concerns a local hill that apparently resembles the head, shoulders, and torso of a man, and has therefore been termed 'the sleeping giant'. Apparently the giant will awaken only if a specific musical instrument is played near the hill. Other giants, perhaps descended from earlier Germanic mythology, feature as frequent opponents of Dietrich von Bern in medieval German tales – in later portrayals Dietrich himself and his fellow heroes also became giants. Many giants",
"title": "Giant"
},
{
"id": "11352214",
"text": "On Giants' Shoulders On Giants' Shoulders was written in 1998 by Melvyn Bragg. The book was assembled after a series of interviews Bragg had with current scientists about the world's greatest scientists such as Archimedes, Isaac Newton and Einstein. Bragg, who brands himself as a \"non-scientist\", conducted these interviews on BBC Radio 4 for other non-scientists. The book looks at the notion of being a \"genius\" and through discussions with 20th-century scientists explores the extent to which the great scientists of history were geniuses. The book's title is taken from Newton's 1675 quote: \"If I have seen further it is",
"title": "On Giants' Shoulders"
},
{
"id": "20289782",
"text": "the shoulders of giants.\" The chorus and verses for the song were developed separately and are set to different tempos; according to Lights, this created a \"challenging structure\" to deal with, but the writers were determined to mesh the two parts. \"Giants\" debuted at number 41 on the Canada Hot AC chart dated August 12, 2017 and has since reached a peak of 14. \"Giants\" also debuted at number 39 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Pop Songs chart dated August 19, 2017. This made it Lights' first song to chart in the United States. The accompanying music video for \"Giants\" was",
"title": "Giants (Lights song)"
},
{
"id": "20289781",
"text": "Giants (Lights song) \"Giants\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer and songwriter Lights for her fourth studio album, \"Skin & Earth\" (2017). Lights co-wrote the song with Iain James and the track's producer, Mick Schultz. It was released on June 23, 2017 as the album's lead single. \"Giants\" was serviced to American hot adult contemporary radio on July 24, 2017. In January 2018, four new versions of the song, recorded in Japanese, French, Spanish and Tagalog, were released. The title and hook for the song were inspired by a phrase featured on British currency: \"And we will ride on",
"title": "Giants (Lights song)"
},
{
"id": "1353506",
"text": "time he composed his greatest works, published almost certainly in 1159, the \"Policraticus, sive de nugis curialium et de vestigiis philosophorum\" and the \"Metalogicon\", writings invaluable as storehouses of information regarding the matter and form of scholastic education, and remarkable for their cultivated style and humanist tendency. The \"Policraticus\" also sheds light on the decadence of the 12th-century court manners and the lax ethics of royalty. The idea of contemporaries \"standing on the shoulders of giants\" of Antiquity first appears in written form in the \"Metalogicon\". After the death of Theobald in 1161, John continued as secretary to his successor,",
"title": "John of Salisbury"
},
{
"id": "13546227",
"text": "Swedish label Record Heaven in 2001. Another song, \"Over All\", written with Downset's Rey Oropeza, is uncredited and plays at roughly the 10-minute mark of \"Parisienne Walkways\". \"The Flower\" was co-written by Roy Z and Bruce Dickinson of Iron Maiden. Sian Llewellyn of Classic Rock magazine called the album \"\"a summer stunner.\"\" Musicians Contributions - Juan Perez : bass on \"Rays Of The Sun\", \"Admit It\" and \"It Don't Bother Me\"<br> - Roy Z : bass on \"The Flower\", \"Angel\" and \"Dreams\" Production Credits<br> All tracks produced, mixed and engineered by Roy Z & Joe Floyd<br> except tracks 2, 3",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulders of Giants (Tribe of Gypsies album)"
},
{
"id": "2917637",
"text": "every two years.\" Standing on the Shoulder of Giants Standing on the Shoulder of Giants is the fourth studio album by English rock band Oasis, released on 28 February 2000 by Big Brother Records. It is the 16th fastest selling album in UK chart history, selling over 310,000 copies in its first week. \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\" has been certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry and has sold around 208,000 copies in the US. In 1999, the year preceding the final release of this album, Alan McGee closed Creation Records and Oasis had lost two founding",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulder of Giants"
},
{
"id": "2917630",
"text": "legal reasons. Thus, the album only features the Gallagher brothers and Alan White, and the sleeve of the album also features them. Noel decided to drop the equipment used in the three previous albums and instead buy \"loads of really weird pedals, old guitars, and small amps\", as the lack of deadline to deliver the album allowed Gallagher to \"take quite a few days just messing around\" and attempt new musical sonorities. The album's artwork features the photo of the Manhattan skyline taken from the rooftop of 500 Fifth Avenue (5th Ave/W 42nd St). Some famous buildings can be seen",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulder of Giants"
},
{
"id": "13221179",
"text": "Metaform Metaform (born Justice Aaron) is an American music producer, musician, and songwriter with numerous LP and EP releases. He is considered a prominent figure in the development of instrumental Hip-Hop and Trance. He first gained notice in 2008 with the release of his debut album \"Standing on the Shoulders of Giants\", which was constructed entirely from old vinyl samples. Metaform grew up in Los Angeles in a musical household. His Dad played Leonard Cohen, Simon & Garfunkel, and Ravi Shankar records, while Mom listened to Whitney Houston and Curtis Mayfield. His parents divorced in 1988 and soon after he",
"title": "Metaform"
},
{
"id": "5076400",
"text": "the sea. It also mentions that the giants devoured the flesh of one another and they drank the blood. [7] This act of drinking blood would have horrified the people.[8]There is further evidence of this in Leviticus 17:10-16. In this passage there are strict rules regarding the blood of the animal. In verse 10 and 11, it says, “I will set my face against any Israelite or any foreigner residing among them who eats blood and I will cut them off from the people. For the life of the creature is in the blood.” The text relates how some giants,",
"title": "The Book of Giants"
},
{
"id": "17738217",
"text": "On the Shoulders of Giants (film) On the Shoulders of Giants: The Story of the Greatest Team You Never Heard Of is a 2011 historical sports documentary film directed by Deborah Morales, written by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Anna Waterhouse. This film tells the story of the All-Black professional basketball team the New York Renaissance or Harlem Rens. The story of the Harlem Rens and the playing style they exhibited was exactly like the popular brand-new sound of that era, jazz. Like jazz, the Rens were brash, young, strong, and black; all of which frightened the status quo. Which meant that,",
"title": "On the Shoulders of Giants (film)"
},
{
"id": "17738221",
"text": "another black powerhouse, the Harlem Globetrotters. If they became victorious, following that game would be their first “official” contest against a white team: the previous year’s champions, the Oshkosh All-Stars. And nobody, but nobody, thought the Rens were ready. This film has several noteworthy interviews, including with: Rev. Al Sharpton, Maya Angelou, Cornel West, Rev. Jesse Jackson, Richard Lapchick, Spike Lee, Bob Costas, Dick Enberg, Charles Barkley, John Wooden, David Stern, Bill Russell, Dr. J, Clyde Drexler, Carmelo Anthony On the Shoulders of Giants (film) On the Shoulders of Giants: The Story of the Greatest Team You Never Heard Of",
"title": "On the Shoulders of Giants (film)"
},
{
"id": "13743472",
"text": "Due to Liam being drunk at the second concert, voiceovers were used from concerts in Yokohama. The second Wembley Stadium concert was also broadcast worldwide the same evening. Noel Gallagher dedicated the song \"Hey Hey My My\" to Kurt Cobain when they played in his hometown of Seattle on the sixth anniversary of his death. Four warm up dates took place in the United States in December 1999, before the main tour started. This set list is representative of the performance on 21 July 2000 at Wembley Stadium in London. It does not represent the set list at all concerts",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulder of Giants Tour"
},
{
"id": "20004805",
"text": "2017. The lead single from the album, titled \"Giants\" was released on 17 February 2017. It was written by Gary Barlow, Howard Donald, Mark Owen, Jamie Norton and Ben Mark. The production of the song was handled by Mark Ralph, who has previously produced songs for Clean Bandit and Years & Years. In addition, Ralph also provided the bass, guitars, synthesizers and the programming. Drew Smith and Tom AD Fuller, served as the song's engineers, whilst Charlie Russel did the additional engineering and the keys programming. Fuller also provided additional backing vocals alongside Geoff Holroyde. The mixing of \"Giants\" was",
"title": "Giants (Take That song)"
},
{
"id": "17268898",
"text": "300 children and is self-sustaining. Bolton’s book, Successful Property Investing, was an Amazon bestseller and has been updated three times since first publication in 2008. He is also a keynote speaker having spoken on stages alongside Richard Reed (Innocent), Simon Woodroffe (YO!), James Caan (Dragons Den), Kriss Akabussi (World Champion athlete), Davina McCall, Ben Fogle, Michael Gerber (Emyth) and many others. His primary keynote talk is ‘Standing on the Shoulders of Giants’ which promotes the core concept Bolton believes in passionately - ‘everyone should have a mentor’. Bolton also speaks regularly and for free at local schools and universities on",
"title": "Steve Bolton (entrepreneur)"
},
{
"id": "12362994",
"text": "working title throughout its writing was \"The Strike\", but thinking this title would have revealed the mystery element of the novel prematurely, Rand was pleased when her husband suggested \"Atlas Shrugged\", previously the title of a single chapter, for the book. The title is a reference to Atlas, a Titan of Greek mythology, described in the novel as \"the giant who holds the world on his shoulders\". The significance of this reference appears in a conversation between the characters Francisco d'Anconia and Hank Rearden, in which d'Anconia asks Rearden what advice he would give Atlas upon seeing \"the greater [the",
"title": "Atlas Shrugged"
},
{
"id": "13546225",
"text": "Standing on the Shoulders of Giants (Tribe of Gypsies album) Standing on the Shoulders of Giants is the third full-length album by San Fernando Valley, California-based Latin rock band Tribe of Gypsies. It marks the swan song for percussionist Mario Aguilar and bassist Eddie Casillas, who was replaced by Juan Perez (ex-Civil Defiance) for the final three songs the band recorded for the album, which bears the distinction of being the first album released in the new millennium, with a release date of January 1, 2000, in Japan. The album title \"Standing On The Shoulders Of Giants\" refers to a",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulders of Giants (Tribe of Gypsies album)"
},
{
"id": "5076393",
"text": "The Book of Giants The Book of Giants is an apocryphal Jewish book which expands a narrative in the Hebrew Bible. Its discovery at Qumran dates the text's creation to before the 2nd century BC. The \"Book of Giants\" is an antediluvian (pre-flood) narrative that was received primarily in Manichaean literature and known at Turpan. However, the earliest known traditions for the book originate in Aramaic copies of a \"Book of Giants\" in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Furthermore, references are found in: Genesis 6:1-4, 1 Enoch, and visions in Daniel 7:9-14. This book tells of the background and fate of",
"title": "The Book of Giants"
},
{
"id": "2917636",
"text": "the week following the episode's airing. In March 2000, the IFPI certififed Oasis for selling one million units of the album in Europe. Eleven years after its release, Noel Gallagher said he regretted releasing the album, saying he was not feeling inspired as a composer, particularly for going off his drug addiction with prescription drugs, \"which is fucking worse because they come from a doctor.\" This was partly a motivation to delegate the songwriting to the other bandmembers in later albums, as Noel considered \"I'd slowed down as a writer and didn't feel like I could keep writing 20 songs",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulder of Giants"
},
{
"id": "651103",
"text": "Giant Giants (from Latin and Ancient Greek: \"gigas\", cognate giga-) are beings of human appearance, but of prodigious size and strength common in the mythology and legends of many different cultures. The word \"giant\", first attested in 1297, was derived from the \"Gigantes\" () of Greek mythology. In various Indo-European mythologies, gigantic peoples are featured as primeval creatures associated with chaos and the wild nature, and they are frequently in conflict with the gods, be they Olympian, Celtic, Hindu or Norse. Giants also often play similar roles in the mythologies and folklore of other, non Indo-European peoples, such as in",
"title": "Giant"
},
{
"id": "20004804",
"text": "Giants (Take That song) \"Giants\" is a song recorded by English band Take That for their eighth studio album, \"Wonderland\" (2017). It was written by Gary Barlow, Howard Donald, Mark Owen, Jamie Norton, and Ben Mark, while the production was done by Mark Ralph. It was released as the lead single from \"Wonderland\" on 17 February 2017 through Polydor Records. On 22 October 2016, Take That announced that they would be releasing their eighth studio album, \"Wonderland\" in early 2017. At the same time, they also posted the dates for their tour, titled Wonderland Live, set to begin in May",
"title": "Giants (Take That song)"
},
{
"id": "10326052",
"text": "Willie Mac Award The Willie Mac Award is named in honor of Willie McCovey. It has been presented annually since 1980 to the most inspirational player on the San Francisco Giants, as voted upon by Giants players, coaches, training staff, and more recently, Giants fans. McCovey personally presented the winner with the award in a pregame ceremony at AT&T Park near the conclusion of each season until his death on October 31, 2018. Plaques with the names of each winner are placed in the ground surrounding the statue of Willie McCovey on the southern shore of China Basin, unofficially known",
"title": "Willie Mac Award"
},
{
"id": "651107",
"text": "biblical giants. The 1st-century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, and the 1st-2nd-century BC Dead Sea Scrolls give Goliath's height as \"four cubits and a span,\" approximately 2.00 m or about six feet seven inches. The King James translation of the Bible reports the giant Goliath as \"six cubits and a span\" in height—about nine feet nine inches tall, (over 2.75 m) ( KJV), but the Septuagint, a Greek Bible, gives Goliath's height as \"four cubits and a span\" (~2.00 m). For comparison, the Anakites are described as making the Israelites seem like grasshoppers. See also Gibborim. Josephus also described the Amorites",
"title": "Giant"
},
{
"id": "651104",
"text": "the Nartian traditions. There are also accounts of giants in the Old Testament. Some of these are called Nephilim, a word often translated as giant although this translation is not universally accepted. They include Og King of Bashan, the Nephilim, the Anakim, and the giants of Egypt mentioned in 1 Chronicles 11:23. The first mention of the Nephilim is found in Genesis 6:4; attributed to them are extraordinary strength and physical proportions. Fairy tales such as \"Jack the Giant Killer\" have formed the modern perception of giants as stupid and violent monsters, sometimes said to eat humans, while other giants",
"title": "Giant"
},
{
"id": "651109",
"text": "or \"jabbirun\" ( \"tyrants\" or \"giants\"; singular, ) such as Jalut (Goliath) are mentioned, as well as ‘Uj ibn Anaq. The Book of Enoch describes giants as the offspring of Watchers and women in 7:2. Hayk was known as the founder of the Armenian state. Hayk was part of a race of giants who helped construct the tower of Babel. Ancient historian Movses Khorenatsi wrote, \"Hayk was handsome and personable, with curly hair, sparkling eyes and strong arms. Among the giants he was the bravest and most famous, opponent of all who raised their hand to become absolute ruler over",
"title": "Giant"
},
{
"id": "774422",
"text": "Anakim Anakim ( \"‘Ǎnāqîm \") were described as a race of giants, descended from Anak, according to the Tanakh. They were said to have lived in the southern part of the land of Canaan, near Hebron (Gen. 23:2; Josh. 15:13). According to they inhabited the region later known as Edom and Moab in the days of Abraham. Their name may come from a Hebrew root meaning \"necklace\" or \"neck-chain\". Their formidable appearance, as described by the Twelve Spies sent to search the land, filled the Israelites with terror. The Israelites seem to have identified them with the Nephilim, the giants",
"title": "Anakim"
},
{
"id": "651112",
"text": "giants are held accountable for the creation of many stone formations, hills and ages-old megalithic structures (dolmens, etc.), with similar explanations provided in different spots. However, giants show different variants and forms, they are most frequently referred to as jentilak and mairuak, while as individuals they can be represented as Basajaun ('the lord of the forests'), Sanson (development of the biblical Samson), Errolan (based on the Frankish army general Roland who fell dead at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass) or even Tartalo (a one-eyed giant akin to the Greek Cyclops). In Bulgarian mythology, giants called ispolini inhabited the Earth before",
"title": "Giant"
},
{
"id": "7184604",
"text": "of our old authorities and the insignificance of ourselves. But we are in the position of pygmies that ride on the shoulders of giants. Pygmies though we are, we see farther than the giants when we use their knowledge and experience.\" Additions to the \"Shibbole ha-Leḳeṭ\" were made by Zedekiah himself in a work the title of which is no longer known: these additions also contain a large number of responsa. It is usually cited, however, as \"Issur wa-Hetter\" (Things Forbidden and Allowed). A complete edition of the \"Shibbole ha-Leḳeṭ\" was published by Solomon Buber in 1886 at Wilna. The",
"title": "Zedekiah ben Abraham Anaw"
},
{
"id": "2917632",
"text": "from the roof of a football stadium, and the footballers from the car park were edited onto the rooftop on the final cover. The album at first received generally mixed reviews from the media. It was a darker album possibly reflecting the times, or perhaps reflecting the loss of two original members. Noel has said, \"\"Even though it wasn't our finest hour, it's a good album born through tough times. I worked harder on that album than anything before and anything since.\"\" Noel was forced to play nearly all the instruments on the album, with help of some additional musicians.",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulder of Giants"
},
{
"id": "13546228",
"text": "& 4 produced by Richard Polodor, mixed by Richard Polodor & Bill Cooper, and engineered by Bill Cooper<br> Recorded at Silver Cloud, Burbank, CA, American, Woodland Hills, CA & Rumba House, Sylmar, CA Standing on the Shoulders of Giants (Tribe of Gypsies album) Standing on the Shoulders of Giants is the third full-length album by San Fernando Valley, California-based Latin rock band Tribe of Gypsies. It marks the swan song for percussionist Mario Aguilar and bassist Eddie Casillas, who was replaced by Juan Perez (ex-Civil Defiance) for the final three songs the band recorded for the album, which bears the",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulders of Giants (Tribe of Gypsies album)"
},
{
"id": "2268869",
"text": "affectionately known as the \"Gentle Giant\". The 1998 song \"The Giant of Illinois\", by The Handsome Family (and later covered by Andrew Bird) honors Wadlow. In 2005, Sufjan Stevens recorded \"The Tallest Man, the Broadest Shoulders\" about Wadlow for the \"Illinois\" album. A picture of Wadlow with his family is featured on the back cover of the VHS version of the Talking Heads music video compilation, \"Storytelling Giant\". Robert Wadlow Robert Pershing Wadlow (February 22, 1918 – July 15, 1940), also known as the Alton Giant and the Giant of Illinois, was an American who became famous as the tallest",
"title": "Robert Wadlow"
},
{
"id": "837611",
"text": "of red-hot metal from two pairs of tongs, Poseidon, with Nisyros on his shoulder, stabbing a fallen Giant with his trident and Hermes with his \"petasos\" hanging in back of his head, attacking another fallen Giant. None of the Giants are named. Phidias used the theme for the metopes of the east façade of the Parthenon (c. 445 BC) and for the interior of the shield of Athena Parthenos. Phidias' work perhaps marks the beginning of a change in the way the Giants are presented. While previously the Giants had been portrayed as typical hoplite warriors armed with the usual",
"title": "Giants (Greek mythology)"
},
{
"id": "15685936",
"text": "Giants (esotericism) In esoteric and occult teachings, giants are beings who live on spiritual, etheric and physical planes of existence. Giants were a popular theme in theosophical literature, Atlantis, lost continents and later the earth mysteries movement of Britain in the 1970s. The concept of giants was discussed by the theosophist and occult author Blavatsky who wrote about the existence of giants in her book \"The Secret Doctrine\" connecting them to her theory of root races and claiming they correspond with Hindu cycle of the universe. According to theosophists, ape-like giants were the third root race who lived on the",
"title": "Giants (esotericism)"
},
{
"id": "20004807",
"text": "arenas. It’s also got a damn catchy chorus too that wouldn't be too far out of place on a recent Coldplay album.\" The single debuted at 13 in the UK, becoming Take That's 24th UK top 20 single. However, it was the week's highest selling physical release. It performed well on the Scottish charts: entering the top 10 at number 6, whilst it also reached 86 on the Irish charts. Credits adapted from \"Giants\" physical CD single. Giants (Take That song) \"Giants\" is a song recorded by English band Take That for their eighth studio album, \"Wonderland\" (2017). It was",
"title": "Giants (Take That song)"
},
{
"id": "837607",
"text": "against Athena and (again) Polybotes, who in this case battles Poseidon with his trident holding the island of Nisyros on his shoulder (Louvre E732). This motif of Poseidon holding the island of Nisyros, ready to hurl it at his opponent, is another frequent feature of these early Gigantomachies. The Gigantomachy was also a popular theme in late sixth century sculpture. The most comprehensive treatment is found on the north frieze of the Siphnian Treasury at Delphi (c. 525 BC), with more than thirty figures, named by inscription. From left to right, these include Hephaestus (with bellows), two females fighting two",
"title": "Giants (Greek mythology)"
},
{
"id": "420233",
"text": "\"Hot Dog!\", the song used at the end of the show. The song references Mickey's first spoken words in the 1929 short The Karnival Kid. They also recorded a cover of the Disney song, \"There's a Great Big Beautiful Tomorrow\" for the movie \"Meet the Robinsons\" and wrote and performed the theme song for \"The Drinky Crow Show\". The band was recruited to provide original songs for the Henry Selick-directed movie of Neil Gaiman's children's book \"Coraline\" but were dropped because their music was not \"creepy\" enough. Only one song, titled \"Other Father Song\", was kept for the film with",
"title": "They Might Be Giants"
},
{
"id": "5076405",
"text": "to a lack of overall use after it was replaced by the Book of Parables. The Book of Giants The Book of Giants is an apocryphal Jewish book which expands a narrative in the Hebrew Bible. Its discovery at Qumran dates the text's creation to before the 2nd century BC. The \"Book of Giants\" is an antediluvian (pre-flood) narrative that was received primarily in Manichaean literature and known at Turpan. However, the earliest known traditions for the book originate in Aramaic copies of a \"Book of Giants\" in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Furthermore, references are found in: Genesis 6:1-4, 1",
"title": "The Book of Giants"
},
{
"id": "5961795",
"text": "Arba Arba () was a man mentioned in the Book of Joshua. In , he is called the \"greatest man among the Anakites.\" Joshua 15:13 says that Arba was the father of Anak. The Anakites (Hebrew Anakim) are described in the Hebrew Bible as giants. Little is known of his genealogy except that Joshua 15:13 describes him as the father of Anak, while the following verse refers to Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai as \"sons of Anak.\" According to Joshua, Caleb drove these three out of his portion of the land of Canaan. The Bible also states that the city of",
"title": "Arba"
},
{
"id": "13221182",
"text": "Casten on drums) and Metaform played guitar and contributed vocals. Later, Metaform and 4X-ampL formed the electronica duo Razed High. During this time Metaform was known as Hai-Ding, a play on words in that he was \"in hiding\" and working on what would later become \"Standing on the Shoulders of Giants\". Tokyo, Japan. Justice Aaron has lived and worked in Tokyo, Japan, since July 2006. His instrumental opus, \"Standing on the Shoulders of Giants\", was released on April 15, 2008, which spent the entire month of May on the College Music Journal's top 20. It was produced and engineered by",
"title": "Metaform"
},
{
"id": "651130",
"text": "certain archaeologists have searched for fossil evidence of a race of giants. Alleged evidence includes: Giant Giants (from Latin and Ancient Greek: \"gigas\", cognate giga-) are beings of human appearance, but of prodigious size and strength common in the mythology and legends of many different cultures. The word \"giant\", first attested in 1297, was derived from the \"Gigantes\" () of Greek mythology. In various Indo-European mythologies, gigantic peoples are featured as primeval creatures associated with chaos and the wild nature, and they are frequently in conflict with the gods, be they Olympian, Celtic, Hindu or Norse. Giants also often play",
"title": "Giant"
},
{
"id": "2078441",
"text": "and ever as they so weltered Arthur smote him with his dagger. Anthropophagic giants are mentioned in \"The Complaynt of Scotland\" in 1549, the Opies note, and, in \"King Lear\" of 1605, they indicate, Shakespeare alludes to the Fee-fi-fo-fum chant (\" ... fie, foh, and fumme, / I smell the blood of a British man\"), making it certain he knew a tale of \"blood-sniffing giants\". Thomas Nashe also alluded to the chant in \"Have with You to Saffron-Walden\", written nine years before \"King Lear\"., the earliest version can be found in \"The Red Ettin\" of 1528. The Opies observe that",
"title": "Jack the Giant Killer"
},
{
"id": "223662",
"text": "name of fairness, we must bring an end to the indentured servitude of college athletes and start paying them what they are worth.\" In 2007, Abdul-Jabbar participated in the national UCLA alumni commercial entitled \"My Big UCLA Moment\". The UCLA commercial is featured on YouTube. On February 10, 2011, Abdul-Jabbar debuted his film \"On the Shoulders of Giants\", documenting the tumultuous journey of the famed yet often-overlooked Harlem Renaissance professional basketball team, at Science Park High School in Newark, New Jersey. The event was simulcasted live throughout the school, city, and state. Commentating on Donald Trump's 2017 travel ban, he",
"title": "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar"
},
{
"id": "651108",
"text": "as giants in his \"Antiquities of the Jews\", circa 93 AD, indicating that fossil evidence still remained at that time: \"For which reason they removed their camp to Hebron; and when they had taken it, they slew all the inhabitants. There were till then left the race of giants, who had bodies so large, and countenances so entirely different from other men, that they were surprising to the sight, and terrible to the hearing. The bones of these men are still shown to this very day, unlike to any credible relations of other men.\" In Islam, giants known as \"jababirat\"",
"title": "Giant"
},
{
"id": "14958165",
"text": "Central Asia. His three sons were Baath, Jobhath, and Fathochta. Gogmagog (giant) Gogmagog (also \"Goemagot, Goemagog, Goëmagot\" and \"Gogmagoc\") was a legendary giant in Welsh and later English folklore. According to Geoffrey of Monmouth's \"Historia Regum Britanniae\" (\"The History of The Kings of Britain\", 12th century), he was a giant inhabitant of Albion, thrown off a cliff during a wrestling match with Corineus (a companion of Brutus of Troy). Gogmagog was the last of the Giants found by Brutus and his men inhabiting the land of Albion. The effigies of Gogmagog and Corineus, used in English pageantry and later instituted",
"title": "Gogmagog (giant)"
},
{
"id": "1601921",
"text": "hero\" status championed through songs such as \"Up in the Sky\". In 1999, rhythm guitarist Paul \"Bonehead\" Arthurs quit the band, with bassist Paul McGuigan following soon afterwards. As a result, the fourth studio album, \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\", was recorded by just the Gallaghers and drummer Alan White, with Gallagher playing all guitar parts. He later commented on Bonehead's departure, \"It's hardly Paul McCartney leaving the Beatles, is it?\". After the recording sessions were completed, Gallagher selected Gem Archer to join in place of Bonehead. Later that year Alan McGee decided to leave Creation and sold the",
"title": "Noel Gallagher"
},
{
"id": "837608",
"text": "Giants; Dionysus striding toward an advancing Giant; Themis in a chariot drawn by a team of lions which are attacking a fleeing Giant; the archers Apollo and Artemis; another fleeing Giant (Tharos or possibly Kantharos); the Giant Ephialtes lying on the ground; and a group of three Giants, which include Hyperphas and Alektos, opposing Apollo and Artemis. Next comes a missing central section presumably containing Zeus, and possibly Heracles, with chariot (only parts of a team of horses remain). To the right of this comes a female stabbing her spear at a fallen Giant (probably Porphyrion); Athena fighting Eriktypos and",
"title": "Giants (Greek mythology)"
},
{
"id": "837584",
"text": "their ruler Alcinous being the son of Nausithous, who was the son of Poseidon and Periboea, the daughter of the Giant king Eurymedon. Elsewhere in the \"Odyssey\", Alcinous says that the Phaiakians, like the Cyclopes and the Giants, are \"near kin\" to the gods. Odysseus describes the Laestrygonians (another race encountered by Odysseus in his travels) as more like Giants than men. Pausanias, the 2nd century AD geographer, read these lines of the \"Odyssey\" to mean that, for Homer, the Giants were a race of mortal men. The 6th–5th century BC lyric poet Bacchylides calls the Giants \"sons of the",
"title": "Giants (Greek mythology)"
},
{
"id": "2917635",
"text": "on the Shoulder of Giants\" spent 29 weeks on the UK album chart, the fewest for any Oasis studio album. It was the ninth biggest selling album of 2000 in the UK. \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\" debuted at #24 on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the US, selling about 55,000 units in its first week, but sales slumped its second week and fell to #84 with a 64% sales drop. The album received a huge sales hike following the VH1 airing of the group's \"Behind the Music\" in April 2000, jumping from #194 to #113 on the \"Billboard\" 200",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulder of Giants"
},
{
"id": "651110",
"text": "the giants and heroes.\" Mount Nemrut is known to have received its name from an Armenian tradition in which Nimrod was killed by an arrow shot by Hayk during a massive battle between two rival armies of giants to the south-east of Lake Van. According to Baltic mythology, the playing of a giantess named Neringa on the seashore formed the Curonian Spit (\"neria, nerge, neringia\" means land which is diving up and down like a swimmer). This character also appears in other myths (in some of which she is shown as a young strong woman, similar to a female version",
"title": "Giant"
},
{
"id": "14958155",
"text": "Gogmagog (giant) Gogmagog (also \"Goemagot, Goemagog, Goëmagot\" and \"Gogmagoc\") was a legendary giant in Welsh and later English folklore. According to Geoffrey of Monmouth's \"Historia Regum Britanniae\" (\"The History of The Kings of Britain\", 12th century), he was a giant inhabitant of Albion, thrown off a cliff during a wrestling match with Corineus (a companion of Brutus of Troy). Gogmagog was the last of the Giants found by Brutus and his men inhabiting the land of Albion. The effigies of Gogmagog and Corineus, used in English pageantry and later instituted as guardian statues at Guildhall in London eventually earned the",
"title": "Gogmagog (giant)"
},
{
"id": "20488914",
"text": "Giant (2017 film) Giant (Original title: Handia) is a 2017 Basque language drama film directed by Aitor Arregi and Jon Garaño. The film is based on the life of Miguel Joaquín Eleizegui Arteaga (1818-1861) who suffered from gigantism and was known as the \"Giant from Altzo\". The film premiered at the 2017 San Sebastián International Film Festival, where it was awarded the Special Jury Prize. The film was also screened at the 2017 BFI London Film Festival. At the 32nd Goya Awards, the film won ten awards, including Best Original Screenplay, Best New Actor (Eneko Sagardoy), and Best Original Score",
"title": "Giant (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "16446326",
"text": "rhapsodizing a metaphor attributed to Newton, described himself as a dwarf on the shoulder of a giant, in the sense that 'If we are on the shoulder of a giant, we can see more than even the giants themselves, but if there weren't the giants, we couldn't achieve that height'\". Legal Positivism (book) Legal Positivism (Il Positivismo Giuridico) is a book by the Italian jurist Norberto Bobbio about one of the ontological elements of \"foundations of law\" — the \"jusphilosophical school\" called \"juspositivism\" or \"legal positivism\". Seen by scholars as an important work in understanding of a conceptual constructivist approach",
"title": "Legal Positivism (book)"
},
{
"id": "2078428",
"text": "his magical sword, shoes, cap, and cloak are similar to those owned by Tom Thumb or those found in Welsh and Norse mythology. Neither Jack nor his tale are referenced in English literature prior to the eighteenth century, and his story did not appear in print until 1711. It is probable an enterprising publisher assembled a number of anecdotes about giants to form the 1711 tale. One scholar speculates the public had grown weary of King Arthur – the greatest of all giant killers – and Jack was created to fill his shoes. Henry Fielding, John Newbery, Samuel Johnson, Boswell,",
"title": "Jack the Giant Killer"
},
{
"id": "837592",
"text": "BC lyric poet Pindar provides some of the earliest details of the battle between the Giants and the Olympians. He locates it \"on the plain of Phlegra\" and has Teiresias foretell Heracles killing Giants \"beneath [his] rushing arrows\". He calls Heracles \"you who subdued the Giants\", and has Porphyrion, who he calls \"the king of the Giants\", being overcome by the bow of Apollo. Euripides' \"Heracles\" has its hero shooting Giants with arrows, and his \"Ion\" has the chorus describe seeing a depiction of the Gigantomachy on the late sixth century Temple of Apollo at Delphi, with Athena fighting the",
"title": "Giants (Greek mythology)"
},
{
"id": "9012144",
"text": "as superior to Moderns. Moderns were traditionally depicted in architecture and other arts even prior to the seventeenth century as dwarfs on the shoulders of Ancient giants. Hakewill stated \"we are all of one stature, save that we are lifted up somewhat higher by their means\". Gould argues that \"nearly all founders of the Scientific Revolution revered the great sources of Antiquity. ...The ranks of the Modernists did not include only the new scientific scholars, but also encompassed many prominent intellectuals from literary and other humanistic callings, including the theologian Hakewell.\" Gould's stage two is the misrepresentation of late nineteenth",
"title": "The Hedgehog, the Fox, and the Magister's Pox"
},
{
"id": "2135971",
"text": "and also featured Bryan Adams, Peter Gabriel, Joan Baez, The Neville Brothers and The Police. Additional artists that performed include John Eddie, with Max Weinberg, Third World, The Hooters, Peter, Paul and Mary, Steven van Zandt, with Bob Geldof, Stanley Jordan, Joan Armatrading, Jackson Browne, Rubén Blades, with Fela Kuti and Carlos Santana, Yoko Ono, Howard Jones, Miles Davis and Joni Mitchell. Spoken introductions were made by Billy Graham, Bill Bradley, Daryl Hannah, Robert De Niro, Christopher Reeve, Michael J. Fox and Muhammad Ali. Pete Townshend was scheduled to perform, but cancelled at the last minute, when his father, Cliff",
"title": "Giants Stadium"
},
{
"id": "16090176",
"text": "Court\" (1974-1982), \"Alas Smith and Jones\" (1984), \"\" (1985), \"Dempsey and Makepeace\" (1986), \"Boon\" (1987), \"Bergerac\" (1989), \"A Touch of Frost\" (1992), \"Casualty\" (1995), \"London Bridge\" (1998), \"North Square\" (2000), \"Doctors\" (2004), \"\" (2005), \"Lennon Naked\" (2010), and \"New Tricks\" (2011). She played the journalist and social campaigner Marjorie Wallace in the 1979 BBC Emmy Award winning drama \"On Giant's Shoulders\". Her film credits include roles in \"Some Like It Sexy\" (1969), \"Le Mur de l'Atlantique\" (1970), \"Every Home Should Have One\" (1970), \"The Rocky Horror Picture Show\" (1975), \"Real Life\" (1984), \"Defence of the Realm\" (1986), \"M. Butterfly\" (1993),",
"title": "Annabel Leventon"
},
{
"id": "7586494",
"text": "The Statue Got Me High \"The Statue Got Me High\" is a song by American alternative rock band They Might Be Giants. The song was released as the lead single from the band's 1992 album, \"Apollo 18\". The song reached number 24 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart. The B-sides \"I'm Def\" and \"Which Describes How You're Feeling\" are both taken from the band's 1985 demo tape, which was recorded using low-quality equipment. \"The Statue Got Me High\" was written by John Linnell. Of the meaning of the song's lyrics, Linnell said: It's kind of a song about",
"title": "The Statue Got Me High"
},
{
"id": "1797968",
"text": "Titan, a Greek mythological giant, and including Gigantus, after whom giants and gigantism are named. Rhodes is another island where giants were said to have lived, with the Colossus of Rhodes, a giant statue of a giant patron god Helios. Goliath, a giant mentioned in the Bible, was a Philistine warrior who was killed by David in the war between the Israelites and the Philistines. A member of Goliath's family is also recorded as having six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot. Gigantism Gigantism, also known as giantism (from Greek γίγας, \"gígas\", \"giant\", plural γίγαντες, \"gígantes\"),",
"title": "Gigantism"
},
{
"id": "19697036",
"text": "further than others, it is by standing upon the shoulders of Giants.” Keynote speakers included Stanford neuroscientist Professor Walter Greenleaf, PhD, Graham Smith, David A. Smith, Dr. Sara Diamond - President of OCAD University, Moses Znaimer, Charlie Fink, Dr. Karan Singh and James McCrae - founders of JanusVR and additional live interviews with Steve Mann, and Tim Merel among others. Several panels, under the banner of \"Super Sessions\" featured leaders in the field of Virtual & Augmented Reality, health sciences (Dr. Lora Appel, Dr. Tom Overly, Dr. Stephane Bouchard), \"Out-of-Home\" entertainment (James Jensen of THE VOID, Eyal Kleiner of IMAX,",
"title": "VRTO"
},
{
"id": "8078233",
"text": "Under the Influence of Giants Under the Influence of Giants (sometimes abbreviated UTIOG) was an American alternative rock band from Los Angeles, California. They released their major label debut album in August 2006, which was a number one hit on the Top Heatseekers chart. Among their influences are the Beatles, The Who, Led Zeppelin, the Bee Gees, Prince, WHAM!, Chicago and Todd Rundgren. UTIOG have performed on \"Last Call with Carson Daly\" and \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" as well as opening for acts such as Aerosmith, Darrell DMC, Crowded House, Angels and Airwaves and The Sounds. Aaron Bruno and Drew Stewart",
"title": "Under the Influence of Giants"
},
{
"id": "2011020",
"text": "and Modern Learning\" (where he provided the first English formulation of the commonplace that modern critics see more only because they are dwarves standing on the shoulders of giants), and Temple's somewhat naive essay prompted a small flurry of responses. Among others, two men who took the side opposing Temple were Richard Bentley (classicist and editor) and William Wotton (critic). The entire discussion in England was over by 1696, and yet it seems to have fired Swift's imagination. Swift saw in the opposing camps of Ancients and Moderns a shorthand of two general ways of looking at the world (see",
"title": "A Tale of a Tub"
},
{
"id": "14958159",
"text": "Gogmagog to be a giant descended from Albina and her sisters, thirty daughters of the king of Greece exiled to the land later to be known as \"Albion\". This story was added as a prologue to later versions of \"Brut\" pseudo-history, Thus according to the Middle English prose version of the \"Brut\", known as the \"Chronicles of England\", Albina was the daughter of Syrian king named Dioclician, from whom Gogmagog and Laugherigan and the other giants of Albion are descended. These giants lived in caves and hills until being conquered by Brutus' party arriving in \"Tottenesse\" (Totnes, Devon). A later",
"title": "Gogmagog (giant)"
},
{
"id": "1404164",
"text": "to their image and sound. The cover featured a new \"Oasis\" logo, designed by Gem Archer, and the album was also the first Oasis release to include a song written by Liam Gallagher, entitled \"Little James\". The songs also had more experimental, psychedelic influences. \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants \" received only lukewarm reviews and is the band's lowest selling studio album. To support the record the band staged an eventful world tour. While touring in Barcelona in 2000, Oasis were forced to cancel a gig when an attack of tendinitis caused Alan White's arm to seize up, and",
"title": "Oasis (band)"
},
{
"id": "15244340",
"text": "Among Giants Among Giants is a 1998 British film directed by Sam Miller, and written by Simon Beaufoy, fresh from his success with \"The Full Monty\". It is set in Yorkshire, and stars Pete Postlethwaite, Rachel Griffiths and James Thornton. The plot came about after Beaufoy was refused permission to make a documentary on electricity pylon painters in Pembrokeshire, and converted the idea into fiction. The script predates that of \"The Full Monty\", but only found a producer in the wake of the earlier film's success. The practicalities of shooting atop electricity pylons, not to mention insurance difficulties, meant that",
"title": "Among Giants"
},
{
"id": "651117",
"text": "for a demon in Hindu mythology. Some known Daityas include Hiranyakashipu and Hiranyaksha. The main antagonist of the Hindu epic Ramayana, Ravana, was a Brahmin from his father's side and a Daitya from his mother's side. His younger brother Kumbhakarna was said to be as tall as a mountain and was quite good natured. According to Jains, there was a time when giants walked upon this earth. Jain cosmology divides worldly cycle of time into two parts or half-cycles, \"avasarpani\" (age of descending purity) and ascending (\"utsarpani\"). According to Jain texts, the height of Rishabha, first \"tirthankara\" of present half",
"title": "Giant"
},
{
"id": "2917634",
"text": "radio interview with Gary Crowley in 2002 Liam said \"Some people reckon the album is shit, but I think it's a great album ... it's just a bit different\", whilst Noel Gallagher has stated that he regards \"Go Let It Out\" as \"up there with some of the best things that I've done.\" He also stated in a 2005 interview with Rock Profiles that he thinks \"Fuckin' in the Bushes,\" \"Go Let It Out,\" \"Gas Panic!,\" and \"Where Did It All Go Wrong?\" are \"real pieces of music\". Noel has also praised the sounds and production of the record. \"Standing",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulder of Giants"
},
{
"id": "5174074",
"text": "was unveiled during Oasis' Autumn 2001 \"Noise and Confusion\" Tour. The song was due to be released commercially at the same time but Noel decided the track needed more work done on it to be suitable for release. Many have commented on the main guitar riff being lifted from the Stereophonics song, \"Same Size Feet\", which uses exactly the same, or at least very similar, guitar riff. The B-side, \"Just Getting Older\", was written at the time of the release of \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\" (2000). The second B-side, \"Idler's Dream\", is the only Oasis song to not",
"title": "The Hindu Times"
},
{
"id": "9410906",
"text": "they did not know who the artist was at the time. WNCI received such positive response to the song that it was added into regular rotation. Keith Thibodeaux left the band after recording \"R U Gonna Stand Up\" in the summer of 1989. In the 1990s, the band was not commercially successful. Though they had three hits from their albums, \"Stumbling Block to a Stepping Stone\", \"I'm Still Rocking\", and \"Always on My Mind\", their most successful album had been \"Angels Unaware\". By 1997 the band had been on the road for almost 30 years and decided it was time",
"title": "David and the Giants"
},
{
"id": "3281326",
"text": "Prayer to Saint Joseph The following are Roman Catholic prayers to Saint Joseph. Joseph, the silent man of the Gospels, is in the line of the great men of faith of the Old Testament. He is described as a \"just man\", a righteous man of integrity. He is in the tradition of Abraham who was called by God to \"walk before my face and be upright (Gen: 17.1);and of Moses who was told to be \"entirely sincere\", \"entirely faithful\" (Deut: 18.13). For centuries his place in the story of Jesus was comparatively unnoticed. Gradually, in Catholic tradition, he was recognised",
"title": "Prayer to Saint Joseph"
},
{
"id": "2227194",
"text": "quoted as having lived together with the giants from the Book of Genesis: e.g. the Tannin or \"great sea monsters\" of Gen. 1:21. They are often described in later books of the Bible, especially by God himself in the Book of Job: e.g. Re'em in verse 39:9, Behemoth in chapter 40 and Leviathan in chapter 41. With the advent of geological mapping in the early 19th century, it became increasingly obvious that much of the fossils associated with the \"secondary\" (sedimentary) rock, notably large animals like Ichthyosaurs, Mosasaurs, Pliosaurs and the various giant mammals found when excavating the Catacombs of",
"title": "Antediluvian"
},
{
"id": "837605",
"text": "the right. Zeus mounts a chariot brandishing his thunderbolt in his right hand, Heracles, in the chariot, bends forward with drawn bow and left foot on the chariot pole, Athena, beside the chariot, strides forward toward one or two Giants, and the four chariot horses trample a fallen Giant. When present, Gaia is shielded behind Herakles, apparently pleading with Zeus to spare her children. On either side of the central group are the rest of the gods engaged in combat with particular Giants. While the gods can be identified by characteristic features, for example Hermes with his hat (\"petasos\") and",
"title": "Giants (Greek mythology)"
},
{
"id": "2917633",
"text": "It was more warmly received when \"Q\" Magazine gave \"Standing on the Shoulder of Giants\" 4/5 stars and the B-side to \"Go Let It Out\", \"Let's All Make Believe\", was featured in \"Q\"'s top 500 lost tracks and said that if \"Let's All Make Believe\" were on the album \"it probably would have carried the album to another star.\" However, \"Q\" later included the record at #46 in their list of the 50 worst albums ever made. Although it received lukewarm reviews from the music press, both Liam and Noel Gallagher have praised certain aspects of the record. During a",
"title": "Standing on the Shoulder of Giants"
},
{
"id": "18078024",
"text": "Ham. They are described as a powerful people of great stature \"like the height of the cedars\" (Amos 2:9) who had occupied the land east and west of the Jordan. The height and strength mentioned in Amos 2:9 has led some Christian scholars, including Orville J. Nave, who wrote the Nave's Topical Bible, to refer to the Amorites as \"giants\". The Amorite king, Og, was described as the last \"of the remnant of the Rephaim\" (Deuteronomy 3:11). The terms Amorite and Canaanite seem to be used more or less interchangeably, Canaan being more general and Amorite a specific component among",
"title": "Amorites"
},
{
"id": "4943195",
"text": "Argus Panoptes Argus Panoptes (All-seeing) () or Argos () is a many-eyed giant in Greek mythology. The figure is known for having spawned the saying \"the eyes of Argus\", as in to be \"followed by\", \"trailed by\", \"watched by\", et cetera, the eyes; the saying is used to describe being subject to strict scrutiny in one's actions to an invasive, distressing degree. The monstrous entity has been either directly included or indirectly alluded to in a wide variety of works influenced by Greco-Roman thought over the past several centuries. Argus Panoptes (), guardian of the heifer-nymph Io and son of",
"title": "Argus Panoptes"
},
{
"id": "837587",
"text": "(\"ἀτάσθαλος\"). Hesiod calls the Giants \"strong\" (\"κρατερῶν\") and \"great\" (\"μεγάλους\") which may or may not be a reference to their size. Though a possible later addition, the \"Theogony\" also has the Giants born \"with gleaming armour, holding long spears in their hands\". Other early sources characterize the Giants by their excesses. Pindar describes the excessive violence of the Giant Porphyrion as having provoked \"beyond all measure\". Bacchylides calls the Giants arrogant, saying that they were destroyed by \"Hybris\" (the Greek word hubris personified). The earlier seventh century BC poet Alcman perhaps had already used the Giants as an example of",
"title": "Giants (Greek mythology)"
},
{
"id": "17738220",
"text": "Celtics into friends, racism was still a powerful nemesis. Bob Douglas’s goal, to have his team compete professionally against white teams, still seemed out of reach. But in 1939, two mavericks decided to create the world’s first integrated professional basketball tournament. There had been other “world championships,” but what made this one closer to living up to its grandiose name was that this would be the first time both black and white teams would compete for a national title. Now the Rens would be forced to prove, once and for all, that they weren’t all talk: going up first against",
"title": "On the Shoulders of Giants (film)"
}
] | who said if i have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants |
|
| [
{
"id": "5578620",
"text": "Kim Rhodes Kimberly Rhodes (born June 7, 1969) is an American actress, who portrayed the role of \"Cindy Harrison\" on two different soap operas, \"Another World\" (1992–96) and \"As the World Turns\" (2000–01), as well as Carey Martin in the Disney Channel sitcom \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" (2005–08) and \"The Suite Life on Deck\" (2008–11), where she played the mother of twins Zack and Cody (Dylan and Cole Sprouse). She is also known for playing Sheriff Jody Mills on \"Supernatural\" (2010–). Rhodes was born and raised in Portland, Oregon. She graduated from Benson Polytechnic High School, and",
"title": "Kim Rhodes"
},
{
"id": "7232903",
"text": "Carey Martin Carey Marie Martin (played by Kim Rhodes) is a fictional character in the Disney Channel sitcom, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Carey is a headlining singer at the Tipton Hotel as well as the mother of Zack and Cody. She is a divorced mother, wise, kind, but strict, and seems to love the twins a lot. She is sometimes over-protective of her sons, which they hate, but does it for good reason. Arwin Hawkhauser has an obsessive crush on her. She has a younger sister who is never seen, and",
"title": "Carey Martin"
},
{
"id": "5578623",
"text": "Tabitha, with whom Rhodes was pregnant at the end of \"<nowiki>Suite Life'</nowiki>\"s run. Kim Rhodes Kimberly Rhodes (born June 7, 1969) is an American actress, who portrayed the role of \"Cindy Harrison\" on two different soap operas, \"Another World\" (1992–96) and \"As the World Turns\" (2000–01), as well as Carey Martin in the Disney Channel sitcom \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" (2005–08) and \"The Suite Life on Deck\" (2008–11), where she played the mother of twins Zack and Cody (Dylan and Cole Sprouse). She is also known for playing Sheriff Jody Mills on \"Supernatural\" (2010–). Rhodes was born",
"title": "Kim Rhodes"
},
{
"id": "7232907",
"text": "however, the show didn't incorporate it in the series. Carey was seen putting her hand on her stomach and she did have a bump at the show's end. Carey Martin Carey Marie Martin (played by Kim Rhodes) is a fictional character in the Disney Channel sitcom, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Carey is a headlining singer at the Tipton Hotel as well as the mother of Zack and Cody. She is a divorced mother, wise, kind, but strict, and seems to love the twins a lot. She is sometimes over-protective of her",
"title": "Carey Martin"
},
{
"id": "5561061",
"text": "Ballantine on the short-lived comedy series \"The Mommies\". Duffy played Lindsay Mercer, one of the failed buyers of Winfred-Lauder and the ex-wife of \"Lord Mercer\" on \"The Drew Carey Show\". She has a recurring role on the Nickelodeon series \"Drake & Josh\" as Linda Hayfer, a high school English teacher who despises Drake. She appeared on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" as the rich mother of Jason, a boy who goes on a date with Maddie Fitzpatrick (Ashley Tisdale). She made a brief appearance in the Nickelodeon sitcom \"True Jackson, VP\" as the owner of a stage that",
"title": "Julia Duffy"
},
{
"id": "4828010",
"text": "Boston and centers on Zack Martin and Cody Martin (Dylan and Cole Sprouse), troublesome twins who live at the Tipton Hotel. The series' other main characters include the Tipton hotel's ditzy heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song), the hotel's candy counter girl Maddie Fitzpatrick (Ashley Tisdale), the manager, Mr. Marion Moseby (Phill Lewis), and the boys' single mother who is also the Hotel's lounge singer, Carey Martin (Kim Rhodes). The series is the third Disney Channel Original to have more than 65 episodes, after \"That's So Raven\" and \"Kim Possible\". Reruns aired on Disney XD and on the Watch Disney XD",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"
},
{
"id": "4828011",
"text": "app. Reruns of the show aired on Disney Channel until April 14, 2017. \"The Suite Life\" spawned a sequel series, also starring the Sprouse twins in their respective roles as Zack and Cody, called \"The Suite Life on Deck\", which aired on the Disney Channel from 2008 to 2011. A TV movie based on both series, \"The Suite Life Movie\", premiered on Disney Channel on March 25, 2011. The show centers upon Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who live in the Tipton Hotel (parody of the Hilton Hotel) in Boston, where their mother, Carey, sings and performs in the",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"
},
{
"id": "20819587",
"text": "there are also new characters introduced: Camilla & Rebecca Rosso as Jessica and Janice, Bo Crutcher as Skippy, Marianne Muellerleile as Sister Dominick, Vanessa Hudgens as Corrie, Jerry Kernion as Chef Paolo, Sammi Hanratty as Holly, Tyler Steelman as Mark, Brittany Curran as Chelsea, Kaycee Stroh as Leslie and Alexa Nikolas as Tiffany. Not returning for this season are the following characters: Estelle Harris as Muriel and Dennis Bendersky as Tapeworm. Special guest stars and notable appearances in this season include: Zac Efron as Trevor, Moises Arias as Randall, D. C. Douglas as Interviewer, Kathryn Joosten as Grandma Marilyn, Raven-Symoné",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "20820562",
"text": "as Corrie, Dennis Bendersky as Tapeworm, Gus Hoffman as Warren and Caroline Rhea as Ilsa. Special guest stars and notable appearances in this season include: Michael Clarke Duncan as Coach Little, Meaghan Jette Martin as Stacey, Mark Indelicato as Antonio, Kathy Najimy as Principal Milletidge, Kay Panabaker as Amber, Tony Hawk as himself, Jaden Smith as Travis, Drew Seeley as Geoffrey, Kelsey Chow as Dakota, Daniella Monet as Dana, Chris Brown as himself, The Cheetah Girls as themselves and Nicole Sullivan as Miss Klotz. In the season premiere, Cody graduates from Buckner Middle School, however Zack has to go to",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "5691885",
"text": "Estelle Harris Estelle Harris (née Nussbaum; April 4, 1928) is an American actress and comedian. Easily recognized by her distinctive, high-pitched voice, she is best known for her roles as Estelle Costanza on \"Seinfeld\", the voice of Mrs. Potato Head in the \"Toy Story franchise\", and Muriel on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". Estelle Nussbaum was born in Manhattan, the younger of two daughters of Isaac and Anna Nussbaum, Polish Jewish immigrants who owned a candy store. Harris is best known for her supporting role as Estelle Costanza, George's (Jason Alexander) mother and Frank's (Jerry Stiller) wife on",
"title": "Estelle Harris"
},
{
"id": "4828009",
"text": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. The series aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005, to September 1, 2008 with 4 million viewers, making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award three times and was nominated for a Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award three times. The show was also a long-standing staple of the now defunct ABC Kids Saturday morning block on ABC. The series is set in the Tipton Hotel in",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"
},
{
"id": "6916581",
"text": "numerous TV movies. He also guest-starred on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" as Harry O'Neal, a guest who conned the Tipton staff into giving him free stuff. He also guest-starred in \"90210\" as the date of Annie's and Dixon's mother. Lutes was born in Woonsocket, Rhode Island and raised in Charlestown, Rhode Island, the son of Claire, an astrologer and psychiatric nurse, and John Lutes, an artist. He attended Chariho High School where he was a member of the Chariho Boys Track Team. Eric Lutes Eric Lutes (born August 19, 1962) is an American actor, known for his",
"title": "Eric Lutes"
},
{
"id": "19064790",
"text": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1) The first season of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005 to January 27, 2006. The season introduces Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "19064783",
"text": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1) The first season of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005 to January 27, 2006. The season introduces Zack and Cody Martin, twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "20819585",
"text": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2) The second season of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" aired on Disney Channel from February 3, 2006 to June 2, 2007. Zack and Cody Martin are twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the foil to",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "2076435",
"text": "Biggest Loser\" on NBC, and for playing Noleta Nethercott on the TV series \"\" for Logo, which has recently been rebooted as a feature called \"A Very Sordid Wedding\", which premiered in March 2017 in Palm Springs. In 2004, she appeared in the cult-classics Disney's \"Mom's Got a Date with a Vampire\" and in \"Christmas with the Kranks.\" In 2005, Rhea appeared in \"The Perfect Man\", playing a co-worker of Jean (Heather Locklear) and had a recurring role on the hit Disney Channel Original Series, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" as Ilsa Shickelgubermeiger-Von Helsing der Keppelugerhofer, an inspector",
"title": "Caroline Rhea"
},
{
"id": "20820559",
"text": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3) The third season of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" aired on Disney Channel from July 23, 2007 to September 1, 2008. Zack and Cody Martin are twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the lounge. The show also centers in London Tipton, the daughter of the hotel owner, who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the foil to",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "20820560",
"text": "Zack and Cody's schemes and has a liking to the piano, pocket hankies and ballet. The returning recurring characters who were introduced in previous seasons, include: Adrian R'Mante as Esteban, Brian Stepanek as Arwin, Sophie Oda as Barbara, Aaron Musicant as Lance, Sammi Hanratty as Holly, Bo Crutcher as Skippy, Tyler Steelman as Mark, Charlie Stewart as Bob, Robert Torti as Kurt, Brittany Curran as Chelsea, Patrick Bristow as Patrick, Camilla & Rebecca Rosso as Jessica and Janice, Anthony Acker as Norman, Sharon Jordan as Irene, Marianne Muellerleile as Sister Dominick, Jerry Kernion as Chef Paolo, Ernie Grunwald as Mr.",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "19064784",
"text": "foil to Zack and Cody's schemes and has a liking to the piano, pocket hankies and ballet. In the show's first season there are several recurring characters introduced: Adrian R'Mante as Esteban, Brian Stepanek as Arwin, Charlie Stewart as Bob, Estelle Harris as Muriel, Aaron Musicant as Lance, Sophie Oda as Barbara, Patrick Bristow as Patrick, Monique Coleman as Mary Margaret, Alyson Stoner as Max, Robert Torti as Kurt, Anthony Acker as Norman, Sharon Jordan as Irene, Allie Grant as Agnes, Dennis Bendersky as Tapeworm, Caroline Rhea as Ilsa, Gus Hoffman as Warren and Ernie Grunwald as Mr. Forgess. Special",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "5691886",
"text": "\"Seinfeld\", her voice role as Mrs. Potato Head in the \"Toy Story\" franchise, and her role as Muriel on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". She appeared in Brad Paisley's music video for the song \"Online\". In 2013, she played the mother of CBGB founder Hilly Kristal in the film \"CBGB\". Harris's voice work also includes Lula from \"Dave the Barbarian\", Mama Lipsky on \"Kim Possible\", Thelma on \"The Proud Family\", Old Lady Bear in \"Brother Bear\" (2003), Audrey in \"Home on the Range\" (2004), and Death's nagging mother on \"Family Guy\". She also provided the voice of Marty's",
"title": "Estelle Harris"
},
{
"id": "20820561",
"text": "Forgess, Kaycee Stroh as Leslie and Alexa Nikolas as Tiffany. After being absent in season two and in almost every season three episode, Estelle Harris returns in the series finale as Muriel. Alongside the old recurring cast there are also new characters introduced: Giovonnie Samuels as Nia Moseby, Kara Taitz as Millicent, Cierra Ramirez as Jasmine, Hannah Leigh Dworkin as Amy, Jaelin Palmer as Leah, Jareb Dauplaise as Wayne and Tara Lynne Barr as Haley. Not returning for this season are the following cast members: Monique Coleman as Mary Margaret, Alyson Stoner as Max, Allie Grant as Agnes, Vanessa Hudgens",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "20819586",
"text": "Zack and Cody's schemes and has a liking to the piano, pocket hankies and ballet. This season a lot of returning recurring characters who were introduced in season one return, such as: Adrian R'Mante as Esteban, Charlie Stewart as Bob, Brian Stepanek as Arwin, Monique Coleman as Mary Margaret, Sophie Oda as Barbara, Patrick Bristow as Patrick, Aaron Musicant as Lance, Allie Grant as Agnes, Anthony Acker as Norman, Sharon Jordan as Irene, Alyson Stoner as Max, Gus Hoffman as Warren, Robert Torti as Kurt, Caroline Rhea as Ilsa and Ernie Grunwald as Mr. Forgess. Alongside the old recurring cast",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "4065182",
"text": "yet been premiered, however Lopez states she is currently working on both an English and Spanish solo albums, among other things. In August 2007, Lopez confirmed she is signed to Cash Money Records . She appeared on the cover of Nuestro Mundo Magazine's January 2007 issue. She has gained notoriety among Disney Channel fans when she appeared in an episode of The Suite Life of Zack & Cody as the latest stepmother of London Tipton. A single is expected to be released in early 2008, with an album to follow. Castellanos has written and recorded for various artists, including co-writing",
"title": "Soluna"
},
{
"id": "20820566",
"text": "same night as \"High School Musical 2\" and is about a school production of \"High School Musical\". The theme song is the same as in previous seasons, with the opening sequence replacing a few scenes with new ones from season three. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3) The third season of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" aired on Disney Channel from July 23, 2007 to September 1, 2008. Zack and Cody Martin are twin brothers who move into the Tipton Hotel in Boston with their mother, Carey, where she sings and performs in the",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "4828031",
"text": "for the show was announced to be released around Summer 2008. It would have featured songs from and inspired from the show, including songs from Ashley Tisdale, Brenda Song, Jesse McCartney, and Raven-Symoné. This idea was scrapped as of 2017. The Suite Life of Zack & Cody The Suite Life of Zack & Cody is an American sitcom created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. The series aired on Disney Channel from March 18, 2005, to September 1, 2008 with 4 million viewers, making it the most successful premiere for Disney Channel. The series was nominated for an Emmy Award",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"
},
{
"id": "19064785",
"text": "guest stars and notable appearances in this season include: Victoria Justice as Rebecca, Julia Duffy as Martha Harrington and Jesse McCartney as himself. The show was originally ordered to series for a 21-episode first season. However, after the show premiered with good ratings establishing itself as Disney’s top series in key boy demographics, and only behind \"That’s So Raven\" in kids 2-11 and 6-11, the network decided to order five additional episodes to a total of 26 episodes for the first season. Set in Boston, the show focuses on the twins Zack (Dylan Sprouse) and Cody (Cole Sprouse) who move",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "7411170",
"text": "Monique Coleman Adrienne Monique Jordan (née Coleman; born November 13, 1980), known professionally as Monique Coleman, is an American actress, dancer, singer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist best known for her co-starring role in Disney's \"High School Musical\" movies, in which she plays Taylor McKessie. Coleman also had a recurring role on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", as a school girl named Mary–Margaret, along with Ashley Tisdale. She also competed in the third edition of ABC's \"Dancing with the Stars\", finishing in fourth place. Most recent, Coleman was named the first ever UN Youth Champion for the International Year of",
"title": "Monique Coleman"
},
{
"id": "19064786",
"text": "to the luxurious Tipton Hotel, when their mother Carey (Kim Rhodes) gets a job as a singer in the lounge. The hotel is managed by Mr. Moseby (Phill Lewis), who has also taken care of the heiress of the Tipton empire her whole life, London Tipton (Brenda Song). The show also introduces Maddie (Ashley Tisdale), the teenage candy-counter girl at the Tipton Hotel, who despite being the complete opposite of London, ends up becoming her best friend. The show's theme song, \"Here I Am,\" was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the theme for the show's",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "4279409",
"text": "Dylan and Cole Sprouse Dylan Thomas Sprouse and Cole Mitchell Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) are American actors. They are twins and are referred to as the Sprouse brothers or Sprouse Bros. Their first major theatrical film role was in the 1999 comedy, \"Big Daddy\", in which they co-starred with Adam Sandler. They later appeared in several television sitcoms and starred in the straight-to-DVD films \"I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus\" and \"Just for Kicks\". From 2005 until 2008, they starred in the Disney Channel sitcom \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". As a result of the series' success,",
"title": "Dylan and Cole Sprouse"
},
{
"id": "9392729",
"text": "Camilla and Rebecca Rosso Camilla \"Milly\" Rosso and Rebecca \"Becky\" Rosso (born 6 July 1994) are British twin actresses and singers from London. They are best known for their roles as Janice (Milly) and Jessica (Becky) Ellis on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", and for their roles as Annabelle \"Annie\" (Milly) and Isabelle \"Izzy\" (Becky) Woods in \"Legally Blondes\" (2009). Milly is a minute younger than Becky. They have three other sisters, Bianca, Georgina, and Lola. Milly and Becky were discovered when they were picked out of the audience by one of the executive producers of \"The Suite",
"title": "Camilla and Rebecca Rosso"
},
{
"id": "16418635",
"text": "the boys' mother Preeti, who is also the hotel's assistant manager and the hotel's manager Mr. Maan Singh. The show centers upon Karan and Kabir, twin brothers who live in the Raj Mahal Hotel in Mumbai with their mother, Preeti Jaiswal, an assistant manager. Similar to its parent series, The Suite Life Of Zack And Cody, the series shows the antics and mischief the boys get up to, as well as their interactions with Rani, the hotel owner's privileged and ditzy teenage daughter, Vinnie the candy-counter girl and Mr. Maan Singh, the strict and dutiful manager, who often acts as",
"title": "The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir"
},
{
"id": "5691887",
"text": "Wife in the American Dad episode \"In Country...Club\" Harris has been married to her husband Sy Harris since 1953; together they have one child. Estelle Harris Estelle Harris (née Nussbaum; April 4, 1928) is an American actress and comedian. Easily recognized by her distinctive, high-pitched voice, she is best known for her roles as Estelle Costanza on \"Seinfeld\", the voice of Mrs. Potato Head in the \"Toy Story franchise\", and Muriel on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". Estelle Nussbaum was born in Manhattan, the younger of two daughters of Isaac and Anna Nussbaum, Polish Jewish immigrants who owned",
"title": "Estelle Harris"
},
{
"id": "7342169",
"text": "Shaughnessy, won 5th place in the American Screenwriter's Association International Screenplay Competition, for their black comedy script, \"Bearded Ladies\" (May 2005). Mary Kate McGeehan Mary Kate McGeehan is an American actress. Her father is actor Pat McGeehan. She is best known to television viewers for her role as Linda Gioberti in the 1980s prime-time drama series \"Falcon Crest\". She appeared in the series from 1982 to 1984. Since the 2004 Pilot of the Disney Channel's, \" The Suite Life of Zack and Cody \"(2005), she works as the Dialogue Coach for Dylan Sprouse and Cole Sprouse. She is also on",
"title": "Mary Kate McGeehan"
},
{
"id": "9197406",
"text": "due to impaired motor skills. She studied at Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy. Golightly decided to become an actress at the age of eight. Her mother took her to Los Angeles, where she found a manager. A year later, Golightly started her career with roles in the 2002 film \"Speakeasy\", and the television film \"The Long Shot\". In 2004, she co-starred in the sci-fi miniseries \"5ive Days to Midnight\" as Jesse Neumeyer and was in \"Sudbury\", an unsold television pilot. In 2006, she was in the Disney Channel sitcom \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" as Vanessa, before appearing in",
"title": "Gage Golightly"
},
{
"id": "4828017",
"text": "shows \"The Mall\" area that's located in Lincoln Park High School, in Chicago, Illinois. Some of the students that attend Buckner were Max, Bob, and Agnes. Carey would come sit outside of the detention area while Zack was being punished. She said when she was outside the principal's office at Cheevers High that, \"Thanks to Zack, I knitted 32 sweaters and an afghan.\" The name comes from former-Boston Red Sox first baseman Bill Buckner. Maddie and Mary Margaret (Monique Coleman) attended this private school in season one. Later in season two, Corrie (Vanessa Hudgens) and Leslie (Kaycee Stroh) were added",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"
},
{
"id": "14944347",
"text": "The Suite Life Movie The Suite Life Movie is a 2011 science fiction comedy-drama film directed by Sean McNamara, written by Michael Saltzman, and starring Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Brenda Song, Debby Ryan, Matthew Timmons, John Ducey, Matthew Glave, and Phill Lewis. The Disney Channel Original Movie is based on the pair of Disney Channel sitcoms \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\" created by Danny Kallis and Jim Geoghan. Dylan and Cole Sprouse were also executive producers for the movie. The film premiered on March 25, 2011 on the Disney Channel. A sneak",
"title": "The Suite Life Movie"
},
{
"id": "8402086",
"text": "Sharon Jordan Sharon Jordan (born March 11, 1960) is an American actress. One of her notable roles is Irene the Concierge in the Disney Channel sitcom \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". Jordan also appeared as Irene in \"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\", the first Disney crossover special with the three shows, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", \"Hannah Montana\", and \"That's So Raven\". In addition, Jordan has co-starred on several independent films including \"Day in the Life of Doe\", \"Rift\", \"I.D.\", \"Dead End Falls\", \"Blind\", and \"Some Sunny Day\". Jordan's recurring guest star roles on",
"title": "Sharon Jordan"
},
{
"id": "2586590",
"text": "Giovonnie Samuels Giovonnie Lavette Samuels (born November 10, 1985) is an American actress and voice artist best known for her role as Nia Moseby in \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and for being a series regular on \"All That\" (where she was replaced by Kianna Underwood who replaced Jamie Lynn Spears on All That in 2005). Samuels was born in San Diego, California. She began appearing on \"All That\" during 2002, quickly becoming one of the most regularly featured actresses on the show, alongside Jamie Lynn Spears and others. Samuels also appeared in episodes of \"That's So Raven\"",
"title": "Giovonnie Samuels"
},
{
"id": "4828012",
"text": "hotel lounge. However, it also centers upon the hotel owner's teenage daughter, London Tipton (A parody of Paris Hilton), who is very wealthy and ditzy, the hotel's down-to-earth candy-counter girl, Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Mr. Moseby, the strict, dutiful, and serious manager, who is often the foil to Zack and Cody's schemes and has a liking to the piano, pocket hankies and ballet. The show is often set at the Tipton Hotel, but has other settings such as Zack and Cody's school, Cheevers High, and Maddie and London's private school, Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow Catholic. Zack and Cody often get",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"
},
{
"id": "2586591",
"text": "as Raven's cousin, Betty Jane. She also appeared on \"Boston Public\". Samuels has also done voiceover work for Bill Cosby's animated show, \"Fatherhood\", on Nick at Nite. In 2006, she appeared in the movie \"\", the third \"Bring It On\" movie. She has also appeared as an extra in Raven-Symoné's \"Backflip\" video and in the 2007 film \"Freedom Writers\". In addition, Samuels has appeared in the movie \"Christmas At Water's Edge\". In July 2007, she began appearing as a recurring character on \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" as Nia Moseby, niece of Marion Moseby (Samuels was the replacement",
"title": "Giovonnie Samuels"
},
{
"id": "8684261",
"text": "Cameron Goodman Cameron Elizabeth Goodman (born August 24, 1984) is an American actress. She was born in Texas but grew up in Washington D.C. She attended Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. after transferring from Syracuse University in New York. Goodman has been in numerous films in her career, first starting out in 2002 as a freshman doing her comedic acting at Syracuse University in a show called \"SU Live\". In 2003, she left Syracuse and transferred to Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Goodman had guest roles on ABC's \"Sons & Daughters\", \"\", \"NCIS\", \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\",",
"title": "Cameron Goodman"
},
{
"id": "5495665",
"text": "the main cast of the Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" in 2005, and would continue to star in the show until 2008. The show proved to be a hit for the network, and earned Tisdale a Nickelodeon UK Kids' Choice Awards. Tisdale had her breakout role as Sharpay Evans in the Disney Channel film \"High School Musical\" (2006). The film was the network's most successful film of 2006, receiving 7.7 million viewers upon its premiere. The soundtrack for the film, featuring numerous contributions from Tisdale, went on to sell over three million copies in the",
"title": "Ashley Tisdale"
},
{
"id": "9392730",
"text": "Life of Zack & Cody\" at a live taping of the show. They appeared in a total seven episodes of the show and then appeared in one episode of the spin-off \"The Suite Life on Deck\" in March 2010. The twins starred as the main roles in the film \"Legally Blondes\", which was released direct-to-DVD on 28 April 2009 as a sequel to \"Legally Blonde\". They sang \"Lucky Girl\" for the film. \"Legally Blondes\" was produced by Reese Witherspoon, the star of the original \"Legally Blonde\". Milly and Becky were part of an all-girl group called \"The Rosso Sisters\", along",
"title": "Camilla and Rebecca Rosso"
},
{
"id": "4828022",
"text": "\"PrankStars\", and \"Austin & Ally\" and the ABC Kids series \"\"), with music composed by Gary Scott (who also composed the music cues to signal scene changes and promo breaks, which are styled similarly to the theme), and is performed by Loren Ellis and the Drew Davis Band (who also performed the theme to \"Phil of the Future\", and whose performance is uncredited). The theme was remixed for the ending credits of \"Rock Star in the House\" in a form similar to \"Beautiful Soul\" to accompany the episode's guest appearance of Jesse McCartney. The opening title sequence to the show",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"
},
{
"id": "7342168",
"text": "Mary Kate McGeehan Mary Kate McGeehan is an American actress. Her father is actor Pat McGeehan. She is best known to television viewers for her role as Linda Gioberti in the 1980s prime-time drama series \"Falcon Crest\". She appeared in the series from 1982 to 1984. Since the 2004 Pilot of the Disney Channel's, \" The Suite Life of Zack and Cody \"(2005), she works as the Dialogue Coach for Dylan Sprouse and Cole Sprouse. She is also on the staff at Gary Spatz's \" The Playground - A Young Actors Conservatory \" (2006). She and her writing partner, Susan",
"title": "Mary Kate McGeehan"
},
{
"id": "8402089",
"text": "Shadows\", which is the Book One in the trilogy \"The Shadow Chronicles\". Currently Jordan is editing the print galley for \"Death Shadows\", the second book in \"The Shadow Chronicles\" series. Jordan was also named author of the month for \"Red & Proud\". For several years, Jordan has been an interviewer for Cultscoop, an online magazine devoted to authors, actors, and filmmakers. Sharon Jordan Sharon Jordan (born March 11, 1960) is an American actress. One of her notable roles is Irene the Concierge in the Disney Channel sitcom \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". Jordan also appeared as Irene in",
"title": "Sharon Jordan"
},
{
"id": "20819588",
"text": "as Raven Baxter, Miley Cyrus as Hannah Montana, Selena Gomez as Gwen, Kumiko Mori as herself, Mindy Sterling as Sister Rose, Cheryl Burke as Shannon, Tahj Mowry as Brandon, Tom Poston as Merle, Nathan Kress as Jamie, Daryl Mitchell as Daryl, The Veronicas as themselves. During this new season, we see Zack and Cody on their last year of middle school in Buckner Middle School; and their adventures as Tipton Hotel residents. We also finally see Our Lady of Perpetual Sorrow Catholic School, the school Maddie and Mary Margaret attended during season one, and is now also being attended by",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "7169360",
"text": "Allison Holker instead of Burke. Burke performed with Alfonso Ribeiro. Score given by guest judge Jessie J in place of Goodman. Score given by guest judge Pitbull in place of Goodman. Score given by guest judge Pitbull. Score given by guest judge Shania Twain. Burke had a guest role on the Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", in the episode \"Loosely Ballroom\" along with fellow \"Dancing\" professionals Louis van Amstel, Ashly DelGrosso, and Lacey Schwimmer. She portrayed Shannon, a nurse attending to the ensemble cast during a dance contest at the series setting, The Tipton Hotel.",
"title": "Cheryl Burke"
},
{
"id": "6818592",
"text": "Stephanie Hodge Stephanie Hodge (born December 24, 1956) is an American actress and stand-up comedian, best known for her role as Jennie Malloy on the WB sitcom \"Unhappily Ever After\" from 1995 to 1998. Hodge was born in Wilmington, Ohio. She attended Wilmington College and Ohio University in Athens, OH. She starred in a number of television sitcoms in 1990s, like \"Sugar and Spice\", \"My Talk Show\", \"Nurses\", and \"Muddling Through\". After leaving \"Unhappily Ever After\", Hodge appeared in the 2001 film \"Evolution\", the film \"Yes Man\" and later guest-starred on \"Reba\", \"NCIS\", \"The Suite Life of Zack and Cody\",",
"title": "Stephanie Hodge"
},
{
"id": "5495657",
"text": "Ashley Tisdale Ashley Michelle Tisdale (born July 2, 1985) is an American actress, singer, and film producer. During her childhood, Tisdale was featured in over 100 advertisements and had minor roles in television and theatre. She achieved mainstream success as Maddie Fitzpatrick in the Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". This success was heightened when she starred as Sharpay Evans in the \"High School Musical\" franchise. The film series proved to be a huge success for Disney and earned a large following. The success of the films led to Tisdale signing with Warner Bros. Records, releasing",
"title": "Ashley Tisdale"
},
{
"id": "5364861",
"text": "Cole Sprouse Cole Mitchell Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor, and twin brother of Dylan Sprouse. He is known for his role as Cody Martin on the Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and its spinoff \"The Suite Life on Deck\". , Sprouse stars as Jughead Jones on The CW television series \"Riverdale\". Cole Mitchell Sprouse was born in Arezzo, Italy, to American parents Matthew Sprouse and Melanie Wright, while they were teaching at an English language school in Tuscany. Cole was born 15 minutes after his older twin brother Dylan Sprouse. Cole",
"title": "Cole Sprouse"
},
{
"id": "14944348",
"text": "peek was shown during the Disney Channel \"Shake It Up\" New Year's event. After making plans to spend spring break with his girlfriend Bailey Pickett (Debby Ryan), Cody Martin (Cole Sprouse) decides to leave the SS \"Tipton\", a large cruise ship where he attends school, to work as an intern for Dr. Donald Spaulding (John Ducey) at a prestigious research firm instead. He does so in hopes of obtaining a scholarship to Yale. When Cody's twin brother Zack (Dylan Sprouse) reveals Cody's plans to Bailey before Cody could, she becomes infuriated that Cody canceled his plans with her and refuses",
"title": "The Suite Life Movie"
},
{
"id": "2721446",
"text": "Nia and Booker. Booker inherit his mother's psychic abilities during middle school. Chelsea Daniels is also a divorced mother, who is raising a son, Levi, and moves in with Raven. \"Palak Pe Jhalak\" is the sixth Disney Channel India series to be adapted in Hindi after Art Attack, Good Luck Charlie, The Suite Life of Zack and Cody, Shake It Up and Jessie, and premiered on September 27, 2015. Ayesha Kaduskar is seen playing the role of Nysha Kapoor, a character similar to Raven Baxter played by Raven-Symoné. The original That's So Raven aired on Disney Channel India as well",
"title": "That's So Raven"
},
{
"id": "5364856",
"text": "Dylan Sprouse Dylan Thomas Sprouse (born August 4, 1992) is an American actor and the twin brother of Cole Sprouse. He is known for his role as Zack Martin on the Disney Channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and its spin-off, \"The Suite Life on Deck\". Sprouse was born in Arezzo, Italy, to American parents Matthew Sprouse and Melanie Wright, while they were teaching at an English language school in Tuscany. Dylan was born 15 minutes before his younger twin brother Cole Sprouse. Four months after his birth, the family moved back to their parents' native Long",
"title": "Dylan Sprouse"
},
{
"id": "4874648",
"text": "(2004) and many other productions. In 2005, Song began playing the lead female role of London Tipton in \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\". The character is noted as one of the Disney Channel's longest continuous characters. Song made her transition into mainstream movies in 2010 when she appeared in the critically acclaimed film \"The Social Network\". She also starred in the short indie film \"First Kiss\". In 2012 and 2013, she had recurring roles in \"Scandal\" and \"New Girl\". In 2013–2014, she starred in the Fox TV series \"Dads\". In October 2014,",
"title": "Brenda Song"
},
{
"id": "2586592",
"text": "of Ashley Tisdale, who was absent due to filming \"High School Musical 2\"). In 2012, she had a recurring role as Camille in the series \"Mr. Box Office\". Giovonnie Samuels Giovonnie Lavette Samuels (born November 10, 1985) is an American actress and voice artist best known for her role as Nia Moseby in \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and for being a series regular on \"All That\" (where she was replaced by Kianna Underwood who replaced Jamie Lynn Spears on All That in 2005). Samuels was born in San Diego, California. She began appearing on \"All That\" during",
"title": "Giovonnie Samuels"
},
{
"id": "17779581",
"text": "time of \"On Deck.\" After traveling around the nation, the twins and their mother Carey arrive in Boston, which becomes their home until \"The Suite Life on Deck\". He and Cody become friends with Maddie Fitzpatrick, and Zack develops an on-and-off crush on her. Zack even keeps a picture of her in his room when he moves to the SS \"Tipton\". During the \"On Deck\" episode \"Maddie On Deck\", Maddie flirts with Zack a bit while visiting and even kisses him to give him confidence. Like Cody, he inherits musical talents from his parents. He has singing talents like his",
"title": "Zack Martin (Suite Life)"
},
{
"id": "11951081",
"text": "that discovers that her classmate is a princess. Droke also starred in the web series \"Poor Paul\". Samantha Droke Samantha Raye Droke (born November 8, 1987) is an American actress. Droke was born in De Leon, Texas. She is well known for her friendship with actress Ashley Tisdale. She made her major motion picture debut in the movie \"Truce\" alongside Buck Taylor, in which she plays Jenny, a young girl that is sent to live with her grandfather after her mother dies. Droke has appeared in television shows such as \"Gilmore Girls\", \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", \"Eastwick\",",
"title": "Samantha Droke"
},
{
"id": "1743685",
"text": "Posey and Melvil Poupaud in \"Broken English\", an independent American feature written and directed by her daughter Zoe Cassavetes. In 2009, she appeared on an episode of \"Monk\" (\"Mr. Monk and the Lady Next Door\"). On March 2, 2010, she appeared on an episode of \"NCIS\" as lead character Leroy Jethro Gibbs's former mother-in-law, who is embroiled in a murder investigation. In 2014, she starred in the film adaptation of \"Six Dance Lessons in Six Weeks\". Rowlands was married to John Cassavetes from April 9, 1954, until his death on February 3, 1989. They met at the American Academy at",
"title": "Gena Rowlands"
},
{
"id": "1461819",
"text": "Shirley Jones Shirley Mae Jones (born March 31, 1934) is an American singer and actress. In her six decades of show business, she has starred as wholesome characters in a number of well-known musical films, such as \"Oklahoma!\" (1955), \"Carousel\" (1956), and \"The Music Man\" (1962). She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing a vengeful prostitute in \"Elmer Gantry\" (1960). She played the lead role of Shirley Partridge, the widowed mother of five children, in the musical situation-comedy television series \"The Partridge Family\" (1970–74), which co-starred her real-life stepson, David Cassidy, son of Jack Cassidy. Jones",
"title": "Shirley Jones"
},
{
"id": "11538920",
"text": "had pitched an idea to the Disney Channel about continuing the \"Suite Life\" series. The show would see Zack and Cody return to the Tipton Hotel in Boston to live with their mother, and would become mentors to a boy who lived with his father at the hotel. Disney rejected the idea initially, but contacted the twins a year later with an edited concept that retained the boy and his father storyline, but Zack and Cody would move to a Miami hotel instead, Selena Gomez would also star and the twins would not get producer credits like they had requested.",
"title": "The Suite Life on Deck"
},
{
"id": "14838043",
"text": "The Suite Life Sets Sail \"The Suite Life Sets Sail\" is the pilot episode of the popular Disney Channel sitcom \"The Suite Life on Deck\", sequel and spin-off to the original series. Debby Ryan joins the cast as Bailey Pickett, close friends with Zack, girlfriend to Cody and roommate with London, as well as Ashley Tisdale leaving the main cast due to Maddie Fitzpatrick having to attend college. After an original sequel named \"Arwin!\" was not picked up by Disney Channel, the creators decided to change the concept. The series premiere in the United States drew 5.7 million viewers, and",
"title": "The Suite Life Sets Sail"
},
{
"id": "9568472",
"text": "materialized when she took her students to the auditions herself. Along with her fellow cast for the movie, she appeared at the Teen Choice Awards to accept an honorary award charting the film's instant success and at the American Music Awards of 2007 accepting the award for Favorite Album. Stroh also serves as co-host for the dance-along version of \"High School Musical 2\". She also had a recurring role (2 episodes) in the Disney Channel Original Series, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" as Leslie, a girl who played on the same volleyball team as main characters of the",
"title": "Kaycee Stroh"
},
{
"id": "8117520",
"text": "the Disney Channel series, \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"That's So Raven\". In 2005, she was cast in \"Weeds\". Although she originally began as a recurring character, Grant's role was promoted and by season three she became a regular part of the cast. Her role as Isabelle Hodes, the lesbian daughter of Celia and Dean Hodes, earned her a SAG nomination as a part of the \"Weeds\" cast. Grant has also appeared in the films \"Fanboys\" (2009), \"The Runaways\" (2010) and \"Struck by Lightning\" (2012). Grant was the valedictorian of her 2011 high school graduating class. She",
"title": "Allie Grant"
},
{
"id": "18360683",
"text": "Saniya Anklesaria Saniya Anklesaria is an actress who appears in Hindi films, commercials and TV shows. She is known for her role of \"Max\" in the popular Disney Channel India sitcom, \"The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir\", an Indian adaptation of the American show \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"Guri Malhotra\", a recurring character on the Disney hit series \"Best of Luck Nikki\", an Indian adaptation of the American show \"Good Luck Charlie\". She also appeared in mainstream Bollywood movies, like \"Rowdy Rathore\", \"Raanjhanaa\" and \"Life's Good\". \"Saniya Anklesaria\" was born in Mumbai, India to her",
"title": "Saniya Anklesaria"
},
{
"id": "3981782",
"text": "Madge Blake Madge Blake (née Cummings; May 31, 1899 – February 19, 1969) was an American character actress best remembered for her roles as Larry Mondello's mother, Margaret Mondello, on the CBS/ABC sitcom \"Leave it to Beaver\", as Flora MacMichael on the ABC/CBS sitcom \"The Real McCoys\", and as Aunt Harriet Cooper in 96 episodes of ABC's \"Batman\". Gene Kelly had a special affection for her and included her in each of his films following her role in \"An American in Paris\". Blake was born in Kinsley in Edwards County, south-central Kansas, to Albert Cummings and the former Alice Stone.",
"title": "Madge Blake"
},
{
"id": "2611470",
"text": "Alyson Stoner Alyson Rae Stoner (born August 11, 1993) is an American actress, singer, dancer and model. Stoner is best known for her roles in \"Cheaper by the Dozen\" (2003), \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" (2005–2007) and the \"Step Up\" series (2006, 2010, 2014). She has been a dancer for several artists, such as Missy Elliott, Eminem, Kumbia Kings, Outkast and Will Smith. Stoner is also known for hosting Disney Channel's \"Mike's Super Short Show\" (2001–2007) and for voicing Isabella Garcia-Shapiro in \"Phineas and Ferb\" (2007–2015). Stoner was born in Toledo, Ohio, the daughter of LuAnne Hodges (née",
"title": "Alyson Stoner"
},
{
"id": "5814403",
"text": "stated London Tipton is her fantasy character. The character is presented as a ditzy, privileged girl with hidden depth. She is the daughter of Wilfred Tipton, the owner of the Tipton Hotel chain and the SS \"Tipton\". Along with Dylan and Cole Sprouse, she has appeared in almost every episode of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\".. London Tipton is the only child of wealthy businessman Wilfred Tipton. Her mother, who has never been named or seen, is of Thai origin; her father is American, though he claims British citizenship for income tax",
"title": "London Tipton"
},
{
"id": "14838044",
"text": "it became the most watched pilot in Canada and on the Family network, also outpacing veteran series \"Hannah Montana\" and \"Wizards of Waverly Place\" with the ratings. Hotel heiress London Tipton (Brenda Song) and twins Zack (Dylan Sprouse) and Cody Martin (Cole Sprouse) are to attend a new semester in Seven Seas High School on the SS \"Tipton\", a cruise ship owned by Wilfred Tipton (voiced by Bob Joles and played by Adam Tait in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody; played by John Michael Higgins in the special Suite Life On Deck episode \"Twister\"). (which was seen in",
"title": "The Suite Life Sets Sail"
},
{
"id": "11872648",
"text": "Award nomination for \"Best Performance in a Television Drama Series\". She was eventually cast in her first main role in Disney Channel's \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" in 2005, which had three seasons (2005-2008). Tisdale's breakthrough role came in the 2006 television movie \"High School Musical\", which became Disney Channel's most watched movie that year. The \"High School Musical\" series became a successful franchise which included the second television movie \"High School Musical 2\" (2007), a feature film \"\" (2008), and a spin-off movie \"Sharpay's Fabulous Adventure\" (2011). She has a main role in \"Phineas & Ferb\" (2007–2015),",
"title": "Ashley Tisdale filmography"
},
{
"id": "11951080",
"text": "Samantha Droke Samantha Raye Droke (born November 8, 1987) is an American actress. Droke was born in De Leon, Texas. She is well known for her friendship with actress Ashley Tisdale. She made her major motion picture debut in the movie \"Truce\" alongside Buck Taylor, in which she plays Jenny, a young girl that is sent to live with her grandfather after her mother dies. Droke has appeared in television shows such as \"Gilmore Girls\", \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", \"Eastwick\", and \"\". She was also seen in the television movie \"Princess Protection Program\" as Brooke, a girl",
"title": "Samantha Droke"
},
{
"id": "10058407",
"text": "Angela V. Shelton Angela V. Shelton (born March 4, 1970 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American comedian and actress. Her television credits include \"Mr. Show with Bob and David\", \"Grounded for Life\", and \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". Shelton was a contestant on the NBC reality series \"I'm a Celebrity... Get Me out of Here!\", but was eliminated on June 4, 2009. She is also one half of the L.A.-based comedy duo Frangela, the other half being Frances Callier, and was the voice of Calypso in the \"Spider-Man 3\" video game. Angela V. Shelton was born on 4",
"title": "Angela V. Shelton"
},
{
"id": "16418634",
"text": "The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir is a Disney Channel India sitcom, which premiered on 8 April 2012 to 18 August 2013. The series is an Indian adaptation of the American show \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". Starring Namit Shah, Siddharth Takkar, Shivshakti Sachdev, Tara Sutaria, Damman Baggan and Shruti Seth, the series is set in the Raj Mahal Hotel in Mumbai and centers on Karan and Kabir, trouble-making twins who live there. Other main characters include Vinnie, the candy-counter girl Vinnie; Rani Oberoi, the daughter of the hotel's owner;",
"title": "The Suite Life of Karan & Kabir"
},
{
"id": "15722117",
"text": "Leslie-Anne Huff Leslie-Anne Huff is an American actress. Huff was born and raised in the San Fernando Valley. She was born to an American father of English descent and a Filipino mother. She attended the University of California, Berkeley. She was highly involved with the Filipino community and co-produced the yearly Pilipino Cultural Night show. Her career began in 2006 with a role in the television series \"\". She has made guest appearances in several television series, including roles in \"NCIS\", \"Bones\", \"Days of Our Lives\", \"Chuck\", \"Greek\" and \"The Suite Life on Deck\". In 2008, she was cast to",
"title": "Leslie-Anne Huff"
},
{
"id": "4586554",
"text": "for a Tony Award for her 1965 performance in James Baldwin's \"The Amen Corner\". She received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance as Sidney Poitier's mother in the 1967 film \"Guess Who's Coming to Dinner\". Other notable movie performances include \"Hurry Sundown\", \"The Great White Hope\", \"Beloved\" and \"In the Heat of the Night\". She made numerous guest television appearances including roles on \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"The Bill Cosby Show\", \"Sanford and Son\", \"Benson\", \"Designing Women\", \"The Practice\", \"The Big Valley\" and \"ER\" (as Dr. Peter Benton's mother.) She was the winner",
"title": "Beah Richards"
},
{
"id": "13220596",
"text": "tire shop. Their mother home-schooled them to support their careers. Raini Rodriguez Raini-Alena Rodriguez (born July 1, 1993) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Trish in the Disney Channel original series \"Austin & Ally\" and Maya Blart in the films \"\" and \"\". She has also appeared in an episode of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and on the Disney XD show \"I'm in the Band\". She played Tess in the 2011 film \"Prom\" and won Best Young Television Actress at the 2013 Imagen Awards. Rodriguez was born in Bryan,",
"title": "Raini Rodriguez"
},
{
"id": "6933235",
"text": "Texas Ranger\", \"Friends\", and \"\". Townsend was a regular cast member on the short-lived sitcoms \"Rock Me, Baby\" (2003–04) and \"Sherri\" (2009). She also had recurring roles on \"Lincoln Heights\", \"Switched at Birth\", and \"The Client List\". In 2015, Townsend began starring as Kira Cooper, the mother of Zendaya's lead character, on the Disney Channel sitcom, \"K.C. Undercover\". Tammy Townsend Tamara Townsend (born August 17, 1970) is an American actress and singer. Townsend is best known for her roles as Wendy Reardon on the NBC daytime soap opera \"Days of Our Lives\" (1994–96); Greta McClure, Eddie's girlfriend on the ABC/CBS",
"title": "Tammy Townsend"
},
{
"id": "11538907",
"text": "The Suite Life on Deck The Suite Life on Deck is an American sitcom that aired on Disney Channel from September 26, 2008 to May 6, 2011. It is a sequel/spin-off of the Disney Channel Original Series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". The series follows twin brothers Zack and Cody Martin and hotel heiress London Tipton in a new setting, the SS \"Tipton\", where they attend classes at \"Seven Seas High School\" and meet Bailey Pickett while Mr. Moseby manages the ship. The ship travels around the world to nations such as Italy, France, Greece, India, Sweden and",
"title": "The Suite Life on Deck"
},
{
"id": "16461502",
"text": "James Snyder (actor) James Randall Snyder (born February 7, 1981) is an American stage, film, and television actor and singer. He graduated from Christian Brothers High School in Sacramento, California and received his with a Bachelor of Fine Arts from the USC School of Dramatic Arts in Los Angeles, where he was a member of the SoCal VoCals, USC's premiere a cappella group. Since 2002, Snyder has appeared on numerous television shows. His television credits include the television film, Anna's Dream, and the TV series Married to the Kellys, Gilmore Girls, The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, Related, Without",
"title": "James Snyder (actor)"
},
{
"id": "11759498",
"text": "Pass the Plate Pass the Plate was a multicultural short-form series filmed in ten countries that is produced by Riverstreet Productions in association with Disney Channel. Hosted by \"The Suite Life of Zack and Cody\"’s Brenda Song, the first season of the series included various other Disney Channel performers from all around the world. Season 2, which debuted on November 1, 2013, was hosted by \"Jessie\"'s Peyton List and Karan Brar. The third season, also hosted by List and Brar, premiered in its entirety on November 8, 2014. Rotating on-air each day, \"Pass the Plate\" \"aims to inspire kids and",
"title": "Pass the Plate"
},
{
"id": "4828027",
"text": "2011. Then it become Toon Disney's first live-action comedy program in 2008. After Toon Disney's closing, they showed reruns on Disney XD. As of June 22, 2015, re-runs air on Disney Channel from 1-2 am eastern and from 4-5 am eastern. As of Fall 2015, re-runs air on Disney Channel at 1:30am eastern and 4:30am eastern. \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" is broadcast on the following stations (and many others) around the world: All episodes of the show are available on iTunes and Zune. The Complete First Season was released to Germany and Brazil on November 13, 2008.",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"
},
{
"id": "17779582",
"text": "mother, as seen in \"Lip-Syncing in the Rain\" and \"Sleepover Suite\". He generally prefers the electric guitar, but is not skilled in other instruments. In the first season, Zack is a huge troublemaker. He generally starts devious schemes, and Cody only complies reluctantly. Cody works as a bag boy at the Paul Revere minimart over the summer during the third season. It becomes a setting and theme for some episodes, most notably \"Summer of Our Discontent\", \"Sink or Swim\", \"Who's the Boss?\" and \"Baggage\". Zack initially shares a room with Bailey Pickett, a smart and intelligent student, who's a girl",
"title": "Zack Martin (Suite Life)"
},
{
"id": "13220594",
"text": "Raini Rodriguez Raini-Alena Rodriguez (born July 1, 1993) is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles as Trish in the Disney Channel original series \"Austin & Ally\" and Maya Blart in the films \"\" and \"\". She has also appeared in an episode of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" and on the Disney XD show \"I'm in the Band\". She played Tess in the 2011 film \"Prom\" and won Best Young Television Actress at the 2013 Imagen Awards. Rodriguez was born in Bryan, Texas. She is the older sister of actor Rico Rodriguez.",
"title": "Raini Rodriguez"
},
{
"id": "8792640",
"text": "Nancy Lenehan Nancy Lenehan (born April 26, 1953) is an American actress who has appeared in film and television since the 1980s. Lenehan was born in Long Island, New York. She co-starred on the short-lived sitcom \"Worst Week\". She also co-starred as Sandy Kelly, the matriarch in the sitcom \"Married to the Kellys\", and had a recurring role on \"My Name Is Earl\" as Earl and Randy's mother, Kay Hickey. She has appeared in featured, recurring and guest roles in many television shows and television movies, and feature films, including \"Malcolm in the Middle\", \"Everybody Loves Raymond\", \"How I Met",
"title": "Nancy Lenehan"
},
{
"id": "4828014",
"text": "appeared more than once is included at list of recurring characters in The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. The 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike resulted in the series being on hiatus. When the strike ended, new episodes began airing on April 19, 2008. The show eventually ended for good with its series finale, a total of three seasons and 87 episodes on September 1, 2008. The episode \"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana\" is the second part of a three-way crossover that begins on \"That's So Raven\" and concludes on \"Hannah Montana\". Raven Baxter meets Zack and",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"
},
{
"id": "6913005",
"text": "in the critically acclaimed film, \"Crash\". In 2007, she reunited with Morgan Freeman (who co-starred with her in \"Lean On Me\"), in the comedy-drama film, \"The Bucket List\". Todd also had supporting roles in the independent films \"The Lena Baker Story\" (2008) and \"I Will Follow\" (2011). On television, Todd guest starred on \"House\", \"The Closer\" and \"Grey's Anatomy\", and, in 2012, had the recurring role in the NBC daytime soap opera, \"Days of Our Lives\" as Celeste Perrault, the mother of Lexie Carver (Renée Jones). Beverly Todd Beverly Todd (born July 11, 1946) is an American actress, producer and",
"title": "Beverly Todd"
},
{
"id": "2611479",
"text": "by the Dozen\". In March 2018, Stoner came out in an article on \"Teen Vogue\", stating she was \"attracted to men, women, and people who identify in other ways.\" Alyson Stoner Alyson Rae Stoner (born August 11, 1993) is an American actress, singer, dancer and model. Stoner is best known for her roles in \"Cheaper by the Dozen\" (2003), \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" (2005–2007) and the \"Step Up\" series (2006, 2010, 2014). She has been a dancer for several artists, such as Missy Elliott, Eminem, Kumbia Kings, Outkast and Will Smith. Stoner is also known for hosting",
"title": "Alyson Stoner"
},
{
"id": "6012599",
"text": "began her acting career when she was 10 years old, making a guest appearance on the \"Gilmore Girls\" episode \"The Hobbit, the Sofa and Digger Stiles.\" Justice portrayed Jill No. 2, a walk-on role. After her appearance in the series, her family moved to Los Angeles, when Justice began to pursue a career in acting. The following year, Justice guest-starred on the second episode of the Disney channel series \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", in which she played a young pageant contestant named Rebecca. Later, Justice was cast as Stella, a young girl who begins seeing visions of",
"title": "Victoria Justice"
},
{
"id": "4828020",
"text": "apartment, the local shopping mall, a bowling alley (The same bowling alley was used to film a scene from the Hannah Montana episode, \"People Who Use People\"), a miniature golf course, Kurt's apartment, Mr. Moseby's condo, the Goose Lodge, Liberty Park, an apartment where Maddie and her friends painted for a poor family for community service, Arwin's apartment, camp Knock-a-Number, the forest that has Merele's cabin, Kurt's tour bus, the shop where Maddie demanded London give her inhaler, an art museum, a dance club, an alley with a garbage container, a pizza restaurant, Theo's home, the \"Risk It All\" studio,",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"
},
{
"id": "9683497",
"text": "\"Joan of Arcadia\", \"Crossing Jordan\", \"Drake & Josh\", \"Zoey 101\", \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\", \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" and \"Casual\". In 2011, she co-starred in the Bobcat Goldthwait film \"God Bless America\". Barr has donated her time over several years to the Boys and Girls Clubs of Huntington Valley as a performer and presenter for a variety of functions, and was a celebrity youth presenter at the 6th annual OMNI Youth Music and Actor Awards. Tara Lynne Barr Tara Lynne Barr (born October 2, 1993) is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her",
"title": "Tara Lynne Barr"
},
{
"id": "8305462",
"text": "CD, Kabaret for Kids. Oda has been performing in professional theatre since the age of six. Shows include The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee, the World Premiere of A Little Princess, the West Coast Premiere of Jane Eyre,the Musical, The Sound of Music, Pacific Overtures, Annie, The Joy Luck Club, A Midsummer Night's Dream, South Pacific, The King and I, and more. Oda graduated from the University of California, Irvine in 2012 with a B.F.A in Musical Theatre. Oda had a recurring role in \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" as Barbara Brownstein. She appeared in two movies:",
"title": "Sophie Oda"
},
{
"id": "3234096",
"text": "as Amy, part of a fractious couple alongside Josh Charles's Jake. She portrayed the unfaithful and unfortunate wife of Anthony Hopkins's character in the 2007 drama \"Fracture\". From 2009 to 2012, she played Rebecca Pryce, wife of Lane Pryce, in the hit AMC television show \"Mad Men\". She also played Felicia Koons, the wife of the dean and the mother of Becca's best friend, Chelsea, on Showtime's \"Californication\". Davidtz played Annika Blomkvist in David Fincher's adaptation of \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\". She also appeared in Marc Webb's Spider-Man reboot \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" as Peter Parker's mother Mary, who",
"title": "Embeth Davidtz"
},
{
"id": "11387295",
"text": "\"Indignation\" (2016), an adaptation of Philip Roth's 2008 novel of the same name, playing Esther Messner, the mother of Logan Lerman's lead character. She is currently a Series Regular on AMC’s \"Lodge 49\", playing Connie Clark. Linda Emond Linda Marie Emond (born May 22, 1959) is an American stage, film and television actress. Emond received Tony Award nominations for her performances in \"Life (x) 3\" (2003), \"Death of a Salesman\" (2012) and \"Cabaret\" (2014). Emond was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey. She was raised in Orange County, California, and attended Loara Elementary, Ball Junior High and Loara High Schools",
"title": "Linda Emond"
},
{
"id": "11538911",
"text": "and its parent series titled \"The Suite Life Movie\" aired on the Disney Channel. The series' forty-minute finale episode, \"Graduation on Deck\", aired on Disney Channel on May 6, 2011, officially ending the series. On February 4, 2008, it was announced that the Disney Channel was developing a new contemporary sequel to the Disney channel sitcom \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". The announcement was made by Gary Marsh, the President of the Disney Channel. He stated, \"Our audience has shown us that after 88 episodes, 'The Suite Life of Zack & Cody' remains one of their favorite sitcoms",
"title": "The Suite Life on Deck"
},
{
"id": "9923315",
"text": "The Suite Life Goes Hollywood \"The Suite Life Goes Hollywood\" is an hour-long episode of \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\". It was presented in two parts and premiered on April 20, 2007, with two encores on April 21 and April 22. On a winter day when school is closed, Zack and Cody cause mischief in the hotel. Two failing screenwriters notice their antics and think it might make a good television show, so the boys, their mother, Maddie, London, and Mr. Moseby fly to Hollywood to consult with the writers and observe the pilot of the show, titled",
"title": "The Suite Life Goes Hollywood"
},
{
"id": "9923316",
"text": "\"How Suite It Is\". They stay at the Tipton in Los Angeles, which is largely identical to the one in Boston, and they meet the cast of the show: Zack and Cody are portrayed by two young boys, Carey by a young lady, Maddie by a pretty girl who pretends to like her, London by a boy, and Moseby by a tall man who talks with street slang. The producers think that the twins playing Zack and Cody are too young, and it is decided that the real Zack and Cody should play themselves. This is something the twins see",
"title": "The Suite Life Goes Hollywood"
},
{
"id": "7411175",
"text": "Before then, she was a recurring guest star in \"The Suite Life of Zack & Cody\" episodes, \"Forever Plaid\", \"Not So Suite 16\", \"Neither a Borrower Nor a Speller Bee\" and \"A Prom Story\" along with Hudgens. Coleman has had seven other guest appearances on television including, \"Boston Public\", \"Gilmore Girls\", \"Malcolm in the Middle\", \"Strong Medicine\", \"\", \"Married to the Kellys\", and \"Veronica Mars\". Coleman was also in the first ever \"Disney Channel Games\" in 2006, on the Blue Team (with Brenda Song, Corbin Bleu, Cole Sprouse, Vanessa Hudgens, and Jason Earles and Brandon Baker). She won with both",
"title": "Monique Coleman"
},
{
"id": "4581477",
"text": "Beach\". She has recently guest-starred on the Disney shows \"Austin and Ally\" and \"Good Luck Charlie\" in 2011. Most recently, she has appeared in \"Raising Hope\", \"Marvin Marvin\", \"Comedy Bang! Bang!\", and in the 2011 film \"Bridesmaids\". She also has a recurring role as Charlie's mom on \"It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia\". Lynne Marie Stewart also appeared on a Biography profile of her best friend Cindy Williams. Lynne got to work with her friend in 2011 at the Surflight Theatre, in New Jersey, when she appeared in the female version of \"The Odd Couple\", starring Cindy Williams and Jo Anne",
"title": "Lynne Marie Stewart"
},
{
"id": "4828015",
"text": "Cody as she visits the Tipton Hotel to do a photo shoot promoting a new fashion line for boys, only to have a troubling psychic vision of Cody. In the meantime, London refuses to wear one of Raven's original designs until Hannah Montana stops by and shows an interest in the fashions. The Tipton Hotel is where Zack, Cody, Carey, and London all live, and where the majority of the other characters in the series work. It is the main setting for the series. The Tipton Hotel is located in Boston, Massachusetts. Hotel Vancouver is used for the exterior of",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"
},
{
"id": "4828025",
"text": "program, while Mr. Moseby manages the ship. Debby Ryan joins the cast as Bailey Pickett, who becomes Zack and Cody's friend (and Cody's girlfriend) and London's friend and roommate. The series also introduces Doc Shaw as Marcus Little, a former superstar who lost his fame after his voice changed. While an attempted spin-off, \"Arwin!\", which was to star Selena Gomez and Brian Stepanek, was not picked up by Disney Channel, \"The Suite Life on Deck\" skipped the pilot process and went straight to the series. On September 20, 2010, Disney Channel announced that production has begun for a Disney Channel",
"title": "The Suite Life of Zack & Cody"
}
] | who played the mom on the suite life of zack and cody |
|
| [
{
"id": "4463437",
"text": "The Return of Sherlock Holmes The Return of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of 13 Sherlock Holmes stories, originally published in 1903-1904, by Arthur Conan Doyle. The stories were published in the \"Strand Magazine\" in Great Britain, and \"Collier's\" in the United States. The book was first published in February 1905 by McClure, Phillips & Co. (New York) then on 7 March 1905 by Georges Newnes, Ltd. (London) and was the first Holmes collection since 1893, when Holmes had \"died\" in \"The Final Problem\". Having published \"The Hound of the Baskervilles\" in 1901–1902, which was set before Holmes' \"death\", Doyle",
"title": "The Return of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "2850926",
"text": "together and published as a book, \"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes\" on 14 October 1892 by George Newnes, the publisher of \"The Strand Magazine\". The initial print run of the book was for 10,000 copies in the United Kingdom, and a further 4,500 copies in the United States, which were published by Harper Brothers the following day. All of the stories within \"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes\" are told in a first-person narrative from the point of view of Dr. Watson, as is the case for all but four of the Sherlock Holmes stories. The \"Oxford Dictionary of National Biography\"",
"title": "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "2868525",
"text": "The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes is the final set of twelve (out of a total of fifty-six) Sherlock Holmes short stories by Arthur Conan Doyle first published in the \"Strand Magazine\" between October 1921 and April 1927. The first British edition and the first American edition of the collection were both published in June 1927. However, they had slightly different titles. The title of the British collection was \"The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes\" (hyphenated \"Case-Book\"), whereas the title of the American edition was \"The Case Book of Sherlock Holmes\" (\"Case Book\" as two words). Further",
"title": "The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "1738403",
"text": "pressed for a royalty instead). It was illustrated by David Henry Friston. The novel was first published as a book in July 1888 by Ward, Lock & Co., and featured drawings by the author's father, Charles Doyle. A second edition appeared the following year and was illustrated by George Hutchinson; a year later in 1890, J. B. Lippincott & Co. released the first American version. Numerous further editions, translations and dramatisations have appeared since. As the first Sherlock Holmes story published, \"A Study in Scarlet\" was among the first to be adapted to the screen. In 1914, Conan Doyle authorised",
"title": "A Study in Scarlet"
},
{
"id": "374466",
"text": "Sherlock Holmes Sherlock Holmes ( or ) is a fictional private detective created by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Referring to himself as a \"consulting detective\" in the stories, Holmes is known for his proficiency with observation, forensic science, and logical reasoning that borders on the fantastic, which he employs when investigating cases for a wide variety of clients, including Scotland Yard. First appearing in print in 1887's \"A Study in Scarlet\", the character's popularity became widespread with the first series of short stories in \"The Strand Magazine\", beginning with \"A Scandal in Bohemia\" in 1891; additional tales appeared",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "374539",
"text": "Sherlock Holmes Sherlock Holmes ( or ) is a fictional private detective created by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Referring to himself as a \"consulting detective\" in the stories, Holmes is known for his proficiency with observation, forensic science, and logical reasoning that borders on the fantastic, which he employs when investigating cases for a wide variety of clients, including Scotland Yard. First appearing in print in 1887's \"A Study in Scarlet\", the character's popularity became widespread with the first series of short stories in \"The Strand Magazine\", beginning with \"A Scandal in Bohemia\" in 1891; additional tales appeared",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "2850924",
"text": "of the Speckled Band\" as his overall favourite. Arthur Conan Doyle began writing while studying medicine at university in the late 1870s, and had his first short story, \"The Mystery of Sasassa Valley\", published in September 1879. After eight years, \"A Study in Scarlet\", Doyle's first Sherlock Holmes story, was published by Ward Lock & Co. The novel was well received, but Doyle was paid little for it, and despite a sequel novel, \"The Sign of the Four\", which was published in Lipincott's Monthly Magazine, he shifted his focus to short stories. In early 1891, the first editor of \"The",
"title": "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "374477",
"text": "of the British government in matters of national security several times, and declines a knighthood \"for services which may perhaps some day be described\". The first set of Holmes stories was published between 1887 and 1893. Wishing to devote more time to his historical novels, Conan Doyle killed off Holmes in a final battle with the criminal mastermind Professor James Moriarty in \"The Final Problem\" (published 1893, but set in 1891). Legend has it that Londoners were so distraught upon hearing the news of Holmes' death that they wore black armbands in mourning. However, there is no known contemporary source",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "2868526",
"text": "confusing the issue of the title, some later publishers released the collection under the title \"The Casebook of Sherlock Holmes\" (\"Casebook\" as a single word). The first edition of \"The Case-Book\", published by John Murray in 1927, does not present the stories in the order in which they were published: The copyrights for Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories expired in 1980 in Canada and in 2000 in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the only Sherlock Holmes works by Doyle still protected by copyrights are ten of the twelve short stories from \"The Case Book\". The first two stories (\"The",
"title": "The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "2850922",
"text": "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of twelve short stories by Arthur Conan Doyle, featuring his fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. It was first published on 14 October 1892; the individual stories had been serialised in \"The Strand Magazine\" between July 1891 and June 1892. The stories are not in chronological order, and the only characters common to all twelve are Holmes and Dr. Watson. The stories are related in first-person narrative from Watson's point of view. In general the stories in \"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes\" identify, and try to correct, social injustices.",
"title": "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "8119047",
"text": "Harry Dickson Harry Dickson is a fictional pulp detective, born in America, educated in London, and was called \"The American Sherlock Holmes\". He has appeared in almost 200 pulp magazines published in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France. The original pulp dime-novel series that later became \"Harry Dickson\" began in Germany in January 1907 under the title of \"Detektiv Sherlock Holmes und seine weltberühmten Abenteuer\" (Sherlock Holmes' Most Famous Cases), published by \"Verlagshaus für Volksliteratur und Kunst\", and comprised 230 issues in total, published until June 1911. The name \"Sherlock Holmes\" was actually used for the first 10 issues. After",
"title": "Harry Dickson"
},
{
"id": "2868532",
"text": "as Eugenia Ronder in \"The Veiled Lodger\". The episodes were written by Bert Coules, Roger Danes, Peter Ling, David Ashton, Robert Forrest, and Michael Bakewell, and directed by Enyd Williams and Patrick Rayner. The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes is the final set of twelve (out of a total of fifty-six) Sherlock Holmes short stories by Arthur Conan Doyle first published in the \"Strand Magazine\" between October 1921 and April 1927. The first British edition and the first American edition of the collection were both published in June 1927. However, they had slightly different titles. The",
"title": "The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "2868518",
"text": "The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of Sherlock Holmes stories, originally published in 1893, by Arthur Conan Doyle. Doyle had decided that these would be the last collection of Holmes's stories, and intended to kill him off in \"The Final Problem\". Reader demand stimulated him to write another Holmes adventure—\"The Hound of the Baskervilles\". In \"The Return of Sherlock Holmes\", Holmes relates the aftermath of \"The Final Problem\", and how he survived. The first London edition of the \"Memoirs\" in 1894 did not include \"The Adventure of the Cardboard Box\", although all twelve",
"title": "The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "591532",
"text": "Harry's parents, but failed to kill Harry when he was just 15 months old. The book was first published in the United Kingdom in 1997 by Bloomsbury. In 1998, it was published in the United States by Scholastic Corporation under the title Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. It won most of the British book awards that were judged by children and other awards in the US. The book reached the top of the \"New York Times\" list of best-selling fiction in August 1999 and stayed near the top of that list for much of 1999 and 2000. It has",
"title": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"
},
{
"id": "374536",
"text": "Mitch Cullin's 2005 novel \"A Slight Trick of the Mind\". Holmes has also appeared in video games, including the \"Sherlock Holmes\" series of eight main titles. According to the publisher, Frogwares, the series has sold over seven million copies. The copyright for Conan Doyle's works expired in the United Kingdom and Canada at the end of 1980, was revived in 1996 and expired again at the end of 2000. The author's works are now in the public domain in those territories. All works published in the United States before 1923 are in the public domain; this includes all the Sherlock",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "374527",
"text": "(beginning with 1994's \"The Beekeeper's Apprentice\"), set during the First World War and the 1920s. Her Holmes, semi-retired in Sussex, is stumbled upon by a teenaged American girl. Recognising a kindred spirit, he trains her as his apprentice and subsequently marries her. As of 2018, the series includes fifteen novels and a novella tied into a book from King's Kate Martinelli series (\"The Art of Detection\"). \"The Final Solution\", a 2004 novella by Michael Chabon, concerns an unnamed but long-retired detective interested in beekeeping who tackles the case of a missing parrot belonging to a Jewish refugee boy. Mitch Cullin's",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "374538",
"text": "Appeals affirmed its decision on 16 June 2014. The case was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which declined to hear the case, letting the appeals court's ruling stand. This final step resulted in the characters from the Holmes stories, along with all but ten of the stories themselves (those present in \"The\" \"Case-Book\" other than \"The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone\" and \"The Problem of Thor Bridge\"), being in the public domain in the U.S. Copyright on the remaining protected stories expires between 2019 and 2023. The short stories, originally published in magazines, were later collected in five anthologies:",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "3378789",
"text": "the publisher of all \"Harry Potter\" books in the United Kingdom, on 30 June 1997. It was released in the United States on 1 September 1998 by Scholastic—the American publisher of the books—as \"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\", after Rowling had received US$105,000 for the American rights—an unprecedented amount for a children's book by a then-unknown author. The second book, \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\" was originally published in the UK on 2 July 1998, and in the US on 2 June 1999. \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\" was then published a year later in",
"title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows"
},
{
"id": "8867074",
"text": "which are currently in publication, either in Green or Haining's book or in standard editions of the \"Complete Stories\": \"To An Undiscerning Critic\" (1912) Guiterman first published his homage in \"America in Life\" (5 December 1912) and then in \"London Opinion\" (14 December 1912), and in his collection \"The Laughing Muse\". Conan Doyle’s answer appeared in the 26 December 1912 issue of \"London Opinion\" and was reprinted in the memoir of the editor of \"London Opinion\", Lincoln Springfield. The late Dean Dickensheet appears to be the first to print the poems together, in \"An ‘Undiscerning Critic’ Discerned\". \"Some Personalia about",
"title": "Canon of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "12828455",
"text": "as tie-in editions, with cover art featuring Cumberbatch and Freeman. \"A Study in Scarlet\" and \"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes\" were released in Autumn 2011, with introductions by Moffat and Gatiss respectively. \"The Hound of the Baskervilles\", \"The Sign of Four\" and \"The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes\" were released in March 2012, with introductions by Cumberbatch, Freeman and Thompson respectively. Two more books, \"The Return of Sherlock Holmes\" and \"His Last Bow\", were released in December 2013, ahead of the premiere of the third series. They featured introductions by Gatiss and Moffat respectively. According to \"Radio Times\", the popularity of",
"title": "Sherlock (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "374467",
"text": "from then until 1927, eventually totalling four novels and 56 short stories. All but one are set in the Victorian or Edwardian eras, between about 1880 and 1914. Most are narrated by the character of Holmes's friend and biographer Dr. Watson, who usually accompanies Holmes during his investigations and often shares quarters with him at the address of 221B Baker Street, London, where many of the stories begin. Though not the first fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes is arguably the best known, with \"Guinness World Records\" listing him as the \"most portrayed movie character\" in history. Holmes's popularity and fame are",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "2502603",
"text": "The Pickwick Papers The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (also known as The Pickwick Papers) was Charles Dickens's first novel. He was asked to contribute to the project as an up-and-coming writer following the success of \"Sketches by Boz\", published in 1836 (most of Dickens' novels were issued in shilling instalments before being published as complete volumes). Dickens (still writing under the pseudonym of Boz) increasingly took over the unsuccessful monthly publication after the original illustrator Robert Seymour had committed suicide. With the introduction of Sam Weller in chapter 10, the book became the first real publishing phenomenon, with",
"title": "The Pickwick Papers"
},
{
"id": "8867079",
"text": "Conan Doyle's handwriting, but typewritten. The \"Strand Magazine\" published extracts from it in August 1943, and it was finally published after demand from Sherlock Holmes societies in 1947, when it was embraced as a new (if slightly inferior) part of the canon by The Baker Street Irregulars amongst others. Initial suspicions of forgery were reported by Vincent Starret and it was eventually discovered by Hesketh Pearson that the story was originally written by Arthur Whitaker, who had sent it to Conan Doyle in hope of a collaboration. Doyle had bought the story, in the thought that he might use the",
"title": "Canon of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "16220264",
"text": "numerous times during its long series of runs. The original text of 1899 was revised with corrections in 1901. There was a further \"corrected and expurgated text\" of approximately 1923, and a final revision for the \"farewell revival\" of 1929–1930. When the play was published in book form (as opposed to a play script) by Doubleday, Doran & Company in 1935, further corrections were made, as described by Vincent Starrett in his introduction:These have been carefully collated and separate scenes and situations of still other corrected versions also have been examined. Finally, Mr. Gillette has been frequently consulted. ... As",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes (play)"
},
{
"id": "12362899",
"text": "Watson owes his surname, but not any other obvious characteristic, to a Portsmouth medical colleague of Doyle's, Dr James Watson. A sequel to \"A Study in Scarlet\" was commissioned, and \"The Sign of the Four\" appeared in \"Lippincott's Magazine\" in February 1890, under agreement with the Ward Lock company. Doyle felt grievously exploited by Ward Lock as an author new to the publishing world and he left them. Short stories featuring Sherlock Holmes were published in the \"Strand Magazine\". Doyle wrote the first five Holmes short stories from his office at 2 Upper Wimpole Street (then known as Devonshire Place),",
"title": "Arthur Conan Doyle"
},
{
"id": "8867056",
"text": "Canon of Sherlock Holmes Traditionally, the canon of Sherlock Holmes consists of the 56 short stories and four novels written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. In this context, the term \"canon\" is an attempt to distinguish between Doyle's original works and subsequent works by other authors using the same characters. The traditional canon—usually capitalized by aficionados of the Sherlockian game as \"the Canon\"—consists of four novels and 56 short stories. The description of these 60 adventures as the Sherlock Holmes canon and the game of applying the methods of \"Higher Criticism\" to it was started by Ronald Knox as a",
"title": "Canon of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "100826",
"text": "of Crime Fiction\", crime fiction from the past 100 years has generally contained 8 key rules to be a detective novel: Sherlock Holmes is British detective fiction written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The first appearance of Sherlock Holmes is at “A study in Scarlet”. At first, Sherlock Holmes did not result massive success, however starting from 1891, after published Sherlock Holmes at “Strand Magazine”, it became unquestionably popular. After Sherlock Holmes, many detective stories followed Conan Doyle’s structure and also include characters which have Sherlock Holmes characteristics. Sherlock Holmes as a series is perhaps the most popular form of",
"title": "Detective fiction"
},
{
"id": "9591605",
"text": "In Re: Sherlock Holmes \"In Re: Sherlock Holmes\"—The Adventures of Solar Pons (in the UK it was titled The Adventures of Solar Pons) is a collection of detective fiction short stories by American writer August Derleth. It was released in 1945 by Mycroft & Moran in an edition of 3,604 copies. It was the first book issued under the Mycroft & Moran imprint. The book is the first collection of Derleth's Solar Pons stories. The stories are pastiches of the Sherlock Holmes tales of Arthur Conan Doyle. \"\"In Re: Sherlock Holmes\" -- The Adventures of Solar Pons\" contains the following",
"title": "In Re: Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "1369036",
"text": "1997 with an initial print-run of 500 copies in hardback, three hundred of which were distributed to libraries. By the end of 1997, the UK edition won a National Book Award and a gold medal in the 9 to 11 year-olds category of the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize. The second novel, \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\", was published in the UK on 2 July 1998. \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\" was published a year later in the UK on 8 July 1999 and in the US on 8 September 1999. \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of",
"title": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix"
},
{
"id": "374511",
"text": "my dear fellow\", allegedly in his 1899 play \"Sherlock Holmes\". However, the script was revised numerous times over the course of some three decades of revivals and publications, and the phrase is present in some versions of the script, but not others. The exact phrase, as well as close variants, can be seen in newspaper and journal articles as early as 1909; there is some indication that it was clichéd even then. The phrase \"Elementary, my dear fellow, quite elementary\" appears in P. G. Wodehouse's novel, \"Psmith in the City\" (1909–10), and \"Elementary, my dear Watson, elementary\" in his 1915",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "9680243",
"text": "in November) Arthur Conan Doyle's first detective novel, \"A Study in Scarlet\", was published, introducing the consulting detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend and chronicler Dr. Watson. Ward Lock and Bowden’s business in New York and Melbourne were doing well and in the mid-1890s, the company opened an office in Toronto, Canada; however, this was closed in 1919. The books published by the firm reflected the changes in English life. These included Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Grey, George Meredith’s \"The Tragic Comedians\", Joseph Hocking’s \"All Men are Liars\", Guy Boothby’s In Strange Company and George Hutchinson’s \"Winning a",
"title": "Ward Lock & Co"
},
{
"id": "2868520",
"text": "U.S. until many years later, when it was added to \"His Last Bow\". Even today, most American editions of the canon include it with \"His Last Bow\", while most British editions keep the story in its original place in \"The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes\". Additionally, when the story was removed from the \"Memoirs\", its opening pages, where Holmes emulates Dupin, were transferred to the beginning of \"The Adventure of the Resident Patient\". In some later U.S. editions of the \"Memoirs\", which still omit \"The Adventure of the Cardboard Box\", this transfer still appears. The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (apart from",
"title": "The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "374512",
"text": "novel \"Psmith, Journalist\" (neither spoken by Holmes). The exact phrase \"Elementary, my dear Watson\" is used by protagonist Tom Beresford in Agatha Christie's 1922 novel \"The Secret Adversary\". It also appears at the end of the 1929 film \"The Return of Sherlock Holmes\", the first Holmes sound film. The phrase became familiar with the American public in part due to its use in The Rathbone-Bruce series of films from 1939 to 1946. Conan Doyle's 56 short stories and four novels are known as the \"canon\" by Holmes aficionados. Early canonical scholars included Ronald Knox in Britain and Christopher Morley in",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "12750704",
"text": "a series of novels\". All have won Junior Library Guild of America Premier Selection Awards. The series as a whole has garnered more than 40 awards, nominations, and honors. The Boy Sherlock Holmes The Boy Sherlock Holmes series of novels, by Shane Peacock, are the childhood exploits of the famous fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. All are published by Tundra Books simultaneously in Canada and the U.S. (and appear in other countries and languages, including China, France, Vietnamese, Indonesia, and Spain). \"Eye of the Crow\" was selected as a \"Booklist\" \"Top Ten in Young Mysteries\" and was a winner of the",
"title": "The Boy Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "12362886",
"text": "Arthur Conan Doyle Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a British writer best known for his detective fiction featuring the character Sherlock Holmes. Originally a physician, in 1887 he published \"A Study in Scarlet\", the first of four novels about Holmes and Dr. Watson. In addition, Doyle wrote over fifty short stories featuring the famous detective. The Sherlock Holmes stories are generally considered milestones in the field of crime fiction. Doyle was a prolific writer; his non-Sherlockian works include fantasy and science fiction stories about Professor Challenger and humorous stories about the Napoleonic",
"title": "Arthur Conan Doyle"
},
{
"id": "8867057",
"text": "playful use of the traditional definition of Canon as an authoritative list of books accepted as Holy Scripture. The four novels of the canon: The 56 short stories are collected in five books: Published 31 October 1892; contains 12 stories published in \"The Strand\" between July 1891 and June 1892 with original illustrations by Sidney Paget. Contains 12 stories published in \"The Strand\" as further episodes of the \"Adventures\" between December 1892 and December 1893 with original illustrations by Sidney Paget (after the magazine publication, Conan Doyle included \"The Adventure of the Cardboard Box\" only in the \"His Last Bow\"",
"title": "Canon of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "8683419",
"text": "animals\". Along with a cash prize of $10,000, the company obtained the publication rights for the novel, releasing it in hardback form on September 11 that year. The novel was published in the United States by Dutton and in Canada by Clarke, Irwin and Company, simultaneously. A reprint by Pocket Books followed in 1971. The novel has been released in twelve other countries, including Finland in 1968 by Otava, and in Germany by Hoffmann und Campe. \"The Fox and the Hound\" was selected as a Reader's Digest Book Club selection in 1967 and an abridged version was printed in the",
"title": "The Fox and the Hound (novel)"
},
{
"id": "3677419",
"text": "Crichlow, \"Chasers\" by Russell Tovey and \"Bad Blood\" by Lucy Gaskell. In 2006, the Ebury Publishing division of Random House acquired a majority shareholding in BBC Books. In 2011, BBC Books launched a publishing programme around BAFTA-winning TV series, Sherlock, which was inspired by the adventures of Arthur Conan Doyle's Victorian detective Sherlock Holmes. The titles will each feature the show's branding and introductions by key members of the Sherlock team, including co-founders Steven Moffat and Mark Gatiss. The first title, Arthur Conan Doyle's \"Sherlock: A Study in Scarlet\", with an introduction by Steven Moffat was released on 15 September",
"title": "BBC Books"
},
{
"id": "20981323",
"text": "In 1946,\"The Baker Street Journal\" was first published. The first issue was lavishly published with Victorian typography, stitched binding and 108 pages of essays, illustrations, and news about Sherlock Holmes. The journal in that initial incarnation was a financial failure and folded in 1949 after a mere thirteen issues. In 1951, Edgar W. Smith revived the journal in a more modest form with a smaller page count, reduced typescript printing, and more affordable materials and binding. In this form, the quarterly has maintained publication ever since. When Edgar Smith died in 1960 after having edited fifty-three issues and an additional",
"title": "The Baker Street Journal"
},
{
"id": "9591606",
"text": "tales: In Re: Sherlock Holmes \"In Re: Sherlock Holmes\"—The Adventures of Solar Pons (in the UK it was titled The Adventures of Solar Pons) is a collection of detective fiction short stories by American writer August Derleth. It was released in 1945 by Mycroft & Moran in an edition of 3,604 copies. It was the first book issued under the Mycroft & Moran imprint. The book is the first collection of Derleth's Solar Pons stories. The stories are pastiches of the Sherlock Holmes tales of Arthur Conan Doyle. \"\"In Re: Sherlock Holmes\" -- The Adventures of Solar Pons\" contains the",
"title": "In Re: Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "2868519",
"text": "stories had appeared in the \"Strand Magazine\". The first U.S. edition included the story, but it was very quickly replaced with a revised edition that omitted it. The reasoning behind the suppression is unclear. In Britain the story was apparently removed at Doyle's request as it included adultery and so was unsuitable for younger readers. This may have also been the cause for the rapid removal of the story from the U.S. edition, and some sources state that the publishers believed the story was too scandalous for the American public. As a result, this story was not republished in the",
"title": "The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "6601207",
"text": "Mr. Mycroft. American novelist and filmmaker Nicholas Meyer wrote three Holmes novels: \"The Seven-Per-Cent Solution\" (1974), \"The West End Horror\" (1976), and \"The Canary Trainer\" (1993). In 1977 the novel \"Exit Sherlock Holmes: The Great Detective's Final Days\" by Robert Lee Hall was published, and featured an exploration of Holmes' origins with a science fiction twist. In this account Holmes and Moriarty are revealed to be from the future. Randall Collins published in 1978 \"The Case of the Philosophers' Ring\", under the pseudonym Dr. John H. Watson, with Holmes' services requested at Cambridge, around 1914, by Bertrand Russell, and meeting",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes pastiches"
},
{
"id": "2850925",
"text": "Strand Magazine\", Herbert Greenhough Smith, received two submissions from Doyle for the newly established magazine. He later described his reaction: \"I at once realised that here was the greatest short story writer since Edgar Allan Poe.\" The first of these, \"A Scandal in Bohemia\" was published near the back of \"The Strand Magazine\" in July 1891. The stories proved popular, helping to boost the circulation of the magazine, and Doyle received 30 guineas for each short story in the initial run of twelve. These first twelve stories were published monthly from July 1891 until June 1892, and then were collected",
"title": "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "3677420",
"text": "2011. Arthur Conan Doyle's \"Sherlock: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes\",with an introduction by Mark Gatiss, followed on 27 October 2011. Three books \"Sherlock: Sign of Four, Sherlock: The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes\" and \"Sherlock: The Hound of the Baskervilles\" with introductions by Martin Freeman, Steve Thompson and Benedict Cumberbatch were released on 29 March 2012. In autumn 2012, BBC Books has published \"Sherlock: The Casebook\" as a hardback gift guide, revisiting all the mysteries solved throughout the TV series. BBC Books BBC Books (also formerly known as BBC Publishing) is an imprint majority owned and managed by Penguin Random House",
"title": "BBC Books"
},
{
"id": "591573",
"text": "family throughout the series, and in his treatment of first Rubeus Hagrid and later Remus Lupin and Sirius Black as father-figures. The second book, \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\", was originally published in the UK on July 2, 1998 and later, in the US on June 2, 1999. \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\" was then published a year later in the UK on July 8, 1999 and in the US on September 8, 1999. \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\" was published on 8 July 2000 at the same time by Bloomsbury and Scholastic. \"Harry",
"title": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"
},
{
"id": "374526",
"text": "housekeeper Mrs. Hudson is the protagonist. Mycroft Holmes has been the subject of several efforts: \"Enter the Lion\" by Michael P. Hodel and Sean M. Wright (1979), a four-book series by Quinn Fawcett, and 2015's \"Mycroft\", by former NBA star Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. John Gardner, Michael Kurland, and Kim Newman, amongst many others, have all written tales in which Holmes's nemesis Professor Moriarty is the main character. Anthologies edited by Michael Kurland and George Mann are entirely devoted to stories told from the perspective of characters other than Holmes and Watson. Laurie R. King recreated Holmes in her Mary Russell series",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "8126976",
"text": "Sherlock Holmes: The Way of All Flesh Sherlock Holmes ~ The Way of All Flesh is a novella written by Daniel Ward. It is a Sherlock Holmes pastiche, first published by Classic Mysteries, a small press dedicated to new mystery writers, in 2004. It was published again a year later by the Linford Mystery Series, an imprint of Ulverscroft. In September 2010, the novel was made available to download on Kindle. Sherlock Holmes is called in to investigate when the body of an Italian diplomat is discovered in the River Thames, his torso horrifically mutilated. Fearing the political repercussions -",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes: The Way of All Flesh"
},
{
"id": "3485113",
"text": "offices were in Burleigh Street off The Strand, London. It was revived in 1998 as a quarterly magazine. It was normally bound as six-monthly volumes, from January to June and July to December, but from the mid-1930s this varied, and the final volumes in the late 1940s ran from October to March and April to September, the final volume CXVIII (118) running from October 1949 to March 1950. The Sherlock Holmes short stories by Arthur Conan Doyle were first published in \"The Strand\" with illustrations by Sidney Paget. With the serialisation of Doyle's \"The Hound of the Baskervilles\", sales reached",
"title": "The Strand Magazine"
},
{
"id": "10597779",
"text": "essay which is regarded as the founding text of \"Holmesian scholarship\". That essay was re-printed, among others, in 1928 and the following year, Sydney Roberts, then a professor at Cambridge University, issued a reply to Knox's arguments, in a booklet entitled \"A Note on the Watson Problem\". S.C. Roberts issued then a complete Watson biography. A book by T.S. Blakeney followed and the \"Holmesian\" game (commonly referred to simply as \"the game\") was born. Early Holmesians of note include the bibliographer and book collector Vincent Starrett and the archaeologist Harold Wilmerding Bell. One aspect of the Game in its traditional",
"title": "Sherlockian game"
},
{
"id": "12828456",
"text": "\"Sherlock\" has led to a resurgence in the sales of the original Conan Doyle stories. \"Sherlock: The Casebook\", a companion book to the series written by Guy Adams, was published by BBC Books in the United Kingdom in October 2012. The book was republished in the United States under the title \"The Sherlock Files: The Official Companion to the Hit Television Series\" in July 2013. In Japan, a manga adaptation of the series illustrated by Jay was serialised in Kadokawa's \"Young Ace\" magazine from 4 October 2012. The English translation of this manga series will be released by Titan Comics",
"title": "Sherlock (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "5725232",
"text": "in the US on 2 June 1999. \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\" was published a year later in the UK on 8 July 1999 and in the US on 8 September 1999. \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\" was published on 8 July 2000 at the same time by Bloomsbury and Scholastic. \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\" is the longest book in the series, at 766 pages in the UK version and 870 pages in the US version. It was published worldwide in English on 21 June 2003. \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\"",
"title": "Harry Potter"
},
{
"id": "591554",
"text": "plume\" J.K. Rowling just before publication. In June 1997, Bloomsbury published \"Philosopher's Stone\" with an initial print-run of 500 copies in hardback, three hundred of which were distributed to libraries. Her original name, \"Joanne Rowling\", can be found in small print on the copyright page of this first British edition. (The 1998 first American edition would remove reference to \"Joanne\" completely.) The short initial print run was standard for first novels, and Cunningham hoped booksellers would read the book and recommend it to customers. Examples from this initial print run have sold for as much as US$33,460 in a 2007",
"title": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"
},
{
"id": "1738382",
"text": "to unravel it, and isolate it, and expose every inch of it.\" The story, and its main characters, attracted little public interest when it first appeared. Only 11 complete copies of the magazine in which the story first appeared, \"Beeton's Christmas Annual\" for 1887, are known to exist now and they have considerable value. Although Conan Doyle wrote 56 short stories featuring Holmes, \"A Study in Scarlet\" is one of only four full-length novels in the original canon. The novel was followed by \"The Sign of the Four\", published in 1890. \"A Study in Scarlet\" was the first work of",
"title": "A Study in Scarlet"
},
{
"id": "16671288",
"text": "called \"definitive\" and \"a landmark in Sherlockian publishing.\" The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes is a series of three annotated books edited by Leslie S. Klinger, collecting all of Arthur Conan Doyle's short stories and novels about Sherlock Holmes. The books were originally published by W. W. Norton in oversized slipcased hardcover editions. The first two volumes containing the short stories were published on November 17, 2004, with the third volume containing the novels following a year later on November 17, 2005. Each volume was subsequently published separately on November 5, 2007 without a slipcase. This",
"title": "The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "1738402",
"text": "Watson states that Holmes should record the adventure and publish it. Upon Holmes's refusal, Watson decides to do it himself. Conan Doyle wrote the novel at the age of 27 in less than three weeks. As a general practice doctor in Southsea, Portsmouth, he had already published short stories in several magazines of the day, such as the periodical \"London Society\". The story was originally titled \"A Tangled Skein\", and was eventually published by Ward Lock & Co. in \"Beeton's Christmas Annual 1887\", after many rejections. The author received £25 in return for the full rights (although Conan Doyle had",
"title": "A Study in Scarlet"
},
{
"id": "4323654",
"text": "Rider Haggard published \"King Solomon's Mines\". In 1886 Emily Dickinson died. Leo Tolstoy published \"The Death of Ivan Ilyich\". In 1887 Oscar Wilde published \"The Canterville Ghost\". Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta \"Ruddigore, or, The Witch's Curse\" was staged. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle published \"A Study in Scarlet\", the first Sherlock Holmes story and the beginning of crime fiction as a genre. H. Rider Haggard published \"She\" first serialized in \"The Graphic\" from October 1886 to January 1887. In 1888 Oscar Wilde published \"The Happy Prince and Other Stories\". Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta \"The Yeomen of the Guard\", or, \"The Merryman",
"title": "History of modern literature"
},
{
"id": "5587409",
"text": "by Bloomsbury in 1997, with an initial print-run of 500 copies in hardback, 300 of which were distributed to libraries. By the end of 1997, the UK edition won a National Book Award and a gold medal in the 9- to 11-year-olds category of the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize. The second book, \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\", was originally published in the UK on 2 July 1998 and in the US on 2 June 1999. \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\" was then published a year later in the UK on 8 July 1999 and in the",
"title": "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince"
},
{
"id": "2850928",
"text": "he believed were his twelve best Sherlock Holmes stories to \"The Strand Magazine\". Among those he listed were \"The Adventure of the Speckled Band\" (as his favourite), \"The Red-Headed League\" (second), \"A Scandal in Bohemia\" (fifth) and \"The Five Orange Pips\" (seventh). The book was banned in the Soviet Union in 1929 because of its alleged \"occultism\", but the book gained popularity in a black market of similarly banned books, and the restriction was lifted in 1940. \"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes\" were well received upon their serialisation in \"The Strand Magazine\". Following the publication of \"A Scandal in Bohemia\"",
"title": "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "6128155",
"text": "which he created The Library of St. John the Beheaded as a meeting place for the worlds of Sherlock Holmes and \"Doctor Who\". The first book in the 'Young Sherlock Holmes' series – \"\" – was published in the United Kingdom in June 2010 (February 2011 in the United States), with the second – \"\" – published in the United Kingdom in November of that year (with a United States publication date under the title \"Rebel Fire\" of February 2012). The third book – \"\" – was published in June 2011 in the UK while the fourth book – \"Fire",
"title": "Andy Lane"
},
{
"id": "374537",
"text": "Holmes stories, except for some of the short stories collected in \"The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes\". Conan Doyle's heirs registered the copyright to \"The Case-Book\" in 1981 in accordance with the Copyright Act of 1976. On 14 February 2013, Leslie S. Klinger (lawyer and editor of \"The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes\") filed a declaratory judgement suit against the Conan Doyle estate in the Northern District of Illinois asking the court to acknowledge that the characters of Holmes and Watson were public domain in the U.S. The court ruled in Klinger's favour on 23 December, and the Seventh Circuit Court of",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "4090261",
"text": "book, among them: The Valley of Fear The Valley of Fear is the fourth and final Sherlock Holmes novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It is loosely based on the Molly Maguires and Pinkerton agent James McParland. The story was first published in the \"Strand Magazine\" between September 1914 and May 1915. The first book edition was copyrighted in 1914, and it was first published by George H. Doran Company in New York on 27 February 1915, and illustrated by Arthur I. Keller. The novel starts with Sherlock Holmes receiving a cipher message from Fred Porlock, a pseudonymous agent of",
"title": "The Valley of Fear"
},
{
"id": "374524",
"text": "of Sherlock Holmes\", edited by Peter Haining; and \"The Uncollected Sherlock Holmes\", compiled by Richard Lancelyn Green. In terms of writers other than Conan Doyle, authors as diverse as Anthony Burgess, Neil Gaiman, Dorothy B. Hughes, Stephen King, Tanith Lee, A. A. Milne, and P. G. Wodehouse have all written Sherlock Holmes pastiches. Notably, famed American mystery writer John Dickson Carr collaborated with Arthur Conan Doyle's son, Adrian Conan Doyle, on \"The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes\", a pastiche collection from 1954. In 2011, Anthony Horowitz published a Sherlock Holmes novel, \"The House of Silk\", presented as a continuation of Conan",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "8668128",
"text": "Sherlock Holmes's War of the Worlds Sherlock Holmes's War of the Worlds is a sequel to H. G. Wells's science fiction novel \"The War of the Worlds\", written by Manly Wade Wellman and his son Wade Wellman, and published in 1975. It is a pastiche crossover which combines H. G. Wells's extraterrestrial invasion story with Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes and Professor Challenger stories. The book is composed of stories originally published in \"The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction\". The story consists of the adventures of Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Watson, and Professor Challenger in London during the Martian",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes's War of the Worlds"
},
{
"id": "8867058",
"text": "collection). Contains 13 stories published in \"The Strand\" between October 1903 and December 1904 with original illustrations by Sidney Paget. Contains 7 stories published 1908–1917. Many editions of \"His Last Bow\" have eight stories, with \"The Adventure of the Cardboard Box\" being a part of this collection rather than in \"The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes\"). Contains 12 stories published 1921–1927. Since the author's death, professional and amateur Holmesians have discussed endlessly the expansion of this canon, to include other works by Doyle, including works in other media, into the current complete adventures. Rumours have always surrounded lost works, and in",
"title": "Canon of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "16671287",
"text": "The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes is a series of three annotated books edited by Leslie S. Klinger, collecting all of Arthur Conan Doyle's short stories and novels about Sherlock Holmes. The books were originally published by W. W. Norton in oversized slipcased hardcover editions. The first two volumes containing the short stories were published on November 17, 2004, with the third volume containing the novels following a year later on November 17, 2005. Each volume was subsequently published separately on November 5, 2007 without a slipcase. This publication of the Sherlock Holmes canon has been",
"title": "The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "1590997",
"text": "in the Rue Morgue\" by Edgar Allan Poe (1841) as may have been Voltaire's \"Zadig\". Wilkie Collins' epistolary novel \"The Woman in White\" was published in 1860, while \"The Moonstone\" (1868) is often thought to be his masterpiece. In 1887 Arthur Conan Doyle introduced Sherlock Holmes, whose mysteries are said to have been singularly responsible for the huge popularity in this genre. The genre began to expand near the turn of century with the development of dime novels and pulp magazines. Books were especially helpful to the genre, with many authors writing in the genre in the 1920s. An important",
"title": "Mystery fiction"
},
{
"id": "12763049",
"text": "first Sherlock Holmes novel, \"A Study in Scarlet\", which was also the first Sherlock Holmes adventure. Friston created four pictures for the story, which were engraved by W.M.R. Quick, and published in the 1887 issue of \"Beeton's Christmas Annual\". Friston's pictures are acknowledged to be the first portraits of the Holmes character. The annual was issued in November at a price of one shilling and had sold out before Christmas. \"The Bookman\" of New York noted, in 1932, that Friston's Holmes had attracted some criticism: \"For the initial appearance of a detective whose exploits were to be recorded for nearly",
"title": "David Henry Friston"
},
{
"id": "374478",
"text": "for this; the earliest known reference to such events comes from 1949. After resisting public pressure for eight years, Conan Doyle wrote \"The Hound of the Baskervilles\" (serialised in 1901–02, with an implicit setting before Holmes's death). In 1903, Conan Doyle wrote \"The Adventure of the Empty House\", set in 1894; Holmes reappears, explaining to a stunned Watson that he had faked his death to fool his enemies. \"The Adventure of the Empty House\" marks the beginning of the second set of stories, which Conan Doyle wrote until 1927.Holmes aficionados refer to the period from 1891 to 1894—between his disappearance",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "374520",
"text": "in popular literature, making him (as of 2017) the only fictional character thus honoured. The popularity of Sherlock Holmes has meant that many writers other than Arthur Conan Doyle have created tales of the detective in a wide variety of different media, with varying degrees of fidelity to the original characters, stories, and setting. According to \"The Alternative Sherlock Holmes: Pastiches, Parodies, and Copies\" by Peter Ridgway Watt and Joseph Green, the first known period pastiche dates from 1893. Titled \"The Late Sherlock Holmes\", it came from the pen of Conan Doyle's close friend, J. M. Barrie. A common pastiche",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "3378790",
"text": "the UK on 8 July 1999, and in the US on 8 September 1999. \"Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire\" was published on 8 July 2000 at the same time by Bloomsbury and Scholastic. \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\" is the longest book in the series at 766 pages in the UK version and 870 pages in the US version. It was published worldwide in English on 21 June 2003. \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\" was published on 16 July 2005, and it sold 9 million copies in the first 24 hours of its worldwide",
"title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows"
},
{
"id": "10449656",
"text": "Holmes on the Range Holmes on the Range (born February 7, 2006 in St. Martin's Minotaur) is the debut novel from Steve Hockensmith and introduced the characters of Gustav \"Old Red\" Amlingmeyer and his younger brother Otto \"Big Red\" Amlingmeyer. Mr. Hockensmith was a finalist for the Edgar Award for this novel. In 1892, cowboy Gustav \"Old Red\" Amlingmeyer is read a Sherlock Holmes story \"The Red-Headed League\" by his younger brother Otto \"Big Red\" Amlingmeyer while on a cattle drive and decides to follow in his new hero's footsteps, by using logic and observation to solve mysteries. Unfortunately for",
"title": "Holmes on the Range"
},
{
"id": "2025845",
"text": "\"The Prisoner of Zenda\" (1894). Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–94) also wrote works in this genre, including \"Kidnapped\" (1886), an historical novel set in the aftermath of the Jacobite rising of 1745, and \"Treasure Island\" (1883), the classic pirate adventure. Wilkie Collins' epistolary novel \"The Moonstone\" (1868) is generally considered the first detective novel in the English language, and soon after Sir Arthur Conan Doyle began his Sherlock Holmes series about a London-based \"consulting detective\". Doyle wrote four novels and fifty-six short stories featuring Holmes, from 1880 up to 1907, with a final case in 1914. H. G. Wells's (1866–1946) writing",
"title": "British literature"
},
{
"id": "374525",
"text": "Doyle's work and with the approval of the Conan Doyle estate. A sequel, \"Moriarty\", was published in 2014. Some authors have written tales centred on characters from the canon other than Holmes. M. J. Trow has written a series of seventeen books using Inspector Lestrade as the central character, beginning with \"The Adventures of Inspector Lestrade\" in 1985. Carole Nelson Douglas' Irene Adler series is based on \"the woman\" from \"A Scandal in Bohemia\", with the first book (1990's \"Good Night, Mr. Holmes\") retelling that story from Adler's point of view. Martin Davies has written three novels where Baker Street",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "591558",
"text": "In 2003, the novel was listed at number 22 on the BBC's survey The Big Read. \"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone\" won two publishing industry awards given for sales rather than literary merit, the British Book Awards Children's Book of the Year and the Booksellers' Association / \"Bookseller\" Author of the Year. By March 1999 UK editions had sold just over 300,000 copies, and the story was still the UK's best-selling title in December 2001. A Braille edition was published in May 1998 by the Scottish Braille Press. Platform, from which the Hogwarts Express left London, was commemorated in",
"title": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"
},
{
"id": "10574387",
"text": "smoking literary figures of all, Sherlock Holmes. Other than being a frequent part of short stories and novels, smoking has spawned endless eulogies, praising its qualities and affirming the author's identity as a devoted smoker. Especially during the late 19th century and early 20th century, a panoply of books with titles like \"Tobacco: Its History and associations\" (1876), \"Cigarettes in Fact and Fancy\" (1906) and \"Pipe and Pouch: The Smokers Own Book of Poetry\" (1905) were written in the UK and the US. The titles were written by men for other men and contained general tidbits and poetic musings about",
"title": "Smoking"
},
{
"id": "8867071",
"text": "\"A Study in Scarlet\", \"The Sign of Four\", \"The Boscombe Valley Mystery\", \"The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter\", and \"The Adventure of the Naval Treaty\". It includes the very first mention of the phrase \"Elementary, my dear Watson\". While Conan Doyle wrote the original version, it is unclear how much of his material survived in the play as performed, which was written by Gillette. Conan Doyle and Gillette later revised the play together; it has since been revised by others twice. The Speckled Band (or The Stonor Case) (1902) Around 1902, Doyle wrote and produced a play based on his",
"title": "Canon of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "374528",
"text": "novel \"A Slight Trick of the Mind\" (2005) takes place two years after the end of the Second World War, and explores an old and frail Sherlock Holmes (now 93) as he comes to terms with a life spent in emotionless logic; this was also adapted into a film, 2015's \"Mr. Holmes\". There have been a host of scholarly works dealing with Sherlock Holmes, some working within the bounds of the Great Game, and some written with the understanding that Holmes is a fictional character. In particular, there have been three major annotated editions of the complete series. The first",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "12065793",
"text": "and from those of faith who saw it as another step in the advancement of apostasy or ism. As with many other best-sellers, though, it was repeatedly copied and sales of the unauthorized editions matched or surpassed those of the authorized. The book was out of print for twenty-five years, but was republished as a scholarly edition in 2013 which includes extracts from Gladstone's review. Plans were immediately underway to dramatize the work at the Madison Square Theatre on Broadway in New York City. Actor/playwright William Gillette, who would later be renowned for playing Sherlock Holmes, was given the task",
"title": "Robert Elsmere"
},
{
"id": "12362902",
"text": "dead. Holmes was ultimately featured in a total of 56 short stories—the last published in 1927—and four novels by Doyle, and has since appeared in many novels and stories by other authors. Jane Stanford compares some of Moriarty's characteristics to those of the Fenian John O'Connor Power. \"The Final Problem\" was published the year the Second Home Rule Bill passed through the House of Commons. \"The Valley of Fear\" was serialised in 1914, the year Home Rule, the Government of Ireland Act (18 September) was placed on the Statute Book. Doyle's first novels were \"The Mystery of Cloomber\", not published",
"title": "Arthur Conan Doyle"
},
{
"id": "8867069",
"text": "of the Sherlock Holmes story it is written in the third person, presumably due to its length. Angels of Darkness (c. 1889) Unpublished until 2000, this play was written shortly after \"A Study in Scarlet\" was published. It is essentially a rewrite of the American chapters of \"A Study in Scarlet\", with the London action moving to San Francisco. Holmes is not present, but Watson is, in a very different form. He acts discreditably and even marries another woman. The publication of this play was at first suppressed, Doyle’s biographer, John Dickson Carr stated that it would do no good",
"title": "Canon of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "15394391",
"text": "producers of the Broadway musical \"Baker Street\". In 1964, an adaptation of \"The Adventure of the Speckled Band\" was commissioned as a pilot for a twelve part series of Sherlock Holmes stories. Giles Cooper wrote the adaptation and Douglas Wilmer was cast as Holmes and Nigel Stock as Watson, with Felix Felton as Dr. Grimesby Roylott. The hour-long pilot was aired as an episode of \"Detective\" on 18 May and was popular enough to re-air on 25 September. Wilmer and Stock were secured for a twelve part black-and-white series to air the following year. Wilmer was a lifelong fan of",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes (1965 TV series)"
},
{
"id": "1413934",
"text": "the year, Harry and his friends Ron and Hermione investigate the attacks. The book was published in the United Kingdom on 2 July 1998 by Bloomsbury and later, in the United States on 2 June 1999 by Scholastic Inc. Although Rowling says she found it difficult to finish the book, it won high praise and awards from critics, young readers and the book industry, although some critics thought the story was perhaps too frightening for younger children. Much like with other novels in the series, \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\" triggered religious debates; some religious authorities have condemned",
"title": "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets"
},
{
"id": "2368439",
"text": "Early American editions of The Hobbit The early United States editions of J. R. R. Tolkien's \"The Hobbit\" were published by the Houghton Mifflin Company of Boston and New York City. They are very collectible but extraordinarily difficult to identify. This article describes all known printings until the third edition, which appeared in 1966. In this description, \"printing\" and \"impression\" are used interchangeably. Early editions of a book as popular and enduring as J. R. R. Tolkien's \"The Hobbit\" inevitably attract the attention and money of both book collectors and fans. Because a publisher cannot predict accurately how the public",
"title": "Early American editions of The Hobbit"
},
{
"id": "16261053",
"text": "Sherlock Holmes: The Breath of God Sherlock Holmes: The Breath of God is a Sherlock Holmes pastiche novel by Guy Adams, originally published in 2011. The novel is an account of a mystery involving the supernatural deaths of people. In the course of his investigation, Holmes meets Aleister Crowley and William Hope Hodgson's supernatural detective Thomas Carnacki. Peter Coleborn writing for the British Fantasy Society called it \"well written, engrossing and effective\". The Daily Rotation claimed \"the book has a crisp wit, high adventure, knowing nods to literary fans, and a well plotted mystery\". \"Publishers Weekly\", however, was more mixed",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes: The Breath of God"
},
{
"id": "4090248",
"text": "The Valley of Fear The Valley of Fear is the fourth and final Sherlock Holmes novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. It is loosely based on the Molly Maguires and Pinkerton agent James McParland. The story was first published in the \"Strand Magazine\" between September 1914 and May 1915. The first book edition was copyrighted in 1914, and it was first published by George H. Doran Company in New York on 27 February 1915, and illustrated by Arthur I. Keller. The novel starts with Sherlock Holmes receiving a cipher message from Fred Porlock, a pseudonymous agent of Professor Moriarty. After",
"title": "The Valley of Fear"
},
{
"id": "6435628",
"text": "estate, and \"Red Axe of Pellucidar\", reportedly blocked by the same authority. Ready for publication in 1980, it only saw print thirteen years later in a private printing. A planned third novel in the series, \"Swordsmen of Pellucidar\", remained unfinished. His other pastiches also met with mixed success. While \"Mordred\", his Buck Rogers novel, saw print, his Conan novel, while contracted and paid for by Tor Books, was ultimately rejected. Another novel, \"Danton Doring\", a collaboration with Burroughs' son John Coleman Burroughs, whom he helped treat for Parkinson's disease, was never completed. Holmes was a regular guest at Burroughs fan",
"title": "John Eric Holmes"
},
{
"id": "6601204",
"text": "Sherlock Holmes pastiches Sherlock Holmes has long been a popular character for pastiche, Holmes-related work by authors and creators other than Arthur Conan Doyle. Their works can be grouped into four broad categories: New Sherlock Holmes stories fall into many categories, including: In 1913 the Greek novel \"Sherlock Holmes saving Mr. Venizelos\" (\"Ο Σέρλοκ Χολμς σώζων τον κ. Βενιζέλον\") was serialized in the magazine \"Hellas\". Written by an anonymous author, it describes Holmes' attempts to save Eleftherios Venizelos from a Bulgarian organization's assassination plot during the London Conference of 1912–13. It is considered the first detective novel of the Greek",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes pastiches"
},
{
"id": "374468",
"text": "such that many have believed him to be not a fictional character but a real individual; numerous literary and fan societies have been founded that pretend to operate on this principle. Widely considered a British cultural icon, the character and stories have had a profound and lasting effect on mystery writing and popular culture as a whole, with the original tales as well as thousands written by authors other than Conan Doyle being adapted into stage and radio plays, television, films, video games, and other media for over one hundred years. Edgar Allan Poe's C. Auguste Dupin is generally acknowledged",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "12362901",
"text": "of his time. In December 1893, to dedicate more of his time to his historical novels, Doyle had Holmes and Professor Moriarty plunge to their deaths together down the Reichenbach Falls in the story \"The Final Problem\". Public outcry, however, led him to feature Holmes in 1901 in the novel \"The Hound of the Baskervilles\". In 1903, Doyle published his first Holmes short story in ten years, \"The Adventure of the Empty House\", in which it was explained that only Moriarty had fallen, but since Holmes had other dangerous enemies—especially Colonel Sebastian Moran—he had arranged to also be perceived as",
"title": "Arthur Conan Doyle"
},
{
"id": "20512127",
"text": "Sherlock Holmes and the Shadwell Shadows Sherlock Holmes and the Shadwell Shadows is a mystery novel by James Lovegrove. It is a Sherlock Holmes pastiche that involves H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos. It is the first book in a planned trilogy of \"The Cthulhu Casebooks\" with the second novel, \"Sherlock Holmes and the Miskatonic Monstrosities\", having been released in November 2017 and the third, \"Sherlock Holmes and the Sussex Sea-Devils\", in November 2018. A series of mysterious deaths inspire Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson to investigate the criminal element of the East End of London. Their investigation leads to crime",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes and the Shadwell Shadows"
},
{
"id": "10862051",
"text": "of growth. While sales of the novel were slow at first, they steadily continued, and ultimately totaled about 250,000 copies. Reprinted in 1886, this novel was her most popular. She was first published by Appleton, and later for 20 years by G.W. Carleton, which was succeeded by G.W. Dillingham, all of New York City. As \"The Nation\" noted in its obituary at her death: It is an eternal paradox of our world of letters that the books which enjoy the largest sale are barely recognized as existing by the guardians of literary tradition. Mrs. Mary Jane Holmes, who died Sunday",
"title": "Mary Jane Holmes"
},
{
"id": "6601127",
"text": "ballets, films, musicals, operettas, oratorios, plays, radio and television programs, parodies and pastiches, children's books, cartoons, comics, and a multitude of other items — from advertisements to wine — that have accumulated throughout the world on the two most famous characters in literature.\" Three \"Sherlock Holmes\" adaptations have appeared in American newspapers. The first, titled \"Sherlock Holmes\", ran from 1930 to 1931. \"Sherlock Holmes\" was drawn by Leo O'Mealia (who later drew covers for \"Action Comics\") and distributed by the Bell Syndicate. A short-lived half-page Sherlock Holmes comic strip appeared daily and Sunday in the 1950s, written by radio scriptwriter",
"title": "Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "591574",
"text": "Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\" is the longest book in the series at 766 pages in the UK version and 870 pages in the US version. It was published worldwide in English on June 21, 2003. \"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince\" was published on July 16, 2005 and sold 11 million copies in the first 24 hours of its worldwide release. The seventh and final novel, \"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows\", was published on July 21, 2007. The book sold 11 million copies within 24 hours of its release: 2.7 million copies in the UK and",
"title": "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone"
},
{
"id": "5725231",
"text": "by Scholastic – the American publisher of the books – as \"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\", after Rowling had received US$105,000 for the American rights – a record amount for a children's book by an unknown author. Fearing that American readers would not associate the word \"philosopher\" with magic (although the Philosopher's Stone is an ancient tradition in alchemy), Scholastic insisted that the book be given the title \"Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone\" for the American market. The second book, \"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets\", was originally published in the UK on 2 July 1998 and",
"title": "Harry Potter"
},
{
"id": "20495869",
"text": "Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street: A Life of the World's First Consulting Detective is a 1962 novel by William S. Baring-Gould. The book purports to be a biography of Sherlock Holmes. Some aspects of the book were loosely based on the life of Baring-Gould's paternal grandfather, Sabine Baring-Gould. Five years later, Baring-Gould would go on to publish an \"Annotated Sherlock Holmes\", which would be considered definitive, at least until Leslie S. Klinger published \"The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes\" in 2004–2005. Baring-Gould used many biography details he invented in \"Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street\" for his",
"title": "Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street"
},
{
"id": "2868527",
"text": "Adventure of the Mazarin Stone\", 1921, and \"The Problem of Thor Bridge\", 1922) are already in the public domain since they were published before 1923. The other stories will enter the public domain on 1 January of the year after the 95th anniversary of each story's publication: 1 January 2019 for \"The Adventure of the Creeping Man\"; 1 January 2020 for \"The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire\", \"The Adventure of the Three Garridebs\" and \"The Adventure of the Illustrious Client\"; 1 January 2022 for \"The Adventure of the Three Gables\", \"The Adventure of the Blanched Soldier\", \"The Adventure of the",
"title": "The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes"
},
{
"id": "878460",
"text": "Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories first appeared in serial form in the monthly \"Strand\" magazine in the United Kingdom. The series quickly attracted a wide and passionate following on both sides of the Atlantic, and when Doyle killed off Holmes in \"The Final Problem\", the public outcry was so great, and the publishing offers for more stories so attractive, that he was reluctantly forced to resurrect him. In Italy, local authors began to produce crime mysteries in the 1850s. Early translations of English and American stories and local works were published in cheap yellow covers and thus the genre was baptized",
"title": "Crime fiction"
},
{
"id": "2105226",
"text": "was replaced with \"Sherlock Holmes\", Chaplin continued as Billy. The magazines \"Collier's Weekly\" (USA) and \"The Strand\" (UK) pushed Conan Doyle avidly, offering to continue the \"Sherlock Holmes\" series for a generous salary. The new stories were resumed in 1901, first with a prequel (\"The Hound of the Baskervilles\") and then with Holmes actually revived in 1903 (in \"The Empty House\"). The Holmes series continued for another quarter-century, culminating with the bound edition of \"The Casebook of Sherlock Holmes\" in 1927. Gillette was the model for pictures by the artist Frederic Dorr Steele, which were featured in \"Collier's Weekly\" then",
"title": "William Gillette"
},
{
"id": "2368446",
"text": "their jackets. Houghton Mifflin Co. of Boston and New York published the first American edition of \"The Hobbit\" in spring of 1938 following its September, 1937 debut in the United Kingdom from George Allen & Unwin LTD. For this first edition Houghton Mifflin printed the sheets in the United States, a practice they abandoned in later printings of \"The Hobbit\" and all printings of \"The Lord of the Rings\" until the mid-1960s. Some consider the first American edition of \"The Hobbit\" to be the most beautifully designed of any edition. Houghton Mifflin chose to print it in a larger size",
"title": "Early American editions of The Hobbit"
},
{
"id": "59539",
"text": "revisions remains copyrighted). Chronological order of publication (oldest first): Book of Common Prayer The Book of Common Prayer (BCP) is the short title of a number of related prayer books used in the Anglican Communion, as well as by other Christian churches historically related to Anglicanism. The original book, published in 1549 in the reign of Edward VI, was a product of the English Reformation following the break with Rome. The work of 1549 was the first prayer book to include the complete forms of service for daily and Sunday worship in English. It contained Morning Prayer, Evening Prayer, the",
"title": "Book of Common Prayer"
}
] | when was the first sherlock holmes book published |
|
| [
{
"id": "10202144",
"text": "was adopted by referendum in 2017; the new system came into effect with the presidential election in 2018 and gives the President complete control of the executive, including the power to issue decrees, appoint his own cabinet, draw up the budget, dissolve parliament by calling early elections, and pack the bureaucracy and the courts with political appointees. The office of Prime Minister has been abolished and its powers (together with those of the Cabinet) have been transferred to the President, who is the head of state and is elected for a five-year term by direct elections. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is",
"title": "Turkey"
},
{
"id": "415628",
"text": "directly elected in 2014. Executive power rests with the president, the prime minister \"(Başbakan)\", and the Council of Ministers. Most ministers are members of Parliament. (Kemal Derviş's 17 months' tenure in 2001-'02 as Minister of Economic Affairs was one exception.) The prime minister is appointed by the president and approved through a vote of confidence (\"güvenoyu\") in the parliament. The Prime Minister of Turkey (Turkish: \"Başbakan\") is the head of government of Turkey. He is the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament (Meclis) and the leader of the cabinet. The current holder of the position is Binali",
"title": "Politics of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "415626",
"text": "Politics of Turkey The politics of Turkey takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Turkey is the head of government, and the President of Turkey is the head of state who holds a largely ceremonial role with substantial reserve powers. Turkey's political system is based on a separation of powers. Executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers. Legislative power is vested in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Its current constitution was adopted on 7 November 1982 after the",
"title": "Politics of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "1385974",
"text": "duties, and responsibilities for the office of the President. The office of the President of Turkey was established with the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923. The President of Turkey is often referred to as the Cumhurbaşkanı, meaning 'President of the People'. Often since 1950, the presidency has been a mostly ceremonial office. However, in a 2017 referendum, the Turkish people narrowly voted to make the presidency an executive post, effective with the 2018 general election. The current office-holder is Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who has held the office since 28 August 2014. Since 9 July 2018,",
"title": "President of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "2336634",
"text": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (; ; born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician serving as President of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as Prime Minister from 2003 to 2014 and as Mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. He founded the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in 2001, leading it to general election victories in 2002, 2007 and 2011 before standing down upon his election as President in 2014. Coming from an Islamist political background and as a self-described conservative democrat, he has promoted socially conservative and liberal economic policies in his administration. Under his administration,",
"title": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
},
{
"id": "20679760",
"text": "The referendum in 2017 triggered Turkey's transition from a parliamentary to an executive presidential system. As such, the Grand National Assembly will not be entitled to appoint the country's prime minister and cabinet after the 2018 elections. While the office of the Prime Minister of Turkey is set to be abolished altogether, cabinet ministers will primarily serve at the pleasure of the President of Turkey, who is to fill the role of both head of state and head of government. After the elections of June 2015 resulted in the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) losing its majority, the four",
"title": "2018 Turkish parliamentary election"
},
{
"id": "10202112",
"text": "2017 due to \"Turkey’s path toward autocratic rule\". Turkey's economy and diplomatic initiatives led to its recognition as a regional power while its location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history. Turkey is a secular, unitary, formerly parliamentary republic which adopted a presidential system with a referendum in 2017; the new system came into effect with the presidential election in 2018. Turkey's current administration headed by president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of the AKP has enacted measures to increase the influence of Islam, reversed and undermined Kemalist policies, and has reversed earlier reforms such as freedom of the press.",
"title": "Turkey"
},
{
"id": "3160381",
"text": "Prime Minister of Turkey The Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: \"Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı\") was the head of government of the Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018. The prime minister was the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament (Meclis) and the leader of the cabinet. The last holder of the position is Binali Yıldırım of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), who took office on 24 May 2016. In the Ottoman Empire, the prime minister of the Ottoman sultan held the title of Grand Vizier (). After the Tanzimat period in the 19th century,",
"title": "Prime Minister of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "20679738",
"text": "2018 Turkish presidential election The Turkish presidential election of 2018 took place on 24 June 2018 as part of the 2018 general election, alongside parliamentary elections on the same day. Following the approval of constitutional changes in a referendum held in 2017, the elected President will be both the head of state and head of government of Turkey, taking over the latter role from the to-be-abolished office of the Prime Minister. The election was originally scheduled for November 2019. Despite insistence from the government that they would not be brought forward, speculation over an early vote continued since the 2017",
"title": "2018 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "20855698",
"text": "Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan The presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan began when Recep Tayyip Erdoğan took the oath of office on 28 August 2014 and became the 12th president of Turkey. He administered the new Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu's oath on 29 August. When asked about his lower-than-expected 51.79% share of the vote, he allegedly responded, \"there were even those who did not like the Prophet. I, however, won 52%.\" Assuming the role of President, Erdoğan was criticized for openly stating that he would not maintain the tradition of presidential neutrality. Erdoğan has also stated his intention to pursue",
"title": "Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
},
{
"id": "10202145",
"text": "the first president elected by direct voting. Turkey's constitution governs the legal framework of the country. It sets out the main principles of government and establishes Turkey as a unitary centralised state. Executive power is exercised by the President, while the legislative power is vested in the unicameral parliament, called the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The judiciary is nominally independent from the executive and the legislature, but the constitutional changes that came into effect with the referendums in 2007, 2010 and 2017 gave larger powers to the President and the ruling party for appointing or dismissing judges and prosecutors.",
"title": "Turkey"
},
{
"id": "1385973",
"text": "President of Turkey The President of the Republic of Turkey () is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Turkey. Following the 2018 general election, the incumbent office-holder assumed the role of an Executive President and holds both ceremonial and executive status. In this capacity, the President represents the Republic of Turkey, and the unity of the Turkish nation, as well as ensuring the implementation of the Constitution of Turkey and the organized and harmonious functioning of the organs of state. The articles from 101 to 106 of the Constitution establish all the requirements, election,",
"title": "President of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "3160382",
"text": "the grand viziers came to assume a role more like that of the prime ministers of contemporary Western European monarchies. Later, with the Ottoman constitution of 1876, a parliament was established to oversee the prime minister, and the prime minister formed a cabinet. With the amendments to the constitution during the Second Constitutional Era, the prime minister was made answerable to the parliament rather than the sultan. Finally, with the declaration of the republic in 1923, the appointer of the prime minister became the president, instead of the sultan. Prime Minister of Turkey The Prime Minister of the Republic of",
"title": "Prime Minister of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "20788080",
"text": "Development Party (AKP) lost its absolute majority in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for the first time since June 2015, forcing it to rely on its ally, the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) of Devlet Bahçeli, to pass legislation. The office of the Prime Minister of Turkey is expected to be abolished on 12 July 2018, and its last holder, Binali Yıldırım, is reportedly being considered as the government's candidate for Speaker of the Grand National Assembly. The President of Turkey, who serves as the country's head of state and government, is directly elected through the two-round system, under which",
"title": "2023 Turkish general election"
},
{
"id": "16167713",
"text": "2014 Turkish presidential election Presidential elections were held on 10 August 2014 in order to elect the 12th President of Turkey. Incumbent Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was elected outright with an absolute majority of the vote in the first round, making a scheduled run-off for 24 August unnecessary. The election took place under reforms resulting from the 2007 constitutional referendum, which introduced a direct national vote, rather than election by members of the parliament. Over 55 million people were eligible to vote, both within Turkey and abroad. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, leader of the AKP, first elected Prime Minister in",
"title": "2014 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "10823898",
"text": "Cabinet of Turkey The Cabinet of Turkey () or Council of Ministers () is the body that exercises supreme executive authority in Turkey. It is composed of the heads of the major ministries. From 1923 to 2018, Ministers were ceremonially appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. From 2018, Turkey adopts an Executive Presidency meaning that the President has the full responsibility to appoint and relinquish Ministers from their duties. The cabinet is the executive power and is responsible for the management of the state. The current cabinet is the 66th cabinet of Turkey and is",
"title": "Cabinet of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "10823899",
"text": "led by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Cabinet of Turkey The Cabinet of Turkey () or Council of Ministers () is the body that exercises supreme executive authority in Turkey. It is composed of the heads of the major ministries. From 1923 to 2018, Ministers were ceremonially appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. From 2018, Turkey adopts an Executive Presidency meaning that the President has the full responsibility to appoint and relinquish Ministers from their duties. The cabinet is the executive power and is responsible for the management of the state. The current cabinet is the",
"title": "Cabinet of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "20679758",
"text": "!rowspan=6 style=\"background:#fdc400; width:2px;\"| 2018 Turkish presidential election The Turkish presidential election of 2018 took place on 24 June 2018 as part of the 2018 general election, alongside parliamentary elections on the same day. Following the approval of constitutional changes in a referendum held in 2017, the elected President will be both the head of state and head of government of Turkey, taking over the latter role from the to-be-abolished office of the Prime Minister. The election was originally scheduled for November 2019. Despite insistence from the government that they would not be brought forward, speculation over an early vote continued",
"title": "2018 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "9801122",
"text": "Binali Yıldırım Binali Yıldırım (; born 20 December 1955) is a Turkish politician who is the 28th and current Speaker of the Grand National Assembly. He previously served as the 27th and last Prime Minister of Turkey from 2016 to 2018 and Leader of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) from 2016 to 2017. His office was abolished as a result of the Turkish government system changes from parliamentary to executive presidency approved in the 2017 constitutional referendum. Yıldırım served as the chairman of the board of Directors of İstanbul Fast Ferries Company (İDO) from 1994 to 2000 before being",
"title": "Binali Yıldırım"
},
{
"id": "16167714",
"text": "2002, won with 51.79% of the vote. Former Organisation of Islamic Cooperation General Secretary Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, who ran as the joint candidate of 13 opposition parties including the Republican People's Party (CHP) and Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), came second with 38.44%. The co-leader of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) Selahattin Demirtaş, who received the backing of 8 left-wing parties, came third with 9.76%. Erdoğan took over as President from Abdullah Gül on 28 August, while Ahmet Davutoğlu, who was elected leader of the AKP, succeeded Erdoğan as Prime Minister on the same date. It has been speculated that Erdoğan will",
"title": "2014 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "10106018",
"text": "History of Turkish presidential elections There have been 17 elections for the President of Turkey since the establishment of the republic in 1923, electing 9 distinct Turkish citizens as president. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and İsmet İnönü were elected four times, Celal Bayar was elected three times, and Cemal Gürsel, Cevdet Sunay, Fahri Korutürk, Turgut Özal, Süleyman Demirel, and Ahmet Necdet Sezer were each elected once. Kenan Evren became the president without an election, so that he assumed the title by the ratification of the present constitution on 7 November 1982 (Constitution of Turkey provisional article 1). The 2014 presidential elections",
"title": "History of Turkish presidential elections"
},
{
"id": "415627",
"text": "Turkish constitutional referendum. A major reform was passed in Parliament in 21 January 2017 and approved by referendum the following April reinforcing the role of the president. The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Turkey as \"hybrid regime\" in 2017. The function of head of state is performed by the president \"(Cumhurbaşkanı)\". A president is elected every four years on the principle of universal suffrage according to the current constitution. The president does not have to be a member of parliament, but he/she must be over 40 years old and hold a bachelor's degree. The current president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was",
"title": "Politics of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "20855731",
"text": "to look for new friends and allies. The U.S.–Turkey tensions appear to be the most serious diplomatic crisis between the NATO allies in years. Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan The presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan began when Recep Tayyip Erdoğan took the oath of office on 28 August 2014 and became the 12th president of Turkey. He administered the new Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu's oath on 29 August. When asked about his lower-than-expected 51.79% share of the vote, he allegedly responded, \"there were even those who did not like the Prophet. I, however, won 52%.\" Assuming the role of President,",
"title": "Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
},
{
"id": "2418966",
"text": "contract, positive exceptions for female citizens, the ability of civilian courts to convict members of the military, the right of civil servants to go on strike, a privacy law, and the structure of the Constitutional Court. The referendum was agreed by a majority of 58%. In the presidential election of 2014, the AKP's long time leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was elected President. In the party's first extraordinary congress, former foreign minister Ahmet Davutoğlu was unanimously elected unopposed as party leader and took over as Prime Minister on 28 August 2014. Davutoğlu stepped down as Prime Minister on 4 May 2016",
"title": "Justice and Development Party (Turkey)"
},
{
"id": "20855716",
"text": "a presidential system. The post of Prime Minister would be abolished, and the presidency would become an executive post vested with broad executive powers. Parliament would be increased from 550 seats to 600 seats. The referendum also called for changes to the Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors. The Turkish currency and debt crisis of 2018 was caused by the Turkish economy's excessive current account deficit and foreign-currency debt, in combination with Erdoğan's increasing authoritarianism and his unorthodox ideas about interest rate policy. Economist Paul Krugman described the unfolding crisis as \"a classic currency-and-debt crisis, of a kind we've seen",
"title": "Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
},
{
"id": "16592832",
"text": "power to the president, speculation has arisen over the question of whether it is Medvedev or Prime Minister Vladimir Putin who actually wields the most power. According to \"The Daily Telegraph\", \"Kremlin-watchers\" note that Medvedev uses the more formal form of 'you' (Вы, 'vy') when addressing Putin, while Putin addresses Medvedev with the more informal 'ty' (ты). According to a poll conducted in September 2009 by the Levada Center in which 1,600 Russians from across Russia took part, 13% believed Medvedev held the most power, 32% Putin, and 48% both (7% failed to answer). However Medvedev has affirmed his position",
"title": "Presidency of Dmitry Medvedev"
},
{
"id": "2336698",
"text": "was very similar to the logo that U.S. President Barack Obama used in the 2008 presidential election. Erdoğan was elected as the President of Turkey in the first round of the election with 51.79% of the vote, obviating the need for a run-off by winning over 50%. The joint candidate of the CHP, MHP and 13 other opposition parties, former Organisation of Islamic Co-operation general secretary Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu won 38.44% of the vote. The pro-Kurdish HDP candidate Selahattin Demirtaş won 9.76%. Erdoğan's government developed the SEÇSİS secure vote counting system ostensibly in order to reduce fraud. However, it has been",
"title": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
},
{
"id": "2336756",
"text": "the statue a \"freak\", and months later it was demolished. Aksoy sued Erdoğan for \"moral indemnities\", although his lawyer said that his statement was a critique rather than an insult. In March 2015, a judge ordered Erdoğan to pay Aksoy 10,000 lira. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (; ; born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician serving as President of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as Prime Minister from 2003 to 2014 and as Mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. He founded the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in 2001, leading it to general election victories",
"title": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
},
{
"id": "18240035",
"text": "the election of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as the 12th President of Turkey on August 10. Erdoğan, who headed the 61st government of Turkey, assumed office as President on the 28th, severing all relations with the AKP. The AKP had elected Davutoğlu as leader during an extraordinary congress on 27 August. The 62nd government of Turkey was sworn in by President Erdoğan on the 29th and was due to serve until the general election of June 2015. The failure to form a government after the election, which had resulted in a hung parliament, resulted in the government continuing its",
"title": "First Davutoğlu Cabinet"
},
{
"id": "20679762",
"text": "a referendum, which would have required two-thirds or three-fifths majorities, respectively. As such, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was left nominally unable to trigger a switch from a parliamentary to a presidential system, as his AKP had campaigned for ahead of the elections. Additionally, he faced opposition on the matter from Prime Minister Davutoğlu, who allegedly held reservations over a change in form of government. In May 2016, Davutoğlu resigned from both the AKP leadership and the premiership, citing disagreements with Erdoğan as part of the reason. He was replaced in both capacities by Binali Yıldırım. On 15 July 2016, sections",
"title": "2018 Turkish parliamentary election"
},
{
"id": "9801182",
"text": "well as by the World Maritime University, Malmö and the Technical University of Berlin. Binali Yıldırım Binali Yıldırım (; born 20 December 1955) is a Turkish politician who is the 28th and current Speaker of the Grand National Assembly. He previously served as the 27th and last Prime Minister of Turkey from 2016 to 2018 and Leader of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) from 2016 to 2017. His office was abolished as a result of the Turkish government system changes from parliamentary to executive presidency approved in the 2017 constitutional referendum. Yıldırım served as the chairman of the board",
"title": "Binali Yıldırım"
},
{
"id": "20679741",
"text": "under which a candidate must obtain at least 50%+1 of the popular vote in order to be elected. If no candidate secures an overall majority outright, then a runoff is held between the two most voted-for candidates from the first round, the winner of which is then declared elected. The first direct election to the Turkish presidency was held in 2014, after a referendum in 2007 abolished the previous system under which the head of state was elected by the legislature, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The President of Turkey is subject to term limits, and may serve at",
"title": "2018 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "2336702",
"text": "to the public, President Erdogan is caught calling his party members to resort to electoral fraud, by \"marking\" the votes of an opposition party, HDP, in a bid to consolidate a better position for his own party at the 2018 June elections in Turkey. Erdoğan took the oath of office on 28 August 2014 and became the 12th president of Turkey. He administered the new Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu's oath on 29 August. When asked about his lower-than-expected 51.79% share of the vote, he allegedly responded, \"there were even those who did not like the Prophet. I, however, won 52%.\"",
"title": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
},
{
"id": "18357605",
"text": "2018 Turkish general election General elections were held throughout Turkey on 24 June 2018. Originally due on 3 November 2019, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced on 18 April 2018 that the vote was being brought forward. Presidential elections were held to elect the President of Turkey using a two-round system. Parliamentary elections took place to elect 600 Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) and Erdoğan had long supported a policy of turning Turkey into an executive presidency, replacing the existing parliamentary system of government. With the support of the",
"title": "2018 Turkish general election"
},
{
"id": "6606550",
"text": "Prime Minister on 22 May 2016. Following the election of serving Prime Minister and AKP leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as the 12th President of Turkey, Davutoğlu was announced by the AKP Central Executive Committee as a candidate for the party leadership. He was unanimously elected as leader during the first AKP extraordinary congress and consequently succeeded Erdoğan as prime minister, forming the 62nd Government of the Turkish Republic. His cabinet was dominated by Erdoğan's close allies such as Yalçın Akdoğan; this led to speculation that he would take a docile approach as prime minister while Erdoğan continued to pursue his",
"title": "Ahmet Davutoğlu"
},
{
"id": "10106020",
"text": "until the election of a new president. History of Turkish presidential elections There have been 17 elections for the President of Turkey since the establishment of the republic in 1923, electing 9 distinct Turkish citizens as president. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and İsmet İnönü were elected four times, Celal Bayar was elected three times, and Cemal Gürsel, Cevdet Sunay, Fahri Korutürk, Turgut Özal, Süleyman Demirel, and Ahmet Necdet Sezer were each elected once. Kenan Evren became the president without an election, so that he assumed the title by the ratification of the present constitution on 7 November 1982 (Constitution of Turkey",
"title": "History of Turkish presidential elections"
},
{
"id": "415629",
"text": "Yıldırım of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), who took office on 24 May 2016 and replaced the former prime minister Ahmet Davutoğlu (also from Justice and Development Party - AKP). Legislative power is invested in the 550-seat Grand National Assembly of Turkey (\"Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi\"), representing 81 provinces. The members are elected for a four-year term by mitigated proportional representation with an election threshold of 10%. To be represented in Parliament, a party must win at least 10% of the national vote in a national parliamentary election. Independent candidates may run, and to be elected, they must only",
"title": "Politics of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "6606612",
"text": "was elected as the 12th President of Turkey. He initially served as acting prime minister between 28 and 29 August 2014. He led the 62nd government of Turkey. His initial nomination to lead the AKP on 21 August was welcomed by Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, who claimed that Davutoğlu was a very easy person to maintain dialogue with. Davutoğlu has often been referred to as 'Erdoğan's Yıldırım Akbulut' due to the similar circumstances of his ascension to the Prime Minister's Office with that of Yıldırım Akbulut in 1989. Akbulut became prime minister after his predecessor, Turgut Özal was",
"title": "Ahmet Davutoğlu"
},
{
"id": "2336639",
"text": "crackdown on press and social media, having blocked access to Wikipedia, Twitter, Facebook and YouTube on numerous occasions. Erdoğan's government lifted the bans when directed by court orders, but later reimposed them. In 2016, Turkey under Erdoğan began a crackdown on freedom of the press; in 2016 and 2017, more journalists have been incarcerated in Turkey than in any other country. He was re-elected in the 2018 general election and assumed the role of Executive President and became both the head of state and head of government. Erdoğan was born in the Kasımpaşa neighborhood in Istanbul, to which his family",
"title": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
},
{
"id": "2336654",
"text": "a year after winning 46.7% of the vote in national elections, although judges did cut the party's public funding by 50%. In the June 2011 elections, Erdoğan's governing party won 327 seats (49.83% of the popular vote) making Erdoğan the only prime minister in Turkey's history to win three consecutive general elections, each time receiving more votes than the previous election. The second party, the Republican People's Party (CHP), received 135 seats (25.94%), the nationalist MHP received 53 seats (13.01%), and the Independents received 35 seats (6.58%). In 2009, Prime Minister Erdoğan's government announced a plan to help end the",
"title": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
},
{
"id": "16167769",
"text": "election campaign and thus helping Erdoğan win, Kılıçdaroğlu eventually announced that there would be an extraordinary party convention with a leadership election held in September. 2014 Turkish presidential election Presidential elections were held on 10 August 2014 in order to elect the 12th President of Turkey. Incumbent Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was elected outright with an absolute majority of the vote in the first round, making a scheduled run-off for 24 August unnecessary. The election took place under reforms resulting from the 2007 constitutional referendum, which introduced a direct national vote, rather than election by members of the parliament.",
"title": "2014 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "20788079",
"text": "2023 Turkish general election General elections are scheduled to be held in Turkey in 2023. Voters will elect a new president, as well as 600 members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, each for a term of five years. The previous Turkish general election took place on 24 June 2018. The election marked the country's transition from a parliamentary system to a presidential one, as narrowly endorsed by voters in the controversial 2017 constitutional referendum. That election resulted in a victory for incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who had held the position since 2014. Meanwhile, the ruling Justice and",
"title": "2023 Turkish general election"
},
{
"id": "18987790",
"text": "interim election government formally dissolved on 24 November 2015 and was succeeded by AKP leader Ahmet Davutoğlu's third government. The June 2015 general election resulted in a hung parliament, with the Justice and Development Party (AKP) falling 18 seats short of a majority. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan invited AKP leader Ahmet Davutoğlu to form a government, by virtue of leading the largest party in the Grand National Assembly. After a series of unsuccessful coalition negotiations with the main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), Davutoğlu returned the mandate to the President five days before the",
"title": "2015 interim election government of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "14907395",
"text": "a person can run for Parliament for three consecutive terms at most. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan, parliamentary Speaker Mehmet Ali Şahin, deputy prime ministers Bülent Arınç, Cemil Çiçek, Ali Babacan, ministers Beşir Atalay, Faruk Çelik, Mehmet Mehdi Eker, Sadullah Ergin, Egemen Bağış, Nimet Çubukçu, Hayati Yazıcı, Vecdi Gönül, Taner Yıldız, Nihat Ergün, Binali Yıldırım and Recep Akdağ are among those who will not be eligible for nomination in the next general election. The second largest party in parliament, the Republican People's Party, won 25.9% of the vote. MHP won 13% of the vote, more than the 10% threshold required",
"title": "2011 Turkish general election"
},
{
"id": "2418967",
"text": "following policy disagreements with President Erdoğan. Presidential aide Cemil Ertem said to Turkish TV that the country and its economy would stabilize further \"when a prime minister more closely aligned with President Erdoğan takes office\". In the general election held on 7 June, the AKP gained 40.87% of the vote and 258 seats in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, TBMM). Though it still remains the biggest party in Turkey, the AKP lost its status as the majority party and the power to form a single-party government. Until then it had held this majority without",
"title": "Justice and Development Party (Turkey)"
},
{
"id": "17500646",
"text": "placement. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was elected President in August 2014, after which serving Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu was elected as AKP leader soon after. In the new government led by Davutoğlu, Akdoğan was appointed as Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey, serving alongside Bülent Arınç, Ali Babacan and Numan Kurtulmuş. Akdoğan's close relations to Erdoğan fuelled speculation that Davutoğlu would take a submissive approach while Erdoğan continued to pursue his political agenda despite the Presidency being a largely ceremonial office. In the new cabinet, Akdoğan mainly focussed on the Solution process with Kurdish separatist militants. Yalçın Akdoğan Yalçın Akdoğan",
"title": "Yalçın Akdoğan"
},
{
"id": "1870831",
"text": "to the President of the Republic of Turkey to be represented as the commander-in-chief of the nation. The British monarch is the \"Head of the Armed Forces\" and has also been described as \"commander in chief of the armed forces of the Crown\". Long-standing constitutional convention, however, has vested \"de facto\" executive authority, by the exercise of Royal Prerogative powers, in the Prime Minister and the Secretary of State for Defence. The Prime Minister (acting with the support of the Cabinet) makes the key decisions on the \"use\" of the armed forces. The Queen, however, remains the \"ultimate authority\" of",
"title": "Commander-in-chief"
},
{
"id": "18541634",
"text": "years to four. As a result, general elections are now held every four years rather than five. Furthermore, the constitutional changes adopted in the referendum made the President elected by direct ballot rather than indirectly within parliament as had previously been the case. Before 2014, presidential elections were held every seven years by MPs, but are now held directly every five years. The incumbent may seek re-election once for a maximum of two terms, whereas the term limit for previous presidents elected indirectly were capped at one term. With 2017 referendum, Turkey adopted semi-presidential republic system. Parliamentary terms reverted into",
"title": "Electoral cycle of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "20855712",
"text": "legislative branch to investigate his executive branch of government. Without the checks and balances of freedom of speech, and the freedom of the Turkish legislature to hold him accountable for his actions, many have likened Turkey's current form of government to a dictatorship with only nominal forms of democracy in practice. At the time of Erdoğan's successful passing of the most recent legislation silencing his opposition, United States President Donald Trump called Erdoğan to congratulate him for his \"recent referendum victory.\" On 29 April 2017 Erdoğan's administration began an internal Internet block of all of the Wikipedia online encyclopedia site",
"title": "Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
},
{
"id": "14907393",
"text": "on June 12, 2011. The official election results will be announced when all votes are counted. The ruling party of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan won a third term in parliamentary elections. Erdoğan is the only prime minister in Turkish history to win three consecutive general elections and each time receive more votes than in the previous election. Four party groups will take their place in Turkey's new Parliament as electoral officials had counted all the votes. The ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) will form a majority government after winning just a shade under 50 percent of the popular",
"title": "2011 Turkish general election"
},
{
"id": "6606642",
"text": "Davutoğlu's departure, as well as general political instability in Turkey, would negatively effect the country's credit rating. International media commentators overwhelmingly viewed Davutoğlu's resignation as a sign of Erdoğan's intolerance of any dissent towards his aims of turning Turkey into an executive presidency and his desire to exercise greater control over the government despite his current ceremonial position as a non-executive President. Both Domestic and international journalists agreed that the candidate set to succeed Davutoğlu, with key potential candidates including Erdoğan son-in-law Berat Albayrak and close supporters Binali Yıldırım, Mustafa Şentop, Mehmet Müezzinoğlu, Efkan Ala and Bekir Bozdağ, would be",
"title": "Ahmet Davutoğlu"
},
{
"id": "1385979",
"text": "empowered to enact on his own, must be signed by the prime minister and the minister concerned, in accordance with the provisions of the constitution and other laws. Thus the prime minister and the concerned ministers are accountable for these decrees. The decisions and orders signed by the president on his own initiatives may not be appealed against to any judicial authority, including the Constitutional Court. The president may be impeached for high treason on the proposal of at least one-third of the total number of the members of the parliament, and by the decision of at least three-fourths of",
"title": "President of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "19813500",
"text": "2017 Turkish constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum was held throughout Turkey on 16 April 2017 on whether to approve 18 proposed amendments to the Turkish constitution that were brought forward by the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). If approved, the office of the Prime Minister would be abolished and the existing parliamentary system of government would be replaced with an executive presidency and a presidential system. The number of seats in Parliament was proposed to be raised from 550 to 600 while the president was proposed to be given more control over appointments",
"title": "2017 Turkish constitutional referendum"
},
{
"id": "16167764",
"text": "before the presidential handover, the AKP held its first extraordinary congress in order to elect a leader to succeed Erdoğan. Previously on 21 August, a 3-hour AKP Central Executive Committee meeting chaired by Erdoğan formally nominated former foreign minister Ahmet Davutoğlu for the party leadership. No other candidate expressed any intention of running, and Davutoğlu was unanimously elected as leader unopposed with 100% of the vote. As he was elected as the leader of a party which commanded a parliamentary majority, Davutoğlu was invited by President Erdoğan to form a government on 28 August. As a consequence, the 62nd government",
"title": "2014 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "16167765",
"text": "of the Turkish Republic was sworn in by Erdoğan on 29 August, with Davutoğlu leading it as Prime Minister. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan made a victory speech on the balcony of the AKP office in Ankara after his victory was confirmed. In his speech, he thanked his supporters for their help during his campaign and stated that the only losers of the election was \"dirty politics\" and stressed the need to leave hatred and rivalries in the \"old Turkey.\" He further stated that he would be the President of all 77 million citizens of Turkey, and that he would not discriminate",
"title": "2014 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "17494686",
"text": "47th government of Turkey The 47th government of Turkey (9 November 1989 – 23 June 1991) governed Turkey and was led by Yıldırım Akbulut of Motherland Party (ANAP). On 31 October 1989, Turgut Özal, the previous prime minister, was elected as the president of Turkey. According to the constitution, he left the office of prime minister. After a short period during which Ali Bozer was the acting president, Turgut Özal appointed Yıldırım Akbulut to be the new prime minister. In the list below, the serving period of cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown",
"title": "47th government of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "17458800",
"text": "deputy (later acting) prime minister. There were 14 state ministers, and one was changed during the lifespan of the cabinet. In the list below, the serving period of cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column \"Notes\". On 16 May 1993, Süleyman Demirel was elected as the president of Turkey. According to the constitution, he left both the office and his post in the party. On 13 June 1993, DYP elected Tansu Çiller as its new leader, and thus, on 25 June, Tansu Çiller was appointed as the first female prime minister",
"title": "49th government of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "10106019",
"text": "in August 2014 was the first direct election of a President (which was before elected by MPs in the Turkish parliament), a result of a 2007 referendum created and backed by the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). In the event of a temporary absence of the president on account of illness, travel abroad or similar circumstances, the speaker of the parliament serves as acting president, and exercises the powers of the president until the president resumes his functions, and in the event that the presidency falls vacant as a result of death or resignation or for any other reason,",
"title": "History of Turkish presidential elections"
},
{
"id": "4023605",
"text": "Celâl Bayar Mahmut Celâl Bayar (16 May 1883 – 22 August 1986) was a Turkish politician, who was the third President of Turkey from 1950 to 1960; previously he was Prime Minister of Turkey from 1937 to 1939. Bayar, as the Turkish President, was decorated with the Legion of Merit by the President of the United States, as a result of Turkey's participation in the Korean War. He is considered to be the longest-lived former head of state and was the longest-lived state leader until 8 December 2008 (when he was surpassed by Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum). Celal Bayar died",
"title": "Celâl Bayar"
},
{
"id": "2336720",
"text": "Turkey (and Turkish citizens abroad) voted on a set of 18 proposed amendments to the Constitution of Turkey. The amendments include the replacement of the existing parliamentary system with a presidential system. The post of Prime Minister would be abolished, and the presidency would become an executive post vested with broad executive powers. Parliament would be increased from 550 seats to 600 seats. The referendum also called for changes to the Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors. The Turkish currency and debt crisis of 2018 was caused by the Turkish economy's excessive current account deficit and foreign-currency debt, in combination",
"title": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
},
{
"id": "19617845",
"text": "the incumbent President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was re-elected with 52.59% of the vote. With his re-election, he assumed widely expanded executive powers that were approved by voters in a highly controversial constitutional referendum in 2017. His AK Party lost its majority in the Grand National Assembly but retains its majority with support from the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), together with which the AKP forms an electoral alliance named the People's Alliance. The 2019 local elections will be the last scheduled elections to be held in Turkey until 23 June 2023. Following the election of the 27th Parliament of Turkey on",
"title": "2019 Turkish local elections"
},
{
"id": "12968407",
"text": "2017, a final rally was held in Istanbul with hundreds of thousands of people. In April 2018, the President of Turkey Erdogan preponed two elections - the parliamentary election and the presidential election. Soon after that, CHP leader Kilicdaroglu and IYI leader Meral Akşener met and have closed rank. Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu married Selvi Gündüz (unofficially Sevim) in 1974. The couple has a son, Kerem, two daughters, Aslı and Zeynep, and a granddaughter from Aslı's marriage. Some journals denoted his Alevi identity, however Kılıçdaroğlu did not make a statement about his religious belief for a long time. In July 2011, he",
"title": "Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu"
},
{
"id": "15339010",
"text": "them through a referendum: 2007, 2010, one of them partly through referendum: 1987. Overall, 113 of the 177 articles of the Constitution of 1982 were amended. Another referendum concerning a new draft constitution that would increase the power of the President and abolish the office of the Prime Minister was held on April 16, 2017. The first constitution of the Ottoman Empire was adopted in 1876 and revised in 1908. Since its founding, the modern Turkish state has been governed under four documents: The current constitution was ratified by popular referendum during the military junta of 1980-1983. Since its ratification",
"title": "Constitution of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "9801162",
"text": "to 'legally enforce the de facto situation' by establishing an executive presidency and writing a new constitution, implying that Erdoğan, despite being required by the constitution to be politically neutral, already was effectively the de facto executive president of Turkey. following Davutoğlu's resignation, AKP Member of Parliament Aydın Ünal stated that the next Prime Minister would focus on technical implementation only with Erdoğan dictating government policy. Unveiling his cabinet ministers, Yıldırım's government was noted for consisting entirely of Erdoğan-loyalist ministers and immediately earned the nickname 'Presidential Cabinet' from political analysts in Ankara. It was reported that Yıldırım had prepared the",
"title": "Binali Yıldırım"
},
{
"id": "16167763",
"text": "that in the maps, Greenland is considered part of Denmark, despite the fact that no voting took place in Greenland. A summary of the numbers of countries won by each candidate is shown below. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, by virtue of winning more than half of the vote, was formally inaugurated as the 12th President of Turkey and took over from Abdullah Gül in a handover ceremony on 28 August 2014. The ceremony was boycotted by the opposition CHP. Despite winning more than 50%, the results represented a fall of 400,000 voters for Erdoğan since the 2011 general election. A day",
"title": "2014 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "4511874",
"text": "party that won the most votes. Independent candidates who receive more than 10% of the votes cast in a province are also seated and in the 2007 and 2011 elections members of the Democratic Society/Peace and Democracy Party evaded the threshold by running as independents and winning about 5% of the seats. The president was elected for a seven-year term by the parliament prior to the 2007 constitutional changes, and will be elected for at most two consecutive five-year terms in the future. Turkey has a multi-party system, with two or three strong parties and often a fourth party that",
"title": "Elections in Turkey"
},
{
"id": "1429295",
"text": "election and formed a coalition with the Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP), assuming his fifth and final term as Prime Minister. Following the sudden death of serving President Turgut Özal, Demirel contested the 1993 presidential election and subsequently became the ninth President of Turkey until 2000. With 10 years and 5 months, Demirel's tenure in the prime ministership is the third longest in Turkish history, after İsmet İnönü and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Demirel was born November 1, 1924, in Isparta, Atabey, a town in Isparta Province. Upon completion of his elementary school education in his hometown, he attended middle school",
"title": "Süleyman Demirel"
},
{
"id": "19148017",
"text": "Third Davutoğlu Cabinet The Third Davutoğlu Cabinet is the 64th government of the Republic of Turkey. The government came into effect after the Justice and Development Party (AKP), led by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu, won a parliamentary majority of 84 in the November 2015 general election with 317 seats in the Grand National Assembly and 49.5% of the vote. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan formally invited Ahmet Davutoğlu to form a government on 17 November 2015. Amid delays in the formal inauguration that were attributed to disagreements between Erdoğan and Davutoğlu on the government's composition, the government was finalised and accepted",
"title": "Third Davutoğlu Cabinet"
},
{
"id": "20788081",
"text": "a candidate must obtain an absolute majority of votes in order to be elected. If no candidate secures an overall majority outright, a runoff is held between the two most voted-for candidates from the first round, the winner of which is then declared elected. This electoral system was first introduced for the 2014 presidential elections, when it replaced a system of indirect elections under which the president was elected by parliament. The president is subject to term limits, and may serve at most two consecutive five-year terms. However, it has been speculated that incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan could be",
"title": "2023 Turkish general election"
},
{
"id": "191775",
"text": "İsmet İnönü Mustafa İsmet İnönü (; 24 September 1884 – 25 December 1973) was a Turkish general and statesman, who served as the second President of Turkey from 10 November 1938 to 27 May 1950, when his Republican People's Party was defeated in Turkey's second free elections. He also served as the first Chief of the General Staff from 1922 to 1924, and as the first Prime Minister after the declaration of the Republic, serving three terms: from 1923 to 1924, 1925 to 1937, and 1961 to 1965. As President, he was granted the official title of \"Millî Şef\" (National",
"title": "İsmet İnönü"
},
{
"id": "16265888",
"text": "Turkish model The “Turkish model” refers to the focus on Republic of Turkey as \"an example of a modern, moderate Muslim state that works.\" Turkey has been seen as combining a secular state and constitution, with a government run by a political party or political parties (Justice and Development Party, AKP) with \"roots in political Islam\". The AKP, led by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, has ruled Turkey with a large majority in parliament since 2002. During this time Turkey has had good relations with the West, but also cordial ties with the Islamic Republic of Iran and a more pro-Palestinian policy.",
"title": "Turkish model"
},
{
"id": "17454181",
"text": "6 June 2015. Voting subsequently took place between 07:00 and 17:00 local time on Sunday 7 June 2015. Prime Minister Erdoğan, who was re-elected for a third time in the 2011 general election, was barred from standing as an MP for a fourth term by the AKP's by-laws. Erdoğan became his party's presidential candidate for the 2014 presidential election and won narrowly in the first round with 51.79% of the vote. His ascension to the presidency required him to sever all ties with political parties and step down from parliament, requiring the AKP to elect a new leader. Foreign Minister",
"title": "June 2015 Turkish general election"
},
{
"id": "20797138",
"text": "2017 constitutional referendum, voters narrowly approved constitutional changes that dissolved the existing parliamentary system in place of an executive presidency amid allegations of electoral fraud. The new system of government would see the President of Turkey becoming the head of both the state and the government, abolishing the former head of government post of Prime Minister of Turkey. The new system instigated the creation of the office of Vice President of Turkey, who would be appointed and serve at the pleasure of the president. Early general elections took place on 24 June 2018 to elect the president and 600 members",
"title": "Fuat Oktay"
},
{
"id": "1385978",
"text": "loyal to the supremacy of law, to the democratic and secular republic, and to Atatürk’s principles and reforms; not to deviate from the ideal according to which everyone is entitled to enjoy human rights and fundamental freedoms under the notion of peace and prosperity in society, national solidarity and justice, and loyalty to the Constitution. The oath is broadcast live on TBMM-TV regardless of it is a regular business day of TBMM. The president performs also the duties of selection and appointment, and other duties conferred by the constitution and laws. All presidential decrees, except those which the president is",
"title": "President of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "20679739",
"text": "referendum. After calls from Nationalist Movement Party leader Devlet Bahçeli for a snap election, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced on 18 April 2018 that it would take place on 24 June. Incumbent president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan declared his candidacy for the People's Alliance (Turkish: \"Cumhur İttifakı\") on 27 April 2018. Turkey's main opposition, the Republican People's Party, nominated Muharrem İnce, a member of the parliament known for his combative opposition and spirited speeches against Erdoğan. The Peoples' Democratic Party nominated the imprisoned ex-chairman Selahattin Demirtaş. Besides these candidates, Meral Akşener, the founder and leader of İyi Party, Temel Karamollaoğlu, the",
"title": "2018 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "20855719",
"text": "strikes against IS, Erdoğan demanded that Bashar al-Assad be removed from power first. Turkey lost its bid for a Security Council seat in the United Nations during the 2014 election; the unexpected result is believed to have been a reaction to Erdoğan's hostile treatment of ethnic Kurds fighting ISIS on the Syrian border and a rebuke of his willingness to support IS-aligned insurgents opposed to Syrian president Bashar al-Assad. As President, Erdoğan has been a strong advocate of an executive presidency that would boost his own powers and has maintained an active influence over political affairs despite the symbolic nature",
"title": "Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan"
},
{
"id": "6606549",
"text": "Ahmet Davutoğlu Ahmet Davutoğlu (; born 26 February 1959) is a Turkish academic, politician and former diplomat who was the Prime Minister of Turkey and leader of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) from August 2014 to May 2016. He previously served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2014 and as chief advisor to Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan from 2003 to 2009. He was elected as an AKP Member of Parliament for Konya in the 2011 general election and was re-elected as an MP in both the June and November 2015 general elections. He resigned as",
"title": "Ahmet Davutoğlu"
},
{
"id": "6652962",
"text": "the AKP government's constitutional reforms proposed during the 2007 and 2010 constitutional referenda. Turkish President and former AKP Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was elected Mayor of İstanbul in the 1994 local elections as the Islamist Welfare Party candidate with 25.1% of the vote, winning due to a vote split between the mainstream centrist parties. Conservative parties traditionally find support in older districts with high population densities such as Bağcılar, Fatih, Sultanbeyli and Esenler. The opposition Kemalist center-left Republican People's Party (CHP), currently the second major political force in both İstanbul and the country, gets most of its support from",
"title": "Istanbul"
},
{
"id": "16167715",
"text": "continue to pursue his political agenda as president while Davutoğlu takes a docile approach as Prime Minister, breaking away from the ceremonial and neutral functions of the Presidency and potentially pursuing constitutional changes to turn Turkey into a presidential or semi-presidential system. The election was criticised by both the political opposition and international observers for alleged media bias in favour of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, corruption allegations, the inaccuracy of opinion polls and the misuse of official public resources during Erdoğan's campaign. While praising the authorities for safeguarding the right to assembly as well as the peaceful electoral conduct, the Organization",
"title": "2014 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "19148019",
"text": "to deal with the European migrant crisis. The resignation of the cabinet was initially announced on 5 May 2016 by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu, who announced that he was stepping down as AKP leader and Prime Minister following a breakdown in relations with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The resignation of the cabinet was formally submitted on 22 May 2016 after Binali Yıldırım was elected as Davutoğlu's successor in the 2nd AKP Extraordinary Congress and stayed in office until Yıldırım formed the 65th government of Turkey on 24 May 2016. Third Davutoğlu Cabinet The Third Davutoğlu Cabinet is the 64th government",
"title": "Third Davutoğlu Cabinet"
},
{
"id": "10202135",
"text": "Muslims transferred from Greece to Turkey. Mustafa Kemal became the republic's first President and subsequently introduced Atatürk's Reforms. The reforms aimed to transform the old religion-based and multi-communal Ottoman constitutional monarchy into an essentially Turkish nation state that would be governed as a parliamentary republic) under a secular constitution. With the Surname Law of 1934, the Turkish Parliament bestowed upon Mustafa Kemal the honorific surname \"Atatürk\" (\"Father Turk\"). İsmet İnönü became Turkey's second President following Atatürk's death on 10 November 1938. In 1939 Turkey annexed the Republic of Hatay. Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II, but entered",
"title": "Turkey"
},
{
"id": "10202141",
"text": "purges. Turkey has a unitary structure in terms of administration and this aspect is one of the most important factors shaping the Turkish public administration. When three powers (executive, legislative and judiciary) are taken into account as the main functions of the state, local administrations have little power. Turkey doesn't have a federal system, and the provinces are subordinate to the central government in Ankara. Local administrations were established to provide services in place and the government is represented by the province governors (\"vali\") and town governors (\"kaymakam\"). Other senior public officials are also appointed by the central government instead",
"title": "Turkey"
},
{
"id": "18357606",
"text": "Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), the government was able to enact a referendum in Parliament, with the vote being set for 16 April 2017. The proposed constitutional changes would see parliamentary and presidential elections taking place on the same day every five years, with the initial vote being set for 3 November 2019. The number of seats in the Grand National Assembly was to be increased from 550 to 600, although the legislative powers of Parliament would be greatly reduced. Crucially, the office of the President of Turkey would be given powers to rule by decree, becoming both the country's head",
"title": "2018 Turkish general election"
},
{
"id": "17454168",
"text": "Bahçeli was re-elected unopposed during the 2015 MHP Extraordinary Congress, with his rivals unable to gain enough signatures to contest the leadership election. Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu was re-elected as CHP leader during the party's 2014 Extraordinary Convention, defeating his rival Muharrem İnce. The HDP has a co-presidential system, where one male and one female leader are elected. The party's chairman and chairwoman are Selahattin Demirtaş and Figen Yüksekdağ. Many opposition commentators and opinion polls show that the public largely regard President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the AKP's founder who constitutionally must remain neutral as President, as the de facto leader of the",
"title": "June 2015 Turkish general election"
},
{
"id": "5787310",
"text": "which had already been defunct since the Allied occupation of Istanbul in 1920 and consequently. The foundation of the Turkish Grand National Assembly followed the dissolution of the lower house of the Ottoman parliament. The new system, which gave primacy to national independence and popular sovereignty, established the offices of Prime Minister and President while placing legislative power within a unicameral Grand National Assembly. The Assembly was elected by direct election using proportional representation. It was based on Party system, which governance by political parties was adapted. The only political party was the \"People's Party\" (\"Halk Fırkası\"), which was founded",
"title": "Atatürk's Reforms"
},
{
"id": "16167767",
"text": "goal of obtaining nearly 10% of the vote, which is a threshold for obtaining parliamentary seats in general elections. He stated that he would be filing a formal complaint of results in some areas to the Supreme Electoral Council. Former President Süleyman Demirel, outgoing President Abdullah Gül and parliamentary speaker Cemil Çiçek all congratulated Erdoğan on his election victory. MHP leader Devlet Bahçeli and deputy leader of the CHP Haluk Koç both criticised the lack of fairness during the campaigning period, with Bahçeli blaming \"boycotters and holidaymakers\" for not voting and guaranteeing Erdoğan's victory in the first round. Regardless, Koç",
"title": "2014 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "9801125",
"text": "a breakdown in relations with President Erdoğan on 5 May 2016, Yıldırım was announced as the AKP's next leader by the party Central Executive Committee on 19 May and was elected unopposed during the party's 2nd Extraordinary Congress on 22 May 2016. He formed the country's 65th government and became Prime Minister on 24 May 2016. Factions of the Turkish Army in discontent with his policies attempted to oust him in a failed military coup d'état attempt on 15 July 2016. As a staunch supporter of Erdoğan, Yıldırım has been referred to as a 'low-profile' Prime Minister and is expected",
"title": "Binali Yıldırım"
},
{
"id": "1385975",
"text": "Erdoğan has served as the first Executive President, with increased legislative and judicial powers. In order to become the President of Turkey, the candidate must have completed higher education, and be of at least forty years of age. If they are a member of the Turkish Grand National Assembly, they must resign their seat. In the past, Turkish presidents were required to sever all relations, if any, with their political party. The election of the President must begin at least 30 days before the term of office of the incumbent president expires or 10 days after the presidency falls vacant,",
"title": "President of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "20679754",
"text": "signing for Perinçek and no signatures for Öz. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, incumbent President of Turkey since 2014, was officially nominated as the presidential candidate of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) on 3 May 2018. Shortly thereafter, the nominally oppositional Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) reiterated that it would endorse Erdoğan's candidacy, and would jointly apply to the electoral commission for its formal registration. In early May, it was confirmed by Erdoğan that he would be visiting the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo in the early stages of the campaign, most likely on 20 May 2018, and hold campaign rallies with the",
"title": "2018 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "17454150",
"text": "'public opening' rallies, was also controversial since the President is constitutionally required to exercise political neutrality. Despite fraud claims dating back to the hugely controversial 2014 local elections and numerous claims of misconduct on polling day, the election was largely praised by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe for being well-organised and was declared free and fair by the European Parliament. The governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) sought a fourth consecutive term in government. Its leader, Ahmet Davutoğlu, who had taken over from Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in August 2014, sought a full term as Prime Minister of",
"title": "June 2015 Turkish general election"
},
{
"id": "17346593",
"text": "Berat Albayrak Berat Albayrak (born 1 January 1978) is a Turkish businessman and politician. He is the former CEO of Çalık Holding; a former MP; former Minister of Energy and Natural Resources; and current Minister of Finance and Treasury. He is the son-in-law of the President of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Berat Albayrak was born on 1 January 1978, the son of Sadık Albayrak, a journalist and politician. He has at least one brother, Serhat. He was educated at İstanbul University's School of Business Administration. He joined Çalık Holding in 1999, and was appointed financial director of their US office",
"title": "Berat Albayrak"
},
{
"id": "19654668",
"text": "Erdoğanism Erdoğanism refers to the political ideals and agenda of Turkish President and former Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who became Prime Minister in 2003 and served until his election to the Presidency in 2014. With support significantly derived from charismatic authority, Erdoğanism has been described as the \"strongest phenomenon in Turkey since Kemalism\" and enjoys broad support throughout the country. Its ideological roots originate from Turkish conservatism and its most predominant political adherent is the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP), a party that Erdoğan founded in 2001. As a personified version of conservative democracy, key ideals of Erdoğanism",
"title": "Erdoğanism"
},
{
"id": "191783",
"text": "treaty that would take the place of the Treaty of Sèvres. Inönü became famous for his stubborn resolve in determining Ankara's position as the legitimate, sovereign government of Turkey. After delivering his position, Inönü turned off his hearing aid during the speeches of British foreign secretary Lord Curzon. When Curzon had finished, Inönü reiterated his position as if Curzon had never said a word. İnönü later served as the Prime Minister of Turkey for several terms, maintaining the system that Mustafa Kemal had put in place. He acted after every major crisis (such as the rebellion of Sheikh Said or",
"title": "İsmet İnönü"
},
{
"id": "17494687",
"text": "in the column \"Notes\". During the congress of the Motherland Party on 15 June 1991, Mesut Yılmaz was elected as the new chairman of the party, and consequently, Yıldırım Akbulut resigned as prime minister. 47th government of Turkey The 47th government of Turkey (9 November 1989 – 23 June 1991) governed Turkey and was led by Yıldırım Akbulut of Motherland Party (ANAP). On 31 October 1989, Turgut Özal, the previous prime minister, was elected as the president of Turkey. According to the constitution, he left the office of prime minister. After a short period during which Ali Bozer was the",
"title": "47th government of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "19813544",
"text": "won by 52 percent. The Peoples' Democratic Party contested the election results announced by pro-government Anadolu Agency and insisted that 1.5 million votes without valid stamps should be cancelled. 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum A constitutional referendum was held throughout Turkey on 16 April 2017 on whether to approve 18 proposed amendments to the Turkish constitution that were brought forward by the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). If approved, the office of the Prime Minister would be abolished and the existing parliamentary system of government would be replaced with an executive presidency and a",
"title": "2017 Turkish constitutional referendum"
},
{
"id": "171719",
"text": "failed coup. At least one has attempted suicide. Amnesty International wanted the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture to send people to check on detainees conditions. On April 16, 2017, the Turkey constitutional referendum was voted in, although narrowly and divided. The referendum creates a Presidential Republic. Many observers and European states view the referendum as an \"enabling act\" and see it as \"democratically backsliding\". On June 24, 2018, Recep Tayyip Erdogan won the presidential election in Turkey again. History of the Republic of Turkey The Republic of Turkey was created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin",
"title": "History of the Republic of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "15339018",
"text": "to be followed. Per Articles 87 and 88, both the government and the parliament can propose laws, however it is only the parliament that has the power to enact laws (A87) and ratify treaties of the Republic with other sovereign states (A90). The President of the Republic is elected by the parliament and has a largely ceremonial role as the Head of State, \"representing the Republic of Turkey and the unity of the Turkish Nation\" (A104). Article Nine affirms that the \"judicial power shall be exercised by independent courts on behalf of the Turkish Nation\". \"Part Four\" provides the rules",
"title": "Constitution of Turkey"
},
{
"id": "3072268",
"text": "Abdullah Gül Abdullah Gül (; ; born 29 October 1950) is a Turkish politician who served as the 11th President of Turkey, in office from 2007 to 2014. He previously served for four months as Prime Minister from 2002 to 2003, and concurrently served as both Deputy Prime Minister and as Foreign Minister between 2003 and 2007. He is currently a member of the Advisory Panel for the President of the Islamic Development Bank. Advocating staunch Islamist political views during his university years, Gül became a Member of Parliament for Kayseri in 1991 and was re-elected in 1995, 1999, 2002",
"title": "Abdullah Gül"
},
{
"id": "20679745",
"text": "a candidate selection process to nominate presidential candidates. Serving president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was widely seen as the undisputed candidate of the People's Alliance, an alliance set up by the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). This was confirmed by MHP leader Devlet Bahçeli on 21 April 2018. The AKP parliamentary group voted unanimously to nominate Erdoğan on 3 May. The main opposition Republican People's Party (CHP) began a wide search for a candidate, with several rumours that the party was content with supporting a cross-party candidate that was not necessarily in line",
"title": "2018 Turkish presidential election"
},
{
"id": "4337586",
"text": "voice of Turkish society by expressing its political views and preferences. It had the right to select and control both the government and the Prime Minister. Initially, it also acted as a legislative power, controlling the executive branch and, if necessary, acted as an organ of scrutiny under the Turkish Constitution of 1921. The Turkish Constitution of 1924 set a loose separation of powers between the legislative and the executive organs of the state, whereas the separation of these two within the judiciary system was a strict one. Mustafa Kemal, then the President, occupied a powerful position in this political",
"title": "Mustafa Kemal Atatürk"
}
] | who has more power in turkey president or prime minister |
|
| [
{
"id": "2295417",
"text": "had sold more than ten million albums worldwide. Moore's acting career began in 2001, when she made her feature film debut with a minor voice role in the comedy \"Dr. Dolittle 2\", before co-starring as Lana Thomas in the comedy \"The Princess Diaries\". In 2002, she had her first starring role as Jamie Sullivan in the romantic drama \"A Walk to Remember\". Moore later voiced Rapunzel in the Disney animated fantasy musical comedy \"Tangled\" (2010). She went on to reprise the role in the short film \"Tangled Ever After\" (2012) and the Disney Channel television series \"\" (2017–present). Moore has",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2899572",
"text": "The Princess Diaries (film) The Princess Diaries is a 2001 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Gina Wendkos, based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. It stars Anne Hathaway (in her film debut) as Mia Thermopolis, a teenager who discovers that she is the heir to the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia, ruled by her grandmother Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi (Julie Andrews). The film also stars Heather Matarazzo, Héctor Elizondo, Mandy Moore, and Robert Schwartzman. Released in North America on August 3, 2001, the film was a commercial success,",
"title": "The Princess Diaries (film)"
},
{
"id": "2295431",
"text": "album has sold an estimated 1.5 million copies worldwide. The album also reached number 37 on the ARIA charts in Australia, her highest peak in the country to date. The album's second single, \"Crush\", was released on August 28, 2001; it peaked at number 35 on the \"Billboard\" Pop Songs chart, and it climbed to number 25 on the ARIA Charts. Moore made her feature film debut in 2001, where she voiced a Girl Bear Cub in the comedy \"Dr. Dolittle 2,\" which starred Eddie Murphy. Later that year, Moore co-starred with Anne Hathaway in the comedy \"The Princess Diaries,\"",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295432",
"text": "based on Meg Cabot's novel of the same name, and was released on August 3, 2001. She played Lana Thomas, the rival of Mia Thermopolis (Hathaway). On her role, Moore told \"In Style\" Magazine, \"I'm the crude popular girl who gets ice cream in her face.\" The film opened in 2,537 theaters in North America and grossed $22,862,269 in its opening weekend. It grossed $165,335,153 worldwide—$108,248,956 in North America and $57,086,197 in other territories. The film received mixed to positive reviews. Rotten Tomatoes reported that 47% of 113 sampled critics gave the film positive reviews and that it got a",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295442",
"text": "She played Sally Kendoo, a deranged contestant on a singing competition series modelled after \"American Idol.\" Weitz said that he had Moore in mind for the role before she was cast, explaining that \"there's something inherently sweet about Mandy; it makes it all the more interesting to see her in a villainess role.\" Moore has said that she enjoys playing mean-spirited characters, but fears being typecast as a villain. The film opened at number nine at the U.S. box office, eventually totaling barely $7 million, and it received generally mixed reviews. Owen Gleiberman of \"Entertainment Weekly\" praised Moore's and Grant's",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295455",
"text": "chart. To date, the album has sold an estimated 100,000 copies. After a break of almost two years from film roles, Moore co-starred with Martin Freeman in the romantic comedy \"Swinging with the Finkels\". The film was shot in the United Kingdom in 2009 and was released in 2011. Moore co-starred with Kellan Lutz in the romantic comedy \"Love, Wedding, Marriage\". The film was shot in 2010 and released in 2011. On May 20, 2010, Moore guest-starred as Mary Portman in the ABC medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\" in the sixth-season finale, called \"Death and All His Friends\", her first television",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295433",
"text": "rating average of 5.2 out of 10. In the film, Moore performed a cover of Connie Francis's 1958 song \"Stupid Cupid\" while at a beach party. In 2002, Moore made her starring debut with Shane West and Peter Coyote in the romantic drama \"A Walk to Remember,\" based on Nicholas Sparks's novel of the same name. She played Jamie Sullivan, the unpopular daughter of Reverend Sullivan (Coyote). The film opened at #3 at the U.S. box office raking in $12,177,488 in its opening weekend, behind \"Snow Dogs\" and \"Black Hawk Down.\" The film received generally negative reviews, but Roger Ebert",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "5558097",
"text": "a re-write as well as a new title from Stephen Gaghan. On June 6, 2003, shortly before filming began, Kaplan was killed in a plane crash in Los Angeles, along with four other people, including her uncle. A dedication to Kaplan is shown preceding the credits at the end of the film. Mandy Moore was originally cast as Allison, but dropped out and was replaced by her \"Princess Diaries\" co-star Hathaway shortly before filming began. Moore reportedly left the project because she felt uncomfortable with the film's subject matter. Jena Malone was originally set to play Emily, but left the",
"title": "Havoc (2005 film)"
},
{
"id": "2295419",
"text": "Russian Jewish (from her maternal grandfather), English and Irish descent. She is the middle of three children with an older brother, Scott and a younger brother, Kyle. When Moore was two months old, she and her family moved to Longwood, Seminole County, Florida, outside of Orlando, because of her father's job. She attended Bishop Moore Catholic High School in Orlando, Florida from 1998 to 1999. Moore became interested in singing and acting at a young age, and called her British maternal grandmother, Eileen Friedman, a professional ballerina in London, one of her inspirations. Moore said \"My parents thought It was",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295440",
"text": "a Christian high school. The film received generally positive reviews, but it did not receive a wide release. Moore's performance was praised, with one critic calling her a \"demented delight\" and another calling it her best performance to date. Her and Michael Stipe's cover of The Beach Boys's 1966 song \"God Only Knows\" bookended the film. In 2005, Moore co-starred in the sports family comedy-drama \"Racing Stripes,\" where she voiced Sandy the white horse, and guest-starred in the HBO comedy-drama \"Entourage.\" Moore was also originally scheduled to star in the films \"Cursed,\" \"Havoc,\" and \"The Upside of Anger,\" which were",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295451",
"text": "film had grossed $43.8 million domestically and $69.3 million worldwide. On September 24, 2007, Moore guest-starred in the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\" in the third-season premiere called \"Wait for It\". Later that year, she co-starred with Billy Crudup, Tom Wilkinson and Dianne Wiest in the romantic comedy \"Dedication\". She played Lucy Reilly, a struggling children's book illustrator who falls in love with Henry Roth (Crudup). The film premiered at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival and received mixed to positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that the film received 41% positive reviews, based on",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295443",
"text": "\"wicked barbed chemistry\" in their roles, but Robert Koehler of \"Variety\" called Moore's role a \"pitch-perfect study of a woman for whom a reality show is reality.\" Later in 2006, Moore voiced Nita, the heroine of the Disney animated sequel \"Brother Bear 2,\" which was released directly to DVD on August 29, 2006. ComingSoon.net praised Moore's \"surprisingly good performance.\" That same year, Moore was originally cast in Emilio Estevez's drama \"Bobby,\" but was replaced by Mary Elizabeth Winstead. In 2006, Moore talked about her early albums, saying she believed her debut album \"So Real\" was appropriate for her age at",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295438",
"text": "in love and her relationships and issues with her family and friends. The film failed to find teenage audiences in the U.S. and grossed a total of $14 million domestically. In 2004, Moore co-starred with Matthew Goode in the romantic comedy \"Chasing Liberty\". She played Anna Foster, the rebellious eighteen-year-old \"First Daughter\" who wants more freedom from the Secret Service. The film grossed approximately $12 million. Both \"How to Deal\" and \"Chasing Liberty\" received generally negative and lukewarm reviews, respectively; but Ebert singled Moore's performances out again and said in his review of \"How to Deal\" that Moore has \"an",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295449",
"text": "cover of \"Cosmopolitan\" where the headline was \"orgasms unlimited\", which referred to an article unrelated to her. Afterward, Moore co-starred with Diane Keaton, Gabriel Macht and Tom Everett Scott in the romantic comedy \"Because I Said So\". In the film, Milly Wilder (Moore) describes in detail the feeling of an orgasm to her mother Daphne (Keaton). The film was released on February 2, 2007, and received mixed to negative reviews, but was a financial success, earning over $69 million worldwide at the box office. Later that year, Moore co-starred with John Krasinski and Robin Williams in the romantic comedy \"License",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "8667761",
"text": "series regular in the role of Mandy Baxter, daughter of series' lead Mike Baxter (portrayed by Tim Allen), in the ABC sitcom \"Last Man Standing\", which premiered on October 11, 2011 and originally ended in March 2017, canceled after six seasons. The series was revived by Fox in May 2018, but Ephraim opted not to return for the show's seventh season. The role was recast, with Molly McCook taking over the role of Mandy Baxter. Ephraim portrayed Wendy Greenhut in the film \"College Road Trip\" (2008) and Ali Rey in the film \"Paranormal Activity 2\" (2010) and the spin-off film",
"title": "Molly Ephraim"
},
{
"id": "2295420",
"text": "just a phase I'd grow out of. But I stuck to it and begged them for acting lessons, for voice lessons.\" Moore began starring in a number of local productions, and performing the National Anthem at a number of events in Orlando. She was only twelve years old when she attended the Stagedoor Manor theater camp, where other celebrities including actress Natalie Portman had once attended. Production director Konnie Kittrell said about Moore \"She was a quiet, sweet girl\", and said that even though she earned a number of solos, \"She wasn't a spotlight seeker.\" When Moore was thirteen, she",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295463",
"text": "2015, it was confirmed that Moore and Levi would reprise their roles as Rapunzel and Eugene \"Flynn Rider\" Fitzherbert in an animated television series that would be based on \"Tangled.\" The series, \"\", set between \"Tangled\" and \"Tangled Ever After\", premiered on the Disney Channel in 2017. Moore co-starred with Claire Holt in the underwater survival thriller \"47 Meters Down.\" Filming began at Pinewood Studios in the United Kingdom on June 18, 2015, and finished on August 7, 2015. The film was released on June 16, 2017. In September 2015, Moore said that she was continuing to work on her",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295439",
"text": "unaffected natural charm\" and \"almost makes the movie worth seeing,\" and said in his review of \"Chasing Liberty\" that she has \"undeniable screen presence and inspires instant affection.\" Other critics called Moore an \"actress of limited range,\" but one review of \"Chasing Liberty\" called her the \"most painless of former pop princesses.\" (Another romantic comedy with a similar theme, \"First Daughter\", which starred Katie Holmes, was released later that year.) Late in 2004, Moore co-starred with Jena Malone, Macaulay Culkin and Patrick Fugit in the religion satirical comedy-drama \"Saved!\". She played Hilary Faye Stockard, a proper and popular girl at",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295418",
"text": "been starring as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family drama \"This Is Us\" since 2016, and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role. The cast won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. Moore was born on April 10, 1984, in Nashua, New Hampshire, to Stacy (born Friedman), a former news reporter who once worked for the \"Orlando Sentinel\", and Donald Moore, a pilot for American Airlines. Moore was raised Catholic, but has since developed a \"hodgepodge of things\" that she believes. Moore is of",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "3039514",
"text": "Moore had been cast as the voice of Rapunzel, and actor Zachary Levi would provide the voice of Flynn Rider. Mandy Moore approached the project through auditioning, when she heard that a film about the story of \"Rapunzel\" was being made. Moore later expressed that she had dreamed to be a Disney princess since she was young and said that with the role of Rapunzel, she had fulfilled her \"ultimate childhood dream\". She described herself as a \"girly fan\" of Disney animated films like \"The Little Mermaid\", \"Beauty and the Beast\", \"Aladdin\" and \"The Lion King\", and that it was",
"title": "Tangled"
},
{
"id": "2295456",
"text": "role since 2007. She returned to the show for three episodes of the seventh season. Also that year, Moore co-starred with Zachary Levi where she voiced Rapunzel in the CGI Disney animated fantasy musical comedy \"Tangled\". The film received generally positive reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes reported that 89% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 185 reviews, with an average score of 7.5/10. The site's consensus read: \"While far from Disney's greatest film, \"Tangled\" is a visually stunning, thoroughly entertaining addition to the studio's classic animated canon.\" Another review aggregator Metacritic, which assigned a weighted",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295461",
"text": "2013, it was announced Moore would be starring as Louise in the ABC sitcom \"Pulling\", based on the British sitcom of the same name. The pilot was written by Lee Eisenberg and Gene Stupnitsky, but in March, as the pilot came closer to production, Moore's character was moved in a different direction and she considered herself to be no longer right for the role. Moore asked to be released from the pilot and ABC agreed to it. Later that year, she signed on to star in the CBS legal drama \"The Advocates\" as Shannon Carter, but the pilot was passed",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295465",
"text": "have a lot of music written. Next year, I've decided I'm putting it out there!\" In July 2018, she also said on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" that she might collaborate with her future husband, musician Taylor Goldsmith, on her new music. On August 3, 2018, Moore co-starred with Amandla Stenberg and Patrick Gibson in the dystopian science-fiction thriller \"The Darkest Minds.\" On November 21, 2018, she voiced Rapunzel again in the Disney animated comedy \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\" with John C. Reilly, Sarah Silverman, Gal Gadot, Taraji P. Henson, Kristen Bell and Jane Lynch. When Moore's musical career began in 1999,",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295458",
"text": "of 2010. It is the third-highest-grossing film worldwide produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios, behind \"Frozen\" (2013) and \"The Lion King\" (1994). Moore and Levi performed the film's theme song, \"I See the Light,\" at the 83rd Academy Awards, where it was nominated for Best Original Song. The song also won a Grammy Award for Best Song Written For Visual Media as well as Best Song at the Las Vegas Film Critics Society. In October 2011, it was announced that she was set to star in an ABC sitcom called \"Us and Them\", but the pilot was eventually passed by",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295450",
"text": "to Wed\" which was released on July 3, 2007. The film received overwhelmingly negative reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 7% rating and a critical consensus of \"broad and formulaic\". Metacritic.com rated it 25 out of 100, citing 21 generally negative reviews out of 30 for its rating. \"Variety\" called the film \"an astonishingly flat romantic comedy, filled with perplexing choices\", but \"Variety\" called Moore's performance \"appealing\". The film grossed $10,422,258 in its opening weekend opening at #4 at the U.S. Box Office behind \"Live Free or Die Hard\", \"Ratatouille\" and \"Transformers\", which opened at the top spot. The",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295459",
"text": "the network. In 2012, she co-starred with Carla Gugino and Rufus Sewell in Sebastian Gutierrez's crime drama \"Hotel Noir,\" which was released on October 9, 2012, in the U.S. From 2012 to 2013, Moore voiced Mara in the short-lived Disney XD animated science fiction series \"\". She voiced the title character in the Disney Junior animated series \"Sheriff Callie's Wild West\" from 2014 to 2015. In July 2012, Moore announced that she would be collaborating with her then-husband, musician Ryan Adams, on her upcoming seventh studio album. She said, \"There's tremendous influence right now around the house... from the music",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "14728081",
"text": "Tim Pigott-Smith as DCI Harry Hutchinson, Sara Powell as Rachel Barker and Elaine Glover as PC Lucy Slater. Velibor Topić and Julie Cox joined the cast in a recurring capacity as drug baron Neculai Stenga and Mandy French, Luke French's wife. By the end of series one, Pigott-Smith and Topic both departed the show. Series two saw the introductions of Oliver Milburn as DCI Scott Vaughan and James Thornton as Constable Jake Loughton. Stephanie Langton took over from Julie Cox in series two to continue playing the role of Mandy. The series was announced on 27 April 2006, and was",
"title": "HolbyBlue"
},
{
"id": "2295457",
"text": "average score from 0–100 out of reviews from mainstream film critics, calculated a score of 71 based on 34 reviews. CinemaScore polled conducted during the opening weekend revealed the average grade cinemagoers gave the film was an \"A+\" on an A+ to F scale. It earned $200,821,936 in North America, and $389,900,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $590,721,936. Worldwide, it is the 17th-highest-grossing animated film, the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2010, and the third-highest-grossing 2010 animated film, behind \"Toy Story 3\" and \"Shrek Forever After.\" It is also the third Disney film appearing in the Top 10 films",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2899583",
"text": "into view below. Filming took place from September 18 to December 8, 2000. The film was produced by Whitney Houston and Debra Martin Chase and directed by Garry Marshall. Anne Hathaway was cast for the role of Mia because Garry Marshall's granddaughters saw her audition tape and said she had the best \"princess hair.\" According to Hathaway, the first choice for the role of Mia Thermopolis was Liv Tyler, but the studio preferred to cast unfamiliar faces. Héctor Elizondo, who appears in all the films which Marshall directs, plays Joe, the head of Genovian security. Marshall's daughter, Kathleen, plays Clarisse's",
"title": "The Princess Diaries (film)"
},
{
"id": "2295471",
"text": "Mom Bloggers Club, to help raise awareness and campaign against domestic violence. In July 2016, Moore appeared on an a cappella version of Rachel Platten's song \"Fight Song\" along with several other celebrities for the 2016 Democratic National Convention for Hillary Clinton’s second bid at the presidency. Moore was one of the demonstrators at the Los Angeles 2017 Women's March held on January 21, 2017. Moore dated former \"Scrubs\" star Zach Braff from 2004 to 2006. In 2008, Moore began dating former Whiskeytown frontman Ryan Adams. They became engaged in February 2009 and married on March 10, 2009, in Savannah,",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295416",
"text": "Mandy Moore Amanda Leigh \"Mandy\" Moore (born April 10, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. In 1999, Moore signed with Epic Records and came to fame with the release of her debut single \"Candy\", which peaked at number 41 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Her debut studio album, \"So Real\" (1999), went on to receive a platinum certification from the RIAA. The title single from her second studio album, \"I Wanna Be With You\" (2000), became Moore's first top 30 song in the U.S., peaking at number 24 on the Hot 100. As of 2009, \"Billboard\" reported that Moore",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295437",
"text": "Epic after five years of service because of creative differences. Moore and the label released her greatest hits album, \"The Best of Mandy Moore\" that had no new songs, on November 16, 2004, to end her contract. The album reached number 148 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Moore's second compilation album, \"Candy,\" was released on April 5, 2005. In 2003, Moore co-starred with Allison Janney, Peter Gallagher and Trent Ford in the romantic comedy-drama \"How to Deal\", based on Sarah Dessen's novels \"That Summer\" and \"Someone like You.\" She played Halley Martin, a cynical and rebellious seventeen-year-old who deals with falling",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "8667758",
"text": "Molly Ephraim Molly Ephraim (born May 22, 1986) is an American actress who has appeared in films, television, and Broadway, Off-Broadway, and regional theatre productions. She is best known for her role as Mandy Baxter in the ABC sitcom \"Last Man Standing\" during its original run (2011–2017). Ephraim has also appeared in a number of other TV series including \"Brockmire\" (2017), \"Halt and Catch Fire (TV series)\" (2017), and \"Casual (TV series)\" (2018). Most recently, Ephraim portrayed Irene Kelly in \"The Front Runner\" (2018). Ephraim was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and grew up in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. She performed in",
"title": "Molly Ephraim"
},
{
"id": "3570515",
"text": "learns that she is the last surviving Cetra, or \"Ancient\", one of the planet's oldest races. She has also appeared in the later-released \"Compilation of Final Fantasy VII\" and \"Kingdom Hearts\" series. Her voice actor is Maaya Sakamoto in Japanese. In English releases, her voice actors are singer and actress Mandy Moore in \"Kingdom Hearts\", actress Mena Suvari in \"Kingdom Hearts II\" and \"Final Fantasy VII Advent Children\", and actress Andrea Bowen in \"\". The character and the events surrounding her death in \"Final Fantasy VII\" have met with an overall positive reception from critics and fans. Aerith Gainsborough is",
"title": "Aerith Gainsborough"
},
{
"id": "15605710",
"text": "season 7 reboot. Molly Ephraim and Flynn Morrison both opted not to return for the new season, with Fox announcing their roles (\"Mandy\" and \"Boyd\", respectively) would be recast ahead of season 7. On August 6, 2018, it was announced that Molly McCook and Jet Jurgensmeyer would be taking over the roles of Mandy and Boyd, respectively. The article also stated that Kaitlyn Dever, who recently signed on to play a lead role in the 2019 Netflix miniseries \"Unbelievable\", will return as \"Eve\" in a recurring role only. For the seventh season, the show airs in the same Friday night",
"title": "Last Man Standing (U.S. TV series)"
},
{
"id": "7427601",
"text": "Mandy (24 character) Mandy is a fictional character, played by Mia Kirshner, on the television series \"24\". She is a terrorist and a professional assassin, and is notable for being one of the few longtime antagonists of the series to remain alive. Though there is a significant amount of time in between her appearances, her actions within the show are usually substantial and traumatic to the main characters. After Ellen complained that Mandy's lesbian kiss in Season One was using lesbianism as a \"sign of impending doom.\" Mandy is frequently referred to in the press and by fans as a",
"title": "Mandy (24 character)"
},
{
"id": "2899586",
"text": "produce the sequel. Unlike the first film, it is not based on any of the books. Most of the cast returned for the sequel, including Anne Hathaway, Julie Andrews, Héctor Elizondo, Heather Matarazzo, and Larry Miller. New cast and characters include Viscount Mabrey (John Rhys-Davies), Lord Nicholas Devereaux (Chris Pine), and Andrew Jacoby (Callum Blue). The Princess Diaries (film) The Princess Diaries is a 2001 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Gina Wendkos, based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. It stars Anne Hathaway (in her film debut) as Mia Thermopolis,",
"title": "The Princess Diaries (film)"
},
{
"id": "7260504",
"text": "Mandy Salter Mandy Salter is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Nicola Stapleton from 12 March 1992 to 13 January 1994 and then from 29 August 2011 to 31 May 2012. Introduced on 12 March 1992 by producer Leonard Lewis, Mandy was portrayed as a teenage tearaway. She was featured in storylines about teenage homelessness, child abuse and recreational drug taking. Her relationship with Aidan Brosnan (Sean Maguire) was one of the prominent storylines featured in 1993. Due to the character's devious behaviour, it has been suggested that Mandy was one of the most hated",
"title": "Mandy Salter"
},
{
"id": "2295441",
"text": "all eventually released in 2005, but without her involvement in any of them. In 2006, Moore guest-starred as Julie Quinn in two episodes of the fifth season of the NBC medical sitcom \"Scrubs\", that were the ninth episode \"My Half-Acre\" and the tenth episode \"Her Story II\". The same year, she guest-starred in the Fox animated sitcom \"The Simpsons,\" where she voiced Tabitha Vixx in the seventeenth-season finale called \"Marge and Homer Turn a Couple Play.\" Moore also co-starred with Hugh Grant, Dennis Quaid and William Dafoe in Paul Weitz's satirical comedy \"American Dreamz\", which was released in April 2006.",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "11861113",
"text": "Sheeri Rappaport Sheeri Rappaport (born October 27, 1977) is an American actress. She is most famous for portraying lab technician Mandy Webster on \"\". Rappaport made her television debut with a guest role on \"Clarissa Explains It All\". She portrayed the Amazon Otere on \"\", and has also made guest appearances on \"7th Heaven\", \"The Drew Carey Show\", and \"Strong Medicine\". She also appeared in the films \"Claustrophobia\", \"Seeing Other People\", and \"The United States of Leland\". Apart from \"CSI\", Rappaport also portrayed Officer Mary Franco in seasons 7 and 8 of \"NYPD Blue\". Other roles include a manipulative Catholic",
"title": "Sheeri Rappaport"
},
{
"id": "7260505",
"text": "characters on television during her tenure. The character appeared in a special episode of \"Doctor Who\" in 1993, which was set in the fictional soap setting of Walford. Stapleton quit the role and Mandy departed on-screen on 13 January 1994. Following Mandy's initial exit, Stapleton claimed that she was asked to reprise the role on several occasions; she turned these offers down until producer Bryan Kirkwood negotiated her comeback in 2011. After a 17-year hiatus, Mandy reappeared from 29 August 2011 and began a relationship with the long-running character, Ian Beale (played by Adam Woodyatt). Mandy's return storylines focused on",
"title": "Mandy Salter"
},
{
"id": "6384956",
"text": "the final single, \"Cry\", tied in with the romantic drama film \"A Walk to Remember\", Moore's debut as a lead actress. Four songs from the fourth studio album \"Coverage\" (2003), were included, among which is Moore's own versions of \"Have a Little Faith in Me\" and \"Drop the Pilot\". Moore originally performed her rendition of \"Only Hope\" in \"A Walk to Remember\" that also appeared on the soundtrack. \"Top of the World\" was featured in the film \"Stuart Little 2\". The final track in the compilation is a cover of Doris Day's \"Secret Love\" from the \"Mona Lisa Smile\" soundtrack.",
"title": "The Best of Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "14540679",
"text": "earned critical acclaim for her performance in , playing Evie Fong, a barrister with dissociative identity disorder, along with the other two spilt personalities, Pina Colada and Sau Mak Mak. Born in Hong Kong, Wong was raised in a single-parent household. She has one older sister Cathy, who is an English teacher at King's Glory Education Centre. Her mother is the owner of a cosmetics shop in Wan Chai. Following her graduation from The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, Wong worked as a flight attendant for three years before participating in the Miss Hong Kong 2007 beauty pageant, in",
"title": "Mandy Wong"
},
{
"id": "15641731",
"text": "character Mandy, one of Jimmie Walker's girlfriends on the 1970s sitcom, \"Good Times\", made a starring role appearance on the first season of \"The Streets of San Francisco\", and as Summer Johnson on the CBS series, \"Executive Suite\". Sykes was married to musician Gil Scott-Heron from 1978 to 1987 and is the mother of poet Gia Scott-Heron. She is married to Paul C. Hudson, whom she married on May 19, 1995. Brenda Sykes Brenda Sykes (born June 25, 1949) is an American actress who made a number of films and appeared in television series in the 1970s. She was discovered",
"title": "Brenda Sykes"
},
{
"id": "6740857",
"text": "again and that Mandy would appear from July along with Luke Morgan played by Gary Lucy. Mandy returned on 26 July 2017. Mandy first appears as a schoolgirl who dreams of becoming a model and becomes romantically involved with Ollie Benson (Paul Leyshon). It is revealed that Mandy's father Dennis (David McAllister) had sexually and physically abused her when she was younger. Mandy takes a stand against her father and he is sentenced to seven years in prison. Mandy's life slowly returns to normal and she begins a relationship with Luke Morgan (Gary Lucy). When Luke is raped by Mark",
"title": "Mandy Richardson"
},
{
"id": "11506236",
"text": "Mary Louise Weller Mary Louise Weller (born in New York City) is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Mandy Pepperidge in the popular 1978 film \"Animal House\". She has also guest-starred in such television series as \"Starsky & Hutch\", \"Fantasy Island\", \"B.J. and the Bear\", \"Supertrain\", and \"CHiPs\" as well as appearing in Larry Cohen's film, \"Q\". Mary Louise Weller was born in New York City and was raised in Los Angeles' Westwood area. The onetime top New York model made her film debut with an uncredited role in the 1973 Al Pacino cop",
"title": "Mary Louise Weller"
},
{
"id": "3736109",
"text": "Mandy Hampton Madeline \"Mandy\" Hampton, Ph.D is a fictional character from the American serial drama \"The West Wing\", portrayed by Moira Kelly. She was White House media consultant during the first season of the show, and the former girlfriend of Deputy White House Chief of Staff Josh Lyman, with whom she often clashed. A savvy political strategist and no-nonsense negotiator, the character was said to have been based on real-life political media adviser Mandy Grunwald, a Democratic political consultant and media adviser who worked on the presidential campaigns for both Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton. Moira Kelly said of her",
"title": "Mandy Hampton"
},
{
"id": "7427605",
"text": "in the game where she is once again hired as an assassin, this time assassinating California Governor James Radford. Mandy is now working with Habib Marwan. She and her boyfriend Gary help plan the kidnapping of Secretary of Defense James Heller and his daughter Audrey Raines. During the last few hours of the season, Mandy hears helicopters outside her apartment and realizes that she's been discovered by CTU. She ambushes a CTU team and takes Tony Almeida hostage. Mandy detonates a bomb within a nearby car, successfully tricking CTU into believing that she and Tony were dead. During her attempt",
"title": "Mandy (24 character)"
},
{
"id": "2899573",
"text": "grossing $165.3 million worldwide. The film was followed by a sequel, \"\", released in August 2004. Teenager Mia Thermopolis lives with her artist mother, Helen, and her cat, Fat Louie in a remodeled San Francisco firehouse. A somewhat awkward and unpopular girl, Mia has a fear of public speaking, and often wishes to be \"invisible\". She has a crush on Josh Bryant, but is frequently teased by both him and his cheerleader girlfriend, Lana Thomas. Mia’s only friendships are in the form of the equally unpopular Lilly Moscovitz and Lilly's brother, Michael, who secretly has a crush on Mia. Just",
"title": "The Princess Diaries (film)"
},
{
"id": "3736114",
"text": "the standoff by force, and Mandy is physically sickened by the events. The character appeared only in the first season, and her appearances became sporadic as the episodes progressed. She departed from the show without plot explanation after the first season ended. Series creator Aaron Sorkin said that the character was not working out, and the decision for Moira Kelly's departure from the show was amicable: The ensemble nature of the cast made it further difficult to focus adequately on the character. When the first season finale, \"What Kind of Day Has It Been\", featured a cliffhanger ending with an",
"title": "Mandy Hampton"
},
{
"id": "2899584",
"text": "secretary Charlotte Kutaway. Charlotte's surname is mentioned only in the credits, and Garry Marshall says it is a reference to how she is often used in cutaway shots. In one scene, Robert Schwartzman's real-life group Rooney makes a cameo playing a garage band named Flypaper, whose lead singer is Michael, played by Schwartzman. The Cable car tourist was portrayed by Kathy Garver. The book was set in New York City, but the film's location was changed to San Francisco. West Coast radio personalities Mark & Brian appear as themselves. The film opened in 2,537 theaters in North America and grossed",
"title": "The Princess Diaries (film)"
},
{
"id": "7239586",
"text": "individuality,\" those characters being either \"mammy\" or over sexualized versions of female African Americans. Instead, Tiana offers a new perspective as simply a hard-working woman who bears no reliance on a man. Disney says Tiana represents \"mak[ing] a dream real.\" Rapunzel is the tenth Disney Princess. First appearing in Disney's 50th animated feature film \"Tangled\" (2010), Rapunzel is based on the heroine of the German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm. Created by screenwriter Dan Fogelman, Rapunzel was originally animated by Glen Keane and is voiced by recording artist and actress Mandy Moore. The character was \"coronated\" and inducted into",
"title": "Disney Princess"
},
{
"id": "2295472",
"text": "Georgia. In January 2015, Moore filed for divorce while Adams was in New York, citing \"irreconcilable differences\". Moore and Adams later released a joint statement explaining their decision, describing it as a \"respectful, amicable parting of ways\". Court documents obtained a few days later indicated that they had been legally separated for nearly six months prior to the filing. The divorce was finalized in June 2016. In 2015, Moore began dating Dawes frontman Taylor Goldsmith. They became engaged in September 2017 and married on November 18, 2018, in Los Angeles, California. In 2012, Moore was ranked number 96 on VH1's",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "2295428",
"text": "not a true follow-up. Allmusic called the album \"trashier, flashier, gaudier, and altogether more disposable\" than its predecessor \"So Real\". The album was a commercial success, debuting and peaking at number 21 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 chart. It went on to receive a Gold certification from the RIAA, for sales exceeding 500,000 copies in the U.S. alone. Moore won the Kids' Choice Awards for \"Favorite Rising Star\" for the album in 2000. In 2001, Moore began working on her third studio album, which was said to move away from the \"bubblegum pop\" sound and image she became known for.",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "3608093",
"text": "he is right for the part. However, new problems arise when the role of the leading lady goes to Mandy Moore, Vince's ex-girlfriend, for whom he still has feelings, but who is engaged to be married. Mandy and Vince resume their romance after Mandy's engagement shows signs of problems, but she eventually returns to her boyfriend. Initially devastated, Vince finds the will to go on with the film in the end. However, Ari has his own problems in the form of his boss and partner, Terrance McQuewick (Malcolm McDowell), who is trying to steal Vince away from him. Near the",
"title": "Entourage (U.S. TV series)"
},
{
"id": "9229104",
"text": "West and Mandy Moore in \"A Walk to Remember\", an American coming-of-age romantic drama film based on the Nicholas Sparks' novel. The film opened at No. 3 at the U.S. box office raking in $12,177,488 in its opening weekend, behind \"Snow Dogs\" and \"Black Hawk Down\". Even though not a critical success, it was a modest box office hit, earning $41,281,092 in the United States alone, and a sleeper hit in Asia. The total revenue generated worldwide was $47,494,916. In 2007, de la Huerta was cast in the role of Linda for the film \"Enter the Void\", a psychedelic melodrama",
"title": "Paz de la Huerta"
},
{
"id": "8429103",
"text": "Mandy Dingle Mandy Dingle (also Kirk-Dingle) is a fictional character from the British soap opera \"Emmerdale\", played by Lisa Riley. She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 20 July 1995. Riley will reprise the role in early 2019. Mandy comes to Emmerdale for her cousin Tina Dingle's (Jacqueline Pirie) wedding to Luke McAllister (Noah Huntley). She later returns to live with her uncle Zak Dingle (Steve Halliwell), having been disowned by her father, Caleb (Mike Kelly). She finds work as a barmaid at The Woolpack, where her feisty personality makes her an instant hit with the locals.",
"title": "Mandy Dingle"
},
{
"id": "2295434",
"text": "of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" praised Moore and West's \"quietly convincing\" performances. It was a modest box office hit, earning $41,281,092 in the U.S. alone, and was a sleeper hit in Asia. The total revenue generated worldwide was $47,494,916. Moore received a number of nominations and awards for her performance in the film. Moore's self-titled album's third and final single, \"Cry,\" was released on November 4, 2001, to help promote the film. Commenting on the film, she said: \"It was my first movie and I know people say it may be cliche and it's a tearjerker or it's cheesy, but for",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "14701588",
"text": "she won the 2010 Broadway.com Audience Award for Best Female Replacement. On January 30, 2011, she gave her final performance in the role, after which she was replaced by Teal Wicks. Gonzalez also had previously appeared in the ensemble in one of the musical's first readings. In September 2016, she joined the Broadway cast of \"Hamilton\" as Angelica Schuyler Church, replacing Renée Elise Goldsberry. Gonzalez appeared on television in \"The Good Wife\", \"Third Watch\", \"Guiding Light\", and \"Madam Secretary\". Her films include \"Across the Universe\" (directed by Julie Taymor) and Pieter Gaspersz' \"After\". In 2016, Gonzalez starred in the ABC",
"title": "Mandy Gonzalez"
},
{
"id": "13410395",
"text": "which the character's voice was temporarily provided by \"friends around the studio\" in lieu of legitimate actresses. The filmmakers opted not to hire A-list celebrities to voice the film's main characters. Afterwards, the directors continued to audition hundreds of young actresses in the hopes of finding Rapunzel's voice, among them Broadway performer Idina Menzel, but none sounded quite right until they finally discovered singer and actress Mandy Moore. Describing the opportunity to voice a Disney character as \"the ultimate fantasy\", Moore was a long-time fan of Disney films. Initially, knowledge that the role was being heavily sought after at the",
"title": "Rapunzel (Tangled)"
},
{
"id": "3447506",
"text": "series. In 1990, Amick was cast as Mandy in \"Don't Tell Her It's Me\" and portrayed Amy in Tobe Hooper's horror film \"I'm Dangerous Tonight\". In 1991, Amick was cast in \"The Borrower\". In 1992, Amick portrayed the heroine Tanya Robertson in the Stephen King horror movie \"Sleepwalkers\". The following year, she starred in the thriller film \"Love, Cheat & Steal\" (1993). In 1993, Amick was cast as Lena Mathers in the feature film \"Dream Lover\", a thriller in which she co-starred with James Spader. In 1995, she and Spader were reunited in the TV movie \"The Courtyard.\" That same",
"title": "Mädchen Amick"
},
{
"id": "7427602",
"text": "\"lesbian assassin,\" along with the qualifiers \"sexy, slutty, diabolical.\" Mandy is also referred to by Jack as a \"professional,\" comparing the Mandy character to himself. Mandy appears in the first three episodes of the first season as part of the group hired by Andre Drazen to assassinate presidential candidate David Palmer. She has sex with Martin Belkin, a media photographer seated next to her on her flight to Los Angeles, during which time she steals his wallet. Mandy detonates a bomb on the 747 as she parachutes off to safety. After landing safely in the Mojave Desert, Mandy hides Martin's",
"title": "Mandy (24 character)"
},
{
"id": "6118371",
"text": "wait to get into the studio and sing it.\" She added that James Renald, the writer and co-producer of the song, had to \"peel her out of the booth because she wanted to sing it over and over again.\" The music video was directed by Chris Applebaum and released in 2002. The main premise of the video was centered around the conclusion of the movie \"A Walk to Remember\". The home video was the summer that Moore and West's characters spent together before she died. It showed Moore in Heaven and Shane West looking through a telescope at her. The",
"title": "Cry (Mandy Moore song)"
},
{
"id": "8429111",
"text": "and be ready for another by tea-time. You can rest assured that \"Emmerdale's\"' Mandy Dingle – the bawdy brunette with the fuller figure and gravelly laugh – would be chasing an army of Valentines today.\" Mandy Dingle Mandy Dingle (also Kirk-Dingle) is a fictional character from the British soap opera \"Emmerdale\", played by Lisa Riley. She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 20 July 1995. Riley will reprise the role in early 2019. Mandy comes to Emmerdale for her cousin Tina Dingle's (Jacqueline Pirie) wedding to Luke McAllister (Noah Huntley). She later returns to live with her",
"title": "Mandy Dingle"
},
{
"id": "2573499",
"text": "Mia Kirshner Mia Kirshner (born January 25, 1975 or 1976) is a Canadian actress, writer and social activist who works in movies and television series. She is known for her role as Jenny Schecter on the cable TV series \"The L Word\" (2004–2009), and for her recurring guest role as the terrorist Mandy on the TV series \"24\" (2001–2005). Kirshner was born in Toronto, Ontario, the daughter of Etti, a teacher, and Sheldon Kirshner, a journalist who wrote for The \"Canadian Jewish News\". Kirshner is a granddaughter of Holocaust survivors; her father was born in a displaced persons camp in",
"title": "Mia Kirshner"
},
{
"id": "20544730",
"text": "critic Christopher Stewardson said the film \"is sure to become a cult favourite all of its own.\" At the 2019 Independent Spirit Awards, Benjamin Loeb was nominated for Best Cinematography for the film. Mandy (2018 film) Mandy is a 2018 psychedelic action horror film directed by Panos Cosmatos and co-written by Cosmatos and Aaron Stewart-Ahn. A co-production of the United States and Canada, the film stars Nicolas Cage, Andrea Riseborough, Linus Roache, Ned Dennehy, Olwen Fouéré, Richard Brake, and Bill Duke. It premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2018, and was theatrically released on September 14,",
"title": "Mandy (2018 film)"
},
{
"id": "8429109",
"text": "Riley had agreed to reprise the role, with Mandy making her return in early 2019. The character was last seen in November 2001. Of her return, Riley stated \"I could not be happier to be returning in the New Year to \"Emmerdale\". It's something I never thought would happen after 17 years, and I am so interested to see what trouble Mandy is capable of causing. But mostly being back with all my old friends, it's like I've never been away.\" Mandy's return storyline will be \"self-contained\", and her arrival will \"cause trouble\" for her family, as she is hiding",
"title": "Mandy Dingle"
},
{
"id": "16749360",
"text": "the character Mandy, a character that the main character Leonard kissed on an expedition to the North Sea. She appeared in the second episode of the ninth season. Melissa Tang Melissa Tang (born May 7, 1985) is an American actress. Tang was born in Los Angeles, California, of Chinese descent. She studied acting at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She has guest starred in \"The Big Bang Theory\", \"The Unit\", \"Lie to Me\", \"\", \"Harry's Law\", \"Good Luck Charlie\", \"New Girl\" and \"Baby Daddy\". She has also appeared in the films \"Beginners\" (2010) and the internet film \"Inside\" (2011).",
"title": "Melissa Tang"
},
{
"id": "5495670",
"text": "by critics and has won three Primetime Emmy Awards. Tisdale remained on the series until its conclusion in 2015, appearing in various television films in the role as well. In 2008, Tisdale formed her own production company, Blondie Girl Productions. The television film \"Picture This\" (2008) marked Tisdale's debut as an executive producer and as an actress in a leading role; she played Mandy Gilbert, an unpopular and bullied teenager. The film premiered on ABC Family in 2008 to 4.3 million viewers. Tisdale again appeared as Sharpay Evans in \"\", which premiered in October 2008. It earned $42 million in",
"title": "Ashley Tisdale"
},
{
"id": "3736118",
"text": "evidence that the show included a fair mix. Mandy Hampton Madeline \"Mandy\" Hampton, Ph.D is a fictional character from the American serial drama \"The West Wing\", portrayed by Moira Kelly. She was White House media consultant during the first season of the show, and the former girlfriend of Deputy White House Chief of Staff Josh Lyman, with whom she often clashed. A savvy political strategist and no-nonsense negotiator, the character was said to have been based on real-life political media adviser Mandy Grunwald, a Democratic political consultant and media adviser who worked on the presidential campaigns for both Bill Clinton",
"title": "Mandy Hampton"
},
{
"id": "5579273",
"text": "Lisa Riley Lisa Jane Riley (born 13 July 1976 in Bury, Greater Manchester) is an English television presenter and actress best known for playing the role of Mandy Dingle in the television soap opera \"Emmerdale\", succeeding Jeremy Beadle as presenter of \"You've Been Framed!\" and her appearances as a panellist on the ITV daytime series \"Loose Women\". Riley trained at the Oldham Theatre Workshop from the age of nine, and was signed by an agent three years later. After some early roles including appearances as an extra in \"Coronation Street\" and as a cast member in \"Butterfly Kiss\" which was",
"title": "Lisa Riley"
},
{
"id": "6118369",
"text": "who thinks that love is insensitive. The musical structure of the song is created based on the melody of a guitar as a ballad. It was used as a soundtrack of the 2002 romantic drama \"A Walk to Remember\", in which she starred alongside Shane West. The song tells the story of a girl who thought her lover to be insensitive, until the day she first saw him cry. \"\"You were all by yourself, staring up at the dark gray sky, I was changed...\"\" It was not a major hit in the U.S. until the release of Moore's film \"A",
"title": "Cry (Mandy Moore song)"
},
{
"id": "20544720",
"text": "Mandy (2018 film) Mandy is a 2018 psychedelic action horror film directed by Panos Cosmatos and co-written by Cosmatos and Aaron Stewart-Ahn. A co-production of the United States and Canada, the film stars Nicolas Cage, Andrea Riseborough, Linus Roache, Ned Dennehy, Olwen Fouéré, Richard Brake, and Bill Duke. It premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2018, and was theatrically released on September 14, 2018 by RLJE Films. \"Mandy\" received critical acclaim, with praise directed at its style, its originality, Cage's performance, Cosmatos' direction, and the action sequences. It is one of the last films scored by",
"title": "Mandy (2018 film)"
},
{
"id": "20956526",
"text": "Grey DeLisle filmography Grey DeLisle, also credited as Grey Griffin, has done voice acting for numerous animated films, television shows, and video games. Her voice roles include Vicky from \"The Fairly OddParents\", Samantha \"Sam\" Manson from \"Danny Phantom\", Mandy from \"The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy\", Frankie Foster, Duchess, and Goo from \"Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends\", Yumi Yoshimura from \"Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi\", Azula from \"\", Kimiko Tohomiko from \"Xiaolin Showdown\", as well as Lola, Lana, and Lily Loud from \"The Loud House\", and Prince Puppycorn from \"Unikitty!.\" She has been the voice of Daphne Blake in the",
"title": "Grey DeLisle filmography"
},
{
"id": "7427604",
"text": "in his crosshairs as well, and then asks her if she's \"in\" for an unspecified job to be carried out during the following summer. Mandy, who has become visibly upset by Bridgit's death, reluctantly agrees, and Gaines calls off Jonathan. In a plot twist at the end of Season 2, Mandy returns as a hired assassin working for Max, the man behind the day's events. She deliberately comes into physical contact with President David Palmer, infecting him with a poisonous toxin. With her job done, Mandy slinks off into the large crowd unseen. Mandy makes a very brief cameo appearance",
"title": "Mandy (24 character)"
},
{
"id": "2573501",
"text": "cocooned and duplicated by the enemy aliens - and her doppelganger. Kirshner made her film debut in 1993 at the age of 18 in Denys Arcand's \"Love and Human Remains\". She convinced her father to sign a \"nudity waiver\" to play a dominatrix. The following year, she starred in Atom Egoyan's \"Exotica\". In 1996, she appeared in \"\". She also played Kitty Scherbatsky in the 1997 version of Anna Karenina. Kirshner also appeared in the first three episodes of \"24\" as the assassin Mandy in 2001. She would later reprise the role for the second season's finale and in the",
"title": "Mia Kirshner"
},
{
"id": "2899585",
"text": "$22,862,269 in its opening weekend. It grossed $165,335,153 worldwide—$108,248,956 in North America and $57,086,197 in other territories. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 47% of 113 film critics gave the film a positive review, with a rating average of 5.2/10. The site's consensus reads, \"A charming, if familiar, makeover movie for young teenage girls.\" Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, gives the film a score of 52 based on 27 reviews. A sequel, \"\", was released on August 11, 2004, with Garry Marshall returning to direct and Debra Martin Chase to",
"title": "The Princess Diaries (film)"
},
{
"id": "7427606",
"text": "at escape, Jack discovers her plan and catches her and Tony in the parking lot. When Mandy threatens to kill Tony, Curtis sneaks behind her and punches her in the face. Jack tells her that he can get a Presidential Pardon for all of her past crimes, and will do so if she cooperates. Mandy agrees. David Palmer hesitates after learning that she was behind the assassination attempt on his life from Season 2, but eventually agrees to grant the pardon. Mandy's record is now clean, and her whereabouts are unknown. Despite her small number of appearances, the Mandy character",
"title": "Mandy (24 character)"
},
{
"id": "3000402",
"text": "film, the Disney comedy \"The Princess Diaries\" (2001). Hathaway made a transition to adult roles with the 2005 dramas \"Havoc\" and \"Brokeback Mountain\". The comedy film \"The Devil Wears Prada\" (2006), in which she played an assistant to a fashion magazine editor, was her biggest commercial success to that point. She played a recovering alcoholic in the drama \"Rachel Getting Married\" (2008), which garnered her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She followed this with roles in the commercially successful romantic films \"Bride Wars\" (2009), \"Valentine's Day\" (2010) and \"Love & Other Drugs\" (2010). In 2012, Hathaway",
"title": "Anne Hathaway"
},
{
"id": "1489140",
"text": "Roger Moore Sir Roger George Moore (14 October 1927 – 23 May 2017) was an English actor. He is best known for having played Ian Fleming's fictional British secret agent James Bond in seven feature films from 1973 to 1985. Moore took over the role of Bond from Sean Connery in 1972, made his first appearance as 007 in \"Live and Let Die\" (1973), and went on to portray the spy in six more films until his retirement from the role in 1985. Appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1991, Moore was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 2003 for",
"title": "Roger Moore"
},
{
"id": "3000409",
"text": "Three days after her performance at Carnegie Hall, Hathaway was cast in the short-lived Fox television series \"Get Real\". Hathaway played the teenager Meghan Green alongside Jon Tenney, Debrah Farentino and Jesse Eisenberg. Despite her early success, Hathaway suffered from depression and anxiety as a teenager; she says she has since grown from it. She missed her first college semester for the filming of her cinematic debut \"The Princess Diaries\" (2001). She says she never regretted not finishing her degree, as she enjoyed being with others who \"were trying to grow up\". The comedy \"The Princess Diaries\" and the adventure",
"title": "Anne Hathaway"
},
{
"id": "7427608",
"text": "was originally going to be Tony's Season 7 accomplice before the character Cara Bowden was created. Before Season 8, Fury also noted that Mandy, along with Charles Logan and Tony Almeida, could possibly return in Season 8. After the series finale aired, when asked about a possible Mandy return in season 8, Howard Gordon said, \"Mandy always came up a bunch of times, but unfortunately, it felt like a sensational move. We chose not to go down that path.\" Mandy (24 character) Mandy is a fictional character, played by Mia Kirshner, on the television series \"24\". She is a terrorist",
"title": "Mandy (24 character)"
},
{
"id": "6552501",
"text": "MTV and the song was also featured on the soundtrack to the film \"Center Stage\" The video shows a 16-year-old Mandy in a dance studio singing to her love interest, who was played by Sascha Radetsky from the movie. \"I Wanna Be With You\" is the last song by Moore to chart so far on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Mandy continued her success in Australia with the following two singles, \"In My Pocket\" and \"Crush\" from her follow-up album of 2001, \"Mandy Moore\". Australian CD Single Single Pt.1 12\" Single Center Stage Soundtrack UK Maxi CD Single Brazil Maxi CD",
"title": "I Wanna Be with You (Mandy Moore song)"
},
{
"id": "2295473",
"text": "list of \"100 Greatest Women in Music\" as well as number 63 on their \"Sexiest Artists of All Time List\". Mandy Moore Amanda Leigh \"Mandy\" Moore (born April 10, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. In 1999, Moore signed with Epic Records and came to fame with the release of her debut single \"Candy\", which peaked at number 41 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Her debut studio album, \"So Real\" (1999), went on to receive a platinum certification from the RIAA. The title single from her second studio album, \"I Wanna Be With You\" (2000), became Moore's first top",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "6118372",
"text": "movie featured the couple stargazing and Moore's character Jamie Sullivan believed that when she would look through a telescope at the stars she can see into Heaven. Landon Carter (West's character) looks through the telescope and can see a now passed Jamie in Heaven. As the video comes to a climax, there is an explosion and stars shoot from behind Moore. The video also shows West looking at random video clips of him and Moore. The video was not a huge success on MTV like her prior video \"Crush\". The music video is included on \"A Walk to Remember\" DVD",
"title": "Cry (Mandy Moore song)"
},
{
"id": "14957788",
"text": "Whitney Able Whitney Nees Able (born June 2, 1982) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her roles in \"All the Boys Love Mandy Lane\" and \"Monsters\", and has been featured in \"Maxim\" magazine. Whitney Able was born in Houston, Texas. She has two brothers. She has lived in Spain and Mexico and is fond of the Spanish language. Whitney Able's acting career started with a role in the low-budget film \"Age of Kali\" in 2005. She then portrayed Eve in the film \"Dead Lenny\", which was released direct-to-DVD in 2006. She then gained a role",
"title": "Whitney Able"
},
{
"id": "6545388",
"text": "became an even more disappointing single with charts. The \"Crush\" music video was directed by Chris Applebaum and edited by Nabil Mechi. On September 10, 2001, it became Moore's first video to reach the number-one spot on MTV's countdown show \"Total Request Live\". In the video, Moore sits in her crush's room and tries to wake him up. She performs with her band in another room. The video ends with Moore wearing a replica of the jacket Michael Jackson wears in the \"Thriller\" music video. The third and final single, \"Cry\", was given a limited release to promote Moore's romantic",
"title": "Mandy Moore (album)"
},
{
"id": "10032043",
"text": "Hard\", \"Ratatouille\", and \"Transformers\", which opened at the top spot. As of November 11, 2007, \"License to Wed\" had grossed $43.8 million domestically and $70.2 million worldwide, both career highs for Mandy Moore as a lead actress, and a box office success after a $35 million reported budget. License to Wed License to Wed is a 2007 American romantic comedy film starring Robin Williams, Mandy Moore and John Krasinski, and directed by Ken Kwapis. The film was released in theaters on July 3, 2007. Sadie Jones (Mandy Moore) has always longed to marry the man of her dreams in her",
"title": "License to Wed"
},
{
"id": "6740876",
"text": "at Hollyoaks for 10 years and I always knew I would know when I was ready to leave [...] I probably decided I wanted to leave a couple of years before I did but with the storylines it took another two years. By then, I had completely made up my mind. If I didn't move on then I would never have left\". The actress also revealed that she told producers she did not want Mandy to be killed off as she felt it would have been \"ridiculous\" due to the deaths a large number of her on-screen family. In 2007,",
"title": "Mandy Richardson"
},
{
"id": "6118370",
"text": "Walk to Remember\" but was an MTV favorite and did well overseas. Because the song was set to be released around the same time as the film and the two were remarkably similar in story line, Moore felt that \"Cry\" would be perfect to be included in the film's soundtrack. The song is one of Moore's favorites on the album.<br>Moore stated in a \"Billboard\" interview that she carried around a copy of the song for over a year before she recorded it. \"It felt like my ace in the hole. It's such a beautiful song on every level. I couldn't",
"title": "Cry (Mandy Moore song)"
},
{
"id": "14957789",
"text": "in the pilot of the TV show \"Secrets of a Small Town\"; however the show was not picked up by American Broadcasting Company. She also had a role on the ABC show \"Rodney\". Able's breakout role was in the 2006 horror film \"All the Boys Love Mandy Lane\", portraying the bitchy but also sympathetic cheerleader Chloe. The film co-starred Amber Heard and received mixed reviews from critics. Able then appeared in guest roles in television series including \"\", \"Cold Case\". Her next film role came in Emmanuelle Vaugier's horror vehicle \"Unearthed\", in which she plays Ally. The film was one",
"title": "Whitney Able"
},
{
"id": "2295421",
"text": "began working on music by herself. One day, while working in an Orlando studio, she was overheard by Victor Cade, a FedEx delivery man who had a friend in A&R at Epic Records. Cade later sent this friend a copy of Moore's unfinished demo, and Moore signed on with the label. After signing with Epic Records, Moore began working on her debut album. While recording the album, Moore had to leave Bishop Moore Catholic High School when she was only in the ninth-grade, but continued receiving her education from tutors. In the summer of 1999, Moore began touring with the",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "9189942",
"text": "Caruth-Reilly' in the ABC comedy-drama series \"GCB\", along with Leslie Bibb, Kristin Chenoweth, Annie Potts, Jennifer Aspen and Marisol Nichols but the series was canceled after one season. Later in 2012 Shor was cast in a recurring role as dogged reporter Mandy Post in season four of \"The Good Wife\". In 2014, Shor was cast as a series regular in the TV Land single-camera comedy pilot \"Younger\", produced by Darren Star, and starring Sutton Foster. The network ordered the show on April 14, 2014, and season one premiered on March 31, 2015. On April 21, 2015, TV Land announced that",
"title": "Miriam Shor"
},
{
"id": "5579274",
"text": "directed by Michael Winterbottom, her first breakthrough role in UK television was playing Mandy Dingle in \"Emmerdale\" over a period of seven and a half years. In 1996, Riley won the National Television Awards for \"Most popular newcomer\" for her work in Emmerdale. Riley was noted for playing the role of Princess Jean in the CITV Awards 1997. Riley went on then to present \"You've Been Framed\" from 1998 to 2002, taking over from the former presenter, Jeremy Beadle and raising viewers figures to more than 13 million at its peak in the process. In 1999, Riley appeared in \"Put",
"title": "Lisa Riley"
},
{
"id": "287909",
"text": "attempt of her surviving son, played by Timothy Hutton who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the film. Despite that success, Moore's only two films in the next fifteen years were the poorly received \"Six Weeks\" (1982) and \"Just Between Friends\" (1986). In 1996 she made her return to films with the independent hit \"Flirting with Disaster\". Moore appeared in the television movie \"Run a Crooked Mile\" (1969), and after the conclusion of her series in 1977, she starred in several prominent movies for television, including \"First, You Cry\" (1978), which brought her an",
"title": "Mary Tyler Moore"
},
{
"id": "6740856",
"text": "This led to the character and Dunn's exit from the serial in 2006. Dunn made a brief return in 2007 before making a return for six months in 2008. Dunn again returned as Mandy in 2010 in a storyline which also saw the return of Warren Fox (Jamie Lomas). In September 2011, Dunn announced her departure from the show and Mandy made her last appearance on 2 September 2011 before departing off-screen. Dunn later returned to her role in the sixth series of \"Hollyoaks Later\" in October 2013. In June 2017, it was announced that Dunn had reprised the role",
"title": "Mandy Richardson"
},
{
"id": "849291",
"text": "guests at the Queen's Golden Jubilee Hollywood party held at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel. She also appears at No.59 on the 2002 poll of the \"100 Greatest Britons\" sponsored by the BBC and chosen by the British public. In 2001, Andrews received Kennedy Center Honors. The same year, she reunited with \"Sound of Music\" co-star Christopher Plummer in a live television performance of \"On Golden Pond\" (an adaptation of the 1979 play). In 2001, Andrews appeared in \"The Princess Diaries\", her first Disney film since \"Mary Poppins\" (1964). She starred as Queen Clarisse Marie Renaldi and reprised the role in",
"title": "Julie Andrews"
},
{
"id": "6185654",
"text": "Jagger's breakup with Marianne Faithfull. The fictional character of Mandy, portrayed by Toni Collette in the movie \"Velvet Goldmine\", was based upon Angie Bowie. Angie Bowie Angela Bowie (born Mary Angela Barnett; September 25, 1949) is an American model, actress and journalist who, along with her ex-husband David Bowie, influenced the glam rock culture and fashion of the 1970s, in part by demonstrating openness about personal bisexuality. She was married to English singer David Bowie (whom she assisted in conceptualizing the costumes for the Ziggy Stardust stage show) from 1970 until their divorce in 1980. The couple had one child,",
"title": "Angie Bowie"
},
{
"id": "2295464",
"text": "seventh album. \"I've been working on music steadily for the last couple of years,\" she explained. \"I guess 2016 will be the re-emergence of my music. That side of my life has been dormant for too long in my opinion.\" Moore has been co-starring as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family drama \"This Is Us\" since September 2016, where she received a Golden Globe Award nomination for her role. In July 2017, Moore announced her intentions to return to music in \"People.\" She said, \"I want to return to music\" and that \"I don't have a record label, but I",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "9611928",
"text": "the family's new home. \"Billboard\" magazine said that \"Moore's once-girlish vocals now project a richer, more purposeful texture, well-suited to the autobiographical theme...\". The music video premiered on Yahoo! Music and MTV's \"Total Request Live\" on May 7, 2007. It was filmed in March and features Moore playing a variety of different characters, including Amelia Earhart (at the top). In the video, the numerous Moores are stacked on top of each other, and in the background the scene is changing from a city to clouds to show the height of the characters on top of each other. Moore's last character",
"title": "Extraordinary (Mandy Moore song)"
}
] | who did mandy moore play in princess diaries |
|
| [
{
"id": "1315063",
"text": "The Cat in the Hat The Cat in the Hat is a children's book written and illustrated by Theodor Geisel under the pen name Dr. Seuss and first published in 1957. The story centers on a tall anthropomorphic cat, who wears a red and white-striped hat and a red bow tie. The Cat shows up at the house of Sally and her brother one rainy day when their mother is away. Despite the repeated objections of the children's fish, the Cat shows the children a few of his tricks in an attempt to entertain them. In the process he and",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "7616660",
"text": "script would be originally based on a story conceived by Allen, who admitted that as a child he was afraid of Seuss' \"mischievous feline\" babysitter. Allen stated, \"My dream is to give it the edge that scared me.\" However, producers did not commission a screenplay until late February 2001, when Alec Berg, Jeff Schaffer, and Dave Mandel (who were also writers on \"Seinfeld\") were hired to write the script (replacing the original draft of the film that was written a few years before penned by Eric Roth), so the film would not be ready to shoot before the deadline. Allen",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "1315075",
"text": "According to the story Geisel told most often, he was so frustrated with the word list that William Spaulding had given him that he finally decided to scan the list and create a story out of the first two words he found that rhymed. The words he found were \"cat\" and \"hat\". Near the end of his life, Geisel told his biographers, Judith and Neil Morgan, that he conceived the beginnings of the story while he was with Spaulding, in an elevator in the Houghton Mifflin offices in Boston. It was an old, shuddering elevator and was operated by a",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315086",
"text": "of all time. As of 2007, more than 10 million copies of \"The Cat in the Hat\" have been printed, and it has been translated into more than 12 different languages, including Latin, under the title \"Cattus Petasatus\". In 2007, on the occasion of the book's fiftieth anniversary, Random House released \"The Annotated Cat: Under the Hats of Seuss and His Cats\", which includes both \"The Cat in the Hat\" and its sequel, with annotations and an introduction by Philip Nel. The book was published to immediate critical acclaim. Some reviewers praised the book as an exciting way to learn",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315107",
"text": "November 2001, but eventually became a staple in regional and school theaters. A ride at Universal Studios' Islands of Adventure park in Orlando, Florida, has a \"Cat in the Hat\" theme. In 1997, the book was made into a Living Books adaption for the PC and then, there were similar differences to reflect the new media such as Conrad sings his lines at the subtitles of the story as the narrator in the rainy day. The Cat in the Hat The Cat in the Hat is a children's book written and illustrated by Theodor Geisel under the pen name Dr.",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315082",
"text": "his work and life. As Robert L. Bernstein later said of that period, \"The more I saw of him, the more he liked being in that room and creating all by himself.\" Pease points to Helen's recovery from Guillain–Barré syndrome, which she was diagnosed with in 1954, as the marker for this change. Geisel agreed to write \"The Cat in the Hat\" at the request of William Spaulding of Houghton Mifflin; however, because Geisel was under contract with Random House, the head of Random House, Bennett Cerf, made a deal with Houghton Mifflin. Random House retained the rights to trade",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315065",
"text": "education division at Houghton Mifflin. However, because Geisel was already under contract with Random House, the two publishers agreed to a deal: Houghton Mifflin published the education edition, which was sold to schools, and Random House published the trade edition, which was sold in bookstores. Geisel gave varying accounts of how he created \"The Cat in the Hat\", but in the version he told most often he was so frustrated with the word list from which he could choose words to write his story that he decided to scan the list and create a story based on the first two",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315064",
"text": "his companions, Thing One and Thing Two, wreck the house. The children and the fish become more and more alarmed until the Cat produces a machine that he uses to clean everything up and disappears just before the children's mother comes home. Geisel created the book in response to a debate in the United States about literacy in early childhood and the ineffectiveness of traditional primers such as those featuring Dick and Jane. Geisel was asked to write a more entertaining primer by William Spaulding, whom he had met during World War II and who was then director of the",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315098",
"text": "Cat in the Hat\" is the book that made Dr. Seuss famous. Without \"The Cat\", Seuss would have remained a minor light in the history of children's literature.\" Donald Pease concurs, writing, \"\"The Cat in the Hat\" is the classic in the archive of Dr. Seuss stories for which it serves as a cornerstone and a linchpin. Before writing it Geisel was better known for the 'Quick, Henry, the Flit!' ad campaign than for his nine children's books.\" The publication and popularity of the book thrust Geisel into the center of the United States literacy debate, what Pease called \"the",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315066",
"text": "words he found that rhymed. The words he found were \"cat\" and \"hat\". The book was met with immediate critical and commercial success. Reviewers praised it as an exciting alternative to traditional primers. Three years after its debut, the book had already sold over a million copies, and in 2001 \"Publishers Weekly\" listed the book at number nine on its list of best-selling children's books of all time. The book's success led to the creation of Beginner Books, a publishing house centered on producing similar books for young children learning to read. In 1983, Geisel said, \"It is the book",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315085",
"text": "there were a lot of Dick and Jane devotees, and my book was considered too fresh and irreverent. But Bennett Cerf at Random House had asked for trade rights, and it just took off in the bookstores.\" Geisel told the Morgans, \"Parents understood better than school people the necessity for this kind of reader.\" After three years in print, \"The Cat in the Hat\" had sold nearly one million copies. By then, the book had been translated into French, Chinese, Swedish, and Braille. In 2001, \"Publishers Weekly\" placed it at number nine on its list of the best-selling children's books",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "7616665",
"text": "with the cartoon-like sky and colors of the background had to be digitally fixed. The soundtrack was released on November 18, 2003. Originally, Marc Shaiman was going to compose the score for the film, but David Newman was already chosen for the film score, leaving Shaiman in charge of writing the film's songs with Scott Wittman. A song by Smash Mouth (\"Getting Better\") and (\"Hang “), making it the third Mike Myers-starring film in a row to feature a song by Smash Mouth after \"Shrek\" (2001) and \"Austin Powers in Goldmember\" (2002). The soundtrack also includes a couple of songs",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "7616650",
"text": "The Cat in the Hat (film) The Cat in the Hat (also known as Dr. Seuss' The Cat in the Hat) is a 2003 American fantasy comedy film directed by Bo Welch in his directorial debut and based on Dr. Seuss’s book of the same name. Starring Mike Myers, Dakota Fanning, Spencer Breslin, Alec Baldwin and Kelly Preston, it is the second feature-length Dr. Seuss adaptation after the 2000 film \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\". The idea was originally conceived in 2001 with Tim Allen initially cast as the Cat, but he dropped his role due to work on \"The",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "17011113",
"text": "A Political Fable A Political Fable is a 1980 novella by Robert Coover. It was originally published, in slightly different form, in \"New American Review\" in 1968, under the title \"The Cat in the Hat for President\" and re-released under that same title in 2017. Coover wrote the story during the time he wrote \"The Public Burning\", and finished it in 1967. He submitted the story to his editor Hal Scharlatt at Random House. Random House was also the publisher of Dr. Seuss and this parody of one of their most important authors and characters was strongly rejected: Coover was",
"title": "A Political Fable"
},
{
"id": "7616651",
"text": "Santa Clause 2\" and the role was later given to Myers. Filming took place in California for three months. While the basic plot parallels that of the book, the film filled out its 82 minutes by adding new subplots and characters significantly different from the original story similar to \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\". Released theatrically on November 21, 2003 in the United States, the film grossed $134 million worldwide against a budget of $109 million, but was panned by critics largely for its family-unfriendly humor and innuendos while the visual aspects were mostly praised. Following the film's release, Seuss'",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "1315074",
"text": "read, and Spaulding provided Geisel with a similar list. Geisel later told biographers Judith and Neil Morgan that Spaulding had supplied him with a list of 348 words that every six-year-old should know and insisted that the book's vocabulary be limited to 225 words. However, according to Philip Nel, Geisel gave varying numbers in interviews from 1964 to 1969. He variously claimed that he could use between 200 and 250 words from a list of between 300 and 400; the finished book contains 236 different words. Geisel gave varying accounts of how he conceived of \"The Cat in the Hat\".",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315083",
"text": "sales, which encompassed copies of the book sold at book stores, while Houghton Mifflin retained the education rights, which encompassed copies sold to schools. The Houghton Mifflin edition was released in January or February 1957, and the Random House edition was released on March 1. The two editions featured different covers but were otherwise identical. The first edition can be identified by the \"200/200\" mark in the top right corner of the front dust jacket flap, signifying the $2.00 selling price. The price was reduced to $1.95 on later editions. According to Judith and Neil Morgan, the book sold well",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "7540318",
"text": "Beginner Books Beginner Books is the Random House imprint for young children ages 3–9, co-founded by Phyllis Cerf with Ted Geisel, more often known as Dr. Seuss, and his wife Helen Palmer Geisel. Their first book was Dr. Seuss's \"The Cat in the Hat\" (1957). Cerf compiled a list of 379 words as the basic vocabulary for young readers, along with another twenty slightly harder \"emergency\" words. No more than 200 words were taken from that list to write \"The Cat in the Hat\". Subsequent books in the series were modeled on the same requirement. Beginner Books had only four",
"title": "Beginner Books"
},
{
"id": "7616659",
"text": "was willing to do anything to bring them to the screen.\" Grazer contacted Bo Welch over the phone with the offer to direct the film, and he accepted. When production began, songs written by Randy Newman were dropped because they were deemed inferior. Newman's cousin, David Newman, composed the score for the film. Although Welch and a publicist for Myers denied it, several people said Myers had considerable input into the film's direction, telling some of the cast (co-stars Baldwin and Preston) how to perform their scenes. Tim Allen was originally planned to play the role of the Cat. The",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "1315081",
"text": "he discovered that it \"couldn't have \"legs\" or a \"beak\" or a \"tail\". Neither a \"left\" foot or a \"right\" foot.\" On his approach to writing \"The Cat in the Hat\" he wrote, \"The method I used is the same method you use when you sit down to make apple stroodle [sic] without stroodles.\" Geisel variously stated that the book took between nine and 18 months to create. Donald Pease notes that he worked on it primarily alone, unlike with previous books, which had been more collaborative efforts between Geisel and his wife, Helen. This marked a general trend in",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315079",
"text": "When he did finally finish the book and showed it to his nephew, Norval had already graduated from the first grade and was learning calculus. Philip Nel notes, in his dissection of the article, that Norval was Geisel's invention. Geisel's niece, Peggy Owens, did have a son, but he was only a one-year-old when the article was published. In \"How Orlo Got His Book\", he described Orlo, a fictional, archetypal young child who was turned off of reading by the poor selection of simple reading material. To save Orlo the frustration, Geisel decided to write a book for children like",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315104",
"text": "the cat manages to clean up the mess.\" In 1999, the United States Postal Service issued a stamp featuring the Cat in the Hat. \"The Cat in the Hat\"s popularity also led to increased popularity and exposure for Geisel's previous children's books. For example, 1940's \"Horton Hatches the Egg\" had sold 5,801 copies in its opening year and 1,645 the following year. In 1958, the year after the publication of \"The Cat in the Hat\", 27,643 copies of \"Horton\" were sold, and by 1960 the book had sold a total of over 200,000 copies. \"The Cat in the Hat\" has",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315077",
"text": "November 17, 1957. In \"My Hassle with the First Grade Language\", he wrote about his proposal to a \"distinguished schoolbook publisher\" to write a book for young children about \"scaling the peaks of Everest at 60 degrees below\". The publisher was intrigued but informed him that, because of the word list, \"you can't use the word \"scaling\". You can't use the word \"peaks\". You can't use \"Everest\". You can't use \"60\". You can't use \"degrees\". You can't...\" Geisel gave a similar account to Robert Cahn for an article in the July 6, 1957, edition of \"The Saturday Evening Post\". In",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "17523279",
"text": "Marion Holland Marion Holland (July 17, 1908 – April 6, 1989) was an American children's book writer and illustrator from Washington, DC. Holland's best-known books were \"A Big Ball of String\"; \"No Children, No Pets\"; \"Billy Had a System\"; and \"The Secret Horse.\" \"A Big Ball of String\" (1958), which sold more than a million copies, was one of the six original Beginner Books published by Random House, along with \"The Cat in the Hat\" by Dr. Seuss. Holland was born July 17, 1908, in Washington, D.C. Holland graduated from Central High School and Swarthmore College. She had five children.",
"title": "Marion Holland"
},
{
"id": "1315090",
"text": "Seuss books on the list. It was awarded the Early Readers BILBY Award in 2004 and 2012. The book's fiftieth anniversary in 2007 prompted a reevaluation of the book from some critics. Yvonne Coppard, reviewing the fiftieth anniversary edition in \"Carousel\" magazine, wondered if the popularity of the Cat and his \"delicious naughty behavior\" will endure another fifty years. Coppard wrote, \"The innocent ignorance of bygone days has given way to an all-embracing, almost paranoid awareness of child protection issues. And here we have the mysterious stranger who comes in, uninvited, while your mother is out.\" Philip Nel places the",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315101",
"text": "for the series, including \"The Cat in the Hat Comes Back\" (1958), \"Green Eggs and Ham\" (1960), \"Hop on Pop\" (1963), and \"Fox in Socks\" (1965). He initially used word lists of limited vocabularies to create these books, as he had with \"The Cat in the Hat\", but moved away from the lists as he came to believe \"that a child could learn any amount of words if fed them slowly and if the books were amply illustrated\". Other authors also contributed notable books to the series, including \"A Fly Went By\" (1958), \"Sam and the Firefly\" (1958), \"Go, Dog.",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "115611",
"text": "later became its chairman), and he compiled a list of 348 words that he felt were important for first-graders to recognize. He asked Geisel to cut the list to 250 words and to write a book using only those words. Spaulding challenged Geisel to \"bring back a book children can't put down\". Nine months later, Geisel completed \"The Cat in the Hat\", using 236 of the words given to him. It retained the drawing style, verse rhythms, and all the imaginative power of Geisel's earlier works but, because of its simplified vocabulary, it could be read by beginning readers. \"The",
"title": "Dr. Seuss"
},
{
"id": "1315100",
"text": "directly to the creation of Beginner Books, a publishing house centered on producing books like \"The Cat in the Hat\" for beginning readers. According to Judith and Neil Morgan, when the book caught the attention of Phyllis Cerf, the wife of Geisel's publisher, Bennett Cerf, she arranged for a meeting with Geisel, where the two agreed to create Beginner Books. Geisel became the president and editor, and the Cat in the Hat served as their mascot. Geisel's wife, Helen, was made third partner. Random House served as distributor until 1960, when Random House purchased Beginner Books. Geisel wrote multiple books",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "7616674",
"text": "5, 2003, and PC on November 9, 2003, shortly before the film's theatrical release. A version for the Nintendo GameCube was planned to be released, but it was later cancelled. The Cat in the Hat game received mixed reviews (except for the PC version, which received negative reviews). The Cat in the Hat (film) The Cat in the Hat (also known as Dr. Seuss' The Cat in the Hat) is a 2003 American fantasy comedy film directed by Bo Welch in his directorial debut and based on Dr. Seuss’s book of the same name. Starring Mike Myers, Dakota Fanning, Spencer",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "13423886",
"text": "of \"Redbook\" magazine. Dr. Seuss began work on \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\" a couple of years later, around the beginning of 1957. He had recently completed \"The Cat in the Hat\" and was in the midst of founding Beginner Books with Phyllis and Bennett Cerf and his wife, Helen Palmer Geisel. Helen, who had ongoing medical problems and had suffered a small stroke in April 1957, nevertheless acted as an unofficial editor, as she had with previous Dr. Seuss books. Dr. Seuss wrote the book quickly and was mostly finished with it within a few weeks. Biographers Judith and",
"title": "How the Grinch Stole Christmas!"
},
{
"id": "1315067",
"text": "I'm proudest of because it had something to do with the death of the Dick and Jane primers.\" The book was adapted into a 1971 animated television special and a 2003 live-action film. The story begins as a girl named Sally and her brother, who serves as the narrator of the book, sit alone in their house on a cold, rainy day, staring wistfully out the window. Then they hear a loud bump which is quickly followed by the arrival of the Cat in the Hat, a tall anthropomorphic cat in a red and white striped hat and a red",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315089",
"text": "Heloise P. Mailloux wrote in \"The Horn Book Magazine\", \"This is a fine book for remedial purposes, but self-conscious children often refuse material if its seems meant for younger children.\" She felt that the book's limited vocabulary kept it from reaching \"the absurd excellence of early Seuss books\". Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association named \"The Cat in the Hat\" one of its \"Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children\". In 2012 it was ranked number 36 among the \"Top 100 Picture Books\" in a survey published by \"School Library Journal\" – the third of five Dr.",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315070",
"text": "he has made. But the Cat soon returns, riding a machine that picks everything up and cleans the house, delighting the fish and the children. The Cat then leaves just before their mother arrives, and the fish and the children are back where they started at the beginning of the story. As she steps in, the mother asks the children what they did while she was out, but the children are hesitant and do not answer. The story ends with the question, \"What would \"you\" do if your mother asked \"you\"?\" Theodor Geisel, writing as Dr. Seuss, created \"The Cat",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "7616661",
"text": "was also committed to shooting Disney's \"The Santa Clause 2\", which was also delayed because Allen wanted a script rewrite. Due to a scheduling conflict with \"The Santa Clause 2\", he dropped out his role. In March 2002, the role of the Cat was given to Mike Myers, even though he had an argument with Grazer about starring in a cancelled film based on his \"Saturday Night Live\" sketch \"Dieter\". Myers stated in an interview that he was a long-time fan of the original Dr. Seuss book, and that it was the first book he ever read. Makeup for the",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "2919988",
"text": "The Cat in the Hat Comes Back The Cat in the Hat Comes Back is a children's book written and illustrated by Dr. Seuss and published by Random House in 1958. The book is a sequel to \"The Cat in the Hat\". Once again, Sally and her brother are being left home alone for the day, but this time, their mother has left them with instructions to clear away a large amount of snow while she is out for the day. However, they are soon interrupted in their work by the arrival of the Cat in the Hat. Sally warns",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat Comes Back"
},
{
"id": "2905620",
"text": "in 1998. It was covered by Go West, Phyllis Hyman, and Boyz II Men, and has been sampled by Tupac Shakur. It was also covered by Elliott Yamin during the fifth season of \"American Idol\" in 2006. The debut album was followed by \"Cat in the Hat\" (1980) and \"Carry On\" (1982). For the latter album, Caldwell played all the instruments, was the producer, and helped with arranging and mixing. In 1983, Caldwell released \"August Moon\" only in Japan. It was released in the United States in the 1990s. Singer Boz Scaggs advised Caldwell to write songs for other musicians",
"title": "Bobby Caldwell"
},
{
"id": "7616666",
"text": "performed by Mike Myers (the role of the Cat). Newman's score won a BMI Film Music Award. \"The Cat in the Hat\" was released on VHS and DVD on March 16, 2004. It features 16 deleted scenes, 20 outtake scenes, almost a dozen featurettes, and a \"Dance with the Cat\" tutorial to teach kids a Cat in the Hat dance. On February 7, 2012, the film was released on Blu-ray. \"The Cat in the Hat\" opened theatrically on November 21, 2003 and earned $38,329,160 in its opening weekend, ranking first in the North American box office. The film ended its",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "115612",
"text": "Cat in the Hat\" and subsequent books written for young children achieved significant international success and they remain very popular today. In 2009, \"Green Eggs and Ham\" sold 540,366 copies, \"The Cat in the Hat\" sold 452,258 copies, and \"One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish\" (1960) sold 409,068 copies—outselling the majority of newly published children's books. Geisel went on to write many other children's books, both in his new simplified-vocabulary manner (sold as Beginner Books) and in his older, more elaborate style. In 1956, Dartmouth awarded Geisel with an honorary doctorate, finally justifying the \"Dr.\" in his pen",
"title": "Dr. Seuss"
},
{
"id": "1315106",
"text": "script, with Chris Meledandri as producer, and Audrey Geisel as the executive producer. However, the project never came to fruition. On January 24, 2018, it was announced that Warner Animation Group was in development of a different animated \"Cat in the Hat\" film as part of a creative partnership with Seuss Enterprises. In 2009, the Royal National Theatre created a stage version of the book, adapted and directed by Katie Mitchell. \"Seussical\", a musical adaptation that incorporates aspects of many Dr. Seuss works, features the Cat in the Hat as narrator. The musical received weak reviews when it opened, in",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1606758",
"text": "the International Spy Museum. According to a postwar study of the \"Snafu\" cartoons, the wartime experiences of authors Theodor Geisel (Dr. Seuss), Philip D. Eastman, and Munro Leaf shaped their successful postwar children's books, especially the use of simple language, and some of the themes. Dr. Seuss wrote \"The Cat in the Hat\" (1957) because Geisel believed the widely used Dick and Jane primers were too boring to encourage children to read. Geisel, Eastman, and Leaf authored books designed to promote personal responsibility, conservation, and respect for multiculturalism, while teaching and accepting the reality of sex differences. Some racial characterisations",
"title": "Private Snafu"
},
{
"id": "2919993",
"text": "Cat in the Hat Comes Back\". However, due to negative reception, Theodore Geisel's widow, Audrey Geisel, decided to not allow any future live-action adaptions of her husband's works and the plans for the sequel were cancelled. The book has included other stories, Fox in Socks & There's a Wocket in My Pocket. The Cat in the Hat Comes Back The Cat in the Hat Comes Back is a children's book written and illustrated by Dr. Seuss and published by Random House in 1958. The book is a sequel to \"The Cat in the Hat\". Once again, Sally and her brother",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat Comes Back"
},
{
"id": "1315076",
"text": "\"small, stooped woman wearing 'a leather half-glove and a secret smile'\". Anita Silvey, recounting a similar story, described the woman as \"a very elegant, very petite African-American woman named Annie Williams\". Geisel told Silvey that, when he sketched the Cat in the Hat, he thought of Williams and gave the character Williams' white gloves and \"sly, even foxy smile\". Geisel gave two conflicting, partly fictionalized accounts of the book's creation in two articles, \"How Orlo Got His Book\" in \"The New York Times Book Review\" and \"My Hassle with the First Grade Language\" in the \"Chicago Tribune\", both published on",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315073",
"text": "division. Spaulding had also read the best-selling 1955 book \"Why Johnny Can't Read\" by Rudolf Flesch. Flesch, like Hersey, criticized primers as boring but also criticized them for teaching reading through word recognition rather than phonics. In 1955, Spaulding invited Geisel to dinner in Boston where he proposed that Geisel create a book \"for six- and seven-year-olds who had already mastered the basic mechanics of reading\". He reportedly challenged, \"Write me a story that first-graders can't put down!\" At the back of \"Why Johnny Can't Read\", Flesch had included 72 lists of words that young children should be able to",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "16822972",
"text": "one of the panels, two white men are examining black men with pitch-black skin and big red lips, and there is a sign reading, \"Take home a high grade nigger for your woodpile! Satisfaction guaranteed.\" \"The Cat in the Hat\" was written as a challenge in 1954 in response to an article in \"Life\" magazine that claimed that widespread illiteracy was caused by children being bored with books. The book had an underlying theme that endorsed rebellion in children. According to H. Burdorff in \"Subversive Seuss\", Dr. Seuss continued to champion progressive ideals in the sequel to \"The Cat in",
"title": "Political messages of Dr. Seuss"
},
{
"id": "1315102",
"text": "Go!\" (1961), and \"The Big Honey Hunt\" (1962). The book, or elements of it, has been mentioned multiple times in United States politics. The image of the Cat balancing many objects on his body while in turn balancing himself on a ball has been included in political cartoons and articles. Political caricaturists have portrayed both Bill Clinton and George W. Bush in this way. In 2004, \"MAD\" magazine published \"The Strange Similarities Between the Bush Administration and the World of Dr. Seuss\", an article which matched quotes from White House officials to excerpts taken from Dr. Seuss books, and in",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "9143685",
"text": "song parodies, however only Seuss is credited. The Cat in the Hat (TV special) The Cat in the Hat is an American animated musical television special first aired on CBS on July 4, 1971, based on the 1957 Dr. Seuss children's book of the same name, and produced by DePatie–Freleng Enterprises. With voices by Allan Sherman and prolific vocal performer Daws Butler, this half-hour special is a loose adaptation with added musical sequences. As the story opens, it is too rainy and cold to play outside, so Sally and Conrad sit bored and look out the window. Their mom announces",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (TV special)"
},
{
"id": "115609",
"text": "Circus\" (1956), \"The Cat in the Hat\" (1957), \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\" (1957), and \"Green Eggs and Ham\" (1960). He received numerous awards throughout his career, but he won neither the Caldecott Medal nor the Newbery Medal. Three of his titles from this period were, however, chosen as Caldecott runners-up (now referred to as Caldecott Honor books): \"McElligot's Pool\" (1947), \"Bartholomew and the Oobleck\" (1949), and \"If I Ran the Zoo\" (1950). Dr Seuss also wrote the musical and fantasy film \"The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T.\", which was released in 1953. The movie was a critical and financial",
"title": "Dr. Seuss"
},
{
"id": "7616672",
"text": "entail taking liberties and making broad interpretations. The film also received three nominations at the Hollywood Makeup & Hairstylists Guild Awards. On the day of the film's release, Mike Myers stated in an interview that he expected a sequel where the kids meet the Cat again, since there was a sequel to the book. A sequel based on \"The Cat in the Hat Comes Back\" was in development just over a month before the film's release. In February 2004, Dr. Seuss' widow, Audrey Geisel, said she would never allow any further live action adaptations of her husband's works. On March",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "1689030",
"text": "the genesis and destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto, the largest of the Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. The bestselling book won the National Jewish Book Award during the second year of that award's existence; it also received the Sidney Hillman Foundation Journalism Award. His article about the dullness of grammar school readers in a 1954 issue of \"Life\" magazine, \"Why Do Students Bog Down on First R? A Local Committee Sheds Light on a National Problem: Reading\" was the inspiration for Dr. Seuss's juvenile story \"The Cat in the Hat\". Further criticisms of the school system",
"title": "John Hersey"
},
{
"id": "1315105",
"text": "been adapted for various media, including theater, television, and film. The animated musical TV special premiered in 1971 and starred Allan Sherman as the Cat. In 2003, a live-action film adaptation was released, starring Mike Myers as the Cat. Boxoffice.com reports that the film grossed $133,960,541 worldwide on an estimated $109 million budget. In 2012, following the financial success of \"The Lorax\", the animated film adaptation of the Dr. Seuss book of the same name, Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment announced plans to produce a CGI adaptation of \"The Cat in the Hat\". Rob Lieber was set to write the",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1428693",
"text": "Saw It on Mulberry Street\". It was immediately successful, and Seuss followed up with \"The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins\" in 1938, followed by \"The King's Stilts\" in 1939, and \"Horton Hatches the Egg\" in 1940, all published by Random House. From 1947 to 1956 Seuss had twelve children's picture books published. Dr. Seuss created \"The Cat in the Hat\" in reaction to a Life magazine article by John Hersey in lamenting the unrealistic children in school primers books. Seuss rigidly limited himself to a small set of words from an elementary school vocabulary list, then crafted a story based",
"title": "Picture book"
},
{
"id": "1315093",
"text": "use of the term \"cat\" to refer to jazz musicians. According to Nel, \"Even as [Geisel] wrote books designed to challenge prejudice, he never fully shed the cultural assumptions he grew up with, and was likely unaware of the ways in which his visual imagination replicated the racial ideologies he consciously sought to reject.\" Geisel once called the fish \"my version of Cotton Mather\", the Puritan moralist who advised the prosecutors during the Salem witch trials. Betty Mensch and Alan Freeman support this view, writing, \"Drawing on old Christian symbolism (the fish was an ancient sign of Christianity) Dr. Seuss",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315099",
"text": "most important academic controversy\" of the Cold War era. Academic Louis Menand contends that \"\"The Cat in the Hat\" transformed the nature of primary education and the nature of children's books. It not only stood for the idea that reading ought to be taught by phonics; it also stood for the idea that language skills—and many other subjects—ought to be taught through illustrated storybooks, rather than primers and textbooks.\" In 1983, Geisel told Jonathan Cott, \"It is the book I'm proudest of because it had something to do with the death of the \"Dick and Jane\" primers.\" The book led",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "9143672",
"text": "The Cat in the Hat (TV special) The Cat in the Hat is an American animated musical television special first aired on CBS on July 4, 1971, based on the 1957 Dr. Seuss children's book of the same name, and produced by DePatie–Freleng Enterprises. With voices by Allan Sherman and prolific vocal performer Daws Butler, this half-hour special is a loose adaptation with added musical sequences. As the story opens, it is too rainy and cold to play outside, so Sally and Conrad sit bored and look out the window. Their mom announces her departure, tells them to have fun,",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (TV special)"
},
{
"id": "1315080",
"text": "Orlo but found the task \"not dissimilar to... being lost with a witch in a tunnel of love\". He tried to write a story called \"The Queen Zebra\" but found that both words did not appear on the list. In fact, like Geisel wrote in \"My Hassle with the First Grade Language\", the letters \"q\" and \"z\" did not appear on the list at all. He then tried to write a story about a bird, without using the word \"bird\" as it did not appear on the list. He decided to call it a \"wing thing\" instead but struggled as",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "115632",
"text": "his well-known pseudonym Dr. Seuss, though he also authored more than a dozen books as Theo LeSieg and one as Rosetta Stone. His books have topped many bestseller lists, sold over 600 million copies, and been translated into more than 20 languages. In 2000, \"Publishers Weekly\" compiled a list of the best-selling children's books of all time; of the top 100 hardcover books, 16 were written by Geisel, including \"Green Eggs and Ham\", at number 4, \"The Cat in the Hat\", at number 9, and \"One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish\", at number 13. In the years after",
"title": "Dr. Seuss"
},
{
"id": "2919992",
"text": "takes his hat off and unleashes a \"Voom\", which cleans up the spot, clears all the snow from the paths, and puts all of the Little Cats back into the Cat's hat. The Cat leaves, with the promise that he and the Little Cats, from A through Z, will return someday. The book ends in a burst of flamboyant versification, with the full list of little cats arranged into a metrically perfect rhymed quatrain, designed to teach the reader the alphabet. After the 2003 film adaption of the original story, it was planned to make a sequel based on \"The",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat Comes Back"
},
{
"id": "12430440",
"text": "sitcom which was created by Schaffer and his wife Jackie Schaffer. It is written and directed by Jeff Schaffer. Schaffer wrote and directed \"EuroTrip\", a 2004 teen comedy, and participated in the screenplay for the 2003 adaptation of the Dr. Seuss book \"The Cat in the Hat\". Other scripts he has helped write include two comedy features starring Sacha Baron Cohen, \"Brüno\" (2009) and \"The Dictator\" (2012). On the latter film, Alec Berg and David Mandel — former \"Seinfeld\" writers as well as friends and collaborators with Schaffer since college — also collaborated, and veteran \"Seinfeld\" writer and \"Curb Your",
"title": "Jeff Schaffer"
},
{
"id": "115595",
"text": "where he wrote, produced or animated many productions – both live-action and animated – including \"Design for Death\", which later won the 1947 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. After the war, Geisel returned to writing children's books, writing classics like \"If I Ran the Zoo\" (1950), \"Horton Hears a Who!\" (1955), \"If I Ran the Circus\" (1956), \"The Cat in the Hat\" (1957), \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas!\" (1957), and \"Green Eggs and Ham\" (1960). He published over 60 books during his career, which have spawned numerous adaptations, including 11 television specials, five feature films, a Broadway musical, and",
"title": "Dr. Seuss"
},
{
"id": "7616663",
"text": "had to emit from the eyes, head and fin motion. Sean Hayes, who provided the voice for the Fish, found the role significantly different from his usual on-camera jobs; he did not know how the final animation would look, and all of his work took place alone in a sound booth. Prior to filming, giant props for the film were stolen from the set. Local police found the props vandalized with graffiti in a mall car park in Pomona, California. Despite this, no arrests had been made and filming was to start the next week. Principal photography took place mostly",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "1315097",
"text": "circumstances\" which is soon enhanced by make believe. The book starts in a factual, realistic world, which crosses over into the world of make believe with the loud bump that heralds the arrival of the Cat. However, this is the first Dr. Seuss book in which the fantasy characters, i.e. the Cat and his companions, are not products of the children's imagination. It also differs from previous books in that Sally and her brother actively participate in the fantasy world; they also have a changed opinion of the Cat and his world by the story's end. Ruth MacDonald asserts, \"\"The",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1804234",
"text": "a bluff, overenthusiastic Papa Bear who wore bib overalls and a plaid shirt and...a wise Mama Bear who wore a blue dress with white polka dots...and a bright, lively little cub.\" The Berenstains' first bear story, titled \"Freddy Bear's Spanking\", arrived on the desk of Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, who had found phenomenal success in 1957 with \"The Cat in the Hat\" and was now editor of a Random House series called \"Beginner Books\". Geisel took on the manuscript, but spent the next two years ruthlessly challenging the Berenstains to make improvements to the writing and structure",
"title": "Berenstain Bears"
},
{
"id": "1315072",
"text": "sometimes misbehave... Given incentive from school boards, publishers could do as well with primers. After detailing many issues contributing to the dilemma connected with student reading levels, Hersey asked toward the end of the article: Why should [school primers] not have pictures that widen rather than narrow the associative richness the children give to the words they illustrate—drawings like those of the wonderfully imaginative geniuses among children's illustrators, Tenniel, Howard Pyle, \"Dr. Seuss\", Walt Disney? This article caught the attention of William Spaulding, who had met Geisel during the war and who was then the director of Houghton Mifflin's education",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "7616658",
"text": "start until after the 2000 Christmas/comedy film \"How the Grinch Stole Christmas\", based on another Dr. Seuss book of the same name, became a commercial success. Brian Grazer, who was the producer of \"The Grinch\", stated, \"Because we grew up with these books, and because they have such universal themes and the illustrations ignite such fantasy in your mind as a child — the aggregation of all those feelings — it leaves an indelible, positive memory. And so when I realized I had a chance to convert first \"The Grinch\" and then, \"The Cat in the Hat\", into movies, I",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "1315084",
"text": "immediately. The trade edition initially sold an average of 12,000 copies a month, a figure which rose rapidly. Bullock's department store in Los Angeles, California, sold out of its first, 100-copy order of the book in a day and quickly reordered 250 more. The Morgans attribute these sales numbers to \"playground word-of-mouth\", asserting that children heard about the book from their friends and nagged their parents to buy it for them. However, Houghton Mifflin's school edition did not sell as well. As Geisel noted in Jonathan Cott's 1983 profile of him, \"Houghton Mifflin... had trouble selling it to the schools;",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315088",
"text": "going to have the exciting experience of learning that they \"can\" read after all.\" Polly Goodwin of the \"Chicago Sunday Tribune\" predicted that \"The Cat in the Hat\" would cause seven- and eight-year-olds to \"look with distinct distaste on the drab adventures of standard primer characters\". Both Helen E. Walker of \"Library Journal\" and Emily Maxwell of \"The New Yorker\" felt that the book would appeal to older children as well as to its target audience of first- and second-graders. The reviewer for \"The Bookmark\" concurred, writing, \"Recommended enthusiastically as a picture book as well as a reader\". In contrast,",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "7616667",
"text": "theatrical run on March 18, 2004, having grossed $101,149,285 domestically and $32,811,256 overseas for a worldwide total of $133,960,541. Review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 10% approval rating, based on 158 reviews with an average rating of 3.2/10. The website's consensus reads: \"Filled with double entendres and potty humor, this \"Cat\" falls flat.\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 19 out of 100 based on 37 reviews, indicating \"overwhelming dislike\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"B-\" on an A+ to F scale. Peter Travers of \"Rolling Stone\" gave the",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "6343654",
"text": "I Can Read with My Eyes Shut! I Can Read With My Eyes Shut! is a children's book written and illustrated by Theodor Geisel under the pen name Dr. Seuss and published by Random House on November 12, 1978. In the book, The Cat in the Hat shows his son Young Cat the fun he can get out of reading, and also shows that reading is a useful way of gaining knowledge. This book was written after Seuss' vision began to fade and he started wearing glasses. The book is dedicated to \"David Worthen, E.G. (Eye Guy)\", who was his",
"title": "I Can Read with My Eyes Shut!"
},
{
"id": "1315087",
"text": "to read, particularly compared to the primers that it supplanted. Ellen Lewis Buell, in her review for \"The New York Times Book Review\", noted the book's heavy use of one-syllable words and lively illustrations. She wrote, \"Beginning readers and parents who have been helping them through the dreary activities of Dick and Jane and other primer characters are due for a happy surprise.\" Helen Adams Masten of the \"Saturday Review\" called the book Geisel's \"tour de force\" and wrote, \"Parents and teachers will bless Mr. Geisel for this amusing reader with its ridiculous and lively drawings, for their children are",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "6343793",
"text": "Daisy-Head Mayzie Daisy-Head Mayzie is a children's book written by Dr. Seuss and illustrated in his style. It was published in 1995, as Seuss's last book before his death. It was republished on July 5, 2016 with Seuss's original drawings. The book is about a 12-year-old warmhearted schoolgirl named Mayzie who one day suddenly sprouts a bright white daisy from her head. It causes alarm in her classroom, family, and town, until an agent makes her a celebrity. The Cat in the Hat who serves as the narrator to this story helps Mayzie to understand her problem and persuade her",
"title": "Daisy-Head Mayzie"
},
{
"id": "7616657",
"text": "blame. The Cat having overheard this, happily returns to clean up the mess with a great cleaning invention, fixes up the house, says goodbye to the kids and departs just as Joan arrives. Larry returns thinking he has busted the kids, but when Joan sees the clean house and a messy Larry, she does not believe and dumps him. After the successful party, Joan spends quality time with her kids while the Cat along with Thing 1 and Thing 2 walk off into the sunset. DreamWorks Pictures acquired rights to the original book in 1997. However, production did not originally",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "3143507",
"text": "Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now! Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now! is a 1972 children's book by Dr. Seuss. Written as a book for early beginning readers, it is suitable for children who can not yet read at the level of more advanced beginning books such as \"The Cat in the Hat\". The book presents, in short and funny fashion, Dr. Seuss's nonsensical words, rhymes, and illustrations. In the book, Marvin K. Mooney is asked to \"go\" (presumably to bed) in many ways. In a July 1974 collaboration with political humorist Art Buchwald, Dr. Seuss",
"title": "Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now!"
},
{
"id": "9143682",
"text": "Mayzie\", a special based on a posthumously published Dr. Seuss book. In 1997, a puppet version of the Cat starred in \"The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss\", where he was voiced by Bruce Lanoil and Martin P. Robinson. \"The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!\", an educational animated series based on the \"Random House Library\" series, premiered in September 2010; the Cat is voiced by Martin Short. The production began at Chuck Jones' MGM Animation Studio in the late 1960s after the studio had finished \"The Phantom Tollbooth\" and another Dr. Seuss special, \"Horton Hears a Who!\".",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (TV special)"
},
{
"id": "9143679",
"text": "crashing down, is left out. The closest equivalent is the fishbowl and bubbles sequences. Also differing is the role of Thing 1 and Thing 2; in the original book, they were simply things the Cat brought along to demonstrate fun, but in this special, they are commissioned to help find the cat's \"moss-covered three-handled family gredunza.\" The vocabulary used in the special is also of a higher level than the book, though still in Seuss' trademark rhyme. The special was originally released as a VHS videocassette on the CBS/Fox Video label's Playhouse Video imprint in 1989. It was later released",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (TV special)"
},
{
"id": "13260967",
"text": "Sasha Alyson Sasha Alyson (born May 22, 1952) is an American writer and businessman who started Alyson Publications in 1979. He later founded the Boston gay and lesbian newspaper \"Bay Windows\" (1983), the travel company Alyson Adventures (1995) and Big Brother Mouse, a literacy project in Laos. Alyson grew up in Berea, Ohio. He recalls being discouraged from reading because the books were dull. \"I wasn't making much progress until my parents got me a copy of \"The Cat in the Hat\". That caught my imagination, and I soon became an avid reader.\" His earliest publishing experience came at the",
"title": "Sasha Alyson"
},
{
"id": "1315096",
"text": "full rein to their destructive impulses without guilt or consequences.\" For a 1983 article, Geisel told Jonathan Cott, \"\"The Cat in the Hat\" is a revolt against authority, but it's ameliorated by the fact that the Cat cleans up everything at the end. It's revolutionary in that it goes as far as Kerensky and then stops. It doesn't go quite as far as Lenin.\" Donald Pease notes that \"The Cat in the Hat\" shares some structural similarities with other Dr. Seuss books. Like earlier books, \"The Cat in the Hat\" starts with \"a child's feeling of discontent with his mundane",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "7616664",
"text": "in California from October 2002 until January 2003. The neighborhood and the town centre was filmed in a rural valley near Simi Valley, where 24 houses (each 26-feet square and 52-feet tall) were constructed. The downtown area outdoor shots were filmed along a Pomona street where a number of antique and gift shops are located. The community decided not to redecorate after filming ended, so the surreal paint scheme and some of the signage could still be seen today as it appears in the film. Because of so much smog in the area, the sky had to be digitally replaced",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "1428694",
"text": "upon two randomly selected words—cat and hat. Up until the mid-1950s, there was a degree of separation between illustrated educational books and illustrated picture books. That changed with \"The Cat in the Hat\" in 1957. Because of the success of \"The Cat In The Hat\" an independent publishing company was formed, called Beginner Books. The second book in the series was nearly as popular, \"The Cat in the Hat Comes Back\", published in 1958. Other books in the series were \"Sam and the Firefly\" (1958), \"Green Eggs and Ham\" (1960), \"Are You My Mother?\" (1960), \"Go, Dog. Go!\" (1961), \"Hop",
"title": "Picture book"
},
{
"id": "7616671",
"text": "it as being \"attractively designed, energetically performed and, above all, blessedly concise, this adaptation of one of the most popular American kids' books walks the safe side of surrealism with its fur-flying shenanigans. The younger the viewers, the better reactions are bound to be, while grownups will sit in varying states of bemusement\". Baldwin addressed complaints the film received because of its dissimilarity to the source material. He expressed a belief that a film is \"an idea about something\" and that because Dr. Seuss' work is so unique, making a feature-length film out of one of his stories that would",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "2447925",
"text": "Cat in the Hat\" (1971), \"The Lorax\" (1972), \"Dr. Seuss on the Loose\" (1973)). In the late 1970s and most of the 1980s, Noble largely withdrew from work in the animation industry to pursue other interests. These included producing fine art, particularly hand-pulled silkscreen prints. In 1987, he received a lifetime achievement Annie Award (from the International Animation Society) for his contributions over the previous 50 years. About 1989, Noble did development work on Steven Spielberg's \"Tiny Toon Adventures\", and did writing and design for the \"Duck Dodgers Jr.\" in an episode of \"The Return of the Acme Acres Zone\"",
"title": "Maurice Noble"
},
{
"id": "7616673",
"text": "15, 2012, a computer-animated \"The Cat in the Hat\" remake was announced by Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment following the success of \"The Lorax\". On January 24, 2018, Warner Animation Group announced that they have picked up the rights for the animated \"Cat in the Hat\" reboot movie, along with many of Seuss' works. The film also has a 2.5D platformer video game released by Vivendi Universal Games and developed by Magenta Software and Digital Eclipse. It is based on the film of the same name. The game was released for PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Game Boy Advance on November",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "115643",
"text": "It aired for one season on Nickelodeon in the United States, from 1996 to 1997. The third, \"Gerald McBoing-Boing\", is a remake of the 1956 series. Produced in Canada by Cookie Jar Entertainment (now DHX Media) and North America by Classic Media (now DreamWorks Classics), it ran from 2005 to 2007. The fourth, \"The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!\", produced by Portfolio Entertainment Inc., began on August 7, 2010, in Canada and September 6, 2010, in the United States and is producing new episodes . Geisel's books and characters are also featured in Seuss Landing, one",
"title": "Dr. Seuss"
},
{
"id": "8420634",
"text": "Jerry fails to thank Berg's character for the tickets, Berg does not offer Jerry tickets for another game that week. In that episode, Jerry jokes that Berg has a great \"John Houseman name\", pronouncing it jokingly in Houseman's accent. Berg is of Swedish descent. Alec Berg Alec Berg is an American comedy writer, best known as a writer for the sitcom \"Seinfeld\" and co-creator and executive producer of \"Barry\" with Bill Hader. He also co-wrote the screenplays for the films \"The Cat in the Hat\", \"EuroTrip\" and \"The Dictator\". In addition, Berg is an executive producer of Larry David's \"Curb",
"title": "Alec Berg"
},
{
"id": "1315092",
"text": "about it. This is someone who delighted in the chaos of life, who delighted in the seeming insanity of the world around him.\" Ruth MacDonald asserts that the Cat's primary goal in the book is to create fun for the children. The Cat calls it \"fun that is funny\", which MacDonald distinguishes from the ordinary, serious fun that parents subject their children to. In an article titled \"Was the Cat in the Hat Black?\", Philip Nel draws connections between the Cat and stereotyped depictions of African-Americans, including minstrel shows, Geisel's own minstrel-inspired cartoons from early in his career, and the",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "1315103",
"text": "which George W. Bush's State of the Union promises were contrasted with the Cat vowing (in part), \"I can hold up the cup and the milk and the cake! I can hold up these books! And the fish on a rake!\" In 2007, during the 110th Congress, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid compared the impasse over a bill to reform immigration with the mess created by the Cat. He read lines of the book from the Senate floor. He then carried forward his analogy hoping the impasse would be straightened out for \"If you go back and read Dr. Seuss,",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "3270202",
"text": "in which Eisenhower buggers Nixon on-air, and his 1968 \"A Political Fable\", in which the Cat in the Hat runs for president. Hans-Peter Wagner offers this approach to defining postmodern literature: Postmodernism ... can be used at least in two ways – firstly, to give a label to the period after 1968 (which would then encompass all forms of fiction, both innovative and traditional), and secondly, to describe the highly experimental literature produced by writers beginning with Lawrence Durrell and John Fowles in the 1960s and reaching to the breathless works of Martin Amis and the \"Chemical (Scottish) Generation\" of",
"title": "Postmodern literature"
},
{
"id": "9143680",
"text": "as part of the \"Dr. Seuss Sing-Along Classics\" release from 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment with CBS Video and Fox Kids Video in the mid 90's. It was later released on DVD by Universal Studios Home Entertainment on October 7, 2003. Warner Home Video released the special on Blu-ray and DVD on August 7, 2012. Although the original book's sequel \"The Cat in the Hat Comes Back\" did not receive an animated adaptation, the character went on to appear in several more Dr. Seuss specials. In 1973, there came \"Dr. Seuss on the Loose\", where Sherman reprised his role as",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (TV special)"
},
{
"id": "3143510",
"text": "media in more than 200 political campaigns, working for six years as a Communications Director in the Clinton Administration and then nine years in the U.S. House. Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now! Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now! is a 1972 children's book by Dr. Seuss. Written as a book for early beginning readers, it is suitable for children who can not yet read at the level of more advanced beginning books such as \"The Cat in the Hat\". The book presents, in short and funny fashion, Dr. Seuss's nonsensical words, rhymes, and illustrations. In",
"title": "Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now!"
},
{
"id": "4824531",
"text": "the DePatie-Freleng Enterprises: \"Halloween Is Grinch Night\" (1977), \"Pontoffel Pock, Where Are You?\" (1980), and \"The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat\" (1982). Raposo was born in Fall River, Massachusetts, the only child of Portuguese immigrant parents Joseph Soares Raposo and Maria (a.k.a. \"Aunt\" Sarah) da Ascenção Vitorino Raposo. He was known as \"Sonny\" to his family. Joseph Sr. was an accomplished musician, classical guitarist, violinist, flutist, pianist, music teacher and Joe's first music teacher. He was a graduate of B.M.C. Durfee High School in Fall River. A 1958 graduate of Harvard College, he was well known for writing",
"title": "Joe Raposo"
},
{
"id": "8420633",
"text": "Alec Berg Alec Berg is an American comedy writer, best known as a writer for the sitcom \"Seinfeld\" and co-creator and executive producer of \"Barry\" with Bill Hader. He also co-wrote the screenplays for the films \"The Cat in the Hat\", \"EuroTrip\" and \"The Dictator\". In addition, Berg is an executive producer of Larry David's \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" and has directed numerous episodes of it, and also an executive producer of \"Silicon Valley\". In the \"Seinfeld\" episode \"The Face Painter\", Berg's name is given to an attorney friend of Jerry's who gives Jerry some New York Rangers playoff tickets. When",
"title": "Alec Berg"
},
{
"id": "6343655",
"text": "ophthalmologist. I Can Read with My Eyes Shut! I Can Read With My Eyes Shut! is a children's book written and illustrated by Theodor Geisel under the pen name Dr. Seuss and published by Random House on November 12, 1978. In the book, The Cat in the Hat shows his son Young Cat the fun he can get out of reading, and also shows that reading is a useful way of gaining knowledge. This book was written after Seuss' vision began to fade and he started wearing glasses. The book is dedicated to \"David Worthen, E.G. (Eye Guy)\", who was",
"title": "I Can Read with My Eyes Shut!"
},
{
"id": "7616668",
"text": "film one star, stating, \"\"Cat\", another overblown Hollywood raid on Dr. Seuss, has a draw on Mike Myers, who inexplicably plays the Cat by mimicking Bert Lahr in \"The Wizard of Oz\".\" Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film 2 out of 4 stars. Although he praised the production design, he considered the film to be \"all effects and stunts and CGI and prosthetics, with no room for lightness and joy\". Ebert and co-host Richard Roeper gave the film \"Two Thumbs Down\". Roeper said of Myers' performance that \"Maybe a part of him was realizing as the movie",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat (film)"
},
{
"id": "1378341",
"text": "included Barry Nelson, Dorothy Loudon, and David Cassidy. Still creative, in 1973, Sherman published the controversial \"The Rape of the A*P*E*\", which detailed his point of view on American Puritanism and the sexual revolution. In 1971, Sherman was the voice of Dr. Seuss's \"The Cat in the Hat\" for the animated television special. He reprised the role for \"Dr. Seuss on the Loose\", his last project before his death. In his final years, Sherman's alcoholism and weight gain caused severe deterioration of his health; he later developed diabetes and struggled with lung disease. In 1966, his wife Dee filed for",
"title": "Allan Sherman"
},
{
"id": "8376055",
"text": "about It\". The book was a critique of the then-trendy practice of teaching reading by sight, often called the \"look-say\" method. The flaw of this method, according to Flesch, was that it required brute force memorization with no theory behind it so that when confronted with an unknown word, the learner became confused. As a solution, Flesch advocated a revival of the phonics method, the teaching of reading by teaching learners to sound out words using rules. The book inspired Dr. Seuss to write \"The Cat in the Hat\" (1957). Flesch flourished as a writing teacher, plain-English consultant, and author.",
"title": "Rudolf Flesch"
},
{
"id": "1315078",
"text": "\"My Hassle With the First Grade Language\", he also told a story of the \"three excruciatingly painful weeks\" in which he worked on a story about a King Cat and a Queen Cat. However, \"queen\" was not on the word list, nor did his first grade nephew, Norval, recognize it. So Geisel returned to the work but could then think only of words that started with the letter \"q\", which did not appear in any word on the list. He then had a similar fascination with the letter \"z\", which also did not appear in any word on the list.",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat"
},
{
"id": "986243",
"text": "had written. Myers countersued, and a settlement was reached after several months where Myers agreed to make another film with Universal. That film was \"The Cat in the Hat\", which was released in November 2003 and starred Myers as the title character. In 2001, Myers provided the voice of Shrek in the DreamWorks animated film of the same name, having taken over the role after original planned voice actor Chris Farley died in December 1997. He reprised this role in \"Shrek 4-D\" (a theme park ride) in 2003, \"Shrek 2\" (2004), \"Shrek the Third\" (2007), and the Christmas special \"Shrek",
"title": "Mike Myers"
},
{
"id": "15274647",
"text": "Stephen Hibbert Stephen Hibbert (born 14 June 1959) is an English actor and comedy writer. He played the role of the Gimp in the Quentin Tarantino film \"Pulp Fiction\" (1994). Hibbert began his career as a member of the Los Angeles-based improv group The Groundlings. It was where he met his first wife Julia Sweeney, marrying in 1989, then divorcing in 1994. Besides \"Pulp Fiction\", Hibbert has also appeared in the films \"\" (1999), \"The Cat in the Hat\" (2003) and \"\" (2007). As well as appearing in the television series \"Newhart\", \"Just Shoot Me\", \"Jericho\", \"Rodney\", \"Back to You\",",
"title": "Stephen Hibbert"
},
{
"id": "14638327",
"text": "The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! is a British-Canadian-American Animated television series that premiered on August 7, 2010 on Treehouse TV in Canada, on September 6, 2010 on PBS Kids in the US and also in the UK on CITV and Tiny Pop. The award-winning series is based on Random House's Beginner Books franchise and \"The Cat in the Hat's Learning Library\", and is developed by Portfolio Entertainment, Random House Children Entertainment and Collingwood O'Hare Productions in conjunction with KQED and CBC Kids. The first season",
"title": "The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!"
},
{
"id": "7876966",
"text": "David Mandel David H. Mandel (born 1970) is an executive producer and showrunner of \"Veep\" and formerly an executive producer and director of \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\", and one of the producers of the teen-comedy \"Eurotrip\". He was a writer for \"Seinfeld\" during its seventh, eighth, and ninth seasons and also co-wrote the screenplay for the 2003 film adaptation of \"The Cat In The Hat\". He is one of the creators of \"\", and he was a writer for \"Saturday Night Live\". He had a brief stint as a host of \"Dave and Steve's Video Game Explosion\", a comedy video game",
"title": "David Mandel"
},
{
"id": "15532064",
"text": "hardcover books were written by Geisel, including \"Green Eggs and Ham\", at number 4, \"The Cat in the Hat\", at number 9, and \"One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish\", at number 13, and \"Dr. Seuss's ABC\". In the years following his death in 1991, several additional books based on his sketches and notes were published, including \"Hooray for Diffendoofer Day!\" and \"Daisy-Head Mayzie\". Although they were all published under the name Dr. Seuss, only \"My Many Colored Days\", originally written in 1973, was entirely by Geisel. The bulk of Theodor Seuss Geisel's books were published under the name",
"title": "Dr. Seuss bibliography"
}
] | when was the cat in the hat written |
|
| [
{
"id": "20210159",
"text": "for fastest goal scored with a 25-second strike against Portland Thorns FC on June 17. Head coach Christy Holly resigned mid-season on August 16, and was replaced by four assistant coaches, Jill Loyden, Dave Hodgson, Paul Greig, and Maria Dorris. A full-time replacement for Holly was not announced until November 15, 2017, when Sky Blue FC hired Washington Spirit assistant coach and former Jersey Sky Blue head coach Denise Reddy. Soon after Holly's resignation, center back and team captain Christie Rampone announced that she would miss the rest of the season due to an accumulation of injuries. 2017 Sky Blue",
"title": "2017 Sky Blue FC season"
},
{
"id": "19380302",
"text": "Jim Cummins, Eric Daze, Ben Eager, Reg Kerr, Steve Konroyd, David Mackey, Jamal Mayers, Grant Mulvey, Troy Murray, Brian Noonan, Jack O'Callahan, Darren Pang, Steve Poapst, Reid Simpson, Brent Sopel, Gary Suter and Jimmy Waite, with Tony Esposito and Cliff Koroll serving as coaches. The roster for the Blues consisted of: Bruce Affleck, Jeff Brown, Martin Brodeur, Garth Butcher, Gino Cavallini, Paul Cavallini, Kelly Chase, Dallas Drake, Bernie Federko, Wayne Gretzky, Brett Hull, Barret Jackman, Mike Liut, Al MacInnis, Chris Mason, Scott Mellanby, Adam Oates, Larry Patey, Chris Pronger, Jamie Rivers, Bryce Salvador, Ed Staniowski, Peter Stastny, Keith Tkachuk, Pierre",
"title": "2017 NHL Winter Classic"
},
{
"id": "19485557",
"text": "assistant coach of the Dolphins team under Lance Klusener, and helped the side win the 2013–14 Ram Slam T20 Challenge. He was the head coach of the Dolphins teams for the last six weeks of the 2015–16 Sunfoil Series. In August 2016, Gobind was appointed assistant coach of the Warriors on a three-year contract. Rivash Gobind Rivash Gobind (born 20 April 1982) is a South African former cricketer, who is currently the Head Coach for the Warriors. As a player, Gobind was a left-handed top order and opening batsman, who played for KwaZulu-Natal, Dolphins and South Africa U-19s; he captained",
"title": "Rivash Gobind"
},
{
"id": "4228727",
"text": "for the South Florida Bulls in 2011. Hovan was signed by the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League as their defensive line coach on January 9, 2013. He was the defensive line coach for the Tampa Bay Storm of the AFL for the 2013 season. Hovan coached in the AFL with the Tampa Bay Storm for 3 seasons. 2017-2018: Hovan is currently in his second year coaching high school varsity football. He is the co-defensive coordinator for the Warriors football team at Steinbrenner High School in Lutz, FL. Chris Hovan Christopher James Hovan (born May 12, 1978) is a",
"title": "Chris Hovan"
},
{
"id": "3746716",
"text": "to wear their D-Star 200 model. Murray's coaching staff has changed through the years and are as follows: Leon Smith (1998–2004), Pato Álvarez (2003–2005), Mark Petchey (2005–2006), Brad Gilbert (2006–2007), Miles Maclagan (2007–2010), Àlex Corretja (2010–2011), Ivan Lendl (2011–2014, 2016–2017), , Jonas Björkman (2015), Jamie Delgado (2016–). Murray is a founding member of the Malaria No More UK Leadership Council and helped launch the charity in 2009 with David Beckham. Footage from the launch at Wembley Stadium can be seen on YouTube and the charity's website. Murray also made 'Nets Needed', a short public service announcement, for the charity to",
"title": "Andy Murray"
},
{
"id": "15242784",
"text": "Rory Duncan Rory Duncan (born 26 July 1977) is a former South African rugby union player and currently the head coach of Worcester Warriors. He started his career at the , representing them in the Vodacom Cup in 1999 and 2001. He then the joined in 2002, where he played for four seasons before moving to the in 2006. Between 2008 and 2010, he had a spell at Japanese Top League club Yamaha Júbilo before returning to the for the 2010 Currie Cup season. He announced his retirement at the end of 2011. After two seasons as head coach at",
"title": "Rory Duncan"
},
{
"id": "5521286",
"text": "Rick Adelman Richard Leonard Adelman (born June 16, 1946) is an American retired professional basketball player and coach. He coached 23 seasons in the National Basketball Association. He served as head coach of the NBA's Golden State Warriors, Portland Trail Blazers, Sacramento Kings, Houston Rockets and Minnesota Timberwolves. Adelman was born in Lynwood, California, the son of Gladys (née Olsen) and Leonard Joseph \"L.J.\" Adelman, who were from North Dakota and worked as teachers and farmers. Adelman began his basketball career as a collegiate star at Loyola University of Los Angeles, now known as Loyola Marymount University. In the 1968",
"title": "Rick Adelman"
},
{
"id": "4607059",
"text": "2009 Geoff was appointed Head Coach of the Fremantle District Cricket Club, a club which Geoff spend most of his senior playing career with. He was appointed as the head coach for the team Pune Warriors India which made its IPL debut in 2011. In September 2011, he was appointed as the head coach of the Sri Lanka national team. However, his tenure lasted barely four months. After Sri Lanka lost the Test and ODI series of their tour of South Africa in December 2011 and January 2012, he was dismissed and replaced by Graham Ford. Geoff Marsh is only",
"title": "Geoff Marsh"
},
{
"id": "7804676",
"text": "players, Michael Anderson and Marko Stevanja, from the 2017 side remaining. Long-time servants Daniel Zilic (10 years), Darren Lewis and Matthew Townley (6 years), and Vito Cichello (5 years) all departed the club. North and Trani turned to local talent and youth to build the squad. Former players Michael Boyar, Anthony Banovac, Hamish Flavell and Nicholas Anderson returned to Elcho Park, while former junior players Jamie Noggler and Thomas Hidic ensured a strong club-grown feel to the crop. 11 games into the 2018 season, with the club sitting in fourth place, head coach Trani handed in his resignation. On 1",
"title": "North Geelong Warriors FC"
},
{
"id": "2643304",
"text": "provider in the UK for the seventh year in succession in a \"Which?\" survey. Vodafone Global Enterprise is the business services division, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Vodafone Group. It was established in April 2007 to provide telecommunications and information technology services to large corporations. The division offers integrated communication solutions in cloud computing, unified communications and collaboration. Its services include domestic and international voice and data, machine-to-machine services, mobile email, mobile broadband, managed services, mobile payment and mobile recording. In December 2011, it acquired the Reading-based Bluefish Communications Ltd, an ICT consultancy company. The acquired operations formed the",
"title": "Vodafone"
},
{
"id": "11179490",
"text": "Ron Adams Ronald George Adams (born November 18, 1947) is an American basketball coach who is currently an assistant coach for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association. A native of Laton, California, Adams graduated from Laton High School. He then played basketball at Fresno Pacific College (now Fresno Pacific University) as a guard for the Fresno Pacific Vikings and graduated in 1969 with a bachelor's degree in political science and history. On September 19, 2011, Adams was inducted into the Fresno Pacific University Athletic Hall of Fame. Adams played basketball at Fresno Pacific (1965–69) and began his",
"title": "Ron Adams"
},
{
"id": "803900",
"text": "third head coach in franchise history to lead a team to at least 50 wins in a season, joining Don Nelson and Alvin Attles, who both hit the mark twice with the Warriors. With 121 wins overall, Jackson ranks fourth on the franchise's all-time wins list, trailing Attles (557), Nelson (422) and Eddie Gottlieb (263). On May 14, 2014, the Golden State Warriors signed Steve Kerr to a reported five-year, $25 million deal to become the team's new head coach. It was a first-time head-coaching position for Kerr, 48, a five-time NBA champion guard who set an all-time career record",
"title": "Golden State Warriors"
},
{
"id": "10022354",
"text": "a 71-41(.634) record. He then went on to serve as an assistant coach with the Golden State Warriors (1983–1986), Minnesota Timberwolves (1989–1990) and Dallas Mavericks (1990–1993). Zuffelato has been inducted into two halls of fame for his basketball achievements. In April 2000, he was inducted into the Torrington High School Athletic Hall of Fame in Connecticut and in May 2001, he was inducted into the Central Connecticut State University Athletic Hall of Fame. Bob Zuffelato Bob Zuffelato is currently a scout for the Toronto Raptors with more than four decades of basketball experience at the NBA. He has served with",
"title": "Bob Zuffelato"
},
{
"id": "14999343",
"text": "is Australian former gold medalist sprinter Matt Shirvington. In May 2014, following several embarrassing defeats to start the season, Price was dismissed as head coach of the Dragons, and replaced by assistant coach, Paul McGregor, who was eventually employed full-time. Price resides in the Southern Sydney suburb of Caringbah. He is the brother of WBU Cruiserweight boxing champion Danny Price. In an interview with the BBC in October 2018, Price admitted to being a supporter of Manchester City, with a particular admiration of Pep Guardiola. Steve Price (coach) Steven Price (born ) is the head coach of the Warrington Wolves",
"title": "Steve Price (coach)"
},
{
"id": "11560612",
"text": "gold for Canada in 1998, 2004 and 2008 at the WFDF World Ultimate Championships, Furious George 2015 Marc Seraglia (Coach) Alex Davis (C) John Norris (C) Kevin Underhill (C) Myles Sinclair (C) Aaron Loach Andre Gailits Bobo Eyrich Brett Anderson Brian Baker Darren Wu Derek Fenton Edward Guo Elliot Trotter Fred Lam Gagan Chatha Hugh Knapp Joel Bellavance Josh Tan Kevin Lore Malcolm Bryson Matt Berezan Max Hunter Morgan Hibbert Nick Wright Nick Lin Oliver Telfer Peter Yu PY Lavertu Rumi Tejpar Ryan Sun Samson Hoy Seb Toth Taylor Nadon Tim Tsang Will Vu Vancouver Furious George Furious George is",
"title": "Vancouver Furious George"
},
{
"id": "16742038",
"text": "Antonio Orozco continued as coaches. The third season premiered on 23 March 2015 garnering 4.591 million viewers (28.1% market share) in the official ratings. Each coach was allowed to advance six top to the live shows: Filming for the fourth season began in June 2016. Antonio Orozco and Laura Pausini were replaced by Melendi, who had been absent since the original season, and Manuel Carrasco, while Malú and Alejandro Sanz continued as coaches. Each coach was allowed to advance six top to the live shows: Filming for the fifth season began in July 2017. Alejandro Sanz and Melendi were replaced",
"title": "La Voz (Spanish TV series)"
},
{
"id": "2643305",
"text": "nucleus of a new Unified Communications and Collaboration practice within VGE, working on cloud computing and professional services. Vodafone Global Enterprise operates in over 65 countries, with \"Northern Europe\" (based in London, United Kingdom), \"Central Europe\", \"Southern Europe and Africa\", \"Asia Pacific & Sub-Saharan Africa\" (based in Singapore) and \"Americas\" geographical divisions. VGE's major customers include Deutsche Post, The Linde Group, Unilever, and Volkswagen Group. In October 2009, it launched Vodafone 360, a new internet service for the mobile, PC and Mac. This was discontinued in December 2011 after disappointing hardware sales. This was after the Director of Internet Services",
"title": "Vodafone"
},
{
"id": "3164545",
"text": "the England team for Kevin Pietersen, who had fallen out with the previous management team. He oversaw the appointment of Trevor Bayliss as coach, and encouraged a greater emphasis to be given to limited overs cricket. Strauss resigned his position on 3 October 2018, citing a wish to spend more time with his wife while she was undergoing treatment for cancer. Above data from ESPNcricinfo and current as at 25 December 2015. Above data from ESPNcricinfo and current as at 20 July 2012. Above data from ESPNcricinfo and current as at 24 January 2012. Above data from ESPNcricinfo and current",
"title": "Andrew Strauss"
},
{
"id": "7528282",
"text": "On 9 June 2015 Baxter joined Turkish club Genclerbirligi, but his contract was mutually terminated on 24 August 2015 after defeats in the first two games of the 2015–16 season. On 27 January 2016 Baxter was signed mid-season by SuperSport United. That season Baxter lead his side to Nedbank Cup glory. On 4 May 2017 Baxter was named as South Africa coach for a second time, replacing Ephraim 'Shakes' Mashaba, who was sacked in December 2016. He will also continue to coach SuperSport United until July 2017. Baxter has a son, Lee, who is also a former professional football player",
"title": "Stuart Baxter"
},
{
"id": "802414",
"text": "With the sixth overall pick in the 2017 NBA Draft, Orlando drafted Florida State forward, Jonathan Isaac. During free agency the Magic signed Jonathon Simmons, Arron Afflalo, Shelvin Mack, Marreese Speights, Khem Birch and Adreian Payne. On October 6, 2017, the Magic announced that former superstar Tracy McGrady, had rejoined the team as assistant to the CEO. On April 12, 2018, head coach Frank Vogel was fired by the Magic after the conclusion of the 2017–18 regular season. On May 30, the Magic named Steve Clifford as their new head coach. On June 21, 2018, the Magic drafted center Mohamed",
"title": "Orlando Magic"
},
{
"id": "6994854",
"text": "He further admitted some of his players were struggling with the increased expectations following recent successes, though Rovers still managed to end the 2017–18 campaign in 13th-place. In June 2018 he graduated with the FA's highest coaching qualification (FA Level 5 UEFA Pro). He left his post on 13 December 2018 following a run of seven defeats in ten matches; at the time of his departure he was the fourth-longest serving manager in the EFL. Hartlepool United Salisbury City Individual Bristol Rovers Darrell Clarke Darrell James Clarke (born 16 December 1977) is an English former professional footballer who was most",
"title": "Darrell Clarke"
},
{
"id": "14622948",
"text": "Patrick O'Bryant with the 9th overall selection. They also traded Derek Fisher to the Utah Jazz for guards Devin Brown, Andre Owens and Keith McLeod, and signed training-camp invitees Matt Barnes, Anthony Roberson and Dajuan Wagner. Brown, Owens, Wagner, Roberson, Chris Taft and Will Bynum were all waived while Barnes established himself in the rotation. Golden State also announced that it had bought out the remaining two years of head coach Mike Montgomery's contract and hired previous Golden State and former Dallas Mavericks coach Don Nelson to take over in his place. Entering the 2006–07 season, the Warriors held the",
"title": "History of the Golden State Warriors"
},
{
"id": "14227258",
"text": "Gerry Whent Sir Gerald Arthur \"Gerry\" Whent (1 March 1927 in Ferozepore, India – 16 May 2002 in Chilton Foliat, Wiltshire) was the founder and first chief executive of Vodafone. Gerald Arthur Whent was the youngest of four children of Major Albert Whent, of the Royal Artillery stationed in Palestine from 1938. Whent was educated at St Mary's College, Southampton. In 1980, Ernest Harrison, chairman of Racal Electronics, the UK's largest maker of military radio technology, agreed a deal with Lord Weinstock of the General Electric Company to allow Racal to access some of GEC's tactical battlefield radio technology. Briefing",
"title": "Gerry Whent"
},
{
"id": "20741184",
"text": "On March 19, the school hired Virginia associate head coach Ron Sanchez as the school's new head coach. March 16, 2018, Florida Atlantic head coach Michael Curry was fired after four seasons. On March 22, it was announced that the school had hired Florida assistant head coach Dusty May as head coach. Middle Tennessee head coach Kermit Davis left the school on March 19, 2018 to accept the head coaching job at Ole Miss. On March 24, the Blue Raiders named UNC Asheville head coach Nick McDevitt as the team's new head coach. On April 2, 2018, FIU fired head",
"title": "2018–19 Conference USA men's basketball season"
},
{
"id": "11997339",
"text": "training during the Christmas break. On 25 April 2017, Matulino signed with the Wests Tigers from 2018 on a three year deal, reuniting with coach Ivan Cleary. Packer said, \"He's the one that gave me my debut and brought me up to full-time training at the Warriors. I have a lot of respect for him and he's shown me a lot of faith. Just his approach to coaching stood out for me. You don't want to upset him in any way, so you want to play for him.\" Matulino finished his last year with the New Zealand Warriors with him",
"title": "Ben Matulino"
},
{
"id": "3028172",
"text": "Price joined the Golden State Warriors as an assistant coach with the primary task of improving the Warriors shooting and free throw percentages. In December 2011, Price was hired as a player development coach for the Orlando Magic. In July 2012, Price served as the head coach of the Orlando Magic's Summer League team. On July 1, 2013, Price was hired as an assistant coach by the Charlotte Bobcats, joining the staff of head coach Steve Clifford and associate head coach Patrick Ewing for the 2013–14 season. On March 25, 2015 Price was introduced as the head coach of the",
"title": "Mark Price"
},
{
"id": "4840160",
"text": "for the next season (Bach would become Attles' permanent successor after 1983). Attles coached the Warriors until 1983, compiling a 557-518 regular season record (588-548 including playoffs) with six playoff appearances in 14 seasons. During the season, Attles worked as the Warriors' general manager. He is the longest-serving coach in Warriors history. In 2014 Attles was the recipient of the John W. Bunn Lifetime Achievement Award—an annual basketball award given by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame to an individual who has contributed significantly to the sport of basketball, the award is the highest and the most prestigious honor",
"title": "Al Attles"
},
{
"id": "6175948",
"text": "remain on staff as assistant head coach. Thomas was voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame along with Darrell Green and Art Monk, two players he coached during Super Bowl runs with the Washington Redskins. On January 13, 2010, his contract expired and was not renewed by the Falcons. On February 1, 2010, he was hired as the secondary coach of the Kansas City Chiefs. <nowiki>*</nowiki>\"Interim head coach.\" Thomas resides in Kansas City, Missouri. He married Jacqueline Heafley in 1983, and they remained married until her death on August 21, 2017. He has two grown children from a previous",
"title": "Emmitt Thomas"
},
{
"id": "16890993",
"text": "Laura Harvey Laura Harvey (born 15 May 1980) is an English professional women's football coach and former player. Currently the head coach of Utah Royals FC, she previously managed Seattle Reign FC, Arsenal, and Birmingham City. She was also involved with youth set-ups of the United States and England. Harvey was named FAWSL Coach of the Year in 2011 after guiding Arsenal to win the league title, FA Cup, and Continental Cup. She was named NWSL Coach of the Year in 2014 and 2015. Harvey grew up in Bulkington, a village in Warwickshire, England. She attended The George Eliot School",
"title": "Laura Harvey"
},
{
"id": "9897958",
"text": "in charge of the province for the remainder of the season and the start of the 2015–16 campaign. He served in this role under Kiss until the end of the 2016–17 season, when he was replaced by Jono Gibbes. In March 2018, it was announced that Doak had joined English Premiership side Worcester Warriors. He was hired as attack and backs coach, taking up the role for the 2018–19 season. In addition to playing rugby, Doak was also an accomplished cricketer, representing Ireland internationally. A right-handed batsman and off spin bowler, he made his debut for the Irish cricket team",
"title": "Neil Doak"
},
{
"id": "15242785",
"text": "Grey High School, Duncan joined the in November 2013 to become the coach of their Vodacom Cup and Under-21 sides. He is currently their Director of Rugby and Currie Cup head coach. Rory Duncan Rory Duncan (born 26 July 1977) is a former South African rugby union player and currently the head coach of Worcester Warriors. He started his career at the , representing them in the Vodacom Cup in 1999 and 2001. He then the joined in 2002, where he played for four seasons before moving to the in 2006. Between 2008 and 2010, he had a spell at",
"title": "Rory Duncan"
},
{
"id": "19441191",
"text": "joined the main cast. On September 14, Sarah Wynter was cast in the series regular role of Gina Larson. In November, Molly Parker and Britain Dalton joined the production as series regulars. The following March, Nina Arianda and Tania Raymonde were also announced as part of the main cast. In June, Dwight Yoakam and Harold Perrineau were cast in recurring roles. In August, the final casting announcements, of Diana Hopper and Jason Ritter in recurring roles, were made. On February 15, 2017, Amazon announced the series had been renewed for a second season. In that announcement, it was also confirmed",
"title": "Goliath (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18299505",
"text": "(Pakistan), Afsar Zazai (wk), Dawlat Khan, Fazal Zazai, Imran Mohammadi, Hamilton Masakadza (Zimbabwe), Mohammad Alam, Najeeb Tarakai, Nasir Totakhil, Nawab Khan, Richard Ngarava (Zimbabwe), Noor-ul-Haq Malekzai, Perwez Malikzai, Rahmatullah Sahaq, Sharafuddin Ashraf, Tahir Khan, Yamin Ahmadzai and Yousuf Zazai Band-e-Amir Dragons Owner: Paragons Coach: Umesh Patwal (India) Full Squad: Rashid Khan (c), Amin Shinwari, Arif Khan, Fitratullah Khawari, Habib Sultani, Hazratullah, Javed Ahmadi, Luke Jongwe (Zimbabwe), Muslim Musa, Najibullah Zadran, Qasim Orya-Khalil (wk), Rahmat Shah, Denesh Ramdin (West Indies) (wk), Samim Sultani, Shahidullah, Glenton Anric Stuurman (South Africa), Tahsin Sultani and Wahab Shinwari Boost Defenders Owner: Arif Azim Group of",
"title": "Shpageeza Cricket League"
},
{
"id": "20719702",
"text": "Nick Read Nicholas Jonathan Read (born 1964) is a British businessman, and the CEO Vodafone Group. He earned a degree in accounting and finance from Manchester Polytechnic (now Manchester Metropolitan University) in 1986. He is a Certified Management Accountant. He worked for United Business Media Plc and Federal Express Worldwide, rising to chief financial officer for the EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) region. He joined Vodafone UK in 2001, becoming chief executive on 1 May 2006, when Arun Sarin was the chief executive of Vodafone. He has served as the chief financial officer of Vodafone since 2014 and became",
"title": "Nick Read"
},
{
"id": "14016400",
"text": "the calendar signed by the dancers. Coach: Sabrina Ellison Amira, Anabelle, Angel, Casey, Chelsea, Corrina, Danielle, Deanna, Felicia, Jennifer, Karlee, Kimberly, Laura, Leah, Lisa, Patricia, Patrisha, Samantha Coach: Sabrina Ellison Captains: Karlee, Samantha and Thera Veterans: Sierra, Krystal, Summer, Lisa, Kim, Casey, Amber and Rachel Rookies: Amira,Regina, Ariana, Angel,Leah, Mariah and Patrisha Coach: Susan Hovey Choreographers: Oscar Hernandez and team Captains: Alexis (4th season), Leah (3rd season), Natalie (3rd season) Veterans: Shania (4th season), Kelsey (3rd season), Thera (3rd season), Casey (2nd season), Tracy (2nd season), Erin (2nd season), Cristina (2nd season) Rookies: Lacy, Yoshimi, Christi, Chellena, Karlee, Rachel, Kimberly,",
"title": "Warrior Girls"
},
{
"id": "11342807",
"text": "Pinguine. Luongo spent two seasons as an assistant coach with the Wayne State Warriors. In September 2008 he joined the UAH Chargers as an assistant coach under head coach Danton Cole, who was a teammate of Luongo's at Michigan State. In 2010, he was named head coach of the Chargers, and coached the team for two seasons. Luongo currently resides in Novi, Michigan, with his wife, Cheryl, and their two sons, Anthony and Christopher. Chris also has a dog named Tyson Luongo. Chris Luongo Christopher John Luongo (born March 17, 1967) is an American ice hockey coach and former professional",
"title": "Chris Luongo"
},
{
"id": "3332902",
"text": "of Kerala Blasters, a day after the Indian Super League side sacked Rene Meulensteen as their head coach following a string of poor performances by the team on January 3, 2018. James was himself dismissed in December 2018, following an 11-match winless run. Born in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, James grew up supporting Luton Town. He signed as a trainee with Luton's local rivals Watford upon leaving school, and was first selected for the club's senior team in 1989. In his days as a youth player, he helped Watford win the FA Youth Cup. Following the departure of Tony Coton,",
"title": "David James (footballer, born 1970)"
},
{
"id": "10043157",
"text": "Peter Vack Peter S. Brown (born September 19, 1986), better known by the stage name Peter Vack, is an American actor, writer, director and producer. He is known for portraying Jason Strider in the MTV comedy series \"I Just Want My Pants Back\" (2011–12), and Alex Merriweather in the Amazon Video comedy-drama series \"Mozart in the Jungle\" (2014–2015). Vack was born in the West Village, New York City, to Jane (née Spivack) and Ronald Brown, a movie producer and writer. He has one younger sister who is an actress and writer. He grew up in New York City. Vack is",
"title": "Peter Vack"
},
{
"id": "14075859",
"text": "2014 season and compiled an overall record of 21–36 during his tenure at Portland State. In 2015, Burton joined Pac-12 Networks as an analyst. Burton is married and has two children. Nigel Burton Nigel Burton (born July 30, 1976) is an American football commentator for the Pac-12 television network and the former head coach for the Portland State Vikings college football team. Burton grew up in Sacramento where he attended Jesuit High School. He attended the University of the Pacific in 1995, but when the school eliminated its football program the following year, he transferred to the University of Washington,",
"title": "Nigel Burton"
},
{
"id": "19119457",
"text": "to coach the DLSU Green Archers, citing problems with his family and the business. In 2016, he and FEU Tamaraws coach Nash Racela both received the Coach of the Year award by the UAAP and NCAA Press Corps in the 2016 College Basketball Awards. In 2015, Ayo was named the new head coach of the De La Salle Green Archers following Juno Sauler's resignation after the Archers were eliminated from the Final Four. He would go on to win a championship title in his first season, which included a memorable undefeated streak by the team. On January 3, 2018, Coach",
"title": "Aldin Ayo"
},
{
"id": "8594781",
"text": "to another position within the University, ending his tenure as Southern's head coach after only 24 games. He finished with a 6–18 overall record. Defensive coordinator Dawson Odums was named as the interim coach of the Jaguars. Mitchell joined the Arizona Cardinals as the Running Backs coach in 2013, and was with the team for four seasons before leaving the team in January 2017. He was signed to be the New York Jets' Running Backs coach in February 2017. Mitchell is a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity. His nickname came from the fact that he played football with guys",
"title": "Stump Mitchell"
},
{
"id": "804234",
"text": "was fired, and replaced with Maurice Cheeks, a \"players' coach\" who some thought would relate better to the players than Dunleavy did. Cheeks brought on Dan Panaggio as assistant coach after a failed courtship with Henry Bibby of Southern California. More transactions followed as the Blazers traded Steve Smith to the Spurs for Derek Anderson. In one of his most controversial moves to that time, Whitsitt signed free agent Ruben Patterson, who had previously pleaded no contest to a felony sexual assault charge and was required to register as a sex offender. Popular center, Arvydas Sabonis, who had a towel",
"title": "Portland Trail Blazers"
},
{
"id": "7238103",
"text": "season ended when Chris Mullin took over as the team's general manager. Musselman's .457 winning percentage with Golden State ranks ninth all-time among Warriors coaches, behind George Lee (.470), Mark Jackson (.473), Don Nelson (.487), Al Attles (.518), Bill Sharman (.534), George Senesky (.551), Frank McGuire (.613) and Neil Johnson (.617). After his two seasons as head coach of the Golden State Warriors, Musselman was an assistant coach for the Memphis Grizzlies under Mike Fratello from 2004 to 2006. On June 2, 2006, Musselman was named head coach of the Sacramento Kings, replacing Rick Adelman. Four months into the job,",
"title": "Eric Musselman"
},
{
"id": "20719703",
"text": "the chief executive officer of Vodafone Group in October 2018. In May 2018, Vittorio Colao announced that he would step down as Vodafone CEO, effective October 2018, and that he would be succeeded by Read, the finance director. Nick Read Nicholas Jonathan Read (born 1964) is a British businessman, and the CEO Vodafone Group. He earned a degree in accounting and finance from Manchester Polytechnic (now Manchester Metropolitan University) in 1986. He is a Certified Management Accountant. He worked for United Business Media Plc and Federal Express Worldwide, rising to chief financial officer for the EMEA (Europe, Middle East and",
"title": "Nick Read"
},
{
"id": "5209368",
"text": "under Tom Thibiodeau, but instead opted to become a broadcaster for the Boston Celtics. In September 2012, Scalabrine announced that he had turned down an opportunity to become an assistant coach with the Bulls so that he could join Comcast SportsNet New England as a commentator. Scalabrine described the job as \"a trial run\", and said there was a \"small possibility\" he would resume his playing career overseas in 2013. In July 2013, Golden State Warriors coach Mark Jackson announced via Twitter that Scalabrine was joining his coaching staff. During the season, Jackson reassigned Scalabrine to the Warriors' D-League affiliate",
"title": "Brian Scalabrine"
},
{
"id": "15264414",
"text": "Warren Lieberstein Warren Keith Lieberstein (born September 20, 1968) is an American writer and producer. He has worked on shows such as \"Carpoolers\" and \"The Office\", to which he has extensive ties. He is the younger brother of the show's former showrunner/actor Paul Lieberstein and brother-in-law of its developer and original producer Greg Daniels. He and Angela Kinsey (who plays Angela) were married for eight years and have a daughter who was born in 2008. The pair have remained on good terms since their divorce. Lieberstein married fellow television writer Audrey Wauchope in 2016 and they have two daughters together,",
"title": "Warren Lieberstein"
},
{
"id": "8425194",
"text": "Toomey, Jon Drummond, Alvin Kraenzlein, and Mike Powell, rowers Paul Costello, John B. Kelly Sr., and John B. Kelly Jr., figure skater Tara Lipinski, diver Elizabeth Becker-Pinkston, and sailor Don Cohan. Other prominent Philadelphia sports figures include Flyers owner Ed Snider, Philadelphia Warriors owner Eddie Gottlieb, Sixers director of statistical information Harvey Pollack, Philadelphia Athletics owner Connie Mack, former NFL commissioner Bert Bell, former Phillies general manager Pat Gillick, former Phillies managers Larry Bowa, Charlie Manuel, and Dallas Green, former Flyers coach Fred Shero, former Sixers coaches Alex Hannum and Billy Cunningham, and former Eagles head coaches Andy Reid, Greasy",
"title": "Sports in Philadelphia"
},
{
"id": "7365384",
"text": "regarding his firing in March 2010. In 2013, Skinner joined the staff of his former assistant coach, Tim O'Shea, as an assistant coach at Bryant University, and his first coaching job since being let go at Boston College. On April 26, 2015, Skinner was named the sixth head coach in school history at Kennesaw State, replacing Jimmy Lallathin. During the 1978–79 season, Skinner was traded by the New Jersey Nets to the Philadelphia 76ers along with Eric Money for Harvey Catchings and Ralph Simpson. The trade occurred while a protest filed by the Nets against the referees of an earlier",
"title": "Al Skinner"
},
{
"id": "1727670",
"text": "until the record was broken by Kyle Korver in 2010. On June 2, 2007, the Phoenix Suns named Kerr the team's president of basketball operations and general manager. Kerr helped managing partner Robert Sarver buy the Suns in 2004 and became one of Sarver's trusted basketball advisors. Kerr announced his retirement from the Suns in June 2010. Afterwards, Kerr returned as a color commentator for \"NBA on TNT\" until 2014, when he pursued a career in coaching. On May 14, 2014, the Golden State Warriors named Kerr the team's head coach. On April 4, 2015, with a win over the",
"title": "Steve Kerr"
},
{
"id": "4501362",
"text": "2007 playoff run to either trades or free agency. One bright spot was created in the 2009 NBA draft, when Nelson agreed with Larry Riley to draft Stephen Curry with their seventh overall pick, despite skepticism from critics. Curry went on to win back-to-back MVP awards and helped lead Golden State to championships in 2015, 2017, and 2018, along with Kevin Durant. On September 23, Comcast SportsNet Bay Area, Nelson announced he would resign as head coach. The \"San Francisco Chronicle\" reported that new owners Joe Lacob and Peter Guber wanted \"a young, up-and-coming coach\" to help revive the Warriors'",
"title": "Don Nelson"
},
{
"id": "4167378",
"text": "\"WUPHF.com\". Leiner died from lung cancer on October 18, 2018, at the age of 57. Danny Leiner Daniel Leiner (May 13, 1961 – October 18, 2018) was an American film director. His credits include \"The Great New Wonderful\", \"Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle\", \"Dude, Where's My Car?\", \"Layin' Low\", and \"Time Expired\". He was born in Manhattan, New York in 1961. Leiner also directed a wide range of television including \"Arrested Development\", \"Everwood\", \"Gilmore Girls\", \"Freaks and Geeks\", \"Sports Night\", \"Felicity\", \"Action\", \"The Tick\", MTV's \"Austin Stories\" and HBO's \"The Mind of the Married Man\", \"The Sopranos\" and",
"title": "Danny Leiner"
},
{
"id": "3959203",
"text": "became coach of Wigan in May 1974 before being sacked in January 1975, this would set the pattern of coaches lasting one or two seasons before being replaced. Star coach, Joe Coan then took control until he resigned in September 1976, the board accepted his decision \"with reluctance\". Vince Karalius then took over but was sacked in September 1979, he was replaced by Kel Coslett. In 1980, Wigan were relegated from the top flight for the first time in their history and Coslett was replaced by George Fairbairn as player-coach. During the second division season they recorded a record average",
"title": "Wigan Warriors"
},
{
"id": "10784974",
"text": "moves, not only like a hunting dog, but like a dog of prey. It is strong willed and confident and thrives on vigorous exercise and athletic activities. It is equally as tough in the water as it is on land. The current head coach of the team is Curtis Hodgins. The coaching staff includes Brad Gauld, Paul Ranger, and Matt Reed. Hodgins took the role leaving the Cobourg Cougars (OJHL Junior A) mid-season 2015–16 to take over the reins former Head Coach Craig Fisher formerly resigned due to medical concerns. Craig Fisher, whose hiring was announced two weeks before the",
"title": "UOIT Ridgebacks"
},
{
"id": "9373681",
"text": "club in October 2011. When Clark took over as manager of Birmingham City in June 2012, he appointed Fazackerley to the role of first-team coach. On 17 February 2014, it was widely reported that he and assistant manager Terry McDermott had left Birmingham; the club stated they had \"no comment to issue on the matter at this moment in time\". Fazackerley joined Oxford United as assistant manager under Michael Appleton on 21 July 2014. He remained at the club when Appleton joined Leicester City as assistant manager at the end of the 2016–17 season, and when Appleton's successor Pep Clotet",
"title": "Derek Fazackerley"
},
{
"id": "5209359",
"text": "New Jersey Nets selected him in the second round of the 2001 NBA draft. The Nets made consecutive NBA Finals his first two years, and Scalabrine played four seasons with the team. In 2005, he signed with the Boston Celtics and won a championship with the team in 2008. The Celtics also appeared in the 2010 NBA Finals. Scalabrine signed with the Chicago Bulls the following season, and played with them until 2012. Throughout his NBA career, Scalabrine served as a backup power forward. In 2013, Mark Jackson announced that Scalabrine would join his Golden State Warriors coaching staff. In",
"title": "Brian Scalabrine"
},
{
"id": "10016109",
"text": "Men’s Basketball Coach. Preston, an assistant to Penn State’s Ed DeChellis for the past three years, also served as an assistant to Florida’s Billy Donovan when the Gators won the National Championship in 2007 and was a member of Mike Brey’s staff at Notre Dame. Preston took a leave of absence in January 2014 citing personal and medial reasons. Preston was replaced by Jimmy Lallathin on an interim basis for the remainder of the 2013-14 season. In March 2014 Lallathin was promoted to permanent head coach. After going 10-22 in his only season in charge of the program, Lallathin was",
"title": "Kennesaw State Owls"
},
{
"id": "13617115",
"text": "Olivia Wilde in David Gelb's thriller film \"The Lazarus Effect\". Currently he is starring as real estate developer Tom Wyatt in Season 2 of the Amazon Video series \"Goliath\". Duplass was also in a Wealthsimple commercial at the beginning of 2018. Mark Duplass Mark David Duplass (born December 7, 1976) is an American film director, film producer, actor, musician, screenwriter, and author. He was a co-star of the FX television series \"The League\". He is the brother of filmmaker Jay Duplass, and together the brothers started the film production company Duplass Brothers Productions, and have directed films such as \"The",
"title": "Mark Duplass"
},
{
"id": "7341070",
"text": "Panda for the made-for television film \"Rosie: The Rosemary Clooney Story\". On July 29, 2014, Warner Bros. released the complete series on DVD in Region 1 for the very first time via their Warner Archive Collection. This is a manufacture-on-demand (MOD) release, available through Warner's online store and Amazon.com. Wizards and Warriors (TV series) Wizards and Warriors is a CBS television series from 1983, starring Jeff Conaway, Julia Duffy, Walter Olkewicz, Duncan Regehr, and Clive Revill. Eight one-hour episodes were made. The series was created by Don Reo for Warner Bros. Television and three of the episodes were directed by",
"title": "Wizards and Warriors (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "17506835",
"text": "with UEFA standards. Due to the unique location of the BJK İnönü Stadium, which is considered one of the best in the world, and its legal status as a \"historic monument\" protected by the Turkish High Council of Monuments, the renewal project had to be modified and postponed several times and all official requests, efforts, renewal attempts were denied. In 2008, former club president Yildirim Demirören launched a project designed by HOK sports, with a design capacity of 42,000 spectators. However, this project was also cancelled because of concerns regarding how the new project didn't suit the historical environment of",
"title": "Vodafone Park"
},
{
"id": "1727699",
"text": "Trump's disrespectful public discourse and his disappointment with the election results. Kerr has been a strong supporter of gun control. ! colspan=\"2\"|Career || 328 || 265 || 63 || || || 83 || 63 || 20 || || Steve Kerr Stephen Douglas Kerr (born September 27, 1965) is an American professional basketball coach and former player. He is the current head coach of the Golden State Warriors. Kerr is an eight-time NBA champion, having won five titles as a player (three with the Chicago Bulls and two with the San Antonio Spurs) as well as three with the Warriors as",
"title": "Steve Kerr"
},
{
"id": "5402631",
"text": "interview with ESPN, Rashad McCants claimed Doherty knew about fake classes that kept McCants eligible to play at North Carolina. Doherty denied the accusations on his Twitter account. Doherty was named head basketball coach of the Florida Atlantic Owls on April 18, 2005, taking over from Sidney Green, who was fired over a month earlier. Doherty was the fifth coach in FAU's history and the last coach to coach while FAU was in the Atlantic Sun Conference. Hurricane Wilma damaged FAU Arena and forced Doherty's Owls team to practice at Bishop Moore High School and the Champions Sport Complex in",
"title": "Matt Doherty (basketball)"
},
{
"id": "14688999",
"text": "at UCLA, including Dot Richardson, Lisa Fernandez (the first softball player to win the Honda-Broderick Cup as the top female collegiate athlete), Sheila Cornell-Douty, Kerry Dienelt, Debbie Doom, Jennifer Brundage, Joanne Brown, Tanya Harding, Sue Enquist, Lisa Longaker (three-time All-American), Samantha Ford, Tiffany Boyd, Lorraine Maynez, DeeDee Weiman, Yvonne Gutierrez, Heather Compton, Tracy Compton, Shanna Flynn, Shelly Montgomery, Missy Phillips, Leslie Rover, Monica Tourville, Lisa Richardson, Jan Jeffers, Karen Andrews, Tricia Mang, Alleah Poulson and Jancie Park. In 1998, Backus coached the Orlando Wahoos in the Women's Pro Fastpitch league. WPF league director Rayla Allison said at the time, \"With",
"title": "Sharron Backus"
},
{
"id": "12962992",
"text": "Cory Peoples Cory Peoples (born July 23, 1981) is a former professional American and Canadian football safety who is currently the cornerbacks coach of the Georgia Southern University Eagles. He was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at South Carolina. Peoples has also been a member of the Toronto Argonauts. The Philadelphia Eagles announced, in 2012, that as part of the Bill Walsh Minority Coaching Fellowship, the team has hired six interns to the 2012 coaching staff. Correll Buckhalter, William Fuller, Don Holmes, Greg Lewis, Corey Peoples, and Montae Reagor",
"title": "Cory Peoples"
},
{
"id": "12969774",
"text": "Council of Learned Societies Fellowship (2001), a Phi Beta Kappa Society Teacher Award (2006), and a Guggenheim Fellowship (2011). His most recent book, Bolshoi Confidential: Secrets of the Russian Ballet from the Tsars to Today, was published by Liveright (W.W. Norton) in 2016, with additional translations and editions from Random House (Canada), Fourth Estate (UK), and Belfond (France). It was widely reviewed in major news outlets and shortlisted for the Pushkin House Prize. His biography of Lina Prokofiev, the composer's first wife, was published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in 2013. \"\" was featured on BBC Radio 4 (as \"Book of",
"title": "Simon Morrison"
},
{
"id": "5749388",
"text": "Shawn Ryan Shawn Ryan (born October 11, 1966 in Rockford, Illinois) is an American screenwriter and television producer. He created or co-created a number of TV drama series, including \"The Shield\" (2002–08), \"The Chicago Code\" (2011), \"Last Resort\" (2012–13), \"Timeless\" (2016–present) and \"S.W.A.T.\" (2017–present). He also produced \"The Unit\" (2006–09), \"Lie to Me\" (2009–11)\", Terriers\" (2010), and \"Mad Dogs\" (2015–16). Shawn Ryan grew up in Rockford, Illinois. His mother is a schoolteacher and his father is a CPA. He said he had \"a very good family upbringing\" and was interested in 1970 sitcoms as a child. After graduating from Middlebury",
"title": "Shawn Ryan"
},
{
"id": "12291955",
"text": "50% while selling off the other half to New Zealand billionaire Owen Glenn. However, in 2015, he increased his share to 100% becoming the sole-owner of the 'Vodafone Warriors' Franchise. The firm has an international property portfolio, including commercial assets and residential development, predominantly in New Zealand, the US and UK. The Watson Foundation is a charitable trust established by Cullen Investments to enrich the lives of underprivileged children and young people and assist with their needs, including care, support, protection, health and education. The foundation sponsored till about 2011 charities such as The First Tee of New Zealand. He",
"title": "Eric Watson (businessman)"
},
{
"id": "7064050",
"text": "Jenny Boucek Jennifer Dawn Boucek (born December 20, 1973) is an assistant basketball coach for the Dallas Mavericks, a former basketball player, and former head coach of the Seattle Storm. She was hired by the Storm on January 20, 2015, but terminated on August 10, 2017 as the team failed to meet the expectations that came along with the acquisition of consecutive top draft picks Jewell Loyd and Breanna Stewart. Boucek was previously the head coach for the Sacramento Monarchs from November 15, 2006 until July 12, 2009. Born Jennifer Dawn Boucek in Nashville, Tennessee, Boucek was a four-year starting",
"title": "Jenny Boucek"
},
{
"id": "17506838",
"text": "all stadiums across the country . One day later, the TFF (Turkish Football Federation) confirmed the word would be removed accordingly. One week after, Beşiktaş JK announced the Vodafone Arena was renamed to Vodafone Park . Vodafone Park was designed by the architectural firm DB Architects. Bünyamin Derman served as the project's Architect of record. The stadium meets UEFA Category 4 criteria, the strictest in the ranking defined by UEFA regulations for stadium infrastructure. Vodafone Park differs from modern stadiums by 3 design goals imposed by the authority and nature of the construction site. Thanks to these design goals \"the",
"title": "Vodafone Park"
},
{
"id": "3959238",
"text": "2018, but wouldn't become coach until the end of the 2018 campaign when Shaun Wane left for Scotland Rugby Union. Lam will remain coach until the end of the 2019 season when Shaun Edwards takes over after finishing his commitments with Wales Rugby Union. The Head of Strength & Conditioning is Mark Bitcon. Mick Turner will continue as a Strength & Conditioning coach. Paul Deacon has also been appointed as an assistant coach after his role as a player in the 2010 and 2011 seasons. Kris Radlinski is the current Rugby General Manager at the club. Note *only Championship, Challenge",
"title": "Wigan Warriors"
},
{
"id": "15859999",
"text": "in his honour. In 1975–76, Drake took a break from the Golden Bears to serve as the head coach of the Edmonton Oilers of the WHA. He also coached Team Canada at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, and led Team Canada International to a gold medal at the Spengler Cup in Davos, Switzerland in 1983. He was an assistant coach for the Winnipeg Jets, consulted for several NHL teams and assisted the Canadian national women's team. In 2017, Drake was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in the builder category. He died in Edmonton on May 13,",
"title": "Clare Drake"
},
{
"id": "10152606",
"text": "Scott Nagy Scott Michael Nagy (born June 7, 1966) is an American college basketball coach and the current head coach for Wright State Raiders men's basketball. He had previously served as head coach at South Dakota State for 21 seasons (1995–2016). Born in Abilene, Texas, Nagy attended St. Matthews grade school in Champaign, Illinois and Champaign Centennial High School, which he graduated from in 1984. His father is Dick Nagy, who was a University of Illinois assistant basketball coach under Lou Henson. Nagy played basketball collegiately at Delta State University, where he currently holds school records for most career games",
"title": "Scott Nagy"
},
{
"id": "12810833",
"text": "State men's basketball team has had 21 head coaches, with one interim (2008). Both Amory T. \"Slats\" Gill and Ralph Miller are members of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Craig Robinson, the coach preceding Wayne Tinkle, was hired by OSU in 2008 out of Brown University, where he had just coached the Bears to a school-record 19 wins. Robinson is the brother of United States first lady Michelle Obama, and the brother-in-law to United States President Barack Obama. The longest-tenured head coach was Slats Gill, who was the coach for 36 seasons, winning 599 games during his time",
"title": "Oregon State Beavers men's basketball"
},
{
"id": "13215298",
"text": "13 Dave van Mol 22 Dominik Rozman Dennis Unk 25 Peter Wickström 47 Bob Teunissen Akim Ramoul Ivy van den Heuvel Leo van den Thillart Coach Cornel van de Thillart Assistant coach None. Once: 1986 Michel Galarneau (Hartford Whalers) Claude Boileau (Flint, Michigan) Jean-Piere Dubois (Flint, Michigan) Jean-Louis Roy (Bowdoin Polar Bears) Ray Irwin (Sudbury, 1978 215 overall NHL Draft pick for Washington Capitals 1978) Florian Pedevilla Rich Boprey Scott McKay Adam Spinarsky Brent Patry James Hannon Vincent Paolucci Dave Piromalli Roger Provencher Ward Laurie Dave Bell Kenny Corp Dave Livingstone Dave Livingston Tom Hartogs Theo van Gerwen Mike Louwers",
"title": "Eindhoven Kemphanen"
},
{
"id": "12563632",
"text": "Times Rich List, coming in at number 370, with an estimated worth of £200 million ($326 million). In May 2013, Williams announced he was stepping aside as CEO to become a non-executive director. Former chief marketing officer of Vodafone, Wendy Becker, was appointed as CEO soon afterwards. In February 2014, it was announced that fashion designer Richard Nicoll was to become the new creative director of Jack Wills, to come into effect Spring 2015. As of 2015, Williams was reinstated as working CEO on the board after the departure of Becker. Richard Nicoll also parted ways with the company amicably",
"title": "Jack Wills"
},
{
"id": "4816985",
"text": "and the booth the past two years, also became a full-time game analyst, joining Albert and Fratello on the sidelines. Prior to Kerr's departure in the summer of 2014 to become the head coach of the Golden State Warriors, he was part of a three-man booth with his YES counterpart Marv Albert and Steve Kerr. Since the 2008–09 season, Fratello had worked with Marv Albert and Ian Eagle on New Jersey/Brooklyn Nets games on the YES Network. Fratello was hired after the unexpected resignation of former color analyst Mark Jackson from the network. For the 2017-18 season, he served as",
"title": "Mike Fratello"
},
{
"id": "4167377",
"text": "Danny Leiner Daniel Leiner (May 13, 1961 – October 18, 2018) was an American film director. His credits include \"The Great New Wonderful\", \"Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle\", \"Dude, Where's My Car?\", \"Layin' Low\", and \"Time Expired\". He was born in Manhattan, New York in 1961. Leiner also directed a wide range of television including \"Arrested Development\", \"Everwood\", \"Gilmore Girls\", \"Freaks and Geeks\", \"Sports Night\", \"Felicity\", \"Action\", \"The Tick\", MTV's \"Austin Stories\" and HBO's \"The Mind of the Married Man\", \"The Sopranos\" and \"How to Make It in America\". He also directed an episode of \"The Office\" entitled",
"title": "Danny Leiner"
},
{
"id": "17403192",
"text": "Jon Spoelstra Jon Spoelstra is an American author, sports marketer, and a former National Basketball Association executive for the Buffalo Braves, Portland Trail Blazers, Denver Nuggets and New Jersey Nets. He is the co-founder of SRO Partners, and he currently serves as president of Mandalay Sports Entertainment. Spoelstra graduated from Notre Dame in 1966. Spoelstra was a judge at the Miss America 2004 contest. He and his wife Elisa Celino have two children: Monica and Erik, who is the current head coach of the Miami Heat. Spoelstra's own father was sports writer Watson Spoelstra. After graduating from Notre Dame in",
"title": "Jon Spoelstra"
},
{
"id": "16658936",
"text": "April 24, 2017 for family reasons. Assistant Coach Rick Schantz was named Interim Head Coach. Former Ligue 1 and Mali national team coach Patrice Carteron was named Rising FC Head Coach on May 22, 2017. In the second half of the season, the Rising won 11 games, tied 3 and lost only one. This included 11 straight games without a loss with a five game winning streak, both team records. Jason Johnson lead the team with 13 goals. Didier Drogba scored 9 goals, even though he was out for a few weeks with a groin injury. During the unbeaten streak,",
"title": "Phoenix Rising FC"
},
{
"id": "19912072",
"text": "able to play at Waterloo that year. Consequently, the Warriors finished winless in eight games in their return to the OUA. The team was coached by Dennis McPhee, who was the former head coach of the St. Francis Xavier X-Men football team where he won Atlantic University Sport coach of the year in 2002. McPhee resigned as head coach on November 22, 2011. The team was then led by Joe Paopao for 2012 and 2013 seasons before his resignation and Marshall Bingeman's appointment as interim head coach for 2014. Chris Bertoia was hired as Head Coach and Manager of Football",
"title": "Waterloo Warriors football"
},
{
"id": "17623682",
"text": "21 years of age, Gray was named captain of Glasgow Warriors in November 2015, taking over from recently retired mentor Alastair Kellock. He became a co-captain with Henry Pyrgos for the 2016-17 season but following the arrival of Dave Rennie as Warriors Head Coach the club has reverted to a sole captaincy. For the 2017-18 season Rennie named Ryan Wilson as captain though Gray remains in the leadership group. In December 2017, it was announced that, after rejecting an offer from Bristol Rugby, Gray had extended his contract at the Warriors until May 2020. In 2012, Jonny Gray was announced",
"title": "Jonny Gray"
},
{
"id": "17792434",
"text": "Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:",
"title": "Timeline of women's education"
},
{
"id": "8507787",
"text": "son called Hussein. From 2011 to 2017, Farah lived with his family in Portland, Oregon, so that he could train full-time with the Nike Oregon Project. At the end of 2017 he cut ties with his coach Alberto Salazar and decided to return to London. His statement said \"Tania and I realised how much we have missed spending time with our friends and family - and the kids are so happy here, too. We want the kids to grow up in the UK. It's the right thing to do for my family. Farah is a Muslim, and is an active",
"title": "Mo Farah"
},
{
"id": "20001390",
"text": "playoffs. On December 30, 2016, he was sacked by s.Oliver Würzburg after seven defeats in ten games. On February 8, 2017, struggling Bundesliga side SC Rasta Vechta announced the appointment of Doug Spradley as head coach, but could not avoid relegation from the German top tier. Spradley was granted German citizenship in 1998. He has two children with his German wife Tanja. Doug Spradley Douglas Spradley (born September 14, 1966 in Tacoma, Washington) is an American-German professional basketball coach and former professional basketball player. Spradley played college basketball at Gonzaga University (1986-89), where he earned West Coast Conference First team",
"title": "Doug Spradley"
},
{
"id": "16830043",
"text": "season as part of the Seven Network's football commentary team. Several of Ratten's assistants also departed after 2012, and Malthouse restructured the coaching panel. Senior assistant coach Alan Richardson and midfield assistant coaches Mark Riley and Paul Williams were all sacked with time remaining on their contracts, and development coach and Northern Blues senior coach Darren Harris left the club to pursue a career in leadership consulting. Western Australian state Under-16s coach Robert Wiley, who had previously worked as an assistant coach under Malthouse at , joined the club in the new role of Director of Coaching and Development, and",
"title": "2013 Carlton Football Club season"
},
{
"id": "6709996",
"text": "Paul Mara Paul Richard Mara (born September 7, 1979 born in Ridgewood, New Jersey, and raised in Belmont, Massachusetts) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who played 12 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected 7th overall by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. His older brother, Rob Mara, was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks in eleventh round of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. Paul was the assistant coach of the 2018 Olympic United States women's national ice hockey team. In May 2018, he was named the head coach of the",
"title": "Paul Mara"
},
{
"id": "7035687",
"text": "January 2017, the previously liquidated Bradford Bulls was under control of Lowe. His first move at the club was to remove then-current coach Rohan Smith with replaced by former Manly Sea Eagles coach Geoff Toovey. The announcement of the replacement was followed by the signing of the Samoa Rugby Union Sevens sensation Phoenix Hunapo-Nofoa. Lowe was awarded the Queen's Service Medal for community service in the 1986 New Year Honours. In the 2013 New Year Honours, Lowe was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to the community. Graham Lowe Graham Michael Lowe is currently",
"title": "Graham Lowe"
},
{
"id": "20164789",
"text": "as Dragons with immediate effect. A new crest was also unveiled. This followed the replacement of Kingsley Jones as Head Coach with Bernard Jackman earlier in the month. In August 2017, South African Hendré Marnitz, then head coach of Currie Cup side Blue Bulls, was confirmed as the Dragons' defence coach for the upcoming season. In the same month, Barry Maddocks was appointed as the Dragons' skills coach. Ospreys came into the season with Steve Tandy as head coach. Tandy was sacked in January 2018, following a poor run of results in the league and in Europe. The team's forwards",
"title": "2017–18 Pro14"
},
{
"id": "16614285",
"text": "Ruhuna Royals Ruhuna Royals was a franchise cricket team that took part in Sri Lanka Premier League, representing Southern Province. Pearl Overseas Limited purchased the team for $4.6 million in 2012. They was owned for seven years, after which a new agreement may be negotiated. Star Pakistani all-rounder Shahid Afridi joined the franchise for the 2012 season after leaving Nagenahira Nagas for low payments. Pakistani fast-bowling legend Waqar Younis joined as the head coach of the franchise. Galle International Stadium is a Cricket Stadium in Golden Galle It would be one of oldest venue in world cricket. Capacity 50,000 &",
"title": "Ruhuna Royals"
},
{
"id": "3265904",
"text": "vote to stay in. Bushill-Matthews is the author of 'The Gravy Train' published in 2003 (with a foreword by William Hague) and 'Who Rules Britannia?' in 2005. His third book, 'The Eras of La Gomera', was published in summer 2018. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Directors. Philip Bushill-Matthews Philip Bushill-Matthews (born 15 January 1943 in Droitwich) was a British politician and was a Conservative Member of the European Parliament for the West Midlands. At Oxford University he became President of the O.U.Broadcasting Society, and Secretary of the O.U. Dramatic Society (OUDS) in succession to Michael York, with",
"title": "Philip Bushill-Matthews"
},
{
"id": "9091391",
"text": "for generally having too much sensationalism and not enough journalism in their stories. He has also defended the network's choice of games to broadcast and their coverage of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, which was criticized by many soccer fans. Solomon stepped down from this position at the end of his contract. On April 1, 2007, Le Anne Schreiber, a former sports editor of \"The New York Times\", became the new ombudsman for ESPN and will serve a fixed two-year term. He edited Shirley Povich's book \"All Those Mornings at the Post\". Beginning in 2003, Solomon has taught Sports journalism",
"title": "George Solomon"
},
{
"id": "5019642",
"text": "up north, with the Warriors becoming increasingly impatient with out-of-favour Brian Noble especially after their poor start to the season; however this proved to be unfounded, with the Warriors instead hiring Melbourne Storm assistant coach Michael Maguire. In April 2009 Farrell announced his retirement and said he was taking up a coaching role with Saracens at the end of the season. Farrell was promoted to Saracens first-team coach at the end of 2010 after impressing as skills coach. The RFU announced on 8 December 2011 that both he and Graham Rowntree were to join the national coaching team, led by",
"title": "Andy Farrell"
},
{
"id": "4269233",
"text": "of television series, including \"Laverne & Shirley\" and \"Sisters\". He joined the regular cast of \"Hill Street Blues\" in 1981 playing officer Joe Coffey until 1986. He also appeared in the 2006 film \"Circus Island\". Marinaro played the head football coach for three seasons on Spike TV's comedy, \"Blue Mountain State\". In May 2015 Tuff TV, a multicast television network targeted at men, named Marinaro as the diginet’s first celebrity spokesman. Marinaro has a son, Eddie, with fitness expert Tracy York. Ed Marinaro Ed Marinaro (born March 31, 1950) is a former American football player and actor. In 1971, he",
"title": "Ed Marinaro"
},
{
"id": "10149784",
"text": "Rob Jeter Robert DeLafayette Jeter III (born ) is an American college basketball coach and current assistant coach at Minnesota. He most recently served as head coach of the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee Panthers basketball team. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Jeter grew up in Chicago, Illinois. His father Bob (1937–2008) was a Rose Bowl MVP as a halfback for the Iowa Hawkeyes and a second round pick in the 1960 NFL draft. He was later a defensive back in the NFL for the Green Bay Packers under Vince Lombardi and a member of the Packer Hall of Fame and Rose Bowl",
"title": "Rob Jeter"
},
{
"id": "17506828",
"text": "provide a live TV broadcast, advertising systems, player information etc. The new stadium also has 2,123 square metres of restaurants, 2,520 square metres of terrace restaurants and a VIP parking capacity of 600 vehicles. The ground is a 'smart stadium', where fans enjoy StadiumVision and high-speed Wi-Fi technology, planned in conjunction with Cisco. Demolition works on the BJK İnönü Stadium started on 2 June 2013, following the end of promotion play-offs for the TFF First League. The estimated cost of the project at the time was around $80 million. The new stadium was designed by Bünyamin Derman of DB architects.",
"title": "Vodafone Park"
},
{
"id": "3027273",
"text": "Robinson, where he flourished under newly signed coach Lenny Wilkens. He spent seven years with the Hawks, leading them in career three-point field goals (made and attempted) and career steals. He was also selected for the 1994 NBA All-Star Game. He was traded to the Golden State Warriors in a deal that brought Bimbo Coles, Duane Ferrell, and the 1999 10th overall draft pick, Jason Terry, to Atlanta, and finished off his career playing as a reserve for the Warriors. Fans of the basketball player, the band members of Pearl Jam originally named their group \"Mookie Blaylock\", but they were",
"title": "Mookie Blaylock"
},
{
"id": "18299506",
"text": "Companies Coach: Adam Hollioake (England) Full Squad: Shapoor Zadran (c), Abdul Baqi, Cameron Delport (South Africa), Rayad Emrit (West Indies), Fazal Niazai, Gulbadin Naib, Juma Gul, Jeevan Mendis (Sri Lanka), Mujeeb Zadran, Munir Ahmad, Nasir Khan Jan, Nawroz Mangal, Shabir Noori, Tariq Stanikzai, Morne van Wyk (South Africa) (wk), Waheedullah Shafaq, Waqar Ishakqai and Zia-ur-Rehman Kabul Eagles Owner: General Petroleum (GP) Coach: Augustin Logie (West Indies) Full Squad: Asghar Stanikzai (c), Abdullah Mazari, Fareed Ahmad, Hamid Hassan, Hashmatullah Shahidi, Imran Janat, Karim Janat, Karim Sadiq, Khalibar Omar, Solomon Mire (Zimbabwe), Mohammad Ibrahim, Mohammad Sardar, Richmond Mutumbami (Zimbabwe) (wk), Sayed Nasratullah,",
"title": "Shpageeza Cricket League"
},
{
"id": "15742943",
"text": "Gwendoline Christie Gwendoline Tracey Philippa Christie (born 28 October 1978) is an English actress and model. She is best known for portraying the warrior Brienne of Tarth in the HBO fantasy-drama series \"Game of Thrones\" since 2012, and the First Order stormtrooper Captain Phasma in \"\" (2015) and \"\" (2017). Gwendoline Tracey Philippa Christie was born in Worthing, West Sussex, to a housewife mother and a father who worked in sales and marketing. She grew up in a hamlet near the South Downs. She trained as a gymnast as a child: after a spine injury, she took up acting. Around",
"title": "Gwendoline Christie"
},
{
"id": "10022093",
"text": "left him without authority to fix the program's more serious issues. He publicly clashed with the Gators' temperamental star center Dwayne Schintzius when DeVoe attempted to impose a new conditioning program and a measure of team discipline. Schintzius quit mid-season, ostensibly over DeVoe's demand that he get a haircut, and the Gators finished 7–21 overall and 3–15 in the SEC. After he was let go by Florida, he was succeeded by Lon Kruger. DeVoe served as the head coach of the Navy Midshipmen men's basketball team from 1992 to 2004. He led the Midshipmen to a 182–155 record, a 26–3",
"title": "Don DeVoe"
},
{
"id": "7078951",
"text": "the past two years, I'm ready for some peace and quiet. After this string of successes, I could transfer to just about any club in Europe. I have a problem with the finality of saying 'never'. But I can assure you that I have no intention of coaching again. I had a worthy ending.\" He was replaced by Pep Guardiola, who had his first training session on 26 June 2013. On 6 October 2017, Heynckes was appointed Bayern Munich manager until the end of the 2017–18 season. Carlo Ancelotti was dismissed and Willy Sagnol managed the team on 1 October",
"title": "Jupp Heynckes"
},
{
"id": "3103657",
"text": "Ken Hitchcock Ken Hitchcock (born December 17, 1951) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach. He is the head coach for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL). Hitchcock previously coached the Dallas Stars (1996–2002, 2017–2018), Philadelphia Flyers (2002–2006), Columbus Blue Jackets (2006–2010), and St. Louis Blues (2011–2017). He also served as an assistant coach for the 2014 Canadian Olympic national team. Hitchcock won a Stanley Cup with the Stars in 1999. He is the third winningest coach in NHL history with a total of 823 victories. While growing up playing hockey in western Canada, Hitchcock found he",
"title": "Ken Hitchcock"
}
] | who is the longest serving coach of the vodafone warriors |
|
| [
{
"id": "1897015",
"text": "international protocols. Such signs were first developed in Europe, and have been adopted by most countries to varying degrees. Various international conventions have helped to achieve a degree of uniformity in Traffic Signing in various countries. Traffic signs can be grouped into several types. For example, Annexe 1 of the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals (1968), which on 30 June 2004 had 52 signatory countries, defines eight categories of signs: In the United States, Canada, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand signs are categorized as follows: In the United States, the categories, placement, and graphic standards for traffic signs",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "10899027",
"text": "can be as little as 30 cm (0.98 ft) in diameter. The mandatory sign group is not used in Australia, Ecuador, or the United States, none of which are signatories to the Vienna Convention. Canada has developed its own style using a green circle, which is not used in any other country. The U.S. and Australia instead uses black arrows and border on taller-than-wide rectangular white signs, often with the word ONLY below the arrow. Below is a chart comparing some of the most common mandatory signs. Mandatory road signs can be used to allocate certain areas to specific vehicles",
"title": "Mandatory sign"
},
{
"id": "10899026",
"text": "Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968, and are often seen not just on their own, but used in conjunction with other signs, traffic lights and bollards as a form of visual shorthand within these objects. In Vienna Convention signatories, the mandatory sign is either a light blue circle with a white border (Type A) or a white circle with a red border (Type B). The sign must be at least 60 cm (1.96 ft) across on rural roads, or 40 cm (1.31 ft) in built-up areas, although mandatory signs incorporated in traffic lights, bollards or larger road signs",
"title": "Mandatory sign"
},
{
"id": "1897060",
"text": "somewhat more pictorial than their American counterparts. This is also true for Canadian signage. Regulatory signs also follow European practice, with a white circle with a red border indicating prohibitive actions, and a blue circle indicating mandatory actions. White rectangular signs with a red border indicate lane usage directions. Information and direction signs are rectangular, with a green background indicating a state highway, a blue background for all other roads and all services (except in some, where directional signage is white), and a brown background for tourist attractions. Before 1987, most road signs had black backgrounds – diamonds indicated warnings,",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "2884217",
"text": "a black cross. The red octagon with \"STOP\" in the English language has become the most common version of the stop sign used around the world because STOP is the international standard. However, many countries use different variations. Stop sign A stop sign is a traffic sign to notify drivers that they must come to a complete stop and make sure no other road users are coming before proceeding. The 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals allows for two types of stop sign as well as three acceptable variants. Sign B2a is a red octagon with the inscription",
"title": "Stop sign"
},
{
"id": "13222796",
"text": "Road signs in the United States In the United States, road signs are, for the most part, standardized by federal regulations, most notably in the \"Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices\" (MUTCD) and its companion volume the \"Standard Highway Signs\" (SHS). There are no plans for adopting the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals standards. Twenty-three states along with the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico use the manual without any alterations, 20 states have adopted it in conjunction with a supplemental volume, and seven states have a state version in substantial conformance to the MUTCD. There are also",
"title": "Road signs in the United States"
},
{
"id": "2884190",
"text": "to be in either English or the national language of the particular country. The finalized version by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Conference on Road Traffic in 1968 (and in force in 1978) proposed the standard stop sign diameters of 600, 900 or 1200 mm. The United Kingdom and New Zealand stop signs are 750, 900 or 1200 mm, according to sign location and traffic speeds. In the United States, stop signs have a size of 750 mm across opposite flats of the red octagon, with a 20 mm white border. The white uppercase letters in small caps",
"title": "Stop sign"
},
{
"id": "10899025",
"text": "Mandatory sign Mandatory signs are road signs which are used to set the obligations of all traffic which use a specific area of road. Unlike prohibitory signs, mandatory signs tell traffic what it must do, rather than must not do. Most mandatory road signs are circular, may use white symbols on a blue background with white border or black symbols on a white background with a red border, although the latter is also associated with prohibitory signs. Mandatory signs are a subset of the regulatory sign group as defined by the United Nations Economic and Social Council in the Vienna",
"title": "Mandatory sign"
},
{
"id": "1897014",
"text": "Traffic sign Traffic signs or road signs are signs erected at the side of or above roads to give instructions or provide information to road users. The earliest signs were simple wooden or stone milestones. Later, signs with directional arms were introduced, for example, the fingerposts in the United Kingdom and their wooden counterparts in Saxony. With traffic volumes increasing since the 1930s, many countries have adopted pictorial signs or otherwise simplified and standardized their signs to overcome language barriers, and enhance traffic safety. Such pictorial signs use symbols (often silhouettes) in place of words and are usually based on",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "13222797",
"text": "localized hi versions that are used in large cities such as New York City which use a naming system compatible with the MUTCD and/or state supplement. The MUTCD and SHS establish seven general categories of signs for road and highway use (all signs from national MUTCD, unless noted). Regulatory signs give instructions to motorists, pedestrians, and cyclists. Signs such as stop, no parking, no turns, and yield are considered regulatory signs. Some have special shapes, such as the octagon for the stop sign and the X shape for railroad crossings. Some signs can be localized, such as no parking, and",
"title": "Road signs in the United States"
},
{
"id": "2884189",
"text": "Stop sign A stop sign is a traffic sign to notify drivers that they must come to a complete stop and make sure no other road users are coming before proceeding. The 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals allows for two types of stop sign as well as three acceptable variants. Sign B2a is a red octagon with the inscription \"STOP\" in white. Sign B2b is a red circle with a red inverted triangle with either a white or yellow background, and the inscription \"STOP\" in either black or dark blue. The Convention allows for the word \"STOP\"",
"title": "Stop sign"
},
{
"id": "9999594",
"text": "Traffic sign design Traffic sign design involves any tasks in the process of designing traffic signage. Traffic signs may provide information about the law, warn about dangerous conditions and guide roadway users. Traffic signs vary depending upon their use, using different symbols, colors and shapes for easy identification. Regulatory signs “give a direction that must be obeyed.” Often these signs show content or action that is either mandatory or prohibited and these two modes are signified by colour (i.e. blue and red), orientation (i.e. filled circle and an open circle with diagonal line through the centre) and/or shape (i.e. square",
"title": "Traffic sign design"
},
{
"id": "1897061",
"text": "and rectangles indicated regulatory actions (with the exception of the Give Way sign (an inverted trapezium), and Stop sign and speed limit signs (which were the same as today)). Information signs were yellow, and direction signage was green on motorways and black everywhere else. Road signs in Caribbean, Central America, and South America vary from country to country. For the most part, conventions in signage tend to resemble United States signage conventions more so than European and Asian conventions. For example, warning signs are typically diamond-shaped and yellow rather than triangular and white. Some variations include the \"Parking\" and \"No",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "6309046",
"text": "Gantry (road sign) A gantry (also known as a sign holder, road sign holder, sign structure or road sign structure) is a traffic sign assembly in which signs are mounted or railway signals are supported on an overhead support. They also often contain the apparatus for traffic monitoring systems and cameras, or open road tolling systems. Gantries are usually built on high-traffic roads or routes with several lanes, where signs posted on the side of the highway would be hard for drivers to see. Gantries may be cantilevered or one sided on the left, right and center (sometimes referred to",
"title": "Gantry (road sign)"
},
{
"id": "1897063",
"text": "construction). In certain cases, the yellow colour is shifted to fluorescent yellow (in the School area sign and Chevron sign). Mandatory signs are similar to European signs. They are circular with a red border, a white background and a black symbol. Stop sign and Yield sign are as European, except the word \"Stop\" is changed for \"Pare\" and the Yield sign has no letters, it is a red triangle with white centre. Information signs have many shapes and colours. Principally they are blue with white symbols and in many cases these signs have an information letter below the symbol. Road",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "15958134",
"text": "Road traffic control device Road traffic control devices are markers, signs and signal devices used to inform, guide and control traffic, including pedestrians, motor vehicle drivers and bicyclists. These devices are usually placed adjacent, over or along the highways, roads, traffic facilities and other public areas that require traffic control. Traffic signs are signs which use words and/or symbols to convey information to road users. These devices are made with retroreflective materials that reflect light from headlights back towards the driver's eyes. This is to achieve maximum visibility especially at night. Variable-message signs, or VMS, are electronic traffic control signs",
"title": "Road traffic control device"
},
{
"id": "13523289",
"text": "conveys its meaning through the depiction of a raised hand. Signs warning of hazardous conditions or dangerous situations (e.g. \"Intersection\" or \"Steep incline ahead\" bear a black-on-white symbol inside a red-bordered triangle (point uppermost). With the exception of the special shapes used for \"Stop\" and \"Yield\" signs (respectively, an octagon and a downward-pointing triangle), signs giving orders are circular and are of two kinds: Signs giving information are generally rectangular (sometimes pointed at one end in the case of direction signage). Highways in Israel are classified as: Route-marker signs are also colour-coded: Most directional signs to towns and cities are:",
"title": "Road signs in Israel"
},
{
"id": "15958137",
"text": "surface markings are traffic control devices that are applied directly to the road surfaces. They are used to guide and channel traffic by designating lanes and indicating stopping points at intersections. Pavement markings may be permanent or removable. Rumble strips are roughened surfaces that are either embossed or recessed. When a vehicle drives over them, they make a loud rumbling sound and vibration. They can be placed across traffic lanes to alert drivers that they are approaching a potentially hazardous location, such as a work zone or an isolated intersection. They are used along the shoulders or centerlines of highways",
"title": "Road traffic control device"
},
{
"id": "11312769",
"text": "warning message; green shows permitted traffic movements or directional guidance; fluorescent yellow/green indicates pedestrian crossings and school zones; orange is used for warning and guidance in roadway work zones; coral is used for incident management signs; blue indicates road user services, tourist information, and evacuation routes; and brown is for guidance to sites of public recreation or cultural interest. Sign shape can also alert roadway users to the type of information displayed on a sign. Traffic regulations are conveyed in signs that are rectangular with the longer direction vertical or square. Additional regulatory signs are octagons for stop and inverted",
"title": "Driving in the United States"
},
{
"id": "1897020",
"text": "was considering proposals for standardization of road signage. In 1903 the British government introduced four \"national\" signs based on shape, but the basic patterns of most traffic signs were set at the 1908 International Road Congress in Paris. In 1909, nine European governments agreed on the use of four pictorial symbols, indicating \"bump\", \"curve\", \"intersection\", and \"grade-level railroad crossing\". The intensive work on international road signs that took place between 1926 and 1949 eventually led to the development of the European road sign system. Both Britain and the United States developed their own road signage systems, both of which were",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "1416892",
"text": "system for products and processes. It may be extended by analogy to provide a greater range of intermediate colours, with red and green at the extremes. In Unicode, the symbol for « horizontal traffic light » is U+1F6A5 (🚥). Also, « vertical traffic light » is U+1F6A6 (🚦). Traffic light Traffic lights, also known as traffic signals, traffic lamps, traffic semaphore, signal lights, stop lights, robots (in South Africa and most of Africa), and traffic control signals (in technical parlance), are signalling devices positioned at road intersections, pedestrian crossings, and other locations to control flows of traffic. The world's first",
"title": "Traffic light"
},
{
"id": "1897032",
"text": "signs and signals. As a result, in Western Europe the traffic signs are well standardized, although there are still some country-specific exceptions, mostly dating from the pre-1968 era. The principle of the European traffic sign standard is that certain shapes and colours are to be used with consistent meanings: Directional signs (\"guide signs\" in American parlance) have not been harmonized under the Convention, at least not on ordinary roads. As a result, there are substantial differences in directional signage throughout Europe. Differences apply to the choice of typeface, arrows and, most notably, colours. The convention does, however, specify that the",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "10899028",
"text": "- the Vienna Convention explicitly mentions footpaths, cyclepaths and bridleways, but tramways, bus lanes, taxi lanes, HOV lanes and snow mobile tracks can also be designated with mandatory signs. When a specific area of roadway is designated with a mandatory sign specifying a vehicle type, all traffic of this type must use this area if possible. These signs can be combined by putting one pictogram above the other. If the pictograms are side-by-side however, with the sign divided by a white vertical line, each type of vehicle must stay within the lane indicated by the sign. A red line through",
"title": "Mandatory sign"
},
{
"id": "1897049",
"text": "Wales (English/Welsh or Welsh/English), and similar signs are beginning to be seen in parts of the Scottish Highlands (English/Scottish Gaelic). All signs and their associated regulations can be found in the Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions, as updated by the TSRGD 2008, TSRGD 2011 and TSRGD 2016 and complemented by the various chapters of the \"Traffic Signs Manual\". The Northern American, Australian, and New Zealand colors normally have these meanings: The US \"Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices\" prescribes four other colors: Regulatory signs are also sometimes seen with white letters on red or black signs. In Quebec, blue",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "4346795",
"text": "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) is a document issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) to specify the standards by which traffic signs, road surface markings, and signals are designed, installed, and used. These specifications include the shapes, colors, and fonts used in road markings and signs. In the United States, all traffic control devices must legally conform to these standards. The manual is used by state and local agencies as well as private construction firms to ensure that the traffic control devices",
"title": "Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices"
},
{
"id": "11073742",
"text": "Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions The Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions (commonly abbreviated to TSRGD) is the law that sets out the design and conditions of use of official traffic signs that can be lawfully placed on or near roads in Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and the Isle of Man. The regulations were the result of the review of British road signage carried out by the Worboys Committee. The TSRGD was introduced on 1 January 1965 to implement the re-signing recommendations of the Worboys Committee of 1963, with signage designs and typeface developed by Jock Kinneir",
"title": "Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions"
},
{
"id": "7962143",
"text": "by supplementary plates that provides interdependent exceptions to the rule, or indicates additional instruction or information to facilitate understanding of the rule implemented. Mandatory signs are generally circular with a white border and symbol on a blue background. They usually indicate something all drivers must do (e.g. keep left) or a facility available to certain classes of traffic (e.g. pedal cycles only). The exceptions are the octagonal red STOP sign, the temporary STOP and GO signs, and the triangular GIVE WAY sign. Prohibitory signs, which generally tell drivers what they must not do, are mostly circular and have a red",
"title": "Road signs in Singapore"
},
{
"id": "6309050",
"text": "junctions. Gantry (road sign) A gantry (also known as a sign holder, road sign holder, sign structure or road sign structure) is a traffic sign assembly in which signs are mounted or railway signals are supported on an overhead support. They also often contain the apparatus for traffic monitoring systems and cameras, or open road tolling systems. Gantries are usually built on high-traffic roads or routes with several lanes, where signs posted on the side of the highway would be hard for drivers to see. Gantries may be cantilevered or one sided on the left, right and center (sometimes referred",
"title": "Gantry (road sign)"
},
{
"id": "2884208",
"text": "an \"Idaho stop\" or \"stop-as-yield\". The Idaho law has been in effect since 1982 and has not been shown to be detrimental to safety. Cyclist advocacy groups have sought similar laws for other jurisdictions in the United States. Stop signs originated in Michigan in 1915. The first ones had black lettering on a white background and were , somewhat smaller than the current sign. As stop signs became more widespread, a committee supported by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) met in 1922 to standardize them and selected the octagonal shape that has been used in the United",
"title": "Stop sign"
},
{
"id": "10852286",
"text": "and informal rules which may or may not include special procedures for when all stop signs are approached simultaneously. In the United States, the Federal Highway Administration's \"Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices\" (\"MUTCD\") defines the standards commonly used for the application of all-way stops. Where a stop has been determined to qualify, it is signed at all approaches to the intersections with a standard octagonal \"Stop\" sign, with a supplemental \"ALL WAY\" plaque. Earlier editions of the MUTCD allowed supplemental plaques specifying the number of approaches in an all-way stop, as in \"2 WAY\", \"3 WAY\" or \"4 WAY\".",
"title": "All-way stop"
},
{
"id": "1897062",
"text": "Parking\" signs, which contain either a letter \"E\" or \"P\", depending on which word is used locally for \"Parking\" (Spanish \"estacionamiento\" or \"parqueo\", Portuguese \"estacionamento\"), as well as the Stop sign, which usually reads \"Pare\" or \"Alto\". Notable exceptions include speed limit signs, which follow the European conventions, and the \"No Entry\" sign, often replaced with a crossed upwards arrow. Traffic signs in Colombia are classified into three categories: Warning signs are very similar to warning signs in United States. They are yellow diamond-shaped with a black symbol (the yellow colour is changed to an orange colour in areas under",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "13222802",
"text": "own standards in addition to the MUTCD. These types of signs allow for parking for either an unlimited or varied amount of time. These types are often used in conjunction with parking meters and parking permits. These signs are specified by the MUTCD to be green on white. Local variations do occur with additional information and slightly different designs. No parking signs indicate that loading or unloading there while temporarily stopped is permitted, but parking is not. Some no parking signs display time restrictions, while others are permanent restrictions. There are also temporary versions of the signs, often of similar",
"title": "Road signs in the United States"
},
{
"id": "2618785",
"text": "like the warning stripes at tunnel portals or plain red \"End of Roadway\" signs are classified as Object Markers (OM Series). In the U.S., \"Stop\" and speed limit signs fall under the R Series (Regulatory). Modern U.S. signs are widely standardized; unless they are antique holdovers from an earlier era, oddities like a yellow \"Stop\" sign or a red \"Slippery When Wet\" sign would typically appear only on private property—perhaps at a hospital campus or in a shopping mall parking lot. Street sign theft by pranksters, souvenir hunters, and scrappers has become problematic: removal of warning signs costs municipalities money",
"title": "Warning sign"
},
{
"id": "4564673",
"text": "Crossbuck A crossbuck is a sign composed of two slats of wood or metal of equal length, fastened together on a pole in a saltire formation (resembling the letter X). Crossbucks usually are a traffic sign to indicate level railway crossings, sometimes supplemented by electrical warnings of flashing lights, a bell, or a gate that descends to block the road and prevent traffic from crossing the tracks. The Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, a multilateral treaty of the United Nations with the intention of standardizing traffic signs around the world, prescribes several different regulations for the \"crossbuck\" sign.",
"title": "Crossbuck"
},
{
"id": "13222803",
"text": "design to the permanent ones. These signs are specified by the MUTCD to be red on white, although local variations do occur. No standing signs indicate that stopping temporarily to load or unload passengers is allowed, while parking is not allowed. As with no parking signs, some restrictions displayed on the signs are permanent and some are time based. The signs are also specified by the MUTCD to be red on white, but local variations exist. No stopping signs indicate that stopping is only allowed in order to obey a traffic sign, signal, traffic agent, police officer, or to avoid",
"title": "Road signs in the United States"
},
{
"id": "4737973",
"text": "disk in TSM 2010. However the older version, now termed \"No Straight Ahead\", may be used when combined with a time or other restriction. Signage shown in the table below is not relative size in all cases. Images are based on sizes presented in different ages of legislation. Actual signage may be found in varying sizes, with the 1994 regulations finally setting three definitive sets of metric dimensions for each sign. Larger signs are used on motorways, dual-carriageways, major junctions, etc. Warning signs are similar to the United States design, in that they are black on an amber (orangish yellow)",
"title": "Road signs in Ireland"
},
{
"id": "5863875",
"text": "that provides details of the prohibition or instruction; for example, waiting and loading plates and zone entry signs. 'Stop' signs (octagonal) and 'give way' signs (inverted triangle) are the two notable exceptions, the distinctive shapes being recognisable even if the face is obscured by dirt or snow. The United Kingdom national speed limit for cars and motorcycles in areas of street lighting (excluding Motorways) is 30 miles per hour. Other limits may apply if they are specifically signed Bridges with a clearance of less than are normally signed. Units are traditionally in feet and inches, but any new or replacement",
"title": "Road signs in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "594524",
"text": "or pavement markings. They help the driver navigate; they assign the right-of-way at intersections; they indicate laws such as speed limits and parking regulations; they advise of potential hazards; they indicate passing and no passing zones; and otherwise deliver information and to assure traffic is orderly and safe. Two hundred years ago these devices were signs, nearly all informal. In the late 19th century signals began to appear in the biggest cities at a few highly congested intersections. They were manually operated, and consisted of semaphores, flags or paddles, or in some cases colored electric lights, all modeled on railroad",
"title": "Road transport"
},
{
"id": "1897028",
"text": "rectangular panels together with text supplementing their meanings. Most warning signs display a black symbol on a white background within a red-bordered equilateral triangle. Since 2012, however, a more visibly distinctive design (taken from that used for school signs in the US) has been adopted for pedestrian-related signs: these consist of a fluorescent yellow-green pentagon with black border and symbol. Additional panels may be placed below signs to supplement their meanings. Guide signs are divided into directional signs, service area signs, route markers, and tourist-related signs, with influence from both American and Australian practice. Directional signs use a green background",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "1897046",
"text": "signs mostly follow the Vienna Convention with a few adaptations and exceptions. Road signs are categorized as follows: Distances and other measurements are displayed in metric units. Starting 2003, ASTRA-Frutiger is the typeface used to replace SNV, which is still used in several European countries. Major exceptions from the norm are: See also Road rules of Switzerland. Traffic signing in the UK conforms broadly to European norms, though a number of signs are unique to Britain and direction signs omit European route numbers. The current sign system, introduced on 1 January 1965, was developed in the late 1950s and early",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "17382175",
"text": "the exception of the special shapes used for \"Stop\" and \"Yield\" signs (respectively, an octagon and a downward-pointing triangle), signs giving orders are circular and are of two kinds: Prohibitory signs (e.g. \"No left turn\") take the form of a black-on-white symbol inside a red-bordered circle, sometimes with the addition of a red slash through the symbol. Mandatory signs (e.g. \"Turn right only\") bear a white symbol on a blue disk. Temporary road signs (e.g. Red rectangular signs with instructions in white) Signs giving information are generally rectangular (sometimes pointed at one end in the case of direction signage). Road",
"title": "Road signs in Hong Kong"
},
{
"id": "1897050",
"text": "is often used for public services such as rest areas; many black-on-yellow signs are red-on-white instead. Many US states and Canadian provinces now use fluorescent orange for construction signs. Every state and province has different markers for its own highways, but use standard ones for all federal highways. Many special highways – such as the Queen Elizabeth Way, Trans-Canada Highway, and various auto trails in the U.S. – have used unique signs. Counties in the US sometimes use a pentagonal blue sign with yellow letters for numbered county roads, though the use is inconsistent even within states. Distances on traffic",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "4564681",
"text": "railway crossing ahead. Crossbuck A crossbuck is a sign composed of two slats of wood or metal of equal length, fastened together on a pole in a saltire formation (resembling the letter X). Crossbucks usually are a traffic sign to indicate level railway crossings, sometimes supplemented by electrical warnings of flashing lights, a bell, or a gate that descends to block the road and prevent traffic from crossing the tracks. The Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, a multilateral treaty of the United Nations with the intention of standardizing traffic signs around the world, prescribes several different regulations for",
"title": "Crossbuck"
},
{
"id": "7738945",
"text": "Vehicle-activated sign Vehicle activated sign (VAS) is a generic term for a type of road traffic sign which displays a message conditional upon the presence, or speed, of a . The devices are deployed on roadsides like regular traffic signs in various countries. They are intended to help drivers by alerting them and drawing attention to danger or other undesirable situation. These signs activate if an approaching vehicle is detected to be exceeding a preset speed threshold. The speed limit and/or a warning message will illuminate on the sign to remind the driver/rider to slow down. At some locations in",
"title": "Vehicle-activated sign"
},
{
"id": "4770163",
"text": "century. As a result, U.S. transportation workers must take special precautions when disturbing or removing yellow lane markings. In the U.S., the type, placement, and graphic standards of traffic signs, and road surfaces are legally regulated—the Federal Highway Administration's \"Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices\" is the standard, although each state produces its own manual based upon the Federal manual. Generally white lane markings indicate a separation between lanes traveling in the same direction while yellow markings indicate opposing traffic on the other side of the line. In some areas, such as Colorado and Florida, black material is applied on",
"title": "Road surface marking"
},
{
"id": "4770175",
"text": "the driver be aware the presence of crossing bicycles and pedestrians, driveways and stopping cars. Wider roads sometimes have a single, but in most cases have a double centre line. Interrupted center lines mean overtaking is allowed, a solid line means overtaking is not allowed, depending on which side of a double line is solid. Smaller roads and roads where bicycles are allowed generally don't have center lines, and many country roads have no lines at all. Sometimes there is a center line only in sharp curves. Shoulder lines on expressways and motorways are solid to imply the general absence",
"title": "Road surface marking"
},
{
"id": "17990985",
"text": "signs. Many regulatory signs are accompanied by supplementary plates that provides interdependent exceptions to the rule, or indicates additional instruction or information to facilitate understanding of the rule implemented. The octagonal red STOP sign, the triangular GIVE WAY sign and the various mandatory STOP signs Prohibitory signs, which generally tell drivers what they must not do, are mostly circular and have a red border. The red ring indicates the prohibition; diagonal bars are used only on signs which prohibit a specific manoeuvre, i.e. banned left or right turns and U-turns, or a certain class of vehicle, i.e. lorries. Mandatory signs",
"title": "Road signs in Brunei"
},
{
"id": "2884191",
"text": "forming the legend are 250 mm tall. Larger signs of with legend and 25 mm (⅞ in) border are used on multilane expressways. Regulatory provisions exist for extra-large signs with legend and border for use where sign visibility or reaction distance are limited, and the smallest permissible stop sign size for general usage is with a legend and 15 mm (⅝ in) border. The metric units specified in the US regulatory manuals are rounded approximations of US customary units, not exact conversions. The field, legend, and border are all retroreflective. In the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of",
"title": "Stop sign"
},
{
"id": "5863849",
"text": "being based on shape, rather than text or image; a white ring (speed limited as marked on a small information plate below it); a white (sometimes red) diamond (a \"motor notice\" such as a weight restriction, given on a plate below); a red disc (a prohibition); and a red open triangle (a hazard or warning). These latter two could be given detail by the attachment of an information plate below, but often it was left to the motorist to guess what the sign was referring to and local variations as to the definition of what was a prohibition or just",
"title": "Road signs in the United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "1897048",
"text": "at intervals of indicating the distance from the start of the motorway. (See Driver location sign). Three colour schemes exist for direction signs: Two typefaces are specified for British road signs. Transport \"Medium\" or Transport \"Heavy\" are used for all text on fixed permanent signs and most temporary signage, depending on the colour of the sign and associated text colour; dark text on a white background is normally set in \"Heavy\" so that it stands out better. However route numbers on motorway signs use a taller limited character set typeface called \"Motorway\". Signs are generally bilingual in all parts of",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "3072949",
"text": "was initially a trapezoidal shape with painted on it. The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 131 regulates the specifications of the stop arm as a double-faced regulation octagonal red stop sign at least across, with white border and uppercase legend. It must be retroreflective and/or equipped with alternately flashing red lights. As an alternative, the legend itself may also flash; this is commonly achieved with red LEDs. FMVSS 131 stipulates that the stop signal arm be installed on the left side of the bus, and placed so that when it is extended, the",
"title": "School bus"
},
{
"id": "533010",
"text": "Traffic Traffic on roads consists of \"road users\" including pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars, buses and other conveyances, either singly or together, while using the public way for purposes of travel. Traffic laws are the laws which govern traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic. Organized traffic generally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic control at intersections. Traffic is formally organized in many jurisdictions, with marked lanes, junctions, intersections, interchanges, traffic signals,",
"title": "Traffic"
},
{
"id": "13222798",
"text": "some are only found in state and local jurisdictions as they are based on state or local laws, such as New York City's \"Don't Block the Box\" signs. These signs are in the R series of signs in the MUTCD and typically in the R series in most state supplements or state MUTCDs. The MUTCD's R1 series is for stop and yield. As not all situations are covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD. The 4-WAY and 3-WAY plaques (R1-3) were deprecated in the 2009 Edition of the MUTCD in favor of the ALL WAY",
"title": "Road signs in the United States"
},
{
"id": "10899030",
"text": "or poisonous chemicals away from areas with open flames such as oil refineries. Minimum speed limits can also be defined using mandatory road signs, although such signs are rare in most countries; the U.S., which does not use mandatory signs, instead places minimum speed limits on the same type of panel as maximum speed limits. Mandatory sign Mandatory signs are road signs which are used to set the obligations of all traffic which use a specific area of road. Unlike prohibitory signs, mandatory signs tell traffic what it must do, rather than must not do. Most mandatory road signs are",
"title": "Mandatory sign"
},
{
"id": "17129726",
"text": "Road signs in Mauritius Road signs in Mauritius are standardised traffic signs used in Mauritius according to the Traffic Signs Regulations 1990. They are heavily modelled on road signs in the United Kingdom, since Mauritius is a former British colony. Mauritius has left-hand traffic. The traffic sign are divided into three classes; circles gives orders, triangles warns of possible dangers and rectangles gives information. Different colours are use within these shapes; blue circles are mandatory signs, it gives positive instructions, while red circles are prohibitory signs, it give negative instructions. Blue rectangles give general information while green rectangles are use",
"title": "Road signs in Mauritius"
},
{
"id": "1897039",
"text": "requires that the signs be written in both Irish and English. In 1956, road signs in the Republic were changed from the UK standard with the adoption of US-style \"diamond\" signs for many road hazard warnings (junctions, bends, railway crossings, traffic lights). Some domestic signs were also invented, such as the keep-left sign (a black curved arrow pointing to the upper-left, although some are similar to the European \"white arrow on blue disk\" signs), while some other signs are not widely adopted outside Ireland, such as the no-entry sign (a black arrow pointing ahead in a white circle with a",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "4770142",
"text": "markings such as stop lines, legends, crosswalks, arrows, bike lane symbols, and accessibility symbols. Commonly referred to as tape or cold plastic, this product is heavy-grade material with reflective beads embedded in the plastic. It is commonly used to mark crosswalks, stop bars, and traffic guidance such as turn lanes, HOV lanes, train crossings, pedestrian crossings, taxi lanes, bus lanes, and bike lanes. There are two ways to apply tape: The life of the preformed polymer tapes can vary based on the applications. If applied correctly, they can last between 4 and 8 years. However, there have been cases where",
"title": "Road surface marking"
},
{
"id": "4770130",
"text": "such markings across borders. However, countries and areas categorize and specify road surface markings in different ways — white lines are called white lines mechanical, non-mechanical, or temporary. They can be used to delineate traffic lanes, inform motorists and pedestrians or serve as noise generators when run across a road, or attempt to wake a sleeping driver when installed in the shoulders of a road. Road surface marking can also indicate regulation for parking and stopping. There is continuous effort to improve the road marking system, and technological breakthroughs include adding retroreflectivity, increasing longevity, and lowering installation cost. Today, road",
"title": "Road surface marking"
},
{
"id": "1897051",
"text": "signs generally follow the measurement system in use locally: that is to say, the metric system in all countries of the world except Burma, Liberia, the United Kingdom, and the United States – although the metric system is used in the UK for all purposes other than the display of road distances and the defining of speed limits, and in the US the Federal Department of Transportation has developed (very rarely used) metric standards for all signs. Where signs use a language, the recognized language/s of the area is normally used. Signs in most of the US, Canada, Australia, and",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "10899029",
"text": "a mandatory sign indicates not that a vehicle of a specific type is prohibited from entering the designated area, but that the area is now deregulated and any vehicle may use it. Mandatory signs can also be used to issue instructions to all vehicles - common examples include \"pass on this side\" signs seen at roadworks, and \"compulsory roundabout\" signs seen at mini-roundabouts. Other signs of the type include \"attach snow chains\" and \"remove snow chains\" seen at the entry and exit points of mountainous areas, and \"compulsory direction for vehicles carrying dangerous loads\", used to divert vehicles carrying explosives",
"title": "Mandatory sign"
},
{
"id": "2618779",
"text": "Warning sign A warning sign is a type of sign which indicates a potential hazard, obstacle or condition requiring special attention. Some are traffic signs that indicate hazards on roads that may not be readily apparent to a driver. While warning traffic sign designs vary, they usually take the shape of an equilateral triangle with a white background and thick red border. In the People's Republic of China (except for Macau and Hong Kong), they appear with a black border and a yellow background. In Sweden, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Finland, Iceland, the Republic of Macedonia and Poland, they",
"title": "Warning sign"
},
{
"id": "14707688",
"text": "Froelich's tractor (1892), Ransom Eli Olds' assembly line (1901), Willis Carrier's air-conditioning (1902), the Wright Brothers' airplane (1903), and Robert H. Goddard's liquid-fuel rocket (1926). 1890 Stop sign A stop sign is a traffic sign, usually erected at road junctions such as a four-way intersection, that instructs drivers to stop and then to proceed only if the way ahead is clear. The idea of placing stop signs at road junctions was first conceived in 1890 when William Phelps Eno of Saugatuck, Connecticut proposed and devised the first set of traffic laws in an article published in \"Rider and Driver\". However,",
"title": "Timeline of United States inventions (1890–1945)"
},
{
"id": "18555787",
"text": "Road signs in Australia Road signs in Australia are regulated by each state's government, but are standardised overall throughout the country. In 1999, the National Transport Commission, or NTC, created the first set of Rules of the Road for Australia. Official road signs by standard must use the AS1744 series fonts, based off the USA's Highway Gothic typeface. Regulatory signs inform drivers of traffic laws and regulations. Road users must obey all instructions on regulatory signs or risk getting a fine and points deducted from their licence. Local councils may have local restrictions relating to parking times, which would be",
"title": "Road signs in Australia"
},
{
"id": "1897053",
"text": "used as well. The typefaces predominantly used on signs in the US and Canada are the FHWA alphabet series (Series B through Series F and Series E Modified). Details of letter shape and spacing for these alphabet series are given in \"Standard Alphabets for Traffic Control Devices\", first published by the Bureau of Public Roads (BPR) in 1945 and subsequently updated by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). It is now part of Standard Highway Signs (SHS), the companion volume to the MUTCD which gives full design details for signfaces. Initially, all of the alphabet series consisted of uppercase letters and",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "13222822",
"text": "own sign standards dealing with these situations. Guide signs include highway route markers (shields), street signs, mile markers, and exit signs. Note: State markers are illustrative examples; all states may select their own marker shapes or use the default circle. See Numbered highways in the United States#State highways and other similar systems. Chapter 2F of the MUTCD deals with signs for toll roads. There are many signs that are non-compliant to MUTCD and/or state MUTCD standards seen in use on public and semi-public roads. These signs have been superseded, but can still be seen in some places Road signs in",
"title": "Road signs in the United States"
},
{
"id": "5348674",
"text": "sign used today. Originally invented in 1952 and added to the MUTCD in 1954, the sign used the \"keystone\" shape before adopting the more readily recognized triangular shape. In 1971, the sign evolved into its modern version and changed from yellow to red. Yield sign In road transport, a yield or give way sign indicates that each driver must prepare to stop if necessary to let a driver on another approach proceed. A driver who stops or slows down to let another vehicle through has yielded the right of way to that vehicle. In contrast, a stop sign requires each",
"title": "Yield sign"
},
{
"id": "1416798",
"text": "heavy traffic. Usually, only one vehicle on the ramp proceeds when the signal shows green. Two or three per green are allowed in some cases. The standard traffic signal is the red light above the green, with yellow between. When the traffic signal with three aspects is arranged horizontally or sideways, the arrangement depends on the rule of the road. In right-lane countries, the sequence (from left to right) is red–yellow–green. In left-lane countries, the sequence is green–yellow–red. Other signals are sometimes added for more control, such as for public transportation and right or left turns allowed only when the",
"title": "Traffic light"
},
{
"id": "2884080",
"text": "red circle with an angular line crossing it. Either overtaking is prohibited for all vehicles or certain kinds of vehicles only (e.g. lorries, motorcycles, etc...). In the USA, this is usually phrased as \"no passing zone\" and indicated by a rectangular, black-on-white sign on the right side of the road that says \"DO NOT PASS\" and/or by a solid yellow line painted on the roadway marking the left limit of traffic (centerline), and sometimes supplemented by a yellow (no passing zone) sign on the opposite side of the road (where it can be seen by a driver who is attempting",
"title": "Prohibitory traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "2313237",
"text": "but are generally white or yellow. Traffic lights or traffic signals usually include three colours: green indicates vehicles should proceed through an intersection; amber indicates vehicles should prepare to stop; and red indicates vehicles should not enter the intersection. They are generally mounted on poles or gantries or hung from wires. Traffic signs communicate road conditions to inform safe driver behaviours. Postings may specify aspects such as speed limits, intersection protocols, slippery road conditions or reduced visibility. Direction signs tell the reader the way to a location through diagrams or written instructions. Signs may be illuminated to aid nighttime users.",
"title": "Street furniture"
},
{
"id": "9999602",
"text": "increase in globalization, many drivers may be visiting internationally. It is also particularly important to follow the principle of visibility because of the increasing average age, and thus vision difficulties, of drivers. Traffic sign design Traffic sign design involves any tasks in the process of designing traffic signage. Traffic signs may provide information about the law, warn about dangerous conditions and guide roadway users. Traffic signs vary depending upon their use, using different symbols, colors and shapes for easy identification. Regulatory signs “give a direction that must be obeyed.” Often these signs show content or action that is either mandatory",
"title": "Traffic sign design"
},
{
"id": "2618784",
"text": "materials like Scotchlite. In Europe, the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals (which became effective in 1978) tried, among other things, to standardize important signs. After the fall of the Iron Curtain and greater ease of country-to-country driving in the EU, European countries moved toward lessening the regional differences in warning signs. In modern regulations, U.S. warning signs are classified as \"Series W\" signs, such as: W1 Series (curves and turns), W2 Series (intersections), W22 Series (blasting), et cetera, ending with the W25 Series (concerning extended green traffic lights). Some U.S. warning signs are without category while others",
"title": "Warning sign"
},
{
"id": "6113023",
"text": "only had the authority to stop the traffic for children. However, the Transport Act 2000 changed the law so that a patroller had the authority to stop the traffic for any pedestrian. In the UK, the stop sign has the word \"STOP\", a horizontal strip of black, and an international symbol for children (the symbol is sometimes replaced with the written word \"CHILDREN\"). The design is based upon the Vienna Convention international standard roadsign for \"passing without stopping prohibited\". The patrollers are employed by local authorities, but there is a greater degree of standardisation of the system across the country",
"title": "Crossing guard"
},
{
"id": "1897047",
"text": "1960s by the Anderson Committee, which established the motorway signing system, and by the Worboys Committee, which reformed signing for existing all-purpose roads. (For illustrations of most British road signs, see 'Know your traffic signs' on the GOV.UK website.) The UK remains the only European Union member nation and the only Commonwealth country to use non-metric (Imperial) measurements for distance and speed, although \"authorised weight\" signs have been in metric tonnes since 1981 and there is currently a dual-unit (metric first) option for height and width restriction signage, intended for use on safety grounds. On motorways kilometre signs are visible",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "13902373",
"text": "Road signs in South Korea Road signs in South Korea are regulated by the Korean Road Traffic Authority (). Signs indicating dangers are triangular with a red border, yellow background and black pictograms, similar to Road signs in Greece. Mandatory instructions are white on a blue background, prohibitions are black on a white background with a red border, and supplementary information signs are rectangular with black text on a white background. Like other countries, the signs use pictograms to display their meaning. Any text included in signs will normally be in Korean and English. Signs are normally placed 1 to",
"title": "Road signs in South Korea"
},
{
"id": "13222804",
"text": "conflicts with other vehicles. These are the most restrictive of the parking signs. They are typically red on white. The MUTCD's R8 series of signs is for parking restriction and emergency restriction signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD. The MUTCD's R9 series of signs is for bicycle and pedestrian signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD. The MUTCD's R10 series of signs is for traffic signal related signs. As all situations are not covered, several states have",
"title": "Road signs in the United States"
},
{
"id": "4737970",
"text": "1956 with the Traffic Signs Regulations, 1956. Some signs were added later. In the Republic of Ireland, the \"Give Way\" sign, a downward pointing triangle, reads \"Yield\" (on signs erected prior to 1997: \"Yield Right of Way\" ) or, in Gaeltacht areas, \"Géill Slí\". A blank inverted triangle was provided for in legislation applicable between 1956 and 1961. The international octagonal \"Stop\" sign is also used. Speed limit signs have the speed with the letters \"km/h\" underneath. 120 km/h is used for motorways and high quality dual carriageways e.g. N2, 100 km/h is used for national primary and national secondary",
"title": "Road signs in Ireland"
},
{
"id": "14875650",
"text": "maintain the inverted triangular shape. Road signs in Japan In Japan, are standardized by the \"\" established on 1968 whose origins are Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department's \"Order on Standardization of Road Sign\" on 1934 and Home Ministry of Japan's \"Order on Road Signs\" on 1942. The previous designs have been used since 1986 after several amendments of order. They are divided into and . are categorized into 4 types; guide, warning, regulatory and instruction signs. indicates directions or distances of the road. Guide signs have dark green backgrounds and white text for expressways. In urban areas and on national highways,",
"title": "Road signs in Japan"
},
{
"id": "1897037",
"text": "European traffic signs have been designed with the principles of heraldry in mind; i.e., the sign must be clear and able to be resolved at a glance. Most traffic signs conform to heraldic tincture rules, and use symbols rather than written texts for better semiotic clarity. Croatian road signs follow the Vienna convention (SFR Yugoslavia was the original signatory for Croatia, which is now a contracting party itself). The most common signs are: In the first years following Croatia's independence, its traffic signs were the same as in the rest of the former Yugoslavia. In the early 2000s, replacement of",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "19767201",
"text": "shown on accompanying black and white sign plates. Loading/unloading time is restricted to either 20 or 40 minutes depending upon the location (borough) if loading is observed. One must not cause an obstruction to traffic or pedestrians. Double yellow lines mean no waiting at any time, unless there are signs that specifically indicate seasonal restrictions. They were first introduced in the UK by section 51 of the Road Traffic Act 1960 (repealed in 1972 and replaced by later legislation). Countries that were once part of the British Empire are likely to retain a modified version of the British laws including",
"title": "Yellow line (road marking)"
},
{
"id": "7738949",
"text": "such as safety cameras. Vehicle-activated sign Vehicle activated sign (VAS) is a generic term for a type of road traffic sign which displays a message conditional upon the presence, or speed, of a . The devices are deployed on roadsides like regular traffic signs in various countries. They are intended to help drivers by alerting them and drawing attention to danger or other undesirable situation. These signs activate if an approaching vehicle is detected to be exceeding a preset speed threshold. The speed limit and/or a warning message will illuminate on the sign to remind the driver/rider to slow down.",
"title": "Vehicle-activated sign"
},
{
"id": "2884083",
"text": "1997. This sign is used where parking and stopping is prohibited. Usually shown as a red cross inside a blue circle with a red ring in Europe and parts of Asia, and a 'E' in a red circle with a X through in South America. Stop at customs that are used at border crossings, toll roads or police. These are the signs that end restrictions. Prohibitory traffic sign Prohibitory traffic signs are used to prohibit certain types of manoeuvres or some types of traffic. No admittance to unauthorised personnel, usually shown as a red circle with a white rectangle across",
"title": "Prohibitory traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "7122073",
"text": "Road signs in Sweden Road signs in Sweden are regulated in \"Vägmärkesförordningen\", VMF (2007:90), and are to be placed 2 metres from the road with the sign 1.6m from the base for motorized roads. Except for route numbers, there are a maximum of three signs on a pole, with the most important sign at the top. All signs have a reflective layer added on selected parts of the sign as is custom in European countries; most larger signs also have their own illumination. Most signs are based on pictograms, with some exceptions like the prohibition-sign for stop at customs and",
"title": "Road signs in Sweden"
},
{
"id": "13222808",
"text": "color. Warning signs are found in the W series of the national MUTCD. They highlight existing conditions, such as a curve, school, dead end street, or traffic signal. They can also warn possible danger such as bumps, bicycles, low flying aircraft, or emergency vehicles. These signs are either yellow or fluorescent yellow in color and, with the exception of a few signs, are usually diamond shaped and sometimes have square or rectangular smaller signs or plaques associated with them. Most W series signs can also be found with orange backgrounds for temporary use in situations such as construction zones. Some",
"title": "Road signs in the United States"
},
{
"id": "18328285",
"text": "outline but recently they change it to full black outline. Prohibitory signs in Indonesia are circular and have a red border with diagonal bars except for Stop, Give Way, and Level Crossing signs. Mandatory signs in Indonesia follows the \"Type A Mandatory Signs\" as prescribed by the Vienna Convention, which is the European-style white-on-blue circular signs with addition of white border Most of the signs in this section are custom-made by the tollroad operator and unavailable in the current regulations. Road signs in Indonesia Road signs in Indonesia are standardised road signs similar to those used in other nations but",
"title": "Road signs in Indonesia"
},
{
"id": "2884195",
"text": "or walk (such as schoolyards), or that experience frequent automobile collisions, making extra precautions necessary. Stop signs may be erected on all intersecting roads, resulting in three- and four-way stops. However, studies have confirmed that stop signs do not offer measurable safety benefits over the Yield approach adopted in the countries listed above based on original European research dating back many decades. More recently, Georgia Traffic Engineer Martin Bretherton Jr. reviewed over 70 technical papers to find that multiway stop signs do not typically control traffic speeds, and can create a variety of problems, including liability issues, traffic noise, pollution,",
"title": "Stop sign"
},
{
"id": "12587705",
"text": "railway stations, and immigration checkpoints. Both Thai and English are used on directional signage. Thailand is a signatory to the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, but has yet to fully ratify the convention. With the exception of the special designs used for Stop, Yield, and No Entry signs, mandatory signs (e.g., Must Turn Left) are round with a blue background, white border, and a white pictogram. Those which express a prohibition (e.g., No Left Turn) show the pictogram crossed out by a red diagonal bar. This is in accordance with the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals",
"title": "Road signs in Thailand"
},
{
"id": "1688176",
"text": "Turnpike. New York formalized RHT in 1804, New Jersey in 1813 and Massachusetts in 1821. In the early 1900s some countries including Canada, Spain, and Brazil had different rules in different parts of the country. During the 1900s many countries standardised within their jurisdictions, and changed from LHT to RHT, mostly to conform with regional custom. Currently nearly all countries use one side or the other throughout their entire territory. Most exceptions are due to historical considerations and/or involve islands with no road connection to the main part of a country. China is RHT except the Special Administrative Regions of",
"title": "Left- and right-hand traffic"
},
{
"id": "8883772",
"text": "not necessarily easily) drive and turn. Roads that do not allow large vehicles may be marked with the traffic signs. These may include per-axle load, height, width, or overall length limits. Trucks must have special signs of \"convoi exceptionnel\" and lights that warn the oversized cargo. The escort car has also special signs, depending the country within it operates. Special permits are issued by local authorities to allow a transporter to operate on a public road for a limited period and for a certain and given route. These permits can be annual in different European countries like Hungary, Austria, Germany,",
"title": "Oversize load"
},
{
"id": "13222821",
"text": "diverted slightly toward the left or right of the roadway, but the route is otherwise unchanged. These signs are typically orange background ones used for temporary situations. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD. The MUTCD's W25 series of signs is for warning signs oncoming traffic having an extended green signal at a traffic light. As all situations are not covered, several states have their own standards in addition to the MUTCD. The MUTCD does not provide signs dealing with some other road and highway situations. Many states have their",
"title": "Road signs in the United States"
},
{
"id": "15958135",
"text": "which can exhibit different traffic messages according to the needs of a specific road. Permanent CMS displays are mounted on large sign structures overhead or alongside the road. These devices are often placed on urban freeways which have traffic problems. Portable CMS (PCMS) panels are usually mounted on trailers, although some may be carried by trucks. They are often used in work zones or other events that disrupt traffic. CMS devices also follow a uniform shape, design and color that were set by the MUTCD. High-level warning devices are traffic control devices that are high enough to see over other",
"title": "Road traffic control device"
},
{
"id": "1897027",
"text": "road signs. However, some road signs may differ by locale, and mostly diverge from the national standard. For example, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) has used pink and light blue in its signage for which it has been heavily criticised. Road signs in the Philippines are classified as: Regulatory road signs – other than the stop and give way signs – are generally circular, with (for prohibitions) a black symbol on a white background within a red border, or (for mandatory instructions) a white symbol on a blue background. In some cases circular regulatory signs are placed on white",
"title": "Traffic sign"
},
{
"id": "8008057",
"text": "WALK\" or white Ampelmanchen/hand signal, but is in violation of the MUTCD. This practice is obsolescent but it remains in the Commonwealth's driver's manual. Traffic lights for pedestrians are usually different; see pedestrian crossing. Traffic lights at level railroad crossings are again different. Both of these are to avoid confusion as to whom the signal applies. In Oregon, Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Manitoba and Alberta, traffic signals may also have an extra white rectangular light mounted above the red light. This phase indicates that a public transit vehicle may proceed through an intersection in any direction while all",
"title": "Traffic-light signalling and operation"
},
{
"id": "7398314",
"text": "affixed vignette. Additional tolls are usually levied for passing through certain motorway tunnels and bridges. Eurovignette is a road toll for trucks of minimum 12 metric tonnes. The system was adopted in 1999, and is used in Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Sweden. (Belgium left the Eurovignette scheme on 1 April 2016 in favor of a distance-based tolling system.) As of 1997, vignettes are required for all vehicles of up to 3.5 tonnes, driving on motorways and expressways (prefixed with letters A and S) under federal administration. Vignettes are overseen by the police and toll-sheriff employees of the federal motorway",
"title": "Vignette (road tax)"
},
{
"id": "4770184",
"text": "between lanes are white, red road studs are placed along the hard shoulder of motorways, dual carriageways and other roads to mark the left-hand edge of a running lane; and orange road studs are placed along the edge of the central reservation. Green road studs denote slip roads at grade-separated junctions and also road-side lay-bys. Comprehensive information about highway markings in the UK can be found in the Highway Code and on the gov.uk website. In Australia, white lines are generally used both to separate traffic flowing in the same direction and traffic flowing in opposite directions. Double solid white",
"title": "Road surface marking"
},
{
"id": "4566586",
"text": "are similar for the purpose of uniformity, given that all states grant reciprocal driving privileges (and penalties) to each other's licensed drivers. There is also a \"Uniform Vehicle Code\" which has been proposed by a private, non-profit group, based upon input by its members. As with many such offerings, some states adopt selected portions as written, or else with modifications, and others create their own versions. Similarly, most states have adopted relevant standards for signs and signals, based upon the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices from the U.S. Department of Transportation. Many of the standard rules of the road",
"title": "Traffic code"
},
{
"id": "11073743",
"text": "and Margaret Calvert. Since 1964, TSRGD has been revised and re-issued several times since to introduce new signage rules and features reflecting changes in road operations. The current edition of the regulations came into force on 22 April 2016, with minor amendments in England and Wales in 2017. The \"Traffic Signs Manual\" is a companion guide to the TSRGD which sets out dimensions and other details for using the authorised signs and markings. Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions The Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions (commonly abbreviated to TSRGD) is the law that sets out the design and conditions",
"title": "Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions"
},
{
"id": "2884210",
"text": "Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD) detailing the stop sign's specifications. The MUTCD stop sign specifications were altered eight times between 1935 and 1971, mostly dealing with its reflectorization and its mounting height. From 1924 to 1954, stop signs were made with a black legend on a yellow field. The reflective sign, initially yellow, was developed by the reflective applications division of 3M spearheaded by Joseph E. Van Kirk, Sr. The sign gained its current white legend/red field color configuration. Red signifies \"stop\" on traffic signals, so this specification unified red as a \"stop\" signal whether indicated by sign or",
"title": "Stop sign"
},
{
"id": "1416869",
"text": "right-angled and turn-against-traffic collisions are more likely to result in injuries, this is often an acceptable trade-off. Criteria have been developed to help ensure that new signals are installed only where they will do more good than harm. In the United States these criteria are called \"warrants\", and are found in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), the Federal regulation covering the use of signs, pavement markings, traffic signals, and similar devices. In the US MUTCD, there are nine warrants for traffic signals: An intersection is usually required to meet one or more of these warrants before a",
"title": "Traffic light"
},
{
"id": "3691760",
"text": "Traffic cone Traffic cones, also called pylons, witches' hats, road cones, highway cones, safety cones, channelizing devices, or construction cones, are usually cone-shaped markers that are placed on roads or footpaths to temporarily redirect traffic in a safe manner. They are often used to create separation or merge lanes during road construction projects or automobile accidents, although heavier, more permanent markers or signs are used if the diversion is to stay in place for a long period of time. Traffic cones were invented by Charles D. Scanlon, an American who got the idea while working as a painter for the",
"title": "Traffic cone"
},
{
"id": "3208625",
"text": "One privately run toll road in Texas, SH 130, has the highest speed limit in the United States at . Urban divided highways which are at grade and typically have much lower speed limits are sometimes called boulevards. In keeping with the U.S. Department of Transportation's \"Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices\" (MUTCD), since the early 1970s all divided highways are striped by color to show the direction of traffic flow. Two-way undivided roads have an amber center line, with a broken line indicating passing zones and a solid line indicating no passing zones and solid white baseline shoulder stripes.",
"title": "Dual carriageway"
}
] | what is the shape of mandatory traffic signs |
|
| [
{
"id": "18733714",
"text": "2016. On December 24, 2016, the series was renewed for a third season, to be released in 2017. and On December 31, 2016, it was confirmed that the season was given an 18-episode order. Production for the third season began on March 18, 2017, and ended on September 2, 2017. It was announced on June 26, 2017 that the third season would be split into two parts, with the release of the first part on September 22, 2017 to consist of nine episodes. It was announced on November 13, 2017 that the second half, also consisting of nine episodes, would",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18733709",
"text": "role of Michelle Tanner in \"Full House.\" Netflix ordered an initial thirteen episodes which were released on February 26, 2016, worldwide. The third season is split into two parts, with the first half of nine episodes being released on September 22, 2017, and the second half on December 22, 2017. While the first season reception was generally negative, the second and third seasons received mostly positive reviews. On January 29, 2018, Netflix renewed \"Fuller House\" for a fourth season, which was released on December 14, 2018. Like the original series, the show is set in the same house in San",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18733724",
"text": "6 reviews. Warner Home Video released the first season of the series on DVD in Region 1 on February 28, 2017. The second season was released on DVD on December 12, 2017. The third season will be released in Region 1 on January 22, 2019. Fuller House (TV series) Fuller House is an American sitcom created by Jeff Franklin that airs as a Netflix original series, and is a sequel to the 1987–1995 television series \"Full House\". It centers around D.J. Tanner-Fuller, a veterinarian and widowed mother of three sons, whose sister Stephanie and best friend Kimmy—along with her teenage",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18733715",
"text": "be released on December 22, 2017. On January 29, 2018, the series was renewed for a fourth season of thirteen episodes. The fourth season was released on December 14, 2018. In addition to Cameron Bure, Sweetin, and Barber reprising their roles, the other main roles went to Michael Campion, Elias Harger, and Soni Bringas, as their children: Jackson and Max Fuller, and Ramona Gibbler, respectively. It was disclosed that John Stamos would have a recurring role as Jesse Katsopolis and would also be producing. Other original main cast members who would be reprising their roles periodically are Lori Loughlin as",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18733720",
"text": "sexually harassing or engaging in physical misconduct with any staffers. On March 12, 2018, Steve Baldikoski and Bryan Behar were announced as the new executive producers and showrunners for the fourth season replacing Franklin. The first season of \"Fuller House\" received generally negative reviews, with most taking issue to the crude humor and noting that the series was very derivative of its source material and was oriented toward fans of the original show. On Rotten Tomatoes, the series has a rating of 35%, based on 46 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"After the",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "4173615",
"text": "comedies \"Just One of the Guys\" (1985) and \"Summer School\" (1987), starring Mark Harmon. On April 20, 2015, Netflix announced the streaming service would pick-up thirteen episodes of \"Fuller House\", a sequel to \"Full House\". Netflix also announced Franklin would oversee the production along with Robert L. Boyett and Thomas L. Miller. All 13 episodes of the first season premiered on February 26, 2016. The series, which has been a major hit for Netflix has been subsequently picked up for three additional seasons since. In February 2018, Franklin was fired from \"Fuller House\" after complaints about verbally abusive and vulgar",
"title": "Jeff Franklin"
},
{
"id": "18733711",
"text": "get the series back into production. Creator Jeff Franklin returned as showrunner—or leading executive producer—with the collaboration of original executive producers Thomas L. Miller and Robert L. Boyett under their Miller-Boyett Productions label. In April 2015, it was reported that Netflix was close to closing a deal to produce a 13-episode sequel series tentatively titled \"Fuller House\". A representative for Netflix said that the report was \"just a rumor\". In response to the report, Bure tweeted, \"While you all ponder over whether the \"Fuller House\" show is true or is an April Fools joke, check out [link to her upcoming",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18733713",
"text": "in July 2015 and lasted until November 2015. In December 2015, the series' release date was revealed as February 26, 2016. Later in the month, Canadian pop singer Carly Rae Jepsen revealed she and Butch Walker recreated the \"Full House\" theme song, \"Everywhere You Look\" (which was originally performed by Jesse Frederick, who co-wrote the song with Bennett Salvay), for the series as its opening theme. On March 2, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season, and production for the second season began on May 5, 2016. Thirteen new episodes were ordered and were released on December 9,",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18733708",
"text": "Fuller House (TV series) Fuller House is an American sitcom created by Jeff Franklin that airs as a Netflix original series, and is a sequel to the 1987–1995 television series \"Full House\". It centers around D.J. Tanner-Fuller, a veterinarian and widowed mother of three sons, whose sister Stephanie and best friend Kimmy—along with her teenage daughter—live together at the Tanners' childhood home in San Francisco, California. Most of the original series ensemble cast have reprised their roles on \"Fuller House\", either as regular cast members or in guest appearances, with the exception of Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, who alternated the",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3363179",
"text": "and \"Blossom\" in the spring of 1994. She retired from show business at that time and moved to the Southwest. In September 2017, it was announced that Edwards would return to acting by reprising her role as Vicky Larson in the third season of the \"Full House\" sequel series \"Fuller House\". She appears in the Season 3 finale, \"Here Comes the Sun\". Edwards has used her celebrity to support/participate in many charities – one of which is performing for the Veterans Administration playing her Ukulele that she learned just for this purpose. While in Miami, Edwards had an impromptu visit",
"title": "Gail Edwards"
},
{
"id": "18733716",
"text": "Becky Katsopolis, Bob Saget as Danny Tanner, and Dave Coulier as Joey Gladstone. Dylan and Blake Tuomy-Wilhoit also make an appearance reprising their roles as Nicky and Alex Katsopolis, respectively. On April 19, 2016, it was announced Ashley Liao, who plays Ramona's best friend, had been upgraded to a series regular. Additional cast members recurring regularly throughout the series include Juan Pablo Di Pace, playing Kimmy's ex-husband, Fernando, and Scott Weinger, reprising the role of Steve Hale, D.J.'s high school boyfriend. Eva LaRue portrays Danny's wife Teri, and Michael Sun Lee makes an appearance as the adult version of Nathan",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18733712",
"text": "TV movie]\", and Stamos tweeted, \"Believe none of what you hear, and only half of what you see.\" On April 20, he appeared on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\", confirming the spin-off series had been green-lit by Netflix. On April 21, Netflix confirmed the series was in development. In a parallel to the original series, \"Fuller House\" focuses on D.J., who is a recently widowed mother of three boys, with her sister Stephanie and best friend Kimmy moving in to help raise the boys. The series starts off with a special episode featuring a Tanner family reunion. Filming of the series began",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "14058759",
"text": "Friday night and the most popular of all among the 2-to-11 year-old set\" at the time, with an average of 28% of the TV audience in its time slot reported in March 1990. The season three ratings did enter in the Top 30 highest-rated programs for the first time, coming in at number 22 for the 1989–90 season. David Hofstede in the guide \"5000 Episodes and No Commercials\" and Donald Liebenson of BarnesandNoble.com cited the fact that Michelle says her catchphrase \"You got it, dude\" for the first time as highlight of the season. It will become one of the",
"title": "Full House (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "15255872",
"text": "Ramsey as well as playing C.J., Steve's love interest in season two of the Netflix family sitcom \"Fuller House\". Williams married her husband, Bradford Bricken, a talent and literary manager, on December 31, 2007. They had their first child, a son named Bradford, on November 19, 2015. Beau Rush Bricken was born on July 4, 2017. Virginia Williams Virginia Williams (born March 18, 1978) is an American actress. Williams first began her acting education in New York, earning a B.A. in Theatre Performance from Fordham University and later studying Shakespeare at Oxford University and at the British American Drama Academy",
"title": "Virginia Williams"
},
{
"id": "18733719",
"text": "ex, Vicky Larson (Gail Edwards) would return in season three, doing so in the season's finale. On February 28, 2018, \"Variety\" reported that Jeff Franklin was fired from the series after complaints about his behavior in the writers’ room and on the set of the series, which ranged from being verbally abusive to staffers and making sexually charged comments about his personal relationships and sex life in the writer’s room to a complaint of Franklin’s habit of bringing women he dated to the set and sometimes giving them bit parts in the series. Franklin has not been accused of directly",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "877118",
"text": "one similar to the original series when Stephanie makes plans to put her career on hold for a while and move in with D.J. to help take care of her children. Almost immediately afterward, Kimmy makes the same offer for her and Ramona to move in and help out. Netflix premiered the series on February 26, 2016, with the premiere episode featuring a Tanner family reunion. As of December 14, 2018 there have been four seasons of the series. Warner Home Video released all eight seasons of the series on DVD in Region 1 between 2005 and 2007. A complete",
"title": "Full House"
},
{
"id": "877116",
"text": "2014 commercial for Dannon Oikos Greek Yogurt (for which Stamos serves as spokesperson) that debuted during Super Bowl XLVIII, days after their appearance on \"Late Night\". In August 2014, reports circulated that Warner Bros. Television was considering a series spin-off. John Stamos, who has an ownership stake in the show, headed up the attempt to get the series back into production. Netflix closed a deal to produce a 13-episode sequel series tentatively titled \"Fuller House\", with many of the original series cast members reprising their roles. Notably, Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen both declined to reprise the role of Michelle in",
"title": "Full House"
},
{
"id": "14058756",
"text": "Joey Gladstone to help raise his three daughters, D.J., Stephanie, and Michelle. In this season, Danny and Rebecca's talk show takes a spike in popularity, meanwhile Jesse and Rebecca continue dating while Jesse prepares to leave his rebellious ways in the past. Initially, it was planned that Becky would appear only in six episodes of season two, however, the producers found Tanner girls needed a mother figure. In the meantime, Joey searches for ways to launch his comedy career. The season also marks the first appearance of Comet, a dog the family adopts in \"And They Call It Puppy Love\".",
"title": "Full House (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "14058760",
"text": "most popular catchphrases in American television. Jeffrey Robinson from DVD Talk said that season three did not included different things for the series, with exception of actors' \"over-the-top performances, which alone would be bad, but together make for some fun jokes.\" Robinson stated, \"Overall season three is a nice addition to the Full House series.\" Similarly, Currentfilm.com praised the characters development, and the actors performance, as well as the screenplay that offers \"a nicer balance of snap and sap than prior seasons.\" BuzzFeed placed \"Tanner's Island\", \"Our Very First Telethon\", \"Honey, I Broke the House\", and \"Fraternity Reunion\" respectively at",
"title": "Full House (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "877117",
"text": "the first season, although the creators and producers said they could still possibly appear in future seasons. Stamos would guest star as well and serve as producer. Filming began on July 25, 2015. Like the original series, the show is set in San Francisco. The original series idea was focused on D.J., a veterinarian struggling to raise three boys after her firefighter husband Tommy Fuller is killed in the line of duty; Stephanie, who is aspiring to become a musician; and Kimmy, who is a party planner and a single mother to a teenage daughter, Ramona. The show's premise follows",
"title": "Full House"
},
{
"id": "877109",
"text": "placed immediately following the established hit show \"Perfect Strangers\" (which was also produced by Tom Miller and Bob Boyett). From season three onwards, it was ranked among Nielsen's Top 30 shows (a ratings increase which allowed the series to move back to Fridays at 8 p.m.). By the fourth season, the series jumped to the Top 20 and remained there until the seventh season (the series peaked at the top ten during seasons five and six). In 1995, despite the fact the show was still rated in the top 25, ABC announced that it was canceling the show after eight",
"title": "Full House"
},
{
"id": "14058758",
"text": "left the recurring cast to become part of the main cast. She appears in thirteen of the season's episodes. The season's guest stars include Bobbie Eakes in \"Breaking Up Is Hard to Do (in 22 Minutes)\"; Doris Roberts as Claire, Danny's mother (replacing Alice Hirson, who played the role in the first season); Ed McMahon as himself, in the episode \"Star Search\"; Scott Baio in \"Dr. Dare Rides Again\"; and Mike Love of The Beach Boys in \"Our Very First Telethon\". The \"Los Angeles Times\" states in a December 1989 article that \"Full House\" was \"the most popular series on",
"title": "Full House (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "1411774",
"text": "has a long-lost half-brother. In March 2013, Stamos signed on in a recurring role on the USA Network drama \"Necessary Roughness\", during season three. He played Connor McClane, the head of a sports and entertainment management company that is interested in hiring Dani. Stamos was to play the lead role in ABC's soap opera \"Members Only\", but the network decided not to air the show. In April 2015, Stamos announced on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" that the streaming service Netflix would be picking up \"Full House\" for a 13-episode sequel, titled \"Fuller House\", to start airing on February 26, 2016. In",
"title": "John Stamos"
},
{
"id": "5485966",
"text": "which is loosely based on dance sequences from \"Flashdance\" and \"Dirty Dancing\". In 2008 he directed a music video for Katie Melua, in which he appears opposite his sister, María Victoria Di Pace. In 2009 he appeared on the videoclip \"\"Time Is Running Out\"\" by Muse. In 2013, Di Pace was cast as series regular billionaire businessman Nicolas Treviño for season 3 of the TNT drama series \"Dallas\". In 2016, Di Pace appears in a recurring role as Fernando, the fiancé/ex-husband of Kimmy Gibbler on the Netflix series \"Fuller House\". Starting in Season 2 he was promoted from recurring to",
"title": "Juan Pablo Di Pace"
},
{
"id": "10409773",
"text": "Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd",
"title": "2007 Dallas Desperados season"
},
{
"id": "18733710",
"text": "Francisco, California. Recently widowed D.J. Tanner-Fuller is a veterinarian and the mother of three young boys. After the unexpected death of her husband Tommy, who was following his hazardous duties as a firefighter, D.J. accepts the help of her sister Stephanie and best friend Kimmy, who move in and take part in raising D.J.'s three sons, 13-year-old Jackson, 7-year-old Max, and baby Tommy Jr. Kimmy's teenage daughter, Ramona, also moves in. In August 2014, reports circulated that Warner Bros. Television was considering a series reboot. John Stamos, who had an ownership stake in the show, headed up the attempt to",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "13069723",
"text": "\"Animaniacs\". The interest in the reboot was driven by a surge of popularity for the show when it was made available on Netflix in 2016, plus numerous successful projects that have revived interest in older shows, such as \"Fuller House\". The reboot was officially announced by the streaming service Hulu in January 2018 in partnership with Spielberg and Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution. The reboot will consist of at least two seasons, to start airing in 2020. Yakko, Wakko, and Dot will return, along with appearances by Pinky and the Brain each episode; however, no voice actors were announced at",
"title": "Animaniacs"
},
{
"id": "18733723",
"text": "wrote that the show is like \"\"Full House 2.0\"\" and that while it has the \"same premise, same vibe, mostly same cast\", it is \"a winner, strictly for fans.\" The second season saw more positive reviews. Jenny Varner of \"IGN\" gave the season a mixed 6.5/10 score. She noted that \"Fuller House Season 2 brings a fuller cast, a fuller plot, and a lot more cringe-worthy pop culture jokes. Love it or hate it, the staying power of this heartwarming Netflix staple is stronger than ever.\" On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season currently has a 50% approval rating based on",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "14058757",
"text": "By this season, the series' viewership increased, turning \"Full House\" the most popular series of ABC's block TGIF; also, for the first time the series figured among the 30 highest-rated programs of the year. Critical reception was mixed, with critics regarding the sameness of the program, and praising towards the characters and actors performance. The season's main cast is John Stamos as Jesse, Bob Saget as Danny, Dave Coulier as Joey, Candace Cameron as D.J., Jodie Sweetin as Stephanie, and Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen as Michelle. Additionally, Lori Loughlin returned as Rebecca \"Becky\" Donaldson, and, from this season, she had",
"title": "Full House (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "10411020",
"text": "Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd",
"title": "2007 Nashville Kats season"
},
{
"id": "10416126",
"text": "Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Attendance:",
"title": "2007 Utah Blaze season"
},
{
"id": "14058761",
"text": "numbers 7, 8, 14, and 16 on its list of The 19 Most WTF Moments From \"Full House\". <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Warner Home Video released a DVD box set containing all third-season episodes on April 4, 2006 only on Region 1. Full House (season 3) The third season of \"Full House\", an American family sitcom created by Jeff Franklin, premiered on ABC in the U.S. on September 22, 1989, and concluded on May 4, 1990. The season was partially directed by Franklin and produced by Jeff Franklin Productions, Miller-Boyett Productions, and Lorimar Television, with Don Van Atta as the producer. It consists",
"title": "Full House (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "877098",
"text": "It has also had tie-in merchandise marketed, such as a series of paperback books. A sequel series, \"Fuller House\", premiered on Netflix on February 26, 2016. After the death of his wife Pam, sports anchor Danny Tanner recruits his brother-in-law Jesse (John Stamos), a rock musician; and his best friend since childhood, Joey (Dave Coulier) who works as a stand-up comedian, to help raise his three young daughters. Over time, the three men, as well as the children, bond and become closer to one another. In season two, Danny is re-assigned from his duties as sports anchor by his television",
"title": "Full House"
},
{
"id": "10409701",
"text": "3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter:",
"title": "2007 Orlando Predators season"
},
{
"id": "14058755",
"text": "Full House (season 3) The third season of \"Full House\", an American family sitcom created by Jeff Franklin, premiered on ABC in the U.S. on September 22, 1989, and concluded on May 4, 1990. The season was partially directed by Franklin and produced by Jeff Franklin Productions, Miller-Boyett Productions, and Lorimar Television, with Don Van Atta as the producer. It consists of 24 episodes, most of which were directed by Bill Foster. Set in San Francisco, the show chronicles widowed father Danny Tanner, who, after the death of his wife Pam, enlisted his brother-in-law Jesse Katsopolis and his best friend",
"title": "Full House (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "18733718",
"text": "the Olsen twins' younger sister, Elizabeth, if she had any ambitions to take the part of Michelle, but she ultimately declined as well. Nonetheless, the producers still prodded the Olsen twins to return and were confident that one of the twins would ultimately decide to reappear during the second season, although this did not end up happening. In September 2016, it was announced that the character Nelson will re-appear on \"Fuller House\", with the character recast to be portrayed by Hal Sparks, who replaces Nelson's original portrayer, Jason Marsden. In September 2017, Jeff Franklin revealed at Paley Fest that Danny's",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "10409878",
"text": "Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th",
"title": "2007 New York Dragons season"
},
{
"id": "3133371",
"text": "her role as Kimmy Gibbler in the \"Full House\" spin-off series \"Fuller House\", along with Candace Cameron Bure and Jodie Sweetin. The series was released on Netflix on February 26, 2016. In 2002, Barber married Jeremy Rytky; the couple divorced in 2014. They have two children together. Andrea Barber Andrea Laura Barber (born 1976) is an American actress. She is known for playing Kimmy Gibbler in the ABC sitcom \"Full House\" and the Netflix spin-off series \"Fuller House\". Barber is the youngest of three children. She graduated from La Serna High School in Whittier, California. She earned a degree in",
"title": "Andrea Barber"
},
{
"id": "16347571",
"text": "aired. In a similar manner, a 12-episode fourth season was announced before the airing of the third season on 27 February 2015. It began airing from 10 May 2016. Cormack confirmed a fifth season had been commissioned on 19 July. The twelve-part series premiered on 4 April 2017. On 9 May 2017, Showcase announced that the series has been renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on 19 June 2018. A seventh season was commissioned in April 2018, before the sixth-season premiere, with filming commencing the following week and a premiere set for 2019. On 5 December 2018, it was",
"title": "Wentworth (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "13000326",
"text": "partner was Mark Ballas. The couple made it to the finals and ultimately ended in third place behind Amy Purdy and Meryl Davis who took second and first place, respectively. It was announced in 2015 that Bure would reprise her role as D.J. Tanner in the 2016 Netflix spinoff \"Fuller House\" (her character would be renamed D.J. Tanner-Fuller). Filming began in July 2015. The following month, it was announced that Bure would become a co-host of \"The View\", starting with season 19. In March 2016, \"Fuller House\" was picked up for a second season. ABC also announced in August 2016",
"title": "Candace Cameron Bure"
},
{
"id": "10409720",
"text": "participate in their first ever ArenaBowl XXI. Doug Kay started his second season as head coach of the Destroyers. Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring",
"title": "2007 Columbus Destroyers season"
},
{
"id": "13779689",
"text": "role as Kathy Santoni as a guest star in the \"Full House\" spin-off series \"Fuller House\" in 2016. McEvoy received her B.A. in Psychology at the University of California, Berkeley in 2000. She received her PhD in Education and Psychology at the University of Michigan in 2007. As of now she is an associate professor at the University of California, Irvine. In fall of 2009 she was awarded two new grants from the National Science Foundation. She is now married to James Bradford Conley. They both have three children together. Anne Marie McEvoy Anne Marie McEvoy (born September 19, 1975)",
"title": "Anne Marie McEvoy"
},
{
"id": "18733717",
"text": "Nishiguchi's character, Harry Takayama, who was Stephanie's childhood friend. Shortly after announcing the spin-off series, it was uncertain whether Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, who shared the role of Michelle Tanner, would choose to participate. The Olsen twins ultimately rejected the offer because Ashley has not acted in years with no intentions to restart, and Mary-Kate initially considered the part but later declined as it was not feasible with her fashion career at the time. Subsequently, the producers decided to have Michelle reside in New York City, where she is highly focused on her fashion enterprise. By January 2016, they asked",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "20002036",
"text": "Superstore (season 3) The third season of \"Superstore\", the U.S. television series, was ordered on February 14, 2017. The season premiered on September 28, 2017 and contained 22 episodes. The series continues to air in the same timeslot Thursday at 8:00 PM, though the episode \"Christmas Eve\" aired on Tuesday, December 5. The season concluded on May 3, 2018. \"Superstore\" follows a group of employees working at Cloud 9, a fictional big-box store in St. Louis, Missouri. The ensemble and supporting cast features America Ferrera, Ben Feldman, Lauren Ash, Colton Dunn, Nico Santos, Nichole Bloom and Mark McKinney. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> It",
"title": "Superstore (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "20891814",
"text": "the United States on October 9, 2017, and ended on June 18, 2018. It premiered on October 16, 2017 in the United Kingdom on Sky One. The season was released on DVD on September 17, 2018, and Blu-ray on September 18, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave the third season a 80% approval rating from critics with an average rating of 7.32/10, based on 13 reviews. The site's consensus reads, \"Heavier themes lead to higher stakes, but \"Supergirl\" gives its eponymous heroine and her fellow supers plenty of room for growth, creating a well-balanced, engaging third season.\" Jesse",
"title": "Supergirl (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "18549245",
"text": "Tanner and Tammy Macintosh joined the cast as inmate Jodie Spiteri, psychologist Bridget Westfall and vigilante Karen Proctor, respectively. AACTA Awards (2015) Australian Writers' Guild Awards (2015 & 2016) Logie Awards (2016) The third season of \"Wentworth\" is available on both DVD and Blu-ray formats in Australia and Germany, and on DVD-only format in the United Kingdom and the United States. Wentworth (season 3) The third season of the television drama series \"Wentworth\" premiered on SoHo in Australia on 7 April 2015. It was executively produced by FremantleMedia's Director of Drama, Jo Porter. The season comprises 12 episodes. Season three",
"title": "Wentworth (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "20549861",
"text": "by David Lynch and Dean Hurley is featured in the episode; as of January 2018, the song has not been released on any official soundtrack of the series. \"Part 3\" was originally released on the Showtime Anytime app together with Part 4 on May 22, 2017; the episode was subsequently broadcast on the Showtime network on May 28, 2017, and was watched by 195,000 viewers in the United States, the lowest number of viewers for the season. \"Part 3\" received critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode received a 100% rating with an average score of 8.5 out of 10",
"title": "Part 3 (Twin Peaks)"
},
{
"id": "3172412",
"text": "Scott Weinger Scott Weinger (born October 5, 1975) is an American actor, voice actor, writer and producer, best known as the voice of the title character in Disney's \"Aladdin\". Weinger reprised the role in the two direct-to-video sequels, the television series of the same name, and the \"Kingdom Hearts\" and \"Disney Infinity\" video game series. He is also known for playing Steve Hale on the ABC sitcom \"Full House\" and its Netflix sequel \"Fuller House\". He is also a writer and producer for television, including for ABC's \"Galavant\" and \"Black-ish\". He was a co-executive producer of ABC's \"The Muppets\". Weinger",
"title": "Scott Weinger"
},
{
"id": "3558481",
"text": "a sitcom called \"Telenovela\" in which Longoria starred as a popular telenovela actress. It was filmed with a single camera. It ran for only one season. In 2017, Longoria directed the season three finale episode of the ABC comedy \"Black-ish\". In 2018, Longoria attended the premiere for her new film, \"Dog Days\" with co-stars Vanessa Hudgens (Tara) and Nina Dobrev (Elizabeth) on August 5, 2018. In March 2008, Longoria opened the restaurant Beso (which means \"kiss\" in Spanish) in Hollywood, along with partner and celebrity chef Todd English. The restaurant is located on Hollywood Boulevard and is accompanied by Kiss,",
"title": "Eva Longoria"
},
{
"id": "17792435",
"text": "1907: 1908: 1909: 1910: 1911: 1912: 1913: 1914: 1915: 1917: 1918: 1920: 1921: 1922: 1923: 1925: 1926: 1927: 1928: 1929: 1930: 1931: 1932: 1933: 1934: 1935: 1936: 1937: 1938: 1940: 1941: 1942: 1943: 1945: 1946: 1947: 1949: 1950: 1951: 1955: 1957: 1959: 1962: 1963: 1964: 1965: 1966: 1969: 1970: 1971: 1972: 1975: 1976: 1977: 1978: 1979: 1980: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1987: 1988: 1994: 1996: 2001: 2005–2006: 2006: 2011: 2013: 2016: Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818",
"title": "Timeline of women's education"
},
{
"id": "19539167",
"text": "1) has been shown on March 3. An English dub of the show premiered December 15, 2017 on Disney Channel Asia. It also premiered on Nickelodeon Sonic in India on July 16, 2018; however it was abruptly taken off the schedule nearly two weeks later for unknown reasons, with the last few episodes remaining to be aired. But in mid-November 2018, the new episodes were aired on Nick HD+ and the entire season was finished on November 18, 2018. The first episode of Season 2 was broadcast September 22, 2017, with episode two, three and four shown on September 29.",
"title": "Ejen Ali"
},
{
"id": "20002038",
"text": "News\". Superstore (season 3) The third season of \"Superstore\", the U.S. television series, was ordered on February 14, 2017. The season premiered on September 28, 2017 and contained 22 episodes. The series continues to air in the same timeslot Thursday at 8:00 PM, though the episode \"Christmas Eve\" aired on Tuesday, December 5. The season concluded on May 3, 2018. \"Superstore\" follows a group of employees working at Cloud 9, a fictional big-box store in St. Louis, Missouri. The ensemble and supporting cast features America Ferrera, Ben Feldman, Lauren Ash, Colton Dunn, Nico Santos, Nichole Bloom and Mark McKinney. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude>",
"title": "Superstore (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "17490625",
"text": "bandleader in The Beach Boys Tribute, a fundraiser for the City of Hope by the Get Together Foundation. He also reprised those duties for Rock and Roll Christmas later that year, a fundraiser for MusiCares. In February, 2016, Gary (and The Rippers) appeared in the premiere episode of the Netflix series, \"Fuller House\", the sequel to \"Full House\". In 2016, Griffin toured extensively singing and playing keyboards and vibes with Brian Wilson on his Pet Sounds 50th Anniversary World Tour, which has been extended into 2017. In February, 2017, Vivid Sound Corporation in Japan will release Griffin's first solo CD,",
"title": "Gary Griffin (musician)"
},
{
"id": "877103",
"text": "television production division. Although the series was set in San Francisco, the sitcom itself was taped at the Warner Bros. Studios in Los Angeles. Outside of certain excerpts in the opening title sequences, including Alamo Square Park's Painted Ladies, the only episode to have actually been taped in San Francisco was the first episode of season eight, \"Comet's Excellent Adventure\". There were also a few episodes which were filmed on-location elsewhere, most notably Hawaii in the season three premiere \"Tanner's Island\", and at Walt Disney World for the two-part sixth-season finale \"The House Meets the Mouse\". The series experienced heavy",
"title": "Full House"
},
{
"id": "16151403",
"text": "officially confirmed, with Kay Cannon returning to write the script. On June 10, 2015, a third film was officially confirmed, with Kay Cannon returning to write the script. The film was slated to be released on July 21, 2017, before being pushed back to August 4, 2017, before moving back to the July 21 slot. Finally it was decided to be released on December 22, 2017. Several days later it was announced both Kendrick and Wilson would reprise their roles, and later Brittany Snow was also confirmed to return. Hailee Steinfeld is also going to reprise her role. On October",
"title": "Pitch Perfect"
},
{
"id": "4160266",
"text": "She later was cast as the lead character of Liza Miller in the TV Land single-camera comedy-drama pilot \"Younger\", created by Darren Star. It was originally set to be released January 13, 2015 but she stated on January 31 in an interview at TETA TheatreFest 2015 in Houston, Texas that the release was delayed. The series premiered on March 31, 2015 and was renewed for a second season, which began airing in January 2016, shortly after it was renewed for a third season, set for a release at the end of the year. In July 2016, season three began filming,",
"title": "Sutton Foster"
},
{
"id": "14615411",
"text": "Katy Garretson Kathleen \"Katy\" Garretson (born May 15, 1963) is an American television director and producer, known for directing the sitcoms \"Frasier\", \"2 Broke Girls\", \"Fuller House\" and others, as well as producing Hallmark's \"Garage Sale Mystery\" movies. She received the Frank Capra Lifetime Achievement Award from the Directors Guild of America (DGA) in 2012 and has other nominations from the DGA for her work. Kathleen (Katy) Garretson was born in Nuremberg, Germany, where her father, a Captain in the U.S. Air Force, was stationed. Her parents were John Thomas Garretson, of Tucson, Arizona, where he earned his business degree",
"title": "Katy Garretson"
},
{
"id": "3726474",
"text": "forensic anthropologist and author Kathy Reichs, created by Hart Hanson. The series ran for 12 seasons from September 13, 2005 to March 28, 2017. For her performance, she received a 2006 Satellite Award nomination and a 2007 Teen Choice Award nomination. Deschanel and Boreanaz served as co-producers at the start of the show's third season, before becoming producers in the middle of the show's fourth season. While \"Bones\" was still in production, Deschanel also played the Brennan character on a 2015 episode of \"Sleepy Hollow\" and a 2016 episode of \"BoJack Horseman\". Deschanel, with Alyson Hannigan, Jaime King, Minka Kelly,",
"title": "Emily Deschanel"
},
{
"id": "17783623",
"text": "tabs versus spaces argument. The complete first season was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 31, 2015; bonus features include audio commentaries and behind-the-scenes featurettes. The second season was released on DVD and Blu-ray on April 19, 2016; bonus features include six audio commentaries, a behind-the-scenes featurette, and deleted scenes. The third season was released on DVD and Blu-ray on April 11, 2017; bonus features include deleted scenes. The fourth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray on September 12, 2017; bonus features include deleted scenes. In Australia, the series premiered on April 9, 2014, and aired on The",
"title": "Silicon Valley (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18858317",
"text": "a series of invented scenes bearing no relation to the truth.\" The series's first two episodes were released theatrically in the United Kingdom on November 1, 2016. The first season was released worldwide in its entirety on November 4, 2016. The second season was released on December 8, 2017. The third season is expected to be released in 2019. Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on October 16, 2017 and released worldwide on November 7, 2017. Season 2 was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on October 22, 2018 and was",
"title": "The Crown (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "13779688",
"text": "Anne Marie McEvoy Anne Marie McEvoy (born September 19, 1975) is an American actress, psychologist, and associate professor. McEvoy's first major role was as Little Girl on the American sitcom Archie Bunker's Place, from 1982. She also guest starred and starred in many movies and television series. McEvoy is known for playing Kathy Santoni in season three of the sitcom \"Full House\". She also appeared as Sarah in the film \"Children of the Corn\" (1984) and in the television movie \"Lots of Luck\" (1985). In 1991, McEvoy retired from acting and started focusing on her personal life. McEvoy reprised her",
"title": "Anne Marie McEvoy"
},
{
"id": "877106",
"text": "the closing credits; the version used during seasons three through eight was also used in the opening credits in some early syndication runs, although the song was almost always truncated to the chorus for broadcast. Seasons one through five used a longer version of the theme song. In syndicated airings, the line \"you miss your old familiar friends, but waiting just around the bend\" replaced the lines starting with \"how did I get delivered here, somebody tell me please...\" (after ABC Family acquired the series in 2003, it became the first television outlet to air the long versions of the",
"title": "Full House"
},
{
"id": "5485962",
"text": "Juan Pablo Di Pace Juan Pablo Di Pace is an Argentinian actor, singer and director. Di Pace began his career in the United Kingdom, performing in a number of musicals and appearing in films like \"Survival Island\" (2005) and \"Mamma Mia!\" (2008). He later moved to Spain, starring in several television series from 2009 to 2013. In 2014, Di Pace began starring as Nicolas Treviño in the TNT drama series \"Dallas\". Starting in 2016, he played the role of Kimmy Gibbler's estranged husband, Fernando, on \"Fuller House\", the sequel series to \"Full House\". Di Pace was born in Buenos Aires,",
"title": "Juan Pablo Di Pace"
},
{
"id": "1407484",
"text": "appeared as Leia in the television film \"Singled Out\". In 2015, it was announced Sweetin would reprise her role as Stephanie Tanner on the Netflix spin-off series \"Fuller House\". In 2017, she began starring on \"Hollywood Darlings\", an unscripted docu-comedy series where she plays an exaggerated version of herself. On March 2, 2016, Sweetin was announced as one of the celebrities to compete on \"Dancing with the Stars\" for season 22. Her professional dance partner was Keo Motsepe. Sweetin and Motsepe were eliminated on week eight of competition and finished in sixth place. In 2002, at age 20, Sweetin married",
"title": "Jodie Sweetin"
},
{
"id": "18802867",
"text": "Fulwell73. CBS Television Studios is the studio. Previously, Cardillo & Keith served as executive producers on the CW series Life Sentence, which they also created. In addition to Life Sentence, they also co-created and executive produced the 1/2 hour comedy Significant Mother for The CW and served as co-executive producers the second season of \"Fuller House\" for Netflix. Keith also wrote and directed the short film Grow Up Already, which screened at the over a dozen festivals including The NapaValley Film Festival, The LA Shortsfest and The Atlantic Film Festival. The film was produced by Sycamore Pictures (The Hollars, The",
"title": "Richard Keith (writer/actor/director)"
},
{
"id": "20002037",
"text": "was announced on July 28, 2017 that Kelly Stables had been cast in a recurring role as new Cloud 9 employee named Kelly, who, as a recently divorced woman, strikes up a relationship with Ben Feldman's character Jonah. On May 14, 2017, NBC originally announced that \"Superstore\" would be moving its timeslot from Thursday at 8:00 PM to Tuesday at 9:00 PM with returning series \"This Is Us\" anchoring Thursday night. However, on May 30, 2017, NBC reverted its decision and moved it back to its original timeslot along with returning comedies \"The Good Place\", \"Will & Grace\" and \"Great",
"title": "Superstore (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "20318973",
"text": "it moved to CTV for its fourth and final season, consisting of eight episodes. The first season originally aired from January 29 to April 2, 2014, while the second season aired from January 19 to March 23, 2015. A third season premiered on June 20, 2016, concluding on August 22, and the fourth season premiered on July 31, 2017, and concluded on September 18. In the United States, the series airs on the streaming service Acorn TV, with the first season premiering on January 18, 2016, the second on May 16, the third on October 24, and the fourth on",
"title": "19-2 (2014 TV series)"
},
{
"id": "7364421",
"text": "Robert Horn Productions, Grammnet Productions and Debmar-Mercury, among other contributors. Robert L. Boyett Productions alone was originally said to be in development with Jeff Franklin Productions for the upcoming 2016 \"Full House\" sequel series, \"Fuller House\". However, when a front cover image of the first \"Fuller House\" shooting script was made public in late July 2015, both Miller and Boyett were listed as executive producers on the script, with Miller-Boyett Productions being listed at the bottom of the cover page—thus confirming that the production company has been effectively resurrected. Miller-Boyett Productions Miller-Boyett Productions (or simply Miller-Boyett) is an American television",
"title": "Miller-Boyett Productions"
},
{
"id": "18733721",
"text": "initial dose of nostalgia, \"Fuller House\" has little to offer to anyone except the original series' most diehard fans.\" On Metacritic the series has an average score of 35 out of 100, based on 28 critics, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\". Dan Fienberg of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" panned the show, calling it \"a mawkish, grating, broadly played chip off the \"Full House\" block.\" He also added that \"It's doubtful that there will be a more painful 2016 TV episode than the \"Fuller House\" pilot, which takes an inexcusable 35 minutes to establish a plot that is just an inversion of the",
"title": "Fuller House (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19273586",
"text": "2015. The series was ordered for production in November 2015 with a ten-episode order. A sneak peek aired on January 1, 2017, with the official premiere on January 2, 2017. On January 10, 2017, Freeform renewed the series for a second season; season 2 premiered on January 18, 2018, with a double episode. The 10-episode second season's finale aired March 22, 2018. The entire first season was released on digital platforms, such as OnDemand, the Freeform App and website, and Hulu, on January 2, 2017. A recap special entitled \"Beyond: What Lies Ahead\" aired on December 28, 2017, and drew",
"title": "Beyond (2017 TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18845916",
"text": "short cameo performance. Principal photography on the film began on January 5, 2017, and took place in Atlanta, Georgia, and Cádiz, Spain and Nice, France and wrapped on April 3, 2017. \"Pitch Perfect 3\" was initially scheduled for July 21, and August 4, 2017. It had its world premiere in Sydney, Australia, on November 29, 2017, and was released in the United States on December 22, 2017. \"Pitch Perfect 3\" grossed $104.9 million in the United States and Canada and $79 million in other territories, for a total of $183.9 million, against a production budget of $45 million. In the",
"title": "Pitch Perfect 3"
},
{
"id": "18019202",
"text": "new record also featuring George Dalaras. Athena featured singing on the Save The Children TV ad in the UK with her version of ‘Silent Night’ winter 2012-2013 and again in 2014-2015, as well as on the TV commercial campaign in Germany winter 2015-2016. Athena's song \"You Bring Me Luck\" is sung by Stephanie (Jodie Sweetin) during the Fuller House season 3 finale, released December 2017. Athena (Andreadis) Athena Andreadis is an Anglo-Greek musician, singer and songwriter born in London to Greek parents. In 2008, she was featured in a British television documentary called ATHENA: MY MUSIC . Athena and her",
"title": "Athena (Andreadis)"
},
{
"id": "20891808",
"text": "to a series regular from her recurring status in the previous season, and and new cast member Odette Annable. The season premiered on The CW on October 9, 2017, and ran until June 18, 2018, over 23 episodes. The series was renewed for a fourth season on April 2, 2018. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 8, 2017, The CW renewed \"Supergirl\" for a third season. Series co-creator Allison Adler decided not to return as showrunner for season 3, and instead remained as a consultant. Jessica Queller and Robert Rovner served as the showrunners alongside series co-creator Andrew Kreisberg. Jessica Queller described the",
"title": "Supergirl (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "6902458",
"text": "launching the long-rumored revival series to \"Full House\", entitled \"Fuller House\". It marked the first time since the late 1990s that Jeff Franklin Productions and Miller-Boyett Productions were active in TV series producing, and ultimately, that Frederick and Salvay were working on music compositions for episodic television. As \"Fuller House\" moved into production, the producers were successful in courting Frederick and Salvay back to compose the score and theme music for the show; the pair oversaw all music arrangement for the entire 13-episode first season, which premiered on Netflix on February 26, 2016. While Frederick and Salvay worked on the",
"title": "Jesse Frederick"
},
{
"id": "14615418",
"text": "an alumna of USC. She served on the inaugural Alumni Board of Directors for the Annenberg School of Journalism and Communications, and is a booster and avid fan of USC Trojan Football. Katy Garretson Kathleen \"Katy\" Garretson (born May 15, 1963) is an American television director and producer, known for directing the sitcoms \"Frasier\", \"2 Broke Girls\", \"Fuller House\" and others, as well as producing Hallmark's \"Garage Sale Mystery\" movies. She received the Frank Capra Lifetime Achievement Award from the Directors Guild of America (DGA) in 2012 and has other nominations from the DGA for her work. Kathleen (Katy) Garretson",
"title": "Katy Garretson"
},
{
"id": "14056988",
"text": "aspirations of getting into Stanford. After her break-up with Steve, she briefly dates rich boy Nelson, and guitarist Viper. Stephanie is in the seventh grade. Michelle begins third grade along with her friends Teddy and Lisa. Nicky and Alex start preschool. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Full House (season 8) The eighth and final season of the ABC sitcom \"Full House\" originally aired between September 27, 1994 and May 23, 1995. In 2016, the new Netflix spin-off \"Fuller House\" was released. It is a continuation and revolves around the life of D.J., now named D.J. Tanner-Fuller. In the final season, Danny begins to date",
"title": "Full House (season 8)"
},
{
"id": "9596259",
"text": "folded into New Line's parent company Warner Bros. Entertainment Film Distributors have released many BAFTA- and Oscar-winning films including \"The Departed\", \"Million Dollar Baby\", \"Gosford Park\", \"Brokeback Mountain\" and \"The Artist\". List of films distributed include: 1974: 1975: 1976: 1978: 1979: 1981: 1982: 1983: 1984: 1985: 1986: 1987: 1988: 1989: 1990: 1991: 1992: 1993: 1994: 1995: 1996: 1997: 1998: 1999: 2000: 2001: 2002: 2003: 2004: 2005: 2006: 2007: 2008: 2009: 2010: 2011: 2012: 2013: 2014: 2015: 2016: 2017: 2018: Entertainment Film Distributors Entertainment Film Distributors is a British distributor of independent films in the UK and Ireland for various production",
"title": "Entertainment Film Distributors"
},
{
"id": "18967485",
"text": "for a second season. Production began in June 2012 and ended in August 2012. The third season was announced on March 1, 2016 and it premiered on March 11, 2016. The fourth season began filming on April 20, 2017 and finished filming on June 13, 2017. The season premiered on November 3, 2017 on the new Keshet 12 channel. The fifth season began filming on March 25, 2018 and finished filming on May 22, 2018. The sixth season was announced by Yaniv Polishook on November 26, 2018. In April 7, 2015 the show premiered in United States under the title",
"title": "Sabri Maranan (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "5928677",
"text": "Rhys Wakefield Rhys Wakefield (born 20 November 1988) is an Australian actor and director whose films have grossed over $240 million worldwide. He first started out as a regular on the Australian TV series \"Home and Away\" where he starred in 363 episodes. He played the lead in James Cameron's thriller \"Sanctum\", the Polite Leader in \"The Purge\" franchise and was nominated for Best Actor in a Feature Film by the Australian Film Institute and the Australian Film Critics Circle for his role in The Black Balloon\". \"Wakefield is now set to star in season 3 of HBO's \"True Detective\"",
"title": "Rhys Wakefield"
},
{
"id": "10590031",
"text": "Christmas\". Jepsen played Frenchy in \"Grease Live\", Fox's live television presentation of the musical \"Grease\" in January 2016. As part of her role, she performed a new song entitled \"All I Need Is an Angel\". In late 2015, Jepsen recorded the theme song for the Netflix series \"Fuller House\", a remake of the theme to \"Full House\". In 2016, she appeared on The Knocks' debut album \"55\". Jepsen released \"\" in August 2016, an EP containing eight cut tracks from \"Emotion\". The EP was listed on several end-of-year lists from publications such as \"Rolling Stone\" and \"Pitchfork\". In May 2017,",
"title": "Carly Rae Jepsen"
},
{
"id": "3568507",
"text": "ABC. In 2013 she played Agent Tanya Mays in the episode \"Final Shot\" on \"Criminal Minds\". In July 2015, it was announced that LaRue had been cast on \"Fuller House\", the revival series of the sitcom \"Full House\". She portrayed the character of Teri Tanner, the vivacious wife of Danny Tanner. The series premiered on Netflix in 2016. She also played the role of the Admirable in 3 episodes of \"Mack & Moxy\". LaRue's sister Nika was one of the women photographed by convicted serial killer Bill Bradford for his collection. She was No. 3 (out of 54 women) on",
"title": "Eva LaRue"
},
{
"id": "18581479",
"text": "September 1974–April 1975 September 1975–April 1976 September 1976–April 1977 September 1977–April 1978 September 1978–April 1979 September 1979–April 1980 September 1980–April 1981 September 1981–April 1982 September 1982–April 1983 September 1983–April 1984 September 1984–April 1985 September 1985–April 1986 September 1986–April 1987 September 1987–April 1988 October 1988–April 1989 September 1989–April 1990 September 1990–April 1991 September 1991–April 1992 September 1992–April 1993 September 1993–April 1994 September 1994–April 1995 September 1995–May 1996 September 1996–May 1997 September 1997–May 1998 September 1998–May 1999 September 1999–May 2000 September 2000–May 2001 September 2001–May 2002 September 2002–May 2003 September 2003–May 2004 September 2004–May 2005 September 2005–May 2006 September 2006–May 2007 September",
"title": "Top-rated United States television programs by season"
},
{
"id": "19452267",
"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a rating of 80%, based on 9 reviews, whose average rating is 7.45/10. The third season, featuring audio commentaries and deleted scenes, was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 13, 2018. Fear the Walking Dead (season 3) The third season of \"Fear the Walking Dead\", an American horror-drama television series on AMC, premiered on June 4, 2017 and consisted of 16 episodes. The season is split into two eight-episode parts, with the first half concluding on July 9, 2017; the second half premiered on September 10, 2017 and concluded on October 15, 2017.",
"title": "Fear the Walking Dead (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "877101",
"text": "sisters occasionally appeared together in fantasy sequences.) All six of the original cast members remained with the show through its entire eight-year run, with five characters added to the main cast along the way. D.J.'s best friend Kimmy was a recurring character in seasons one through four, who was upgraded to a regular in season five. Rebecca originally appeared for six episodes in season two; producers decided to expand her role and made her a regular the following season. After marrying Jesse, they have twins Nicky and Alex, who make their debut in season five. As babies, the children were",
"title": "Full House"
},
{
"id": "10935584",
"text": "John Brotherton John Brotherton (born August 21, 1980) is an American actor. He is most known for playing Jared Banks on the ABC soap opera \"One Life to Live\". He currently stars as Matt Harmon on Netflix's \"Fuller House\". He began acting at the age of 10. Brotherton played Jared Banks on the ABC soap opera \"One Life to Live\" from August 10, 2007, until November 13, 2009, appearing as a vision on February 9, 2010. Since 2016, he has played Matt Harmon, DJ's love interest, on the Netflix series \"Fuller House\", a sequel series to the ABC sitcom \"Full",
"title": "John Brotherton"
},
{
"id": "15451024",
"text": "on December 21, 2011. The second season premiered on October 17, 2012, and concluded on January 23, 2013. The third season premiered on October 9, 2013, and concluded on January 29, 2014. The fourth season premiered on October 8, 2014, and concluded on January 21, 2015. The fifth season premiered on October 7, 2015, and concluded on January 13, 2016. The sixth season premiered on September 14, 2016, and concluded on November 16, 2016. The seventh season premiered on September 5, 2017, and concluded on November 14, 2017. The eighth season premiered on September 12, 2018 and concluded on November",
"title": "American Horror Story"
},
{
"id": "18177892",
"text": "Telltale game engine that it is using for its Batman game. During the 2016 PAX Expo, Telltale revealed the third season will be released in November 2016, with the subtitle \"A New Frontier\". Telltale later had to delay the first episode's release until December 20, 2016. Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment will publish retail versions of Season 3 as part of a deal with Telltale for \"Batman\" that was released in August 2016. The physical edition is expected to release on February 24, 2017 in North America and March 3, 2017 in Europe; it will contain the first two episodes on",
"title": "The Walking Dead: A New Frontier"
},
{
"id": "1411765",
"text": "for Project Cuddle. From 2005 to 2009, Stamos had a starring role on the NBC medical drama \"ER\" as Dr. Tony Gates. In September 2009, he began playing the role of Albert in the Broadway revival of \"Bye Bye Birdie\". From September 2015 to 2016, Stamos starred as the lead character in the Fox sitcom \"Grandfathered\". As of 2016, he is an executive producer of the Netflix series \"Fuller House\", in which he occasionally reprises the role of Jesse Katsopolis. John Stamos was born on August 19, 1963 in Cypress, California to William \"Bill\" Stamos, a restaurateur, and Loretta (née",
"title": "John Stamos"
},
{
"id": "877102",
"text": "played by Daniel and Kevin Renteria, and in season six, the roles of the twins were succeeded by Blake and Dylan Tuomy-Wilhoit. The last main character added was Steve Hale, who was D.J.'s boyfriend in seasons six and seven. He was played by Scott Weinger. The series was created by Jeff Franklin and executive produced by Franklin, along with Thomas L. Miller and Robert L. Boyett. The series was produced by Jeff Franklin Productions and Miller-Boyett Productions, in association with Lorimar-Telepictures (1987–1988), Lorimar Television (1988–1993), and then by Warner Bros. Television (1993–1995) after Lorimar was folded into Warner Bros.'s existing",
"title": "Full House"
},
{
"id": "18768858",
"text": "and their associates. The first and second series were released back-to-back between September 2015–August 2016 as monthly instalments. Third and fourth series followed between March–August 2017 and March–August 2018, respectively, while a fifth series is set for release between March 2019–February 2020. In addition to the main range, specials featuring ensemble casts are released infrequently. The first, \"The Torchwood Archive\", was released in October 2016 to commemorate the tenth anniversary of \"Torchwood\"'s TV debut, with the boxsets \"Outbreak\" and \"Torchwood One: Before the Fall\" following in November 2016 and January 2017, respectively. A three-part series titled \"Aliens Among Us\" –",
"title": "Torchwood (audio drama series)"
},
{
"id": "14480603",
"text": "ended filming 27 November 2012. On 5 June 2013, Alicia Banit and Thomas Lacey appeared on ABC3's \"Studio 3\" to announce the series 3 premiere on 8 July 2013. The show is available on streaming sites, including Hulu.com and Netflix.com. Entire episodes of all three seasons are also available, for free, on the show's official YouTube channel, however it is not available in Australia. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation has released all episodes from series one through three on DVD—with series one and two across four volumes and series three over two—as well as series collections and a complete series one",
"title": "Dance Academy"
},
{
"id": "17806677",
"text": "news media that she will return. However, no date has been set because Sally Wainwright has previous commitments to work on other projects. \"Sally has told us she wants to write another series, which will be the final one. We don't know when it will happen,\" Sarah Lancashire said in September 2016. Producer Nicola Shindler has confirmed that the series would not be broadcast until 2018 at the earliest. As of December 2018, no air date for the third series had been announced. Catherine Cawood (Sarah Lancashire) is a strong-willed police sergeant in West Yorkshire, still coming to terms with",
"title": "Happy Valley (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19016610",
"text": "rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research. Note: ABC aired \"Dancing with the Stars\" on Tuesday from September 20 to October 4. Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: Returning series: New series: Not returning from 2015–16: 2016–17 United States network television schedule The 2016–17 network television schedule for the five major English-language commercial broadcast networks in the United States covers prime time hours from September 2016 to August 2017. The schedule is",
"title": "2016–17 United States network television schedule"
},
{
"id": "9377683",
"text": "Tracy Letts Tracy S. Letts (born July 4, 1965) is an American actor, playwright and screenwriter. He received the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his play \"\" and a Tony Award for his portrayal of George in the revival of \"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\" (2013). He is also known for his portrayal of Andrew Lockhart in seasons 3 and 4 of Showtime's \"Homeland\", for which he has been nominated for two Screen Actors Guild Awards as a member of the ensemble. He currently portrays Nick on the HBO comedy \"Divorce\". In 2017, Letts starred in three critically acclaimed",
"title": "Tracy Letts"
},
{
"id": "4173613",
"text": "Jeff Franklin Jeffrey Steven Franklin (born January 21, 1955) is an American producer, screenwriter, and director. He is known for being the creator of the television series \"Full House\", as well as other sitcoms, such as the spin-off \"Fuller House,\" \"Hangin' with Mr. Cooper\" and also \"Malcolm & Eddie\". Franklin was raised in Inglewood, California. He worked as a substitute teacher in his hometown before becoming a writer. Franklin began his television career as a writer and producer for \"Laverne & Shirley\" and \"Bosom Buddies\". Franklin pitched his own show to ABC called \"House of Comics\" which featured three comics",
"title": "Jeff Franklin"
},
{
"id": "3133369",
"text": "Andrea Barber Andrea Laura Barber (born 1976) is an American actress. She is known for playing Kimmy Gibbler in the ABC sitcom \"Full House\" and the Netflix spin-off series \"Fuller House\". Barber is the youngest of three children. She graduated from La Serna High School in Whittier, California. She earned a degree in English from Whittier College in 1999. Barber also has an MA in Women's Studies from the University of York, England. She returned to Whittier as assistant to the director of Whittier College's Office of International Programs. Barber's first major role was as the original Carrie Brady on",
"title": "Andrea Barber"
},
{
"id": "4467918",
"text": "Polyphonic Spree. In the book, Hornby describes the people who run \"The Believer\" as being \"all dressed in white robes and smiling maniacally, sort of like a literary equivalent of the Polyphonic Spree.\" (pg. 30) There are three follow-up books, \"Housekeeping vs. The Dirt\" (2006), \"Shakespeare Wrote for Money\" (2008) and \"More Baths Less Talking\" (2012). Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read:",
"title": "The Polysyllabic Spree"
},
{
"id": "19475889",
"text": "to broadcast the series in the United States, where it is presented as an original series for the network. The first half of the second season premiered in Canada on May 25 and concluded on July 20, 2017. The second half aired in the summer of 2018. On September 21, 2017, Global ordered a 12 episode third season set to start production in spring 2018. Shooting has been underway, including at Queens Quay. Private Eyes (TV series) Private Eyes (formerly known as \"The Code\") is a Canadian comedy-drama television series created by Tim Kilby and Shelley Eriksen that stars Jason",
"title": "Private Eyes (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18087071",
"text": "season aired on March 24, 2015. On February 27, 2015, the series was renewed for a second season with 22 more episodes. The second season premiered on September 22, 2015. The second half premiered on March 15, 2016. OWN renewed the series for a third season. The third season of the series premiered on September 13, 2016. The second half of season 3 premiered on March 21, 2017. On August 29, 2017, OWN announced the show's return for the fourth season, which premiered on September 19, 2017. The second half of season 4 premiered on January 10, 2018 and ended",
"title": "If Loving You Is Wrong"
},
{
"id": "17792434",
"text": "Timeline of women's education This is a timeline of women's education. 1237 1239 1608 1636 1639 1644 1674 1678 1685 1727 1732 1742 1751 1783 1786 1787 1788 1803 1818 1822 1823 1826 1827 1829 1831 1834 1834 1837 1839 1841 1842 1843 1844 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870: 1871 1872: 1873: 1874: 1875: 1876: 1877: 1878: 1878: 1879: 1880: 1881: 1882: 1883: 1885: 1886: 1887: 1889: 1890: 1891: 1892: 1893: 1894: 1895: 1896: 1898: 1900: 1901: 1902: 1903: 1904: 1905: 1906:",
"title": "Timeline of women's education"
}
] | when is the season 3 of fuller house coming out |
[
"central banking system"
] | [
{
"id": "134956",
"text": "Federal Reserve The Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States of America. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the panic of 1907) led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises. Over the years, events such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s have led to the expansion of the roles and responsibilities of",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134957",
"text": "the Federal Reserve System. The U.S. Congress established three key objectives for monetary policy in the Federal Reserve Act: maximizing employment, stabilizing prices, and moderating long-term interest rates. The first two objectives are sometimes referred to as the Federal Reserve's dual mandate. Its duties have expanded over the years, and currently also include supervising and regulating banks, maintaining the stability of the financial system, and providing financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions. The Fed conducts research into the economy and provides numerous publications, such as the Beige Book and the FRED database. The Federal",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "135035",
"text": "due to what is seen by some as poor historical performance and traditionalist concerns about the debasement of the value of the dollar. From the beginning, the Federal Reserve has been the subject of many popular conspiracy theories, that typically link the Fed to numerous other supposed conspiracies. Bundled references Federal Reserve The Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States of America. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134976",
"text": "derives its authority and purpose from the Federal Reserve Act, which was passed by Congress in 1913 and is subject to Congressional modification or repeal. The four main components of the Federal Reserve System are (1) the board of governors, (2) the Federal Open Market Committee, (3) the twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks, and (4) the member banks throughout the country. The seven-member board of governors is a federal agency. It is charged with the overseeing of the 12 District Reserve Banks and setting national monetary policy. It also supervises and regulates the U.S. banking system in general. Governors are",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "1516841",
"text": "Federal Reserve Bank A Federal Reserve Bank is a regional bank of the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States. There are twelve in total, one for each of the twelve Federal Reserve Districts that were created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. The banks are jointly responsible for implementing the monetary policy set forth by the Federal Open Market Committee, and are divided as follows: Some banks also possess branches, with the whole system being headquartered at the Eccles Building in Washington, D.C. Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of Treasury, started a movement in",
"title": "Federal Reserve Bank"
},
{
"id": "134961",
"text": "Federal Reserve System was to address banking panics. Other purposes are stated in the Federal Reserve Act, such as \"to furnish an elastic currency, to afford means of rediscounting commercial paper, to establish a more effective supervision of banking in the United States, and for other purposes\". Before the founding of the Federal Reserve System, the United States underwent several financial crises. A particularly severe crisis in 1907 led Congress to enact the Federal Reserve Act in 1913. Today the Federal Reserve System has responsibilities in addition to ensuring the stability of the financial system. Current functions of the Federal",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134964",
"text": "Reserve SystemPurposes and Functions\" as follows: In the United States, the Federal Reserve serves as the lender of last resort to those institutions that cannot obtain credit elsewhere and the collapse of which would have serious implications for the economy. It took over this role from the private sector \"clearing houses\" which operated during the Free Banking Era; whether public or private, the availability of liquidity was intended to prevent bank runs. Through its discount window and credit operations, Reserve Banks provide liquidity to banks to meet short-term needs stemming from seasonal fluctuations in deposits or unexpected withdrawals. Longer term",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "1516860",
"text": "serves Hawaii. New York, Richmond, and San Francisco are the only banks that oversee non-U.S. state territories. The System serves these territories as follows: the New York Bank serves the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; the Richmond Bank serves the District of Columbia; the San Francisco Bank serves American Samoa, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. The Board of Governors last revised the branch boundaries of the System in February 1996. Federal Reserve Bank A Federal Reserve Bank is a regional bank of the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the",
"title": "Federal Reserve Bank"
},
{
"id": "134973",
"text": "bank is performing or behaving poorly, it will report this to the board of governors. This policy is described in United States Code: The Federal Reserve plays a role in the U.S. payments system. The twelve Federal Reserve Banks provide banking services to depository institutions and to the federal government. For depository institutions, they maintain accounts and provide various payment services, including collecting checks, electronically transferring funds, and distributing and receiving currency and coin. For the federal government, the Reserve Banks act as fiscal agents, paying Treasury checks; processing electronic payments; and issuing, transferring, and redeeming U.S. government securities. In",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134988",
"text": "are supposed to represent the interests of the public. Lastly, class C board members are appointed by the board of governors, and are also intended to represent the interests of the public. The Federal Reserve Banks have an intermediate legal status, with some features of private corporations and some features of public federal agencies. The United States has an interest in the Federal Reserve Banks as tax-exempt federally created instrumentalities whose profits belong to the federal government, but this interest is not proprietary. In \"Lewis v. United States\", the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit stated that:",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134994",
"text": "the Federal Reserve System to force the board to reveal the identities of firms for which it has provided guarantees during the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Bloomberg, L.P. won at the trial court and the Fed's appeals were rejected at both the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and the U.S. Supreme Court. The data was released on March 31, 2011. The term \"monetary policy\" refers to the actions undertaken by a central bank, such as the Federal Reserve, to influence the availability and cost of money and credit to help promote national economic goals. What happens",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "1516851",
"text": "Fed’s power has expanded from its original roles such as a private response to problems in banking systems and to establishing a more effective supervisory role of banking systems in the United States, to its now current position of being a lender of last resort to banking institutions that require additional credit to stay afloat. The twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks were established as the operating arms of the nation's central banking system. They are organized much like private corporations—possibly leading to some confusion about ownership. The Federal Reserve Banks have an intermediate legal status, with some features of private",
"title": "Federal Reserve Bank"
},
{
"id": "1516854",
"text": "and the various commercial (member) banks, political science professor Michael D. Reagan has written that: The Federal Reserve System provides the government with a ready source of loans and serves as the safe depository for federal money. The Federal Reserve is also a low-cost mechanism for transferring funds and is an inexpensive agent for meeting payments on the national debt and government salaries. The Federal Reserve Banks were created as instrumentalities to carry out the policies of the Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve Banks issue shares of stock to member banks. However, owning Federal Reserve Bank stock is quite",
"title": "Federal Reserve Bank"
},
{
"id": "16592185",
"text": "Federal Reserve Deposits Federal Reserve Deposits, also known as Federal Reserve Accounts, are deposits of gold or, later, Treasury Bills placed by United States banks with the Federal Reserve, the central bank. They are interchangeable with Federal Reserve Notes; both are forms of reserve balances and act as backing for the banks to create their own deposits in the form of loans to customers or to each other. The Federal Reserve (Fed), when founded in 1913, sought to integrate the individual banks in the United States. To this end, they prohibited private bank notes and limited banks to only creating",
"title": "Federal Reserve Deposits"
},
{
"id": "5051615",
"text": "Federal Reserve Board of Governors The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, commonly known as the Federal Reserve Board, is the main governing body of the Federal Reserve System. It is charged with overseeing the Federal Reserve Banks and with helping implement the monetary policy of the United States. Governors are appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate for staggered 14-year terms. By law, the appointments must yield a \"fair representation of the financial, agricultural, industrial, and commercial interests and geographical divisions of the country\". As stipulated in the Banking Act of",
"title": "Federal Reserve Board of Governors"
},
{
"id": "134995",
"text": "to money and credit affects interest rates (the cost of credit) and the performance of an economy. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 gave the Federal Reserve authority to set monetary policy in the United States. The Federal Reserve sets monetary policy by influencing the federal funds rate, which is the rate of interbank lending of excess reserves. The rate that banks charge each other for these loans is determined in the interbank market and the Federal Reserve influences this rate through the three \"tools\" of monetary policy described in the \"Tools\" section below. The federal funds rate is a",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134958",
"text": "Reserve System is composed of several layers. It is governed by the presidentially appointed board of governors or Federal Reserve Board (FRB). Twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks, located in cities throughout the nation, regulate and oversee privately owned commercial banks. Nationally chartered commercial banks are required to hold stock in, and can elect some of the board members of, the Federal Reserve Bank of their region. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) sets monetary policy. It consists of all seven members of the board of governors and the twelve regional Federal Reserve Bank presidents, though only five bank presidents vote",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "16592192",
"text": "monetary base: Federal Reserve Balance Sheet Private Bank Balance Sheet Federal Reserve Deposits are frequently misunderstood even by politicians and economists. Below are some comparisons with popular monetary terms to illustrate what Federal Reserve Deposits are and are not. Federal Reserve Deposits Federal Reserve Deposits, also known as Federal Reserve Accounts, are deposits of gold or, later, Treasury Bills placed by United States banks with the Federal Reserve, the central bank. They are interchangeable with Federal Reserve Notes; both are forms of reserve balances and act as backing for the banks to create their own deposits in the form of",
"title": "Federal Reserve Deposits"
},
{
"id": "11568274",
"text": "the Federal Reserve have been: History of the Federal Reserve System This article is about the history of the United States Federal Reserve System from its creation to the present. The Federal Reserve System is the third central banking system in United States history. The First Bank of the United States (1791–1811) and the Second Bank of the United States (1817–1836) each had a 20-year charter. Both banks issued currency, made commercial loans, accepted deposits, purchased securities, maintained multiple branches and acted as fiscal agents for the U.S. Treasury. The U.S. Federal Government was required to purchase 20% of the",
"title": "History of the Federal Reserve System"
},
{
"id": "1422623",
"text": "determined and implemented by the US Federal Reserve System, commonly referred to as the Federal Reserve. Established in 1913 by the Federal Reserve Act to provide central banking functions, the Federal Reserve System is a quasi-public institution. Ostensibly, the Federal Reserve Banks are 12 private banking corporations; they are independent in their day-to-day operations, but legislatively accountable to Congress through the auspices of Federal Reserve Board of Governors. The Board of Governors is an independent governmental agency consisting of seven officials and their support staff of over 1800 employees headquartered in Washington, D.C. It is independent in the sense that",
"title": "Monetary policy of the United States"
},
{
"id": "1516856",
"text": "kept on account at the Federal Reserve. Historically, the Federal Reserve did not pay interest on these funds. The Federal Reserve now has authority, granted by Congress in the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (EESA) of 2008, to pay interest on these funds. A major responsibility of The Federal Reserve is to oversee their banking and financial systems. Overseeing the banking and financial systems of a bank is crucial in a society. Each Federal Reserve Bank funds its own operations, primarily from interest on its loans and on the securities it holds. Expenses and dividends paid are typically a small fraction",
"title": "Federal Reserve Bank"
},
{
"id": "661091",
"text": "Federal Reserve Act The Federal Reserve Act (ch. 6, , enacted December 23, 1913, 12 U.S.C. §§ 221 to 522) is an Act of Congress that created the Federal Reserve System (the central banking system of the United States), and which created the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes (commonly known as the US Dollar) as legal tender. The Act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. The Federal Reserve Act created a system of private and public entities. There were to be at least eight and no more than twelve private regional Federal Reserve banks. Twelve were established,",
"title": "Federal Reserve Act"
},
{
"id": "134960",
"text": "paid, and an account surplus is maintained. In 2015, the Federal Reserve earned net income of $100.2 billion and transferred $97.7 billion to the U.S. Treasury. Although an instrument of the US Government, the Federal Reserve System considers itself \"an independent central bank because its monetary policy decisions do not have to be approved by the President or anyone else in the executive or legislative branches of government, it does not receive funding appropriated by the Congress, and the terms of the members of the board of governors span multiple presidential and congressional terms.\" The primary motivation for creating the",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "661119",
"text": "regulate the value of our money, the vast majority of which private banks (and, by the 2000s, shadow banks) create through private-interest-bearing debt. Federal Reserve Act The Federal Reserve Act (ch. 6, , enacted December 23, 1913, 12 U.S.C. §§ 221 to 522) is an Act of Congress that created the Federal Reserve System (the central banking system of the United States), and which created the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes (commonly known as the US Dollar) as legal tender. The Act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. The Federal Reserve Act created a system of private",
"title": "Federal Reserve Act"
},
{
"id": "134966",
"text": "(AIG). In its role as the central bank of the United States, the Fed serves as a banker's bank and as the government's bank. As the banker's bank, it helps to assure the safety and efficiency of the payments system. As the government's bank or fiscal agent, the Fed processes a variety of financial transactions involving trillions of dollars. Just as an individual might keep an account at a bank, the U.S. Treasury keeps a checking account with the Federal Reserve, through which incoming federal tax deposits and outgoing government payments are handled. As part of this service relationship, the",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "18280221",
"text": "of the Federal Reserve Act, largely in response to a series of financial panics, particularly a severe panic in 1907. Over time, the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System have expanded, and its structure has evolved. Events such as the Great Depression in the 1930s were major factors leading to changes in the system. The U.S. Congress established three key objectives for monetary policy in the Federal Reserve Act: Maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rates. The first two objectives are sometimes referred to as the Federal Reserve's dual mandate. Its duties have expanded over the",
"title": "Federal Reserve Transparency Act of 2013"
},
{
"id": "134974",
"text": "the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980, Congress reaffirmed that the Federal Reserve should promote an efficient nationwide payments system. The act subjects all depository institutions, not just member commercial banks, to reserve requirements and grants them equal access to Reserve Bank payment services. The Federal Reserve plays a role in the nation's retail and wholesale payments systems by providing financial services to depository institutions. Retail payments are generally for relatively small-dollar amounts and often involve a depository institution's retail clientsindividuals and smaller businesses. The Reserve Banks' retail services include distributing currency and coin, collecting checks, and",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "661092",
"text": "and each had various branches, a board of directors, and district boundaries. The Federal Reserve Board, consisting of seven members, was created as the governing body of the Fed. Each member is appointed by the President of the U.S and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. In 1935, the Board was renamed and restructured. Also created as part of the Federal Reserve System was a 12-member Federal Advisory Committee and a single new United States currency, the Federal Reserve Note. The Federal Reserve Act created a national currency and a monetary system that could respond effectively to the stresses in the",
"title": "Federal Reserve Act"
},
{
"id": "134965",
"text": "liquidity may also be provided in exceptional circumstances. The rate the Fed charges banks for these loans is called the discount rate (officially the primary credit rate). By making these loans, the Fed serves as a buffer against unexpected day-to-day fluctuations in reserve demand and supply. This contributes to the effective functioning of the banking system, alleviates pressure in the reserves market and reduces the extent of unexpected movements in the interest rates. For example, on September 16, 2008, the Federal Reserve Board authorized an $85 billion loan to stave off the bankruptcy of international insurance giant American International Group",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "135034",
"text": "statement for all Federal Reserve banks. The board of governors requires that excess earnings of the Reserve Banks be transferred to the Treasury as interest on Federal Reserve notes. Below is the balance sheet (in billions of dollars): In addition, the balance sheet also indicates which assets are held as collateral against Federal Reserve Notes. The Federal Reserve System has faced various criticisms since its inception in 1913. Critique of the organization and system has come from sources such as writers, journalists, economists, and financial institutions as well as politicians and various government employees. Criticisms include transparency, doubt of efficacy",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134996",
"text": "short-term interest rate that the FOMC focuses on, which affects the longer-term interest rates throughout the economy. The Federal Reserve summarized its monetary policy in 2005: Effects on the quantity of reserves that banks used to make loans influence the economy. Policy actions that add reserves to the banking system encourage lending at lower interest rates thus stimulating growth in money, credit, and the economy. Policy actions that absorb reserves work in the opposite direction. The Fed's task is to supply enough reserves to support an adequate amount of money and credit, avoiding the excesses that result in inflation and",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "11568232",
"text": "History of the Federal Reserve System This article is about the history of the United States Federal Reserve System from its creation to the present. The Federal Reserve System is the third central banking system in United States history. The First Bank of the United States (1791–1811) and the Second Bank of the United States (1817–1836) each had a 20-year charter. Both banks issued currency, made commercial loans, accepted deposits, purchased securities, maintained multiple branches and acted as fiscal agents for the U.S. Treasury. The U.S. Federal Government was required to purchase 20% of the bank capital stock shares and",
"title": "History of the Federal Reserve System"
},
{
"id": "69282",
"text": "case of the U.S. Federal Reserve, the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. Both the Federal Reserve and the ECB are composed of one or more central bodies that are responsible for the main decisions about interest rates and the size and type of open market operations, and several branches to execute its policies. In the case of the Federal Reserve, they are the local Federal Reserve Banks; for the ECB they are the national central banks. A typical central bank has several interest rates or monetary policy tools it can set to influence markets. These rates directly affect the rates",
"title": "Central bank"
},
{
"id": "134968",
"text": "cost of 5.0 cents per note. Federal funds are the reserve balances (also called Federal Reserve Deposits) that private banks keep at their local Federal Reserve Bank. These balances are the namesake reserves of the Federal Reserve System. The purpose of keeping funds at a Federal Reserve Bank is to have a mechanism for private banks to lend funds to one another. This market for funds plays an important role in the Federal Reserve System as it is what inspired the name of the system and it is what is used as the basis for monetary policy. Monetary policy is",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134959",
"text": "at a time (the president of the New York Fed and four others who rotate through one-year voting terms). There are also various advisory councils. Thus, the Federal Reserve System has both public and private components. It has a structure unique among central banks, and is also unusual in that the United States Department of the Treasury, an entity outside of the central bank, prints the currency used. The federal government sets the salaries of the board's seven governors. The federal government receives all the system's annual profits, after a statutory dividend of 6% on member banks' capital investment is",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134985",
"text": "York as its vice chair. Formal meetings typically are held eight times each year in Washington, D.C. Nonvoting Reserve Bank presidents also participate in Committee deliberations and discussion. The FOMC generally meets eight times a year in telephone consultations and other meetings are held when needed. The Federal Advisory Council, composed of twelve representatives of the banking industry, advises the board on all matters within its jurisdiction. There are 12 Federal Reserve Banks, each of which is responsible for member banks located in its district. They are located in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Richmond, Atlanta, Chicago, St. Louis, Minneapolis,",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "1412964",
"text": "saving and reduce inflation. The Federal Reserve (often referred to as 'The Fed') implements monetary policy largely by targeting the federal funds rate. This is the rate that banks charge each other for overnight loans of federal funds, which are the reserves held by banks at the Fed. Open market operations are one tool within monetary policy implemented by the Federal Reserve to steer short-term interest rates using the power to buy and sell treasury securities. Loans, bonds, and shares have some of the characteristics of money and are included in the broad money supply. By setting i*, the government",
"title": "Interest rate"
},
{
"id": "135018",
"text": "years later under President Jackson when its charter expired. Both banks were based upon the Bank of England. Ultimately, a third national bank, known as the Federal Reserve, was established in 1913 and still exists to this day. The first U.S. institution with central banking responsibilities was the First Bank of the United States, chartered by Congress and signed into law by President George Washington on February 25, 1791, at the urging of Alexander Hamilton. This was done despite strong opposition from Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, among numerous others. The charter was for twenty years and expired in 1811",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "135021",
"text": "previous national banking system had two main weaknesses: an inelastic currency and a lack of liquidity. In 1908, Congress enacted the Aldrich–Vreeland Act, which provided for an emergency currency and established the National Monetary Commission to study banking and currency reform. The National Monetary Commission returned with recommendations which were repeatedly rejected by Congress. A revision crafted during a secret meeting on Jekyll Island by Senator Aldrich and representatives of the nation's top finance and industrial groups later became the basis of the Federal Reserve Act. The House voted on December 22, 1913, with 298 voting yes to 60 voting",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "1516850",
"text": "William Street and Nassau Street. A public competition was held and the architectural firm of York & Sawyer submitted the winning design reminiscent of the palaces in Florence, Italy. The Bank's vaults, located 86 feet below street level, were built on Manhattan's bedrock. In 1924, the Fed moved into its new home. By 1927, the vault contained ten percent of the world's entire store of monetary gold. The Federal Reserve System is considered to be an independent agency that exists outside of the cabinet of the executive and its powers are derived directly from Congress. Over the past century, the",
"title": "Federal Reserve Bank"
},
{
"id": "134997",
"text": "the shortages that stifle economic growth. There are three main tools of monetary policy that the Federal Reserve uses to influence the amount of reserves in private banks: The Federal Reserve System implements monetary policy largely by targeting the federal funds rate. This is the interest rate that banks charge each other for overnight loans of federal funds, which are the reserves held by banks at the Fed. This rate is actually determined by the market and is not explicitly mandated by the Fed. The Fed therefore tries to align the effective federal funds rate with the targeted rate by",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "11568271",
"text": "Bernanke was appointed by President George W. Bush as the chairman of the Federal Reserve. In March 2006, the Federal Reserve ceased to make public M3, because the costs of collecting this data outweighed the benefits. M3 includes all of M2 (which includes M1) plus large-denomination ($100,000 +) time deposits, balances in institutional money funds, repurchase liabilities issued by depository institutions, and Eurodollars held by U.S. residents at foreign branches of U.S. banks as well as at all banks in the United Kingdom and Canada. Due to a credit crunch caused by the sub-prime mortgage crisis in September 2007, the",
"title": "History of the Federal Reserve System"
},
{
"id": "135029",
"text": "price index, also referred to as simply the PCE price index, is used as one measure of the value of money. It is a United States-wide indicator of the average increase in prices for all domestic personal consumption. Using a variety of data including United States Consumer Price Index and U.S. Producer Price Index prices, it is derived from the largest component of the gross domestic product in the BEA's National Income and Product Accounts, personal consumption expenditures. One of the Fed's main roles is to maintain price stability, which means that the Fed's ability to keep a low inflation",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134969",
"text": "put into effect partly by influencing how much interest the private banks charge each other for the lending of these funds. Federal reserve accounts contain federal reserve credit, which can be converted into federal reserve notes. Private banks maintain their bank reserves in federal reserve accounts. The Federal Reserve regulates private banks. The system was designed out of a compromise between the competing philosophies of privatization and government regulation. In 2006 Donald L. Kohn, vice chairman of the board of governors, summarized the history of this compromise: The balance between private interests and government can also be seen in the",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "5235794",
"text": "authorized to do so if requested. The difference between a United States Note and a Federal Reserve Note is that a United States Note represented a \"bill of credit\" and was inserted by the Treasury directly into circulation free of interest. Federal Reserve Notes are backed by debt purchased by the Federal Reserve, and thus generate seigniorage for the Federal Reserve System, which serves as a lending intermediary between the Treasury and the public. Today, like the currency of most nations, the dollar is fiat money, unbacked by any physical asset. A holder of a federal reserve note has no",
"title": "History of the United States dollar"
},
{
"id": "1423090",
"text": "enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, largely in response to a series of financial panics, particularly a severe panic in 1907. Over time, the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System have expanded and its structure has evolved. Events such as the Great Depression were major factors leading to changes in the system. Its duties today, according to official Federal Reserve documentation, are to conduct the nation's monetary policy, supervise and regulate banking institutions, maintain the stability of the financial system and provide financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions. The Federal Deposit Insurance",
"title": "Banking in the United States"
},
{
"id": "135010",
"text": "Federal Reserve banks will pay interest on reserve balances (required and excess) held by depository institutions. The rate is set at the lowest federal funds rate during the reserve maintenance period of an institution, less 75bp. , the Fed has lowered the spread to a mere 35 bp. The Term Deposit Facility is a program through which the Federal Reserve Banks will offer interest-bearing term deposits to eligible institutions. By removing \"excess deposits\" from participating banks, the overall level of reserves available for lending is reduced, which should result in increased market interest rates, acting as a brake on economic",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "1422638",
"text": "the Great Depression. One of the functions of a central bank is to facilitate the transfer of funds through the economy, and the Federal Reserve System is largely responsible for the efficiency in the banking sector. There have also been specific instances which put the Federal Reserve in the spotlight of public attention. For instance, after the stock market crash in 1987, the actions of the Fed are generally believed to have aided in recovery. Also, the Federal Reserve is credited for easing tensions in the business sector with the reassurances given following the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United",
"title": "Monetary policy of the United States"
},
{
"id": "1516852",
"text": "corporations and some features of public federal agencies. In \"United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation v. Western Union Telegraph Co.\", the U.S. Supreme Court stated, \"Instrumentalities like the national banks or the federal reserve banks, in which there are private interests, are not departments of the government. They are private corporations in which the government has an interest.\" The United States has an interest in the Federal Reserve Banks as tax-exempt federally created instrumentalities whose profits belong to the federal government, but this interest is not proprietary. In \"Lewis v. United States\", the United States Court of Appeals for",
"title": "Federal Reserve Bank"
},
{
"id": "135002",
"text": "Reserve System. The reserve requirements have changed over time and some history of these changes is published by the Federal Reserve. As a response to the financial crisis of 2008, the Federal Reserve now makes interest payments on depository institutions' required and excess reserve balances. The payment of interest on excess reserves gives the central bank greater opportunity to address credit market conditions while maintaining the federal funds rate close to the target rate set by the FOMC. In order to address problems related to the subprime mortgage crisis and United States housing bubble, several new tools have been created.",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "14412487",
"text": "members, that provides vital information concerning the regional economy. The Reserve Banks opened for business on November 16, 1914. Federal Reserve Notes were created as part of the legislation to provide a supply of currency. The notes were to be issued to the Reserve Banks for subsequent transmittal to banking institutions. The various components of the Federal Reserve System have differing legal statuses. The Federal Reserve Banks have an intermediate legal status, with some features of private corporations and some features of public federal agencies. The United States has an interest in the Federal Reserve Banks as tax-exempt federally created",
"title": "Structure of the Federal Reserve System"
},
{
"id": "1422625",
"text": "by the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The Federal Reserve System is primarily funded by interest collected on their portfolio of securities from the US Treasury, and the Fed has broad discretion in drafting its own budget, but, historically, nearly all the interest the Federal Reserve collects is rebated to the government each year. The Federal Reserve has three main mechanisms for manipulating the money supply. It can buy or sell treasury securities. Selling securities has the effect of reducing the monetary base (because it accepts money in return for purchase of securities), taking that money",
"title": "Monetary policy of the United States"
},
{
"id": "14412476",
"text": "not operate for the purpose of making a profit. The stocks of the regional federal reserve banks are owned by the banks operating within that region and which are part of the system. The System derives its authority and public purpose from the Federal Reserve Act passed by Congress in 1913. As an independent institution, the Federal Reserve System has the authority to act on its own without prior approval from Congress or the President. The members of its Board of Governors are appointed for long, staggered terms, limiting the influence of day-to-day political considerations. The Federal Reserve System's unique",
"title": "Structure of the Federal Reserve System"
},
{
"id": "134963",
"text": "Federal Reserve System was designed as an attempt to prevent or minimize the occurrence of bank runs, and possibly act as a lender of last resort when a bank run does occur. Many economists, following Nobel laureate Milton Friedman, believe that the Federal Reserve inappropriately refused to lend money to small banks during the bank runs of 1929; Friedman argued that this contributed to the Great Depression. Because some banks refused to clear checks from certain other banks during times of economic uncertainty, a check-clearing system was created in the Federal Reserve System. It is briefly described in \"The Federal",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "661113",
"text": "200 subsequent laws of Congress. It continues to be one of the principal banking laws of the United States. The passing of the Federal Reserve act of 1913 carried implications both domestically and internationally for the United States economic system. The absence of a central banking structure in the U.S. previous to this act left a financial essence that was characterized by immobile reserves and inelastic currency. Creating the Federal Reserve gave the Federal Reserve control to regulate inflation, even though the government control over such powers would eventually lead to decisions that were controversial. Some of the most prominent",
"title": "Federal Reserve Act"
},
{
"id": "134989",
"text": "\"The Reserve Banks are not federal instrumentalities for purposes of the FTCA [the Federal Tort Claims Act], but are independent, privately owned and locally controlled corporations.\" The opinion went on to say, however, that: \"The Reserve Banks have properly been held to be federal instrumentalities for some purposes.\" Another relevant decision is \"Scott v. Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City\", in which the distinction is made between Federal Reserve Banks, which are federally created instrumentalities, and the board of governors, which is a federal agency. Regarding the structural relationship between the twelve Federal Reserve banks and the various commercial (member)",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "14412485",
"text": "internal organization and by tradition elects the Chairman of the Board of Governors as its chairman and the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as its vice chairman. Formal meetings typically are held eight times each year in Washington, D.C. Telephone consultations and other meetings are held when needed. There are 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks, not to be confused with the \"member banks\", with 25 branches, which serve as the operating arms of the system. Each Federal Reserve Bank is subject to oversight by the Board of Governors. Each Federal Reserve Bank has a board of",
"title": "Structure of the Federal Reserve System"
},
{
"id": "14412499",
"text": "other banks. In California, member banks, as of September 2006, included Bank of America California, National Association, The Bank of New York Trust Company, National Association, Barclays Global Investors, National Association, and many other banks. The majority of U.S. banks are not members of the Federal Reserve System. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)-insured banks. national banks (N) and state members (SM) are members of the Federal Reserve System while the rest of the FDIC-insured banks are not members. Each charter type is defined as follows: While the OI, SA, and SB categories are not members of the system, they are",
"title": "Structure of the Federal Reserve System"
},
{
"id": "134975",
"text": "electronically transferring funds through the automated clearinghouse system. By contrast, wholesale payments are generally for large-dollar amounts and often involve a depository institution's large corporate customers or counterparties, including other financial institutions. The Reserve Banks' wholesale services include electronically transferring funds through the Fedwire Funds Service and transferring securities issued by the U.S. government, its agencies, and certain other entities through the Fedwire Securities Service. The Federal Reserve System has a \"unique structure that is both public and private\" and is described as \"independent within the government\" rather than \"independent of government\". The System does not require public funding, and",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "12287558",
"text": "2013. The amount of cash in circulation is increased (or decreased) by the actions of the Federal Reserve System. Eight times a year, the 12-person Federal Open Market Committee meets to determine U.S. monetary policy. Every business day, the Federal Reserve System engages in Open market operations to carry out that monetary policy. If the Federal Reserve desires to increase the money supply, it will buy securities (such as U.S. Treasury Bonds) anonymously from banks in exchange for dollars. Conversely, it will sell securities to the banks in exchange for dollars, to take dollars out of circulation. When the Federal",
"title": "United States dollar"
},
{
"id": "134987",
"text": "contingent upon approval by the board of governors. Presidents serve five-year terms and may be reappointed. Each regional Bank's board consists of nine members. Members are broken down into three classes: A, B, and C. There are three board members in each class. Class A members are chosen by the regional Bank's shareholders, and are intended to represent member banks' interests. Member banks are divided into three categories: large, medium, and small. Each category elects one of the three class A board members. Class B board members are also nominated by the region's member banks, but class B board members",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "15625276",
"text": "and led to calls for a Federal agency to do the same thing. In response, the Federal Reserve System was created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, establishing a new central bank intended serve as a formal \"lender of last resort\" to banks in times of liquidity crises, panics when depositors try to withdraw their money faster than a bank could pay it out. The legislation provided for a system that included a number of regional Federal Reserve Banks and a seven-member governing board. All national banks were required to join the system and other banks could join. Congress",
"title": "History of monetary policy in the United States"
},
{
"id": "135000",
"text": "term of the repo (the time between settlement and maturity) can vary from 1 day (called an overnight repo) to 65 days. The Federal Reserve System also directly sets the \"discount rate\", which is the interest rate for \"discount window lending\", overnight loans that member banks borrow directly from the Fed. This rate is generally set at a rate close to 100 basis points above the target federal funds rate. The idea is to encourage banks to seek alternative funding before using the \"discount rate\" option. The equivalent operation by the European Central Bank is referred to as the \"marginal",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "1516845",
"text": "Reserve Act of December 23, 1913, establishing a new central bank intended to serve as a formal \"lender of last resort\" to banks in times of liquidity crisis—panics where depositors tried to withdraw their money faster than a normal fractional-reserve-based bank could pay it out. The Federal Reserve Act presented by Congressman Carter Glass and Senator Robert L. Owen incorporated modifications by Woodrow Wilson and allowed for a regional Federal Reserve System, operating under a supervisory board in Washington, D.C. Congress approved the Act, and President Wilson signed it into law on December 23, 1913. The Act, \"Provided for the",
"title": "Federal Reserve Bank"
},
{
"id": "1527732",
"text": "size it is today. The authority of the Federal Reserve Banks to issue notes comes from the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. Legally, they are liabilities of the Federal Reserve Banks and obligations of the United States government. Although not issued by the Treasury Department, Federal Reserve Notes carry the (engraved) signature of the Treasurer of the United States and the United States Secretary of the Treasury. At the time of the Federal Reserve's creation, the law provided for notes to be redeemed to the Treasury in gold or \"lawful money.\" The latter category was not explicitly defined, but included",
"title": "Federal Reserve Note"
},
{
"id": "14412480",
"text": "redeemable only at par, the nominal \"owners\" do not benefit from this surplus capital. In 2010, the Federal Reserve System contributed $79 billion to the U.S. Treasury. The seven-member Board of Governors is the main governing body of the Federal Reserve System. It is charged with overseeing the 12 District Reserve Banks and with helping implement national monetary policy. Governors are appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate for staggered, 14-year terms. By law, the appointments must yield a \"fair representation of the financial, agricultural, industrial, and commercial interests and geographical divisions of the",
"title": "Structure of the Federal Reserve System"
},
{
"id": "661093",
"text": "banking system and create a stable financial system. With the goal of creating a national monetary system and financial stability, the Federal Reserve Act also provided many other functions and financial services for the economy, such as check clearing and collection for all members of the Federal Reserve. With the passing of the Federal Reserve Act, Congress required that all nationally chartered banks become members of the Federal Reserve System. These banks were required to purchase specified non-transferable stock in their regional Federal Reserve banks, and to set aside a stipulated amount of non-interest bearing reserves with their respective reserve",
"title": "Federal Reserve Act"
},
{
"id": "135015",
"text": "the TARP bailout. The Fed incurred no losses from the CPFF. A little-used tool of the Federal Reserve is the \"quantitative policy\". With that the Federal Reserve actually buys back corporate bonds and mortgage backed securities held by banks or other financial institutions. This in effect puts money back into the financial institutions and allows them to make loans and conduct normal business. The bursting of the United States housing bubble prompted the Fed to buy mortgage-backed securities for the first time in November 2008. Over six weeks, a total of $1.25 trillion were purchased in order to stabilize the",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "4293484",
"text": "Criticism of the Federal Reserve The Federal Reserve System (also known as \"the Fed\") has faced various criticisms since it was authorized in 1913. Nobel laureate economist Milton Friedman and his fellow monetarist Anna Schwartz criticized the Fed's response to the Wall Street Crash of 1929 arguing that it greatly exacerbated the Great Depression. More recent prominent critics include former Congressman Ron Paul and economist Murray Rothbard, both of whom argue that the Fed exacerbates inflation by creating money \"out of thin air.\" An early version of the Federal Reserve Act was drafted in 1910 on Jekyll Island, Georgia, by",
"title": "Criticism of the Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "11568238",
"text": "of banks which lent more than their assets could cover, during the last quarter of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the United States economy went through a series of financial panics. Prior to a particularly severe panic in 1907, there was a motivation for renewed demands for banking and currency reform. The following year, Congress enacted the Aldrich-Vreeland Act which provided for an emergency currency and established the National Monetary Commission to study banking and currency reform. The chief of the bipartisan National Monetary Commission was financial expert and Senate Republican leader Nelson Aldrich. Aldrich",
"title": "History of the Federal Reserve System"
},
{
"id": "4291530",
"text": "the central banking system of the United States today. The Federal Reserve's power developed slowly in part due to an understanding at its creation that it was to function primarily as a reserve, a money-creator of last resort to prevent the downward spiral of withdrawal/withholding of funds which characterizes a monetary panic. At the outbreak of World War I, the Federal Reserve was better positioned than the Treasury to issue war bonds, and so became the primary retailer for war bonds under the direction of the Treasury. After the war, the Federal Reserve, led by Paul Warburg and New York",
"title": "History of central banking in the United States"
},
{
"id": "661101",
"text": "January 9, 1912, were recommendations and draft legislation with 59 sections, for proposed changes in U.S. banking and currency laws. The proposed legislation was known as the Aldrich Plan, named after the chairman of the Commission, Republican Senator Nelson W. Aldrich of Rhode Island. The Plan called for the establishment of a National Reserve Association with 15 regional district branches and 46 geographically dispersed directors primarily from the banking profession. The Reserve Association would make emergency loans to member banks, print money, and act as the fiscal agent for the U.S. government. State and nationally chartered banks would have the",
"title": "Federal Reserve Act"
},
{
"id": "15618439",
"text": "and other banks could join. Congress created Federal Reserve notes to provide the nation with an elastic supply of currency. The notes were to be issued to Federal Reserve Banks for subsequent transmittal to banking institutions in accordance with the needs of the public. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 established the present day Federal Reserve System and brought all banks in the United States under the authority of the Federal Reserve (a quasi-governmental entity), creating the twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks which are supervised by the Federal Reserve Board. Credit unions originated in Europe in the mid-19th century. The",
"title": "History of banking in the United States"
},
{
"id": "1527728",
"text": "Federal Reserve Note Federal Reserve Notes, also United States banknotes or U.S. banknotes, are the banknotes currently used in the United States of America. Denominated in United States dollars, Federal Reserve Notes are printed by the United States Bureau of Engraving and Printing on paper made by Crane & Co. of Dalton, Massachusetts. Federal Reserve Notes are the only type of U.S. banknote currently produced. Federal Reserve Notes are authorized by Section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 and are issued to the Federal Reserve Banks at the discretion of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve",
"title": "Federal Reserve Note"
},
{
"id": "1516846",
"text": "establishment of Federal Reserve Banks, to furnish an elastic currency, to afford means of rediscounting commercial paper, to establish a more effective supervision of banking in the United States, and for other purposes. The Act provided for a Reserve Bank Organization Committee that would designate no less than eight but no more than twelve cities to be Federal Reserve cities, and would then divide the nation into districts, each district to contain one Federal Reserve City. The legislation provided for a system that included a number of regional Federal Reserve Banks and a seven-member governing board. All national banks were",
"title": "Federal Reserve Bank"
},
{
"id": "2384166",
"text": "Chair of the Federal Reserve The Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is the head of the Federal Reserve, which is the central banking system of the United States. The position is known colloquially as \"Chair of the Fed\" or \"Fed Chair\". The chair is the \"active executive officer\" of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The chair is chosen by the President of the United States from among the members of the Board of Governors; and serves for four-year-terms after appointment. A chair may be appointed for several consecutive terms. William",
"title": "Chair of the Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "1527730",
"text": "Federal Reserve through its Federal Open Market Committee in a process called debt monetizing. This monetized debt can increase the money supply, either with the issuance of new Federal Reserve Notes or with the creation of debt money (deposits). This increase in the monetary base leads to a larger increase in the money supply through fractional-reserve banking as deposits are lent and re-deposited where they form the basis of further loans. Prior to centralized banking, each commercial bank issued its own notes. The first institution with responsibilities of a central bank in the U.S. was the First Bank of the",
"title": "Federal Reserve Note"
},
{
"id": "15625277",
"text": "created Federal Reserve notes to provide the nation with an elastic supply of currency. The notes were to be issued to Federal Reserve Banks for subsequent transmittal to banking institutions in accordance with the needs of the public. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 established the present day Federal Reserve System and brought all banks in the United States under the authority of the Federal Reserve (a quasi-governmental entity), creating the twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks which are supervised by the Federal Reserve Board. To deal with deflation caused by the Great Depression of the 1930s, the nation went off",
"title": "History of monetary policy in the United States"
},
{
"id": "135031",
"text": "that a liquidity trap prevents monetary policy from stabilizing the economy. The task of keeping the rate of inflation low and stable is usually given to monetary authorities. One of the stated goals of monetary policy is maximum employment. The unemployment rate statistics are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and like the PCE price index are used as a barometer of the nation's economic health. The Federal Reserve is self-funded. The vast majority (90%+) of Fed revenues come from open market operations, specifically the interest on the portfolio of Treasury securities as well as \"capital gains/losses\" that may",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "12484727",
"text": "Federal Reserve responses to the subprime crisis The U.S. central banking system, the Federal Reserve, in partnership with central banks around the world, took several steps to address the subprime mortgage crisis. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke stated in early 2008: \"Broadly, the Federal Reserve’s response has followed two tracks: efforts to support market liquidity and functioning and the pursuit of our macroeconomic objectives through monetary policy.\" A 2011 study by the Government Accountability Office found that \"on numerous occasions in 2008 and 2009, the Federal Reserve Board invoked emergency authority under the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 to authorize",
"title": "Federal Reserve responses to the subprime crisis"
},
{
"id": "661097",
"text": "The First Bank of the United States was established in 1791 chartered for a period of twenty years. The US government was the largest shareholder of the bank. Despite its shareholder status, the government was not permitted to participate in management of the bank. The bank accepted deposits, issued bank notes, and provided short-term loans to the government. It also functioned as a clearinghouse for government debt. The bank could also regulate state-chartered banks to prevent overproduction of banknotes. The bank was very successful in financing the government and stimulating the economy. In spite of its successes, hostility against the",
"title": "Federal Reserve Act"
},
{
"id": "661100",
"text": "the Second Bank of the United States was allowed to expire. After various financial panics, particularly a severe one in 1907, some Americans became persuaded that the country needed some sort of banking and currency reform that would, when threatened by financial panics, provide a ready reserve of liquid assets, and furthermore allow for currency and credit to expand and contract seasonally within the U.S. economy. Some of this was chronicled in the reports of the National Monetary Commission (1909–1912), which was created by the Aldrich–Vreeland Act in 1908. Included in a report of the Commission, submitted to Congress on",
"title": "Federal Reserve Act"
},
{
"id": "1422639",
"text": "States. The Federal Reserve has been the target of various criticisms, involving: accountability, effectiveness, opacity, inadequate banking regulation, and potential market distortion. Federal Reserve policy has also been criticized for directly and indirectly benefiting large banks instead of consumers. For example, regarding the Federal Reserve's response to the 2007–2010 financial crisis, Nobel laureate Joseph Stiglitz explained how the U.S. Federal Reserve was implementing another monetary policy—creating currency—as a method to combat the liquidity trap. By creating $600 billion and inserting this directly into banks the Federal Reserve intended to spur banks to finance more domestic loans and refinance mortgages. However,",
"title": "Monetary policy of the United States"
},
{
"id": "135028",
"text": "Funds\". At the end of the third quarter of fiscal year 2012, this value was $64.8 trillion. At the end of the first quarter of fiscal year 2014, this value was $95.5 trillion. The most common measures are named M0 (narrowest), M1, M2, and M3. In the United States they are defined by the Federal Reserve as follows: The Federal Reserve stopped publishing M3 statistics in March 2006, saying that the data cost a lot to collect but did not provide significantly useful information. The other three money supply measures continue to be provided in detail. The Personal consumption expenditures",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "16592189",
"text": "are not allowed to hold Federal Reserve Deposits. Both Federal Reserve Deposits and Federal Reserve Notes are recorded as liabilities to the Fed. What the Fed has exchanged these deposits and notes for (gold and mostly t-bills) are recorded as assets to the Fed. To the private banks, the Federal Reserve Deposits are assets. Private banks do have the option to convert Federal Reserve Deposits into Federal Reserve Notes and vice versa, as needed to meet the demands of bank customers. The following are typical accounting entries that help explain how Fed Funds function. A = Assets, E = Equity,",
"title": "Federal Reserve Deposits"
},
{
"id": "135001",
"text": "lending facility\". Both the discount rate and the federal funds rate influence the prime rate, which is usually about 3 percentage points higher than the federal funds rate. Another instrument of monetary policy adjustment employed by the Federal Reserve System is the fractional reserve requirement, also known as the required reserve ratio. The required reserve ratio sets the balance that the Federal Reserve System requires a depository institution to hold in the Federal Reserve Banks, which depository institutions trade in the federal funds market discussed above. The required reserve ratio is set by the board of governors of the Federal",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "16592188",
"text": "still redeemable in gold. But these too were only fractionally backed. This inevitably led to another gold run in 1971, led by heavy withdrawals by Switzerland (51 million) and France (191 million). Nixon chose instead of heavily devaluing the dollar against gold, to simply remove the US from the international gold standard. As of July 2017, the Federal Reserve's balance sheet shows $2.5 trillion in Federal Reserve Deposits as opposed to $1.5 trillion in Federal Reserve Notes. The largest holders of Federal Reserve Deposits are foreign governments, the Treasury, and mostly private banks in the US. Private citizens and companies",
"title": "Federal Reserve Deposits"
},
{
"id": "1422644",
"text": "with a fully accountable Central Bank,\" although the Federal Reserve has also consistently lobbied to maintain its independence and freedom of operation. By law, the goals of the Fed's monetary policy are: high employment, sustainable growth, and stable prices. Critics say that monetary policy in the United States has not achieved consistent success in meeting the goals that have been delegated to the Federal Reserve System by Congress. Congress began to review more options with regard to macroeconomic influence beginning in 1946 (after World War II), with the Federal Reserve receiving specific mandates in 1977 (after the country suffered a",
"title": "Monetary policy of the United States"
},
{
"id": "14412474",
"text": "Structure of the Federal Reserve System The Federal Reserve System is composed of five parts: According to the board of governors of the Federal Reserve, \"It is not 'owned' by anyone and is 'not a private, profit-making institution'. Instead, it is an independent entity within the government, having both public purposes and private aspects.\" The U.S. Government does not own shares in the Federal Reserve System or its component banks, but does receive all of the system's annual profits after a statutory dividend of 6% on their capital investment is paid to member banks and a capital account surplus is",
"title": "Structure of the Federal Reserve System"
},
{
"id": "661117",
"text": "enough, whether the Federal Reserve is a public Cartel of private banks (also called a private banking cartel) established to protect powerful financial interests, fears of inflation, high government deficits, and whether the Federal Reserve's actions increased the severity of the Great Depression in the 1930s (and/or the severity or frequency of other boom-bust economic cycles, such as the late 2000s recession). Regarding the first question, at issue was not the federal government’s right to coin or originate US money (because the US government had already done so in the past by issuing Greenbacks) and it is a sovereign power",
"title": "Federal Reserve Act"
},
{
"id": "135012",
"text": "stated in Bloomberg News: Chairman Ben S. Bernanke, testifying before House Committee on Financial Services, described the Term Deposit Facility and other facilities to Congress in the following terms: The Asset Backed Commercial Paper Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility (ABCPMMMFLF) was also called the AMLF. The Facility began operations on September 22, 2008, and was closed on February 1, 2010. All U.S. depository institutions, bank holding companies (parent companies or U.S. broker-dealer affiliates), or U.S. branches and agencies of foreign banks were eligible to borrow under this facility pursuant to the discretion of the FRBB. Collateral eligible for pledge",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134992",
"text": "banks are members of their regional Federal Reserve Bank. An external auditor selected by the audit committee of the Federal Reserve System regularly audits the Board of Governors and the Federal Reserve Banks. The GAO will audit some activities of the Board of Governors. These audits do not cover \"most of the Fed's monetary policy actions or decisions, including discount window lending (direct loans to financial institutions), open-market operations and any other transactions made under the direction of the Federal Open Market Committee\" ...[nor may the GAO audit] \"dealings with foreign governments and other central banks.\" The annual and quarterly",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "135026",
"text": "proposed by Senator Robert Owen in May 1913. The primary difference between the two bills was the transfer of control of the Board of Directors (called the Federal Open Market Committee in the Federal Reserve Act) to the government. The bill passed Congress on December 23, 1913, on a mostly partisan basis, with most Democrats voting \"yea\" and most Republicans voting \"nay\". Key laws affecting the Federal Reserve have been: The Federal Reserve records and publishes large amounts of data. A few websites where data is published are at the board of governors' Economic Data and Research page, the board",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134962",
"text": "Reserve System include: Banking institutions in the United States are required to hold reservesamounts of currency and deposits in other banksequal to only a fraction of the amount of the bank's deposit liabilities owed to customers. This practice is called fractional-reserve banking. As a result, banks usually invest the majority of the funds received from depositors. On rare occasions, too many of the bank's customers will withdraw their savings and the bank will need help from another institution to continue operating; this is called a bank run. Bank runs can lead to a multitude of social and economic problems. The",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134970",
"text": "structure of the system. Private banks elect members of the board of directors at their regional Federal Reserve Bank while the members of the board of governors are selected by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate. The Federal Banking Agency Audit Act, enacted in 1978 as Public Law 95-320 and 31 U.S.C. section 714 establish that the board of governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Reserve banks may be audited by the Government Accountability Office (GAO). The GAO has authority to audit check-processing, currency storage and shipments, and some regulatory and bank",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134998",
"text": "adding or subtracting from the money supply through open market operations. The Federal Reserve System usually adjusts the federal funds rate target by 0.25% or 0.50% at a time. Open market operations allow the Federal Reserve to increase or decrease the amount of money in the banking system as necessary to balance the Federal Reserve's dual mandates. Open market operations are done through the sale and purchase of United States Treasury security, sometimes called \"Treasury bills\" or more informally \"T-bills\" or \"Treasuries\". The Federal Reserve buys Treasury bills from its primary dealers. The purchase of these securities affects the federal",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "134986",
"text": "Kansas City, Dallas, and San Francisco. The size of each district was set based upon the population distribution of the United States when the Federal Reserve Act was passed. The charter and organization of each Federal Reserve Bank is established by law and cannot be altered by the member banks. Member banks, do however, elect six of the nine members of the Federal Reserve Banks' boards of directors. Each regional Bank has a president, who is the chief executive officer of their Bank. Each regional Reserve Bank's president is nominated by their Bank's board of directors, but the nomination is",
"title": "Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "12287554",
"text": "money on the credit of the United States\". Congress has exercised that power by authorizing Federal Reserve Banks to issue Federal Reserve Notes. Those notes are \"obligations of the United States\" and \"shall be redeemed in lawful money on demand at the Treasury Department of the United States, in the city of Washington, District of Columbia, or at any Federal Reserve bank\". Federal Reserve Notes are designated by law as \"legal tender\" for the payment of debts. Congress has also authorized the issuance of more than 10 other types of banknotes, including the United States Note and the Federal Reserve",
"title": "United States dollar"
},
{
"id": "2384170",
"text": "System. A chair serves for a four-year term after appointment, but may be reappointed for several consecutive four-year terms. As of 2018, there have been a total of sixteen Fed Chairs. Chair of the Federal Reserve The Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System is the head of the Federal Reserve, which is the central banking system of the United States. The position is known colloquially as \"Chair of the Fed\" or \"Fed Chair\". The chair is the \"active executive officer\" of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The chair is chosen by",
"title": "Chair of the Federal Reserve"
},
{
"id": "5051619",
"text": "direct the open market operations that sets U.S. monetary policy through their membership in the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). Records of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors are found in the Record Group n. 82 at the National Archives of the United States. The current members of the Board of Governors are as follows: President Donald Trump has nominated Marvin Goodfriend, and Nellie Liang to fill the remaining two vacancies. Mr. Goodfriend and Ms. Liang have had hearings and are awaiting a Senate vote. Source: Source: Federal Reserve Board of Governors The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve",
"title": "Federal Reserve Board of Governors"
}
] | the federal reserve is an example of a(n) |
|
| [
{
"id": "15745704",
"text": "Rhode Island Royal Charter The Rhode Island Royal Charter was a document providing royal recognition to the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, approved by England's King Charles II in July 1663. It outlined many freedoms for the inhabitants of that colony and was the guiding document of the government of Rhode Island over a period of 180 years. It was the oldest constitutional charter in the world at the time of its retirement in 1843. The charter contains unique provisions which make it significantly different from the charters granted to the other English colonies. It gave the colonists",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "342070",
"text": "about 14 percent of its total area. Despite its name, most of Rhode Island is located on the mainland of the United States. Its official name is \"State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations\", which is derived from the merger of four Colonial settlements. The settlements of Newport and Portsmouth were situated on what is commonly called Aquidneck Island today, but it was called \"Rhode Island\" in Colonial times. \"Providence Plantation\" was the name of the colony founded by Roger Williams in the area now known as the city of Providence. This was adjoined by the settlement of Warwick; hence",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "7154381",
"text": "at Shawomet in 1642, precipitating a dispute with the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1644, Providence, Portsmouth, and Newport united for their common independence as the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, governed by an elected council and president. The King of England granted Gorton a separate charter for his settlement in 1648, and Gorton named the settlement Warwick in honor of the Earl of Warwick who had helped him obtain it. These four settlements were finally united into one colony by the Royal Charter of 1663. Critics at the time sometimes referred to it as \"Rogue's Island\", and Cotton",
"title": "History of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "342078",
"text": "there is no record of any law legalizing slave-holding. The colony later prospered under the slave trade, distilling rum to sell in Africa as part of a profitable triangular trade in slaves and sugar with the Caribbean. Rhode Island's tradition of independence and dissent gave it a prominent role in the American Revolution. At approximately 2 a.m. on June 10, 1772, a band of Providence residents attacked the grounded revenue schooner \"Gaspee\", burning it to the waterline for enforcing unpopular trade regulations within Narragansett Bay. Rhode Island was the first of the thirteen colonies to renounce its allegiance to the",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "342075",
"text": "(then known as Rhode Island), which was purchased from the local tribes who called it Pocasset. This settlement was called Portsmouth and was governed by the Portsmouth Compact. The southern part of the island became the separate settlement of Newport after disagreements among the founders. Samuel Gorton purchased lands at Shawomet in 1642 from the Narragansetts, precipitating a dispute with the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1644, Providence, Portsmouth, and Newport united for their common independence as the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, governed by an elected council and \"president\". Gorton received a separate charter for his settlement in",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "2709437",
"text": "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was one of the original Thirteen Colonies established on the east coast of North America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. It was an English colony from 1636 until the American Revolution in 1776, when it became the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (commonly known simply as Rhode Island). The land that became the English colony was first home to the Narragansett Indians, which led to the name of the modern town of Narragansett, Rhode Island. European settlement began around 1622 with a trading post",
"title": "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations"
},
{
"id": "4219113",
"text": "would monopolize political power. Reacting to a generation of revolutionary turbulence in England, they designed Carolina as a model of social and political stability in which a hereditary aristocracy would check boisterous small landholders. The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and Connecticut Colony were given their formal charters and Rhode Island even honored the King with King's Province (what has since been renamed Washington County, Rhode Island). Restoration colony A restoration colony was one of a number of land grants in North America given by King Charles II of England in the later half of the 17th century,",
"title": "Restoration colony"
},
{
"id": "2709442",
"text": "granted the request with the Royal Charter of 1663, uniting the four settlements together into the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. In the following years, many persecuted groups settled in the colony, notably Quakers and Jews. The Rhode Island colony was very progressive for the time, passing laws abolishing witchcraft trials, imprisonment for debt, most capital punishment and, on May 18, 1652, chattel slavery of both blacks and whites. Rhode Island remained at peace with local Indians, but the relationship was more strained between other New England colonies and certain tribes and sometimes led to bloodshed, despite attempts",
"title": "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations"
},
{
"id": "6129425",
"text": "England. Rhode Island's permanent settlement by European colonists began in 1636 when a group of refugees from the Massachusetts Bay Colony left the colony to seek freedom of worship. Roger Williams, the unofficial head of the group of refugees, acquired land from Native Americans and established the town of Providence. Other early towns settled in the Rhode Island area were Portsmouth (1638), Newport (1639), and Warwick (1642). The lands on which these original four towns were settled were held only through Indian deeds, so naturally, they caught the attention of nearby colonies. In order to protect the small haven that",
"title": "Charter colony"
},
{
"id": "2709445",
"text": "However, many colonial governments, Massachusetts principally among them, refused to enforce the acts, and took matters one step further by obstructing the activities of the Crown agents. Charles' successor James II introduced the Dominion of New England in 1686 as a means to accomplish these goals. Under its provisional president Joseph Dudley, the disputed \"King's Country\" (present-day Washington County) was brought into the dominion, and the rest of the colony was brought under dominion control by Governor Sir Edmund Andros. The rule of Andros was extremely unpopular, especially in Massachusetts. The 1688 Glorious Revolution deposed James II and brought William",
"title": "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations"
},
{
"id": "342077",
"text": "Josiah Winslow invaded and destroyed the fortified Narragansett Indian village in the Great Swamp in South Kingstown, Rhode Island on December 19, 1675. In one of the final actions of the war, an Indian associated with Benjamin Church killed King Philip in Bristol, Rhode Island. The colony was amalgamated into the Dominion of New England in 1686, as King James II attempted to enforce royal authority over the autonomous colonies in British North America, but the colony regained its independence under the Royal Charter after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Slaves were introduced in Rhode Island at this time, although",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "12405875",
"text": "who was granted land by Roger Williams, as part of the 38 families who traveled with Williams from Massachusetts to establish the colony of Rhode Island based upon principles of complete religious toleration, separation of church and state, and political democracy; values represented in the USA constitution. \"Roger Williams insisted that land must be purchased from the Indians, rather than taken from them forcefully, in order to claim title to it. Williams then purchased land from the Narragansett Indians and established the settlement of Providence, Rhode Island.\" After John Sweet’s death in 1637, his children John, James and Meribah (renamed",
"title": "William Russell Sweet"
},
{
"id": "7154382",
"text": "Mather called it \"the sewer of New England\" because of the Colony's willingness to accept people who had been banished from Massachusetts Bay. In 1686, King James II ordered Rhode Island to submit to the Dominion of New England and its appointed governor Edmund Andros. This suspended the Colony's charter, but Rhode Island managed to retain possession of it throughout the brief duration of the Dominion—until Andros was deposed and the Dominion was dissolved. William of Orange became King after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, and Rhode Island's independent government resumed under the 1663 charter—and that charter was used as",
"title": "History of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "2709447",
"text": "slaves and sugar between Africa, America, and the Caribbean. Leading figures in the colony were involved in the 1776 launch of the American Revolutionary War which delivered American independence from the British Empire, such as former royal governors Stephen Hopkins and Samuel Ward, as well as John Brown, Nicholas Brown, William Ellery, the Reverend James Manning, and the Reverend Ezra Stiles, each of whom had played an influential role in founding Brown University in Providence in 1764 as a sanctuary for religious and intellectual freedom. On May 4, 1776, Rhode Island became the first of the 13 colonies to renounce",
"title": "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations"
},
{
"id": "2508342",
"text": "from Great Britain. On May 4, 1776, five months before the Continental Congress formally adopted the United States Declaration of Independence, Rhode Island became the first colony of what would soon be the future United States to legally leave the British Empire. William Ellery and the first chancellor of Brown University Stephen Hopkins were signatories to the Declaration of Independence for Rhode Island. A decisive march ending with the defeat of British forces commanded by Charles Cornwallis began in Newport, Rhode Island under the command of French forces sent by King Louis XVI and led by the Comte de Rochambeau.",
"title": "Rhode Island General Assembly"
},
{
"id": "15745709",
"text": "the people. Under it, the colony was an absolute sovereignty with the power to make its own laws, religious freedom was guaranteed, and oaths of allegiance were not required. The provisions were so liberal, that Rhode Island, in essence, became an independent state under its terms. Three points in the charter distinguish it from any other royal patent that had ever been granted. The first of these is the acknowledgment of Indian rights to the soil. This provision was far different than the European doctrine of \"possession by right of discovery\" which was first exercised by the Pope and soon",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "2709446",
"text": "III and Mary II to the English throne; Massachusetts authorities conspired in April 1689 to have Andros arrested and sent back to England. With this event, the dominion collapsed and Rhode Island resumed its previous government. The bedrock of the economy continued to be agriculture – especially dairy farming – and fishing; lumber and shipbuilding also became major industries. Slaves were introduced at this time, although there is no record of any law re-legalizing slave holding. Ironically, the colony later prospered under the slave trade, by distilling rum to sell in Africa as part of a profitable triangular trade in",
"title": "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations"
},
{
"id": "15745705",
"text": "freedom to elect their own governor and write their own laws, within very broad guidelines, and also stipulated that no person residing in the colony could be \"molested, punished, disquieted, or called in question for any differences in opinion in matters of religion.\" The charter was not replaced until 1843, after serving for nearly two centuries as the guiding force of the Colony and then the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Historian Thomas Bicknell, a 19th century commissioner of schools in Rhode Island, described it as \"the grandest instrument of human liberty ever constructed.\" What became the Colony",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "2709449",
"text": "people. On May 29, 1790, Rhode Island became the 13th state and the last of the former colonies to ratify the Constitution. Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was one of the original Thirteen Colonies established on the east coast of North America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. It was an English colony from 1636 until the American Revolution in 1776, when it became the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (commonly known simply as Rhode Island). The land that became the English colony was first home to the Narragansett Indians,",
"title": "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations"
},
{
"id": "15745706",
"text": "of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations began as a few scattered settlements of fugitives fleeing from the persecution of other colonies. The scattered cabins along the river or bay became small villages, and eventually the villages grew into towns, each with its own government and laws. Greatly threatened by their ambitious and vindictive external neighbors, the towns banded together under the Patent of 1643/4, recognizing their corporate existence, and compelling recognition from their neighbors as well. The freedoms granted by the patent were, in the early days, a source of weakness, and in essence legalized a collection of independent corporations",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "2709441",
"text": "1651, William Coddington obtained a separate charter from England setting up the Coddington Commission, which made him life governor of the islands of Rhode Island and Conanicut in a federation with Connecticut Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony. Protest, open rebellion, and a further petition to Oliver Cromwell in London led to the reinstatement of the original charter in 1653. Following the 1660 restoration of royal rule in England, it was necessary to gain a Royal Charter from King Charles II. Charles was a Catholic sympathizer in staunchly Protestant England, and he approved of the colony's promise of religious freedom. He",
"title": "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations"
},
{
"id": "6129426",
"text": "the town had established, Roger Williams acquired a parliamentary patent from England between the years 1643 and 1644. Rhode Island is a charter colony A royal charter was not granted for Connecticut until 1662. The charter was proposed by John Winthrop the Younger or John Winthrop Jr. and granted by Charles II. Up to that date, the people of Connecticut had only negotiated titles for ownership with the Indians, having no titles recognized by England on Connecticut soil. The only restrictions limiting the newly appointed charter's independent powers were, like other royal charters, the boundaries set by English law. While",
"title": "Charter colony"
},
{
"id": "342074",
"text": "the people voted overwhelmingly (78% to 22%) to retain the entire original name. In 1636, Roger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious views, and he settled at the top of Narragansett Bay on land sold or given to him by Narragansett sachem Canonicus. He named the site \"Providence Plantations\", \"having a sense of God's merciful providence unto me in my distress\", and it became a place of religious freedom where all were welcome. In 1638 (after conferring with Williams), Anne Hutchinson, William Coddington, John Clarke, Philip Sherman, and other religious dissenters settled on Aquidneck Island",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "7154379",
"text": "History of Rhode Island The history of Rhode Island is an overview of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and the state of Rhode Island from pre-colonial times to the present. Indians occupied most of the area comprising Rhode Island, including the Wampanoag, Narragansett, and Niantic tribes. Many were killed by diseases, possibly contracted through contact with European explorers (though no definitive source has been proven), and through warfare with other tribes. The Narragansett language died out for many years but was partially preserved in Roger Williams's \"A Key into the Languages of America\" (1643). In 1636, Roger",
"title": "History of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "2709438",
"text": "at Sowams, now the town of Warren, Rhode Island. Roger Williams was a Puritan theologian and linguist who founded Providence Plantations in 1636 on land given to him by Narragansett sachem Canonicus. He was exiled under religious persecution from the Massachusetts Bay Colony; he and his fellow settlers agreed on an egalitarian constitution providing for majority rule \"in civil things,\" with liberty of conscience on spiritual matters. He named the settlement Providence Plantation, believing that God had brought them there. (The term \"plantation\" was used in the 17th century as a synonym for \"settlement\" or \"colony.\") Williams named the islands",
"title": "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations"
},
{
"id": "7154380",
"text": "Williams settled on land granted to him by the Narragansett tribe at the tip of Narragansett Bay after being banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious views. He called the site \"Providence Plantations\" and declared it a place of religious freedom. In 1638, Anne Hutchinson, William Coddington, John Clarke, Philip Sherman, and other religious dissidents settled on Rhode Island after conferring with Williams, forming the settlement of Portsmouth which was governed by the Portsmouth Compact. The southern part of the island became the separate settlement of Newport after disagreements among the founders. Dissident Samuel Gorton purchased Indian lands",
"title": "History of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "15745720",
"text": "Porter, John Smith, Samuel Gorton, John Weekes, Roger Williams, Thomas Olney, Gregory Dexter, John Cogeshall, Joseph Clarke, Randall Holden, John Greene, John Roome, Samuel Wildbore, William Field, James Barker, Richard Tew, Thomas Harris, and William Dyre, and the rest of the purchasers and free inhabitants of our island, called Rhode Island, and the rest of the colony of Providence Plantations, in the Narragansett Bay, in New England, in America, that they, pursuing, with peaceable and loyal minds, their sober, serious, and religious intentions, of godly edifying themselves, and one another, in the holy Christian faith and worship, as they were",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "8906858",
"text": "recovery through investment of public funds. The first Europeans to settle in the area which is now Providence were prominent Baptist Roger Williams and other religious exiles, in June 1636. It was one of the original Thirteen Colonies of the United States. Williams had been exiled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his outspoken beliefs concerning distinction of state government and religion. Williams secured a title from the Narragansett Indians around this time and named the settlement Providence Plantations, cultivating it as a refuge for religious dissenters, as he himself had been exiled from Massachusetts Bay. Providence Plantation was an",
"title": "History of Providence, Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "15745708",
"text": "crown. As the ideas of a government of liberty filled the minds of the Rhode Island colonists, their leaders formed the ideas into letters drafted by the commissioners and forwarded to Clarke. With the end of the English Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell and the accession to the throne of Charles II, the time had come for Rhode Island, and its venerable agent in England, to seek an audience with the King, and present the desires of the Rhode Island settlers. The Royal Charter of 1663 confirmed everything that the Patent of 1643/4 had given, but vested even greater powers in",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "5897534",
"text": "Rhode Island is a surviving example of Dutch influence in Colonial America. In 1614, was christened as \"Roodt Eylandt\" (\"Rood Eiland\" in modern Dutch), meaning \"Red Island\", referring to the red clay found on the island. As of 1990, November 16 is \"Dutch-American Heritage Day\". On November 16, 1776, a small American warship, the Andrew Doria, sailed into the harbor of the Dutch island of Sint Eustatius in the West Indies. Only four months before, the United States had declared its independence from Great Britain. The American crew was delighted when the governor of the island ordered that his fort's",
"title": "Dutch Americans"
},
{
"id": "342133",
"text": "a number of initiatives. The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations enacted the first law prohibiting slavery in North America on May 18, 1652. Slater Mill in Pawtucket was the first commercially successful cotton-spinning mill with a fully mechanized power system in America and was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution in the US. The oldest Fourth of July Parade in the country is still held annually in Bristol, Rhode Island. The first Baptist Church in America was founded in Providence in 1638. Ann Smith Franklin of the Newport \"Mercury\" was the first female newspaper editor in America (August",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "342069",
"text": "city in Rhode Island. On May 4, 1776, the Colony of Rhode Island was the first of the Thirteen Colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown, and it was the fourth among the newly independent states to ratify the Articles of Confederation on February 9, 1778. The state boycotted the 1787 convention which drew up the United States Constitution and initially refused to ratify it; it was the last of the states to do so on May 29, 1790. Rhode Island's official nickname is \"The Ocean State\", a reference to the large bays and inlets that amount to",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "510083",
"text": "Roger Williams Roger Williams (c. 21 December 1603 – between 27 January and 15 March 1683) was a Puritan minister, theologian, and author who founded the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. He was a staunch advocate for religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair dealings with American Indians, and he was one of the first abolitionists. Williams was expelled by the Puritan leaders from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for spreading \"new and dangerous ideas\", and he established the Providence Plantations in 1636 as a refuge offering what he called \"liberty of conscience\". In 1638, he founded",
"title": "Roger Williams"
},
{
"id": "12671863",
"text": "but he escaped and walked through deep snow from Salem, Massachusetts to Raynham, Massachusetts, a distance of 55 miles. The Indian tribes helped him to survive and sold him land for a new colony which he named Providence Plantations in recognition of the intervention of Divine Providence in establishing the new colony. It was unique in its day in expressly providing for religious freedom and a separation of church from state. Other dissenters established two settlements on Rhode Island (now called Aquidneck Island) and another settlement in Warwick; these four settlements eventually united to form the Colony of Rhode Island",
"title": "New England Colonies"
},
{
"id": "2302661",
"text": "Providence Plantations Providence Plantation was the first permanent European American settlement in Rhode Island. It was established by a group of colonists led by Roger Williams who left Massachusetts Bay Colony in order to establish a colony with greater religious freedom. Providence Plantation became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which became The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations after the American Revolution. The colony was established at Providence in 1636 by Roger Williams and a small band of followers who had left the Massachusetts Bay Colony to seek freedom of worship, and Narragansett sachems Canonicus and",
"title": "Providence Plantations"
},
{
"id": "342079",
"text": "British Crown on May 4, 1776. It was also the last of the thirteen colonies to ratify the United States Constitution on May 29, 1790, once assurances were made that a Bill of Rights would become part of the Constitution. During the Revolution, the British occupied Newport in December 1776. A combined Franco-American force fought to drive them off Aquidneck Island. Portsmouth was the site of the first African-American military unit, the 1st Rhode Island Regiment, to fight for the U.S. in the unsuccessful Battle of Rhode Island of August 29, 1778. A month earlier, the appearance of a French",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "342082",
"text": "60% of the state's free white males were ineligible to vote. Several attempts were unsuccessfully made to address this problem, and a new state constitution was passed in 1843 allowing landless men to vote if they could pay a $1 poll tax. For the first several decades of statehood, Rhode Island was governed in accordance with the 1663 colonial charter. Voting rights were restricted to landowners holding at least $134 in property, disenfranchising well over half of the state's male citizens. The charter apportioned legislative seats equally among the state's towns, over-representing rural areas and under-representing the growing industrial centers.",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "8641348",
"text": "on the island around 1636 to trade with the Narragansett Indians, trading Dutch goods, cloths, implements, and liquors for the Indians' furs, fish, and venison. Several years later, the Dutch built Fort Ninigret in Charlestown. In 1654, English colonists purchased the island from the Indians. In 1825, the federal government acquired at the southern end of the island, and Dutch Island Light was established on January 1, 1827 to mark the west passage of Narragansett Bay and to aid vessels entering Dutch Island Harbor. The first tower was built of stones found on the island. The government constructed a new",
"title": "Dutch Island (Rhode Island)"
},
{
"id": "7154391",
"text": "the slaves in the West Indies for more molasses. Stephen Hopkins, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, introduced a bill while serving in the Rhode Island Assembly in 1774 that prohibited the importation of slaves into the colony, and this became one of the first anti-slavery laws in the United States. In February 1784, the Rhode Island Legislature passed a compromise measure for gradual emancipation of slaves within the state. All children of slaves born after March 1 were to be \"apprentices,\" the girls to become free at 18, the boys at 21. By 1840, the census reported only",
"title": "History of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "15745715",
"text": "century of dispute before the colony would enjoy the boundaries as set forth in the charter. On 24 November 1663 Rhode Island's General Court of Commissioners convened at Newport for the last time under the parliamentary patent of 1643/4. The inhabitants and legislators were gathered to receive the result of the decade-long labors of Dr. John Clarke. The magnitude and solemnity of the occasion was captured in the colonial records: At a very great meeting and assembly of the freemen of the colony of Providence Plantation, at Newport, in Rhode Island, in New England, November the 24th, 1663. The abovesayed",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "7154385",
"text": "these spread throughout New England. A force of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Plymouth militia under General Josiah Winslow invaded and destroyed the fortified Narragansett Indian village in the Great Swamp in southern Rhode Island on December 19, 1675. The Narragansetts also invaded and burned down several of the Rhode Island settlements, including Providence, although they allowed the population to leave first. In one of the final actions of the war, troops from Connecticut led by Captain Benjamin Church hunted down and killed King Philip at Mount Hope (Rhode Island). Rhode Island was the first colony in America to declare independence on",
"title": "History of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "342135",
"text": "1775. On June 15, 1775, the first naval engagement of the American Revolution occurred between a Colonial Sloop commanded by Capt. Abraham Whipple and an armed tender of the British Frigate \"Rose\". The tender was chased aground and captured. Later in June, the General Assembly created the first American Navy when it commissioned the Sloops \"Katy\" and , armed with 24 guns and commanded by Abraham Whipple, who was promoted to Commodore. Rhode Island was the first Colony to declare independence from Britain on May 4, 1776. Pelham Street in Newport was the first in America to be illuminated by",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "15745710",
"text": "adopted by the maritime powers as part of the \"royal prerogative.\" The sovereigns of Europe asserted their claims over both Americas with little hesitation, and the rights of the aborigines presented no obstacles to these \"enlightened and Christian legislators.\" Historian Samuel G. Arnold wrote, \"Against this abuse...Rhode Island was the first solemn protest.\" The point that the exclusive right to the land belonged to the aborigines was decided by Roger Williams when he first settled in the colony, and his views were maintained by those who followed him there. These views were set forth by Clarke in his address to",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "15745714",
"text": "Greene, John Coggeshall, James Barker, William Field and Joseph Clarke. In addition, these primary purchasers and free inhabitants of the colony are named in the document: William Coddington, Nicholas Easton, Samuel Gorton, John Weekes, Gregory Dexter, Randall Holden, John Roome, Samuel Wilbur, Jr., Richard Tew, Thomas Harris, and William Dyre. Because of acts committed against the inhabitants of Rhode Island by other colonies, this charter specifically required that the people of this colony would be permitted to pass unmolested through adjacent provinces. Also, the boundary lines of the Rhode Island colony were minutely defined, though it would take nearly a",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "2709440",
"text": "second plantation settlement on the mainland was Samuel Gorton's \"Shawomet Purchase\" from the Narragansetts in 1642. As soon as Gorton settled at Shawomet, however, the Massachusetts Bay authorities laid claim to his territory and acted to enforce their claim. After considerable difficulties with the Massachusetts Bay General Court, Gorton traveled to London to enlist the help of Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick, head of the Commission for Foreign Plantations. Gorton returned in 1648 with a letter from Rich, ordering Massachusetts to cease molesting him and his people. In gratitude, he changed the name of Shawomet Plantation to Warwick. In",
"title": "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations"
},
{
"id": "14417634",
"text": "Island and Connecticut colonies, in dispute for more than half a century, was agreed upon as the same line given in Rhode Island's charter, and as it would stand during statehood. The colony was divided into two counties—Rhode Island encompassing the islands in the Narragansett Bay and Block Island, and Providence Plantations, including all of the land west of the bay. The African slave trade had been opened to all English merchants in 1702 by an act of Parliament. Rhode Island obtained most of its slaves from Barbados, receiving about 25 per year at a cost of about 35 pounds",
"title": "Samuel Cranston"
},
{
"id": "2508344",
"text": "With a Bill of Rights under consideration and with an ultimatum from the new federal government of the United States that it would begin to impose export taxes on Rhode Island goods if it did not join the Union, the General Assembly relented. On May 29, 1790, Rhode Island became the last of the Thirteen Colonies to sign the U.S. Constitution, becoming the thirteenth U.S. state (and the smallest). From 1663 until 1842, Rhode Island's governing state constitution was its original colonial charter granted by King Charles II of England, a political anomaly considering that while most states during the",
"title": "Rhode Island General Assembly"
},
{
"id": "6616339",
"text": "from Massachusetts for his theological views and led a group south to found Providence Plantations in 1636. It merged with other settlements to form the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which became a haven for Baptists, Quakers, Jews, and others, including Anne Hutchinson who had been banished during the Antinomian Controversy. On March 3, 1636, the Connecticut Colony was granted a charter and established its own government, absorbing the nearby New Haven Colony. Vermont was still unsettled, and the territories of New Hampshire and Maine were governed by Massachusetts. King James II of England became concerned about the",
"title": "History of New England"
},
{
"id": "342081",
"text": "6.3%, nearly twice as high as any other New England colony. Rhode Island was also heavily involved in the Industrial Revolution, which began in America in 1787 when Thomas Somers reproduced textile machine plans which he imported from England. He helped to produce the Beverly Cotton Manufactory, in which Moses Brown of Providence took an interest. Moses Brown teamed up with Samuel Slater and helped to create the second cotton mill in America, a water-powered textile mill. The Industrial Revolution moved large numbers of workers into the cities, creating a permanently landless class who were therefore also voteless. By 1829,",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "342076",
"text": "1648 which he named Warwick after his patron. Brown University was founded in 1764 as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. It was one of nine Colonial colleges granted charters before the American Revolution, but was the first college in America to accept students regardless of religious affiliation. Metacomet was the Wampanoag tribe's war leader, whom the colonists called King Philip. They invaded and burned down several of the towns in the area during King Philip's War (1675–1676), including Providence which was attacked twice. A force of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Plymouth militia under General",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "11041041",
"text": "Constitution of Rhode Island The Constitution of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations is a document describing the structure and function of the government of the U.S. State of Rhode Island. Prior to 1842, Rhode Island was still governed by the 1663 Royal Charter. At nearly two centuries old, the document essentially restricted voting rights to a very small population of elite, rural, landowning native-born white males. Two disenfranchised groups in particular, immigrants and free African-American laborers, had been petitioning the General Assembly for the right to vote for decades. These issues came to a head with the",
"title": "Constitution of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "10436885",
"text": "that is still present in the modern United States. They hoped this new land would serve as a \"redeemer nation.\" Roger Williams, who preached religious tolerance, separation of church and state, and a complete break with the Church of England, was banished from Massachusetts and founded Rhode Island Colony, which became a haven for other religious refugees from the Puritan community. Some migrants who came to Colonial America were in search of the freedom to practice forms of Christianity which were prohibited and persecuted in Europe. Since there was no state religion, and since Protestantism had no central authority, religious",
"title": "Christianity in the United States"
},
{
"id": "342073",
"text": "name. Advocates for excising \"plantation\" claimed that the word symbolized an alleged legacy of \"disenfranchisement\" for many Rhode Islanders, as well as the proliferation of slavery in the colonies and in the post-colonial United States. Rhode Island abolished slavery in 1652, but the law was not enforced and, by the early 18th century, it was \"the epicenter of the North American slave trade\", according to the \"Brown Daily Herald\". Advocates for retaining the name argued that \"plantation\" was simply an archaic synonym for \"colony\" and bore no relation to slavery. The referendum election was held on November 2, 2010, and",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "16763072",
"text": "of the accumulated booty from the English raids. Rather than destroy the defenses, as instructed, Pimienta left a small garrison of 150 men to hold the island and prevent occupation by the Dutch. Later that year, Captain John Humphrey, who had been chosen to succeed Captain Butler as governor, arrived with a large group of dissatisfied settlers from New England. He found the Spanish in occupation.Pimienta's decision to occupy the island was approved in 1643 and he was made a knight of the Order of Santiago. The island continued to be strategically important as a fertile island with ample water",
"title": "Providence Island colony"
},
{
"id": "12132558",
"text": "1861, the Academy was moved to Newport from Annapolis, Maryland, due to concerns about the political sympathies of the Marylanders, many of whom were suspected of supporting the Confederate States of America. In September, the Academy moved to the Atlantic House hotel in Newport and remained there for the rest of the war. In 1862, Fort Adams became the headquarters and recruit depot for the 15th U.S. Infantry Regiment. The USS \"Rhode Island\" was a side-wheel steamer commissioned in 1861 for the Union Navy, and it intercepted blockade runners in the West Indies and was a part of the South",
"title": "Rhode Island in the American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "7154383",
"text": "the state constitution until 1842. In 1693, William III and Mary II issued a patent extending Rhode Island's territory to three miles \"east and northeast\" of Narragansett Bay, conflicting with the claims of Plymouth Colony. This resulted in several later transfers of territory between Rhode Island and Massachusetts. The early relationship between New Englanders and Indians was mostly peaceable. The largest tribes that lived near Rhode Island were the Wampanoags, Pequots, Narragansetts, and Nipmucks. Squanto was a member of the Wampanoag tribe who stayed with the Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony and taught them many valuable skills needed to survive in",
"title": "History of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "2709439",
"text": "in the Narragansett Bay after Christian virtues: Patience, Prudence, and Hope Islands. In 1637, another group of Massachusetts dissenters purchased land from the Indians on Aquidneck Island, which was called Rhode Island at the time, and they established a settlement called Pocasset. The group included William Coddington, John Clarke, and Anne and William Hutchinson, among others. That settlement, however, quickly split into two separate settlements. Samuel Gorton and others remained to establish the settlement of Portsmouth (which formerly was Pocasset) in 1638, while Coddington and Clarke established nearby Newport in 1639. Both settlements were situated on Rhode Island (Aquidneck). The",
"title": "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations"
},
{
"id": "6129423",
"text": "Charter colony Charter colony is one of three classes of colonial government established in the 17th century English colonies in North America, the other classes being proprietary colony and royal colony. These colonies were operated under a corporate charter given by the crown. The colonies of Virginia, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts Bay were at one time or another charter colonies. The crown might revoke a charter and convert the colony into a crown colony. In a charter colony, Britain granted a charter to the colonial government establishing the rules under which the colony was to be governed. The charters",
"title": "Charter colony"
},
{
"id": "342150",
"text": "Towers now serve as an event venue and host the local Chamber of Commerce, which operates a tourist information center. The Newport Tower has been hypothesized to be of Viking origin, although most experts believe that it was a Colonial-era windmill. Rhode Island Rhode Island (), officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States. It is the smallest state in area, the seventh least populous, and the second most densely populated. It has the longest official name of any state. Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to",
"title": "Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "7154390",
"text": "1774, the slave population of Rhode Island was 6.3 percent, nearly twice as high as any other New England colony. In the late 18th century, several Rhode Island merchant families began actively engaging in the triangle trade, most notably the Browns for whom Brown University is named. In the years after the Revolution, Rhode Island merchants controlled between 60 and 90 percent of the American trade in African slaves. In the 18th century, Rhode Island's economy depended largely upon the triangle trade; Rhode Islanders distilled rum from molasses, sent the rum to Africa to trade for slaves, and then traded",
"title": "History of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "12132557",
"text": "Rhode Island in the American Civil War The state of Rhode Island during the American Civil War remained loyal to the Union, as did the other states of New England. Rhode Island furnished 25,236 fighting men to the Union Army, of which 1,685 died. The state used its industrial capacity to supply the Union Army with the materials needed to win the war. Rhode Island's continued growth and modernization led to the creation of an urban mass transit system and improved health and sanitation programs. Fort Adams near Newport was used temporarily as the United States Naval Academy. In May",
"title": "Rhode Island in the American Civil War"
},
{
"id": "16763071",
"text": "forts. The Spanish troops quickly gained control, and once the forts saw the Spanish flag flying over the governor's house, they began negotiations for surrender. On 25 May 1641, Pimienta formally took possession and celebrated mass in the church. The Spanish took sixty guns, and captured the 350 settlers who remained on the island – others had escaped to the Mosquito coast. They took the prisoners to Cartagena. The women and children were given a passage back to England. The Spanish found gold, indigo, cochineal and six hundred black slaves on the island, worth a total of 500,000 ducats, some",
"title": "Providence Island colony"
},
{
"id": "2709448",
"text": "its allegiance to the British Crown, and was the fourth to ratify the Articles of Confederation between the newly sovereign states on February 9, 1778. It boycotted the 1787 convention that drew up the United States Constitution, and initially refused to ratify it. It relented after Congress sent a series of constitutional amendments to the states for ratification, the Bill of Rights guaranteeing specific personal freedoms and rights; clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings; and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the",
"title": "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations"
},
{
"id": "6914129",
"text": "consisted of Africans, American Indians, and white colonists. On December 8, 1776 Britain's General Henry Clinton led an expedition from New York City to take control of Rhode Island. The British expeditionary forces under Brigadier General Richard Prescott, with several Hessian regiments of foot, landed and seized control of Newport, Rhode Island. France formally recognized the United States of America in February 1778 following the surrender of the British Army after the Battles of Saratoga in October 1777. War was declared between France and Great Britain in March 1778. France sent Admiral Comte d'Estaing with a fleet of 12 ships",
"title": "Battle of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "15745707",
"text": "rather than creating a sovereign power resting upon the popular will. The patent produced a confederacy, but not a union. Its defects were seen in the ability of William Coddington to separate the island towns from the government of the mainland towns under a commission he obtained from the crown in 1651. It was Coddington's very commission that sent Dr. John Clarke to England to have the instrument revoked. Finding success in this endeavor in 1653, Clarke remained in England for the next decade, and became the agent to represent the interests of the fledgling Rhode Island colony before the",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "1712841",
"text": "the Pawtucket River to found the settlement of Providence, the nucleus for the colony of Rhode Island, which was formally established with the \"Providence Plantations Patent\" of 1644. Various settlers from both Rhode Island and Plymouth began to settle along the area, and the exact nature of the western boundary of Plymouth became unclear. The issue was not fully resolved until the 1740s, long after the dissolution of Plymouth Colony itself. Rhode Island had received a patent for the area in 1693, which had been disputed by Massachusetts Bay Colony. Rhode Island successfully defended the patent, and a royal decree",
"title": "Plymouth Colony"
},
{
"id": "2709444",
"text": "the Governor of Massachusetts of enemy movements. By his prompt action, Providence Plantations made some efforts at fortifying the town, and Williams even started training recruits for protection. In one of the final actions of the war, troops from Connecticut hunted down and killed \"King Philip\", as they called the Narragansett war leader Metacom, on Rhode Island's territory. In the 1680s, Charles II sought to streamline administration of the English colonies and to more closely control their trade. The Navigation Acts passed in the 1660s were widely disliked, since merchants often found themselves trapped and at odds with the rules.",
"title": "Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations"
},
{
"id": "6129424",
"text": "of Rhode Island and Connecticut granted the colonists significantly more political liberty than other colonies. Rhode Island and Connecticut continued to use their colonial charters as their State constitutions after the American Revolution. In 1628, a Puritan group of well-rounded businessmen created the Governor for and Company of Massachusetts Bay to be a profitable investment in the colonies. The Council of New England authorized a land grant, allowing the company rights to the area between the Charles and Merrimack rivers to the Pacific Ocean westward. Seeking surplus protection for their endeavor, the Puritans requested and were granted a charter from",
"title": "Charter colony"
},
{
"id": "12480901",
"text": "Roger Williams and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies. Williams and his company were compelled to leave Massachusetts Bay Colony, and Providence quickly became a refuge for persecuted religious dissenters, as Williams himself had been exiled from Massachusetts. Providence residents were among the first Patriots to spill blood in the lead-up to the American Revolutionary War during the Gaspée Affair of 1772, and Rhode Island was the first of the Thirteen Colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown on May 4, 1776. It was also the last of the Thirteen Colonies to ratify the United States Constitution",
"title": "Providence, Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "16763061",
"text": "quarrels over religious practices, with the captains sometimes advocating stricter practices than the settlers were willing to follow. The ministers were often inexperienced, argumentative or otherwise unfit. Benjamin Rudyerd wrote to Governor Bell in 1633, At first the island was vulnerable to attack. Samuel Axe and Workmaster Goodman were given responsibility for fortification. Both men became involved in a dispute with Governor Philip Bell and left with Sussex Camock to Cabo Gracias a Dios on the Mosquito Coast to the west, in what is now Nicaragua. Other men also moved to the Cape. Gun carriages, ropes and powder were spoiled",
"title": "Providence Island colony"
},
{
"id": "5181912",
"text": "the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the New Haven Colony, the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam (now New York), and the French in Canada, where they named their colony as New France . In the state of Maine, the old meaning has been preserved in the name of a type of local government jurisdiction. It is also preserved in the full name of Rhode Island: Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Plantation (settlement or colony) Plantation was an early method of colonisation where settlers went in order to establish a permanent or semi-permanent colonial base, for example for planting tobacco or cotton. Such",
"title": "Plantation (settlement or colony)"
},
{
"id": "11553198",
"text": "to honor state-issued paper currency as legal tender. Rhode Island's movement for state independence lasted long after the passage of the Constitution in 1788. The state was the first of the thirteen colonies to declare independence from Great Britain, passing legislation asserting its independence prior to the United States Declaration of Independence—and it was the last of the colonies to ratify the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation, and it created a stronger national government than had existed under the Articles. Scituate's William West and South Kingstown's Jonathan Hazard were leaders of the rural Country Party which",
"title": "Country Party (Rhode Island)"
},
{
"id": "1970843",
"text": "and he and other settlers founded Providence Plantation based on an egalitarian constitution providing for majority rule \"in civil things\" and \"liberty of conscience\" in religious matters. In 1637, a second group including Anne Hutchinson established a second settlement on Aquidneck Island, also known as Rhode Island. Other colonists settled to the north, mingling with adventurers and profit-oriented settlers to establish more religiously diverse colonies in New Hampshire and Maine. These small settlements were absorbed by Massachusetts when it made significant land claims in the 1640s and 1650s, but New Hampshire was eventually given a separate charter in 1679. Maine",
"title": "Colonial history of the United States"
},
{
"id": "469984",
"text": "by Connecticut. Providence Plantation was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams on land provided by Narragansett sachem Canonicus. Williams was a Puritan who preached religious tolerance, separation of Church and State, and a complete break with the Church of England. He was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony over theological disagreements, and he and other settlers founded Providence Plantation based on an egalitarian constitution providing for majority rule \"in civil things\" and \"liberty of conscience\" in religious matters. In 1637, a second group including Anne Hutchinson established a second settlement on Aquidneck Island, also known as Rhode Island. Other colonists",
"title": "Thirteen Colonies"
},
{
"id": "16763056",
"text": "to live in \"families\". Governor Bell was instructed to \"distribute all the Inhabitants into several families whereof one shalbe the Chiefe.\" This chief was responsible for ensuring his family did their duty and was to lead them in prayer twice a day. The company forbade swearing, drunkenness or profaning the Sabbath, and ordered Bell to \"take care that Idelness as the Nurse of all Vice be carefullie eschewed.\" Bell was instructed to seize and destroy \"cards and Dice and Tables\" that had been sent to the island. Apart from his moral duties, the instructions that Bell received from the Company",
"title": "Providence Island colony"
},
{
"id": "2508345",
"text": "War of Independence and afterwards wrote scores of new constitutions with their newly found independence in mind, Rhode Island instead continued with a document stamped by an English king. Even nearly seventy years after U.S. independence, Rhode Island continued to operate with the 1663 Charter, leaving it after 1818 (when Connecticut, the other holdout, dropped its colonial charter for a contemporary constitution) the only state whose official legal document was passed by a foreign monarch. While the 1663 Charter was democratic considering its time period, rising national demands for voting suffrage in response to the Industrial Revolution put strains on",
"title": "Rhode Island General Assembly"
},
{
"id": "470026",
"text": "and Maryland were proprietary colonies. Charter governments were political corporations created by letters patent, giving the grantees control of the land and the powers of legislative government. The charters provided a fundamental constitution and divided powers among legislative, executive, and judicial functions, with those powers being vested in officials. Massachusetts, Providence Plantation, Rhode Island, Warwick, and Connecticut were charter colonies. The Massachusetts charter was revoked in 1684 and was replaced by a provincial charter that was issued in 1691. Providence Plantations merged with the settlements at Rhode Island and Warwick to form the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations,",
"title": "Thirteen Colonies"
},
{
"id": "3214032",
"text": "Brown played a leading role in the \"Gaspée\" Affair of 1772 that increased hostilities between the thirteen colonies and the British Empire and helped catalyze events leading up to the American Revolutionary War. He was an active Federalist and pushed against Rhode Island's anti-federalist, \"Country Party\" in getting Rhode Island to become part of federal union. \"Providence\", the first warship to sail for America’s Continental Navy, was built in 1768 by John Brown. It was purchased by the colony of Rhode Island after British men-of-war began attacking Rhode Island’s shipping lanes. The General Assembly ordered its committee of safety to",
"title": "John Brown (Rhode Island)"
},
{
"id": "14165934",
"text": "territory. When Roger Williams secured a land patent from the Earl of Warwick in 1643 Jackson, Rhode Island was not a political entity. By the time monarchy was restored in England in 1660, the first four Rhode Island towns had joined together as Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. The newly formed colony claimed jurisdiction over the land south of Warwick and between the Pawcatuck River and Narragansett Bay. The death of the Narragansett sachems Miantonomi and Canonicus created a power vacuum leaving their tribal lands vulnerable. The Massachusetts Bay Colony proclaimed prior jurisdiction over Pequot country (which it argued, included",
"title": "Tobias Saunders"
},
{
"id": "16763059",
"text": "of the indentured servants expired, and planters demanded the right to use slaves in their place. One colonist, Samuel Rishworth spoke out against this practice, saying that Christians should not hold slaves. Bell silenced this man on instructions from the Company, so he could encourage the slaves to seek their freedom from their masters. By 1635 there was a population of 500 white men, 40 women, 90 blacks and a few children, scattered across the island. The village of New Westminster had just thirty houses, mostly of timber. Only the church and the governor's house were of brick. Forty guns",
"title": "Providence Island colony"
},
{
"id": "6914130",
"text": "of the line and 4,000 French Army troops to North America in April 1778 in its first major attempt at cooperation with the Americans, with orders to blockade the British North American fleet in the Delaware River. British leaders had early intelligence that d'Estaing was headed for North America, but political and military differences within the government and navy delayed the British response, and he sailed unopposed through the Straits of Gibraltar. It was not until early June that a fleet of 13 ships of the line left European waters in pursuit, under the command of Admiral John Byron. D'Estaing's",
"title": "Battle of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "2762761",
"text": "and Connecticut was resolved, the long-awaited charter, drafted by Clarke, was given the king's seal on 8 July 1663. The document was remarkable in that it not only offered corporate powers beyond what most English bureaucrats thought prudent, but offered a degree of religious freedom without precedent. The provisions of this charter were so far-reaching that not only would Rhode Island proceed as an autonomous entity, but the document would remain in effect for 180 years. In this charter, colonial boundaries were outlined, provisions for a military and for prosecuting war were effected, fishing privileges were secured, and a means",
"title": "John Clarke (Baptist minister)"
},
{
"id": "7154389",
"text": "Party controlled the General Assembly from 1786 to 1790. In 1788, anti-federalist politician and Revolutionary War General William West led an armed force of 1,000 men to Providence to oppose a July 4 celebration of the state ratifying the Constitution. Civil war was narrowly averted by a compromise limiting the Fourth of July celebration. Rhode Island was heavily involved in the slave trade during the post-Revolutionary era prior to industrialization. In 1652, Rhode Island passed the first abolition law in the Thirteen Colonies, banning African slavery, but the law was not enforced by the end of the 17th century. By",
"title": "History of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "15745712",
"text": "monarch is its democratic liberalism. This document conferred to the residents of the Rhode Island colony the power to elect their own officers and make their own laws, so long as they were not contrary or repugnant to the laws of England. The provisions were very flexible, allowing that the laws considered \"the nature and constitution of the place and people there.\" The government was to be vested in a Governor, Deputy Governor, and ten Assistants, with a House of Deputies consisting of six from Newport, four each from Providence, Warwick, and Portsmouth, and two from every other town. The",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "20314653",
"text": "settlement in the area, by the New Netherland Company as part of the colony of the same name. This colony was established primarily to exploit the North American fur trade, and grew over the next forty years with fortified settlements from the South River (Delaware River) to what is now Rhode Island. In 1621 the Dutch West India Company took over management of New Netherland and other Dutch possessions in the New World. In 1624, after floods showed that Fort Nassau was untenable, it was replaced with Fort Orange. Also in that year, Dutch settlement of what became New York",
"title": "Harbor Defenses of New York"
},
{
"id": "5808780",
"text": "Seal of Rhode Island The Seal of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations features a blue field with a golden maritime anchor as its central image below the phrase \"HOPE.\" The anchor has been used as a symbol for Rhode Island since the colony's founding in 1636, well before the region claimed statehood. Rhode Island was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a Christian minister, Anne Hutchinson, and others seeking religious freedom from persecution in Massachusetts and Europe. The seal's words and emblems were likely inspired by the biblical phrase \"hope we have as an anchor of the",
"title": "Seal of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "19857788",
"text": "Ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island The ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island was the 1790 decision by the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (\"Rhode Island\") to accede to the United States Constitution. It was a controversial process that occurred only after the United States threatened a trade embargo against Rhode Island for non-compliance. Rhode Island early acquired a reputation for opposition to closer union with the other former British colonies that had formed the United States of America. Its veto of an act of the Congress of the Confederation earned it",
"title": "Ratification of the United States Constitution by Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "52548",
"text": "the motive of many English would-be colonists to risk the arduous trans-Atlantic voyage: Maryland was founded as a haven for Roman Catholics (1634), Rhode Island (1636) as a colony tolerant of all religions and Connecticut (1639) for Congregationalists. The Province of Carolina was founded in 1663. With the surrender of Fort Amsterdam in 1664, England gained control of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, renaming it New York. This was formalised in negotiations following the Second Anglo-Dutch War, in exchange for Suriname. In 1681, the colony of Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn. The American colonies were less financially successful",
"title": "British Empire"
},
{
"id": "6129427",
"text": "Connecticut power's had the ability to create new laws, they were to not exceed the limits or contradict with the rules set place by English government. Charter colony Charter colony is one of three classes of colonial government established in the 17th century English colonies in North America, the other classes being proprietary colony and royal colony. These colonies were operated under a corporate charter given by the crown. The colonies of Virginia, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts Bay were at one time or another charter colonies. The crown might revoke a charter and convert the colony into a crown",
"title": "Charter colony"
},
{
"id": "7154386",
"text": "May 4, 1776, a full two months before the United States Declaration of Independence. Rhode Islanders had attacked the British warship HMS \"Gaspee\" in 1772 as one of the first acts of war leading to the American Revolution. British naval forces under Captain James Wallace controlled Narragansett Bay for much of the Revolutionary War, periodically raiding the islands and the mainland. The British raided Prudence Island for livestock and engaged in a skirmish with American forces, losing approximately a dozen soldiers. Newport remained a hotbed for Loyalist sympathizers who assisted the British forces, so the state appointed General William West",
"title": "History of Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "12480899",
"text": "Providence, Rhode Island Providence is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Rhode Island and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. It was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a Reformed Baptist theologian and religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He named the area in honor of \"God's merciful Providence\" which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him and his followers. The city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay. Providence was one of the first cities in the",
"title": "Providence, Rhode Island"
},
{
"id": "15745781",
"text": "the most influential documents in history. Its principles of self government and religious freedom were adopted into the Constitution of the United States in 1789. It guarantees of waterfront access still influence coastline management policy in Rhode Island. The original Royal Charter is on display at the Rhode Island State House in Providence and a photographic copy is on display at the State Archives. a. There was no adult Benjamin Arnold living in Rhode Island or in all of New England when this charter was written. This is obviously an error, and this person should be Benedict Arnold, whose name",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "14232180",
"text": "James Wallace as captain to put a halt to smuggling out of Newport. On June 13, 1775, Nicholas Cooke, the colony's lieutenant governor, officially asked Wallace to return two ships he had captured. Two days later, the General Assembly authorized the Committee of Safety to acquire two ships for the purpose of defending the colony's trade, established a committee to oversee the acquisition and fitting of the ships, and appointed Abraham Whipple as commodore of the fleet. Two sloops were purchased, called \"Katy\" and \"Washington\". Commodore Whipple reported that the same day, June 15, he captured a tender of the",
"title": "Rhode Island State Navy"
},
{
"id": "8436340",
"text": "in this capacity. Arnold became President at a crucial time in Rhode Island's history. Tremendous political change was occurring in England, and this resulted in significant changes and opportunities for the little Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which was constantly being harassed by its larger neighbors Massachusetts and Connecticut. Oliver Cromwell had been ruling in England since the overthrow and execution of King Charles I in 1649, but his death in 1658 marked the restoration of the monarchy, and Charles II ascended to the throne. The Colony of Rhode Island was quick to adjust to the new political",
"title": "Benedict Arnold (governor)"
},
{
"id": "15745718",
"text": "adult males, including African-Americans. When the document was ultimately retired, it was the oldest constitutional charter in the world. So far-reaching was this charter, that even the American Revolutionary War did not change its position, since both rested on the same foundation—the inherent right of self-government. The Rhode Island charter is a fairly lengthy document written from beginning to end without any paragraphs or divisions, thus making it very difficult to find themes and phrases presented therein. Following is an exact transcript of the charter taken from the website of the Rhode Island Secretary of State. However, because most of",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "13032227",
"text": "a joint-stock company established to colonize and govern the region. The Pilgrims wrote and signed the Mayflower Compact before leaving the ship, and it became their first governing document. The Massachusetts Bay Colony came to dominate the area and was established by royal charter in 1629 with its major town and port of Boston established in 1630. Massachusetts Puritans began to settle in Connecticut as early as 1633. Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts for heresy, led a group south, and founded Providence Plantation in the area that became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations in 1636. At",
"title": "New England"
},
{
"id": "5090505",
"text": "put on trial in November 1637, convicted, and banished from the colony along with some of her followers. William Hutchinson and other supporters of his wife signed the Portsmouth Compact on 7 March 1638 before leaving Boston, agreeing to form a non-sectarian government that was Christian in character. The group of signers considered going to New Netherland, but Roger Williams suggested that they purchase some land on the Narragansett Bay from the Narragansett Indians. They purchased Aquidneck Island, which was called Rhode Island at the time, and formed the settlement of Pocasset there, which was renamed Portsmouth in 1639. In",
"title": "William Hutchinson (Rhode Island)"
},
{
"id": "15745711",
"text": "the King, and thus became incorporated within the royal charter. A second remarkable point in the charter is the ample protection extended to the colonists of the rights of conscience. This principle, so different from the prevailing spirit of the age, has become the \"sole distinguishing feature of Rhode Island's history.\" The laws of England were rigid in their requirement of uniformity in religious belief. This provision of the charter, therefore, \"repealed the laws of England\" so far as the Rhode Island inhabitants were concerned. A third point distinguishing this charter from all others coming from the throne of a",
"title": "Rhode Island Royal Charter"
},
{
"id": "7364570",
"text": "Roger Williams National Memorial The Roger Williams National Memorial is a landscaped urban park located on a common lot of the original settlement of Providence, Rhode Island, established by Roger Williams in 1636, bounded by North Main, Canal, and Smith Streets, and Park Row. The memorial commemorates the life of the co-founder of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and a champion of the ideal of religious freedom. Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his beliefs, and he founded this colony as a place where all could come to worship as their conscience dictated without",
"title": "Roger Williams National Memorial"
},
{
"id": "2547047",
"text": "settlements on Rhode Island (Portsmouth and Newport) united with Providence Plantations and Warwick to form the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations and, eventually, the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. The entire state is now commonly referred to as Rhode Island, and the official name of Aquidneck Island is still \"Rhode Island.\" The U.S. Board on Geographic Names addressed the issue in 1930 by using both names of the island on its maps. By 1964, the board decided that having two names was confusing, and \"Rhode Island\" was used exclusively as the official name. Attempts to change",
"title": "Aquidneck Island"
}
] | what was the purpose of rhode island colony |
|
| [
{
"id": "1232566",
"text": "Isle of Man TT The International Isle of Man TT (Tourist Trophy) races are an annual motorcycle sport event run on the Isle of Man in May/June of most years since its inaugural race in 1907, and is often called one of the most dangerous racing events in the world. The Isle of Man TT is run in a time-trial format on public roads closed to the public by an Act of Tynwald (the parliament of the Isle of Man). The event consists of one week of practice sessions followed by one week of racing. It has been a tradition,",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "1232602",
"text": "championship and replaced by the British Grand Prix. Isle of Man TT The International Isle of Man TT (Tourist Trophy) races are an annual motorcycle sport event run on the Isle of Man in May/June of most years since its inaugural race in 1907, and is often called one of the most dangerous racing events in the world. The Isle of Man TT is run in a time-trial format on public roads closed to the public by an Act of Tynwald (the parliament of the Isle of Man). The event consists of one week of practice sessions followed by one",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "193451",
"text": "the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy race, colloquially known as \"The TT\", which began in 1907. It takes place in late May and early June. The TT is now an international road racing event for motorcycles, which used to be part of the World Championship, and is long considered to be one of the \"greatest motorcycle sporting events of the world\". Taking place over a two-week period, it has become a festival for motorcycling culture, makes a huge contribution to the island's economy and has become part of Manx identity. For many, the Isle carries the title \"road racing capital",
"title": "Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "8468999",
"text": "Isle of Man TT Mountain Course The Isle of Man TT Mountain Course or \"TT Course\" is a motor-cycle road- racing circuit located in the Isle of Man. The motor-cycle \"TT Course\" is used principally for the Isle of Man TT Races and also the separate event of the Isle of Man Festival of Motorcycling for the Manx Grand Prix and Classic TT Races held in September of each year. The start-line for the Isle of Man TT Mountain Course is located on Glencrutchery Road in the town of Douglas, Isle of Man. The clockwise course has a lap of",
"title": "Isle of Man TT Mountain Course"
},
{
"id": "7967552",
"text": "The other island clubs are Castletown Rugby Club, Southern Nomads Rugby Club and Vagabonds Rugby Club. Douglas, Vagabonds and Ramsey participate in the English leagues. The Isle of Man is famous for its TT motorbike racing event, which began in 1904 as a motorcar race. TT stands for \"Tourist Trophy\". From 1905, the TT was held as a closed-roads motorcycle racing event and the original course was extended in the 1920s to use the current Snaefell Mountain Course. This is now a series of annual motorcycle road races over held from late May to early June. The 4.25-mile (6.84 km)",
"title": "Sport in the Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "4336345",
"text": "also popular with residents. The main international event associated with the island is the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy race, colloquially known as \"The TT\", which began in 1907. It takes place in late May and early June. The TT is now an international road racing event for motorcycles, which used to be part of the World Championship, and is long considered to be one of the \"greatest motorcycle sporting event of the world”. Taking place over a two-week period, it has become a festival for motorcycling culture, makes a huge contribution to the island’s economy and has become part",
"title": "Culture of the Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "11437141",
"text": "TT Grandstand The TT Grandstand including the startline, pit lane, re-fuellers, merchandising and scoreboard for the Isle of Man TT and Manx Grand Prix races is situated on the A2 Glencrutchery Road, in the town of Douglas, Isle of Man. The startline for the 1911 TT races was originally situated on a level section of the A2 Quarterbridge Road between Selborne Drive and Woodlands Lodge in Douglas. The startline and refuelling area was moved to the top of Bray Hill for the 1914 TT races, and then moved in 1920 to the Nobles Park area of the A2 Glencrutchery Road",
"title": "TT Grandstand"
},
{
"id": "1232567",
"text": "perhaps started by racing competitors in the early 1920s, for spectators to tour the Snaefell Mountain Course on motorcycles during the Isle of Man TT on \"\"Mad Sunday\"\", an informal and unofficial sanctioned event held on the Sunday between 'Practice Week' and 'Race Week'. The first Isle of Man TT race was held on Tuesday 28 May 1907 and was called the International Auto-Cycle Tourist Trophy. The event was organised by the Auto-Cycle Club over 10 laps of the Isle of Man St John's Short Course of 15 miles 1,470 yards for road-legal 'touring' motorcycles with exhaust silencers, saddles, pedals",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "16751696",
"text": "The Nook, Isle of Man The Nook (Middle English: a corner or recess) is situated on the primary A18 Mountain Road in the parish of Onchan in the Isle of Man between the 37th Milestone road-side marker on the Snaefell Mountain Course and the TT Grandstand on the primary A2 Glencrutchery Road in the town of Douglas. The Nook along with the nearby Governor's Bridge road junction and hairpin bends is part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1920 for the Isle of Man TT and from 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix Races. The Nook was part of",
"title": "The Nook, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "7967547",
"text": "Sport in the Isle of Man For a small country, sport in the Isle of Man plays an important part in making the island known to the wider world. The principal international sporting event held on the island is the annual Isle of Man TT motorcycling event. However, the Isle of Man is represented internationally in a number of other sports at the Commonwealth Games and the Island Games. The Isle of Man hosted the IV Commonwealth Youth Games in September 2011. The Island started the Island Games in 1985 and hosted them once again in 2001. The most notable",
"title": "Sport in the Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "12419395",
"text": "Brandish Corner Brandish Corner (formerly known as \"Upper-Hillberry Corner\" and previously Telegraph Hill) is situated between the 35th and 36th Milestone road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course on the primary A18 Mountain Road in the parish of Onchan in the Isle of Man. The road was re-engineered in recent years. Brandish Corner was part of the Highland Course and Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy car races held between 1904 and 1922. Brandish Corner is part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the Isle of Man TT and Manx Grand",
"title": "Brandish Corner"
},
{
"id": "9626253",
"text": "11th Milestone, Isle of Man 11th Milestone, Isle of Man (previously 'Drinkwater's Bend') is situated between the 11th and 12th Milestone racing road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the primary A3 Castletown to Ramsey Road which forms the boundary between the parishes of German and Michael in the Isle of Man. The distinctive elongated S-bend corner was part of the Highland Course and Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy automobile car races held in the Isle of Man between 1904 and 1922. The 11th",
"title": "11th Milestone, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "9463571",
"text": "1958 Isle of Man TT The Isle of Man Tourist Trophy races have a long (hundred-year plus) history thanks in part to the demanding 37 mile high-speed track plus Mountain Course (with a seemingly never-ending series of bends, bumps, jumps, stone walls, manhole covers and telegraph poles) which - needless to say - requires high levels of skill and concentration. Held annually in the last week of May for practice and the first week of June for racing week with many supporting attractions, gatherings and other events taking place. For many years regarded as the most prestigious and oldest motorcycle",
"title": "1958 Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "8036153",
"text": "Snaefell mountain road The A18 Snaefell Mountain Road or \"Mountain Road\" () is a primary main A-road of in length which connects the towns of Douglas and Ramsey in the Isle of Man. The Mountain Road is part of Isle of Man TT Mountain Course or Mountain Course, a road-racing circuit used for the Isle of Man TT and Manx Grand Prix races, which have been held in the Isle of Man from 1911 and 1923 respectively. In the races, it is one-way from Ramsey towards Douglas. The racing is held on public roads closed for racing by an Act",
"title": "Snaefell mountain road"
},
{
"id": "1232599",
"text": "and Games\" notes: During race week, the TT races create a carnival atmosphere with picnicking spectators flanking vantage points on the circuit similar to other community festivals in another form of cycle racing – the Tour de Yorkshire and Le Tour de France. Between 1907 and 2018 there have been 149 fatalities during official practices or races on the Snaefell Mountain Course, and 258 total fatalities (this number includes the riders killed during the Manx Grand Prix, and Clubman TT race series of the late 1940s/1950s). In 2016, 5 riders died on the course during official practices or races, bringing",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "1232572",
"text": "the international racing status of the Isle of Man TT races. The event was redeveloped by the Isle of Man Department of Tourism as the \"Isle of Man TT Festival\" from 1989 onwards. This included new racing events for the new Isle of Man TT Festival programme, including the Isle of Man Pre-TT Classic Races in 1989 followed by the Isle of Man Post-TT Races from 1991 and both held on the Billown Circuit. In 2013, the Isle of Man \"Classic TT\" was developed by the Isle of Man Department of Economic Development and the Auto-Cycle Union for historic racing",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "9027458",
"text": "Handley's Corner, Isle of Man Handley's Corner (formerly \"Ballamenagh Corner\") is situated just before the 12th Milestone road-side marker, measured from the startline at the TT Grandstand, on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the primary A3 road, in the parish of Michael, in the Isle of Man. The previous course landmark is the 11th Milestone and the next is McGuinness's, named in 2013 after TT rider John McGuinness, just preceding the next point at Barregarrow. The S-bend at Ballamenagh Corner, dominated by a high stone wall on the eastern side, was part",
"title": "Handley's Corner, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "193452",
"text": "of the world\". The Manx Grand Prix is a separate motorcycle event for amateurs and private entrants that uses the same Snaefell Mountain Course in late August and early September. Prior to the introduction of football in the 19th century, Cammag was the island's traditional sport. It is similar to the Irish hurling and the Scottish game of shinty. Nowadays there is an annual match at St John's. The Isle of Man has two cinemas, both in Douglas. The Broadway Cinema is located in the government-owned and -run Villa Marina and Gaiety Theatre complex. It has a capacity of 154",
"title": "Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "9218944",
"text": "26th Milestone, Isle of Man 26th Milestone, Isle of Man (also known as \"Joey’s\") is situated on the primary A18 Snaefell Mountain Road in the parish of Lezayre in the Isle of Man. At the 26th Milestone racing marker used for the Isle of Man TT Races and Manx Grand Prix, the bend was named in honour of 26-times TT winner Joey Dunlop who died after a racing motorcycle crash in Estonia in July 2000. The area is the location of the only accident in which spectators at the Isle of Man TT races or Manx Grand Prix have been",
"title": "26th Milestone, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "11982532",
"text": "Parliament Square, Ramsey Parliament Square, Ramsey () is situated between the 23rd and 24th Milestone road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT Races on the junction of the primary A3 Castletown to Ramsey road, the A9 Ramsey to Andreas road and A2 Douglas to Ramsey road situated in the town of Ramsey in the parish of Lezayre in the Isle of Man. Parliament Square was part of the Highland Course and Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy automobile car races held in the Isle of Man between",
"title": "Parliament Square, Ramsey"
},
{
"id": "2305460",
"text": "Governor's residence, and finally the seat of the legislature, Tynwald, to Douglas from the ancient capital, Castletown. The town is the Island's main hub for business, finance, legal services, shipping, transport, shopping, and entertainment. The annual Isle of Man TT motorcycle races start and finish in Douglas. In the absence of any archaeological data, the origins of the town may be revealed by analysis of the original street and plot pattern. The discovery of a bronze weapon in central Douglas, and the large Ballaquayle Viking treasure hoard on the outskirts, both in the 1890s, hint at the early importance of",
"title": "Douglas, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "1232578",
"text": "have been in the format of time-trial. The races held on the Clypse Course during the period 1954–1959 were the more traditional full grid starts along with the 1924 Lightweight TT Race and Clubmen TT Races from 1948, which were also \"mass-start\" races. The current format is a \"clutch start\" and race competitors will be \"started singly at 10-second intervals\". Entrants must be in possession of a valid National Entrants or FIM Sponsors Licence for Road Racing. Entrants must cite pre-filled documentation of completion of a UK drivers licence or motorcycle certification or a drivers licence from a comparable country",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "1232577",
"text": "organisers to use a section of the Gordon Bennett Trial course. This ran from Douglas south to Castletown and then north to Ballacraine along the primary A3 road and returned to the start at the Quarterbridge in Douglas via Crosby and Glen Vine along the current Snaefell Mountain Course in the reverse direction. The 1905 International Motor-Cycle Cup Race for five laps () was won by J.S. Campbell (Ariel) despite a fire during a pit stop in 4 hours, 9 minutes and 36 seconds at an average race speed of . The TT Races since the first race in 1907",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "14585846",
"text": "the Isle of Man between 1904 and 1922. Whitegates is now part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the Isle of Man TT and 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix Races. The road junction at Whitegates is the staging area and start line for the Lhergy Frissell hillclimb, part of the Manx Classic Hill Climb events. Whitegates, Isle of Man Whitegates, a left-curve, is situated adjacent the 24th Milestone road-side marker on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT Races and the 15th Milestone on the primary A18 Snaefell Mountain Road in the",
"title": "Whitegates, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "1232581",
"text": "was the first time the Lightweight TT race took place, won by a motorcycle-journalist Geoff S. Davison, riding a Levis at an average speed of for seven laps of the Snaefell Mountain Course. As with the Ultra-Lightweight TT Race, the event was dropped from the race schedule in 2004, but was reintroduced 2008–2009, held on the Billown short road circuit and then dropped again from the race schedule on cost grounds. The 2015 specifications for entries into the Lightweight TT race are: The 1923 TT was the first time the Sidecar TT race was run, over three laps () of",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "7854810",
"text": "Manx Grand Prix The Manx Grand Prix motorcycle races are held on the Isle of Man TT Course (or 'Mountain Circuit') every year for a two-week period, usually spanning the end of August and early September. The MGP or Manx (as it is more commonly known) is considered to be the amateur rider's alternative and a learning experience for the Isle of Man TT races held in May/June. The event differs from the TT in that it does not cater for sidecars. A 'Classic TT' race category for historic racing machines was added in 2013 as part of the Manx",
"title": "Manx Grand Prix"
},
{
"id": "4493350",
"text": "The Snaefell Mountain Railway has a seasonal electric tram service, typically from April to October, which climbs the from Laxey to the summit. The A18 Snaefell Mountain Road passes over the slopes of Snaefell, and is the highest section of the Snaefell Mountain Course over which the Isle of Man TT Races are held. Walkers often use the car park on this road near the Bungalow railway station (last railway stop before the summit) from which there is a rough path to the peak. The trail has sections of gravel, slate stones, grass and rock. While the angle of ascent",
"title": "Snaefell"
},
{
"id": "8780487",
"text": "hosting the event in 2017 with a further option for 2018. In early November 2017, Silverstone announced a three-year deal to host the races in 2018, 2019 and 2020. The 2018 race was cancelled due to weather conditions. British motorcycle Grand Prix The British motorcycle Grand Prix is a motorcycling event that is part of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. Before 1977, the only British round was the Isle of Man TT, which was part of the FIM championship from its inauguration in 1949 until 1976. The Isle of Man TT was the most prestigious event on the Grand",
"title": "British motorcycle Grand Prix"
},
{
"id": "11982590",
"text": "uncultivated grazing land of Park Mooar, the Rhowin and North Barrule in the Northern Uplands in the Isle of Man. Gooseneck corner was part of the Highland Course and the Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy car races held between 1904 and 1922. It is now part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the TT and from 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix races. The Gooseneck is described as a good location for spectators to be very close to the bikes. Racers are at medium speed, yet can seem faster because",
"title": "Gooseneck, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "11982574",
"text": "School House Corner School House Corner (formerly known as Russell's Corner) is a left curve on the primary A3 Lezayre Road in Ramsey, Isle of Man. It is between the 23rd and 24th milestone road markers, on the circuitous Mountain Course race track, measured from the starting line at the TT Grandstand. The course is used for the Isle of Man TT and Manx Grand Prix races. It was part of the Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy car races held between 1905 and 1911 and was part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used",
"title": "School House Corner"
},
{
"id": "11982602",
"text": "of deciduous and coniferous trees. The Ramsey Hairpin was part of the Highland Course and the Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy car races held between 1904 and 1922, and is part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the TT and 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix races. Ramsey Hairpin Ramsey Hairpin (in ) is a point on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the Snaefell Mountain Road, designated as A18, in the parish of Maughold in the Isle of Man. It is situated",
"title": "Ramsey Hairpin"
},
{
"id": "9400797",
"text": "Ultra-Lightweight TT The Ultra-Lightweight TT is a motorcycle road race that takes place during the Isle of Man TT festival, an annual event at the end of May and beginning of June. Between 1951 and 1974 this race was part of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing season at world-level, representing the British round. The Ultra-Lightweight TT and the Lightweight TT races were both dropped from the 2005 Isle of Man TT race calendar due to lack of entries, but were later reinstated to the 2008 TT race schedule to be held on the Billown Circuit. The 1924 Isle of Man",
"title": "Ultra-Lightweight TT"
},
{
"id": "9027459",
"text": "of the Highland Course and the Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy car races held between 1904 and 1922. The Ballamenagh Corner was part of the St John's Short Course used between 1907 and 1910 for the TT races. Later named Handley's Corner, it became part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the TT and from 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix races. The area is dominated by the Ballamenagh and Shoughlaige-e-Caine farmland. The name derives from the TT race winner Wal Handley who, while riding a Rudge motorcycle, crashed heavily",
"title": "Handley's Corner, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "1232591",
"text": "and continue to this day. The Thursday afternoon practice session from 13:45–17:00, introduced in the late 1950s, was discontinued from the Centenary races in 2007. A schedule for practice sessions is announced each year well in advance. For the 2016 races a provisional schedule was announced by mid-July 2015, and changes in the schedule were highlighted. But for example, the 2015 event began with a Saturday evening untimed practice session from 18:00–21:30, with the public roads that comprise the Snaefell Mountain Course closed. The section of the primary A18 Snaefell Mountain Road from Ramsey Hairpin to Creg-ny-Baa was to close",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "9038483",
"text": "Senior TT Senior Tourist Trophy is a motorcycle road race that takes place during the Isle of Man TT festival, an annual event traditionally held over the last week in May and the first week in June. The Senior TT is the Blue Riband event of the festival that takes place on the Friday of race week with 'The Marquis de Mouzilly St. Mars trophy' awarded to the winner. The event was part of the FIM Motorcycle Grand Prix World Championship during the period 1949–1976, before being transferred to the United Kingdom after safety concerns, becoming the British Grand Prix",
"title": "Senior TT"
},
{
"id": "2305479",
"text": "and St. Ninian's High School, and numerous primary schools. University College Isle of Man and the International Business School are also located in Douglas. Douglas has a number of attractions and items of interest: Douglas saw the first architectural essays of the Arts and Crafts architect Baillie Scott. Douglas is the start and finish point for the Isle of Man TT. The race had been a part of the FIM Motorcycle Grand Prix World Championship but is no longer. The Isle of Man Cricket Club was formed in 1930 and later reformed as the IoM Cricket Association. It was elected",
"title": "Douglas, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "8469001",
"text": "negotiating urban streets in the town of Ramsey. The A18 then takes the course back to Douglas through the highest point, situated after the Bungalow at Hailwood's Height near the 31st Milestone and the UK Ordnance Survey spot height of above sea level. The descent starts through countryside before entering the residential outskirts of Douglas back to the finish line. Motor racing began on the Isle of Man in 1904 with the Gordon Bennett Trial and originally was restricted to touring cars. As the Motor Car Act 1903 placed a speed restriction of on cars within the United Kingdom, the",
"title": "Isle of Man TT Mountain Course"
},
{
"id": "13203682",
"text": "Cronk Urleigh Cronk Urleigh (in formerly Reneurling - \"the hill or ridge of slaughter\") is a corner situated at the 13th Milestone roadside marker on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the primary A3 road in the parish of Michael in the Isle of Man. The nearby small hillock at Cronk Urleigh is traditionally thought to be the site of the original Tynwald courts until 1422, although the site may have been situated at nearby Rhencullen in Kirk Michael. The corner at Cronk Urleigh was part of the Highland Course and the Four",
"title": "Cronk Urleigh"
},
{
"id": "11437143",
"text": "wider pit-lane built on newly acquired land for the 1986 TT Races. The official TT regulations paddock diagram shows many public, technical and administrative areas developed into the Grandstand, including: The deceleration lane terminates in a hairpin turn-around loop in Nobles Park before leading back to the \"winners enclosure\" and \"parc fermé\", situated as part of the paddock complex, for all race finishers TT Grandstand The TT Grandstand including the startline, pit lane, re-fuellers, merchandising and scoreboard for the Isle of Man TT and Manx Grand Prix races is situated on the A2 Glencrutchery Road, in the town of Douglas,",
"title": "TT Grandstand"
},
{
"id": "1232597",
"text": "1982 Road Racing Act (Isle of Man) and the supplementary TT Road Races Orders allow vehicles and pedestrians to cross the Snaefell Mountain Course at certain points between scheduled race periods under the supervision of a police officer. Several permanent pedestrian overbridges have been erected. These points include: The TT Access Road runs parallel to a section of the A1 Peel Road, which is part of the Snaefell Mountain Course, and operates during practice and race periods to enable vehicles to pass from inside of the race course to the outside. It runs along a section of former railway line",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "1232598",
"text": "on the historic Douglas to Peel route, from the junction of the A5 \"New Castletown Road\" at the Quarter Bridge, passing under the course at Braddan Bridge, to an exit at Braddan School Road in Douglas outskirts, near the former Braddan Railway Halt and the A23/Ballafletcher Road junction. The access road is a narrow, single-track width with passing places and is restricted to cars and light vans below a weight limit of . When used for vehicular traffic, pedestrian access is prohibited, but at other times it is part of a system of nature-trails. The \"Oxford Companion to World Sports",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "1232573",
"text": "motorcycles, and along with the Manx Grand Prix now forms part of the 'Isle of Man Festival of Motorcycling' held in late August of each year. The event has not been without criticism. In 2007 an incident during the 'senior race' resulted in the death of a rider and two spectators.. The resultant inquest made several recommendations and included several comments, such as: 'Senior Marshals may well have been elevated beyond the sphere of their competence'. . It also noted that 'I am more than aware of the fact that the witnesses from the Manx Motor Cycle Club and the",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "7854828",
"text": "machines) and there is also a Classic Parade on closed roads. Unlike the TT there is no funfair on Douglas Promenade but various entertainments include visiting and local music acts and the Manx 3-day Trial. Manx Grand Prix The Manx Grand Prix motorcycle races are held on the Isle of Man TT Course (or 'Mountain Circuit') every year for a two-week period, usually spanning the end of August and early September. The MGP or Manx (as it is more commonly known) is considered to be the amateur rider's alternative and a learning experience for the Isle of Man TT races",
"title": "Manx Grand Prix"
},
{
"id": "18490367",
"text": "as the host in August 2014. As initially planned, the tournament was to take place wholly on the Isle of Man, with The Bowl, the main stadium on the island, holding all matches. However, the Isle of Man TT races were scheduled for the period of 30 May to 12 June 2015, the day prior to the start of the tournament. As a consequence of the unexpected interest in the tournament, with a consequent lack of hotel and ferry space for both spectators at the TT races and fans wishing to attend the European Football Cup, CONIFA took the decision",
"title": "2015 ConIFA European Football Cup"
},
{
"id": "1232600",
"text": "the total number of fatalities to 252. There were six fatalities among competitors in the 1970 Isle of Man TT, making it the deadliest year in the history of the event. The Isle of Man TT was part of the FIM Motor-Cycle Grand Prix World Championship (now MotoGP) between 1949 and 1976. During this period the Isle of Man TT Races counted as the United Kingdom round including the Sidecar TT, 50 cc Ultra-Lightweight TT, 125 cc Lightweight TT, 250 cc Lightweight TT, 350 cc Junior TT and 500 cc Senior TT races counted towards the FIM Motor-Cycle Grand Prix",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "9537169",
"text": "Creg-ny-Baa, Isle of Man Creg-ny-Baa, Isle of Man () [kreg no bæ:]) is a right turn on the Snaefell Mountain Course, the motorcycle racing course used since 1911 for the Isle of Man TT races and from 1923 in the Manx Grand Prix races. It is named after the nearby Keppel Hotel or Creg-ny-Baa public house and restaurant. It is located between the 34th and 35th Milestone racing road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course, situated on the primary A18 Snaefell Mountain Road and the side-road junction with the secondary B12 'Creg-ny-Baa Back-Road', in the parish of Onchan in the",
"title": "Creg-ny-Baa, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "1232570",
"text": "for competitors, there was a boycott of the Isle of Man TT races from the early 1970s by many of the leading competitors, motorcycle manufacturers and national motorcycle sporting federations. It is still billed in popular culture as the most dangerous motorsport event in the world, with the \"New York Times\" stating the number of deaths \"to 146 since it was first run in 1907; if one includes fatal accidents occurring during the Manx Grand Prix, the amateur races held later in the summer on the same Snaefell Mountain Course, the figure rises above 250.\" fatalities in its history. An",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "13118995",
"text": "Mountain Mile The Mountain Mile is a 1.3 mile (2.09 km) section of a purpose-built graded road situated between the 27th and 29th Milestone roadside markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT and Manx Grand Prix races on the A18 Mountain Road in the parish of Lezayre in the Isle of Man. The Mountain Mile begins at the nearby \"Guthrie's Bridge\" at the 27th Milestone and incorporates the former East Snaefell sheep-gate, East (Snaefell) Mountain Gate and the Mountain Box. The A18 Snaefell mountain road was developed in the mid-nineteenth century from a number",
"title": "Mountain Mile"
},
{
"id": "9193593",
"text": "Clypse Course The Clypse Course describes a motor-cycle racing course used for the Isle of Man TT Races between 1954 and 1959. The course is 10.92 miles (17.63 km) long and is in the parish of Onchan in the Isle of Man. The course uses two short sections of the Snaefell Mountain Course which includes the primary A18 road between Cronk-ny-Mona and Creg-ny-Baa used in the reverse direction. Also, the primary A18 Mountain Road between Signpost Corner and Governor's Bridge. The highest point of the course is 261 metres above sea level at Ballacarrooin Hill (Ordnance Survey ). The name",
"title": "Clypse Course"
},
{
"id": "14607342",
"text": "and 1910. The Douglas Road Corner was situated between the 6th milestone and 7th milestone on the St. John's Short Course, 345 ft above sea level. Also, Douglas Road Corner is part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the Isle of Man TT and from 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix Races. Douglas Road Corner Douglas Road Corner ( – Oak Nook) or Kirk Michael Corner is situated adjacent the 14th Milestone road-side marker on the Snaefell Mountain Course on the primary A3 Castletown to Ramsey Road and the road junction with the A4 Peel to Kirk",
"title": "Douglas Road Corner"
},
{
"id": "13062424",
"text": "Gorse Lea Gorse Lea () section of road is situated between the 7th Milestone and 8th Milestone road-side marker on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT Races on the primary A1 Douglas to Peel road in the parish of German in the Isle of Man. Gorse Lea road section was part of the Four Inch Course used for the Tourist Trophy automobile car races held in the Isle of Man between 1905 and 1922. The Gorse Lea road section was part of the course used for 1905 International Motor-Cycle Cup Races held in the Isle",
"title": "Gorse Lea"
},
{
"id": "11982600",
"text": "Ramsey Hairpin Ramsey Hairpin (in ) is a point on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the Snaefell Mountain Road, designated as A18, in the parish of Maughold in the Isle of Man. It is situated between the 24th and 25th Milestone road-side markers used for the races on the 37+ mile circuitous-course, measured from the startline at the TT Grandstand. The A18 Snaefell Mountain Road – linking the towns of Ramsey and Douglas – was developed in the mid-nineteenth century from a number of pre-existing tracks and bridle paths. As this section",
"title": "Ramsey Hairpin"
},
{
"id": "1232569",
"text": "1922 followed by a Sidecar TT race in 1923. There was no racing on the Isle of Man between 1940 and 1945 due to the Second World War. It recommenced with the Manx Grand Prix in 1946 and the Isle of Man TT in 1947, with a greatly expanded format that included the new Clubman's TT races. The Isle of Man TT became part of the FIM Motor-cycle Grand Prix World Championship (now MotoGP) as the British round of the World Motor-Cycling Championship during the period 1949–1976. Following safety concerns with the Snaefell Mountain Course and problems over inadequate 'start-money'",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "12719689",
"text": "Rally Isle of Man Rally Isle of Man (previously the \"Manx International Rally\" and formerly the \"Manx Trophy Rally\") is a rally competition held in the Isle of Man. It was first held in 1963, and later became a well-known event in the British Open Rally Championship and the European Rally Championship (until 1996). In 2002, it became part of the Irish Tarmac Rally Championship in addition to the British Rally Championship. The most successful drivers in the history of the rally include the five-time winner Mark Higgins and the four-time winners Tony Pond and Russell Brookes. This has been",
"title": "Rally Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "1232587",
"text": "cc until discontinued in 1974, and then re-introduced for 1989, again for two-stroke 125 cc motorcycles, until dropped again due to lack of entries after 2004. The event was reintroduced 2008–2009 held on the four-mile Billown Circuit and then dropped from the race schedule on cost grounds for the 2010 races. The Clubman races with Lightweight, Junior and Senior classes were held for production motorcycles from 1947 until 1956. A Senior 1000 cc class provided an opportunity for Vincent motorcycles. The riders were little-known, but as the stars were barred from entering the class, it provided a stepping-stone for future-stars",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "14585845",
"text": "Whitegates, Isle of Man Whitegates, a left-curve, is situated adjacent the 24th Milestone road-side marker on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT Races and the 15th Milestone on the primary A18 Snaefell Mountain Road in the town of Ramsey, Isle of Man in the Isle of Man. The name derived from two former white gates at the entrance of the Claughbane Road and the nearby Claughbane Farm. The bend at Whitegates was part of the Highland Course and the Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy car races held in",
"title": "Whitegates, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "12044006",
"text": "Formula TT The Formula TT was a racing class for motorcycles from 1977 to 1990 as the official World Cup under the umbrella of International Motorcycling Federation. It was in three engine capacity classes, and was divided into both two and four-stroke engines. From 1949 to 1976 the Isle of Man TT was part of the Motorcycle Grand Prix World Championship and was the home of the British Grand Prix. The event came under increasing scrutiny due to safety concerns despite efforts by the ACU to retain its world championship status. When Italian rider Gilberto Parlotti was killed during the",
"title": "Formula TT"
},
{
"id": "7967553",
"text": "Billown circuit near Castletown has been the scene of further events such as the Southern 100 in May, June and July since 1955. Further racing takes place on the TT course each August–September in the form of the Manx Grand Prix. The idea of motor cycle racing for amateurs and private entrants on the famous TT course gave rise to the birth of the MGP back in 1921. Linked to all this motor cycle racing are the Supporters Clubs, Riders Associations, the and the as, without marshals, no racing would be possible. The Isle of Man hosts a number of",
"title": "Sport in the Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "14648312",
"text": "Slieau Ruy , Colden and Slieu Ree (near to Keppel Gate) at . Ballagarey Corner was part of the Four Inch Course used for the Tourist Trophy car races held between 1905 and 1922, and part of the course used for 1905 International Motor Cycle Cup Races. It is part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the TT races and from 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix. Ballagarey Corner, Isle of Man Ballagarey Corner (from - farm of the slope) is situated between the 3rd and 4th Milestone roadside markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for",
"title": "Ballagarey Corner, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "13203761",
"text": "Glen Duff Glen Duff (from ) is a point on the Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT and Manx Grand Prix races situated between the 21st and 22nd Milestone road-side markers on the 37+ mile circuitous road-race course, measured from the startline at the TT Grandstand, It is situated on the A3 Castletown to Ramsey road and the side junction with the B14 Road of the Ayre (\"Bernaharra Road\") in the parish of Lezayre in the Isle of Man. Glen Duff was part of the Four Inch Course used for the Tourist Trophy car races held between",
"title": "Glen Duff"
},
{
"id": "9193597",
"text": "the Manx Rally. Clypse Course The Clypse Course describes a motor-cycle racing course used for the Isle of Man TT Races between 1954 and 1959. The course is 10.92 miles (17.63 km) long and is in the parish of Onchan in the Isle of Man. The course uses two short sections of the Snaefell Mountain Course which includes the primary A18 road between Cronk-ny-Mona and Creg-ny-Baa used in the reverse direction. Also, the primary A18 Mountain Road between Signpost Corner and Governor's Bridge. The highest point of the course is 261 metres above sea level at Ballacarrooin Hill (Ordnance Survey",
"title": "Clypse Course"
},
{
"id": "13062449",
"text": "Ballagarraghyn Ballagarraghyn (in ) is situated between the 7th and 8th Milestone road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the primary A1 Douglas to Peel road in the parish of German in the Isle of Man. Ballagarraghyn was part of the Four Inch Course used for the Tourist Trophy car races held between 1905 and 1922, and was part of the course used for 1905 International Motor-Cycle Cup Races. It is part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the TT races and from 1923 for the Manx Grand",
"title": "Ballagarraghyn"
},
{
"id": "16097785",
"text": "1976 Isle of Man TT The 1976 Isle of Man TT was the fifth round of the 1976 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place between 7 June and 12 June 1976 at the Snaefell Mountain Course. 1976 marked the end of an era as it would be the last time the Isle of Man TT would appear on the Grand Prix calendar. Once the most prestigious race of the year, the event had been increasingly boycotted by the top riders, and finally succumbed to pressure for increased safety in racing events. The Grand Prix was moved to England",
"title": "1976 Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "11437155",
"text": "of the Mannin Moar Course. The startline and refuelling area for the Isle of Man TT races was situated at the top of Bray Hill for the 1914 TT races, moving in 1920 to the Nobles Park area of the A2 Glencrutchery Road. Bray Hill is part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the TT races and Manx Grand Prix since 1923. The A2 Bray Hill and A2 Quarterbridge Road were subjected to major road repairs and re-profiling during the winter of 1978/79 by the Isle of Man Highway Board. This followed two fatal accidents at the",
"title": "Bray Hill"
},
{
"id": "12297460",
"text": "Ballig Ballig (, also known as Ballig Bridge) is a small hamlet of a few houses situated between the 8th and 9th Milestone road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course between Ballacraine and Glen Helen. It is the site of a former notorious hump-back bridge used for the Isle of Man TT Races on the primary A3 Castletown to Ramsey and the road junction with the A20 Poortown Road in the parish of German in the Isle of Man. The former Ballig Bridge was part of the Highland Course and Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and",
"title": "Ballig"
},
{
"id": "12719690",
"text": "an annual event for many years, apart from cancellation in 2011. In early September 2018, it was announced that the 2018 event had been cancelled. Various allegations have been made blaming the cancellation, inter alia, on the rally organisers, the Department of Infrastructure and the Department for Enterprise. Rally Isle of Man is run on public roads closed for racing by the provisions of an Act of Tynwald (the parliament of the Isle of Man). The event has special timed stages that use narrow farm-lanes with high grass banks, stages over open moorland and Monaco-style 'around-the-houses' stages in Ramsey or",
"title": "Rally Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "8780484",
"text": "British motorcycle Grand Prix The British motorcycle Grand Prix is a motorcycling event that is part of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. Before 1977, the only British round was the Isle of Man TT, which was part of the FIM championship from its inauguration in 1949 until 1976. The Isle of Man TT was the most prestigious event on the Grand Prix motorcycling calendar from 1949-1972. After the 1972 event, multiple world champion Giacomo Agostini dropped a bombshell on the motorsports world by stating he would never race at the Isle of Man TT again, stating the 37-mile (62",
"title": "British motorcycle Grand Prix"
},
{
"id": "13056985",
"text": "Appledene Appledene is situated between the 6th and 7th roadside mile-markers, measured from the startline of the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races, on the primary A1 Douglas to Peel road in the Isle of Man parish of German. Appledene was part of the Four Inch Course used for the Tourist Trophy car races held between 1905 and 1922, and part of the course used for 1905 International Motor-Cycle Cup Races. It is part of the Mountain Course used since 1911 for the TT from 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix races. Before the start",
"title": "Appledene"
},
{
"id": "12719691",
"text": "Castletown. The exact routes vary each year, but in 2008 the longest timed special stage was the 21.46 mile \"Milerisk\" stage and the shortest included the 1.46 mile \"Balley Cashtal\" stage in Castletown and the 0.90 mile \"Villa Marina\" \"super-special\" stage in Douglas. Records and stage times for competition sections for the Manx International Rally and Rally Isle of Man. Rally Isle of Man Rally Isle of Man (previously the \"Manx International Rally\" and formerly the \"Manx Trophy Rally\") is a rally competition held in the Isle of Man. It was first held in 1963, and later became a well-known",
"title": "Rally Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "13062577",
"text": "Glen Helen, Isle of Man Glen Helen (in , formerly Glen Rhenass) an area of wooded valleys, is known for the sweeping left-bend and uphill exit towards Creg Willey's Hill on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT Races. One of a series of Manx National Glens, it is situated on the primary A3 Castletown to Ramsey road in the parish of German, between the 9th and 10th Milestone road-side markers measured from the startline at the TT Grandstand. Glen Helen is preceded by Black Dub and followed by Sarah's Cottage. The glen itself with picturesque",
"title": "Glen Helen, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "14585725",
"text": "to the Gooseneck and thereafter the start of the Snaefell Mountain section. The S-bend corners at Tower Bends were part of the Highland Course and the Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy car races held between 1904 and 1922. Tower Bends is now part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the TT and 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix races. During a Royal visit to the Isle of Man by Queen Victoria and Albert, Prince Consort aboard the Royal Yacht HMY Victoria and Albert on 20 September 1847, the Prince Consort",
"title": "Tower Bends"
},
{
"id": "9626256",
"text": "marker post or \"11th Milestone\" road marker for the Snaefell Mountain Course has been placed at Cronk Bane Farmhouse on the Cronk-y-Voddy straight. 11th Milestone, Isle of Man 11th Milestone, Isle of Man (previously 'Drinkwater's Bend') is situated between the 11th and 12th Milestone racing road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the primary A3 Castletown to Ramsey Road which forms the boundary between the parishes of German and Michael in the Isle of Man. The distinctive elongated S-bend corner was part of the Highland Course and Four Inch Course used",
"title": "11th Milestone, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "13118997",
"text": "the removal of the East Snaefell Mountain sheep-gate. The Mountain Mile was part of the Highland Course and Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy car races held between 1904 and 1922, since 1911 for the TT, and from 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix races. Mountain Mile The Mountain Mile is a 1.3 mile (2.09 km) section of a purpose-built graded road situated between the 27th and 29th Milestone roadside markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT and Manx Grand Prix races on the A18 Mountain Road in",
"title": "Mountain Mile"
},
{
"id": "16751697",
"text": "the Clypse Course for the Isle of Man TT races between 1954 and 1959. It is also part of the Willaston Circuit used for cycle racing, classic car racing and used as part of timed special stage for the Rally Isle of Man. For the 1954 Isle of Man TT races, the approach to Governor's Bridge including \"The Nook\" corner on the A18 Bemahauge Road was widened to accommodate the re-introduced Sidecar TT on the Clypse Course. The Department of Transport announced a proposal to build a new section of road for the Mountain Course with a link road from",
"title": "The Nook, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "2409119",
"text": "'Ramsey Forest' project aims to increase the tree cover in this area and connect areas of woodland. Ramsey is the northern terminus of the Manx Electric Railway and is the start of the mountain section of the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the annual Isle of Man TT and Manx Grand Prix motorcycle races. A popular vantage point is Ramsey Hairpin, where enthusiasts gather to watch the racers. Another popular spot is Parliament Square in the middle of town. There are also opportunities for walking, cycling, kayaking, and other outdoor activities. The Millennium Way footpath ends from the centre of",
"title": "Ramsey, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "1232590",
"text": "part of the race schedule since 1989. At the TT races there is usually one week of practice and one week of racing. Historically there was an early morning practice session from 05:00–07:30 am but this was discontinued from the 2004 races. During an early morning practice at the 1927 Isle of Man TT, Archie Birkin, brother of Tim Birkin of the Bentley Boys, was killed at Rhencullen. From 1928 practice sessions for the Isle of Man TT Races and Manx Grand Prix were held on closed roads. Evening practice sessions were introduced for the 1937 Isle of Man TT",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "8469000",
"text": ", from the startline at the TT Grandstand on Glencrutchery Road (A2 Ramsey to Douglas) in the island's main town of Douglas. After negotiating urban streets, the racing circuit turns right to leave Douglas at Quarter Bridge, then proceeds along the A1 Douglas to Peel road through the villages of Braddan, Union Mills, Glen Vine, Crosby, and Greeba. The course then turns right at Ballacraine on to the A3 Castletown to Ramsey road, firstly through countryside glens followed by agricultural land interspersed by the villages of Kirk Michael, Ballaugh and Sulby, finally intersecting with the A18 Snaefell mountain road after",
"title": "Isle of Man TT Mountain Course"
},
{
"id": "12315146",
"text": "Man TT with a Lightweight TT and Ultra-Lightweight TT race, used the Billown Circuit to host Isle of Man TT races as part of the 2008 National Road Race meeting. The lap record for the Billown Circuit is 2 minutes 12.735 seconds at an average speed of 115.267 mph set by Michael Dunlop during the 2017 races. Billown Circuit The Billown Circuit is a motorcycle road-race course used for the Southern 100, the Pre-TT Classic races and the National Road Races meetings near Castletown on the Isle of Man. Racing is held on public roads closed for racing by an",
"title": "Billown Circuit"
},
{
"id": "7158281",
"text": "employed 629 people in 2016. In 2016 an estimated 135,000 tourists stayed in paid accommodation on the island; in addition, almost 100,000 stayed with friends or family, and there were almost 60,000 business visitors including day trippers. Despite the historical decline in tourism, many tourists visit the island for the famous TT races (about 45,000 in 2017), and for its rolling countryside and its beautiful coastline. Tourism in the Isle of Man Tourism in the Isle of Man refers to the tourism industry of the Isle of Man, which has been an important element in the economy for over a",
"title": "Tourism in the Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "14585724",
"text": "Tower Bends Tower Bends (in ) is a point on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the Snaefell Mountain Road, designated A18, in the parish of Maughold in the Isle of Man. Following soon after Waterworks and continuing the climb out of Ramsey town in the direction taken by race competitors, it is a sequence of bends at an elevation of 400 feet (122 metres) above sea level at the 25th Milestone road-side marker on the 37+ mile circuitous-course, measured from the startline at the TT Grandstand. After Tower Bends, the climb continues",
"title": "Tower Bends"
},
{
"id": "9463575",
"text": "Laps (107.90 miles) Clypse Course. 10 Laps (107.90 miles) Clypse Course. Friday 18 June 1958 – 7 Laps (274.11 miles) Mountain Course. 1958 Isle of Man TT The Isle of Man Tourist Trophy races have a long (hundred-year plus) history thanks in part to the demanding 37 mile high-speed track plus Mountain Course (with a seemingly never-ending series of bends, bumps, jumps, stone walls, manhole covers and telegraph poles) which - needless to say - requires high levels of skill and concentration. Held annually in the last week of May for practice and the first week of June for racing",
"title": "1958 Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "12408242",
"text": "1911 the Four Inch Course for automobiles was first used by the Auto-Cycling Union for the Isle of Man TT motorcycle races. This included the revised Brandywell Corner and the course later became known as the 37.73 mile Isle of Man TT Mountain Course which has been used since 1911 for the Isle of Man TT Races and from 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix races. For timed special stages for the Rally Isle of Man and Manx Rally including the former Manx International Rally and Manx Trophy Rally' the area of Brandywell and Brandywell Cottage for motor-sport spectators is",
"title": "Brandywell, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "17755856",
"text": "2014 Isle of Man TT The 2014 Isle of Man TT Festival was held between Saturday 24 May and Friday 6 June 2014 on the 37.73-mile Isle of Man TT Mountain Course. The main races were six solo motorcycle races and two sidecar races. The festival also included Pre-TT Classic Races held on 23, 24 & 26 May 2014 at the Billown Circuit in Castletown. Post-TT races scheduled for 7 June 2014 were cancelled by race organisers on safety grounds due to a thunderstorm and heavy overnight rain. The blue ribbon event of the 2014 races, the Senior TT, was",
"title": "2014 Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "1232571",
"text": "on-site account of the 2003 race by \"Sports Illustrated\" writer Franz Lidz called the spectacle \"38 Miles of Terror... a test of nerves and speed that may be sport's most dangerous event.\" In 1976, the Isle of Man TT lost its world championship status; this was transferred to the United Kingdom by the FIM and run as the British Grand Motor-Cycle Grand Prix for the 1977 season. The Isle of Man TT Races then became an integral part of the new style TT Formula 1, Formula 2 and Formula 3 World Championships between 1977 and 1990 to develop and maintain",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "13203762",
"text": "1908 and 1922, and part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the TT and from 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix races. The Engineering Work Section, Highways Division of the Department of Transport has a depot at Glen Duff, including a storage facility known as the \"igloo\", for road salt treatments during the winter. Glen Duff Glen Duff (from ) is a point on the Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT and Manx Grand Prix races situated between the 21st and 22nd Milestone road-side markers on the 37+ mile circuitous road-race course, measured from",
"title": "Glen Duff"
},
{
"id": "15158170",
"text": "Hailwood's Height Hailwood's Height, preceded by \"Hailwood's Rise\", is situated between the 31st and 32nd Milestone road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT Races on the A18 Snaefell Mountain Road in the parishes of Lezayre and Lonan in the Isle of Man. The uphill section of the Mountain Course from the Bungalow to the highest point of the course at Ordnance Survey spot height above sea level near Brandywell was named \"Hailwood's Rise\" in memory of Mike Hailwood, the former world motorcycle champion who died in 1981. The highest point of the course",
"title": "Hailwood's Height"
},
{
"id": "16751698",
"text": "The Nook to Governor's Bridge using parts of the pre-existing A18 Bemahague Road. This road widening scheme occurred between February and April 2008 with the removal of trees on the Bemahague Estate which includes Government House, the official residence of the Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man. The Isle of Man TT Races and Manx Grand Prix continued to use the original A18 Bemahauge Road that runs parallel to the new link road from The Nook to the \"Governor's Dip\" for motor-cycle racing. The Nook, Isle of Man The Nook (Middle English: a corner or recess) is situated on",
"title": "The Nook, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "13068360",
"text": "Ballaspur Ballaspur () is situated between the 7th and 8th Milestone road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the A3 Castletown to Ramsey road in the parish of German in the Isle of Man. Ballaspur has become known for the spectacular crash of Manxman Richard 'Milky' Quayle in 2003 who caught the roadside to the left, impacting heavily to the right after losing control at high speed. Ballaspur was part of the Highland Course and Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy car races held between",
"title": "Ballaspur"
},
{
"id": "9003670",
"text": "Signpost Corner, Isle of Man Signpost Corner, Isle of Man is a former temporary motor-cycle race signal station, located on the A18 Snaefell Mountain Road with the road junction with the A39 Hillberry Road / B11 Avondale Road in the parish of Onchan in the Isle of Man. The name derives from a signal station for the Isle of Man TT races and Manx Grand Prix. The signal station at Signpost Corner was connected to the Race Scoreboards located in Glencrutchery Road in Douglas by a telephone land-line. Race Officials would then instruct local Scouts on the Scoreboards to switch",
"title": "Signpost Corner, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "10429240",
"text": "it precedes The Bungalow, a major viewing point and visitor attraction on the TT course. The Verandah series of bends follows the land contours of Snaefell mountain as an embankment with a purpose-built graded road section and reflects nineteenth-century highway and railway construction practices. The Verandah area nearby Stonebreakers Hut was part of the Highland Course and Four Inch Course used for the Gordon Bennett Trial and Tourist Trophy automobile car races held in the Isle of Man between 1904 and 1911. Also, the Verandah is part of the Snaefell Mountain Course used since 1911 for the Isle of Man",
"title": "Verandah, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "11982588",
"text": "Gooseneck, Isle of Man Gooseneck, Isle of Man (in ), is an acute uphill right-bend on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the TT motorcycle races between the 25th and 26th Milestone racing road-side markers, on the 37+ mile circuitous-course, measured from the startline at the TT Grandstand. It is situated on the Snaefell Mountain Road, designated A18, a main two-way thoughfare from Ramsey to Douglas with an adjacent side-road junction for the minor D28 Hibernia Road, in the parish of Maughold in the Isle of Man. An historic location on the TT race course after the climb up from",
"title": "Gooseneck, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "9003673",
"text": "TT Course from the Nook to Governor’s Bridge. The Signpost Corner section of the TT Course is used as part of timed special stages for the former Manx International Rally and Rally Isle of Man. In recent years the race signal station has been moved to a preceding position on the Isle of Man TT Mountain Course at Cronk-ny-Mona as average race speeds have increased. The section of the TT Course between Signpost Corner and Bedstead Corner was widened during the winter of 1953/54 and the road re-profiled. Signpost Corner, Isle of Man Signpost Corner, Isle of Man is a",
"title": "Signpost Corner, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "1232596",
"text": "June: Wednesday 10 June: Friday 12 June: The section of the primary A18 Snaefell Mountain Road from Ramsey Hairpin (Barrule Park, Ramsey) to Creg-ny-Baa was to close for the race periods 45 minutes before the rest of the course (30 minutes from the Bungalow). After the completion of a practice or race period, an official course vehicle displaying the notice \"Roads Open\" proceeds around the Mountain Course, passing each point opening the roads including side-access junctions to public use. On the Snaefell mountain road section from Ramsey to Douglas, the official vehicle displays the notice \"Roads Open One Way.\" The",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "14585759",
"text": "Waterworks, Isle of Man Waterworks, Isle of Man, sometimes known as Waterworks Corner, is a point on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the Snaefell Mountain Road, designated as A18, in the parish of Maughold in the Isle of Man. Following soon after Ramsey Hairpin, it is sequence of two right-hand bends in the direction taken by race competitors, situated at an elevation of 380 feet (116 metres) above sea level after the climb out of Ramsey town, and slightly before the 25th Milestone road-side marker on the 37+ mile circuitous-course, measured from",
"title": "Waterworks, Isle of Man"
},
{
"id": "1232568",
"text": "and mudguards. From 1911 the Isle of Man TT transferred to the much longer Snaefell Mountain Course of 37.40 miles (current length 37.73 miles). The race programme developed from a single race with two classes for the 1907 Isle of Man TT, expanding in 1911 to two individual races for the 350cc Junior TT motor-cycles and the Blue Riband event the 500cc Senior TT race. The race did not take place from 1915 to 1919 due to the First World War. It resumed in 1920. A 250cc Lightweight TT race was added to the Isle of Man TT programme in",
"title": "Isle of Man TT"
},
{
"id": "7147999",
"text": "Manx TT Super Bike Manx TT Super Bike is a 1995 arcade racing game developed jointly by Sega AM3 and Sega-AM4. It was later ported to the Sega Saturn by Tantalus Interactive and to Windows by Perfect Entertainment. It is a motorcycle racing game built for the Sega Model 2 arcade board. Up to 8 players can race in this game if enough cabinets are linked together, following on from \"Daytona USA\". The game's setting is the Isle of Man TT - the world-famous and demanding motorcycle racing event held on the Isle of Man. There are two courses to",
"title": "Manx TT Super Bike"
},
{
"id": "8469035",
"text": "occurred at the 26th Milestone during the 2007 Isle of Man TT Centenary races on lap 5 of the Senior race resulting in the deaths of a competitor and two visiting spectators. After a series of safety reviews, a number of measures were introduced after the 2007 Isle of Man TT races including introduction of restricted areas, safety fencing and the continued introduction of air-fencing to corners. Isle of Man TT Mountain Course The Isle of Man TT Mountain Course or \"TT Course\" is a motor-cycle road- racing circuit located in the Isle of Man. The motor-cycle \"TT Course\" is",
"title": "Isle of Man TT Mountain Course"
},
{
"id": "12508575",
"text": "Races and 1923 for the Manx Grand Prix. The nearby area is mainly farmland with the nearby summits of Beary Mountain (311 m), Greeba Mountain (422 m) and Slieau Whallian (333 m). It is in the parish of German in the Isle of Man. Ballacraine Ballacraine (), also known as Ballacraine Corner, is one of the named corners of the Snaefell Mountain Course, the motorcycle racing course of the Isle of Man TT and Manx Grand Prix. Ballacraine is at approximately 7.65 miles into the 37.7 mile course. Here, at the east end of St John's village, the course takes",
"title": "Ballacraine"
},
{
"id": "8780485",
"text": "km) circuit was too dangerous for international competition. His friend Gilberto Parlotti was killed during the event. Many riders followed Agostini's boycotting of the next 4 events, and after the 1976 season, the Isle of Man TT was scratched from the FIM calendar. The inaugural 1977 British motorcycle Grand Prix, the first motorcycle grand prix to be held on the British mainland, took place at the Silverstone Circuit. The event moved to Donington Park in 1987, and back to Silverstone in 2010. Dorna Sports, the commercial rights holder of what is now known as MotoGP, revealed that they had signed",
"title": "British motorcycle Grand Prix"
},
{
"id": "11437176",
"text": "Highlander, Isle of Man Highlander (in – \"The Broken Church\") is situated between the 5th and 6th Milestone road-side markers on the Snaefell Mountain Course used for the Isle of Man TT races on the primary A1 Douglas to Peel road in the parish of Marown in the Isle of Man. The site of a former coaching station, then a restaurant and now a private residence, it is situated in the main Douglas to Peel central valley, where the River Dhoo and the former Douglas to Peel railway line run parallel to the A1 main road. The nearby area is",
"title": "Highlander, Isle of Man"
}
] | where is the tt isle of man held |
|
| [
{
"id": "200840",
"text": "sinless, or conceived without original sin, has been widely held since Late Antiquity, the doctrine was not dogmatically defined in the Catholic Church until 1854 when Pope Pius IX, declared \"ex cathedra\", i.e., using papal infallibility, in his papal bull \"Ineffabilis Deus\", the Immaculate Conception to be doctrine. The Catholic Church celebrates the Feast of the Immaculate Conception on December 8; in many Catholic countries, it is a holy day of obligation or patronal feast, and in some a national public holiday. The defined dogma of the Immaculate Conception states: The definition concerns original sin only, and it makes no",
"title": "Immaculate Conception"
},
{
"id": "3012252",
"text": "States. In 1854, Pope Pius IX, with the support of the overwhelming majority of Catholic bishops, whom he had consulted from 1851 to 1853, proclaimed the Immaculate Conception as a Dogma in the Catholic Church. In 1870, the First Vatican Council affirmed the doctrine of papal infallibility when exercised in specifically defined pronouncements. Controversy over this and other issues resulted in a breakaway movement called the Old Catholic Church. The Italian unification of the 1860s incorporated the Papal States, including Rome itself from 1870, into the Kingdom of Italy, thus ending the papacy's millennial temporal power. Pope Pius IX rejected",
"title": "Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "12000886",
"text": "presented the basic elements of the Catholic faith in a more understandable, pastoral language, without changing the teachings of the Church. The last two dogmas were pronounced by Popes, Pope Pius IX in 1854 and Pope Pius XII in 1950 on the Immaculate Conception and the assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary respectively. They are cornerstones of mariology To some, this raises the question, why dogmas are formulated almost 2000 years after the resurrection of Christ. It is Catholic teaching that, with Christ and the Apostles, revelation is completed. Dogmas issued after the death of his apostles are not new,",
"title": "Dogma in the Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "5065051",
"text": "perpetual virginity of Mary or the virgin birth of Jesus; for this dogma refers to the conception of Mary by her mother, Saint Anne and not the conception of Jesus. The feast of the Immaculate Conception, celebrated on December 8, was established in 1476 by Pope Sixtus IV, but the dogmatic definition was performed by Pope Pius IX in his constitution \"Ineffabilis Deus\", on December 8, 1854. The dogmatic definition in \"Ineffabilis Deus\" (which is Latin for \"Ineffable God\"), was made \"ex cathedra\" by the exercise of papal authority by Pope Pius IX. The dogma states that Mary possessed sanctifying",
"title": "Catholic Mariology"
},
{
"id": "7039844",
"text": "Munificentissimus Deus Munificentissimus Deus () is the name of an Apostolic constitution written by Pope Pius XII. It defines \"ex cathedra\" the dogma of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It was the first \"ex-cathedra\" infallible statement since the official ruling on papal infallibility was made at the First Vatican Council (1869–1870). In 1854 Pope Pius IX made an infallible statement with \"Ineffabilis Deus\" on the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, which was a basis for this dogma. The decree was promulgated on 1 November 1950. On 1 November 1950, invoking his dogmatic authority, Pope Pius XII defined",
"title": "Munificentissimus Deus"
},
{
"id": "8163392",
"text": "Ineffabilis Deus Ineffabilis Deus (Latin for \"Ineffable God\") is an apostolic constitution by Pope Pius IX. It defines the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The decree was promulgated on December 8, 1854, the date of the annual Feast of the Immaculate Conception. Mary's immaculate conception is one of only two pronouncements that were made ex cathedra (the other in \"Munificentissimus Deus\" regarding the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin) and is therefore considered by the Catholic Church to be infallible through the extraordinary magisterium. Pius takes note that Early Church Fathers, such as Irenaeus, compared Eve",
"title": "Ineffabilis Deus"
},
{
"id": "12174321",
"text": "monasteries and churches. Before the council, in 1854 Pope Pius IX with the support of the overwhelming majority of Catholic Bishops, whom he had consulted between 1851–1853, proclaimed the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. Eight years earlier, in 1846, the Pope had granted the unanimous wish of the bishops from the United States, and declared the Immaculata the patron of the USA. During First Vatican Council, some 108 council fathers requested to add the words \"Immaculate Virgin\" to the Hail Mary. Some fathers requested, the dogma of the Immaculate Conception to be included in the Creed of the Church, which",
"title": "History of the Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "11935880",
"text": "was able to build.\" Mariology in the 19th century was dominated by discussions about the dogmatic definition of the Immaculate Conception and the First Vatican Council. In 1854, Pope Pius IX, with the support of the overwhelming majority of Roman Catholic Bishops, whom he had consulted between 1851–1853, proclaimed the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, which had been a traditional belief among the faithful for centuries. Eight years earlier, in 1846, the Pope had granted the unanimous wish of the bishops from the United States, and declared the Immaculata the patron of the USA. During the First Vatican Council, some",
"title": "History of Catholic Mariology"
},
{
"id": "11808624",
"text": "Fulgens corona Fulgens corona (\"Radiant Crown\") is an encyclical by Pope Pius XII, given at St. Peter's Rome, on 8 September 1953, on the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the fifteenth year of his Pontificate. The encyclical proclaims a Marian year for 1954, to commemorate the centenary of the definition of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. \"Fulgens corona\" is significant as it contained the mariological methodology of Pope Pius XII and his views on limits and challenges of mariology. In September 1953, Pope Pius XII inaugurated the Roman Catholic Church's First",
"title": "Fulgens corona"
},
{
"id": "319794",
"text": "the course of her earthly life, was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory.\" The dogma was preceded by the 1946 encyclical \"Deiparae Virginis Mariae\", which requested all Catholic bishops to express their opinion on a possible dogmatization. On 8 September 1953, the encyclical \"Fulgens corona\" announced a Marian year for 1954, the centennial of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception. In the encyclical Ad caeli reginam he promulgated the Queenship of Mary feast. \"Mystici corporis\" summarizes his mariology. On 15 August 1954, the Feast of the Assumption, he initiated the practice of leading the Angelus every Sunday before address",
"title": "Pope Pius XII"
},
{
"id": "8163396",
"text": "stain of sin, as though fashioned by the Holy Spirit and formed as a new creature.\" Ineffabilis Deus Ineffabilis Deus (Latin for \"Ineffable God\") is an apostolic constitution by Pope Pius IX. It defines the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The decree was promulgated on December 8, 1854, the date of the annual Feast of the Immaculate Conception. Mary's immaculate conception is one of only two pronouncements that were made ex cathedra (the other in \"Munificentissimus Deus\" regarding the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin) and is therefore considered by the Catholic Church to be infallible",
"title": "Ineffabilis Deus"
},
{
"id": "12020018",
"text": "new Immaculate Conception Cathedral was built in Manila, Philippines and the Basilica of Our Lady of Candelaria in Tenerife, Spain. During this period key Marian papal encyclicals and Apostolic Letters were issued and Pope Pius X and Pope Pius XII both took major steps in establishing new Marian dogmas. The encyclical \"Ad diem illum\" of Pope Pius X commemorated the fiftieth anniversary of the dogma of Immaculate Conception, and Pope Pius XII issued the Apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus to define \"ex cathedra\" the dogma of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. More recently, Pope John Paul II's encyclical Redemptoris",
"title": "Catholic Marian church buildings"
},
{
"id": "15072887",
"text": "two separate factors had combined forces to support the approval of a dogma for Immaculate Conception. On one hand, the theological arguments had been further refined and gained popularity so that for about a century before its dogmatic definition, almost the entire Church believed the Immaculate Conception. And it was largely in recognition of the existing sensus fidei in its regard, witnessed to by the majority of Roman Catholic bishops, that Pope Pius IX declared it a dogma in \"Ineffabilis Deus\". This greatly helped the spread of devotions and consecrations to the Immaculata. In the early part of the 20th",
"title": "Consecration and entrustment to Mary"
},
{
"id": "7039845",
"text": "the dogma: Pope Pius XII's previous encyclical \"Deiparae Virginis Mariae\" (1 May 1946) to all Catholic bishops stated that for a long time past, numerous petitions had been received from cardinals, patriarchs, archbishops, bishops, priests, religious of both sexes, associations, universities and innumerable private persons, all begging that the bodily Assumption into heaven of the Blessed Virgin should be defined and proclaimed as a dogma of faith. This was also fervently requested by almost two hundred fathers in the Vatican Council (1869–1870). Following the example of Pope Pius IX, who canvassed Catholic bishops before proclaiming the dogma of the Immaculate",
"title": "Munificentissimus Deus"
},
{
"id": "14730842",
"text": "Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception The Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception or Pontifical Academy of (Mary) Immaculate, , was an academic honorary society established in Rome by the Catholic Church for the advancement of the Marian dogma of Immaculate Conception. The Academy was established in 1835 and in 1847 was recognised by the Holy See as \"The Academy of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary\". Seven years later, in 1854, Pope Pius IX proclaimed the Immaculate Conception as a dogma of faith which gave the new academy additional legitimacy and purpose. 4 December 2012: with the \"Rescritto",
"title": "Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception"
},
{
"id": "3012178",
"text": "of the Immaculate Conception (her own conception without the stain of original sin) and the Assumption of Mary (that her body was assumed directly into heaven at the end of her life). Both of these doctrines were defined as infallible dogma, by Pope Pius IX in 1854 and Pope Pius XII in 1950 respectively, but only after consulting with the Catholic bishops throughout the world to ascertain that this is a Catholic belief. Devotions to Mary are part of Catholic piety but are distinct from the worship of God. Practices include prayers and Marian art, music, and architecture. Several liturgical",
"title": "Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "16911560",
"text": "redeemed from the moment of her conception. That is what the dogma of the Immaculate Conception confesses, as Pope Pius IX proclaimed in 1854: The most Blessed Virgin Mary was, from the first moment of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege of almighty God and by virtue of the merits of Jesus Christ, Savior of the human race, preserved immune from all stain of original sin.135 Then procession intended to promote religious catechism through publicly parading images outside the Manila cathedral was on the Feast of the Immaculate Conception. The parade is oftentimes televised by various local Filipino",
"title": "Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception"
},
{
"id": "11935885",
"text": "in the first year of his pontificate, Pope Pius X celebrated the previous century's proclamation of the dogma of Immaculate Conception with the encyclical \"Ad diem illum\". In 1950, the dogma of the Assumption was defined by Pope Pius XII. The Second Vatican Council spoke of Mary as \"Mother of the Church\". Fifteen hundred years after the Council of Ephesus, Pope Pius XI issued the encyclical \"Lux Veritatis\", reminding the Orthodox Christians of the common faith. He presided over a Mariological congress in 1931. Mariology in the 20th century reflected an increased membership in Roman Catholic Marian Movements and Societies.",
"title": "History of Catholic Mariology"
},
{
"id": "334948",
"text": "and for being a dangerous rival to Della Rovere dynastic ambitions in the Marche, Sixtus placed Venice under interdict in 1483. He also lined the coffers of the state by unscrupulously selling high offices and privileges. In ecclesiastical affairs, Sixtus promoted the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, which had been confirmed at the Council of Basle in 1439, and he designated 8 December as its feastday. In 1476, he issued the apostolic constitution \"Cum Praeexcelsa\", establishing a Mass and Office for the feast. He formally annulled the decrees of the Council of Constance in 1478. The two papal bulls issued",
"title": "Pope Sixtus IV"
},
{
"id": "16911559",
"text": "held in Intramuros began on December 8, 1619 and lasted for fifteen days. Throughout the centuries of Spanish colonial rule, the practice varied between the days when the procession was held. Today, the group is specifically known for conducting yearly novena services and a \"Intramuros Grand Marian Procession\", which is an annual public parade and floral celebration of some of the select and most prominent Marian images in the country. The dogma of the Catholic Church on the Immaculate Conception,was declared in 1854.Through the centuries the Church has become ever more aware that Mary, \"full of grace\" through God,134 was",
"title": "Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception"
},
{
"id": "12017104",
"text": "established an iconography that influenced artists such as Murillo, Diego Velázquez and others. This style of representation of the immaculate Conception then spread to the rest of Europe, and has since remained the usual depiction. The dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception was performed by Pope Pius IX in his Apostolic Constitution \"Ineffabilis Deus\", in 1854. The dogma gained additional significance from the apparitions of Our Lady of Lourdes in 1858, with the lady in the apparition identifying herself as \"the Immaculate Conception\" and the faithful believing her to be the Blessed Virgin Mary. From an art historical perspective, the depiction",
"title": "Marian art in the Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "11989854",
"text": "Ad diem illum Ad diem illum laetissimum is an encyclical of Pope Pius X, on the Immaculate Conception dated 2 February 1904, in the first year of his Pontificate. It is issued in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the dogma of the Immaculate conception. The first reason for Pius to write the encyclical was his desire to restore of all things in Christ, which he had defined as his motto in his first encyclical letter. It explains the Mariology of Pius X. Pius states that \"...nobody ever knew Christ so profoundly as she did, and nobody can ever be",
"title": "Ad diem illum"
},
{
"id": "11948638",
"text": "a commission of cardinals to finalize the text. It also influenced the eventual promulgation of the dogma of the Assumption. Pius IX's approach of seeking collegial consensus was quoted by Pope Pius XII, when in \"Deiparae Virginis Mariae\", he inquired of the bishops about a possible dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. It was not until 1854 that Pius IX, with the support of the overwhelming majority of Roman Catholic Bishops, proclaimed the Immaculate Conception. Eight years earlier, in 1846, the Pope had granted the unanimous wish of the bishops from the United States, and declared the Immaculata",
"title": "Mariology of the popes"
},
{
"id": "19268901",
"text": "The Immaculate Conception (Tiepolo) The Immaculate Conception is a painting by Italian painter Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (16961770). It represents the Immaculate Conception, a tradition of the Catholic Church stating that the Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin. The painting was commissioned in 1767, at a time when the Immaculate Conception was already a common theme in art, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception (8 December) having been restored to the Calendar of Saints in 1708, though its theology would not be definitely settled as dogma until Pope Pius IX's declaration in 1854. The painting was one of seven altarpieces",
"title": "The Immaculate Conception (Tiepolo)"
},
{
"id": "14730843",
"text": "ex Audientia SS.mi\" Pope Benedict XVI unified the Academy with the Pontifical Academy of Mary. Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception The Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception or Pontifical Academy of (Mary) Immaculate, , was an academic honorary society established in Rome by the Catholic Church for the advancement of the Marian dogma of Immaculate Conception. The Academy was established in 1835 and in 1847 was recognised by the Holy See as \"The Academy of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary\". Seven years later, in 1854, Pope Pius IX proclaimed the Immaculate Conception as a dogma of faith",
"title": "Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception"
},
{
"id": "11808632",
"text": "worldwide special prayers, that the sacred rights which are proper to the Church, and which the very exercise of human and civil liberty demands, may be openly and sincerely recognized by all. Fulgens corona Fulgens corona (\"Radiant Crown\") is an encyclical by Pope Pius XII, given at St. Peter's Rome, on 8 September 1953, on the Feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the fifteenth year of his Pontificate. The encyclical proclaims a Marian year for 1954, to commemorate the centenary of the definition of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. \"Fulgens corona\" is",
"title": "Fulgens corona"
},
{
"id": "12096958",
"text": "Ubi primum (Pius IX, 1849) Ubi primum is an encyclical of Pope Pius IX to the bishops of the Catholic Church asking them for opinion on the definition of a dogma on the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. It was issued on February 2, 1849 In the 19th century, the veneration of the Immaculata increased in several countries especially France and the United States, where the Catholic bishops petitioned Pope Pius IX in 1846 to declare the Immaculate Virgin to be the Patron for the United States of America. Regarding a possible dogma, Pius IX created a commission of",
"title": "Ubi primum (Pius IX, 1849)"
},
{
"id": "12000883",
"text": "It is considered to be an expression of an objective truth that does not change. The truth of God, revealed by God, does not change, as God himself does not change; \"Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away\". However, truths of the faith have been declared dogmatically throughout the ages. The instance of a Pope doing this outside an Ecumenical Council is rare, though there were two instances in recent times: the Immaculate Conception of Mary in 1854 and the Assumption of Mary into heaven in 1950. A Pope cannot make infallible proclamations without",
"title": "Dogma in the Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "11948671",
"text": "Heart of Jesus, Pope Paul VI moved the celebration of the Queenship of Mary from 31 May to 22 August, bringing it into association with the feast of her Assumption. In several encyclicals and apostolic letters to the people of Poland and other countries behind the Iron curtain, he expressed certainty, that the Blessed Virgin Mary would triumph over her enemies. On September 8, 1953, the encyclical \"Fulgens corona\" announced a Marian year for 1954, the centennial of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception. Pope Pius XII left open the Mediatrix question, the role of the Virgin in the salvation",
"title": "Mariology of the popes"
},
{
"id": "11960200",
"text": "faith. These include belief in her virginal conception of Jesus, taught by the First Council of Nicaea in 325. The Council of Ephesus in 431 applied to her the description \"Mother of God\", (\"Theotokos\"). The perpetual virginity of Mary was taught by the ecumenical Second Council of Constantinople in 553, which described her as \"ever virgin\", and was expressed also, by the Lateran synod of October 649, The doctrine of the Immaculate Conception states that from the first moment of her existence Mary was without original sin. This doctrine was proclaimed a dogma \"ex cathedra\" by Pope Pius IX in",
"title": "Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "648512",
"text": "\"Deutsche Katholische Gesellschaft\" in Germany all tried to bring the Catholic faith in its fullness to people outside of the church. Marian doctrines featured prominently in 19th-century theology, especially the issue of the Immaculate Conception of Mary. During his pontificate, petitions increased requesting the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception. In 1848 Pius appointed a theological commission to analyse the possibility for a Marian dogma. On 8 December 1854 he promulgated the apostolic constitution \"Ineffabilis Deus\" is an Apostolic constitution defining the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Pius issued a record 38 encyclicals. They include: On",
"title": "Pope Pius IX"
},
{
"id": "11948633",
"text": "15, 1673 and outlawed some manifestations of Marian devotions. Several bulls supported the frequent citing of the rosary. Pope Clement XI (1700–1721) prepared the groundwork for the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. He permitted the title “Immaculate Conception” and instructed the Holy Office in 1712 not to persecute anyone invoking Mary using this title. The Feast of the Immaculate Conception, which existed only regionally, was prescribed for the whole Church. The Pope recommended the teachings and piety of Louis de Montfort and named him \"“Apostolic Missionary of France”\" On October 3, 1716, Clement XI extended the feast of Our Lady",
"title": "Mariology of the popes"
},
{
"id": "1831369",
"text": "Hughes became an archbishop on July 19, 1850, when the diocese was elevated to the status of archdiocese by Pope Pius IX. As archbishop, Hughes became the metropolitan for the Catholic bishops serving all the dioceses established in the entire Northeastern United States. He convened the first meeting of the Ecclesiastical Province of New York in September 1854. After this he traveled to Rome, where he was present at the proclamation of the Immaculate Conception as a dogma of the Catholic Church by Pope Pius. Hughes served as President Lincoln's semiofficial envoy to the Vatican and to France in later",
"title": "John Hughes (archbishop of New York)"
},
{
"id": "4239913",
"text": "the first instance of formal definition of the dogma. In the ordinary form of the Roman Rite, when 8 December falls on Sunday, the feast of the Immaculate Conception is celebrated on 9 December. Where the Tridentine Mass and Office are celebrated, the Class I feast is still celebrated on 8 December, with the Sunday Mass and Office being merely commemorated. The solemnity is an official public holiday in the following sovereign countries and territories: In León, Nicaragua, the solemnity is celebrated with local parades and religious processions. It is considered Mother's day in Panama. In Spain, since 1760, the",
"title": "Feast of the Immaculate Conception"
},
{
"id": "4102942",
"text": "Scotism Scotism is the name given to the philosophical and theological system or school named after Blessed John Duns Scotus. The word comes from the name of its originator, whose Opus Oxoniense was one of the most important documents in medieval philosophy and Roman Catholic theology, defining what would later be declared the Dogma of the Immaculate conception by Pope Pius IX in his constitution \"Ineffabilis Deus\" on 8 December 1854. Scotism developed out of the Old Franciscan School, which dominated theology during the Middle Ages. This school of thought initially followed Augustinism which dominated theology at the time. Scotus",
"title": "Scotism"
},
{
"id": "11655423",
"text": "Vatican Council (1869–1870). Following the example of Pope Pius IX, who with his encyclical Ubi Primum canvassed Catholic bishops before proclaiming the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, Pius XII asks all bishops for their opinion. Deiparae Virginis Mariae Deiparae Virginis Mariae (1 May 1946) is an encyclical of Pope Pius XII to all Catholic bishops on the possibility of defining the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary as a dogma of faith. The encyclical states that for a long time numerous petitions have been received from cardinals, patriarchs, archbishops, bishops, priests, religious of both sexes, associations, universities and innumerable private",
"title": "Deiparae Virginis Mariae"
},
{
"id": "13955651",
"text": "Paul II visited the shrine during an apostolic journey. Among the Popes who have honored Our Lady of Luján are Clement XI, Clement XIV, Pius VI, Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius XI, Pius XII, and John Paul II. In 1824, Fr. John Mastai Ferretti visited the shrine on his way to Chile. He later became Pope Pius IX and defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception on December 8, 1854. Because of the reputation of the shrine, Pope Leo XIII decided in 1886 to honor the miraculous statue with a Canonical Coronation. On September 30 of that year, he blessed",
"title": "Our Lady of Luján"
},
{
"id": "4239910",
"text": "future years by the faithful. Furthermore, the pontiff requested that the papal bull be notarized in the Holy See to be further copied and reproduced for dissemination. Prior to Pope Pius IX's definition of the Immaculate Conception as a Roman Catholic dogma in 1854, most missals referred to it as the Feast of the Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The festal texts of this period focused more on the action of her conception than on the theological question of her preservation from original sin. A missal published in England in 1806 indicates the same Collect for the feast of",
"title": "Feast of the Immaculate Conception"
},
{
"id": "311901",
"text": "proclaimed the dogma of papal infallibility for those rare occasions the pope speaks \"ex cathedra\" when issuing a solemn definition of faith or morals. Later the same year, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy seized Rome from the pope's control and substantially completed the Italian unification. In 1929, the Lateran Treaty between the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy See established Vatican City as an independent city-state, guaranteeing papal independence from secular rule. In 1950, Pope Pius XII defined the Assumption of Mary as dogma, the only time that a pope has spoken \"ex cathedra\" since papal infallibility was explicitly declared.",
"title": "Pope"
},
{
"id": "11989861",
"text": "the more free from all stain of original sin because she was to be the mother of Christ; and she was the mother of Christ so that the hope of everlasting happiness might be born again in our souls Ad diem illum Ad diem illum laetissimum is an encyclical of Pope Pius X, on the Immaculate Conception dated 2 February 1904, in the first year of his Pontificate. It is issued in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the dogma of the Immaculate conception. The first reason for Pius to write the encyclical was his desire to restore of all",
"title": "Ad diem illum"
},
{
"id": "2249222",
"text": "outfit the newest ordained priest in the diocese. Discouraged by constant conflict with religiously and racially prejudiced people, as well as the anti-Catholic riots and arson of religious buildings, Neumann wrote to Rome asking to be replaced as bishop, but Pope Pius IX insisted that he continue. In 1854, Neumann traveled to Rome and was present at St. Peter's Basilica on December 8, along with 53 cardinals, 139 other bishops, and thousands of priests and laity, when Pius solemnly defined, \"ex cathedra\", the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. While doing errands on Thursday, January 5,",
"title": "John Neumann"
},
{
"id": "11948636",
"text": "for private masses only. He outlawed the brotherhood of the Immaculate Conception but confirmed a knightly order with the same name. Allegedly, he had promised the King of Spain to dogmatize the IC. The Mariology of Pope Pius IX (1846–1878) represents a significant development of Roman Catholic theology, since it led to the promulgation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. Catholic theology in the 19th century was dominated by the issue of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary. During his pontificate petitions increased requesting the dogmatization of the Immaculate Conception. In 1848 Pius appointed a theological commission to",
"title": "Mariology of the popes"
},
{
"id": "805062",
"text": "Immaculate Conception of Mary, as proclaimed \"ex cathedra\" by Pope Pius IX in 1854, namely that she was filled with grace from the very moment of her conception in her mother's womb and preserved from the stain of original sin. The Latin Church has a liturgical feast by that name, kept on December 8. Orthodox Christians reject the Immaculate Conception dogma principally because their understanding of ancestral sin (the Greek term corresponding to the Latin \"original sin\") differs from the Augustinian interpretation and that of the Catholic Church. The Perpetual Virginity of Mary asserts Mary's real and perpetual virginity even",
"title": "Mary, mother of Jesus"
},
{
"id": "648463",
"text": "by himself) as the \"Prisoner of the Vatican\". His ecclesiastical policies towards other countries, such as Russia, Germany or France, were not always successful, owing in part to changing secular institutions and internal developments within these countries. However, concordats were concluded with numerous states, such as Austria-Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Canada, Tuscany, Ecuador, Venezuela, Honduras, El Salvador, and Haiti. Pius was a Marian pope, who in his encyclical \"Ubi primum\" emphasized Mary's role in salvation. In 1854, he promulgated the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, articulating a long-held Catholic belief that Mary, the Mother of God, was conceived without original sin.",
"title": "Pope Pius IX"
},
{
"id": "12000885",
"text": "God\" In the Middle Ages, the term \"doctrina Catholica\", (Catholic doctrine) was used for the Catholic faith. Individual beliefs were labeled as \"articulus fidei\" (part of the faith). Ecumenical Councils issue dogmas. Many dogmas - especially from the early Church (Ephesus, Chalcedon) to the Council of Trent - were formulated against specific heresies (Holy Spirit only emanating from father and not from Father and Son). Later dogmas (Immaculate Conception and Assumption of Mary) express the greatness of God in binding language. At the specific request of Pope John XXIII, the Second Vatican Council did not proclaim any dogmas. Instead it",
"title": "Dogma in the Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "17336286",
"text": "parents by 1851, she decided to withdraw from the demands of her wider family and, in 1854, moved to France with her children. Before her departure, she accepted the invitation of an aunt to visit her at her residence in the Castle of Bauffe, near Chièvres. It was in the chapel of the castle that Emilie had another vision which was to change her life. It occurred on 8 December 1854, the same day as Pope Pius IX declared the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception to be a formal dogma of the Catholic Church. What d’Hooghvorst experienced in that little",
"title": "Sisters of Mary Reparatrix"
},
{
"id": "16951896",
"text": "the Two Sicilies. In part, he wanted to put closure to the dispute between Naples and the Papal States that had developed in the last century, when Naples abolished the Chinea, a yearly tribute offered to the Pope as ultimate sovereign of Naples. Since December 1953, Pontiffs have visited the monument annually and offered a bouquet of flowers at the base of the column commemorating the Feast of the Immaculate Conception. The column was dedicated on December 8, 1857. It celebrated the recently adopted (1854) dogma of the Immaculate Conception. The dogma had been proclaimed \"ex cathedra\" in the papal",
"title": "Column of the Immaculate Conception, Rome"
},
{
"id": "2381058",
"text": "took the information to his archbishop without revealing Catherine's identity. The request was approved and the design of the medallions was commissioned through French goldsmith Adrien Vachette. They proved to be exceedingly popular. The dogma of the Immaculate Conception had not yet been officially promulgated, but the medal with its \"conceived without sin\" slogan was influential in popular approval of the idea. Sister Catherine spent the next forty years caring for the aged and infirm. For this, she is called the patroness of seniors. She died on December 31, 1876, at the age of seventy. Her body is encased in",
"title": "Catherine Labouré"
},
{
"id": "13413228",
"text": "of untrammelled papal power and has become a major stumbling block in ecumenical relationships with the Orthodox (who consider the definition to be heresy) and Protestants.\" Before the council in 1854, Pius IX, with the support of the overwhelming majority of bishops, proclaimed the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. The Industrial Revolution brought many concerns about the deteriorating working and living conditions of urban workers. Influenced by the German Bishop Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler, in 1891, Pope Leo XIII published the encyclical \"Rerum novarum\", which set in context Catholic social teaching in terms that rejected socialism but advocated the",
"title": "Christianity in the 19th century"
},
{
"id": "13148165",
"text": "was enthroned in his new diocese on 12 June 1853 and received his episcopal consecration on 5 June 1853 from the Cardinal Archbishop of Bologna Michele Viale-Prelà. The papal proclamation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception in 1854 prompted the bishop to initiate the construction of a new diocesan cathedral in 1855 in honor of this occasion - construction was completed in 1924 after the bishop's death. He issued a pastoral letter on 7 September 1868 that called the faithful to oppose new marriage laws and he was arrested on 5 July 1869 and then sentenced for two weeks",
"title": "Franz-Josef Rudigier"
},
{
"id": "12000884",
"text": "ascertaining that they are beliefs already held in some form throughout the Catholic church. Both Pope Pius IX and Pope Pius XII consulted the bishops worldwide before proclaiming these dogmas. A movement to declare a third Marian dogma for \"Mediatrix\" and \"Co-Redemptrix\" was underway in the 1990s, an issue handled very delicately by the bishops at Vatican II. The term \"Dogma Catholicum\" was first used by Vincent of Lérins (450), referring to \"what all, everywhere and always believed\". In the year 565, Emperor Justinian declared the decisions of the first ecumenical councils as law \"because they are true dogmata of",
"title": "Dogma in the Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "13076074",
"text": "permits it. Catholic theologians agree that both Pope Pius IX's 1854 definition of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary and Pope Pius XII's 1950 definition of the dogma of the Assumption of Mary are instances of papal infallibility, a fact confirmed by the Church's magisterium. However, theologians disagree about what other documents qualify. Regarding historical papal documents, Catholic theologian and church historian Klaus Schatz made a thorough study, published in 1985, that identified the following list of \"ex cathedra\" documents (see \"Creative Fidelity: Weighing and Interpreting Documents of the Magisterium\", by Francis A. Sullivan, chapter 6): There is",
"title": "Papal infallibility"
},
{
"id": "2525567",
"text": "as the most controversial. The play was a turning point for the Steelers, who reversed four decades of futility with their first playoff win ever, and went on to win four Super Bowls by the end of the 1970s. The play's name is a pun derived from the Immaculate Conception, a dogma in the Roman Catholic Church. The phrase was first used on air by Myron Cope, a Pittsburgh sportscaster who was reporting on the Steelers' victory. A Pittsburgh woman, Sharon Levosky, called Cope before his 11 PM sports broadcast on the 23rd and suggested the name, which was coined",
"title": "Immaculate Reception"
},
{
"id": "17289952",
"text": "prayers before the statue of the Virgin Mary. The historical context of creating a grotto in the Vatican Gardens is that on 8 December 1854 the dogma of the Immaculate Conception was proclaimed by Pope Pius IX at a column of the Piazza di Spagna adorned with a statue of the Madonna or Virgin Mary. The context of the dogma was further accentuated by the visionary message given by the Madonna to Bernadette Soubirous, a young girl of 14, that \"She\" was the \"Immaculate Conception\" and that a shrine should be established for her at Massabielle near Lourdes. This visionary",
"title": "Grotta di Lourdes"
},
{
"id": "469606",
"text": "we pronounce, declare, and define it to be a divinely revealed dogma: that the Immaculate Mother of God, the ever Virgin Mary, having completed the course of her earthly life, was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory. Pope Pius XII deliberately left open the question of whether Mary died before her Assumption. Before the dogmatic definition, in Deiparae Virginis Mariae Pope Pius XII sought the opinion of Catholic Bishops and a large number of them pointed to the Book of Genesis (3:15) as scriptural support for the dogma. In Munificentissimus Deus Pius XII referred to the \"struggle against the",
"title": "1950s"
},
{
"id": "11916952",
"text": "divine gift to Mary as Mother of God. As Mary completed her race as a shining example to the human race, the perspective of the gift of assumption is offered to the whole human race. As a young boy and in later life Eugenio Pacelli was an ardent follower of the Virgin Mary. On 8 September 1953, the encyclical Fulgens corona announced a Marian year for 1954, the centennial of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception . Pope Pius XII left open the Mediatrix question, the role of the Virgin in the salvation acts of her son Jesus Christ. In",
"title": "Theology of Pope Pius XII"
},
{
"id": "200842",
"text": "more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.\" When defining the dogma in \"Ineffabilis Deus\", Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime. He stated that Mary, rather than being cleansed after sin, was completely prevented from contracting original sin in view of the foreseen merits of Jesus",
"title": "Immaculate Conception"
},
{
"id": "11808625",
"text": "Marian Year, or \"Little Holy Year,\" devoted to the Virgin Mary who had always been the object of his special veneration. He announced the Marian Year in his encyclical letter \"Fulgens corona\". Hundreds of thousands of Romans lined the route of the papal cortege when Pius XII, in one of his rare appearances in the streets of Rome, went to the Basilica of St. Mary Major to open the Marian Year on 8 December 1953, the 99th anniversary of the proclaiming of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary by Pope Pius IX. Pius XII begins by recalling his",
"title": "Fulgens corona"
},
{
"id": "319793",
"text": "teaching authority of the Church. As a young boy and in later life, Pacelli was an ardent follower of the Virgin Mary. He was consecrated as a bishop on 13 May 1917, the very first day of the apparitions of Our Lady of Fátima. He consecrated the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary in 1942. His remains were to be buried in the crypt of Saint Peter's Basilica on the feast day of Our Lady of Fátima, 13 October 1958. On 1 November 1950, Pius XII defined the dogma of the Assumption of Mary, namely that she \"having completed",
"title": "Pope Pius XII"
},
{
"id": "12174329",
"text": "the veneration of Mary through their decisions not only in the area of Marian beliefs (Mariology) but also Marian practices and devotions. Before the 19th century, Popes promulgated Marian veneration by authorizing new Marian feast days, prayers, initiatives, the acceptance and support of Marian congregations. Since the 19th century, Popes begin to use encyclicals more frequently. Thus Leo XIII, the Rosary Pope issued eleven Marian encyclicals. Recent Popes promulgated the veneration of the Blessed Virgin with two dogmas, Pius IX the Immaculate Conception in 1854 and the Assumption of Mary in 1950 by Pope Pius XII. Pius XII also promulgated",
"title": "History of the Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "12096960",
"text": "\"Deiparae Virginis Mariae\", he inquired from the bishops about a possible dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. The positive response to \"Ubi primum\" led to the 1854 bull \"Ineffabilis Deus\", which defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. The definition of 1854 was immunity from original sin, assuming Mary’s redemption by Christ. Later, Popes Pius X and Pius XII elaborated on this special privilege and Mary’s perfect redemption by Christ, in the encyclicals \"Ad diem illum\" and \"Fulgens corona\". Ubi primum (Pius IX, 1849) Ubi primum is an encyclical of Pope Pius IX to the bishops of the",
"title": "Ubi primum (Pius IX, 1849)"
},
{
"id": "648522",
"text": "the papacy from most major powers of the world: \"The prisoner of the Vatican\" had poor relations with Russia, Germany, the United States, and France, and open hostility with Italy. Yet he was most popular with the faithful in all these countries, in many of which Pope Pius associations were formed in his support. He made lasting ecclesiastical history with his 1854 infallible decision of the Immaculate Conception, which was the basis for the later dogma on the Assumption. His other lasting contribution is the invocation of the ecumenical council Vatican One, which promulgated the definition of Papal infallibility. With",
"title": "Pope Pius IX"
},
{
"id": "11808629",
"text": "are their fathers'\" (Book of Proverbs, XVII 6).\" Pope Pius XII links the solemn definition of the Immaculate Conception with the dogma of the corporal Assumption of the Virgin Mary promulgated in Pius's \" apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus\" of November 1, 1950. into heaven. To Pius, the two doctrines are complementary. \"And so these two very singular privileges, bestowed upon the Virgin Mother of God, stand out in most splendid light as the beginning and as the end of her earthly journey; for the greatest possible glorification of her virgin body is the complement, at once appropriate and marvelous, of",
"title": "Fulgens corona"
},
{
"id": "13413230",
"text": "prayers, initiatives, and the acceptance and support of Marian congregations. Since the 19th century, popes began to use encyclicals more frequently. Thus Leo XIII, the Rosary Pope, issued eleven Marian encyclicals. Recent popes promulgated the veneration of the Blessed Virgin with two dogmas: Pius IX with the Immaculate Conception in 1854, and the Assumption of Mary in 1950 by Pope Pius XII. Pius IX, Pius XI, and Pius XII facilitated the veneration of Marian apparitions such as in Lourdes and Fátima. The Second Vatican Council highlighted the importance of Marian veneration in \"Lumen gentium\". During the Council, Paul VI proclaimed",
"title": "Christianity in the 19th century"
},
{
"id": "4102956",
"text": "as influencing Protestants like William Lane Craig. Scotism Scotism is the name given to the philosophical and theological system or school named after Blessed John Duns Scotus. The word comes from the name of its originator, whose Opus Oxoniense was one of the most important documents in medieval philosophy and Roman Catholic theology, defining what would later be declared the Dogma of the Immaculate conception by Pope Pius IX in his constitution \"Ineffabilis Deus\" on 8 December 1854. Scotism developed out of the Old Franciscan School, which dominated theology during the Middle Ages. This school of thought initially followed Augustinism",
"title": "Scotism"
},
{
"id": "17862707",
"text": "The Little Office of the Immaculate Conception The Little Office of the Immaculate Conception (Latin: Officium parvum Conceptionis Immaculatae) is a devotional office of the Catholic Church, similar in structure to the Divine Office, the Church's official liturgical prayer, though it does not include any Psalms. It was composed towards the end of the 15th Century and long predated the official promulgation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The Holy See confirmed the Office in 1615. The essential structure of the Little Office of the Immaculate Conception mirrors that of the Divine Office, that",
"title": "The Little Office of the Immaculate Conception"
},
{
"id": "11935883",
"text": "(Immaculate Conception), her part in 'Redemption', her 'Eschatological' fulfilment and her intercession. Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. The doctrine itself had been endorsed by the Council of Basel (1431–1449), and by the end of the 15th century was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties. The Council of Basel was later held not to have been a true General (or Ecumenical) Council with authority to proclaim dogma. Such was the influence of the Dominicans, and the weight of the arguments of Thomas Aquinas (who had been canonised in 1323, and declared \"Doctor Angelicus\" of",
"title": "History of Catholic Mariology"
},
{
"id": "145656",
"text": "read the Times”. The doctrine of papal infallibility was not new and had been used by Pope Pius in defining as dogma, in 1854, the Immaculate Conception of Mary, the mother of Jesus. However, the proposal to define papal infallibility itself as dogma met with resistance, not because of doubts about the substance of the proposed definition, but because some considered it inopportune to take that step at that time. Richard McBrien divides the bishops attending Vatican I into three groups. The first group, which McBrien calls the \"active infallibilists\", was led by Henry Edward Manning and Ignatius von Senestréy.",
"title": "First Vatican Council"
},
{
"id": "17862710",
"text": "2013 . The Little Office of the Immaculate Conception The Little Office of the Immaculate Conception (Latin: Officium parvum Conceptionis Immaculatae) is a devotional office of the Catholic Church, similar in structure to the Divine Office, the Church's official liturgical prayer, though it does not include any Psalms. It was composed towards the end of the 15th Century and long predated the official promulgation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The Holy See confirmed the Office in 1615. The essential structure of the Little Office of the Immaculate Conception mirrors that of the Divine",
"title": "The Little Office of the Immaculate Conception"
},
{
"id": "13169180",
"text": "Imola, and Archbishop of Spoleto. He was made a Cardinal (Catholicism) in 1840 and elected Pope in 1846. Several important events that occurred during the papacy of Pope Pius IX are the unification of Italy, the First Vatican Council, the defining of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, and 38 papal encyclicals. \"Praedecessores nostros\" is one of the more significant papal decrees of the time because it addresses one of the most well known events in history. The Great Irish Famine was caused by the mysterious fungus, Phytophthora infestans. The fact that the potato was the staple food of over",
"title": "Praedecessores nostros"
},
{
"id": "8504955",
"text": "to the Blessed Virgin Mary: Our specific form of devotion is to the Immaculate Conception, because we were placed under this title of Our Lady by Pope Gregory XVI when he approved our Congregation in 1834, some twenty years before Pope Pius IX defined the dogma in 1854. Obedience to all lawful authority - ecclesiastical and civil: We are especially obedient to the Pope, to the Bishops in whose dioceses we are serving, and to our Superior General. Sound Traditions: Devotion to the Rosary: We recite five decades of the rosary every day and celebrate the Memorial of Our Lady",
"title": "Fathers of Mercy"
},
{
"id": "20008872",
"text": "Government to establish a new hierarchy in the Netherlands, with a Roman Catholic archbishop in Utrecht and a bishop in Haarlem, but with no other sees or boundaries corresponding to the sees erected by the Roman Catholic Church in 1559. Van Santen, together with Bishop Henricus Johannes van Buul, issued a formal protest against the rival bishops in the sees they already occupied. When Pius IX issued the papal bull “Ineffabilis Deus” on December 8, 1854, proclaiming the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary, van Santen responded with formal protest. On September 14, 1856, he and his two suffragans,",
"title": "Johannes van Santen"
},
{
"id": "8494737",
"text": "At the request of the fathers, the Holy See sanctioned a formula to be used by the bishops in taking the oath at their consecration. In 1849 two archbishops and twenty-three bishops held the Seventh Council. The main decrees were: (No. 2) The Holy See is to be informed that the fathers think it opportune to define as a dogma the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. (No. 3) A change in the election of bishops in introduced. (No. 5) Bishops are not to give an exeat at the request of a priest unless it be certain that another",
"title": "Provincial Councils of Baltimore"
},
{
"id": "1609160",
"text": "with influencing the spread of the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the West when he defended popular traditions in his \"De Conceptione sanctae Mariae\". The origins of the dogma lay in the East and had been long-established in Greece. The idea began to gain currency in England in the opening decades of the 11th Century and had become the subject of liturgical veneration and a feast day (8 or 9 December) at Canterbury, Worcester and Winchester by about 1030. The feast had been discarded by Lanfranc in his reorganization of the liturgical calendar after",
"title": "Eadmer"
},
{
"id": "611373",
"text": "memorials that they have bequeathed to us.\" Leo XIII is credited with great efforts in the areas of scientific and historical analysis. He opened the Vatican Archives and personally fostered a twenty-volume comprehensive scientific study of the Papacy by Ludwig von Pastor, an Austrian historian. His predecessor, Pope Pius IX, became known as the Pope of the Immaculate Conception because of the dogmatization in 1854. Leo XIII, in light of his unprecedented promulgation of the rosary in eleven encyclicals, was called the Rosary Pope. In eleven encyclicals on the rosary he promulgates Marian devotion. In his encyclical on the fiftieth",
"title": "Pope Leo XIII"
},
{
"id": "1884621",
"text": "doctrine. Psychologist Carl Jung, who was deeply interested in archetypes and comparative religion, celebrated that the Catholic Church had officially elevated the Virgin Mary (whom he noted as symbolizing the feminine principle) to standing with three masculine figures in the panoply of the church. (Jung: \"Answer to Job\") On 1 November 1950, in the Apostolic Constitution \"Munificentissimus Deus\" Pope Pius XII declared the Assumption of Mary as a dogma: Pope Pius XII deliberately left open the question of whether Mary died before her Assumption. Before the dogmatic definition, in \"Deiparae Virginis Mariae\" Pope Pius XII sought the opinion of Catholic",
"title": "Assumption of Mary"
},
{
"id": "12000890",
"text": "text in its interpretation of dogmatic development. In 1870, the First Vatican Council quoted from \"Commonitory\" and stated, in the dogmatic constitution \"Dei Filius\", that \"meaning of the sacred dogmas is perpetually to be retained\" once they have been declared by the Catholic Church and \"there must never be a deviation from that meaning on the specious ground and title of a more profound understanding.\" In 1964, the Second Vatican Council further developed this in \"Lumen Gentium\". The Magisterium of the Church is directed to guard, preserve and teach divine truths which God has revealed with infallibility (\"de fide\"). A",
"title": "Dogma in the Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "11948667",
"text": "of the assumption: The dogma of the bodily assumption of the Virgin Mary, is the crowning of the theology of Pope Pius XII. In 1950 Pope Pius XII defined the Assumption of Mary as being an article of faith for Roman Catholics. This was the first (and to date only) ex cathedra exercise of papal infallibility since Vatican I. It was preceded by the 1946 encyclical Deiparae Virginis Mariae, which requested all Catholic bishops to express their opinion on a possible dogmatization. In this dogmatic statement, the phrase \"\"having completed the course of her earthly life\"\" leaves open the question",
"title": "Mariology of the popes"
},
{
"id": "11848053",
"text": "as \"Marianism\" or \"Mariolatry\", and of inventing non-scriptual doctrines which give Mary a semi-divine status. They also attack titles such as \"Queen of Heaven\", \"Our Mother in Heaven\", \"Queen of the World\", or \"Mediatrix\". Since the writing of the apocryphal Protevangelium of James, various beliefs have circulated concerning Mary's own conception, which eventually led to the Roman Catholic Church dogma, formally established in the 19th century, of Mary's Immaculate Conception, which exempts her from original sin. Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox teaching also extends to the end of Mary's life ending with the Assumption of Mary, formally established as dogma",
"title": "Mariology"
},
{
"id": "200843",
"text": "Christ, the Savior of the human race. In , Mary proclaims: \"My spirit has rejoiced in God my Saviour.\" This is referred to as Mary's pre-redemption by Christ. Since the Second Council of Orange against semi-pelagianism, the Catholic Church has taught that even had man never sinned in the Garden of Eden and was sinless, he would still require God's grace to remain sinless. The doctrine of the immaculate conception (Mary being conceived free from original sin) is not to be confused with the virginal conception of her son Jesus. Catholics believe that Mary was conceived of both parents, traditionally",
"title": "Immaculate Conception"
},
{
"id": "19210184",
"text": "school in France while she and her daughters went to live in Paris though one of her aunts invited her to their castle at Bauffe before she left in 1854. Her daughter Marguerite later died of tuberculosis in 1867 and Olympe followed on 14 December 1872. On 8 December 1854 (the date Pope Pius IX proclaimed the dogma of the Immaculate Conception) - while reflecting at a chapel in Bauffe - she experienced a vision of the Madonna. Feeling that she had been called to religious life she moved to Paris in 1854 and set up a small religious group",
"title": "Émilie d'Oultremont"
},
{
"id": "11948162",
"text": "(Proof of the Apostolic Preaching). According to Irenaeus, Christ, being born out of the Virgin Mary, created a totally new historical situation. This view influenced Ambrose of Milan and Tertullian, who wrote about the virginal conception of the Mother of God. Pope Pius IX made reference to this theme of Irenaeus in the 1854 apostolic constitution \"Ineffabilis Deus\", which defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. Saint Ambrose of Milan (339–397), Bishop of Milan and Doctor of the Church, was one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the Fourth Century. A student of Simplician, the virginity of Mary and",
"title": "Mariology of the saints"
},
{
"id": "11948665",
"text": "and families.\" The 1854 dogma of the Immaculate Conception by Pius IX defined the Virgin conceived without sin, as the mother of God and our mother. Pope Pius XII built on this in \"Mystici corporis\", which summarizes his mariology: Maria, whose sinless soul was filled with the divine spirit of Jesus Christ above all other created souls, \"\"in the name of the whole human race\"\" gave her consent \"for a spiritual marriage between the Son of God and human nature\", thus elevating human nature beyond the realm of the purely material. She who, according to the flesh, was the mother",
"title": "Mariology of the popes"
},
{
"id": "11935861",
"text": "Anglican theological teaching affirms the title \"Mother of God\", while other Christian denominations give no such title to her. The Middle Ages saw a growth and development of Mariology. Belief in the Assumption of Mary became widespread across the Christian world from the 6th century onward, and is celebrated on 15 August in both the East and the West. The Medieval period brought major champions of Marian devotion to the fore, including Ephraim the Syrian, and John Damascene. The Dogma of the Immaculate Conception developed within the Catholic Church over time. Conception of Mary was celebrated as a liturgical feast",
"title": "History of Catholic Mariology"
},
{
"id": "14387482",
"text": "two constitutions: \"Dei Filius\", the \"Dogmatic Constitution On The Catholic Faith\" and \"Pastor Aeternus\", the \"First Dogmatic Constitution on the Church of Christ\", dealing with the primacy and infallibility of the bishop of Rome when solemnly defining dogma. Seven months later, on 18 July 1870, the prelates assembled in St Peter's accepted an uncompromising dogma - that the pope, when speaking from his throne on a matter of faith or morals, is inspired by God and is therefore infallible. Papal infallibility was merely the most striking example of the authoritarian stance now being established. It must be said that most",
"title": "Popes during the Age of Revolution"
},
{
"id": "3253371",
"text": "doctrine of perpetual virginity is also distinct from the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary, which relates to the conception of the Virgin Mary herself without any stain (\"macula\" in Latin) of original sin. The Greek term \"Aeiparthenos\" (i.e. \"Ever Virgin\") is attested to by Epiphanius of Salamis from the early 4th century. It is widely used in the liturgy of the Eastern Orthodox Church. Eastern Orthodox liturgical prayers typically end with \"Remembering our most holy, pure, blessed, and glorious Lady, the Theotokos and Ever Virgin Mary\". The Catechism of the Catholic Church (item 499) also includes to the",
"title": "Perpetual virginity of Mary"
},
{
"id": "12952516",
"text": "of the Magisterium about the content and nature of the primatial power of the Roman Pontiff. Chapter 4 is a development and defining of one particular characteristic of this primatial power, namely the pope's supreme teaching authority, i.e. when the pope speaks ex cathedra he teaches the doctrine of the faith infallibly. There is general agreement that the pope has only twice exercised his authority to proclaim a dogma apart from an ecumenical council, in the case of the Immaculate Conception (1854) and of Mary's Assumption (1950). Popes Pius IX and Pius XII both consulted with the bishops around the",
"title": "History of papal primacy"
},
{
"id": "479700",
"text": "Dominus Iesus Dominus Iesus () is a declaration by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (known as the \"Holy Office\"), approved in a Plenary meeting of the Congregation and signed by its then Prefect, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, later Pope Benedict XVI, and of its then Secretary, Archbishop Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone, later Cardinal Secretary of State. The declaration was approved by Pope John Paul II and was published on August 6, 2000. It is subtitled \"On the Unicity and Salvific Universality of Jesus Christ and the Church\". It is most widely known for its elaboration of the Catholic dogma",
"title": "Dominus Iesus"
},
{
"id": "12000878",
"text": "Dogma in the Catholic Church In the Catholic Church, a dogma is a definitive article of faith \"(de fide)\" that has been solemnly promulgated by the college of bishops at an ecumenical council or by the pope when speaking in a statement \"ex cathedra\", in which the magisterium of the Church presents a particular doctrine as necessary for the belief of all Catholic faithful. For example, Christian dogma states that the resurrection of Jesus Christ is the basic truth from which salvation and life is derived for Christians. Dogmas regulate the language, the truth of the resurrection is to be",
"title": "Dogma in the Catholic Church"
},
{
"id": "19890588",
"text": "work was taken to France, and returned only in 1815, and was placed in this museum in 1818. The canvas depicts the birth of Mary, mother of Jesus. This event was commonly depicted in scenes of Marian veneration. While the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception would not be explicitly stated until 1854, even from late antiquity, Christian theologians such as Ambrose and Augustine, had invoked the exceptional birth of Mary, wherein she alone among women had been born free of original sin. Hence, while saints on their transit to glory, or posthumously after their entrance to glory, could be accompanied",
"title": "Nativity of the Virgin (Francesco Albani)"
},
{
"id": "11896959",
"text": "of God accepts that which is not just the word of men but truly the word of God.\" Consensus among the faithful is a powerful witness to the truth of a doctrine, but that consensus is not what makes the doctrine true. The consensus is a result, not a cause of the truth of the doctrine. The \"sensus fidei\", the universal consent, from the bishops to the last of the faithful, in a matter of faith, preceded the definition of the Marian dogmas of the Immaculate Conception and the Assumption of Mary: Pope Benedict XVI said: \"Faith both in the",
"title": "Sensus fidelium"
},
{
"id": "2903368",
"text": "Although conciliarist strains of thought remain within the Church, particularly in the United States, Rome and the teaching of the Catholic Church maintains that the Pope is the Vicar of Christ on earth, and has the authority to issue infallible statements. This Papal Infallibility was invoked in Pope Pius IX's 1854 definition of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary, and Pope Pius XII's 1950 definition of the dogma of the Assumption of Mary. The teaching of the Second Vatican Council on the College of Bishops contained within the decree Lumen gentium has sometimes been interpreted as conciliarism, or",
"title": "Conciliarism"
},
{
"id": "8132221",
"text": "Mary date back to St. Bernard and in the 17th century Saint Jean Eudes obtained the approbation and the first book on the devotion to the Hearts of Jesus and Mary. However, the 1830 reported vision of Saint Catherine Labouré which introduced the Miraculous Medal depicting the thorn-crowned Heart of Jesus and the pierced Heart of Mary had a significant impact on the devotion. Pope Pius XII consecrated the human race to the Immaculate Heart on December 8, 1942. Other doctrine-based devotions include the Immaculate Conception which was declared a dogma in 1854 In the 20th century Saint Maximillian Kolbe",
"title": "Catholic devotions"
},
{
"id": "3262519",
"text": "of revelation but of preservation from error in the exercise of this oversight. This living tradition was gathered from communication with all the Bishops in the two instances where the Pope defined dogmas apart from a Council, the Immaculate Conception and the Assumption. In the document \"Responses to some questions regarding certain aspects of the doctrine on the Church\" of 29 June 2007 the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith reiterated that, in the view of the Catholic Church, the Christian communities born out of the Protestant Reformation and which lack apostolic succession in the sacrament of orders are",
"title": "Papal primacy"
},
{
"id": "11948639",
"text": "the patron of the USA. During First Vatican Council, some 108 council fathers requested to add the words \"Immaculate Virgin\" to the Hail Mary. Some fathers requested the dogma of the Immaculate Conception to be included in the Creed of the Church, which was opposed by Pius IX. During the First Vatican Council, nine Mariological petitions favored a possible assumption dogma, but this was strongly opposed by some council fathers, especially from Germany. On 8 May the fathers rejected a dogmatization at that time, a rejection shared by Pius IX. Council fathers highlighted the divine motherhood of Mary and called",
"title": "Mariology of the popes"
},
{
"id": "18861027",
"text": "hide this and did not even take medicine for it until the condition was discovered and she was prompted to see a doctor who made the diagnosis and ruled out an operation. On 8 December 1854 - when Pope Pius IX proclaimed the dogma of the Immaculate Conception - she found that she was cured of her illness. The mother abbess of a convent near her (also her goddaughter) Lutgarde Menétrey and the priest Joseph Schorderet often consulted with her in the founding of the Saint Paul's Work in 1873 which was an initiative that she both supported and encouraged",
"title": "Marguerite Bays"
},
{
"id": "11935881",
"text": "108 council fathers requested adding the words \"Immaculate Virgin\" to the \"Hail Mary\" prayer and to add the Immaculata to the Litany of Loreto. Some fathers requested the dogma of the Immaculate Conception to be included in the Creed of the Church. Many French Catholics supported making dogma both Papal infallibility and the assumption of Mary in the forthcoming ecumenical council. During the First Vatican Council, nine mariological petitions favored a possible assumption dogma. It was strongly opposed by some council fathers, especially those from Germany. On 8 May, a majority of the fathers voted to reject making the Assumption",
"title": "History of Catholic Mariology"
},
{
"id": "16191291",
"text": "was appointed as its first President. The academy drew young men who felt a religious calling to the Order, and with time Pamfilo was able to establish several communities of friars. When the sufficient number of communities with professed friars had been established, in 1861, with the permission of the Holy See, the Minister General established a Custody of the Order, named Immaculate Conception, for the recently defined dogma of the Church. Pamfilo was named \"Custos\", the first regional Superior of the Order in the United States, and thus a significant step in the rooting of the Order in the",
"title": "Pamfilo of Magliano"
},
{
"id": "4714401",
"text": "that Dominic worked diligently and followed the school rules. He would happily listen to talks and sermons (even if they tended to be lengthy at times), and would, without hesitation, ask for clarification on points that were not clear to him. John Bosco also notes how Dominic was obedient to his teachers and chose his companions carefully. This happened in the year 1854, while, in Rome, the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary was being defined. Preparations for the observation of this feast were thus going on at the Oratory. Don Bosco records that, at the advice of his",
"title": "Dominic Savio"
},
{
"id": "204355",
"text": "virgin earth. Tertullian also discusses how it was necessary for God to be born of a Virgin so that what was lost through a woman would be saved through a woman. This indicates that the concept of Mary as the New Eve was known in both the Eastern and Western Church during the second and third centuries. Pope Pius IX made reference to this theme of Irenaeus, in the 1854 apostolic constitution \"Ineffabilis Deus\", which defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception. The first four books of \"Against Heresies\" constitute a minute analysis and refutation of the Gnostic doctrines. The",
"title": "Irenaeus"
}
] | when was the dogma of immaculate conception proclaimed |
|
| [
{
"id": "276554",
"text": "Mellitus Mellitus (died 24 April 624) was the first Bishop of London in the Saxon period, the third Archbishop of Canterbury, and a member of the Gregorian mission sent to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons from their native paganism to Christianity. He arrived in 601 AD with a group of clergy sent to augment the mission, and was consecrated as Bishop of London in 604. Mellitus was the recipient of a famous letter from Pope Gregory I known as the \"Epistola ad Mellitum\", preserved in a later work by the medieval chronicler Bede, which suggested the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons",
"title": "Mellitus"
},
{
"id": "276571",
"text": "chapel of the presbytery. Mellitus Mellitus (died 24 April 624) was the first Bishop of London in the Saxon period, the third Archbishop of Canterbury, and a member of the Gregorian mission sent to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons from their native paganism to Christianity. He arrived in 601 AD with a group of clergy sent to augment the mission, and was consecrated as Bishop of London in 604. Mellitus was the recipient of a famous letter from Pope Gregory I known as the \"Epistola ad Mellitum\", preserved in a later work by the medieval chronicler Bede, which suggested the",
"title": "Mellitus"
},
{
"id": "12998622",
"text": "Gregorian mission The Gregorian mission or Augustinian mission was a Christian mission sent by Pope Gregory the Great in 596 to convert Britain's Anglo-Saxons. The mission was headed by Augustine of Canterbury. By the time of the death of the last missionary in 653, the mission had established Christianity in southern Britain. Along with the Irish and Frankish missions it converted other parts of Britain as well and influenced the Hiberno-Scottish missions to Continental Europe. By the time the Roman Empire recalled its legions from the province of Britannia in 410, parts of the island had already been settled by",
"title": "Gregorian mission"
},
{
"id": "245835",
"text": "Kent, when the king's successor abandoned Christianity; he eventually reconverted. Laurence was revered as a saint after his death in 619. Laurence was part of the Gregorian mission originally dispatched from Rome in 595 to convert the Anglo-Saxons from their native paganism to Christianity; he landed at Thanet, Kent, with Augustine in 597, or, as some sources state, first arrived in 601 and was not a part of the first group of missionaries. He had been a monk in Rome before his travels to England, but nothing else is known of his history or background. The medieval chronicler Bede says",
"title": "Laurence of Canterbury"
},
{
"id": "7284502",
"text": "Gregory I to send missionaries, and in 596 the Pope dispatched Augustine, together with a party of monks. Augustine had served as \"praepositus\" (prior) of the monastery of Saint Andrew in Rome, founded by Gregory. His party lost heart on the way and Augustine went back to Rome from Provence and asked his superiors to abandon the mission project. The pope, however, commanded and encouraged continuation, and Augustine and his followers landed on the Island of Thanet in the spring of 597. Æthelberht permitted the missionaries to settle and preach in his town of Canterbury. By the end of the",
"title": "Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "472444",
"text": "Pope Gregory I Pope Gregory I (; – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 3 September 590 to 12 March 604 AD. He is famous for instigating the first recorded large-scale mission from Rome, the Gregorian Mission, to convert the then-pagan Anglo-Saxons in England to Christianity. Gregory is also well known for his writings, which were more prolific than those of any of his predecessors as Pope. The epithet Saint Gregory the Dialogist has been attached to him in Eastern Christianity because of his \"Dialogues\". English translations of Eastern",
"title": "Pope Gregory I"
},
{
"id": "5970614",
"text": "short time-span, from the fifth to the eighth centuries. Our knowledge of the Christianisation process derives from Christian textual sources, as the pagans were illiterate. In 596, Pope Gregory I ordered a Gregorian mission to be launched in order to convert the Anglo-Saxons to the Roman Catholic denomination of Christianity. The leader of this mission, Augustine, probably landed in Thanet, then part of the Kingdom of Kent, in the summer of 597. While Christianity was initially restricted to Kent, it saw \"major and sustained expansion\" in the period from c. 625 to 642, when the Kentish king Eadbald sponsored a",
"title": "Anglo-Saxon paganism"
},
{
"id": "14136603",
"text": "population gradually became English folklore. In 595, when Pope Gregory I decided to send a mission to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity, the Kingdom of Kent was ruled by Æthelberht. He had married a Christian princess named Bertha before 588, and perhaps earlier than 560. Bertha was the daughter of Charibert I, one of the Merovingian kings of the Franks. As one of the conditions of her marriage she had brought a bishop named Liudhard with her to Kent as her chaplain. They restored a church in Canterbury that dated to Roman times, possibly the present-day St Martin's Church. Æthelberht",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136600",
"text": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England The Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England was a process spanning the 7th century. It was essentially the result of the Gregorian mission of 597, which was joined by the efforts of the Hiberno-Scottish mission from the 630s. From the 8th century, the Anglo-Saxon mission was, in turn, instrumental in the conversion of the population of the Frankish Empire. Æthelberht of Kent was the first king to accept baptism, circa 601. He was followed by Saebert of Essex and Rædwald of East Anglia in 604. However, when Æthelberht and Saebert died, in 616, they were both succeeded by",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "12998695",
"text": "been suggested that the missionaries contributed to the development of the charter in England, for the earliest surviving charters show not just Celtic and Frankish influences but also Roman touches. Williams argues that it is possible that Augustine introduced the charter into Kent. Gregorian mission The Gregorian mission or Augustinian mission was a Christian mission sent by Pope Gregory the Great in 596 to convert Britain's Anglo-Saxons. The mission was headed by Augustine of Canterbury. By the time of the death of the last missionary in 653, the mission had established Christianity in southern Britain. Along with the Irish and",
"title": "Gregorian mission"
},
{
"id": "6936926",
"text": "Anglo-Saxon mission Anglo-Saxon missionaries were instrumental in the spread of Christianity in the Frankish Empire during the 8th century, continuing the work of Hiberno-Scottish missionaries which had been spreading Celtic Christianity across the Frankish Empire as well as in Scotland and Anglo-Saxon England itself during the 6th century (see Anglo-Saxon Christianity). The Anglo-Saxon mission began in the last decade of the 7th century in Old Saxony, when Saint Boniface urged monks to come to the continental missions, from which their forebears had come: \"Take pity upon them, for they themselves are saying, 'We are of one blood and one bone",
"title": "Anglo-Saxon mission"
},
{
"id": "10044579",
"text": "culture that conversion necessarily meant massive cultural change that was hard to accept. Their sophisticated theology was also a bulwark against an immediate and complete conversion to Christianity. The conversion of Æthelberht, king of Kent is the first account of any Christian bretwalda conversion and is told by the Venerable Bede in his histories of the conversion of England. In 582 Pope Gregory sent Augustine and 40 companions from Rome to missionize among the Anglo-Saxons. “They had, by order of the blessed Pope Gregory, brought interpreters of the nation of the Franks, and sending to Æthelberht, signified that they were",
"title": "Christianity and Paganism"
},
{
"id": "14136604",
"text": "was at that time a pagan, but he allowed his wife freedom of worship. Liudhard does not appear to have made many converts among the Anglo-Saxons, and if not for the discovery of a gold coin bearing the inscription \"Leudardus Eps\" (\"Eps\" is an abbreviation of \"Episcopus\", the Latin word for bishop) his existence may have been doubted. One of Bertha's biographers states that influenced by his wife, Æthelberht requested Pope Gregory to send missionaries. The historian Ian Wood feels that the initiative came from the Kentish court as well as the queen. The mission landed in Kent in 597,",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136619",
"text": "population were still openly pagan in 640. Sæbert of Essex was baptised by Mellitus in 604, but following his death in 616 his sons Sexred and Sæward drove Melitus out and “encouraged their people to return to the old gods”. Mellitus returned to Essex when Eadbald of Kent converted, but pagans drove him out again. Essex remained officially pagan until 653 when Oswy of Northumbria persuaded Sigeberht the Good to convert and allow Cedd to preach there. In 660 Sigeberht was killed by his pagan brothers for being too accommodating to Christianity. Swithhelm took over, but Æthelwold of East Anglia",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136642",
"text": "the West Saxon dialect, and the Isle of Wight was incorporated into the Kingdom of Wessex. King Arwald was the last English King to die a pagan. Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England The Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England was a process spanning the 7th century. It was essentially the result of the Gregorian mission of 597, which was joined by the efforts of the Hiberno-Scottish mission from the 630s. From the 8th century, the Anglo-Saxon mission was, in turn, instrumental in the conversion of the population of the Frankish Empire. Æthelberht of Kent was the first king to accept baptism, circa 601.",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "3170751",
"text": "the conversion was imposed by armed force and successfully completed by Charles the Great (Charlemagne) and the Franks in a series of campaigns (the Saxon Wars), starting in 772 with the destruction of their Irminsul and culminating in the defeat and massacre of Saxon leaders at the Massacre of Verden in 787 and the subjugation of this large tribe by forced population movements of Saxons into Frankish territory and vice versa. The Christianization of Anglo-Saxon England began around AD 600, influenced by the Gregorian mission from the south-east and the Hiberno-Scottish mission from the north-west. Pope Gregory I sent the",
"title": "Christianisation of the Germanic peoples"
},
{
"id": "14136601",
"text": "pagan sons who were hostile to Christianity and drove the missionaries out, encouraging their subjects to return to their native paganism. Christianity only hung on with Rædwald, who was still worshiping the pagan gods alongside Christ. The first Archbishops of Canterbury during the first half of the 7th century were members of the original Gregorian mission. The first native Saxon to be consecrated archbishop was Deusdedit of Canterbury, enthroned in 655. The first native Anglo-Saxon bishop was Ithamar, enthroned as Bishop of Rochester in 644. The decisive shift to Christianity occurred in 655 when King Penda was slain in the",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136631",
"text": "Canterbury determined the Roman basis of the East Anglian Church, though his training in Burgundy may have been coloured by the teaching of the Irish missionary Columbanus in Luxeuil. In around 633, perhaps shortly before Aidan was sent to Lindisfarne from Iona, the Irish royal hermit and missionary Fursey came from the Athlone area with his priests and brethren to East Anglia. Sigeberht granted him a monastery site in an old Roman fort called Cnobheresburg, usually identified as Burgh Castle near Yarmouth. Felix and Fursey both effected many conversions and established churches in Sigeberht's kingdom. Bede records that Archbishop Honorius",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14000652",
"text": "went from raiding and pillaging the island to settling and invading. These tribes are referred to as the \"Anglo-Saxons\", predecessors of the English. They were entirely pagan, having never been part of the Empire, and although they experienced Christian influence from the surrounding peoples, they were converted by the mission of St. Augustine sent by Pope Gregory the Great. The majority of the remaining British population converted from Christianity back to their Pagan roots. Contrary to popular belief, the conversion of Anglo-Saxons to Christianity was incredibly slow. The Anglo-Saxons had little interest in changing their religion and even initially looked",
"title": "Christianity in the Middle Ages"
},
{
"id": "8154318",
"text": "James the Deacon James the Deacon (died after 671) was a Roman deacon who accompanied Paulinus of York on his mission to Northumbria. He was a member of the Gregorian mission which went to England to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism, although when he arrived in England is unknown. After Paulinus left Northumbria, James stayed near Lincoln and continued his missionary efforts, dying sometime after 671 according to the medieval chronicler Bede. James was presumably an Italian, like the other members of the Gregorian mission. The dates of his birth and of his arrival in Britain are",
"title": "James the Deacon"
},
{
"id": "7284507",
"text": "Anglo-Saxon mission on the continent took off in the 8th century, assisting the Christianisation of practically all of the Frankish Empire by AD 800. The Benedictine reform was led by St. Dunstan over the latter half of the 10th century. It sought to revive church piety by replacing secular canons- often under the direct influence of local landowners, and often their relatives- with celibate monks, answerable to the ecclesiastical hierarchy and ultimately to the Pope. This deeply split England, bringing it to the point of civil war, with the East Anglian nobility (such as Athelstan Half-King, Byrhtnoth) supporting Dunstan and",
"title": "Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "7284503",
"text": "year he himself had converted, and Augustine received consecration as a bishop at Arles. At Christmas 10,000 of the king's subjects underwent baptism. Augustine sent a report of his success to Pope Gregory with certain questions concerning his work. In 601 Mellitus, Justus and others brought the pope's replies, with the pallium for Augustine and a present of sacred vessels, vestments, relics, books, and the like. Gregory directed the new archbishop to ordain as soon as possible twelve suffragan bishops and to send a bishop to York, who should also have twelve suffragans. Augustine did not carry out this papal",
"title": "Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "220589",
"text": "to Bede's account of Justus' life. Justus Justus (died on 10 November between 627 and 631) was the fourth Archbishop of Canterbury. He was sent from Italy to England by Pope Gregory the Great, on a mission to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native paganism, probably arriving with the second group of missionaries despatched in 601. Justus became the first Bishop of Rochester in 604, and attended a church council in Paris in 614. Following the death of King Æthelberht of Kent in 616, Justus was forced to flee to Gaul, but was reinstated in his diocese the following year.",
"title": "Justus"
},
{
"id": "11728439",
"text": "a native of Italy, like the other members of the Gregorian mission. This mission was dispatched by Pope Gregory the Great in 596 to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism. It landed in Kent in 597, and soon converted King Æthelberht of Kent, who gave Augustine the land on which he founded the abbey that later became St Augustine's, Canterbury. The medieval chronicler Bede records that sometime after the mission's arrival in England, probably in late 600, Peter, along with fellow-missionary Laurence, was sent back to Gregory. This deputation was to relay the news of Augustine's successes in",
"title": "Peter of Canterbury"
},
{
"id": "485996",
"text": "Gregorian mission to Britain to Christianise the Kingdom of Kent from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism. Kent was probably chosen because Æthelberht had married a Christian princess, Bertha, daughter of Charibert I the King of Paris, who was expected to exert some influence over her husband. Æthelberht was converted to Christianity, churches were established, and wider-scale conversion to Christianity began in the kingdom. Æthelberht's law for Kent, the earliest written code in any Germanic language, instituted a complex system of fines. Kent was rich, with strong trade ties to the continent, and Æthelberht may have instituted royal control over trade. For",
"title": "Anglo-Saxons"
},
{
"id": "12447503",
"text": "death in AD 34-35, Centre St Gregory, wearing the triple crown of the Pope and holding open a book of chants as he reformed the services of the church. In 595 he sent Augustine to lead a mission, usually known as the Gregorian mission, to Britain to convert the pagan King Æthelberht of Kent to Christianity. Right St Laurence, with a grid iron symbolising his martyrdom by being burned to death. 1st Window Left St Bertha, Queen of Kent whose influence led to the introduction of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England. She was canonized as a saint for her role in",
"title": "St Cyprian's Church, Hay Mills"
},
{
"id": "1883811",
"text": "Reformation. However, Christianity arrived in the British Isles around AD 47 during the Roman Empire according to Gildas's \"De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae\". Archbishop Restitutus and others are known to have attended the Council of Arles in 314. Christianity developed roots in Sub-Roman Britain and later Ireland, Scotland, and Pictland. The Anglo-Saxons (Germanic pagans who progressively seized British territory) during the 5th, 6th and 7th centuries, established a small number of kingdoms and evangelisation of the Anglo-Saxons was carried out by the successors of the Gregorian mission and by Celtic missionaries from Scotland. The church in Wales remained isolated and",
"title": "History of the Church of England"
},
{
"id": "20386861",
"text": "sixth century, the Pope ordered that Augustine of Canterbury lead the Gregorian Mission to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. According to the writings of the later monk Bede, these Augustinian missionaries utilised an old Romano-British church that had been dedicated to St Martin and gained permission from the Kentish king to restore several pre-existing churches. The survival of Romano-British churches in this period is also attested in other sources, like the \"Life of St Wilfrid\". In Roman Britain, the church primarily served as the place where the Eucharist was celebrated. It also had overlapping functions, for instance as a meeting",
"title": "Christianity in Roman Britain"
},
{
"id": "14136605",
"text": "and quickly achieved some initial success: Æthelberht permitted the missionaries to settle and preach in his capital of Canterbury, where they used the church of St. Martin's for services, and this church became the seat of the bishopric. Neither Bede nor Gregory mentions the date of Æthelberht's conversion, but it probably took place in 597. In the early medieval period, the ruler's conversion often presaged the large-scale conversion of subjects, and large numbers of converts are recorded within a year of the mission's arrival in Kent. By 601, Gregory was writing to both Æthelberht and Bertha, calling the king his",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "472468",
"text": "been appointed to rule, that through the blessings bestowed on you the blessings of heaven might be bestowed on your people also.\" He is credited with re-energizing the Church's missionary work among the non-Christian peoples of northern Europe. He is most famous for sending a mission, often called the Gregorian mission, under Augustine of Canterbury, prior of Saint Andrew's, where he had perhaps succeeded Gregory, to evangelize the pagan Anglo-Saxons of England. It seems that the pope had never forgotten the English slaves whom he had once seen in the Roman Forum. The mission was successful, and it was from",
"title": "Pope Gregory I"
},
{
"id": "187827",
"text": "Scotland, Ireland and Wales) produced competing early traditions of Celtic Christianity, that was later reintegrated under the Church in Rome. Prominent missionaries were Saints Patrick, Columba and Columbanus. The Anglo-Saxon tribes that invaded southern Britain some time after the Roman abandonment, were initially pagan, but converted to Christianity by Augustine of Canterbury on the mission of Pope Gregory the Great. Soon becoming a missionary centre, missionaries such as Wilfrid, Willibrord, Lullus and Boniface would begin converting their Saxon relatives in Germania. The largely Christian Gallo-Roman inhabitants of Gaul (modern France) were overrun by the Franks in the early 5th century.",
"title": "History of Christianity"
},
{
"id": "12998656",
"text": "Gregory's writings. He also suggested that the Anglo-Saxons build small huts much like those built during the Jewish festival of Sukkot, to be used during the annual autumn slaughter festivals so as to gradually change the Anglo-Saxon pagan festivals into Christian ones. The historian R. A. Markus suggests that the reason for the conflicting advice is that the letter to Æthelberht was written first, and sent off with the returning missionaries. Markus argues that the pope, after thinking further about the circumstances of the mission in Britain, then sent a follow-up letter, the \"Epistolae ad Mellitum\", to Mellitus, then \"en",
"title": "Gregorian mission"
},
{
"id": "5995657",
"text": "Tertullian, writing in the 3rd century, said that \"Christianity could \"even\" be found in Britain.\" The Roman Emperor Constantine (306–337), granted official tolerance to Christianity with the Edict of Milan in 313. Then, in the reign of Emperor Theodosius \"the Great\" (378–395), Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire. It is not entirely clear how many Britons would have been Christian when the pagan Anglo-Saxons arrived. There had been attempts to evangelise the Irish by Pope Celestine I in 431. However, it was Saint Patrick who is credited with converting the Irish en-masse. A Christian Ireland then",
"title": "History of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "7284500",
"text": "Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England The history of Christianity in England from the Roman departure to the Norman Conquest is often told as one of conflict between the Celtic Christianity spread by the Irish mission, and Roman Christianity brought across by Augustine of Canterbury. Christianisation of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms began in AD 597, influenced by Celtic Christianity from the north-west and by the Roman church from the south-east, gradually replacing Anglo-Saxon polytheism which had been introduced to what is now England over the course of the 5th and 6th centuries with the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons. The first Archbishop of Canterbury,",
"title": "Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "74095",
"text": "Pelagius, who opposed Augustine of Hippo's doctrine of original sin. While Christianity was long established as the religion of the Britons at the time of the Anglo-Saxon invasion, Christian Britons made little progress in converting the newcomers from their native paganism. Consequently, in 597, Pope Gregory I sent the prior of the Abbey of St Andrew's (later canonised as Augustine of Canterbury) from Rome to evangelise the Angles. This event is known as the Gregorian mission and is the date the Church of England generally marks as the beginning of its formal history. With the help of Christians already residing",
"title": "Church of England"
},
{
"id": "14136634",
"text": "and returned to Iona, reporting that the Northumbrians were ardently pagan and refusing to convert. Aidan arrived in 635 and spent the rest of his life converting the Northumbrians, dying in 651. The pagan King Penda allowed Christian missionaries to begin preaching in Mercia in 653 when his son Peada was baptised. Peada had accepted baptism in order to marry Alhflæd, the daughter of Oswiu of Bernicia. Penda was killed in battle against Oswiu on 15 November 655, and Peada took the throne, becoming the first Christian king. Unusually Mercia had no official relapse into paganism. Æthelwealh of Sussex was",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "7284501",
"text": "Augustine took office in 597 AD. In 601, he baptized the first Christian Anglo-Saxon king, Æthelberht of Kent. The last pagan Anglo-Saxon/Jutish king, Arwald, died in 686. Æthelberht of Kent's wife Bertha, daughter of Charibert, one of the Merovingian kings of the Franks, had brought a chaplain (Liudhard) with her. Bertha had restored a church from Roman times to the east of Canterbury and dedicated it to Saint Martin of Tours, the patronal saint for the Merovingian royal family. Æthelberht himself, though a pagan, allowed his wife to worship her God. Probably under influence of his wife, Æthelberht asked Pope",
"title": "Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "5970615",
"text": "mission to the Northumbrians led by Paulinus, the Northumbrian king Oswald invited a Christian mission from Irish monks to establish themselves, and the courts of the East Anglians and the Gewisse were converted by continental missionaries Felix the Burgundian and Birinus the Italian. The next phase of the conversion took place between c.653 and 664, and entailed the Northumbrian sponsored conversion of the rulers of the East Saxons, Middle Anglians, and Mercians. In the final phase of the conversion, which took place during the 670s and 680s, the final two Anglo-Saxon kingdoms to be led by pagan rulers — in",
"title": "Anglo-Saxon paganism"
},
{
"id": "14136633",
"text": "his cousin and nephew respectively, took over Bernicia and Deira. Osric and Eanfrith had both accepted baptism while in exile with the Picts, but upon taking their thrones reverted their kingdoms to paganism. They were both killed by Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd in 634, who was in turn killed by Eanfrith's brother Oswald in the same year. Oswald had been baptised while in exile with the Scots, and had persuaded his council to accept baptism if they were victorious against Cadwallon. Oswald requested missionaries to convert the pagan Bernicians and Deirans. The first bishop to try eventually gave up",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136610",
"text": "at about the same time, his sons expelled Mellitus, the bishop of London. According to Bede, Eadbald was punished for his faithlessness by \"frequent fits of insanity\", and possession by an \"evil spirit\" (perhaps referring to epileptic fits), but was eventually persuaded to give up his wife and adopt Christianity. Eadbald's second wife, Ymme, was Frankish, and it may well be that Kent's strong connections with Francia were a factor in Eadbald's conversion. It is likely that the missionaries in Canterbury had Frankish support. In the 620s, Eadbald's sister Æthelburg came to Kent, but sent her children to the court",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136618",
"text": "account. This timeline extends the duration of the pagan reaction from less than a year, in Bede's narrative, to about eight years. This represents a more serious setback for the church. According to Bede (\"HE\" III.8), Eorcenberht was the first king in Britain to command that pagan \"idols\" (cult images) be destroyed and that Lent be observed. It has been suggested that these orders may have been officially committed to writing, in the tradition of Kentish law-codes initiated by Æthelberht, but no such text survives. This indicates that while King Eadbald had converted at least 16 years previously, the general",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "1527973",
"text": "Paulinus of York Paulinus (died 10 October 644) was a Roman missionary and the first Bishop of York. A member of the Gregorian mission sent in 601 by Pope Gregory I to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism, Paulinus arrived in England by 604 with the second missionary group. Little is known of Paulinus' activities in the following two decades. After some years spent in Kent, perhaps in 625, Paulinus was consecrated a bishop. He accompanied Æthelburg of Kent, sister of King Eadbald of Kent, on her journey to Northumbria to marry King Edwin of Northumbria, and eventually",
"title": "Paulinus of York"
},
{
"id": "575560",
"text": "first papal mission to England since Augustine had been sent by Pope Gregory the Great in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons. The legates were George, the Bishop of Ostia, and Theophylact, the Bishop of Todi. They visited Canterbury first, and then were received by Offa at his court. Both Offa and Cynewulf, king of the West Saxons, attended a council where the goals of the mission were discussed. George then went to Northumbria, while Theophylact visited Mercia and \"parts of Britain\". A report on the mission, sent by the legates to Pope Adrian, gives details of a council held by",
"title": "Offa of Mercia"
},
{
"id": "220576",
"text": "Justus Justus (died on 10 November between 627 and 631) was the fourth Archbishop of Canterbury. He was sent from Italy to England by Pope Gregory the Great, on a mission to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native paganism, probably arriving with the second group of missionaries despatched in 601. Justus became the first Bishop of Rochester in 604, and attended a church council in Paris in 614. Following the death of King Æthelberht of Kent in 616, Justus was forced to flee to Gaul, but was reinstated in his diocese the following year. In 624 Justus became Archbishop of",
"title": "Justus"
},
{
"id": "14136628",
"text": "Edwin's power rested. Sigeberht is likely to have encouraged the conversion of Ecgric if he was not already Christian. Edwin's encouragement took shape in the marriage of his grand-niece Hereswith, sister of Saint Hilda, to Æthilric, Rædwald's nephew. Hereswith and Hild were under Edwin's protection and were baptised with him in 626. This marriage held the presumption that Æthilric was, or would become, Christian, and probably also that he should at some time become King of East Anglia. Bede relates that the East Anglian apostle Saint Felix came to England from Burgundy as a missionary bishop, and was sent by",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136636",
"text": "Cædwalla, who was now King of Wessex, invaded Sussex and killed Æthelwealh. Two ealdormen of Æthelwealh, Berthun and Andhun, drove him out and administered the kingdom from then on. Their religious affiliation is not recorded. In 686 Wilfrid was recalled to York, Berthun and Andhun attacked Kent, Berthun was killed somewhere along the line and Sussex was conquered by Cædwalla. The monk Goscelin recorded a short legend that after converting Æthelberht of Kent, Augustine traveled into Wessex to convert the population. In the village of Cernel the locals jeered at him and drove him out of town, pinning fish to",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "2736494",
"text": "Honorius of Canterbury Honorius (died 30 September 653) was a member of the Gregorian mission to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism in 597 AD who later became Archbishop of Canterbury. During his archiepiscopate, he consecrated the first native English bishop of Rochester as well as helping the missionary efforts of Felix among the East Anglians. Honorius was the last to die among the Gregorian missionaries. A Roman by birth, Honorius may have been one of those chosen by Pope Gregory the Great for the Gregorian mission to England, although it seems more likely that he was a",
"title": "Honorius of Canterbury"
},
{
"id": "14491882",
"text": "is kept alive today as an annual event in a number of towns and villages in the north of England. In 601 AD Pope Gregory I wrote a letter to Mellitus (a member of the Gregorian mission sent to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons from their native paganism to Christianity) which read: When, therefore, Almighty God shall bring you to the most reverend man our brother bishop, St Augustine, tell him what I have, upon mature deliberation on the affair of the English, thought of; namely, that the temples of the idols in that nation ought not to be destroyed.",
"title": "Rushbearing"
},
{
"id": "5995659",
"text": "clergy refused to help Augustine in his mission. Despite Bede's complaints, it is now believed that the Britons played an important role in the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons. On arrival in the south east of England in 597, Augustine was given land by King Æthelberht of Kent to build a church; so in 597 Augustine built the church and founded the See at Canterbury. He baptised Æthelberht in 601, then continued with his mission to convert the English. Most of the north and east of England had already been evangelised by the Irish Church. However, Sussex and the Isle of",
"title": "History of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "31265",
"text": "structures. It was against this background that Pope Gregory I decided to send a mission, often called the Gregorian mission, to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity in 595. The Kingdom of Kent was ruled by Æthelberht, who married a Christian princess named Bertha before 588, and perhaps earlier than 560. Bertha was the daughter of Charibert I, one of the Merovingian kings of the Franks. As one of the conditions of her marriage, she brought a bishop named Liudhard with her to Kent. Together in Canterbury, they restored a church that dated to Roman times—possibly the current St Martin's Church.",
"title": "Augustine of Canterbury"
},
{
"id": "14136620",
"text": "persuaded him to convert in 662. Swithhelm died in 664 and his two cousins Sighere and Sæbbi ruled Essex jointly. While there is no mention of Sighere accepting Christianity in the first place when a plague broke out in 665 he “abandoned the mysteries of the Christian faith and relapsed into paganism”. The people in Sighere's half of Essex became openly pagan once again, but Sæbbi's ally Wulfhere of Merica sent the Jaruman to convert them and made Sighere marry his niece Osyth, who he later divorced. Sighere was the last pagan king of Essex. Rædwald of East Anglia received",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "8154323",
"text": "Frank Stenton calls James \"the one heroic figure in the Roman mission\". This reflects the fact that many of the Gregorian missionaries had a habit of fleeing when things went wrong. After his death, James was venerated as a saint. His feast day is 17 August (Catholic) or 11 October (Anglican). James the Deacon James the Deacon (died after 671) was a Roman deacon who accompanied Paulinus of York on his mission to Northumbria. He was a member of the Gregorian mission which went to England to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism, although when he arrived in",
"title": "James the Deacon"
},
{
"id": "485997",
"text": "the first time following the Anglo-Saxon invasion, coins began circulating in Kent during his reign. In 635 Aidan, an Irish monk from Iona chose the Isle of Lindisfarne to establish a monastery and close to King Oswald's main fortress of Bamburgh. He had been at the monastery in Iona when Oswald asked to be sent a mission to Christianise the Kingdom of Northumbria from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism. Oswald had probably chosen Iona because after his father had been killed he had fled into south-west Scotland and had encountered Christianity, and had returned determined to make Northumbria Christian. Aidan achieved",
"title": "Anglo-Saxons"
},
{
"id": "3156460",
"text": "as Saint Patrick, and Adalbert of Prague propagated learning and religion beyond the boundaries of the old Roman Empire. In the seventh century Gregory the Great sent missionaries, including Augustine of Canterbury, into England. The Hiberno-Scottish mission began in 563. In the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, Franciscans such as William of Rubruck, John of Montecorvino, and Giovanni ed' Magnolia were sent as missionaries to the Near and Far East. Their travels took them as far as China in an attempt to convert the advancing Mongols, especially the Great Khans of the Mongol Empire. (Also see Medieval Roman Catholic",
"title": "Christian mission"
},
{
"id": "14136632",
"text": "and Bishop Felix much admired the work of Aidan of Lindisfarne. Therefore, it is likely that they also appreciated Fursey, whose community also lived according to the ascetic principles of Irish Christianity. Paulinus arrived in Bernicia in 625 to convince Edwin to accept baptism. Edwin allowed his daughter Eanfled to be baptised, and vowed to accept baptism himself if his campaign against Cwichelm of Wessex was successful. Bede recounts that Edwin was finally baptised on 12 April 627, but he does not appear to have made any effort to convert his subjects. He died in 633 and Osric and Eanfrith,",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "646490",
"text": "times and is said by tradition to have reached even further, to Persia (Church of the East) and to India (Saint Thomas Christians). During the Middle Ages, the Christian monasteries and missionaries such as Saint Patrick (5th century), and Adalbert of Prague (ca 956-997) propagated learning and religion beyond the European boundaries of the old Roman Empire. In 596, Pope Gregory the Great (in office 590-604) sent the Gregorian Mission (including Augustine of Canterbury) into England. In their turn, Christians from Ireland (the Hiberno-Scottish mission) and from Britain (Saint Boniface (ca 675-754), and the Anglo-Saxon mission, for example) became prominent",
"title": "Missionary"
},
{
"id": "14136635",
"text": "baptised in Mercia sometime during or just before 675, probably as a condition of marrying the Christian Queen Eafa of the Hwicce. In 681 Wilfrid arrived in Sussex to begin converting the general population. Bede says Wulfhere had had him converted “not long previously”, but it couldn’t have been later than 675 because that is when Wulfhere died. Æthelwealh gave Wilfrid land in Selsey where he founded Selsey Abbey. While there Wilfrid met with Cædwalla of Wessex and guaranteed support for his invasion of Sussex (despite Æthelwealh granting him land and allowing him to preach in his kingdom). In 685",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136640",
"text": "conquering Sussex he worked with the Bishops Wilfrid and Eorcenwald to establish an ecclesiastical structure there. He was seriously wounded while conquering the Isle of Wight in 686. In 688 he abdicated and went on a pilgrimage to Rome and was baptised by Pope Sergius I on 10 April 689, dying 10 days later from his wounds. His successor Ine issued a law code in 695 which reveal him to be a Christian. However, one of Ine's laws proscribe a fine for failing to baptise one's children, and another fine for failing to tithe, which indicates the common population were",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "7284504",
"text": "plan, nor did he establish the primatial see at London as Gregory intended, as the Londoners remained heathen. Augustine did consecrate Mellitus as bishop of London and Justus as bishop of Rochester. Pope Gregory issued more practicable mandates concerning heathen temples and usages: he desired that native temples be Christianized and asked Augustine to Christianize pagan practices, so far as possible, into dedication ceremonies or feasts of martyrs, since \"he who would climb to a lofty height must go up by steps, not leaps\" (letter of Gregory to Mellitus, in Bede, i, 30). Augustine reconsecrated and rebuilt an old church",
"title": "Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "19689418",
"text": "figure later mentioned in a letter written by Pope Gregory the Great but about whom nothing is known. Saints' relics began to appear in Anglo-Saxon England soon after the arrival of the first Christian missionaries. At the beginning of the seventh century, Pope Gregory the Great wrote to Augustine — who was leading the Gregorian mission to convert the Kingdom of Kent to Christianity — informing him that he was sending not only manuscripts, vestments, and sacred vessels, but also \"relics of the holy apostles and martyrs\" to aid the conversion process. Later in that century, Pope Vitalian sent the",
"title": "Cult of saints in Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "276560",
"text": "Austrasia, who was Theudebert and Theuderic's grandmother and regent. Wood feels that this wide appeal to the Frankish episcopate and royalty was an effort to secure more support for the Gregorian mission. While on his journey to England, Mellitus received a letter from Gregory allowing Augustine to convert pagan temples to Christian churches, and to convert pagan animal sacrifices into Christian feasts, to ease the transition to Christianity. Gregory's letter marked a sea change in the missionary strategy, and was later included in Bede's \"Ecclesiastical History of the English People\". Usually known as the \"Epistola ad Mellitum\", it conflicts with",
"title": "Mellitus"
},
{
"id": "3054127",
"text": "the British Gildas and later Anglo-Saxon Bede, criticized them for generally refusing to work at all for the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons, in fact many were absorbed into the religion and culture of the new settlers. The conversion of the Anglo-Saxons was begun at about the same time at the far north and south of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in two unconnected initiatives. Irish missionaries led by Saint Columba based in Iona (from 563) and elsewhere, converted many Picts. The court of Anglo-Saxon Northumbria, and the Gregorian mission, who landed in 596, did the same to the Kingdom of Kent. They",
"title": "Christianization"
},
{
"id": "14136624",
"text": "very likely that Edwin, now a senior ruler, was his sponsor at baptism. The conversion had the political benefit of bringing the entire eastern seaboard from Northumbria to Kent under the dominion of Christian rulers in alliance with Edwin, with the single exception of the Essex. Not long after his conversion Eorpwald was slain (\"occisus\") by a pagan (\"viro gentili\") named Ricberht. The circumstances are not recorded so that it is not known whether Ricberht represented an internal East Anglian opposition to Christian rule, or if he was an emissary from an external power wishing to diminish Edwin's influence. Bede",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "786605",
"text": "a mission under Augustine of Canterbury to convert the Anglo-Saxons, establish new sees and churches throughout their territories, and reassert papal authority over the native church. Gregory intended for Augustine to become the metropolitan bishop over all of southern Britain, including the existing dioceses under Welsh and Cornish control. Augustine met with British bishops in a series of conferences—known as the Synod of Chester—that attempted to assert his authority and to compel them to abandon aspects of their service that had fallen out of line with Roman practice. The Northumbrian cleric Bede's \"Ecclesiastical History of the English People\" is the",
"title": "Celtic Christianity"
},
{
"id": "245847",
"text": "was succeeded as archbishop by Mellitus, the Bishop of London. Laurence of Canterbury Laurence (died 2 February 619) was the second Archbishop of Canterbury from about 604 to 619. He was a member of the Gregorian mission sent from Italy to England to Christianise the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism, although the date of his arrival is disputed. He was consecrated archbishop by his predecessor, Augustine of Canterbury, during Augustine's lifetime, to ensure continuity in the office. While archbishop, he attempted unsuccessfully to resolve differences with the native British bishops by corresponding with them about points of dispute. Laurence",
"title": "Laurence of Canterbury"
},
{
"id": "1531210",
"text": "Eadbald of Kent Eadbald () was King of Kent from 616 until his death in 640. He was the son of King Æthelberht and his wife Bertha, a daughter of the Merovingian king Charibert. Æthelberht made Kent the dominant force in England during his reign and became the first Anglo-Saxon king to convert to Christianity from Anglo-Saxon paganism. Eadbald's accession was a significant setback for the growth of the church, since he retained his people's paganism and did not convert to Christianity for at least a year, and perhaps for as much as eight years. He was ultimately converted by",
"title": "Eadbald of Kent"
},
{
"id": "14136613",
"text": "by Boniface's letter to Justus. The pallium accompanying that letter indicates Justus was archbishop by that time, and the duration of Mellitus's archiepiscopate means that even if Bede's dates are somewhat wrong in other particulars, Eadbald was converted no earlier than 621, and no later than April 624, since Mellitus consecrated a church for Eadbald before his death in that month. The account of Laurence's miraculous scourging by Peter can be disregarded as a later hagiographical invention of the monastery of St Augustine's, Canterbury. As mentioned above, it has been suggested that King \"Aduluald\" in the letter to Justus is",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "245834",
"text": "Laurence of Canterbury Laurence (died 2 February 619) was the second Archbishop of Canterbury from about 604 to 619. He was a member of the Gregorian mission sent from Italy to England to Christianise the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism, although the date of his arrival is disputed. He was consecrated archbishop by his predecessor, Augustine of Canterbury, during Augustine's lifetime, to ensure continuity in the office. While archbishop, he attempted unsuccessfully to resolve differences with the native British bishops by corresponding with them about points of dispute. Laurence faced a crisis following the death of King Æthelberht of",
"title": "Laurence of Canterbury"
},
{
"id": "14136615",
"text": "according to Bede's account was seven or so years earlier; but the grammatical details on which this suggestion is based are not unique to this letter, and as a result it is usually considered to be a single composition. The letter to Æthelburg makes it clear that she was already married at the time the news of Eadbald's conversion reached Rome. This is quite inconsistent with the earlier date Bede gives for Eadbald's acceptance of Christianity, and it has been suggested in Bede's defence that Æthelburg married Edwin substantially earlier and stayed in Kent until 625 before travelling to Northumbria",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136641",
"text": "slow to adopt Christian habits voluntarily. The Jutes of the Isle of Wight were forcibly baptised when Wulfhere invaded in 661. When Wulfhere returned to Mercia he left the priest Eoppa in Wight, but he could not stop the Islanders quickly reverting to open paganism. Wight remained pagan until 686 when it was invaded by the Christian sympathiser Cædwalla of Wessex. Their pagan King Arwald was killed in battle, and his heirs were baptised and executed. Most of the pagan population was purportedly exterminated and replaced with Christian West Saxons. Those who remained were forced to accept baptism and also",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "5970649",
"text": "written in 601 by Pope Gregory the Great to the Abbott Mellitus, in which he stated that Christian missionaries need not destroy \"the temples of the idols\" but that they should be sprinkled with holy water and converted into churches. A second reference to cultic spaces found in Bede appears in his discussion of Coifi, an influential English pagan priest for King Edwin of Northumbria, who – after converting to Christianity – cast a spear into the temple at Goodmanham and then burned it to the ground. The third account was a reference to a temple in which King Rædwald",
"title": "Anglo-Saxon paganism"
},
{
"id": "177467",
"text": "from England has been widely discredited by a number of archaeologists since the 2000s. Anyway Anglo-Saxons and Saxonified Britons spread into England, by a combination of military conquest and cultural assimilation. By the eighth century, a kind of England had emerged. Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England began around AD 600, influenced by Celtic Christianity from the northwest and the Roman Catholic Church from the southeast. Augustine, the first Archbishop of Canterbury, took office in 597. In 601, he baptised the first Christian Anglo-Saxon king, Aethelbert of Kent. The last pagan Anglo-Saxon king, Penda of Mercia, died in 655. The last pagan",
"title": "History of England"
},
{
"id": "13415564",
"text": "England began around 600, influenced by the Gregorian mission from the southeast and the Hiberno-Scottish mission from the northwest. Augustine, the first Archbishop of Canterbury, took office in 597. Arwald, the last pagan Anglo-Saxon king, was killed in 686. Colombanus, Boniface, Willibrord, and others took Christianity into northern Europe and spread Catholicism among the Germanic and Slavic peoples. The Synod of Whitby of 664, though not as decisive as sometimes claimed, was an important moment in the reintegration of the Celtic Church of the British Isles into the Roman hierarchy, after having been effectively cut from contact with Rome by",
"title": "Christianity in the 7th century"
},
{
"id": "12998684",
"text": "is often suggested that the Gregorian missionaries introduced the Rule of Saint Benedict into England, there is no supporting evidence. The early archbishops at Canterbury claimed supremacy over all the bishops in the British Isles, but their claim was not acknowledged by most of the rest of the bishops. The Gregorian missionaries appear to have played no part in the conversion of the West Saxons, who were converted by a missionary sent directly by Pope Honorius I. Neither did they have much lasting influence in Northumbria, where after Edwin's death the conversion of the Northumbrians was achieved by missionaries from",
"title": "Gregorian mission"
},
{
"id": "16888088",
"text": "St Augustine's Cross St Augustine's Cross is a stone memorial in Kent, in a fenced enclosure on the south side of Cottington Road, west of Cliffs End, in Pegwell Bay, Thanet, about west of Ramsgate, north of Richborough Roman Fort, and east of Canterbury, in the parish of Minster. The cross was erected in 1884 to commemorate the arrival of St Augustine in England in AD 597. In 595, Pope Gregory I selected the monk Augustine to lead a mission to England to convert the Anglo Saxons in the Kingdom of Kent to Christianity. The Gregorian mission landed in Kent",
"title": "St Augustine's Cross"
},
{
"id": "14136639",
"text": "Heathen throughout his reign, but abdicated to become a Christian monk. Cædwalla became king of Wessex in 685 or 686, and his religion is difficult to determine. He remained unbaptised throughout his entire reign, but supported Christianity. Before attacking the pagan Isle of Wight, be vowed to give 1/4 of the land and booty to the Church if he was successful, a vow he fulfilled by granting estates to Wilfrid. He also “allowed” the heirs of Arwald, the last pagan King of Wight, to be baptised before he executed them. He is recorded elsewhere granting land to the church. Before",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136622",
"text": "by his wife. She and her pagan teachers probably persuaded him to default in part from his commitment to it. In his temple, therefore, there were two altars, one dedicated to Christ, and one for dedications to the Anglo-Saxon gods. Raedwald is considered the most likely candidate for the Sutton Hoo ship burial, which displays both pagan and Christian iconography. In 616 the pagan backlash in Kent and Essex left Rædwald the only (partially) Christian king in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Rædwald died in 624 and was succeeded by his son Eorpwald. Paulinus undertook the conversion of the Northumbrian people, and",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136630",
"text": "precinct of a Roman fort which formerly stood there. Sigeberht also established a school in his kingdom for boys to be taught reading and writing in Latin, on the model that he had witnessed in Gaul. Felix assisted him by obtaining teachers of the kind who taught in Kent. Paulinus of York was from 633 to 644 bishop of Rochester on the Medway, then the nearest bishopric in Kent to East Anglia. Paulinus had (according to the Whitby \"Life of Gregory the Great\") been connected with the court of Rædwald during the exile of Edwin. The allegiance of Felix to",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136621",
"text": "the Christian sacraments from Mellitus in Kent, presumably at the invitation of Æthelberht who may have been his baptismal sponsor. The date of this initiation is not exactly known, but since it is claimed that Augustine (d. c 604) dedicated a church near Ely, it may have followed Saebert's conversion fairly swiftly. In this way, Rædwald became aligned with Æthelberht's system of authority. Bede states that even during Æthelbert's lifetime Rædwald was building up the leadership of the southern English for his own nation of East Angles. In East Anglia Rædwald's conversion was not universally acceptable to his household, nor",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14000653",
"text": "down upon Christianity due to conquering the Christian British people decades earlier. It took almost a century to convert only the aristocracy of the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity with many still converting back to Paganism. After this, the common folk took a few hundred more years to convert to Christianity and their reasoning for converting was in large part due to the nobility. Originally, Anglo-Saxon leaders claimed divine descent while taking part in many rituals and practices for Paganism but after their conversion they in turn became spiritual leaders for Christianity in Britain. Soon Anglo-Saxons started to incorporate their old Pagan",
"title": "Christianity in the Middle Ages"
},
{
"id": "12998677",
"text": "request a pallium for Paulinus, which was sent in July 634. Many of the East Angles, whose king, Eorpwald appears to have converted to Christianity, were also converted by the missionaries. Following Edwin's death in battle, in either 633 or 634, Paulinus returned to Kent with Edwin's widow and daughter. Only one member of Paulinus' group stayed behind, James the Deacon. After Justus' departure from Northumbria, a new king, Oswald, invited missionaries from the Irish monastery of Iona, who worked to convert the kingdom. About the time that Edwin died in 633, a member of the East Anglian royal family,",
"title": "Gregorian mission"
},
{
"id": "12998624",
"text": "to preach freely in his capital of Canterbury. Soon the missionaries wrote to Gregory telling him of their success, and of the conversions taking place. The exact date of Æthelberht's conversion is unknown but it occurred before 601. A second group of monks and clergy was dispatched in 601 bearing books and other items for the new foundation. Gregory intended Augustine to be the metropolitan archbishop of the southern part of the British Isles, and gave him power over the clergy of the native Britons, but in a series of meetings with Augustine the long-established Celtic bishops refused to acknowledge",
"title": "Gregorian mission"
},
{
"id": "2632691",
"text": "nun in St. Croix, Poitiers). By Theodogilda (or Theudechild), a cowherd's daughter; Charibert had a son who died in infancy. Charibert married his daughter Bertha to Æthelberht, the pagan King of Kent. She took Bishop Liudhard with her as her private confessor. Her influence in the Kentish court was instrumental in the success of St. Augustine of Canterbury's mission in 597, effecting the conversion to Christianity of the first Anglo-Saxon ruler. In 556, Chlothar sent his sons Charibert and Gunthram (his youngest) against their stepmother, \"Chunna,\" and younger stepbrother, \"Chramn,\" who were in revolt. During ongoing negotiations, Chramn was hiding",
"title": "Charibert I"
},
{
"id": "1527975",
"text": "Catholic, and Anglican Churches. Paulinus was a monk from Rome sent to the Kingdom of Kent by Pope Gregory I in 601, along with Mellitus and others, as part of the second group of missionaries sent to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. He was probably an Italian by birth. The second group of missionaries arrived in Kent by 604, but little is known of Paulinus' further activities until he went to Northumbria. Paulinus remained in Kent until 625, when he was consecrated as bishop by Justus, the Archbishop of Canterbury, on 21 July. He then accompanied Æthelburg, the sister of",
"title": "Paulinus of York"
},
{
"id": "14136629",
"text": "Honorius, the Archbishop of Canterbury to assist Sigeberht. William of Malmesbury has the later story that Felix accompanied Sigeberht to East Anglia. In either case, this dates Sigeberht's accession to c629-630, because Felix was Bishop for 17 years, his successor Thomas for five, and his successor Berhtgisl Boniface for 17 - and Berhtgisl died in around 669. Sigeberht established the bishop's seat of his kingdom for Felix at Dommoc, claimed variously for Dunwich or Walton, Felixstowe (both coastal sites in Suffolk). If at Walton (as Rochester claimed during the thirteenth century), the site of Dommoc may have been within the",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "17487457",
"text": "St Augustine's Abbey St Augustine's Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in Canterbury, Kent, England. The abbey was founded in 598 and functioned as a monastery until its dissolution in 1538 during the English Reformation. After the abbey's dissolution, it underwent dismantlement until 1848. Since 1848, part of the site has been used for educational purposes and the abbey ruins have been preserved for their historical value. In 597, Augustine arrived in Anglo-Saxon England, having been sent by the missionary-minded Pope Gregory I to convert the Anglo-Saxons. The King of Kent at this time was Æthelberht or Ethelbert. Although he worshipped",
"title": "St Augustine's Abbey"
},
{
"id": "14136608",
"text": "Æthelberht encouraged conversion, he was unable to compel his subjects to become Christians. The historian R. A. Markus feels that this was due to a strong pagan presence in the kingdom, which forced the king to rely on indirect means including royal patronage and friendship to secure conversions. For Markus, this is demonstrated by the way in which Bede describes the king's conversion efforts, which when a subject converted, were to \"rejoice at their conversion\" and to \"hold believers in greater affection\". Eadbald came to the throne on the death of his father on 24 February 616, or possibly 618.",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136637",
"text": "him in mockery of his religion. According to this legend Augustine eventually returned and converted them by smashing their idol. Bede, however, says that the West Saxons were “completely heathen” until 635 when Birinus began preaching there. The joint kings Cynigils and Cwichelm were baptised in 635 or 636 with King Oswin of Northumbria as their godfather, and Bede claims the common population were converted also. When Cynegils died in 643 his son Cenwalh ascended to the throne; Bede said of Cenwalh, that he “refused to embrace the mysteries of the faith, and of the heavenly kingdom; and not long",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "383853",
"text": "western Saxons; their territory had a superabundance of pagan sites. Their king, Saeberht, was converted early and a diocese was established at London. Its first bishop, Mellitus, was expelled by Saeberht's heirs. The conversion of the East Saxons was completed under Cedd in the 650s and 660s. The continental Saxons were evangelised largely by English missionaries in the late 7th and early 8th centuries. Around 695, two early English missionaries, Hewald the White and Hewald the Black, were martyred by the \"vicani\", that is, villagers. Throughout the century that followed, villagers and other peasants proved to be the greatest opponents",
"title": "Saxons"
},
{
"id": "14136606",
"text": "son and referring to his baptism. A late medieval tradition, recorded by the 15th-century chronicler Thomas Elmham, gives the date of the king's conversion as Whit Sunday, or 2 June 597; there is no reason to doubt this date, but there is no other evidence for it. A letter of Gregory's to Patriarch Eulogius of Alexandria in June 598 mentions the number of converts made but does not mention any baptism of the king in 597, although it is clear that by 601 he had been converted. The royal baptism probably took place at Canterbury, but Bede does not mention",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "14136627",
"text": "a son of Eni, Rædwald's brother. Whoever Ecgric was, Sigeberht had equal or senior power while he ruled, because the influence of his religious patronage was felt both in eastern and western parts of the kingdom. Sigeberht's Christian conversion may have been a decisive factor in his achieving royal power, since at that time Edwin of Northumbria (616-632/3) was the senior English king, and only he and Eadbald of Kent were Christian rulers. Eadbald certainly had contacts with the Frankish rulers. After Dagobert succeeded Clothar II in Francia in 628, Sigeberht's emergence helped to strengthen the English conversion upon which",
"title": "Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "383851",
"text": "hatred of the upper class, which, with Frankish assistance, had marginalised them from political power, the lower classes (the \"plebeium vulgus\" or \"cives\") were a problem for Christian authorities as late as 836. The \"Translatio S.Liborii\" remarks on their obstinacy in pagan \"ritus et superstitio\" (usage and superstition). The conversion of the Saxons in England from their original Germanic religion to Christianity occurred in the early to late 7th century under the influence of the already converted Jutes of Kent. In the 630s, Birinus became the \"apostle to the West Saxons\" and converted Wessex, whose first Christian king was Cynegils.",
"title": "Saxons"
},
{
"id": "12998674",
"text": "was baptised soon after his father's death. Higham agrees with Kirby that Eadbald did not convert immediately, contending that the king supported Christianity but did not convert for at least eight years after his father's death. The spread of Christianity in the north of Britain gained ground when Edwin of Northumbria married Æthelburg, a daughter of Æthelbert, and agreed to allow her to continue to worship as a Christian. He also agreed to allow Paulinus of York to accompany her as a bishop, and for Paulinus to preach to the court. By 627, Paulinus had converted Edwin, and on Easter,",
"title": "Gregorian mission"
},
{
"id": "377178",
"text": "Saint Boniface Saint Boniface (; 675 – 5 June 754 AD), born Winfrid (also spelled Winifred, Wynfrith, Winfrith or Wynfryth) in the Devon town of Crediton, England, was a leading figure in the Anglo-Saxon mission to the Germanic parts of the Frankish Empire during the 8th century. He organized Christianity in many parts of Germania and was made archbishop of Mainz by Pope Gregory III. He was martyred in Frisia in 754, along with 52 others, and his remains were returned to Fulda, where they rest in a sarcophagus which became a site of pilgrimage. Boniface's life and death as",
"title": "Saint Boniface"
},
{
"id": "8237314",
"text": "In 601 AD Pope Gregory I wrote a letter to Mellitus (a member of the Gregorian mission sent to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons from their native paganism to Christianity) which read: When, therefore, Almighty God shall bring you to the most reverend man our brother bishop, St Augustine, tell him what I have, upon mature deliberation on the affair of the English, thought of; namely, that the temples of the idols in that nation ought not to be destroyed. Let holy water be made, and sprinkled in the said temples; let altars be erected, and let relics be deposited",
"title": "Wakes week"
},
{
"id": "5995658",
"text": "set about evangelising the rest of the British Isles, and Columba was sent to found a religious community in Iona, off the west coast of Scotland. Then Aidan was sent from Iona to set up his see in Northumbria, at Lindisfarne, between 635–651. Hence Northumbria was converted by the Celtic (Irish) church. Bede is very uncomplimentary about the indigenous British clergy: in his \"Historia ecclesiastica\" he complains of their \"unspeakable crimes\", and that they did not preach the faith to the Angles or Saxons. Pope Gregory I sent Augustine in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons, but Bede says the British",
"title": "History of Anglo-Saxon England"
},
{
"id": "8820847",
"text": "Romanus (bishop of Rochester) Romanus (died before 627) was the second bishop of Rochester and presumably was a member of the Gregorian mission sent to Kent to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism. Romanus was consecrated bishop around 624 and died before 627 by drowning. Little is known of his life beyond these facts. Presumably Romanus came to England with Augustine of Canterbury's mission to Kent, He would have arrived either in 597 with the first group of missionaries, or in 601 with the second group. He was consecrated as bishop by his predecessor Justus in 624, after",
"title": "Romanus (bishop of Rochester)"
},
{
"id": "8820850",
"text": "Bede for its information. Romanus (bishop of Rochester) Romanus (died before 627) was the second bishop of Rochester and presumably was a member of the Gregorian mission sent to Kent to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism. Romanus was consecrated bishop around 624 and died before 627 by drowning. Little is known of his life beyond these facts. Presumably Romanus came to England with Augustine of Canterbury's mission to Kent, He would have arrived either in 597 with the first group of missionaries, or in 601 with the second group. He was consecrated as bishop by his predecessor",
"title": "Romanus (bishop of Rochester)"
},
{
"id": "598913",
"text": "letter from \"Lucius, King of Britain\" or \"King of the Britons\", declaring an intention to convert to Christianity. No earlier accounts of this mission have been found. It is now generally considered to be a pious forgery, although there remains disagreement over its original purpose. Haddan, Stubbs, and Wilkins considered the passage \"manifestly written in the time and tone\" of St Prosper, secretary to Pope Leo the Great in the mid-5th century, and supportive of the missions of St Germanus and St Palladius. Duchesne dated the entry a little later to the pontificate of Boniface II around 530, and Mommsen",
"title": "Pope Eleutherius"
},
{
"id": "10044580",
"text": "come from Rome, and brought a joyful message, which most undoubtedly assured to all that took advantage of it everlasting joys in heaven, and a kingdom that would never end with the living and true God.” Æthelberht was not unfamiliar with Christianity because he had a Christian wife, and Bede says that there was even a church dedicated to St. Martin nearby. Æthelberht was converted eventually and Augustine remained in Canterbury. The Anglo-Saxon conversion in particular was a gradual process that necessarily included many compromises and syncretism. A famous letter from Pope Gregory to Mellitus in June 601, for example,",
"title": "Christianity and Paganism"
}
] | who was sent to england to convert the pagan anglo-saxons to christianity |
|
| [
{
"id": "1375380",
"text": "in successive years. In this event, golfers may use their children as caddies, which helps to create a family-friendly atmosphere. In 2008, the event was televised for the first time by ESPN. The winner of the par 3 competition, which is played the day before the tournament begins, wins a crystal bowl. As with the other majors, winning the Masters gives a golfer several privileges which make his career more secure. Masters champions are automatically invited to play in the other three majors (the U.S. Open, The Open Championship, and the PGA Championship) for the next five years (except for",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375353",
"text": "former plant nursery and co-designed Augusta National with course architect Alister MacKenzie. First played in 1934, the tournament is an official money event on the PGA Tour, the European Tour, and the Japan Golf Tour. The field of players is smaller than those of the other major championships because it is an invitational event, held by the Augusta National Golf Club. The tournament has a number of traditions. Since 1949, a green jacket has been awarded to the champion, who must return it to the clubhouse one year after his victory, although it remains his personal property and is stored",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "13566696",
"text": "added for each additional win with a maximum of five years. Winning a World Golf Championships event, The Tour Championship, the Arnold Palmer Invitational, or the Memorial Tournament provides a three-year exemption. Winners of the major championships and The Players Championship earn a five-year exemption. Other types of exemptions include lifetime exemptions for players with twenty wins on the tour; one-time, one year exemptions for players in the top fifty on the career money earnings list who are not otherwise exempt; two-time, one year exemptions for players in the top twenty-five on the career money list; and medical exemptions for",
"title": "PGA Tour"
},
{
"id": "1375352",
"text": "Masters Tournament The Masters Tournament (usually referred to as simply The Masters, or the U.S. Masters outside of North America) is one of the four major championships in professional golf. Scheduled for the first full week of April, the Masters is the first major of the year, and unlike the others, it is held at the same location, Augusta National Golf Club, a private course in the southeastern United States, in the city of Augusta, Georgia. The Masters was started by noted amateur champion Bobby Jones and investment banker Clifford Roberts. After his grand slam in 1930, Jones acquired the",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375391",
"text": "tournaments only do this on the weekend. This practice ended in the early 2000s, when the Masters switched to the more standard three-man groups and the groups are now kept in-tact on Friday, with players sharing the same playing partners in both of the first two rounds. After 36 holes of play, a cut-off score is calculated to reduce the size of the field for the weekend rounds. To \"make the cut\", players must be either in the top 50 places (ties counting), or within 10 strokes of the leader's score. These criteria have applied since 2013. From 1957 to",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375374",
"text": "end of the tournament. In 1966, Jack Nicklaus became the first player to win in consecutive years and he donned the jacket himself. When Nick Faldo (in 1990) and Tiger Woods (in 2002) repeated as champions, the chairman of Augusta National put the jacket on them. There are several awards presented to players who perform exceptional feats during the tournament. The player who has the daily lowest score receives a crystal vase, while players who score a hole-in-one or a double eagle win a large crystal bowl. For each eagle a player makes he receives a pair of crystal goblets.",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375392",
"text": "1960, the top 40 scores (including ties) and those within 10 strokes of the leader made the cut. From 1961 to 2012, it was the top 44 (and ties) or within 10 strokes of the lead. Before 1957, there was no 36-hole cut and all of the invitees played four rounds, if desired. Following the cut, an additional 36 holes are played over the final two days. Should the fourth round fail to produce a winner, all players tied for the lead enter a sudden-death playoff. Play begins on the 18th hole, followed by the adjacent 10th, repeating until one",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375362",
"text": "non-American to win the Masters in 1961, beating Palmer, the defending champion. In 1974, he won again by two strokes. After not winning a tournament on the U.S. PGA tour for nearly four years, and at the age of 42, Player won his third and final Masters in 1978 by one stroke over three players. Player currently shares (with Fred Couples) the record of making 23 consecutive cuts, and has played in a record 52 Masters. A controversial ending to the Masters occurred in 1968. Roberto De Vicenzo signed a scorecard (scored by playing partner Tommy Aaron) which incorrectly showed",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "4649581",
"text": "for which winners earn 100 points. For comparison, the winners of the four individual World Golf Championships generally receive between 70 and 78 points. The winner also receives a five-year exemption on the PGA Tour (formerly ten years), a three-year invitation to the Masters Tournament, three-year exemptions for the U.S. Open and The Open Championship, and an exemption to the next three PGA Championship tournaments starting in 2018. The winner earns 600 FedEx Cup points, if a PGA Tour member. The field consists of 144 players consisting of the following criteria: The Players Championship was conceived by the PGA Tour",
"title": "The Players Championship"
},
{
"id": "1375389",
"text": "been scheduled for the second Sunday of April, with several exceptions. It ended on the first Sunday four times (1952, 1957, 1958, 1959) and the 1979 and 1984 tournaments ended on April 15, the month's third Sunday. The first edition in 1934 was held in late March and the next ten were in early April, with only the 1942 event scheduled to end on the second Sunday. Similar to the other majors, the tournament consists of four rounds at 18 holes each, Thursday through Sunday (when there are no delays). The Masters has a relatively small field of contenders, when",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375372",
"text": "18th green in front of the patrons. Winners keep their jacket for the first year after their first victory, then return it to the club to wear whenever they visit. The tradition began in 1949, when Sam Snead won his first of three Masters titles. The green jacket is only allowed to be removed from Augusta National by the reigning champion, after which it must remain at the club. Exceptions to this rule include Gary Player, who in his joy of winning mistakenly took his jacket home to South Africa after his 1961 victory (although he has always followed the",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375363",
"text": "him as making a par 4 instead of a birdie 3 on the 17th hole of the final round. By the rules of golf, if a player signs a scorecard (thereby attesting to its veracity) that records a score on a hole higher than what he actually made on the hole, the player receives the higher score for that hole. This extra stroke cost De Vicenzo a chance to be in an 18-hole Monday playoff with Bob Goalby, who won the green jacket. De Vicenzo's mistake led to the famous quote, \"What a stupid I am.\" In 1975, Lee Elder",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375354",
"text": "with other champions' jackets in a specially designated cloakroom. In most instances, only a first-time and currently reigning champion may remove his jacket from the club grounds. A golfer who wins the event multiple times uses the same green jacket awarded upon his initial win (unless he needs to be re-fitted with a new jacket). The Champions Dinner, inaugurated by Ben Hogan in 1952, is held on the Tuesday before each tournament, and is open only to past champions and certain board members of the Augusta National Golf Club. Beginning in 1963, legendary golfers, usually past champions, have hit an",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375400",
"text": "Masters.) The first winner of the Masters Tournament was Horton Smith in 1934, and he repeated in 1936. The player with the most Masters victories is Jack Nicklaus, who won six times between 1963 and 1986. Arnold Palmer and Tiger Woods have each won four, and Jimmy Demaret, Gary Player, Sam Snead, Nick Faldo, and Phil Mickelson have three titles to their name. Player was the tournament's first overseas winner with his first victory in 1961. Two-time champions include Byron Nelson, Ben Hogan, Tom Watson, Seve Ballesteros, Bernhard Langer, Ben Crenshaw, José María Olazábal, and Bubba Watson. In 1952 the",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375419",
"text": "made nearly a year in advance and the successful applicants are chosen by random ballot. Tickets to the actual tournament are sold only to members of a patrons list, which is closed. A waiting list for the patrons list was opened in 1972 and closed in 1978. It was reopened in 2000 and subsequently closed once again. In 2008, the Masters also began allowing children (between the ages of 8 and 16) to enter on tournament days free if they are accompanied by the patron who is the owner of his or her badge. The difficulty in acquiring Masters badges",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "20006781",
"text": "2018 Masters Tournament The 2018 Masters Tournament was the 82nd edition of the Masters Tournament and the first of golf's four major championships in 2018. It was held April 5–8 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Patrick Reed won his first major title with a final round 71 (−1) for 273 (−15), one stroke ahead of runner-up Rickie Fowler. The 2018 Masters Tournament was the 63rd Masters Tournament to be televised by CBS with early round coverage airing on ESPN using CBS production crews. The Masters has the smallest field of the four major championships. Officially, the Masters",
"title": "2018 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375381",
"text": "amateur winners, unless they turn pro within the five-year period), and earn a lifetime invitation to the Masters. They also receive membership on the PGA Tour for the following five seasons and invitations to The Players Championship for five years. Because the tournament was established by an amateur champion, Bobby Jones, the Masters has a tradition of honoring amateur golf. It invites winners of the most prestigious amateur tournaments in the world. Also, the current U.S. Amateur champion always plays in the same group as the defending Masters champion for the first two days of the tournament. Amateurs in the",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "3224214",
"text": "carried one-tenth of the ranking points of other tournaments. but most of the top players did not enter, so it lost ranking status from the next season. The event was then moved to Edinburgh in 1994/1995 for three years, to Malvern in 1997/1998 for four years and to Mansfield in 2001/2002 for two years. In 2003/2004 the event was renamed to Masters Qualifying Event due to restrictions on tobacco advertising in the United Kingdom. The event was held in Prestatyn; the top 16 players were excluded from the event and other non-participating Main Tour members were replaced by top players",
"title": "Masters Qualifying Event"
},
{
"id": "19878543",
"text": "9–6 to capture his first ranking title in his 26-year career, having trailed 2–5. Aged 45 he also became the oldest ranking event winner since Doug Mountjoy was 46 winning the Classic in 1989. The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below: The \"rolling 147 prize\" for a maximum break stood at £10,000 (€13,300). These matches were played between 6 and 9 December 2016 at the Barnsley Metrodome in Barnsley, England. All matches were best of 9 frames. Ali Carter made the 125th official maximum break in the fourth frame of his round 1 qualifying match against",
"title": "2017 German Masters"
},
{
"id": "1375375",
"text": "In addition to the green jacket, winners of the tournament receive a gold medal. They have their names engraved on the actual silver Masters trophy, introduced in 1961, which depicts the clubhouse. This trophy remains at Augusta National; since 1993 winners have received a sterling silver replica. The runner-up receives a silver medal, introduced in 1951. Beginning in 1978, a silver salver was added as an award for the runner-up. In 1952 the Masters began presenting an award, known as the Silver Cup, to the lowest scoring amateur to make the cut. In 1954 they began presenting an amateur silver",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375371",
"text": "$612,000, and the purse grew by $3,400,000. In addition to a cash prize, the winner of the tournament is presented with a distinctive green jacket, formally awarded since 1949, and informally acquired by the champions for many years before that. The green sport coat is the official attire worn by members of Augusta National while on the club grounds; each Masters winner becomes an honorary member of the club. The recipient of the green jacket has it presented to him inside the Butler Cabin soon after the end of the tournament, and the presentation is then repeated outside near the",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375398",
"text": "basis to players who meet published criteria. The top 50 players in the Official World Golf Ranking are all invited. Past champions are always eligible, but since 2002 the Augusta National Golf Club has discouraged them from continuing to participate at an advanced age. Some will later become honorary starters. Most of the top current players will meet the criteria of multiple categories for invitation. The Masters Committee, at its discretion, can also invite any golfer not otherwise qualified, although in practice these invitations are currently reserved for international players. Changes for the 2014 tournament include invitations now being awarded",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "19437315",
"text": "Watson, have each won the tournament on more than one occasion. The result of the tournament has been decided by a playoff on 20 occasions, while the contest has concluded with a tie twice. Just 14 of the 59 winners (including ties) are non-American. No winner of the Par-3 contest has gone on to win the Masters in the same year. Key – the contest ended in a tie. <nowiki>*</nowiki> – the contest ended in a playoff. (2), (3)... – second, third victory for the winner, etc. Masters Tournament Par-3 contest The Masters Tournament Par-3 contest is a golf competition",
"title": "Masters Tournament Par-3 contest"
},
{
"id": "4594372",
"text": "re-qualify for a tour card on his home tour, thus giving a tournament golfer some security in an unstable profession. Currently, the PGA Tour gives a five-year exemption to all major winners, while the European Tour gives a seven-year exemption. Three of the four majors take place in the United States. The Masters is played at the same course, Augusta National Golf Club, every year, while the other three rotate courses (the Open Championship, however, is always played on a links course). Each of the majors has a distinct history, and they are run by four different golf organizations, but",
"title": "Men's major golf championships"
},
{
"id": "13275184",
"text": "qualified, but other categories are shown in parentheses. 1. Past Masters Champions<br> Ángel Cabrera (2,11,15,17,18,19), Fred Couples, Ben Crenshaw, Trevor Immelman, Zach Johnson (15,16,17,18,19), Bernhard Langer, Sandy Lyle, Phil Mickelson (4,5,11,12,15,16,17,18,19), Larry Mize, Mark O'Meara, Vijay Singh (18,19), Craig Stadler, Tom Watson (13), Mike Weir (15,17,18,19), Tiger Woods (2,3,4,11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19), Ian Woosnam (Past champions who did not play: Tommy Aaron, Seve Ballesteros, Jack Burke, Jr., Billy Casper, Charles Coody, Nick Faldo, Raymond Floyd, Doug Ford, Bob Goalby, Jack Nicklaus, José María Olazábal, Arnold Palmer, Gary Player, and Fuzzy Zoeller). Nicklaus joined Palmer as \"honorary starters\" and teed off on the first",
"title": "2010 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "20844804",
"text": "prize money for this year is shown below: The \"rolling 147 prize\" for a maximum break: £10,000 These matches were held between 17 and 18 August 2018 at the Preston Guild Hall in Preston, England. All matches were best of 7 frames. Total: 24 Total: 18 2018 European Masters The 2018 D88.com European Masters was a professional ranking snooker tournament, that took place from 1 to 7 October 2018 in Lommel, Belgium. It was the fifth ranking event of the 2018/2019 season. Qualifying took place on 17 and 18 August 2018 in Preston, England. Judd Trump was the defending champion",
"title": "2018 European Masters"
},
{
"id": "1375402",
"text": "top tens, with 22, and the most cuts made, with 37. The youngest winner of the Masters is Tiger Woods, who was old when he won in 1997. In that year Woods also broke the records for the widest winning margin (12 strokes), and the lowest winning score, with 270 (−18). Jordan Spieth tied his score record in 2015. In 2013, Guan Tianlang became the youngest player ever to compete in the Masters, at age on the opening day of the tournament; the following day, he became the youngest ever to make the cut at the Masters or any men's",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "3051510",
"text": "to a predetermined hole, and then play it and others in order as needed. If at least two players are tied, player(s) who score higher on a hole than the other competitors is/are immediately eliminated, and those still tied continue play until one remaining player has a lower score for a hole than any of the others remaining, who is declared the winner. Of the four men's major championships, only The Masters uses a sudden-death playoff format, first used in 1979. Through 2017 (and last used in 2008), the had an 18-hole playoff at stroke play on the day after",
"title": "Sudden death (sport)"
},
{
"id": "17719996",
"text": "It also took the total number of maximum breaks for the season to five. Ali Carter was the defending champion, but he lost 4–5 against Dechawat Poomjaeng in the last 64. Ding Junhui won his 10th ranking title by defeating Judd Trump 9–5 in the final. Ding became the first player to win four ranking events in a single season since Stephen Hendry in 1990/1991. The total prize money of the event was raised to €337,100 from the previous year's €300,000. The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below: These matches were played on 11 and 12",
"title": "2014 German Masters"
},
{
"id": "3224216",
"text": "Drago against Stuart Bingham. The last came at the 2005 event by Bingham against Marcus Campbell. There was one further maximum break by Terry Murphy against Robert Thallon in 1993, but it was not officially ratified due to non-templated tables. Masters Qualifying Event The Masters Qualifying Event was a professional snooker tournament, which ran from 1990 to 2009. Each season, the winner of the event was awarded a wild-card to play at the Masters. At the 1990 Masters two wild-cards were added to the tournament and the following season a qualifying tournament was established for one of these wild-cards. The",
"title": "Masters Qualifying Event"
},
{
"id": "1375370",
"text": "by three strokes over Jordan Spieth and Jonas Blixt. It was his second Masters victory in three years. In 2015, Spieth would become the second-youngest winner in just his second Masters. The total prize money for the 2014 tournament was $9,000,000, with $1,620,000 going to the winner. In the inaugural year of 1934, the winner Horton Smith received $1,500 out of a $5,000 purse. After Nicklaus's first win in 1963, he received $20,000, while after his final victory in 1986 he won $144,000. In recent years the purse has grown quickly. Between 2001 and 2014, the winner's share grew by",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "8448021",
"text": "shot stopped four feet (1.3 m) from the pin. Brooks' birdie attempt missed from and Dunlap two-putted for the win. The winner's share was $300,000 and along with the trophy, he received a leather flight jacket. \"this list may be incomplete\" Champions Tour playoff record (1–0) \"Note: Dunlap never played in the Masters Tournament.\"<br> CUT = missed the half-way cut<br> \"T\" = tied Scott Dunlap Scott Michael Dunlap (born August 16, 1963) is an American professional golfer who currently plays on the Champions Tour, having previously been a member of the PGA Tour. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Dunlap grew up",
"title": "Scott Dunlap"
},
{
"id": "9558762",
"text": "Higgins seeded 2. Places were allocated to the top 16 players in the world rankings. Players seeded 15 and 16 played in the wild-card round against the winner of the qualifying event, David Gray (ranked 61), and Jimmy White (ranked 18), who was the wild-card selection. David Gray and Mark King were making their debuts in the Masters. The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below: Winner: £155,000 Runner-up: £80,000 Semi-finalist: £40,000 Quarter finalist: £26,000 Last 16: £15,000 Wild-card round: £9,000 High break Prize: £18,000 Maximum break: B&H Gold Award and a Honda car Total: £575,000 In",
"title": "1999 Masters (snooker)"
},
{
"id": "5173309",
"text": "British Masters The British Masters is a professional golf tournament. It was founded in 1946 as the Dunlop Masters and was held every year up to 2008, except for 1984. Dunlop's sponsorship ended in 1982, and the name sponsor changed frequently thereafter, with the word \"British\" usually also in the tournament's official name. The tournament was not held from 2009 to 2014 but returned to the schedule in 2015. The 2015 event was held at Woburn and was won by Matthew Fitzpatrick. Alex Norén won in 2016 at The Grove while Paul Dunne won in 2017 at Close House Golf",
"title": "British Masters"
},
{
"id": "19720552",
"text": "champion Ding Junhui withdrew. Former professional Zak Surety and Daniel Womersley were the only two amateur players to qualify. Judd Trump won the event by defeating Ronnie O'Sullivan 9–8 in the final. This was Trump's sixth ranking title. The breakdown of prize money from this year is shown below: The \"rolling 147 prize\" for a maximum break stood at £5,000 for the televised stage and at £11,000 for the qualifiers. These matches were held between 26 and 28 September 2016 at the Preston Guild Hall in Preston, England. All matches were best of 7 frames. 2016 European Masters The 2016",
"title": "2016 European Masters"
},
{
"id": "19450739",
"text": "Lyle, Phil Mickelson (3,14,17,18,19), Larry Mize, José María Olazábal, Mark O'Meara, Charl Schwartzel (17,18,19), Adam Scott (17,18,19), Vijay Singh, Jordan Spieth (2,12,16,17,18,19), Bubba Watson (17,18,19), Mike Weir, Danny Willett (12,18,19), Ian Woosnam Martin Kaymer (5,19), Justin Rose (6,12,18,19), Webb Simpson Ernie Els, Rory McIlroy (4,12,16,17,18,19), Henrik Stenson (14,18,19) Jason Day (5,12,15,16,17,18,19), Jason Dufner (17), Jimmy Walker (15,17,18,19) Rickie Fowler (16,18,19) Brad Dalke (a), Curtis Luck (a,9) Scott Gregory (a) Toto Gana (a) Stewart Hagestad (a) Daniel Berger (16,17,18,19), Paul Casey (17,18,19), Matthew Fitzpatrick (18,19), J. B. Holmes (14,17,18,19), Søren Kjeldsen (18), Hideki Matsuyama (15,16,17,18,19), Brandt Snedeker (17,18,19), Lee Westwood (18)",
"title": "2017 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "19437314",
"text": "them to play shots on their behalf. Numerous holes in one have been made during the history of the tournament, including nine in the 2016 tournament. Snead became the tournament's first multiple winner when he triumphed in the 1974 event. The most recent winner, in 2018, is Tom Watson, who won his second Par-3 contest 36 years after winning his first in 1982. Jimmy Walker holds the course record, which he set in 2016, with a round of 8 under par, including a hole in one. Seven players, Snead, Isao Aoki, Jay Haas, Sandy Lyle, David Toms, Pádraig Harrington and",
"title": "Masters Tournament Par-3 contest"
},
{
"id": "10666338",
"text": "of Woody Austin and Miguel Ángel Jiménez. Four players hit a hole-in-one. Paul Azinger on the second hole, Charles Coody on the third, Fred Couples on the seventh and Wayne Grady on the ninth. The Masters Tournament is played over four days with an eighteen-hole round being played each day, for a total of 72 holes plus practice rounds and a par-three contest on the neighboring par-three course. Everyone outside the top 44 and ties or outside ten strokes of the leader will be “cut” after 36 holes. \"Thursday, April 10, 2008\" After an hour delay due to fog, Justin",
"title": "2008 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "19450740",
"text": "Jim Furyk (18), Shane Lowry (18), Scott Piercy (18,19) Steve Stricker Branden Grace (15,16,18,19), Brooks Koepka (18,19), Daniel Summerhays Sergio García (18,19), Adam Hadwin (19), James Hahn, Russell Henley, Charley Hoffman, Mackenzie Hughes, Billy Hurley III, Kim Si-woo (17), Russell Knox (17,18,19), Marc Leishman (19), William McGirt (17,18), Ryan Moore (17,18,19), Rod Pampling, Pat Perez, Jon Rahm (19), Patrick Reed (17,18,19), Brendan Steele, Brian Stuard, Hudson Swafford, Justin Thomas (17,18,19), Jhonattan Vegas (17) Roberto Castro, Kevin Chappell (18,19), Emiliano Grillo (18,19), Kevin Kisner (19), Matt Kuchar (18,19), Kevin Na (18), Sean O'Hair, Gary Woodland (18,19) An Byeong-hun, Rafael Cabrera-Bello (19),",
"title": "2017 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "18713489",
"text": "Rae's Creek. Willett shot a bogey-free 67 to overtake Spieth when the leader faltered on the back nine. Willett became the first European to win the Masters since 1999, and the first Englishman to do so since Nick Faldo in 1996. This was the final Masters appearance for former champion Tom Watson. The course was formerly a plant nursery and each hole on the course is named after the tree or shrub with which it has become associated. The Masters has the smallest field of the four major championships. Officially, the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is a",
"title": "2016 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "20006783",
"text": "Adam Scott (11,17), Vijay Singh, Jordan Spieth (2,3,11,13,15,16,17,18), Bubba Watson (15,18), Mike Weir, Danny Willett, Tiger Woods, Ian Woosnam Dustin Johnson (15,16,17,18), Martin Kaymer, Justin Rose (11,15,16,17,18) Rory McIlroy (4,11,13,15,17,18), Henrik Stenson (15,17,18) Jason Day (5,15,16,17,18), Jason Dufner (15,16,17,18), Justin Thomas (14,15,16,17,18), Jimmy Walker Rickie Fowler (11,16,17,18), Kim Si-woo (17,18) Doug Ghim (a), Doc Redman (a) Harry Ellis (a) Lin Yuxin (a) Matt Parziale (a) Joaquín Niemann (a) Paul Casey (15,16,17,18), Kevin Chappell (15,16,17,18), Russell Henley (16,17), Matt Kuchar (13,16,17,18), Hideki Matsuyama (12,15,16,17,18), Ryan Moore, Thomas Pieters (17,18) Tommy Fleetwood (17,18), Brian Harman (15,16,17,18) Rafael Cabrera-Bello (17,18), Li Haotong (18)",
"title": "2018 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375418",
"text": "the tournament beginning 2016 under a multi-year deal. Broadcast television coverage moved to co-owned broadcast network CTV, while TSN uses its expanded five-channel service to carry supplemental feeds (including the Amen Corner feed and early coverage of each round) that were previously exclusive to digital platforms. In 53 countries, including much of Latin America, broadcast rights for the entire tournament are held by the ESPN International networks. Although tickets for the Masters are not expensive, they are very difficult to come by. Even the practice rounds can be difficult to get into. Applications for practice round tickets have to be",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375390",
"text": "compared with other golf tournaments, so the competitors play in groups of three for the first two rounds (36 holes) and the field is not split to start on the 1st and 10th tees, unless weather shortens the available playing time. The tournament is unique in that it is the only major tournament conducted by a private club rather than a national golf organization like the PGA. Originally, the Masters was the only tournament to use two-man pairings during the first two rounds. It was also the only event to re-pair based on the leaderboard before Friday's round, as most",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "3228317",
"text": "Masters (snooker) The Masters is a professional invitational snooker tournament. Held every year since 1975, it is the second-longest running tournament behind the World Championship. It is one of the Triple Crown events, and although not a ranking event, it is regarded as one of the most prestigious tournaments on the circuit. The reigning champion is Mark Allen. The Masters began as an invitational event for 10 top players. The field was expanded to 12 competitors in 1981, and 16 in 1983. Since 1984, the standard invitees have been the top 16 players in the world rankings, with the addition",
"title": "Masters (snooker)"
},
{
"id": "3228335",
"text": "Walden and Gary Wilkinson. None of the players who played in the wild-card round won the tournament although two players, John Higgins (in 1995) and Ding Junhui (in 2007) reached the final. Both these players were wild-card selections. Two seeded players who played in the wild-card round reached the semi-final, Jimmy White (in 2004) and Mark Williams (in 2010). The winner of the Qualifying Event never got beyond the last-16 round. Masters (snooker) The Masters is a professional invitational snooker tournament. Held every year since 1975, it is the second-longest running tournament behind the World Championship. It is one of",
"title": "Masters (snooker)"
},
{
"id": "19450738",
"text": "José María Olazábal The Masters has the smallest field of the four major championships. Officially, the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is a set of qualifying criteria that determines who is included in the field. Each player is classified according to the first category by which he qualified, with other categories in which he qualified shown in parentheses. Golfers who qualify based solely on their performance in amateur tournaments (categories 7–11) must remain amateurs on the starting day of the tournament to be eligible to play. Ángel Cabrera, Fred Couples, Trevor Immelman, Zach Johnson (3,18,19), Bernhard Langer, Sandy",
"title": "2017 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375399",
"text": "to the autumn events in the PGA Tour, which now begin the wraparound season, tightening of qualifications (top 12 plus ties from the Masters, top 4 from the U.S. Open, Open Championship, and PGA Championship), and the top 30 on the PGA Tour now referencing the season-ending points before the Tour Championship, not the former annual money list. The 2015 Masters added the winner of the newly established Latin America Amateur Championship, which effectively replaced the exemption for the United States Amateur Public Links Championship, which ended after the 2014 tournament. (The final Public Links champion played in the 2015",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "4581346",
"text": "more than one Spotlight round per game. The team with the higher score after five rounds won the game and remained on the show to face a new challenger. Teams were awarded Bronze, Silver, or Gold Medal status for winning two, three, or four games, respectively, and any team with four wins retired from the show. At the end of each series, the eight best-performing teams (ranked first by medal status, then by total score), returned for a single-elimination tournament. These games included an additional round format, It's All Yours, in which each team had 60 seconds to answer as",
"title": "Masterteam"
},
{
"id": "20006795",
"text": "at 15 into the water and making bogey, finishing alone in fourth place. McIlroy settled for a two-over round of 74 and tied for fifth, six shots behind Reed. Final round scoring average was 70.49, believed to be the lowest single round scoring average in the history of the Masters. Amateur: Ghim (+8) \"Cumulative tournament scores, relative to par\"<br> 2018 Masters Tournament The 2018 Masters Tournament was the 82nd edition of the Masters Tournament and the first of golf's four major championships in 2018. It was held April 5–8 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Patrick Reed won",
"title": "2018 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "3224215",
"text": "from the Challenge Tour Order of Merit. After a season away, the Masters Qualifying Event returned to the calendar in 2005/2006, and was moved to the English Institute of Sport in Sheffield next season for three years. The event was last held in Prestatyn during the 2010/11 season. There has been five official maximum breaks during the history of the tournament. Karl Burrows made the first against Adrian Rosa in 1999. The second was made in 2000 by David McLellan against Steve Meakin, the third in 2001 by Shaun Murphy against Adrian Rosa and the fourth in 2002 by Tony",
"title": "Masters Qualifying Event"
},
{
"id": "20659879",
"text": "parentheses. Dates when a qualifying category will be completely determined are indicated in italics. Golfers who qualify based solely on their performance in amateur tournaments (categories 6–10) must remain amateurs on the starting day of the tournament to be eligible to play. Ángel Cabrera, Fred Couples, Sergio García (17), Trevor Immelman, Zach Johnson (3), Bernhard Langer, Sandy Lyle, Phil Mickelson (16,17), Larry Mize, José María Olazábal, Patrick Reed (11,12,16,17), Charl Schwartzel, Adam Scott (14,17), Vijay Singh, Jordan Spieth (2,3,11,17), Bubba Watson (11,15,16,17), Mike Weir, Danny Willett, Tiger Woods (14,15,16,17), Ian Woosnam Dustin Johnson (11,12,15,16,17), Martin Kaymer, Brooks Koepka (4,12,14,15,16,17) Rory",
"title": "2019 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "19803348",
"text": "from Ottawa to win her first ever Grand Slam event. The total purse for both the men's and women's event was $125,000 with the winner's share being $30,000. This is the largest purse in Masters history. \"Final Round Robin Standings\" \"Tuesday, October 25, 7:00 pm\" \"Wednesday, October 26, 09:00 am\" \"Wednesday, October 26, 12:30 pm\" \"Wednesday, October 26, 4:00 pm\" \"Wednesday, October 26, 7:30 pm\" \"Thursday, October 27, 9:00 am\" \"Thursday, October 27, 12:30 pm\" \"Thursday, October 27, 4:00 pm\" \"Thursday, October 27, 7:30 pm\" \"Friday, October 28, 9:00 am\" \"Friday, October 31, 7:30 pm\" \"Friday, October 31, 4:00 pm\"",
"title": "2016 WFG Masters"
},
{
"id": "4731896",
"text": "golf, was the only player in the world top 50 to take part, for which he acknowledged receiving a large appearance fee. After finishing the first round in a tie for 81st place, he surged through the field over the next three days to win the tournament. By 2007, the tournament had one of the strongest fields on the European Tour, with 48 world ranking points for the winner. In 2015, the prize fund was US$2.5 million. The tournament holds the European Tour record for the fewest shots between the halfway leaders (−6) and the cut mark (−1) – five",
"title": "Qatar Masters"
},
{
"id": "15937609",
"text": "need be attempted at once. It is allowed to take the blind tasting and service exam in successive years. Once the first portion is passed, a candidate has a three year window, starting with the first attempt, to pass all three portions i.e. a candidate can pass one part each year for about three consecutive years and successfully become a Master. If all three parts are not passed in the three year window the candidate resets to zero and must retake all parts. The minimum score for each of the three sections to pass is 75% at the Master Sommelier",
"title": "Court of Master Sommeliers"
},
{
"id": "10680478",
"text": "1934 Masters Tournament The 1934 Masters Tournament was the first Masters Tournament, held March 22–25 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. It was officially known as the \"Augusta National Invitation Tournament\" for its first five editions, but informally as the Masters from the start. Horton Smith won the event with a birdie putt at the 17th hole (now the 8th hole), and finished at 284 (−4), one stroke ahead of runner-up Craig Wood. (The current nines were reversed in 1934, switched to the current configuration prior to the 1935 event.) Tournament co-founder and host Bobby Jones finished ten",
"title": "1934 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "20006784",
"text": "Francesco Molinari (17,18), Louis Oosthuizen (17,18), Patrick Reed (16,17,18) Daniel Berger (16,17,18), Wesley Bryan, Patrick Cantlay (16,17,18), Austin Cook, Bryson DeChambeau, Billy Horschel, Kevin Kisner (16,17,18), Patton Kizzire, Marc Leishman (16,17,18), Pat Perez (16,17,18), Ted Potter Jr., Ian Poulter, Jon Rahm (16,17,18), Xander Schauffele (16,17,18), Kyle Stanley (16,17,18), Brendan Steele (17,18), Jhonattan Vegas (16,17), Gary Woodland (16,18) Tony Finau (17,18), Adam Hadwin (18), Charley Hoffman (17,18), Webb Simpson (17,18) Kiradech Aphibarnrat (18), Ross Fisher (18), Matthew Fitzpatrick (18), Branden Grace (18), Tyrrell Hatton (18), Yuta Ikeda, Yūsaku Miyazato, Alex Norén (18), Bernd Wiesberger Dylan Frittelli, Satoshi Kodaira, Chez Reavie, Cameron",
"title": "2018 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "10936844",
"text": "a score of 22. Brewer rebounded and won the tournament the next year, while Nicklaus' attempt at three consecutive titles ended early with a rare missed cut. Jacobs never won a major; he was also a runner-up in the U.S. Open in 1964 at Congressional. CBS commentator Jack Whitaker referred to the gallery at the end of the 18-hole Monday playoff as a \"mob\" and was banned from the next five Masters (1967–1971). ^ \"Thursday, April 7, 1966\" \"Friday, April 8, 1966\" \"Saturday, April 9, 1966\" \"Sunday, April 10, 1966\" \"Final round\" \"Cumulative tournament scores, relative to par\" \"Monday, April",
"title": "1966 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "3228319",
"text": "champion is O'Sullivan, who won his first title in 1995 aged 19 years and 69 days. Three maximum breaks have been made in the history of the tournament, all by overseas players. Canada's Kirk Stevens made the first in 1984, China's Ding Junhui made the second in 2007 and Hong Kong's Marco Fu made the third in 2015. The tournament was held for the first time in 1975 at the West Centre Hotel in London, when ten leading players were invited. The event was sponsored by the cigarette company Benson & Hedges. John Spencer won the inaugural tournament by defeating",
"title": "Masters (snooker)"
},
{
"id": "13649372",
"text": "cash that would have gone into the Masters Series prizes was instead used for a final payout at the end of the season based on . This payout was in turn replaced by the Pro Player's Club two years later. Masters Series (Magic: The Gathering) The Masters Series or simply Masters were single-elimination \"\" tournaments open to the most accomplished players only. These tournaments awarded cash prizes upon entrance and were held at several each season. The first predecessor to the Masters Series, named Team Challenge, was held at the 2000 Pro Tour New York. In the following seasons Masters",
"title": "Masters Series (Magic: The Gathering)"
},
{
"id": "10680479",
"text": "strokes back at 294, tied for thirteenth place. The total purse was $5,000 and the winner's share was $1,500. \"Thursday, March 22, 1934\" \"Friday, March 23, 1934\" \"Saturday, March 24, 1934\" \"Sunday, March 25, 1934\" 1934 Masters Tournament The 1934 Masters Tournament was the first Masters Tournament, held March 22–25 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. It was officially known as the \"Augusta National Invitation Tournament\" for its first five editions, but informally as the Masters from the start. Horton Smith won the event with a birdie putt at the 17th hole (now the 8th hole), and finished",
"title": "1934 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375408",
"text": "internet, preceding the television broadcasts. In 2008, CBS added full coverage of holes 15 and 16 live on the web. In 2011, \"Masters Extra\" was dropped after officials gave ESPN an extra hour each day on Thursday and Friday. In 2016, the Amen Corner feed was broadcast in 4K ultra high definition exclusively on DirecTV—as one of the first live U.S. sports telecasts in the format. A second channel of 4K coverage covering holes 15 and 16 was added in 2017, and this coverage was produced with high-dynamic-range (HDR) color in 2018. While Augusta National Golf Club has consistently chosen",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "11728379",
"text": "1976 Masters Tournament The 1976 Masters Tournament was the 40th Masters Tournament, held April 8–11 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Raymond Floyd won his only Masters title, eight strokes ahead of runner-up Ben Crenshaw. He shot a 131 (−13) over the first two rounds, then posted two rounds of 70 on the weekend to tie Jack Nicklaus' record of 271 (−17), set in 1965. In the first three rounds, Floyd was under-par on every par-5, with eleven birdies and an eagle, and his 54-hole total of 201 (−15) was the lowest ever. Defending champion Nicklaus was the",
"title": "1976 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375401",
"text": "Masters began presenting an award, known as the Silver Cup, to the lowest-scoring amateur to make the cut. In 1954 they began presenting an amateur silver medal to the low amateur runner-up. There have been six players to win low amateur and then go on to win the Masters as a professional. These players are Cary Middlecoff, Jack Nicklaus, Ben Crenshaw, Phil Mickelson, Tiger Woods and Sergio García. Jack Nicklaus has won the most Masters (six) and was old when he won in 1986, making him the oldest winner of the Masters. Nicklaus is the record holder for the most",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375379",
"text": "the Wednesday before the tournament starts. The par 3 course was built in 1958. It is a nine-hole course, with a par of 27, and measures in length. There have been 94 holes-in-one in the history of the contest, with a record nine occurring in 2016. Camilo Villegas became the first player to card two holes-in-one in the same round during the 2015 Par 3 Contest. No par 3 contest winner has also won the Masters in the same year. There have been several repeat winners, including Pádraig Harrington, Sandy Lyle, Sam Snead, and Tom Watson. The former two won",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375403",
"text": "major championship. Gary Player holds the record for most appearances, with 52. Player also holds the record for the number of consecutive cuts made, with 23 between 1959 and 1982 (Player did not compete in 1973 as he was recovering from recent surgery). He shares this record with Fred Couples, who made his consecutive cuts between 1983 and 2007, not competing in 1987 and 1994. Nick Price and Greg Norman share the course record of 63, with their rounds coming in 1986 and 1996 respectively. The highest winning score of 289 (+1) has occurred three times: Sam Snead in 1954,",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "3228323",
"text": "Stephen Hendry 10–9 after having trailed 6–9. In the 2000 final Ken Doherty missed the final black in a 147 attempt, the first time this had happened in competition, and eventually lost to Matthew Stevens. After the 2003 Masters, Benson & Hedges had to end their sponsorship of the event due to UK restrictions on tobacco advertising, and the tournament was unsponsored in 2004. In 2005, Rileys Club became the sponsor of the event. There was also no qualifying competition, and both wild-card places were awarded by the governing body, but the competition returned the following season. SAGA Insurance took",
"title": "Masters (snooker)"
},
{
"id": "4662645",
"text": "high status men's professional golf tournaments around the world in the previous twelve months. The field was expanded in 1984 to include some international players, all tour event winners, and the top fifteen on the current money list, with 47 players eligible. The expansion wasn't well-received by all players, and a notable absence was Seve Ballesteros of Spain, who opted out. Major winners: M = Masters, U = U.S. Open, O = Open Championship, P = PGA Championship<br> Alternate winners: C = Canadian Open, W = Western Open ^ Third place was $5,000 in the first three editions (1962–64) NEC",
"title": "NEC World Series of Golf"
},
{
"id": "17251305",
"text": "The trio finished T-14, T-14, and T-20, respectively, so Woods remained number one. The Masters has the smallest field of the four major championships. Officially, the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is a set of qualifying criteria that determines who is included in the field. Each player is classified according to the first category by which he qualified, with other categories in which he qualified shown in parentheses. Golfers who qualify based solely on their performance in amateur tournaments (categories 6–10) must remain amateurs on the starting day of the tournament to be eligible to play. 1. Past",
"title": "2014 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "10870868",
"text": "was tied with Ben Hogan and two others for second place after two rounds at 141, one stroke behind leader Palmer at 140. Palmer was the sole leader after all four rounds and was the second wire-to-wire winner at the Masters, following Craig Wood in 1941. Subsequent wire-to-wire winners were Jack Nicklaus in 1972, Raymond Floyd in 1976, and Jordan Spieth in 2015. The 36-hole cut rule was slightly modified this year to include all golfers in the top 40 plus ties or within 10 strokes of the lead. Previously the cut rule at the Masters (instituted in 1957) was",
"title": "1960 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "11728347",
"text": "1974 Masters Tournament The 1974 Masters Tournament was the 38th Masters Tournament, held on April 11–14 at the Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Gary Player won the second of his three Masters titles at 278 (−10), two strokes ahead of runners-up Dave Stockton and Tom Weiskopf. It was the seventh of his nine major championships. Player did not enter the previous year's tournament due to leg and abdominal surgery; it was the only Masters that he missed in 53 years. Defending champion Tommy Aaron missed the cut by two strokes. Jack Burke, Jr., the 1956 champion, competed at",
"title": "1974 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "11212158",
"text": "1984 Masters (snooker) The 1984 Benson & Hedges Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 22–29 January 1984 at the Wembley Conference Centre. The Masters, in its 10th year, changed the format into a championship for the game's top 16 ranked players. The BBC extended their television coverage to show all 8 days of the event and the prize money was more than double that of the previous year. Defending champion Cliff Thorburn lost to John Spencer in the first round, but it was fellow Canadian Kirk Stevens' maximum break against Jimmy White in the 9th",
"title": "1984 Masters (snooker)"
},
{
"id": "11728366",
"text": "been a full 18-hole round on Monday. Prior to the next Masters in 1976, a sudden-death format was introduced and was first used in 1979. Through 2017, Nicklaus remains the only winner of five Masters; he won his sixth Masters eleven years later in 1986 at age 46. \"Thursday, April 10, 1975\" \"Friday, April 11, 1975\" \"Saturday, April 12, 1975\" Nicklaus entered the weekend with a five-shot lead but struggled with a one-over 73 in the final pairing with Arnold Palmer. Weiskopf carded a 66 (–6) to take a one-stroke lead and Miller a 65 to climb into solo third.",
"title": "1975 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "1375364",
"text": "became the first African American to play in the Masters, doing so 15 years before Augusta National admitted its first black member, Ron Townsend, as a result of the Shoal Creek Controversy. Non-Americans collected 11 victories in 20 years in the 1980s and 1990s, by far the strongest run they have had in any of the three majors played in the United States since the early days of the U.S. Open. The first European to win the Masters was Seve Ballesteros in 1980. Nicklaus became the oldest player to win the Masters in 1986 when he won for the sixth",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "10175377",
"text": "votes have been placed, the winning bid of the Pardon is announced, and the bid amount is paid to whoever currently holds the pardon. If that player has the most votes, that player is safe, and the next highest vote earner is cut adrift, and the Pardon is removed from the game. If he does not receive the most votes, he retains the Pardon but must sell it to a different player via silent auction by the next Pirates' Court. The Royal Pardon is removed from the game after the ninth Pirate Court, whether it's used or not. When there",
"title": "Pirate Master"
},
{
"id": "4152498",
"text": "in the Tennis Masters Cup instead of the eighth-ranked player. If two players outside the top eight win Grand Slam events, the higher placed player in the world rankings takes the final spot in the Tennis Masters Cup. In 2009, the Masters was renamed the ATP World Tour Finals and was held at The O in London from 2009 to 2013. In 2012, the organisers extended the contract by two years up to 2015.In 2015, the contract was extended again for three years up to 2018. In 2017 the event was renamed the ATP Finals and the contract with the",
"title": "ATP Finals"
},
{
"id": "11237453",
"text": "of the Puerto Rico Open earns 300 FedEx Cup points and 24 OWGR points, compared to 550 FedEx Cup and 70-80 OWGR points for World Golf Championships. As an alternate event, the winner does not earn a bid to the Masters, but still receives a two-year exemption on the PGA Tour (compared to three for a WGC event) and entry into the PGA Championship as a Tour winner. In 2015, the prize fund was US$3 million with $540,000 going to the winner. The Puerto Rico Open is allocated eight additional sponsor exemptions. Four of these are designated for players from",
"title": "Puerto Rico Open"
},
{
"id": "20006782",
"text": "remains an invitation event, but there is a set of qualifying criteria that determines who is included in the field. Each player is classified according to the first category by which he qualified, with other categories in which he qualified shown in parentheses. Golfers who qualify based solely on their performance in amateur tournaments (categories 6–10) must remain amateurs on the starting day of the tournament to be eligible to play. Ángel Cabrera, Fred Couples, Sergio García (11,16,17,18), Trevor Immelman, Zach Johnson (3,17), Bernhard Langer, Sandy Lyle, Phil Mickelson (3,15,17,18), Larry Mize, José María Olazábal, Mark O'Meara, Charl Schwartzel (11,17),",
"title": "2018 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "10623073",
"text": "counterspell and the enemy colored dual lands (, , , , and ). \"Masters Edition IV\" has a large number of powerful and/or iconic cards. , , , , , , , , , , and are all currently restricted in Vintage. is banned from Legacy and a cornerstone of Vintage play. Finally , , , and the original dual lands are all powerful and iconic cards from the game's past. It also released either an , , or in place of a basic land. Masters Edition Masters Edition is a series of \"\" expansions that have been released exclusively",
"title": "Masters Edition"
},
{
"id": "1738970",
"text": "Tour, and Japan Golf Tour, with a purse of $11 million for the 100th edition in 2018. In line with the other majors, winning the PGA gains privileges that improve career security. PGA champions are automatically invited to play in the other three majors (Masters Tournament, U.S. Open, and The Open Championship) and The Players Championship for the next five years, and are eligible for the PGA Championship for life. They receive membership on the PGA Tour for the following five seasons and on the European Tour for the following seven seasons. The PGA is the only one of the",
"title": "PGA Championship"
},
{
"id": "10954511",
"text": "1968 Masters Tournament The 1968 Masters Tournament was the 32nd Masters Tournament, held April 11–14 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Bob Goalby won his only major championship, one stroke ahead of Roberto De Vicenzo, the reigning British Open champion. On the back nine in the final round, Goalby birdied 13 and 14 and eagled 15 to record a 66 (−6) and a total of 277 (−11). At first it appeared that he had tied De Vicenzo and the two would meet in an 18-hole Monday playoff, but De Vicenzo returned an incorrect scorecard showing a par 4",
"title": "1968 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "5173310",
"text": "Club with a record score of 260. The Dunlop Masters was first held in 1946 and was a continuation of the Dunlop-Metropolitan Tournament which had been held before World War II. Like the Dunlop-Metropolitan, the Dunlop Masters was a 72-hole end-of-season event with a restricted field. The Dunlop-Metropolitan was first played in 1934, the same year as The Masters. During the 1980s the British Masters was one of the most lucrative events on the European Tour with a prize fund that was as high as third among the tournaments on the schedule, but its status, or at least its relative",
"title": "British Masters"
},
{
"id": "18713501",
"text": "(+5), Langasque (+10) \"Cumulative tournament scores, relative to par\"<br> 2016 Masters Tournament The 2016 Masters Tournament was the 80th edition of the Masters Tournament, held April 7–10 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Danny Willett won his first major championship, three strokes ahead of runners-up Lee Westwood and defending champion Jordan Spieth. Spieth suffered one of the biggest collapses in Masters history. Spieth led the tournament from the first round and built a five-shot lead going to the back nine on Sunday, but lost six shots to par over the next three holes culminating in a quadruple-bogey on",
"title": "2016 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "6659813",
"text": "given, the timer was reset to 60 seconds and the team was given a second chance to answer. Two points were awarded for a correct second-chance response, with no bonus. Bonus points were awarded for correct first-try answers as follows: Teams could take up to three 5-minute breaks during the contest. They could use pencil and paper, but no other resources such as calculators or reference books, and assistance from coaches or spectators was not allowed. Once a particular contest was over, the participating schools could use a second password to unlock the questions for unlimited use in practice sessions.",
"title": "Knowledge Master Open"
},
{
"id": "10666332",
"text": "2008 Masters Tournament The 2008 Masters Tournament was the 72nd Masters Tournament, held April 10–13 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Trevor Immelman won his first major title, three strokes ahead of runner-up Tiger Woods, a four-time champion. Immelman led or tied for the lead after every round. The Masters has the smallest field of the major championships, with 94 players having earned invitations in 2008. Officially the Masters remains an invitation event but there is now a qualification process, although in theory the club could simply decline to invite a 'qualified' player. Here is a list of",
"title": "2008 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "18713488",
"text": "2016 Masters Tournament The 2016 Masters Tournament was the 80th edition of the Masters Tournament, held April 7–10 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Danny Willett won his first major championship, three strokes ahead of runners-up Lee Westwood and defending champion Jordan Spieth. Spieth suffered one of the biggest collapses in Masters history. Spieth led the tournament from the first round and built a five-shot lead going to the back nine on Sunday, but lost six shots to par over the next three holes culminating in a quadruple-bogey on the 12th hole where he hit two balls into",
"title": "2016 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "10929331",
"text": "1964 Masters Tournament The 1964 Masters Tournament was the 28th Masters Tournament, held April 9–12 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. A field of 96 players entered the tournament and 48 made the 36-hole cut at 148 (+4). Arnold Palmer, age 34, opened with three rounds in the 60s and led by five strokes after 54 holes at 206 (−10). He carded a final round of 70 on Sunday to win by six strokes to become the first four-time winner of the Masters. It was his seventh and final major victory. Craig Wood, the 1941 champion, played in",
"title": "1964 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "3228333",
"text": "additional players was the winner of the Masters Qualifying Event while the other wild-card was selected. There were no qualifying event for the 1990 and 2005 Masters and both players were selected in those years. There were also two selections in 2007 when the wild-card round was extended to three matches. The inclusion of wild-card players meant that there were an additional two or three matches to be arranged. The tournament continued to be played over 8 days but three matches were played on Sunday and Monday instead of the usual two (and Tuesday in 2007), so that the last-16",
"title": "Masters (snooker)"
},
{
"id": "16726173",
"text": "Masters, one of the four tournaments that make up the Race to Dubai Final Series. He won in a sudden-death playoff over American Patrick Reed, with a birdie on the first extra hole. This was the 100th win by a Swede in the history of the European Tour and earned Broberg an exemption through to 2017. European Tour playoff record (1–0) CUT = missed the half-way cut<br> \"T\" = tied Professional Kristoffer Broberg Kristoffer Broberg (born 1 August 1986) is a Swedish professional golfer who plays on the European Tour. Broberg started his professional career on the Nordic League where",
"title": "Kristoffer Broberg"
},
{
"id": "19531729",
"text": "2017 Masters (snooker) The 2017 Dafabet Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 15 and 22 January 2017 at the Alexandra Palace in London, England. It was the 43rd staging of the tournament. Ronnie O'Sullivan successfully defended his title by beating Joe Perry 10–7 in the final to win his seventh title. With that, he broke the record of most Masters titles he jointly held with Stephen Hendry before. He also became the first player since Paul Hunter in 2002 to successfully defend a Masters title. The breakdown of prize money is shown below: The \"rolling",
"title": "2017 Masters (snooker)"
},
{
"id": "2032117",
"text": "few exceptions, for example, students from India on F1 visa status can use the standard deduction). Additional amounts are available for persons who are blind and/or are at least 65 years of age. The standard deduction is distinct from personal exemptions, which also are available to all taxpayers and dependents. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminates the personal exemption from 2018–2025, while also nearly doubling the standard deduction. The applicable basic standard deduction amounts for tax years 2006–2018 are as follows: The standard deduction may be higher than the basic standard deduction if any of the following",
"title": "Standard deduction"
},
{
"id": "1735690",
"text": "money winners on the PGA, European, Japanese, and Australasian tours, as well as winners of multiple PGA Tour events in the year before the U.S. Open. These categories were eliminated in favor of inviting the top 60 on the OWGR at both relevant dates. Starting with the 2012 championship, an exemption was added for the winner of the current year's BMW PGA Championship, the European Tour's equivalent of The Players Championship. Potential competitors who are not fully exempt must enter the Qualifying process, which has two stages. Firstly there is Local Qualifying, which is played over 18 holes at more",
"title": "U.S. Open (golf)"
},
{
"id": "1375415",
"text": "TV and radio rights through to 2010. The BBC's coverage airs without commercials because it is financed by a licence fee. From the 2011 Masters, Sky Sports began broadcasting all four days, as well as the par 3 contest in HD and, for the first time ever, in 3D. The BBC will only have highlights of the first two days' play but will go head to head with Sky Sports, with full live coverage on the final two days of play. In Ireland, Setanta Ireland previously showed all four rounds, and now since 2017 Eir Sport broadcast all four rounds",
"title": "Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "17251306",
"text": "Masters Champions<br> Ángel Cabrera (11), Fred Couples, Ben Crenshaw, Trevor Immelman, Zach Johnson (15,16,17,18), Bernhard Langer, Sandy Lyle, Phil Mickelson (3,12,13,15,16,17,18), Larry Mize, José María Olazábal, Mark O'Meara, Charl Schwartzel (16,17,18), Adam Scott (11,13,15,16,17,18), Vijay Singh, Craig Stadler, Bubba Watson (15,17,18), Tom Watson, Mike Weir, Ian Woosnam 2. Last five U.S. Open Champions<br> Lucas Glover, Graeme McDowell (15,17,18), Rory McIlroy (4,17,18), Justin Rose (12,15,16,17,18), Webb Simpson (15,16,17,18) 3. Last five British Open Champions<br> Stewart Cink, Darren Clarke, Ernie Els (12,17,18), Louis Oosthuizen (17,18) 4. Last five PGA Champions<br> Keegan Bradley (16,17,18), Jason Dufner (12,14,15,16,17,18), Martin Kaymer (17), Y. E. Yang",
"title": "2014 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "13275193",
"text": "with a bogey-free round of 67 to win the tournament. Amateurs: Manassero (+4). \"Final round\" \"Cumulative tournament scores, relative to par\" 2010 Masters Tournament The 2010 Masters Tournament was the 74th Masters Tournament, played April 8–11 at Augusta National Golf Club. Phil Mickelson won his third Masters and fourth major title, three shots ahead of runner-up Lee Westwood. The Masters has the smallest field of the major championships. Officially the Masters remains an invitation event, but there is now a qualification process. In theory, the club could simply decline to invite a qualified player. This is the list of the",
"title": "2010 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "20342266",
"text": "place on the all-time list of ranking event wins, only behind Stephen Hendry. The breakdown of prize money for this year is shown below: The \"rolling 147 prize\" for a maximum break stood at £5,000 These matches were played between 11 and 13 October 2017 at the Robin Park Arena and Sports Centre in Wigan, England. All matches were the best of 9 frames. Total: 37 Total: 50 2017 Shanghai Masters The 2017 Juss Sports Shanghai Masters was a professional ranking snooker tournament that took place in Shanghai, China. It was the ninth ranking event of the 2017/2018 season. Qualifying",
"title": "2017 Shanghai Masters"
},
{
"id": "18713491",
"text": "Woosnam Martin Kaymer (5,17,18), Rory McIlroy (3,4,11,15,16,17,18), Justin Rose (11,14,15,16,17,18), Webb Simpson Darren Clarke, Ernie Els Keegan Bradley, Jason Day (13,14,15,16,17,18), Jason Dufner (15) Rickie Fowler (11,15,16,17,18) Derek Bard (a), Bryson DeChambeau (a) Romain Langasque (a) Jin Cheng (a) Paul Chaplet (a) Sammy Schmitz (a) Paul Casey (16,17,18), Bill Haas (16,17,18), Charley Hoffman (16), Dustin Johnson (12,16,17,18), Hunter Mahan, Hideki Matsuyama (15,16,17,18), Ryan Moore (18), Kevin Na (16,17,18), Ian Poulter, Kevin Streelman Branden Grace (14,17,18), Louis Oosthuizen (13,16,17,18), Cameron Smith Marc Leishman (17,18) Steven Bowditch (16), Fabián Gómez, Emiliano Grillo (17,18), Jim Herman, Smylie Kaufman, Chris Kirk, Kevin Kisner (16,17,18),",
"title": "2016 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "20659880",
"text": "McIlroy (4,11,13,16,17), Francesco Molinari (13,15,16,17), Henrik Stenson (11,17) Jason Day (5,15,16,17), Justin Thomas (15,16,17), Jimmy Walker Kim Si-woo, Webb Simpson (15,16,17), \"March 17, 2019\" Devon Bling (a), Viktor Hovland (a) Jovan Rebula (a) Takumi Kanaya (a) Kevin O'Connell (a) \"January 20, 2019\" Tony Finau (16,17), Rickie Fowler (16,17), Charley Hoffman, Marc Leishman (15,16,17), Louis Oosthuizen (17), Jon Rahm (14,16,17), Justin Rose (13,15,16,17), Cameron Smith (16,17) Tommy Fleetwood (16,17) Kevin Kisner (17), Xander Schauffele (15,16,17) Stewart Cink Keegan Bradley (16,17), Bryson DeChambeau (16,17), Charles Howell III, Michael Kim, Satoshi Kodaira (17), Matt Kuchar (17), Andrew Landry, Kevin Na (16,17), Brandt Snedeker",
"title": "2019 Masters Tournament"
},
{
"id": "9541578",
"text": "1996 Masters (snooker) The 1996 Benson & Hedges Masters was a professional non-ranking snooker tournament that took place between 4 and 11 February 1996 at the Wembley Conference Centre in London, England. The last 16 and quarter-final rounds were extended from 9 to 11 frames while the final was extended from 17 to 19 frames. Stephen Hendry won his sixth Masters title by defeating defending champion Ronnie O'Sullivan 10–5 in the final. Hendry won £125,000 and £10,000 for the highest break of the tournament (144). During his quarter-final match Hendry also set the record of scoring 487 points without reply",
"title": "1996 Masters (snooker)"
},
{
"id": "19653248",
"text": "in the final. He also became the first second-time winner in the history of the event. The breakdown of prize money from this year is shown below: The \"rolling 147 prize\" for a maximum break stood at £5,000 for the televised stage and at £10,500 for the qualifiers. These matches were played in Shanghai on 19 and 20 September 2016. These matches were played between 30 August and 2 September 2016 at the Barnsley Metrodome in Barnsley, England. All matches were best of 9 frames. 2016 Shanghai Masters The 2016 Bank of Communications OTO Shanghai Masters was a professional ranking",
"title": "2016 Shanghai Masters"
},
{
"id": "10789815",
"text": "victories, the first in 1963, less than ten months after his first major win at the 1962 U.S. Open. The 23-year span of Masters victories and 24-year span of major victories are also records. The runners-up were Tom Kite and Greg Norman, whose near-misses at the Masters are also noteworthy. The winner's share was $144,000, more than seven times what Nicklaus earned for his first Augusta win. \"Thursday, April 10, 1986\" \"Friday, April 11, 1986\" \"Saturday, April 12, 1986\" \"Sunday, April 13, 1986\" In one of the most memorable and exciting final rounds in Masters history, five different players held",
"title": "1986 Masters Tournament"
}
] | if you win the masters how long is the exemption |
[
"Swiss banking industry"
] | [
{
"id": "361449",
"text": "the world's largest account balances as a percentage of GDP. Switzerland is home to several large multinational corporations. The largest Swiss companies by revenue are Glencore, Gunvor, Nestlé, Novartis, Hoffmann-La Roche, ABB, Mercuria Energy Group and Adecco. Also, notable are UBS AG, Zurich Financial Services, Credit Suisse, Barry Callebaut, Swiss Re, Tetra Pak, The Swatch Group and Swiss International Air Lines. Switzerland is ranked as having one of the most powerful economies in the world. Switzerland's most important economic sector is manufacturing. Manufacturing consists largely of the production of specialist chemicals, health and pharmaceutical goods, scientific and precision measuring instruments",
"title": "Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "382688",
"text": "in green. The Swiss economy follows the typical First World model with respect to the economic sectors. Only a small minority of the workers are involved in the primary or agricultural sector (1.3% of the population, ) while a larger minority is involved in the secondary or manufacturing sector (27.7% ). The majority of the working population are involved in the tertiary or services sector of the economy (71.0% ). While most of the Swiss economic practices have been brought largely into conformity with the European Union's policies, some trade protectionism remains, particularly for the small agricultural sector. Switzerland is",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "361450",
"text": "and musical instruments. The largest exported goods are chemicals (34% of exported goods), machines/electronics (20.9%), and precision instruments/watches (16.9%). Exported services amount to a third of exports. The service sector – especially banking and insurance, tourism, and international organisations – is another important industry for Switzerland. Slightly more than 5 million people work in Switzerland; about 25% of employees belonged to a trade union in 2004. Switzerland has a more flexible job market than neighbouring countries and the unemployment rate is very low. The unemployment rate increased from a low of 1.7% in June 2000 to a peak of 4.4%",
"title": "Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "382690",
"text": "Novartis and Roche. Switzerland also has an extensive industrial sector, with globally competitive companies in various industrial sectors. Most noticeably, food processing like Nestlé, chemical for industrial and construction use like Sika AG, and roof coating chemicals Sarnafil. LafargeHolcim is the largest construction materials group in the world. Switzerland is extremely protective of its agricultural industry. High tariffs and extensive domestic subsidisations encourage domestic production, which currently produces about 60% of the food consumed in the country. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Switzerland is subsidising more than 70% of its agriculture compared to 35% in",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "382708",
"text": "The tax would increase gradually to 35% by 2011, with 75% of the funds being transferred to the EU. Recent estimates value EU capital inflows to Switzerland to $8.3 billion. Switzerland is a member of a number of international economic organizations, including the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Economy of Switzerland The economy of Switzerland is one of the world's most advanced economies. The service sector has come to play a significant economic role, particularly the Swiss banking industry and tourism. The economy of",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "382695",
"text": "exports (8%) and third for imports (8.1%) and Austria was fifth for exports (4.6%) and sixth for imports (3.7%). Major non-European trading partners included; Japan (seventh for exports with 3.6% and twelfth for imports with 2%), China (eighth for exports and imports with 3.1% and 2.5% respectively) and Turkey (sixteenth for exports with 1.2% and ninth for imports with 2.3%). As a first world country with a skilled labor force, the majority of Swiss exports are precision or 'high tech' finished products. Switzerland's largest specific SITC categories of exports include; medicaments, glycosides and vaccines, watches, orthopaedic appliances and precious jewellery.",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "382673",
"text": "Economy of Switzerland The economy of Switzerland is one of the world's most advanced economies. The service sector has come to play a significant economic role, particularly the Swiss banking industry and tourism. The economy of Switzerland ranks first in the world in the 2015 Global Innovation Index and the 2017 Global Competitiveness Report. According to United Nations data for 2016, Switzerland is the third richest landlocked country in the world after Liechtenstein and Luxembourg, and together with the latter and Norway the only three countries in the world with a GDP per capita above US$70,000 that are neither island",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "382675",
"text": "1814, hand weaving had been mostly replaced by the power loom. Both tourism and banking began to develop as an economic factor from about the same time. While Switzerland was primarily rural, the cities experienced an industrial revolution in the late 19th century, focused especially on textiles. In Basel, for example, textiles, including silk, were the leading industry. In 1888 women made up 44% of the wage earners. Nearly half the women worked in the textile mills, with household servants the second largest job category. The share of women in the workforce was higher between 1890 and 1910 than it",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "382701",
"text": "Swiss francs worth of assets. In 2014, this number was estimated to be 960 billion Swiss francs. Swiss banks have served as safe havens for the wealth of dictators, despots, mobsters, arms dealers, corrupt officials, and tax cheats. The Swiss economy is characterised by a skilled and generally 'peaceful' workforce. One quarter of the country's full-time workers are unionised. Labour and management relations are amicable, characterised by a willingness to settle disputes instead of resorting to labour action. They take place between trade unions and branch associations, that are themselves often grouped in Union of Employers, like the Fédération patronale",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "382699",
"text": "14.9 billion is about 2.9% of Switzerland's 2010 nominal GDP of 550.57 billion CHF. In 2003, the financial sector comprised an estimated 11.6% of Switzerland's GDP and employed approximately 196,000 people (136,000 of whom work in the banking sector); this represents about 5.6% of the total Swiss workforce. Swiss neutrality and national sovereignty, long recognized by foreign nations, have fostered a stable environment in which the banking sector was able to develop and thrive. Switzerland has maintained neutrality through both World Wars, is not a member of the European Union, and was not even a member of the United Nations",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "5634481",
"text": "situated especially in the central and eastern regions. During the last decades, however, it lost importance. Today's most important industries are the machine industry, the automotive industry, the electrical industry, the fine & micro mechanical, watch & electronic industries, next to the optical and metal construction's. The food industry processes domestic as well as foreign produces. Furthermore, wood processing and paper converting are also important. Like all Switzerland, there are few mineral resources. Thanks to the Ice Age glaciers, there is plenty of gravel and clay. The gravel digging in the Ice Age gravel terraces all over the Swiss Plateau",
"title": "Swiss Plateau"
},
{
"id": "382725",
"text": "available from the baggage claim area). The third largest Swiss airport is EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg which handled 7.3 million passengers in 2016 and is located entirely on French territory. Switzerland is a landlocked country and has only small ports on its rivers, such as the Port of Basel. In 2010, Switzerland had of natural gas pipelines, of crude oil pipelines, and of refined product pipelines. The Swiss transport system is overseen by several offices within the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications. The principal such offices are the: Transport in Switzerland Switzerland has a dense network of roads and",
"title": "Transport in Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "8020234",
"text": "would still be manufactured in the headquarters at Billund, Denmark, which then had a workforce of 3,000. Baar serves as the official headquarters of Glencore, the global producer and trader of commodities, Sika AG, a chemical company with products for construction and automotive, and Veeam, an independent software vendor. Baar has an unemployment rate of 2.26%. , there were 333 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 94 businesses involved in this sector. 3,810 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 278 businesses in this sector. 9,335 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with",
"title": "Baar, Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "15549705",
"text": "small hydro (with capacities up to 10 MW), solar photovoltaics, wind power, geothermal energy, biomass and biogas (from agriculture, waste and water treatment). The KEV remuneration is financed by collecting a surcharge on the consumed kilowatt-hour of electricity. As in other countries, industries with a large electricity consumption are exempt from the surcharge, which has gradually been increased and stands at 1.5 cents per kWh as of 2014. The remuneration tariffs for renewables have been specified based on reference power plants for each individual technology. Feed-in tariffs are applicable for 20 to 25 years, depending on the technology. In view",
"title": "Electricity sector in Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "2812739",
"text": "businesses in the primary economic sector. A majority (54.0%) of the primary sector employees worked in very small businesses (less than ten employees). The remainder worked in 7 small businesses with a total of 227 employees. The secondary sector employed 5,638 workers in 466 separate businesses. In 2014 a total of 3,405 employees worked in 447 small companies (less than 50 employees). There were 17 mid sized businesses with 1,614 employees and 2 large businesses which employed a total of 619 people. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 27,096 jobs in 3,134 businesses. In 2014 a total of 16,599 employees worked",
"title": "Sion, Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "8014247",
"text": "Johnson & Johnson. In the same month, Sika AG replaced Syngenta after its purchase by ChemChina. In June 2018, Sika announced a 1:60 stock split. Before this change, it was the SMI constituent with the highest price per share. Swiss Market Index The Swiss Market Index (SMI) is Switzerland's blue-chip stock market index, which makes it the most important in the country. It is made up of 20 of the largest and most liquid Swiss Performance Index (SPI) large- and mid-cap stocks. As a price index, the SMI is not adjusted for dividends, but a performance index that takes account",
"title": "Swiss Market Index"
},
{
"id": "8014241",
"text": "Swiss Market Index The Swiss Market Index (SMI) is Switzerland's blue-chip stock market index, which makes it the most important in the country. It is made up of 20 of the largest and most liquid Swiss Performance Index (SPI) large- and mid-cap stocks. As a price index, the SMI is not adjusted for dividends, but a performance index that takes account of such distributions is available (the SMIC - SMI Cum Dividend). The SMI was introduced on 30 June 1988 at a baseline value of 1500 points. Its composition is examined once a year. Calculation takes place in real-time: as",
"title": "Swiss Market Index"
},
{
"id": "382696",
"text": "Some raw ores or metals are exported, but the majority of the exports in this category are finished jewellery or other finished products. Agricultural products that Switzerland is famous for, such as cheese (0.29%), wine (0.05%) and chocolate (0.39%) all make up only a small portion of Swiss exports. Switzerland is also a significant exporter of arms and ammunition, and the third largest for small calibers, which accounted for 0.33% of the total exports in 2012. Switzerland's main imports include; medicaments, cars, precious jewellery and other unclassified transactions. While Switzerland has a long tradition of manufacturing cars, there are currently",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "17504362",
"text": "the most important sector in the economy of Zürich is the service industry, which employs nearly four-fifths of workers. Other important industries include light industry, machine and textile industries and tourism. Most Swiss banks have their headquarters in Zürich and there are numerous foreign banks in the Greater Zürich Area. Located in Zürich, the Swiss Stock Exchange was established in 1877 and is nowadays the fourth most prominent stock exchange in the world. In addition Zürich is the world's largest gold trading centre. Ten of the country's 50 largest companies have their head offices in Zürich, among them ABB, UBS,",
"title": "Zürich"
},
{
"id": "382674",
"text": "nations nor ministates. Switzerland as a federal state was established in 1848. Before that time, the city-cantons of Zurich and Basel in particular began to develop economically based on industry and trade, while the rural regions of Switzerland remained poor and under-developed. While a workshop system had been in existence throughout the early modern period, the production of machines began in 1801 in St. Gallen, with the third generation of machines imported from Great Britain. But in Switzerland, hydraulic power was often used instead of steam-engines because of the country's topography while there are no significant deposits of coal. By",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "8014246",
"text": "3% per quarter. Additionally, a new index, the SPI 20, was created to continue indexing the 20 SMI constituents without any caps. As of June 2018, the following 20 stocks make up the SMI index. In September 2009, Nobel Biocare and Bâloise were replaced with Lonza Group and SGS. In September 2011, Lonza Group was replaced with Givaudan. In June 2012, Synthes was replaced with Geberit following the merger with Johnson & Johnson. In January 2016, Transocean was replaced with Swiss Life. In May 2017, Lonza Group was added back to the SMI to replace Actelion after its purchase by",
"title": "Swiss Market Index"
},
{
"id": "382691",
"text": "the EU. The \"2007 Agricultural Program\" increased subsidies by CHF 63 million to CHF 14.092 billion. Protectionism acts to promote domestic production, but not to reduce prices or the cost of production, and there is no guarantee the increased domestic production is actually consumed internally; it may simply be exported, to the profit of the producers. 90 to 100% of potatoes, vegetables, pork, veal, cattle and most milk products are produced in the country. Beyond that, Swiss agriculture meets 65% of the domestic food demand. In 2016 the Swiss government spent about 5.5% of its total budget (over CHF 3.5",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "9768369",
"text": "sectors on the basis of economic activity. This classification is based on the International Classification Benchmark ICB from Dow Jones and FTSE, which simplifies international performance comparisons significantly. Two other classification systems are used as well: classification based on market capitalisation (small, middle, large) and security category (registered shares, bearer share, participation certificates). Paid prices are taken into account in calculating the SPI as a whole. If no paid prices are available, the index is calculated on the basis of bid prices. The index is recalculated and published every three minutes. On 1 June 1987, the SPI was standardised at",
"title": "Swiss Performance Index"
},
{
"id": "4898348",
"text": "of Gersau is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites. Historically, silk weaving and woodworking were the predominant industries. Today, however, tourism has become the main economic sector. Gersau has been a well-known health and vacation resort since 1860, with a significant number of hotels and guest houses. Gersau has an unemployment rate of 1.62%. , there were 105 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 43 businesses involved in this sector. 129 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 25 businesses in this sector. 350 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with",
"title": "Gersau"
},
{
"id": "8131803",
"text": "Swiss Life The Swiss Life Group is the largest life insurance company of Switzerland and one of Europe’s leading comprehensive life and pensions and financial solutions providers, with approximately CHF 224 bn of assets under management. Founded in 1867 in Zurich as the \"Schweizerische Lebensversicherungs und Rentenanstalt\" cooperative, the company entered the Swiss stock market in 1997 and adopted its current name in 2002. In 2017 the group declared a premium income of CHF 18.6 bn, a 6% increase over the previous year. Net profit increased by 9% to CHF 1013 million. Swiss Life is one of the twenty companies",
"title": "Swiss Life"
},
{
"id": "8817155",
"text": "residents of the village who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 41.4% of the workforce. the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 63. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 9, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 43 of which 30 or (69.8%) were in manufacturing and 13 (30.2%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 11. In the tertiary sector; 1 was in the sale or repair of motor vehicles, 6 or 54.5% were in a hotel or",
"title": "Saint-Jean, Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "382703",
"text": "was pessimistic. Massive layoffs and dismissals by enterprises resulting from the global economic slowdown, major management scandals and different foreign investment attitudes have strained the traditional Swiss labour peace. Swiss trade unions have encouraged strikes against several companies, including Swiss International Air Lines, Coca-Cola, and Orange. Total days lost to strikes, however, remain among the lowest in the OECD. In 2013 the mean household income in Switzerland was CHF 120,624 (c. USD 134,000 nominal, USD 101,000 PPP), the mean household income after social security, taxes and mandatory health insurance was CHF 85,560 (c. USD 95,000 nominal, USD 72,000 PPP). The",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "382577",
"text": "experienced an industrial revolution in the late 19th century, focused especially on textiles. In Basel, for example, textiles, including silk, were the leading industry. In 1888 women made up 44% of the wage earners. Nearly half the women worked in the textile mills, with household servants the second largest job category. The share of women in the workforce was higher between 1890 and 1910 than it was in the late 1960s and 1970s. Swiss Universities in the late 19th century are notable for the number of female students receiving medical education. The major powers respected Switzerland's neutrality during World War",
"title": "History of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "17641004",
"text": "laid down in Article 116. Finally, in Article 117 sickness and accident insurance is regulated by constitutional law. The old-age and survivors' insurance (\"Alters- und Hinterlassenenversicherung\" - AHV), together with the disability insurance (\"Invalidenversicherung\" - IV) and supplementary benefits, forms the first (state) pillar of the Swiss three-pillar system and serves to adequately safeguard the need for subsistence. Social insurance is mostly financed by direct deductions from individual wages. The contributions are based on an individual's income. They are carried \"on a parity basis,\" half by employers and half by employees. The only exception is health insurance, where income-independent head",
"title": "Social security in Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "14210016",
"text": "UBS UBS Group AG is a Swiss multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland. Co-headquartered in the cities of Zürich and Basel, it maintains a presence in all major financial centers as the largest Swiss banking institution in the world. UBS client services are known for their strict bank–client confidentiality and culture of banking secrecy. The bank's large positions the Americas, EMEA, and Asia Pacific markets make it a systemically important financial institution within the European Union, and to a lesser extent, the broader economy of Europe. UBS was founded in 1862 as the Bank",
"title": "UBS"
},
{
"id": "15278883",
"text": "SIX Group SIX is a financial service provider that operates the infrastructure of Switzerland's financial center. The abbreviation SIX stands for Swiss Infrastructure and Exchange. SIX develops and maintains securities trading and post-trading platforms provides financial information and sells cashless payment systems. SIX operates worldwide and is headquartered in Zürich. In 2008, SWX Group, Telekurs Group and SIS Group joined forces to form Swiss Financial Market Services, which began to operate under the brand SIX Group in 2008. The company provides services in the areas of securities trading (former SWX Group), securities services (former SIS Group) and financial information and",
"title": "SIX Group"
},
{
"id": "382682",
"text": "of 5.3% in 1997. As of 2008, Switzerland was at the second place among European countries with populations above one million in terms of nominal and purchasing power parity Gross Domestic Product per capita, behind Norway (see list). On numerous occasions in the 1990s real wages decreased since nominal wages could not keep up with inflation. However, beginning in 1997, a global resurgence in currency movement provided the necessary stimulus to the Swiss economy. It slowly gained momentum and peaked in the year 2000 with 3.7% growth in real terms. In the early 2000s recession, being so closely linked to",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "382706",
"text": "of the European Economic Area Agreement in 1992, the Swiss Government set its sights on negotiating bilateral economic agreements with the EU. Four years of negotiations culminated in \"Bilaterals\", a cross-platform agreement covering seven sectors: research, public procurement, technical barriers to trade, agriculture, civil aviation, land transport, and the free movement of persons. Parliament officially endorsed the Bilaterals in 1999 and it was approved by general referendum in May 2000. The agreements, which were then ratified by the European Parliament and the legislatures of its member states, entered into force on June 1, 2002. The Swiss government has since embarked",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "20370211",
"text": "Schmolz + Bickenbach Schmolz + Bickenbach AG (known until 2006 as \"Swiss Steel\") is a listed steel group based in Lucerne / Switzerland. The group employs around 8,900 people and generated revenues of EUR 2.3 billion in 2016. Schmolz + Bickenbach was founded in 1919 by Arthur Schmolz and Oswald Bickenbach in Düsseldorf as a steel trading company. Since 1937, the company has been running under the double name. In 2003, the family-run Schmolz + Bickenbach Group, which had previously been involved in steel processing and steel trading, through the leadership of Micheal Storm, took over the majority of the",
"title": "Schmolz + Bickenbach"
},
{
"id": "256350",
"text": "24 or (0.4%) were in mining and 3,721 (61.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 68,891. In the tertiary sector; 8,520 or 12.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2,955 or 4.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 4,345 or 6.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4,671 or 6.8% were in the information industry, 6,729 or 9.8% were the insurance or financial industry, 8,213 or 11.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 5,756 or 8.4% were in education and 14,312 or 20.8% were in health care.",
"title": "Lausanne"
},
{
"id": "382680",
"text": "affected by the 1979 energy crisis which resulted in a short-term decrease in Switzerland's energy consumption. In 1970 industry still employed about 46% of the labor force, but during the economic recession of the 1970s the services sector grew to dominate the national economy. By 1970 17.2% of the population and about one quarter of the work force were foreign nationals, though job losses during the economic recession decreased this number. In the 1980s, Switzerland's economy contracted by 1.3% in 1982 before going on to grow substantially for the rest of the decade with annual gdp growth between approximately 3%",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "15549710",
"text": "see List of installations for 15 kV AC railway electrification in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Electricity sector in Switzerland The electricity sector in Switzerland relies mainly on hydroelectricity, since the Alps cover almost two-thirds of the country's land mass, providing many large mountain lakes and artificial reservoirs suited for hydro power. In addition, the water masses drained from the Swiss Alps are intensively used by run-of-the-river hydroelectricity (ROR). With 9,052 kWh per person in 2008, the country's electricity consumption is relatively high and was 22% above the European Union's average. In 2013, net generated electricity amounted to 66.2 terawatt-hours (TWh).",
"title": "Electricity sector in Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "7848195",
"text": "up 5.3%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 4.5%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 18.8% is used for growing crops and 4.5% is pastures, while 2.0% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The town lies on the Nidau-Büren channel, which links Lake Biel with Solothurn, dug out during the Jura water correction. Since then the community has been split into two parts on either side of the canal. The regulating dam Port,",
"title": "Port, Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "2739414",
"text": "other commercial organizations, Winterthur was home to Switzerland's largest insurance business \"Winterthur Insurance\". Until 2006, the company was the largest in Switzerland and was in Europe's top 10. On 1 January 2007 the Winterthur company was officially acquired by the French AXA group and is now known as AXA Winterthur. Winterthur has an unemployment rate of 3.13%. , there were 594 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 97 businesses involved in this sector; 11603 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 717 businesses in this sector; 39982 people are employed in the tertiary sector,",
"title": "Winterthur"
},
{
"id": "9108464",
"text": "secondary sector employed 343 workers in 35 separate businesses. A minority (21.3%) of the secondary sector employees worked in very small businesses. There were 7 small businesses with a total of 214 employees and one mid-sized business with a total of 56 employees. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 476 jobs in 131 businesses. There were two mid-sized businesses with a total of 137 employees. In 2014 a total of 2.% of the population received social assistance. In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SVP with 41.0% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were",
"title": "Grono, Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "8014244",
"text": "index contained 25 listings. The ranking as of 30 June 2007 (according to average capitalisation and the turnover achieved during one year, i.e. from 1 July 2006 through 30 June 2007) determined which companies would remain within the SMI. On 5 July 2007, SWX announced that Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Lonza Group, Givaudan, SGS and one of the two classes of shares of Swatch Group would leave the SMI as of 24 September 2007 leaving 20 securities in the index. In 2017, in order to address the issue that the top three constituents (Nestlé, Roche, Novartis) account for more than 60%",
"title": "Swiss Market Index"
},
{
"id": "2113030",
"text": "printing, hydroelectric plants and later metal and machinery factories, as well as paper mills. In 2014, about 5% of the workers in Glarus work in the primary sector (the total for all of Switzerland is 3.3%) Of these 5%, in 2008, nearly three-quarters are involved in dairy farming and cattle breeding. In 2014 the secondary sector employed 8,322 or about 38.2% of the total, which is much higher than 21.8% for the entire country. Of those in the secondary sector, over one-quarter worked in the construction industry. The tertiary sector employed 12,366 or about 56.8% of the total, which is",
"title": "Canton of Glarus"
},
{
"id": "15278889",
"text": "provides e-billing services. SIX is owned by around 130 national and international banks in Switzerland that are also the main users of its services. SIX is not listed on the stock exchange. Several of the business areas it operates in are authorised and regulated by the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) and the Swiss National Bank (SNB). SIX sponsors the Swiss Finance Museum (former Wertpapierwelt in Olten), the world's first international museum for historical bonds and shares. The collection comprises around 7,000 items and documents four centuries of economic history. SIX is member of the FinTech Incubator and Accelerator",
"title": "SIX Group"
},
{
"id": "869574",
"text": "85.0 years, and highest male life expectancy at 82.7 years. Tertiary sector workers make up 76.5% of the Ticinese workforce, compared to the Swiss average of 67.1%. Commerce (23.1%), tourism (10.1%) and financial activities (3.9%) are all important for the local economy, while the contribution from agriculture and fishing is marginal, employing 6.5% of the workforce on a Swiss average of 15.4%. The median gross private sector monthly salary in 2012 was 5,091 francs (US$5,580), below the national average of 6,118 francs (US$6,703). Lugano is Switzerland's third largest financial center after Zurich and Geneva. The banking industry alone has 8,400",
"title": "Canton of Ticino"
},
{
"id": "12337283",
"text": "of the profit tax, and are subject to the federal withholding tax. The value added tax (VAT; \"Mehrwertsteuer / Taxe sur la valeur ajoutée / Tassa sul valore aggiunto\") is one of the Confederation's principal sources of funding. It is levied at a rate of 7.7 percent on most commercial exchanges of goods and services. Certain exchanges are subject to a reduced VAT of 2.5 percent: A special rate of 3.7% is in use in the hotel industry. Yet other exchanges, including those of medical, educational and cultural services, are tax-exempt; as are goods delivered and services provided abroad. The",
"title": "Taxation in Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "20490047",
"text": "of the Tertianum Group, which is a Swiss provider in this market segment. The management consists of René Zahnd (CEO since 2016), Markus Meier (CFO since 2015), Peter Lehmann (CIO since 2002) and Franco Savastano (CEO of Jelmoli - The House of Brands since 2012), Oliver Hofmann (CEO of Wincasa AG , since 2013 member of the Executive Committee) and Luca Stäger (CEO of Tertianum AG, since 2014 member of the Executive Committee). Swiss Prime Site Swiss Prime Site AG is a listed property investment company in Olten, Switzerland. The portfolio has a value of around CHF10 billion and consists",
"title": "Swiss Prime Site"
},
{
"id": "382693",
"text": "of organic farms increased by 3.3 percent between 2003 and 2004, and organic sales increased by 7 percent to $979 million. Moreover, Swiss consumers consider less important the drawback of higher prices for organic food compared to conventional locally produced food. The CIA World Factbook estimates Switzerland's 2011 exports at $308.3 billion and the 2010 exports at $258.5 billion. Imports are estimated to be $299.6 billion in 2011 and $246.2 billion in 2010. According to the World Factbook numbers, Switzerland is the 20th largest exporter and the 18th largest importer. The United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database has lower numbers",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "14210021",
"text": "for discretion has yielded a substantial market share in banking and high level of brand loyalty. Alternatively, it receives routine criticism for facilitating tax noncompliance and off-shore financing. UBS is a joint-stock company (\"Aktiengesellschaft\") pursuant to Swiss laws. Its shares are listed at the SIX Swiss Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). As of November 2017, UBS is present in all major financial centers worldwide, having offices in 52 countries, with about 34% of its approx. 61,000 employees working in the Americas, 34% in Switzerland, 18% in Europe, the Middle East and Africa and 14% in the Asia",
"title": "UBS"
},
{
"id": "2693407",
"text": "and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Enterprise Customers, Wholesale as well as the IT, Network & Innovation segments. The IT platforms together with the fixed-network and mobile communications infrastructures of the former Group companies were merged into the “IT, Network & Innovation” Division. Currently, Swisscom operations are performed via three operating divisions, Swisscom Switzerland, Fastweb, and other operating segments. Swisscom Switzerland is divided into the following segments: Residential Customers, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Enterprise Customers, Wholesale and IT, Network & Innovation. Swisscom Network & IT builds, operates and maintains Swisscom's nationwide fixed-line and mobile communications infrastructure in Switzerland. The division is also responsible",
"title": "Swisscom"
},
{
"id": "2056019",
"text": "service the different geographical markets. It consistently ranks in the top three states on the Financial Secrecy Index and was named first many times, most recently in 2018. The three largest banks–UBS, Credit Suisse, Julius Bär–are all regulated by the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA), and the Swiss National Bank (NSB) which derives its authority from a series of federal statutes. Banking in Switzerland has historically played, and still continues to play, a dominant role in the Swiss economy and society. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), total banking assets amount to 467% of total",
"title": "Banking in Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "2005221",
"text": "Geneva is of international significance also as a financial center. A great number of Swiss banks are located in Geneva, particularly in the area of private banking. The service industry is most significant in Geneva where there are headquarters of a number of international corporations and organizations, such as the United Nations and the International Labour Organization. Agriculture is commonplace in the hinterlands of Geneva, particularly wheat and wine. Precision machinery and instruments are other branches where the economy of the canton of Geneva is strong. This is also reflected in the tradition of watchmaking in Geneva. Most of the",
"title": "Canton of Geneva"
},
{
"id": "8837087",
"text": "Trade unions in Switzerland Compared with other Western European countries, Trade unions play a rather minor role in Switzerland with only every fourth employee organized in a union or confederation. The most important organization is the Swiss Trade Union Confederation (SGB or USS) with approximately 385,000 members and 16 individual trade unions. Unia is the largest of these with 200,000 members. It merged with the Trade union for Construction and Industry (GBI), the Trade Union for Industry, Trade and Services (SMUV), the VHTL, and actions in 2004. The second largest confederation is Travail.Suisse, which was founded in 2002 in Bern",
"title": "Trade unions in Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "17536712",
"text": "and accounting will not depend on a company's legal form, but on its financial size. The Code of Obligations includes five divisions. The Code of Obligations is part of the Civil Code, but its provisions are numbered individually. Includes general contract law, tort law, unjust enrichment. Includes specific contracts, including the purchase contract (184-236), employment contract (363-379), mandate contract (394-406). Corporate law. Types of business associations: Commercial papers. The contract law of the Code of Obligations is based on Roman Law traditions, and it was particularly influenced by the Pandectist school. It was also heavily influenced by the Code Napoleon",
"title": "Swiss Code of Obligations"
},
{
"id": "14210029",
"text": "bank. UBS maintains a leading position in the retail and corporate loan market in Switzerland; in fact, it serves one in three pension funds, more than 85% of the 1,000 largest Swiss corporations and 85% of banks that resides within the nation. In 2015 and 2017, the international financial magazine \"Euromoney\" named UBS \"Best Domestic Cash Manager Switzerland\". As of 31 March 2018, its lending portfolio reached CHF 130.8 billion. The products that this UBS division offers range from cash accounts, payments, savings and retirement solutions to investment fund products, residential mortgages and advisory services. This business division constitutes a",
"title": "UBS"
},
{
"id": "2056047",
"text": "founded in 1862, and Swiss Bank Corporation, founded in 1872, merged. Headquartered in Zurich and Basel, it is Switzerland's largest bank. It maintains seven main offices around the world (four in the United States and one each in London, Tokyo, and Hong Kong) and branches on five continents. Credit Suisse Group is the second-largest Swiss bank. Based in Zurich and founded in 1856, Credit Suisse offers private banking, investment banking and asset management services. It acquired the First Boston Corporation in 1988 and merged with the Winterthur insurance company in 1997; the latter was sold to AXA in 2006. The",
"title": "Banking in Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "15549700",
"text": "Electricity sector in Switzerland The electricity sector in Switzerland relies mainly on hydroelectricity, since the Alps cover almost two-thirds of the country's land mass, providing many large mountain lakes and artificial reservoirs suited for hydro power. In addition, the water masses drained from the Swiss Alps are intensively used by run-of-the-river hydroelectricity (ROR). With 9,052 kWh per person in 2008, the country's electricity consumption is relatively high and was 22% above the European Union's average. In 2013, net generated electricity amounted to 66.2 terawatt-hours (TWh). About 60% of Switzerland's electricity generation comes from renewable sources, most of it from hydro",
"title": "Electricity sector in Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "17577576",
"text": "be transferred into the pension fund of the new employer. The third pillar consists of private pension schemes provided by the private sector. They are optional and financed entirely by the insured person. So-called 3a schemes lead to less taxation and are regulated, while 3b are unregulated, and do not have any benefits regarding taxation. There are two schemes of pensions: At the moment (2017), each employed person can pay up to 6768 CHF into 3a schemes every year. Freelance workers (who do not have to pay into the 2nd pillar) can invest up to 20% of their yearly income,",
"title": "Pension system in Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "2056046",
"text": "in Switzerland, ranging from the \"Two Big Banks\" down to small banks serving the needs of a single community or a few special clients. The largest and second largest Swiss banks are UBS Group AG and Credit Suisse Group AG, respectively. They account for over 50% of all deposits in Switzerland; each has extensive branch networks throughout the country and most international centers. Due to their size and complexity, UBS and Credit Suisse are subject to an extra degree of supervision from the Federal Banking Commission. UBS Group AG came into existence in June 1998, when Union Bank of Switzerland,",
"title": "Banking in Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "382661",
"text": "crisis management training unit of the Federal Administration, and the Records and Process Management section. Two sectors are headed by the Vice-Chancellors: the Federal Council sector manages the agenda of the Federal Council's meeting. This sector comprises the Section for Federal Council Affairs, the Legal Section, the Official Publications Centre and the Central Language Services. The Information & Communications Sector is led by Vice-Chancellor André Simonazzi, this role also has expanded to become the official spokesman for the Federal Council in 2000. This sector includes the e-Government Section, the Communication Support Section and the Political Forum of the Confederation. The",
"title": "Politics of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "190465",
"text": "Tertiary sector of the economy The tertiary sector or service sector is the third of the three economic sectors of the three-sector theory. The others are the secondary sector (approximately the same as manufacturing), and the primary sector (raw materials). The service sector consists of the production of services instead of end products. Services (also known as \"intangible goods\") include attention, advice, access, experience, and affective labor. The production of information has long been regarded as a service, but some economists now attribute it to a fourth sector, the quaternary sector. The tertiary sector of industry involves the provision of",
"title": "Tertiary sector of the economy"
},
{
"id": "1411150",
"text": "rights. It is a member of the Star Alliance. It is a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group, with headquarters at EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg near Basel, Switzerland, and an office at Zurich Airport in Kloten, Switzerland. The company's registered office is in Basel. Swiss was formed after the 2002 bankruptcy of Swissair, Switzerland's former flag carrier. Crossair had 40% of its income come from the defunct Swissair. The new airline's losses totaled US$1.6 billion from startup until 2005. Swissair's biggest creditors, Credit Suisse and UBS, sold part of Swissair's assets to Crossair, the regional counterpart to the transatlantic Swissair. At",
"title": "Swiss International Air Lines"
},
{
"id": "3467942",
"text": "SIX Swiss Exchange SIX Swiss Exchange (formerly SWX Swiss Exchange), based in Zurich, is Switzerland's principal stock exchange (the other being Berne eXchange). SIX Swiss Exchange also trades other securities such as Swiss government bonds and derivatives such as stock options. The main stock market index for the SIX Swiss Exchange is the blue-chip index, the SMI, or Swiss Market Index. The index consists of the 20 most significant and most liquid large and mid-cap SPI equity-securities based on the free float market capitalisation. SIX Swiss Exchange was the first stock exchange in the world to incorporate a fully automated",
"title": "SIX Swiss Exchange"
},
{
"id": "5911006",
"text": "was built through the Jura Mountains which connected Court to Moutier and Grenchen. The excellent transportation links encouraged small factories to settle in Court. During the second half of the 19th century, engineering, watch-making and machining companies settled here. Today about two-thirds of the workers in the municipality work in the industrial sector, mostly in small companies. Court has an area of . As of 2012, a total of or 34.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 60.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 4.6% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.1% is either rivers or",
"title": "Court, Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "1411151",
"text": "the time, both Swissair and Crossair were under the same holding company, called SAirGroup. Crossair later changed its name to \"Swiss International Air Lines\", and the new national airline started its operations officially on 31 March 2002. The airline was first owned by institutional investors (61.3%), the Swiss Confederation (20.3%), cantons and communities (12.2%) and others (6.2%). Swiss also owns subsidiary companies Swiss Sun (100%) and Crossair Europe (99.9%). It has a total of 7,383 employees. According to Marcel Biedermann, the managing director of intercontinental markets for Swiss, there were three possibilities: stay independent as a niche carrier, shrink to",
"title": "Swiss International Air Lines"
},
{
"id": "5884509",
"text": "Gate Gourmet Gate Gourmet is an airline catering firm with headquarters on the grounds of Zürich Airport, Switzerland, near Zürich. Gate Gourmet was founded in 1992, and is the world's largest independent airline catering, hospitality and logistics company. As a part of parent company gategroup, the company has substantially expanded its products and services recently through acquisitions and strategic investments. The portfolio now includes cabin service ware (deSter); comfort/entertainment items (Harmony); packaged food components assembled in central production units (Supplair); aviation services such as cabin cleaning, aircraft washing and de-icing and passenger services (Gate Aviation [formerly Fernley/IAS - see below]);",
"title": "Gate Gourmet"
},
{
"id": "382676",
"text": "was in the late 1960s and 1970s. Railways played a major part in industrialization with the first railway appearing in 1847 between Zurich and Baden. Due to competition between private players, Switzerland was covered with more than 1000 km of track by 1860. The industrial sector began to grow in the 19th century with a Laissez-faire industrial/trade policy, Switzerland's emergence as one of the most prosperous nations in Europe, sometimes termed the \"Swiss miracle\" was a development of the mid 19th/early 20th century, among other things tied to the role of Switzerland during the World Wars. Switzerland's total energy consumption,",
"title": "Economy of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "13610716",
"text": "the corresponding figure is 72 per cent in Finland and 70 per cent in Iceland. The service sector is a little smaller if its proportion of total gross domestic product is measured compared to the share of employment. In Norway, the service sector accounts for 57 per cent of GDP, in Iceland for 66 per cent, in Finland for 69 per cent, in Sweden for 72 per cent and in Denmark for 78 per cent. The service sector includes retail and wholesale trade, hotels, restaurants, transportation, communication, financial services, real estate sale, renting, business services and other services such as",
"title": "Nordic countries"
},
{
"id": "1737261",
"text": "services. Further subsidiaries are Thurbo, RegionAlps, AlpTransit Gotthard AG, Cisalpino AG and TiLo (the latter in consortium with Italian authorities). The Swiss Federal Railways hold significant shares of the Zentralbahn and Lyria SAS. To maintain heritage, the Stiftung Historisches Erbe der SBB (\"SBB Historic\") was founded in 2002. This foundation takes care of the historic rolling stock and runs a technical library in Bern, document and photographic archives, and the SBB poster collection. All figures from 2016: The Swiss Federal Railways rail network is totally electrified. The metre gauge Brünigbahn was SBB's only non-standard gauge line, until it was out-sourced",
"title": "Swiss Federal Railways"
},
{
"id": "8666906",
"text": "The Coop Group is headquartered in Switzerland and operates in the retail, wholesale and production sectors. Coop Group operates store formats in the food, non-food and service sectors. With Transgourmet Holding AG, Coop is Europe’s second largest cash & carry and wholesale supplies business. In total, the Coop Group has around 2,000 retail outlets in Switzerland and 124 cash & carry markets in Switzerland and other European countries. The Coop Group has a workforce of around 80 000, with approx. 54 000 employees in Switzerland. The \"Verband Schweizerischer Konsumvereine\" (French: \"Union suisse des sociétés de consommation\") was founded in 1890",
"title": "Coop (Switzerland)"
},
{
"id": "15168664",
"text": "Swissmem Swissmem is the Swiss association of mechanical and electrical engineering industries (MEM industries). With some 320,000 employees, the MEM industries are Switzerland’s largest industrial employer and, since they account for 31 percent of the country’s exports, an important economic and political player. In 2015, the nearly 1,000 member companies of Swissmem exported goods worth 63 billion Swiss francs. Swissmem was created by the merger of two associations: ASM (Association of Swiss Engineering Employers) und VSM (Swiss Association of Machinery Manufacturers). Both associations have been operating under the Swissmem name since 1999. VSM was renamed Swissmem at the beginning of",
"title": "Swissmem"
},
{
"id": "20490046",
"text": "Zurich; Schönburg, Bern; Chemin de Riantbosson, Geneva, Route de Pré Bois, Geneva, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva. The business segment consists of the core business of real estate investments and Wincasa AG, a Swiss provider of real estate services. The investment focus in real estate is on investment in facilities, mainly with commercially used areas, as well as focus placed on project development. The business exists within the Premium Department Store of Jelmoli in Zurich. On around half of the sales area of 23,800 m², shop-in-shop sales are generated by third parties. The other areas are managed by Jelmoli. The business segment consists",
"title": "Swiss Prime Site"
},
{
"id": "7288868",
"text": "Swissport Swissport International Ltd. is a Swiss aviation services company providing airport ground and cargo handling services, headquartered in Opfikon, Switzerland. It handles around 265 million passengers and 4.7 million tonnes of cargo annually, on behalf of some 850 client-companies in the aviation sector. With a workforce of around 68,000 personnel, Swissport is active at more than 315 locations in 50 countries, and generates consolidated operating revenue of EUR 2.8 billion. The company was founded in 1996 as Swissair Ground Services International, an independent of the former Swissair. In the following years, the company expanded both through organic growth and",
"title": "Swissport"
},
{
"id": "15549702",
"text": "Switzerland 63,53 TWh per 7,71 milj.person). Hydroelectricity is by far the country's most important source of energy, and contributing more than half to its electricity generation. Hydro power is generally divided into conventional hydroelectricity (using a dam) and run-of-the-river hydroelectricity. In addition, pumped-storage hydroelectricity (PHS) plays an important role in Switzerland, being used in combination with base load power plants and to \"green-washing\" nuclear power from France. The \"KEV remuneration\" (see below) also applies to small-scale hydro power plants with nameplate capacities up to 10 megawatts. There are four nuclear power plants, with a total of five operational reactors. In",
"title": "Electricity sector in Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "6608557",
"text": "LeShop.ch LeShop.ch is, with a market share of approx. 59%, the Swiss market leader among online supermarkets and a subsidiary of the Migros Genossenschafts-Bund (MGB), the largest retailer in Switzerland. The online supermarket distributes 12,500 products via its Internet platform, of which around 50% are Migros Migrosproducts, the remaining products are branded goods including frozen food and alcohol. With its partner, the Swiss Post, LeShop.ch delivers home purchases and offers free deliveries to over 100 so-called PickMup pick-up locations. The company is headquartered in Ecublens (VD) with two logistics centers in Ecublens (VD) and Bremgarten (AG). In 2016, the company",
"title": "LeShop.ch"
},
{
"id": "7271426",
"text": "connection, exploited for centuries by Swiss Rhine barges, for a substantial part of their imports and exports. Swiss lakes, most notably Lake Constance, Lake Maggiore and Lake Geneva, are among the most intensively navigated lakes in the world, mostly for recreational and tourist purposes. Switzerland has a civilian high seas fleet of merchant vessels, whose home port is Basel, in Switzerland. The first ships were purchased and operated by the government in order to ensure the supply of critical resources during World War II. After the war, a privately owned merchant fleet emerged, spurred in part by government subsidies that",
"title": "Merchant Marine of Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "17577570",
"text": "(7.8% of their income), and from the people not engaged in paid employment (between 392 and 19600 CHF a year in 2013). The authorities also contribute via direct funding, VAT, and revenues from tax on gambling clubs. People’s contributions are collected and benefits are distributed by different bodies, some managed by the cantonal or federal authorities, some managed by union of employers, like the Fédération des Entreprises Romandes Genève. The first pillar provides old age pensions as well as benefits for widowers and orphans. The ordinary age of retirement is 65 years for men, 64 for women. It can be",
"title": "Pension system in Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "361453",
"text": "GDP in that year; however, the regional (canton) budgets and the budgets of the municipalities are not counted as part of the federal budget and the total rate of government spending is closer to 33.8% of GDP. The main sources of income for the federal government are the value-added tax (33%) and the direct federal tax (29%) and the main expenditure is located in the areas of social welfare and finance & tax. The expenditures of the Swiss Confederation have been growing from 7% of GDP in 1960 to 9.7% in 1990 and to 10.7% in 2010. While the sectors",
"title": "Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "12083822",
"text": "UPC Switzerland UPC is the largest cable operator in Switzerland with around 1.2 million residential and business customers and was formed in 1994 through the merger of several cable operators. UPC has been a subsidiary of Liberty Global since 2005 . Severina Pascu has served as CEO since 1 September 2018. As of 30 June 2018, UPC supplied 1.2 million Swiss customers with over 2.5 million services (approx. 1,135,000 television, 725,000 broadband Internet, 530,000 fixed network phone and 129,000 mobile customers). UPC currently employs around 1,500 people in Switzerland. In the 1930s, the first cable network operators started to broadcast",
"title": "UPC Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "8486677",
"text": "1869, the bleaching company, Radun AG (1888), and the oil and fat factory Sais (1916–17), were established in Horn. By 1920, industrial companies displaced much of the agricultural sector. After Radun AG closed the mill in 1989 and the oil factory shut down in 2000, only Unisto AG (later specializing in security seals, name badges and brand profiling) as well as Sabo Specialities, successor of Sais, continued to provide manufacturing jobs. Horn has an area, , of . Of this area, or 41.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 8.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or",
"title": "Horn, Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "2900744",
"text": "Swiss Re Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd, generally known as Swiss Re, is a reinsurance company based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is the world’s second-largest reinsurer. It acquired GE Insurance Solutions in 2006. Founded in 1863, Swiss Re operates through offices in more than 25 countries. Swiss Re was ranked 118th in Forbes 2000 Global leading companies 2016. It was also ranked 313th in Fortune Global 500 in 2015. The Swiss Reinsurance Company of Zurich was founded on 19 December 1863 by the Helvetia General Insurance Company (now using the trade name of \"Helvetia\" insurance) in St. Gallen, the Schweizerische Kreditanstalt",
"title": "Swiss Re"
},
{
"id": "14375957",
"text": "There were 10 mid-sized businesses with a total of 1,138 employees and 6 large businesses which employed 6,519 people (for an average size of 1,087). Finally, the tertiary sector provided 20,708 jobs in 2,173 businesses. In 2013 there were 5 and 123 new companies founded in the secondary and tertiary sector, respectively. In 2014 a total of 12,672 employees worked in 2,124 small companies (less than 50 employees). There were 45 mid-sized businesses with 4,896 employees and 4 large businesses which employed 3,140 people (for an average size of 785). In 2014 the number of new businesses was 9 and",
"title": "Baden, Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "361451",
"text": "in December 2009. The unemployment rate decreased to 3.2% in 2014 without further decrease in 2015 and 2016. Population growth from net immigration is quite high, at 0.52% of population in 2004. The foreign citizen population was 21.8% in 2004, about the same as in Australia. GDP per hour worked is the world's 16th highest, at 49.46 international dollars in 2012. Switzerland has an overwhelmingly private sector economy and low tax rates by Western World standards; overall taxation is one of the smallest of developed countries. Switzerland is a relatively easy place to do business, currently ranking 20th of 189",
"title": "Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "15015633",
"text": "shared characteristics still distinguish services from goods-producing sectors. These include a clear focus on knowledge and ICT, ever-changing business processes, and unique financial, regulatory and investment structures. Service industries also cover a large variety of business types, from travel to highly knowledge-intensive services, such as global communication networks and specialized financial services. In general, knowledge-intensive services encompass both professional services (e.g. financial, legal), and science and technology-linked services (e.g. environmental, mining, health). The explosive growth in services worldwide is seen as the next major revolution in the world economy. As service economies continue to expand and powerful digital communications networks",
"title": "Service science and engineering"
},
{
"id": "9104775",
"text": "the primary economic sector and about 29 businesses involved in this sector. 28 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 6 businesses in this sector. 45 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 16 businesses in this sector. The historical population is given in the following table: The Crestaulta and Cresta Petschna (a Bronze Age settlement), the necropolis at Surin and the \"double house\" at number 30 are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance. Crestaulta is a significant Bronze Age site on a hill about west of Surin. It was discovered in 1935 and",
"title": "Lumbrein"
},
{
"id": "9105913",
"text": "either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a \"Fachhochschule\"). Siat has an unemployment rate of 0.11%. , there were 20 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 9 businesses involved in this sector. 1 person is employed in the secondary sector and there is 1 business in this sector. 8 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 4 businesses in this sector. The historical population is given in the following table: Siat Siat is a former municipality in the district of Surselva in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2014",
"title": "Siat"
},
{
"id": "20490043",
"text": "Swiss Prime Site Swiss Prime Site AG is a listed property investment company in Olten, Switzerland. The portfolio has a value of around CHF10 billion and consists primarily of commercial and retail real estate. The real estate investments - together with the real estate services of the subsidiary Wincasa AG - form the real estate division. The retail division consists of the Jelmoli department store - The House of Brands. In the elderly life and living division, the living and care offers of the Tertianum Group are summarized. The company was founded in 1999 by the pension funds of Credit",
"title": "Swiss Prime Site"
},
{
"id": "6213552",
"text": "the SIX Swiss Exchange (ticker: DUFN). Until August 20, 2018, the company was also listed on BM&F Bovespa (ticker: DAGB33). Dufry Dufry AG is a Swiss-based travel retailer operating around 2,200 duty-free and duty-paid shops in airports, cruise lines, seaports, railway stations and central tourist areas. Dufry employs almost 29,000 people. The company, headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, operates in over 64 countries worldwide. The company owns stores at airports, railway stations, and ports, and operates concessions onboard airlines and cruise ships. Milestones and History In September 2017, Dufry International created Malaysian joint-venture, with Ho Wah Genting Berhad to operate in",
"title": "Dufry"
},
{
"id": "3468049",
"text": "Credit Suisse Credit Suisse Group AG is a Swiss multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland. Headquartered in Zürich, it maintains offices in all major financial centers around the world. As the second largest bank in Switzerland, it is considered a \"Bulge Bracket\" bank providing services in investment banking, private banking, asset management, and shared services. Credit Suisse is known for its strict bank–client confidentiality and banking secrecy practices. Credit Suisse was founded in 1856 to fund the development of Switzerland's rail system. It issued loans that helped create Switzerland's electrical grid and the European",
"title": "Credit Suisse"
},
{
"id": "2693410",
"text": "In April 2015, the Company started testing a network for the Internet of Things, or Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), in the regions of Geneva and Zurich. The pilot project serves as an addition to the existing M2M mobile network solutions, and it has been estimated that by the year 2023 over 3 billion connections will be running via the IoT. Hansueli Loosli, former CEO and Chairman of Coop (Chairman of the Board) Roland Abt, former CFO of Georg Fischer Valérie Berset Bircher, Head of Labor Affairs for the Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research Alain Carrupt, former",
"title": "Swisscom"
},
{
"id": "12083835",
"text": "By mid-2018, 129,000 people had a Mobile subscription from UPC. In early 2019, UPC will switch to the Swisscom network. UPC Business has offered communication solutions for companies since 1999 – including small- and medium-sized enterprises, cantonal banks, hospitals, public administrations etc. – and plays an important role in the Swiss B2B market. In the finance sector, the company now provides connectivity and managed services to more than half of all cantonal banks. Further customers include SV (Switzerland) AG (IP telephony solutions and LAN management) and the BKW Group (software-defined WAN). UPC’s strongest competitor is Swisscom. At UPC, such bundles",
"title": "UPC Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "4080267",
"text": "people employed in the primary economic sector and about 58 businesses involved in this sector. 5260 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 213 businesses in this sector. 8139 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 693 businesses in this sector. 51.6% of the population of the municipality were employed in some capacity. At the same time, females made up 42.8% of the workforce. In the 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 33.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (20.8%), the FDP (20.1%) and the",
"title": "Emmen, Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "2115664",
"text": "Swiss population is generally well educated. In Dallenwil about 68.2% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a \"Fachhochschule\"). Dallenwil has an unemployment rate of 0.92%. , there were 145 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 52 businesses involved in this sector. 165 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 18 businesses in this sector. 245 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 50 businesses in this sector. The historical population is given in the following table: Dallenwil is served",
"title": "Dallenwil"
},
{
"id": "4080266",
"text": "rate of 2.7%. Most of the population () speaks German (81.6%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common (5.0%) and Italian being third (3.9%). The main industry is the Steel-Industrie, EMMI (Switzerland's biggest Milk-Corporation) as well as a division of Ruag, the Swiss Armed Forces supplier. There is the so-called ´golden triangle´ of the sewage plant, the air force base and the waste incinerating plant. Because of the Emmen Air Force Base and the Emmen Flab Caserne, most of the inhabitants are directly or indirectly employed by the Air Force. Emmen has an unemployment rate of 3.62%. , there were 257",
"title": "Emmen, Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "8817179",
"text": "and 1 was in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 139. In the tertiary sector; 14 or 10.1% were in the sale or repair of motor vehicles, 17 or 12.2% were in the movement and storage of goods, 67 or 48.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 6 or 4.3% were in education. , there were 37 workers who commuted into the village and 72 workers who commuted away. The village is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.9 workers leaving the village for every one entering. From the , 269 or 84.3% were Roman",
"title": "Saint-Luc, Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "15712752",
"text": "Swiss Labour Force Survey The Swiss Labour Force Survey (SLFS) - conducted by the Federal Statistical Office in cooperation with an external service provider - is a household survey that has been conducted since 1991. The main goal is to survey the employment structure and employment behaviour of the permanent resident population. Because of the strict application of international definitions in the SLFS, Swiss data can be compared with those of other OECD countries and the countries of the European Union. Since 2010, the SLFS has been conducted on a quarterly basis. The interviews from the third and fourth quarters",
"title": "Swiss Labour Force Survey"
},
{
"id": "7698252",
"text": "Doris Leuthard Doris Leuthard (born 10 April 1963) is a Swiss politician and lawyer. Since 1 August 2006, she has been a member of the Swiss Federal Council, and was elected as President of the Swiss Confederation for 2010 and 2017. From 1 August 2006 until 31 October 2010 she was head of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs (the Swiss commerce minister). Since 1 November 2010 she is head of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications. She was elected President of the Confederation for 2010, and on 7 December 2016 for 2017. Leuthard was a member",
"title": "Doris Leuthard"
},
{
"id": "8382677",
"text": "the rest of the land, or 7.4% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes. During the same year, housing and buildings made up 4.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.6%. Out of the forested land, 20.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.8% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 58.3% is used for growing crops and 10.0% is pastures, while 1.5% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality is located on the southern slope",
"title": "Jens, Switzerland"
},
{
"id": "2119637",
"text": "the primary economic sector and about 24 businesses involved in this sector. 517 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 32 businesses in this sector. 170 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 45 businesses in this sector. The historical population is given in the following table: Bühler Bühler is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. Bühler is first mentioned in 1479 as \"Ullrich Büllershoff\". Bühler has an area, , of . Of this area, 62.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 26% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 10.6%",
"title": "Bühler"
},
{
"id": "13588907",
"text": "an annual report called \"Switzerland's Security\", available for download on the FIS website. In 2017, the FIS' budget was CHF75.6 million. The Military Intelligence Service (; ; ) is the military intelligence branch of the Armed Forces. The Postal Service and Telecommunications Surveillance (, SCPT; , ÜPF; , SCPT; Romansh: \"surveglianza dal traffic da posta e da telecommunicaziun\", STPT) is a service within the Federal Department of Justice and Police (since 1 January 2008) charged with coordinating wiretapping requests of the criminal investigation authorities. FIS has collaborated with over 100 foreign intelligence agencies. In 2017, the FIS received approximately 12,500",
"title": "Swiss intelligence agencies"
},
{
"id": "8659032",
"text": "28 businesses involved in this sector. 36 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 8 businesses in this sector. 48 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 13 businesses in this sector. 46% of the working population were employed full-time, and 54% were employed part-time. Schlatt bei Winterthur Schlatt bei Winterthur is a municipality in the district of Winterthur in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. Schlatt has an area of . Of this area, 47.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 45.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 5.6% is settled (buildings or",
"title": "Schlatt bei Winterthur"
}
] | what service industry is an important part of the swiss economy |
[
"Jean-Jacques Rousseau"
] | [
{
"id": "6689139",
"text": "Let them eat cake \"Let them eat cake\" is the traditional translation of the French phrase \"\"Qu'ils mangent de la brioche\"\", supposedly spoken by \"a great princess\" upon learning that the peasants had no bread. Since brioche was a luxury bread enriched with butter and eggs, the quotation would reflect the princess's disregard for the peasants, or her poor understanding of their situation. While the phrase is commonly attributed to Queen Marie Antoinette, there is no record of her having said it. It appears in book six of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's \"Confessions\", his autobiography (whose first six books were written in",
"title": "Let them eat cake"
},
{
"id": "6689149",
"text": "a 7th-century chronicle of the Chinese Jin Dynasty, reports that when Emperor Hui (259–307) of Western Jin was told that his people were starving because there was no rice, he said, \"Why don't they eat (ground) meat?\" (何不食肉糜), showing his incompetence. Let them eat cake \"Let them eat cake\" is the traditional translation of the French phrase \"\"Qu'ils mangent de la brioche\"\", supposedly spoken by \"a great princess\" upon learning that the peasants had no bread. Since brioche was a luxury bread enriched with butter and eggs, the quotation would reflect the princess's disregard for the peasants, or her poor",
"title": "Let them eat cake"
},
{
"id": "6689148",
"text": "possible that a discontented individual fabricated the scenario and put the words into the mouth of Marie Antoinette. Another hypothesis is that after the revolution, the phrase was attributed to various princesses of the French royal family, and that the legend stuck on Marie Antoinette because she was, in effect, the last \"great princess\" of Versailles. The myth had, for example, been previously attributed to two of Louis XV's daughters: Madame Sophie and Madame Victoire. In his novel \"Ange Pitou\" (1853), Alexandre Dumas attributes the quote to one of Marie Antoinette's favourites, the Duchess of Polignac. The \"Book of Jin\",",
"title": "Let them eat cake"
},
{
"id": "6689142",
"text": "and the working class was bread, absorbing 50 percent of their income, as opposed to 5 percent on fuel; the whole topic of bread was therefore the result of obsessional national interest.\" However, there is no evidence that Queen Marie Antoinette ever uttered this phrase. It was first attributed to her by Alphonse Karr in \"Les Guêpes\" of March 1843. Other objections to the legend of Marie Antoinette and the cake/brioche comment centre on arguments concerning the queen's personality, internal evidence from members of the French royal family and the date of the saying's origin. For example, the Queen's English-language",
"title": "Let them eat cake"
},
{
"id": "6689140",
"text": "1765, when Marie Antoinette was nine years of age, and published in 1782). The context of Rousseau's account was his desire to have some bread to accompany some wine he had stolen; however, feeling he was too elegantly dressed to go into an ordinary bakery, he recalled the words of a \"great princess\": Rousseau does not name the \"great princess\" and he may have invented the anecdote, as \"Confessions\" cannot be read as strictly factual. The quotation, first attributed to Marie Antoinette in 1843, was claimed to have been uttered during one of the famines that occurred in France during",
"title": "Let them eat cake"
},
{
"id": "558751",
"text": "Even her critics have recognized her qualities as a mother and her courage in dying. The phrase \"Let them eat cake\" is often attributed to Marie Antoinette, but there is no evidence that she ever uttered it, and it is now generally regarded as a journalistic cliché. This phrase originally appeared in Book VI of the first part of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's autobiographical work \"Les Confessions\", finished in 1767 and published in 1782: \"\"Enfin je me rappelai le pis-aller d'une grande princesse à qui l'on disait que les paysans n'avaient pas de pain, et qui répondit: Qu'ils mangent de la brioche\"\"",
"title": "Marie Antoinette"
},
{
"id": "6689141",
"text": "the reign of her husband, Louis XVI. Upon being told that the people were suffering due to widespread bread shortages, the Queen is said to have replied, \"Then let them eat brioche.\" Although this anecdote was never cited by opponents of the monarchy at the time of the French Revolution, it did acquire great symbolic importance in subsequent histories, when pro-revolutionary historians sought to demonstrate the obliviousness and selfishness of the French upper classes at that time. As one biographer of the Queen notes, it was a particularly useful phrase to cite because \"the staple food of the French peasantry",
"title": "Let them eat cake"
},
{
"id": "6689146",
"text": "written. Although only published in 1782, Rousseau's \"Confessions\" were finished in 1769. Marie Antoinette, aged 14, didn't arrive at Versailles from Austria until 1770. She was unknown to him at the time of writing his work so she could not have been the \"great princess\" mentioned by Rousseau. When investigating how this phrase came to be attributed to Marie Antoinette, it is important to understand the increasing unpopularity of the Queen in the final years before the outbreak of the French Revolution. During her marriage to Louis XVI, her perceived frivolousness and her very real extravagance were often cited as",
"title": "Let them eat cake"
},
{
"id": "6689145",
"text": "and again in 1788, the year before the French Revolution. The 1775 shortages led to a series of riots, known as the Flour War, \"la guerre des farines\", a name given at the time of their occurrence, that took place in the northern, eastern and western parts of France. Letters from Marie Antoinette to her family in Austria at this time reveal an attitude totally different to the \"Let them eat cake\" mentality. There is a further problem with the dates surrounding the attribution, in that Marie Antoinette was not only too young but also outside France when it was",
"title": "Let them eat cake"
},
{
"id": "6596422",
"text": "Let 'Em Eat Cake Let 'Em Eat Cake is a Broadway musical with music by George Gershwin, lyrics by Ira Gershwin, and book by George S. Kaufman and Morrie Ryskind. It is the sequel to the Pulitzer prize-winning \"Of Thee I Sing\" and had the same producer, writers, and stars. However, the tone of \"Let 'Em Eat Cake\" was much darker and the issues more complex: President Wintergreen is defeated for reelection, and he and his former Vice President, Alexander Throttlebottom, form an incipient Fascist movement to take over the government. The original Broadway production of \"Let 'Em Eat Cake\"",
"title": "Let 'Em Eat Cake"
},
{
"id": "6689143",
"text": "biographer wrote in 2002: The attribution also has little credibility. Fraser cites as justification for the alternative attribution to the wife of Louis XIV the memoirs of Louis XVIII, who was only fourteen when Rousseau's \"Confessions\" were written and whose own memoirs were published much later. He does not mention Marie Antoinette in his account, but states that the saying was an old legend, and that within the family it was always believed that the saying belonged to the Spanish princess who married Louis XIV in the 1660s. Thus, Louis XVIII is as likely as others to have had his",
"title": "Let them eat cake"
},
{
"id": "12776373",
"text": "and getting himself into major debt. A name, Fidelio Racco, which was also found on the paper taken from Alistair Oh, appears in the diary, along with two notes from Grace: \"The word that cost her life, minus the music\" and \"D>HIC\". They figure out that \"the word that cost her her life\" was referring to Marie Antoinette's famous quote, \"Let them eat cake.\", when she was told the peasants had no bread. Amy recalls from a conversation with Grace that Marie Antoinette used the most common French word for cake, gateau instead of brioche which is what she is",
"title": "One False Note"
},
{
"id": "10156869",
"text": "certain style of life based on luxury and celebrity appealing today to the social and cultural elites; frequently referenced in popular culture, being the subject of several books, films and other forms of media. Most academics and scholars, have deemed her the quintessential representative of class conflict, western aristocracy and absolutism government in addition to being frivolous, superficial; and have attributed the start of the French Revolution. The phrase \"Let them eat cake\" is often attributed to Marie Antoinette, but there is no evidence she ever uttered it, and it is now generally regarded as a \"journalistic cliché\". It may",
"title": "French fashion"
},
{
"id": "2165547",
"text": "baking. Thus prepared, the brioche remains light, keeps well, maintains the flavour of butter, without the stench of the starter.\" Brioche of varying degrees of richness from the rich man's with a flour to butter ratio of 3:2 to the cheaper pain brioché with a ratio of 4:1 existed at the same time. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in his autobiography \"Confessions\" (published posthumously in 1782, but completed in 1769), relates that \"a great princess\" is said to have advised, with regard to peasants who had no bread, \"Qu'ils mangent de la brioche\", commonly translated inaccurately as \"Let them eat cake\". This saying",
"title": "Brioche"
},
{
"id": "6689144",
"text": "recollection affected by the quick spreading and distorting of Rousseau's original remark. Fraser points out in her biography that Marie Antoinette was a generous patron of charity and moved by the plight of the poor when it was brought to her attention, thus making the statement out-of-character for her. This makes it unlikely that Marie Antoinette ever said this. A second point is that there were no actual famines during the reign of King Louis XVI and only two incidents of serious bread shortages, which occurred, first, in April–May 1775, a few weeks before the king's coronation (11 June 1775),",
"title": "Let them eat cake"
},
{
"id": "6905053",
"text": "sound. The album's title comes from the phrase \"Let them eat cake\" (supposedly said by Marie Antoinette). The use of the word jellybeans is in reference to Ronald Reagan, who was known to consider them his favorite candy. At least two of the cuts on the punk side of the album have never been issued in the same form heard on \"Let Them Eat Jellybeans\". The version of Black Flag's \"Police Story\" heard on \"...Jellybeans!\" was recorded during the sessions for the \"Six Pack\" EP and features Dez Cadena on lead vocals, although the album's insert features the then-current \"Damaged\"-era",
"title": "Let Them Eat Jellybeans!"
},
{
"id": "4930082",
"text": "Let Them Eat Cake (TV series) Let Them Eat Cake is a British sitcom that aired on BBC One in 1999. Starring Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders, it is one of the few programmes in which French and Saunders have appeared which they did not create themselves. It is 1782, seven years before the French Revolution. The most reviled woman in France is the ambitious and immoral Colombine, Comtesse de Vache, who stalks the halls of the Palace of Versailles, spreading terror into the hearts of her fellow aristocrats by gathering their darkest and most intimate secrets. Her loyal maid",
"title": "Let Them Eat Cake (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "7128161",
"text": "time. On April 25, 1993 Macpherson retired from the Star, and died eight days later. Duncan Macpherson was well known for his ruthless style. Terry Mosher refers to him as the \"king of the third wave.\" One of Macpherson's most celebrated cartoons featured John Diefenbaker as Marie Antoinette saying \"Let them eat cake,\" after Diefenbaker cancelled the Avro Arrow project and its 14,000 jobs. Pierre Berton said this cartoon was \"the beginning, I think, of the country's disillusionment with the Diefenbaker government...scarcely anybody had taken a crack at Diefenbaker until then.\" He won the National Newspaper Award for Editorial Cartooning",
"title": "Duncan Macpherson"
},
{
"id": "6596423",
"text": "opened October 21, 1933 at the Imperial Theatre, New York City, USA and ran for 89 performances. It had The cast included William Gaxton as J.P. Wintergreen, Victor Moore as Alexander Throttlebottom, Philip Loeb as Kruger, and Lois Moran as Mary Wintergreen. The no longer extant orchestrations were by Edward Powell. The show carried a message that audiences did not want to hear and it was a failure. However, it did have one song: \"Mine\". Several musical themes from \"Of Thee I Sing\" are reused in \"Let 'Em Eat Cake\", including the Supreme Court Judges' song and the campaign song",
"title": "Let 'Em Eat Cake"
},
{
"id": "1957199",
"text": "an actress. In an interview printed in the October 1990 issue of \"Vogue\", Evangelista said the words, \"We don't wake up for less than $10,000 a day.\" That statement is now thought of as the most famous quote in modeling history, and it has been described as \"the 'Let them eat cake' of the 20th century\". Also in October 1990, Evangelista stunned the fashion world by having the hairstylist Oribe dye her naturally-brown hair platinum blond. Months later, she had her hair dyed a shocking shade of red known as \"technicolor red\". Throughout most of her modeling career, Evangelista was",
"title": "Linda Evangelista"
},
{
"id": "4930083",
"text": "is the nymphomaniacal, former prostitute Lisette and her acid-tongued couturier is Bouffant. Colombine's constant rival is Madame de Plonge, along with her naive yet sharp-witted daughter, Eveline. \"Let Them Eat Cake\" was released in Region 2 (UK) on 5 March 2007. It is also available in Region 4 (Australia). Let Them Eat Cake (TV series) Let Them Eat Cake is a British sitcom that aired on BBC One in 1999. Starring Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders, it is one of the few programmes in which French and Saunders have appeared which they did not create themselves. It is 1782, seven",
"title": "Let Them Eat Cake (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "16191651",
"text": "\"Toronto Star\", Leonard Norris at the \"Vancouver Sun\" and Ed McNally at the \"Montreal Star\". These cartoonists frequently took political positions contrary to those of the papers in which they were published. Macpherson drew a cartoon of John Diefenbaker as Marie Antoinette saying \"Let them eat cake\" in response to the Prime Minister's cancelling the Avro Arrow project, which historian Pierre Burton has called the beginning of Canadians' disillusionment with Diefenbaker's government. Macpherson in particular fought fiercely for editorial independence, challenging his editors and threatening to quit the \"Star\" if not given his way, which paved a new path for",
"title": "Canadian comics"
},
{
"id": "12942623",
"text": "out \"Let them eat shit\" and \"Let them eat pussy\", and the last line says \"Let them eat cake.\" Marie Antoinette appears in the children's book \"Ben and Me\" by Robert Lawson, but does not appear in the 1953 animated short film adaptation. Joan Rivers' book \"I Hate Everyone... Starting With Me\", contains a quote by Marie Antoinette saying \"Let her eat shit\". Costco then refused to sell the book because of the explicit language. Juliet Grey's trilogy of books starting with \"Becoming Marie Antoinette\" and ending with \"Confessions of Marie Antoinette\" tells Marie Antoinette's entire story from beginning to",
"title": "Cultural depictions of Marie Antoinette"
},
{
"id": "12942622",
"text": "irresponsible queen. Her voice actress was Miyuki Ueda. The popular quote often misattributed to her, \"Let them eat cake\", was referenced in the 39 Clues book \"One False Note\". In \"Seth MacFarlane's Cavalcade of Cartoon Comedy\", there's a cartoon called \"Marie Antoinette's Notepad\". In this, Marie writes something down on a piece of paper, then she scratches it out. Then she begins writing again, only for her to scratch it out. Then she thinks, and writes something down. She puts the quill back in its container and she looks satisfied. Then the paper shows that she has written and scratched",
"title": "Cultural depictions of Marie Antoinette"
},
{
"id": "4627012",
"text": "it has been suggested that he wrote the song about EMI promoter Eric Hall. The song's first verse quotes a phrase falsely attributed to Marie Antoinette: \"\" 'Let them eat cake,' she says, Just like Marie Antoinette\". The song marked a departure from the heavier material of the band's first two albums, as well as the beginning of a more stylistically diverse approach in songwriting. At the same time, \"Killer Queen\" retained the essence of Queen's trademark sound, particularly in its meticulous vocal harmonies. Unlike the first two Queen albums, this song was partly recorded at Rockfield Studios in Wales.",
"title": "Killer Queen"
},
{
"id": "5251382",
"text": "government. The \"Journal\" was frequently mocked for its use of the term \"lucky duckies\" to refer to people whose lack of a federal income tax burden is the direct result of their lower income. This attitude was satirized as \"let them eat cake\"-style myopia. Ruben Bolling's \"Tom the Dancing Bug\" comic in \"Salon\" magazine, for instance, periodically features a poor duck who keeps \"outwitting\" a fat, top-hatted oligarch by cleverly submitting to the misfortunes of his economic class. Jonathan Chait, in \"The New Republic\", reacted to the \"Journal\" editorial by writing: One of the things that has fascinated me about",
"title": "Lucky duckies"
},
{
"id": "168838",
"text": "use for the song in \"The Cocoanuts\" but his disapproval did not deter Berlin from saving it for a more important occasion.\" \"The Cocoanuts\" would remain Irving Berlin's only Broadway musical – until his last one, \"Mr. President\" – that did not include at least one eventual hit song. Humor derived from political situations was of particular interest to Kaufman. He collaborated on the hit musical \"Of Thee I Sing\", which won the 1932 Pulitzer Prize, the first musical so honored, and its sequel \"Let 'Em Eat Cake\", as well as one troubled but eventually successful satire that had several",
"title": "George S. Kaufman"
},
{
"id": "6596424",
"text": "\"Wintergreen for President\", which includes parts of folk and patriotic songs such as Sousa's \"Stars and Stripes Forever\", and \"Hail, Hail, the Gang's All Here.\" A concert version of the show was performed on BBC Radio in 1994 (with a cast that included: Denis Quilley, Kim Criswell, Joss Ackland, Henry Goodman, and Louise Gold), and Opera North staged the show, along with a revival of \"Of Thee I Sing\", during its 2008-9 season. The Opera North production was broadcast by BBC Radio 3 on Saturday, 26 September 2009, as part of its Opera on 3 series. President Wintergreen is up",
"title": "Let 'Em Eat Cake"
},
{
"id": "16113006",
"text": "Kill Themselves\" (a DVD collection of several videopoems and poetry chapbooks). Krasilovsky's work has earned the support of several other artists including Barbra Streisand who has said of Krasilovsky's documentary \"Exile\" \"Such films do more than increase East-West understanding and reduce tensions; they also serve to emphasize that we are all essentially one people, which may be the best hope for our world.” Alexis Krasilovsky's documentaries often address controversial topics. \"Beale Street\" follows the last march of Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee. One of Krasilovsky's best-known films is \"Let Them Eat Cake\", a global documentary feature contrasting the",
"title": "Alexis Krasilovsky"
},
{
"id": "6596431",
"text": "Isn't What You Did\"), Kruger sentences Wintergreen and his cronies to death by beheading. Mary and the condemned's wives enter and proclaim they are pregnant. Kruger says this may have worked four years ago during Wintergreen's impeachment hearings, but it doesn't work with the army. Trixie, who controls the Navy, arrives and joins forces with Kruger (\"First Lady and First Gent\"). Kruger proclaims \"Let 'em Eat Caviar.\" Execution day arrives, and in their jail cell Wintergreen, Throttlebotton, and the Committee discuss how they ended up in this situation. Next, the crowds gather to watch the executions (\"Hanging Throttlebottom in the",
"title": "Let 'Em Eat Cake"
},
{
"id": "17068298",
"text": "from Scratch\" (2010) – both dedicated to her mother, and the cookbooks \"Sugar Baby\" (2011), \"Pie It Forward\" (2012), \"Bake It Like You Mean It\" (2013), and \"Let Them Eat Cake\" (2016). Her recipes have been featured on \"The Today Show, Fox & Friends, The Rachael Ray Show, Food Network, The Chew, The Wendy Williams Show, Better Homes and Gardens, Ladies' Home Journal, InStyle, Elle Decor, Shape Magazine\" and \"People Magazine\". She has been married to storyboard artist Raymond Prado since 1999. Gesine Bullock-Prado Gesine Bullock-Prado (born March 6, 1970) is an American pastry chef, author, attorney, and former film",
"title": "Gesine Bullock-Prado"
},
{
"id": "1615742",
"text": "plural, \"let's eat\"), from \"manger\" (\"to eat\") – these are similar or identical to the corresponding present indicative forms, although there are some irregular imperatives that resemble the present subjunctives, such as \"sois\", \"soyez\" and \"soyons\", from \"être\" (\"to be\"). A third person imperative can be formed using a subjunctive clause with the conjunction \"que\", as in \"qu'ils mangent de la brioche\" (\"let them eat cake\"). French uses different word order for affirmative and negative imperative sentences: The negative imperative (prohibitive) has the same word order as the indicative. See for detail. Like in English, imperative sentences often end with",
"title": "Imperative mood"
},
{
"id": "1656167",
"text": "The \"Illustrated London News\" carried a report of a barn dance in Ashtabula, Ohio, in 1897 and written by an English woman traveler. \"The origin of that expression 'taking the cake', had previously been an enigma to me, if I had ever thought about it before, but it was suddenly in an unexpected and most practical way (revealed to me).\" Just before the ball was declared finished a long procession of couples was formed who walked in their very best manner around the room three times before the criticizing eyes of a dozen old people, who selected the best turned-out",
"title": "Cakewalk"
},
{
"id": "15173226",
"text": "Franklin, the modern English wording appears earlier in Algernon Sidney's work. The phrase is often mistaken as a scriptural quote, though it is not stated verbatim in the Bible. Some Christians have criticized the expression as being contrary to the Bible's message of God's grace. A variant of the phrase can also be found in the Quran (13:11). The sentiment appears in several ancient Greek tragedies. Sophocles, in his \"Philoctetes\" (c. 409 BC), wrote, \"No good e'er comes of leisure purposeless; And heaven ne'er helps the men who will not act.\" Euripides , in the \"Hippolytus\" (428 BC), mentions that,",
"title": "God helps those who help themselves"
},
{
"id": "6689147",
"text": "factors that only worsened France's dire financial straits. Her Austrian birth and sex were also a major factor in a country where xenophobia and chauvinism were beginning to play major parts in national politics. In fact, many anti-monarchists were so convinced (albeit incorrectly) that it was Marie Antoinette who had single-handedly ruined France's finances that they nicknamed her \"Madame Déficit\". In addition, anti-royalist \"libellistes\" printed stories and articles that attacked the royal family and their courtiers with exaggerations, fictitious events, and outright lies. Therefore, with such strong sentiments of dissatisfaction and anger towards the King and Queen, it is quite",
"title": "Let them eat cake"
},
{
"id": "6596425",
"text": "for reelection, but due to the continuing Great Depression, loses in a landslide to John P. Tweedledee. Wintergreen makes an unsuccessful appeal to the Supreme Court to overturn the election results. It is also revealed that Diana Deveraux divorced Throttlebottom to marry the French Ambassador. After the end of his term, Wintergreen, Throttlebottom, and their associates start a business selling his wife Mary's blue shirts on \"Union Square.\" At Union Square, Kruger, an agitator, is proclaiming his doctrine \"Down with Everything That's Up.\" After talking with Kruger, Wintergreen decides that to increase shirt sales they should promise a revolution or",
"title": "Let 'Em Eat Cake"
},
{
"id": "3651133",
"text": "the latest \"diversion attempts,\" but to go home instead and enjoy the Christmas feast. This order, which drew unfavourable comparisons to Marie Antoinette's haughty (but apocryphal) \"Let them eat cake\", further infuriated the people who did read the manifestos; many at that time had trouble procuring such basic foodstuffs as cooking oil. At approximately 09:30 on the morning of 22 December Vasile Milea, Ceaușescu's minister of defence, died under suspicious circumstances. A communiqué by Ceaușescu stated that Milea had been sacked for treason, and that he had committed suicide after his treason was revealed. The most widespread opinion at the",
"title": "Romanian Revolution"
},
{
"id": "12728544",
"text": "and what she thinks it symbolizes for their relationship. As she approaches House's office, she spots him flirting with the woman who played Kutner's victim. She turns away, walking back to the elevator dismayed. Let Them Eat Cake (House) \"Let Them Eat Cake\" is the tenth episode of the fifth season of \"House\" and the ninety-sixth episode overall. It originally aired on December 2, 2008. When a fitness guru, Emmy (Samantha Shelton), faints and breaks her ankle, she is sent to Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital, under the care of House and his diagnostics team. When House's team realizes she had gastric",
"title": "Let Them Eat Cake (House)"
},
{
"id": "18859513",
"text": "the extended opening homage, it is the perfect soundtrack to New York at all hours. The inspiration behind the soundtrack came to Allen when he was listening to the CBS Masterworks LP of Gershwin overtures, titled Gershwin on Broadway, in arrangements by Don Rose, recorded in 1976 by Michael Tilson Thomas and the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra (BPO). This LP included six Gershwin overtures: \"Girl Crazy\", \"Of Thee I Sing\", \"Let 'Em Eat Cake\", \"Oh, Kay!\", \"Funny Face\", and \"Strike Up the Band\". In order to secure the legal rights, Allen's producers sent each BPO musician a check for an extra",
"title": "Manhattan (soundtrack)"
},
{
"id": "6596433",
"text": "he used to be in the dress making business, Wintergreen decides to go into business with him. Wintergreen decides to leave the revolution business and restores the republic and the Supreme Court. Tweedledee shows up and Wintergreen gives his vice-president, Throttlebottom, to him, since he can't remember his. Tweedledee declines the Presidency, since he is going to be President of Cuba. Throttlebottom is now the President. After Wintergreen promised the people cake and Kruger promised them cavair, Throttlebottom promises them pistache ice cream, which he formerly detested. Let 'Em Eat Cake Let 'Em Eat Cake is a Broadway musical with",
"title": "Let 'Em Eat Cake"
},
{
"id": "4963381",
"text": "Porter's \"Panama Hattie\" (1943). In the 1950s, he appeared in numerous farces and in repertory theatre. In 1959, he made quite a splash as Lord Plynne in Frederick Lonsdale's \"Let Them Eat Cake\" Although popular, his motion picture career was less successful than his brother's. He began by supporting the Aldwych farceurs before being handed his first lead in a weak B-film with Renee Houston and Binnie Barnes, \"Their Night Out\" (1933). His most successful solo film of the mid-1930s was \"Hello Sweetheart\" (1935); like most of Hulbert's starring comedies, however, its ambition was strictly small-scale; it seemed that British",
"title": "Claude Hulbert"
},
{
"id": "5245595",
"text": "Alexz Johnson Alexzandra Spencer \"Alexz\" Johnson (born November 4, 1986) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, record producer, actress and philanthropist. Her debut album \"Voodoo\" was independently released in 2010, followed by the demo release of \"The Basement Recordings\" in 2011, with its sequel, \"The Basement Recordings II\", and EP \"Skipping Stone\" in 2012. \"The Basement Recordings III\" was released in 2013. A follow-up extended play \"Heart\" followed in 2014; with her sophomore effort \"Let 'Em Eat Cake\" being released October of that year. Johnson's third studio album \"A Stranger Time\" was released in 2017. She is best known for her roles",
"title": "Alexz Johnson"
},
{
"id": "12728543",
"text": "woman, they discover she died. House furiously confronts them with the patient's body on the autopsy table. House blasts Kutner for setting up the site and Taub for not stopping Kutner. House does a series of chest compressions and resuscitates the patient, astounding Kutner and Taub. The whole thing was a prank: House knew about Kutner's website and hired the woman to play a patient; similarly, he bribed Chase and Cameron to play along. House allows Kutner to continue the site, provided he pays House 50% of the profits. Cuddy heads to House's office to thank him for the desk",
"title": "Let Them Eat Cake (House)"
},
{
"id": "16113003",
"text": "Alexis Krasilovsky Alexis Krasilovsky (born 1950) is an American filmmaker, writer and professor. Krasilovsky's first film, \"End of the Art World\" documented artists including Andy Warhol and Robert Rauschenberg. Krasilovsky moved from New York to Los Angeles in the 1970s to pursue her passion for filmmaking, writing and directing films through her company, Rafael Film. She is the writer and director of the global documentary features, \"Women Behind the Camera\" and \"Let Them Eat Cake (Pastriology.com)\". Krasilovsky, born 1950 in Juneau, Alaska, is the daughter of children's book author Phyllis Krasilovsky and entertainment attorney William Krasilovsky. She grew up in",
"title": "Alexis Krasilovsky"
},
{
"id": "2549222",
"text": "Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker's man \"Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker's man\", \"Pat-a-cake\", \"patty-cake\" or \"pattycake\" is one of the oldest and most widely known surviving English nursery rhymes. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 6486. The earliest recorded version of the rhyme appears in Thomas D'Urfey's play \"The Campaigners\" from 1698, where a nurse says to her charges: ...and pat a cake Bakers man, so I will master as I can, and prick it, and prick it, and prick it, and prick it, and prick it, and throw't into the Oven. The next appearance is in \"Mother Goose's Melody\", (c.",
"title": "Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker's man"
},
{
"id": "1912493",
"text": "illustrates the concept of trade-offs or opportunity cost. The order of the clauses in the saying has been the subject of some debate, and was even used in forensic linguistics (contributing to the identification and arrest of the so-called Unabomber). An early recording of the phrase is in a letter on 14 March 1538 from Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, to Thomas Cromwell, as \"a man can not have his cake and eat his cake\". The phrase occurs with the clauses reversed in John Heywood's \"A dialogue Conteinyng the Nomber in Effect of All the Prouerbes in the Englishe Tongue\" from",
"title": "You can't have your cake and eat it"
},
{
"id": "8924400",
"text": "at University College London before dropping out to become an actress. Punch made her acting debut in a 1998 episode of \"The New Adventures of Robin Hood\". Her other TV credits include the naive daughter of Alison Steadman's character in the short-lived series \"Let Them Eat Cake\" which starred French and Saunders. She starred as a football player in the kids TV show \"Renford Rejects\", and played the role of victim Melissa Townsend in the 19th episode of \"Midsomer Murders\". In 2000, Punch appeared in the film \"Greenfingers\". Punch made her stage debut as Elaine in Terry Johnson's West End",
"title": "Lucy Punch"
},
{
"id": "12728536",
"text": "Let Them Eat Cake (House) \"Let Them Eat Cake\" is the tenth episode of the fifth season of \"House\" and the ninety-sixth episode overall. It originally aired on December 2, 2008. When a fitness guru, Emmy (Samantha Shelton), faints and breaks her ankle, she is sent to Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital, under the care of House and his diagnostics team. When House's team realizes she had gastric bypass surgery, Taub accuses her of being a hypocrite. Emmy develops numbness in her left leg. Emmy gradually loses muscle and nerve control throughout her body and hallucinates. Eventually, Emmy gets frustrated and asks",
"title": "Let Them Eat Cake (House)"
},
{
"id": "10259898",
"text": "appellera l'histoire\"\". Great figures of the past have stories told about them which grow in the telling, and so become myths and legends which may dominate or displace the more prosaic historical facts about them. For example, some ancient chroniclers said that the Emperor Nero fiddled while Rome burned, but Tacitus disputed this by saying the stories were just malicious rumours. Similarly, there is no good evidence that Marie-Antoinette ever said \"let them eat cake\", or that Lady Godiva rode naked through the streets of Coventry. Thomas Carlyle pointed out that even to the person living it, every life \"remains",
"title": "Historical figure"
},
{
"id": "4197856",
"text": "of the complete scores of two George and Ira Gershwin musicals: \"Of Thee I Sing\" and its sequel \"Let 'Em Eat Cake\". This was the first time these scores had been recorded in their entirety. Kert made brief appearances in the feature films \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" (1953) and \"New York, New York\" (1977). His television credits included guest appearances on \"The Sorcerer's Apprentice (Alfred Hitchcock Presents)\", \"Kraft Suspense Theatre\", \"The Bell Telephone Hour\", \"Hawaii Five-O\", \"Kojak: Conspiracy of Fear (1973)\", and \"Love, American Style\". He appeared several times on \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\". Kert's last stage appearance came",
"title": "Larry Kert"
},
{
"id": "6596432",
"text": "Morning\"). A guillotine bought from France is unveiled, and Snookfield is shown to be the executioner. Since Throttlebottom is not married, he will be executed first. After a series of mishaps with the guillotine, Mary interrupts the proceedings. She presents a \"Fashion Show\" with dresses that arrived on the boat that brought the guillotine. After being reminded that the color of the revolution is blue, and they cannot wear the new fashions, the women revolt. Kruger objects, but the soldiers seize him after Trixie reminds them of an upcoming party. Wintergreen tells the soldiers to shoot Kruger. When Kruger reveals",
"title": "Let 'Em Eat Cake"
},
{
"id": "12728541",
"text": "of what he claims to want. Cuddy has the furniture removed from House's office. They confront each other, and House accuses her of wanting him, claiming she wears provocative clothing to get his attention. She claims their rivalry is \"going somewhere\", but when House gropes her instead of kissing her, Cuddy leaves. To reconcile, House arranges with Cuddy's mom to retrieve Cuddy's medical school desk from storage and install it into her renovated office. Meanwhile, Kutner tells Taub he has started an online diagnostic clinic, but used House's name, not his own. Taub blackmails Kutner for 30% of the profits",
"title": "Let Them Eat Cake (House)"
},
{
"id": "13144267",
"text": "The Austin Film Festival in 2007, Jayce Bartok, the movie's screenwriter, was asked about the title's meaning. Bartok is quoted as saying, \"The Cake Eaters is a term I grew up with in Pennsylvania. My mom used to use it to describe those who had it made, had their lives mapped out for them, were the most likely to succeed… 'The Cake Eaters.' I thought it was an interesting metaphor for this group of misfits who begin the story searching and longing for love, trying to overcome grief, and through the course of the story… find their 'cake.' They find",
"title": "The Cake Eaters"
},
{
"id": "5245627",
"text": "\"Let 'Em Eat Cake\" one week before the official release date of October 14, 2014. Alexz embarked on a tour in support of the album from October until December of the same year. Jared & The Mill and Patrick Droney joined her as special guests. From February to March 2015, Johnson had a five-week residency at The Hotel Cafe in Hollywood, CA. Johnson's song \"Let 'Em Eat Cake\" was featured in an episode of \"South of Hell\" starring Mena Suvari. The episode aired on November 27, 2015 on WE tv. Johnson collaborated with Bleu on the project Johnson & McAuley.",
"title": "Alexz Johnson"
},
{
"id": "601405",
"text": "to other aspects: \"(to) have written\", \"(to) be writing\", \"(to) have been writing\". The second-person imperative is identical to the (basic) infinitive; other imperative forms may be made with \"let\" (\"let us go\", or \"let's go\"; \"let them eat cake\"). A form identical to the infinitive can be used as a present subjunctive in certain contexts: \"It is important that he follow them\" or \"... that he be committed to the cause\". There is also a past subjunctive (distinct from the simple past only in the possible use of \"were\" instead of \"was\"), used in some conditional sentences and similar:",
"title": "English grammar"
},
{
"id": "2549225",
"text": "considered pejorative. Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker's man \"Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker's man\", \"Pat-a-cake\", \"patty-cake\" or \"pattycake\" is one of the oldest and most widely known surviving English nursery rhymes. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 6486. The earliest recorded version of the rhyme appears in Thomas D'Urfey's play \"The Campaigners\" from 1698, where a nurse says to her charges: ...and pat a cake Bakers man, so I will master as I can, and prick it, and prick it, and prick it, and prick it, and prick it, and throw't into the Oven. The next appearance is in \"Mother Goose's",
"title": "Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker's man"
},
{
"id": "127019",
"text": "1817, 1824). The first retrospective exhibition of Vigée Le Brun's work was held in 1982 at the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas. The first major international retrospective exhibition of her art premiered at the Galeries nationales du Grand Palais in Paris (2015—2016) and was subsequently shown at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City (2016) and the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa (2016). In the episode \"The Portrait\" from the BBC series \"Let Them Eat Cake\" (1999), written by Peter Learmouth and starring Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders, Madame Vigée Le Brun (Maggie Steed) paints",
"title": "Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun"
},
{
"id": "2659011",
"text": "also followed, although no figurine is included. In addition, a similar version with whole cooked eggs on top of the cake is also served on Easter as \"rosca de Pascua\". In some places, the \"rosca de reyes\" is replaced by panettone. In the southern United States, the tradition was brought to the area by Basque settlers in 1718. Originally, it was a cinnamon-filled bready cake eaten to celebrate Epiphany, but it is now associated with Carnival (also known as Mardi Gras). Celebrated across the Gulf Coast region from the Florida Panhandle to East Texas, King cake parties are documented back",
"title": "King cake"
},
{
"id": "1858498",
"text": "\"pro-employer, laissez-faire\" era, later known as the \"Lochner\" era, which \"would cast a long shadow over American law, society, and politics\" until the late 1930s, when \"Lochner\" was repudiated. Frustrated with the rapid deterioration of working conditions, bakery workers in New York went on strike in August 1905. In Roman Catholic tradition, the patron saint of bakers and pastry chefs is Honoratus of Amiens (Honoré), a sixth-century bishop of Amiens in northern France for whom the St. Honoré cake is named. Lazarus of Bethany (Lazare) was originally a competitor to Honoré for the title of patron saint of bakers, but",
"title": "Baker"
},
{
"id": "10156870",
"text": "have been a rumor started by angry French peasants as a form of libel. This phrase originally appeared in Book VI of the first part (finished in 1767, published in 1782) of Rousseau's putative autobiographical work, \"Les Confessions\": \"\"Enfin je me rappelai le pis-aller d'une grande princesse à qui l'on disait que les paysans n'avaient pas de pain, et qui répondit: Qu'ils mangent de la brioche\"\" (\"Finally I recalled the stopgap solution of a great princess who was told that the peasants had no bread, and who responded: 'Let them eat brioche). Apart from the fact that Rousseau ascribes these",
"title": "French fashion"
},
{
"id": "1498774",
"text": "Gaudy Gaudy or gaudie (from the Latin, \"gaudium\", meaning \"enjoyment\" or \"merry-making\") is a term used to reflect student life in a number of the ancient universities in the United Kingdom as well as other institutions such as Durham University and Reading University. It is generally believed to relate to the traditional student song, De Brevitate Vitae (On the Shortness of Life), which is commonly known as the \"Gaudeamus\" (Let's make merry) by virtue of its first word. At the University of Oxford a gaudy ('gaude' at New College, Oxford, pronounced the same) is a college feast. It is often",
"title": "Gaudy"
},
{
"id": "6165150",
"text": "Victor Lindlahr Victor Hugo Lindlahr (February 14, 1897 – January 26, 1969) was an American radio presenter and health food writer. From 1936 to 1953, he hosted \"Talks and Diet\", a popular radio series about nutrition. In 1918, Lindlahr graduated from the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine. His father was the famous naturopath Henry Lindlahr. In 1940, he wrote the book \"You Are What You Eat\", one of the earliest texts of the health food movement in the United States, which sold over half a million copies. His book is also credited for popularizing the expression. Between 1944-1953, Lindlahr endorsed",
"title": "Victor Lindlahr"
},
{
"id": "3265899",
"text": "of the Environment and Public Health Committee he played an important role in negotiating amendments to the Chocolate Directive, which would finally enable British dairy milk cocolate to be sold throughout the EU. Meanwhile, fed up with the limp response from the UK (Labour) Government back home to the continued boycott of British beef by France for blatantly protectionist reasons, he joined ten other colleagues in a demonstration in Paris in autumn 1999. They carried a banner with the slogan ' Marie Antoinette said Let them eat cake, British Conservative MEPs say let them eat British beef. This made headlines",
"title": "Philip Bushill-Matthews"
},
{
"id": "15173225",
"text": "God helps those who help themselves The phrase \"God helps those who help themselves\" is a popular motto that emphasizes the importance of self-initiative and agency. The expression is still famous around the globe and used to inspire people for self-help. Here is one example sentence in English: \"You better start preparing for the test because God helps those who help themselves.\" The phrase originated in ancient Greece and may originally have been proverbial. It is illustrated by two of Aesop's Fables and a similar sentiment is found in ancient Greek drama. Although it has been commonly attributed to Benjamin",
"title": "God helps those who help themselves"
},
{
"id": "10338409",
"text": "He who does not work, neither shall he eat He who does not work, neither shall he eat is a New Testament aphorism originally by Paul the Apostle, later cited by John Smith in Jamestown, Virginia, and by Lenin during the Russian Revolution. The aphorism is found in the Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle (with Silvanus and Timothy) to the Thessalonians, in which Paul writes: that is, The Greek phrase means \"is not willing to work\". Other English translations render this as \"would\" or \"will not work\", which may confuse readers unaccustomed to this use of the verb \"will\"",
"title": "He who does not work, neither shall he eat"
},
{
"id": "6596426",
"text": "their money back, citing the European Brown Shirts and Black Shirts. With business now booming (\"Shirts by Millions\"), Mary appeals to the women to join the New Blue D.A.R. (\"Climb up the Social Ladder\") to increase female shirt sales. Wintergreen now needs the support of the Union League Club, because General Snookfield is a member. Throttlebottom persuades them by saying that the British are attacking Bunker Hill (\"Comes the Revolution Reprise\"). Having secured the Union League Club support, The Blue Shirts meet with Snookfield to plan the overthrow of the government (\"On and On and On\"). At nine o'clock on",
"title": "Let 'Em Eat Cake"
},
{
"id": "13144268",
"text": "some love, happiness, peace….\" The term was widely popularized as a quote from the 1992 film \"The Mighty Ducks\". \"The Cake Eaters\" opened at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 29, 2007, and made the rounds of the independent film circuit, premiering at various film festivals such as Woodstock Film Festival, Lone Star International Film Festival, Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival, et al. It was eventually given a very limited theatrical release on March 13, 2009, and debuted on DVD on March 24, 2009. \"The Cake Eaters\" currently holds a \"fresh\" rating of 64% at Rotten Tomatoes. Roger Ebert of",
"title": "The Cake Eaters"
},
{
"id": "6596427",
"text": "July 4, when the Blue Shirts arrive, Snookfield will give the signal for his soldiers to seize Tweedledee. On the Fourth, at the White House grounds, Tweedledee is giving a speech, when Snookfield leaves with Trixie for a party. The Blue Shirts arrive only to find the general is missing and the soldiers don't know what to do. Tweedledee promises the army a \"dollar a day which (he) may not pay.\" Wintergreen promises the army the war debts owed by the League of Nations, which the soldiers accept. Tweedledee is deposed, and Wintergreen declares that \"the land of freedom is",
"title": "Let 'Em Eat Cake"
},
{
"id": "12728542",
"text": "in exchange for not telling House. Kutner has trouble with a patient who insists her breast implants are causing problems. The patient shows up at Princeton-Plainsboro to complain to House, whom she believes she has been emailing. Kutner and Taub send her to the emergency room so Cameron can deal with her. When the woman starts singing \"Coconut\" uncontrollably and bleeding from her ears, Chase tells Kutner to ask House to help. Kutner refuses because his scam will be revealed if he involves House. Chase agrees to help for 25% of the profits. When Kutner and Taub check on the",
"title": "Let Them Eat Cake (House)"
},
{
"id": "12728540",
"text": "sharing his desk until House disrupts her while she is on the phone with a donor. Cuddy retaliates by pouring a vial of hydrogen sulfide in his office, forcing House to work in a room smelling of rotten eggs—he chooses to leave. The next morning, he heads down to her office, smashes her toilet with a sledgehammer, and convinces the architect he is Cuddy's boss and that he must approve all renovations. House tells Wilson he is having the toilet replaced with a bidet; Wilson notes House appears to be trying to keep Cuddy in his office, the exact opposite",
"title": "Let Them Eat Cake (House)"
},
{
"id": "16354136",
"text": "Le Beurre et l'argent du beurre Le Beurre et l'argent du beurre is a 2007 documentary film directed by Alidou Badini and Philippe Baqué. The title, which translates to \"Butter and the money from butter\", derives from a French idiom equivalent to the English phrase \"Have one's cake and eat it too\". Fair trading is very much in fashion today. The concept is to help the most underprivileged populations on our planet to emerge from this state thanks to a fairer distribution of revenues. The Shea butter is produced by the poorest women of Burkina Faso, and is more and",
"title": "Le Beurre et l'argent du beurre"
},
{
"id": "5127001",
"text": "Andrew Myrick Andrew J. Myrick (May 28, 1832 – August 18, 1862), was a trader who, with his Dakota wife (\"Winyangewin\"/Nancy Myrick), operated stores in southwest Minnesota at two Indian agencies serving the Dakota (referred to as Sioux at the time) near the Minnesota River. In the summer of 1862, when the Dakota were starving because of failed crops and delayed annuity payments, Myrick is noted as refusing to sell them food on credit, saying, \"Let them eat grass.\" A Dakota band led by Chief Little Crow went to war against the agency settlements, and Myrick was killed on the",
"title": "Andrew Myrick"
},
{
"id": "3127338",
"text": "\"Bonjoooouuurrr, ya cheese-eatin' surrender monkeys!\" On the episode's audio commentary, executive producer Al Jean said the line was \"probably\" written by \"The Simpsons\" staff writer Ken Keeler. In a February 2012 interview, Keeler confirmed that he coined the term; he said he considers it his best contribution to the show. Al Jean commented that the staff did not expect the term to become widely used and never intended it as any kind of genuine political statement. When \"Round Springfield\" was dubbed in French, the line became \"Rendez-vous, singes mangeurs de fromage\" (\"Surrender, you cheese-eating monkeys\"). Use of the term has",
"title": "Cheese-eating surrender monkeys"
},
{
"id": "6596430",
"text": "his associates' objections (\"Oyez, Oyez, Oyez\"). In the \"Trial of Throttlebottom\" a military tribunal is underway. Kruger, the Army, and the Ball Players call for Throttlebottom's execution claiming he conspired with the enemy. Wintergreen and his associates object, until the army levels the guns at them. Kruger and the army want to know when they are going be paid (\"A Hell of a Hole\"). After Wintergreen offers them a share of the shirt business, the army is going to take it all (Down With Everything That's Up -- Reprise). Despite pleading he tried his best to get the money (\"It",
"title": "Let 'Em Eat Cake"
},
{
"id": "15173229",
"text": "help when his ship is wrecked and is advised to try swimming first. It has been conjectured that both stories were created to illustrate an already existing proverb. The French author Jean de La Fontaine also adapted the first of these fables as \"Le chartier embourbé\" (\"Fables\" VI.18) and draws the moral \"Aide-toi, le ciel t'aidera\" (Help yourself and Heaven will help you too). A little earlier, George Herbert had included \"Help thyself, and God will help thee\" in his proverb collection, \"Jacula Prudentum\" (1651). But it was the English political theorist Algernon Sidney who originated the now familiar wording,",
"title": "God helps those who help themselves"
},
{
"id": "878829",
"text": "(from \"Bride-ale\"), originally the wedding-feast itself, has grown into a general descriptive adjective, the \"bridal\" ceremony. The \"bride-cake\" had its origin in the Roman \"confarreatio\", an upper-class form of marriage, the essential features of whose ceremony were the eating by the couple of a cake made of salt, water and spelt flour, and the holding by the bride of three wheat-ears, a symbol of plenty. The cake-eating went out of fashion, but the wheat ears survived. In the Middle Ages they were either worn or carried by the bride. Eventually it became the custom for the young girls to assemble",
"title": "Bride"
},
{
"id": "679375",
"text": "amateur of cooks may bake a cake. The term \"cake\" has a long history. The word itself is of Viking origin, from the Old Norse word \"kaka\". The ancient Greeks called cake πλακοῦς (\"plakous\"), which was derived from the word for \"flat\", πλακόεις (\"plakoeis\"). It was baked using flour mixed with eggs, milk, nuts and honey. They also had a cake called \"satura\", which was a flat heavy cake. During the Roman period, the name for cake became \"placenta\" which was derived from the Greek term. A placenta was baked on a pastry base or inside a pastry case. The",
"title": "Cake"
},
{
"id": "679376",
"text": "Greeks invented beer as a leavener, frying fritters in olive oil, and cheesecakes using goat's milk. In ancient Rome, basic bread dough was sometimes enriched with butter, eggs, and honey, which produced a sweet and cake-like baked good. Latin poet Ovid refers his and his brother's birthday party and cake in his first book of exile, \"Tristia\". Early cakes in England were also essentially bread: the most obvious differences between a \"cake\" and \"bread\" were the round, flat shape of the cakes, and the cooking method, which turned cakes over once while cooking, while bread was left upright throughout the",
"title": "Cake"
},
{
"id": "1558845",
"text": "choices?<br> Person 1: You may eat cake, pie, or brownies. The phrase has come under criticism in both American and British courts. Judges have called it a \"freakish fad\", an \"accuracy-destroying symbol\", and \"meaningless\". In a Wisconsin Supreme Court opinion from 1935, Justice Fowler referred to it as \"that befuddling, nameless thing, that Janus-faced verbal monstrosity, neither word nor phrase, the child of a brain of someone too lazy or too dull to know what he did mean.\" The Kentucky Supreme Court has said it was a \"much-condemned conjunctive-disjunctive crutch of sloppy thinkers.\" Finally, the Florida Supreme Court has held",
"title": "And/or"
},
{
"id": "1656175",
"text": "their prize by doing no more than walking around in a circle. Though the dance itself could be physically demanding, it was generally considered a fun, recreational pastime, covertly mocking slaveholder dance parties. The phrase \"takes the cake\" also comes from this practice, as could \"piece of cake.\" One version of the cakewalk is sometimes taught, performed included in competitions within the Scottish-inspired Highland dance community, especially in the southern United States. A version of the cakewalk seen in vintage film clips from the early 1900s is kept alive in the Lindy hop community through performances by the Hot Shots",
"title": "Cakewalk"
},
{
"id": "679377",
"text": "baking process. Sponge cakes, leavened with beaten eggs, originated during the Renaissance, possibly in Spain. During the Great Depression, there was a surplus of molasses and the need to provide easily made food to millions of economically depressed people in the United States. One company patented a cake-bread mix in order to deal with this economic situation, and thereby established the first line of cake in a box. In so doing, cake as it is known today became a mass-produced good rather than a home- or bakery-made specialty. Later, during the post-war boom, other American companies (notably General Mills) developed",
"title": "Cake"
},
{
"id": "12728539",
"text": "episode, Thirteen goes to talk to Foreman. She tells him that Janice in fact didn't scare her about her future, but it reminded her of her past. She admits that she wanted her mother to die, because her mother yelled at her all the time about nothing, even in front of her friends. Her father told her it was the disease, but she hated her mother nonetheless. She starts to cry and Foreman hugs her. Cuddy uses House's office while hers is renovated. She becomes an intrusive participant in the team's differential diagnosis, much to House's annoyance. They settle on",
"title": "Let Them Eat Cake (House)"
},
{
"id": "1615735",
"text": "essentially not to make an order or request, but to give an invitation, give permission, express a wish, make an apology, etc.: When written, imperative sentences are often, but not always, terminated with an exclamation mark. First person plural imperatives (cohortatives) are used mainly for suggesting an action to be performed together by the speaker and the addressee (and possibly other people): \"Let's go to Barbados this year\"; \"Let us pray\". Third person imperatives (jussives) are used to suggest or order that a third party or parties be permitted or made to do something: \"Let them eat cake\"; \"Let him",
"title": "Imperative mood"
},
{
"id": "6601503",
"text": "in flight speak of fertility, sexuality, and procreation — basic themes in Easter and its pagan precursors\". The second bread was designed to have no overall shape, but was rather baked to encircle an egg, with the initials \"BP\" put on it. The initials \"BP\" stand for \"buona Pasqua\" or \"happy Easter\". \"Letters rather than forms express meaning. Letters are symbolic of civilization and ... meaning\". Easter bread In many European countries, there are various traditions surrounding the use of bread during the Easter holidays. Traditionally the practice of eating Easter bread or sweetened \"communion\" bread traces its origin back",
"title": "Easter bread"
},
{
"id": "6546992",
"text": "Illegitimi non carborundum Illegitimi non carborundum is a mock-Latin aphorism possibly read as \"Don't let the bastards grind you down\". The phrase originated during World War II. Lexicographer Eric Partridge attributes it to British army intelligence very early in the war (using the dative plural \"illegitimis\"). The phrase was adopted by US Army General \"Vinegar\" Joe Stilwell as his motto during the war, in the form \"Illegitimati non carborundum\". It was later further popularized in the US by 1964 presidential candidate Barry Goldwater. The phrase is also used as the first line of one of the extra cod Latin verses",
"title": "Illegitimi non carborundum"
},
{
"id": "1656152",
"text": "Cakewalk The cakewalk or cake walk was a dance developed from the \"prize walks\" held in the late 19th century, generally at get-togethers on black slave plantations after emancipation in the Southern United States. Alternative names for the original form of the dance were \"chalkline-walk\", and the \"walk-around\". At the conclusion of a performance of the original form of the dance in an exhibit at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, an enormous cake was awarded to the winning couple. Thereafter it was performed in minstrel shows, exclusively by men until the 1890s. The inclusion of women in the cast",
"title": "Cakewalk"
},
{
"id": "12728537",
"text": "for chocolate cake to console herself; however, she becomes healthier after eating it. House realizes Emmy lacks an enzyme that requires carbohydrates. She has hereditary coproporphyria. The treatment is a diet rich in carbohydrates and glucose, but because of her gastric bypass and changes in her lifestyle, she has not been getting enough of either. Emmy rejects the treatment, opting for a pill that will manage her symptoms, but not make her healthy. Foreman begins his clinical trials on Huntington's disease, with Thirteen reluctantly partaking in the drug regimen. She sees a patient called Janice, and has a flashback, seeing",
"title": "Let Them Eat Cake (House)"
},
{
"id": "3572421",
"text": "Franz Sacher Franz Sacher (19 December 1816 – 11 March 1907) was an Austrian-Jewish confectioner, best known as the inventor of the world-famous chocolate cake, the Sachertorte. In 1832 Austria's minister of foreign affairs, Prince Metternich, ordered his court's kitchen to create a special dessert for a dinner to be attended by high-ranking guests. \"Dass er mir aber keine Schand' macht, heut' Abend!\" (\"Let there be no shame on me tonight!\"), he is reported to have declared. Unfortunately, on the day of the dinner the chief cook of Metternich's household was taken ill, and the task of preparing the dessert",
"title": "Franz Sacher"
},
{
"id": "11214621",
"text": "United States, this season aired years later on Qubo. Most episodes can be found on YouTube. Australia is the only country to have aired both \"Pucker Up\" and \"Let Them Eat Fruitcake\". The first official DVD release for this series was issued in Australia on July 2008. Two volumes are available so far: September 2008 saw the first official DVD release in the series' native Canada. One volume is available so far: Grossology (TV series) Grossology is a Canadian animated television series produced by Nelvana, and based loosely on the non-fictional children's book series of the same name by Sylvia",
"title": "Grossology (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "20404440",
"text": "Let Them Eat Pie \"Let Them Eat Pie\" is the ninth episode of the fourth season and 75th episode overall from the Fox series \"Gotham\". The show is itself based on the characters created by DC Comics set in the Batman mythology. The episode was written by consulting producer Iturri Sosa on his writing debut and directed by Nathan Hope. It was first broadcast on November 16, 2017. In the episode, the newly appointed GCPD Captain Gordon and the task force continue the manhunt for Professor Pyg, who has now killed homeless people and served them as \"meat pies\" he",
"title": "Let Them Eat Pie"
},
{
"id": "3219347",
"text": "series of low-profile EPs and albums, earning the band a nomination for a Norwegian Grammy, and secured a loyal following in Germany, Italy, Belgium and the Netherlands as well as in Scandinavia. The 1990s was an extremely productive era for the band, releasing new material almost every year, and enjoying critical acclaim for each album—if not the massive sales the music press kept predicting. With the 2000 album \"Let Them Eat Cake\", Motorpsycho suddenly took huge steps away from their noisy hard rock roots, opting instead for a smoother, jazz-tinged approach to the songwriting and recording process. They kept this",
"title": "Motorpsycho"
},
{
"id": "1767902",
"text": "\"Eat to live, not live to eat\" is commonly attributed to Socrates. A quotation from \"Rhetorica ad Herennium\" IV.28 : \"\"Esse oportet ut vivas; non vivere ut edas\"\" (\"It is necessary to eat in order to live, not to live in order to eat\") is credited by the \"Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs\" to Cicero. Gluttony Gluttony (, derived from the Latin \"gluttire\" meaning \"to gulp down or swallow\") means over-indulgence and over-consumption of food, drink, or wealth items. In Christianity, it is considered a sin if the excessive desire for food causes it to be withheld from the needy. Some",
"title": "Gluttony"
},
{
"id": "2659008",
"text": "of God,\" \"share of the Virgin Mary,\" or \"share of the poor\" was intended for the first poor person to arrive at the home. The \"roscón de reyes\" in Spain or \"rosca de reyes\" in Latin America is traditionally eaten on January 6, during the celebration of the \"Día de los reyes magos\" (Epiphany or the \"Day of the Three Wisemen\"). In most of Spain, Mexico and in Latino communities in the United States, this is the day when children get presents from the Three Wise Men. Before going to bed, children in Mexico leave a shoe outside their home,",
"title": "King cake"
},
{
"id": "2322794",
"text": "saying \"slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war.\" The words \"wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces\" are an allusion to the Fall of Man in the Book of Genesis. As a result of Adam's sin, God tells Adam that henceforth \"In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return\" (). Lincoln's phrase, \"but let us judge not, that we be",
"title": "Abraham Lincoln's second inaugural address"
},
{
"id": "15148726",
"text": "of rushed pink satin, embedded lighting and audios, Colette slept nude at its center everyday for the duration of the exhibition. This show was a topic of Jeffrey Deitch interview with Colette for WPS1 art radio in 2009. For the opening of \"PS 1\", as part of the \"Rooms\" exhibition in 1976, she transformed the attic with brown satins and tulle, embedded lighting, props dipped in resin and audios. The work was titled \"David' Wraith\"and she posed as Marat. In 1977, Colette represented the US in the Paris Bienale, with \"Let them eat Cake\" reclining in a lavender and salmon",
"title": "Colette Justine"
},
{
"id": "18862050",
"text": "in Creative Writing from California State University, Northridge. She worked for the International Documentary Association and assisted with the script for the 29th Annual IDA Documentary Awards. In 2012, she landed her first producing and writing gig on the short \"R.I.P\" (2012). She then worked in music licensing and composing on the award-winning documentary \"Let Them Eat Cake\" (2014), and wrote and produced the pilot for the show \"3 Orbs of Light\" (2011). In 2013, Minoti started Prophecy Girl Films. The company is described as \"a hybrid between a marketing company and a production company\". Company services include script development,",
"title": "Minoti Vaishnav"
},
{
"id": "15173234",
"text": "most Christians denounce as heresy. The phrase has featured in United States popular culture. In a \"Jaywalking\" sketch on \"The Tonight Show\", comedian host Jay Leno asked random people on the street to name one of the Ten Commandments. The most popular response given was \"God helps those who help themselves.\" Political commentator Bill O'Reilly employed the phrase, in responding to Jim McDermott who argued, \"This is Christmas time. We talk about Good Samaritans, the poor, the little baby Jesus in the cradle and all this stuff. And then we say to the unemployed we won't give you a check",
"title": "God helps those who help themselves"
},
{
"id": "2394263",
"text": "Parlement of Foules The Parlement of Foules (also known as the \"Parliament of Foules\", \"Parlement of Briddes\", \"Assembly of Fowls\", \"Assemble of Foules\", or \"The Parliament of Birds\") is a poem by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343?–1400) made up of approximately 700 lines. The poem is in the form of a dream vision in rhyme royal stanza and contains one of the earliest references to the idea that St. Valentine's Day is a special day for lovers. The poem begins with the narrator reading Cicero’s \"Somnium Scipionis\" in the hope of learning some \"certeyn thing\". When he falls asleep Scipio Africanus the",
"title": "Parlement of Foules"
},
{
"id": "7793932",
"text": "Bouffon Bouffon (English originally from French: \"farceur\", \"comique\", \"Donovan\", \"jester\") is a modern French theater term that was re-coined in the early 1960s by Jacques Lecoq at his L'École Internationale de Théâtre Jacques Lecoq in Paris to describe a specific style of performance work that has a main focus in the art of mockery. The word gave rise to the English word buffoon. The word bouffon comes from a Latin verb: , to puff (i.e., to fill the cheeks with air); the word \"Buffo\" was used in the Theatre of ancient Rome by those who appeared on the stage with",
"title": "Bouffon"
},
{
"id": "12381957",
"text": "is the \"...earliest [printed] citation the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" research staff has of this usage.\" Another popular idiom associated with the word \"toast\" is the expression \"to toast someone's health\", which is typically done by one or more persons at a gathering by raising a glass in salute to the individual. This meaning is derived from the early meaning of toast, which from the 1400s to the 1600s meant warmed bread that was placed in a drink. By the 1700s, there were references to the drink in which toast was dunked being used in a gesture that indicates respect: \"Ay,",
"title": "Toast"
}
] | where did the expression let them eat cake come from |
|
| [
{
"id": "13532575",
"text": "and Marshall Jewell as Attorney General and Postmaster General, respectively, who supported Bristow's investigations. In 1875, Pierrepont cleaned up corruption among the United States Attorneys and Marshals in the South. The Civil Service Reform Act (called \"the Pendleton Act\") is an 1883 federal law that created the United States Civil Service Commission. It eventually placed most federal employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called \"spoils system\". Drafted during the Chester A. Arthur administration, the Pendleton Act served as a response to President James Garfield's assassination by a disappointed office seeker. The Act was passed into",
"title": "U.S. Civil Service Reform"
},
{
"id": "7837097",
"text": "child abuse and neglect is the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA), originally enacted in 1974 (Public Law 93-247). It was amended several times and was most recently amended and reauthorized by the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act of 2016. The complete text of the lengthy law is listed under U.S. Code Title 42, Chapter 67.. A booklet presenting CAPTA, as amended by the Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003, including the Adoption Opportunities program and Abandoned Infants Assistance Act, as amended, is available from the Children's Bureau. The law was completely rewritten in the Child Abuse",
"title": "Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act"
},
{
"id": "14950158",
"text": "Congressional Review Act The Congressional Review Act (CRA) is a law that was enacted by the United States Congress under House Speaker Newt Gingrich as Subtitle E of the Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996 () and signed into law by President Bill Clinton on March 29, 1996. The law empowers Congress to review, by means of an expedited legislative process, new federal regulations issued by government agencies and, by passage of a joint resolution, to overrule a regulation. Once a rule is thus repealed, the CRA also prohibits the reissuing of the rule in substantially the same form",
"title": "Congressional Review Act"
},
{
"id": "14950172",
"text": "came under President Obama, and represented nearly half of the 12 regular vetoes he issued during his eight years in office. Congressional Review Act The Congressional Review Act (CRA) is a law that was enacted by the United States Congress under House Speaker Newt Gingrich as Subtitle E of the Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996 () and signed into law by President Bill Clinton on March 29, 1996. The law empowers Congress to review, by means of an expedited legislative process, new federal regulations issued by government agencies and, by passage of a joint resolution, to overrule a",
"title": "Congressional Review Act"
},
{
"id": "5001647",
"text": "Economy Act of March 20, 1933 The Economy Act of 1933, officially titled the Act of March 20, 1933 (ch. 3, ; ), is an Act of Congress that cut the salaries of federal workers and reduced benefit payments to veterans, moves intended to reduce the federal deficit in the United States. The Economy Act of 1933 is different from the Economy Act of 1932. The \"Economy Act of 1932\" was signed in the final days of the Hoover administration in February 1933. This sometimes leads to confusion between the two pieces of legislation. The Hoover-sponsored bill established the purchasing",
"title": "Economy Act of March 20, 1933"
},
{
"id": "9510448",
"text": "Federal Corrupt Practices Act The Federal Corrupt Practices Act, also known as the Publicity Act, was a federal law of the United States that was enacted in 1910 and amended in 1911 and 1925. It remained the nation's primary law regulating campaign finance in federal elections until the passage of the Federal Election Campaign Act in 1971. The Act of Congress was enacted on June 25, 1910 by US President William Howard Taft. The Federal Corrupt Practices Act was codified at 2 U.S.C. Section 241. It built upon the prohibition on corporate contributions in the Tillman Act of 1907. The",
"title": "Federal Corrupt Practices Act"
},
{
"id": "9510453",
"text": "Federal Corrupt Practices Act The Federal Corrupt Practices Act, also known as the Publicity Act, was a federal law of the United States that was enacted in 1910 and amended in 1911 and 1925. It remained the nation's primary law regulating campaign finance in federal elections until the passage of the Federal Election Campaign Act in 1971. The Act of Congress was enacted on June 25, 1910 by US President William Howard Taft. The Federal Corrupt Practices Act was codified at 2 U.S.C. Section 241. It built upon the prohibition on corporate contributions in the Tillman Act of 1907. The",
"title": "Federal Corrupt Practices Act"
},
{
"id": "15332601",
"text": "Detainee Treatment Act The Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 (DTA) is an Act of the United States Congress that was passed on 30 December 2005. Offered as an amendment to a supplemental defense spending bill, it contains provisions relating to treatment of persons in custody of the Department of Defense, and administration of detainees held in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, including: The amendment affected the United States Senate Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2006 (DOD Act); the amendment is commonly referred to as the \"Amendment on (1) the Army Field Manual and (2) Cruel, Inhumane, Degrading Treatment, amendment #1977\" and also",
"title": "Detainee Treatment Act"
},
{
"id": "17347407",
"text": "Stolen Valor Act of 2013 The Stolen Valor Act of 2013 (; ) is a United States federal law that was passed by the 113th United States Congress. The law amends the federal criminal code to make it a crime for a person to fraudulently claim having received a valor award specified in the Act, with the intention of obtaining money, property, or other tangible benefit by convincing another that he or she received the award. The current federal law is a revised version of a previous statute struck down by the Supreme Court of the United States in \"United",
"title": "Stolen Valor Act of 2013"
},
{
"id": "8867835",
"text": "HR 3132 received 88 cosponsors and was forwarded to the Senate on September 15, 2005 where it became S1086. The bill eventually became law as the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006, and was signed July 27, 2006 by President George W. Bush on the 25th anniversary of Adam Walsh's death. United States House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children The House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children (HCMEC) was formed in order to assist the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) and coordinate United States federal legislation preventing child abduction and exploitation of children,",
"title": "United States House Caucus on Missing and Exploited Children"
},
{
"id": "17347201",
"text": "No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013 The No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013 (; ) is a law passed during the 113th United States Congress. The Act temporarily suspended the US debt ceiling from February 4 to May 18, 2013. It also placed temporary restrictions on Congressional salaries. An earlier version of the No Budget, No Pay Act (unrelated to the debt ceiling) was originally introduced in early 2012 by Jim Cooper, a Democratic congressman from Tennessee. It stipulated that congressmen in the United States Congress would not get paid unless they passed a budget by October 1,",
"title": "No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013"
},
{
"id": "19565479",
"text": "Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (abbreviated PRWORA, also commonly described as the 1996 Welfare Reform Act), Public Law 104-193, was passed by the 104th United States Congress and signed into law by then President Bill Clinton. The law was the cornerstone of the Republican Party's Contract with America and fulfilled Clinton's promise to \"end welfare as we have come to know it.\" While its most famous component was the replacement of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) by the more temporary and less generous Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, the law had lesser known provisions surrounding",
"title": "Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements"
},
{
"id": "9304040",
"text": "year. In \"United States v. Alvarez\" the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on June 28, 2012, that the Stolen Valor Act was an unconstitutional abridgment of the freedom of speech under the First Amendment, striking down the law in a 6 to 3 decision. The Act was first introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives on July 19, 2005, by Representative John Salazar, a Democrat from Colorado, as H.R. 3352. It was introduced in the Senate by Senator Kent Conrad, a Democrat from North Dakota, on November 10, 2005, as S. 1998. The Senate version was passed unanimously on September 7,",
"title": "Stolen Valor Act of 2005"
},
{
"id": "20471580",
"text": "Fix NICS Act of 2017 The Fix NICS Act of 2017 is a United States federal law passed as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 signed as Pub.L.115-141 by President Donald Trump on March 23, 2018. The law applies penalties to government agencies for not reporting to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). It was introduced in the 115th United States Congress in the wake of the Sutherland Springs church shooting. The House bill contains a provision requiring the United States Justice Department to report on the number of times a bump stock was used in a",
"title": "Fix NICS Act of 2017"
},
{
"id": "7947878",
"text": "Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005 The Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005 (or TIPRA, , ) is an American law, which was enacted on May 17, 2006. This bill prevents several tax provisions from sunsetting in the near future. The two most notable pieces of the bill are the extension of the reduced tax rates on capital gains and dividends and extension of the alternative minimum tax (AMT) tax reduction. The U.S. House of Representatives approved the bill as , 244–185, and the U.S. Senate approved it 54-44, largely along party lines, with most Republicans",
"title": "Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005"
},
{
"id": "19944963",
"text": "Holman Rule The Holman Rule is a rule in the United States House of Representatives that allows amendments to appropriations legislation that would reduce the salary of or fire specific federal employees, or cut a specific program. The rule was first enacted in 1876 and rescinded in 1983, and was reinstated in January 2017 on a temporary basis. The rule is an exception to the prohibition against provisions in appropriations legislation that change existing law. Prior to the rule's reinstatement in 2017, cuts could be made to agencies broadly, but not to specific programs or employees. The rule was used",
"title": "Holman Rule"
},
{
"id": "14576073",
"text": "Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 The Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970 () was an act of the United States Congress to \"improve the operation of the legislative branch of the Federal Government, and for other purposes.\" The act focused mainly on the rules that governed congressional committee procedures, decreasing the power of the chair and empowering minority members, and on making House and Senate processes more transparent. The origins of the act can be traced back to the formation of the Joint Committee on the Organization of the Congress in March 1965. The committee held extensive hearings and issued its",
"title": "Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970"
},
{
"id": "5001656",
"text": "U.S. 628 (1938), the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that Congress had violated federal law in eliminating certain insurance guarantees formerly offered to veterans by the War Risk Insurance Act (as amended December 24, 1919; Chapter 16, Section 12, 41 Stat. 371), and those benefits were restored. The Economy Act had little effect on either the federal deficit or the economy. Spending in other areas rose so substantially that it dwarfed the cuts imposed by the Economy Act. The benefit cuts also did not last. In June 1933, Roosevelt restored $50 million in pension payments, and Congress added",
"title": "Economy Act of March 20, 1933"
},
{
"id": "3907468",
"text": "high profile revelations, Congress enacted the FCPA to bring a halt to the bribery of foreign officials and to restore public confidence in the integrity of the American business system. The Act was signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on December 19, 1977. The first criminal enforcement action under the Act was against Finbar Kenny. Kenny had advanced Sir Albert Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands, $337,000 from postage stamp revenue for Henry's re-election campaign. In 1979, Kenny became the first American to plead guilty of violating the FCPA, and was fined $50,000. The Act was first amended",
"title": "Foreign Corrupt Practices Act"
},
{
"id": "3997041",
"text": "on the Appropriations Committee, favored the president's plan, and was among the few Democrats in the House to support it. The bill that emerged from the Ways and Means Committee, dominated by protectionists, provided for only a 10 percent reduction. After conference with the Senate, the resulting bill had an even smaller effect, reducing tariffs by an average of 1.47 percent. It passed both houses narrowly on March 3, 1883, the last full day of the 47th Congress; Arthur signed the measure into law. Toward the end, Randall took less part in the debate, feeling the tension between his supporters",
"title": "Samuel J. Randall"
},
{
"id": "3066575",
"text": "repealed the Habeas Corpus Act 1867, eliminating the Supreme Court's jurisdiction over the case. Reconstruction Acts The Reconstruction Acts, or Military Reconstruction Acts, (March 2, 1867, 14 Stat. 428-430, c.153; March 23, 1867, 15 Stat. 2-5, c.6; July 19, 1867, 15 Stat. 14-16, c.30; and March 11, 1868, 15 Stat. 41, c.25) were four statutes passed during the Reconstruction Era by the 40th United States Congress addressing requirement for Southern States to be readmitted to the Union. The actual title of the initial legislation was \"An act to provide for the more efficient government of the Rebel States\" and it",
"title": "Reconstruction Acts"
},
{
"id": "19777362",
"text": "sufficient bond or bail.\" It was amended in 1860. Although the California legislature repealed parts of the statute after the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished involuntary servitude, it was not repealed in its entirety until 1937. The Act for the Government and Protection of Indians is in line with other laws passed in the state of California during this time, such as the Greaser Act in 1855 and the Foreign Miners' Tax Act of 1850 (repealed in 1851 and reinstated in 1852). Act for the Government and Protection of Indians The Act for the Government and Protection",
"title": "Act for the Government and Protection of Indians"
},
{
"id": "15720431",
"text": "had been frozen from 1992 to 2002, rose by nearly 600% by 2010. She also enacted the Universal Childhood Entitlement in 2009. The benefit, contingent upon proof of a child's vaccination and enrollment in school, reached 30% of children, and directly resulted in a reduction in the nation's overall poverty rate from 26% to 22.6% within a year of its implementation. Following the loss of the Front for Victory's absolute majorities in both houses of Congress, opposition lawmakers passed a bill on October 14, 2010, reinstating the \"82% móvil\" schedule. The President vetoed the bill, citing the improvements gained by",
"title": "ANSES"
},
{
"id": "13969540",
"text": "slightly modified form, still exists today at . National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) was a US labor law and consumer law passed by the US Congress to authorize the President to regulate industry for fair wages and prices that would stimulate economic recovery. It also established a national public works program known as the Public Works Administration (PWA, not to be confused with the WPA of 1935). The National Recovery Administration (NRA) portion was widely hailed in 1933, but by 1934 business' opinion of the act had soured. By March 1934",
"title": "National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933"
},
{
"id": "660304",
"text": "Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (ch. 27, ) is a United States federal law enacted in 1883 that mandated that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation. The act provided selection of government employees by competitive exams, rather than ties to politicians or political affiliation. It also made it illegal to fire or demote government officials for political reasons and prohibited soliciting campaign donations on Federal government property. To enforce the merit system and the judicial system, the law also created the United States",
"title": "Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act"
},
{
"id": "13284152",
"text": "case quickly became a nation-wide debate and garnered the attention from then U.S. Surgeon General, Dr. C. Everett Koop. Koop, a pro-life proponent and retired pediatric surgeon, condemned the court ruling. One year later, the Reagan administration orchestrated new regulation creating the notorious \"Baby Doe Squads\" and toll-free hotline to answer any complaint concerning potential abuse of a disabled infant. Known as the Baby Doe regulations, these were eventually overturned. In 1984, Congress legislated additional amendments to the Child Abuse Protection and Treatment Act (CAPTA) outlawing the withholding of necessity-based medical care, specifically noting \"appropriate nutrition, hydration, and medication,\" from",
"title": "Child euthanasia"
},
{
"id": "2434979",
"text": "The lower court ruling established a major precedent, and became a serious issue for the unions. The Clayton Act of 1914 presumably exempted unions from the antitrust prohibition and established for the first time the Congressional principle that \"the labor of a human being is not a commodity or article of commerce\". However, judicial interpretation so weakened it that prosecutions of labor under the antitrust acts continued until the enactment of the Norris-La Guardia Act in 1932. State legislation 1912–1918: 36 states adopted the principle of workmen's compensation for all industrial accidents. Also: prohibition of the use of an industrial",
"title": "Labor history of the United States"
},
{
"id": "18041743",
"text": "Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. The Stop Exploitation Through Trafficking Act of 2013 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on November 21, 2013 by Rep. Erik Paulsen (R, MN-3). It was referred to the United States House Committee on the Judiciary, the United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce, and the United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security and Investigations. On May 13, 2014, the bill was reported (amended) by the Committee on the Judiciary alongside House Report 113-447 part 1. It",
"title": "Stop Exploitation Through Trafficking Act of 2013"
},
{
"id": "17505546",
"text": "passed by Senator Stephen A. Douglas. Through the compromise, California was admitted as a free state after its state convention unanimously opposed slavery there, Texas was financially compensated for the loss of its territories, the slave trade (not slavery) was abolished in the District of Columbia, and the Fugitive Slave Law was passed as a concession to the South. Abolitionists were outraged because the new law required Northerners to help in the capture and return of runaway slaves. In 1854, Congress passed the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened those territories to slavery if the local residents voted that way. The antislavery",
"title": "Abolitionism in the United States"
},
{
"id": "19886884",
"text": "fiscal year 2017. It passed the House in this fashion in a conference report vote on . The Senate then passed the measure in a conference report on December 8 by a tally of 92–7. The bipartisan bill was written in March 2016 by U.S. Senators Republican Rob Portman and Democrat Chris Murphy. It was introduced by Senator Portman under its initial name Countering Information Warfare Act, on as S.2692. It was introduced as the Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act in the United States House of Representatives on as H.R.5181, co-sponsored by Republican Congressman Adam Kinzinger along with Democratic",
"title": "Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act"
},
{
"id": "659468",
"text": "ultimately repealed the rule, by authoring a resolution for repeal, and assembling the coalition necessary to pass it. The pro-slavery forces responded with a series of gag rules that automatically \"tabled\" all such petitions, preventing them from being read or discussed. The House of Representatives passed the Pinckney Resolutions, authored by Henry L. Pinckney of South Carolina, on May 26, 1836, the third of which was known from the beginning as the \"gag rule\" and passed with a vote of 117 to 68. (The first stated that Congress had no constitutional authority to interfere with slavery in the states and",
"title": "Gag rule"
},
{
"id": "4756259",
"text": "Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (or OBRA-93) was a federal law that was enacted by the 103rd United States Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton. It has also been referred to, unofficially, as the Deficit Reduction Act of 1993. Part XIII, which dealt with taxes and is also called the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1993. Some alternatives to the bill included a proposal by Senator David Boren (D-OK), which among other things would have kept much of the tax increase on upper-income payers but would have eliminated all energy",
"title": "Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993"
},
{
"id": "14390980",
"text": "Responsibility Act that passed the House in 2009; but with some slight variation. The reform package included, The law codified the \"economic substance\" rule of Gregory v. Helvering from 1935, which allows the IRS to invalidate tax avoidance transactions in certain situations. The Congressional Budget Office's last estimate predicted that if both bills were passed into law in 2010, the net reduction in federal deficits would be $143 billion over the 2010–2019 period as a result of the proposed changes in direct spending and revenues. That figure comprises $124 billion in net reductions deriving from the health care and revenue",
"title": "Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010"
},
{
"id": "16385283",
"text": "Federal prosecution of public corruption in the United States Several statutes, mostly codified in Title 18 of the United States Code, provide for federal prosecution of public corruption in the United States. Federal prosecutions of public corruption under the Hobbs Act (enacted 1934), the mail and wire fraud statutes (enacted 1872), including the honest services fraud provision, the Travel Act (enacted 1961), and the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) (enacted 1970) began in the 1970s. \"Although none of these statutes was enacted in order to prosecute official corruption, each has been interpreted to provide a means to do",
"title": "Federal prosecution of public corruption in the United States"
},
{
"id": "13488761",
"text": "bill's final conference report (which includes a \"cash for clunkers\" provision tacked onto the supplemental war funding), 226-202, with Republicans mostly opposing the bill, and on June 18, the Senate followed up by a bipartisan vote, 91-5. On June 24, President Barack Obama signed the bill into law. Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009 The Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009 (, , enacted June 24, 2009) is a United States federal law appropriating public funds for spending in the Iraq War and Afghanistan War during the 2009 fiscal year. The Obama administration vowed that this \"war supplemental\" will be the last of its",
"title": "Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009"
},
{
"id": "1958746",
"text": "A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated regulations of the poultry industry according to the nondelegation doctrine and as an invalid use of Congress' power under the commerce clause. This was a unanimous decision that rendered the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933, a main component of President Roosevelt's New Deal, unconstitutional. The regulations at issue were promulgated under the authority of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of 1933. These included price and wage fixing,",
"title": "A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States"
},
{
"id": "762170",
"text": "to a 51 percent reduction in average shipping rates, and $480 billion has been reinvested by the industry into their rail systems. The Staggers Act was one of three major deregulation laws passed by Congress in a two-year period, as the cumulative result of efforts to reform transport regulation begun in 1971, during the Nixon administration. The other two laws were the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 and the Motor Carrier Act of 1980. This legislation in effect superseded almost a century of detailed regulation begun with the establishment of the ICC in 1887. The Interstate Commerce Commission Termination Act",
"title": "Staggers Rail Act"
},
{
"id": "4756263",
"text": "which helped balance the budget and by the end of the 1990s began to reduce privately held public debt.[5] Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (or OBRA-93) was a federal law that was enacted by the 103rd United States Congress and signed into law by President Bill Clinton. It has also been referred to, unofficially, as the Deficit Reduction Act of 1993. Part XIII, which dealt with taxes and is also called the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1993. Some alternatives to the bill included a proposal by Senator David Boren (D-OK), which among",
"title": "Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993"
},
{
"id": "15804487",
"text": "Budget Control Act of 2011 The Budget Control Act of 2011 () is a federal statute enacted by the 112th United States Congress and signed into law by US President Barack Obama on August 2, 2011. The Act brought conclusion to the 2011 US debt-ceiling crisis. The law involves the introduction of several complex mechanisms, such as creation of the Congressional Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction (sometimes called the \"super committee\"), options for a balanced budget amendment, and automatic budget sequestration. Debt ceiling: Deficit reduction: Balanced Budget Amendment: Other provisions: The bill was the final chance in a series",
"title": "Budget Control Act of 2011"
},
{
"id": "5567596",
"text": "evidence would be subject to fines and/or imprisonment. The bill was named for its sponsors: Edward Keating and Robert Latham Owen. The work of Alexander McKelway and the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC), it was signed into law in 1916 by President Woodrow Wilson, who had lobbied heavily for its passage, and went into effect September 1, 1917. However, nine months later, in \"Hammer v. Dagenhart\", 247 U.S. 251 (1918), it was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States (see also Lochner era). Keating–Owen Act The Keating–Owen Child Labor Act of 1916 also known as Wick's Bill,",
"title": "Keating–Owen Act"
},
{
"id": "16385287",
"text": "in \"United States v. Hudson\" (1812). The First Congress passed the \"first federal law against bribery\" in 1789, which provided that bribed customs officers would be disqualified from office and payors would be liable for the amount of the bribe. The judicial bribery provision of the Crimes Act of 1790, passed the following year, provided for disqualification, and a fine and imprisonment \"at the discretion of the court,\" for both the judge and the payor. The Crimes Act of 1825 added the offenses of extortion under color of office, theft or embezzlement by a Second Bank employee, and coin embezzlement",
"title": "Federal prosecution of public corruption in the United States"
},
{
"id": "9856861",
"text": "a year. In 2003, after James Traficant was expelled from Congress, several Congressmen tried passing a bill that would prevent expelled members from receiving their pensions. The bill was stalled and eventually dropped after being sent to the House Administration and Reforms committee for review. In 2007, the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act was enacted; this act provides that a member of Congress convicted of one or more of a list of enumerated felonies (those relating to corruption, election crimes, or official misconduct) will forfeit his or her pension. Former congressman Ron Paul refused to participate in the congressional",
"title": "Congressional pension"
},
{
"id": "11229303",
"text": "passed bills designed to cut taxes, weaken the Interstate Commerce Commission, reduce the number of employees covered by Social Security, and amend the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (also known as the Wagner Act); all of these bills, except for the revisions to the Wagner Act, were vetoed by Truman in 1947. Upon returning to session in 1948, Congress passed the Revenue Act of 1948, another major tax cut; Truman again vetoed the bill, but this time his veto was overridden by Congress. The Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, also known as the Taft–Hartley Act, was passed in",
"title": "Presidency of Harry S. Truman"
},
{
"id": "16889840",
"text": "be activated only if Congress did not pass deficit reduction legislation. However, the committee did not come to agreement on any plan, activating the sequestration plan. The sequestration was to come into force on January 1, 2013 and was considered part of the fiscal cliff, but the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 delayed it until March 1 of that year. Budget sequestration was first authorized by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (BBEDCA, Title II of Pub. L. 99-177). This is known as the Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Act. They provided for automatic spending cuts (called \"sequesters\") if",
"title": "Budget sequestration"
},
{
"id": "3907463",
"text": "Foreign Corrupt Practices Act The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) (, \"et seq.\") is a United States federal law known primarily for two of its main provisions: one that addresses accounting transparency requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and another concerning bribery of foreign officials. The Act was amended in 1988 and in 1998, and has been subject to continued congressional concerns, namely whether its enforcement discourages U.S. companies from investing abroad. The core aim of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) is to prohibit companies and their individual officers from influencing foreign officials with any",
"title": "Foreign Corrupt Practices Act"
},
{
"id": "13969512",
"text": "concentrate wealth in the hands of the rich (a severe problem which many economists at the time believed was one of the causes of the Great Depression). Wagner defended the bill, arguing that the bill's promotion of codes of fair trade practices would help create progressive standards for wages, hours, and working conditions, and eliminate sweatshops and child labor. The Senate passed the amended legislation 57-to-24 on June 9. A House–Senate conference committee met throughout the evening of June 9 and all day June 10 to reconcile the two versions of the bill, approving a final version on the afternoon",
"title": "National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933"
},
{
"id": "14324390",
"text": "the bill required for each state to benefit equally from the new fund and approve all federal activities within its borders. The compromises weakened the bill and underscore how difficult it was to effect improvements broadly and singly. The bill narrowly (86-84) passed the US House of Representatives on February 8, 1817 and did slightly better (20–15) in the US Senate on February 27. On the last day of his administration, on March 3, 1817, Madison vetoed the bill, fearing that Clay, Calhoun, and their supporters were playing too fast and loose with the Constitution; he felt that Congress did",
"title": "Bonus Bill of 1817"
},
{
"id": "20544082",
"text": "Administration through executive action in June 2012 in response to Congress' failure to pass the DREAM Act. The Trump Administration rescinded DACA in September 2017, setting an expiration date of March 2018, with the stated preference that Congress adopt a legislative solution. As of January 19, 2018, the Extension of Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 (H.R. 195) was under consideration to extend funding through February 16, 2018. The bill passed the House on January 18, but a cloture vote in the Senate failed 50–49, with 60 votes required to end a Democratic-led filibuster, at around 10:45 pm EST, shortly before the",
"title": "United States federal government shutdowns of 2018"
},
{
"id": "660334",
"text": "was passed in 1883 due to a civil service reform movement. Thereafter the spoils system was largely replaced by a nonpartisan merit at the federal level of the United States. The term was derived from the phrase \"to the victor belong the spoils\" by New York Senator William L. Marcy, referring to the victory of Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828, with the term spoils meaning goods or benefits taken from the loser in a competition, election or military victory. Similar spoils systems are common in other nations that traditionally have been based on tribal organization or other kinship",
"title": "Spoils system"
},
{
"id": "9716308",
"text": "reference to the Act and averred that it was completely inconsistent with being entitled to kill slaves. Use of the term \"cruel and unusual punishments\", derived from the English Bill of Rights might have also been influenced by its inclusion in the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution some ten years previously, whose text was well known to English-speaking jurists. Amelioration Act 1798 The Amelioration Act 1798 (sometimes referred to as the Melioration Act or the Slavery Amelioration Act) was a statute passed by the Leeward Islands to improve the conditions of slaves in the British Caribbean colonies. It",
"title": "Amelioration Act 1798"
},
{
"id": "761819",
"text": "(FERF), completed extensive research studies to help support the foundations of the act. The act was approved in the House by a vote of 423 in favor, 3 opposed, and 8 abstaining and in the Senate with a vote of 99 in favor and 1 abstaining. President George W. Bush signed it into law, stating it included \"the most far-reaching reforms of American business practices since the time of Franklin D. Roosevelt. The era of low standards and false profits is over; no boardroom in America is above or beyond the law.\"\" Debates continued as of 2007 over the perceived",
"title": "Sarbanes–Oxley Act"
},
{
"id": "659381",
"text": "Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves The Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves of 1807 (, enacted March 2, 1807) is a United States federal law that stated that no new slaves were permitted to be imported into the United States. It took effect in 1808, the earliest date permitted by the United States Constitution. This legislation was promoted by President Thomas Jefferson, who called for its enactment in his 1806 State of the Union Address. He had promoted the idea since the 1770s. It reflected the force of the general trend toward abolishing the international slave trade which Virginia, followed by",
"title": "Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves"
},
{
"id": "4773705",
"text": "among its provisions was an amendment to PREA. The miscellaneous provisions of what was largely a law designed to help reintegrate criminal offenders into the community, extended the existence of the NPREC from 3 to 5 years after its inception date. The Senate version was introduced nine days later and sponsored by then-Senator Joe Biden (D-DE). The Second Chance Act passed the House 347–62 on November 13, 2007. The bill passed the Senate by unanimous consent on March 11, 2008, and the life of the NPREC was extended when Bush signed the Second Chance Act of 2007 on April 9,",
"title": "Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003"
},
{
"id": "1579644",
"text": "Comstock laws The Comstock Laws were a set of federal acts passed by the United States Congress under the Grant administration along with related state laws. The \"parent\" act (Sect. 211) was passed on March 3, 1873, as the Act for the \"Suppression of Trade in, and Circulation of, Obscene Literature and Articles of Immoral Use\". This Act criminalized usage of the U.S. Postal Service to send any of the following items: A similar federal act (Sect. 245) of 1909 applied to delivery by interstate \"express\" or any other common carrier (such as railroad, instead of delivery by the U.S.",
"title": "Comstock laws"
},
{
"id": "17909129",
"text": "health care program administered by the United States Department of Defense (DOD), including TRICARE, or the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The EXPIRE Act would cost $85 billion. It would extend a variety of tax credits and tax relief measures, including the research and development tax credit. It also includes provisions providing incentives for the wind industry. The Hire More Heroes Act of 2013 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on November 13, 2013 by Rep. Rodney Davis (R, IL-13). It was referred to the United States House Committee on Ways and Means. On March",
"title": "Hire More Heroes Act of 2013"
},
{
"id": "6178401",
"text": "began to weaken the BEA's budget controls when faced with budget surpluses in the late 1990s. Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 The Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 (BEA) (, title XIII; ; codified as amended at scattered sections of 2 U.S.C. & ) was enacted by the United States Congress as title XIII of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, to enforce the deficit reduction accomplished by that law by revising the federal budget control procedures originally enacted by the Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act. The BEA created two new budget control processes: a set of caps on annually-appropriated discretionary",
"title": "Budget Enforcement Act of 1990"
},
{
"id": "13642949",
"text": "7701 \"et seq.\"). The 1957 Act was drafted as two titles defining policy standards for the control, eradication, and regulation of plant pests. Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957 The Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957 (P.L. 85-36) prohibited the movement of pests from a foreign country into or through the United States unless authorized by United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). It was superseded by the Plant Protection Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-224, Title IV). Under the new law, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) retains broad authority to inspect, seize, quarantine, treat, destroy or dispose of",
"title": "Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957"
},
{
"id": "17347411",
"text": "Act of 2013 by 390–3 in Roll Call Vote 161. The Stolen Valor Act of 2013 was received in the United States Senate on May 21, 2013. It passed the Senate by Unanimous consent on May 22, 2013. The bill was signed into law by President Barack Obama on June 3, 2013. Stolen Valor Act of 2013 The Stolen Valor Act of 2013 (; ) is a United States federal law that was passed by the 113th United States Congress. The law amends the federal criminal code to make it a crime for a person to fraudulently claim having received",
"title": "Stolen Valor Act of 2013"
},
{
"id": "2615725",
"text": "Hart–Scott–Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act The Hart–Scott–Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-435, known commonly as the HSR Act) is a set of amendments to the antitrust laws of the United States, principally the Clayton Antitrust Act. The HSR Act was signed into law by president Gerald R. Ford on September 30, 1976. The context in which the HSR Act is usually cited is , title II of the original law. The HSR Act is named after senators Philip A. Hart and Hugh D. Scott, Jr. and representative Peter W. Rodino. The HSR Act provides that parties must not",
"title": "Hart–Scott–Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act"
},
{
"id": "14391657",
"text": "in Congress. Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 The Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 (also called the Balanced Budget Refinement Act or BBRA) is a federal law of the United States, enacted in 1999. The BBRA was first introduced into the House as H.R. 3075 on October 14, 1999 by Rep. William M. Thomas (R-CA) with 75 cosponsors. It was read twice and then referred to the Senate Committee on Finance. The bill was then slightly altered and reintroduced by Thomas as H.R. 3426 on November 17, 1999. After referral to",
"title": "Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999"
},
{
"id": "2435015",
"text": "S. Truman, and passed over his veto. Repeated union efforts to repeal or modify it always failed, and it remains in effect today. The Act was sponsored by Senator Robert A. Taft and Representative Fred Hartley, both Republicans. Congress overrode the veto on June 23, 1947, establishing the act as a law. Truman described the act as a \"slave-labor bill\" in his veto, but after it was enacted over his veto, he used its emergency provisions a number of times to halt strikes and lockouts. The new law required all union officials to sign an affidavit that they were not",
"title": "Labor history of the United States"
},
{
"id": "7837100",
"text": "and the Human Services Amendments of 1994 (Public Law 103-252, 5/19/94). CAPTA was further amended by the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act Amendments of 1996 (P.L. 104-235, 10/3/96), which amended Title I, replaced the Title II Community-Based Family Resource Centers program with a new Community-Based Family Resource and Support Program, and repealed Title III. CAPTA was most recently amended by the Keeping Children and Families Safe Act of 2003 (P.L. 108-36, 6/25/03), which amended Title I and replaced Title II, Community-Based Family Resource and Support Program with Community-Based Grants for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect. CAPTA was",
"title": "Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act"
},
{
"id": "5757261",
"text": "Congress responded on opening day of the December Session. Sen. Lyman Trumbull introduced a bill for confiscation of rebel property and emancipation for their slaves. \"Acrimonious debate on confiscation proved a major preoccupation\" of Congress. On March 13, 1862, Congress directed the armies of the United States to stop enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act. The next month, the Congress abolished slavery in the District of Columbia with compensation for loyal citizens. An additional Confiscation Act in July declared free all slaves held by citizens in rebellion, but it had no practical effect without addressing where the act would take effect,",
"title": "37th United States Congress"
},
{
"id": "2362846",
"text": "and some other Union generals, however, refused to return runaway slaves under the law because the Union and the Confederacy were at war. He confiscated the slaves as contraband of war and set them free, figuring that the loss of workers would also damage the Confederacy. Lincoln allowed Butler to continue his policy, but countermanded broader directives issued by other Union commanders that freed all slaves in places under their control. In August 1861, the U.S. Congress enacted the Confiscation Act, which barred slaveholders from re-enslaving captured runaways. The legislation, sponsored by Lyman Trumbull, was passed on a near-unanimous vote",
"title": "Fugitive Slave Act of 1850"
},
{
"id": "661073",
"text": "Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 (, codified at , ), was a part of United States antitrust law with the goal of adding further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime; the Clayton Act sought to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency. That regime started with the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, the first Federal law outlawing practices considered harmful to consumers (monopolies, cartels, and trusts). The Clayton Act specified particular prohibited conduct, the three-level enforcement scheme, the exemptions, and the remedial measures. Like the Sherman Act, much of the substance of the Clayton",
"title": "Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914"
},
{
"id": "820435",
"text": "Hey!\", \"Eight Days a Week\" (a number one hit single in the US in early 1965), \"What You're Doing\", \"Words of Love\", \"Every Little Thing\" and \"I Don't Want to Spoil the Party\". In turn, it added the track \"I'll Be Back\" from the British release of \"A Hard Day's Night\" and the single \"I Feel Fine\"/\"She's a Woman\". The six omitted tracks finally got an LP release in America on \"Beatles VI\" in 1965. \"Beatles '65\" was released eleven days after \"Beatles for Sale\" and became the fastest-selling album of the year in the United States. The cover of",
"title": "Beatles for Sale"
},
{
"id": "17558257",
"text": "Missing Children's Assistance Reauthorization Act of 2013 The Missing Children's Assistance Reauthorization Act of 2013 () is a bill that was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress. The Missing Children's Assistance Reauthorization Act of 2013 reauthorizes the Missing Children's Assistance Act and authorizes $40 million a year to fund the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. \"This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce, a public domain source.\" As passed by the House, the E. Clay Shaw Jr. Missing",
"title": "Missing Children's Assistance Reauthorization Act of 2013"
},
{
"id": "660262",
"text": "session of Congress. The act was significantly amended on April 5, 1869. Congress repealed the act in its entirety in 1887. While evaluating the constitutionality of a similar law in \"Myers v. United States\", the Supreme Court stated that the Tenure of Office Act was likely invalid. In the post-Civil War political environment, President Andrew Johnson endorsed the quick re-admission of the Southern secessionist states. The two-thirds Republican majorities of both houses of Congress, however, passed laws over Johnson's vetoes, establishing a series of five military districts overseeing newly created state governments. This \"Congressional Reconstruction\" was designed to create local",
"title": "Tenure of Office Act (1867)"
},
{
"id": "4736782",
"text": "51 Votes NOW and WIN. IT'S TIME!\" On December 19–20, 2017 the House and Senate passed a landmark tax reform bill, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, and President Trump signed it into law on December 22. Due to the Byrd rule the individual tax rate cuts and other reforms sunset in 2026. Corporate tax rate cuts and other reforms, such as switching the United States to the territorial system, were made permanent. To trigger the reconciliation process, Congress passes a concurrent resolution on the budget instructing one or more committees to report changes in law affecting the",
"title": "Reconciliation (United States Congress)"
},
{
"id": "660699",
"text": "McKinley Tariff The Tariff Act of 1890, commonly called the McKinley Tariff, was an act of the United States Congress framed by Representative William McKinley that became law on October 1, 1890. The tariff raised the average duty on imports to almost fifty percent, an act designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition. Protectionism, a tactic supported by Republicans, was fiercely debated by politicians and condemned by Democrats. The McKinley Tariff was replaced with the Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act in 1894, which promptly lowered tariff rates. Tariffs, taxes on foreign goods entering a country, served two purposes for the United",
"title": "McKinley Tariff"
},
{
"id": "13431407",
"text": "bill of attainder by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia in 2003. This had no practical effect on Hilary, who was by then 21 and could choose for herself whether or not to see her father. Elizabeth Morgan Act The Elizabeth Morgan Act is an act of the 104th United States Congress. It was originally introduced as , by Rep. Thomas M. Davis. It was passed as part of the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1997 (), . The Elizabeth Morgan Act was declared unconstitutional as a bill of attainder in 2003. In",
"title": "Elizabeth Morgan Act"
},
{
"id": "17728582",
"text": "year. Though versions of the bill passed each house of Congress, the House and Senate were not able to reconcile the bills and pass a compromise measure. The original continuing resolution passed the House on September 20, 2013. When it first passed the House, the bill included provisions that would defund the Affordable Care Act. The Senate refused to adopt the resolution because of those provisions, and amended the bill to remove them before passing it. The House replaced the provisions that would defund the Affordable Care Act. The Senate refused to take up the measure and no continuing resolution",
"title": "Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013"
},
{
"id": "16419754",
"text": "was considered by the Senate and passed by unanimous consent. In the house, S.716 received only 14 seconds before being passed by unanimous consent. STOCK Act The Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge (STOCK) Act () is an Act of Congress designed to combat insider trading. It was signed into law by President Barack Obama on April 4, 2012. The bill prohibits the use of non-public information for private profit, including insider trading by members of Congress and other government employees. It confirms changes to the Commodity Exchange Act, specifies reporting intervals for financial transactions. The bill was introduced by Joe",
"title": "STOCK Act"
},
{
"id": "13969500",
"text": "National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 The National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) was a US labor law and consumer law passed by the US Congress to authorize the President to regulate industry for fair wages and prices that would stimulate economic recovery. It also established a national public works program known as the Public Works Administration (PWA, not to be confused with the WPA of 1935). The National Recovery Administration (NRA) portion was widely hailed in 1933, but by 1934 business' opinion of the act had soured. By March 1934 the \"NRA was engaged chiefly in drawing up",
"title": "National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933"
},
{
"id": "16889841",
"text": "the deficit exceeded a set of fixed deficit targets. The process for determining the amount of the automatic cuts was found unconstitutional in the case of \"Bowsher v. Synar,\" and Congress enacted a reworked version of the law in 1987. Gramm-Rudman failed, however, to prevent large budget deficits. The Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 supplanted the fixed deficit targets. From 1990 until 2002, and again since 2010, Congress has operated under a system called PAYGO, under which any new government spending needs to be offset by savings from (or cuts to) current programs. In the initial PAYGO regimen, enacted in",
"title": "Budget sequestration"
},
{
"id": "2943243",
"text": "for the ultimate benefits of this subsidy are referred to as Assistance Eligible Individuals (or AEIs). Employers subject to Federal COBRA are required to: This Act was signed into law by President Barack Obama on February 17, 2009. On December 19, 2009, President Obama signed into law the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2010, which made several amendments to the COBRA provisions of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA). The Act extends COBRA subsidy eligibility to employees who lost their jobs due to no fault of their own between January 1 and February 28, 2010. The nine-month",
"title": "Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985"
},
{
"id": "9454593",
"text": "problems highlighted by Roosevelt’s failed National Industrial Recovery Act. The NIRA tossed away antitrust laws and suppressed competition by creating monopolies. These policies continued even after the NIRA was declared unconstitutional in 1935. Javits–Wagner–O'Day Act The Javits–Wagner–O'Day Act et seq. is a U.S. federal law requiring that all federal agencies purchase specified supplies and services from nonprofit agencies employing persons who are blind or have other significant disabilities. The Act was passed by the 92nd United States Congress in 1971. The act is named after its sponsor, Senator Jacob K. Javits, and the Wagner–O'Day Act, passed by the 75th United",
"title": "Javits–Wagner–O'Day Act"
},
{
"id": "19188036",
"text": "Every Student Succeeds Act The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is a US law passed in December 2015 that governs the United States K–12 public education policy. The law replaced its predecessor, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), and modified but did not eliminate provisions relating to the periodic standardized tests given to students. Like the No Child Left Behind Act, ESSA is a reauthorization of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act, which established the federal government's expanded role in public education. The Every Student Succeeds Act passed both chambers of Congress with bipartisan support. The bill is",
"title": "Every Student Succeeds Act"
},
{
"id": "7270764",
"text": "Act of Congress is sometimes known as Section 3679 of the Revised Statutes, as amended. The Antideficiency Act has evolved over time in response to various abuses. The earliest version of the legislation was enacted in 1870 (), after the Civil War, to end the executive branch's long history of creating coercive deficiencies. Many agencies, particularly the military, would intentionally run out of money, obligating Congress to provide additional funds to avoid breaching contracts. Some went as far as to spend their entire budget in the first few months of the fiscal year, funding the rest of the year after",
"title": "Antideficiency Act"
},
{
"id": "281641",
"text": "of United States President James A. Garfield by a disappointed office seeker in 1881 proved its dangers. Two years later in 1883, the system of appointments to the United States Federal Bureaucracy was revamped by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, partially based on the British meritocratic civil service that had been established years earlier. The act stipulated that government jobs should be awarded on the basis of merit, through competitive exams, rather than ties to politicians or political affiliation. It also made it illegal to fire or demote government employees for political reasons. To enforce the merit system and",
"title": "Meritocracy"
},
{
"id": "18060189",
"text": "(amended) by the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology on June 5, 2014 alongside Report 113-471 part 1. The House passed the bill on June 9, 2014 in a voice vote. The United States Senate voted with unanimous consent to agree to the House amendments to the bill on June 17, 2014. President Barack Obama signed the bill into law on June 30, 2014. Senator Rob Portman (R-OH), who co-sponsored the bill, supported it by saying that \"this legislation takes critical steps toward protecting Lake Erie and grand Lake St. Marys from harmful algae that has become a tremendous",
"title": "Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Amendments Act of 2013"
},
{
"id": "13173983",
"text": "Fetus Farming Prohibition Act The Fetus Farming Prohibition Act of 2006 () is an Act of the United States Congress that was sponsored by Republican Senators Rick Santorum, Sam Brownback, Richard Burr and Jeff Sessions, and signed by President George W. Bush. It is an amendment to the Public Health Service Act (). This act is a response to the idea that, at some point in the future, a technology might be developed that involved cells or tissues being removed from fetuses and used for fetal tissue implants or stem cell therapy. This proposal is controversial and has been termed",
"title": "Fetus Farming Prohibition Act"
},
{
"id": "13021633",
"text": "Public Law 110-343 Public Law 110-343 () is a US Act of Congress signed into law by U.S. President George W. Bush, which was designed to mitigate the growing financial crisis of the late-2000s by giving relief to so-called \"Troubled Assets.\" Its formal title is \"An Act To provide authority for the Federal Government to purchase and insure certain types of troubled assets for the purposes of providing stability to and preventing disruption in the economy and financial system and protecting taxpayers, to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide incentives for energy production and conservation, to extend",
"title": "Public Law 110-343"
},
{
"id": "7837098",
"text": "Prevention, Adoption and Family Services Act of 1988 (Public Law 100-294). It was further amended by the Child Abuse Prevention Challenge Grants Reauthorization Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-126 and the Drug Free School Amendments of 1989 (Public Law 101-226). The Community-Based Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention Grants was a program that was originally authorized by Sections 402 to 409 of the Continuing Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 1985 (Public Law 98-473). The Child Abuse Prevention Challenge Grants Reauthorization Act of 1989 (Public Law 101-126) transferred the program to the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, as amended. A new Title",
"title": "Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act"
},
{
"id": "17504035",
"text": "Tariff of 1883 (or, by detractors, as the \"Mongrel Tariff\") passed both houses narrowly on March 3, 1883, the last full day of the 47th Congress; Arthur signed the measure into law, but it had no effect on the surplus. Sherman paid greater attention to foreign affairs during the second half of his Senate career, serving as chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations. In 1868, the Senate had ratified the Burlingame Treaty with China, allowing unrestricted immigration from China. After the Panic of 1873, Chinese immigrants were blamed for depressing wages; in reaction, Congress in 1879 passed the Chinese",
"title": "John Sherman"
},
{
"id": "20417178",
"text": "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 The Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018, , is a congressional revenue act originally introduced in Congress as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), that amended the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Major elements of the changes include reducing tax rates for businesses and individuals; a personal tax simplification by increasing the standard deduction and family tax credits, but eliminating personal exemptions and making it less beneficial to itemize deductions; limiting deductions for state and local",
"title": "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017"
},
{
"id": "9428065",
"text": "abolish slavery. Their efforts faced intense opposition from most southern congressman, who blocked any attempt to abolish an institution that was important to their plantation economy. After a contentious debate, congressional leaders put the proposals aside without voting on them, setting a precedent in which Congress generally avoided discussing slavery. Congress passed two acts related to slavery during the Washington administration: the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, which made it a federal crime to assist an escaping slave, and established the legal system by which escaped slaves would be returned to their masters; and the Slave Trade Act of 1794,",
"title": "Presidency of George Washington"
},
{
"id": "11779878",
"text": "the United States Congress Office of Compliance. The Congressional Accountability Act was passed by vote of 98-1 in the Senate and 390-0 in the House. Due to revelations related to Harvey Weinstein's alleged sexual offenses and other sexual victims, the Congress has been criticized for lack of regular civil rights protections for its workers against sexual harassment by Members. Many have advocated for changes in the Congressional Accountability Act in light of these scandals. The act was amended by the passage of the Office of Compliance Administrative and Technical Corrections Act of 2015.(, ) The CAA applies twelve specific laws",
"title": "Congressional Accountability Act of 1995"
},
{
"id": "17911223",
"text": "Child Protection Restoration and Penalties Enhancement Act of 1990 The Child Protection Restoration and Penalties Enhancement Act of 1990 , Title III of the Crime Control Act of 1990, , , is part of a United States Act of Congress which amended in respect to record-keeping requirements as set by the Child Protection and Obscenity Enforcement Act of 1988, also establishing prohibitions. The Act also amended and establishing and increasing penalties for sexual abuse of a minor. Also see Child Protective Services, for global practices and the approach of US. The initial version of 2257 as passed in the 1988",
"title": "Child Protection Restoration and Penalties Enhancement Act of 1990"
},
{
"id": "6178396",
"text": "Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 The Budget Enforcement Act of 1990 (BEA) (, title XIII; ; codified as amended at scattered sections of 2 U.S.C. & ) was enacted by the United States Congress as title XIII of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, to enforce the deficit reduction accomplished by that law by revising the federal budget control procedures originally enacted by the Gramm–Rudman–Hollings Balanced Budget Act. The BEA created two new budget control processes: a set of caps on annually-appropriated discretionary spending, and a \"pay-as-you-go\" or \"PAYGO\" process for entitlements and taxes. The predecessor to the BEA,",
"title": "Budget Enforcement Act of 1990"
},
{
"id": "9681480",
"text": "Confiscation Acts The Confiscation Acts were laws passed by the United States Congress during the Civil War with the intention of freeing the slaves still held by the Confederate forces in the South. The Confiscation Act of 1861 authorized the confiscation of any Confederate property by Union forces (\"property\" included slaves). This meant that all slaves that fought or worked for the Confederate military were confiscated whenever court proceedings \"condemned\" them as property used to support the rebellion. The bill passed in the United States House of Representatives 60-48 and in the Senate 24-11. The act was signed into law",
"title": "Confiscation Acts"
},
{
"id": "5747825",
"text": "VAWA was drafted by the office of Senator Joe Biden (D-DE) and co-written by Democrat Louise Slaughter, the Representative from New York, with support from a broad coalition of advocacy groups. The Act passed through Congress with bipartisan support in 1994, clearing the United States House of Representatives by a vote of 235–195 and the Senate by a vote of 61–38, although the following year House Republicans attempted to cut the Act's funding. In the 2000 Supreme Court case \"United States v. Morrison\", a sharply divided Court struck down the VAWA provision allowing women the right to sue their attackers",
"title": "Violence Against Women Act"
},
{
"id": "14933385",
"text": "the bill failed in a 53-44 vote, when 60 votes were needed. All of the Republicans voted against ending the debate. The bill was introduced into the United States Senate during the 113th United States Congress. On April 9, 2014, it failed an important vote to end debate on the bill. \"This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.\" The Paycheck Fairness Act would amend the portion of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) known as the Equal Pay Act to revise remedies for, enforcement of, and exceptions",
"title": "Paycheck Fairness Act"
},
{
"id": "476269",
"text": "Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-132, 110 Stat. 1214 (also known as AEDPA), is an act of the United States Congress signed into law on April 24, 1996. The bill was introduced by then-Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole and passed with broad bipartisan support by Congress (91-8 in the US Senate, 293-133 in the US House of Representatives) following the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. It was signed into law by President Bill Clinton. Although controversial for its changes",
"title": "Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996"
},
{
"id": "14391655",
"text": "Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 The Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 (also called the Balanced Budget Refinement Act or BBRA) is a federal law of the United States, enacted in 1999. The BBRA was first introduced into the House as H.R. 3075 on October 14, 1999 by Rep. William M. Thomas (R-CA) with 75 cosponsors. It was read twice and then referred to the Senate Committee on Finance. The bill was then slightly altered and reintroduced by Thomas as H.R. 3426 on November 17, 1999. After referral to the House",
"title": "Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999"
},
{
"id": "4773701",
"text": "House and Senate by unanimous consent; it passed the Senate on July 21, 2003, and the House on July 25. The Act was passed by both houses of the U.S. Congress and subsequently signed by President George W. Bush in a White House ceremony on September 4, 2003. The act aimed to curb prison rape through a \"zero-tolerance\" policy, as well as thorough research and information gathering. The act called for developing national standards to prevent incidents of sexual violence in prison. It also made policies more available and obvious. By making data on prison rape more available to the",
"title": "Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003"
},
{
"id": "3400220",
"text": "languished until 10 June 1963, when Congress passed the Equal Pay Act (\"EPA\" or the \"Act\") as an amendment to the Fair Labor Standards Act, to \"prohibit discrimination on account of sex in the payment of wages by employers.\" Congress included within the text of the EPA a clear and concise policy statement and briefly described the problems it was intended to remedy. The clear statement of Congressional intent and policy guiding the EPA’s enactment indicate the Congressional desire to fashion a broad remedial framework to protect employees from wage discrimination on the basis of sex. The Supreme Court has",
"title": "Equal Pay Act of 1963"
},
{
"id": "657894",
"text": "South until the 1960s. Full federal enforcement of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments did not reoccur until after passage of legislation in the mid-1960s as a result of the Civil Rights Movement. For details, see: The Reconstruction Acts as originally passed, were initially called \"An act to provide for the more efficient Government of the Rebel States\" the legislation was enacted by the 39th Congress, on March 2, 1867. It was vetoed by President Johnson, and the veto overridden by two-thirds majority, in both the House and the Senate, the same day. Congress also clarified the scope of the federal",
"title": "Reconstruction era"
},
{
"id": "17579641",
"text": "The Congressional Award Program Reauthorization Act of 2013 would reauthorize the Congressional Award Act by changing the date of the termination of the program, currently October 1, 2013 (found in ), to October 1, 2018, an extension of five years. The Congressional Award was established in 1979 in order to \"recognize initiative, achievement and service in young people.\" \"This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, a public domain source, as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on July 31, 2013.\" S. 1348 would extend authorization for the",
"title": "Congressional Award Program Reauthorization Act of 2013"
},
{
"id": "660333",
"text": "Spoils system In politics and government, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government civil service jobs to its supporters, friends, and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a merit system, where offices are awarded on the basis of some measure of merit, independent of political activity. The term was used particularly in politics of the United States, where the federal government operated on a spoils system until the Pendleton Act",
"title": "Spoils system"
}
] | which congressional act was passed to end the abuses of the spoils system |
[
"October 27, 2017",
"July 15, 2016"
] | [
{
"id": "18697003",
"text": "Stranger Things Stranger Things is an American science fiction-horror web television series created, written, and directed by the Duffer Brothers and released on Netflix. The Duffer Brothers, Shawn Levy, and Dan Cohen serve as executive producers. The first season stars Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Cara Buono, and Matthew Modine, with Noah Schnapp and Joe Keery in recurring roles. For the second season, Schnapp and Keery were made series regulars, along with the additions of Sadie Sink, Dacre Montgomery, Sean Astin, and Paul Reiser; Maya Hawke joined the",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697060",
"text": "12. The first season consisted of eight one-hour-long episodes which were released worldwide on Netflix on July 15, 2016, in Ultra HD 4K. The second season, consisting of nine episodes, was released on October 27, 2017 in HDR. A teaser for the second season, which also announced the release date, aired during Super Bowl LI. The third season will once again consist of eight episodes, and is set to be released in 2019. Regarding the lengthy hiatus between the second and third seasons, Netflix programming executive Cindy Holland noted \"[the Duffer Brothers and Shawn Levy] understand the stakes are high.",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697062",
"text": "viewing by detecting a program's sound. According to Symphony, within the first 35 days of release, \"Stranger Things\" averaged ratings around 14.07 million adults between the ages 18–49 in the United States. This made it the third most-watched season of Netflix original content in the U.S. at the time behind the first season of \"Fuller House\" and fourth season of \"Orange Is the New Black\". In a September 2016 analysis, Netflix found that \"Stranger Things\" \"hooked\" viewers by the second episode of the first season, indicating that the second episode was \"the first installment that led at least 70 percent",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697015",
"text": "Street\" and \"Jaws\", in order to establish the tone of the series. With the critical success of the first season after its release in July 2016, speculation on a possible second season was raised. The Duffer Brothers initially intended for \"Stranger Things\" to either be a standalone miniseries or an anthology series. They also considered the possibility of setting a potential second season (which they referred to as a \"sequel\") in the early 1990s and featuring an older version of the characters, along with all new characters, who are drawn back to Hawkins after supernatural events begin occurring again. However,",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697070",
"text": "sophomore season balances moments of humor and a nostalgic sweetness against a growing horror that's all the more effective thanks to the show's full-bodied characters and evocative tone.\" On Metacritic, the second season has a normalized score of 78 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". The second season has also been recognized by \"Parrot Analytics\" as the most in-demand digital original series of the world in 2017 and is included in the 2019 edition of \"Guinness World Records\". Shortly after its release, \"Stranger Things\" gained a dedicated fanbase. One area of focus from these fans",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "15264954",
"text": "employees and the promotion of controversial \"\". Comedian Sam Hyde, creator and leader of the comedy troop \"Million Dollar\" \"Extreme\", sites Gelman as one of the core influence's behind the show's cancellation. In 2017, Gelman starred in and co-wrote \"Lemon\", opposite Judy Greer, Michael Cera, Nia Long and Gillian Jacobs, directed by Janicza Bravo. It had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2017. In 2017, it was announced that Gelman was cast in the second season of the hit Netflix science-fiction web series \"Stranger Things\" as Murray Bauman, a conspiracy theorist and former journalist. In",
"title": "Brett Gelman"
},
{
"id": "19152892",
"text": "also appeared in Aussie music duo Angus & Julia Stone's music video for their song \"Chateau\". He also appeared in the sequel to the Australian comedy \"A Few Best Men\", titled \"A Few Less Men\". In 2016, Montgomery joined the cast for the second season of the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\". He plays the character of Billy Hargrove. On November 6, 2017, Montgomery joined \"The True History of the Kelly Gang,\" based on the novel of the name, alongside Russell Crowe and Nicholas Hoult. Filming began in 2018. Dacre Montgomery Dacre Montgomery (born November 22, 1994) is an Australian actor,",
"title": "Dacre Montgomery"
},
{
"id": "18697005",
"text": "Brothers developed the series as a mix of investigative drama alongside supernatural elements portrayed with childlike sensibilities. They established its time frame in the 1980s and created a homage to the pop culture of that decade. Several themes and directorial aspects were inspired and aesthetically informed by the works of Steven Spielberg, John Carpenter, and Stephen King, among others, including several films, anime and video games. The first season of eight episodes premiered on Netflix on July 15, 2016. It received critical acclaim for its characterization, pacing, atmosphere, acting, soundtrack, directing, writing, and homages to 1980s genre films. The second",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "19742955",
"text": "in the first season of Netflix science fiction horror web television series \"Stranger Things\". It was reported that according to his contract, Schnapp received US$10,000 per episode in season 1 of \"Stranger Things\" with 5 episodes guaranteed. He was promoted to series regular for the second season of \"Stranger Things\", which premiered on October 27, 2017. Schnapp is set to return in the third season of \"Stranger Things\", expected to be released in 2019. Noah Schnapp Noah Schnapp (born October 3, 2004) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Will Byers in the Netflix science fiction horror",
"title": "Noah Schnapp"
},
{
"id": "18697016",
"text": "following the release of the first season, they realized that the likability of the characters – especially the children – was key to the series' success, and they decided to set the second season in 1984 and focus on the same characters. By the end of July, the Duffer Brothers had outlined a plan for such a season if it was green-lit, and Netflix's CEO Reed Hastings said in early August that the company \"would be dumb not to\" renew \"Stranger Things\" for a second season. On August 31, 2016, Netflix announced it had renewed \"Stranger Things\" for a second",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697017",
"text": "season of nine episodes, to be released in 2017. The Duffer Brothers revealed that the series had been renewed for a second season before the first premiered. Regarding the decision to wait more than a month after the first season premiered to announce the renewal, Matt Duffer said, \"it actually ended up working because it had built up to this fever pitch. I guess that's what [Netflix] were intending to do all the time.\" The Duffer Brothers wrote the second season to make the combined first and second season feel like a complete work, but setting elements in place to",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697004",
"text": "cast for the third season. Set in the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana, in the 1980s, the first season focuses on the investigation into the disappearance of a young boy amid supernatural events occurring around the town, including the appearance of a girl with psychokinetic abilities who helps the missing boy's friends in their own search. The second season, titled \"Stranger Things 2\", is set one year later, and deals with attempts of the characters to return to normality and consequences that linger from the first season. The third season, titled \"Stranger Things 3\", is set in mid-1985. The Duffer",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "20404247",
"text": "version of the soundtrack, sold exclusively by Urban Outfitters, was released on July 14, 2017. The cassette packaging features a cardboard cover that emulates an old VHS sleeves, while the cassette case is made to look like a VHS tape. Both volumes were nominated individually for the Best Score Soundtrack Category for the 2017 Grammy Awards, though neither won. Volume One garnered 14,000 \"equivalent album units\" in the United States in its first week of sale according to Nielsen Soundscan. The soundtrack album for the second season of \"Stranger Things\", titled Stranger Things 2, was released digitally on October 20,",
"title": "Music of Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697085",
"text": "characters to introduce its ARCore technology announced alongside its Pixel 2 phone in October 2017. \"Sesame Street\" created a young audience-appropriate spoof of \"Stranger Things\", called \"Sharing Things\", released in November 2017; it featured Cookie Monster as the \"Cookiegorgon\", Grover as Lucas, Ernie as Dustin, and included several nods to the narrative of the second season. Stranger Things Stranger Things is an American science fiction-horror web television series created, written, and directed by the Duffer Brothers and released on Netflix. The Duffer Brothers, Shawn Levy, and Dan Cohen serve as executive producers. The first season stars Winona Ryder, David Harbour,",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697006",
"text": "season, consisting of nine episodes, was released on October 27, 2017. In December 2017, Netflix ordered a third season, which began production in April 2018 and will consist of eight episodes, and is set to be released in 2019. The Duffer Brothers have said that \"Stranger Things\" is likely to end after its fourth or fifth season. The series has received 31 Emmy Award nominations, including for Outstanding Drama Series, four Golden Globe Award nominations, and won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2016. \"Stranger Things\" is set in the",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697034",
"text": "and subsequent scripts incorporated aspects from these actors. The brothers said Modine provided significant input on the character of Dr. Brenner, whom they had not really fleshed out before as they considered him the hardest character to write for given his limited appearances within the narrative. In October 2016, it was announced that Schnapp and Keery had been promoted to the main cast for the second season, after each recurring in the first season, and that Sadie Sink and Dacre Montgomery would join the main cast as Max and Billy, respectively. Ryder, Harbour, Wolfhard, Brown, Matarazzo, McLaughlin, Dyer and Heaton",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697019",
"text": "The Duffer Brothers felt that the second season should be treated more as a sequel rather than a continuation, and thus have opted to call the second \"Stranger Things 2\". This approach had some trepidation from Netflix, since the company felt movie sequels typically have a bad reputation, but the Duffer Brothers pointed out that there had been many successful sequels that surpassed the original film, and felt confident with this name. Despite revealing episode titles for the season in the announcement teaser in order \"to provide some hint of where we were going in season two without giving anything",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "5043838",
"text": "of the film and walking out of the theater worried about Dory. The film was released in 2016 and was a huge hit critically and financially, becoming the highest grossing animated film of that year. It was also critically received well, with critics calling it \"a worthy successor to Nemo\". On February 10, 2017, it was revealed by \"Entertainment Weekly\" that Stanton was going to direct two episodes of the second season of \"Stranger Things\". Since then Stanton has also directed an episode of Better Call Saul. Stanton was credited as a narrative guru on \"Ralph Breaks the Internet\" helping",
"title": "Andrew Stanton"
},
{
"id": "6688181",
"text": "2016. He played Neil Hargrove in the second season of the American supernatural horror-science fiction web television series, \"Stranger Things\", which premiered on Netflix on October 27, 2017, and currently appears in HBO's drama \"Sharp Objects\" as Bob Nash. Chase has been cast to join Kelli O'Hara in the planned 2019 Broadway revival of \"Kiss Me, Kate\". Chase has two daughters with Lori Chase, to whom he was married from 1998 to 2008 and was married to actress Stephanie Gibson from 2009 until their divorce in 2012. He dated Debra Messing from 2012 to 2014. He is in a relationship",
"title": "Will Chase"
},
{
"id": "18697058",
"text": "on vinyl, in both individual and a boxed set, are set for release in July 2017. A cassette version of the soundtrack, sold exclusively by Urban Outfitters, was released on July 14, 2017. The cassette packaging features a cardboard cover that emulates an old VHS sleeves, while the cassette case is made to look like a VHS tape. Both volumes were nominated individually for the Best Score Soundtrack Category for the 2017 Grammy Awards, though neither won. The soundtrack for the second season of \"Stranger Things\" was released digitally on October 20, 2017. The soundtrack, once again composed by Stein",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697063",
"text": "of viewers who watched that episode to complete the entire first season of a show.\" In August 2017, the marketing analytics firm Jumpshot determined the season was the seventh-most viewed Netflix season in the first 30 days after it premiered, garnering slightly more than 20% of the viewers that the second season of \"Daredevil\" received, which was the most viewed season according to Jumpshot. Jumpshot, which \"analyzes click-stream data from an online panel of more than 100 million consumers\", looked at the viewing behavior and activity of the company's U.S. members, factoring in the relative number of U.S. Netflix viewers",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "7997459",
"text": "he wrote and unsuccessfully submitted for other movies, all done with the combination of literal lyrics and uptempo music of \"Ghostbusters\". In 2014, Nickelodeon parodied the song to promote the premiere of the Bubble Guppies episodes \"Bubble Scrubbies\" and \"Swimtastic Check Up\". In 2016, Neil Cicierega released a remix of the song, called \"Bustin'\", which featured on his album \"Mouth Moods\". The song was featured in the second episode of the second season of the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\" when the main characters dress as the Ghostbusters for Halloween. !scope=\"row\"|Total available sales: For the film's 1989 sequel, \"Ghostbusters II\", a",
"title": "Ghostbusters (song)"
},
{
"id": "18697061",
"text": "They want to deliver something bigger and better than last year. I think it's going to be a fantastic season. It will be worth the wait.\" The first season of \"Stranger Things\" was released on a Blu-ray/DVD combo pack exclusively to Target retailers on October 17, 2017, and the same for the 4K/Blu-ray combo pack on November 15, 2017, both of which includes vintage CBS-FOX VHS-inspired packaging. As Netflix does not reveal subscriber viewership numbers for any of their original series, Symphony Technology Group compiled data for the season based on people using software on their phones that measures television",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "19638792",
"text": "heartbreaking, and sometimes scary, \"Stranger Things\" acts as an addictive homage to Spielberg films and vintage 1980s television.\" On August 31, 2016, Netflix renewed the series for a second season of nine episodes, which were released on October 27, 2017. In December 2017, Netflix renewed the series for a third season of eight episodes, one less than the former season. In March 2018, the Duffer Brothers were accused of verbal abuse on the \"Stranger Things\" set by a grip who worked on the show. The crew member stated on social media that she would not return for Season 3 because",
"title": "The Duffer Brothers"
},
{
"id": "18697082",
"text": "players a clip from the Season 2 premiere episode of the show. The game was downloaded 3 million times in the first week, becoming a top download and receiving critical praise. With the release of season two, an update to the game added Max as a playable character, and a release for the Amazon Fire TV, which included controller support. The game was nominated for \"Mobile Game\" at the 14th British Academy Games Awards. A second mobile game by BonusXP, \"Stranger Things 3: The Game\", was announced during The Game Awards 2018; it will be released as a tie-in for",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697077",
"text": "Globe Award nominations through the second season. The show's cast has received several of these: the show's first season cast won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series, while series leads Ryder, Brown, and Harbour have earned individual awards and nominations. With the release of the second season of the series, Netflix also released \"Beyond Stranger Things\", an aftershow hosted by Jim Rash. The guests of the aftershow are composed of cast and crew from the series, including the Duffer Brothers and the series' stars, to discuss the development and behind-the-scenes production",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "19803318",
"text": "Grimme-Preis award in the category \"fiction\", which singled out the following cast and crew for awards: The actors named are awarded as \"representatives for the full cast\". Dark (TV series) Dark is a science fiction thriller web series co-created by Baran bo Odar and Jantje Friese. It is the first German-language Netflix original series and debuted on Netflix's streaming service on December 1, 2017. The first season received mostly positive reviews from critics. It has been compared and contrasted to another Netflix series \"Stranger Things\". A second season has been approved by Netflix with production to begin in 2018. Children",
"title": "Dark (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18630675",
"text": "\"The OA\" received generally favorable critical reception. The series' directing, visuals and acting were often singled out. Reviews also ranged from highly positive to negative, with several reviewers drawing both favorable and unfavorable comparisons with \"Stranger Things\", another science fiction series that debuted on Netflix earlier that year. On February 8, 2017, Netflix renewed the series for a second season, dubbed \"Part II\". Production started in January 2018 with Brit Marling reprising her lead role as Prairie. The series centers on Prairie Johnson, an adopted young woman who resurfaces after having been missing for seven years. Upon her return, Johnson",
"title": "The OA"
},
{
"id": "18061708",
"text": "21 Laps Entertainment 21 Laps Entertainment is an American film and television production company run by director-producer Shawn Levy. 21 Laps produces content in multiple genres and along with Levy, the company’s leadership includes Dan Levine (President) and Dan Cohen (Senior Vice President). One of the company’s most recent television projects, \"Stranger Things\", premiered on Netflix in July 2016 and achieved tremendous critical acclaim, earning a 95% on Rotten Tomatoes with 55 out of 58 reviews being positive. The show's first season was also one of Netflix's most watched series, averaging 14.07 million adults 18-49 in its first 35 days.",
"title": "21 Laps Entertainment"
},
{
"id": "18697012",
"text": "Netflix in early April 2015. The Duffer Brothers stated that at the time they had pitched to Netflix, the service had already gotten recognized for its original programming, such as \"House of Cards\" and \"Orange Is the New Black\", with well-recognized producers behind them, and were ready to start giving upcoming producers like them a chance. The brothers started to write out the series and brought Levy and Cohen in as executive producers to start casting and filming. The series was originally known as \"Montauk\", as the setting of the script was in Montauk, New York and nearby Long Island",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "7904549",
"text": "number three – where it held for three weeks – on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in early 1984. It also went to number one on the Hot Dance Club Play chart, as well as hitting the top of \"Billboard\"s Album Rock Tracks chart. In Australia, \"Talking in Your Sleep\" climbed to number 14 on the Australian Singles Chart (Kent Music Report) It was featured in the first episode of the second season of the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\", playing on a car radio. The song's music video, widely aired at the time on MTV and elsewhere, featured the band performing",
"title": "Talking in Your Sleep (The Romantics song)"
},
{
"id": "19803312",
"text": "Dark (TV series) Dark is a science fiction thriller web series co-created by Baran bo Odar and Jantje Friese. It is the first German-language Netflix original series and debuted on Netflix's streaming service on December 1, 2017. The first season received mostly positive reviews from critics. It has been compared and contrasted to another Netflix series \"Stranger Things\". A second season has been approved by Netflix with production to begin in 2018. Children start disappearing from the fictional German town of Winden, bringing to light the fractured relationships, double lives, and dark past of four families living there, and revealing",
"title": "Dark (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "1067850",
"text": "movie trailer entitled \"Boobathon\" which appeared on Funny or Die. In March 2014, Astin played a soldier in \"Boys of Abu Ghraib\", a military thriller inspired by the events that made worldwide news in 2004. In June of that year, he began playing the role of Jim Kent on the FX drama \"The Strain\". In October 2015, Astin played Hank Erwin in \"Woodlawn\", a story about how a high school football team overcame its problems through following Jesus. In 2017, Astin played the role of Bob Newby in the season two of the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\". Astin married Christine",
"title": "Sean Astin"
},
{
"id": "18697059",
"text": "and Dixon, consists of 34 songs and was released by Lakeshore Records in the United States and Invada Records internationally. The soundtrack was released on physical formats, such as compact disc, vinyl, and cassette as well. On the soundtrack's composition, Stein and Dixon together said that the score for the season introduces \"new styles of composition, while still revisiting old themes when appropriate ... We've created new elements that are necessary to support the story, but still want to remain true to the sound of Season 1.\" The first track from the soundtrack, \"Walkin' in Hawkins\", was released on October",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "1494369",
"text": "premiered in August 2014, to mixed reviews on release but garnering wide critical acclaim for the following seasons. The science fiction drama \"Sense8\" debuted in June 2015, which was written and produced by The Wachowskis and J. Michael Straczynski \"Bloodline\" and \"Narcos\" were two other drama series that Netflix released in 2015. On November 6, 2015, \"Master of None\" premiered, starring Aziz Ansari. Other comedy shows premiering in 2015 included \"Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt\", \"Grace and Frankie\", \"\", and \"W/ Bob & David\". Netflix continued to dramatically expand their original content in 2016. The science fiction horror \"Stranger Things\" premiered in",
"title": "Netflix"
},
{
"id": "18697008",
"text": "Jim Hopper, search for Will. At the same time, a young psychokinetic girl called Eleven escapes from the laboratory and assists Will's friends, Mike, Dustin, and Lucas, in their own efforts to find Will. The second season is set a year later, starting in October 1984. Will has been rescued, but few know of the details of the events. When it is discovered that Will is still being influenced by entities from the Upside Down, his friends and family learn there is a larger threat to their universe from the Upside Down. The third season is set a year later,",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "20466025",
"text": "2017, the series premiered its first three episodes at the annual Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah. On July 15, 2017, the series held its official west coast premiere at Outfest in Los Angeles, California where the entire series was screened as part of the film festival's centerpiece screening series. On June 26, 2018, the series held its second season premiere at The William Vale hotel in New York City, New York. On July 19, 2018, the west coast premiere of the second season is scheduled to be held during Outfest in Los Angeles, California. The first two episodes",
"title": "Strangers (2017 TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18697018",
"text": "go forward with additional seasons if they are green-lit. While most of the story for the second season had been decided before the first season aired, the Duffer Brothers took in the audience reactions from the first season to adjust some of the details within the second season. They knew they would not have the same element of audience surprise as when the show aired anew, and were aware fans wanted to see certain elements, but Ross said \"...the point is not to give everyone what they think they want. Because I don't think they really know what they want.\"",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "5510996",
"text": "commercially successful single, which Elfman later regretted, as he believed it \"just didn't feel like it was really a part of [the band's] repertoire.\" \"Just Another Day\" was featured as the opening theme for the 1985 film \"That Was Then... This Is Now\". It also appears in season 2, episode 1 of the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\" where it underscores Hopper's introduction scene, though somewhat anachronistically, as the episode takes place on October 28, 1984, a full year before the actual release date of the \"Dead Man's Party\" album. The title track appears in the 1986 film \"Back to School\",",
"title": "Dead Man's Party (album)"
},
{
"id": "19760787",
"text": "Jonathan, but later sent in a tape for his character, Steve. He was promoted from recurring cast to a series regular for the second season of \"Stranger Things\", which premiered on October 27, 2017. Aside from acting, Keery is also a musician. He is one of the guitarists for Chicago-based garage and psych-rock band Post Animal. Their debut full-length album was released in October 2015. Previously, Keery released music under the name \"Cool Cool Cool\". Joe Keery Joseph David Keery (born April 24, 1992) is an American actor and musician. He is best known for portraying Steve Harrington in the",
"title": "Joe Keery"
},
{
"id": "5043830",
"text": "Story\" (1995), and for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for \"Toy Story 3\" (2010). Stanton also directed the sequel to \"Finding Nemo\", \"Finding Dory\", which was released in June 2016, two episodes of the series \"Stranger Things\" in 2017, and an episode of the series \"Better Call Saul\" in 2018. Stanton was born in Rockport, Massachusetts. Stanton is a professed Christian. He was one of several CalArts graduates hired by John Kricfalusi to work on \"\" at Ralph Bakshi's studio. He was hired by Pixar's animation group in January 1990 studio as its second animator and ninth employee.",
"title": "Andrew Stanton"
},
{
"id": "18697011",
"text": "centered around children as leading characters would not work, asking them to make it a children's show or to drop the children and focus on Hopper's investigation in the paranormal. In early 2015, Dan Cohen, the VP of 21 Laps Entertainment, brought the script to his colleague Shawn Levy. They subsequently invited the Duffer Brothers to their office and purchased the rights for the series, giving full authorship of it to the brothers. After reading the pilot, the streaming service Netflix purchased the whole season for an undisclosed amount; the show was subsequently announced for a planned 2016 release by",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "765789",
"text": "Butler\". Since reforming in 2001, the band continued to tour worldwide. The current Psychedelic Furs touring line-up includes Richard Butler, Tim Butler, Garisto, Williams, Amanda Kramer and Rich Good. In 2017, the band's 1984 single \"The Ghost in You\" was featured in the second season of Netflix hit series \"Stranger Things\", and was included on the Sony Music soundtrack companion to the season, \"\", released in October 2017. That same year, the band's 1982 single \"Love My Way\" was played several times in the Oscar-nominated film \"Call Me By Your Name\". The Psychedelic Furs The Psychedelic Furs are an English",
"title": "The Psychedelic Furs"
},
{
"id": "18697069",
"text": "old story being marketed as homage and good, clean nostalgia, one has to wonder whether or not studios and content creators like the Duffer Brothers ever ask themselves whether or not the story they are telling is the one that should be told. What purpose does Stranger Things serve beyond reinforcing the status quo in the media landscape and perpetuating the dangerous delusion that things were better way back when?\" On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season has an approval rating of 94% based on 139 reviews, and an average rating of 7.8/10. The site's critical consensus states, \"\"Stranger Things\" slow-building",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "10016221",
"text": "the final scene of the 2018 documentary film \"Chosen Men\". The song was used in the second episode of the first season of the British TV series \"Misfits\". The song was used in the fourth episode of the first season of the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\". The song was used in the final scene of the 2016 Australian film \"Hounds of Love\". The song was used in the 2016 American film \"Gold\". All songs written and composed by Joy Division (Ian Curtis, Peter Hook, Stephen Morris and Bernard Sumner). Atmosphere (Joy Division song) \"Atmosphere\" is a song by English post-punk",
"title": "Atmosphere (Joy Division song)"
},
{
"id": "18697046",
"text": "Pixar's \"Finding Nemo\" and \"WALL-E\", directed the fifth and sixth episodes of the second season. Levy stated that Stanton was a big fan of the show and called up Levy, offering his directorial abilities for the show. Rebecca Thomas directed the seventh episode of the season. Unlike the first season, which they were able to film without any real security issues, the heightened awareness of the show required the producers to take significant steps to keep the show's production in secret while filming the second season. They spoke to the production team of HBO's \"Game of Thrones\" for tips and",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697045",
"text": "digital image processing. Ives said that these cameras allow them to create an adaptable quality to the recorded film that is adaptable to a wide range of viewing experiences, including support for newer and future television technologies such as high dynamic range video that was just becoming adopted at the time of filming. Filming for the second season began on November 7, 2016, once again in and around the Atlanta Metro area. While parts of Season 2 were set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, these were actually filmed in downtown Atlanta, with skylines of Pittsburgh added in post-production. Andrew Stanton, director of",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "17227516",
"text": "Karl Gajdusek Karl Gajdusek is an American screenwriter, producer, and playwright. Karl Gajdusek was born in 1968 in San Francisco, California, United States. He was the showrunner for the first season of the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\" and the co-creator of the TV series \"Last Resort\" with Shawn Ryan. They were both also executive producers for the series. Gajdusek also wrote for the series \"Dead Like Me\" and wrote the film \"Trespass\" (2011). He co-wrote the screenplay for the 2013 Tom Cruise movie, \"Oblivion\". and \"November Man\", which was released in 2014. Gajdusek's first professional break came through an option",
"title": "Karl Gajdusek"
},
{
"id": "18697072",
"text": "characters, particularly Nancy, in the series. Hashtags such as \"#ImWithBarb\" and \"#JusticeforBarb\" grew in popularity after the series' release, and several fan sites and forums were created to support her. While Purser did not return for the second season, the Duffer Brothers used the real-life \"Justice for Barb\" movement as inspiration for narrative at the start of the second season, with Nancy addressing the fact \"that no one ever cares about\" Barb. Purser and several media outlets took her nomination as Barb for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards as achieving \"Justice for",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18061709",
"text": "Along with producing the series, Levy directed two of the premiere season’s episodes; a third season has recently been announced. 21 Laps Entertainment 21 Laps Entertainment is an American film and television production company run by director-producer Shawn Levy. 21 Laps produces content in multiple genres and along with Levy, the company’s leadership includes Dan Levine (President) and Dan Cohen (Senior Vice President). One of the company’s most recent television projects, \"Stranger Things\", premiered on Netflix in July 2016 and achieved tremendous critical acclaim, earning a 95% on Rotten Tomatoes with 55 out of 58 reviews being positive. The show's",
"title": "21 Laps Entertainment"
},
{
"id": "17980647",
"text": "Sister\", of the second season of the Netflix series, \"Stranger Things\". In August 2017, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" reported that Thomas had signed on to direct the film adaptation of James Wan graphic novel \"Malignant Man\", and the title of the project was confirmed to be \"Malignant\". Rebecca Thomas Rebecca Lou Thomas (born December 10, 1984) is an American filmmaker and television director, best known for writing and directing the film \"Electrick Children\" and directing the episode \"Chapter Seven: The Lost Sister\" of the television series \"Stranger Things\". Thomas was raised as a mainstream Mormon in Las Vegas; she served in",
"title": "Rebecca Thomas"
},
{
"id": "4442315",
"text": "from Rooster Teeth Productions. It is preceded by \"Red vs. Blue: The Blood Gulch Chronicles\" and followed by \"PANICS\". The series is a parody of popular culture, namely television shows such as \"Desperate Housewives\", \"Lost\", \"24\", and \"American Idol\". The episodes are released online at the Rooster Teeth and official \"The Sims 2\" websites, and a DVD of the first season was released on May 5, 2006, available from GameStop stores in the United States and online worldwide. The second season was a stretch goal for the Lazer Team's indiegogo crowdfunding campaign. Season two consists of four episodes and was",
"title": "The Strangerhood"
},
{
"id": "8363319",
"text": "Cara Buono Cara Buono is an American actress. Her roles include Dr. Faye Miller in the fourth season of the AMC drama series \"Mad Men\", Kelli Moltisanti in the sixth season of \"The Sopranos\", Linda Salvo in the 2006 comedy \"Artie Lange's Beer League\", and Karen Wheeler in the 2016 horror sci-fi Netflix original series \"Stranger Things\". She has appeared in such films as \"Hulk\" (2003) and \"Let Me In\" (2010). Buono was born and raised in The Bronx, New York City, New York, in a blue-collar family with two brothers and a sister. She is of Italian descent. Buono",
"title": "Cara Buono"
},
{
"id": "20404251",
"text": "had a digital release on October 5, 2018, via Lakeshore and Invada Records. The music on the album was produced by the series' longtime composers Kyle Dixon and Michael Stein of the electronic band Survive, and was previously available only as bonus tracks for the iTunes edition of \"Stranger Things 2\". The album was also released physically as a CD and as a vinyl record with several different pressings, with one of them being an exclusive limited run for Record Store Day's annual Black Friday event. Music of Stranger Things The \"Stranger Things\" original soundtracks are composed by Michael Stein",
"title": "Music of Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "4824292",
"text": "Night Live\", from the 1988 television special on Cinemax. Side one Side two This song has been used in several motion pictures including: Jacques Cousteau included an abridged version of the song during a \"River Explorations\" episode which details environmental changes on the Mississippi River. This song has also been used in the Netflix digital series, Stranger Things (Season 2, Episode 6). Linda Ronstadt took the song to number 3 on the \"Billboard Hot 100\" in late 1977, where it held for three weeks, as well as number 2 Country and number 3 Easy Listening. It also reached number 2,",
"title": "Blue Bayou"
},
{
"id": "19004754",
"text": "co-starring Naomi Watts and Oliver Platt, and directed by Farren Blackburn. Heaton also plays Jonathan Byers in the Netflix supernatural drama series \"Stranger Things\". In May 2017, Heaton was cast to star as Samuel \"Sam\" Guthrie / Cannonball in \"New Mutants\", a 2019 film based on the Marvel Comics comic book of the same name. On 21 October 2017, Heaton was denied access into the United States due to customs finding traces of cocaine, which caused him to miss the premiere of \"Stranger Things 2\". Heaton was put on a plane back to London and had to withdraw his application",
"title": "Charlie Heaton"
},
{
"id": "20404250",
"text": "from the Netflix Original Series is the non-original composition soundtrack companion to the second season of \"Stranger Things\". The album, which interlaces popular eighties songs with sound bytes from the first and second seasons, was released on October 27, 2017 by Legacy Recordings to coincide with the release of the second season. On December 7, 2018, it was announced that the album had been nominated in the Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media category at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards. An supplemental soundtrack album with unreleased cues from the second season, titled Stranger Things: Halloween Sounds from the Upside Down,",
"title": "Music of Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697032",
"text": "role, Gaten Matarazzo as Dustin, Caleb McLaughlin as Lucas, Natalia Dyer as Nancy, and Charlie Heaton as Jonathan. In September 2015, Cara Buono joined the cast as Karen, followed by Matthew Modine as Martin Brenner a month later. Additional cast who recur for the first season include Noah Schnapp as Will, Shannon Purser as Barbara \"Barb\" Holland, Joe Keery as Steve Harrington, and Ross Partridge as Lonnie, among others. Actors auditioning for the children roles read lines from \"Stand By Me\". The Duffer Brothers estimated they went through about a thousand different child actors for the roles. They noted that",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697039",
"text": "in and around the Atlanta, Georgia area. The brothers, who grew up in North Carolina, found many places that reminded them of their own childhoods in that area, and felt the area would work well with the narrative shift to the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana. The filming of the first season began in November 2015 and was extensively done in Atlanta, Georgia, with the Duffer Brothers and Levy handling the direction of individual episodes. Jackson served as the basis of the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana. Other shooting locations included the Georgia Mental Health Institute as the Hawkins National",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "20404246",
"text": "of amateur musicians have posted cover versions to YouTube. The song also won the award for Outstanding Main Title Theme Music at the 69th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards. \"Stranger Things\" original soundtrack, consisting of 75 songs from Dixon and Stein split across two volumes, was released by Lakeshore Records. Digital release and streaming options were released on August 10 and 19, 2016 for the two volumes, respectively, while retail versions were available on September 16 and 23, 2016. Limited editions of the soundtrack on vinyl, in both individual and a boxed set, were released in July 2017. A cassette",
"title": "Music of Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "19788106",
"text": "also have her seem a little scary.\" Originally, \"Stranger Things\" was pitched as a limited series, and it was planned that Eleven would sacrifice herself in the last episode of the series. However, Netflix were keen for the show to be continued in a second season, and so the brothers decided to keep the character alive. Of all the roles on the show, the brothers felt it was most difficult to cast Eleven. As the character had few lines, they wanted a child actor that was able to convey lots of emotion. The Duffers were concerned that they would not",
"title": "Eleven (Stranger Things)"
},
{
"id": "18697009",
"text": "in mid-1985, in the midst of the popularity of the film \"Back to the Future\". Mike and Eleven have developed a relationship, as have Max and Lucas. \"Stranger Things\" was created by Matt and Ross Duffer, known professionally as the Duffer Brothers. The two had completed writing and producing their 2015 film \"Hidden\", which they had tried to emulate the style of M. Night Shyamalan, however, due to changes at Warner Bros., its distributor, the film did not see a wide release and the Duffer Brothers were unsure of their future. To their surprise, television producer Donald De Line approached",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697048",
"text": "while upgrading to the Red Weapon 8K S35 camera. The second season concluded filming on June 2, 2017. Filming for the third season officially began on April 23, 2018. Parts of filming in May 2018 were done at a re-dressed Gwinnett Place Mall near Duluth, Georgia to appear as the fictional \"Starcourt Mall\" in Hawkins, including recreating several 80s-era storefronts such as The Gap, Waldenbooks, and RadioShack within it. The third season concluded filming on November 12, 2018. To create the aged effect for the series, a film grain was added over the footage, which was captured by scanning in",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "3200861",
"text": "the United Kingdom (in both cases, only the first season was shown) and the Seven Network in Australia. In Canada, the show was seen on the W Network until late 2007, then returned to the network in September 2008, albeit in a 3 a.m. time slot. Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment (formerly Buena Vista Home Entertainment) released Season 1 on November 5, 2002, mere months after the series finale. However, it took three more years and numerous petition drives for season two to be released, which occurred on August 23, 2005. A little over a month later, on September 30,",
"title": "Once and Again"
},
{
"id": "4414100",
"text": "reality television. The game's publisher Electronic Arts allowed them to continue with the project. The result was \"The Strangerhood\", a comedy series that centers on eight strangers who awake one day unaware of where they are or how they arrived there. Its first season of 17 episodes completed on April 27, 2006. In 2005, the group collaborated with Paul Marino on \"Strangerhood Studios\", a spin-off commissioned by the Independent Film Channel. This spin-off was the first machinima series to be commissioned for broadcast and won an award for Best Editing at the 2005 Machinima Film Festival. The second season premiered",
"title": "Rooster Teeth"
},
{
"id": "2852549",
"text": "Kickstarter campaign online. In 2014, he co-starred with Olivia Williams, Richard Dillane, and Steve Oram in the horror mystery film \"Altar\". In 2016, Modine played Dr. Martin Brenner in the Netflix original series \"Stranger Things\". In 2017, Matthew Modine was featured in the music video for \"1-800-273-8255\", a song by American hip hop artist Logic. Modine was part of \"Speed Kills\" released in November 2018 as well as several upcoming films such as \"Foster Boy\", \"Miss Virginia\", and \"The Martini Shot\". Modine appeared in Arthur Miller's \"Finishing the Picture\" at Chicago's Goodman Theatre, in Miller's \"Resurrection Blues\" at London's Old",
"title": "Matthew Modine"
},
{
"id": "12174847",
"text": "the decision to finish the main storyline were praised, the formulaic structure of the episodes was criticized. The season was internationally syndicated, airing in the United Kingdom on ITV, in Canada on Citytv and SPACE, and in Australia on Network Ten. It was released on DVD as a six-disc box set September 11, 2007, by Warner Home Video in Region 1. Although the season was split into two separate releases in Region 2, the complete set was released on October 29, 2007, and in Region 4 on October 3, 2007. The episodes are also available through digital retailers such as",
"title": "Supernatural (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "12174846",
"text": "use their father's journal to help them carry on the family business—saving people and hunting supernatural creatures. The season aired on Thursdays at 9:00 pm ET in the United States, and was the first season to air on The CW television network, a joint venture of The WB and UPN. The previous season was broadcast on The WB. It averaged only about 3.14 million American viewers, and was in danger of not being renewed. The cast and crew garnered many award nominations, but the episodes received mixed reviews from critics. While both the brotherly chemistry between the lead actors and",
"title": "Supernatural (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "459826",
"text": "Endicott, played by Michael Cera. She has also appeared in the American miniseries \"Show Me a Hero\", playing the president of the Yonkers City Council, and the British television film \"Turks & Caicos\". In 2015, she starred alongside Peter Sarsgaard in the biographical drama film \"Experimenter\", playing the wife of Stanley Milgram. \"Experimenter\" was released to positive reviews in October 2015. Aside from acting, she was also announced as the face of Marc Jacobs. Since 2016, Ryder has starred in the Netflix science fiction-horror series \"Stranger Things\", created by The Duffer Brothers and released to stream online on July 15,",
"title": "Winona Ryder"
},
{
"id": "19041269",
"text": "Whilce Portacio, also known as the creator of Bishop of \"Uncanny X-Men\". Over 40,000 people attended the event. The 2017 convention took place on August 25 to 27 at SMX Convention Center, Pasay City. Marvel once again hosted \"Hall M\" which featured never before scenes from upcoming video games, television series and movies such as \"\" and \"Ant-Man and the Wasp\". Netflix brought some of its Stranger Things' casts namely Joe Keery and Noah Schnapp, who play Steve Harrington and Will Byers, and season two newcomers Dacre Montgomery, who plays Billy and Sadie Sink who plays Max. Ray Fisher who",
"title": "Asia Pop Comic Convention"
},
{
"id": "18697028",
"text": "that could be explored in further seasons if Netflix opted to create more. Regarding writing for the children characters of the series, the Duffer Brothers considered themselves as outcasts from other students while in high school and thus found it easy to write for Mike and his friends, and particularly for Barb. Joyce was fashioned after Richard Dreyfuss' character Roy Neary in \"Close Encounters of the Third Kind\", as she appears \"absolutely bonkers\" to everyone else as she tries to find Will. Other characters, such as Billy in the second season, have more villainous attributes that are not necessarily obvious",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "20404248",
"text": "2017, via Lakeshore and Invada Records. The soundtrack was composed by Kyle Dixon and Michael Stein of the electronic band Survive. The soundtrack is intended to be released on physical formats, such as compact disc, vinyl, and cassette. On the soundtrack's composition, Dixon and Stein together said that the score for the season introduces \"new styles of composition, while still revisiting old themes when appropriate ... We've created new elements that are necessary to support the story, but still want to remain true to the sound of Season 1.\" The first track from the soundtrack, \"Walkin' in Hawkins\", was released",
"title": "Music of Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "17227523",
"text": "Playwright's Center in Minneapolis. After finishing the play \"Greedy\" for Manhattan theater company Clubbed Thumb, Gajdusek temporarily stopped writing plays to focus on writing for the screen. Karl Gajdusek Karl Gajdusek is an American screenwriter, producer, and playwright. Karl Gajdusek was born in 1968 in San Francisco, California, United States. He was the showrunner for the first season of the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\" and the co-creator of the TV series \"Last Resort\" with Shawn Ryan. They were both also executive producers for the series. Gajdusek also wrote for the series \"Dead Like Me\" and wrote the film \"Trespass\" (2011).",
"title": "Karl Gajdusek"
},
{
"id": "12242620",
"text": "others praised the show for the emotional moments and noted the brotherly chemistry between the lead actors. The season was internationally syndicated, airing in the United Kingdom on ITV, in Canada on Citytv, and in Australia on Network Ten. The first season was released on DVD as a six-disc box set on September 5, 2006, by Warner Home Video in Region 1. Although the season was split into two separate releases in Region 2, the complete set was released on October 2, 2006, and in Region 4 on October 2, 2007. The episodes are also available through digital retailers such",
"title": "Supernatural (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "15451024",
"text": "on December 21, 2011. The second season premiered on October 17, 2012, and concluded on January 23, 2013. The third season premiered on October 9, 2013, and concluded on January 29, 2014. The fourth season premiered on October 8, 2014, and concluded on January 21, 2015. The fifth season premiered on October 7, 2015, and concluded on January 13, 2016. The sixth season premiered on September 14, 2016, and concluded on November 16, 2016. The seventh season premiered on September 5, 2017, and concluded on November 14, 2017. The eighth season premiered on September 12, 2018 and concluded on November",
"title": "American Horror Story"
},
{
"id": "413336",
"text": "would later appear on their 2003 compilation album \"Play It Again Sham!\". Their song \"Walk Like an Egyptian\" was used as the first ending theme of 2014 anime \"\". The song \"Eternal Flame\" was used in season 9 episode 17 of \"How I Met Your Mother\". In 2016, their version of the song \"Hazy Shade Of Winter\" became part of Netflix's TV Show \"Stranger Things\" soundtrack. ! Year !! Awards !! Work !! Category !! Result Current members Timeline The Bangles The Bangles are an American pop rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1981. They scored several hit singles",
"title": "The Bangles"
},
{
"id": "20466024",
"text": "acquired by Facebook Watch and that it would premiere with the launch of the service in late 2017. On October 17, 2017, it was reported that Facebook had renewed the series for a second season consisting of ten episodes to premiere in 2018. The runtime of each episode was expected to expand from 15 minutes in length to a more standard TV half-hour (between 20 minutes and 25 minutes). Principal photography for season two of the series was expected to begin in late March 2018. On January 20, 2017, a trailer for the first season was released. On January 22,",
"title": "Strangers (2017 TV series)"
},
{
"id": "1067837",
"text": "Sean Astin Sean Patrick Astin (né Duke; born February 25, 1971) is an American actor, voice actor, director and producer. His notable acting roles include Samwise Gamgee in \"The Lord of the Rings\" trilogy (2001–2003), Mikey Walsh in \"The Goonies\" (1985), Daniel \"Rudy\" Ruettiger in \"Rudy\" (1993), and Bob Newby in the second season of \"Stranger Things\" (2017). Astin was born in Santa Monica, California, the son of actress Patty Duke (1946–2016). At the time, it was erroneously reported that entertainer Desi Arnaz Jr. was his biological father. When Michael Tell, a writer, music promoter and publisher of the newspaper",
"title": "Sean Astin"
},
{
"id": "90218",
"text": "More\", which explores the cutthroat world of premium auction houses. Elwes plays Arthur Davenport, a shrewd and eccentric world-class collector of illegal art and antiquities. The series debuted on 19 November and has been picked up for a second season. In April 2018 Elwes was cast as Mayor Kline for the third season of the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\" which is set to première in 2019. Elwes' voice-over work includes the narrator in James Patterson's audiobook \"The Jester\", as well as characters in film and television animations such as \"Quest for Camelot\", \"Pinky and The Brain\", \"Batman Beyond\", and the",
"title": "Cary Elwes"
},
{
"id": "18697064",
"text": "who watched at least one episode of the season. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season an approval rating of 96% based on 82 reviews, and a weighted average rating of 8.04/10. The site's critical consensus states, \"Exciting, heartbreaking, and sometimes scary, \"Stranger Things\" acts as an addictive homage to Spielberg films and vintage 1980s television.\" Review aggregator Metacritic gave the first season a normalized score of 76 out of 100 based on 34 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". IGN gave the score of 8 out of 10 and called the series \"Great\", saying \"\"Stranger Things\" is an easy",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "20466023",
"text": "you’re in between everything?\" On May 2, 2016, Refinery29 announced during its Digital Content NewFronts presentation that they were producing the series in association with Beachside Productions. The series was expected to be written and directed by Mia Lidofsky and executive produced by Jesse Peretz. Following the series debut at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2017, Lidofsky continued to try and figure out how to get the show launched and distributed. That spring, Facebook became aware of the series and soon acquired its already produced first season. On June 26, 2017, it was announced that the series had been",
"title": "Strangers (2017 TV series)"
},
{
"id": "20970054",
"text": "20, 2017. A fourth season aired on January 15, 2018. Strange Inheritance Strange Inheritance is an American television docu-series which airs on Fox Business Network. The series examines unusual inheritances and the stories behind them. The series is produced by Towers Productions and hosted by Jamie Colby and premiered on 26 January 2015. The back-to-back premiere of the first two episodes of the series was the highest rating launch in the channel's history at the time, with 289,000 and 315,000 viewers respectively. The first season debuted on January 26, 2015. The series was renewed for a second season which began",
"title": "Strange Inheritance"
},
{
"id": "18697026",
"text": "several video games including \"Silent Hill\", \"Dark Souls\" and \"The Last of Us\". The Duffer Brothers also believe that they may have brought influences from other works unintentionally, including \"Beyond the Black Rainbow\" and \"D.A.R.Y.L.\", discovered by reviewing fan feedback on the show. Several websites and publications have found other pop culture references in the show, particularly references to 1980s pop culture. With Netflix as the platform, the Duffer Brothers were not limited to a typical 22-episode format, opting for the eight-episode approach. They had been concerned that a 22-episode season on broadcast television would be difficult to \"tell a",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "6165704",
"text": "released digitally, and to subLicense vinyl, compact disc and audio cassette rights to other labels, notably Drastic Plastic (USA) and Radiation Records (Italy). More recently, the label entered into a licensing agreement with Netflix for use of its extensive back catalog. \"Stranger Things 2\" has used music by Posh Boy acts Channel 3 and Ill Repute. Channel 3 were also featured in the inaugural season of \"White Famous\" on Showtime. The label's most recent signing is Scottish band The Moon Kids. Posh Boy Records Posh Boy Records was a Hollywood, California-based record label owned by the American-born, British-educated Robbie \"Posh",
"title": "Posh Boy Records"
},
{
"id": "6888714",
"text": "pedestrian and bicycle improvements. The former granite quarry, which closed in 2007, was a popular hang-out spot for local teens. The site was used as a location for the filming of the AMC's series The Walking Dead in summer 2010. It was also used as a filming location in season four episode 14 of \"The Vampire Diaries\", a scene in Mockingjay Part 1, as well as the final scene of The Fundamentals of Caring. Most recently, (2016) it serves a significant role and is featured prominently in several episodes of the highly acclaimed Netflix series \"Stranger Things\". During construction of",
"title": "Westside Reservoir Park"
},
{
"id": "18697023",
"text": "have greenlit the third season, consisting of eight episodes. Levy also confirmed that a fourth season was \"definitely happening\" and that there was potential for a fifth season. A year later, the episode titles for season three were revealed, along with confirming the season would be name \"Stranger Things 3\", similarly to the second season. The idea of \"Stranger Things\" started with how the brothers felt they could take the concept of the 2013 film \"Prisoners\", detailing the moral struggles a father goes through when his daughter is kidnapped, and expand it out over eight or so hours in a",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "10306409",
"text": "David Harbour David Kenneth Harbour (born April 10, 1975) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Jim Hopper in the Netflix science fiction horror series \"Stranger Things\" (2016–present), which has earned him a Critics' Choice Television Award in 2018. He has also received Primetime Emmy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for the role. Harbour was born in White Plains, New York to parents Kenneth and Nancy (née Riley) Harbour. Both of his parents work in real estate, his mother in residential and his father in commercial. He attended Byram Hills High School in Armonk,",
"title": "David Harbour"
},
{
"id": "18697057",
"text": "as excerpts from Tangerine Dream, John Carpenter, and Vangelis. In particular, The Clash's \"Should I Stay or Should I Go\" was specifically picked to play at pivotal moments of the story, such as when Will is trying to communicate with Joyce from the Upside Down. \"Stranger Things\" original soundtrack, consisting of 75 songs from Stein and Dixon split across two volumes, was released by Lakeshore Records. Digital release and streaming options were released on August 10 and 19, 2016 for the two volumes, respectively, while retail versions were available on September 16 and 23, 2016. Limited editions of the soundtrack",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "17753864",
"text": "Hinson's songs for \"There Came an Echo\" was reused as thematic music in the second season of Netflix original TV series \"Stranger Things\". Big Giant Circles Jimmy Hinson, also known as Big Giant Circles, is an American musician and composer in the video games industry. Originally adopting the name as a hobbyist submitting video game music remixes/rearrangements to OverClocked ReMix, Hinson now actively composes video game soundtracks. He has contributed to the soundtracks of \"Borderlands 2\", \"Threes!\", \"There Came an Echo\", \"Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix,\" \"\" and \"Mass Effect 2\". Hinson is credited with his work on",
"title": "Big Giant Circles"
},
{
"id": "18697007",
"text": "fictional rural town of Hawkins, Indiana, during the early 1980s. The nearby Hawkins National Laboratory ostensibly performs scientific research for the United States Department of Energy, but secretly does experiments into the paranormal and supernatural, including those that involve human test subjects. Inadvertently, they have created a portal to an alternate dimension called \"the Upside Down\". The influence of the Upside Down starts to affect the unknowing residents of Hawkins in calamitous ways. The first season begins in November 1983, when Will Byers is abducted by a creature from the Upside Down. His mother, Joyce, and the town's police chief,",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "19803316",
"text": "TV series \"Twin Peaks\" and the 2016 Netflix series \"Stranger Things\". It has a score of 87% on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 7 out of 10 based on 38 critics. The series was praised for its tone, the complexity of its narrative, and its pacing. Many claimed that it was darker and more in depth than \"Stranger Things\", and far more evocative of the tone of \"Twin Peaks\". However, there was some criticism of its heavy-handed approach to its message, the lack of sympathetic characters, and the unoriginality of certain aspects of the series. The series was",
"title": "Dark (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "20970053",
"text": "Strange Inheritance Strange Inheritance is an American television docu-series which airs on Fox Business Network. The series examines unusual inheritances and the stories behind them. The series is produced by Towers Productions and hosted by Jamie Colby and premiered on 26 January 2015. The back-to-back premiere of the first two episodes of the series was the highest rating launch in the channel's history at the time, with 289,000 and 315,000 viewers respectively. The first season debuted on January 26, 2015. The series was renewed for a second season which began on November 11, 2015. A third season premiered on January",
"title": "Strange Inheritance"
},
{
"id": "7028702",
"text": "Remixes\", featuring a swathe of newly commissioned re-constructions of the song by Tall Paul and Tin Tin Out. A couple of these mixes were included on the 1998 UK release of the single \"Electric Barbarella\". Cover versions of \"Girls on Film\" have been recorded by Björn Again, Wesley Willis Fiasco, The Living End, Girls Aloud, Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers, Billy Preston, Kevin Max, La Ley, Midnight Oil, Mindless Self Indulgence and Chord Overstreet. The song was featured in the second season of the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\". Apart from the single, \"Girls on Film\" has also appeared on: EP's",
"title": "Girls on Film"
},
{
"id": "1494397",
"text": "as she was promoted to series regular for the show's second season). Netflix got the largest share of 2016 Emmy award nominations among its competitors, with 16 major nominations. However, streaming shows only got 24 nominations out of a total of 139, falling significantly behind cable. The 16 Netflix nominees were: \"House of Cards\" with Kevin Spacey, \"A Very Murray Christmas\" with Bill Murray, \"Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt\", \"Master of None\", and \"Bloodline\". \"Stranger Things\" received 19 nominations at the 2017 Primetime Emmy Awards, while \"The Crown\" received 13 nominations. In April 2017, Netflix was nominated for Broadcaster of the Year",
"title": "Netflix"
},
{
"id": "18697079",
"text": "books for adults and young readers are expected to follow. Dark Horse Comics announced a partnership with Netflix for \"a multi-year publishing line\" of stories set in the \"Stranger Things\" world. The first title would be a four-issue miniseries written by Jody Houser and interior art by Stefani Martino. The story would be set during the events of season 1, showing Will's perspective throughout his time in the Upside Down. The first issue of the miniseries was released on September 26, 2018. Netflix and BonusXP developed a free mobile game tie-in for \"Stranger Things\", released to iOS and Android devices",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "18697065",
"text": "recommendation, offering viewers an atmospheric and endearing series that is a nostalgic throwback without feeling like a simple copy.\" In a review in the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" Dave Wiegand wrote: \"\"Stranger Things\" reminds us of a time marked by a kind of no-strings escapism. And as it does so, we find ourselves yearning for it because the Duffer Brothers have made it so irresistibly appealing. There may be other equally great shows to watch this summer, but I guarantee you won't have more fun watching any of them than you will watching \"Stranger Things\".\" Joshua Alston of \"The A.V. Club\"",
"title": "Stranger Things"
},
{
"id": "19788098",
"text": "One month later, after a Christmas party, Hopper leaves the police station and drives to the woods. There, he leaves waffles in a concealed box. The whereabouts or condition of Eleven are left ambiguous. In the second season, it is revealed that Eleven is alive and, instead of dying, woke up in the Upside Down after destroying the creature at the end of the first season. Eleven escapes the Upside Down through a slimey portal, leading her back to the human universe. With the government forces still searching for her, she instead hides in a forest where she struggles to",
"title": "Eleven (Stranger Things)"
},
{
"id": "19661300",
"text": "debut as Zoran in \"The 100\", followed by a role as Jordie Pinsky in \"Supernatural\". In 2016, Wolfhard began to play the role of Mike Wheeler in the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\". He auditioned for the role via video after seeing an open casting call. The cast of the series won a SAG Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. He played Richie Tozier in the film adaptation of Stephen King's \"It\", which was released on September 8, 2017. The casting of Wolfhard in both \"Stranger Things\" and \"It\", both set in the '80s, had been",
"title": "Finn Wolfhard"
},
{
"id": "10306412",
"text": "2014, he also played the recurring role of Elliot Hirsch in \"The Newsroom\". In 2014, Harbour played the recurring character of Dr. Reed Akley in the first season of the historical drama series \"Manhattan\". He currently plays the lead role of Chief Jim Hopper in the Netflix science fiction horror series \"Stranger Things\". For his role as Hopper, Harbour has received nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series (2017 and 2018) and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film (2018). Harbour has won a Screen Actors",
"title": "David Harbour"
},
{
"id": "5330966",
"text": "such as \"The Yo-Yo Man\", \"flounder under the weight of intrusive arrangements\". Adam Sweeting wrote that \"Ocean Rain\" was \"only half a classic album\", adding: \"If you picture it in its original LP format, side two is superb, while side one sounds like a few extra songs they hastily knocked off to go with it\". In the first season of \"Stranger Things\", the fifth episode, \"The Flea and Acrobat\" featured \"Nocturnal Me\" in the end credits. The Swedish heavy metal band Ghost covered \"Nocturnal Me\" for their \"Popestar\" EP, which consisted mainly of cover versions. On 16 September 2008, Echo",
"title": "Ocean Rain"
}
] | when did season 1 and 2 of stranger things come out |
|
| [
{
"id": "19664254",
"text": "Ten Days in the Valley Ten Days in the Valley is an American drama television series that aired on ABC from October 1, 2017, through January 6, 2018. The series, starring Kyra Sedgwick, was ordered direct-to-series on August 4, 2016. After airing four episodes, ABC announced that they were pulling the series from their schedule but would air the rest of the episodes beginning December 16, 2017. A television producer's life gets complicated after her young daughter disappears in the middle of the night and the two worlds she tries to navigate violently collide. The series began development in early",
"title": "Ten Days in the Valley"
},
{
"id": "16293479",
"text": "extremely bright, but a bit naive and occasionally, an underlying dark sadness emerges.\" On March 30, 2016, Kinney made a guest appearance as Brie Larvan/Bug-Eyed Bandit on Arrow, a role she previously played on \"The Flash\". On October 28, 2016, her new single, \"Back on Love\", was released. On January 26, 2017, it was announced that Kinney will be joining the cast of ABC's \"Ten Days in the Valley\" alongside Kyra Sedgwick. Kinney will play Casey, \"Jane’s hip and upbeat young assistant who looks up to her boss as a role model\". In October 2017, Kinney's new single entitled, \"Mermaid",
"title": "Emily Kinney"
},
{
"id": "19664255",
"text": "2016 with Demi Moore set to star. She left the project for unknown reasons, and was replaced by Kyra Sedgwick. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 61% approval rating with an average rating of 7.45/10 based on 18 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"Ten Days in the Valley\"s instantly tense delivery of familiar material leads to an intriguing character study and engrossing mystery despite naggingly untapped potential.\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 63 out of 100 based on 12 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Ten Days in the Valley Ten Days in the",
"title": "Ten Days in the Valley"
},
{
"id": "19217119",
"text": "actress in a wheelchair to appear on a Broadway stage. She originated the role of Anna in Deaf West's 2015 revival of \"Spring Awakening\". In 2017, Stroker was cast as Tamara in the upcoming ABC show \"Ten Days in the Valley\". In 2018, Stroker played Ado Annie in St. Ann's Warehouse's critically-acclaimed revival of \"Oklahoma!\" Stroker is a Co-Chair of Women Who Care, which supports United Cerebral Palsy of NYC. She is a founding member of Be More Heroic, an anti-bullying campaign which tours the country connecting with thousands of students each year. She has gone to South Africa with",
"title": "Ali Stroker"
},
{
"id": "4322610",
"text": "the ABC drama series \"Ten Days in the Valley\", alongside Kyra Sedgwick. She is set to star in Jon Abrahams' second film, the comedy mob thriller \"Clover\", alongside Mark Webber, Julia Jones, and Ron Perlman. In November 2014, Christensen became engaged to cyclist Cole Maness. They married on September 5, 2015, in Palm Springs, California, and reside in Los Feliz, Los Angeles. The couple have two daughters: Shane (b. June 2016) and Polly (b. August 2018). Christensen is an outspoken Scientologist, having repeatedly publicly defended the validity of the organization. Erika Christensen Erika Jane Christensen (born August 19, 1982) is",
"title": "Erika Christensen"
},
{
"id": "9197409",
"text": "of Karen. The series began filming their first season in late May 2015. In 2016, Golightly appeared as Karen in the remake of Eli Roth's horror film, \"Cabin Fever\". In May 2016, Golightly was cast as Libby in the dance-comedy film \"Step Sisters\". Golightly appeared on the short-lived ABC drama, \"Ten Days in the Valley\", as a character named Lynn, in a three episode arc. In February 2018 Golightly was cast in a leading role, playing struggling actress Kate, in The CW television pilot, \"The End of the World As We Know It\". Gage Golightly Gage Golightly (born September 5,",
"title": "Gage Golightly"
},
{
"id": "13381072",
"text": "Zach Roerig Zachary George Roerig (born February 22, 1985) is an American actor who is known for his roles as Casey Hughes on \"As the World Turns\", Hunter Atwood on \"One Life to Live\" and Matt Donovan on \"The Vampire Diaries\". Roerig was born in Montpelier, Ohio, to Andrea and Dan Roerig. He has a younger sister, Emily, who was born in 1989. Roerig attended the Barbizon Modeling and Acting School in Cleveland and went on to participate in the International Modeling and Talent Association where he signed with his late talent manager. He graduated from Montpelier High School where",
"title": "Zach Roerig"
},
{
"id": "19510331",
"text": "pilot was filmed for creative reasons. Daniel Franzese was recast as his replacement starting with the pilot. Four of the cast members left the series for other projects after production ended. Manny Montana signed to appear as a regular character on the upcoming NBC series \"Good Girls\", Emily Kinney signed to the already ordered ABC series \"Ten Days in the Valley\", Hayley Atwell signed to star in the BBC One/Starz miniseries \"Howards End\" and Merrin Dungey signed to co-star in the CBS comedy-pilot \"Brothered Up\". \"Conviction\" has received generally negative reviews from television critics. Rotten Tomatoes shows a 19% \"rotten\"",
"title": "Conviction (2016 TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3837111",
"text": "Evan Rachel Wood Evan Rachel Wood (born September 7, 1987) is an American actress, model, and musician. She began acting in the 1990s, appearing in several television series, including \"American Gothic\" (1995–96) and \"Once and Again\" (1999–2002). Wood made her debut as a leading film actress at the age of eleven in \"Digging to China\" (1998) and garnered acclaim for her Golden Globe-nominated role as the troubled teenager Tracy Freeland in the teen drama film \"Thirteen\" (2003). Wood continued acting mostly in independent films, including \"Pretty Persuasion\" (2005), \"Down in the Valley\" (2005), \"Running with Scissors\" (2006), and in the",
"title": "Evan Rachel Wood"
},
{
"id": "13381075",
"text": "a federal prison. Zach Roerig Zachary George Roerig (born February 22, 1985) is an American actor who is known for his roles as Casey Hughes on \"As the World Turns\", Hunter Atwood on \"One Life to Live\" and Matt Donovan on \"The Vampire Diaries\". Roerig was born in Montpelier, Ohio, to Andrea and Dan Roerig. He has a younger sister, Emily, who was born in 1989. Roerig attended the Barbizon Modeling and Acting School in Cleveland and went on to participate in the International Modeling and Talent Association where he signed with his late talent manager. He graduated from Montpelier",
"title": "Zach Roerig"
},
{
"id": "10109060",
"text": "her back to San Francisco. In 2014 Liebegott joined the writing staff of Amazon's original series \"Transparent\", created by Jill Soloway. Ali has written and produced for the entire run of \"Transparent\", which has earned a Peabody Award and multiple Golden Globe and Emmy Awards, including the Golden Globe for Best Television Series - Musical or Comedy. Liebegott's television acting work has included roles on \"Transparent, Maron\", and \"Ten Days in the Valley.\" She can also be found doing standup throughout Los Angeles as both herself and her dog, Flaca. Liebegott's collection of poems, \"The Summer of Dead Birds\", is",
"title": "Ali Liebegott"
},
{
"id": "8120015",
"text": "Joseph Cross (actor) Joseph Michael Cross (born May 28, 1986) is an American actor and producer. He began work as a child actor, starring in the 1998 films \"Desperate Measures\", \"Wide Awake\", and \"Jack Frost\". He won the Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture for \"Running with Scissors\" (2006), and co-starred in \"Flags of Our Fathers\" (2006), \"Untraceable\" (2008), \"Milk\" (2008), and \"Lincoln\" (2012). From 1999 to 2004, Cross starred as Casey Hughes in the CBS soap opera \"As the World Turns\". In 2017, he appeared in the HBO limited series \"Big Little Lies\" and the Netflix crime",
"title": "Joseph Cross (actor)"
},
{
"id": "5506061",
"text": "Brooke Bundy Brooke Bundy (born August 8, 1944) is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her role as Elaine Parker in the 1987 hit horror film \"\" and its sequel, \"\" (1988). Bundy appeared in Daniel Farrands' documentary film \"\". She had two long-running roles on the soap opera serials \"Days of Our Lives\" as Rebecca North (1975–77) and \"General Hospital\" as Diana Maynard Taylor R.N. (1977–81). She has made guest appearances on a variety of television shows including \"The Big Valley\", \"Mr. Novak\", \"Daniel Boone\", \"Lassie\" (playing \"Terri Young\" in Season 12, Episode 10 \"In the",
"title": "Brooke Bundy"
},
{
"id": "7929247",
"text": "\"Naked\" (1993) and had a leading role in John Herzfeld's \"2 Days in the Valley\" (1996), starring alongside Danny Aiello, James Spader and Jeff Daniels. His last acting role to date was in the box office success \"George of the Jungle\" (1997). Cruttwell has been seen in numerous British television productions, \"Murder Most Horrid\", \"French & Saunders\", and \"Birds of a Feather\". In the United States, he guest starred in episodes of \"Murder, She Wrote\" and \"The Marshal\". In 2000 he wrote and directed the feature film, \"Chunky Monkey\", starring David Threlfall and Alison Steadman, which had a limited release",
"title": "Greg Cruttwell"
},
{
"id": "8552992",
"text": "James Stevenson (actor) James Stevenson (born March 25, 1981) is an American actor known for portraying Jared Casey on the NBC daytime drama \"Passions\". On March 14, 2007, Stevenson was nominated for a Daytime Emmy for \"Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series\" for his role on \"Passions\". He lost to Bryton McClure as Devon Hamilton. Stevenson has since left the series; his last airdate on \"Passions\" was July 23, 2007. Stevenson dated \"Days of Our Lives\" star Nadia Bjorlin, who appeared with him on the series \"Sex, Love & Secrets\". He grew up on a horse farm in Tolland,",
"title": "James Stevenson (actor)"
},
{
"id": "13751722",
"text": "a recurring role on \"The Good Wife\" as the \"No-Nonsense\" Det. Kevin Rodriguez. Solis also landed a role on USA’s \"Colony\" playing Geronimo, and ABC’s \"The Family\" playing Editor-in-Chief Gus Flores. Felix was recently cast in the series regular in ABC’s \"Ten Days in the Valley\" as Commander Gomez that premieres in October 2017. Felix Solis Felix Angel Solis (born September 17, 1971) is an American actor, film director and film producer. Born on the Upper West Side and raised in Chelsea/Greenwich Village area of New York City, to parents that were both born in Puerto Rico, Felix considers himself",
"title": "Felix Solis"
},
{
"id": "13393442",
"text": "Marlyn Mason Marlyn Mason (born August 7, 1940, in San Fernando, California) is an American actress, producer, screenwriter. Mason played the role of Nikki Bell in the television series \"Longstreet\" (1971-1972), which starred James Franciscus. Her other acting credits include roles in \"My Three Sons\", \"Burke's Law\", \"The Invaders\", \"Kentucky Jones\", \"Bonanza\", \"Ben Casey\", \"Dr. Kildare\" (in a recurring role), \"Laredo\", \"Occasional Wife\", \"The Big Valley\", \"The Man from U.N.C.L.E.\", \"I Spy\", \"Laredo\", \"Hogan's Heroes\", \"The F.B.I.\", \"Mission Impossible\", \"The Fugitive\", \"Mannix\", \"The Invaders\", \"The Odd Couple\", \"Love, American Style\", \"Marcus Welby, M.D.\", \"Barnaby Jones\", \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\", \"Boone\", \"The",
"title": "Marlyn Mason"
},
{
"id": "4621737",
"text": "the message\". Teri Hatcher's performance earned her a Golden Raspberry Award nomination for Worst Supporting Actress. Jerry Goldsmith composed an original orchestral score for 2 Days in the Valley which was rejected in post-production. The released film features a rock-oriented score composed by Anthony Marinelli. Jerry Goldsmith's score was released in complete form by the soundtrack label Intrada Records in 2012. 2 Days in the Valley 2 Days in the Valley is a 1996 American crime film written and directed by John Herzfeld. It depicts 48 hours in the lives of a group of people who are drawn together by",
"title": "2 Days in the Valley"
},
{
"id": "4810099",
"text": "Mary McCormack Mary Catherine McCormack (born February 8, 1969) is an American actress. She has had leading roles as Justine Appleton in the series \"Murder One\" (1995–97), as Deputy National Security Adviser Kate Harper in \"The West Wing\" (2004–06), as Mary Shannon in \"In Plain Sight\" (2008–12), and as Casey in the British comedy/drama series \"Loaded\" (spring 2017). Her film roles include \"Private Parts\" (1997), \"Deep Impact\" (1998), \"True Crime\" (1999), \"K-PAX\" (2001), \"\" (2003) and \"1408\" (2007). McCormack was born in Plainfield, New Jersey. She is the daughter of clinical therapist Norah and car dealership and ice cream parlor",
"title": "Mary McCormack"
},
{
"id": "9374848",
"text": "Casey Hughes Casey Robert Hughes is a fictional character on the soap opera \"As the World Turns\". He is the only child of Margo Montgomery and Tom Hughes. He was last played by Zach Roerig from January 18, 2005 to May 2, 2007. From January 29, 2008 to the series' last episode on September 17, 2010, newcomer Billy Magnussen played the role. Casey Robert Hughes, is the only son of Tom and Margo, born on Valentine's Day in 1991 and named after Casey Peretti, Margo's late stepfather, to whom she was very close and Tom's father Bob Hughes. Casey was",
"title": "Casey Hughes"
},
{
"id": "8552993",
"text": "Connecticut. James Stevenson (actor) James Stevenson (born March 25, 1981) is an American actor known for portraying Jared Casey on the NBC daytime drama \"Passions\". On March 14, 2007, Stevenson was nominated for a Daytime Emmy for \"Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series\" for his role on \"Passions\". He lost to Bryton McClure as Devon Hamilton. Stevenson has since left the series; his last airdate on \"Passions\" was July 23, 2007. Stevenson dated \"Days of Our Lives\" star Nadia Bjorlin, who appeared with him on the series \"Sex, Love & Secrets\". He grew up on a horse farm in",
"title": "James Stevenson (actor)"
},
{
"id": "5798685",
"text": "media, Casey Jones has been portrayed by several actors. He was first voiced by Pat Fraley in the 1987 series, Elias Koteas in the 1990 film, Marc Thompson in the 2003 series, voiced by Chris Evans in the 2007 film, Josh Peck in the 2012 series and by Stephen Amell in the to the 2014 reboot film. When Jones was young, his father, Arnold Casey Jones Sr., owned an auto shop. A group of Purple Dragon members (led by a young Hun) burned the shop down, killed his father and took his mother and sister hostage. The badly beaten Casey",
"title": "Casey Jones (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)"
},
{
"id": "6964808",
"text": "in \"Our Friends in the North\". He also played leading firefighter Tony Barnes in the 2004 ITV firefighting series \"Steel River Blues\". He also guest starred in \"M.I. High\". In 2010, he appeared in an episode of \"Inspector George Gently\", and in 2011, he appeared in \"Marchlands\". In 2012, and again in 2014, he appeared in \"Casualty\". In early 2016, he appeared in \"Coronation Street\". Casey held a regular role in BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", playing Tom Bailey. He first appeared on 1 June 2017, and was originally credited as 'Nosebleed Man'. However, later on his character's name was announced,",
"title": "Daniel Casey"
},
{
"id": "13381073",
"text": "he was both a football player and a wrestler. While he was growing up, Roerig worked for his father and grandfather at Fackler Monuments making gravestones. Roerig played the role of Casey Hughes on \"As the World Turns\" from January 18, 2005 to May 2, 2007. Casey was the son of legacy couple Tom and Margo Hughes and, during his time, Casey was part of a popular couple with Alexandra Chando. After his departure, Roerig accepted a role on the soap \"One Life to Live\", as Hunter Atwood. He departed again later that year. Roerig then made a few appearances",
"title": "Zach Roerig"
},
{
"id": "19630551",
"text": "and India and April 6, 2018 for a limited theatrical release. The Valley has been in the festival circuit in 2017, having been in 22 festivals. It has garnered numerous awards including Best Feature Film (3 festivals), Best Original Screenplay, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, Best Original Score and Best Cinematography. The Valley (2017 film) The Valley is a 2017 American drama film written and directed by Saila Kariat. It stars Alyy Khan, Suchitra Pillai, Jake T. Austin, Samina Peerzada, Barry Corbin, Christa B. Allen, Agneeta Thacker and Salma Khan . The plot follows a distraught father as he searches",
"title": "The Valley (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "7635948",
"text": "How Green Was My Valley (film) How Green Was My Valley is a 1941 drama film directed by John Ford. The film, based on the 1939 novel of the same name by Richard Llewellyn, was produced by Darryl F. Zanuck and scripted by Philip Dunne. The movie features Walter Pidgeon, Maureen O'Hara, Anna Lee, Donald Crisp, and Roddy McDowall. It was nominated for ten Academy Awards, famously beating \"Citizen Kane\" for Best Picture along with winning Best Director, Best Cinematography, and Best Supporting Actor. The movie tells of the Morgans, a hard-working Welsh mining family living in the heart of",
"title": "How Green Was My Valley (film)"
},
{
"id": "3699503",
"text": "Peter Breck Joseph Peter Breck (March 13, 1929 – February 6, 2012) was an American character actor. The rugged, dark-haired Breck played the gambler and gunfighter Doc Holliday on the ABC/Warner Bros. television series \"Maverick\" but is best known for his role as Victoria Barkley's (Barbara Stanwyck) hot-tempered, middle son Nick in the 1960s ABC/Four Star Western, \"The Big Valley\". Breck was also the leading man in an earlier ABC/Four Star Western television series entitled \"Black Saddle\". Joseph John Peter Breck was born in Rochester, New York. He grew up living with his grandparents in Haverhill, Massachusetts, because they felt",
"title": "Peter Breck"
},
{
"id": "7772625",
"text": "and driven too much by the abstract idea behind the plot instead of the characters in it. As of January 2012, the film holds a 51% rating on Rotten Tomatoes indicating mixed critical reception. Down in the Valley (film) Down in the Valley is a 2005 neo-western film starring Edward Norton, Evan Rachel Wood, David Morse and Rory Culkin. The film made its debut in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival on May 13, and made its limited theatrical release in North America in May 5, 2006. In the San Fernando Valley, rebellious teenager October",
"title": "Down in the Valley (film)"
},
{
"id": "4408284",
"text": "the Spot\". He has been cast in many television series, television films, and films, ranging from \"The Opposite of Sex\" to \"The Stupidest Angel\". In 2003, he starred in the short-lived TV show \"Coupling\". He was the lead in \"Eureka\", a Syfy original series broadcast between 2006 and 2012, for which he was also a producer in its later seasons. He was also a guest presenter for sci-fi news show \"HypaSpace\". In 2007, he starred as Dan Casey in the Lifetime Christmas film \"Christmas in Paradise\" alongside Charlotte Ross. In 2010, Ferguson starred as Nathan Bickerman in the syfy original",
"title": "Colin Ferguson"
},
{
"id": "18041032",
"text": "Army Reserve. She has four siblings, Riley, Major, Glory, and Saylor. Along with her older sister Riley, she appeared in the musical \"The King and I\". Her brother Major is also an actor. At age 12, Curda played Roly-Poly in the Broadway national tour of \"The 101 Dalmatians Musical\". In 2011, she starred as Casey in the Disney.com series \"Rule the Mix\". She also made numerous guest appearances in TV series including \"\", \"Body of Proof\" and \"Malibu Country\", and had a recurring role on \"A.N.T. Farm\" during its third season. In June 2013, she landed a leading role as",
"title": "Piper Curda"
},
{
"id": "13738148",
"text": "Pink Floyd, The Alan Parsons Project) joined Hang Dynasty to play hits such as \"Eye in the Sky\" and \"Don't Answer Me\". The event has been presented each year by Cinema Entertainment Alliance, a nonprofit arts and education organization dedicated to celebrating world cinema and music. Honorees have included: Dionne Warwick, Hector Elizondo, Dennis Haybert, John Ottman, John Badham, Lucas Foster, Rick Shroeder, Steve Dorff, Natasha Henstridge, AFI's Jean Firstenberg, Howard W. Koch, Robert Wise, Carl Reiner, Karl Malden, Shirley Jones, Michael York, Ray Charles, Rita Coolidge, Marsha Mason, Robert Stack, Gale Ann Hurd, William Shatner, Patty Duke, Billy Preston,",
"title": "Temecula Valley International Film Festival"
},
{
"id": "3321105",
"text": "Lee Majors Lee Majors (born Harvey Lee Yeary; April 23, 1939) is an American film, television and voice actor. Majors is best known for portraying the characters of Heath Barkley in the American television Western series \"The Big Valley\" (1965–1969), Colonel Steve Austin in the American television science fiction action series \"The Six Million Dollar Man\" (1973–1978), and Colt Seavers in American television action series\" The Fall Guy\" (1981–1986). Majors was born in Wyandotte, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. His parents, Carl and Alice Yeary, were both killed in separate accidents (prior to his birth and when he was one",
"title": "Lee Majors"
},
{
"id": "18486439",
"text": "Diana Ewing Diana Ewing (born January 4, 1946) is an American actress. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Ewing guest-starred on many television series, including \"The Mod Squad\" (1968), \"Love American Style\" (1969), \"\" (1969), \"The Big Valley\" (1969), \"The F.B.I. \" (1970), \"Archer\" (1975), \"\" (1977), \"Harry O\" (1974), and \"The Rockford Files\" (1977). One of her earliest television roles was in the original \"\" in the third-season episode \"The Cloud Minders\" (1969) as Droxine. Ewing made her feature film debut in the supporting role of Tracy Rutledge, in the movie \"80 Steps to Jonah\" (1969), and also appeared in \"Play",
"title": "Diana Ewing"
},
{
"id": "6559317",
"text": "Ashley Leggat Ashley Leggat (born September 26, 1986) is a Canadian actress, dancer and singer. She is known for her roles as Casey McDonald in the Canadian family comedy series \"Life with Derek\" and as Ashley Dunnfield in the television movie \"The Perfect Roommate\". Leggat was born in Hamilton, Ontario, and has Scottish and Irish ancestry on her mother's side. Leggat began her theatrical training with Theatre Aquarius's Performing Arts Program under the direction of Lou Zamprogna. That same year, Leggat made her professional theatre debut playing Marta in Theatre Aquarius's production of \"The Sound of Music\". Leggat went on",
"title": "Ashley Leggat"
},
{
"id": "12027146",
"text": "video for Fifth Harmony's Sweetheart in The Old West (aka Theme to Ten Days In The Valley) premiered during the telecast before airing again the next morning on Freeform. \"Nicole Sexton has been named the new CEO of the Entertainment Industry Foundation, a charitable organization that has been around 75 years and was founded by many Hollywood powerhouses, including Jack Warner, Samuel Goldwyn, Jr. James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart. In addition, Regina Miller, who has had considerable successes rallying support for everything from global charities to innovative start-ups, will join EIF as a special consultant.\" In August 2018 the EIF",
"title": "Entertainment Industry Foundation"
},
{
"id": "18663301",
"text": "film were filmed later on sound stages in Los Angeles with additional cast members Christopher Lambert and Kelly Le Brock. When Kelly Le Brock was cast in the production, she had 12 hours to prepare for her role. To accomplish this, she drew from her experiences dealing with mental illness of her past stalkers, as well as previous roles as a nurse. The film was shown May 5, 2015, Bly's 151st birthday, on the opening day of the Bentonville Film Festival (Arkansas), an event founded by actress/activist Geena Davis to highlight women and minorities in the media. The film was",
"title": "10 Days in a Madhouse"
},
{
"id": "17915011",
"text": "Preston Corbell Preston Michael Corbell was born in Dallas, Texas and is an American actor, filmmaker, writer. His most notable role is the voice of the robot Casey on the children's themed web series \"The Casey Files\" released in May 2017 on Amazon Prime Video. Beginning his film career in Wilmington, North Carolina, he worked as a stand-in and photo double for Chad Michael Murray as well as the role of a recurring student on the CW's \"One Tree Hill\". His most notable role was scientist John Casey in the popular sci-fi web series IQ-145 alongside Thomas Dekker, Paul Johansson,",
"title": "Preston Corbell"
},
{
"id": "2018225",
"text": "Danny Aiello Daniel Louis Aiello Jr. (; born June 20, 1933) is an American actor who has appeared in numerous motion pictures, including \"The Godfather Part II\" (1974), \"The Front\" (1976), \"Once Upon a Time in America\" (1984), \"The Purple Rose of Cairo\" (1985), \"Moonstruck\" (1987), \"Harlem Nights\" (1989), \"Hudson Hawk\" (1991), \"Ruby\" (1992), \"\" (1994), \"2 Days in the Valley\" (1996), \"Dinner Rush\" (2000), and \"Lucky Number Slevin\" (2006). He had a pivotal role in the Spike Lee film \"Do the Right Thing\" (1989) as Salvatore \"Sal\" Frangione, earning a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.",
"title": "Danny Aiello"
},
{
"id": "530647",
"text": "Morgan's life in three sequels: The 1941 Hollywood film adaptation, which was highly successful, had a cast that included Walter Pidgeon, Maureen O'Hara, Anna Lee, Roddy McDowall (as Huw), Donald Crisp, and Barry Fitzgerald. None of the leading players was Welsh (though Welsh actor Rhys Williams made his screen debut in the film in a minor role). Directed by John Ford, \"How Green Was My Valley\" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. \"How Green Was My Valley\" is available on DVD from 20th Century Fox as part of their 20th Century Fox Studio Classics collection.",
"title": "How Green Was My Valley"
},
{
"id": "3267547",
"text": "Paul Anthony Stewart Paul Anthony Stewart is an American stage and television actor who is best known for portraying Danny Santos in the daytime soap opera \"Guiding Light\". Stewart was born Paul Anthony Tamaccio on February 23, 1970 in Philadelphia. He was raised in the nearby suburb of Wayne, Pennsylvania where he attended Radnor High School. Upon high school graduation Stewart attended prestigious Princeton University where he graduated with a degree in drama with an influence on dramatic literature. Stewart's big break came with landing the role of Casey Bowman, a man with a troubled father, on the soap opera",
"title": "Paul Anthony Stewart"
},
{
"id": "17149290",
"text": "Linda Lawson (actress) Linda Lawson (born January 14, 1936, Ann Arbor, Michigan) is an American actress and singer. In a career spanning the years 1956 to 2005, she appeared in several films and television series, including \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\"; \"The Alfred Hitchcock Hour\"; \"Maverick\", as Clint Eastwood's \"other woman\" in the episode \"Duel at Sundown\"; James Michener's \"Adventures in Paradise\", as recurring character \"Renee\" in six episodes; \"Don't Call Me Charlie\", in which she portrayed \"Pat Perry\" for eighteen episodes; \"Ben Casey\", seen as \"Laura Fremont\" for nine episodes; \"\"; \"M Squad\"; \"Overland Trail\", and \"Wagon Train\", co-starring with Raymond",
"title": "Linda Lawson (actress)"
},
{
"id": "11474855",
"text": "creative partner June Diane Raphael. Wilson currently co-hosts (alongside Danielle Schneider) the Earwolf podcast \"Bitch Sesh\". Wilson made her first major television appearances with a two-season stint as a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 2008 to 2009. Casey Wilson was born and raised in Alexandria, Virginia, along with her younger brother, Fletcher, a medical device engineer. She graduated from T. C. Williams High School in 1998 and studied theater at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts and at the Stella Adler Studio of Acting, where she was a recipient of NYU's \"Excellence in Acting\" award when",
"title": "Casey Wilson"
},
{
"id": "3523765",
"text": "Neil Pearson Neil Joshua Pearson (born 27 April 1959) is a British actor, known for his work on television. He was nominated for the 1994 BAFTA TV Award for Best Actor for \"Between the Lines\" (1992–94). His other television roles include \"Drop the Dead Donkey\" (1990–98), \"All the Small Things\" (2009), \"Waterloo Road\" (2014–15), and \"In the Club\" (2014–16). His film appearances include all three of the \"Bridget Jones\" films. He is also an antiquarian book dealer who specialises in the expatriate literary movement of Paris between the wars. Pearson grew up in Battersea, London. His father, a panel beater,",
"title": "Neil Pearson"
},
{
"id": "6271809",
"text": "Feature films include RED, PEEP WORLD, \"Minority Report\", \"Stranger Inside\", \"2 Days in the Valley\", \"Dad\", \"Broken Words\", \"Worth Winning\" and \"Shopgirl\". She has also appeared in independent Asian American films, including \"The Sensei\", \"Yellow\" and \"Stand Up for Justice\". She is a member of the Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, and the Actors' Equity Association. Kuroda is married to actor/director Alberto Isaac. She has two brothers, Paul Kuroda (an award-winning photographer in Oakland, California) and her younger brother Douglas Kuroda, an electrician in Fresno, California. Emily Kuroda Emily Kuroda (born October 30, 1952) is",
"title": "Emily Kuroda"
},
{
"id": "3955057",
"text": "Jonathan LaPaglia Jonathan LaPaglia (, ; born 31 August 1969) is an Australian actor known for his roles as Frank B. Parker in the television series \"Seven Days\", Kevin Debreno in \"The District\" and Det. Tommy McNamara in \"New York Undercover\". In April 2016, LaPaglia was announced as the host of Network Ten's revival of \"Australian Survivor\". LaPaglia was born in Adelaide, South Australia, the youngest of three sons of Maria Johannes (née Brendel), a secretary, originally from the Netherlands and Gedio \"Eddie\" LaPaglia, an auto mechanic and car dealer from Bovalino, Calabria, Italy. His elder brothers are actor Anthony",
"title": "Jonathan LaPaglia"
},
{
"id": "17878261",
"text": "James Norton (actor) James Geoffrey Ian Norton (born 18 July 1985) is an English actor. He is best known for roles in the British TV series \"Happy Valley\", \"Grantchester\", \"War & Peace and McMafia.\" For his role as ex-convict Tommy Lee Royce in \"Happy Valley\", Norton was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2015. Norton was educated at the University of Cambridge, where he read theology and performed in student theatre productions. Norton was born in London, the son of Lavinia Jane (Norman) and Hugh Biddulph Norton. His parents were both teachers; his father,",
"title": "James Norton (actor)"
},
{
"id": "4621736",
"text": "Brooklyn; Susan smiles and he kisses her. The film was given mixed reviews from critics, with a 59% \"rotten\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 54 reviews. Writing in \"The New York Times\", Stephen Holden wrote the film \"lacks the humanity of \"Short Cuts\" or the edgy hipness of \"Pulp Fiction\", but it is still a sleek, amusingly nasty screen debut by a filmmaker whose television credits include an Amy Fisher melodrama.\" Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four on his rating scale, saying that it \"looks like a crime movie, but crime is the medium, not",
"title": "2 Days in the Valley"
},
{
"id": "3321109",
"text": "by W. W. Jacobs. Majors got his big break when he was chosen out of over 400 young actors, including Burt Reynolds, for the co-starring role of Heath Barkley in a new ABC western series, \"The Big Valley\", which starred Barbara Stanwyck. Also starring on the show was another newcomer, Linda Evans, who played Heath's younger sister, Audra. Richard Long and Peter Breck played his brothers Jarrod and Nick, respectively. One of Heath's frequently used expressions during the series was \"Boy howdy!\" \"Big Valley\" was an immediate hit. During the series, Majors co-starred in the 1968 Charlton Heston film \"Will",
"title": "Lee Majors"
},
{
"id": "16189374",
"text": "Casey Braxton Casey Braxton is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Lincoln Younes. Casey made his first on-screen appearance on 17 February 2011. Younes was about to go travelling when he auditioned for the role of Casey. He changed his plans upon winning the role. In late 2010 the Seven Network began airing trailers for a new trio of characters known as \"The River Boys\". The trio consist of Casey and his older half-brothers Darryl (Steve Peacocke) and Heath Braxton (Dan Ewing). The River Boys arrive in Summer Bay from neighbouring",
"title": "Casey Braxton"
},
{
"id": "10904575",
"text": "touches on the experience of filming his first \"network half-hour comedy\" in an interview with \"Daemon's TV\". On November 9, 2011, Amell was announced for the recurring role of Scottie, a paramedic on ABC's \"Private Practice\". He also played the role of Travis McKenna in Blue Mountain State In January 2012, Amell was cast as the title character in The CW series \"Arrow\", a re-imagining of the comic-book character Green Arrow. Amell co-starred in the film \"\", released on June 3, 2016, as vigilante Casey Jones. Amell announced in May 2017 that he would be participating on a special celebrity",
"title": "Stephen Amell"
},
{
"id": "7452014",
"text": "however, Barrymore's schedule commitments meant she was no longer able to remain in the demanding leading role, but still wishing to take part she volunteered to play the smaller role of Casey Becker, who dies early in the film, with her scene being filmed in five days. Following Barrymore's abdication of the role, actresses Alicia Witt and Brittany Murphy auditioned for the part. The production also offered the role to Reese Witherspoon although she ultimately never auditioned. It was Canadian actress Neve Campbell who was given the lead of Sidney Prescott after Craven saw her in the television series \"Party",
"title": "Sidney Prescott"
},
{
"id": "7635960",
"text": "Griso as Huw. How Green Was My Valley (film) How Green Was My Valley is a 1941 drama film directed by John Ford. The film, based on the 1939 novel of the same name by Richard Llewellyn, was produced by Darryl F. Zanuck and scripted by Philip Dunne. The movie features Walter Pidgeon, Maureen O'Hara, Anna Lee, Donald Crisp, and Roddy McDowall. It was nominated for ten Academy Awards, famously beating \"Citizen Kane\" for Best Picture along with winning Best Director, Best Cinematography, and Best Supporting Actor. The movie tells of the Morgans, a hard-working Welsh mining family living in",
"title": "How Green Was My Valley (film)"
},
{
"id": "5777598",
"text": "Andrew Keegan Andrew Keegan (born January 29, 1979) is an American actor best known for his roles in television shows including \"Party of Five\" and \"7th Heaven\" and in films such as \"10 Things I Hate about You\" (1999), \"The Broken Hearts Club\" (2000) and \"O\" (2001). Keegan was born Andrew Keegan Heying in Los Angeles, California, the older son of Lana (Ocampo), a hairdresser, and Larry Heying, a voice-over actor. Keegan's mother is Colombian and his father is from Nebraska. Keegan has a younger brother, Casey (born June 12, 1980), who is also an actor. His daughter, Aiya Rose",
"title": "Andrew Keegan"
},
{
"id": "15687854",
"text": "addition to \"Moneyball\", Bond has appeared in \"Nashville\", Ring the Bell, Undrafted, My Many Sons, \"I Saw the Light\", \"Gene Simmons Family Jewels\" and various other films and commercials. Bond was raised in Peachtree City, Georgia. He attended Starr's Mill High School in Fayetteville, Georgia. He then enrolled at Birmingham–Southern College in Birmingham, Alabama, where he played college baseball for the Birmingham–Southern Panthers baseball team, competing in the Big South Conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) Division I. After his junior year at Birmingham-Southern, the school's president decided to move the Panthers' athletic programs from Division I to",
"title": "Casey Bond"
},
{
"id": "3197402",
"text": "Casey Affleck Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck-Boldt (born August 12, 1975) is an American actor and director. He began his career as a child actor, appearing in the PBS television film \"Lemon Sky\" (1988) and the miniseries \"The Kennedys of Massachusetts\" (1990). He later appeared in three Gus Van Sant films – \"To Die For\" (1995), \"Good Will Hunting\" (1997), and \"Gerry\" (2002) – and in Steven Soderbergh's comedy heist trilogy \"Ocean's Eleven\" (2001), \"Ocean's Twelve\" (2004), and \"Ocean's Thirteen\" (2007). His first leading role was in Steve Buscemi's independent comedy-drama \"Lonesome Jim\" (2006). Affleck's breakthrough was in 2007, when he",
"title": "Casey Affleck"
},
{
"id": "1390013",
"text": "issues and with the character, as well as their lack of collaboration and teamwork. In 2006, Norton starred in three films: \"Down in the Valley\", as a dangerous drifter purporting to be a cowpoke; \"The Illusionist\", which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and later became a sleeper hit when it went into general release; and \"The Painted Veil\". Norton gave award-winning performances in each one. In 2010, Norton appeared in two films again: in \"Leaves of Grass\", as estranged identical twins (one a small-time drug dealer and the other a Brown professor); and in \"Stone\", which reunited Norton with",
"title": "Edward Norton"
},
{
"id": "14098142",
"text": "fifteen episodes of the NBC modern western television series, \"Empire\", starring Richard Egan. He guest starred in such series as \"Tate\", \"The Big Valley\" (twice), \"Bonanza\" (five times), \"Daniel Boone\" (eight times), \"Alias Smith and Jones\" (as Curly Red Johnson in \"The Day the Amnesty Came Through\"), \"Gunsmoke\" (twelve times), \"Kung Fu\", \"Hawaii Five-O\" (1970, as Jase Gorman in the episode: The Payoff), and \"How the West Was Won\". He appeared in such films as \"Nevada Smith\", \"Hot Lead and Cold Feet\" and in the John Wayne film, \"Rooster Cogburn\" in the role of as Bagsby. Vanders died on November",
"title": "Warren Vanders"
},
{
"id": "9113484",
"text": "Guy Burnet Guy Burnet (born 8 August 1983) is an English film, television and theatre actor. In recent years Burnet also completed a number of roles in feature films and on the New York stage as well as small writing roles. He currently plays Casey Finney on \"Ray Donovan\" and \"Mike\" on \"The Affair\". Burnet was born in London, England, He is multilingual. He attended Holland Park School where his interest in drama first developed, taking an A level in the subject. Before becoming an actor, Burnet aspired to become a professional footballer. He attended Queens Park Rangers Soccer School.",
"title": "Guy Burnet"
},
{
"id": "5651401",
"text": "Elias Koteas Elias Koteas (born March 11, 1961) is a Canadian film and television actor. He appeared in Atom Egoyan's \"The Adjuster\", \"Exotica\", Terrence Malick's \"The Thin Red Line\", David Cronenberg's \"Crash\" and as Casey Jones in the first and third live-action Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles films\".\" Koteas was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, to a father who worked as a mechanic for the Canadian National Railways, and a milliner mother. His parents are both of Greek descent, from the Mani Peninsula, and he is a fluent Greek speaker. Koteas attended Vanier College in Montreal before leaving to attend the",
"title": "Elias Koteas"
},
{
"id": "3831455",
"text": "a worldwide total of $26,155,781, less than one-quarter the gross of the original, the film did not recoup its $40 million budget. The Whole Ten Yards The Whole Ten Yards is a 2004 American crime comedy film directed by Howard Deutch and sequel to the 2000 film \"The Whole Nine Yards\". It was based on characters created by Mitchell Kapner, who was the writer of the first film. The film stars Bruce Willis, Matthew Perry, Amanda Peet, Natasha Henstridge, and Kevin Pollak. It was released on April 7, 2004 in North America. Unlike the first film, which was a commercial",
"title": "The Whole Ten Yards"
},
{
"id": "5480969",
"text": "and on the stage throughout the rest of her life, but she failed to again obtain the recognition she had with Fox in the 1950s. She guest starred on episodes of \"The Untouchables\" and \"Gunsmoke\" (both 1963). North joined the cast of \"I Can Get It for You Wholesale\" in 1962, which featured Elliott Gould and introduced Barbra Streisand. She later guest starred on a series of popular television series, including \"Ben Casey\" and \"Burke's Law\" (1963–65), \"The Virginian\" (1964–66), \"The Big Valley\", \"The Iron Horse\" (both 1966), and \"The Fugitive\" (1965–67). After an eight-year absence from film acting, North",
"title": "Sheree North"
},
{
"id": "14358313",
"text": "Bobby Clark (juvenile actor) Robert Dwain Clark born November 19, 1944 is an American film, television, and stage actor. Probably his longest lasting role was that of Casey Junior in the syndicated 1957-1958 television series, \"Casey Jones\", starring Alan Hale, Jr., in the title role, with supporting cast members Mary Lawrence as Mrs. Jones, Dub Taylor as Fireman Wallie Sims, and Eddy Waller as \"Red Rock\", the train conductor. Clark appeared in the movies \"Invasion of the Body Snatchers\", \"Ransom!\", \"Gun Duel in Durango\", \"Rebel in Town\", \"The Happy Road\", \"Bring Your Smile Along\", and \"The Ten Commandments\". Clark made",
"title": "Bobby Clark (juvenile actor)"
},
{
"id": "3197439",
"text": "performer who can convey as much with a sheet over his head as he does without.\" Jordan Hoffman of \"The Guardian\" described him as \"cinema's finest mumbler ... I can't even tell if he's speaking or just emitting high-pitched vibrations anymore.\" He directed, wrote and starred in the survival drama \"Light of My Life\"; it is awaiting a release date. In mid-2018, Affleck will star opposite Robert Redford in the outlaw drama \"The Old Man and the Gun\". The film is his third collaboration with Lowery. Affleck was introduced to actress Summer Phoenix by her brother, Joaquin, in the mid-1990s.",
"title": "Casey Affleck"
},
{
"id": "11877903",
"text": "playing Mary Ryan Fenelli in 1979. She was the fourth actress to portray the character. She also appeared on three other such daytime serialized drama: \"Search for Tomorrow\" as Kathy Parker Phillips Taper #2 from 1980 until 1982; \"As the World Turns\" as Casey Reynolds in 1984; and \"Guiding Light\" as Meredith Reade Bauer from 1987 to 1989. She starred in two motion pictures, \"Whispers of White\" and \"Calhoun County\", and in the Off-Off-Broadway play \"Sweet Song of the Trumpets\". Other theater roles included a Baltimore, Maryland, production of Lillian Hellman's \"Another Part of the Forest\" in 1984, and the",
"title": "Nicolette Goulet"
},
{
"id": "3197421",
"text": "of Zach Braff's character. Affleck had a breakthrough year in 2007, with the release of two films featuring critically acclaimed performances. The first of these performances was in the Western drama \"The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford\", in which he played Robert Ford to Brad Pitt's Jesse James. Affleck auditioned repeatedly for the role. While the director Andrew Dominik had seen Affleck in \"Gerry\", he cast him partly because of his \"beautiful-sounding voice. The voice is the thing that really gets you.\" Manohla Dargis of \"The New York Times\" described Affleck's performance as a \"revelation\" which",
"title": "Casey Affleck"
},
{
"id": "7035487",
"text": "Casey Reinhardt Casey Beau Brown (née Reinhardt) (born July 1, 1986) is an American television personality, actress, model, and entrepreneur. Born in Beverly Hills, California, she competed in numerous beauty pageants as a teenager. In 2005, Brown rose to prominence after being cast in the reality television series \"\", which documented the lives of her and her friends as they attended Laguna Beach High School. In 2009, Brown opened the bakery \"Casey's Cupcakes\" in the historic Mission Inn Hotel & Spa, located in Riverside, California. After winning an episode of the competition series \"Cupcake Wars\" in 2011, she opened additional",
"title": "Casey Reinhardt"
},
{
"id": "18421675",
"text": "Pegler, Richard Pyros, Ben Mingay, Firass Dirani, Nico Cortez, Michael Sheasby, Goran Kleut, Jacob Warner, Harry Greenwood, Damien Thomlinson, Ben O'Toole, Benedict Hardie, Robert Morgan, Ori Pfeffer, Milo Gibson, and Nathaniel Buzolic, Hugo Weaving, and Ryan Corr – was announced between November 2014 and October 2015. The younger Doss was played by Darcy Bryce. Garfield plays Desmond Doss, a US Army medic awarded the Medal of Honor by President Harry S. Truman for saving lives during the Battle of Okinawa in World War II. Garfield had high regards for Doss, and venerated him for his act of bravery, hailing him",
"title": "Hacksaw Ridge"
},
{
"id": "20607139",
"text": "days in jail. Jamil asserted the casting as being a case of . Additional casting which included the additions of Spencer Garrett, James Remar, Brenda Vaccaro and Mike Moh was announced in July. In August 2018, additional castings were made, including Damon Herriman as Charles Manson, and Lena Dunham, Austin Butler, Danny Strong, Rumer Willis, Dreama Walker, and Margaret Qualley cast in supporting roles. Principal photography began on June 18, 2018, in Los Angeles, California and wrapped on November 1, 2018. Reynolds died in September 2018 before filming any of his scenes; Bruce Dern was cast as George Spahn in",
"title": "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood"
},
{
"id": "16178758",
"text": "Tom Hanks officiated the ceremony. She and her husband live in Chelsea, New York. Williams is an ambassador for Horizons National. She led the 2016 \"10 Days of Giving\" campaign to raise awareness and funds for the organization's educational goals and is expected to revisit this role in 2017. Williams recently talked about her political views, advocacy, millennial activism, and women in Hollywood on the Politico podcast \"Women Rule\". Allison Williams (actress) Allison Howell Williams (born April 13, 1988) is an American actress, comedian, and singer. She is best known for her role as Marnie Michaels on the HBO comedy-drama",
"title": "Allison Williams (actress)"
},
{
"id": "18214570",
"text": "\"Hawaii Five-0\", in an episode entitled, \"Hoku Welowelo\"; Flynn played the role of Nick Spitz, opposite actress Melanie Griffith. Flynn also co-produced his short movie called \"Solely\". In August 2014, DAYS co-executive producer, Greg Meng confirmed to Soap Opera Digest that Flynn had joined the cast of NBC soap opera \"Days of Our Lives\", as a recast of Chad DiMera, previously played by actor Casey Deidrick. Flynn debuted on September 12, 2014. In October 2016 \"Deadline\" confirmed that Flynn has booked a role in the thriller movie called \"D.O.A. Blood River\" Billy Flynn (actor) William \"Billy\" Flynn (born May 29,",
"title": "Billy Flynn (actor)"
},
{
"id": "20993851",
"text": "Davey Davison Davey Davison (born May 19, 1943) is an American actress. She appeared in the television series' \"Route 66\", \"Shannon\", \"The New Breed\", \"The Eleventh Hour\", \"Hazel\", \"Empire\", \"General Hospital\", \"Perry Mason\", \"My Three Sons\", \"The Nurses\", \"Mr. Novak\", \"Slattery's People\", \"Dr. Kildare\", \"Gunsmoke\", \"Rawhide\", \"Ben Casey\", \"Days of Our Lives\", \"Run for Your Life\", \"Bonanza\", \"Premiere\", \"The F.B.I.\", \"The Virginian\", \"The Name of the Game\", \"The Rookies\", \"Mannix\", \"The Manhunter\", \"Cannon\", \"Petrocelli\", \"The Streets of San Francisco\", \"Tales of the Unexpected\", \"Dynasty\" and \"Insight\", among others. She appeared in the films \"The Strangler\", \"War Party\", \"Marriage on the",
"title": "Davey Davison"
},
{
"id": "11474862",
"text": "since branched out into an active writing career in film and television. They co-wrote their first screenplay for the comedy \"Bride Wars\", in which they also played supporting roles. They landed a development deal with UPN in 2005 to create a half-hour comedy pilot. In 2007 they worked as writers and story editors on the Americanized version of \"Creature Comforts\" on CBS. Wilson made her film acting debut as an acting student in the final scene of the 2006 Christopher Guest film \"For Your Consideration\". She has since appeared in \"Julie & Julia\", \"C.O.G.\", \"The Breakup Girl\", \"The Guilt Trip\",",
"title": "Casey Wilson"
},
{
"id": "21010312",
"text": "Directors Guild of Canada nomination for Best Feature Film in 2006. Following \"A Simple Curve\" he has worked predominantly in television, including writing and producing for \"Flashpoint\", \"Rookie Blue\", \"Saving Hope\", \"Orphan Black\", \"Frontier\", \"Ten Days in the Valley\" and \"Snowpiercer\". He won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Writing in a Dramatic Series at the 1st Canadian Screen Awards in 2013 for the \"Flashpoint\" episode \"Day Game\", and was a nominee in the same category at the 5th Canadian Screen Awards in 2017 for the \"Orphan Black\" episode \"The Stigmata of Progress\". At the 6th Canadian Screen Awards in",
"title": "Aubrey Nealon"
},
{
"id": "3875294",
"text": "\"\", \"Mork & Mindy\", \"Lou Grant\", \"Mama's Family\", \"Magnum, P.I.\", \"The A-Team\", \"Murder, She Wrote\", \"The X-Files\", \"Highway to Heaven\" and \"\". In 1979, he appeared in \"Salem's Lot\". He also played opposite Polly Holliday in the \"Alice\" spin-off \"Flo\" (1980–81) for which he received a Golden Globe nomination. His film credits include such movies as \"Down in the Valley\", \"The Butcher\", \"Maverick\", and \"When Every Day Was the Fourth of July\". In the '95-'96, 22-episode run of series Land's End (TV series), he co-starred with Fred Dryer. Lewis worked frequently with actor-director Clint Eastwood in several films including \"Midnight",
"title": "Geoffrey Lewis (actor)"
},
{
"id": "5732132",
"text": "and \"The Geena Davis Show\", played the lead in the short-lived series \"Brimstone\", and played Crane McFadden in the one season series (1982–1983) \"Seven Brides for Seven Brothers\". He played Jacob in the 1982 feature film \"Split Image\", Father Mahoney in the 1986 feature film \"Where the River Runs Black\" Roy Fox in the 1996 film \"Two Days In The Valley\" and played Burt in the 1984 Stephen King movie \"Children of the Corn\". He had a minor role in Cameron Crowe's Seattle romantic comedy, \"Singles\". He played Harry Landers in the \"Hospital\" skit from \"Amazon Women on the Moon\"",
"title": "Peter Horton"
},
{
"id": "3831446",
"text": "The Whole Ten Yards The Whole Ten Yards is a 2004 American crime comedy film directed by Howard Deutch and sequel to the 2000 film \"The Whole Nine Yards\". It was based on characters created by Mitchell Kapner, who was the writer of the first film. The film stars Bruce Willis, Matthew Perry, Amanda Peet, Natasha Henstridge, and Kevin Pollak. It was released on April 7, 2004 in North America. Unlike the first film, which was a commercial success despite receiving mixed reviews, \"The Whole Ten Yards\" was a major critical and commercial failure. Thanks to falsified dental records supplied",
"title": "The Whole Ten Yards"
},
{
"id": "7587658",
"text": "amnesia. DeMarcus has continued to explore his acting career, appearing in the film \"A Country Christmas\", as well as episodes of ABC's \"Nashville\" and Lifetime's \"Drop Dead Diva\". In October 2018, DeMarcus founded the label Red Street Records, an independent Christian music label. On May 15, 2004, DeMarcus married Allison Alderson a former beauty queen who has held the titles Miss Tennessee 1999 and Miss Tennessee USA 2002. DeMarcus met her on the set while filming the video for the Rascal Flatts song, \"These Days\". Their first child, Madeline Leigh, was born in December 2010. In July 2012, he and",
"title": "Jay DeMarcus"
},
{
"id": "6339499",
"text": "sequel \"\". Bell's portrayal of Jigsaw has earned him five award nominations and two wins. Before his breakthrough with \"Saw\", Bell appeared in many notable films, including \"The Verdict\" (1982), \"Tootsie\" (1982), \"Mississippi Burning\" (1988), \"False Identity\" (1990), \"Loose Cannons\" (1990), \"Goodfellas\" (1990), \"Ruby\" (1992), \"The Firm\" (1993), \"In the Line of Fire\" (1993), \"Malice\" (1993), \"The Quick and the Dead\" (1995), \"Brown's Requiem\" (1998), a voice role in \"The Road to El Dorado\" (2000), and a narration role in \"Boiling Point\" (1993). Bell was born in Queens, New York and raised in Weymouth, Massachusetts. His English-born mother, Eileen Julia",
"title": "Tobin Bell"
},
{
"id": "16189415",
"text": "meant the series could \"explore many different storylines and play out lots of great plots.\" Casey Braxton Casey Braxton is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Lincoln Younes. Casey made his first on-screen appearance on 17 February 2011. Younes was about to go travelling when he auditioned for the role of Casey. He changed his plans upon winning the role. In late 2010 the Seven Network began airing trailers for a new trio of characters known as \"The River Boys\". The trio consist of Casey and his older half-brothers Darryl (Steve",
"title": "Casey Braxton"
},
{
"id": "9896281",
"text": "Scott Adkins Scott Edward Adkins (born 17 June 1976) is an English actor and martial artist who is best known for playing Russian prison fighter Yuri Boyka in the 2006 film \"\" and its two sequels: \"\" (2010) and \"\" (2016) and as Casey Bowman in the 2009 film \"Ninja\" and its 2013 sequel \"\". He has also appeared in \"Doctor Strange\", \"The Bourne Ultimatum, The Expendables 2\" and \"Zero Dark Thirty\". Scott Edward Adkins was born in Sutton Coldfield, a town within Birmingham, England on 17 June 1976 into a family of butchers. He is of Spanish descent. He",
"title": "Scott Adkins"
},
{
"id": "15549787",
"text": "Her other guest-starring roles included \"Schlitz Playhouse\", \"77 Sunset Strip\", \"Hawaiian Eye\", \"The Millionaire\", \"Shotgun Slade\", \"Hotel de Paree\", \"General Electric Theater\", \"87th Precinct\", \"Frontier Circus\", \"The Alfred Hitchcock Hour\", \"The Donna Reed Show\", \"Petticoat Junction\", \"Going My Way\", \"Twelve O'Clock High\", \"Family Affair\", \"The Green Hornet\", \"Lassie\", \"Bridget Loves Bernie\", \"Here Come the Brides\", \"Barnaby Jones\", \"Medical Center\", \"Cade's County\", \"Cannon\", \"The Rockford Files,\" \"The Big Valley\", \"The Guns of Will Sonnett\", \"The F.B.I.\", \"Marcus Welby, M.D.\", \"The Outer Limits\", \"The Bob Newhart Show\", \"The Streets of San Francisco\", and most notably her two appearances on \"The Twilight Zone\":",
"title": "Nora Marlowe"
},
{
"id": "4629630",
"text": "Blair Tefkin Blair Tefkin (born December 9, 1959) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. Tefkin was born in Los Angeles, California. She may be best known for her role as Robin Maxwell on the 1983 science fiction miniseries \"V\" (replacing Dominique Dunne, who was murdered in pre-production), the 1984 sequel \"V: The Final Battle\", and \"V: The Series\". Other notable television roles include Chris Elliott's love interest, Charlene, on \"Get a Life\". Film roles include \"Fast Times at Ridgemont High\" (credited as Blair Ashleigh, she played a Pat Benatar lookalike), \"Three for the Road\" with Charlie Sheen, \"A Sinful Life\"",
"title": "Blair Tefkin"
},
{
"id": "18663302",
"text": "released in theatres on . In its opening week the film was a box office flop grossing only $12,165 against a supposed $12 million production budget. Its final box office receipts totaled $14,616. A reviewer in \"Ms.\" magazine wrote: \"I can honestly say this movie is a must-see. Nellie Bly's heroism and courage truly come to life on the screen, thanks to the work of talented up-and-coming actor Caroline Barry. Barry is instantly magnetic as Bly, and it's hard not to root for and fall in love with her character as the story progresses.\" The review ascribed the film's shortcomings",
"title": "10 Days in a Madhouse"
},
{
"id": "4810105",
"text": "were briefly separated when her husband was photographed kissing singer/actress Katharine McPhee. McCormack is the godmother of \"In Plain Sight\" co-star Fred Weller's daughter. Mary McCormack Mary Catherine McCormack (born February 8, 1969) is an American actress. She has had leading roles as Justine Appleton in the series \"Murder One\" (1995–97), as Deputy National Security Adviser Kate Harper in \"The West Wing\" (2004–06), as Mary Shannon in \"In Plain Sight\" (2008–12), and as Casey in the British comedy/drama series \"Loaded\" (spring 2017). Her film roles include \"Private Parts\" (1997), \"Deep Impact\" (1998), \"True Crime\" (1999), \"K-PAX\" (2001), \"\" (2003) and",
"title": "Mary McCormack"
},
{
"id": "19630548",
"text": "The Valley (2017 film) The Valley is a 2017 American drama film written and directed by Saila Kariat. It stars Alyy Khan, Suchitra Pillai, Jake T. Austin, Samina Peerzada, Barry Corbin, Christa B. Allen, Agneeta Thacker and Salma Khan . The plot follows a distraught father as he searches for answers after his college-age daughter's suicide. The film will be released on March 2, 2018. The Valley is the story of an immigrant entrepreneur Neal Kumar and his family, who live in the technologically driven culture that is Silicon Valley. His affluent life appears idyllic from the exterior, however, when",
"title": "The Valley (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "9732483",
"text": "Deborah Theaker Deborah Theaker (born April 6, 1964) is a Canadian actress. Theaker was born in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada. She is best known as Casey Edison on the Lucasfilm science fiction satire \"Maniac Mansion\" which ran from 1990 until 1993. In 1985, Theaker graduated from the University of Saskatchewan and later moved to Toronto, where she became a member of The Second City's resident company. Since 1987, She has played roles in various television shows and movies, including \"The Kids in the Hall\", \"Joey\", \"Howie Mandel's Sunny Skies\", \"Desperate Housewives\", \"Rat Race\", \"Entourage\", \"Bones\", and \"Lemony Snicket's A Series",
"title": "Deborah Theaker"
},
{
"id": "3449576",
"text": "Garrett Hedlund Garrett Hedlund (born September 3, 1984) is an American actor and model. His films include \"Friday Night Lights\" (2004), \"Troy\" (2004), \"Four Brothers\" (2005), \"Eragon\" (2006), \"Country Strong\" (2010), \"\" (2010), \"On the Road\" (2012), \"Inside Llewyn Davis\" (2013), \"Unbroken\" (2014), \"Pan\" (2015) and \"Mudbound\" (2017). Hedlund was born in Roseau, Minnesota, to Kristine Anne (née Yanish) and Robert Martin Hedlund. He is the youngest of three children, with a brother, Nathaniel, and a sister, Amanda. His father is of Swedish descent and his mother is of German and Norwegian descent. Hedlund was raised on a remote beef",
"title": "Garrett Hedlund"
},
{
"id": "19915159",
"text": "and Karl was wanted by the authorities. On February 10, 2016, Daniel Radcliffe joined the cast. On March 21, 2016, Thomas Kretschmann and Alex Russell also joined the cast. Principal photography began on March 19, 2016 and ended on April 13, 2016. The film premiered at the Melbourne International Film Festival on August 3, 2017. It was released in Australia on November 9, 2017, by Umbrella Entertainment. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 54%, based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 5.7/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 48 out",
"title": "Jungle (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "6559320",
"text": "part of CBC's \"Opening Night\" series. In 2005, Leggat was cast in the co-lead role of Casey McDonald in the Family Channel family comedy series \"Life with Derek\". The series ran for four seasons before ending its run in 2009. On July 31, 2009, Leggat commented on her official Facebook page that they would begin shooting \"Vacation with Derek\" in September of that year; it aired in Canada on the Family Channel in June 2010, and in the U.S. on Starz in 2011. Leggat starred in the Toronto version of the play \"Dirty Dancing\", and received critical acclaim for her",
"title": "Ashley Leggat"
},
{
"id": "5050731",
"text": "and you start piecing them together, so I think that helped me.\" She even worked with fellow female director Lisa Cholodenko on her film \"Laurel Canyon\" (2002). Aside from her time spent working alongside directors, Hardwicke continued to work on her own projects such as scripts, short films, and teaching herself Final Cut Pro. Hardwicke even took it upon herself to take acting classes to become a better director. Through the 1990s and early 2000s, Hardwicke worked as a production designer on films including \"Tombstone\" (1993), \"Tank Girl\" (1995), \"2 Days in the Valley\" (1996), \"The Newton Boys\" (1998), \"Three",
"title": "Catherine Hardwicke"
},
{
"id": "1293583",
"text": "Barry Fitzgerald Barry Fitzgerald (born William Joseph Shields; 10 March 1888 – 14 January 1961) was an Irish stage, film and television actor. In a career spanning almost forty years, he appeared in such notable films as \"Bringing Up Baby\" (1938), \"The Long Voyage Home\" (1940), \"How Green Was My Valley\" (1941), \"None but the Lonely Heart\" (1944) and \"The Quiet Man\" (1952). For \"Going My Way\" (1944), he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and was simultaneously nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor. Fitzgerald was born William Joseph Shields in Walworth Road, Portobello, Dublin, Ireland,",
"title": "Barry Fitzgerald"
},
{
"id": "8120017",
"text": "in 1998. He subsequently appeared in several television roles, notably portraying Casey Hughes in the CBS daytime soap opera \"As the World Turns\" (1999–2004). In 2006, Cross played the young Augusten Burroughs in \"Running with Scissors\", a drama also featuring Annette Bening and Evan Rachel Wood, and appeared as real-life Marine Franklin Sousley in the big-budget \"Flags of Our Fathers\", a Clint Eastwood-directed war film. Cross has said that he enjoyed the transition from appearing in \"Running with Scissors\", which he has described as \"very character driven and smaller\" to the high-profile \"epic\" \"Flags of Our Fathers\". \"Running with Scissors\"",
"title": "Joseph Cross (actor)"
},
{
"id": "7254851",
"text": "Suzanne Cryer Suzanne Rossell Cryer (born January 13, 1967) is an American actress known for her roles as Ashley on the ABC sitcom \"Two Guys and a Girl\" and as Laurie Bream on the HBO original series, \"Silicon Valley\". Cryer has also performed on Broadway. Cryer was born in Rochester, New York. She graduated from Greenwich High School in Greenwich, Connecticut in 1984 and then attended Yale University where she attained a degree in English Literature. She then went on to study for a master's degree from the Yale School of Drama. During this time she spent a summer performing",
"title": "Suzanne Cryer"
},
{
"id": "5021509",
"text": "Their second son was born in June 2017. Joseph Gordon-Levitt Joseph Leonard Gordon-Levitt (; born February 17, 1981) is an American actor, filmmaker, singer, and entrepreneur. As a child, Gordon-Levitt appeared in the films \"A River Runs Through It\", \"Angels in the Outfield\", \"Holy Matrimony\" and \"10 Things I Hate About You\", and as Tommy Solomon in the TV series \"3rd Rock from the Sun\". He took a break from acting to study at Columbia University, but dropped out in 2004 to pursue acting again. He has since starred in \"(500) Days of Summer\", \"Inception\", \"Hesher\", \"50/50\", \"Premium Rush\", \"Miracle",
"title": "Joseph Gordon-Levitt"
},
{
"id": "9544871",
"text": "\"Altar Boyz\" in 2004. In 2006, he temporarily took over the role of Casey Hughes in the soap opera \"As the World Turns\", a role originally performed by Zach Roerig. Porter also played the role of Colin Thompson, the more visible part of the duo that fronts the fictional band PoP!, in the movie \"Music and Lyrics\" (2007). Porter also played the character Rex in the film \"Speed Racer\" (2008), which was directed and written by the Wachowskis. He played Bobby in the remake of \"Prom Night\" and Ben Wheatly in \"Bandslam\", released in August 2009. In the latter film,",
"title": "Scott Porter"
},
{
"id": "5021493",
"text": "Joseph Gordon-Levitt Joseph Leonard Gordon-Levitt (; born February 17, 1981) is an American actor, filmmaker, singer, and entrepreneur. As a child, Gordon-Levitt appeared in the films \"A River Runs Through It\", \"Angels in the Outfield\", \"Holy Matrimony\" and \"10 Things I Hate About You\", and as Tommy Solomon in the TV series \"3rd Rock from the Sun\". He took a break from acting to study at Columbia University, but dropped out in 2004 to pursue acting again. He has since starred in \"(500) Days of Summer\", \"Inception\", \"Hesher\", \"50/50\", \"Premium Rush\", \"Miracle at St. Anna, The Brothers Bloom,\" \"The Dark",
"title": "Joseph Gordon-Levitt"
},
{
"id": "6674897",
"text": "appeared alongside Casey Affleck in the crime–drama heist film, \"Triple 9\" (2016), directed by John Hillcoat. It was released nationwide on 26 February 2016. It was met with mixed reviews and failed to impress at the box office. Metacritic gives the film a score of 52 out of 100, based on 41 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of \"C+\" on an A+ to F scale. Also that year, she portrayed Rebecca in the horror film \"Lights Out\", and co-starred in the war drama \"Hacksaw Ridge\", playing the love interest of",
"title": "Teresa Palmer"
},
{
"id": "13123222",
"text": "of Confederate cavalry officer John Singleton Mosby. He appeared in 1957 and 1958 on CBS's \"Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre\" in the episodes \"No Man Living\" and \"The Accuser\". In 1957, he guest starred as Jared Martin (also the name of a subsequent actor) in the episode \"Show of Force\" on CBS's \"Have Gun – Will Travel\" starring Richard Boone. He further appeared as the character Frank Russell in the episode \"Girl in the Cab\" of the syndicated \"Casey Jones\", starring Alan Hale, Jr., in the title role of railroad engineer John Luther \"Casey\" Jones. Conway was cast in two",
"title": "Russ Conway (actor)"
},
{
"id": "524234",
"text": "film \"Blood Shot\". He also acted in the French TV series \"La source.\" In 2014, he played in the film \"Electric Slide\", starring Jim Sturgess, an American biographical crime drama about the Los Angeles-based bank robber Eddie Dodson. His co-stars included Isabel Lucas, Patricia Arquette and Chloe Sevigny. In 2015 he co-starred in Claude Lelouch's \"Un plus une\", a French romantic comedy film starring Jean Dujardin, Elsa Zylberstein and Alice Pol. He also co-starred in the film \"10 Days in a Madhouse\", a 2015 American biographical film about the experiences of undercover journalist Nellie Bly. In 2016 he co-starred in",
"title": "Christopher Lambert"
},
{
"id": "1967969",
"text": "John Ford John Ford (February 1, 1894 – August 31, 1973) was an American film director. He is renowned both for Westerns such as \"Stagecoach\" (1939), \"The Searchers\" (1956), and \"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\" (1962), as well as adaptations of classic 20th-century American novels such as the film \"The Grapes of Wrath\" (1940). His four Academy Awards for Best Director (in 1935, 1940, 1941, and 1952) remain a record. One of the films for which he won the award, \"How Green Was My Valley\", also won Best Picture. In a career that spanned more than 50 years, Ford",
"title": "John Ford"
}
] | who plays casey in ten days in the valley |
|
| [
{
"id": "3694816",
"text": "Limited, King Ranch and Platinum. The Limited added Sony's Premium Audio System as a standard. In June 2016, Ford began selling the 2017 model year Expedition, with no major changes being made and continued to be offered in XLT, Limited, King Ranch, and Platinum level trims. This is the final year of the third generation Expedition and Expedition EL (U324) and (U354) The fourth-generation Expedition, known internally at Ford Motor Company as the \"U553\", was unveiled on February 7, 2017 at the Dallas Cowboys training facility, Ford Center in Frisco, Texas, ahead of its Chicago Auto Show debut. Production of",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694757",
"text": "and new for 2011 XLT Premium that replaced the Eddie Bauer trim (1997–2010) which was phased out from the entire Ford vehicle lineup. As of 2010, over 1,545,241 Expeditions (both standard and EL/Max) have been sold. A modified \"Special Service Vehicle\" version is available for law enforcement agencies, fire departments, and emergency medical services. The Ford Expedition is also known for being one of the longest-lasting vehicles on the road. With 5% of vehicles over 200K miles, it landed the #4 spot in a 2016 study by iSeeCars.com listing the top 10 longest-lasting vehicles. The Expedition is also the last",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694873",
"text": "in the United States (Mexico received a short 2006 production run). For the 2007 model year, the Excursion was largely replaced as Ford introduced an extended-length version of the Ford Expedition (Expedition EL in United States; Expedition Max in Canada/Mexico), although it is only a Class 1 SUV. All Excursions were assembled at the Kentucky Truck Plant in Louisville, Kentucky; the last vehicle was produced September 30, 2005. For 1978, Ford entered the full-size SUV segment with the second-generation Ford Bronco, derived from the Ford F-100. Competing against the Chevrolet K5 Blazer/GMC Jimmy instead of the Chevrolet Suburban, the Bronco",
"title": "Ford Excursion"
},
{
"id": "3694797",
"text": "in December of that same year. In January 2009 production of the Expedition was relocated to the Kentucky Truck Assembly in Louisville along with its sister SUV, the Lincoln Navigator, and the Ford F-Series Super Duty. That plant used to build the Ford Excursion until 2005. Expedition's 6-speed 6R75 automatic was replaced by an improved version, the 6-speed 6R80 automatic. 6R80 features more robust internals, new software logic and a tow/haul mode (replaces the overdrive lock-out) that utilizes new uphill/downhill gradient shift logic for improved performance while towing or hauling heavy loads. The 6-speed automatic can compensate for altitude, grade/slope",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694852",
"text": "2015 refresh, the standard size Expedition became exclusive to the United States, Canada, Mexico, Republic of China (Taiwan), and the Middle East. The US and Canadian Expeditions are available in XLT, Limited, King Ranch and Platinum, while The Mexican Expedition offers the XLT, Limited, and King Ranch trims. The Middle East Expeditions are offered in XL, XLT, Limited, King Ranch, and in Platinum (RWD only) trims. With the introduction of the fourth generation Expedition, Ford will make the SUV available to North America in the Fall of 2017 first, followed by a global launch in early 2018, where it will",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694755",
"text": "sold since 2007, the latter functionally serves as the replacement for the Ford Excursion. Since 1997, the Lincoln division has marketed the Ford Expedition as the Lincoln Navigator, the first full-size SUV sold by a luxury auto brand in North America (the Expedition was never sold as a Mercury). The third Ford vehicle to use the Expedition nameplate, the full-size SUV follows a 1992 F-150 Eddie Bauer concept vehicle and a 1995 trim level package on the two-door Ford Explorer Sport. Prior to 2009, the Ford Expedition was assembled at the Michigan Assembly Plant in Wayne, Michigan (previously home to",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694807",
"text": "refresh of the Expedition (U324) and Expedition EL (U354), dubbed the U3242 and U3542 respectively, for the 2015 model year. The \"2\" signifying the second phase of the U324 and U354. The debut was at the Dallas-Fort Worth Auto Show on February 19, 2014; because Texas (especially Dallas and Houston) is an important market. Despite a 27% drop in sales since 2008, Ford is committed to continuing producing the Expeditions. Ford started production on the updated Expedition (and Expedition EL, which will continue to compete with the Suburban and Yukon XL) around the first quarter of 2014 and placed the",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694872",
"text": "Ford Excursion The Ford Excursion is a heavy duty (Class 2), extended-length sport utility vehicle that was produced by Ford from 1999 to 2005, launched for 2000 in the North American market. The longest and heaviest SUV ever to enter mass production, the Excursion was based upon the Ford F-250 Super Duty pickup truck. A -ton () chassis vehicle, the Ford Excursion was designed as a competitor for the 2500-series (also -ton) Chevrolet Suburban and GMC Yukon XL. Due to criticism of its large size, poor fuel economy, and declining sales, the Excursion was discontinued after the 2005 model year",
"title": "Ford Excursion"
},
{
"id": "3694871",
"text": "Tahoe), off-road performance, and its MPG estimate. The 2018 Expedition also ranked first among large SUVs with a score of 9.3 from U.S. News and World Report. The fourth generation Ford Expedition was nominated at the 2018 North American International Auto Show in the Truck of the Year category, only to lose out to its co-branded cousin Lincoln Navigator. The Expedition was runner-up. Ford Expedition The Ford Expedition is a Full-size SUV manufactured by Ford. Introduced for the 1997 model year as the successor of the Ford Bronco, the Expedition was the first full-size Ford SUV sold with a four-door",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694754",
"text": "Ford Expedition The Ford Expedition is a Full-size SUV manufactured by Ford. Introduced for the 1997 model year as the successor of the Ford Bronco, the Expedition was the first full-size Ford SUV sold with a four-door body. For its entire production life, the Ford Expedition has been derived from the corresponding generation of the Ford F-150 in production, sharing some body and mechanical components. The fourth-generation Ford Expedition began production for the 2018 model year. Similar to the configuration of the Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban, the Ford Expedition is sold in regular and extended lengths (the Ford Expedition EL/Max);",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694756",
"text": "the Ford Bronco)., After 2009, the Ford Expedition was moved to the Kentucky Truck Plant in Louisville, Kentucky. The Expedition offered up to nine-passenger seating in model years before 2009 (with a front bench seat option in the first row); 2009–present has bucket seats in the first row and seats eight passengers. It is equipped with a V8 engine. It is similar to the Lincoln Navigator, especially in \"Limited\" (2005–present) or \"King Ranch\" (2005–2017) high-end trims; both of which were introduced for the 2005 model year. With the 2011 model year, the base model was designated XL, an upgraded XLT,",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694848",
"text": "the 2007–2010 model year. For 2011, the Eddie Bauer trim was replaced by XLT and XLT Premium, with XL becoming the new base trim level. After 2012, all versions of the XL trim were dropped. For 2015, the EL/Max received the same facelift and upgrades as the standard-length Expedition. Alongside the standard-length Expedition, the EL/Max also received a 5-star rating from the NHTSA. The Expedition EL was also ranked 9th among the top 15 \"Best Family Haulers\", according to a June 2009 consumers favorite survey conducted by Edmunds. On February 7, 2017, Ford announced that the Expedition EL will now",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694853",
"text": "go on sale in selected countries. For the Expedition EL/Max, all six versions (XL, XLT/Eddie Bauer, XLT Platinum/Sport, Limited, King Ranch and Platinum) are available in the United States. From the 2007 to 2010 model years, The EL/Max level trims were limited to only 3 versions for Canada, Republic of China (Taiwan), and The Middle East, two for Mexico, and one for the Philippines. Canada's Expedition Max offered the Eddie Bauer, Limited and King Ranch trims, Mexico's Expedition Max in Limited and King Ranch trims, and the Middle East's EL level trims in XLT, Eddie Bauer and Limited. The Philippines'",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694854",
"text": "lone Expedition EL level trim was the Eddie Bauer model from 2007 to 2010. After the 2011 model year Ford made changes in the international exportation of the EL/Max trims. As a result of the changes, the Limited trim became the only version available in Canada and Mexico as Eddie Bauer (in Canada) and King Ranch trims (in both Canada and Mexico) were discontinued, while the Philippines and the Middle East replaced the Eddie Bauer with the XLT trim. The Middle East also started to get all of the 5 US level base trims, including the new XL trims that",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694766",
"text": "wheels and upgraded leather seating. No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. Last year model for the UN93. This was also the last model year for XLT No Boundaries and Eddie Bauer Premier trims. The redesigned second-generation Expedition was developed under the U222 program code name from 1996 to 2002, under Ford chief vehicle engineer Steve von Foerster and chief program engineer John Krafcik from 1998 to 2002. Design work began in 1997, with a proposal by Tyler Blake being chosen by management and frozen for production in 1999. UN93-body mules were spotted testing in 2000, with full prototypes running from",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694855",
"text": "took the XLT's place and the King Ranch trim. With the 2015 refresh, the Expedition EL US level trims are the same as the standard versions: XLT, Limited, King Ranch, and Platinum, all four available in rear wheel and four wheel drive. The Canadian Expedition Max are only featured in Limited and Platinum level trims, also available in RWD and 4WD. Mexico's Expedition Max are available in rear wheel drive XLT only, but available in RWD and 4WD Limited versions. The Philippines, Republic of China (Taiwan), and Middle East ELs are only available in 4WD Limited trims. With the introduction",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694802",
"text": "bucket seats. No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. For the 2010 model year optional packages have now been renamed (to Rapid Specificated Order Codes) and upgraded (100s for XLT, 200s for Eddie Bauer, 300s for Limited, 400s for King Ranch) for the newer models. It has also announced that the 2010 models will now feature Ford's MyKey and trailer sway control as a standard on all trims. The 2010 models were ranked 6th among the top 11 affordable large size SUVs in \"US News & World Report. A diesel version for the 2010 model year did not get past the",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694792",
"text": "To further reduce outside noise intrusion for quieter, more isolated ride comfort, new SoundScreen laminated acoustic and solar tinted windshield was added with thicker laminated side window glass. The new SUV was unveiled at the Houston Auto Show rather than at the North American International Auto Show, the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show, or the New York International Auto Show where most new models are, as 20 percent of all Expedition sales are in Texas. The third generation Expedition went on sale in August 2006. The first 2007 Expedition to roll off a Ford assembly line was donated by Ford",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694758",
"text": "current Ford vehicle to retain its classic older look from the late 1990s and early-mid 2000s Ford vehicles with its triangular-styled taillamps and rounded-rectangular shaped headlamps along with the overall boxy shape of the body. Known internally at Ford as the UN93, the first generation Expedition was developed under the UN93 program from 1993 to 1996, headed by chief engineer Dale Claudepierre at a cost of $1.3 billion USD. Initial planning began in 1991 parallel to PN96 F-Series development, prior to the UN93 program fully being approved in 1993. Styling approval was completed in early 1993 (3 1/2 years ahead",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694808",
"text": "2015 models in dealerships in July 2014. Ford announced that the three level trims, XLT, Limited, and King Ranch, will continue to be offered along with a new top of the line Platinum trim. On September 12, 2013, (which was the same day that GM unveiled their next generation SUVs), Automobile Magazine posted a spy shot of the 2015 Expedition, which showed a repositioned tailpipe, and a more upright front fascia which bore a taller, wider grille that appeared inspired by the F-150 and Ford F-Series Super Duty trucks. Official photos released on February 18, 2014 revealed an all-new aggressive",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694793",
"text": "to the Peter family of Jamaica, Queens, New York as part of an episode of the American Broadcasting Company series \"\" that aired May 7, 2006. In late 2014, the third generation standard wheelbase U324 Expedition and long-wheelbase U354 Expedition EL/Max underwent a cosmetic and mechanical refresh for the 2015 model year. Standard features include 6 speed Automatic transmission, 3.5L EcoBoost V6 gasoline engine with Ti-VCT, and 2 wheel drive using the rear wheels. Available features include: Extended-Length version, 4 wheel drive, Premium Audiophile sound system with in dash six-disc CD changer, rear subwoofer, MP3 device and iPod connectivity, SIRIUS",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694827",
"text": "fourth generation Expedition will only be available in four level trims as the King Ranch trim (from 2005–2017) was discontinued after the 2017 model year. The three primary trims, XLT, Limited, and the top-of-the-line Platinum, will be available to regular customers, while the fourth trim, XL, will only be exclusive to rental companies, corporate fleets, and government agencies, as they will not have a lot of the features as the aforementioned three trims. The Expedition will still retain its unique (standard) eight passenger seating on all trims like before, with optional seven passenger seating. The MSRP has been listed by",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694759",
"text": "of 1996 production) under design chief Bob Aikins, with the UN93 design being frozen by September 1993, at 34 months prior to July 1996 production commencement. The all-new full-size SUV was unveiled on May 9, 1996 and launched on October 2, 1996 as a 1997 model. It replaced the aging two-door Ford Bronco. The \"XLT\" was the base model. The Expedition featured optional three row seating, first row captains chair seating, available second row captains chair seating, leather seating surfaces, illuminated running boards, heated side view mirrors, power moon roof, dual zone climate control and Ford's Mach audio sound system",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694874",
"text": "remained strictly a two-door vehicle. For the 1991 model year, the mid-size Ford Explorer replaced the compact Ford Bronco II, becoming the first four-door Ford SUV. Following the decline in demand of two-door SUVs, for the 1997 model year, the Bronco was repackaged as a four-door SUV, becoming the Ford Expedition, slotted roughly between the Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban in size. From 1987 to 1996, a Ford competitor to the Chevrolet Suburban was produced by Centurion Vehicles, an aftermarket converter specializing in Ford trucks based in White Pigeon, Michigan. Called the Centurion Classic, the range of vehicles were four-door SUVs,",
"title": "Ford Excursion"
},
{
"id": "3694796",
"text": "mirror's picture-in-mirror technology to display what it sees. Expedition \"King Ranch\" was also reintroduced after being absent from the 2007 model year trim line-up. Expedition \"XLT\" models now get body colored lower body work, replacing the previous black plastic trim and was the Last Ford Model Year for the nine-passenger Front Bench seating option in the Ford Full-Size SUV's from Ford Motor Company (Ford discontinued the 9-passenger Front Bench Seating Option for 2009 and Forward on the old Ford Full-Size SUVs 2009–present) In July 2008, Ford's Wayne, Michigan plant started production of the 2009 models until finishing the plants run",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694849",
"text": "take the name Expedition MAX (Max is now stylized with all capitals as MAX) nameplate as the rest of the world when the fourth generation models debut in November 2017 for the 2018 model year (in actuality, the MAX is a second generation SUV). Like the standard size Expedition, this was also unveiled ahead of the Chicago Auto Show and will carry the same features and the three featured trims, XLT, Limited, and Platinum. It also expanded its length size by one inch to allow more space and legroom in the third seat row. Although the rear passenger doors were",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694767",
"text": "late 2000. The new Expedition was unveiled at the 2002 North American International Auto Show, in January. It was launched in May 2002 for the 2003 model year and featured a new four-wheel independent long-travel suspension system, becoming the first full-size sport utility vehicle to use a fully independent suspension. The new independent rear suspension (IRS) was perceived as being controversial by some at the time of its introduction. A misconception was that the Expedition's towing and off-road capabilities would be reduced, in comparison to the previous generation's rear live axle. Nevertheless, underbody obstacle clearance improved by half an inch,",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694851",
"text": "for the Limited level trims, making this more expensive than the Suburban but on par with the Yukon XL in terms of pricing. The standard size Expedition are sold in the United States, Canada, Mexico, the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, the CNMI, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam, Republic of China Taiwan, the Philippines, the Middle East, Central America, the Caribbean, South America (except Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela), Asia (Cambodia, Laos, Mongolia and South Korea), Africa (Algeria, Angola, Cape Verde, Egypt, Gabon, Ghana, Libya, Madagascar, Morocco, Nigeria and Senegal), and Central Asia (Armenia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan). After the",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694882",
"text": "the interior was directly sourced from the F-250, with the addition of third-row seating (accommodating up to nine). For 2002, the dashboard was revised with the addition of a digital odometer. The Excursion adopted the trim nomenclature adopted across Ford light trucks in North America. The base trim was XL (marketed nearly exclusively for fleet sales), XLT (standard trim in retail markets), and Limited (highest trim line). For 2003, the Excursion introduced an Eddie Bauer trim package (seen on other Ford SUVs and the Ford F-Series). XLT: Included three rows of seating, leather-wrapped steering wheel with speed control, a security",
"title": "Ford Excursion"
},
{
"id": "3694847",
"text": "offered with a single powertrain; the 5.4L Triton V8 was standard from 2007 to 2014, replaced by the twin-turbocharged 3.5L EcoBoost V6 for 2015 to 2017. The EL/Max is also sold with both rear-wheel and four-wheel drive configurations. The larger overall size restricted towing capacity by approximately 300 pounds, to (for 2WD) and (for 4WD) over a standard-wheelbase example. Over its first-generation, the EL/Max shared its features with the standard-length Expedition; for 2012 model, a cargo organizer became an exclusive feature. The Expedition EL was introduced in 4 trim lines: XLT, Eddie Bauer, Limited, and the King Ranch series during",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694783",
"text": "driver's-side doorjamb. For 2006 model Expeditions, the 4R75E transmission is designated by the letter \"Q\". No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. Last year model for the U222. The Gentex auto dimming rear view mirrors were updated. Two new exterior colors were added later on within the model year. They were Pewter metallic and Dark Copper metallic. Medium Flint grey interior was also added to Limited models later on within the model year. Chrome tipped exhaust was made standard on King Ranch models. 2006 would be the last year model for the NBX trim. The ultrasonic rear park assist and SafetyCanopy",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "5011366",
"text": "Ford T platform The Ford T platform is Ford Motor Company's large SUV automobile platform. It is based on the P platform used in the company's pickup trucks. It is available in rear wheel drive and all wheel drive with V8 engines. The T1 platform debuted in 2006 with the 2007 model year Ford Expedition. For the 2007 model year, the Lincoln Navigator moved to the T1 as well. Applications: The T3 is Ford's new platform, which began production in September 2017, starting with the 2018 model year SUVs. The fourth generation Expedition, Expedition Max (formerly Expedition EL), Navigator and",
"title": "Ford T platform"
},
{
"id": "3694883",
"text": "system, keyless entry, 16\" chrome steel rims or optional alloy rims, trailer towing, and an AM/FM radio with cassette and single-disc CD player with six premium speakers, and air conditioning. Limited: Included same features as XLT, but adds a power driver's seat, rear audio controls, illuminated running boards, 16\" alloy rims, front-speed sensitive windshield wipers, five power points, ten cupholders, heated front seats, leather seats, and an optional rear entertainment system with DVD player. The Excursion was introduced in late 1999 as a 2000 model-year vehicle. It was described by Popular Science as the \"biggest sport utility on the planet.\"",
"title": "Ford Excursion"
},
{
"id": "3694876",
"text": "the Suburban (and later Ford Excursion), the Classic C350 was produced on a one-ton chassis (instead of a ¾-ton chassis). In line with the corresponding F-150 and F-350, the C-150 offered a 5.0L and 5.8L V8; the C350 offered a 7.5L gasoline V8 and a 7.3L diesel V8 (IDI, later Powerstroke). On both versions, rear-wheel drive and four-wheel drive drivetrain configurations were offered. After the 1996 model year, the Centurion Classic ended production as Ford introduced the four-door Ford Expedition to replace the Bronco. Closer in size and function to the Centurion Classic C350, the Ford Excursion was introduced for",
"title": "Ford Excursion"
},
{
"id": "3694817",
"text": "the new Expedition started on September 25, 2017. The vehicles arrived at dealerships in November 2017. The all-new Expedition was developed in secret under the U553 program codename and features body-on-frame (BOF) architecture with high-strength lightweight material construction consisting of boron steel and aluminium. The four-door body is constructed from alumimium-alloy, while the frame is constructed from boron steel. The U553 will move to the all-new half-ton hydroformed T3 platform (chassis), which is a modified version of the half-ton platform underpinning the P552 2015 Ford F-150. The T3 platform will use a new four-wheel independent suspension system design. Updated powertrain",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694884",
"text": "Sales were initially good, peaking in the 2000 model year with over 50,000 sales. As the energy crisis of the 2000s began and fuel prices rose, sales declined. The Excursion's large size and poor fuel economy led to it being dubbed the \"Ford Valdez\" by The Sierra Club, in reference to the Exxon Valdez supertanker, and in 2007 TIME Magazine selected it as one of the \"Fifty Worst Cars of All Time\". From 1998 to 2012, a second-party SUV conversion of the Ford F-250 was sold in Brazil. Similar in design and layout to the Excursion, the F-250 Tropivan differed",
"title": "Ford Excursion"
},
{
"id": "2839508",
"text": "package for 1999). In contrast to five-door Explorers, second-generation three-door Ford Explorers shifted to a separate trim nomenclature. While the XL remained the base model (largely for fleets), most examples were produced under a single Sport trim level. In 1995, the Expedition trim was introduced; roughly the 3-door equivalent of the Eddie Bauer, the trim was discontinued at the end of the model year as Ford reserved the name for the Ford Expedition full-size SUV (which entered production in mid-1996). For 1998, the Explorer Sport became the sole version of the three-door; following the introduction of the third-generation Explorer, the",
"title": "Ford Explorer"
},
{
"id": "3694879",
"text": "V8 was standard, with the 6.8L V10 as an option. As a running change during the 2003 model year, the Navistar-sourced Powerstroke diesel V8 was changed from the 7.3L V8 to the 6.0L V8. The 4-speed 4R100 automatic was standard with the Triton engines and the 7.3L diesel; a 5R110W 5-speed automatic was paired with the 6.0L diesel. Although using the 3/4 ton chassis of the F-250, the Excursion was rated with a GVWR of when equipped with gasoline engines, and with equipped with diesel engines. As its GVWR was above 8,500 lbs, the Excursion was exempt from EPA fuel",
"title": "Ford Excursion"
},
{
"id": "3694868",
"text": "To compete with large police SUVs that are sold by other automobile companies, primarily the Chevrolet Suburban, Ford has made a special version of the Expedition available to law enforcement agencies, fire departments, and EMS agencies. Ford calls it the Expedition Special Service Vehicle (SSV). The only differences between the standard Expedition and the Special Service Vehicle Expedition are provisions for emergency services related equipment such as radios, lightbars, and sirens. With the fourth generation Expedition (2018–present) debuting in 2017, Ford announced that the standard size version will be sold to government agencies and law enforcement, available in the lower",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694805",
"text": "Ranch trims. Updates made to the 2013 models (which went on sale in August 2012) included the TowCommand trailer brake controller system that is bundled with the heavy-duty trailer towing package, a new internal shift control module which allows the six-speed automatic transmission to tailor shifts to engine demand, 10 equipment levels, three new colors (Blue Jeans Metallic, Kodiak Brown Metallic and Ruby Red Metallic Tinted Clearcoat), and a new 20-inch chrome-clad aluminum wheels that was available on both the \"Limited\" and \"King Ranch\" trims. The latter trim also featured chrome roof racks and side mirrors. Another notable change can",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694799",
"text": "any combination of the two, and the newly installed EasyFuel capless fuel-filler system. The 5.4 liter V8/FlexFuel feature also upgraded its power to , while the torque rating stayed the same at . The 2009 model year also boosted its maximum towing capacity to for the 4x2 version, and up to for the 4x4 version. The new entertainment features added to the 2009 model year included the optional Ford SYNC, and an all-new DVD-based voice-activated, multi-entertainment/navigational system with liquid crystal touch display. The rearview camera system is now integrated to show the video feed through the navigation screen instead for",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694856",
"text": "of the Expedition Max for the 2018 model year as the successor to the first generation Expedition EL, Ford plans to make the vehicle available globally, with North America in late 2017 and selected countries in early 2018. Selectable automatic full-time Control Trac four-wheel drive designed by BorgWarner is standard on all 4x4 Expeditions. There are four modes: Two High mode, Auto mode, Four High mode and Four Low mode. Each mode can be selected via a rotary control dial on the dash. The Expedition's system uses a two-speed dual range BorgWarner transfer case with a software controlled variable intelligent",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "4315724",
"text": "withdrawn from the Ford light-truck model line following declining demand for two-door SUVs. For the 1997 model year, Ford replaced the Bronco with the Ford Expedition, a four-door SUV based on the F-150 (the later Ford Excursion was based on the Ford F-250 Super Duty). From 1965 to 1996, Broncos were produced at Ford's Michigan Truck Plant in Wayne, Michigan. In 2017, Ford announced the reintroduction of the Ford Bronco as a mid-size SUV (derived from the Ford Ranger) as a 2020 model; manufacturing is to return to Michigan Assembly. The idea behind the Bronco began with Ford product manager",
"title": "Ford Bronco"
},
{
"id": "3694812",
"text": "was added and the four-wheel drive mode selector (for models with 4x4) was revised and repositioned. The TowCommand paddle controls was repositioned over the four-wheel drive mode selector, to make way for revised audio and climate controls on the center stack. The new features for 2015 included an optional, revised four-wheel independent suspension system with intelligent continuously-controlled damping (CCD) system that alters suspension settings constantly based on 46 parameters and offers comfort, normal, and sport modes. Expedition is the first Ford vehicle in North America to have continuously-controlled damping. Other new optional features includes blind-spot information system (BLIS) with cross-traffic",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "2839486",
"text": "Ford Explorer The Ford Explorer is a range of SUVs manufactured by Ford Motor Company. Introduced in 1990 for the 1991 model year, it is currently in its fifth generation. Variants have also been marketed through the Lincoln-Mercury Division as the Mercury Mountaineer (1996-2010) and Lincoln Aviator (2002-2005). As with the Ford Ranger, it derives its name from a trim package used on the Ford F-Series (1968 to 1986). Alongside it, Ford also markets the Ford Police Interceptor Utility, a replacement for the Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor. A specially modified \"Special Service Vehicle\" version is also available from Ford",
"title": "Ford Explorer"
},
{
"id": "2839540",
"text": "the Ford Explorer, but it eventually became its own model. It rode on a 10\" shorter wheelbase. There was only one Sport, but there were several other trim levels of the Explorer that were available with 2-doors, such as the XL (1991–1997), the Eddie Bauer (1991–1994), and the Expedition (1995). In 1997, the 1998 Explorer Sport became the only 3-door trim level of the Explorer, and in 2001 it became its own model, as the second generation Explorer moved on to a 5-door-only 3rd generation in January 2001. Production ceased in July 2003. The Explorer Sport returned to the Fifth",
"title": "Ford Explorer"
},
{
"id": "5210185",
"text": "Chevrolet Suburban (and its Cadillac/GMC/Holden counterparts) and the International Harvester Travelall, the Ford Excursion was the longest non-limousine sport-utility vehicle ever sold. The Excursion was available in three trim packages, XLT, Limited, and top-of-the-line Eddie Bauer. It could be had in two or four wheel drive and with three engine options, the 5.4L V8, 6.8L V10 or the Powerstroke V8 Turbodiesel. The Excursion was only available with an automatic transmission. While the Excursion was largely sold in North America and Mexico, a similar vehicle was sold in Brazil from 1998 to 2012 as a second-party conversion of the Ford F-250",
"title": "Ford Super Duty"
},
{
"id": "4315756",
"text": "Bronco enthusiast Jeff Trapp’s 1970 halfcab during a drive-off ceremony. The model line was ended to make room for the automaker’s newest addition to the lineup at the time, its replacement, the Ford Expedition. The Expedition offered four doors and was introduced to compete with General Motors' Chevrolet Tahoe, GMC Yukon, and larger Chevrolet Suburban and GMC Yukon XL models. For the 2021 model year, the Bronco returns to the Ford light-truck lineup, assembled alongside the Ford Ranger. After a 24-year hiatus, the Ford Bronco is making a return to the Ford light-truck product line. Derived from the Ford F-Series",
"title": "Ford Bronco"
},
{
"id": "3694763",
"text": "major cosmetic or mechanical changes. A new exterior color was added: Wedgewood Blue. Limited availability for 4.6 Windsor versus Romeo engine. This limited run was available only for Ultimate Tow Package The 1999 model year received a facelift similar to that of the 1999 model year Ford F-150. Included in the update was a new front grille which now dropped lower in the center, grille work, as well as a new front bumper that incorporated the fog lamps into the lower valance and larger center air intake. Both the 4.6 liter and 5.4 liter V8 engines received updates including more",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694842",
"text": "an off-road package Expedition FX4 will become available starting with the 2018 model year, with an announced MSRP at around $63,000 (US). This option, available to 4WD XLT level trims only and targeted towards the 20% of Expedition owners who use the vehicle for off-road purposes, is expected to compete with the Chevrolet Suburban and Tahoe Z71 package in both standard and MAX versions. Among the detailed features are patented electronic locking limited-slip rear differential, Off-road-tuned shocks, All-terrain tires, Seven different skid plates that serve as underbody armor and protect critical areas, Unique 18-inch Magnetic Metallic-painted cast-aluminum wheels, Chrome running",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "2839489",
"text": "the model was given a body-on-frame chassis distinct from the Ranger. For the fifth-generation 2011 Explorer, the model range was shifted to unibody construction and into the full-size segment. Though sharing a similar chassis as the Ford Flex and Ford Taurus, Ford officially markets the current Ford Explorer as an SUV, slotted between the unibody-chassis Ford Escape and body-on-frame Ford Expedition. The Ford Explorer was introduced in March 1990 for the 1991 model year. To better compete against the Chevrolet S-10 Blazer and Jeep Cherokee mid-size sport-utility vehicles, Ford sought to replace the Ford Bronco II with a vehicle sized",
"title": "Ford Explorer"
},
{
"id": "3694815",
"text": "of gravity positioned at 28.5 inches. Expedition \"Platinum\" averaged 39.2 mph in a 610 ft slalom run and pulled 0.78g in roadholding skidpad testing. High speed emergency braking from 70 mph to 0 (full stop) was completed in 170 ft. In comparison, the Expedition's main rival took a full 10 feet longer, completing the same emergency brake test in 180 ft. For the 2016 model year, most of the features that were introduced from 2015 were carried over. However, the Expedition began adding Ford's upgraded enhanced SYNC3 to its trims, as an optional feature on the XLT and standard on",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694887",
"text": "\"wagon\" bodywork of the Excursion to Ford F-650 Super Duty medium-duty truck chassis (in various configurations); the practice is similar to the creation of the Centurion Classic C350. Using the chassis of the first-generation Ford SVT Raptor, the Hennessey VelociRaptor SUV mated the rear upper body panels of the Excursion with the four-door Raptor to create a SUV. Ford Excursion The Ford Excursion is a heavy duty (Class 2), extended-length sport utility vehicle that was produced by Ford from 1999 to 2005, launched for 2000 in the North American market. The longest and heaviest SUV ever to enter mass production,",
"title": "Ford Excursion"
},
{
"id": "3694780",
"text": "Body colored running boards had previously been offered on the first-generation Expedition from 2000 to 2002. No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. The Expedition \"Eddie Bauer Premier\" model is reintroduced after being absent from the 2003 model trim line-up. Monochromatic paint work with blacked-out headlamps and special alloy wheels were standard on Eddie Bauer Premier versions. A new Expedition \"XLT Sport\" model is added with Dark Shadow grey exterior body trim. The \"FX4\" trim level was renamed \"NBX\". Expedition received new roof rails which replaced the traditional sliding cross-bar roof racks. A new high end \"Limited\" trim level replaced the",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694806",
"text": "be found on the driver's instrumental panel, with the temperature and fuel gauge trading sides. No major cosmetic changes. Only three trims, XLT, Limited and King Ranch are offered. The Sirius XM with Navlink and HD radio is added to the XLT as an optional feature. A new, quieter, mechanical Nivomat adaptive hydraulic load-leveling suspension system is available, in place of the adaptive pneumatic air-ride load-leveling suspension. When properly equipped the Expedition continues to offer top-end towing capability with a braked trailer towing capacity of 9,200 lbs (4,173 kg or 4.6 tons). On February 18, 2014, Ford introduced a mid-cycle",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694844",
"text": "of torque at 5,000 rpm in the Platinum trim. It’s backed up by a gasoline direct injection fuel delivery system with a single, stainless steel exhaust. The drive ratio is 3.15 on a standard 4x2; 3.31 on standard 4x4 and 4x2 MAX; and 3.73 on a 4x4 MAX. The engine’s compression ratio is 10:5:1. As part of the shift to the T1 platform for the 2007 model year, Ford developed an extended-length version of the Expedition, to more closely match the Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Yukon in size. Introduced as the \"Ford Expedition EL\" (EL=extended length alongside the Lincoln Navigator L, the",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694841",
"text": "running boards, polished alloy wheels, chrome brightwork, and platinum satin-finished mesh grillwork. Expedition Platinums will also feature a specific performance tuned version of the 3.5 liter EcoBoost V-6 with 400 horsepower and 480 lb-ft of torque mated to the 10-speed 10R80 SelectShift automatic transmission. Both the Expedition and long-wheelbase Expedition MAX will be available with the Platinum treatment, and will be the most expensive level trim, with a MSRP of $73,900 (US) for standard and $76,000 (US) for the MAX version, with the 4WD option topping off on the latter at $79,000 (US). On June 16, 2017, Ford announced that",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694870",
"text": "interior on top of Expedition \"Limited\" standard equipment. The FMF Expedition went on sale in the fall of 2007 and production was limited to 650 units total. \"Motor Trend\" gave the 2018 Expedition a good review in its February 14, 2018 article, in which they cite the vehicle’s “blend of performance (both on- and off-road), comfort, utility, and tech [that] easily make it the new benchmark for the full-size SUV class.” However the review notes that there were a few drawbacks in terms of hp acceleration (coming in second to the 2018 Nissan Armada but ahead of the 2018 Chevrolet",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694798",
"text": "and present load conditions. The system also reduces the transmission's tendency to \"hunt\" for the right gear(s) and provides engine braking when descending hills. The nine-passenger front bench seating option has been discontinued for the 2009 model year, leaving only the eight-passenger seating option left with two front bucket seats and two rear bench seats. and the chrome \"Expedition\" name plate badges have been removed from the left and right front doors. The chrome \"Expedition\" name plate badge on the rear liftgate remains. Additional features included the now standard FlexFuel capability, which can take gasoline, E85 (85% ethanol/15% gasoline), or",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694781",
"text": "Eddie Bauer Premier model (though the regular Eddie Bauer was still available) and featured chrome accented roof rails, chrome-clad aluminium wheels, PowerFold power assisted stowable side view mirrors and chrome tipped exhaust. An upper high end \"King Ranch\" trim level with Castano leather seating was also introduced. The base 4.6 liter Triton V8 engine was dropped for the 2005 model year as the 5.4-liter Triton V8 was made standard on all Expeditions and updated with 24-valve technology and variable valve timing. Along with the 2005 model V8 engine update, the Expedition also received a significantly updated version of the four-speed",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694862",
"text": "drive modes, not including the 3 (three) 4x4 system direct drive modes. Depending on the mode selected, Terrain Management will control, adjust, and fine tune the engine, transmission, center multi-disc differential lock, throttle response, four-wheel electronic traction control and electronic stability control (ESC) to adapt the SUV for optimal performance on the corresponding terrain. When first introduced in 1996, the Expedition competed with both the Chevrolet Tahoe and GMC Yukon in the full-size half-ton SUV towing segment. New competitors included the Dodge Durango (which was discontinued in 2009, but reintroduced in 2011), Nissan Armada, and Toyota Sequoia. Product research conducted",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694880",
"text": "economy ratings; reviewers cited fuel economy in the range of 12-15mpg with the V10 gasoline engine. While the Ford Expedition was designed to adopt similar exterior styling of the popular Ford Explorer, the body of the Excursion adapted a high degree of commonality with its F-250 Super Duty counterpart. To directly fit the four doors from the Super Duty crew cab, the Excursion is among one of the only mass-produced SUVs ever produced with four full-length passenger doors (along with the Chevrolet Suburban, its GMC and Cadillac counterparts, and the IHC Travelall). Styled similar to the Bronco (with flush-mounted glass),",
"title": "Ford Excursion"
},
{
"id": "3413884",
"text": "Toyota. Although it is technically a crossover vehicle, it is marketed by Ford as part of its traditional SUV lineup (Escape, Explorer, Expedition) rather than its separate crossover lineup (Edge, Flex). From 2001 to 2004, the Ford Escape was sold in Europe under the Maverick name, and replaced a rebadged version of the Nissan Mistral/Terrano II. Only two versions were made, the 2.0 L Zetec inline 4 engine with manual transmission and 3.0 L Duratec V6 with automatic transmission, both using gasoline as fuel. The absence of a diesel version did not help sales and the vehicle was temporarily discontinued",
"title": "Ford Escape"
},
{
"id": "3695046",
"text": "Lincoln Navigator The Lincoln Navigator is a full-size luxury SUV marketed and sold by the Lincoln brand of Ford Motor Company since the 1998 model year. Sold primarily in North America, the Navigator is the Lincoln counterpart of the Ford Expedition. While not the longest vehicle ever sold by the brand, it is the heaviest production Lincoln ever built. It is also the Lincoln with the greatest cargo capacity and the first non-limousine Lincoln to offer seating for more than six people. The Lincoln Navigator was the first Lincoln (aside from the Lincoln Versailles) to be produced in a factory",
"title": "Lincoln Navigator"
},
{
"id": "3710748",
"text": "impressive and continued until 2006. For the model year of 2007, sales of the small SUV began slipping and it stopped being a hot seller. Compared to 15,000 units sold in 2004, only 10,000 units of the model year of 2007 were sold. This trend continued to worsen for the refreshed model year of 2008 due in part to a price increase. Only 6,345 units of the model year 2008 were sold, and the model year 2009 sales through July 2009 were a mere 2,135 units. Due to decreasing sales, and heightened competition from the Ford Escape, Ford announced that",
"title": "Ford EcoSport"
},
{
"id": "3694845",
"text": "variant effectively replaced the Super Duty-based Ford Excursion. In Canada, to avoid confusion with the Acura EL sedan, Ford renamed the extended-length version as the \"Expedition Max\". Originally intended to carry the Ford Everest name, Ford product planners changed their minds, as the nameplate was already in use for a midsize Ford SUV in Asia. Outside North America, including the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Guam, the Expedition EL is also imported to and sold in the Middle East and Taiwan. In the Philippines, the Expedition EL is the only version imported and sold; coincidentally, it",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694801",
"text": "Ford SYNC buttons, allowing the driver to press the button and use voice commands to activate the system, which became standard on Eddie Bauer, Limited, and King Ranch. The tilt w/radio control feature was optional on the XLT during its Wayne plant built orders, but after production moved to Louisville it became standard. For accessory purposes, a HD radio can be installed upon request at a Ford dealership in the United States. New for 2009 were standard heated second row outboard seats on the Limited and King Ranch models only with either the second row bench seat or the optional",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3695048",
"text": "luxury sedan. Following its official entry into the United States in 1987, the Range Rover was upgraded in trim corresponding with its higher price. As a response, General Motors introduced the Oldsmobile Bravada in 1990, convincing several other manufacturers to introduce mid-size luxury SUVs. As full-size SUVs such as the Chevrolet Suburban and Ford Expedition are highly profitable vehicles, the Lincoln Navigator came to life. The Lincoln Navigator was launched on July 1, 1997 for the 1998 model year, with the first vehicle rolling off the assembly line on May 14, 1997. Based directly on the Ford Expedition, introduced the",
"title": "Lincoln Navigator"
},
{
"id": "3694886",
"text": "many examples were stretched longer than the 120-inch limit imposed by Ford on the Lincoln Town Car sedan. A 2001 Excursion converted to a stretch limousine was the vehicle carrying 18 of the 20 killed in the 2018 Schoharie, New York limousine crash; the limousine also killed two pedestrians. Alongside stretch limousines, the body commonality of the Excursion with the Super Duty trucks has led to a number of vehicle conversions in the aftermarket. Although the Excursion was discontinued following the 2005 model year, 2006-2016 Super Duty front fascias have been adapted to the Excursion. Other conversions fit the rear",
"title": "Ford Excursion"
},
{
"id": "3694824",
"text": "A \"tap to lock/unlock\" button is located near the drive mode dial for operation of the electronic rear lock. Off-road geometry figures for approach, departure, and ramp breakover, improve slightly with 23.3°, 21.9°, and 21.4° of obstacle clearance. Minimum running (lowest point) ground clearance increases by a full inch, from 8.7 to 9.8 inches. Expedition (U553) is certified by the Society of Automotive Engineers' independent SAE J2807 towing standard to tow a maximum 9,300 lbs (4,218 kg or 4.65 tons) of braked trailer. The tow rating increases by 100 lbs over the previous generation and continues to be the highest",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3695074",
"text": "of the Ford Expedition, offered in both a standard and long-wheelbase configuration (Lincoln Navigator L). As before, both two and four-wheel drive versions are offered. The fourth generation marked a significant shift in the exterior styling of the Navigator, as it adopted styling features of the 2017 Lincoln Continental. In another major shift, the model line adopted aluminum body construction. The fourth-generation Lincoln Navigator uses the Ford T3 platform, developed under the U554 code name. Retaining body-on-frame construction, the Lincoln Navigator (and Ford Expedition) were engineered alongside the 2015 Ford F-150. The four-wheel independent suspension configuration was retained, with a",
"title": "Lincoln Navigator"
},
{
"id": "3413877",
"text": "notable as the first SUV to offer a hybrid drivetrain option, released in 2004 for the 2005 model year to North American markets only. Mainstream production of the first generation Escape/Tribute ended in late 2006. For Asia-Pacific markets, both received respective facelifts in 2006 and had production fully transferred to Ford Lio Ho in Taiwan. Extended production of the Mazda lasted until 2010, with the Ford lingering on until 2012. Second generations of the Ford Escape, Mercury Mariner, and Mazda Tribute were released in 2007 for the 2008 model year, but mostly restricted to North America. In other markets, the",
"title": "Ford Escape"
},
{
"id": "3694877",
"text": "the 2000 model year. The Ford Excursion was produced sharing the platform architecture of the F-250 Super Duty pickup truck. Sharing nearly all of its chassis components and dimensions with the F-250, the Excursion shares a common width, wheelbase, and front/rear track with its F-250 counterpart. Other shared assemblies include the front and rear suspension, along with the steering gear. The rear axle for all Excursions was a Sterling 10.5 axle. The four wheel drive models were equipped with a NV273 transfer case and Dana 50 front axle. During the development of the chassis, Ford learned that its initial design",
"title": "Ford Excursion"
},
{
"id": "2839534",
"text": "introduce inflatable seat belts on other Ford models eventually. The fifth generation Ford Explorer earned the 2011 \"North American Truck of the Year\" award. The rear inflatable seat belts won the 2011 Best New Technology Award from the Automobile Journalists Association of Canada. The Ford Explorer Sport was announced March 28, 2012 as an option for the 2013 model year and went on sale in June 2012. The \"Sport\" trim level comprises blackened exterior treatments, stiffened chassis and suspension, larger brakes and the installation of the EcoBoost 3.5L Twin Turbo V6 rated at and of torque. It is the only",
"title": "Ford Explorer"
},
{
"id": "3413916",
"text": "the first vehicles to feature Ford's pull-drift steering mode, an enhancement made possible by applying software control to the Electric Power Steering (EPS) system. On June 23, 2010, it was announced that Ford would end production on the second generation Escape in 2011 and move production to its Louisville Assembly Plant in Louisville, Kentucky, where it was slated to be succeeded by a Taiwanese version of its European CUV counterpart, the Ford Kuga. A new concept version for the Asian market, called the \"Ford Escape Adventure Concept\", was revealed at the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show. It features a revised front",
"title": "Ford Escape"
},
{
"id": "3694779",
"text": "distribution (EBD) and emergency brake assist (EBA). \"AdvanceTrac\" electronic stability control with traction control system was introduced as an optional extra. The electronic traction and stability mitigation system would expand to include \"roll stability control\" (RSC) for the 2005 model year. Before the 2003 model year ended, Ford updated the running boards on Expeditions equipped with the Eddie Bauer trim. Earlier in the model year, Eddie Bauer models had received standard black running boards. Toward the end of the model year, Arizona beige running boards were re-introduced to complement the Arizona beige body work which came standard on Eddie Bauer.",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694828",
"text": "Ford for the fourth generation Expedition will be higher than the previous generation, starting at around $52,000 (US) for XLT and $63,000 (US) for Limited level trims. All 2018 Expedition models carry a power four-wheel disk antilock brake system (ABS) with brake assist and Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD), six standard airbags including a Safety Canopy System that provides side-curtain airbags with roll-fold technology and a rollover sensor, rear-door child-safety locks, a LATCH system (Lower Anchors and Tether Anchors for Children), an Individual Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), and a SOS Post-Crash Alert System https://www.ford.com/suvs/expedition/models/expedition-xlt/. The Expedition has an available Driver",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694789",
"text": "would simply read the last saved data entry from the system's memory, thus, the transmission did not have to completely relearn the owner's driving style. Additionally, the Expedition is powered by the same 5.4 liter Triton V-8 internal combustion engine, rated at and 365 lbf·ft (495 N·m) of torque from the previous generation. When properly equipped with the heavy-duty trailer towing package the SUV can tow up to 9,200 lbs (4,130 kg). Expedition is classed under the Tier 2, Bin 5 / ULEV 2 Ultra Low Emission Vehicle environmental classification. Off-road geometry figures for approach, departure and ramp breakover angles",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694795",
"text": "Scorpion all-season tires. Some of these features are available on Expedition \"XLT\"; many of them are included on Expedition \"Eddie Bauer\" and Expedition \"Limited\". Upgraded perforated leather seating, wood and leather-wrapped steering wheel with audio, climate and cruise controls, interior ebony wood trim, stylized blacked-out stepped-style multifaceted headlamps and monochromatic paint finish with body-colored grille and chrome accenting are standard on the \"Limited\". For the 2008 model year, power deployable/retractable running boards became available, along with a rear view backup camera system. The camera, which is mounted under the Expedition's center liftgate appliqué, utilizes the Gentex auto dimming rear view",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "2839550",
"text": "engine and an automatic gearbox. Some GCC markets offer the front-wheel-drive version as a base model, while most of the trims have standard all-wheel-drive. The latest generation Explorer was made available in Japan the Fall of 2015. As of 2009, American-made Explorer is exported to Bolivia, Chile, Canada, Mexico, Panama, Dominican Republic, People's Republic of China, Japan, South Korea, Israel, Republic of China (Taiwan), The Philippines, Turkey, Russia, Iceland, the Middle East, and certain countries in South America and Africa. As of 2014, the Explorer is available in Ukraine and Belarus. Gothic black Ford Explorer vehicles are also used by",
"title": "Ford Explorer"
},
{
"id": "15230766",
"text": "Toyota Motor Corporation, with 400,000 hybrid electric vehicles produced since their introduction in 2004. , Ford has produced the following plug-in electric vehicles: the all-electric Ford Ranger EV (1997–2002), Ford TH!NK (1999–2003), Transit Connect (2010–2012), and Ford Focus Electric (December 2011–present); and the plug-in hybrids C-MAX Energi (October 2012–present) and the Fusion Energi (February 2013–present), sold under the Mondeo nameplate in Europe. Since the launch of the Focus Electric in 2011, combined sales of all Ford plug-in electric models amounted to just over 56,000 through October 2015. Bill Ford was one of the first top industry executives to make regular",
"title": "Ford Motor Company"
},
{
"id": "2839537",
"text": "park assist with perpendicular park assist, park-out assist and semi-automatic parallel parking, hands-free liftgate from the Ford Escape, an exclusive 500-watt Sony surround sound system, and a heated steering-wheel. The Platinum trim is paired with a 3.5 Liter EcoBoost Twin-turbo V6 with which was previously only available with the Sport trim. The 2016 Explorer went on sale at dealerships in the Summer of 2015. Other than the addition of the top-of-the-line Platinum trim, as well as standard eighteen-inch alloy wheels on the base Explorer trim, the changes are mainly in styling, exterior and interior color combinations, technology, and power. The",
"title": "Ford Explorer"
},
{
"id": "16341470",
"text": "sold as the Lincoln Mark LT in Mexico. For the 2010 model year, the SVT Raptor high-performance truck was introduced; unlike its Lightning predecessor, it was a vehicle dedicated to off-road driving. In North America, the twelfth-generation F-150 was produced at the Dearborn Truck plant in Dearborn, Michigan, as well as the Kansas City Assembly plant in Claycomo, Missouri. In December 2014, it was replaced by the thirteenth-generation 2015 F-150, unveiled in January 2014. Ford revealed the 2009 F-150 design at the 2008 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. Development began under chief engineer Matt O'Leary in November 2003",
"title": "Ford F-Series (twelfth generation)"
},
{
"id": "3694885",
"text": "primarily in its being a second-party conversion (similar to the Centurion Classic). In contrast to the Excursion, two different wheelbases of the model were produced. As with all Super Duty trucks in Brazil, the Tropivan had a different engine selection throughout its production run that included a 4.2 L Essex gasoline V6 and two diesels: a 3.9 L Cummins B-series and the 4.2 L straight-6 MWM Sprint 6.07TCA. During and since its production, the Excursion has become a basis for several types of aftermarket vehicles. The Excursion became a basis for stretch limousines; as a result of its truck-derived chassis,",
"title": "Ford Excursion"
},
{
"id": "3694831",
"text": "for XLT models, and that push-button start, and a power-folding third-row seat are now standard equipment (this feature was optional on the 2017 XLT). A trailer towing package, leather-trimmed seating surfaces, heated front and rear seats, SYNC 3 infotainment system with optional GPS navigation, a power panoramic moonroof, heated and ventilated front bucket seats, the FX4 Off-Road Package (4X4 models only), twenty-inch aluminum-alloy wheels, and other comfort and convenience features are optional. The 2018 Expedition Limited is built with either a 4X2 or 4X4 build, each with a bigger MAX build. The Limited key features include in-vehicle wi-fi with available",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "8618277",
"text": "Stroke Diesel engine available in Ford Super Duty trucks. Current application of the 4.4L TD engine is the Land Rover Range Rover. While in development, the 4.4 TD was rumored to be for use in the Ford F-150, Ford Expedition, and as an entry level diesel option for the Super Duty. No such option ever became available with Ford citing the reason as being a low demand for a vehicle with a $6000–$8000 premium over its gasoline models. Ford 4.4 Turbo Diesel The Ford 4.4 TD is a diesel engine developed and built by Ford Motor Company. It is based",
"title": "Ford 4.4 Turbo Diesel"
},
{
"id": "3694830",
"text": "in the MAX style. Standard features include cloth upholstery, keyless access with push-button start, eighteen-inch aluminum-alloy wheels, a 60/40 second-row bench seat with CenterSlide seat, Hill Start Assist and Hill Descent Control (4X4 models only), MyFord w/ SYNC radio with 4.3-inch LCD display screen, SiriusXM Satellite Radio, and a nine-speaker audio system, 3.5L EcoBoost Twin-Turbocharged V6 gasoline engine with 375-400 horsepower and 470-480 lb. ft. of torque, remote start, a power-folding third-row bench seat, and more. A key difference from 2017 is that a surround-sound premium audio system and rear seat entertainment system are no longer available as an option",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "2839520",
"text": "stations. For the 2010 model year, Ford's MyKey became standard on all Explorers equipped with the Sync system. The second generation Sport Trac came out in early 2006 for the 2007 model year. Unlike its predecessor sold through 2005, it featured the V-8 engine as an option and was based on this generation Explorer's platform. \"AdvanceTrac\" with \"Roll Stability Control\" was made standard on the Sport Trac. For the 2007 model year, the Ford Special Vehicle Team built the \"Sport Trac Adrenalin\" concept with a supercharged version of the 4.6 L \"Modular\" V-8, with , and featuring wheels. Ford SVT",
"title": "Ford Explorer"
},
{
"id": "10601392",
"text": "June. The SEL trim was discontinued after the model year of 2013 but was reintroduced for 2018 model year. For the model year of 2015 in the United States and Canada, Ford updated the standard naturally aspirated 2.5 litre four cylinder's specification to and of torque. On 18 November 2015, Ford unveiled a re freshened update of the Escape, which went on sale in the beginning of 2016 as a model for 2017. The refresh added an Edge inspired front fascia while tweaking the rear end that now sports reshaped LED taillights and a newly adopted two slat, hexagonal grille.",
"title": "Ford Kuga"
},
{
"id": "2839516",
"text": "with the upper hatch enlarged. Carried over from the previous generation, Ford produced the Explorer in four trim levels, XLS, XLT, Eddie Bauer, and Limited. Slotted below the XLS were two major trim packages, Sport Value, Sport Choice, with Sport Premium between XLS and XLT. The outdoors-themed Eddie Bauer continued production with a two-tone exterior (with a tan lower body); the Limited wore a monochromatic body. The \"Ford Explorer\" and the \"Mercury Mountaineer\" were both updated for the 2006 model year on a new frame, produced by \"Magna International\" rather than \"Tower Automotive\". Along with this new, stronger chassis, Ford",
"title": "Ford Explorer"
},
{
"id": "3694761",
"text": "heavy-duty trailer towing package. Optional was an electronically controlled pneumatic air suspension system that would raise and lower the vehicle depending on road and load conditions. The system also included a kneel-down mode for easier ingress and egress, as well as loading cargo, Standard was the 4.6 liter Triton V8 with the 5.4 liter version optional. The first generation Expedition was rated as a Low Emission Vehicle (LEV). The latter engine combined with the heavy-duty trailer towing package and appropriate axle ratio can achieve a towing capacity of 8,100 lbs (3,674 kg). A two air bag supplementary restraint system (SRS)",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3523134",
"text": "the second longest-produced nameplate by Ford worldwide; only the Ford F series (1948–present) has been produced longer. For the 2015 model year, the Ford E series cargo/passenger vans were replaced in North America by the Ford Transit introduced worldwide in 2013. As of the 2017 model year, only cutaway and stripped chassis configurations of the E series are produced. Since 2006, the E series has been assembled at the Ford Motor Company Ohio Assembly plant in Avon Lake, Ohio. From 1961 to 2005, the Ford E series was assembled at Lorain Assembly in Lorain, Ohio. Prior to its discontinuation, the",
"title": "Ford E series"
},
{
"id": "3694850",
"text": "widened, the aft wheel well trim still doesn't cut into them. This version is expected to become more competitive with the Suburban/Yukon XL in the long wheelbase SUV segment, an area where GM dominates; when photos for the fourth generation Expedition were released, a majority of the pictures and videos indicated where Ford wants to target the MAX. Like the (standard length) Expedition, the (extended length) Expedition MAX will also still retain its (standard) eight passenger seating on all trims like before. The MAX will also see a starting MSRP range of $55,000 (US) for the XLT and $66,800 (US)",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "2839524",
"text": "Escape, Expedition and F-150, as well as new stepped style tail lamps. The grille features Ford's corporate three-bar design with upper and lower perforated mesh work, similar to that of the sixth-generation Ford Taurus. The development of the fifth generation Explorer was led by chief engineer Jim Holland from February 2008 to October 2010, who was also a chief engineer for Land Rover; heading development of the Land Rover Range Rover (L322) 2005 facelift from December 2001 to December 2004. Holland also worked on the Ford Expedition (U324) during its initial development. The fifth generation Explorer made its debut online",
"title": "Ford Explorer"
},
{
"id": "5039106",
"text": "Ford Everest The Ford Everest, also known as the Ford Endeavour in the Indian market, is a mid-sized sport utility vehicle (SUV) produced by Ford Motor Company since 2003 over three generations. The Everest is a five-door SUV variant of the Ford Ranger four-door pickup truck. Ford unveiled the MY19 Ford Everest in May 2018. Changes include the new 2.0L Bi-Turbo I4 Diesel engine paired to the 10-speed Automatic transmission. Other changes include Autonomous Emergency Braking, a standard kick-activated power liftgate on Trend and Titanium models, new wheels, Sync 3 now standard on Ambiente models. Interior changes include more soft",
"title": "Ford Everest"
},
{
"id": "3694771",
"text": "now available as an option, and simulated \"front\" and \"rear\" differential locks. The V8 engines offered on the previous generation were carried over, but not without major changes and improvements. Both the 4.6 and 5.4-liter Triton V8 engines received further refinements in design and overall efficiency. Expedition qualified as an Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) and was certified under the Environmental Protection Agency Tier 2 regulations one year earlier than required. The 4.6-liter engine received an all-new redesigned cast aluminium engine block optimized for weight reduction and NVH improvements. The 5.4-liter engine received an all-new redesigned cast-iron engine block with",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694787",
"text": "were mechanical in nature, and included a sheet metal refresh and redesigned interior with upgraded materials A new long wheelbase \"Expedition EL\" in (U.S. only) and called the \"Expedition Max\" (in Canada and Mexico only) as a replacement for the discontinued Ford Excursion. High-strength hydroformed fully boxed Ford T platform (chassis) was a modified version of the half-ton Ford P2 platform from the Ford F-150. The new T1 platform replaced the old U platform, and provides 10 percent more torsional rigidity than the U platform. T1 incorporates a four-wheel independent long-travel suspension system (first introduced on the second generation) with",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "3694786",
"text": "utility trailer. Two were equipped also with caterpillar track systems supplied by Mattracks. The rubber track systems were only used when off-road conditions became too demanding for conventional tires. The rear stabilizer bar failed on both vehicles fitted with the Mattracks system. The vehicles were also equipped with gas stoves (to prepare food) and high-capacity auxiliary fuel tanks (mounted in the rear cargo bay) and sometimes run on poor-quality gasoline. The 2007 introduced the third generation of the Expedition developed under the U324 program code name which was an updated version of the second generation Expedition. Most of the improvements",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "2839513",
"text": "model year. Along with rear-wheel drive, the third-generation Explorer was offered with both four-wheel drive and permanent all-wheel drive; the latter was offered on the Explorer for the first time. Carried over from the previous generation, the base engine for the third-generation Explorer was a 4.0 L V6. Becoming the final V8-powered American Ford to adopt to the Modular V8, the third-generation Explorer offered a 4.6 L SOHC V8 (shared with the Crown Victoria/Grand Marquis) as its optional engine. A five-speed manual transmission was offered for 2002 before its discontinuation; as of 2018, it is the final year a Ford",
"title": "Ford Explorer"
},
{
"id": "3694791",
"text": "a low range ratio of 2.64:1 and rear axle ratio of 3.73:1. The SUV also underwent a nip/tuck with a few cosmetic enhancements, both inside and out. Expedition's front end now featured Ford's signature three \"hollow-bar\" grille to complement the SUV's truck close relation to the F-150 and Super Duty pickups. New complex stepped style multifaceted headlamps, side view mirrors with updated LED lane departure indicators, sleeker body work and redesigned tail lamps were also added. The interior received a new dash with F-150-like center stack, center console, redesigned first row captains chair luxury seating, door panels and interior trim.",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
}
] | when was the last year the ford excursion was made |
|
| [
{
"id": "439117",
"text": "Democratic-Republican Party The Democratic-Republican Party (formally the Republican Party) was an American political party formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison around 1792 to oppose the centralizing policies of the new Federalist Party run by Alexander Hamilton, who was Secretary of the Treasury and chief architect of George Washington's administration. From 1801 to 1825, the new party controlled the presidency and Congress as well as most states during the First Party System. It began in 1791 as one faction in Congress and included many politicians who had been opposed to the new constitution. They called themselves Republicans after their ideology,",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "439119",
"text": "usually referred to as the Republican Party. To distinguish it from the modern Republican Party (founded in 1854), historians, political scientists and pundits often refer to this party as the Democratic-Republican Party or the Jeffersonian Republican Party. The modern Republican Party founded in 1854 deliberately chose to name itself after the Jeffersonians. Modern Democratic politicians claim Jefferson as their founder. The party arose from the Anti-Administration faction which met secretly in the national capital (Philadelphia) to oppose Alexander Hamilton's financial programs (see the American School and the Hamiltonian economic program). Jefferson denounced the programs as leading to monarchy and subversive",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "439122",
"text": "during the Era of Good Feelings after 1816. The party selected its presidential candidates in a caucus of members of Congress. They included Thomas Jefferson (nominated 1796; elected 1800–1801, 1804), James Madison (1808, 1812) and James Monroe (1816, 1820). By 1824, the caucus system had practically collapsed. After 1800, the party dominated Congress and most state governments outside New England. By 1824, the party was also split four ways and lacked a center as the First Party System collapsed. The emergence of the Second Party System in the 1820s and 30s realigned the old factions. One remnant followed Andrew Jackson",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "6396694",
"text": "History of the United States Democratic Party The Democratic Party is the oldest voter-based political party in the world and the oldest existing political party in the United States, tracing its heritage back to the anti-Federalists and the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican Party of the 1790s. During the Second Party System (from 1832 to the mid-1850s) under Presidents Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren and James K. Polk, the Democrats usually bested the opposition Whig Party by narrow margins. Both parties worked hard to build grassroots organizations and maximize the turnout of voters, which often reached 80 percent or 90 percent. Both parties",
"title": "History of the United States Democratic Party"
},
{
"id": "2844091",
"text": "Federalists. The First Party System between 1792 and 1824 featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party was created by Alexander Hamilton and was dominant to 1800. The rival Republican Party (Democratic-Republican Party) was created by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, and was dominant after 1800. Both parties originated in national politics but moved to organize supporters and voters in every state. These comprised \"probably the first modern party system in the world\" because they were based on voters, not factions of aristocrats at court or parliament. The Federalists appealed to",
"title": "History of the United States (1789–1849)"
},
{
"id": "430590",
"text": "First Party System, the Republicans dominated a one-party system (primarily under the Presidency of James Monroe). Under the Second Party System, the Democratic-Republican Party split during the election of 1824 into Adams' Men and Jackson's Men. In 1828, the modern Democratic Party formed in support of Andrew Jackson. The National Republicans were formed in support of John Quincy Adams. After the National Republicans collapsed, the Whig Party and the Free Soil Party quickly formed and collapsed. In 1854, the modern Republican Party formed from a loose coalition of former Whigs, Free Soilers and other anti-slavery activists. Abraham Lincoln became the",
"title": "Two-party system"
},
{
"id": "1849333",
"text": "Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States of America. Since the 1880s it has been nicknamed (by the media) the \"Grand Old Party\" or GOP, although it is younger than the Democratic Party. Founded in 1854 by Northern anti-slavery activists and modernizers, the Republican Party rose to prominence in 1860 with the election of Abraham Lincoln, who used the party machinery to support victory in the American Civil War. The GOP dominated national politics during the Third Party System, from 1854 to 1896, and the Fourth Party System from 1896 to 1932. Since",
"title": "Political parties in the United States"
},
{
"id": "1849315",
"text": "and historians have divided the development of America's two-party system into five eras. The first two-party system consisted of the Federalist Party, who supported the ratification of the Constitution, and the Democratic-Republican Party or the Anti-Administration party (Anti-Federalists), who opposed the powerful central government, among others, that the Constitution established when it took effect in 1789. The modern two-party system consists of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Several third parties also operate in the U.S., and from time to time elect someone to local office. The largest third party since the 1980s is the Libertarian Party. Besides the",
"title": "Political parties in the United States"
},
{
"id": "1849319",
"text": "Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party (also called \"Democratic-Republican\" or \"Jeffersonian Republican\"). The Federalist Party grew from the national network of Washington's Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, who favored a strong united central government, close ties to Britain, a centralized banking system, and close links between the government and men of wealth. The Democratic-Republican Party was founded by Madison and Thomas Jefferson, who strongly opposed Hamilton's agenda. The Jeffersonians came to power in 1800 and the Federalists were too elitist to compete effectively. They survived in the Northeast, but their refusal to support the War of 1812 verged on",
"title": "Political parties in the United States"
},
{
"id": "439153",
"text": "party of Lincoln\") and former Free Soil Party leaders joined the newly formed anti-slavery party. The party sought to combine Jefferson's ideals of liberty and equality with Clay's program of using an active government to modernize the economy. Three United States Presidents were elected following a process that selected them as a national nominee of the Democratic-Republican Party. John Quincy Adams was elected in 1824, in an election where every candidate was associated with the Democratic-Republican Party, but the party selected no nominee that year. Democratic-Republican Party The Democratic-Republican Party (formally the Republican Party) was an American political party formed",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "439138",
"text": "Republicans\" opposed the nationalism that grew popular after 1815 as they were stunned when party leaders started a Second Bank of the United States in 1816. The first official Republican Congressional Caucus meeting took place at Marache's boarding house on May 11, 1800 in Philadelphia. The January 26, 1799 letter Thomas Jefferson wrote to Elbridge Gerry became the party's platform. In the Senate chamber on February 25, 1804, a \"Convention of Republican members of both houses of Congress\" met. Senator Stephen Bradley presided, a Committee on Presidential Electors was formed and it was resolved that Thomas Jefferson be nominated for",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "1849320",
"text": "secession and was a devastating blow when the war ended well. The Era of Good Feelings under President James Monroe (1816–1824) marked the end of the First Party System and a brief period in which partisanship was minimal. The Second Party System operated from about 1828 to 1854, following the splintering of the Democratic-Republican Party. Two major parties dominated the political landscape: the Whig Party, led by Henry Clay, that grew from the National Republican Party; and the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson. The Democrats supported the primacy of the Presidency over the other branches of government, and opposed",
"title": "Political parties in the United States"
},
{
"id": "1849328",
"text": "New York in 1828; the party's creators feared the Freemasons, believing they were a powerful secret society that was trying to rule the country in defiance of republican principles. The modern political party system in the U.S. is a two-party system dominated by the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. These two parties have won every United States presidential election since 1852 and have controlled the United States Congress to some extent since at least 1856. The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the U.S. Founded as the Democratic-Republican Party in 1792 by Thomas Jefferson and",
"title": "Political parties in the United States"
},
{
"id": "439118",
"text": "republicanism. They distrusted the Federalist tendency to centralize and loosely interpret the Constitution, believing these policies were signs of monarchism and anti-republican values. The party splintered in 1824, with the faction loyal to Andrew Jackson coalescing into the Jacksonian movement (which would soon acquire the name Democratic Party), the faction led by John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay forming the National Republican Party and some other groups going on to form the Anti-Masonic Party. The National Republicans, Anti-Masons, and other opponents of Andrew Jackson later formed themselves into the Whig Party. During the time that this party existed, it was",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "439152",
"text": "traced their origins to Jeffersonian Republicanism: Democrats to the Old Republicanism of Macon and Crawford; Whigs to the new Republican nationalism of Madison and Gallatin.\" Taking a leaf from the Jacksonians, the Whigs tended to nominate non-ideological war heroes as their presidential candidates. The Whig party fell apart in the 1850s over the question of whether to allow the expansion of slavery into new territories. The modern Republican Party was formed in 1854 to oppose the expansion of slavery. Many former Whig party leaders (such as Abraham Lincoln – modern Republican Party supporters still sometimes refer to themselves as \"the",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "439123",
"text": "and Martin Van Buren into the new Democratic Party by 1828. Another remnant, led by John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay, formed the National Republican Party in 1824 while some remaining smaller factions formed the Anti-Masonic Party, which along with some National Republican groups developed into the Whig Party by 1836. Most remaining National Republicans would soon after go on to be a part of the Free Soil and modern Republican parties in the 1840s and 1850s. Congressman James Madison started the party among Representatives in Philadelphia (then the national capital) as the \"Republican Party\". Then he, Jefferson and others",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "325416",
"text": "a consensus reached on these issues ended party politics in 1816 for nearly a decade, a period commonly known as the Era of Good Feelings. The splintering of the Democratic-Republican Party in the aftermath of the contentious 1824 presidential election led to the re-emergence of political parties. Two major parties would dominate the political landscape for the next quarter-century: the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson, and the Whig Party, established by Henry Clay from the National Republicans and from other Anti-Jackson groups. When the Whig Party fell apart in the mid-1850s, its position as a major U.S. political party",
"title": "Political party"
},
{
"id": "325415",
"text": "agitation\". Meanwhile, the Whigs, along with free trade Tory followers of Robert Peel, and independent Radicals, formed the Liberal Party under Lord Palmerston in 1859, and transformed into a party of the growing urban middle-class, under the long leadership of William Ewart Gladstone. Although the framers of the 1787 United States Constitution did not anticipate that American political discourse would become partisan, political controversies in the early 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties: the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which were championed by Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson, respectively. However,",
"title": "Political party"
},
{
"id": "20726742",
"text": "Democratic-Republican Party (1844) The Democratic-Republican Party was an American political party formed by John Tyler in 1844 to launch a presidential campaign against Henry Clay of the Whig Party and James K. Polk of the Democratic Party. The party merged into Democratic Party during the 1844 Presidential election. Upon the death of President William Henry Harrison thirty days into his term Vice President John Tyler took office, with constitutional uncertainty, and would serve for the remaining four years of Harrison's term. Despite the fact that Harrison and Tyler were both members of the Whig Party, Tyler found much of the",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party (1844)"
},
{
"id": "430621",
"text": "Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s saw the emergence of a two-party political system, the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, centred on the differing views on federal government powers of Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton and James Madison. However, a consensus reached on these issues ended party politics in 1816 for a decade, a period commonly known as the Era of Good Feelings. Partisan politics revived in 1829 with the split of the Democratic-Republican Party into the Jacksonian Democrats led by Andrew",
"title": "Two-party system"
},
{
"id": "7209611",
"text": "History of the United States Republican Party The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the world's oldest extant political parties. The party values reflect economic conservatism, classical conservatism (modern day American conservatism) and corporate liberty rights. It is the second oldest existing political party in the United States after its primary rival, the Democratic Party. The party emerged in 1854 to combat the Kansas–Nebraska Act, an act that dissolved the terms of the Missouri Compromise and allowed slave or free status to be decided in the territories by popular sovereignty.",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "7750445",
"text": "Party organized by Jefferson and Madison in opposition to the Federalist Party of Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. The party favored republicanism; a weak federal government; states' rights; agrarian interests (especially Southern planters); strict adherence to the Constitution; and it opposed a national bank, close ties to Great Britain and business and banking interests. The Democratic-Republican Party came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812, the Federalists virtually disappeared and the only national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The era of one-party rule in the United States, known as the Era of Good Feelings,",
"title": "Democratic Party (United States)"
},
{
"id": "439124",
"text": "reached out to include state and local leaders around the country, especially New York and the South. The precise date of founding is disputed, but 1791 is a reasonable estimate and some time by 1792 is certain. The new party set up newspapers that made withering critiques of Hamiltonianism, extolled the yeoman farmer, argued for strict construction of the Constitution, favored the French Revolution, strongly opposed the United Kingdom and called for stronger state governments than the Federalist Party was proposing. The elections of 1792 were the first ones to be contested on anything resembling a partisan basis. In most",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "6396702",
"text": "the late 1820s from former factions of the Democratic-Republican Party, which had largely collapsed by 1824. It was built by Martin Van Buren, who assembled a cadre of politicians in every state behind war hero Andrew Jackson of Tennessee. The spirit of Jacksonian democracy animated the party from the early 1830s to the 1850s, shaping the Second Party System, with the Whig Party the main opposition. After the disappearance of the Federalists after 1815 and the Era of Good Feelings (1816–1824), there was a hiatus of weakly organized personal factions until about 1828–1832, when the modern Democratic Party emerged along",
"title": "History of the United States Democratic Party"
},
{
"id": "2844090",
"text": "Herring notes the \"remarkable and fortuitous economic and diplomatic gains\" produced by the Jay Treaty. Continuing conflict between Hamilton and Jefferson, especially over foreign policy, led to the formation of the Federalist and Republican parties. Although Washington remained aloof and warned against political parties in his farewell address, he generally supported Hamilton and Hamiltonian programs over those of Jefferson. The Democratic-Republican Party dominated the Upper South, Western frontier, and in parts of the middle states. Federalist support was concentrated in the major Northern cities and South Carolina. After his death in 1799 he became the great symbolic hero of the",
"title": "History of the United States (1789–1849)"
},
{
"id": "7209655",
"text": "its members, although some became Democrats like Senator Charles Goodell and Mayor John Lindsay in New York. President Richard Nixon adopted many of their positions, especially regarding health care, welfare spending, environmentalism and support for the arts and humanities. After Congressman John B. Anderson of Illinois bolted the party in 1980 and ran as an independent against Reagan, the liberal GOP element faded away. Their old strongholds in the Northeast are now mostly held by Democrats. From its inception in 1854 to 1964, when Senate Republicans pushed hard for passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 against a filibuster",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "439150",
"text": "the opposition to corruption, elitism, aristocracy and monarchy. The word is used in the United States Constitution. A split appeared in the then Republican party during the 1824 elections (at the end of the Monroe administration). When the election was thrown to the House of Representatives, Henry Clay backed John Quincy Adams to deny the presidency to Andrew Jackson, a longtime political rival. Jackson defeated Adams in 1828 and in the next election the first Democratic national convention took place in Baltimore, Maryland on May 21–23, 1832. It nominated Andrew Jackson for a second term and he went on to",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "438820",
"text": "Republican Party (United States) The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, a major ideology of the American Revolution. Founded by anti-slavery activists, economic modernizers, ex–National Republicans, ex–Free Soilers, and Whigs in 1854, the Republicans largely dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern states between 1860 and 1932. Originally, the GOP subscribed to what is referred to as classical liberalism with ideological stands that were anti-slavery and",
"title": "Republican Party (United States)"
},
{
"id": "6826080",
"text": "First Party System The First Party System is a model of American politics used in history and political science to periodize the political party system that existed in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824. It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party, created largely by Alexander Hamilton, and the rival Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican Party, formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, usually called at the time the Republican Party. The Federalists were dominant until 1800, while the Republicans were dominant after 1800. In an analysis of the contemporary party",
"title": "First Party System"
},
{
"id": "434141",
"text": "Rights, the Anti-Federalist movement was exhausted. Some activists joined the Anti-Administration Party that James Madison and Thomas Jefferson were forming about 1790–91 to oppose policies of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton; it soon became the Democratic-Republican Party or the Jeffersonian Republican Party and began the era of the First Party System. Thomas Jefferson's election to the presidency marked a peaceful transition of power between the parties in 1800. John Marshall, 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court empowered the courts by establishing the principle of judicial review in law in the landmark case \"Marbury v. Madison\" in 1803, effectively giving the",
"title": "United States Congress"
},
{
"id": "438828",
"text": "party, was held on March 20, 1854 in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was partly chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jefferson's Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6, 1854 in Jackson, Michigan. By 1858, the Republicans dominated nearly all Northern states. The Republican Party first came to power in the elections of 1860 when it won control of both houses of Congress and its candidate, Abraham Lincoln, was elected President. It oversaw the preserving of the Union, the end of slavery and the provision of equal rights to all men in the",
"title": "Republican Party (United States)"
},
{
"id": "439143",
"text": "Federalists had few supporters. Every state had a distinct political geography that shaped party membership. In Pennsylvania, the Republicans were weakest around Philadelphia and strongest in Scots-Irish settlements in the west. Members came from all social classes, but came predominantly from the poor, subsistence farmers, mechanics and tradesmen. After the War of 1812, partisanship subsided across the young republic—people called it the Era of Good Feelings. James Monroe narrowly won the party's nomination for President in Congress over William Crawford in 1816 and defeated Federalist Rufus King in the general election. In the early years of the party, the key",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "7209646",
"text": "by George Norris revolted against the conservatives led by Speaker Cannon. The Democrats won control of the House in 1910 as the rift between insurgents and conservatives widened. In 1912, Roosevelt broke with Taft and tried for a third term, but he was outmaneuvered by Taft and lost the nomination. Roosevelt led his delegates out of the convention and created a new party (the Progressive, or \"Bull Moose\" ticket), in the election of 1912. Few party leaders followed him except Hiram Johnson of California. Roosevelt had the support of many notable women reformers, including Jane Addams. The Roosevelt-caused split in",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "1849318",
"text": "be formed, fearing conflict and stagnation, as outlined in his Farewell Address. Nevertheless, the beginnings of the American two-party system emerged from his immediate circle of advisers. Hamilton and Madison, who wrote the aforementioned Federalist Papers against political factions, ended up being the core leaders in this emerging party system. It was the split camps of Federalists, given rise with Hamilton as a leader, and Democratic-Republicans, with Madison and Thomas Jefferson at the helm of this political faction, that created the environment in which partisanship, once distasteful, came to being. The First Party System of the United States featured the",
"title": "Political parties in the United States"
},
{
"id": "1849314",
"text": "Political parties in the United States Political parties in the United States are mostly dominated by a two-party system consisting of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The United States Constitution has always been silent on the issue of political parties, since at the time it was signed in 1787 there were no parties in the nation. The need to win popular support in a republic led to the American invention of voter-based political parties in the 1790s. Americans were especially innovative in devising new campaign techniques that linked public opinion with public policy through the party. Political scientists",
"title": "Political parties in the United States"
},
{
"id": "6396695",
"text": "used patronage extensively to finance their operations, which included emerging big city political machines as well as national networks of newspapers. The party was a proponent for slave-owners across the country, urban workers and caucasian immigrants. From 1860 to 1932 in the era of the American Civil War to the Great Depression, the opposing Republican Party, organized in the mid-1850s from the ruins of the Whig Party and some other smaller splinter groups, was dominant in presidential politics. The Democrats elected only two Presidents to four terms of office for twenty-two years, namely Grover Cleveland (in 1884 and 1892) and",
"title": "History of the United States Democratic Party"
},
{
"id": "739777",
"text": "the party faction that supported many of the old Jeffersonian principles, led by Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren, became the Democratic Party. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828: Jacksonians believed the people's will had finally prevailed. Through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president. The Democrats became the nation's first well-organized national party...and tight party organization became the hallmark of nineteenth-century American politics. Opposing factions led by Henry Clay helped form the Whig Party. The Democratic Party had a small but decisive advantage over the Whigs",
"title": "History of the United States"
},
{
"id": "439137",
"text": "votes for Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The tie sent the election to the House and Federalists there blocked any choice. Hamilton, believing that Burr would be a poor choice for president, intervened and let Jefferson win, a move that would result in the collapse of the Federalist Party and Hamilton's death four years later at the hands of Burr himself in a pistol duel. Starting in 1800 in what Jefferson called the \"Revolution of 1800\", the party took control of the presidency and both houses of Congress, beginning a quarter century of control of those institutions. A faction called \"Old",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "439149",
"text": "party split during the John Quincy Adams administration, initially its two successor parties both kept the word Republican in their names—Adams' faction used the term National Republicans while Jackson's faction used the term Democratic Republicans. However, Jackson's faction soon settled on the shorter name Democrats. As a general term (not a party name), the word republican had been in widespread usage from the 1770s to describe the type of government the break-away colonies wanted to form: a republic of three separate branches of government derived from some principles and structure from ancient republics; especially the emphasis on civic duty and",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "438918",
"text": "before the party realignments of the 1960s. The Great Plains states were one of the few areas of the country where Republicans had any significant support during the Great Depression. As of 2018, there have been a total of 19 Republican presidents. Republican Party (United States) The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, a major ideology of the American Revolution. Founded by anti-slavery activists, economic modernizers, ex–National Republicans,",
"title": "Republican Party (United States)"
},
{
"id": "4824663",
"text": "as the Democratic Party. Andrew Jackson is notable as the first U.S. President to be elected from the frontier rather than from the East Coast. The Democratic Party split along regional lines for the first time in 1860 over slavery. This split between southern and northern factions led to a brand new party in 1854, the Republican Party and its candidate Abraham Lincoln being elected in 1860. The Civil War followed shortly thereafter. In 1865, the 13th Amendment—abolishing slavery—became part of the Constitution when it was ratified by three-quarters of the states. Despite protests from the Democrats, the Republican Party",
"title": "Conservative Democrat"
},
{
"id": "739762",
"text": "uniform system of tariffs (taxes on imports) and other taxes to pay off the debt and provide a financial infrastructure. To support his programs Hamilton created a new political party – the first in the world based on voters – the Federalist Party. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison formed an opposition Republican Party (usually called the Democratic-Republican Party by political scientists). Hamilton and Washington presented the country in 1794 with the Jay Treaty that reestablished good relations with Britain. The Jeffersonians vehemently protested, and the voters aligned behind one party or the other, thus setting up the First Party System.",
"title": "History of the United States"
},
{
"id": "4086526",
"text": "between supporters of Adams and supporters of Andrew Jackson. Jackson's followers formed the Democratic Party, while those who supported Adams formed the National Republican Party. Two short-lived but significant third parties, the Anti-Masonic Party and the Nullifier Party, also arose during this period. In the 1830s, opponents of Jackson coalesced into the Whig Party. The United States experienced another period of political realignment in the 1850s. The Whigs collapsed as a national party due to sectional tensions regarding slavery. The Republican Party and the American Party both sought to succeed the Whigs as the main opposition to the Democratic Party,",
"title": "Party switching in the United States"
},
{
"id": "439148",
"text": "by Andrew Jackson in the election of 1828. Political parties were new in the United States and people were not accustomed to having formal names for them. There was no single official name for the party, but party members generally called themselves Republicans and voted for what they called the \"Republican party\", \"republican ticket\" or \"republican interest\". Jefferson and Madison often used the terms \"republican\" and \"Republican party\" in their letters. The 1804 Convention of Republican members of Congress that renominated Jefferson described itself as a \"regular republican caucus\". The name Democratic-Republican was used by contemporaries only occasionally. When the",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "7209612",
"text": "The early Republican Party had almost no presence in the Southern United States, but by 1858 it had enlisted former Whigs and former Free Soil Democrats to form majorities in nearly every Northern state. With its election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 and its success in guiding the Union to victory in the American Civil War and abolishing slavery, the party came to dominate the national political scene until 1932. The Republican Party at its beginning consisted of African-American and White Northern Protestants, businessmen, small business owners, professionals, factory workers, and farmers. It was pro-business, supporting banks, the gold standard,",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "1849325",
"text": "Northeast and new strength in the border states. Historians have long debated why no Labor Party emerged in the United States, in contrast to Western Europe. The Fifth Party System emerged with the New Deal Coalition beginning in 1933. The Republicans began losing support after the Great Depression, giving rise to Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the activist New Deal. They promoted American liberalism, anchored in a coalition of specific liberal groups, especially ethno-religious constituencies (Catholics, Jews, African Americans), white Southerners, well-organized labor unions, urban machines, progressive intellectuals, and populist farm groups. Opposition Republicans were split between a conservative",
"title": "Political parties in the United States"
},
{
"id": "7209619",
"text": "between the two parties was quite high from 1854 to 1896. Historians have explored the ethnocultural foundations of the party, along the line that ethnic and religious groups set the moral standards for their members, who then carried those standards into politics. The churches also provided social networks that politicians used to sign up voters. The pietistic churches emphasized the duty of the Christian to purge sin from society. Sin took many forms—alcoholism, polygamy and slavery became special targets for the Republicans. New England Yankees, who dominated that region and much of upstate New York and the upper Midwest, were",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "439151",
"text": "win the presidential election. The Adams/Clay alliance became the basis of the National Republican Party, a rival to the Jackson's Democracy and one of the successors of the Democratic-Republican Party. This party favored a higher tariff in order to protect U.S. manufacturers, as well as public works, especially roads. Many former members of the defunct Federalist Party, including Daniel Webster, joined the party. After Clay's defeat by Jackson in the 1832 presidential election, the National Republicans were absorbed into the Whig Party, a diverse group of Jackson opponents. Historian Daniel Walker Howe writes, \"Both parties [the Democrats and the Whigs]",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "439121",
"text": "\"Principles of 1798\" articulated in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions that would allow states to nullify a federal law. Above all, the party stood for the primacy of the yeoman farmers. Republicans were deeply committed to the principles of republicanism, which they feared were threatened by the supposed monarchical tendencies of the Hamiltonian Federalists. The party came to power in 1801 with the election of Jefferson in the 1800 presidential election. The Federalists—too elitist to appeal to most people—faded away and totally collapsed after 1815. Despite internal divisions, the Republicans dominated the First Party System until partisanship itself withered away",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "5449788",
"text": "33rd United States Congress The Thirty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1853, to March 4, 1855, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President Franklin Pierce. During this session, the Kansas–Nebraska Act was passed, an act that soon led to the creation of the Republican Party. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States",
"title": "33rd United States Congress"
},
{
"id": "7209618",
"text": "slavery and the very foundation of civic virtue and true republicanism—this was the \"Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men\" ideology. The Republicans absorbed the previous traditions of its members, most of whom had been Whigs, while others had been Democrats or members of third parties (especially the Free Soil Party and the American Party, also known as the Know Nothings). Many Democrats who joined were rewarded with governorships, or seats in the U.S. Senate, or House of Representatives. Since its inception, its chief opposition has been the Democratic Party, but the amount of flow back and forth of prominent politicians",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "4086528",
"text": "with President Ulysses S. Grant formed the Liberal Republican Party for the 1872 presidential election, and many of these Liberal Republicans later joined the Democratic Party. By the late 19th century, as the Democratic and Republican parties became more established, party switching became less frequent. Nonetheless, a major conflict in the Republican Party occurred in 1890s, largely over the issue of monetary policy. Republican supporters of free silver formed the Silver Republican Party, and many, including Henry M. Teller and Fred Dubois, later joined the Democratic Party. Two progressive Republicans, Theodore Roosevelt and Robert M. La Follette Sr., launched strong",
"title": "Party switching in the United States"
},
{
"id": "439144",
"text": "central organization grew out of caucuses of Congressional leaders in Washington. However, the key battles to choose electors occurred in the states, not in the caucus. In many cases, legislatures still chose electors; and in others, the election of electors was heavily influenced by local parties that were heavily controlled by relatively small groups of officials. Without a significant Federalist opposition, the need for party unity was greatly diminished and the party's organization faded away. James Monroe ran under the party's banner in the 1820 election and built support by consensus. Monroe faced no serious rival and was nearly unanimously",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "1849324",
"text": "the Republican Party. It began after the Republicans blamed the Democrats for the Panic of 1893, which later resulted in William McKinley's victory over William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 presidential election. The central domestic issues changed to government regulation of railroads and large corporations (\"trusts\"), the protective tariff, the role of labor unions, child labor, the need for a new banking system, corruption in party politics, primary elections, direct election of senators, racial segregation, efficiency in government, women's suffrage, and control of immigration. Most voting blocs continued unchanged, but some realignment took place, giving Republicans dominance in the industrial",
"title": "Political parties in the United States"
},
{
"id": "7750447",
"text": "when the Whigs fell apart over the issue of slavery. In 1854, angry with the Kansas–Nebraska Act, anti-slavery Democrats left the party and joined Northern Whigs to form the Republican Party. Behind the platforms issued by state and national parties stood a widely shared political outlook that characterized the Democrats: The Democrats split over the choice of a successor to President James Buchanan along Northern and Southern lines as factions of the party provided two separate candidacies for President in the election of 1860, in which the Republican Party gained ascendancy. The radical pro-slavery Fire-Eaters led a walkout at both",
"title": "Democratic Party (United States)"
},
{
"id": "7750444",
"text": "of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and other influential opponents of the Federalists in 1792. That party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s with the election of Andrew Jackson. Since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been more liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy, both parties have changed position several times. The Democratic Party evolved from the Jeffersonian Republican or Democratic-Republican",
"title": "Democratic Party (United States)"
},
{
"id": "6826088",
"text": "John Jay, who was a Hamiltonian, and incumbent George Clinton, who was allied with Jefferson and the Republicans. In 1793, the first Democratic-Republican Societies were formed. They supported the French Revolution, which had just seen the execution of King Louis XVI, and generally supported the Jeffersonian cause. The word \"democrat\" was proposed by Citizen Genet for the societies, and the Federalists ridiculed Jefferson's friends as \"democrats\". After Washington denounced the societies as unrepublican, they mostly faded away. In 1793, war broke out between England, France, and their European allies. The Jeffersonians favored France and pointed to the 1778 treaty that",
"title": "First Party System"
},
{
"id": "7209632",
"text": "Ring. Many of the founders of the GOP joined the liberal movement, as did many powerful newspaper editors. They nominated Horace Greeley for President, who also gained the Democratic nomination, but the ticket was defeated in a landslide. The depression of 1873 energized the Democrats. They won control of the House and formed \"Redeemer\" coalitions which recaptured control of each southern state, in some cases using threats and violence. Reconstruction came to an end when the contested election of 1876 was awarded by a special electoral commission to Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, who promised through the unofficial Compromise of 1877",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "7209689",
"text": "Northern liberals and Republicans as well as the civil rights activists they denounced as \"outside agitators\", thus there was a serious barrier to becoming a Republican. In 1948, Democrats alienated white Southerners in two ways. The Democratic National Convention adopted a strong civil rights plank, leading to a walkout by Southerners. Two weeks later, President Harry Truman signed Executive Order 9981 integrating the armed forces. In 1948, the Deep South walked out, formed a new regional party and nominated J. Strom Thurmond who carried the Deep South, but the outer South stayed with Truman and the \"Dixiecrats\" returned to the",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "16719102",
"text": "entire towns, or city wards, forming a contiguous area, all within the same county. At this time there were two major political parties: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. The Democrats split over the civil war issue. The \"War Democrats\" and the Republicans formed a coalition known as the \"Republican Union,\" and supported President Abraham Lincoln and the Union Army's war effort; the rump Democratic Party opposed the war, favoring a compromise with the South, and became known as \"Peace Democrats\" or \"Copperheads.\" The New York state election, 1864 was held on November 8. All four statewide elective offices",
"title": "88th New York State Legislature"
},
{
"id": "6396720",
"text": "federal slave code to protect slavery in the territories. President Buchanan went along with these demands, but Douglas refused and proved a much better politician than Buchanan, though the bitter battle lasted for years and permanently alienated the Northern and Southern wings. When the new Republican Party formed in 1854 on the basis of refusing to tolerate the expansion of slavery into the territories, many northern Democrats (especially Free Soilers from 1848) joined it. The Republicans in 1854 now had a majority in most, but not all of the Northern states and it had practically no support South of the",
"title": "History of the United States Democratic Party"
},
{
"id": "438000",
"text": "took up the name \"Republicans\"; they preferred a decentralized agrarian republic in which the federal government had limited power. By 1828, the First Party System had collapsed. Two new parties emerged from the remnants of the Jeffersonian Democracy, forming the Second Party System with the Whigs, brought to life in opposition to President Andrew Jackson and his new Democratic Party. The forces of Jacksonian Democracy, based among urban workers, Southern poor whites, and western farmers, dominated the era. In the 1860s, the issue of slavery took center stage, with disagreement in particular over the question of whether slavery should be",
"title": "Politics of the United States"
},
{
"id": "4950357",
"text": "was never more distinctly exhibited, than in the increase of the democratic party in the United States. The popularity of the denomination of the Republican Party, was more than a match for the popularity of Washington's character and services, and contributed to overthrow his administration.\" The party, which historians later called the Democratic-Republican Party, split into separate factions in the 1820s, one of which became the Democratic Party. After 1832, the Democrats were opposed by another faction that named themselves \"Whigs\" after the Patriots of the 1770s who started the American Revolution. Both of these parties proclaimed their devotion to",
"title": "Republicanism in the United States"
},
{
"id": "1849323",
"text": "Americans (Freedmen) into the Republican Party while white southerners (Redeemers) joined the Democratic Party. The Democratic coalition also had conservative pro-business Bourbon Democrats, traditional Democrats in the North (many of them former Copperheads), and Catholic immigrants, among others. The Republican coalition also consisted of businessmen, shop owners, skilled craftsmen, clerks, and professionals who were attracted to the party's modernization policies. The Fourth Party System, 1896 to 1932, consisted of the same interest groups as the Third Party System, but saw major shifts in the central issues of debate. This period also corresponded to the Progressive Era, and was dominated by",
"title": "Political parties in the United States"
},
{
"id": "439130",
"text": "mobilized public opinion in favor of the treaty. Historians have used statistical techniques to estimate the party breakdown in Congress. Many Congressmen were hard to classify in the first few years, but after 1796 there was less uncertainty. The affiliation of many Congressmen in the earliest years is an assignment by later historians; these were slowly coalescing groups with initially considerable independent thinking and voting. Cunningham noted that only about a quarter of the House of Representatives up until 1794 voted with Madison as much as two-thirds of the time and another quarter against him two-thirds of the time, leaving",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "1849322",
"text": "addition, the fading of old economic issues removed many of the unifying forces holding the party together. The Third Party System stretched from 1854 to the mid-1890s, and was characterized by the emergence of the anti-slavery Republican Party (nicknamed \"GOP\" for \"Grand Old Party\"), which adopted many of the economic policies of the Whigs, such as national banks, railroads, high tariffs, homesteads and aid to land grant colleges. Civil war and Reconstruction issues polarized the parties until the Compromise of 1877, which ended the latter. Thus both parties became broad-based voting coalitions and the race issue pulled newly enfranchised African",
"title": "Political parties in the United States"
},
{
"id": "18450164",
"text": "Bloomington Convention The Bloomington Convention was a meeting held in Bloomington, Illinois, on May 29, 1856, establishing the Illinois Republican Party. It was an attempt to unite Anti-Nebraska members of the Opposition Party into a single party. The convention adopted a party platform and nominated a ticket led by William Henry Bissell for Governor of Illinois. Bissell would be elected later that year, making him one of the first governors elected as a Republican. By 1850, the Democratic Party had emerged as the leading political party in the United States. An uncertain stance on slavery led to the demise of",
"title": "Bloomington Convention"
},
{
"id": "7750438",
"text": "Democratic Party (United States) The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. Tracing its heritage back to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison's Democratic-Republican Party, the modern-day Democratic Party was founded around 1828 by supporters of Andrew Jackson, making it the world's oldest active political party. The Democrats' dominant worldview was once social conservatism and economic liberalism while populism was its leading characteristic in the rural South. In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt ran as a third-party candidate in the Progressive (\"Bull Moose\") Party, beginning a switch of political platforms",
"title": "Democratic Party (United States)"
},
{
"id": "438829",
"text": "American Civil War and Reconstruction (1861–1877). The Republicans' initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest. With the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Frémont in the 1856 United States Presidential Election demonstrated it dominated most Northern states. Early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan \"free labor, free land, free men\", which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio (and future Secretary of the Treasury and Chief Justice of the United States). \"Free labor\" referred to the Republican opposition to slave labor",
"title": "Republican Party (United States)"
},
{
"id": "2067786",
"text": "The use of the term \"National Republican\" dates from 1830. Henry Clay served as the party's nominee in the 1832 election, but he was defeated by Jackson. The party supported Clay's American System of nationally financed internal improvements and a protective tariff. After the 1832 election, opponents of Jackson coalesced into the Whig Party. National Republicans, Anti-Masons and others joined the new party. Before the election of John Quincy Adams to the presidency in 1825, the Democratic-Republican Party, which had been the only national American political party for over a decade, began to fracture, losing its infrastructure and identity. Its",
"title": "National Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "7209623",
"text": "in the South, apart from St. Louis and a few areas adjacent to free states. The party initially had its base in the Northeast and Midwest. The party launched its first national convention in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on February 22, 1856, with its first national nominating convention held in the summer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, presided by Francis Preston Blair. John C. Frémont ran as the first Republican nominee for President in 1856 behind the slogan: \"Free soil, free silver, free men, Frémont and victory!\" and although Frémont's bid was unsuccessful, the party showed a strong base. It dominated in New England,",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "439147",
"text": "Presidential electors were now all chosen by direct election, except in South Carolina, where the state legislatures chose them. White manhood suffrage was the norm throughout the West and in most of the East as well. The voters thus were much more powerful, and to win their votes required complex party organization. Under the leadership of Martin Van Buren, a firm believer in political organization, the Jacksonians built strong state and local organizations throughout the country. The Old Republicans, or \"Radicals\", mostly supported Jackson and joined with supporters of incumbent Vice President Calhoun in an alliance. President Adams was defeated",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "1849329",
"text": "James Madison, it is the oldest extant voter-based political party in the world. The Democratic Party at its founding supported a different set of issues than it presently supports. From its founding until the mid-20th century, the Democratic Party was the dominant party among white Southerners, and as such, was then the party most associated with the defense of slavery. However, following the Great Society under Lyndon B. Johnson, the Democratic Party became the more progressive party on issues of civil rights, while losing dominance in the Southern states to the Republicans. The Democratic Party since 1912 has positioned itself",
"title": "Political parties in the United States"
},
{
"id": "4086529",
"text": "third party presidential candidacies in the early 20th century, but neither founded a durable political party. A period of realignment commenced following the onset of the Great Depression, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt constructed the successful New Deal coalition. Over the ensuing decades, Roosevelt's Democrats embraced several tenets of modern American liberalism, while the Republican Party tended to favor conservatism. Beginning in the 1960s, the Democrats lost their dominant position in the South, as prominent Democrats such as Strom Thurmond joined the Republican Party. In the ensuing decades, additional Southern Democratic Congressmen such as Phil Gramm and Richard Shelby would",
"title": "Party switching in the United States"
},
{
"id": "6826083",
"text": "was neutrality, with the federalists hostile to France, and the Republicans hostile to Britain. The Jay Treaty of 1794 marked the decisive mobilization of the two parties and their supporters in every state. President George Washington, while officially nonpartisan, generally supported the Federalists and that party made Washington their iconic hero. The First Party System ended during the Era of Good Feelings (1816–1824), as the Federalists shrank to a few isolated strongholds and the Democratic-Republicans lost unity. In 1824–28, as the Second Party System emerged, the Democratic-Republican Party split into the Jacksonian faction, which became the modern Democratic Party in",
"title": "First Party System"
},
{
"id": "7209662",
"text": "it retained a mere 89 seats in the House and 16 in the Senate. The black vote held for Hoover in 1932, but started moving toward Roosevelt. By 1940, the majority of northern blacks were voting Democratic. Roosevelt made sure blacks had a share in relief programs, the wartime Army and wartime defense industry, but did not challenge segregation or the denial of voting rights in the South. Minority parties tend to factionalize and after 1936 the GOP split into a conservative faction (dominant in the West and Midwest) and a liberal faction (dominant in the Northeast)—combined with a residual",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "439146",
"text": "program promoted by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. Thomas Jefferson wrote on the state of party politics in the early 1820s: In the aftermath of the disputed 1824 presidential election, the separate factions took on many characteristics of parties in their own right. Adams' supporters, in league with Clay, favored modernization, banks, industrial development and federal spending for roads and other internal improvements, which the Old Republicans and the Jackson men usually opposed. Writing in his personal journal on December 13, 1826, President Adams noted the difficulty he faced in attempting to be nonpartisan in appointing men to office:",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "7209613",
"text": "railroads and high tariffs to protect factory workers and grow industry faster. Under William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt, it emphasized an expansive foreign policy. The GOP lost its majorities during the Great Depression (1929–1940). Instead, the Democrats under Franklin D. Roosevelt formed a winning New Deal coalition, which was dominant from 1932 through 1964. That coalition collapsed in the mid-1960s, partly because of white Southern Democrats' disaffection with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Republicans won five of the six presidential elections from 1968 to 1988, with Ronald Reagan as the party's iconic conservative hero. From 1992",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "1849327",
"text": "to the present. Since the 1930s, the Democrats positioned themselves more towards liberalism while the conservatives increasingly dominated the GOP. However, new voter coalitions emerged during the latter half of the 20th century, with conservatives and the Republicans becoming dominant in the South, rural areas, and suburbs; while liberals and the Democrats increasingly started to rely on a coalition of African-Americans, Hispanics and white urban progressives. Although American politics have been dominated by the two-party system, several other political parties have also emerged throughout the country's history. The oldest third party was the Anti-Masonic Party and was formed in upstate",
"title": "Political parties in the United States"
},
{
"id": "439129",
"text": "was good for the country as Republicans said they were both forms of corruption. They strongly distrusted the elitism of Hamilton's circle, denouncing it as \"aristocratic\"; and they called for states' rights lest the Federalists centralize ever more power in the national governments. The intense debate over the Jay Treaty in 1794–1795 transformed those opposed to Hamilton's policies from a loose movement into a true political party. To fight the treaty, the Jeffersonians \"established coordination in activity between leaders at the capital, and leaders, actives and popular followings in the states, counties and towns\". However, they were defeated when Washington",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "2358237",
"text": "form of government. The administration of George Washington and the first few sessions of the US Congress were nonpartisan. Factions within the early US government coalesced into the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties. The Era of Good Feelings, when the Federalist party collapsed, leaving the Democratic-Republican party as the sole political faction, was the United States' only experience with a one-party system. The Non-Partisan League was an influential socialist political movement in the United States, especially in the Upper Midwest, particularly during the 1910s and 1920s. It also contributed much to the ideology of the former Progressive Party of Canada. It",
"title": "Non-partisan democracy"
},
{
"id": "438827",
"text": "Republican presidents. They accomplished this partially through gerrymandering and controversial lame-duck legislation. Founded in the Northern states in 1854 by abolitionists, modernizers, ex-Whigs and ex-Free Soilers, the Republican Party quickly became the principal opposition to the dominant Democratic Party and the briefly popular Know Nothing Party. The main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil. The first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement, at which the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery",
"title": "Republican Party (United States)"
},
{
"id": "7209622",
"text": "The first anti-Nebraska local meeting where Republican was suggested as a name for a new anti-slavery party was held in a Ripon, Wisconsin schoolhouse on March 20, 1854. The first statewide convention that formed a platform and nominated candidates under the name Republican was held near Jackson, Michigan on July 6, 1854. It declared their new party opposed to the expansion of slavery into new territories and selected a statewide slate of candidates. The Midwest took the lead in forming state party tickets while the eastern states lagged a year or so. There were no efforts to organize the party",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "739776",
"text": "of Tears resulted in approximately 2,000–8,000 of the 16,543 relocated Cherokee perished along the way. Many of the Seminole Indians in Florida refused to move west; they fought the Army for years in the Seminole Wars. After the First Party System of Federalists and Republicans withered away in the 1820s, the stage was set for the emergence of a new party system based on well organized local parties that appealed for the votes of (almost) all adult white men. The former Jeffersonian (Democratic-Republican) party split into factions. They split over the choice of a successor to President James Monroe, and",
"title": "History of the United States"
},
{
"id": "7750446",
"text": "lasted from 1816 until the early 1830s, when the Whig Party became a national political group to rival the Democratic-Republicans. However, the Democratic-Republican Party still had its own internal factions. They split over the choice of a successor to President James Monroe and the party faction that supported many of the old Jeffersonian principles, led by Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren, became the modern Democratic Party. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828: Opposing factions led by Henry Clay helped form the Whig Party. The Democratic Party had a small yet decisive advantage over the Whigs until the 1850s,",
"title": "Democratic Party (United States)"
},
{
"id": "437999",
"text": "or block the president's agenda, respectively. Most of the Founding Fathers rejected political parties as divisive and disruptive. By the 1790s, however, most joined one of the two new parties, and by the 1830s parties had become accepted as central to the democracy. By the 1790s, the First Party System was born. Men who held opposing views strengthened their cause by identifying and organizing men of like mind. The followers of Alexander Hamilton, were called \"Federalists\"; they favored a strong central government that would support the interests of national defense, commerce and industry. The followers of Thomas Jefferson, the Jeffersonians",
"title": "Politics of the United States"
},
{
"id": "439169",
"text": "Methodists and other dissenters as well as the religiously nonaligned favored the Republican cause. Jefferson told the Baptists of Connecticut there should be a \"wall of separation\" between church and state. Many Congressmen were very hard to classify in the first few years, but after 1796 there was more certainty. Source: Kenneth C. Martis, \"The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789–1989\" (1989). The numbers are estimates by historians. The affiliation of many Congressmen in the earliest years is an assignment by later historians. The parties were slowly coalescing groups; at first there were many independents.",
"title": "Federalist Party"
},
{
"id": "7209617",
"text": "South. The Act was supported by all Southerners, by Northern \"doughface\" (pro-Southern) Democrats and by other Northern Democrats persuaded by Douglas' doctrine of \"popular sovereignty\". In the North, the old Whig Party was almost defunct. The opponents were intensely motivated and began forming a new party. The new party went well beyond the issue of slavery in the territories. It envisioned modernizing the United States—emphasizing giving free western land to farmers (\"free soil\") as opposed to letting slave owners buy up the best lands, expanded banking, more railroads and factories. They vigorously argued that free market labor was superior to",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "6396721",
"text": "Mason–Dixon line. The formation of the new short-lived Know-Nothing Party allowed the Democrats to win the presidential election of 1856. Buchanan, a Northern \"Doughface\" (his base of support was in the pro-slavery South), split the party on the issue of slavery in Kansas when he attempted to pass a federal slave code as demanded by the South. Most Democrats in the North rallied to Senator Douglas, who preached \"Popular Sovereignty\" and believed that a Federal slave code would be undemocratic. The Democratic Party was unable to compete with the Republican Party, which controlled nearly all northern states by 1860, bringing",
"title": "History of the United States Democratic Party"
},
{
"id": "7209647",
"text": "the Republican vote resulted in a decisive victory for Democrat Woodrow Wilson, temporarily interrupting the Republican era. The Republicans welcomed the Progressive Era at the state and local level. The first important reform mayor was Hazen S. Pingree of Detroit (1890–1897), who was elected governor of Michigan in 1896. In New York City, the Republicans joined nonpartisan reformers to battle Tammany Hall and elected Seth Low (1902–1903). Golden Rule Jones was first elected mayor of Toledo as a Republican in 1897, but was reelected as an independent when his party refused to renominate him. Many Republican civic leaders, following the",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "11812975",
"text": "for industries. In foreign affairs, they supported neutrality in the war between France and Great Britain. The Democratic-Republican Party was founded in 1792 by Jefferson and James Madison. The party was created in order to oppose the policies of Hamilton and his Federalist Party. It also opposed the Jay Treaty of 1794 with Britain and supported good relations with France. The Democratic-Republicans espoused a strict constructionist interpretation of the Constitution, and denounced many of Hamilton's proposals, especially the national bank, as unconstitutional. The party promoted states' rights and the primacy of the yeoman farmer over bankers, industrialists, merchants, and other",
"title": "Federalist Era"
},
{
"id": "325432",
"text": "wing coalition party and one left wing coalition party is the most common ideological breakdown in such a system but in two-party states political parties are traditionally catch all parties which are ideologically broad and inclusive. The United States has become essentially a two-party system, since a conservative (such as the Republican Party) and liberal (such as the Democratic Party) party has usually been the status quo within American politics. The first parties were called Federalist and Republican, followed by a brief period of Republican dominance before a split occurred between National Republicans and Democratic Republicans. The former became the",
"title": "Political party"
},
{
"id": "439126",
"text": "party made its first bid for the presidency with Jefferson as its presidential candidate and Aaron Burr as its vice presidential candidate. Jefferson came in second in the electoral college (at the time, its balloting could not distinguish between President and Vice President) and became Vice President. He would become a consistent and strong opponent of the policies of the John Adams administration. Jefferson and Madison were deeply upset by the unconstitutionality of the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 and they secretly wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which called on state legislatures to nullify unconstitutional laws. However, the",
"title": "Democratic-Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "18443456",
"text": "agrarians and ignorant masses below. The Gilded Age came to an end with the Panic of 1893 and the severe nationwide depression that lasted from 1893 to 1897. The two parties re-aligned in the election of 1896, with the conservative Republicans, led by William McKinley, becoming the party of business, sound money, and assertive foreign policy, while the Democratic Party, led by William Jennings Bryan, became the party of the worker, the small farmer, \"Free Silver\" inflationists, Populists, and (in 1900) anti-imperialism. Bryan's people took control of the Democratic Party away from the Cleveland Democrats (also called \"Bourbon Democrats\" at",
"title": "History of conservatism in the United States"
},
{
"id": "14645062",
"text": "After some time both terms got more and more confused, and sometimes used together as \"Democratic Republicans\" which later historians have adopted (with a hyphen) to describe the party from the beginning, to avoid confusion with both the later established and still existing Democratic and Republican parties. The House of Representatives of the 3rd United States Congress met for the first time at Congress Hall in Philadelphia on December 2, 1793, and nine of the ten representatives took their seats on this day. Only Thomas Tredwell arrived later, and took his seat on December 13. On December 6, Henry K.",
"title": "1793 United States House of Representatives elections in New York"
},
{
"id": "1722386",
"text": "until 1801. However, there continued to be a strong sentiment in favor of states' rights and a limited federal government. This became the platform of a new party, the Republican or Democratic-Republican Party, which assumed the role of opposition to the Federalists. Jefferson and Madison were its founders and leaders. The Democratic-Republicans strongly opposed Hamilton's First Bank of the United States. American foreign policy was dominated by the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars between the United Kingdom and France. The Republicans supported France, encouraging the French Revolution as a force for democracy, while the Washington administration favored continued peace",
"title": "History of the United States (1776–1789)"
},
{
"id": "7209616",
"text": "the 1970s and 1980s\". The Republican Party began as a coalition of anti-slavery Conscience Whigs such as Zachariah Chandler and Free Soil Democrats such as Salmon P. Chase, who were opposed to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, submitted to Congress by Stephen Douglas in January 1854. The Act opened Kansas Territory and Nebraska Territory to slavery and future admission as slave states, thus implicitly repealing the prohibition on slavery in territory north of 36° 30′ latitude, which had been part of the Missouri Compromise. This change was viewed by Free Soil and abolitionist Northerners as an aggressive, expansionist maneuver by the slave-owning",
"title": "History of the United States Republican Party"
},
{
"id": "6683584",
"text": "of autonomy, but also like the states, tribes are not allowed to make war, engage in their own foreign relations, or print and issue currency. Citizenship is granted at birth in all states, the District of Columbia, and all major U.S. territories except American Samoa. The United States has operated under a two-party system for most of its history. For elective offices at most levels, state-administered primary elections choose the major party nominees for subsequent general elections. Since the general election of 1856, the major parties have been the Democratic Party, founded in 1824, and the Republican Party, founded in",
"title": "United States"
},
{
"id": "6396715",
"text": "rank them as among the worst presidents. The Party increasingly split along North-South. In 1860 two Democrats ran for president and the United States was moving rapidly toward civil war. Yonatan Eyal (2007) argues that the 1840s and 1850s were the heyday of a new faction of young Democrats called \"Young America\". Led by Stephen A. Douglas, James K. Polk, Franklin Pierce and New York financier August Belmont, this faction explains, broke with the agrarian and strict constructionist orthodoxies of the past and embraced commerce, technology, regulation, reform and internationalism. The movement attracted a circle of outstanding writers, including William",
"title": "History of the United States Democratic Party"
},
{
"id": "6396747",
"text": "a single vote. The KKK faded away soon after, but the deep split in the party over cultural issues, especially prohibition, facilitated Republican landslides in 1924 and 1928. However, Al Smith did build a strong Catholic base in the big cities in 1928 and Franklin D. Roosevelt's election as Governor of New York that year brought a new leader to center stage. The Great Depression marred Hoover's term as the Democratic Party made large gains in the 1930 congressional elections and garnered a landslide win in 1932. The stock market crash of 1929 and the ensuing Great Depression set the",
"title": "History of the United States Democratic Party"
}
] | when were the republican and democratic parties formed |
|
| [
{
"id": "5954118",
"text": "other locally popular sports (notably basketball and American football), or as the traditional season in the Southern Hemisphere. The first window generally opens from 1 March until midnight of 30 April, followed by the in-season window from 1 to 31 August. Premier League clubs in England voted to end the summer window on the Thursday before the start of the season - on August 9 in 2018, instead of August 31. Because FIFA demands the window must be open for 12 weeks, the window will open around May 17, shortly after the final games of the season on May 13.",
"title": "Transfer window"
},
{
"id": "5954120",
"text": "they have no goalkeeper available. Special dispensation from their competition's governing body, for example the Premier League, is required. The transfer window restriction does not apply to clubs in or below the National League division. If the last day of a transfer window is on a weekend, the deadline can be extended to the following Monday at the request of those involved for business reasons. The first shift of the deadline since its inception took place in summer 2008, when the deadline was extended by 24 hours to fall on Monday 1 September at midnight. The transfer deadline in England",
"title": "Transfer window"
},
{
"id": "5954122",
"text": "from the English Football League (Regulation 53.3.4) and (provided the player is not registered with a club from any league below the National League division) National League division (Rule 6.6.4) can loan in players i) in the first half of the season, until 5.00pm on the fourth Thursday in November and ii) in the second half of the season, until 5.00pm on the fourth Thursday in March. An existing loan deal can be made permanent at any time outside the transfer window. The day upon which a window closes is known as transfer deadline day, and is usually one of",
"title": "Transfer window"
},
{
"id": "5954116",
"text": "the plans when they were proposed in the early 1990s, in the hope that it would improve teams' stability and prevent agents from searching for deals all year around, but by the time it was eventually introduced they had to be persuaded that it would work. However, the exact regulations and possible exceptions are established by each competition's governing body rather than by the national football association. FIFA regulates in general that there shall be two windows, a longer one (max. twelve weeks) in the break between seasons and a shorter one (max. one month) in the middle of a",
"title": "Transfer window"
},
{
"id": "20161247",
"text": "Juventus for an initial fee of £15.4 million, which could increase to a club record £18.1 million based on performance. On 14 August, Southampton signed free agent goalkeeper Jack Rose, who had most recently played for West Bromwich Albion. The following week, the club signed Dutch centre-back Wesley Hoedt from Italian side Lazio for £15 million. When the transfer window reopened in January 2018, Dutch centre-back Virgil van Dijk joined Liverpool for £75 million, a world record fee for a defender. Young striker Marcus Barnes joined Yeovil Town on loan for the rest of the season on 5 January, while",
"title": "2017–18 Southampton F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "5954117",
"text": "season. The specific periods depend on the league's season cycle and are determined by the national football authorities. Most major European leagues commence in the second half of the year (e.g. August or September) and stretch over two calendar years to the first half of the next year (e.g. May), resulting in a close season window in the Summer ending in August, and a mid-season window in January. The periods are different when a league runs throughout a single calendar year, as in most Nordic countries due to weather constraints, Major League Soccer due to both weather and competition from",
"title": "Transfer window"
},
{
"id": "20640982",
"text": "2018–19 EFL League One The 2018–19 EFL League One is the 15th season of the Football League One under its current title and the 26th season under its current league division format. Fixtures were released on 21 June 2018 and the opening round of matches was played on 4 August 2018. The league season is scheduled to end on 4 May 2019. The summer transfer window closed five days after the start of the season, on 9 August 2018, following a vote by all 72 clubs in the Football League. However, clubs were able to make loan signings until 31",
"title": "2018–19 EFL League One"
},
{
"id": "5954119",
"text": "Clubs will be able to sell players until August 31 but not buy replacements after the deadline of August 9. Although, in England, transfers between clubs in the same league can take place as soon as the last competitive fixtures for the season have been played, many transfers will not be completed until 1 July because many players' contracts expire on 30 June. International transfers into the English leagues (including the Premier League) cannot be made until the window has opened on 17 May. Outside the transfer window, a club may still sign players on an emergency basis, usually if",
"title": "Transfer window"
},
{
"id": "5954114",
"text": "Transfer window The transfer window is the period during the year in which a football club can transfer players from other playing staff into their playing staff. Such a transfer is completed by registering the player into the new club through FIFA. \"Transfer window\" is the unofficial term commonly used by the media for the concept of \"registration period\" as described in the FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Player. According to the rules, each national football association decides on the time (such as the dates) of the 'window' but it may not exceed 12 weeks. The second",
"title": "Transfer window"
},
{
"id": "5954115",
"text": "registration period occurs during the season and may not exceed four weeks. The transfer window of a given football association governs only international transfers into that football association. International transfers out of an association are always possible to those associations that have an open window. The transfer window of the association that the player is leaving does not have to be open. The window was introduced in response to negotiations with the European Commission. The system has been used in many European leagues before being brought into compulsory effect by FIFA during the 2002–03 season. English football was initially behind",
"title": "Transfer window"
},
{
"id": "16466358",
"text": "was announced that Van Dijk would join Liverpool when the winter transfer window opened on 1 January 2018 for a reported fee of £75 million. Former club Celtic would receive 10% of Van Dijk's transfer fee, due to a sell-on clause placed in his Southampton contract. Southampton claimed the undisclosed transfer fee would constitute a world record fee in football for a defender. He made his debut for Liverpool on 5 January in the third round of the FA Cup and scored the winning goal with a late header in a 2–1 victory against local rivals Everton. In doing so,",
"title": "Virgil van Dijk"
},
{
"id": "5993045",
"text": "clubs would \"depend on the transfer of a single player to survive the season\". From 2002 to the present day, most leagues around Europe have two windows in which players may be purchased: the end of the season to 31 August, and then for the entirety of the month of January. In England, the club chairmen felt they were \"reluctantly being forced\" to accept the proposal, and FIFA relented somewhat by relaxing the rules regarding out-of-contract players, meaning they could be signed up to a new club at any time. In 2003, the English Premier League scrapped a law which",
"title": "Transfer (association football)"
},
{
"id": "8405290",
"text": "Apertura division begins in the middle of Mexico's summer and ends before the official start of winter. The Clausura division begins during the New Year, and concludes in the spring season. In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: In: Out: Mexican football transfers 2006–07 This is a list of Mexican football transfers in the Mexican Primera División during the summer 2006-07 transfer window, grouped by club. Football has been played professionally in Mexico",
"title": "Mexican football transfers 2006–07"
},
{
"id": "5954127",
"text": "bid for midfielder Yohan Cabaye during his time as Newcastle United manager in August 2013. In January 2015, FIFPro said that the current transfer window system is \"failing football and its players\", one of the main issues being that players are released from clubs without explanation or compensation. Transfer window The transfer window is the period during the year in which a football club can transfer players from other playing staff into their playing staff. Such a transfer is completed by registering the player into the new club through FIFA. \"Transfer window\" is the unofficial term commonly used by the",
"title": "Transfer window"
},
{
"id": "5954121",
"text": "was similarly extended to 5 pm 1 September 2009, due to the August Bank Holiday. The German football league announced an extension of the January 2009 deadline to 2 February. Free agents can be signed by a club at any time during the season, if they had been released by their previous club before the end of the transfer window. A club can request to sign a player on emergency basis, e.g. if several goalkeepers are injured at the same time. Outside the transfer window in England, once seven days have passed following the end of a transfer window, clubs",
"title": "Transfer window"
},
{
"id": "19174082",
"text": "a couple of weeks later. Storer signed a six-month contract with Birmingham City of the Championship in April 2016, to begin on 9 May when the transfer window opened. The fee was undisclosed by Birmingham, while Stevenage reported it as \"a five-figure fee ... with further performance payments based on success\". After scoring seven goals in pre-season friendlies, four of which came in first-team matches, his contract was extended to 2018. They also earned him a place on the bench for the opening fixture, at home to Cardiff City. He made his debut after 70 minutes, replacing Diego Fabbrini, and",
"title": "Jack Storer"
},
{
"id": "20386906",
"text": "onwards will be held on 22 February 2019 at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. This is a list of changes of managers within English league football: 3 August 2018: The first match of the Football League season pitted Frank Lampard's Derby County against Reading. Jon Dadi Bodvarsson scored the first goal of the new season, but goals from Mason Mount and an injury-time winner from Tom Lawrence gave the Rams a 2-1 win. 4 August 2018: The first Saturday of the Football League season saw newly relegated West Brom lose 2-1 to a Bolton Wanderers sidewho were nearly relegated",
"title": "2018–19 in English football"
},
{
"id": "5954123",
"text": "the busiest days of the window, generating a flurry of transfers, often because a number of interdependent transfers are completed resembling a housing chain, generating much media interest. Steve Coppell, former manager of Reading in England's Premier League, and others have called for the transfer window to be scrapped in favour of the previous system, where deals could be struck throughout the season until the closing weeks. Coppell said that the transfer window breeds panic and encourages \"scurrilous\" transfer activity adding that \"I cannot see the logic in a transfer window. It brings on a fire-sale mentality, causes unrest via",
"title": "Transfer window"
},
{
"id": "20345584",
"text": "29, their earliest date ever. A day off and then the March 31, and April 1 games complete that series. It will mark the first time the Cardinals have opened the season at Citi Field, and the team's first opener in New York since 1996, when the Mets still played at Shea Stadium. They host the Arizona D-backs in their home opener on April 5. First pitch at Busch Stadium that day is scheduled for 6:15 p.m. CT. The Cardinals are also slated to finish the season at Wrigley Field, marking the first time the Cardinals and Cubs will end",
"title": "2018 St. Louis Cardinals season"
},
{
"id": "20660119",
"text": "Kenneth Omeruo has joined Leganés on a season-long loan. \"23 August 2018:\" Tomáš Kalas has joined Bristol City on a season-long loan. Tushaun Walters has joined Greenwich Borough on a free transfer. \"30 August 2018:\" Ike Ugbo has joined Scunthorpe United on loan until 31 December 2018. Isaiah Brown has joined Leeds United on a season-long loan. \"31 August 2018:\" Bradley Collins has joined Burton Albion on loan until 2 January 2019. Michael Hector has joined Sheffield Wednesday on a season-long loan. Tammy Abraham has joined Aston Villa on a season-long loan. Kylian Hazard has joined Cercle Brugge on a",
"title": "2018–19 Chelsea F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "18442272",
"text": "million release clause is activated. Brighton & Hove Albion was also interested in transferring him, and made a €20 million bid which was also supposedly rejected. He scored six goals and assisted three more in the 2017–18 season, which ended in relegation for the Galician team. On 25 May 2018, Andone signed a five-year deal with Brighton & Hove Albion for an undisclosed transfer fee, and joined the Premier League side when the international transfer window opened on 8 June. The fee was rumoured as being €6 million, representing the release clause in his contract in case of Deportivo La",
"title": "Florin Andone"
},
{
"id": "20717055",
"text": "players were also brought in during the summer – Scottish midfielder Stuart Armstrong from Premiership champions Celtic for £7 million, Norwegian winger Mohamed Elyounoussi from Swiss side Basel for £16 million, goalkeeper Angus Gunn from Premier League champions Manchester City for £13.5 million, and Danish centre-back Jannik Vestergaard from German club Borussia Mönchengladbach. In August, Liverpool striker Danny Ings joined on an initial loan, with a permanent move planned for the following summer. A number of players were loaned out, including striker Guido Carrillo, playmaker Sofiane Boufal, and midfielder Jordy Clasie. Southampton begun their 2018–19 pre-season preparations with a short",
"title": "2018–19 Southampton F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "16691047",
"text": "club Valencia. He was voted the worst signing of the season by readers of \"Marca\". In the final of the Copa del Rey, however, he replaced injured Javier Mascherano early into the first half of the match against Alavés, playing mostly as a right back and providing the assist for Neymar who netted the second in an eventual 3–1 triumph. On 9 August 2018, and even though he was nursing a leg injury sustained during pre-season, Gomes moved to English club Everton on a season-long loan for a fee of €2.25 million. He made his Premier League debut on 21",
"title": "André Gomes"
},
{
"id": "20709821",
"text": "FK on loan until the end of their season. On 17 August, goalkeeper Liam Driscoll joined Hungerford Town on an emergency loan after Jökull Andrésson was ruled out for a couple of week due to injury in a prior game. On 20 August, Reading announced the signing of winger Josh Sims on a season-long loan deal from Southampton. On 31 August, Reading announced that Saeid Ezatolahi had joined the club on a season-long loan deal from Rostov, and that Liam Moore had signed a new five-year contract, keeping him at Reading until the summer of 2023. A 2-1 defeat to",
"title": "2018–19 Reading F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "19512505",
"text": "joined from Crystal Palace for an undisclosed fee, while French defender Jérémy Pied joined on a free transfer from OGC Nice on the same day. Shortly before the transfer window closed, the club signed Moroccan midfielder Sofiane Boufal from Lille for a club record fee of £16 million, as well as bringing in former Leeds United goalkeeper Stuart Taylor, who had been a free agent for over a year. When the transfer window reopened in January 2017, Dominic Gape's loan move to Wycombe Wanderers was made permanent in a free transfer, while Jason McCarthy's loan spell at Walsall was extended",
"title": "2016–17 Southampton F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "1450944",
"text": "Common year starting on Monday A common year starting on Monday is any non-leap year (i.e., a year with 365 days) that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Monday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is G. The current year, 2018, is a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. The last such year was 2007 and the next such year will be 2029, or likewise, 2013 and 2019 in the obsolete Julian calendar. The century year, 1900, was also a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. See below for more. Any common",
"title": "Common year starting on Monday"
},
{
"id": "20161246",
"text": "million, and Paulo Gazzaniga to Tottenham Hotspur for an undisclosed fee. Five players were sent out on season-long loans – Harrison Reed to Norwich City, Harry Lewis to Dundee United, Ryan Seager to Milton Keynes Dons, Sam Gallagher to Birmingham City, and Jordy Clasie to Club Brugge – while Olufela Olomola joined Yeovil Town on loan until January. Southampton's first signing of the summer transfer window was Polish centre-back Jan Bednarek, who joined from Lech Poznań for £5 million on 1 July. The club's second signing followed on 8 August, when Gabonese defensive midfielder Mario Lemina joined from Italian club",
"title": "2017–18 Southampton F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "20808698",
"text": "a permanent basis when the transfer window opened on 1 July. The following day, 9 June, Samuel Grandsir signed for AS Monaco from Troyes on a five-year contract to begin 1 July 2018. On 13 June, goalkeeper Paul Nardi joined Cercle Brugge on a season-long loan deal, with Pierre-Daniel N'Guinda, Yoann Etienne and Kevin Appin all joining Cercle Brugge on loan for the 2018-19 season on 16 June. Four days later, on 20 June, Guévin Tormin also joined Cercle Brugge on a season-long loan deal. On 19 June, Willem Geubbels joined Monaco from Lyon. On 23 June, Gil Dias joined",
"title": "2018–19 AS Monaco FC season"
},
{
"id": "12596202",
"text": "windows per season. In most countries, one falls during the middle of the season and the other runs during the period between seasons, generally called the \"close season\" in Europe and \"off-season\" in North America. For those countries with seasons starting in August/September such as most European countries, the midseason transfer window usually falls in January, and the other one opens from June to September. In countries with seasons that operate entirely within a calendar year, like many leagues in Latin America or Northern Europe, as well as North America's Major League Soccer, the midseason transfer window opens in July/August,",
"title": "Trade (sports)"
},
{
"id": "19684748",
"text": "to score five goals in 14 appearances, including a brace against Dijon on the final day of the season, to ensure that the club avoided the drop to Ligue 2. Despite his form in the season prior, however, Mothiba was forced to leave Lille during the early stages of the 2018–19 campaign after the club ran into financial difficulties. On 31 August 2018, the last day of the 2018 summer transfer window, and with Lille facing financial difficulties, Mothiba was sold to league rivals Starsbourg for a reported transfer fee of €4 million. The deal also involved a buyback option",
"title": "Lebo Mothiba"
},
{
"id": "18467311",
"text": "ultimately fall out of favour and move to Northampton in the January transfer window, the signing of Eoin Doyle – who had previously played under Cook at Chesterfield – ensured that Chaplin would remain on the bench. Chaplin continued to make cameo appearances as a substitute, however, and took his tally to eight for the season with a last-gasp, 25 yard strike against Barnet to snatch a point in a 1–1 draw on 18 February. At the end of August 2018, Chaplin joined Coventry City on loan with a permanent agreement in place for the following January. Chaplin scored his",
"title": "Conor Chaplin"
},
{
"id": "20660115",
"text": "Panzo has joined Monaco in a permanent deal. Jordan Houghton has joined Milton Keynes Dons on a free transfer. Eduardo has signed a new contract until 2019 and joined Vitesse on a season-long loan. \"12 July 2018:\" Kenedy has joined Newcastle United on a season-long loan. Joao Rodríguez has joined Tenerife on a season-long loan. \"14 July 2018:\" Chelsea have signed Jorginho from Napoli in a permanent deal. Kyle Scott has joined Telstar on a season-long loan. \"16 July 2018:\" Jamal Blackman has joined Leeds United on a season-long loan. \"17 July 2018:\" Todd Kane has joined Hull City on",
"title": "2018–19 Chelsea F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "15798082",
"text": "Toulouse and transferred to Ligue 2 club, Auxerre, where he would be the undisputed first choice goalkeeper. He has expressed his desire to one day return to the top flight, of which he knows he is capable of playing in, but believes remaining at Auxerre for the near future will be more beneficial for his development. At the beginning of the 2018–19 season, he lost his starting place at Auxerre to Quentin Westberg (in the league) and Sonny Laiton (in the Coupe de la Ligue. On 31 August 2018, the last day of the 2018 summer transfer window, Boucher joined",
"title": "Zacharie Boucher"
},
{
"id": "20660118",
"text": "a permanent deal. \"9 August 2018:\" Thibaut Courtois has joined Real Madrid in a permanent deal. Chelsea have signed Mateo Kovačić from Real Madrid on a season-long loan. Jay Dasilva has joined Bristol City on a season-long loan. \"10 August 2018:\" Josimar Quintero has joined Lleida Esportiu on a season-long loan. Michy Batshuayi has joined Valencia on a season-long loan. Kurt Zouma has joined Everton on a season-long loan. \"14 August 2018:\" Tiémoué Bakayoko has joined Milan on a season-long loan. Ola Aina has signed a new contract until 2021 and joined Torino on a season-long loan. \"15 August 2018:\"",
"title": "2018–19 Chelsea F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "7095162",
"text": "the 'transfer window'. During the transfer window clubs buy replacements for players who have suffered injuries or strengthen their squads in preparation either for an attempt to advance in a tournament or in anticipation of an upcoming struggle against relegation. If a player is \"put on the transfer list\", the club which owns the player has indicated his availability. Other clubs are then able to approach the owning club to bid for the player in an attempt to sign him. Though clubs can approach other clubs to put in a bid for a player, they know that a player on",
"title": "Transfer market"
},
{
"id": "20731135",
"text": "Wigan Athletic and Fulham respectively. As August emerged, Andy Lonergan joined the club on a free transfer from rivals Leeds United. On 8 August 2018, Middlesbrough completed the signing of Jordan Hugill from West Ham United on a season-long loan deal. Tomás Mejías, Martin Cranie, Tom Brewitt, Liam Cooke, Liam Hegarty, Jakub Sinior, Keiran Storey, Robbie Tinkler, Jay Wilson and Matthew Elsdon were all released at the end of the 2017–18 season. Antonio Barragán then left the club to join Real Betis permanently, having spent the previous season on loan there, while Mikael Soisalo and Fábio left to join Zulte",
"title": "2018–19 Middlesbrough F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "17802778",
"text": "scored his first professional goal, netting the last in a 4–0 home win against FC Astana for the campaign's UEFA Europa League. On 16 June 2016, Nahuel signed a two-year loan contract with Real Betis also in the top tier. On 30 January 2018, he was loaned to Segunda División team FC Barcelona B for six months. On 31 August 2018, the last day of the summer transfer window, Olympiacos F.C. signed Nahuel for an undisclosed fee. Villarreal retained a buyback option on the player. Nahuel was part of the Spanish under-19 team which won the 2015 UEFA European Championship",
"title": "Matías Nahuel"
},
{
"id": "19002808",
"text": "had all three professional goalkeepers (Luke McCormick, Robbert te Loeke & Kyle Letheren) out injured, making his debut the next day in a 1-0 away win over AFC Wimbledon. Matthews returned to Norwich on 27 November after getting injured in a league game vs Portsmouth. On 29 December 2017, Matthews joined Argyle on loan for the second time in the same season. Initially on an emergency loan for just one game, vs Blackpool, before then joining in the January transfer window on a loan until the end of the season. On 12 August 2018, Matthews joined Bolton Wanderers in an",
"title": "Remi Matthews"
},
{
"id": "19202057",
"text": "left for another top-tier club Guizhou Hengfeng on free via Danish club Vejle Boldklub following Yanbian's relegation in the 2017 season. On 9 February 2018, Yanbian made an official statement that Trawally was under contract with the club and disapproved his transfer. The disagreement eventually solved on 28 February 2018, the final day of 2018 Chinese football transfer winter window, after Guizhou Hengfeng paid his transfer fee. Trawally made his debut and scored his first goal for the club on 4 March 2018 in a 3–1 loss against Jiangsu Suning. On 6 September 2015, Trawally made his debut for Gambia",
"title": "Bubacarr Trawally"
},
{
"id": "17625561",
"text": "from Ipswich Town in January 2017. He ended the 2016–17 season with 13 goals in 47 appearances to end up as Preston's top-scorer. He started the 2017–18 season in good form and was linked with a number of clubs in the summer transfer window, and handed in a transfer request on 29 August. On 31 January 2018, Hugill completed a deadline day signing for Premier League club West Ham United in a reported £10 million transfer deal, becoming manager David Moyes' second signing at the London Stadium. However he was restricted to a handful of brief cameos in the second",
"title": "Jordan Hugill"
},
{
"id": "18421251",
"text": "City on 28 November. He signed a permanent deal with Peterborough in the January transfer window. On 21 July 2016, Beautyman signed for Northampton Town on a two-year deal from Peterborough United for a nominal fee. In June 2017, Beautyman joined League Two side Stevenage on a free transfer. He scored his first goal for Stevenage in an EFL Trophy tie against Oxford United on 29 August 2017. Beautyman re-joined his former club, National League side Sutton United, on a permanent deal on 4 January 2018. He signed for Sutton for an undisclosed fee and on a two-and-a-half year contract.",
"title": "Harry Beautyman"
},
{
"id": "20115452",
"text": "after the match. Stevenage chairman Phil Wallace stated there had been interest from a number of Championship and Premier League clubs for McKee during the 2018 January transfer window, with the club discouraging bids for the player as they believe he will develop faster playing first-team football as opposed to \"being lost in the U23 environment of a Premier League club\". McKee scored his first professional goal on 3 February 2018, courtesy of a low drilled shot in a 3–2 defeat at Accrington Stanley. He made 29 appearances during the campaign, scoring once, in what was McKee's breakthrough season as",
"title": "Mark McKee"
},
{
"id": "5954126",
"text": "to play Arsenal, and said that \"the rules should be adapted more for fairness\". Manchester City manager Manuel Pellegrini backed the sentiment of Wenger, disagreeing that a player \"can go from one team to another team in the same league at this part of the year\" and also said that the winter transfer window was unbalanced in favour of big clubs, saying \"a club with money can take the best players from the other teams\". Former Crystal Palace manager Alan Pardew questioned why the Premier League transfer window remains open after the start of the season after Arsenal made a",
"title": "Transfer window"
},
{
"id": "15642592",
"text": "clubs will tend to concentrate on acquiring the very best players available, whereas smaller clubs may look more for youngsters, older players, and loans. The AI will fine-tune this element to prevent it becoming too predictable. The transfer window has been overhauled, with the last day being slowed down to progress on hours rather than days and featuring a ticking countdown clock as clubs hurry to complete last-minute deals. It will be possible to delay transfers until right up to the deadline in order to see how others pan out, and the club's Chief Executive will help with pointing out",
"title": "FIFA 12"
},
{
"id": "18947842",
"text": "and another against Stevenage. Mandeville missed a late penalty against Plymouth in a 2–0 defeat. Plymouth's goalkeeper Luke McCormick mocked him which led to captain James Coppinger being sent off in the aftermath. He then scored from a free kick to earn Doncaster a win against Grimsby Town. This capped off the week that Mandeville won the EFL young player of the month. On 31 January 2018, he joined League Two club Colchester United on loan until the end of the 2017–18 season. He made his Colchester debut from the bench on 10 February in their 1–1 draw at Carlisle",
"title": "Liam Mandeville"
},
{
"id": "15509112",
"text": "SuperLeague back on October 28 with a 1-0 derby win over Olympiacos, finally stopped the rot in the first game of 2018 thanks to a pair of penalties from the Argentinian midfielder in a 2-0 win home game against Platanias On 14 January 2018, according to \"Foot Mercato\", the difficult financial framework in which Panathinaikos is trying to survive, imposed for players' transfers. The Argentinian winger according to the French website, has been proposed to three Ligue 1 clubs, namely Nantes, Saint-Étienne and Toulouse for the January transfer window on a loan basis till the end of the season with",
"title": "Lucas Villafáñez"
},
{
"id": "6369708",
"text": "clubs during the January transfer window, due to his impressive performances that season. These feats thus earned him a contract extension till 2019 and also the club's Player of the Year award. \"As of 28 August 2018\" Queens Park Rangers Reading Cardiff City Watford Individual Matthew Connolly Matthew Thomas Martin Connolly (born 24 September 1987) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Premier League club Cardiff City. Having started his career at Arsenal he went moved to Queens Park Rangers, going on to win the Football League Championship in 2011. It would be the first of",
"title": "Matthew Connolly"
},
{
"id": "15792729",
"text": "season came in a 5–1 away win over Brighton & Hove Albion, where he played at centre-back. On 30 January 2018, Can scored the opening goal in Liverpool's 3–0 win over Huddersfield Town at the Kirklees Stadium. On 24 February, he scored the opener in Liverpool's 4–1 win over West Ham United. On 17 March, during a game against Watford, Can suffered a muscle injury in his back, and it was reported that he could potentially miss the rest of the season out injured. Can returned in time for the 2018 UEFA Champions League Final against Real Madrid, but was",
"title": "Emre Can"
},
{
"id": "20660117",
"text": "Victorien Angban has signed a new contract until 2020 and joined Metz on a season-long loan. \"30 July 2018:\" Kasey Palmer has joined Blackburn Rovers on a season-long loan. \"3 August 2018:\" Pedro has signed a new contract until 2020. \"6 August 2018:\" Matt Miazga has signed a new contract until 2022 and joined Nantes on a season-long loan. Fikayo Tomori has signed a new contract until 2021 and joined Derby County on a season-long loan. \"7 August 2018:\" Cole Dasilva has joined Brentford on a free transfer. \"8 August 2018:\" Chelsea have signed Kepa Arrizabalaga from Athletic Bilbao in",
"title": "2018–19 Chelsea F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "19314206",
"text": "Swindon Town and Chesterfield respectively, as well as four goals in convincing wins over Cheltenham Town and Yeovil Town, the club had won just four out of 26 league matches spanning from October 2017 to March 2018. This poor run of form led to his reign as manager coming to an end on 18 March 2018. Stevenage had brought in a number of new signings during the 2018 January transfer window, with chairman Phil Wallace also highlighting the lack of improvement thereafter as a reason behind Sarll's departure as manager. Wallace praised Sarll for his focus on \"working tirelessly to",
"title": "Darren Sarll"
},
{
"id": "20660113",
"text": "2019 and joined Falkirk on a season-long loan. Trevoh Chalobah has joined Ipswich Town on a season-long loan. Nathan Baxter has joined Yeovil Town on a season-long loan. Reece James has signed a new contract until 2022 and joined Wigan Athletic on a season-long loan. Dujon Sterling has joined Coventry City on a season-long loan. Lewis Baker has joined Leeds United on a season-long loan. Chelsea have signed Thierno Ballo (Viktoria Köln), George Nunn (Crewe Alexandra), Pierre Ekwah-Elimby (Nantes), Ian Maatsen (PSV Eindhoven) and Sam McClelland (Coleraine) in a permanent deal. Matej Delač, Wallace, Mitchell Beeney, Harvey St Clair, Isaac",
"title": "2018–19 Chelsea F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "16811427",
"text": "with £10 million being paid upfront along with £5 million in add-ons. He signed a four-and-a-half-year contract with \"the\" \"Seagulls\" the next day, and wears the number 25 shirt. He reunites with former PSV teammate Davy Pröpper, who joined Brighton in the 2017 summer transfer window. On 17 February 2018, Locadia scored on his Brighton debut in a 3–1 FA Cup fifth round win against Coventry City. He scored on his Premier League debut a week later on 24 February, netting from close range in the 90th minute of a 4–1 victory against Swansea City, after coming on as a",
"title": "Jürgen Locadia"
},
{
"id": "20862954",
"text": "play-offs, where they were joined by the eight second round winners from the Domestic Champions Path.<section end=Format /> <section begin=Tiebreakers /> Teams are ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss), and if tied on points, the following tiebreaking criteria are applied, in the order given, to determine the rankings (Regulations Articles 14.03): <section begin=Schedule /> The matchdays are 18–19 September, 2–3 October, 23–24 October, 6–7 November, 27–28 November, and 11–12 December 2018.<section end=Schedule /> Times are CET/CEST, as listed by UEFA (local times, if different, are in parentheses).",
"title": "2018–19 UEFA Youth League group stage"
},
{
"id": "12596203",
"text": "while the other starts from March to April. The difference between a transfer window and a trade deadline is that players cannot be bought or sold outside these transfer window periods. The notion of transfer windows was initially introduced in Europe, and subsequently adopted by FIFA. Like North America's trade deadline, there is greatly increased activity and interest as the close of a transfer window draws near. In Major League Soccer, trades between MLS teams that involve players and player transfers from outside MLS must occur during either the primary transfer window (typically February - May) or secondary transfer window",
"title": "Trade (sports)"
},
{
"id": "6738886",
"text": "loan until the end of the 2017–18 season. The club did not have an option to purchase Mirallas as part of the contract. On 16 April, Mirallas scored a stunning strike from the edge of the penalty area on the stroke of half-time in a 5–1 home win against Kerkyra. On 4 May, his loan spell was terminated by mutual consent due to Everton's high asking price to purchase Mirallas outright, as well as Mirallas' overall sub-par performances with Olympiacos. On 4 August 2018, Mirallas signed for Fiorentina on a season-long loan deal with the option to make the transfer",
"title": "Kevin Mirallas"
},
{
"id": "19214228",
"text": "consensus 1st-Team All-ACC and 1st Team All-American by the \"Associated Press\" (AP) and won the Jim Parker Trophy. Turner was signed by the New Orleans Saints as an undrafted free agent following the 2016 NFL Draft. On September 2, 2017, Turner was waived by the Saints and was signed to the practice squad the next day. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Saints on January 16, 2018. On September 1, 2018, Turner was waived by the Saints. He was re-signed to the practice squad on October 24, 2018, but was released three days later. On October 30, 2018, Turner",
"title": "Landon Turner"
},
{
"id": "19804883",
"text": "Lorient were relegated to the second tier at the end of the season. In the 2017–18 season Guendouzi featured 21 times for Lorient as they missed out on promotion, finishing seventh in Ligue 2. On 11 July 2018, during the summer transfer window, it was announced that Guendouzi had joined Premier League team Arsenal for an undisclosed fee, believed to be in the region of £7m plus bonuses. Head coach Unai Emery said: \"We are delighted Matteo is joining us. He is a talented young player and a lot of clubs were interested in him. He has big potential and",
"title": "Mattéo Guendouzi"
},
{
"id": "20491931",
"text": "Lenny Pintor Lenny Jean-Pierre Pintor (born 5 August 2000) is a French footballer who plays as a forward for Olympique Lyonnais in Ligue 1. On 22 August 2017, Pintor signed his first professional contract with Brest for 3 years, joining from SC Bastia. Pintor made his professional debut for Brest on 15 December 2017 in a 4-1 Ligue 2 win over US Quevilly-Rouen, at the age of 17. On 31 August 2018, the last day of the 2018 summer transfer window, Pintor joined Ligue 1 side Olympique Lyonnais on a five-year contract. Brest received transfer fee of €5 million plus",
"title": "Lenny Pintor"
},
{
"id": "7387570",
"text": "player's wages during the loan period. A club might seek to loan out a squad player to make a saving on his wages, or a first team player to regain match fitness following an injury. A loan may be made to get around a transfer window. Such a loan might include an agreed fee for a permanent transfer when the next transfer window opens. Some players are loaned because they are unhappy or in dispute with their current club and no other club wishes to buy them permanently. Examples of this situation include Henri Camara with Wolverhampton Wanderers, Craig Bellamy",
"title": "Loan (sports)"
},
{
"id": "14817784",
"text": "16 September 2017. During his loan spell, Norwood scored 5 goals and played 41 times for Fulham in all competitions including playing in the playoff final, as Fulham earned promotion to Premier League after winning the 2018 Championship play-off Final against Aston Villa at Wembley Stadium on 26 May 2018. On 13 August 2018, Norwood joined Sheffield United in an initial loan deal, with the transfer due to be made permanent in January 2019. He made his debut for the club the following day against Hull City in a league cup tie. The Blades lost 4-5 on penalties following a",
"title": "Oliver Norwood"
},
{
"id": "20715810",
"text": "2018–19 English Football League The 2018–19 season will be the 120th season of the English Football League (EFL) and the third season under that name after it was renamed from The Football League in 2016. It will begin on 3 August 2018 and conclude on 5 May 2019, with the promotion play-off finals at Wembley Stadium on 25–27 May 2019. For the sixth season running, the league is sponsored by Sky Betting & Gaming and is therefore known as the Sky Bet EFL. The EFL is contested through three divisions: the Championship, League One and League Two. The winner and",
"title": "2018–19 English Football League"
},
{
"id": "20679033",
"text": "Thibaut Courtois joined Madrid on 8 August 2018 from Chelsea, while Mateo Kovačić moved to Chelsea on loan. The season started on 15 August, with the 2018 UEFA Super Cup against Atlético Madrid. The game was lost 2–4 after extra time. Karim Benzema and Sergio Ramos gave Madrid the 2–1 lead up until ten minutes before the end of the game. It was the European finals loss after nine wins. The new La Liga season started with a 2–0 victory against Getafe four days later, with goals from Dani Carvajal and Gareth Bale. Against Girona, Madrid came out with a",
"title": "2018–19 Real Madrid C.F. season"
},
{
"id": "20148264",
"text": "Arsenal went on to win 3–1 with goals by Danny Welbeck and Granit Xhaka with the former scoring a brace. The Gunners won the tie 5–1 on aggregate thus taking them into the quarter-finals of the Europa League. Arsenal's announced their first summer signing, Sead Kolašinac, on 6 June 2017. The left-back arrived on a free transfer when his contract at Schalke 04 expired. He was joined by Alexandre Lacazette just under a month later, who joined from Lyon for a reported club-record fee of £46.5 million on 5 July. Arsenal's first January transfer window signing was Greek defender Konstantinos",
"title": "2017–18 Arsenal F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "14660605",
"text": "2–1 away defeat of Arsenal for the League Cup. On 23 July 2015, Southampton manager Ronald Koeman announced that Gardoș would be sidelined for up to seven months after suffering a knee injury in a pre-season friendly with Feyenoord. He finally made his return to the first team in a 5–0 FA Cup loss to Arsenal on 28 January 2017. On 19 February 2018, the last day of the winter transfer window in Romania, Gardoș joined CS Universitatea Craiova on loan for the remainder of the campaign. He made his debut on 31 March in a league fixture against CFR",
"title": "Florin Gardoș"
},
{
"id": "12629187",
"text": "to Caen, for the 2014–15 season. In June 2015, Privat joined En Avant de Guingamp on loan for the 2015–16 season, with an option given to Guingamp to sign him permanently. A year later, Guingamp announced the club had exercised the option. On 31 January 2018, the last day of the 2017–18 winter transfer window, Privat was released from his Guingamp contract and joined Ligue 2 side Valenciennes FC on 1½-year contract until summer 2019. His younger brother Stéphane (born 1998) is also a footballer, who plays as striker for FC Marmande 47. Sloan Privat Sloan Privat (born 24 July",
"title": "Sloan Privat"
},
{
"id": "17433474",
"text": "13 August 2017. He went on to score a further 2 goals before being recalled from his loan spell by his parent club Wolverhampton Wanderers at the beginning of the January transfer window. On 10 January 2018, Evans joined Championship club Sheffield United for an undisclosed fee, believed to be around £750,000 On 10 August 2018, Evans joined fellow Championship club Wigan Athletic on loan until 1 January 2019 when the deal will then be made permanent. Evans made his debut for the Wales under-21 team on 6 September 2013 versus San Marino. On 5 September 2014, Evans scored his",
"title": "Lee Evans (footballer)"
},
{
"id": "20167788",
"text": "an initiative where matches are hosted in stadia on a large screen has been planned to be held across 36 cities in 19 states across the India. This season also will introduce mid-season transfers. The transfer window will be a short five-day transfer window applicable only for uncapped players who have played not more than two matches at the halfway mark of the tournament. Eight teams are scheduled to play in 2018. The tournament involves each team playing every other team twice in a home-and-away, double round-robin format. At the conclusion of the double round-robin league, the top four teams",
"title": "2018 Indian Premier League"
},
{
"id": "20660120",
"text": "season-long loan. Charly Musonda has joined Vitesse on a season-long loan. Fankaty Dabo has joined Sparta Rotterdam on a season-long loan. \"19 September 2018:\" Ethan Ampadu has signed a new contract until 2023. \"3 October 2018:\" Marcel Lewis has signed a first professional contract until 2021. \"22 October 2018:\" Conor Gallagher has signed a new contract until 2021. \"24 October 2018:\" Marcos Alonso has signed a new contract until 2023. \"29 October 2018:\" Charlie Brown has signed a new contract until 2021. \"1 November 2018:\" Chelsea have signed Lucas Bergström from TPS in a permanent deal. \"6 November 2018:\" Jamie",
"title": "2018–19 Chelsea F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "5993044",
"text": "Germany had reached 57%, compared with 39% in Spain and France and 30% in Italy. The last team to field an all-English starting line-up was Aston Villa, ten months before Chelsea's all-foreign starting 11. Although there were leagues already implementing the practice, UEFA decided to enforce a continental transfer window in time for the 2002–03 season. UEFA chief executive Gerhard Aigner said that part of the reason behind making the transfer window compulsory was to \"stop the confusion that has followed Bosman\", and, with regards to it possibly damaging smaller clubs financially, he said it did not make sense that",
"title": "Transfer (association football)"
},
{
"id": "15539357",
"text": "Manchester City. Liverpool. Chelsea, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Newcastle United and Aston Villa complete the top seven, with West Bromwich Albion, Blackburn Rovers and Tottenham Hotspur (all without a point) in the relegation zone. In the Championship, newly promoted Brighton and Hove Albion and Southampton occupy the automatic promotion places, with Derby County, Middlesbrough, West Ham United and Crystal Palace in the playoff places. 1st: The transfer window closes with Mikel Arteta ending six years at Everton to sign for Arsenal in a £10 million deal. Arsène Wenger also brings Chelsea's Yossi Benayoun to the Emirates Stadium, on a loan deal for",
"title": "2011–12 in English football"
},
{
"id": "18238840",
"text": "1–1 draw against Chelsea in which regular left-back Ryan Bertrand was ineligible through being on loan from the visiting team. He was named as Southampton's Young Player of the Season for 2014–15. On 4 August 2017, Targett signed a new five-year contract with Southampton, extending his stay at the club to the summer of 2022. On 22 January 2018, Targett joined Championship club Fulham on loan for the remainder of the season. He scored his first goal for Fulham in a 1–1 draw with Bolton Wanderers on 10 February 2018. On 26 May 2018, Targett won promotion to the Premier",
"title": "Matt Targett (footballer)"
},
{
"id": "5954124",
"text": "the media and means clubs buy too many players\" adding that \"The old system, where if you had a problem you could look at loans or make a short-term purchase, was far better than this system we have at the moment\". Former England Manager Sven-Göran Eriksson has also questioned the value of the transfer window, commenting: \"You do wonder at times if it is right to have a window, it was easier when it was open all the time and perhaps fairer for the players. I am sure much of the business being done on the last day is a",
"title": "Transfer window"
},
{
"id": "18242462",
"text": "for points, and incoming manager Harry Redknapp reverted to a back four and prioritised playing to the team's strengths for the last three matches of the season. He used Bielik only in the final match, away to Bristol City, as a substitute playing in front of the defence to help the team hold on to their one-goal lead and thus avoid relegation to League One. A shoulder injury that required surgery prevented Bielik going out on loan in the summer 2017 transfer window, but on 31 January 2018, he signed for Walsall of League One on loan until the end",
"title": "Krystian Bielik"
},
{
"id": "19649217",
"text": "32 both legs of the UEFA Europa League against Arsenal, as they lost 4–2 on aggregate and eliminated from the competition. Then, on 15 April 2018, he scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–1 win over IFK Göteborg. He started the season, playing in either defensive midfield and right midfield positions. Edwards scored two goals between 19 May 2018 and 23 May 2018 against GIF Sundsvall and IK Sirius. For the rest of the 2018 season, Edwards continued to play in various positions in defence and midfield. He then scored added three more goals as the season",
"title": "Curtis Edwards"
},
{
"id": "19989542",
"text": "be set at $5,200,000. As per the agreement, the cap is fixed and will not vary with league revenue performance. The minimum team salary will be set at $4,600,000 with individual minimum salaries set at $54,000. This will be the last season under the current CBA with this deal expiring May 15, 2019 or the first day of the 2019 training camp, whichever comes first. The 2018 free agency period began on Tuesday, February 13, 2018 at 12pm EST. All players eligible for free agency are unrestricted free agents, as is customary in the league. On March 19, 2018, the",
"title": "2018 CFL season"
},
{
"id": "19143892",
"text": "Everton on 5 January 2017 for an undisclosed fee, reported as an initial £7.5m potentially rising to £11m with add-ons. He made his debut for the club ten days later in a 4–0 victory over Manchester City, replacing Ross Barkley in the 90th minute and scoring the team's fourth goal. Lookman made his first Euro appearance for Everton in a 1–0 win over MFK Ružomberok in the Europa League third qualifying round first leg. Although manager Sam Allardyce stated that Lookman would not be leaving on loan in the January 2018 transfer window, he changed his mind, and the club",
"title": "Ademola Lookman"
},
{
"id": "20376318",
"text": "He joined Kane Wilson, another loanee from his club. The club's assistant manager Matt Oakley commented that he would \"add a real strength in depth to our squad\". He made his debut in a defeat against Notts County. On 4 October 2017, he scored a goal in a Football League Trophy match against Plymouth Argyle. On 26 January 2018, Edwards extended his contract at West Bromwich Albion until 2020. He made his Albion debut as a half-time substitute in the club's 1–0 win against Luton Town in the EFL Cup on 14 August 2018. Edwards has been described by Darren",
"title": "Kyle Edwards (footballer)"
},
{
"id": "17512953",
"text": "failed to acquire other transfer targets, was described as being \"disastrous\" by The Daily Telegraph. After the window closed, some fans demanded the sacking of Woodward. In July 2014, the newly appointed Manchester United coach, Louis van Gaal complained that Manchester United's excessive commercial activities could hamper the team's success and hoped there could be some balance to that. After the 2018 summer transfer window, it was speculated in the media that Woodward had vetoed the transfer targets given to him by manager José Mourinho at the end of the 2017–18 season. This created tension in the club, with Mourinho",
"title": "Ed Woodward"
},
{
"id": "20345574",
"text": "will be held back for at least one week, and possibly two weeks. Spring Training ends on Sun. March 25. He has pitched three scoreless innings in Grapefruit League play this spring, but he had not pitched since March 20 because of a left hamstring sprain suffered after the oblique strain. He will start the season on the DL, manager Mike Matheny announced on March 24. Announced on March 25, Adam Wainwright (#2 starter) will also begin the season on the disabled list, with a left hamstring strain, injured during conditioning drills. He will miss the home opener on April",
"title": "2018 St. Louis Cardinals season"
},
{
"id": "7095161",
"text": "Transfer market The transfer market is the arena in which football players are available for transfer to clubs. The transfer market consists of a transfer list consisting of players available for transfer, and also the money moving between clubs as they contest to purchase and sell these players. For example, a club may be described as having \"money to spend on the transfer market.\" or the \"market\" may be described in similar ways to the stock market. The European transfer market is open between the end of the season and 31 August, and again for a short period in midwinter,",
"title": "Transfer market"
},
{
"id": "20592177",
"text": "matches were played on 27 and 28 October 2018. These matches were played on 27 and 28 October 2018. These matches were played on 27 October 2018. These matches were played on 27 and 28 October 2018. These matches were played on 27 and 28 October 2018. These matches were played on 27 and 28 October 2018. These matches were played on 27 and 28 October 2018. These matches were played on 27 and 28 October 2018. These matches were played on 27 and 28 October 2018. These matches were played on 27 and 28 October 2018. These matches were",
"title": "2018–19 Coupe de France Preliminary Rounds"
},
{
"id": "10448974",
"text": "he scored the second goal in a 2–0 home success over Aston Villa. On 10 August 2015, N'Doye moved to Trabzonspor for £2.2 million. In the following January transfer window he moved clubs and countries again, joining Sunderland until the end of the season. He scored his first goal for the latter on 1 March, converting through a deflected shot to put the hosts ahead in an eventual 2–2 home draw against Crystal Palace. On 2 July 2018, free agent N'Doye returned to F.C. Copenhagen on a one-year contract. 27 days later, in a match against Aalborg Boldspilklub at Parken",
"title": "Dame N'Doye"
},
{
"id": "16766665",
"text": "all competitions scoring 24 goals. On 29 January 2018, Sakho joined Rennes for an undisclosed fee. He scored on his debut, in a 3-2 Coupe de la Ligue defeat against PSG on 30 January 2018. On 31 August 2018, the last day of the 2018 summer transfer window, Sakho joined Süper Lig side Bursaspor on loan for the season. Sakho made his international debut for Senegal in a friendly match against Burkina Faso, on 21 May 2014. His debut goal came four days later, in a 3–1 win over Kosovo. In November 2014 he was recalled to the Senegal squad",
"title": "Diafra Sakho"
},
{
"id": "13404240",
"text": "moving to Sunderland in a loan move until the league end in May, The transfer window closed in England at 5pm, however due to the Scottish transfer window remaining open until midnight, it paved the way for Robbie Keane to join Celtic in a loan deal until the end of the season, to the conclude Tottenham's 2009–10 January transfer window. Tottenham began the month with FA Cup duty, on 2 January, with a third-round tie against Peterborough United at White Hart Lane. Spurs strolled to a 4–0 win, courtesy of a brace from Niko Kranjčar, Jermain Defoe and a late",
"title": "2009–10 Tottenham Hotspur F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "20112958",
"text": "2017–18 English Football League The 2017–18 English Football League (known as the Sky Bet Football League for sponsorship reasons) was the 119th season of the English Football League and was the second under its current name. It began on 4 August 2017 and concluded on 6 May 2018, with the promotion play-off finals at Wembley Stadium on 26–28 May 2018. The EFL is contested through three divisions. The divisions are the Championship, League One and League Two. The winner and the runner up of the Championship will be automatically promoted to the Premier League and they will be joined by",
"title": "2017–18 English Football League"
},
{
"id": "5993035",
"text": "Transfer (association football) In professional football, a transfer is the action taken whenever a player under contract moves between clubs. It refers to the transferring of a player's registration from one association football club to another. In general, the players can only be transferred during a transfer window and according to the rules set by a governing body. Usually some sort of compensation is paid for the player's rights, which is known as a transfer fee. When a player moves from one club to another, their old contract is terminated and they negotiate a new one with the club they",
"title": "Transfer (association football)"
},
{
"id": "4920095",
"text": "to February, and the secondary mid season transfer window runs one month from mid June to mid July. As of the 2018 season, the CSL introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 31-man squad, with 27 Chinese Players, including a player from Hong Kong, Macau and Chinese Taipei, and 4 foreign players. In the transfer window clubs could sign 5 Chinese players at any age, plus 3 under 21 Chinese players; clubs could register 4 foreign players in the winter transfer, and replace two of them in the summer transfer. The record transfer fee for a",
"title": "Chinese Super League"
},
{
"id": "20740234",
"text": "window opened on 9 June. On 7 June 2018, Motherwell announced the signing of Liam Donnelly on an initial two-year contract from Hartlepool United. On 13 June 2018, Motherwell announced the signing of Danny Johnson on a two-year contract from Gateshead. Motherwell announced their fourth signing of the summer on 19 June 2018, with Aaron Taylor-Sinclair signing a one-year contract with the club following the expiration of his Plymouth Argyle contract on 30 June 2018. The following day, 20 June, Motherwell announced the signing of Alex Rodriguez on an initial one-year contract, whilst Ross MacLean moved to Greenock Morton on",
"title": "2018–19 Motherwell F.C. season"
},
{
"id": "10409773",
"text": "Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd Quarter: 3rd Quarter: 4th Quarter: Scoring Summary: 1st Quarter: 2nd",
"title": "2007 Dallas Desperados season"
},
{
"id": "20269835",
"text": "begin=R16_draw /> The draw for the round of 16 onwards was held on 9 February 2018, 13:00 CET, at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. The mechanism of the draws for each round was as follows: <section begin=Bracket /> <section end=Bracket /> <section begin=R16 /> The round of 16 matches were played on 20 and 21 February 2018. <section begin=QF /> The quarter-finals were played on 13 and 14 March 2018. <section begin=SF /> The semi-finals were played on 20 April 2018 at Colovray Stadium, Nyon. <section begin=F /> The final was played on 23 April 2018 at Colovray Stadium,",
"title": "2017–18 UEFA Youth League knockout phase"
},
{
"id": "20323464",
"text": "Sikou Niakaté Sikou Niakaté (born 10 July 1999) is a French professional footballer who plays as a centre back for French club Valenciennes, on loan from En Avant de Guingamp. Niakaté made his professional debut for Valenciennes FC in a 1–0 Ligue 2 loss to Nîmes Olympique on 31 July 2017, making his appearance at the age of 18. On 31 August 2018, the last day of the 2018 summer transfer window, Niakaté joined Ligue 1 side En Avant de Guingamp on a five-year contract. He was immediately loaned back to Valenciennes for the remainder of the season. Niakaté was",
"title": "Sikou Niakaté"
},
{
"id": "20661827",
"text": "broadcast live on UK television: 2018–19 FA Cup The 2018–19 FA Cup (also known as the FA Challenge Cup) is the 138th edition of the oldest recognised football tournament in the world. It is sponsored by Emirates, and known as The Emirates FA Cup for sponsorship purposes. It started with the Extra Preliminary Round on the weekend of 11 August 2018, and will conclude with the final on 18 May 2019. The winner will qualify for the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League group stage. Premier League side Chelsea are the defending champions. The schedule follows All of the competing teams that",
"title": "2018–19 FA Cup"
},
{
"id": "16695701",
"text": "of €700,000. On 17 January 2017, Sanson joined south coast rivals Olympique de Marseille by signing a four-and-a-half-year contract, for an initial fee estimated to be €9 million, plus €3 million in bonuses. On 5 March 2017, he scored a goal in the 56th minute in a 4–1 Ligue 1 away win against Lorient - his first Ligue 1 goal for Marseille. On 3 May 2018, he played in the Europa League semi-finals away to FC Red Bull Salzburg as Marseilles played out a 1–2 away loss but a 3–2 aggregate win to secure a place in the 2018 UEFA",
"title": "Morgan Sanson"
},
{
"id": "14906172",
"text": "he was a regular in the 2016–17 season, scoring 24 goals as his club won the Süper Lig title. He then turned down a move to Premier League club Crystal Palace. In 2017–18, Tosun scored four goals in six match as Beşiktaş won a UEFA Champions League group containing RB Leipzig, Porto and Monaco, including both of a 2–1 win at Monaco on 17 October. On 5 January 2018, Tosun joined Premier League club Everton for a reported £27 million transfer fee, signing a four-and-a-half-year contract with the Merseyside club. He made his debut eight days later, playing 61 minutes",
"title": "Cenk Tosun"
},
{
"id": "13998590",
"text": "it was reported that the club would be willing to cut their losses on Imbula in the summer transfer window. In August 2017 Imbula joined Toulouse on loan for the 2017–18 season. Imbula played 34 times for Toulouse, helping them remain in Ligue 1 after they defeated AC Ajaccio in a relegation play-off. On 30 August 2018, Imbula moved to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on a one-year loan deal. Born to Congolese parents, Imbula was born in Belgium but raised in France, making him eligible for any of these three countries. In 2013, he received a call up from",
"title": "Giannelli Imbula"
},
{
"id": "12570225",
"text": "he was unsure about where his future lay and cited interest from the Premier League, La Liga, Ligue 1 and the Chinese Super League. On 12 July 2017, Costa joined Juventus on loan until the end of the 2017–18 season, for €6 million. Juventus has an option to make the move permanent on 1 July 2018, for an additional €40 million fee (plus €1M in bonuses). On 13 August, he made his club debut, coming on as a substitute in a 3–2 defeat to Lazio in the 2017 Supercoppa Italiana. On 14 October, he scored his first goal for the",
"title": "Douglas Costa"
},
{
"id": "19022666",
"text": "of the Season at the club's end of season awards. On 10 August 2017, after an impressive preseason, Kent signed a new long term contract with Liverpool, and was loaned out to Freiburg for the season on the last day of the summer transfer window.After making just six appearances, Kent's loan spell at Freiburg was terminated and he returned to parent club Liverpool on 8 January. On 12 January 2018, Ryan Kent joined Bristol City on loan until the end of the season. On 22 July 2018, Kent joined Rangers on season-long loan for the 2018/19 season. On 27 August",
"title": "Ryan Kent"
},
{
"id": "20345572",
"text": "in a qualifying offer the Cardinals extended to him in the off-season. Minnesota needed to strengthen their pitching that ranked 19th (of 30) with a 4.59 ERA in 2017. Lynn was 11–8, with a 3.43 ERA with 33 starts in 2017. The signing guarantees the Cardinals will secure a compensatory draft pick. That pick will come after the second round. Tyler O'Neill (OF), 22, is battling a strained, left oblique muscle, and has yet to appear in a game, as of March 4. Arturo Reyes (P), who had an ankle injury at the start of camp, will rejoin the big-league",
"title": "2018 St. Louis Cardinals season"
},
{
"id": "19639030",
"text": "HD and through video on demand in the United States on 11 May 2018 by RLJE Films. The film premiered in the United Kingdom on 26 June 2018 at the Edinburgh International Film Festival as part of the American Dreams Strand. It was released theatrically in limited theatres in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 6 July 2018 by Arrow Films. On 9 September 2016, the first official image of the film was released at the Toronto International Film Festival, featuring Robbie in character. On 21 March 2018, a teaser trailer for the film was released, followed by a full-length",
"title": "Terminal (2018 film)"
},
{
"id": "20345583",
"text": "2.74 ERA in 22 games (19 starts) split between Class A Peoria, and High Class-A in 2017. He struck out 95 batters, and allowed just three home runs in 105 Minor League innings. In the final tweaks to the roster for the regular season on March 28, Alex Reyes was placed on the regular 10-day DL, designated two players: infielder Breyvic Valera, and pitcher Josh Lucas. Francisco Peña was added to the 40-man roster, as was Jordan Hicks. The Cardinals announced their 2018 schedule on September 12, 2017. They open on the road versus the New York Mets on March",
"title": "2018 St. Louis Cardinals season"
}
] | when does the football transfer window open in 2018 |
[
"Great Britain",
"Iroquois Confederacy",
"Wabanaki Confederacy",
"France"
] | [
{
"id": "1121190",
"text": "French and Indian Wars The French and Indian Wars is a name used in the United States for a series of conflicts that occurred in North America between 1688 and 1763 and were related to the European dynastic wars. The title \"French and Indian War\" in the singular is used in the United States specifically for the warfare of 1754–63, the North American colonial counterpart to the Seven Years' War in Europe. The French and Indian Wars were preceded by the Beaver Wars. In Quebec, Canada, a former French colony, the wars are generally referred to as the War of",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "507330",
"text": "Cherokee tribes, and the French colonists were supported by Wabanaki Confederacy member tribes Abenaki and Mi'kmaq, and the Algonquin, Lenape, Ojibwa, Ottawa, Shawnee, and Wyandot tribes. Fighting took place primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies, from the Province of Virginia in the south to Newfoundland in the north. It began with a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny River and Monongahela River called the Forks of the Ohio, and the site of the French Fort Duquesne in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The dispute erupted into violence in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in May",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507328",
"text": "French and Indian War The French and Indian War (1754–63) pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, each side supported by military units from the parent country and by American Indian allies. At the start of the war, the French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers, compared with 2 million in the British colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians. The European nations declared a wider war upon one another overseas in 1756, two years into the French and Indian war, and some view the French and Indian War as being merely",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507329",
"text": "the American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War of 1756–63; however, the French and Indian War is viewed in America as a singular conflict which was not associated with any European war. The name \"French and Indian War\" is used mainly in the United States, referring to the two enemies of the British colonists, while European historians use the term \"Seven Years' War\", as do English-speaking Canadians. French Canadians call it Guerre de la Conquête (the War of the Conquest) or (rarely) the Fourth Intercolonial War. The British colonists were supported at various times by the Iroquois, Catawba, and",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507398",
"text": "War of Independence. This time, France succeeded in prevailing over Britain in what historian Alfred A. Cave describes as French \"revenge for Montcalm's death\". French and Indian War The French and Indian War (1754–63) pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France, each side supported by military units from the parent country and by American Indian allies. At the start of the war, the French colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 settlers, compared with 2 million in the British colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians. The European nations declared a wider war upon",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507342",
"text": "in their authority to make agreements. The Southeast interior was dominated by Siouan-speaking Catawbas, Muskogee-speaking Creeks and Choctaw, and the Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee tribes. When war broke out, the French colonists used their trading connections to recruit fighters from tribes in western portions of the Great Lakes region, which was not directly subject to the conflict between the French and British; these included the Hurons, Mississaugs, Ojibwas, Winnebagos, and Potawatomi. The British colonists were supported in the war by the Iroquois Six Nations and also by the Cherokees, until differences sparked the Anglo-Cherokee War in 1758. In 1758, the Province of",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "1121191",
"text": "the Conquest. Some conflicts involved Spanish and Dutch forces, but all pitted the Kingdom of Great Britain, its colonies, and their Indian allies on one side against France, its colonies, and its Indian allies on the other. A major cause of the wars was the desire of each country to take control of the interior territories of North America, as well as the region around Hudson Bay; both were deemed essential to domination of the fur trade. Whenever the European countries went to war, military conflict also occurred in North America in their colonies, although the dates of the American",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "507344",
"text": "Years' War. Florida's European population was a few hundred, concentrated in St. Augustine and Pensacola. At the start of the war, no French regular army troops were stationed in America, and few British troops. New France was defended by about 3,000 troupes de la marine, companies of colonial regulars (some of whom had significant woodland combat experience). The colonial government recruited militia support when needed. Most of the British colonies mustered local militia companies to deal with Indian threats, generally ill trained and available only for short periods, but they did not have any standing forces. Virginia, by contrast, had",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "1121209",
"text": "Indian tribes becoming the allies of the colonial powers. These alliances were a result of the economic ties that had been formed by the fur trade and by the Indian tribes' need for allies against their Indian rivals. The warfare included the widespread and escalating abuse of civilians on all sides, in which settlements were attacked, both Colonial and Indian, the residents killed or abducted, and houses and crops burned. French and Indian Wars The French and Indian Wars is a name used in the United States for a series of conflicts that occurred in North America between 1688 and",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "507338",
"text": "term \"War of Conquest\" (\"Guerre de la Conquête\"), since it is the war in which Canada was conquered by the British and became part of the British Empire. In Quebec, this term was promoted by popular historians Jacques Lacoursière and Denis Vaugeois, who borrowed from the ideas of Maurice Séguin in considering this war as a dramatic tipping point of French Canadian identity and nationhood. At this time, America east of the Mississippi River was largely claimed by either Great Britain or France. Large areas had no colonial settlements. The French population numbered about 75,000 and was heavily concentrated along",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507334",
"text": "the Colony of Canada (part of New France). They succeeded in capturing territory in surrounding colonies and ultimately the city of Quebec (1759). The British later lost the Battle of Sainte-Foy west of Quebec (1760), but the French ceded Canada in accordance with the Treaty of Paris (1763). France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Spanish Florida. (Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba.) France's",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507349",
"text": "colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present. The War of the Austrian Succession (better known as King George's War) formally ended in 1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which was primarily focused on resolving issues in Europe. The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies were turned over to a commission, but it reached no decision. Frontier areas were claimed by both sides, from Nova Scotia and Acadia in the north to the Ohio Country in the south. The disputes also extended into the Atlantic Ocean, where both powers",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "10479412",
"text": "received his first commission as Ensign in the 1st Battalion, colonial troops. John Brady fought in the French and Indian War. The French and Indian War was a colonial war fought between the British, the French and the Indian allies of the French. The British possessions in North America were located on the Atlantic Coast of North America and the French possessions were located in present-day Canada, centered mostly in Quebec. Both the British and the French made conflicting territorial claims on their respective frontiers, principally in present-day Michigan, western Pennsylvania and Ohio. The dispute simmered and flashed for many",
"title": "Samuel Brady"
},
{
"id": "507331",
"text": "1754, during which Virginia militiamen under the command of 22 year-old George Washington ambushed a French patrol. In 1755, six colonial governors in North America met with General Edward Braddock, the newly arrived British Army commander, and planned a four-way attack on the French. None succeeded, and the main effort by Braddock proved a disaster; he lost the Battle of the Monongahela on July 9, 1755 and died a few days later. British operations failed in the frontier areas of the Province of Pennsylvania and the Province of New York during 1755–57 due to a combination of poor management, internal",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507336",
"text": "fought on both sides of the conflict. It also led into the Seven Years' War overseas, a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain that did not involve the American colonies; some historians make a connection between the French and Indian War and the Seven Years' War overseas, but most residents of the United States consider them as two separate conflicts—only one of which involved the American colonies, and American historians generally use the traditional name. Less frequently used names for the war include the \"Fourth Intercolonial War\" and the \"Great War for the Empire\". In Europe, the French",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507385",
"text": "blockade of the French coast. British victories continued in all theaters in a year later called the Annus Mirabilis. The British proceeded to wage a campaign in the northwest frontier of Canada in an effort to cut off the French frontier forts to the west and south. The British captured Ticonderoga, Fort Niagara, as well as the defeat the French at the Thousand Islands in the summer of 1759. In September 1759, James Wolfe defeated Montcalm at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, in a battle that claimed the lives of both commanders. Subsequently after the battle, the city",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "15048233",
"text": "fought for control of North America with the assistance of both Native American and colonial allies. The \"French and Indian War\" differed from previous confrontations, however, because earlier wars consisted primarily of skirmishes between small units of the European powers aided by local militiamen. The \"French and Indian War\" was part of a \"great war for empire\" which was a determined and successful attempt by the British to attain a dominant position in North America, the India and the West Indies. Although the war began in America, it expanded into Europe and was known as the \"Seven Years' War\" (1756–1763).",
"title": "French in Syracuse, New York"
},
{
"id": "1121198",
"text": "closed formations in the open. Although ultimately futile, the French fought according to the tactical doctrine contemporaries called \"la Petite guerre\", or today's guerilla warfare. The numerical inferiority of the French forces in North America made it impossible to fight a war according to standard European tactics. Hence the French to a large extent made use of indigenous allies (see below). The small French population; New France's dependence on the fur trade, mutually profitable for both Frenchmen and Native Americans; and the common threat from the British colonies, made the indigenous peoples willing allies. The Battle of the Monongahela was",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "14211959",
"text": "four major wars between Britain and France for control of North America, the most important of which were Queen Anne's War, in which the British won French Acadia (Nova Scotia), and the final French and Indian War (1754–1763), when France lost all of Canada. This final war gave thousands of colonists military experience, including George Washington, which they put to use during the American Revolution. Britain and France fought a series of four French and Indian Wars, followed with another war in 1778 when France joined the Americans in the American Revolution. The French settlers in New France were outnumbered",
"title": "Colonial American military history"
},
{
"id": "507373",
"text": "William Johnson and New York's Governor Sir Charles Hardy, and consequently gained little support. Newcastle replaced him in January 1756 with Lord Loudoun, with Major General James Abercrombie as his second in command. Neither of these men had as much campaign experience as the trio of officers whom France sent to North America. French regular army reinforcements arrived in New France in May 1756, led by Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm and seconded by the Chevalier de Lévis and Colonel François-Charles de Bourlamaque, all experienced veterans from the War of the Austrian Succession. On May 18, 1756, Britain formally declared",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507374",
"text": "war on France, which expanded the war into Europe and came to be known as the Seven Years' War. Governor Vaudreuil had ambitions to become the French commander in chief, in addition to his role as governor, and he acted during the winter of 1756 before those reinforcements arrived. Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain, so he ordered an attack against the forts which Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry. In the Battle of Fort Bull, French forces destroyed the fort and large quantities of supplies, including 45,000 pounds of gunpowder. They set back any",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507335",
"text": "colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Great Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in America. In British America, wars were often named after the sitting British monarch, such as King William's War or Queen Anne's War. There had already been a King George's War in the 1740s during the reign of King George II, so British colonists named this conflict after their opponents, and it became known as the \"French and Indian War\". This continues as the standard name for the war in the United States, although Indians",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "14881716",
"text": "known as the French and Indian War, was the last of four wars that occurred in North America at the same time as a European conflict. However, by 1759, the British had gone onto the offensive in America and captured Quebec, the French colonial capital. Fighting also occurred on the Indian subcontinent during Louis XV's reign. During the War of the Austrian Succession, French troops captured several settlements in India, but its allies were defeated by British troops in 1756. On the whole, the Seven Years' War went badly for the French, who were forced to sign an unfavorable treaty",
"title": "French Royal Army (1652–1830)"
},
{
"id": "17756476",
"text": "Carignan-Salières Regiment, under the direction of Pierre de Saurel. The French and Indian Wars continued with a series of intermittent conflicts between the years 1688 to 1763 as follows: King William's War (1688–1697); Queen Anne's War (1702–1713); King George's War (1744–1748); and the French and Indian War (1754–1763). The Treaty of Paris (1763) was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. The signing of the treaty formally ended the French and Indian Wars and marked the beginning",
"title": "Battle of Sorel"
},
{
"id": "1402986",
"text": "Beginning in 1689, the colonies became involved in a series of wars between Great Britain and France for control of North America, the most important of which were Queen Anne's War, in which the British conquered French colony Acadia, and the final French and Indian War (1754–63) when Britain was victorious over all the French colonies in North America. This final war was to give thousands of colonists, including Virginia colonel George Washington, military experience which they put to use during the American Revolutionary War. In the struggle for control of North America, the contest between Great Britain and France",
"title": "Military history of the United States"
},
{
"id": "507389",
"text": "continued deployment of British troops, and it was not resolved until 1766. The war in North America officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763, and war in the European theater was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763. The British offered France the choice of surrendering either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, which had been occupied by the British. France chose to cede the former but was able to negotiate the retention of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, two",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "1113054",
"text": "Queen Anne's War Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) was the second in a series of French and Indian Wars fought in England's Thirteen American Colonies; in Europe, it is viewed as the North American theater of the War of the Spanish Succession. It was fought between France and England (plus England's colonial forces) for control of the American continent, while the War of the Spanish Succession was primarily fought in Europe. The war also involved numerous American Indian tribes allied with each nation, and Spain was allied with France. It is also known as the Third Indian War or in France",
"title": "Queen Anne's War"
},
{
"id": "1731039",
"text": "First Indochina War The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina on 19 December 1946, and lasted until 20 July 1954. Fighting between French forces and their Việt Minh opponents in the south dated from September 1945. The conflict pitted a range of forces, including the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps, led by France and supported by Bảo Đại's Vietnamese National Army against the Việt Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh and the People's Army of Vietnam led by Võ Nguyên Giáp.",
"title": "First Indochina War"
},
{
"id": "4600163",
"text": "Battle of Fort Frontenac The Battle of Fort Frontenac took place on August 26–28, 1758 during the Seven Years' War (referred to as the French and Indian War in North America) between France and Great Britain. The location of the battle was Fort Frontenac, a French fort and trading post which is located at the site of present-day Kingston, Ontario, at the eastern end of Lake Ontario where it drains into the St. Lawrence River. British Lieutenant Colonel John Bradstreet led an army of over 3,000 men, of whom about 150 were regulars and the remainder were provincial militia. The",
"title": "Battle of Fort Frontenac"
},
{
"id": "507366",
"text": "the frontier between Nova Scotia and Acadia. Braddock led about 1,500 army troops and provincial militia on the Braddock expedition in June 1755 to take Fort Duquesne, with George Washington as one of his aides. The expedition was a disaster. It was attacked by French regulars, Canadian militiamen, and Indian warriors ambushing them from hiding places up in trees and behind logs, and Braddock called for a retreat. He was killed and approximately 1,000 British soldiers were killed or injured. The remaining 500 British troops retreated to Virginia, led by Washington. Washington and Thomas Gage played key roles in organizing",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507339",
"text": "the St. Lawrence River valley, with some also in Acadia (present-day New Brunswick and parts of Nova Scotia), including Île Royale (Cape Breton Island). Fewer lived in New Orleans, Biloxi, Mississippi, Mobile, Alabama, and small settlements in the Illinois Country, hugging the east side of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. French fur traders and trappers traveled throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds, did business with local Indian tribes, and often married Indian women. Traders married daughters of chiefs, creating high-ranking unions. British settlers outnumbered the French 20 to 1 with a population of about 1.5 million ranged along",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507387",
"text": "nephew William Amherst, who regained control of Newfoundland after the Battle of Signal Hill in September 1762. Many troops from North America were reassigned to participate in further British actions in the West Indies, including the capture of Spanish Havana when Spain belatedly entered the conflict on the side of France, and a British expedition against French Martinique in 1762 led by Major General Robert Monckton. Governor Vaudreuil in Montreal negotiated a capitulation with General Amherst in September 1760. Amherst granted his requests that any French residents who chose to remain in the colony would be given freedom to continue",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "9464066",
"text": "François-Marie Picoté de Belestre François-Marie Picoté, sieur de Belestre II (17 November 1716 – 30 March 1793) was a colonial soldier for both New France and Great Britain. As a soldier in the French troupes de la marine, Belestre fought against British and American colonial troops for 30 years, from Nova Scotia to the Mississippi River valley. Belestre became famous during the wars between France and Great Britain, serving in the North American theater of the Seven Years' War, also known as the French and Indian War (1754–63). He was one of the last officers of New France to surrender",
"title": "François-Marie Picoté de Belestre"
},
{
"id": "507341",
"text": "for furs with local Indian tribes. In between the French and British colonists, large areas were dominated by Indian tribes. To the north, the Mi'kmaqs and the Abenakis were engaged in Father Le Loutre's War and still held sway in parts of Nova Scotia, Acadia, and the eastern portions of the province of Canada, as well as much of Maine. The Iroquois Confederation dominated much of upstate New York and the Ohio Country, although Ohio also included Algonquian-speaking populations of Delaware and Shawnee, as well as Iroquoian-speaking Mingos. These tribes were formally under Iroquois rule and were limited by them",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507343",
"text": "Pennsylvania successfully negotiated the Treaty of Easton in which a number of tribes in the Ohio Country promised neutrality in exchange for land concessions and other considerations. Most of the other northern tribes sided with the French, their primary trading partner and supplier of arms. The Creeks and Cherokees were subject to diplomatic efforts by both the French and British to gain either their support or neutrality in the conflict. By this time, Spain claimed only the province of Florida in eastern America; it controlled Cuba and other territories in the West Indies that became military objectives in the Seven",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "1121196",
"text": "the major fur trade routes leading to the interior of North America. These were normally along lakes and rivers and stretching from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. Many Native American Nations lived by these routes, and became involved in the wars between the great powers of Europe. The belligerents built fortified positions at major transportation hubs and requested the help of the local Native population to defend these, and to attack enemy positions. A common view is that European combat methods and military tactics were not adapted to the American forests and to the Native American art of war. It",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "507361",
"text": "many of the Canadians, including their commanding officer Joseph Coulon de Jumonville, whose head was reportedly split open by Tanaghrisson with a tomahawk. Historian Fred Anderson suggests that Tanaghrisson was acting to gain the support of the British and to regain authority over his own people. They had been inclined to support the French, with whom they had long trading relationships. One of Tanaghrisson's men told Contrecoeur that Jumonville had been killed by British musket fire. Historians generally consider the Battle of Jumonville Glen as the opening battle of the French and Indian War in North America, and the start",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507386",
"text": "was capitulated to the British. In April 1760, François Gaston de Lévis led French forces in the attempt to retake the city. Although victorious in battle, French attempts to retake Quebec City was prevented with the British naval victory at Restigouche, a naval battle that saw the loss of French ships meant to resupply Lévis' army. Most of the fighting ended in continental North America in 1760, although it continued in Europe between France and Britain. The notable exception was the French seizure of St. John's, Newfoundland. General Amherst heard of this surprise action and immediately dispatched troops under his",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "5173142",
"text": "Battle of Jumonville Glen The Battle of Jumonville Glen, also known as the Jumonville affair, was the opening battle of the French and Indian War fought on May 28, 1754, near what is present-day Hopwood and Uniontown in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. A company of colonial militia from Virginia under the command of Lieutenant Colonel George Washington, and a small number of Mingo warriors led by Tanacharison (also known as \"Half King\"), ambushed a force of 35 Canadiens under the command of Joseph Coulon de Villiers de Jumonville. The British colonial force had been sent to protect a fort under construction",
"title": "Battle of Jumonville Glen"
},
{
"id": "2371564",
"text": "designated and federally protected reservations. The colonization of North America by the English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and Swedish was resisted by some Indian tribes and assisted by other tribes. Wars and other armed conflicts in the 17th and 18th centuries included: In several instances, warfare in North America was a reflection of European rivalries, with American Indian tribes splitting their alliances among the powers, siding with their trading partners. Various tribes fought on each side in King William's War, Queen Anne's War, Dummer's War, King George's War, and the French and Indian War, allying with British or French colonists according",
"title": "American Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "507371",
"text": "Lawrence ordered the deportation of the French-speaking Acadian population from the area. Monckton's forces, including companies of Rogers' Rangers, forcibly removed thousands of Acadians, chasing down many who resisted and sometimes committing atrocities. Cutting off supplies to Louisbourg led to its demise. The Acadian resistance was sometimes quite stiff, in concert with Indian allies including the Mi'kmaq, with ongoing frontier raids against Dartmouth and Lunenburg, among others. The only clashes of any size were at Petitcodiac in 1755 and at Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757, other than the campaigns to expel the Acadians ranging around the Bay of",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "1121194",
"text": "people resented British efforts to limit their colonization of the new French territories to the west of the Appalachian Mountains, as stated in the Proclamation of 1763, in an effort to relieve encroachment on Indian territory. These pressures contributed to the American Revolutionary War. The first three of the French and Indian Wars followed the same basic pattern: they all started in Europe and then moved to North America. Once the conflict broke out in North America, it was mostly fought by colonial militias. The final conflict broke this pattern by beginning in North America. In addition, the British used",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "507333",
"text": "after several disastrous campaigns in 1757, including a failed expedition against Louisbourg and the Siege of Fort William Henry; this last was followed by Indians torturing and massacring their British victims. William Pitt came to power and significantly increased British military resources in the colonies at a time when France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces that they had in New France, preferring to concentrate their forces against Prussia and its allies who were now engaged in the Seven Years' War in Europe. Between 1758 and 1760, the British military launched a campaign to capture",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507360",
"text": "Trent's small company to withdraw. He purchased their construction tools to continue building what became Fort Duquesne. Dinwiddie had ordered Washington to lead a larger force to assist Trent in his work, and Washington learned of Trent's retreat while he was en route. Mingo sachem Tanaghrisson had promised support to the British, so Washington continued toward Fort Duquesne and met with him. He then learned of a French scouting party in the area, so he combined Tanaghrisson's force with his own and surprised the Canadians on May 28 in what became known as the Battle of Jumonville Glen. They killed",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507370",
"text": "reluctant to attack. The two forces finally met in the bloody Battle of Lake George between Fort Edward and Fort William Henry. The battle ended inconclusively, with both sides withdrawing from the field. Johnson's advance stopped at Fort William Henry, and the French withdrew to Ticonderoga Point, where they began the construction of Fort Carillon (later renamed Fort Ticonderoga after the British captured it in 1759). Colonel Monckton captured Fort Beauséjour in June 1755 in the sole British success that year, cutting off the French Fortress Louisbourg from land-based reinforcements. To cut vital supplies to Louisbourg, Nova Scotia's Governor Charles",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "1121201",
"text": "period. When war began, the several colonies organized their own military forces, provincial troops, through temporary enlistments. The soldiers came from the lower orders of society, which did not strengthen their reliability or efficiency. Massachusetts Bay, New York and Connecticut usually mobilized large contingents, while the southern colonies always very reluctantly contributed to the imperial cause. The British Army did not have high opinions of the battleworthiness of the provincial troops, with the exception of the ranger units. During conjoint operations the provincial troops were subject to the very strict British Articles of War. The officers of the provincial troops",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "9028797",
"text": "Treaty of Tellico Blockhouse. The Northwest Indian War, which the Cherokee were also involved in, ended with the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. The French and Indian War (1754–1763) and the related European theater conflict known as the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) laid many of the foundations for the conflict between the Cherokee and the American settlers on the frontier. These tensions on the frontier broke out into open hostilities with the advent of the American Revolution. The action of the French and Indian War in North America included the Anglo-Cherokee War, lasting 1758–1761. British forces under general James Grant",
"title": "Cherokee–American wars"
},
{
"id": "507382",
"text": "chief after the failures of 1757. Pitt's plan called for three major offensive actions involving large numbers of regular troops supported by the provincial militias, aimed at capturing the heartlands of New France. Two of the expeditions were successful, with Fort Duquesne and Louisbourg falling to sizable British forces. The Forbes Expedition was a British campaign in September–October 1758, with 6,000 troops led by General John Forbes sent to drive out the French from the contested Ohio Country. The French withdrew from Fort Duquesne and left the British in control of the Ohio River Valley. The great French fortress at",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "1121206",
"text": "the British colonies. This was only true, however, when they were employed as home guard or as wilderness warriors. Besides a combat role, the Canadian militia also fulfilled important tasks behind the lines, such as transportation and road building. The Iroquois League played an important strategic role in the struggle between Britain and France over northeastern America because of its location east and south of Lake Ontario. The League's aggressive military and commercial policy gave the Iroquois control over large parts of the country, forcing many smaller Indian nations into submission. The Covenant Chain joined the Iroquois with the colony",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "1121205",
"text": "colonial marines. The Swiss regiment de Karrer also operated under the Royal French Navy. Its depot was in Rochefort, but its companies served in North American and the Caribbean. In 1754 six battalions from the regiments Artois, Béarn, Bourgogne, Guyenne, Languedoc, and La Reine were transferred to New France. In 1757 two additional battalions arrived from Royal Roussilon and La Sarre, followed the next year by two battalions from de Berry. An artillery company was also sent over the Atlantic. The Canadian colonial militia enjoyed a substantially higher morale and battleworthiness than the British provincial troops and the militia of",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "507391",
"text": "gained Louisiana from France, including New Orleans, in compensation for their losses. Great Britain and Spain also agreed that navigation on the Mississippi River was to be open to vessels of all nations. The war changed economic, political, governmental, and social relations among the three European powers, their colonies, and the people who inhabited those territories. France and Britain both suffered financially because of the war, with significant long-term consequences. Britain gained control of French Canada and Acadia, colonies containing approximately 80,000 primarily French-speaking Roman Catholic residents. The deportation of Acadians beginning in 1755 made land available to immigrants from",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "6991498",
"text": "Raid on Pickawillany The Raid on Pickawillany is an armed conflict in Ohio history that contributed to the French and Indian War between France and Great Britain, the North American front of the Seven Years' War. On June 21, 1752, Charles Michel de Langlade, a Métis \"coureur de bois\" led 240 French-allied Ottawa and Ojibwa Indians in an attack on the Miami Indian village of \"Pickawillany.\" French and British colonists were competing for control of the fur trade in the Ohio Country as part of their overall struggle for dominance in North America. The French also wished to punish Miami",
"title": "Raid on Pickawillany"
},
{
"id": "507359",
"text": "the steps which they had taken to fortify the area, and their intention to fortify the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers. Even before Washington returned, Dinwiddie had sent a company of 40 men under William Trent to that point where they began construction of a small stockaded fort in the early months of 1754. Governor Duquesne sent additional French forces under Claude-Pierre Pécaudy de Contrecœur to relieve Saint-Pierre during the same period, and Contrecœur led 500 men south from Fort Venango on April 5, 1754. These forces arrived at the fort on April 16, but Contrecœur generously allowed",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507378",
"text": "amid news that a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry. French irregular forces (Canadian scouts and Indians) harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757. In January, they ambushed British rangers near Ticonderoga. In February, they launched a raid against the position across the frozen Lake George, destroying storehouses and buildings outside the main fortification. In early August, Montcalm and 7,000 troops besieged the fort, which capitulated with an agreement to withdraw under parole. When the withdrawal began, some of Montcalm's Indian allies attacked the British column because they were angry about the lost opportunity for loot,",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "13127480",
"text": "period of a few years, British colonists arrived from the East and contended against the Canadians for control of the lucrative fur trade. Fighting between the French and British colonists occurred throughout the 1750s as a result. The Native American tribes of Indiana sided with the French Canadians during the French and Indian War (also known as the Seven Years' War). With British victory in 1763, the French were forced to cede to the British crown all their lands in North America east of the Mississippi River and north and west of the colonies. The tribes in Indiana did not",
"title": "Indiana"
},
{
"id": "6556961",
"text": "Battle of Beauport The Battle of Beauport, also known as the Battle of Montmorency, fought on 31 July 1759, was an important confrontation between the British and French Armed Forces during the Seven Years' War (also known as the French and Indian War and the War of Conquest) of the French province of Canada. The attack conducted by the British against the French defense line of Beauport, some five kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Quebec was checked, and the British soldiers of General James Wolfe retreated with 443 casualties and losses. The French and Indian War campaigns of 1758 were",
"title": "Battle of Beauport"
},
{
"id": "507357",
"text": "French held their claim. He ordered 21 year-old Major George Washington (whose brother was another Ohio Company investor) of the Virginia Regiment to warn the French to leave Virginia territory in October 1753. Washington left with a small party, picking up Jacob Van Braam as an interpreter, Christopher Gist (a company surveyor working in the area), and a few Mingos led by Tanaghrisson. On December 12, Washington and his men reached Fort Le Boeuf. Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces after Marin died on October 29, and he invited Washington to dine with him.",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507346",
"text": "lead a military expedition through the area. Its objectives were: Céloron's expedition force consisted of about 200 Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians, and they covered about between June and November 1749. They went up the St. Lawrence, continued along the northern shore of Lake Ontario, crossed the portage at Niagara, and followed the southern shore of Lake Erie. At the Chautauqua Portage near Barcelona, New York, the expedition moved inland to the Allegheny River, which it followed to the site of Pittsburgh. There Céloron buried lead plates engraved with the French claim to the Ohio Country. Whenever he",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "9464086",
"text": "with an inimitable German phonetization\" in a Paris journal. François-Marie Picoté de Belestre François-Marie Picoté, sieur de Belestre II (17 November 1716 – 30 March 1793) was a colonial soldier for both New France and Great Britain. As a soldier in the French troupes de la marine, Belestre fought against British and American colonial troops for 30 years, from Nova Scotia to the Mississippi River valley. Belestre became famous during the wars between France and Great Britain, serving in the North American theater of the Seven Years' War, also known as the French and Indian War (1754–63). He was one",
"title": "François-Marie Picoté de Belestre"
},
{
"id": "9755247",
"text": "The French and Indian War broke out in 1754 between British and French colonists over territorial disputes along their colonial frontiers, and escalated the following year to include regular troops. By 1756, the French had enjoyed successes in most of their frontier battles against the British. Their only notable failure occurred when the British stopped their southward advance from Lake Champlain in the 1755 Battle of Lake George. From bases at Fort St. Frédéric (located at what is now Crown Point, New York) and Fort Carillon (known to the British as Fort Ticonderoga), the French and their Indian allies continued",
"title": "Battle on Snowshoes"
},
{
"id": "1121208",
"text": "France's chief allies were the \"indiens domiciliés\" (resident Indians) who lived at the Catholic missions in New France. Religious reasons and the need for a refuge from the English attack motivated their dislocation to French territory. At the end of the French and Indian wars, all resident Indians were joined in the confederation of the Seven Nations of Canada. A pattern of warfare emerged during the clashes between the European colonial powers and the American Indians which characterized the four major French and Indian wars. The complex network of relations was fundamental between some Indian tribes and some colonies, the",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "507353",
"text": "attacked the trading centre at Pickawillany, capturing three traders and killing 14 Miami Indians, including Old Briton. He was reportedly ritually cannibalized by some Indians in the expedition party. In the spring of 1753, Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000-man force of Troupes de la Marine and Indians. His orders were to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British. Marin followed the route that Céloron had mapped out four years earlier. Céloron, however, had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates, whereas Marin constructed and garrisoned",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507365",
"text": "was neither ratified by the colonial legislatures nor approved of by the Crown. Nevertheless, the format of the congress and many specifics of the plan became the prototype for confederation during the War of Independence. The British formed an aggressive plan of operations for 1755. General Braddock was to lead the expedition to Fort Duquesne, while Massachusetts governor William Shirley was given the task of fortifying Fort Oswego and attacking Fort Niagara. Sir William Johnson was to capture Fort St. Frédéric at Crown Point, New York, and Lieutenant Colonel Robert Monckton was to capture Fort Beauséjour to the east on",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507362",
"text": "of hostilities in the Ohio valley. Following the battle, Washington pulled back several miles and established Fort Necessity, which the Canadians attacked under the command of Jummonville's brother at the Battle of Fort Necessity on July 3. Washington surrendered and negotiated a withdrawal under arms. One of his men reported that the Canadian force was accompanied by Shawnee, Delaware, and Mingo warriors—just those whom Tanaghrisson was seeking to influence. News of the two battles reached England in August. After several months of negotiations, the government of the Duke of Newcastle decided to send an army expedition the following year to",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "4718097",
"text": "Joseph Coulon de Jumonville Joseph Coulon de Villiers, Sieur de Jumonville (8 September 1718 – May 28, 1754) was a French Canadian military officer. His defeat and killing at the Battle of Jumonville Glen by forces led by George Washington was one of the sparks that ignited the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War on the North American front. Jumonville was born in the seigneury of Verchères, New France (now part of Quebec), the son of Nicolas-Antoine Coulon de Villiers, a French military officer. He began service with the French military at age 15, in his",
"title": "Joseph Coulon de Jumonville"
},
{
"id": "507332",
"text": "divisions, effective Canadian scouts, French regular forces, and Indian warrior allies. In 1755, the British captured Fort Beauséjour on the border separating Nova Scotia from Acadia, and they ordered the expulsion of the Acadians (1755–64) soon afterwards. Orders for the deportation were given by William Shirley, Commander-in-Chief, North America, without direction from Great Britain. The Acadians were expelled, both those captured in arms and those who had sworn the loyalty oath to the King. Indians likewise were driven off the land to make way for settlers from New England. The British colonial government fell in the region of Nova Scotia",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "15048234",
"text": "At the same time, the war spread into Asia as the \"Third Carnatic War\". The \"French and Indian War\" not only stripped France of its North American empire, it also caused Britain to change its relationship to its colonies, a change that eventually led to the \"American Revolution\". During the \"French and Indian War\" (1754–1763), Native Americans were allied with both sides. The Iroquois sided with the British against the French and their Algonquin allies who were traditionally the enemies of the Iroquois. The \"Old French Fort\" at the \"Mission of Sainte Marie\" was one of the first attempts to",
"title": "French in Syracuse, New York"
},
{
"id": "1395147",
"text": "Braddock's army was routed and Braddock was killed. Later that same year at the Battle of Lake George, the British General William Johnson with a force of 1700 American and Iroquois troops defeated a French force of 2800 French and Canadians and 700 Native Americans led by Baron Dieskau (Military commander of New France). The fight for control over Ohio Country led to the French and Indian War, which began as the North American phase of the Seven Years' War (which did not technically begin in Europe until 1756). The war began with the defeat of a Virginia militia contingent",
"title": "New France"
},
{
"id": "507392",
"text": "Europe and migrants from the colonies to the south. The British resettled many Acadians throughout its American provinces, but many went to France and some went to New Orleans, which they had expected to remain French. Some were sent to colonize places as diverse as French Guiana and the Falkland Islands, but these efforts were unsuccessful. Others migrated to places such as Saint-Domingue or fled to New Orleans after the Haitian Revolution. The Louisiana population contributed to the founding of the modern Cajun population. (The French word \"Acadien\" changed to \"Cadien\" then to \"Cajun\".) Following the treaty, King George III",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "1497566",
"text": "Edward Braddock Major General Edward Braddock (January 1695 – 13 July 1755) was a British officer and commander-in-chief for the Thirteen Colonies during the actions at the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763), which is also known in Europe and Canada as the Seven Years' War (1756–1763). He is generally best remembered for his command of a disastrous expedition against the French-occupied Ohio River Valley in 1755, in which he lost his life. (Both Virginia and Pennsylvania claimed this territory by their Royal grants.) The son of Major-General Edward Braddock of the Coldstream Guards and his wife, Braddock",
"title": "Edward Braddock"
},
{
"id": "1121204",
"text": "militia was more important than its counterpart in British America. The French colonies were administrated through the secretary of state for the navy, and naval troops garrisoned New France. The French marines were organized into independent companies called \"Compagnies franches.\" During the French and Indian War, naval gunner-bombardier companies were also stationed in North America. The other ranks of the marines were enlisted in France, but the officer corps became increasingly Canadian through recruitment of officers' sons. All promotions were by merit; purchase of commissions was prohibited. The British rangers were an attempt to replicate the tactics of the French",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "8664725",
"text": "George Washington in the French and Indian War George Washington's military experience began in the French and Indian War with a commission as a major in the militia of the British Province of Virginia. In 1753 Washington was sent as an ambassador from the British crown to the French officials and Indians as far north as present-day Erie, Pennsylvania. The following year he led another expedition to the area to assist in the construction of a fort at present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Before reaching that point, he and some of his men, accompanied by Indian allies, ambushed a French scouting party.",
"title": "George Washington in the French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "5016904",
"text": "Southern Colonies worked primarily in agriculture, on farms and plantations growing indigo, rice, cotton, and tobacco for export. The French and Indian War, fought between 1754 and 1763, was the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War. The conflict, the fourth such colonial war between France and Britain in North America, resulted in the British acquisition of New France, with its French Catholic population. Under the Treaty of Paris signed in 1763, the French ceded control of French Louisiana east of the Mississippi River to the British, which became known as the Indian Reserve. The religious ties between the",
"title": "United Kingdom–United States relations"
},
{
"id": "507352",
"text": "de Longueuil. His permanent replacement was to be the Marquis Duquesne, but he did not arrive in New France until 1752 to take over the post. The continuing British activity in the Ohio territories prompted Longueuil to dispatch another expedition to the area under the command of Charles Michel de Langlade, an officer in the Troupes de la Marine. Langlade was given 300 men, including French-Canadians and warriors of the Ottawa tribe. His objective was to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following Céloron's orders to cease trading with the British. On June 21, the French war party",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507364",
"text": "June 8, 1755, capturing her and two troop ships. The British harassed French shipping throughout 1755, seizing ships and capturing seamen. These actions contributed to the eventual formal declarations of war in spring 1756. An early important political response to the opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress in June and July, 1754. The goal of the congress was to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians, since allegiance of the various tribes and nations was seen to be pivotal in the war that was unfolding. The plan that the delegates agreed to",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "3992975",
"text": "Henry Bouquet Henry Louis Bouquet, generally known as Henry Bouquet (1719 – 2 September 1765), was a prominent British Army officer in the French and Indian War and Pontiac's War. Bouquet is best known for his victory over a Native American force at the Battle of Bushy Run, lifting the siege of Fort Pitt during Pontiac's War. Bouquet was born into a moderately wealthy family in Rolle, Swiss Confederacy, the oldest of seven brothers. The son of a Swiss roadhouse owner and his well-to-do wife, he entered military service at the age of 17. Like many military officers of his",
"title": "Henry Bouquet"
},
{
"id": "14030796",
"text": "Louisbourg Expedition (1757) The Louisbourg Expedition (1757) was a failed British attempt to capture the French Fortress of Louisbourg on Île Royale (now known as Cape Breton Island) during the Seven Years' War (known in the United States as the French and Indian War). The French and Indian War started in 1754 over territorial disputes between the North American colonies of France and Great Britain in areas that are now western Pennsylvania and upstate New York. The first few years of the war had not gone particularly well for the British. A major expedition by General Edward Braddock in 1755",
"title": "Louisbourg Expedition (1757)"
},
{
"id": "1121199",
"text": "the largest achievement of the petty warfare tactics. But at the end of the French and Indian War British numerical superiority became overwhelming, in spite of almost the whole male population of Canada being mobilized, and standard European tactics won the day and the war. The British military forces consisted of the British Army's regular regiments and independent companies; the provincial regiments raised by the several colonies in British America, and the colonial militia. The British Army had two types of units in North America: regular regiments serving in the colonies for a longer or shorter period of time, normally",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "507383",
"text": "Louisbourg in Nova Scotia was captured after a siege. The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon, in which 3,600 Frenchmen defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000 regulars, militia, and Indian allies outside the fort which the French called Carillon and the British called Ticonderoga. Abercrombie saved something from the disaster when he sent John Bradstreet on an expedition that successfully destroyed Fort Frontenac, including caches of supplies destined for New France's western forts and furs destined for Europe. Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst, victor at Louisbourg. The French had generally",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "507363",
"text": "dislodge the French. They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition. Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America. In response, King Louis XV dispatched six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dieskau in 1755. The British sent out their fleet in February 1755, intending to blockade French ports, but the French fleet had already sailed. Admiral Edward Hawke detached a fast squadron to North America in an attempt to intercept them. In a second British action, Admiral Edward Boscawen fired on the French ship \"Alcide\" on",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "1121197",
"text": "is therefore conjectured that the English colonists designed new combat techniques, inspired by the Indian combat methods. These techniques, which included cover and stressed ambushes, is supposed to have been the reason why the colonists finally defeated the French, and then the British army during the American Revolutionary War. In reality, however, the French and Indian wars were finally won by Britain through the application of traditional European tactics. The Fortress of Louisbourg surrendered twice after sieges conducted according to the rules of European warfare, and the Battle of the Plains of Abraham 1759 was a European battle fought in",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "14368950",
"text": "British America and New France. The North American portion of the British-French struggle culminated in the Seven Years' War, referred to as the French and Indian War in the United States. The war secured British predominance in Northern America, and saw the end of French-rule in New France. At the war's conclusion, the French were forced to cede all its possessions east of the Mississippi River and Canada to the British; as well as cede its Louisiana territory to the Spanish. The Spanish in turn, ceded Spanish Florida to the British. The beginning of the next phase was marked by",
"title": "Military history of North America"
},
{
"id": "14144974",
"text": "line, five forts and 12 000 men; he held the governor for ransom. Investors in this venture doubled their money, and Duguay-Trouin earned a promotion to \"Lieutenant général de la Marine\". Northern America became an important theater of the conflict between France and Great Britain in the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), known as the French and Indian War. The royal French forces allied with the various Native American forces in a Franco-Indian alliance. The conflict, the fourth such colonial war between the nations of France and Great Britain, resulted in the British conquest of Canada. The outcome was one of",
"title": "France–Americas relations"
},
{
"id": "7215257",
"text": "to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions. The war has been called the first \"world war\", because fighting took place on several different continents. In 1759 the British enjoyed victories over the French in Europe, Canada and India, severely weakening the French",
"title": "France–United Kingdom relations"
},
{
"id": "1376715",
"text": "Battle of Carillon The Battle of Carillon, also known as the 1758 Battle of Ticonderoga, was fought on July 8, 1758, during the French and Indian War (which was part of the global Seven Years' War). It was fought near Fort Carillon (now known as Fort Ticonderoga) on the shore of Lake Champlain in the frontier area between the British colony of New York and the French colony of New France. In the battle, which took place primarily on a rise about three-quarters of a mile (one km) from the fort itself, a French army of about 3,600 men under",
"title": "Battle of Carillon"
},
{
"id": "9755245",
"text": "Battle on Snowshoes The 1758 Battle on Snowshoes occurred on March 13, 1758, during the French and Indian War. It was fought by members of British Ranger companies led by Robert Rogers against French troops and Indians allied to France. The battle took place near Lake George, now in northern New York, but then in the frontier area between the British province of New York and the French province of Canada. The battle was given its name because the British combatants were wearing snowshoes. Rogers led a band of about 180 rangers and regulars out to scout French positions. The",
"title": "Battle on Snowshoes"
},
{
"id": "925699",
"text": "power between the tribes became more equalized and the slave raids stopped. Allied with the British, the Chickasaw were often at war with the French and the Choctaw in the 18th century, such as in the Battle of Ackia on May 26, 1736. Skirmishes continued until France ceded its claims to the region east of the Mississippi River after being defeated by the British in the Seven Years' War (called the French and Indian War in North America). Following the American Revolutionary War, in 1793-94, Chickasaw fought as allies of the new United States under General Anthony Wayne against the",
"title": "Chickasaw"
},
{
"id": "507351",
"text": "at Logstown. He completed the 1752 Treaty of Logstown in which the local Indians agreed to terms through their \"Half-King\" Tanacharison and an Iroquois representative. These terms included permission to build a strong house at the mouth of the Monongahela River on the modern site of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. By the late 17th century, the Iroquois had pushed many tribes out of the Ohio Valley, and they laid claim to it as their hunting ground by right of conquest. Governor-General of New France Marquis de la Jonquière died on March 17, 1752, and he was temporarily replaced by Charles le Moyne",
"title": "French and Indian War"
},
{
"id": "2233861",
"text": "continual warfare, including the Seven Years' War, known in America as the French and Indian War (1756–63), the American Revolutionary War (1775–83), the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802), the Irish Rebellion of 1798, and the Napoleonic Wars (1803–15). The British won most of the wars except for the American Revolution, where the combined weight of the United States, France, Spain and the Netherlands overwhelmed Britain, which stood alone without allies. The loss of some of the American Colonies in the American War of Independence was regarded as a national disaster and was seen by some foreign observers as heralding the end",
"title": "Georgian era"
},
{
"id": "1549723",
"text": "in 1745 near Sandusky Bay in Ohio country. Pontiac continued to support the French during the French and Indian War (1754–1763) against British colonists and their allied Native Americans. He may have taken part in the famous French and Indian victory over the Braddock expedition on July 9, 1755, although there is no direct evidence. In one of the earliest accounts of Pontiac, Robert Rogers, a noted British frontier soldier, claimed to have met with the warrior chief in 1760, although many details in Rogers' story are unreliable. Rogers wrote a play about Pontiac called \"Ponteach: or the Savages of",
"title": "Pontiac (Ottawa leader)"
},
{
"id": "3196190",
"text": "long as the precarious balance in the American interior survived, British and French colonies coexisted without serious difficulty. However, beginning in earnest following the Glorious Revolution in England (1688), the simmering dynastic, religious, and factional rivalries between the Protestant British and Catholic French in both Europe and the Americas triggered four \"French and Indian Wars\" fought largely on American soil (King William's War, 1689–97; Queen Anne's War, 1702–13; King George's War, 1744–48; and, finally the Seven Years' War, 1756–63). Great Britain finally removed the French from continental North America in 1763 following French defeat in the Seven Years' War. Within",
"title": "France–United States relations"
},
{
"id": "7779494",
"text": "often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg – was a conflict between Louis XIV of France and a European coalition of Austria, the Holy Roman Empire, the Dutch Republic, Spain, England and Savoy. It was fought in Europe and the surrounding seas, North America and in India. It is sometimes considered the first global war. The conflict encompassed the Williamite war in Ireland and Jacobite risings in Scotland, where William III and James II struggled for control of England and Ireland, and a campaign in colonial North America between French and",
"title": "French–Habsburg rivalry"
},
{
"id": "1970866",
"text": "colonies for many years. The northern colonies experienced numerous assaults from the Wabanaki Confederacy and the French from Acadia during the four French and Indian Wars, particularly present-day Maine and New Hampshire, as well as Father Rale's War and Father Le Loutre's War. One event that reminded colonists of their shared identity as British subjects was the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748) in Europe. This conflict spilled over into the colonies, where it was known as \"King George's War\". The major battles took place in Europe, but American colonial troops fought the French and their Indian allies in New",
"title": "Colonial history of the United States"
},
{
"id": "1114453",
"text": "King George's War King George's War (1744–1748) is the name given to the military operations in North America that formed part of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748). It was the third of the four French and Indian Wars. It took place primarily in the British provinces of New York, Massachusetts Bay, New Hampshire, and Nova Scotia. Its most significant action was an expedition organized by Massachusetts Governor William Shirley that besieged and ultimately captured the French fortress of Louisbourg, on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, in 1745. In French, it is known as the \"Troisième Guerre Intercoloniale\"",
"title": "King George's War"
},
{
"id": "1580957",
"text": "Treaty of Paris (1763) The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War. The signing of the treaty formally ended the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War in the North American theatre, and marked the beginning of an era of British dominance outside Europe. Great Britain and France each returned much of the territory that they had captured during the war, but",
"title": "Treaty of Paris (1763)"
},
{
"id": "1121203",
"text": "militiaman had to provide himself with a musket, knapsack, powder, bullets, flints, and sword. Each local community organized its own militia. The officers were either appointed by the governor or elected by the men. The main task of the local militia was local defense, rarely serving in the field but acting as a more or less efficient home guard. The Compagnies Franches de la Marine, the colonial marines, contained the core of the military forces of New France. It was only during the French and Indian War that units from the Royal French Army were transferred to Canada. The colonial",
"title": "French and Indian Wars"
},
{
"id": "2358606",
"text": "Cape Breton Island—the fortress of Louisbourg, called \"Gibraltar of the North\" or the \"Dunkirk of America.\" New France and New England were at war with one another three times during the 18th century. The second and third colonial wars, Queen Anne's War and King George's War, were local offshoots of larger European conflicts—the War of the Spanish Succession (1702–13), the War of the Austrian Succession (1744–48). The last, the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), started in the Ohio Valley. The \"petite guerre\" of the Canadiens devastated the northern towns and villages of New England, sometimes reaching as far",
"title": "Military history of Canada"
},
{
"id": "609609",
"text": "Cherokee were victorious in the Battle of Taliwa. British soldiers built forts in Cherokee country to defend against the French in the Seven Years' War, which was fought across Europe and was called the French and Indian War on the North American front. These included Fort Loudoun near Chota. In 1756 the Cherokee were allies of the British in the French and Indian War. Serious misunderstandings arose quickly between the two allies, resulting in the 1760 Anglo-Cherokee War. King George III's Royal Proclamation of 1763 forbade British settlements west of the Appalachian crest, as his government tried to afford some",
"title": "Cherokee"
},
{
"id": "16247258",
"text": "the Massachusetts Militia in 1690 when the Plymouth Colony was absorbed into the Massachusetts Colony. During the century that intervened between the end of King Philip's War and the Revolutionary War, France and Great Britain fought a series of wars for the control of North America. The Taunton Militia was called upon by the British to fight against the French and their Indian allies in all of these wars: King William’s War (1689–1697), Queen Anne’s War (1702–1713), King George’s War (1744–1748) and the French and Indian War (1756–1763), which culminated in a victory for the British. In 1703 the Taunton",
"title": "Army National Guard and Active Regular Army Units with Colonial Roots"
},
{
"id": "1857142",
"text": "continuing to fight in the war, which won him much gratitude from Johnson. Starting at about age 15 during the French and Indian War (part of the Seven Years' War), Brant took part with Mohawk and other Iroquois allies in a number of British actions against the French in Canada: James Abercrombie's 1758 expedition via Lake George that ended in utter defeat at Fort Carillon; Johnson's 1759 Battle of Fort Niagara; and Jeffery Amherst's 1760 expedition to Montreal via the St. Lawrence River. He was one of 182 Native American warriors awarded a silver medal from the British for his",
"title": "Joseph Brant"
}
] | who fought during the french and indian war |
|
| [
{
"id": "405719",
"text": "was released for the Super NES on November 21, 1991. It was later re-released for the Game Boy Advance on March 14, 2003, in North America, on a cartridge with \"\", the first multiplayer \"Zelda\", and then through Nintendo's Virtual Console service on January 22, 2007. In addition, both this game (unchanged, except for being converted into a downloadable format) and an exclusive \"loosely based\" sequel (which used the same game engine) called \"BS Zelda no Densetsu Inishie no Sekiban\" were released on the Satellaview in Japan on March 2, 1997, and March 30, 1997, respectively. In 1994, near the",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405717",
"text": "released in Japan on February 21, 1986, on the Famicom Disk System. A cartridge version, using battery-backed memory, was released in the United States on August 22, 1987, and Europe on November 27, 1987. The game features a \"Second Quest,\" accessible either upon completing the game, or by registering one's name as \"ZELDA\" when starting a new quest. The Second Quest features different dungeons and item placement, and more difficult enemies. The second game, \"\", was released for the Famicom Disk System in Japan on January 14, 1987, and for the Nintendo Entertainment System in Europe in November 1988 and",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405686",
"text": "The Legend of Zelda The Legend of Zelda is an action-adventure video game franchise created by Japanese game designers Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka. It is primarily developed and published by Nintendo, although some portable installments and re-releases have been outsourced to Capcom, Vanpool, and Grezzo. The series' gameplay incorporates elements of action, adventure, and puzzle-solving games. The series centers on Link, the playable character and chief protagonist. Link is often given the task of rescuing Princess Zelda and the kingdom of Hyrule from Ganon, who is the principal antagonist of the series; however, other settings and antagonists have appeared",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405766",
"text": "license from Nintendo, mostly in Japan. These cartoons are usually not involved with the chronology of the actual games. A number of official books, novels, and gamebooks have been released based on the series as well. The earliest was \"Moblin's Magic Spear\", published in 1989 by Western Publishing under their Golden Books Family Entertainment division and written by Jack C. Harris. It took place sometime during the first game. Two gamebooks were published as part of the \"Nintendo Adventure Books\" series by Archway, both of which were written by Matt Wayne. The first was \"The Crystal Trap\" (which focuses more",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405745",
"text": "Game & Watch series was released first in August 1989 as a dual-screen handheld electronic game similar in appearance to today's Nintendo DS. It was re-released in 1998 as a Toymax, Inc. Mini Classic and was later included as an unlockable extra in \"Game & Watch Gallery 4\", a 2002 compilation for the Game Boy Advance. While the Game & Watch \"Zelda\" was developed in-house by Nintendo, the subsequent two LCD games were developed by third parties under license by Nintendo. In October 1989, \"The Legend of Zelda\" was developed by Nelsonic as part of its Game Watch line. This",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405741",
"text": "\"Four Swords Anniversary Edition\" from September 28, 2011, to February 20, 2012, as a free DSiWare download and \"Skyward Sword\" for the Wii, which was released on November 18, 2011, in Europe; on November 20, 2011, in the United States; and on November 24, 2011, in Australia. A limited edition \"Zelda\" 25th anniversary 3DS was released on December 1, 2011, in Australia. \"\", a remaster of the original GameCube game, was released by Nintendo on September 20, 2013, digitally on the Nintendo eShop in North America with a retail release on September 26 in Japan, October 4 in North America",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "1426811",
"text": "commercials made under Bill White, director of advertising and public relations, was the market introduction for the \"Legend of Zelda\", which received a great deal of attention in the ad industry. In it, a wiry-haired, nerdy guy (John Kassir) walks through the dark making goofy noises, yelling out the names of some enemies from the game, and screaming for Zelda. \"The Legend of Zelda\" was a bestseller for Nintendo, selling over 6.5 million copies; it was the first NES title to sell over 1 million. It was reissued in 1992 as part of Nintendo's \"Classic Series\" and featured a grey",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (video game)"
},
{
"id": "405767",
"text": "on Zelda) and the second was \"The Shadow Prince\". Both were released in 1992. A novel based on \"Ocarina of Time\" was released in 1999, written by Jason R. Rich and published by Sybex Inc. under their \"Pathways to Adventure\" series. Another two gamebooks were released as part of the \"You Decide on the Adventure\" series published by Scholastic. The first book was based on \"Oracle of Seasons\" and was released in 2001. The second, based on \"Oracle of Ages\", was released in 2002. Both were written by Craig Wessel. In 2006, Scholastic released a novel as part of their",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "1426790",
"text": "of \"The Legend of Zelda\" series, it was originally released in Japan as a launch title for the Family Computer Disk System peripheral in 1986. More than a year later, North America and Europe received releases on the Nintendo Entertainment System in cartridge format, being the first home console title to include an internal battery for saving data. This version was later released in Japan in 1994 under the title The Hyrule Fantasy: The Legend of Zelda 1. The game was ported to the GameCube and Game Boy Advance, and is available via the Virtual Console on the Wii, Nintendo",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (video game)"
},
{
"id": "405769",
"text": "The book received an international release by publisher Dark Horse Comics on January 29, 2013; it took the number one spot on Amazon's sales chart, taking the spot away from E. L. James's \"50 Shades of Grey\" trilogy. Dark Horse released \"The Legend of Zelda: Art & Artifacts\", a follow-up art book to \"Hyrule Historia\" containing additional artwork and interviews, in North America on February 21, 2017, and in Europe on February 23, 2017. Taking place in Cologne, Germany, on September 23, 2010, the video game music concert \"Symphonic Legends\" focused on music from Nintendo and, among others, featured games",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405737",
"text": "status as a direct sequel to \"The Wind Waker\", and released an extensive playable demo, including a multiplayer mode with \"capture the flag\" elements. \"Phantom Hourglass\" was released on June 23, 2007, in Japan, October 1, 2007, in North America and October 19, 2007, in Europe. The next \"Legend of Zelda\" for the DS, \"\", was released December 7, 2009, in North America and December 11, 2009, in the UK. In this game, the 'spirit tracks', railroads which chain an ancient evil, are disappearing from Hyrule. Zelda and Link go to the 'Spirit Tower' (the ethereal point of convergence for",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405721",
"text": "as a launch game for the Game Boy Color in 1998 as \"Link's Awakening DX\". This re-release features additions such as an extra color-based dungeon and a photo shop that allows interaction with the Game Boy Printer. After a five-year hiatus, the series made the transition to 3D with \"\" for the Nintendo 64, which was released in November 1998. This game, initially known as \"Zelda 64\", retains the core gameplay of the previous 2D games, and was very successful commercially and critically. It is considered by many critics and gamers to be the best video game of all time,",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "8141760",
"text": "by Dark Horse Comics on 29 January 2013. It released in North America, Europe, and Australia. It was intended to sell for US$35 but many retailers sold it for around $20. Dark Horse started with a print run of 250,000 but expanded that to nearly 400,000 given demand for the book. A Collector's Edition was also released. The concept of the book was well-received, although reviewers leveled some criticisms at specific choices in the book. IGN gave it a score of 8.4 out of 10. Destructoid recommended it to general \"Zelda\" fans but not to casual ones. Some reviewers complained",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Hyrule Historia"
},
{
"id": "2148732",
"text": "Zelda II: The Adventure of Link Zelda II: The Adventure of Link is an action role-playing video game with platforming elements. The second installment in \"The Legend of Zelda\" series, it was developed and published by Nintendo for the Family Computer Disk System on January 14, 1987, less than a year after the original \"The Legend of Zelda\" was released and seven months before North America saw the release of the first \"Zelda\" title. The game was released in North America and the PAL region for the Nintendo Entertainment System in late 1988, almost two years after its initial release",
"title": "Zelda II: The Adventure of Link"
},
{
"id": "18805434",
"text": "Zelda and the kingdom of Hyrule from Ganon, who is the series' principal antagonist; however, other settings and antagonists have appeared in several games. The plots commonly involve a relic known as the Triforce, a set of three omnipotent golden triangles. Since the original \"The Legend of Zelda\"'s release in 1986, the series has expanded to include 19 entries on all of Nintendo's major game consoles, as well as a number of spin-offs. An American animated TV series based on the games aired in 1989. Individual manga adaptations commissioned by Nintendo have been produced in Japan since 1997. \"The Legend",
"title": "Characters of The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "3903985",
"text": "are six chapters in the first book, and nine in the second. Some of the added information in the manga is added to explain certain points; for example, in the manga pierced ears is a traditional rite of Sheikah passage, although this is not included in the game. The series was published in English by Viz Media in North America as Volumes 1 and 2, respectively. SEASON 1 [2012] SEASON 2 [2012-2013] Released in 2000, and the English version in 2009, it is an adaptation of \"\", continuing from where the previous adaptation ended. It is one volume, and the",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (manga)"
},
{
"id": "405687",
"text": "in several games. The plots commonly involve a relic known as the Triforce, a set of three omnipotent golden triangles. The protagonist in each game is usually not the same incarnation of Link, but a few exceptions exist. Since the original \"The Legend of Zelda\" was released in 1986, the series has expanded to include 19 entries on all of Nintendo's major game consoles, as well as a number of spin-offs. An American animated TV series based on the games aired in 1989 and individual manga adaptations commissioned by Nintendo have been produced in Japan since 1997. \"The Legend of",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "2148765",
"text": "series. Zelda II: The Adventure of Link Zelda II: The Adventure of Link is an action role-playing video game with platforming elements. The second installment in \"The Legend of Zelda\" series, it was developed and published by Nintendo for the Family Computer Disk System on January 14, 1987, less than a year after the original \"The Legend of Zelda\" was released and seven months before North America saw the release of the first \"Zelda\" title. The game was released in North America and the PAL region for the Nintendo Entertainment System in late 1988, almost two years after its initial",
"title": "Zelda II: The Adventure of Link"
},
{
"id": "1426791",
"text": "3DS and Wii U. It was also as one of 30 games included within the NES Classic system, and is featured debuting among NES Switch Online’s library of titles. \"The Legend of Zelda\" was a bestseller for Nintendo, selling over 6.5 million copies. It is often featured in lists of games considered the greatest or most influential. A much different sequel for the same system, \"\", was first released in Japan less than a year after its predecessor. Eventually spawning many more successive titles and a number of spin-offs in over 30 years, the series has been established as among",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (video game)"
},
{
"id": "405747",
"text": "designer Jon Norris was tasked with designing the table. Before it was completed, Gottlieb decided to repurpose the game with an \"American Gladiators\" theme. Licensing for this version ultimately fell through and the game was released as simply \"Gladiators\" (November 1993). In 1998, Nintendo cancelled \"The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time Ura\". Originally intended as an expansion disk for \"\" on the Nintendo 64DD, poor sales figures for the N64DD system led Nintendo to cancel its plans for the release. In 2002, Nintendo released a bonus disc called \"\". It contained emulated versions of \"Ocarina of Time\" and \"Ocarina",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "1426821",
"text": "\"1\" at the end of the title. In 2001, the original game was re-released in the GameCube game \"Animal Crossing\". The only way to unlock the game is by using an Action Replay. An official re-release was included in 2003's \"The Legend of Zelda: Collector's Edition\" for the GameCube, and the game was again re-released on the Game Boy Advance in 2004 along with its sequel, \"\", as part of the Famicom Mini/Classic NES Series. In 2006, it was released on the Wii's Virtual Console, and a timed demo of the game was released for the 2008 Wii game \"Super",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (video game)"
},
{
"id": "405734",
"text": "and Europe, and January 2005 in America, Nintendo released \"\" for the Game Boy Advance. In \"The Minish Cap\" Link can shrink in size using a mystical, sentient hat named Ezlo. While shrunk, he can see previously explored parts of a dungeon from a different perspective, and enter areas through otherwise-impassable openings. In November 2006, \"\" was released as the first \"Zelda\" game on the Wii, and later, in December 2006, as the last official Nintendo game for the GameCube, the console for which it was originally developed. The Wii version features a reversed world where everything that is in",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "3571679",
"text": "The Legend of Zelda (TV series) The Legend of Zelda is an American animated series based on the Japanese video game series \"The Legend of Zelda\" by Nintendo. The plot follows the adventures of Link and Princess Zelda as they defend the kingdom of Hyrule from an evil wizard named Ganon. It is heavily based on the first game of the \"Zelda\" series, \"The Legend of Zelda\", but includes some references to the second, \"\". The show was produced by DIC Animation City and distributed by Viacom Enterprises in association with Nintendo of America, Inc. It comprises thirteen episodes which",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "405718",
"text": "North America in December 1988. The game exchanged the top-down perspective for side-scrolling (though the top-down point of view was retained for overworld areas), and introduced RPG elements (such as experience points) not used previously or thereafter in the series. \"The Legend of Zelda\" and \"Zelda II\" were released in gold-coloured cartridges instead of the console's regular grey cartridges. Both were re-released in the final years of the Nintendo Entertainment System with grey cartridges. Four years later, \"\" returned to the top-down view (under a 3/4 perspective), and added the concept of an alternate dimension, the Dark World. The game",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405710",
"text": "Mask\", followed by \"Twilight Princess\" and \"Four Swords Adventures\". The timeline from his adult life continues into \"Wind Waker\", \"Phantom Hourglass\" and \"Spirit Tracks\". In the early 2000s, Nintendo of America released a timeline on the official website of the series, which interpreted all stories up to the \"Oracle\" games as the adventures of a single protagonist named Link. At one point, translator Dan Owsen and his coworkers at Nintendo of America had conceived another complete timeline and intended to make it available online. However, the Japanese series developers rejected the idea so the timeline would be kept open to",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405748",
"text": "of Time Master Quest\" with a number of modifications originally planned for release in \"Ocarina of Time Ura\" including GUI textures and text modified to reflect the GameCube. In 2001, under license from Nintendo, Capcom cancelled the release of \"The Legend of Zelda: Mystical Seed of Courage\" for Game Boy Color. Working with a Capcom team, Yoshiki Okamoto was originally tasked with designing a series of three \"Zelda\" games for the Game Boy Color. Referred to as the \"Triforce Series\", the games were known as \"The Legend of Zelda: The Mysterious Acorn: Chapter of Power\", \"Chapter of Wisdom\", and \"Chapter",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "3571684",
"text": "\"Sing for the Unicorn\", when Link zaps Sing during a fight, but to no avail. Edited versions of the episodes were a part of \"Captain N and the Video Game Masters\" from 1992–93. \"The Legend of Zelda\" was featured on every Friday episode of \"the Super Mario Bros. Super Show!\" in place of the \"Super Mario Bros.\" cartoons. Each episode ran for about fifteen minutes. The series was made in association with Nintendo of America, produced by DIC Entertainment, and distributed for syndicated television by Viacom Enterprises (now CBS Television Distribution). Due to its syndicated nature, only one season of",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "405725",
"text": "incentive for \"\" in the U.S., Canada and Japan. Europe continued to receive it free in every copy of \"\", except for the discounted Player's Choice version. It includes what is widely believed to be the remnants of a cancelled 64DD expansion for Ocarina of Time known as \"Ura Zelda\" in early development. Named \"\", the game was given the addition of revamped, more difficult dungeon layouts. \"Ocarina of Time\" was included as part of the \"\" for the GameCube in 2003. It is now available through the Wii's Virtual Console service. In 2011, Nintendo released a new version of",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "18805433",
"text": "Characters of The Legend of Zelda This is a list of notable and recurring fictional characters from \"The Legend of Zelda\" series of video games developed by Nintendo. The Legend of Zelda is a high-fantasy action-adventure video game series created by Japanese game designers Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka. It is primarily developed and published by Nintendo, although some portable installments have been outsourced to Capcom, Vanpool and Grezzo. The series' gameplay incorporates elements of action, adventure and puzzle-solving games. The series centers on Link, the playable character and chief protagonist. Link is often given the task of rescuing Princess",
"title": "Characters of The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405746",
"text": "game was an actual digital watch with primitive gameplay based on the original \"Legend of Zelda\". In 1992, Epoch Co. developed \"\" for its Barcode Battler II console. The game employed card-scanning technology similar to the later-released Nintendo e-Reader. Throughout the lifespan of \"The Legend of Zelda\" series, a number of games (including main series games as well as re-releases and spin-offs) in varying states of completeness have had their releases cancelled. Perhaps the earliest of these was Gottlieb's \"The Legend of Zelda Pinball Machine\" (cancelled 1993). After securing a license from Nintendo to produce two Nintendo-franchise-based pinball machines, pinball",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "8800980",
"text": "were both released in North America on October 10, 1993, and \"Zelda's Adventure\" was developed by Viridis and was released in North America on June 5, 1994. The games were given little funding or development time, and Nintendo provided only cursory input. None of the games are canonical to the \"Zelda\" franchise. The Philips CD-i did not sell well and the games saw relatively small sales figures. Though the games initially received largely positive reviews, they have been universally criticized since the mid-2000s. This is attributed to the reaction of many gamers to the obscure games' full motion video cutscenes",
"title": "CD-i games from The Legend of Zelda series"
},
{
"id": "3571688",
"text": "of the associated the \"Super Mario Bros. Super Show!\" live action segments; some were included as bonus features. This release has been discontinued and is out of print. NCircle Entertainment re-released the complete series on May 22, 2012. \"The Legend of Zelda\" was originally shown in the early 1990s on the early morning TV show, \"TV-am\". They were not commissioned for a second run. They were also shown on CITV in the 1990s within the \"Super Mario Bros. Super Show!\", and on Channel 4 on its Sunday morning kids line up, which included shows such as Jayce and the Wheeled",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "405699",
"text": "Arthurian legend, first mentioned in Welsh mythology; Mabinogion as; 'Caledfwlch' Excalibur. The similarities lay with the swords being kept in stone until the chosen one 'hero' takes it out to save the land. \"The Legend of Zelda\" takes place predominantly in a medieval Western Europe-inspired fantasy land called Hyrule, which has developed a deep history and wide geography over the series' many releases. Much of the backstory of the creation of Hyrule was revealed in the games \"\", \"\", \"\", \"\", \"\", and \"\". Hyrule's principal inhabitants are pointy-eared humanoids called Hylians, which include the player character, Link, and the",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "14371992",
"text": "theme as a demo for their 2004 sophomore album, \"At Dawn\", which was released in 2007 as part of the \"At Dawn/Tennessee Fire Demos Package\". The * indicates the hidden tracks not listed on the album case. The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (original soundtrack) The Legend of Zelda: Original Sound Track is a soundtrack album by composer Koji Kondo, featuring the complete score to the 1998 Nintendo 64 video game \"\". It was released in November 1998 through Nintendo of America (United States) and on December 18, 1998 through Pony Canyon (Japan). The 35-track U.S. edition, made available",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (original soundtrack)"
},
{
"id": "8025580",
"text": "positive reception. It holds an aggregate score of 91.70% and 95 at GameRankings and Metacritic respectively. The game was a top seller in Japan following its release. It was the second highest title in number of sales the week of its release, and was number six the following week with 0.04 million units. It sold 1.63 million copies in North America , and 0.29 million in Japan . \"GamePro\"s Star Dingo called it a \"masterpiece,\" as well as an \"important part of the Grand Renaissance of the Second Dimension.\" He also praised the overworld for its secrets and \"quirky random",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past and Four Swords"
},
{
"id": "1426816",
"text": "many features in common with RPGs and served as the template for the action role-playing game genre. The game's fantasy setting, musical style and action-adventure gameplay were adopted by many RPGs. Its commercial success helped lay the groundwork for involved, non-linear games in fantasy settings, such as those found in successful RPGs, including \"Crystalis\", \"Soul Blazer\", Square's \"Seiken Densetsu\" series, \"Alundra\", and \"Brave Fencer Musashi\". The popularity of the game also spawned several clones trying to emulate the game. \"The Legend of Zelda\" spawned a solitary , many prequels and spin-offs and is one of Nintendo's most popular series. It",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (video game)"
},
{
"id": "8025560",
"text": "The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past and Four Swords The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past and Four Swords is an action-adventure game co-developed by Nintendo and Capcom and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance. The game was released on December 2, 2002, in North America; on March 14, 2003, in Japan; and on March 28, 2003, in Europe and Australia. The cartridge contains a modified port of \"\" (originally released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System) and an original multiplayer-only game titled \"The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords\", which serves as the",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past and Four Swords"
},
{
"id": "405708",
"text": "\"The Wind Waker\". At the time of its release, \"\" for the Game Boy Advance was considered the oldest tale in the series' chronology, with \"Four Swords Adventures\" set sometime after its events. \"The Minish Cap\" precedes the two games, telling of the origins of villain Vaati and the creation of the Four Sword. \"\" takes place six generations after \"Link to the Past\". Important events that occur in the game include the Triforce being reunited, and Ganon being resurrected. Nintendo's 2011 timeline announcement subsequently posits that following \"Ocarina of Time\", the timeline splits into three alternate routes: in one,",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "1426918",
"text": "comic was then re-released as a trade paperback in 1993. The comic is a loose adaptation of the original game's story, featuring several plot changes and new characters. Two other manga were released in Japan: a manga by Ataru Cagiva from 1995 to 1996 that was serialized in Enix Corporation's \"Monthly GFantasy\" and later collected into three volumes and a one-volume manga by the duo Akira Himekawa released in 2005 corresponding with the release of Game Boy Advance version. Both follow the game's plot more closely, and the latter introduced a new character called \"Ghanti\", a thief with a single",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past"
},
{
"id": "405706",
"text": "in Japan in December 2011. Prior to its release, producers confirmed the existence of a confidential document, which connected all the games. Certain materials and developer statements once partially established an official timeline of the released installments. \"\" is a direct sequel to the original \"The Legend of Zelda\", and takes place several years later. The third game, \"\", is a prequel to the first two games, and is directly followed by \"Link's Awakening\". \"\" is a prequel that takes the story many centuries back; according to character designer Satoru Takizawa, it was meant to implicitly tell the story of",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405688",
"text": "Zelda\" is one of Nintendo's most prominent and successful franchises, selling over 80 million copies as of 2017; many of its games are considered by critics to be among the greatest video games of all time. \"The Legend of Zelda\" games feature a mixture of puzzles, action, adventure/battle gameplay, and exploration. These elements have remained constant throughout the series, but with refinements and additions featured in each new game. Later games in the series also include stealth gameplay, where the player must avoid enemies while proceeding through a level, as well as racing elements. Although the games can be beaten",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "14371989",
"text": "The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (original soundtrack) The Legend of Zelda: Original Sound Track is a soundtrack album by composer Koji Kondo, featuring the complete score to the 1998 Nintendo 64 video game \"\". It was released in November 1998 through Nintendo of America (United States) and on December 18, 1998 through Pony Canyon (Japan). The 35-track U.S. edition, made available through \"Nintendo Power\" magazine, does not contain all of the tracks that are included on the 82-track Japanese release, but includes six hidden tracks not listed on the album's back cover. Furthermore, the U.S. edition omits most",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (original soundtrack)"
},
{
"id": "405750",
"text": "playable characters for the Wii version of \"\". However, they didn't make the final release because they weren't Marvel characters. In 2011, an unnamed Zelda 25th Anniversary Compilation was cancelled. To celebrate the 25th anniversary of the series, Nintendo of America originally had planned to release a compilation of games together for the Wii, similar to the collector's edition disc released for the GameCube in 2003. However Nintendo of Japan's president Satoru Iwata and Shigeru Miyamoto disagreed in releasing it, believing it would be too similar to the Super Mario 25th Anniversary game released in 2010. As the franchise has",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "1426825",
"text": "market, and copies have sold for over . From August 6, 1995, to September 2, 1995, Nintendo, in collaboration with the St.GIGA satellite radio network, began broadcasts of a substantially different version of the original \"The Hyrule Fantasy: Legend of Zelda\" for a Super Famicom peripheral, the Satellaview—a satellite modem add-on. The game, titled , was released for download in four episodic, weekly installments which were rebroadcast at least four times between the game's 1995 premier and January 1997. \"BS Zelda\" was the first Satellaview game to feature a \"SoundLink\" soundtrack—a streaming audio track through which, every few minutes, players",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (video game)"
},
{
"id": "3571686",
"text": "this block from 1992–1993 in syndication, and from 1993–1995 on USA Network. Clips previewing the episodes were shown in the middle of the live-action segments when the \"Mario\" cartoon was shown. These clips were cut out of the video releases and Yahooligans! TV, but were restored for the \"Super Mario Bros. Super Show\" DVD set (except for \"King Mario of Cramalot\"). \"Zelda\" was first released in the early 1990s along with the \"Super Mario Bros.\" cartoon. It was produced in the form of two-episode VHS tapes in four volumes; the gold color of the VHS slipcases matched that of the",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "405760",
"text": "Ever\" competition. , \"The Legend of Zelda\" franchise has sold over 80 million copies, with the original \"The Legend of Zelda\" being the fourth best-selling NES game of all time. The series was ranked as the 64th top game (collectively) by \"Next Generation\" in 1996. According to British film magazine \"Empire\", with \"the most vividly-realised world and the most varied game-play of any game on any console, \"Zelda\" is a solid bet for the best game series ever.\" Multiple members of the game industry have expressed how Zelda games have impacted them. Rockstar Games founder and \"Grand Theft Auto\" director,",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405740",
"text": "2010 as \"\", but its release was delayed to 2011. The game, the earliest in the \"Legend of Zelda\" timeline, reveals the origins of Hyrule, Ganon and many elements featured in previous games. It was released on November 20, 2011; the first run included a 25th Anniversary CD of fully orchestrated music from various Zelda games, including \"Skyward Sword\". In addition, Nintendo celebrated the 25th anniversary of \"The Legend of Zelda\" game by releasing a \"Zelda\" game for all its current consoles in 2011: \"Link's Awakening\" in the 3DS's Virtual Console on June 7, \"\" for the 3DS in mid-June,",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "1426820",
"text": "proprietor of the website Legends of Localization Clyde Mandelin (also known by his online username Tomato, or Mato) released his first book, \"Legends of Localization Book 1: The Legend of Zelda\", which chronicles in great detail all of the differences between the Japanese and North American releases of the game, from the original releases to all of its various re-releases throughout the years. \"The Legend of Zelda\" was first re-released in cartridge format for the Famicom in 1994. The cartridge version slightly modified the title screen of the Disk Card version of the game, such that it displayed the number",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (video game)"
},
{
"id": "405744",
"text": "was developed and released for the Philips CD-i in the early 1990s as a product of a compromise between Philips and Nintendo, after the companies failed to develop a CD-ROM peripheral for the Super NES. Created independently with no observation by or influence from Nintendo, the games are , together with \"Zelda's Adventure\". Nintendo never acknowledged them in the \"Zelda\" timeline, and they are considered to be in a separate, self-contained canon. These games are widely acknowledged to be the worst installments in the series. Three \"Zelda\"-themed LCD games were created between 1989 and 1992. The \"Zelda\" version of Nintendo's",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "3571691",
"text": "Link complaining throughout. The Legend of Zelda (TV series) The Legend of Zelda is an American animated series based on the Japanese video game series \"The Legend of Zelda\" by Nintendo. The plot follows the adventures of Link and Princess Zelda as they defend the kingdom of Hyrule from an evil wizard named Ganon. It is heavily based on the first game of the \"Zelda\" series, \"The Legend of Zelda\", but includes some references to the second, \"\". The show was produced by DIC Animation City and distributed by Viacom Enterprises in association with Nintendo of America, Inc. It comprises",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "426040",
"text": "Universe of The Legend of Zelda \"The Legend of Zelda\" is a video game franchise created by Japanese video game developer Shigeru Miyamoto. The universe depicted in the \"Legend of Zelda\" series consists of a variety of lands, the most predominant being . The kingdom of , a medieval-inspired fantasy land, is the main setting of the series. Making its first appearance in \"The Legend of Zelda\", many of Hyrule’s areas have recurring appearances throughout the series, like the Lost Woods, Kakariko Village, Death Mountain and Lake Hylia. Several games in the series are set in lands other than Hyrule,",
"title": "Universe of The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "1426805",
"text": "tracks. He had planned to use Maurice Ravel's \"Boléro\" as the title theme, but was forced to change it late in the development cycle after learning that the copyright for the orchestral piece had not yet expired. As a result, Kondo wrote a new arrangement of the overworld theme within one day, which has become an iconic motive echoing throughout continued entries of the series. In February 1986, Nintendo released \"The Legend of Zelda\" as the launch title for the Family Computer's new Disk System peripheral, joined by a re-release of \"Super Mario Bros.\", \"Tennis\", \"Baseball\", \"Golf\", \"Soccer\", and \"Mahjong\"",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (video game)"
},
{
"id": "405768",
"text": "\"Nintendo Heroes\" series, \"Link and the Portal of Doom\". It was written by Tracey West and was set shortly after the events of \"Ocarina of Time\". In 2011, to coincide with the 25th anniversary of the series, an art book was published exclusively in Japan under the name \"\" by Shogakukan. It contains concept art from the series's conception to the release of \"Skyward Sword\" in 2011 and multiple essays about the production of the games, as well as an overarching timeline of the series. It also includes a prequel manga to \"Skyward Sword\" by Zelda manga duo Akira Himekawa.",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "1426919",
"text": "devil's horn and a star under her eye. A French version of this game was released in Canada, making it the only French-only release in North America for the SNES. This version had the same case as the English release in North America, but the whole game was translated in French. On December 2, 2006 in Japan and January 22, 2007 in America, the game was added to the Wii Shop Channel's Virtual Console. Players can download the game for 800 Wii Points, or US$8. The English version is nearly identical to the English SNES version, with none of the",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past"
},
{
"id": "1426804",
"text": "novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald. She was a famous and beautiful woman from all accounts, and I liked the sound of her name. So I took the liberty of using [it] for the very first title.” Early \"Zelda\" concepts early involved technological elements, with microchips for the Triforce made of electronic circuits and a time-travelling protagonist, another factor of their name relating to the idea of a computer hyper-”link”. While the final game follows a more traditional heroic fantasy setting, subsequent games in the series have incorporated some technology based concepts. Koji Kondo (credited as Konchan) composed the game's five music",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (video game)"
},
{
"id": "405720",
"text": "end of the Famicom's lifespan, the original Famicom game was re-released in cartridge format. A modified version, \"BS Zelda no Densetsu\", was released for the Super Famicom's satellite-based expansion, Satellaview, on August 6, 1995, in Japan. A second Satellaview game, \"BS Zelda no Densetsu MAP2\" was released for the Satellaview on December 30, 1995. Both games featured rearranged dungeons, an altered overworld, and new voice-acted plot-lines. The next game, \"\", is the first \"Zelda\" for Nintendo's Game Boy handheld, and the first set outside Hyrule and to exclude Princess Zelda. It was released in 1993, and re-released, in full color,",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "3571685",
"text": "sixty-five episodes of the \"Super Mario Bros. Super Show!\" was made and \"Zelda\" was aborted after thirteen episodes. However, slightly modified versions of the characters of Link and Zelda, together with their original voice actors, were later transplanted into NBC's Saturday morning program \"\", also produced by DIC Entertainment. In 1992, the episodes were time compressed (sped up) and played in double episode format on the \"Captain N & The Video Game Masters\" syndication block. \"Zelda\" episodes were rarely shown, but at least once, the episodes \"Underworld Connections\" & \"Doppleganger\" aired with the titles switched around. It was played in",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "405697",
"text": "characters speak while Link remains silent \"would be off-putting\". Instead of theme music for different locations, \"Breath of the Wild\" plays natural ambience around the player as main sounds, in addition to some minimalist piano music. \"The Legend of Zelda\" was principally inspired by Shigeru Miyamoto's \"explorations\" as a young boy in the hillsides, forests, and caves surrounding his childhood home in Sonobe, Japan where he ventured into forests with secluded lakes, caves, and rural villages. According to Miyamoto, one of his most memorable experiences was the discovery of a cave entrance in the middle of the woods. After some",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "18805555",
"text": "Bowser, and his ranch hand Ingo resembles Luigi. In his official art for Oracle of Seasons, he wears a hat with Mario's signature \"M\". Characters of The Legend of Zelda This is a list of notable and recurring fictional characters from \"The Legend of Zelda\" series of video games developed by Nintendo. The Legend of Zelda is a high-fantasy action-adventure video game series created by Japanese game designers Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka. It is primarily developed and published by Nintendo, although some portable installments have been outsourced to Capcom, Vanpool and Grezzo. The series' gameplay incorporates elements of action,",
"title": "Characters of The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405722",
"text": "and ranks highly on IGN and EGM's \"greatest games of all time\" lists, as well as scoring perfect scores in several video game publications. In February 2006, it was ranked by \"Nintendo Power\" as the best game released for a Nintendo console. The game was originally developed for the poorly selling, Japanese-only Nintendo 64DD, but was ported to cartridge format when the 64DD hardware was delayed. A new gameplay mechanic, lock-on targeting (called \"Z-targeting\" as that is the controller button used), is used in the game, which focuses the camera on a nearby target and alters the player's actions relative",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "8856819",
"text": "In 1987, \"The Legend of Zelda\" was released to much critical acclaim. In 1988, Nintendo of America unveiled \"Nintendo Power\", a monthly news and strategy magazine from Nintendo that served to advertise new games. The first issue published was the July/August edition, which spotlighted the NES game \"Super Mario Bros. 2\". \"Nintendo Power\" has since ceased publication with its December 2012 edition. In 1989, Nintendo (which had seen a large amount of success from the Game & Watch) released the Game Boy (both created by Gunpei Yokoi), along with the accompanying game \"Tetris\". Due to the price, the game and",
"title": "History of Nintendo"
},
{
"id": "405705",
"text": "of Wisdom into 8 pieces for Link to find, before she was captured by Ganon. The fictional universe established by the \"Zelda\" games sets the stage for each adventure. Some games take place in different lands with their own back-stories. Termina and serve as parallel worlds to Hyrule, is a connected kingdom, and Koholint is an island far away from Hyrule that appears to be part of a dream. The chronology of the \"Legend of Zelda\" series was a subject of much debate among fans until an official timeline was released within the \"\" collector's book, which was first released",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "4738537",
"text": "and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 300,000 copies in the United Kingdom. The game had sold 5.82 million copies on the Wii , and 1.32 million on the GameCube . , the game had sold 8.85 million copies worldwide across both platforms, making it the second best-selling game in the series behind \"Breath of the Wild\". A manga series based on \"Twilight Princess\", penned and illustrated by Akira Himekawa, was first released in Japan on February 8, 2016. The series is available solely via publisher Shogakukan's MangaOne mobile application. While the manga adaptation began almost",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess"
},
{
"id": "8141763",
"text": "book to be reasonably priced. The book sold well. Preorders took the book to the top spot on Amazon.com's U.S. sales charts, moving \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" out of the top position. It reached the No. 1 position on Amazon.com's bestselling books list in August 2012 and January 2013. It spent three months in the top 100 books. It topped \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list in the \"Hardcover Advice & Misc.\" category. and began at No. 1 on Publishers Weekly's Hardcover Nonfiction charts. It topped the Sunday Times bestseller list on 3 February and 17 February 2013. Publishers",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Hyrule Historia"
},
{
"id": "3903981",
"text": "The Legend of Zelda (manga) Comic and manga adaptations of \"The Legend of Zelda\" series of video games, especially in Japan, have been published under license from Nintendo. Valiant Comics published a comic series simply titled \"The Legend of Zelda\" in 1990, which lasted only five issues dated from February to June, as part of their Nintendo Comics System imprint. The series was more closely patterned after \"The Legend of Zelda\" TV series airing at the time, which in turn was loosely based on the first two NES games. The manga team of Akira Himekawa has been producing manga adaptations",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (manga)"
},
{
"id": "405743",
"text": "a monster in HD. In January 2013, Nintendo revealed that a new \"Legend of Zelda\" game was being planned for the Wii U. The game was officially teased at E3 2014, and was scheduled to be released in 2015. However, in March 2015, the game was delayed to 2016. In April 2016, the game was delayed again to 2017; it was also announced that it would be simultaneously released on the Wii U and Nintendo Switch. At E3 2016, the game was showcased under the title \"\". The game was released on March 3, 2017. A series of video games",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "3903992",
"text": "an English adaptation of this manga (renamed \"A Link to the Past\" to fit the game's North American counterpart) as Volume 9 of their Zelda series on February 2, 2010. Originally released in Japan in early 2009, it is based on the DS adventure, , the sequel to . Strangely, though the manga retains the game's characters and overall plot, many of the character's personalities and some events in the game were changed, sparking negative reactions from several fans of the original game. Despite this, however, it continues to receive positive reviews. Viz released an English adaptation of this manga",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (manga)"
},
{
"id": "1590498",
"text": "The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker is an action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the GameCube home video game console. The tenth installment in \"The Legend of Zelda\" series, it was released in Japan in December 2002, in North America in March 2003, and in Europe in May 2003. The game is set on a group of islands in a vast sea, a departure for the series. The player controls series protagonist Link as he attempts to save his sister from the sorcerer Ganon and becomes embroiled in a struggle",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker"
},
{
"id": "405724",
"text": "featured the first appearance of Link's horse, Epona, allowing Link to travel quickly across land and fire arrows from horseback. Those who preordered the game received a gold-coloured cartridge in a limited edition box with a golden plastic card affixed, reading \"Collector's Edition\". In some stores that had this \"Collector's Edition\" quickly sell out, a small and rare Zelda pin was given instead. It is the sword and shield emblem with \"Zelda\" written on it. Very few of them are known to remain. \"Ocarina of Time\" was re-released on the GameCube in 2002, when it was offered as a pre-order",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "2055649",
"text": "approximately a month before the GBA was released. Staggered releases were abandoned in favor of releasing the two games simultaneously. This made it easier for the team to test the interaction between the games and keep the style consistent. Each title was shipped on an 8-megabit (16-megabit in Europe) cartridge. The music for the games was composed by two employees of the Japanese music and sound effect production company Pure Sound, credited under the pseudonyms \"M-Adachi\" and \"Kyopi\". Nintendo artist and series regular Yusuke Nakano designed the characters for the two titles, and incorporated previous creations from \"\" into \"Oracle",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages"
},
{
"id": "3571687",
"text": "original NES games. The series was released on DVD in two volumes by the animation company \"Allumination FilmWorks\" The first DVD, \"Ganon's Evil Tower\", was released on July 22, 2003, including three episodes of the \"Zelda\" cartoon and two of \"Sonic Underground\". The second DVD was released on September 27, 2005, titled \"Havoc in Hyrule\", containing a further five \"Zelda\" episodes. The complete \"Zelda\" series was released on October 18, 2005 by Shout! Factory and Sony BMG Music Entertainment, with extra bonus features such as interactive DVD games and line art from the series. However, it did not include all",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "4738499",
"text": "The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the Wii and GameCube home video game consoles. It is the thirteenth installment in \"The Legend of Zelda\" series. Originally planned for release on the GameCube in November 2005, \"Twilight Princess\" was delayed by Nintendo to allow its developers to refine the game, add more content, and port it to the Wii. The Wii version was released alongside the console in North America in November 2006, and in Japan, Europe, and Australia the following month. The GameCube version",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess"
},
{
"id": "8025576",
"text": "2002 by series developer Shigeru Miyamoto, who demonstrated the multi-player mode along with Capcom's Yoshiki Okamoto, Namco Bandai's (formerly Namco) Kaneto Shiozawa, and Toshihiro Nagoshi of the now defunct Amusement Vision. It was tentatively titled \"The Legend of Zelda GBA\". In January 2003, the game was on display at the Osaka World Hobby Convention as \"The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past & Four Swords\". It was initially released in North America on December 2, 2002, while it was released the next year in Japan and PAL regions, on March 14 and 28 respectively. Shigeru Miyamoto made a",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past and Four Swords"
},
{
"id": "405765",
"text": "Legend of Zelda\" and \"The Adventure of Link\"), mixing settings and characters from those games with original creations. The show's older incarnations of both Link and Zelda appear in various episodes of \"\" during its second season. Valiant Comics released a short series of comics featuring characters and settings from the \"Zelda\" cartoon as part of their \"Nintendo Comics System\" line. Manga adaptations of many entries in the series, including \"A Link to the Past\", \"Ocarina of Time\", \"Majora's Mask\", \"Oracle of Seasons\" and \"Oracle of Ages\", \"Four Swords Adventures\", \"The Minish Cap\", and \"Phantom Hourglass\", have been produced under",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "2701617",
"text": "the Wild\", in which Link is canonically right-handed; this was done to mirror what side the buttons on the controller were used for Link's attacks. Link debuted on February 21, 1986, with the Japanese release of \"The Legend of Zelda\". Described as a \"young man\" who saved Princess Zelda's elderly nursemaid Impa from Ganon's henchmen, Link assumes the role of the hero attempting to rescue Princess Zelda and the kingdom of Hyrule from the evil wizard Ganon, who has stolen the Triforce of Power. \"\" (1987) occurs several years after the original game. Link goes on a quest to place",
"title": "Link (The Legend of Zelda)"
},
{
"id": "8141759",
"text": "translated. The English version is slightly larger than the Japanese version and uses heavier-weight paper. However, it has essentially the same content as the original. Cary Grazzini designed the cover of the English version. The cover for the English version was originally to include a brown background with artwork that included all the different versions and forms of Link. The intended cover was redesigned. The final English version featured a forest green cover. The series logo and a Triforce are embossed in gold. Also featured on the cover are the symbols of the three goddesses. The English version was published",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Hyrule Historia"
},
{
"id": "2055625",
"text": "and guarded by bosses. After experimenting with porting the original \"The Legend of Zelda\" to the Game Boy Color, the Flagship team, supervised by Yoshiki Okamoto, began developing three interconnected \"Zelda\" games that could be played in any order. The complexity of this system led the team to cancel one game. Both \"Seasons\" and \"Ages\" were a critical success, and together sold eight million units. Critics complimented the gameplay, colorful designs and graphic quality, but criticized the inconsistent sound quality. \"Seasons\" begins as the Triforce calls out to Link from within Hyrule Castle. Link approaches it, and is transported to",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages"
},
{
"id": "405730",
"text": "in development. At Spaceworld 2001, Nintendo showed a cel-shaded \"Zelda\" game, later released as \"\" in December 2002. Due to poor reception, nothing further was shown until a playable demonstration was ready. Miyamoto felt \"The Wind Waker\" would \"extend \"Zelda\"s reach to all ages\". The gameplay centres on controlling wind with a baton called the \"Wind Waker\" and sailing a small boat around an island-filled ocean, retaining similar gameplay mechanics as the previous 3D games in the series. Following the release of \"The Wind Waker\" came \"The Legend of Zelda: Collector's Edition\", which included the original \"The Legend of Zelda\",",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "1940911",
"text": "for the very first \"Zelda\" title.\" New York City's borough of Manhattan's Battery Park's resident wild turkey Zelda (d. 2014) was also named after her, because according to legend during one of Fitzgerald's nervous breakdowns, she went missing and was found in Battery Park, apparently having walked several miles downtown. Of Zelda's legacy in popular culture, biographer Cline wrote, \"Recently myth has likened Zelda to those other twentieth-century icons, Marilyn Monroe and Princess Diana. With each she shares a defiance of convention, intense vulnerability, doomed beauty, unceasing struggle for a serious identity, short tragic life and quite impossible nature.\" In",
"title": "Zelda Fitzgerald"
},
{
"id": "17237128",
"text": "walls was prototyped. However, development suffered several setbacks and ceased entirely in late 2010, as core team members were reassigned to different projects. A year later, development restarted and after several failed pitches to series creator, Shigeru Miyamoto, the game entered full production in 2012. Changing the established conventions of the series became a goal for the game's designers; this led to a change in the game's structure, allowing players to clear the majority of dungeons in any order they choose, and the introduction of the item rental system. \"A Link Between Worlds\" received critical acclaim and sold over 2.5",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds"
},
{
"id": "405726",
"text": "the game in stereoscopic 3D for the Nintendo 3DS, \"\". In July 2015, Nintendo rereleased it for the Wii U Virtual Console. \"Ocarina of Time\"s follow-up, \"\", was released in April 2000. It uses the same 3D game engine as the previous game, and added a time-based concept, in which Link, the protagonist, relives the events of three days as many times as needed to complete the game's objectives. It was originally called \"Zelda Gaiden\", a Japanese title that translates as \"Zelda Side story\". Gameplay changed significantly; in addition to the time-limit, Link can use masks to transform into creatures",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "2148753",
"text": "Classic NES Series\" for Game Boy Advance, with minor changes. The intro text was changed to read \"third Triforce\" rather than \"No.3 Triforce\" and the copyright date was altered to read \"1987–2004 Nintendo\". The death animation removed flashing colors in an effort to prevent seizures, replacing it with a solid red color. There were also various graphical and audio tweaks. It was released as the 100th title on the Wii's Virtual Console in Japan on January 23, 2007, in Europe and Australia on February 9, 2007, and was released in North America on June 4, 2007. The text changes were",
"title": "Zelda II: The Adventure of Link"
},
{
"id": "405732",
"text": "After these were quickly claimed, Nintendo gave a copy to customers who mailed in proof of purchases from select GameCube games. The next game released in the series was \"\" for the GameCube, which was released in early 2004 in Japan and America, and January 2005 in Europe. Based on the handheld \"\", \"Four Swords Adventures\" was another deviation from previous \"Zelda\" gameplay, focusing on level-based and multiplayer gameplay. The game contains 24 levels and a map screen; there is no connecting overworld. For multiplayer features, each player must use a Game Boy Advance system linked to the GameCube via",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "15735716",
"text": "series' conventions, such as the requirement that players complete dungeons in a set order. The next year, Nintendo introduced the game's high-definition, cel-shaded visual style with in-game footage at its June 2014 Electronic Entertainment Expo press event. Once planned for release in 2015, the game was delayed early in the year and did not show at that year's E3. \"Zelda\" series creator Shigeru Miyamoto reaffirmed that the game was still set for release on the Wii U, despite the development of Nintendo's next console, the Nintendo Switch. The game was delayed again in April 2016 due to problems with its",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild"
},
{
"id": "1426815",
"text": "77th in Official Nintendo Magazine's 100 greatest Nintendo games of all time and 80th among IGN readers' \"Top 99 Games\". \"Zelda\" was inducted into GameSpy's Hall of Fame in August 2000 and voted by GameSpy's editors as the tenth best game of all time. Editors of the popular Japanese magazine \"Weekly Famitsu\" voted the game among the best on the Famicom. \"The Legend of Zelda\" is considered a spiritual forerunner of the modern role-playing video game (RPG) genre. Though it is often not considered part of the genre since it lacked key RPG mechanics such as experience points, it had",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (video game)"
},
{
"id": "405742",
"text": "and Europe, and October 5 in Australia. A month later, Nintendo released \"\" for the Nintendo 3DS, which takes place in the same setting as \"A Link to the Past\". Nintendo released a second 3DS version, \"\", in North America and Europe on February 13, 2015, and in Japan and Australia on February 14, 2015. At E3 2015, Nintendo announced \"\", a cooperative multiplayer game released for the 3DS in October 2015. \"\", a high-definition remastering of \"Twilight Princess\", was released for the Wii U in March 2016. Nintendo showcased a demo reel at E3 2011, which depicted Link fighting",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "3571689",
"text": "Warriors. In 1992, Tempo Video released a set of two VHS tapes with three episodes per tape. \"The Legend of Zelda\" shared a tape with \"\", which included the episode \"Underworld Connections\". There are currently no plans for a Region 2 DVD release. PIDAX FILM released a Region 2 DVD of the show on December 2, 2016. The 2-DVD set includes all 13 episodes in German and English Dolby Digital 2.0 audio. The series is notable for its negative reception. IGN rated the DVD release of \"The Legend of Zelda\" a 3.0, or \"Bad\", citing poor writing, repeated plots, and",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3297643",
"text": "to \"The Legend of Zelda\", albeit with the requisite religious theme (the player, as a foot soldier in the Lord's army, is tasked with saving the souls of the heathen populace, using fruit of the spirit). The company also released ports of some of these games to the Sega Genesis and Game Boy, as well as Bible-reading programs (both King James and NIV versions) for Game Boy. Their \"Sunday Funday\", a 1995 conversion of the Color Dreams game \"Menace Beach\", is the last commercial NES release in the United States. Wisdom Tree holds the distinction of having made the only",
"title": "Wisdom Tree"
},
{
"id": "4738500",
"text": "was also released worldwide in December 2006, and was the final first-party game released for the console. The story focuses on series protagonist Link, who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension known as the Twilight Realm. To do so, he takes the form of both a Hylian and a wolf, and is assisted by a mysterious creature named Midna. The game takes place hundreds of years after \"\" and \"\", in an alternate timeline from \"\". At the time of its release, \"Twilight Princess\" was critically acclaimed, receiving several Game of the Year awards,",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess"
},
{
"id": "2278780",
"text": "or as a supporting donor of Link's quests. , she has appeared directly in every game except \"\" (1993), in which a look-alike named Marin appears; \"\" (2000), in which she only appears in a flashback; and \"\" (2015), in which a doppelgänger named Styla appears. In her first appearance in the original \"The Legend of Zelda\" (1986), she is kidnapped by Ganon, the series' main antagonist, after she divides the Triforce of Wisdom and hides its pieces across the land (as explained in the game manual). She is eventually rescued by Link, and the two of them reunite the",
"title": "Princess Zelda"
},
{
"id": "405696",
"text": "use Maurice Ravel's \"Boléro\" as the game's title theme, but was forced to change it when he learned, late in the game's development cycle, that the copyright for the orchestral piece had not yet expired. As a result, Kondo wrote a new arrangement of the overworld theme within one day. The \"Zelda Theme\" has topped ScrewAttack's \"Top Ten Videogame Themes Ever\" list. Up until \"Breath of the Wild\", the \"Legend of Zelda\" series avoided using voice acting in speaking roles, relying instead on written dialogue. Series producer Eiji Aonuma previously stated that as Link is entirely mute, having the other",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "8025588",
"text": "Trial, which features harder difficulty. As previously with \"\", to promote the game, commercials were made featuring actor and comedian Robin Williams with his daughter Zelda Williams. The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past and Four Swords The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past and Four Swords is an action-adventure game co-developed by Nintendo and Capcom and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance. The game was released on December 2, 2002, in North America; on March 14, 2003, in Japan; and on March 28, 2003, in Europe and Australia. The cartridge contains a modified",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past and Four Swords"
},
{
"id": "1437030",
"text": "game with new puzzles, and was included in \"The Legend of Zelda: Collector's Edition\" in 2003. It was ported to the iQue Player in 2003, and released on the Virtual Console service for the Wii in 2007 and Wii U in 2015. The rereleases were well received, though some critics felt the game had aged badly. A remake for the Nintendo 3DS, \"\", was released in 2011 with updated graphics and autostereoscopic 3D effects; it includes \"Master Quest\"s rearranged dungeons, absent from the Wii, Wii U, and iQue versions. \"The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time\" is a fantasy action-adventure",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time"
},
{
"id": "1437029",
"text": "game. During its lifetime, over a million copies were sold in Japan, with over seven million sold worldwide. The game won numerous awards and accolades and is considered by many to be one of the greatest video games of all time, with several publications having ranked it the best video game of all time. It is also the highest-rated game on review aggregator site Metacritic and the second highest-rated on GameRankings. \"Ocarina of Time\" was followed by a direct sequel, \",\" in 2000. It was ported to the GameCube alongside \"Ocarina of Time Master Quest\", an alternative version of the",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time"
},
{
"id": "405698",
"text": "hesitation, he apprehensively entered the cave, and explored its depths with the aid of a lantern. Miyamoto has referred to the creation of the \"Zelda\" games as an attempt to bring to life a \"miniature garden\" for players to play with in each game of the series. Hearing of American novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald's wife Zelda, Miyamoto thought the name sounded \"pleasant and significant\". Paying tribute, he chose to name the princess after her, and titled it \"The Legend of Zelda\". Link and the fairy were inspired by Peter Pan and Tinker Bell. The Master Sword was inspired by the",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda"
},
{
"id": "1426908",
"text": "It was re-released as a Player's Choice title in North America, indicating that it has sold a minimum of one million copies there. In the United States, \"A Link to the Past\"s Game Boy Advance version alone sold 1.4 million copies and earned $41 million by August 2006. During the period between January 2000 and August 2006, it was the 8th highest-selling game launched for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS or PlayStation Portable in that country. \"Entertainment Weekly\" picked the game as the #4 greatest game available in 1991, saying: \"Completely addicting, especially for unsuspecting adults.\" \"A Link to",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past"
},
{
"id": "14371991",
"text": "the original 1986 \"The Legend of Zelda\" game. The offer required the user to register their 3DS version of the game online, and was only available in each region for several months following the game's release. It included all the tracks of the original U.S. edition, several more (but not all) tracks from the Japanese edition as well as a bonus orchestral track. Despite taking the lead on the subsequent score for \"\" (2000), this would be the last one to date on which Kondo worked alone as a composer. Rock band My Morning Jacket covered the Legend of Zelda",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (original soundtrack)"
},
{
"id": "3903994",
"text": "a month before the release of the high-definition remake for the Wii U, \"\". It was created as a serial comic for \"Nintendo Power\" magazine by the acclaimed manga author Shotaro Ishinomori, and later collected in graphic novel form, this told an alternate version of the events from \"A Link to the Past\". Though Link starts out a hapless, bumbling kid, caught up in something bigger than he ever imagined, he displays great courage and ultimately proves himself a determined and competent adventurer. This telling portrays Link's parents as Knights of Hyrule, lost to the Dark World. Five novels (published",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda (manga)"
},
{
"id": "1940896",
"text": "particular touch and smell, in every description.\" In its time, the book was not well received by critics. To Zelda's dismay, it sold only 1,392 copies, for which she earned $120.73. The failure of \"Save Me the Waltz\", and Scott's scathing criticism of her for having written it—he called her \"plagiaristic\" and a \"third-rate writer\"—crushed her spirits. It was the only novel she ever saw published. From the mid-1930s, Zelda spent the rest of her life in various stages of mental distress. Some of the paintings that she had created over the previous years, in and out of sanatoriums, were",
"title": "Zelda Fitzgerald"
},
{
"id": "4738501",
"text": "and is considered by many critics and players to be one of the greatest video games of all time. By 2015, the game had sold nearly nine million copies worldwide, and was the best selling title in the series until being overtaken by \"\" in April 2018. In 2011, the Wii version was rereleased under the Nintendo Selects label. A high-definition remaster for the Wii U, \"\", was released in March 2016. \"The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess\" is an action-adventure game focused on combat, exploration, and puzzle-solving. It uses the basic control scheme introduced in \"\", including context-sensitive action",
"title": "The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess"
}
] | when was the first legend of zelda released |
[
"Michael David Rapaport"
] | [
{
"id": "7434536",
"text": "playing the United States President. Battaglia guest starred in \"Hawaii Five-O\", \"Night Shift\" and \"Criminal Minds\". He appeared on \"Friends\" as the fireman boyfriend of Phoebe (played by Lisa Kudrow). Other notable guest appearances include \"The Mentalist\", \"The Client List\", \"Longmire\" in 2012, two episodes on \"24\", two episodes of HBO's \"Big Love\", \"Shark\", \"\", \"Bones\", \"Charmed\", \"JAG\", and \"Sabrina The Teenage Witch\". Battaglia married Tina Frazier in 2006; the couple has two children. Matt Battaglia Matteo Martin \"Matt\" Battaglia (born September 25, 1965) is an American producer, actor and former football player. Battaglia, one of four siblings, was born",
"title": "Matt Battaglia"
},
{
"id": "1458048",
"text": "Lisa Kudrow Lisa Valerie Kudrow (; born July 30, 1963) is an American actress, comedian, writer, and producer. After making guest appearances in several television sitcoms, including \"Cheers\", she came to prominence with her recurring role of Ursula in \"Mad About You\" (1993-1999). Kudrow gained worldwide recognition for portraying Phoebe Buffay on the television sitcom \"Friends\" (1994–2004), for which she received several accolades, including a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series from six nominations, two Screen Actors Guild Awards from 12 nominations, and a Golden Globe Award nomination. Kudrow starred in the cult comedy film",
"title": "Lisa Kudrow"
},
{
"id": "7618623",
"text": "The One with the Ride-Along \"The One with the Ride-Along\" is the twentieth episode of \"Friends<nowiki>'</nowiki>\" fifth season. It first aired on NBC in the United States on April 29, 1999. In the episode, Ross, Joey, and Chandler go on a ride-along with Gary, Phoebe's new boyfriend. Phoebe (Lisa Kudrow) returns from a ride-along with her cop boyfriend, Gary (Michael Rapaport), which prompts the guys to follow suit and share the experience. Joey buys a delicious sandwich but is not allowed to eat it in Gary's car, so he keeps talking about it, much to the annoyance of Ross and",
"title": "The One with the Ride-Along"
},
{
"id": "9066169",
"text": "Markus Flanagan Markus Flanagan is an American actor. In 1990, he starred in the short-lived ABC police drama \"Sunset Beat\".alongside George Clooney, Michael Deluise and Erik King. He was a series regular again on NBC's \"Nurses\" for season two playing Luke the rebel nurse. He co-starred in the Nickelodeon series \"Unfabulous\" as Jeff Singer, the father of Emma Roberts' character, from 2004 to 2007. His other television credits include \"\", \"\", \"Judging Amy\", and \"Northern Exposure\". Flanagan also played perhaps Phoebe's most memorable boyfriend in the television sitcom \"Friends\" in the third season where she broke up with him because",
"title": "Markus Flanagan"
},
{
"id": "3449539",
"text": "Guild Award, a Satellite Award, and an American Comedy Award. In the pilot episode, Phoebe is introduced as one of the six original friends, including neighbors Joey (Matt LeBlanc) and Chandler (Matthew Perry), former roommate Monica (Courteney Cox), Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), and Monica's brother, Ross (David Schwimmer). She is a musician at their typical meeting place, Central Perk, where she plays guitar and sings self-written songs. During the first season, she has a myriad of boyfriends, including Tony, a physicist named David, played by Hank Azaria, and a psychologist named Roger, played by Fisher Stevens. Phoebe's twin sister, Ursula",
"title": "Phoebe Buffay"
},
{
"id": "145146",
"text": "Friends Friends is an American television sitcom, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Marta Kauffman, and David Crane. Kauffman and Crane began developing \"Friends\" under the title",
"title": "Friends"
},
{
"id": "3201147",
"text": "in 1995 to appear in the comedy film \"Clueless\" with Alicia Silverstone. He also appeared in \"\", \"William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet\", \"The Locusts\", \"Overnight Delivery\", \"The Object of My Affection\", and \"200 Cigarettes\". He was in the 1999 film \"The Cider House Rules\" that earned him and the cast a SAG nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. He played FBI Agent Ian Curtis in Benny Chan's 2000 Hong Kong action film \"Gen-Y Cops\". In 2002, he was cast on the sitcom \"Friends\" as Mike Hannigan, who dates and then marries Phoebe Buffay, played by",
"title": "Paul Rudd"
},
{
"id": "3449537",
"text": "Phoebe Buffay Phoebe Buffay-Hannigan is a fictional character, portrayed by Lisa Kudrow, one of the six main characters from the American sitcom \"Friends\", created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman. She appeared in each of the show's 236 episodes, from its premiere on September 24, 1994 to its finale on May 6, 2004. She is a masseuse and musician, notable for her offbeat and sometimes ditzy behavior. She was Monica Geller's roommate before Rachel Green. Phoebe is best friends with Monica and Rachel, along with their neighbors, Chandler Bing and Joey Tribbiani, and also Monica's brother Ross Geller. She plays",
"title": "Phoebe Buffay"
},
{
"id": "17519590",
"text": "A complete list of returning actors and details of their appearances was released shortly afterwards. The list comprised; Rachel Blakely (Gaby Willis), Eliza Szonert (Danni Stark), Benjamin McNair (Malcolm Kennedy), Moya O'Sullivan (Marlene Kratz), Ian Rawlings (Philip Martin), Stephen Hunt (Matt Hancock), Jacinta Stapleton (Amy Greenwood), Richard Grieve (Sam Kratz), Rebecca Ritters (Hannah Martin), Marnie Reece-Wilmore (Debbie Martin), Fiona Corke (Gail Robinson), Bernard Curry (Luke Handley), Jansen Spencer (Paul McClain), Lesley Baker (Angie Rebecchi), Anne Scott-Pendlebury (Hilary Robinson), Shauna O'Grady (Beverly Marshall), Ailsa Piper (Ruth Wilkinson), Brett Blewitt (Brett Stark), Todd MacDonald (Darren Stark), Lucinda Cowden (Melanie Pearson), Andrew Bibby",
"title": "Friends for Twenty Years"
},
{
"id": "5010765",
"text": "teacher. Cahill graduated from Byram Hills High School in Armonk, New York in 1996. He attended Skidmore College in Saratoga Springs, New York and the Atlantic Theater Acting School, part of the Tisch School of the Arts at NYU. In 2000 Cahill performed in Nicky Silver's Off-Broadway production of \"The Altruists\". He was noticed by Sarah Jessica Parker and shortly after he made several television guest-star appearances including \"Sex and the City\", \"Felicity\", and \"\". Cahill was also a recurring guest-star in the NBC sitcom \"Friends\" as Rachel's young assistant and boyfriend, Tag Jones. In 2002, he starred in a",
"title": "Eddie Cahill"
},
{
"id": "2182946",
"text": "Bruce Welch of The Shadows claimed in his autobiography that McCartney offered the tune to Shadows lead guitarist Hank Marvin before the Beatles' recording. Marvin eventually released an instrumental version of the song on his 2007 album \"Guitar Man\". In the TV series \"Friends\", this song is played on steel drums when Phoebe Buffay walks down the aisle during her wedding. It was the second time a song written by McCartney was used in a wedding sequence in the series, the first being \"My Love\" when Chandler and Monica married. Gary Sparrow sings the song at the piano in an",
"title": "Here, There and Everywhere"
},
{
"id": "14437723",
"text": "\"Family Guy\" panel at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International. In addition to the regular cast, actor Marc Alaimo, actor Gary Cole, actor Ioan Gruffudd, actress Sanaa Lathan, film director David Lynch, voice actor Kevin Michael Richardson and voice actor Wally Wingert guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Chris Cox, actor Ralph Garman, writer Patrick Meighan, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin, actress Jennifer Tilly, and writer John Viener also made minor appearances. The dirty joke told through the episode by Glenn Quagmire is taken from a joke the character Marty Funkhauser told in an episode of",
"title": "The Splendid Source"
},
{
"id": "4504152",
"text": "for NBC's \"The Tonight Show\". His tie to Littlefield continued in 2012 when he read the audiobook of Littlefield's autobiography, \"Top of the Rock: Inside the Rise and Fall of Must See TV\". In 1999, Balaban made a guest appearance in the sitcom \"Friends\" as Phoebe Buffay's father Frank in \"The One With Joey's Bag\". In 2010, Balaban appeared as Judge Clayton Horn, the real-life judge who presided over the obscenity trial of Lawrence Ferlinghetti and City Lights Bookstore in the movie \"Howl\". In 2001, Balaban produced \"Gosford Park\", for which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Picture.",
"title": "Bob Balaban"
},
{
"id": "3301281",
"text": "Gary Cole Gary Michael Cole (born September 20, 1956) is an American actor and voice actor. Cole began his professional acting career on stage at Chicago's Steppenwolf Theatre Company in 1985. On television, he has had starring roles in the series \"Midnight Caller\", \"American Gothic\", \"Crusade\", \"The Good Wife\", \"Veep\" and, most recently, \"Chicago Fire\". In film, Cole has appeared in \"The Brady Bunch Movie\", \"One Hour Photo\", \"Office Space\", \"\", and \"\". Cole is also known for voicing the title character of \"Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law\", and was the voice of Dr. James Timothy Possible on \"Kim Possible\".",
"title": "Gary Cole"
},
{
"id": "1068661",
"text": "member on the show \"Herman's Head\" (1991–1994) playing Jay Nichols, alongside \"The Simpsons\" co-star Yeardley Smith. He regularly recorded for \"The Simpsons\" and filmed \"Herman's Head\" during the same day. Following the series' cancellation Azaria unsuccessfully auditioned for the role of Joey Tribbiani, one of the lead characters in the sitcom \"Friends\". He was instead cast in the role of the scientist David, one of Phoebe Buffay's boyfriends in the series. He appeared in the show's tenth episode \"The One with the Monkey\", before the character left for a research trip in Minsk. He reprised the role in the show's",
"title": "Hank Azaria"
},
{
"id": "7263753",
"text": "James Healey (actor) James Patrick Healey (born January 13, 1951 in County Galway, Ireland) is an Irish born actor. His family moved to Manchester, England before emigrating to Melbourne, Australia in 1970. He studied acting at both NIDA (Sydney) and RADA (London). In Australia he acted in television police procedural \"Homicide\" in guest roles in 1975 and 1976. He had a regular role on soap opera \"The Restless Years\" as the murderous villain Gary Fisher in 1981, and appeared in \"Sons and Daughters\" for two episodes, as Wayne Hamilton's best man, in 1983. On American television he appeared on the",
"title": "James Healey (actor)"
},
{
"id": "7304489",
"text": "and shot. At the start of each \"Friends\" episode filming, the cast would ordinarily be introduced to the studio audience one at a time, but this time the cast headed out for their pre-curtain bow together. \"That made me cry,\" said Diane Newman, who was the script supervisor of the show. Among the specially invited audience of the taping were Hank Azaria, who played Phoebe's scientist boyfriend David in several episodes over the years; David Arquette, who filmed his then-wife Cox and the others backstage with a video camera; and Wheeler. Missing was Brad Pitt, Aniston's then-husband; Pitt told the",
"title": "The Last One (Friends)"
},
{
"id": "11481795",
"text": "after and was replaced by Vic Dunlop, who played Dokey in season 2. Vic Dunlop left the following season and although both the characters of Dokey and Roger were mentioned from time to time, they were never seen again. Richard Steven Horvitz played Gary, who was the nephew of the station's owner where the newscast took place. He worked for the newscast. He left midway through the final season. James Coburn was added to the cast during the final season as Caroline's love interest. One other notable cast member was Brenda Lynn Klemme, who played Amy, the ditzy best friend",
"title": "Safe at Home (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "145199",
"text": "to win an Emmy, while Cox is the only actor not to be nominated. The series won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series in 2002, receiving nominations in 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, and 2003. The series also won an American Comedy Award, one GLAAD Media Award, one Golden Globe Award, three Logie Awards, six People's Choice Awards, one Satellite Award, and one Screen Actors Guild Award. The table below shows the ratings of \"Friends\" in the United States, where it consistently ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings. \"Rank\" refers to how well \"Friends\"",
"title": "Friends"
},
{
"id": "3419170",
"text": "were also provided by Gary Owens and Neil Ross. There have been several celebrity guest stars who did voice acting on \"Garfield & Friends\" for both Garfield & US Acres portions, including Imogene Coca, Stan Freberg, George Foreman, Chick Hearn, James Earl Jones, Marvin Kaplan, Robin Leach, John Moschitta, Jr., Jack Riley, Rod Roddy, Will Ryan, Pat Buttram, Dick Beals, Paul Winchell, Don Knotts, Michael Bell, Arnold Stang and Greg Burson. When the show was originally broadcast on CBS, the episodes usually had three Quickies (30- to 45-second gags which were based on original \"Garfield\" and \"U.S. Acres\" strips, rather",
"title": "Garfield and Friends"
},
{
"id": "13670659",
"text": "Sean Bury Sean Bury [born ] in Brighton, Sussex, England) is a British television and film actor, best known for his lead role as Paul Harrison in Lewis Gilbert's 1971 film \"Friends\" and the 1974 sequel \"Paul and Michelle\". At the age of nine he won a music scholarship to Winchester Cathedral Choir School, where he was a boarder and a chorister 1963/67. Then a Music scholarship to Brighton College. 1967/68. Thereafter attended Corona Stage School in London. He was fortunate enough to take over the role of one of the boys in the West End production of Alan Bennett's",
"title": "Sean Bury"
},
{
"id": "10188114",
"text": "Edwards in \"Rusty Bugles\", \"Punishment\", Fred Ferguson in \"Prisoner\", Slasher Grey in \"The Great Bookie Robbery\", Tom Ramsay in the soap \"Neighbours\" (in 1986, and again in 1990–91 and returned for a guest stint in the show's 30th year, 2015), Fred Daly in \"The True Believers\", Frankie in \"Rafferty's Rules\", Zeke La Russo in \"Inside Running\", Sam McHeath in \"Skirts\", Henry Barnes in \"Correlli\", Kevin Howard in two series of \"Pig's Breakfast\", Fergus Marshall in the TV series \"MDA\", Wally Chubb in \"City Homicide\" and 'Doc' Evatt in \"I Spry\". He also played Raymon Radley in both of the animated",
"title": "Gary Files"
},
{
"id": "5749481",
"text": "Swan, as part of a one-act play festival at Hollywood's Met Theater. She appeared in several episodes of \"Friends\" as Alice Knight, a home economics teacher who fell in love with and married Phoebe Buffay's (Lisa Kudrow) much younger half-brother, Frank Jr. (Giovanni Ribisi). (Rupp had previously appeared with Kudrow in the 1997 independent film \"Clockwatchers\".) In 1998, she began her role as Kitty Forman in the comedy series, \"That '70s Show\", her most successful role to date. She also portrayed Marilyn See, wife of astronaut Elliot See, in episode 11 of the Emmy Award-winning television miniseries \"From the Earth",
"title": "Debra Jo Rupp"
},
{
"id": "2032671",
"text": "Monica Geller, instead. At first the most famous cast member of the new show, Cox joined fellow castmates Jennifer Aniston (Rachel Green), Lisa Kudrow (Phoebe Buffay), Matt LeBlanc (Joey Tribbiani), Matthew Perry (Chandler Bing) and David Schwimmer (Ross Geller) for what became her most famous role, lasting for 10 seasons until 2004. According to the \"Guinness Book of World Records\" (2005), Cox (along with her female costars) became the highest-paid TV actress of all time, with her 1 million-per-episode paycheck for the final two seasons of \"Friends\". Between seasons five and six, Cox married David Arquette, and changed her name",
"title": "Courteney Cox"
},
{
"id": "7467706",
"text": "same night. The episode premiered in the United Kingdom on E4 on February 7, 2002 and was watched by 1.25 million viewers, making it the most watched program on the network for the week ending February 10, 2002. The One with Rachel's Date \"The One with Rachel's Date\" is the fifth episode of \"Friends<nowiki>'</nowiki>\" eighth season. It first aired on NBC in the United States on October 25, 2001. During the episode, Phoebe (Lisa Kudrow) begins dating Tim, a sous-chef from Monica's (Courteney Cox) restaurant. When Phoebe decides to end the relationship, it coincides with Monica wanting to fire him,",
"title": "The One with Rachel's Date"
},
{
"id": "1537168",
"text": "In 2002, Baldwin appeared in two episodes of \"Friends\" as Phoebe's overly enthusiastic love interest, Parker. He also portrayed a recurring character in a number of season 7 and 8 episodes of \"Will & Grace\", in which he played Malcolm, a \"top secret agent\" and the lover of Karen Walker (Megan Mullally). He also guest-starred in the first live episode of the series. Baldwin wrote an episode of \"Law & Order\" entitled \"Tabloid\", which aired in 1998. He played Dr. Barrett Moore, a retired plastic surgeon, in the series \"Nip/Tuck\". He starred as Jack Donaghy on NBC's \"30 Rock\", which",
"title": "Alec Baldwin"
},
{
"id": "2873355",
"text": "Chris O'Donnell Christopher Eugene O'Donnell (born June 26, 1970) is an American actor and former model. He played Charlie Simms in \"Scent of a Woman\", D'Artagnan in \"The Three Musketeers\", Jack Foley in the drama film \"Circle of Friends\", Dick Grayson/Robin in \"Batman Forever\" and \"Batman & Robin\", Jason Brown in Robert Altman's \"Cookie's Fortune\", and Peter Garrett in \"Vertical Limit\". O'Donnell currently stars as special Agent G. Callen on the CBS crime drama television series \"\", a spin-off of \"NCIS\". Christopher O'Donnell was born in Winnetka, Illinois, the son of William Charles O'Donnell, Sr., a general manager of WBBM-AM,",
"title": "Chris O'Donnell"
},
{
"id": "7507136",
"text": "Vincent Ventresca Vincent Paul Gerard Ventresca (born April 29, 1966) is an American actor, perhaps best known for portraying Darien Fawkes on Sci-Fi's \"The Invisible Man\", and Professor Jack Reed on NBC's \"Boston Common\". Ventresca is also known for his guest starring role as Fun Bobby on NBC's \"Friends\". Ventresca was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. The youngest of eleven children, Ventresca graduated from Indiana University with a double major in theater and psychology. In 1995, he married Dianne Shiner, his high school sweetheart, and they have two children: a son, Benjamin, and a daughter, Renée Marie. He has guest starred",
"title": "Vincent Ventresca"
},
{
"id": "3301288",
"text": "second, third, fourth, and fifth seasons of the show. In 2014, he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for his work in the third season. Cole currently provides the voice of Sergeant Boscoe on \"Bob's Burgers\" and Principal Shepherd on \"Family Guy\". Cole married actress Teddi Siddall on March 8, 1992. Their daughter Mary is pursuing an acting career. On June 19, 2017, the couple announced they were divorcing. Gary Cole Gary Michael Cole (born September 20, 1956) is an American actor and voice actor. Cole began his professional acting career",
"title": "Gary Cole"
},
{
"id": "1776417",
"text": "spent 3 months recovering in hospital, suggesting the surgery took place in June 2018. Matthew Perry Matthew Langford Perry (born August 19, 1969) is a Canadian-American actor, comedian and playwright who gained worldwide recognition for his role as Chandler Bing on the NBC television sitcom \"Friends\". Along with starring in the short-lived television series \"Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip\", Perry has appeared in a number of films, including \"Fools Rush In\" (1997), \"The Whole Nine Yards\" (2000), and \"17 Again\" (2009). In 2010, he expanded his résumé to include both video games and voiceover work when he voiced Benny",
"title": "Matthew Perry"
},
{
"id": "752624",
"text": "2016. Lyndhurst lives in West Sussex with his wife Lucy, a former ballet dancer (married in Chichester, West Sussex, 1999). They have a son, Archie. Lyndhurst's hobbies include underwater diving, beekeeping and piloting his own aeroplanes. Lyndhurst is the grandson of Francis Lyndhurst, a theatrical scenery painter and film director, who set up an early film studio at Shoreham Fort, Shoreham-by-Sea. Radio Nicholas Lyndhurst Nicholas Simon Lyndhurst (born 20 April 1961) is an English actor. He played Rodney Trotter in \"Only Fools and Horses\", Gary Sparrow in \"Goodnight Sweetheart\", Dan Griffin in the BBC drama \"New Tricks\" and Adam Parkinson",
"title": "Nicholas Lyndhurst"
},
{
"id": "13670660",
"text": "\"40 Years On\". 1970 Theatre Royal Bristol \"Poor Horace\", 1972 The Roundhouse, Chalk Farm. \"Quetlzcoatl\". 1974 Hampstead Theatre Club, Stephan Poliakoff \"Clever Soldiers\" Sean Bury Sean Bury [born ] in Brighton, Sussex, England) is a British television and film actor, best known for his lead role as Paul Harrison in Lewis Gilbert's 1971 film \"Friends\" and the 1974 sequel \"Paul and Michelle\". At the age of nine he won a music scholarship to Winchester Cathedral Choir School, where he was a boarder and a chorister 1963/67. Then a Music scholarship to Brighton College. 1967/68. Thereafter attended Corona Stage School in",
"title": "Sean Bury"
},
{
"id": "7185059",
"text": "Mortensen. The following year, in 1994, Nelson co-wrote and co-starred in the movie \"Criminal Passion\" which featured Joan Severance and Anthony Denison. Nelson's most critically acclaimed television success was in the role of Walt Cummings in \"24\", followed by the role of Senator Jeffrey Collins in the 2006 Fox drama \"Vanished\". Nelson also appeared as Paul, Monica Geller's boyfriend (also known as \"The Wine Guy\") in the first episode of \"Friends\". Nelson married Åse Nelson in 1988. They separated in 2003 and divorced in 2005. His two children from that marriage—son Axel (b. 1990) and daughter Linnea (b. 1994)—live with",
"title": "John Allen Nelson"
},
{
"id": "13887650",
"text": "Gary Hudson (actor) Gary Hudson (born March 26, 1956) is an American-Canadian actor. Hudson was born on March 26, 1956, in Newport News, Virginia, and raised in historic Hilton Village, where his father was also born. He left Virginia in 1977 after attending Christopher Newport College for two years to pursue his acting career in Los Angeles. His first acting job was in the film \"Hooper\" starring Burt Reynolds. From there Hudson's career began, and has led to numerous work in films, TV shows, stage, producing and directing. His credits include series regular roles on \"Safe at Home\", \"As the",
"title": "Gary Hudson (actor)"
},
{
"id": "7073400",
"text": "of his son's characters. He also appeared in an episode of \"Friends\", \"The One with Rachel's New Dress\", playing the father of Rachel Green's boyfriend Joshua. John Bennett Perry John Bennett Perry (born January 4, 1941) is an American actor, singer, and former model. He is the father of actor Matthew Perry. Perry was born in Williamstown, Massachusetts, the son of Maria Schaefer-Bennett (1910-1970) and Alton L. Perry (1906-2003). He attended college at St. Lawrence University, where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity. He married twice. His first wife was Suzanne Langford, a former press secretary to",
"title": "John Bennett Perry"
},
{
"id": "145162",
"text": "communication with Rachel. Ross agrees, but during a last dinner with all six main characters together, Emily phones Ross and, upon discovering Rachel is there, realizes she does not trust him, which ends the marriage. Phoebe begins a relationship with a police officer, Gary (Michael Rapaport), after finding his badge and using it as her own. Monica and Chandler go public with their relationship, to the surprise and happiness of their friends. They decide to get married on a trip to Las Vegas, but change their plans after witnessing Ross and Rachel drunkenly stumble out of the wedding chapel. In",
"title": "Friends"
},
{
"id": "145149",
"text": "Video\" was ranked 100 on \"TV Guide\"'s 100 Greatest Episodes of All-Time. In 2013, \"Friends\" ranked no. 24 on the Writers Guild of America's 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time, and no. 28 on \"TV Guides 60 Best TV Series of All Time. Rachel Green flees her wedding day and finds childhood friend Monica Geller, a New York City chef. They become roommates, and Rachel joins Monica's group of single people in their mid-20s: Struggling actor Joey Tribbiani, business professional Chandler Bing, masseuse and musician Phoebe Buffay, and newly divorced palaeontologist Ross Geller, Monica's older brother. Rachel becomes",
"title": "Friends"
},
{
"id": "7097490",
"text": "voiced Phobos on \"W.I.T.C.H.\" and Donatello in the \"TMNT\" film. He played Benjamin, a Marine friend of Eddie Birdlace, in \"Dogfight\". As of 2015, Whitfield does the voice of Fixit on \"\". Mitchell Whitfield Mitchell Whitfield (born September 8, 1964) is an American actor and voice actor. Whitfield was born in Brooklyn, New York. He guest-starred in several episodes of \"Friends\" as Dr. Barry Farber, Rachel's orthodontist ex-fiancé, whom Rachel left at the altar on their wedding day. He also appeared in \"Dharma & Greg\"; \"Murder, She Wrote\"; Diagnosis Murder and \"\" as well as \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\". In the",
"title": "Mitchell Whitfield"
},
{
"id": "15345312",
"text": "for 20 episodes as the major character of Eddie 'Donkeylips' Gelfen. After that series, he continued with guest roles on well-known television series, including that of Monica Geller's (Courteney Cox) prom date on an episode of \"Friends\". He has also appeared in movies such as \"Marilyn Hotchkiss' Ballroom Dancing and Charm School\" and Ivan Reitman's \"Evolution\". Bower had a small role in an episode of the FOX series \"Dark Angel\", and played in the indie film \"Social Misfits\", and the comedy short film \"Dinner with Raphael\" (written and directed by Joey Boukadakis). Bower appeared as a contestant on the game",
"title": "Michael Ray Bower"
},
{
"id": "3766857",
"text": "Victor Williams Victor L. Williams (born September 19, 1970) is an American actor best known as Doug Heffernan's (Kevin James) best friend Deacon Palmer on \"The King of Queens.\" He has also appeared on several other hit TV shows, including \",\" \"Law & Order,\" \"ER,\" \"New York Undercover,\" \"Girlfriends,\" \"Fringe\" and \"The Jamie Foxx Show.\" In 2012, Williams was seen and heard as a pitchman for Verizon Fios television commercials. Williams was born in Brooklyn, New York. He attended Midwood High School, where he used his height by playing power forward on the school basketball team. He went on to",
"title": "Victor Williams"
},
{
"id": "3639379",
"text": "in \"\". Bader also voices Guy Gardner in \"\". In 2016, Bader starred in the \"It's the Obvious Choice\" series of Time Warner Cable television commercials and currently stars as Greg Otto in \"American Housewife\" with Katy Mixon. Bader also has a recurring role on HBO's \"Veep\". Diedrich Bader Karl Diedrich Bader (born December 24, 1966) is an American actor, voice actor and comedian best known for appearing in comedies, including the films \"The Beverly Hillbillies\", \"Office Space\", \"EuroTrip\" and \"Napoleon Dynamite\" and the sitcoms \"The Drew Carey Show\", \"Veep\", \"Outsourced\" and \"American Housewife\". He is also a voice actor",
"title": "Diedrich Bader"
},
{
"id": "8502167",
"text": "was written by Cherry Chevapravatdumrong and directed by James Purdum. It received mixed reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 9.3 million homes in its original airing. The episode featured guest performances by Drew Barrymore, Mindy Cohn, Gary Cole, Taylor Cole, Lauren Conrad, David Cross, Margaret Easley, Lauren Hooser, Kim Parks, Kevin Michael Richardson, André Sogliuzzo and Crawford Wilson, along with several recurring guest voice actors for the series. As Lois finds Chris and his friends watching a pornographic film, she becomes convinced a proper sex-ed class should be",
"title": "Prick Up Your Ears (Family Guy)"
},
{
"id": "17409109",
"text": "Gary Morgan (actor) Gary Morgan (born January 2, 1950) is an American film and television actor and stunt man. Morgan was born Gary Panansky to vaudevillian parents, who adopted the professional surname \"Morgan\". As a child, he acted in his parents' acts on Broadway and was an acrobat as well. He had roles on television series, including \"Naked City\", \"The Partridge Family\", \"Adam-12\", and \"Happy Days\", as well in several TV movies, including \"The California Kid\" (1974) and \"Pinocchio\" (1976) starring Sandy Duncan. He also appeared as the son in the original pilot for \"Head of the Family\" (an unsold",
"title": "Gary Morgan (actor)"
},
{
"id": "8627988",
"text": "Mike Hagerty Michael Gerard Hagerty (born May 10, 1954) is an American actor. He is known for playing comedic blue-collar workers, including his recurring roles as a building superintendent on \"Friends\" and the manager of a muffler shop on HBO's \"Lucky Louie\". Hagerty is recognized for his small character roles in a wide range of popular comedies, including \"Martin\", \"Cheers\", \"The Wayans Bros.\", \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\", \"Friends\", \"Seinfeld\", and \"The Wonder Years\". He was also a regular on \"The George Carlin Show\". He began his acting career with The Second City. Although the majority of his career has been spent",
"title": "Mike Hagerty"
},
{
"id": "145159",
"text": "Frank Jr. (Giovanni Ribisi) and birth mother Phoebe (Teri Garr). Joey develops a relationship with his acting partner Kate (Dina Meyer), and Monica begins a relationship with millionaire Pete Becker (Jon Favreau) which ends because of the disagreements between the two. In the fourth-season premiere, Ross and Rachel briefly reconcile after Ross pretends to read a long letter that Rachel wrote for him, but continues to insist that the two were on a break so they break up again. Joey dates Kathy (Paget Brewster), a girl that Chandler has a crush on. Kathy and Chandler later kiss, which causes drama",
"title": "Friends"
},
{
"id": "1458056",
"text": "in which Kudrow co-starred as [[Massage therapy|massage therapist]] [[Phoebe Buffay]], Ursula's twin sister. For her starring role as Phoebe on \"Friends\" (NBC, 1994–2004) Kudrow won the 1998 [[Emmy Award]] for [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Comedy Series|Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series]]. According to the \"[[Guinness Book of World Records]]\" (2005), Kudrow and co-stars [[Jennifer Aniston]] and [[Courteney Cox]] became the highest paid TV actresses of all time, earning $1 million per episode for the ninth and tenth seasons of \"Friends\". During her tenure on \"Friends\" Kudrow appeared in multiple comedic films such as \"[[Romy and",
"title": "Lisa Kudrow"
},
{
"id": "6627947",
"text": "the Guardian First Book Award and the Hawthornden Prize. The book was also shortlisted (in the biography category) for the Whitbread Book-of-the-Year Award, the Samuel Johnson Prize, and the National Book Critics Circle Award in the United States. He also wrote a screenplay adaptation, filmed in 2006 for the BBC and HBO, and broadcast in September 2007. It won the Royal Television Society Award in the Single Drama category and the Reims International Television award for the Best TV Screenplay. In 2007, he collaborated with photographer Adrian Clarke on the book \"Gary's Friends\", chronicling the lives of drug and alcohol",
"title": "Alexander Masters"
},
{
"id": "1776401",
"text": "Matthew Perry Matthew Langford Perry (born August 19, 1969) is a Canadian-American actor, comedian and playwright who gained worldwide recognition for his role as Chandler Bing on the NBC television sitcom \"Friends\". Along with starring in the short-lived television series \"Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip\", Perry has appeared in a number of films, including \"Fools Rush In\" (1997), \"The Whole Nine Yards\" (2000), and \"17 Again\" (2009). In 2010, he expanded his résumé to include both video games and voiceover work when he voiced Benny in the video game \"\". Perry was the co-creator, co-writer, executive producer, and star",
"title": "Matthew Perry"
},
{
"id": "2873363",
"text": "is a practicing Roman Catholic. Chris O'Donnell Christopher Eugene O'Donnell (born June 26, 1970) is an American actor and former model. He played Charlie Simms in \"Scent of a Woman\", D'Artagnan in \"The Three Musketeers\", Jack Foley in the drama film \"Circle of Friends\", Dick Grayson/Robin in \"Batman Forever\" and \"Batman & Robin\", Jason Brown in Robert Altman's \"Cookie's Fortune\", and Peter Garrett in \"Vertical Limit\". O'Donnell currently stars as special Agent G. Callen on the CBS crime drama television series \"\", a spin-off of \"NCIS\". Christopher O'Donnell was born in Winnetka, Illinois, the son of William Charles O'Donnell, Sr.,",
"title": "Chris O'Donnell"
},
{
"id": "14488463",
"text": "time with the movie \"Killers\" in 1997. Logan would also appear in the Triple-B genre film, \"\". A year later he made appearances in the TNT television series' \"L.A. Heat\" and UPN's \"Malcolm & Eddie\". In 2000, Logan appeared in the mockumentary, \"The Independent\". In 2001, he appeared in the \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" spin-off, \"Angel\". In that same year Logan was cast as Glen Reiber in \"Days of Our Lives\". In 2003, Logan made a guest appearance in an episode of the NBC television sitcom, \"Friends\". He followed this up with a series of action films such as \"The",
"title": "Paul Logan (actor)"
},
{
"id": "752623",
"text": "the final episode at Easter 2011. Lyndhurst's stage performances have been relatively few, but he received good critical notices for his performance as Norman in Sir Ronald Harwood's \"The Dresser\", directed by Peter Hall, and for his Trinculo in \"The Tempest\". In 2013, he joined the cast as a regular of Series 10 of \"New Tricks\". In 2014, Lyndhurst revived his \"Only Fools and Horses\" character Rodney Trotter in a return Sport Relief Special, which aired on 21 March 2014. In 2016, Lyndhurst revived his \"Goodnight Sweetheart\" character Gary Sparrow in a one-off special episode, which aired on 2 September",
"title": "Nicholas Lyndhurst"
},
{
"id": "3301283",
"text": "in Chicago, where he joined the ensemble of the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in 1985. In an early role Cole played an accused Army triple-murderer Capt Jeffrey MacDonald in the mini-series \"Fatal Vision\". Cole has also appeared in several off-Broadway productions in New York City. He has done voice work on several animated series (\"Family Guy\"; \"Kim Possible\"; \"Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law\"; \"Archer\") and had a recurring role on the drama \"The West Wing\" as Vice President Bob Russell. He also starred as Captain Matthew Gideon on the short-lived \"Babylon 5\" spin-off \"Crusade\", and had notable guest appearances on \"\"",
"title": "Gary Cole"
},
{
"id": "13093150",
"text": "in 2018. Cory Hardrict Cory Hardrict (born November 9, 1979) is an American actor. He has appeared in film and television since the late 1990s. He was an executive producer for the 2012 film \"The Watch\". Hardrict was born in Chicago, Illinois. He began his career on television during the late 1990s, with appearances in weekly prime-time programs including \"Smart Guy\", \"Felicity\", \"Once and Again\" and \"ER\". He made his film debut in the 1999 romantic comedy \"Never Been Kissed\", starring Drew Barrymore, followed by a role in the drama \"Crazy/Beautiful\" (2001). Hardrict has also appeared in \"Creature Unknown\" (2004),",
"title": "Cory Hardrict"
},
{
"id": "145168",
"text": "proposal of marriage. Season nine begins with Ross and Rachel living together as roommates with their daughter Emma. Monica and Chandler try to conceive a baby of their own but find out that they are unable to, due to health restrictions. Phoebe begins dating Mike Hannigan (Paul Rudd) and chooses to be with him over her ex-boyfriend David (Hank Azaria). Rachel and Emma move in with Joey in the middle of the season, and Rachel develops infatuation towards him, while the rest of the \"friends\" try hard to get Ross and Rachel back together. The group travels to Barbados in",
"title": "Friends"
},
{
"id": "3572381",
"text": "has garnered Barr eight Daytime Emmy Award nominations (1980, 1981, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1998 and 2001), winning the award in 1990 and again in 1998 for 'Outstanding Supporting Actress'. Barr quickly became a fan favorite and a fixture of the show. She also became close friends with noted actress Ruth Warrick, who portrayed her aunt Phoebe on the show until her death in 2005. Barr was at one time a vocalist in a band that she formed with Richard Shoberg, who played her onscreen husband Tom Cudahy. Barr once played Erica Kane in an audition scene with David Canary.",
"title": "Julia Barr"
},
{
"id": "5734942",
"text": "Michael McMillian Michael McMillian (born October 21, 1978) is an American actor and writer, known for his roles as Henry Gibson on \"What I Like About You\", Steve Newlin on the HBO series \"True Blood\", and Owen on \"Hot in Cleveland\". McMillian is also the creator and writer of a comic book, \"Lucid\". He is currently portraying the recurring role of Tim in \"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend\". McMillian was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and grew up in Olathe, Kansas, attending Blue Valley Northwest High School through his second year. In 1995, McMillian transferred to Interlochen Arts Academy, where he studied acting,",
"title": "Michael McMillian"
},
{
"id": "13093146",
"text": "Cory Hardrict Cory Hardrict (born November 9, 1979) is an American actor. He has appeared in film and television since the late 1990s. He was an executive producer for the 2012 film \"The Watch\". Hardrict was born in Chicago, Illinois. He began his career on television during the late 1990s, with appearances in weekly prime-time programs including \"Smart Guy\", \"Felicity\", \"Once and Again\" and \"ER\". He made his film debut in the 1999 romantic comedy \"Never Been Kissed\", starring Drew Barrymore, followed by a role in the drama \"Crazy/Beautiful\" (2001). Hardrict has also appeared in \"Creature Unknown\" (2004), \"Miles from",
"title": "Cory Hardrict"
},
{
"id": "1707988",
"text": "Richard Lewis (comedian) Richard Philip Lewis (born June 29, 1947) is an American stand-up comedian and actor. He came to prominence in the 1980s as a comedian specializing in self-deprecating humor before turning to acting. He is known for co-starring in the comedy series \"Anything but Love\" (1989–92) and for his recurring and semi-autobiographical role in \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" (2000–present). Richard Lewis was born in Brooklyn, New York, and was raised in Englewood, New Jersey, where he graduated from Dwight Morrow High School in 1965. His father worked as a caterer and his mother was an actress. The Lewises are",
"title": "Richard Lewis (comedian)"
},
{
"id": "9609495",
"text": "John Enos III John Enos III (born June 12, 1962) is an American film and television actor. He has guest starred on television programs \"Murder, She Wrote\", \"Sex and the City\", \"NYPD Blue\", and \"\", among other TV series. Enos's film credits include \"Death Becomes Her\" (1992), \"Demolition Man\" (1993), \"The Rock\" (1996), \"Blade\" (1998), \"Flawless\" (1999), \"Phone Booth\" (2002), \"Everybody Wants to Be Italian\" (2007) and \"Toxic\" (2008). In 2018, Enos was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Performer, for his role as Roger, an Elvis impersonator and partner to Eileen Davidson's Susan Banks, on the",
"title": "John Enos III"
},
{
"id": "19854984",
"text": "Gary Swanson Gary Swanson (born September 1, 1948) is an American film and television actor. Born in Queens, New York, Swanson graduated from Long Island University (then C.W. Post College), in Long Island, New York, with a bachelor's degree in English Literature. He soon then began studying under renowned acting coaches Elia Kazan and Lee Strasberg at The Actors' Studio in New York City, where he is presently a lifetime member. Swanson kickstarted his acting career in the films \"Vice Squad\" (1982) with Season Hubley and \"Making Love\" (1982) with Kate Jackson, Harry Hamlin and Michael Ontkean. He also was",
"title": "Gary Swanson"
},
{
"id": "15056286",
"text": "Brian Patrick Wade Brian Patrick Wade (born June 9, 1978) is an American actor and physical trainer, best known for his television roles as Capt. Craig Schwetje in the mini-series \"Generation Kill\", as Kurt (Penny's former love interest) in \"The Big Bang Theory\", and as the Alpha Werewolf Ennis on \"Teen Wolf\". Wade made his debut in 2002 as an exotic dancer on \"\". He later appeared in the films \"Latter Days\" and \"The Guardian\". He later appeared on television in episodes of \"Two and a Half Men\", \"Sabrina, the Teenage Witch\", \"NCIS\", \"Las Vegas\", \"Surface\", \"'Til Death\", \"The Closer\",",
"title": "Brian Patrick Wade"
},
{
"id": "4386181",
"text": "Edward Burns Edward Fitzgerald Burns (born January 29, 1968) is an American actor, producer, writer, and director best known for appearing in several films including \"Saving Private Ryan\" (1998), \"15 Minutes\" (2001), \"Life or Something Like It\" (2002), \"Confidence\" (2003), \"A Sound of Thunder\" (2005), \"The Holiday\" (2006), \"One Missed Call\" (2008), \"27 Dresses\" (2008), \"Man on a Ledge\" (2012), \"Friends with Kids\" (2012), and \"Alex Cross\" (2012). Burns directed movies such as \"The Brothers McMullen\" (1995), \"She's the One\" (1996), \"Sidewalks of New York\" (2001), \"Purple Violets\" (2007), and \"The Fitzgerald Family Christmas\" (2012). He also starred as Bugsy",
"title": "Edward Burns"
},
{
"id": "5459987",
"text": "Zen Gesner Zen Brant Gesner (born June 23, 1970) is an American television and movie actor. He is perhaps most recognized for his roles as Sinbad in the syndicated television series \"The Adventures of Sinbad\", and was a regular cast member on the ABC daytime drama \"All My Children\" as bad boy and rapist Braden Lavery. More recently he's appeared in Miller Lite's \"Man Laws\" commercials as one of the \"Men Of The Square Table\". Gesner also appeared on an episode of the popular sitcom \"Friends\" in which he played Rachel Green's date. A graduate of the prestigious London Academy",
"title": "Zen Gesner"
},
{
"id": "1390246",
"text": "film. In 2015, Cates provided the voice of her \"Gremlins\" character Kate Beringer for the video game \"Lego Dimensions\". In the early 1980s, Cates shared an apartment in Greenwich Village with her then boyfriend Stavros Merjos. She first met him in 1979, when she went out to her first night in Studio 54 with family friend Andy Warhol. In 1983, during her audition for a role (that eventually went to Meg Tilly) in \"The Big Chill\", Cates met actor Kevin Kline for the first time and became romantically involved with him. In 1989, they married, and she changed her name",
"title": "Phoebe Cates"
},
{
"id": "6981961",
"text": "Gordon from \"Sesame Street\"), Matthew Lillard, Bill Cosby, Al Roker, Terrell Owens, Tyler Perry, Robin Antin, Keith Richards, Eddie Murphy (as his character James \"Thunder\" Early from the movie \"Dreamgirls\"), Sherman Hemsley (as his character George Jefferson on \"The Jeffersons\"), Charles Barkley, Sendhil Ramamurthy (as Mohinder Suresh), Tyson Beckford, Seal (originally played by Peele until Peele left the show at the end of season 13), Sidney Poitier, Lionel Richie, Barack Obama, Kobe Bryant and Jack Haley (as the Tin Man from \"The Wizard of Oz\"). He also played female celebrities, including Phylicia Rashād and Eva Longoria (as Gabrielle Solis on",
"title": "Keegan-Michael Key"
},
{
"id": "3766858",
"text": "attend college at Binghamton University in Upstate New York. Then he received a Masters of Fine Arts degree in acting from New York University's Graduate Acting Program at the Tisch School of the Arts. Victor Williams Victor L. Williams (born September 19, 1970) is an American actor best known as Doug Heffernan's (Kevin James) best friend Deacon Palmer on \"The King of Queens.\" He has also appeared on several other hit TV shows, including \",\" \"Law & Order,\" \"ER,\" \"New York Undercover,\" \"Girlfriends,\" \"Fringe\" and \"The Jamie Foxx Show.\" In 2012, Williams was seen and heard as a pitchman for",
"title": "Victor Williams"
},
{
"id": "3052331",
"text": "Elliott Gould Elliott Gould (born Elliott Goldstein; August 29, 1938) is an American actor. He began acting in Hollywood films during the 1960s. In addition to his performance in the comedy \"Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice\" (1969), for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, Gould is perhaps best known for his significant leading roles in Robert Altman films, starring in \"M*A*S*H\" (1970), \"The Long Goodbye\" (1973), and \"California Split\" (1974). More recently, he has gained recognition for his recurring supporting roles as Jack Geller on \"Friends\" (1994–2004), as Reuben Tishkoff in",
"title": "Elliott Gould"
},
{
"id": "3894275",
"text": "David Clennon David Clennon (born May 10, 1943) is an American actor. He is known for his Emmy-nominated portrayal of Miles Drentell in the ABC series \"thirtysomething\" and \"Once and Again\", as well as his role as Palmer in the John Carpenter's cult classic film \"The Thing\". He has been frequently cast in films directed by Hal Ashby and Costa-Gavras. Clennon was born in Waukegan, Illinois, the son of Virginia, a homemaker, and Cecil Clennon, an accountant. He attended the University of Notre Dame from 1962 to 1965. He studied at the Yale School of Drama for three years and",
"title": "David Clennon"
},
{
"id": "4833226",
"text": "Phil Morris (actor) Phillip Morris (born April 4, 1959) is an American film, television and voice actor. He played Jackie Chiles in the NBC sitcom \"Seinfeld\", John Jones in The CW superhero drama \"Smallville\", Delroy Jones in \"Love That Girl!\" and voiced Doc Saturday in \"The Secret Saturdays\". Morris was born in Iowa City, Iowa, and is the son of actor Greg Morris. He is also the younger brother of actress Iona Morris. He is a practitioner of Wing Chun under Sifu Hawkins Cheung. Morris's first acting role was as a child when he appeared in the 1966 \"\" episode",
"title": "Phil Morris (actor)"
},
{
"id": "7266139",
"text": "Gary Frank (actor) Gary Frank (born October 9, 1950, Spokane, Washington) is an American actor who won an Emmy Award for his performances on the TV series \"Family\" (which also starred James Broderick, Sada Thompson, Meredith Baxter, and Kristy McNichol). He also starred with Glynnis O'Connor in the short-lived 1974 CBS series \"Sons and Daughters\", a drama about young people in a changing society. Frank appeared in the film \"Deadly Weapon\". He starred in three episodes of \"Remington Steele\" as well as episodes of \"The Streets of San Francisco\", \"T.J. Hooker\", \"Charlie's Angels\", \"Fantasy Island\", Magnum PI., \"Murder She Wrote\",",
"title": "Gary Frank (actor)"
},
{
"id": "19734365",
"text": "10, 2018. Erik Stocklin Erik Flynn Stocklin (born September 24, 1982) is an American actor known for recurring roles on television series \"Stalker\" (2014) and \"Mistresses\" (2013), and his starring role on \"Haters Back Off\" (2016–2017). Stocklin was born in Freehold, New Jersey. He attended Southern Connecticut State University and earned a bachelor's degree in theatre in 2007. While in college, he played for four summers with the Elm Shakespeare Company in New Haven, Connecticut. He also trained at the Circle in the Square Theatre School in New York City. In 2008, he moved to California. Stocklin has played leading",
"title": "Erik Stocklin"
},
{
"id": "19734363",
"text": "Erik Stocklin Erik Flynn Stocklin (born September 24, 1982) is an American actor known for recurring roles on television series \"Stalker\" (2014) and \"Mistresses\" (2013), and his starring role on \"Haters Back Off\" (2016–2017). Stocklin was born in Freehold, New Jersey. He attended Southern Connecticut State University and earned a bachelor's degree in theatre in 2007. While in college, he played for four summers with the Elm Shakespeare Company in New Haven, Connecticut. He also trained at the Circle in the Square Theatre School in New York City. In 2008, he moved to California. Stocklin has played leading roles in",
"title": "Erik Stocklin"
},
{
"id": "2032768",
"text": "Matt LeBlanc Matthew Steven LeBlanc (; born July 25, 1967) is an American actor, comedian and television host. He received international recognition for his portrayal of dim-witted womaniser Joey Tribbiani on the NBC sitcom \"Friends\", which ran from 1994 to 2004. For his work on \"Friends\", LeBlanc received three Emmy Award nominations. LeBlanc has also starred as a fictionalized version of himself in the BBC/Showtime comedy series \"Episodes\" (2011–2017), for which he won a Golden Globe Award and received four additional Emmy Award nominations. Since 2016, LeBlanc has hosted the BBC series \"Top Gear\". He plays Adam Burns in the",
"title": "Matt LeBlanc"
},
{
"id": "5639319",
"text": "Andrew Bibby Andrew Bibby (born 24 October 1980 in Sydney) is an Australian actor who played Lance Wilkinson on the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\" in 1995, 1996–2001 and in 2005. He returned again in 2018. He went to Maranatha Christian School in Endeavour Hills, Melbourne, Victoria. After being accepted to both NIDA and WAAPA, he moved to Perth and studied acting at WAAPA between 2001–03. Bibby has three children. In 1996 he appeared in the Australian romantic comedy film, \"Hotel de Love\", alongside Aden Young, Saffron Burrows and Simon Bossell. Bibby worked for the Bell Shakespeare company in 2004 and",
"title": "Andrew Bibby"
},
{
"id": "5016690",
"text": "Dan Cortese Daniel James Cortese (born 1967) is an American actor. He played Perry Rollins on \"Veronica's Closet\" and Vic Meladeo on \"What I Like About You\". Of Sicilian descent, Cortese was born on September 14, 1967, in Sewickley, Pennsylvania, and graduated from Quaker Valley High School in Leetsdale, where he played football and basketball. Prior to becoming an actor, Cortese played college football as a walk-on at the University of North Carolina as a backup quarterback. In his freshman year in 1986, the Tar Heels went to the Aloha Bowl in Hawaii. Cortese never played a down and graduated",
"title": "Dan Cortese"
},
{
"id": "145210",
"text": "Mother\", which \"The Guardian\"s TV and radio blog notes also shares its setting with \"Friends\", Manhattan. Other examples include \"The Big Bang Theory\", \"New Girl\", and \"Happy Endings\". Readers of \"TV Guide\" voted the cast of \"Friends\" their Best Comedy cast of all time, ranking at 29% of the votes, beating \"Seinfeld\", which registered 18%. A poll undertaken by \"60 Minutes\" and \"Vanity Fair\" named \"Friends\" the third greatest sitcom of all time. In 2014, the series was ranked by \"Mundo Estranho\" the Best TV Series of All Time. After the produced pilot lived up to NBC's hopes, the series",
"title": "Friends"
},
{
"id": "13887651",
"text": "World Turns\", \"Paradise Falls\", in 1990 \"Santa Barbara\" as Blackie Simpson and the 2009 Canadian TV series \"Wild Roses\" in Calgary, Canada, where he was nominated for Best Actor at the Monte-Carlo Television Festival. He recurred on \"Smallville\", \"Dynasty\", \"The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.\", \"The Tracey Ullman Show\", \"Air America\" and \"L.A. Heat\". His guest appearances are numerous including \"Cold Case\", \"ER\", \"Missing\", \"Mike Hammer\", \"Doc\", \"Too Close for Comfort\", \"Mama's Family\", \"Three's Company\", \"Matt Houston\", \"The Facts of Life\" and \"Hotel\" among others. Hudson has starred in over 30 films and worked with numerous Oscar and Emmy winners.",
"title": "Gary Hudson (actor)"
},
{
"id": "6315270",
"text": "of Davis. In 2002, he guest-starred in \"Boston Public\". Lee was seen in the short lived WB sitcom \"All About the Andersons\" and in the FX hit show \"The Shield\", as well as the award-winning TV series \"Monk\". In 2005, he received a recurring role in NBC's short-lived comedy \"Committed\". RonReaco also had a recurring role as Chris on CW's sitcom \"Girlfriends\". He had a recurring role on the CBS sitcom \"Worst Week\" and was playing the role of David Emily's husband on \"In the Motherhood\". Lee also had a recurring role as Julius Grant on the Fox show \"The",
"title": "RonReaco Lee"
},
{
"id": "15431110",
"text": "Andrew James Morley Andrew James Morley (born 10 November 1989) is an Australian actor, perhaps best known for his roles as Brandon Benedict in \"Lightning Point\" and Spencer Harrington in \"Home and Away\". Following his departure from \"Home and Away\" in 2015, Morley worked as a presenter on \"Melbourne Weekender\" and joined the cast of \"Neighbours\" as Jack Callahan. Morley was raised on a farm in Clarkefield, Victoria. He has a brother and a sister. After graduating from high school, Morley studied civil engineering at RMIT University. Two years later, at the age of 20, he began acting and appeared",
"title": "Andrew James Morley"
},
{
"id": "8297636",
"text": "Wayne Federman Wayne Federman (born June 22, 1959) is an American comedian, actor, author, writer, comedy historian, and musician. He is noted for numerous stand-up comedy appearances in clubs, theaters, and on television; a biography of \"Pistol\" Pete Maravich; and supporting comedic acting roles in \"The X-Files\", \"The Larry Sanders Show\", \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\", \"Crashing\", \"Legally Blonde\", \"50 First Dates\", \"The 40-Year-Old Virgin\", and \"Step Brothers\". He was the head monologue writer for NBC's \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" in its first season. He co-produced the Emmy-winning HBO documentary \"The Zen Diaries of Garry Shandling\". Federman was born in Los",
"title": "Wayne Federman"
},
{
"id": "17232189",
"text": "Gordon, Andrew Johnson, Monica Mcgowan Johnson, Arnold Kane, Allan Leicht, Coleman Mitchell, Phil Mishkin, Geoffrey Neigher, Mary Kay Place, Steve Pritzker, and Bud Wiser. Episode directors were Peter Bonerz, Bob Claver, Tim Kiley, Robert Moore, Alan Rafkin, and Jay Sandrich The show was filmed in color before a studio audience. Some critics expressed disappointment in \"Friends and Lovers\" – the \"Boston Herald American\"s Anthony La Camera called it \"a downright disappointment\" and the \"Boston Globe\"s Percy Shain said it was \"mundane and average, with few laughs\" – but others gave it more favorable reviews. The premiere episode on September 14,",
"title": "Friends and Lovers (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "14971623",
"text": "Laura Margolis Laura Margolis (born July 16, 1973) is an American actress. She was born in Chicago, Illinois. She has performed in guest roles on television for such series as \"The Drew Carey Show\", \"Friends\", \"Line of Fire\", \"Monk\", and \"Mistresses\". She also had a recurring role as Daisy in the series \"Dirty Sexy Money\". Her film career consists mainly of roles in short films, but her first mainstream role was in the 2008 horror film \"The Strangers\" as the masked villain \"Pin-Up Girl\". She played the part of Marcy in Alistair Legrand's 2015 horror, \"The Diabolical\". In 2018, the",
"title": "Laura Margolis"
},
{
"id": "20962026",
"text": "A day later, it was announced that Joel Fields had joined the production as an additional writer and executive producer. Alongside the series order announcement, it was confirmed that Sam Rockwell and Michelle Williams had been cast in the lead roles of Bob Fosse and Gwen Verdon, respectively. On November 19, 2018, it was announced Margaret Qualley and Norbert Leo Butz had been cast in series regular roles and that Aya Cash, Nate Corddry, Susan Misner, Bianca Marroquín, Kelli Barrett, Evan Handler, Rick Holmes, Paul Reiser, Ethan Slater, Byron Jennings, and Laura Osnes had joined the cast cast in a",
"title": "Fosse/Verdon"
},
{
"id": "16637457",
"text": "Luka Jones Luka Yovetich (stage name Luka Jones) is an American actor and comedian, best known for co-starring in the NBC sitcoms \"Best Friends Forever\" and \"Up All Night\". Jones was born in Evanston, Illinois and raised in the Chicago and Denver metro areas. He graduated from the University of Kansas. He later earned his master's degree in philosophy from California State University, Los Angeles and his doctorate in philosophy from the University of Southern California. Jones studied acting at the Atlantic Theater Company in New York City and the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago. He studied improv and has",
"title": "Luka Jones"
},
{
"id": "145155",
"text": "her wedding to her fiancé Barry and moves into an apartment with her friend Monica from high school. Ross, who has had a crush on Rachel since the two of them were in high school, constantly attempts to tell her how he feels about her. However, many obstacles stand in his way, such as the fact that he is expecting a baby with his lesbian ex-wife, Carol. Joey is shown to be a bachelor and struggling actor, while Phoebe works as a masseuse and portrays a slightly \"crazy\" attribute to her personality based on her troubles as a child after",
"title": "Friends"
},
{
"id": "2107282",
"text": "(2018) and \"\" (2019). Favreau also portrays Happy Hogan in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and played Pete Becker during season three of the television sitcom \"Friends\". He produces films under his banner, Fairview Entertainment. The company has been credited as co-producers in most of Favreau's directorial ventures. Favreau was born in Flushing, Queens, New York, the son of Madeleine, an elementary school teacher who died of leukemia in 1979, and Charles Favreau, a special education teacher. His mother was Jewish (of Russian Jewish descent), and his father is a Catholic of Italian and French-Canadian ancestry. Favreau attended Hebrew school and",
"title": "Jon Favreau"
},
{
"id": "5154492",
"text": "Allan Melvin Allan John Melvin (February 18, 1923 – January 17, 2008) was an American character actor who appeared in several television shows including numerous recurring roles as varying characters on \"The Andy Griffith Show\"; recurring roles as Corporal Henshaw on \"The Phil Silvers Show\"; Sergeant Hacker on \"Gomer Pyle, USMC\"; Alice’s boyfriend Sam the Butcher on \"The Brady Bunch\"; and Archie Bunker’s friend Barney Hefner on \"All in the Family\" and \"Archie Bunker’s Place\". Born in Kansas City, Missouri, to Richard and Marie Melvin and raised in New York City by his paternal grandparents, Frank and Helen (née Campbell)",
"title": "Allan Melvin"
},
{
"id": "5947882",
"text": "Actors Studio. He taught as an adjunct professor at the University of Southern California. Tim DeKay Timothy Robert DeKay (born June 12, 1963) is an American actor. His first on screen acting job was as corporation head Larry Deon on \"seaQuest 2032\". He was a cast member of \"Party of Five\" from 1997–1999, \"Carnivàle\" from 2003–05 and \"Tell Me You Love Me\" in 2007. He has also guest-starred on a number of top-rated television series, including \"Seinfeld\", \"Friends\", \"\", \"My Name Is Earl\", \"NCIS\", \"The New Adventures of Old Christine\", \"Scrubs\", and \"Chuck\". DeKay starred in the USA Network series",
"title": "Tim DeKay"
},
{
"id": "18975594",
"text": "path forward? On August 18, 2015, it was announced that the production on comedy drama film \"Holding Patterns\" was underway, starring Freddie Highmore, Odeya Rush, Haley Joel Osment, Rita Volk, Jake Abel, and Taylor John Smith. Jake Goldberger is directing the film from his own screenplay, while Alex Ginzburg and Tony Lee would be producing the film through Let It Play, with Jim Young producing through Animus Films. On August 26, 2015, Christopher Meloni and Marg Helgenberger joined the film's cast to play Howard and Samantha, respectively, and Gary Ray Moore also joined the cast. Principal photography began in Mobile,",
"title": "Almost Friends (2016 film)"
},
{
"id": "3515755",
"text": "Adam Goldberg Adam Charles Goldberg (born October 25, 1970) is an American actor, director, producer, and musician. Known for his supporting roles in film and television, Goldberg has appeared in films such as \"Dazed and Confused\", \"Saving Private Ryan\", \"A Beautiful Mind\", and \"Zodiac\". He has also played leading roles in independent films such as \"The Hebrew Hammer\" and \"2 Days in Paris\". His TV appearances include the shows \"Friends\" as Eddie Menuek, Chandler's roommate, \"Joey\", \"Entourage\", \"The Jim Gaffigan Show\", \"The Unusuals\", and his critically acclaimed role as hitman Mr. Numbers in the first season of \"Fargo\". Goldberg was",
"title": "Adam Goldberg"
},
{
"id": "18611395",
"text": "Quincy (actor) Quincy Taylor Brown (born June 4, 1991) is an American actor, entrepreneur, model and recording artist who performs under the mononym Quincy. He is best known for his debut starring role in the 2015 film \"Brotherly Love\", and his music single \"Friends First\". More recently, he is a regular on the television musical drama \"Star\". He is the son of the former model Kim Porter and singer, songwriter and record producer Al B. Sure!. Quincy Taylor Brown was born in New York City to late model Kimberly Porter and singer Albert Joseph Brown III (Al B. Sure!). He",
"title": "Quincy (actor)"
},
{
"id": "11809548",
"text": "Steven Kampmann Steven Kampmann (born May 31, 1947) is an American actor, writer, and director. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is best known for his role as Kirk Devane on the first two seasons of \"Newhart\". Kampmann also had roles in \"The Rodney Dangerfield Show: It's Not Easy Bein' Me\", \"L.A. Law\", \"The Richest Cat in the World\", \"Multiplicity\", and \"Analyze That\". Additionally, he was a writer for \"WKRP in Cincinnati\". In 1981, he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series for his work on \"WKRP in Cincinnati\". His screenplay credits include \"Back to",
"title": "Steven Kampmann"
},
{
"id": "5732131",
"text": "Peter Horton Peter Horton (born August 20, 1953) is an American actor and director. He is perhaps best known for the role of Professor Gary Shepherd on the television series \"Thirtysomething\" which he played from 1987 until 1991. Horton was born in Bellevue, Washington, to a father who worked in the shipping business. He attended Redwood High School in Marin County, California, and Principia College in Illinois. During his run on \"Thirtysomething\", \"People\" magazine named him one of the \"50 Most Beautiful People\". Horton acted in television shows including \"St. Elsewhere\", \"The White Shadow\", \"Dallas\", \"Eight Is Enough\", \"In Treatment\"",
"title": "Peter Horton"
},
{
"id": "6193212",
"text": "Gary Kroeger Gary Kroeger (born April 13, 1957) is an American actor best known for his work as a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1982 to 1985, and his work on various game shows. He ran in the Democratic Congressional primary in 2016 and then for an Iowa state house seat in the 2016 election. Kroeger was defeated by incumbent Republican Walt Rogers, with a 10,072 to 7,200 margin, 58% to 42%. Born in Cedar Falls, Iowa, Kroeger attended Northern University High School and graduated from Northwestern University in 1981. He joined the cast of \"Saturday Night Live\"",
"title": "Gary Kroeger"
},
{
"id": "3515762",
"text": "as a regular cast member during the show's second season. He portrays Kilroy, an accomplished computer hacker. Adam Goldberg Adam Charles Goldberg (born October 25, 1970) is an American actor, director, producer, and musician. Known for his supporting roles in film and television, Goldberg has appeared in films such as \"Dazed and Confused\", \"Saving Private Ryan\", \"A Beautiful Mind\", and \"Zodiac\". He has also played leading roles in independent films such as \"The Hebrew Hammer\" and \"2 Days in Paris\". His TV appearances include the shows \"Friends\" as Eddie Menuek, Chandler's roommate, \"Joey\", \"Entourage\", \"The Jim Gaffigan Show\", \"The Unusuals\",",
"title": "Adam Goldberg"
},
{
"id": "501999",
"text": "Jennifer Aniston Jennifer Joanna Aniston (born February 11, 1969) is an American actress, film producer, and businessperson. The daughter of actors John Aniston and Nancy Dow, she began her acting career at an early age making her acting debut with an uncredited role in the 1987 film \"Mac and Me\". Aniston rose to fame portraying Rachel Green on the television sitcom \"Friends\" (1994–2004), for which she earned a Primetime Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award (SAG). The character was widely popular during the airing of the series and was later recognized as one of",
"title": "Jennifer Aniston"
},
{
"id": "12303305",
"text": "Hunter Gomez Hunter Gomez (born December 20, 1991) is an American actor. He is most widely recognized for his work in films and guest appearances in American television. Gomez was born in Mesa, Arizona. He began his entertainment career in 2003 at age 12. He has worked with actors including Nicolas Cage, Jon Voight, Christopher Plummer, Jessica Simpson, Jennifer Love Hewitt, James Belushi, Robert Picardo, Seth MacFarlane, Jodie Sweetin, David Henrie and most recently Sam Heughan. Gomez got his start playing the younger version of Nicolas Cage's character Benjamin Franklin Gates in the 2004 Disney film \"National Treasure\". Playing the",
"title": "Hunter Gomez"
},
{
"id": "4378597",
"text": "Gary Valentine Gary Joseph Knipfing (born November 22, 1961), better known by his screen name Gary Valentine, is an American actor, comedian, and writer. He is the older brother of actor Kevin James. Valentine was born Gary Joseph Knipfing in Mineola, New York, to Janet, who had worked in a chiropractor's office, and Joseph Valentine Knipfing, Jr., who owned an insurance agency. He is of German and Greek descent. Valentine has two siblings: Kevin George Knipfing, known as Kevin James, an actor and comedian, and Leslie Knipfing. Gary and his siblings were raised in the Catholic faith. Valentine got his",
"title": "Gary Valentine"
},
{
"id": "145158",
"text": "eventually break up. Season three takes on a significantly greater serialized format. Rachel begins working at Bloomingdale's, an upscale department store chain, and Ross becomes jealous of her colleague, Mark. Rachel decides to take a break from their relationship; and Ross, hurt and drunk sleeps with Chloe, \"the hot girl from the Xerox place\", causing Rachel to break up with him. In the meantime, Chandler has a hard time dealing with their breakup because it reminds him of his parents' divorce. After believing she has no family except her twin sister Ursula (Lisa Kudrow), Phoebe becomes acquainted with her half-brother",
"title": "Friends"
},
{
"id": "13795230",
"text": "Michael Stuhlbarg Michael Stuhlbarg (; born July 5, 1968) is an American actor. He rose to prominence as troubled university professor Larry Gopnik in the 2009 dark comedy film \"A Serious Man\", directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. Stuhlbarg has appeared in numerous films and television series portraying real life figures, such as George Yeaman in \"Lincoln\" (2012), Lew Wasserman in \"Hitchcock\" (2012), Andy Hertzfeld in \"Steve Jobs\" (2015), Edward G. Robinson in \"Trumbo\" (2015), Abe Rosenthal in \"The Post\" (2017), and Arnold Rothstein in HBO's \"Boardwalk Empire\" (2010–2013). Other notable supporting roles include \"Men in Black 3\" (2012), \"Blue",
"title": "Michael Stuhlbarg"
}
] | who played phoebe's boyfriend gary on friends |
|
| [
{
"id": "9015646",
"text": "forced to have him removed as Chief of Surgery. With mixed feelings, Derek offers him an ultimatum: go into rehab and possibly pick up where he left off after, or quit completely. In seasons three and four, Meredith and Derek's relationship becomes rocky and they each take time to date other people. Derek's plans to propose were ruined by a series of unfortunate events in season five. In the season finale, they decide to give their planned wedding to Alex and Izzie. Due to their tight schedule, they instead informally marry and Derek writes down their \"promises\" on a post-it",
"title": "Derek Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "9015650",
"text": "sister, agrees to donate a nerve and the surgery is a success. Derek and Meredith's marriage is strained after he accepted an invitation from the President to participate in the Brain-Mapping Initiative. He went back on his promise to her that he would not add to his current workload in order to devote time to their two young children and allow her the chance to establish her career as a full-fledged attending. Eventually he was offered a position at the National Institutes of Health in Washington, D.C., but Meredith puts her foot down and refuses to leave her hometown and",
"title": "Derek Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "15029277",
"text": "both (regardless of my lack of surprise, Justin Chambers and Katherine Heigl were both great). Chandra Wilson continued to stand tall above the rest of the cast with the Bailey scenes in both episodes, particularly her crying in front of the Chief. And Meredith and Derek getting \"married\" via Post-It note was so perfect for their characters.\" He added, \"I wish I was able to go into this one pristine, but I wasn't, and I still liked a lot of it. During those fallow periods in the middle of the last few seasons, people kept asking me why I was",
"title": "Now or Never (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "9015651",
"text": "uproot their young family. His youngest sister Amelia (Caterina Scorsone) takes over his position at Grey Sloan. Meanwhile, he and Meredith fight bitterly on and off over whether they should move. After a bad argument, he accepts the job in the heat of the moment and leaves for Washington. While there, he and Meredith talk things out over the phone and come to a mutual conclusion that they both did not want to end their marriage. He tells her that just being with her, raising their children and operating on patients was more satisfying than \"saving the world\". In season",
"title": "Derek Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "9037125",
"text": "wife, Adele, is diagnosed with Alzheimer's, she receives a spot on the trial. Meredith tampers with the drugs so that Adele does not receive the placebo. She and Derek decide to adopt Zola, an orphaned baby from Malawi, and make their marriage legal. When the truth about the tampering comes out, however, a furious Derek tells her he cannot raise a child with her because of her moral ambiguity. Meredith is fired, and tries to conceal both this and her marital separation from the adoption counselor in order to keep Zola. Although Dr. Webber steps down as chief of surgery",
"title": "Meredith Grey"
},
{
"id": "9015647",
"text": "note. They legalize their marriage in season seven in order to adopt Zola, a young African orphan treated for spina bifida. They briefly separate after Meredith tampers with their Alzheimer's trial, jeopardizing her career and tarnishing Derek's reputation. Zola is taken away from Meredith after a social worker finds out she and Derek are living separately. In later seasons, Derek often griped about how his subsequent interns and residents – mainly Lexie Grey, Shane Ross and Heather Brooks – did not quite measure up to Meredith. The social worker comes back and announces they are the official parents of Zola.",
"title": "Derek Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "4811526",
"text": "two were in college. Harris is fired in the fifth season, due to not actually having a medical degree, and departs the show immediately after. Meredith and Shepherd's relationship reaches a toll, and the two separate, leading Shepherd to entertaining a relationship with Rose (Lauren Stamile), a nurse. Rose appears frequently until season five, when Derek and Meredith decide to rekindle their flame. Throughout the fifth season, Stevens experiences full-out hallucinations of Duquette, signaling that she is ill, and once she is lucid, he departs, marking his final appearance. Following the announcement of her relationship with Robbins (Jessica Capshaw), Callie's",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy"
},
{
"id": "9037122",
"text": "is healthier than before, but still experiences snags as the two attempt to understand each other and navigate what they now look on as a permanent, long-term relationship. Meredith relies heavily on Cristina for emotional support and guidance. Eventually, Derek and Meredith decide to marry, but on their wedding day, the pair give their \"perfect\" wedding ceremony to Izzie and Alex, to marry each other during the planned ceremony instead. Meredith and Derek marry by writing their wedding vows on a post-it note. Meredith spends the majority of a season out of commission after donating part of her liver to",
"title": "Meredith Grey"
},
{
"id": "9015653",
"text": "he takes too long to arrive and Derek is declared brain dead. Police arrive at Meredith's door and take her to see Derek, where she consents to removing him from life support. At the time of his death, Meredith was pregnant with their third child. She gives birth to a daughter whom she names Ellis after her mother. Derek was mentioned or referenced to a number of times in season 12 as the other characters struggle to cope with his sudden death. In the episode \"My Next Life\", Meredith had a flashback of their first ever surgery together when a",
"title": "Derek Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "20727481",
"text": "married right then and there. Due to his significance to her, April asks Jackson to stay for the wedding. Arizona walks her down the aisle and the couple gets married in an intimate and Christian ceremony. With her new husband and new job providing healthcare to homeless communities in Seattle, April is ready to start a brand new chapter in her life. During the ceremony, Arizona receives a text from Callie, who can't wait to be reunited. Arizona smiles at the prospect. Meanwhile, on the ferry back to the city, Meredith becomes ordained and officiates the wedding between Jo and",
"title": "All of Me (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "4811513",
"text": "love interest. During the fifth season, Hahn departs from the series, and O'Malley retakes his intern exam, passing, joining his fellow physicians as a resident. Two new characters are introduced, former United States Army trauma surgeon Dr. Owen Hunt, and pediatric surgeon Dr. Arizona Robbins. Hunt becomes a love-interest for Yang, while Robbins becomes a love-interest for Torres. When Stevens is diagnosed with stage four metastatic melanoma, she and Karev get married at the conclusion of the fifth season. In addition, Meredith and Shepherd marry, with their vows written on a blue post-it note. O'Malley dies in the premiere of",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy"
},
{
"id": "9015638",
"text": "Derek Shepherd Derek Christopher Shepherd, M.D., also referred to as \"McDreamy\", is a fictional surgeon from the ABC medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", portrayed by actor Patrick Dempsey. He made his first appearance in the pilot episode, \"A Hard Day's Night\", which was broadcast on March 27, 2005. Derek was married to Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh) for 12 years, before their divorce in 2006. Before his death in 2015, Derek was happily married to his longtime girlfriend and wife Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo). The couple have three children together. Shepherd was formerly the Chief of Surgery at Seattle Grace Mercy West",
"title": "Derek Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "19061943",
"text": "and Dr. April Kepner deal with their relationship problems with all the doctors trying to help two young girls who tried to commit suicide by jumping in front of a train after being bullied for being in love. \"Sledgehammer\" picks up the events occurring three months after Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.) and Dr. Catherine Avery's (Debbie Allen) wedding. Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) finds herself moving back into her old house and adjusting to life with her sister-in-law Dr. Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) and half-sister Dr. Maggie Pierce (Kelly McCreary). Meredith awakes to a banging sound, to find",
"title": "Sledgehammer (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "14987088",
"text": "and reaches out to Meredith. Meredith's half sister Maggie moves in, with Amelia labeling the threesome \"Lady Chief Trifecta.\" She gradually befriends Meredith's colleagues and is accepted into their circle. At the end of season 12, she marries Owen Hunt. However, the marriage is very turbulent at times. They struggle to adjust to married life, especially when Owen tells her that he wants kids as she does not want kids, nor does she want to go through the trauma of another pregnancy after the loss of her first child (who Owen doesn't know about). This strains the marriage to the",
"title": "Amelia Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "9037118",
"text": "chest by impulsively inserting her hand to hold it until the bomb squad can remove it. Meredith has a series of one-night stands, including one with George, who is in love with her. When she cries in the middle of their encounter, their friendship temporarily ends. Meredith swears off her behavior, agrees to be friends only with Shepherd and embarks on a relationship with veterinarian Finn Dandridge (Chris O'Donnell). Derek regrets his decision to return to his wife, and Meredith must decide whether to continue a relationship with Finn, or allow Derek a second chance. When Ellis experiences a rare,",
"title": "Meredith Grey"
},
{
"id": "9037159",
"text": "total channel changer. The will-they-or-won't-they plot doesn't work because they've already been in and out of that relationship too many times. Meredith is a nag and McDreamy is henpecked.\" On a more positive note, her relationship with Shepherd was included in AOL TV's list of the \"Best TV Couples of All Time\" and in the same list by \"TV Guide\". During the sixth season the development of the character was praised, Glenn Diaz of \"BuddyTV\" commented that \"You gotta love Mer when she's gloomy.\", in addition to praising Pompeo's performance. In her review of the episode Tainted Obligation she wrote",
"title": "Meredith Grey"
},
{
"id": "18022137",
"text": "sharing a place, so she buys a fixer-upper for only the two of them. Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) and Dr. Catherine Avery (Debbie Allen) continue their on-again, off-again relationship. With differing opinions on how to be in a relationship, how to run the hospital, and who should be in charge, the two call off their wedding. However, Meredith intervenes and tells them that they are both lucky to still be alive and to cherish the fact that they can still talk to each other. Dr. Webber and Avery work out their differences and decide to get married after",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 11)"
},
{
"id": "15025759",
"text": "go well: they went to an expensive restaurant that she couldn't afford because she has been disowned by her father and now she is broke. Arizona tells her they will stay in to eat and they reconcile. Meredith tells Bailey and Derek's idea to Izzie: they give her their wedding. Yang becomes the maid of honor and Meredith serves as Alex's best man. Back at the hospital, Izzie is sad about her hair loss but Alex tells her she doesn't need it to be beautiful. The episode concludes with Izzie having shaved her head and telling Denny to leave as",
"title": "What a Difference a Day Makes (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "12657961",
"text": "hospital shooting, Owen is shot and injured, attracting the sympathy of Cristina, who subsequently restores their relationship. Due to the emotional reverberations of the shooting crisis, Owen and Cristina decide to wed one another shortly after their reconciliation, not wanting to risk separation. When Cristina discovers she is pregnant, Owen is displeased with her desire to abort the baby, and the two separate from each other. In the fallout of resident Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo)'s tampering with Derek Shepherd's Alzheimer's trial, Owen is promoted to Chief of Surgery after Webber steps down. After substantial thought, Owen reluctantly decides to accompany",
"title": "Owen Hunt"
},
{
"id": "15598685",
"text": "Grey's Anatomy (season 8) The eighth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, commenced airing on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on September 22, 2011, with a special two-hour episode and ended on May 17, 2012 with the eighth season having a total of 24 episodes. The season was produced by ABC Studios, in association with Shondaland Production Company and The Mark Gordon Company, and overseen by showrunner Shonda Rhimes. This season follows the story-line of Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) as they try to save their marriage and adopt Zola after Meredith tampered",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 8)"
},
{
"id": "9037152",
"text": "little package. Referring to Grey's tampering with Shepherd's trial, Pompeo said: \"Listen, what Meredith did clearly crossed a line. Derek has a right to be pissed.\" Following the tampering, Rhimes said she believes that Grey and Shepherd are meant to be together and that it in the end, they will end up with each other. Grey's relationship with Cristina Yang, has been looked upon as \"sisterhood\", and Yang has repeatedly referred to Grey as \"her person\". This led to the two being dubbed \"the twisted sisters\". At the conclusion of season three, the duo went on a \"honeymoon\" together, and",
"title": "Meredith Grey"
},
{
"id": "9015645",
"text": "mother never had Alzheimer's; Derek and Addison are still married but their strained relationship and Shepherd's disillusionment causes his career to stagnate, earning him the nicknames \"Bad Shepherd\" and \"McDreary\". When Derek is offered the Chief of Surgery position for the second time, he persuades the board to keep Dr. Webber on the staff. During the merger of Seattle Grace with Mercy West their relationship sours when Derek disagreed with Richard's handling of the merger and Richard begins to display uncharacteristic behavior, not unnoticed by his fellow surgeons. Derek learns from Meredith that Richard has since resumed drinking and feels",
"title": "Derek Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "15025756",
"text": "garnered a 5.3/14 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic. The episode opens to a voice-over by Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl). She is excited about the wedding of Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), which she prepared and will take place at the end of the day. Stevens, who has been diagnosed with stage IV metastatic cancer in her brain and liver, has just undergone a surgery to remove a tumor. She however has hallucinations of Denny Duquette (Jeffrey Dean Morgan), her former deceased fiancé, which she knows means she has another tumor. Meanwhile, Dr. Cristina",
"title": "What a Difference a Day Makes (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "9015644",
"text": "attempt to repair their marriage but attempts were futile. Since their divorce they have remained on amicable terms, with Addison even admonishing Meredith for breaking up with Derek in season three. In the \"Private Practice\" episode \"Ex-Life\" Derek finally tells Addison that his mother never liked her in the first place. He admits to Meredith that Addison cheating on him with Mark was partly his fault as an absentee husband. Addison eventually leaves Seattle for a private practice in Los Angeles, spawning the spin-off \"Private Practice\". In the season eight episode \"If/Then\", Meredith dreams of an alternate universe where her",
"title": "Derek Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "20161234",
"text": "struggles to find an available cardio surgeon until Teddy unexpectedly arrives looking for a job. Jo learns she has been accepted into Mass Gen's fellowship program, but fearful of losing Alex, Meredith offers Jo the general surgery attending position. The wedding is delayed when the wedding planner goes into anaphylactic shock and an emergency tracheotomy is performed to save her. After the guests leave thinking there will be no wedding, the pastor finally arrives in time to marry April and Matthew after a surprise re-engagement. On a ferry back to the main land, Maggie has the idea to have Meredith",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 14)"
},
{
"id": "3318602",
"text": "vehicle to address issues of gender and race within the community. For example, one episode took on homophobia when the famous poet Walt Whitman came to town. Religion played a somewhat minor role in the series, but was also used to address certain issues and new ideas. In the season-three finale, \"For Better or Worse\", Michaela and Sully were married during a special two-hour episode. During season four, Seymour's real-life pregnancy was written into the show. The following season saw the birth of Michaela and Sully's daughter, Katie. During its entire original run on CBS, the show aired from 8–9",
"title": "Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman"
},
{
"id": "4811599",
"text": "of the show set up a real online wedding registry to mark the wedding of Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd. Instead of buying gifts fans were encouraged to donate money to the American Academy of Neurology Foundation. An adaptation named as \"Doktorlar\" (\"Doctors\") was aired on December 28, 2006, in a Turkish Network, Show TV, and it lasted four seasons. In 2010, \"A Corazón Abierto\", an adaptation of the series, was made by the Colombian network RCN TV. Grey's Anatomy Grey's Anatomy is an American medical drama television series that premiered on March 27, 2005, on the American Broadcasting Company",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy"
},
{
"id": "9015643",
"text": "Carolyn approved as she felt Meredith's gray perspective of life complemented Derek's tendency to see everything in black and white. Derek's background was generally a mystery for the first season and source of speculation amongst his colleagues due to his sudden departure from an established and highly respected practice in New York. In the season one finale, his past eventually catches up with him when his estranged wife Addison moves to Seattle and is offered a position by Dr. Webber. Shortly thereafter, his childhood best friend Mark joins Seattle Grace as the new head of plastic surgery. Derek and Addison",
"title": "Derek Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "18846348",
"text": "Only Mama Knows (Grey's Anatomy) \"Only Mama Knows\" is the fourth episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and is the 224th episode overall. It aired on October 16, 2014 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by Mark Driscoll and directed by Nicole Rubio. The episode focuses on the show's protagonist Meredith Grey's (Ellen Pompeo) past and troubled childhood and her relationship with her mother world-renowned surgeon Ellis Grey (Kate Burton) and Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.) while she struggles in her marriage with Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey). On its",
"title": "Only Mama Knows (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "15029264",
"text": "have decided not to wait any longer to get married and just go to City Hall that evening, but later realize that there's just no time. Instead, Derek writes their vows down on a post-it note that they both sign and then stick in their locker. Meanwhile, a man is brought in who pushed a woman out of the way of a bus and was subsequently run over by the bus and dragged half a block. The girl he saved keeps checking on him and calling him \"her hero\" and \"Prince Charming\" and similar names. Every time Meredith is talking",
"title": "Now or Never (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "4811529",
"text": "the couple endeavors to raise their new daughter, Sofia Robbin Sloan Torres, with the help of Dr. Sloan. Shepherd and Meredith also become new parents, with their adoption of Zola, a baby girl from Malawi. Conceived as a patient with a tumor condition who later develops diabetes, Henry Burton (Scott Foley) befriends Dr. Altman and eventually joins her in marriage only to get treated using her medical insurance, until he dies while undergoing heart surgery. In the season nine premiere, interns Dr. Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington), Dr. Heather Brooks (Tina Majorino), Dr. Shane Ross (Gaius Charles), Dr. Stephanie Edwards (Jerrika",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy"
},
{
"id": "18769604",
"text": "Time Stops \"Time Stops\" is the 24th episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and the 244th episode overall. It aired on May 7, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by Meg Marinis and directed by Kevin McKidd. On its initial airing it was watched by 7.74 million viewers. In the episode a fresh batch of surgical interns join the hospital's internship program. It's the wedding day of Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.) and Catherine Avery. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) declares that he’s been Chief long enough. Richard recommends",
"title": "Time Stops"
},
{
"id": "9648526",
"text": "soon resumes his courtship of Meredith, despite her recent engagement. Bruce, whom she still calls \"Tom\", sees her desire to be with Larry, and breaks it off with her. Meredith and Larry soon marry on the terrace of Llanfair on June 25, 1970, with Viki as maid of honor and a begrudging Victor giving away the bride. Settling into marriage, Meredith insists they should have a baby to complete their happiness. Larry is against it, worrying that her illness, which is in remission, could return. She soon convinces him, and quickly becomes pregnant with twins. In 1971, after months of",
"title": "Meredith Lord"
},
{
"id": "19523330",
"text": "beats Andrew to a pulp, sending him to the hospital and subsequently landing Alex in jail. Alex is charged with a felony and is at risk of serving substantial jail time until Andrew drops the charges. Later, when Alex questions why Jo had turned down his proposal, she reveals that she is already married and has run away from her abusive husband. Meanwhile, Nathan Riggs (Martin Henderson) continues to pursue Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) after their recent sexual encounter, though Meredith has trouble letting go of her late husband, Derek Shepherd. Maggie Pierce (Kelly McCreary) admits to Meredith that she",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 13)"
},
{
"id": "10711649",
"text": "castmates. Matter joined the main cast of Global's medical drama \"Remedy\" in 2015, for its second season. He played the role of ER Resident Dr Peter Cutler, who develops a romantic relationship with surgeon Dr Melissa Connor, portrayed by Matter's \"\" castmate Sara Canning. In 2016, he guest starred in two episodes of Bravo's \"Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce\" as seedy artist Joaquin. In the same year, he starred as surgeon Dr Clay Castleberry in the Hallmark Channel original movie \"Stop the Wedding\", which was adapted from the novel of the same name by Stephanie Bond. The film's director Anne Wheeler",
"title": "Niall Matter"
},
{
"id": "18282289",
"text": "apart, Carla is pleasantly surprised when Doug proposes. A writer at Prime7 reported, “[for Carla] meeting Dr Doug Graham changed her bad luck in the romance department and that he respected her both professionally and personally”. They decide to get married but begin to fight over the proceedings. To stop their arguing, Doug and Carla decide to get married at their engagement party. Erin Van Der Meer from the \"Daily Mail\" reported that the engagement party delivered all the drama needed for the show's sudden return to the network. She added that the \"decision dashed the dreams of Sophie\" -",
"title": "Carla Hughes (Winners & Losers)"
},
{
"id": "15029275",
"text": "episode fades to black, the two of them are meeting — in an elevator, natch — with Izzie in her pink prom dress and George in his army uniform, while back on earth, their colleagues try furiously to save them. I suppose those of us who wanted answers about whether Katherine Heigl and T.R. Knight are leaving are out of luck — but wow, what an ending.\" Speaking of Meredith and Derek's wedding the site wrote, \"I'm curious to know how the hardcore Mer-Der fans take this, but I thought the whole act was touching (not to mention their actual",
"title": "Now or Never (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "9015663",
"text": "BuzzFeed's \"16 Hottest Doctors On Television\". His relationship with Meredith was included in \"TV Guide\"'s list of \"The Best TV Couples of All Time\". Victor Balta of Today listed Shepherd and Sloan's friendship in its \"TV's best bromances\". He called them \"the most exciting couple on \"Grey’s,\"\" explaining \"they’ve demonstrated an easy chemistry that makes for some of the great comic relief around Seattle Grace Hospital with their banter, sage wisdom on each other’s lives, and locker room-style teasing.\" Their bromance was furthermore included in lists by About.com, BuddyTV, \"Cosmopolitan\", Wetpaint. However, following the announcement of Dane's upcoming departure from",
"title": "Derek Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "19535010",
"text": "impact of their custody arrangement. Meanwhile, Ben Warren (Jason George) performs an emergency C-section on April Kepner (Sarah Drew) at Meredith's house. On Owen and Amelia’s wedding day, Amelia has doubts about the marriage after Meredith talks to Owen about Cristina. Meredith confides with Amelia, leading them to run away with Maggie. April is serving as Owen’s best man, but when she forgets the ring, she and Ben run back to Meredith’s house to get it. As her contractions get closer together, Ben must step up and deliver the baby with an emergency C-section. Alex and Jo fight over Jo",
"title": "Family Affair (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "18842055",
"text": "be there when she gets back. Richard tells Bailey that she will be the next chief of surgery, but Catherine won’t have it. The couple begin to argue again, so Meredith plays the “my husband is dead” card, and she tells them to work out whatever it is that’s causing their separation. Richard and Catherine compromise their differences; one of which is Bailey having to run against an outside candidate of Catherine’s choice. By working out their differences, Richard and Catherine get married in the hospital’s chapel, and they have their reception at Meredith and Derek’s house. During the party,",
"title": "You're My Home (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "12828437",
"text": "reunion with John Watson, and their subsequent solving of an underground terrorist network. The episode achieved an official rating of 12.72 million viewers, making it the highest rated drama episode shown on UK television in 2014. In \"The Sign of Three\", written by Stephen Thompson, Mark Gatiss and Steven Moffat, Watson and Mary Morstan get married. The episode takes place during the wedding reception and the story is told through flashbacks. The episode title is inspired by \"The Sign of the Four\" and was first broadcast on 5 January 2014. The final episode \"His Last Vow\" was first broadcast on",
"title": "Sherlock (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "9037116",
"text": "trust her. Her surgical skills are solidly impressive and she shows a talent and patience for medical research trials and dealing with psychologically damaged patients. Meredith resists Derek's advances throughout her internship, but is eventually charmed into starting a relationship with him despite misgivings about an intern dating an attending. She is, therefore, shocked by the arrival of Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh), Derek's wife, unaware that he was married. Derek struggles to choose between the two, but ultimately returns to Addison, despite Meredith begging to be chosen instead. Meredith is devastated and turns to multiple, self-destructive means of coping. Initially",
"title": "Meredith Grey"
},
{
"id": "10185548",
"text": "surgeon and fifth-year resident Dr. Calliope \"Callie\" Torres, who was portrayed by Sara Ramirez, has to face her husband's unfaithfulness and her unexpected bisexuality. Attending plastic surgeon, Dr. Mark Sloan was portrayed by Eric Dane, who is constantly seeking reconciliation with former best friend, attending physician and Chief of Neurosurgery Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), whose lasting relationship with Meredith Grey faces difficulties. Former \"Reunion\" star Chyler Leigh was promoted to series regular status, after short appearances in the final two episodes of the third season, portraying Meredith's half-sister Lexie Grey, who opts for a surgical internship at Seattle Grace",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 4)"
},
{
"id": "12510225",
"text": "episodes as cardiothoracic surgeon Dr. Erica Hahn, Callie's love interest, who eventually resigns and moves away. Patrick Dempsey portrayed neurosurgeon Dr. Derek Shepherd whose relationship with Meredith Grey is the series' main storyline. Although originally introduced as a recurring character in the season premiere, trauma surgeon Dr. Owen Hunt was promoted to a series regular in the fourteenth episode of the season \"Beat Your Heart Out\". He was portrayed by Kevin McKidd and was conceived as a love interest to resident Cristina Yang. Originally only signed onto the show until December 2008, Kevin McKidd was upgraded to regular status after",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 5)"
},
{
"id": "18022125",
"text": "death of Derek who is involved in a car accident in \"How to Save a Life.\" Other story-arcs include Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) moving to Seattle, learning the ropes at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) and Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) try to save their marriage by going to marriage counseling, April Kepner (Sarah Drew) and Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams) end up having a boy, named Samuel, who dies moments after birth having been diagnosed to have Osteogenesis imperfecta, a lethal birth defect. The season also focuses on the deepening friendship between Meredith and Alex Karev (Justin Chambers)",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 11)"
},
{
"id": "9037139",
"text": "she is violently attacked by a disoriented patient, and she supports him through his legal difficulties. Alex initiates a weekly family waffle day where he makes waffles for everyone in the house. Meredith recovers enough to start seeing Nathan Riggs, Owen Hunt's former best friend, by season 13, although their relationship is complicated by the fact that Maggie confesses to Meredith that she has feelings for Riggs and Meredith is not ready to declare their relationship formally or publicly. Eventually she accepts her relationship with Riggs, but it's complicated by the unexpected return of Owen's sister, Megan Hunt, Riggs' fiancée.",
"title": "Meredith Grey"
},
{
"id": "9648525",
"text": "first legal soap opera abortion the same year (though it was retconned 32 years later). The usual soap opera solution to a single woman's pregnancy was to have her get married, as unwed motherhood was not widely accepted by the viewing public until decades later. A heartbroken Meredith meets an amnesiac whom she calls Tom Edwards (Joseph Gallison). Victor invites Meredith to take him in at Llanfair. Falling for Tom, whose identity is uncovered to be Bruce McKenzie, the two become engaged, with Victor's approval. Karen miscarries in 1970, leading to a divorce from Larry, and she leaves town. He",
"title": "Meredith Lord"
},
{
"id": "9169903",
"text": "alcoholism. Michael then pretends to take her out for drinks, but instead takes her to a rehab clinic where he forcibly drags her inside and informs the staff that he's \"making a deposit\". When he finds out that she cannot be admitted against her will, he is determined to help her \"hit rock bottom\", as he somewhat proudly mentions he was able to do with Jan. In the episode \"The Promotion\" it's revealed that Creed and Meredith have had sex. Creed didn't remember this until he makes another pass at her. In the season seven episode \"PDA\" Dwight reads an",
"title": "Meredith Palmer"
},
{
"id": "4811515",
"text": "Cardiothoracic Surgery. In the season six finale, a deceased patient's grieving husband embarks on a shooting spree at the hospital, injuring Karev, Shepherd, and Hunt, and killing residents Charles Percy and Reed Adamson. In the shooting's emotional reverberations, Hunt and Yang abruptly marry, not wanting to risk separation. Torres and Robbins eventually wed, officiated by Bailey. In season eight, Webber steps down and allocates his job to Hunt. As the final year of residency for Meredith, Yang, Karev, Avery, and Kepner is coming to a close, the doctors are all planning to relocate to different hospitals to pursue their specialty",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy"
},
{
"id": "9037140",
"text": "Meredith finds herself in another love triangle when Megan rejects Riggs because he is still in love with Meredith, but Meredith pushes them to be together. After her relationship with Riggs ends, Meredith is nominated for a Harper Avery Award for her groundbreaking surgery on Megan. In the 300th episode, after failing to attend the awards ceremony to stay for a medical trauma, post-surgery, Meredith learns with all her closest friends in the OR and gallery that she has won the Harper Avery Award. In season 14 Meredith is doing surgery to remove a women’s spleen when the computers and",
"title": "Meredith Grey"
},
{
"id": "9037133",
"text": "Alex in charge of being Meredith's \"person\" in her place, an honor he gladly accepts. Meredith and Derek's marriage becomes strained when Derek goes against his promise and accepts an offer from the U.S. President to participate in the Brain Mapping Initiative, which consumes his time and eclipses Meredith, who is feeling increasingly left behind and mommy-tracked. He receives an offer to head the project itself in Washington D.C., meaning that he would have to be based there permanently. Meredith puts her foot down as she does not want to uproot their young family to move across the country for",
"title": "Meredith Grey"
},
{
"id": "9037138",
"text": "surgery. She sells the \"dream house\" and moves back to her mother's house, having purchased it back from Alex, and now lives there with Maggie and Amelia Shepherd, her sister-in-law. Meredith hosts a dinner party and at the party Callie brings Penny as a date. Later at the event Meredith finds out Penny will be joining her at Grey Sloan Memorial. Meredith eventually forgives Penny, who becomes her favorite resident over Alex's girlfriend, Jo. Alex and Meredith continue their close, sibling-like relationship of being each other's \"person\", despite Jo's displeasure and inability to understand their closeness. He supports her when",
"title": "Meredith Grey"
},
{
"id": "9648520",
"text": "Meredith (Trish Van Devere) is the younger sister of main protagonist Victoria Lord (then Gillian Spencer). An assertive free spirit, Meredith defies her father by dating upwardly-mobile Dr. Larry Wolek (then Paul Tulley), a suitor not to Victor's liking. Larry was of Polish descent and his siblings had scrimped to put him through medical school, so he did not come from an old moneyed family like the Lords. In the opening months of the serial, Victor pushed Meredith into an engagement with the more socially-acceptable Dr. Ted Hale (played by Terry Logan). Ted accidentally falls down a flight of stairs",
"title": "Meredith Lord"
},
{
"id": "19335507",
"text": "better. After Maggie says yes, Derek decides it is a good idea to ask Richard as well. Richard reluctantly agrees. The night of the dinner, Maggie and Richard show up, but no-one answers. Maggie leaves him after that. Maggie develops a relationship with radiologist, Ethan Boyd. She admits her awkwardness in relationships, having ended her previous engagement to Dean, who she was unable to sleep in the same bed with. Meredith ends up in a bind with no one to watch her kids, so Maggie offers to watch them. Richard and Maggie eventually come to good terms, and Maggie's helping",
"title": "Maggie Pierce"
},
{
"id": "18022138",
"text": "all. With her son as her maid of honor, the two tie the knot in the hospital’s chapel. Their reception is held at Derek and Meredith house, where Meredith says she’s glad this will be her last memory of the place before she moves back into her old house; Derek always wanted his home to be filled with loud, happy people. On August 13, 2013, Sandra Oh revealed that she would be leaving after Season 10 of \"Grey's Anatomy\", making the eleventh season the first season in which Dr. Cristina Yang did not appear. It was announced on March 25,",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 11)"
},
{
"id": "19535009",
"text": "her departure from the series stating that she was “taking some welcome time off” as her character moved to New York City with her daughter. \"Grey's Anatomy\" follows groups of physicians as they struggle to balance their professional and personal lives. \"Family Affair\" features the wedding of Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) and Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd). Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and Maggie Pierce (Kelly McCreary) support Amelia on her wedding day. Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington) reveals that she has been keeping secrets from Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) while Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) and Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) deal with the",
"title": "Family Affair (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "10053458",
"text": "Dink. And Derek Shepherd's sister, Dr. Amelia Shepherd, arrives in town. In the season finale, Addison and Sam finally get together while Charlotte and Cooper get engaged much to Sheldon's dismay. Pete and Violet work over their issues, while Dell and Maya get involved in a car accident and the severity of Dell's condition is overlooked while Maya was being attended to in the operating room. Dr. Amelia Shepherd, younger sister of Derek Shepherd (Addison's ex-husband), operated on him but was unable to resuscitate following Dell's heart failure. Maya survived her operation to save her spinal cord and prevent paralysis",
"title": "Private Practice (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "9015642",
"text": "particularly after her supervising resident Dr. Miranda Bailey discovers their relationship. Meredith's housemates and fellow interns George O'Malley and Izzie Stevens both antagonized her for some time as they felt she was using her relationship with Derek to further her career. He generally tolerated them despite his dislike of sharing his living space with the interns who worked under him. While most of his family members accepted Meredith, his sister, Nancy, particularly disliked her and repeatedly called her \"the slutty intern\"; as of season nine she still refuses to speak to Meredith or acknowledge her as her sister-in-law. His mother",
"title": "Derek Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "19167237",
"text": "Married By Mom and Dad Married by Mom and Dad is a reality show on TLC. It premiered on December 13, 2015. It produced two seasons with a total of 20 episodes. Its last show premiered on February 6, 2017. Episode 1: \"Meet the Parents\" premiered on December 13, 2015 Episode 2: \"Date My Parents\" premiered on December 20, 2015 Episode 3: \"Cut the Bull$#!%\" premiered on December 27, 2015 Episode 4: \"Cold Feet\" premiered on January 3, 2016 Episode 5: \"Red Flags\" premiered on January 10, 2016 Episode 6: \"I'm Done\" premiered on January 17, 2016 Episode 7: \"The",
"title": "Married By Mom and Dad"
},
{
"id": "7311006",
"text": "with whom he had a sexual relationship, is pregnant with his child. Patrick Dempsey portrayed attending neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd, whose relationship with intern Meredith Grey has been the focal point of the series since its inception. Although originally conceived as a guest star with a five-episode story arc, Kate Walsh decided to extend her contract following positive reviews from critics and fans, resulting in her getting promoted to series regular status. Being the first addition to the original cast from the first season, Walsh began receiving star billing in the seventh episode of the season, portraying obstetrician-gynaecologist and world-class neonatal",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "16258446",
"text": "G.G. (Gossip Girl) \"G.G.\" is the thirteenth episode of the fifth season of the American television teen drama, \"Gossip Girl\" and the show's 100th episode overall. The episode was written by executive producer Joshua Safran and directed by Mark Piznarski. It premiered on The CW Television Network (The CW) in the United States on January 30, 2012. In the episode, the wedding of Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) to Prince Louis Grimaldi (Hugo Becker) takes place. The episode opened to favorable reviews, with television critics praising the fact it honored the series' successful days. Michelle Trachtenberg's performance as Georgina Sparks was",
"title": "G.G. (Gossip Girl)"
},
{
"id": "15025762",
"text": "Standing at the altar and saying those vows like a man. (...) He's become a man who can step up. And I love him for it.\" To promote the episode, a special website for Meredith and Derek's wedding was created, supposedly created and updated by Izzie. The website provided details on the event and an invitation to RSVP. Rhimes wanted it to \"feel like a real wedding website\", even though it was for fictional characters. She had the idea during the shooting. \"What a Difference a Day Makes\" was originally broadcast on May 7, 2009 in the United States on",
"title": "What a Difference a Day Makes (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "19523332",
"text": "hires Eliza Minnick (Marika Domińczyk) to run the training aspect of the hospital. Though Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) goes on to date Minnick, the rest of the staff widely opposes Minnick's teaching techniques and works to get her fired, only for Meredith to get temporarily suspended in the process. Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.) and Catherine Avery (Debbie Allen) argue over Minnick's presence as well, making their marriage more divided than ever. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) and Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) also have marital issues after Amelia reveals that she doesn't want to have kids. This causes Amelia to move",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 13)"
},
{
"id": "14569061",
"text": "(Sandra Oh) was the most affected by the shooting, quitting her job. Cristina and Owen later marry with \"her person\", the show's protagonist Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), as her maid of honor. Meredith and Derek start an Alzheimer trial, with Meredith suspecting that Richard Webber's (James Pickens, Jr.) wife Adele (Loretta Devine) may have Alzheimer's. Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) leaves for Africa after getting a grant leaving Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) despondent. She sleeps with Mark Sloan (Eric Dane) and becomes pregnant by chance. Arizona returns, confessing her love for Callie. Meredith messes up the trial for the sake of",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 7)"
},
{
"id": "14987085",
"text": "Seattle. Following the end of \"Private Practice\", when ABC cancelled it after six seasons in January 2013, the character of Amelia was added to its progenitor show \"Grey's Anatomy\". In Season 10, she was seen in the season's last four episodes visiting her brother Derek and his wife Meredith Grey in their Seattle home and helping care for their children. Previously, she had only made one-off guest appearances on the show when storylines crossed over between the two series. On June 23, 2014, Scorsone and her character was permanently added to the regular cast for Season 11, which began airing",
"title": "Amelia Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "8397425",
"text": "husband Derek Shepherd's desire to divorce, while dealing with the arrival of her former lover. Isaiah Washington played the role of attending physician and cardiothoracic surgeon, Preston Burke, who becomes engaged to intern Cristina Yang after their developing a relationship. Patrick Dempsey portrayed attending neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd, whose relationship with intern Meredith Grey has been the focal point of the series since its inception. Sara Ramirez began receiving star billing in the season premiere, after numerous appearances during the last episodes of the second season. She portrayed orthopedic surgeon and fifth-year resident, Calliope \"Callie\" Torres, whose relationship with intern George",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "9037349",
"text": "with a truck, leaving Torres severely injured. In an attempt to save her life, obstetrician-gynecologist Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh), delivers Torres's premature baby. Torres survives, and agrees to marry Robbins. After twelve weeks of recovery, both Torres and baby Sofia are discharged and allowed to leave the hospital. Torres recovers from her surgery, but deals with the backlash from her mother (Gina Gallego)'s attitude toward the wedding and her granddaughter. Torres and Robbins marry in a garden after the minister's wife falls ill, with general surgeon Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson), officiating the ceremony. In the aftermath of a plane accident",
"title": "Callie Torres"
},
{
"id": "18276341",
"text": "a new love interest for Doug. Budd said that she was interested to see viewer reaction to her character becoming between Doug and Sophie. They decide to get married but begin to fight over the proceedings. Doug and Carla decide to spontaneously marry at their own engagement party. Erin Van Der Meer from the \"Daily Mail\" that Doug's ceremony provides all of the drama for the show's return to Channel Seven. They added that the \"decision dashed the dreams of Sophie\" - whom decides to declare her love for Doug. But Doug informs Sophie that while he will always care",
"title": "Doug Graham (Winners & Losers)"
},
{
"id": "9488971",
"text": "his (and its) last onscreen appearance opposite actor Philip Carey (Asa Buchanan) on the episode aired May 28, 2004. The younger brother of Anna (Doris Belack) and Vince Wolek (Antony Ponzini), Dr. Larry Wolek (Paul Tulley) is introduced as the boyfriend of rich socialite Meredith Lord (Trish Van Devere), a match which Meredith's father, media magnate Victor Lord (Ernest Graves), does not approve. In July 1968, Victor pushes Meredith into an engagement with the more socially acceptable Dr. Ted Hale (Terry Logan). Meredith's engagement to Ted ends when he stumbles down a Llanview Hospital staircase to his death while arguing",
"title": "Larry Wolek"
},
{
"id": "13833378",
"text": "(B. J. Novak), he cons her into giving him $50 as a supposed investment in betting on college basketball games. In its original American broadcast on October 1, 2009, \"The Promotion\" was seen by 7.28 million households, according to Nielsen ratings. It was a drop in viewership compared to the previous week's episode, \"The Meeting\". \"The Promotion\" received a 3.7 rating/10 share among viewers aged between 18 and 49. The episode received generally mixed reviews. Several commentators specifically praised the scene in which Meredith and Creed reveal they previously had sex. Nathan Rabin of \"The A.V. Club\" said the episode",
"title": "The Promotion (The Office)"
},
{
"id": "9169654",
"text": "rest of the season that he's gay, which almost everyone eventually notices. Angela remains oblivious however. In the season 7 finale, he proposes to her and they're officially engaged (marking her second engagement on the show). It was confirmed by Angela Kinsey at the NBC Press Tour that she and Robert will have gotten married over the summer. In the season 8 premiere, it is revealed that Angela and Robert are married and she is pregnant. Angela tends to be somewhat abrasive towards other office workers, often outright insulting them. In the season 3 premiere, she expresses an open homophobia",
"title": "Angela Martin"
},
{
"id": "19087221",
"text": "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (Grey's Anatomy) \"Guess Who's Coming to Dinner\" is the fifth episode of the twelfth season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and the 250th episode overall. It aired October 22, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by Mark Driscoll and directed by executive producer Debbie Allen. On its initial airing the episode was watched by 8.96 million viewers and opened up to positive reviews from television critics. The episode focuses on the dinner party Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), Dr. Maggie Pierce (Kelly McCreary), and Dr. Amelia Shepherd",
"title": "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "19335513",
"text": "she grieves, and the two grow closer. It isn’t until Jackson's ex-wife April Kepner points out their bond that Jackson and Maggie realize their feelings for one another. In the fourteenth season, Maggie and Jackson initially try to bury their feelings, but Jackson decides to pursue her. They eventually begin a romantic relationship and attend Alex and Jo Wilson's wedding together. On April 5, 2014, \"TVLine\" reported that Kelly McCreary best known for her series regular role on The CW's short lived medical drama \"Emily Owens, M.D.\" and recent guest appearances on \"Scandal\" had been cast in a guest star",
"title": "Maggie Pierce"
},
{
"id": "9169908",
"text": "she gives her acceptance \"speech\" proclaiming that she's \"not going to be a good mom tonight!\". She later throws her award on the ground in anger when Erin wins the 'Cutest Redhead' Dundie Award instead of her. In \"Spooked\" Meredith reveals to Robert California that Jim gives her the \"creeps\". In \"Lice\", Meredith shaves her head after other office members suspect that she and her family have lice. She wears wigs for the remainder of the series. In \"Finale\", the stripper for Angela's bachelorette party turns out to be Meredith's son, Jake. She dances with him and instructs him in",
"title": "Meredith Palmer"
},
{
"id": "15021571",
"text": "right now.\" About the proposal he gave a positive review as well saying, \"I thought Derek's proposal -- and Meredith's behavior in response to his earlier attempts -- was very grown-up and sweet, and reflected a relationship that's grown to be about more than the stupid will-they-or-won't-they drama. And the moment when Derek finally came out of his stupor and started telling off the oncologist was well-played by Patrick Dempsey, who's been doing some nice work.\" Justin Chambers also received praise from Sepinwall, \"Every time I watch Justin Chambers get a showcase episode like this, I think about how lucky",
"title": "Elevator Love Letter (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "9648522",
"text": "a crossover role as consultant on her case from ABC sister soap \"General Hospital\". Wanting to spare Larry the pain of watching her die, Meredith runs away to San Francisco and leaves him a \"Dear John\" letter claiming she no longer loves him. Depressed, Larry confides in his former accuser, Karen. In 1969, Karen saves Larry (now played by his previous portrayer Jim Storm's brother, Michael Storm) from a fire that left his face badly burned, and nurses him back to health, with them becoming very close. When he recovers from his injuries and reconstructive facial surgery, they consummate their",
"title": "Meredith Lord"
},
{
"id": "15535265",
"text": "of our show we're doing a finale that is not set in May. We jump ahead to September, basically to the beginning of next season.\" This episode was shot with extra security because of the two major revelations at the end: Lily being pregnant and Barney being the groom at the future wedding. Donna Bowman of \"The A.V. Club\" gave the episode a B. IGN gave the episode a rating of 7.0 out of 10.0. Challenge Accepted \"Challenge Accepted\" is the 24th and final episode of the sixth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\" and the",
"title": "Challenge Accepted"
},
{
"id": "14638499",
"text": "made public when the two are involved in a car accident, where April almost dies of hypothermia. In the season finale, April and Matthew get married. Drew was cast in late September 2009 and first appeared on the show in the fifth episode of the sixth season as one of the residents from the Mercy West Hospital after its merger with Seattle Grace. Drew was brought aboard \"Grey's Anatomy\" after former collaborations with the Series' producer and creator Shonda Rhimes; she was formally featured as a guest in two episodes of \"Private Practice\" in 2008 and was one of the",
"title": "April Kepner"
},
{
"id": "4811511",
"text": "from New York, and orthopedic surgeon Callie Torres. Montgomery is Shepherd's estranged wife who arrives in Seattle seeking reconciliation with him, Sloan is Shepherd's former best friend, who aided the breakdown of his marriage by having an affair with Montgomery, while Torres is introduced as a love-interest, and eventual wife for O'Malley. The penultimate episode of season three introduces Lexie Grey, Meredith's half-sister who unexpectedly decides to pursue her internship at Seattle Grace Hospital after her mother's sudden death, and begins an on-again, off-again relationship with Sloan. Burke and Yang, having been engaged, endeavor to plan their wedding, while Montgomery",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy"
},
{
"id": "4811534",
"text": "eleven is Dr. Nicole Herman (Geena Davis), who is Chief of Fetal Surgery at Grey Sloan Memorial. Dr. Herman selects Arizona Robbins in a fetal surgery fellowship and becomes her mentor. Herman plays in a twelve-episode arc before departing after episode fourteen. Season 11 begins with new surgical residents coming to the hospital. Maggie Pierce is head of cardio, and she and her half-sister Meredith start to build a relationship, as she also does with her father Dr. Webber. Callie and Arizona's relationship falls through after they realized they want different things. April and Jackson learn that their baby has",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy"
},
{
"id": "18761837",
"text": "fellows, and attendings as they experience the difficulties of the competitive careers they have chosen. It is set in the surgical wing of the fictional Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital, located in Seattle, Washington. The season takes place three months after the events of the last season finale in which Richard and Catherine got married. April and Jackson's relationship has hit the rocks after April has resumed her work overseas in Jordan, leaving Jackson high and dry once again. Once the new intern year begins, Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) starts teaching the new interns an anatomy class. Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson)",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 12)"
},
{
"id": "9037227",
"text": "IV) which has spread to her liver, skin, and brain, causing the hallucinations. Her survival chances are estimated at only 5%. She is admitted to Seattle Grace as a patient, and Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) successfully removes a tumor from her brain. Izzie spends her time in the hospital planning Meredith and Derek's wedding, but when her condition worsens and Derek discovers a second brain tumor, they give the ceremony to Izzie and Alex, who marry in front of all their friends. The procedure to remove the second tumor from Izzie's brain causes her to lose her short-term memory, and",
"title": "Izzie Stevens"
},
{
"id": "19289835",
"text": "of forgiveness. He encourages her to forgive Amelia, Penny, Derek, and most importantly herself. She agrees to meet Lou. He introduces his wife and two daughters and then offers a sincere apology for what happened. Meredith, still unable to speak, takes his hand as a way of conveying her forgiveness. After Meredith finally heals from her injuries and is discharged from the hospital, Alex helps her get settled back at home. She thanks him for his support, but points out that Dr. Jo Wilson (Camilla Luddington) loves him and needs him more than she does. In the final scenes, Meredith",
"title": "The Sound of Silence (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "13870698",
"text": "to take Adam's place as best man. As Adam has the rings, David volunteers his own wedding band to Pete, and Karen does the same for Jo. Pete and Jo exchange their wedding vows and are pronounced husband and wife. After the wedding, Karen tries to approach David but he just walks away, telling her \"no more\". Later, Pete, Jo and Karen join Adam and Rachel at the hospital, where they are introduced to the baby, Matthew Sydney Williams. David flies home alone in tears. The episode was devised following a lecture given by writer Mike Bullen and executive producer",
"title": "Series 4, Episode 8 (Cold Feet)"
},
{
"id": "7967821",
"text": "to local, national and international charities. Goldney Hall is a popular location for filming with \"The Chronicles of Narnia\", \"The House of Eliott\" and \"Truly, Madly, Deeply\" as well as the 2002 Christmas episode of \"Only Fools and Horses\", \"Casualty\" and \"Skins\" being filmed there. Its latest appearance is in the BBC series \"Sherlock\", as the venue for the wedding of John Watson and Mary Morstan in the second episode of the third season, \"The Sign of Three\". Goldney Hall Goldney Hall is a self-catered hall of residence in the Clifton area of Bristol, England. It is one of three",
"title": "Goldney Hall"
},
{
"id": "9015664",
"text": "the show, Mark Perigard of the \"Boston Herald\" felt he and Derek \"never clicked like you’d expect friends would. Any scene they had together ranged from uncomfortable to forced.\" Derek Shepherd Derek Christopher Shepherd, M.D., also referred to as \"McDreamy\", is a fictional surgeon from the ABC medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", portrayed by actor Patrick Dempsey. He made his first appearance in the pilot episode, \"A Hard Day's Night\", which was broadcast on March 27, 2005. Derek was married to Addison Montgomery (Kate Walsh) for 12 years, before their divorce in 2006. Before his death in 2015, Derek was happily",
"title": "Derek Shepherd"
},
{
"id": "9169894",
"text": "In the season 3 premiere, she is caught eating Angela Martin's alcohol-based hand sanitizer, and her excitement over merger-day champagne was quickly quashed by Michael who says the beverages are for \"guests only.\" In the producer's cut of \"Branch Closing\", she recalls a past agreement with a coworker to have sex together on the last day of work, but can't remember who she made the deal with. During a deleted scene from \"Back from Vacation,\" Meredith implies that her tendency to sleep around was worth it because she's \"seen the world.\" She joins Pam and Karen's party in \"A Benihana",
"title": "Meredith Palmer"
},
{
"id": "9098774",
"text": "moving violation and subsequently jailed for a variety of minor infractions by a local sheriff. Their time spent together led them to re-examine their relationship, and why they broke up. When a judge arrived to post their bail, they were finally married in a civil ceremony with the sheriff as witness. They announced their marriage to their colleagues soon after. At the end of season five, they were planning to spend a year in Paris while Brennan and Booth were away, as neither of them wanted \"to break in a new forensic anthropologist and FBI liaison.\" Upon their return from",
"title": "Angela Montenegro"
},
{
"id": "19593243",
"text": "Forsaking All Others – Part Two \"Forsaking All Others – Part Two\" is the forty-sixth episode of the twenty-ninth series of the British medical drama television series \"Casualty\". The episode was written by Matthew Barry and directed by Julie Edwards, and premiered on BBC One on 23 August 2015, just one day after the first part of the series finale. The episode features the wedding of established characters Zoe Hanna (Sunetra Sarker), a consultant in emergency medicine, and Max Walker (Jamie Davis), a porter at the fictitious emergency department of \"Holby City\". The episode garnered a total of 6.44 million",
"title": "Forsaking All Others – Part Two"
},
{
"id": "2771709",
"text": "as the third series) airing from 24 December 1999 to 1 January 2000, the two-episode \"A Very Dibley Christmas\" screening between 25 December 2004 and 1 January 2005, and the two-part finale, \"A Wholly Holy Happy Ending\", which was broadcast during Christmas 2006 and New Year 2007. The final 2006-2007 episode, in which Geraldine marries, was publicised as the \"last-ever\" episode, although there have been three Comic Relief charity specials since. On 15 March 2013, French reprised her role as Geraldine Granger as part of her French and Saunders marathon on BBC Radio 2. She was interviewed by Chris Evans",
"title": "The Vicar of Dibley"
},
{
"id": "10053459",
"text": "while at the same time she gives birth to a girl, who also survives the ordeal. In the fourth season Brian Benben and Caterina Scorsone were upgraded to series regulars. The season begins with the aftermath of Dell's death, including his funeral and what happens to his daughter Betsey. Violet and Pete get married in the season premiere and finally begin a new life with their son Lucas. Addison and Sam reveal their romance to the staff of Oceanside Wellness, which causes Naomi to leave town to learn to accept their new relationship. Cooper and Charlotte's relationship continues to get",
"title": "Private Practice (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "11970968",
"text": "the repercussions of his being shot, and Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) dealing with the aftermath of her affair with Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), which puts a strain in his already troubled marriage to Dr. Addison Montgomery-Shepherd (Kate Walsh). Although the episode was fictionally set in Seattle, Washington, filming occurred in Los Angeles, California. The recurring characters of Adele Webber (Loretta Devine), Finn Dandrige (Chris O'Donnell), Dr. Ellis Grey (Kate Burton) and Olivia Harper (Sarah Utterback) were portrayed with guest star billing. The title of the episode refers to the song, \"Time Has Come Today\", by the soul music",
"title": "Time Has Come Today (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "4811510",
"text": "hospital's Chief Resident, and later an attending general surgeon, in season six. The surgical program is initially headed by Richard Webber, the Chief of Surgery, who has a pre-existing personal relationship with Meredith, having had an affair with her mother when Meredith was a child. In Webber's employ are attending neurosurgeon Derek Shepherd, dubbed 'McDreamy' by the residents, and attending cardiothoracic surgeon Preston Burke. Shepherd is introduced as Meredith's love interest, while Burke begins a relationship with Yang. Introduced in the show's second season are obstetrician-gynecologist and neonatal surgeon, Addison Montgomery, plastic surgeon Mark Sloan (nicknamed 'McSteamy' by the interns),",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy"
},
{
"id": "9037162",
"text": "journey and did more than just growing up, she finally became \"all whole and healed\".\" Maura O'Malley of \"Bustle\" also lauded the development of the character ahead of season 12 saying, \"When the series began, Meredith was just a girl sitting in a bar celebrating the exciting next phase of her life. She had graduated medical school, she was starting her residency at a prestigious hospital, and she was simply looking for a no-strings attached, one night stand. What she got instead was a complicated romantic relationship that rivals Romeo and Juliet — but the key is, she wasn't searching",
"title": "Meredith Grey"
},
{
"id": "14569064",
"text": "the season Cristina and Owen marry, while Callie and Arizona's relationship takes a turn for the worse when Arizona goes to Africa after getting the Carder Madison Grant. With Callie distraught after the breakup, she sleeps with Mark. She learns she is pregnant just before Arizona returns, confessing her love for Callie. The season also focuses on Meredith and Derek starting an Alzheimer trial, with Meredith suspecting that Adele may have Alzheimer's. Richard originally resists accepting that, but then pushes to have Adele admitted to their trial. Season Seven features the series first extended musical episode. Callie and Arizona are",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 7)"
},
{
"id": "15021562",
"text": "Elevator Love Letter (Grey's Anatomy) \"Elevator Love Letter\" is the nineteenth episode of the fifth season of the American television medical drama, \"Grey's Anatomy\" and the show's 97th episode overall. Written by Stacy McKee and directed by Edward Ornelas, the episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on March 26, 2009. It was viewed by 15.81 million people and garnered a 5.5/13 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic.\"Grey's Anatomy\" centers around a group of young doctors in training. In this episode, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) proposes to the show's title character Meredith Grey",
"title": "Elevator Love Letter (Grey's Anatomy)"
},
{
"id": "9169907",
"text": "smoke 2 cigarettes per day. In \"Michael's Last Dundies\", the first glimpse of Meredith's dilapidated house is shown when Michael and Deangelo arrive to give her a Dundie Award nomination. The door is left ajar and when Michael and Deangelo peek in to see if anybody is home, Meredith walks up the driveway behind them looking dishevelled after a night of partying. They decline her offer for breakfast and run away. Later in the episode, Meredith wins the \"Best Mom\" Dundie to the shock of the entire office, and then kisses Michael when accepting the award. After accepting the award,",
"title": "Meredith Palmer"
},
{
"id": "18022139",
"text": "2014 that Gaius Charles and Tessa Ferrer did not receive a contract renewal for the eleventh season, and left at the end of the tenth season. Jerrika Hinton and Camilla Luddington however, returned as residents for the eleventh season. On January 23, 2014 it was reported that Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Drs. Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd, respectively, meaning their characters would be staying on the medical drama for seasons 11 and 12. On May 2, 2014, the rest of the six original cast mates, Justin Chambers, Chandra Wilson and",
"title": "Grey's Anatomy (season 11)"
},
{
"id": "16598002",
"text": "Ethan start dating. Ethan asks Maya for help in getting his father Luke Spencer back together with Tracy Quartermaine. Luke fakes a heart attack, and Maya forges his test results. Tracy discovers what's going on, but Luke convinces her to go to Las Vegas with him, along with Maya and Ethan as chaperones. In November 2010, the four wake up with hangovers in a Las Vegas hotel room. Luke reveals a marriage certificate thinking it is his and Tracy's. After reading the document aloud, it turns out Maya and Ethan are the ones who married. They chose to wait on",
"title": "General Hospital characters (2010s)"
},
{
"id": "18769606",
"text": "first day speech to the new round of interns. It’s also Richard and Catherine’s wedding day, and while it starts out great, it quickly turns sour when Catherine and Richard begin to fight. After Meredith decides that she can’t save a patient, Amelia asks her when she knows that nothing else can be done to save them. She continues to berate Meredith about how she let Derek die without calling her to save him. Meredith finds herself unable to remain in her home, which Derek had planned and built from scratch, any longer and asks Alex if she and the",
"title": "Time Stops"
}
] | when do dr shepherd and meredith get married |
|
| [
{
"id": "6142674",
"text": "Lucas Scott Lucas Eugene Scott is a fictional character and the main protagonist from The WB/CW television series \"One Tree Hill\", portrayed by Chad Michael Murray. Lucas is a talented basketball player and writer. He is rival to half-brother Nathan Scott, before the two eventually become close friends. While striving for his dreams, he must balance his tumultuous relationships with his father, Dan Scott, and the two women enveloping his love life, Peyton Sawyer and Brooke Davis. The character has been described as popular among teenagers and young adults, not only for his skill at basketball but for his romantic",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "3781810",
"text": "season, although accounts of what transpired vary. Their characters (Lucas and Peyton) had been two of the five main protagonists, and had provided one of its central love stories, throughout the show. On May 17, 2011, The CW renewed \"One Tree Hill\" for a ninth and final season, placing an order for 13 episodes. Bethany Joy Lenz (Haley) and Sophia Bush (Brooke) were signed as full-time regulars for one final season, and Lafferty appeared as a part-time regular. Murray returned for a special appearance during the final season, which premiered on January 11, 2012. The show is the fourth longest",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781812",
"text": "becomes the basis of their rivalry. Lucas's romantic interest in Nathan's girlfriend Peyton Sawyer also strengthens their feud. Peyton's best friend Brooke Davis tries to date Lucas, and Nathan attempts to date Lucas's best friend Haley James. The story of Lucas and Nathan's father Dan Scott is occasionally explored through flashbacks, which show his relationships with Karen Roe, Lucas's mother, and Deb Scott, Nathan's mother, and how he ended up with one woman rather than the other. He had a high school romance with Karen, resulting in Lucas's birth, but he refused to claim Lucas as his son. Leaving Karen,",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781814",
"text": "the second half of the characters' junior year and sets aside basketball and explores new romances. Lucas dates Anna Taggaro, Jake Jagielski dates Peyton, and there is a love triangle between Felix Taggaro, Brooke and Mouth McFadden. This season also shows the disintegration of Nathan and Haley's relationship because of Chris Keller, and the repercussions – especially for Lucas – of Dan's hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, an inherited disease. Peyton deals with drug problems and the return of her biological mother and Karen starts the Tric club and begins a relationship with her school teacher Andy Hargrove. A troubled Deb struggles with",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781811",
"text": "running series on The CW network, or the networks that came together to make it up (The WB and UPN), only behind \"Smallville\", \"7th Heaven\", and \"Supernatural\". The series concluded on April 4, 2012. The main storyline in the early seasons is the relationship between two half-brothers, Lucas and Nathan Scott, who start out as enemies but bond as the show progresses. In the pilot episode, Lucas becomes a member of the Tree Hill Ravens (the high school basketball team) with the help of his uncle Keith. Nathan, the head of the team, dislikes Lucas from the start, and this",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "12160416",
"text": "One Tree Hill (season 6) The sixth season of \"One Tree Hill\", an American television series, began on September 1, 2008 and concluded on May 18, 2009 with a total of 24 episodes. This is the third season to air on The CW television network. The season's seventh episode, \"Messin' with the Kid\" achieved a series high in Adults 18–34 with a 2.7 rating. Season six is the final season for original cast members Chad Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton. Their characters, Lucas and Peyton, leave Tree Hill with their newborn baby in the finale. Lucas proposes to Peyton. They",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "6142682",
"text": "of Keith Scott; he has a younger half brother, Nathan Scott, on his father's side and a younger half-sister, Lily Roe Scott, on his mother's side (she is also his cousin through Keith). He was raised by his mother after his father abandoned them to marry Deb Lee, Nathan's mother. His uncle Keith, who always had feelings for Karen, took over the father figure role. Lucas grew up in Tree Hill, a small North Carolina town along with his best friend and later sister-in-law, Haley James Scott. He shares romantic bonds with Peyton Sawyer and Brooke Davis, is interested in",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "3781817",
"text": "Cooper are fighting for their lives after a car accident. The fourth season features the second half of the characters' senior year, and the love triangle of Peyton, Lucas and Brooke. Haley's pregnancy is threatened by Nathan's risky forays into gambling and loan sharks. Peyton is stalked by an impostor posing as her half-brother Derek, and is saved by Lucas and the real Derek. Lucas looks for the truth behind his uncle's death as he documents his life since joining the Ravens basketball team. Lucas and Peyton enter into an official relationship after the Ravens win the state championship, meanwhile",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781819",
"text": "Hill for various reasons. Lucas, a published author, is in a committed relationship with his editor, Lindsey Strauss. This relationship turns into a love triangle when Peyton returns after a failed music career in Los Angeles. The marriage of Nathan and Haley goes into crisis as Nathan faces major depression after being seriously injured the night he was drafted into the NBA. Brooke looks for life beyond success in her work and struggles to get acceptance from her mother Victoria. Peyton, with help from Brooke, launches a music label. Lucas and Skills return to the Tree Hill Ravens as coaches",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "6142698",
"text": "person. In the end, Lucas realizes that he has to go back to his life because he never told Peyton that he loves her. Lucas wakes up and begins a relationship with Peyton. After the failed attempt of prom in Tree Hill High, the group go on a rescue mission to save Mouth who has become stranded in Honeygrove. They all then crash the local Prom, where he and Peyton have sex with each other for the first time. He begins to investigate Keith's death, as the Keith in his dream suggested that Jimmy did not kill him, but he",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "6142687",
"text": "is damaged as a result of being raised by Dan. Wanting a fresh start, Lucas decides to leave town with Keith. Lucas and Nathan have a final conversation where Nathan calls Lucas his brother and Lucas says, \"I'll miss you, little brother.\" Before leaving with Keith, he goes to say goodbye to Haley and discovers that she and Nathan have married. In Season 2, Lucas and Keith return to Tree Hill after Dan has a heart attack. Lucas tries to make up for his behavior with Peyton and Brooke and becomes friends with both of them. He also starts seeing",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "6142711",
"text": "to be shot in Tree Hill, North Carolina. He also learns Peyton is expecting their first child. Though they initially have problems with Peyton's pregnancy, the fact that she may die if the baby is born, the two are eventually married by the lake where they first met, and have their reception at Tric. They soon have a healthy daughter, Sawyer Brooke Scott, which Peyton names after her best friend Brooke (similar to the naming of James Lucas Scott), and the two ride off into the sunset. For Season 7, Mark Schwahn, the series' creator, said Lucas and Peyton are",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "6142715",
"text": "Lucas with Peyton, while others wanted him with Brooke or Lindsey. MTV described Lucas and Peyton as the generation's Joey and Pacey, \"the overly dramatic couple you could not help but root for,\" and the two emerged as one of the show's supercouples. Their departure received significant media attention and was picked as one of the \"12 most essential episodes of \"One Tree Hill\"\" in 2009 by fans at starnewsonline.com. Regarding Murray's portrayal, Paul Cooke of DVDActive.com said, \"Murray does a fine job as a brooding Lucas.\" Kelsey Zukowsk of 2snaps.tv said, \"Chad Michael Murray as Lucas plays one of",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "12160419",
"text": "Dan with a car, and taking him hostage, she lures Haley and Jamie to her, and attacks them, only to be killed by Dan, after weeks of torture. Mouth and Millicent have dramas and depart, while newcomer Julian Baker, rocks Brooke's world and begins to turn Lucas' book into a movie. With Peyton's alarming pregnancy, Lucas' finally allows for a wedding, only for Peyton to collapse at home, and go into a coma. The season finale ends with Brooke and Julian declaring their love for one another, Nathan making it into the NBA, and Lucas and Peyton leave Tree Hill.",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "3781820",
"text": "and ask for Nathan's help with star player Quentin. Mouth begins a relationship with his boss Alice, to get ahead in his job. He later settles down with Brooke's assistant, Millicent Huxtable. The sixth season features the progression of Peyton's romance with Lucas as they reunite and deal with her dangerous pregnancy. Peyton meets her birth father, Lucas's book is optioned for a feature film by Peyton's ex-boyfriend, producer Julian Baker, and Nathan and Haley struggle to reach their dreams after being terrorized by Nanny Carrie who tried to kidnap their son Jamie and also held Dan hostage. Brooke is",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781833",
"text": "\"In the second TV season, we didn't play any basketball, which was the rest of their junior year, and I felt that the show suffered a little bit.\" Schwahn made Lucas and Peyton's love affair a central theme of the show, saying he \"designed a world where Peyton and Lucas were meant to be together\" and that \"the seeds were planted for [Lucas] to pick Peyton in the pilot – in [that] first episode ... When Lucas is at the Rivercourt at the end of that pilot, you know. I think we feel like this is the girl [who] is",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781834",
"text": "his soulmate. And, you know, the pilot ends with him saying, 'I'll be seeing you. Lucas and Peyton have been referred to as star-crossed. Schwahn described the theme of their relationship as \"two kids that carry around the weight of the world quite a bit. Can they agree together to let go of that weight? The theme for Lucas and Peyton is, 'How do you learn to be happy when you've spent so much time carrying grief around? Do you feel guilty for being happy? Is it OK to let it go? The couple was also given theme music to",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781835",
"text": "enhance the scenes where Lucas rescues Peyton (from despair, dangerous situations, or herself). The theme, titled \"Saving Peyton\", was composed by John Nordstrom and first heard in the school shooting episode \"With Tired Eyes, Tired Minds, Tired Souls, We Slept\", in which Lucas strives to save a dying Peyton. Making Lucas and Peyton the central love story created a rivalry between their fans and those who would prefer him to be with or end up with Brooke. \"[These] are two very passionate camps. And don't think I don't know it,\" stated Schwahn. \"I think sometimes one camp thinks they're being",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "6142714",
"text": "holds resentment towards Dan and refuses to show up at the hospital after Dan is shot by one of Nathan's kidnappers during the rescue attempt. Lucas has been popular among teenagers and young adults, especially among female fans of the series. His love life has been heavily debated among viewers. Don Williams of BuddyTV stated, \"If you're a huge fan of \"One Tree Hill\", chances are you've had a debate at some point about who Lucas Scott should ultimately settle down with.\" He added that the shipping fandom can be \"an extremely rabid bunch\" and there were fans who wanted",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "3781836",
"text": "ignored.\" Schwahn said that although he designed Lucas and Peyton to be together from the start, this did not preclude Brooke and Lucas ending up together, and that he was aware of the \"great chemistry\" between their portrayers, real-life ex-spouses Murray and Bush. He was not stubbornly holding on to the idea of [Lucas and Peyton]. Schwahn said the Peyton-Lucas-Brooke love triangle is also by design and became a staple of the show. \"There is a huge fanbase dedicated to Brooke and Lucas, and sometimes [those people] feel a bit betrayed, just as the fanbase dedicated to Peyton and Lucas",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781815",
"text": "a drug addiction. The third season focuses on the characters' first half of their senior year, and also has the return of basketball. It features the arrival of Rachel Gatina, who brings conflict to the romance between Brooke and Lucas when she sets out to date Lucas. Peyton deals with the return of her mom, and tries to get to know her when she finds out she is dying from cancer. Jake and Peyton's relationship draws to a close and Peyton's romantic feelings for Lucas resurface later in the season. Chris Keller returns and helps Nathan and Haley reunite, also",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781806",
"text": "One Tree Hill (TV series) One Tree Hill is an American television drama series created by Mark Schwahn, which premiered on September 23, 2003, on The WB. After the series' third season, The WB merged with UPN to form The CW, and from September 27, 2006, the series was broadcast by The CW in the United States until the end of its run in 2012. The show is set in the fictional town of Tree Hill in North Carolina and initially follows the lives of two half-brothers, Lucas Scott (Chad Michael Murray) and Nathan Scott (James Lafferty), who compete for",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "11004271",
"text": "The Ravens' team wins, thanks to Nathan Scott's (James Lafferty) final shot. Elsewhere, Nathan's half-brother Lucas Scott is playing basketball with three friends. Nathan and Lucas share the same father, Dan Scott (Paul Johansson), but they live apart: it is suggested that Dan abandoned Lucas and his mother, Karen Roe (Moira Kelly) when Lucas was born, preferring to marry Deb Scott (Barbara Alyn Woods), with whom he had Nathan. Nathan and his team are busted for stealing a school bus. Even though Nathan was driving, his father, Dan, manages to bail him out of trouble, as usual, while other players",
"title": "Pilot (One Tree Hill)"
},
{
"id": "3781858",
"text": "Although the episode featuring their departure is initially grim, the episode's tone is drastically different by the end. Fans expected a tragic ending because of Lucas and Peyton's star-crossed history and the show's penchant for shocking finales. MTV composed tragic scenarios for how to write the couple out of the series, but concluded by saying, \"Maybe after all they've been through in six seasons, these two deserved their happy ending.\" The exit was picked as one of the \"12 most essential episodes of \"One Tree Hill\"\" in 2009 by fans at starnewsonline.com. Schwahn said that he knew that many people",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "15631618",
"text": "know how important Luke's return is for our fans and wanted to give them one last ‘Lucas Scott’ moment. Luke's return is for them.\" Former Desperate Housewives actor Richard Burgi, has been cast as Brooke's father, in a recurring role. Allison Munn and Scott Holroyd will return during season nine as Miss Lauren and David Fletcher, respectively. They will return as a couple, and she will be carrying his child. \"Devin McGee\"—who portrayed Brooke's attacker and Quentin's murderer, Xavier Daniels during season six—will also return during the season. James Lafferty has signed on for one extra episode, which will be",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 9)"
},
{
"id": "5439328",
"text": "assistant, as her boss likes to remind her. Unable to make it in the music business and fearing to lose her integrity, she decides to quit and goes back to Tree Hill with her old best friend, Brooke Davis, and soon moves in with her. Her reunion with Lucas turns out to not be what she wished for, as he has a new girlfriend, Lindsey. She still loves Lucas, but temporarily puts those feelings aside to force Nathan to come to terms with what he has become. Finally feeling at home, and with the moral help from Lucas and the",
"title": "Peyton Sawyer"
},
{
"id": "3781813",
"text": "he married Deb, and the couple bore Nathan. Seventeen years later, Deb begins a strong friendship and partnership with Karen against Dan's will. In later seasons of the show, Dan and Deb divorce. Karen dates her college professor Andy Hargrove after losing Keith. The first season deals with the first half of the main teenage characters' junior year. The focus is on the rivalry between Lucas and Nathan during the state basketball championship. Other major storylines are Nathan and Haley's developing relationship, the Peyton-Lucas-Brooke love triangle and the love quadrangle involving Lucas and Nathan's parents. The second season focuses on",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781838",
"text": "season 1 and the two had since become estranged. Sources cited fans as pondering four questions: When was Brooke slipping away? Did Lucas simply mean he did not want to lose her? Was it a plot device to make it seem like Peyton? Or was it Peyton? Speculation that Murray and Bush's marriage affected Lucas's sudden change of heart was also discussed. Schwahn stated: The show's other prominent pairing, Nathan and Haley, were considered a supercouple. James Lafferty, Nathan's portrayer, said, \"Well Schwahn always says that he had that sort of as an 'ace in the hole' the entire time.",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781818",
"text": "Dan rekindles his romance with Karen. Brooke explores a romantic relationship with Chase Adams and a friendship with Rachel. Chris Keller makes an appearance, and the group enjoy a \"real prom\" in a small town called Honneygrove after their original one is ruined by further interactions with the impostor who is known to everyone as \"Psycho Derek\". The season ends with the group's graduation from high school, Lucas discovering that Dan killed Keith, and Haley and Karen having their babies. The fifth season jumps four years into the future. The characters struggle with adulthood after college and return to Tree",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781859",
"text": "would tune in to see how the show would explain Lucas and Peyton's absence, and that the explanation was that they were traveling. He was aware that people might not accept the new version of the show, but said that it needed to move on. To fill the void of Murray and Burton's departures, Robert Buckley and Shantel VanSanten were cast as Nathan's agent Clay and Haley's sister Quinn respectively. Austin Nichols, who plays Julian Baker, was also upgraded to series regular status. Plans for Murray and Burton to return to the series in Season 8 were confirmed. Schwahn said",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "6142713",
"text": "He said, \"Having a brother is a lot like having a best friend, he helped make me the man I am today.\" On August 30, 2011, it was confirmed that Chad Michael Murray would be returning to the series' final season as Lucas. He returns to Tree Hill as Haley reaches out to him for help regarding Nathan's disappearance. Lucas returned to Tree Hill during season nine, per the request of Haley. She asks him to take the kids out of town to live with him and Peyton until she can find Nathan and bring him home. However, he still",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "6142691",
"text": "had planned to bring Dan down and visited Haley behind his back in an attempt to patch up her and Nathan's marriage. Lucas does, however, kiss Brooke in the season finale and confesses that he wants to be with her, but she still leaves for California to spend the summer with her parents. Ultimately, it is just Lucas and a broken-hearted Peyton (after boyfriend Jake left her) for the summer and the last shot is of the two of them sharing a meaningful hug on the beach. In Season 3, after the summer, Lucas remains at odds with Dan, who",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "3781822",
"text": "ahead. Rachel returns and two new regular characters are introduced: Haley's sister Quinn and Nathan's agent Clay. Lucas and Peyton have moved away, Quinn and Clay's relationship develops after the death of Clay's wife Sarah. Nathan's NBA career is jeopardized by a growing scandal that also affects Haley. Dan becomes a motivational speaker with the support of his new wife, Rachel Gatina. Brooke releases her new clothing line in the midst of conflicts with Julian and Alex, a model she hired for her company. Millicent struggles with a drug addiction which causes Mouth to break it off with her. The",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "14374886",
"text": "promo clip will highlight the past and present stigmas surrounding the subject.\" Additionally Chad Michael Murray, best known for playing Lucas Scott in \"One Tree Hill\", plays Keys' love interest. One of the scenes depicts a blood-stained Murray fighting a group of men. The video made its world premiere on May 12, 2010 on Vevo and on BET's \"106 & Park\". The video features Keys in different decades, from the 1950s to the present. The video was awarded Outstanding Music Video at the 42nd NAACP Awards. Un-Thinkable (I'm Ready) \"Un-Thinkable (I'm Ready)\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Alicia Keys",
"title": "Un-Thinkable (I'm Ready)"
},
{
"id": "6816511",
"text": "Nathan Scott Nathan Royal Scott is a fictional character from the CW television series \"One Tree Hill\", portrayed by James Lafferty. Following Lucas Scott's departure, Nathan has become the main character and central figure of the show. Nathan is Lucas's younger half-brother. He fell in love with Lucas's best friend, Haley James; despite various problems in their relationship, the couple was eventually married and had a son, Jamie, in season four and a daughter, Lydia, in season eight. Considered to be an anti-hero at the beginning of the first season, Nathan became a much friendlier and more caring person as",
"title": "Nathan Scott"
},
{
"id": "13250732",
"text": "at #118 in the 2009–10 season. The seventh season takes place fourteen months after the season six finale, marking the series' second time jump in three years. A year has passed since Lucas and Peyton left Tree Hill to go traveling. A scandal threatens Nathan's career in the NBA; Haley goes back on the road, but suffers a family tragedy that causes her to battle a period of depression. Rachel and Dan return to Tree Hill and Brooke hires a new model (Alex) for \"Clothes Over Bros\" that in turn threatens her relationship with Julian. Mouth and Millicent's relationship is",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 7)"
},
{
"id": "10386586",
"text": "One Tree Hill (season 3) The third season of \"One Tree Hill\", an American teen drama television series, began airing on October 5, 2005. The season concluded on May 3, 2006, after 22 episodes. It is the final season that aired on The WB television network. Season three dipped in ratings, averaging 2.8 million viewers weekly. This season focuses on the first half of senior year at Tree Hill High School. Starting three months after the second season finale, Haley returns to Tree Hill and tries to save her marriage with Nathan. Peyton gets to know her birth mother. Lucas",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "7237031",
"text": "an interview that he had been offered \"great things\" to return to the show. In 2010, Murray played Alicia Keys's love interest in her music video for \"Un-Thinkable (I'm Ready)\". Then he played Ethan McAllister in Lifetime's TV movie \"Lies in Plain Sight\". Murray also co-starred in \"Christmas Cupid\" with Ashley Benson and Christina Milian. The film is an ABC Family Original Movie and is \"about a comatose girl who visits her Christmas past, present, and future\". In 2011, The CW announced he would return for a guest appearance as Lucas Scott in the final season of \"One Tree Hill\".",
"title": "Chad Michael Murray"
},
{
"id": "7237027",
"text": "a total of $110,222,438 in the United States alone. Critics were mostly positive in their reviews of the film, and the film garnered a \"B\" grade on Yahoo! Movies and an 88% \"Certified Fresh\" approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Murray also appeared in the television film \"The Lone Ranger\" where he portrayed the role of Luke Hartman. Later in the year of 2003, Murray won the main role of Lucas Scott in the successful WB television series \"One Tree Hill\". The series quickly became the channel's biggest hit with over 4.50 million viewers on the first season's finale. The series",
"title": "Chad Michael Murray"
},
{
"id": "12160418",
"text": "a sixth season. It was later reported the season would consist of twenty-four episodes. Brooke begins her battle with her mom, Victoria, who battles to claim Clothes Over Bro's. Lucas and the Ravens basketball team must come to terms with the death of the star player. Nathan begins his comeback, Haley also hits the recording studio, while Peyton and Lucas settle down and begin a family. Brooke, left broken and shaken after her attack, takes in foster child Sam, who was responsible for the attack, and the attacker also turned out to be Q's killer. Nanny Carrie returns, after hitting",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "15631617",
"text": "return, they said she hasn't always been the most maternal person, but will prove she can still be \"mom\" when the situation demands it. The CW announced on their official website that Chad Michael Murray will return as Lucas Scott for a guest appearance. Lucas returns to Tree Hill when Haley reaches out to him for help. Murray later revealed he will return for one episode. He will appear in the seventh episode of the season. Murray revealed in an interview his reasons for returning, \"The fans have loved this show and rooted for every character throughout its run. I",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 9)"
},
{
"id": "6142675",
"text": "aspirations. Specifically regarding the character's impact on female viewers, \"Entertainment Weekly\" stated that his soulful eyes contributed to the show's success. Chad Michael Murray was the first person to be cast for \"One Tree Hill.\" The producers were originally unsure as to who Murray would play. Series creator Mark Schwahn wanted him to play the character of Nathan Scott since Murray had played a bad guy several times before, and he felt it was only natural to give him this role. Murray, however, wanted to portray Lucas due to a connection he felt with the character. He felt that he",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "10386785",
"text": "first season, under the title of \"One Tree Hill: The Complete First Season\", on January 25, 2005, as a six-disc boxed set. The first season follows junior Lucas Scott as he joins his high school basketball team and forges a relationship with his half-brother Nathan Scott, while also coming to terms with who he is and who his father is. The season also explores the love lives of the boys as they develop relationships with characters like Peyton Sawyer, Haley James and Brooke Davis, while the parents of these teens must also face the past in order to move on",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "10386587",
"text": "and Brooke begin a relationship. Keith and Karen get engaged. Nathan patches things up with Lucas, while Mouth begins a complicated relationship with newcomer Rachel, who also spreads a lot of drama through the core characters. After a shooting at the school things between Lucas and Peyton heat up despite Peyton's proposal to Jake. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The DVD release of season three was released after the season has completed broadcast on television. It has been released in Regions 1, 2 and 4. As well as every episode from the season, the DVD release features bonus material such as audio commentaries on",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "3781826",
"text": "Chase starts a friendship with Chris Keller. Chase Adams takes care of Chuck. Lucas returns to Tree Hill as Haley reaches out to him for help. The series ends as Tric celebrates its tenth anniversary while the Tree Hill family face new and exciting possibilities for their futures. Schwahn originally planned to make \"One Tree Hill\" a feature length film with the title \"Ravens\", the name of the show's high school basketball team. However, he became convinced that it would be more interesting as a television series. He said the idea for the story came from his own personal experiences.",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781871",
"text": "lives, which was something he identified as lacking in other teen shows. He felt that the season 1 finale was strong partly because its creators did not know if the WB would renew the show. \"The last few episodes bring some form of closure to the major story arcs, while leaving the door wide open for further development should the show continue. It is an artfully employed strategy that paid off\", he said. Although season 2 is the show's highest-rated season, it was also criticized. The complaints include the loss of basketball, confusion over which girl Lucas should end up",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781870",
"text": "and a little less fresh than other similar soundtracks. It's not without its standouts, but overall the selection is plucked from the lighter fare on alt rock radio.\" Arbuckle stated that the show adds division between the teenagers and adults by having the teenagers focus on love and the adults focus on revenge. One of the audience's main concerns had been which girl Lucas would end up with. Writing for DVD Verdict, Neal Solon commended the series' first season for being about more than betrayal and questionable morals, and instead highlighting the impact of the parents' mistakes on the teenagers'",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "5439330",
"text": "her about not being the same Peyton he used to know; she retorts that he gave up on the two of them. She later reveals to Lucas that she came back to Tree Hill for him and that she still loves him. She kisses him, and he kisses back but when she goes by his house, she finds out he has just proposed marriage to Lindsey. After the initial shock, she tells him that if it is what he wants, she will bury her romantic feelings for him. However, she later winds up lashing out at Lindsey. She regrets her",
"title": "Peyton Sawyer"
},
{
"id": "8442071",
"text": "and Chloe end up making love. Lucas is soon discovered and sent back to Statesville prison, but EJ drops the charges and Lucas is once again released. He moves into the Horton cabin and invites his new girlfriend, Chloe Lane to move in with him. After Sami witnesses a murder, she goes into witness protection, and Allie moves in with Lucas and Chloe, who later get engaged. However, Chloe calls off the engagement, leaving Lucas deeply upset and returning to alcohol. Eventually Chloe reconsiders and she and Lucas elope. Later, when Kate poisons Chloe and frames Daniel, Lucas learns that",
"title": "Lucas Horton"
},
{
"id": "12160417",
"text": "decide to get married. Peyton gives Lucas the startling news that she is having his baby. Nathan tries to make a comeback in basketball, Haley has to make a decision involving her career, Brooke takes in a young girl named Sam and deals with being attacked in her own store, and Dan spends time with Jamie as he waits on a heart transplant. Meanwhile, a movie producer named Julian Baker comes to Tree Hill and wants to make \"An Unkindness of Ravens\" into a movie. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The CW announced on March 3, 2008 that \"One Tree Hill\" was renewed for",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "14594225",
"text": "so from season 7. He was also hopeful for a Lucas and Peyton return for Brooke's wedding and the birth of Haley's baby. He has also mentioned the new love triangle he was developing, \"Alex (Jana Kramer) has moved on to a new guy and a new triangle. She took a liking to Chase (Stephen Colletti) after he and Mia (Kate Voegele) broke up, but in the final episode, Mia made it clear via text that she regretted the decision to end it with him. This season, viewers will see who Chase really wants to be with. The Chase-Alex-Mia situation",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 8)"
},
{
"id": "5439287",
"text": "Peyton Sawyer Peyton Elizabeth Sawyer is a fictional character from The WB/CW television series \"One Tree Hill\", portrayed by Hilarie Burton. A talented visual and musical artist, Peyton has a heavily guarded heart due to the number of lost loved ones in her life. She goes through life changes throughout the series as she finds love from Lucas Scott, to Jake Jagielski, then back to Lucas again. She shares a special bond with Brooke Davis, her best friend for many years. She also becomes close friends with Haley James. Her friends have been there for her during difficult times. \"Wilmington",
"title": "Peyton Sawyer"
},
{
"id": "6142710",
"text": "resolve problems and fears of moving in together, Lucas is offered a movie deal by Julian Baker. Julian asks Lucas questions about Peyton before she gets there, and after she runs into Julian near the bathroom, it is revealed that he is her ex-boyfriend. For three weeks, Peyton fails to tell Lucas about Julian, and Lucas is angry when he discovers their past on his own. Although he is initially angry, they patch things up, and Peyton convinces Lucas to continue taking a part in the making of the film, despite his reluctance to work with Julian. The film is",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "7237023",
"text": "Chad Michael Murray Chad Michael Murray (born August 24, 1981) is an American actor, spokesperson, writer and former fashion model. He is known for portraying Lucas Scott in The WB/CW drama series \"One Tree Hill\" from 2003 to 2012, and for his portrayal of war veteran and SSR agent Jack Thompson in the Marvel/ABC series \"Agent Carter\". He has had starring roles in the films \"Freaky Friday\" (2003), \"A Cinderella Story\" (2004), and \"House of Wax\" (2005). Popular among teenagers and young adults in the early 2000s, he has been featured on the covers of numerous magazines, including \"People\", \"Vanity",
"title": "Chad Michael Murray"
},
{
"id": "12391269",
"text": "encourages her to go. Dan also leaves town after his marriage to Libby ends. Lucas is involved in a motorbike crash and he suffers spinal injuries, which need rehabilitation. Lucas' co-worker, Stephanie Scully, invites him to stay with her and Lucas declares his love for her. Steph suddenly leaves town and on her return, she tells Lucas she has got back together with Toadfish Rebecchi. Lucas damages Toadie's car and he unsuccessfully sets out to try and win Steph back. Lucas befriends Michael Williams and he gets a job at Erinsborough High. After it emerges Steph is pregnant with Dan's",
"title": "Lucas Fitzgerald"
},
{
"id": "3781857",
"text": "she was leaving, adding, \"For me, it was definitely an emotional decision. And a professional decision as well. I got really, really lucky. \"One Tree Hill\" was my very first television audition; it was a fairytale. I feel really lucky to have that level of success right out of the gate.\" Referring to a video she had sent to her fans, she said: Criticism of how their characters, Lucas and Peyton, were written out of the series focused mainly on a lack of explanation about where they went, and the exit not having been morbid enough for a star-crossed couple.",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "8442061",
"text": "the Salem Stalker starts a murder spree. When the Stalker's identity is revealed to be Sami's mother, Marlena Evans, Lucas comforts Sami. She and Lucas grow closer as he helps her through this difficult time, and they finally made love again. Lucas even proposes to Sami, but with a caveat: she has to promise to redeem herself and never lie to him again. Sami and Lucas become engaged, but Kate does everything in her power to make sure they never walk down the aisle. She brings Sami's ex, Brandon Walker, back to town. Kate has Sami and Brandon drugged and",
"title": "Lucas Horton"
},
{
"id": "6142684",
"text": "him into a ditch. Nevertheless, Lucas is determined to stay on the team (although he removes the name \"Scott\" from his jersey). He is attracted to and shares a deep emotional connection with Peyton (Nathan's girlfriend). Disgusted by Nathan's behavior towards his brother, she eventually breaks up with him. Nathan retaliates by pursuing Lucas's best friend Haley, who agrees to tutor Nathan in return for him leaving Lucas alone. Lucas and Peyton fall in love, but Peyton is initially scared of a romance with Lucas (not wanting to be \"serious\" with him). Lucas is devastated and starts seeing Peyton's best",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "10431029",
"text": "(WGAw) and the Alliance of Motion Picture and Television Producers (AMPTP). The dispute led to a strike by the writers, which has caused a lack in episodes being produced. The season was to conclude in June 2008, after twenty-two episodes, but the season had been shortened to twelve episodes due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. With the strike resolved, the CW announced that six more episodes would be produced bringing the episode count to eighteen. Four years after high school; Karen is travelling the world with her daughter, Lily and boyfriend, Andy. Lucas has a new girlfriend,",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 5)"
},
{
"id": "3781837",
"text": "felt betrayed [in season 2 and parts of season 3]\", said Schwahn. \"That tells me that we've done things correctly – that's the strength of a love triangle.\" One debate concerned the season 2 episode \"Don't Take Me For Granted\", in which Lucas says that a girl is \"slipping away\" and he needs to confess his love for her, but shows up at Brooke's house instead of Peyton's. Most viewers (including Lucas–Peyton and Brooke–Lucas fans) had trouble interpreting the \"slipping away\" line as a reference to Brooke, since Peyton had been the girl Lucas had been in love with in",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781854",
"text": "heart of the show to be the dynamic between Lucas and Peyton, \"One Tree Hill\" without the two characters would not work. A TVGuide.com poll found that nearly half of respondents were, however, willing to take a \"wait and see\" approach to a revamped version of the series. In April, Schwann told a crowd in Paris that all of the actors had signed on for season 7, except for Murray and Burton. \"They're in negotiations right now and I know they've been offered great things, and hopefully they'll decide to come back\", he said. \"If they don't, that's always a",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "4523118",
"text": "of the book of the same name by John Feinstein. The film centered on the 1985–86 season of Indiana University's college basketball team. In 2003, Lafferty was cast in his breakout role of Nathan Scott on The WB/The CW teen drama series \"One Tree Hill\". The series follows two estranged half-brothers, Nathan and Lucas Scott, who are put on the same basketball team, jeopardizing Nathan's position as the star player. In May 2011, The CW renewed the series for a ninth and final season, for which Lafferty chose to return on a recurring basis rather than in a full-time starring",
"title": "James Lafferty"
},
{
"id": "6142702",
"text": "loves him at the time, she pushes him away, remembering Peyton. Soon after, he is scheduled to have a book signing in LA where Peyton is living and working. Having missed her, he calls her and invites her to come to the signing. Peyton comes, but witnesses Lindsey giving Lucas a congratulatory kiss and, assuming they are in a relationship, leaves, thinking there is no hope for her and Lucas. Lucas thinks that Peyton did not bother to come, and consequently begins dating Lindsey. In Season 5, four years after high school graduation, Lucas, now 22, suffers from writer's block",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "5439346",
"text": "the \"12 most essential episodes\" of \"One Tree Hill\" in 2009 by fans at starnewsonline.com. Peyton Sawyer Peyton Elizabeth Sawyer is a fictional character from The WB/CW television series \"One Tree Hill\", portrayed by Hilarie Burton. A talented visual and musical artist, Peyton has a heavily guarded heart due to the number of lost loved ones in her life. She goes through life changes throughout the series as she finds love from Lucas Scott, to Jake Jagielski, then back to Lucas again. She shares a special bond with Brooke Davis, her best friend for many years. She also becomes close",
"title": "Peyton Sawyer"
},
{
"id": "8280345",
"text": "relationships with both Dillon and Brook Lynn. However, Lucas and Brook Lynn rekindle their romance when they trapped at the Quartermaine mansion due to a serial killer going on the loose. Lucas helps Brook Lynn accept her new makeover for her singing career, He accompanies her to a school dance where they share their first kiss. Lucas and Brook Lynn eventually break up. In the fall of 2005, Lucas admits to his family and friends he is gay. Though Bobbie defends her son, she immediately wants to get him counseling. Lucas is shocked by how supportive Tony is about the",
"title": "Lucas Jones"
},
{
"id": "10083225",
"text": "couple. They later have sex, and Lucas, released on house arrest, sees them. Sami ends her marriage to EJ, but Lucas can't forgive her. In March 2009 Lucas marries Chloe Lane (Nadia Bjorlin), though that relationship ends when she has an affair with Daniel Jonas (Shawn Christian). Sami begins seeing her former FBI bodyguard from the Witness Protection Program, Rafe Hernandez (Galen Gering), and becomes involved in a love triangle with him and EJ. Sami and Lucas become good friends again, and they amicably co-parent their son Will (now Dylan Patton) who has returned to Salem, and their daughter Allie.",
"title": "Lucas Roberts and Sami Brady"
},
{
"id": "6142693",
"text": "begins a non-exclusive relationship with Brooke and uses Rachel Gatina to make her jealous, but a series of events leads Brooke to sleep with Chris Keller, tearing them apart. Later, he forgives her after she gives him the 82 letters she wrote to him during her vacation but did not send. He and Nathan gradually become friends again. Keith returns, and he and Karen finally get together and become engaged. Keith also plans to adopt Lucas. Tragedy strikes when Lucas's former friend Jimmy Edwards brings a gun to school and fires it, accidentally hitting Peyton and causing a lockdown (\"With",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "2030780",
"text": "role of Lucas Scott on \"One Tree Hill\". Mischa Barton portrays Marissa Cooper (season 1–3). Throughout the series Marissa is frequently battling with drugs and alcohol, including nearly killing herself on a trip in Mexico with her friends. Marissa's relationships with her parents, boyfriends, and classmates are often tumultuous. She is Summer's best friend and Ryan's on and off love interest. Marissa is portrayed as a \"spoiled girl who adjusts to being poor.\" The casting director referred to Marissa as \"a girl stuck in the trappings of her life who seemed older than her actual age.\" Mischa Barton left the",
"title": "The O.C."
},
{
"id": "10083227",
"text": "Wilhelmina\", he promises to keep her secret. Stefano DiMera gives Sami the title of CEO at \"Countess Wilhelmina\" as revenge for his wife's Kate's affair with Ian McAllister. On April 23, Autumn breaks up with Lucas, via phone, saying she was sick of waiting on him to come back to Hong Kong. On April 27, Lucas, Sami, Will (now Chandler Massey), and Allie have a fun day together as a family. Sami thanks Lucas for everything and gives him a hug. Lucas kisses her on the cheek, and bit by bit over the following weeks, Lucas and Sami become romantically",
"title": "Lucas Roberts and Sami Brady"
},
{
"id": "10431030",
"text": "Lindsey, and a best-selling book. Brooke's fashion line has taken off, but she still feels like her life is missing something. Haley has become a teacher at Tree Hill high. Nathan is in a wheelchair after a bar accident, and has to deal with recuperating and a future that possibly has no basketball in it. Peyton's career didn't take off in L.A., and she returns to Tree Hill still mourning the end of her relationship with Lucas. Dan is released from jail and is hoping for forgiveness. Deb becomes Jamie's nanny after the previous one kidnapped him, tried to steal",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 5)"
},
{
"id": "11188781",
"text": "Days\" was written by Mark Schwahn, the creator of the television series \"One Tree Hill\". It was also directed by Greg Prange who commonly directs the episodes that Schwahn writes. The episode was released on iTunes and Amazon Unbox as a free download in the US, however it later cost $1.99. The episode included music from Kelly Clarkson, Jackson Waters, The National, Yellowcard, Black Rebel Motorcycle Club. The episode is set 4 years after the events of the fourth season finale \"All of a Sudden I Miss Everyone\". Lucas Scott (Chad Michael Murray) returns to Tree Hill after having been",
"title": "4 Years, 6 Months, 2 Days"
},
{
"id": "6142697",
"text": "win, with Lucas making the winning shot. During the celebration, Lucas, after receiving Brooke's blessing, sees Peyton and tells her that she is the girl he has been meant for. The two then share a long-awaited kiss. They become a couple at the after-party, but their happiness is short-lived when Haley gets hit by a car and Lucas tries to tell the paramedics what happened, only to suffer a heart attack. As he is in the hospital, Lucas dreams that he is visited by Keith, who shows Lucas what life would have been like if he had been a lesser",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "11004274",
"text": "him. A last close-up to the park where Lucas used to play: it’s finally empty. \"One Tree Hill\" was first created to be a feature-length movie with the title \"Ravens\". However, Mark Schwahn was convinced by fellow producer Joe Davola that it would be more interesting as a TV series. The series features an unaired pilot episode which takes place in the past. It tells the story of Karen and Dan and how she got pregnant. Then, after Dan marries Deb it skips to the future where Lucas has his first day at Tree Hill High. He meets Mouth and",
"title": "Pilot (One Tree Hill)"
},
{
"id": "6142686",
"text": "out about their tryst. Lucas's feelings towards Dan are challenged when he learns that Dan wanted joint custody of Lucas, but Karen refused. He also finds himself in Dan's position when Brooke claims to be pregnant, although this turns out to be false as Brooke was lying to seek her revenge on Lucas for breaking her heart. His friendship with Peyton is broken once she learns he had a one-night stand with new resident Nicki not long after she ended their affair. However, his relationship with Nathan improves as Lucas realizes that he got a better deal than Nathan, who",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "11004270",
"text": "Pilot (One Tree Hill) \"Pilot\" is the first episode of \"One Tree Hill\"'s first season. It first aired on The WB television network in the United States on September 23, 2003. It was written by Mark Schwahn and directed by Bryan Gordon. It saw John Keenan and Melissa Claire Egan guest star as Officer Wayman and Melody, respectively. It introduces the character of Lucas Scott (played by Chad Michael Murray) — a high school student — and his friends and relatives in the fictional Tree Hill, North Carolina. An important basketball game is going on at Tree Hill High School.",
"title": "Pilot (One Tree Hill)"
},
{
"id": "3159561",
"text": "labeled as notable and \"unforgettable\" love stories. IGN considers Buffy Summers and Angel from \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" to be one of the genre's most tragic and notable star-crossed pairings. The Doctor bidding farewell to his companion Rose Tyler in \"Doctor Who\" has been named one of the greatest love scenes in science fiction. Cole Turner and Phoebe Halliwell from \"Charmed\", Michael and Nikita from \"La Femme Nikita\", Kara Thrace and Lee Adama from \"Battlestar Galactica\", Clark Kent and Lana Lang from \"Smallville\", as well as Lucas Scott and Peyton Sawyer from \"One Tree Hill\" are other star-crossed couples from",
"title": "Star-crossed"
},
{
"id": "6142706",
"text": "stay with his mother and Andy after the failed wedding. Andy convinces Lucas to go after Lindsey, prompting him to go to her and tell her that one day she will come back to him. She comes back to Tree Hill for Jamie's 5th birthday, but tells Lucas that it was really over. He then helps Brooke cope with having baby Angie around. After Lindsey calls him to tell him she is seeing someone, he blows up after an opposing player gets away with attempting to injure Quentin Fields, drawing himself a 10-game suspension. He becomes heavily drunk and tells",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "10386411",
"text": "a baby. Lucas starts writing a novel, while also questioning what really happened on the day of the school shooting. Nathan gets involved with some shady characters after he and Haley start having money problems. Peyton finds out she has a brother, but he may not be who he says he is. Brooke becomes friends with Rachel and starts a relationship with newcomer Chase. Dan tries to get close to Karen and help her with Keith's baby. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The season premiere was seen by 3.64 million U.S. viewers and achieved a 1.7 Adults 18-49 rating, up 19% in viewers and",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 4)"
},
{
"id": "10083226",
"text": "Lucas eventually gets a job offer in Hong Kong and moves there, though he does return for a few days for the funeral of his grandmother Alice Horton in June 2010. On February 29, 2012, Sami calls Lucas for advice. On March 2, Lucas returns to Salem and goes to see Sami at her apartment. They admit to each other that they still love each other and they share a hug. Lucas later reveals to Sami that he has a fiancée named Autumn, who Sami calls \"Winter\" and \"April\". Once Lucas finds out that Sami was the mole at \"Countess",
"title": "Lucas Roberts and Sami Brady"
},
{
"id": "8280342",
"text": "Hill (Sharon Wyatt) and her husband, Sean Donely (John Reilly). In her will, Cheryl leaves custody of Lucas to Bobbie and Tony. However, Tiffany decides to fight for custody. Bobbie wins custody. She and Tony officially adopt Lucas in March 1993. In 1994, Lucas's sister, B.J. dies and donates her heart to their cousin Maxie. In 1996, Tony and Bobbie divorce. Tony often harasses Bobbie about seeing Lucas. In 2001, Lucas is poisoned by Helena Cassadine and Tony is forced to work for her to obtain the cure. Luke is able to foil Helena's plans and obtain the cure for",
"title": "Lucas Jones"
},
{
"id": "8280338",
"text": "being very sure of himself, Lucas views Julian's \"lack of support,\" as \"rejection.\" Lucas struggles with Julian's reaction and \"spirals a bit,\" Carnes said. The actor looked forward to seeing how the \"human situation\" between Julian and Lucas would develop, it would help those who could identify with the situation. According to Bobbie (Jacklyn Zeman), as of 2013, Lucas resides in Seattle, Washington and had still not found the right guy. The character's return sets up a romantic triangle between Lucas, Felix DuBois (Marc Anthony Samuel) and Brad Cooper (Parry Shen). In an interview with \"On-Air On-Soaps\" published on December",
"title": "Lucas Jones"
},
{
"id": "10083209",
"text": "she is in love with Sami's brother Eric Brady (Jensen Ackles), and Kate pays Nicole five million dollars for her to marry Lucas, so that he can gain custody of Will whilst Sami is in jail. Lucas's conscience then gets the better of him, and at the last minute he rushes to stop Sami's execution, shouting that he killed Franco. The execution is halted, but not because of Lucas. It is halted because a dying mobster associate of Franco sings a confession at the behest of Kate. Sami is freed and falls in love with Brandon Walker (Matt Cedeño), who",
"title": "Lucas Roberts and Sami Brady"
},
{
"id": "10386723",
"text": "One Tree Hill (season 2) The second season of \"One Tree Hill\", an American teen drama television series, began airing on September 21, 2004 on The WB television network. The season concluded on May 24, 2005, after 23 episodes. Season two increased in ratings, averaging 4.50 million viewers weekly, and was its highest rated season. \"Warner Home Video\" released the complete second season, under the title of \"One Tree Hill: The Complete Second Season\", on September 13, 2005, as a six-disc boxed set. Season 2 chronicles the remainder of junior year at Tree Hill High. Lucas and Nathan begin to",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "6142708",
"text": "phone, and the viewers are left hanging as to whom he decides to propose to. In the first episode of the sixth season, the audience discovers that Peyton was on the receiving end of Lucas's phone call. He waits to see if she actually arrives, and moments later, he finds her through the crowd, making her way toward him with bags packed. They share passionate kisses, Peyton glowing with happiness, and then board the plane on their way to Las Vegas. When they get there, they spend the night in a kinky Vegas hotel room. The next day, they go",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "6142694",
"text": "Tired Eyes, Tired Minds, Tired Souls, We Slept\"). Lucas saves Peyton and is devastated by Jimmy and Keith's eventual deaths. After seeing the effect of Keith's death on his mother, Lucas decides to finally tell Whitey, Nathan, and Karen about his heart condition and quits basketball. He goes on a university tour with his mother and realizes that he wants to become a writer. He is also Nathan's best man for his second wedding to Haley. He and Brooke break up for good during the wedding when Brooke learns that Lucas kissed Peyton back during the school shooting. In Season",
"title": "Lucas Scott"
},
{
"id": "12391243",
"text": "(Carla Bonner) would begin dating. Steph helps Lucas recover from injuries he sustains after a motorbike crash. As they spend more time together, Lucas realises that he loves Steph and he tells her about his feelings. However, he is unaware that Steph has slept with his brother and is pregnant with his child. The couple later split when the truth comes out, but Major told Holy Soap that they could get back together. Of the situation, Major said \"It's definitely what Lucas is hoping for. There will be lots of obstacles along the way but hopefully they might be able",
"title": "Lucas Fitzgerald"
},
{
"id": "3781828",
"text": "takes place are derived from the song \"One Tree Hill\", which is named after the landmark in New Zealand. Most of the show's episodes are titles of songs, bands or albums. Schwahn named the town \"Tree Hill\" because, while he was writing the idea for the show, he had been listening to the album \"The Joshua Tree\" by U2. In the early days, fans often asked Schwahn why the show was named \"One Tree Hill\" when the town was just called Tree Hill. The question is ostensibly answered when Karen tells Lucas in episode 1.22, \"There is only one Tree",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781821",
"text": "attacked in her store, leaving her scarred mentally. She later takes in foster child Sam. Star player Quentin is killed, leaving Nathan more determined to reach the NBA. Mouth and Millicent's relationship hits the rocks when Mouth's ex, Gigi, returns later in the season the pair reunite. Brooke battles with her mother for her company, and her attacker, who we find out is the guy who killed Quentin. Skills and Deb end their relationship. Dan comes to terms with his life and how much time he has left. Brooke enters a relationship with Julian. The seventh season jumps fourteen months",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "15631620",
"text": "renewed, Mark Schwahn said that if they decide to air the ending for season eight that will satisfy as a series finale, he could introduce the unaired cliffhangers in the season nine premiere. In regard to her contract renewal, Sophia Bush tweeted, \"The writers have GREAT plans!\". The season will have Brooke and Haley balancing family life with running a busy Karen's Cafe, while Nathan travels more as an agent. A possible wedding may occur with Mouth and Millie, or Clay and Quinn. Lucas will take Lydia to stay with him after he comes to visit. The series finale will",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 9)"
},
{
"id": "3781844",
"text": "were various: \"One Tree Hill\" is known for its numerous voice-overs featuring either literary quotes or characters reflecting on events of the episode. Most of them have been made by Chad Michael Murray's character Lucas. However, other characters have done so several times. Guest stars Bryan Greenberg, Sheryl Lee, Torrey DeVitto, and Ashley Rickards have also done voice-overs for single episodes. Characters who interact with the main cast, such as Bevin, Chase, Shelly and Glenda, helped to narrate the joint episodes, being portrayed by Bevin Prince, Stephen Colletti, Elisabeth Harnois and Amber Wallace. As the show progresses, songs continue to",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3781847",
"text": "fourteen months after the sixth, thus giving a better explanation for the somewhat abrupt departures of series leads Chad Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton. Explaining the decision to start the series with the teenagers as juniors, Schwahn said, \"Lucas and Nathan were important players on the [basketball] team, the most important, and I just couldn't see that happening to freshmen.\" He also wanted to keep the characters in high school longer, saying, \"I know a lot of the shows that we started with, the kids are out of high school now and into college and what have you, and I",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "5439334",
"text": "proposes to her in the same hotel room he did years before. The two are still in L.A. during Brooke's attack. After Brooke calls Peyton and sounds weird, Lucas and Peyton decide to head back to Tree Hill and have the wedding there instead. Peyton sees that Brooke is beaten up, but Brooke lies and says she fell down the stairs, and Peyton believes her, not knowing that Brooke was attacked. Peyton meets a famous musician named Mick Wolf, who used to know Ellie. He is the one who asked Mia about Peyton during the tour. He keeps dodging around",
"title": "Peyton Sawyer"
},
{
"id": "8442079",
"text": "he crashes his car whilst driving under the influence and ends up in hospital. Sami both berates and encourages him to take the first step back to health and enter rehab, and with Sami gunning for him, Lucas finally enters rehab and returns to sobriety. On completing rehab and returning to Salem, he and Will build a new father-son friendship, despite Will not remembering him from before. And Lucas rekindles romance with his ex-wife Chloe, including inviting her to a date at the ice-rink. Bonnie shows up with a baby girl and says Lucas is the father. Lucas Horton Lucas",
"title": "Lucas Horton"
},
{
"id": "3781816",
"text": "causing damage between Brooke and Lucas. The later of the season sees Nathan and Haley plan their wedding. A major subplot consists of Dan's efforts to solve the murder attempt that was made against him during the previous season's cliffhanger. A major episode (\"With Tired Eyes, Tired Minds, Tired Souls, We Slept\") involves most of the main cast in a hostage situation at Tree Hill High and culminates in Peyton getting shot in the leg, Jimmy Edwards committing suicide and Dan murdering Keith. At the end of the season finale after Nathan and Haley renew their vows he, Rachel, and",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "12391268",
"text": "agree to set aside their differences. Lucas begins a relationship with Elle Robinson and finds employment at the local garage. Lucas starts gambling again and gets into debt with Johnno Brewer (Damien Aylward). Lucas is forced to ask Dan for help. When Johnno causes a car crash, which claims the life of Bridget Parker (Eloise Mignon), Lucas blames himself and starts to self-destruct. Lucas's Gamblers Anonymous sponsor Sonya Mitchell (Eve Morey) helps him with his problems. Lucas proposes to Elle and she accepts, despite opposition from Dan and Elle's father Paul (Stefan Dennis). Elle gets a job overseas and Lucas",
"title": "Lucas Fitzgerald"
},
{
"id": "12391275",
"text": "married. During the wedding, Vanessa struggles with her vows and leaves the church. Francesca disowns Vanessa. Lucas later speaks with Francesca, as Vanessa wants her around for the baby. This causes Lucas to miss the birth of his son, Patrick (Lucas MacFarlane). Vanessa gets engaged to Rhys, but ends it when Patrick is diagnosed with Ebstein's anomaly. After learning Lucas loves her, she kisses him and they begin a relationship. While they stay in hospital accommodation, Lucas rents Number 32 to the Turners. When Lucas admits that he is afraid to love Patrick in case he dies, Vanessa gets him",
"title": "Lucas Fitzgerald"
},
{
"id": "10431036",
"text": "Haley, Lucas and Skills now work. Brett Claywell returned as Tim Smith, working as a pizza boy. Bevin Prince also returned as Bevin Mirskey, married to Tim Smith, with whom she has a son, Nathan Smith. Newcomer Michaela McManus was added to the cast for a multi-episode arc as Lindsey Strauss, a \"tough but kind\" New York editor assigned to work on Lucas' novel. Daphne Zuniga guest starred as a \"glamorous and intimidating\" business exec who works with Brooke, later revealed to be her mother. Torrey DeVitto has signed on to play the nanny of Nathan and Haley's son in",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 5)"
},
{
"id": "12391274",
"text": "interested in Vanessa, Lucas warns him to stay away from her. However, Rhys and Vanessa begin dating. Lucas wants to become more involved with the baby and attends Vanessa's first scan. He also opens up to her about his gambling addiction. Number 24 goes up for auction and Lucas decides to purchase it for himself and Vanessa. However, he is outbid by Ajay Kapoor (Sachin Joab) and he buys Number 32 instead. Both Sonya and Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver) encourage Lucas to tell Vanessa that he loves her. Vanessa's mother, Francesca (Carmelina di Guglielmo), insists that Lucas and Vanessa get",
"title": "Lucas Fitzgerald"
},
{
"id": "10431035",
"text": "Whitey Durham for a flashback sequence. Danneel Harris returned, as a recurring not main cast member, to portray Rachel Gatina, who is now a drug addict. Moira Kelly also returned as Lucas' mother Karen Roe. Barbara Alyn Woods reprised her role of Deb Lee in the fourteenth episode, appearing in a total of four episodes. Cullen Moss and Vaughn Wilson returned as Junk Moretti and Fergie Thompson, living with Mouth and Skills. Stephen Colletti reprised his guest role as Chase Adams, as did Kieren Hutchison as Andy Hargrove. Shawn Shepard returned to portray Tree Hill High's principal, Principal Turner, where",
"title": "One Tree Hill (season 5)"
},
{
"id": "3781827",
"text": "As in the setting of the show, Schwahn went to school in a small town and played on a basketball team. He described himself as similar to the character of Mouth McFadden. Schwahn said that in designing the show, he created Lucas as \"this underdog kid from the wrong side of the tracks\" who crosses over to the pretty and popular; he wanted to show the life of such a person in a basketball context, feeling that basketball was a great platform for telling stories. The title of the show and the name of the fictional town where the series",
"title": "One Tree Hill (TV series)"
}
] | who ends up with lucas in one tree hill |
|
| [
{
"id": "3735794",
"text": "Wall into the North. Shortly after returning to Castle Black in the season finale \"Mother's Mercy\", Jon is summoned to hear news of his missing uncle Benjen, but is instead stabbed to death by Thorne and his group of mutineers. In \"The Red Woman\", Davos Seaworth, Dolorous Edd, and other brothers of the Watch loyal to Jon barricade themselves in a room with Ghost and Jon's body, and an attack by Thorne and his men is thwarted by the arrival of Tormund and his wildlings. Davos encourages Melisandre to attempt to resurrect Jon in \"Home\", and though the ritual at",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735788",
"text": "Wall to help his family, his sense of duty ultimately compels him to stay. In the second season, Jon witnesses the wildling Craster, a man with many wives who marries his own daughters, sacrifice his newborn son to the White Walkers in \"The Night Lands\". Later, as part of a small scouting party led by Night's Watch ranger Qhorin Halfhand, Jon is tasked to kill a wildling prisoner, the woman warrior Ygritte. He finds himself unable to do so in \"The Old Gods and the New\", and she escapes, only to capture him with her comrades in \"The Prince of",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735782",
"text": "person who’s honorable to a fault and does the right thing even when the right thing is extremely dangerous to him personally.\" In the June 2015 season 5 finale \"Mother's Mercy\", Jon is stabbed to death by Alliser Thorne and several men of the Night's Watch after being labeled a traitor. With Martin's 2011 novel \"A Dance with Dragons\" vague on Jon's fate, Harington confirmed the character's death in an interview with \"Entertainment Weekly\", saying \"I’ve been told I’m dead. I’m dead. I’m not coming back next season.\" He added, \"I loved how they brought [the orphan boy] Olly in",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735791",
"text": "Mormont. After defeating the mutineers, Jon is reunited with Ghost. Tormund's wildlings attack Castle Black while Mance's army besieges the Wall in \"The Watchers on the Wall\". The wildlings are successfully repelled, though Ygritte is shot and dies in Jon's arms. Before Jon can negotiate with or kill Mance, Stannis Baratheon's army arrives and routs the wildling camp, taking Mance prisoner in the season finale \"The Children\". In \"The Wars to Come\", Stannis enlists Jon as an intermediary between himself and Mance, hoping to add the wildling army to his own. Mance refuses to submit to Stannis, and the wildling",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735764",
"text": "rebel against Aerys. In what later became known as Robert's Rebellion, Aerys was overthrown and Rhaegar was killed by Robert in single combat. After a bloody battle against three of Aerys' Kingsguard protecting the Tower of Joy in Dorne, Ned found Lyanna inside, in a \"bed of blood.\" She died shortly after eliciting a promise from Ned. Once the war was won, he returned to Winterfell with his illegitimate son Jon. The R+L=J theory posits that rather than Rhaegar kidnapping Lyanna, they fell in love and ran away together. Living for a year in the Tower of Joy, they conceived",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735789",
"text": "Winterfell\". Qhorin orders Jon to pretend to defect and join the wildlings to discover their plans. In \"Valar Morghulis\", Qhorin stages a fight and secretly instructs Jon to kill him to gain the wildlings' trust. Jon does, and is taken to meet Mance Rayder, the wildlings' King-Beyond-the Wall. In the third season, Jon pledges his loyalty to Mance and travels with the wildlings, learning that they intend to scale the Wall and force their way back into Westeros. Jon's feelings for Ygritte begin to intensify, and they have sex in \"Kissed by Fire\". When Jon refuses to kill an innocent",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735770",
"text": "led by Qhorin Halfhand. On the journey, Jon comes upon a wildling lookout and takes the warrior girl Ygritte captive; though told to kill her, Jon lets her escape. Jon and Qhorin are subsequently captured by the wildlings. Qhorin, who faces certain execution at Mance's hands, commands Jon to infiltrate the wildlings and learn their plans, at any cost. Jon pretends to disavow the Night's Watch, and the wildlings force him to fight Qhorin to the death to earn their trust. With Qhorin's silent consent, Jon kills him with the aid of Ghost. As \"A Storm of Swords\" (2000) begins,",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735776",
"text": "the bride is actually Jeyne Poole, Jon sends Mance to rescue her while Stannis marches on Winterfell. Jon later receives a letter from Ramsay claiming that Stannis has been defeated and Mance is a prisoner. Ramsay demands hostages, else he will march on the Wall and kill Jon. Jon decides to seek out and kill Ramsay himself, but he is stabbed by his Night's Watch brothers seeking to uphold the Watch's neutrality before he can leave Castle Black. Jon's presence in the forthcoming volume \"The Winds of Winter\" is uncertain; when asked in 2011 by \"Entertainment Weekly\" \"Why did you",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735765",
"text": "a child—Jon. Rhaegar was killed in battle by Robert, and Lyanna died in childbirth. Ned promised Lyanna on her deathbed to claim the baby as his own to protect him from Robert, who sought to exterminate all Targaryens out of hatred and to secure his claim to the throne. HBO's \"Game of Thrones\" has included in its adaptation many of the \"hints\" identified by this theory. In the season 6 finale, \"The Winds of Winter\", Bran Stark has a vision of the past which shows Ned reuniting with a dying Lyanna in the Tower of Joy. Lyanna makes him promise",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735783",
"text": "to be the person who kills me. I love how the storyline with Thorne was wrapped up.\" Benioff also said of the episode: Writing for \"The New York Times\", Jeremy Egner called Jon's demise \"the biggest death on the show\" since Ned Stark's beheading in season 1. Amid strong fan reaction over Jon's death on social media, immediately following the episode journalists began theorizing how the show could resurrect the character. Nate Jones of Vulture.com noted: A July 2015 sighting of Harington arriving in Belfast, a primary filming location for the series where other actors were arriving for season 6",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735771",
"text": "Jon has gained the trust of the wildlings by killing Qhorin, and marches with their host. He learns that Mance intends to breach the Wall and march south to escape the Others, crushing the Night's Watch if necessary. Jon finds himself torn between his growing love for Ygritte and his vows of celibacy. After climbing over The Wall with Ygritte and Tormund Giantsbane, Jon deserts them to warn the Watch of the impending attack. He helps defend Castle Black against the wildlings' initial attacks despite his lack of men and weapons. Ygritte is killed in the fighting, leaving Jon stricken.",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735799",
"text": "to convince Cersei that their true enemy is the army of the dead, Jon leads an expedition north of the Wall to capture a wight and bring it south to King's Landing. They manage to do so in \"Beyond the Wall\", but are surrounded by a horde of the Night King's minions. Daenerys arrives with her dragons, but the Night King kills one of them with an ice spear, forcing the others to flee without Jon. He is saved by the reappearance of his uncle Benjen, who is overtaken by the dead as Jon escapes back to the Wall. Daenerys",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735796",
"text": "to take back Winterfell and rescue Rickon from Ramsay in \"The Broken Man\", but their forces grow to only half the size of Bolton's. As the armies face each other in \"Battle of the Bastards\", Ramsay murders Rickon to enrage Jon, who rushes in with murderous fury. A devastating battle ensues in which the outnumbered Stark forces are nearly slaughtered, until the Knights of the Vale from House Arryn arrive with Sansa and Petyr Baelish, and attack the Bolton army from the rear. Jon chases Ramsay back into Winterfell and beats him savagely, stopping before killing him. Sansa subsequently feeds",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735797",
"text": "Ramsay to his own hounds. In the season finale episode \"The Winds of Winter\", Bran Stark has a vision of the past which shows Ned reuniting with a dying Lyanna in the Tower of Joy. She makes him swear to protect her son—Jon. Meanwhile, the Northern lords name Jon the King in the North. Attempting to bolster the North's defenses in \"Dragonstone\", Jon is frustrated when his authority is undermined by Sansa, who does not want him to repeat the mistakes that got their father Ned and brother Robb killed. Jon dismisses a message from Cersei Lannister that he swear",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735790",
"text": "man to prove his loyalty in \"The Rains of Castamere\", he is attacked by the other wildlings, but escapes. In \"Mhysa\", he is tracked by Ygritte, who shoots him with three arrows before he is able to escape again and return to Castle Black. In \"Two Swords\", Alliser Thorne and Janos Slynt call for Jon's execution for defecting to the wildlings, but Maester Aemon is convinced of Jon's loyalty to the Watch and sets him free. In \"First of His Name\", Jon leads an expedition to Craster's Keep, where some men of the Watch have mutinied and murdered Lord Commander",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "7287930",
"text": "Jack in the antifreeze, follows Sam. Sam, Anne, Marla and Joe arrive to a greeting by the eccentric Colonel Hickering (Ray Cooney) and his assistants Captain Fun (Sean Patrick Murphy) and Bobby (Tai Bennett). Jack washes ashore and kills three women, Ashlea (Shonda Farr), Paisley (Granger Green), and Rose (Jennifer Lyons). The next morning, the Colonel discovers the bodies and tries to cover up the whole mess, as he does not want this to ruin his resort. However, the island's manager, Agent Manners (David Allen Brooks) who had survived Jack’s maiming of him, suspects that Jack has returned. Jack continues",
"title": "Jack Frost 2: Revenge of the Mutant Killer Snowman"
},
{
"id": "3735793",
"text": "to the eponymous wildling village, seeking their support for his plan to ally the Night's Watch and the wildlings against the growing threat of the White Walkers. As some of the wildling clans board Stannis' ships to travel south, a massive force of wights, led by White Walkers and their Night King, attacks the village. Jon kills a White Walker with Longclaw, learning that weapons forged with Valyrian steel can destroy them completely. Jon and his group barely make it out alive, with only a fraction of the wildling forces. Jon then permits the wildling forces to pass through the",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735784",
"text": "script read-throughs, prompted further speculation about the character's return. However, a story in \"Vanity Fair\" pointed out that Charles Dance had been seen in Belfast the previous year after his character Tywin Lannister's death as well, and he only appeared in the first episode of the subsequent season as a corpse. Another photo that showed Harington on set in Belfast in a costume that varied from the Night's Watch outfit was published on September 25, 2015. A season 6 \"Game of Thrones\" promotional poster released in November 2015 featured a bloodied Jon. Jon is resurrected by Melisandre in \"Home\", the",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "7736793",
"text": "Lysa Arryn there. He refers to his new but unspecified powerful allies, stating that Joffrey's death was a gift to them that will help their friendship \"grow strong\". He adds that, because he has no visible motive to kill Joffrey, he will not be suspected. Littlefinger informs Sansa that a missing stone in her necklace contained the poison used for the murder. At Castle Black, Ser Alliser Thorne orders Jon Snow to stop training other men, reminding Jon that he is officially a steward. Janos Slynt advises Thorne to send the now-popular Jon on an expedition to kill the mutineers",
"title": "Oathkeeper"
},
{
"id": "7287935",
"text": "back in the kitchen. During the search, the snowmen kill seven more tourists. Eventually, Anne realizes that they can be killed by bananas, due to Sam being allergic to bananas. As a result, Jack would share the same vulnerabilities, since he absorbed some of Sam's genetics in Snowmonton. Everybody soon makes a big batch of banana smoothies, which they then use to kill the tiny snowmen. However, one of them crawls back to Jack, fatally wounded. Jack picks it up and observes it, and then watches it slowly die in his arms. Jack sheds a tear, mourning the loss of",
"title": "Jack Frost 2: Revenge of the Mutant Killer Snowman"
},
{
"id": "16654224",
"text": "the museum is attacked by walkers. The observation deck collapses and causes Sarah (if saved from the trailer park) to fall and get devoured. Rebecca eventually gives birth to a boy later named AJ, while Jane leaves the group. As the group heads north towards Wellington, they encounter Arvo and are trapped by other Russian survivors. As Rebecca succumbs to exhaustion and begins to reanimate, either Clementine or Kenny kills her to protect AJ. This triggers a gunfight, during which Jane returns. Arvo, the sole Russian survivor, is left alive on the promise of supplies. He directs the group to",
"title": "The Walking Dead: Season Two"
},
{
"id": "4113196",
"text": "to be a good death, so at the same time, I was pretty happy. Rickon Stark is Lord Eddard and Lady Catelyn's youngest child, naturally aggressive and strong-willed. His black dire wolf Shaggydog shares these qualities also. When Theon Greyjoy captures Winterfell in Season 2, Rickon hides in the crypts. After Theon can't seem to find where Rickon and Bran are, he then kills two farm boys to pass their bodies off as the Stark boys. After Winterfell is sacked and burned, he, Bran, Hodor, the Wildling woman Osha and the direwolves travel through the North. In Season 3 before",
"title": "Rickon Stark"
},
{
"id": "7287936",
"text": "his new family. He then becomes angry, stabbing the Colonel through the head with an icicle from behind and slitting Bobby's throat with another icicle. Marla and Joe flee and lock themselves in the freezer with Captain Fun's body, while Anne is attacked by Jack. Sam snaps out of his paranoia and shoots Jack with a banana attached to an arrow, causing him to explode. Anne and Sam embrace each other and walk towards the ocean, prepared to leave the island with any of the other surviving guests. During the credits the two sailors on the supply boat are crushed",
"title": "Jack Frost 2: Revenge of the Mutant Killer Snowman"
},
{
"id": "7287931",
"text": "his rampage, killing a beach model named Sarah (Melanie Good) and stabbing her cameraman (Paul H. Kim) to death with his carrot nose. Sam begins to suspect that something is amiss when he runs into Manners, who agrees to an alliance in order to stop Jack Frost. Sam, Captain Fun, and Manners stage a trap to capture Jack. This fails as the snowman they capture was really the Colonel in costume. After slaying another beach model named Cindy (Stephanie Chao) by freezing the pool she is swimming in and drowning her, Jack decides that the tropics are a bit too",
"title": "Jack Frost 2: Revenge of the Mutant Killer Snowman"
},
{
"id": "3735763",
"text": "vague backstory of his sister Lyanna. As recounted by Ned in \"A Game of Thrones\", at a tourney years before the events of the novel, Rhaegar had shown public favor to Lyanna in the presence of his own wife, the Dornish princess Elia Martell. When Rhaegar and Lyanna disappeared a year later, her father Rickard and eldest brother Brandon confronted Rhaegar's father, the Mad King Aerys Targaryen, demanding that his son return the abducted Lyanna. Aerys had Rickard and Brandon brutally executed for their insolence, inciting Ned and his friend Robert Baratheon, Lord of Storm's End and Lyanna's betrothed, to",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "4567510",
"text": "supplies. Davos is sent back to the Wall to ask for more supplies, unaware that Stannis plans to sacrifice Shireen to assure his victory. Lord Commander Jon Snow, though sympathetic, is unable to offer help. Soon after, Melisandre arrives at Castle Black, having fled in the aftermath of Shireen's sacrifice. Davos realises that Stannis has been defeated and Shireen is dead, though Melisandre does not reveal her role. Davos is the first to discover Jon Snow's body after his assassination, and barricades his body in a storeroom with the help of Jon's loyalists. After the wildlings imprison the mutineers who",
"title": "Davos Seaworth"
},
{
"id": "7287932",
"text": "warm and freezes the place, causing it to snow and freeze the lifeguard (Kerri V. Griffin). The party guests begin to play around in snowball fights when Jack enters the fray, killing at least another dozen. Sam, Anne, Marla, Manners and Joe lock themselves up in their room, using antifreeze to keep Jack at bay. Sam and Manners decide to find help, and end up finding a room where the Colonel, Captain Fun, and Bobby have barricaded themselves in. Sam asks the three of them where they can find antifreeze, to which Bobby suggests they use the coolant for the",
"title": "Jack Frost 2: Revenge of the Mutant Killer Snowman"
},
{
"id": "3735787",
"text": "others with their weapons training. Jon befriends Samwell Tarly, who is more an intellectual than a fighter. Jon takes his vows but is disappointed to be made steward to Lord Commander Jeor Mormont rather than a ranger in \"You Win or You Die\". Sam points out that he is likely being groomed for command. Jon saves Mormont from a wight in \"The Pointy End\", and in \"Baelor\" is given House Mormont's ancestral blade Longclaw, a sword made of Valyrian steel, in thanks. Jon learns of his father's execution for treason in \"Fire and Blood\", and though tempted to leave the",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "16654217",
"text": "Hardware. They later encounter another group of survivors, consisting of Kenny (Gavin Hammon), Clementine's friend who was believed to be killed by walkers; Sarita (Julia Farmer), Kenny's new girlfriend; and Kenny's friend, Walter (Kiff Vanden Heuvel) and, Matthew (Wylie Herman). Both factions encounter Carver and his men, whose community includes Bonnie (Erin Yvette) and other survivors that were previously introduced in the \"400 Days\" add-on content from the first season; Jane (Christine Lakin), a lone wolf who had lost her sister to walkers; and Mike (Dan White), a cranky yet humorous survivor. The latter part of the season introduces Arvo",
"title": "The Walking Dead: Season Two"
},
{
"id": "19233184",
"text": "appearance in the books published by George R. R. Martin. The character was introduced originally as a one episode character, to further the story between the Wildlings and the Night's Watch at Castle Black, but was later kept on the show to provide more backstory surrounding the deaths of Ygritte and Jon Snow in the fourth and fifth seasons, respectively. Following his character Olly's betrayal and murder of Jon Snow in the fifth-season episode \"Mother's Mercy\", O'Connor stated that he received many negative messages from fans of the show, with O'Connor responding in an interview, \"I'm so, so sorry if",
"title": "Brenock O'Connor"
},
{
"id": "3735780",
"text": "D. B. Weiss later noted that Jon \"tries to live with honor, while knowing that honor often gets his family members murdered\". They explained that he is one of several characters in the series who must \"face hard truths about the world they live in, and adapt themselves to those truths. The struggle many of them face is how to do that without losing their grip on who they are.\" Matt Fowler of IGN wrote in 2013 that while Jon and Daenerys' storylines in season 1 and season 2 \"felt very separate\" from the rest of the series' plot, for",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "4296261",
"text": "in the season finale, \"The Winds of Winter\", as belonging to Lyanna (Aisling Franciosi), dying of childbirth in the tower. She makes him swear to protect her son - Jon Snow. Bran revisits this moment in the season 7 finale, \"The Dragon and the Wolf\", where Lyanna whispers Jon's true name to Ned - Aegon Targaryen. Bean was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television, a Scream Award for Best Fantasy Actor, and an EWwy Award for Best Actor, Drama for the role. IGN named Ned its Best TV Hero of 2011, and Bean won the Portal",
"title": "Ned Stark"
},
{
"id": "16654221",
"text": "cabin. Five days later, the group arrives at a fortified ski lodge occupied by Kenny, Sarita, and Walter. While Clementine is elated to see Kenny after his apparent death in Savannah, Kenny's bitter attitude soon wears on both groups. After Clementine learns that Nick killed Walter's friend Matthew and is forced to defuse the situation, a group of walkers attack. Suddenly a third group arrives commanded by Carver, who was led to the lodge by Bonnie, a woman had earlier sought supplies by Walter. Carver's group capture everyone except Luke. Carver takes them to a fortified mall, which he runs",
"title": "The Walking Dead: Season Two"
},
{
"id": "3735775",
"text": "maintain the Watch's strict political neutrality. Already agitated by these unprecedented developments, a group of officers led by Slynt openly defies Jon's orders. When Slynt refuses to submit, Jon executes the man himself. Stannis explains to Jon his plan to attack the Dreadfort, but Jon advises him to instead rally the Mountain Clans and attack Deepwood Motte, the fortress of House Glover recently captured by the Ironborn. Stannis does so, winning the support of the Glovers and the Mormonts. Jon learns that his sister Arya is being married to Ramsay Bolton so that the Boltons may claim Winterfell. Unaware that",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3735785",
"text": "May 2016 second episode of season 6. Though calling it a \"predictable move\" for a television series, David Sims of \"The Atlantic\" praised the plot development as \"the right choice\" for the show's narrative. In a subsequent interview with \"Entertainment Weekly\", Harington said: Joanna Robinson of \"Vanity Fair\" credited Jon's much-discussed cliffhanger death as a primary factor behind \"Game of Thrones\" subsequent 25% ratings increase for season 6. Harington's performance in season 6 earned the actor his first Primetime Emmy Award nomination in July 2016. Harington as Jon has the most screen time of any other character in the seven",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "3742161",
"text": "and his failed rebellion against the Iron Throne, he and his mother are later avenged in Season 6 and the first episode of Season 7, when his cousin (believed to be half-brother) Jon Snow and sister Sansa Stark successfully overthrow House Bolton and retake Winterfell. Jon is crowned the King in the North by the remaining Northern lords, wildlings, and Knights of the Vale, restoring Stark rule in the North in the process. Meanwhile, his youngest sister Arya Stark returns to Westeros, murders Walder Frey, and later uses his face to disguise herself as Frey to poison all of his",
"title": "Robb Stark"
},
{
"id": "6427848",
"text": "Cisco Ramon/Vibe and Harrison Wells which supports Barry Allen/The Flash and has a friendship with Iris West. In season one, she struggles with her fiancé Ronnie Raymond's death in the particle accelerator blast which created various meta-humans, but later discovers Ronnie survived as part of the fire-based superhero Firestorm. After the Reverse-Flash (disguised as Wells) is revealed within their team, Caitlin and Ronnie later marry but Ronnie dies shortly after to help close a destructive singularity over Central City. During season two, Caitlin grieves for Ronnie, but grows closer to Hunter Zolomon (disguised as Jay Garrick). She then develops the",
"title": "Killer Frost"
},
{
"id": "3742159",
"text": "and marries Talisa in the 2nd-season finale. On news of his grandfather, Lord Hoster Tully's, death, Robb and his party travel north to Riverrun for the funeral, where the young king is reunited with his great-uncle, Brynden Blackfish, and his uncle, Edmure Tully, the new lord of Riverrun. While at Riverrun, Robb makes the decision to execute Lord Rickard Karstark for the murders of two teenage squires related to the Lannisters, a decision that loses the support of the Karstarks and leads Robb to make the ultimately fatal decision to ask the Freys for their alliance. He is killed in",
"title": "Robb Stark"
},
{
"id": "19447624",
"text": "Michael McElhatton, who had played Roose Bolton since the second season. Jon Snow was killed in the fifth-season finale, \"Mother's Mercy\", and in the lead up to the sixth season, actor Kit Harington, who portrays the character, stated that he would not be returning to the series except to play a corpse, and would not be resurrected despite rampant speculation. Following the airing of \"Home\", Harington issued a public apology to fans of the show, stating that he would \"like to say sorry for lying to everyone. I'm glad that people were upset that he died. I think my biggest",
"title": "Home (Game of Thrones)"
},
{
"id": "4296311",
"text": "the Winterfell wall into the snow and flee. Theon and Sansa are caught by Bolton soldiers in the woods surrounding Winterfell, but are saved by the arrival of Brienne of Tarth, who kills the hunters. Although Sansa and Brienne decide to make for Castle Black, where Sansa's half-brother Jon Snow is Lord Commander of the Night's Watch, Theon tells her that he does not deserve the Starks' forgiveness and instead decides to return to the Iron Islands. Theon returns to the Iron Islands to discover that Balon is dead, and offers to support Yara at the Kingsmoot, a ceremony where",
"title": "Theon Greyjoy"
},
{
"id": "7287933",
"text": "generator, which uses the same material. Luring Jack into a trap, Sam once again tricks Jack into a pool of coolant. Unfortunately, this does not work, as Jack has become much more resilient to the antifreeze due to his time in the lab. Jack spits out a snowball and flees, followed by Manners, into the woods. Sam, Anne, and the others observe the snowball and it \"hatches\" and becomes a baby snowman, who kills Captain Fun. They trap the snowman in a blender and try many different ways of killing it, all of which fail. Meanwhile, Manners has followed Jack",
"title": "Jack Frost 2: Revenge of the Mutant Killer Snowman"
},
{
"id": "3735772",
"text": "When the battle is won, Jon is arrested for desertion by Thorne and Janos Slynt, but is freed after convincing the judges of his loyalty. Still suspicious, Thorne orders that Jon be sent to kill Mance under the pretense of parley, but Jon's task is interrupted by the arrival of Stannis Baratheon's army. Stannis offers to legitimize Jon and declare him Lord of Winterfell if he will align the North with Stannis. Though greatly tempted at the prospect of becoming a true Stark, Jon again chooses to remain loyal to his Night's Watch vows. With Sam's help, Jon is elected",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "17928480",
"text": "Stannis Baratheon. Awaiting orders from Mance Rayder, Ygritte argues with Tormund Giantsbane about their next move before they are interrupted by the arrival of Styr and his group of cannibal Thenns. Having learned of Robb's death, Jon Snow recalls to Samwell Tarly how he envied Robb in their youth, before being summoned to testify to his sworn brothers, including Ser Alliser Thorne, Janos Slynt, and Maester Aemon Targaryen. Jon admits to killing Qhorin Halfhand and sleeping with Ygritte, but also reveals what he has learned of the wildlings' plans. Slynt calls for Jon to be executed as a traitor, and",
"title": "Two Swords (Game of Thrones)"
},
{
"id": "3735769",
"text": "and join his half brother Robb, but the other recruits convince Jon to remain loyal to his Night's Watch vows. The next night, Jon saves Mormont's life by killing an undead wight. Mormont then orders a Great Ranging beyond the Wall to learn more of this new threat. In 1998's \"A Clash of Kings\", Mormont leads a party of Night's Watch rangers beyond the Wall to investigate the disappearance of Jon's uncle Benjen, assess the intentions of the wildling leader Mance Rayder and learn more of the threat posed by the Others. Jon is sent out with a scouting party",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "18680136",
"text": "The Red Woman \"The Red Woman\" is the first episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", and the 51st overall. The episode was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Jeremy Podeswa. The body of Jon Snow is discovered by Ser Davos Seaworth and loyal members of the Night's Watch protect his lifeless body; Melisandre has begun to lose her faith in the Lord of Light; Sansa Stark and Theon Greyjoy flee Winterfell, Ellaria Sand and the Sand Snakes seize control of Dorne; Jaime Lannister returns to King's",
"title": "The Red Woman"
},
{
"id": "10223995",
"text": "Watch is able to deal with, and rumours that the White Walkers have returned are becoming more widespread. Tyrion is skeptical, but agrees to do so. Before leaving the Wall, Tyrion fulfills his ambition to urinate off the top of the Wall and says goodbye to Jon, who finally accepts Tyrion as a friend. Eddard's party arrives at King's Landing. Eddard is immediately summoned to a meeting of the king's Small Council. On his way through the throne room, Eddard encounters Jaime Lannister, and the audience is told that Jaime killed the Mad King Aerys Targaryen, the father of Daenerys",
"title": "Lord Snow"
},
{
"id": "7287929",
"text": "far away in the Pacific for the wedding of his deputy, Joe Foster (Chip Heller) and his secretary Marla (Marsha Clark). Sam reluctantly agrees, after reinforcement from his doctor (Ian Abercrombie). Meanwhile, the FBI has dug up the antifreeze used to dissolve Jack (voiced by Scott MacDonald) attempting to test it for remains of the genetic material. One of the janitors (Brett A. Boydstun) accidentally spills a cup of coffee into the tank of antifreeze, waking Jack up and causing him to reform and break free. Jack, now sharing a psychic link with Sam because of Sam’s blood mixing with",
"title": "Jack Frost 2: Revenge of the Mutant Killer Snowman"
},
{
"id": "16654227",
"text": "and faked his death to prove Kenny's instability to Clementine. Thereafter, Clementine can either forgive and stay with Jane at Carver's abandoned camp or refuse and set off alone with AJ. If Clementine instead allows Kenny to kill Jane, she then has the option of either killing/abandoning Kenny and leaving with AJ, or forgiving and staying with him. If they stay together, the two find Wellington, but overpopulation forces Clementine to decide whether to enter with AJ or remain with Kenny. The game is separated into five episodes, like the first season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> When Telltale Games acquired the right to",
"title": "The Walking Dead: Season Two"
},
{
"id": "16654225",
"text": "a home across a frozen lake, but the pursuit of walkers causes the ice to break. Luke and optionally Bonnie fall through and drown. After Kenny assaults Arvo, Jane pulls Clementine aside to warn her about Kenny's attitude. They find a truck and fix it, planning to flee the next morning. However, Clementine catches Arvo, Bonnie (if alive), and Mike attempting to escape from Kenny with the group's supplies. After being shot by Arvo, Clementine passes out and has a memory of Lee from their time of traveling towards Savannah in the caravan. Clementine recovers and awakens in the truck",
"title": "The Walking Dead: Season Two"
},
{
"id": "18680144",
"text": "must live out their lives in Vaes Dothrak, the Dothraki's sacred city. Arya Stark, now blinded, is sent to beg on the streets. The Waif suddenly appears and forces Arya to duel her using a wooden staff. Arya fails because of her blindness, and the Waif promises that she will return the following day. Following the murder of Jon Snow, his dire-wolf Ghost begins to howl as the sun rises above Castle Black, attracting the attention of Davos Seaworth, Eddison Tollett, and a few other loyalists. They release Ghost from his nearby pen and take Jon's body into a store-room,",
"title": "The Red Woman"
},
{
"id": "19559345",
"text": "she is actually Arya Stark who then slits Walder's throat. Bran Stark, Meera Reed, and Benjen Stark arrive near the Wall. Benjen takes his leave, stating that the Wall's magical protection prevents the dead (and therefore, him) from being able to pass. Meera assists Bran to a weirwood tree and he re-enters the vision of Ned Stark at the Tower of Joy. Ned finds his sister Lyanna Stark covered in blood from childbirth. With her dying breath, Lyanna pleads with Ned to take care of her son, who is revealed to be Jon Snow. Daenerys Targaryen informs Daario Naharis that",
"title": "The Winds of Winter (Game of Thrones)"
},
{
"id": "16654220",
"text": "for a walker bite and lock her in a shed for safety. Clementine steals the group's supplies to treat her wound, after which they begin to accept her. While fishing with Pete and Nick the next morning, Clementine finds a murdered group of survivors and Pete gets bitten. Clementine returns to the house alone and is left with Sarah, during which a man enters the house and snoops around, questioning Clementine about the group. Clementine learns that this man is William Carver, the leader of another community and the possible father of Rebecca's child. The group agrees to abandon the",
"title": "The Walking Dead: Season Two"
},
{
"id": "16577051",
"text": "move in together. After spending a night in the basement, playing a pointless game all night with Wilfred and Bruce, Ryan breaks up with Amanda. Afterwards, the company that Ryan works for loses all its investors, and his boss commits suicide. Ryan and his mother go on a road-trip, against her doctor's orders, after her cat, Mittens, passes away. After Ryan's sister shows up to retrieve Ryan and their mentally ill mother, she goes into labor, giving birth to a boy who she names Joffrey. Jenna's career becomes a joke after her freak-out on live TV goes viral, and Wilfred",
"title": "Wilfred (U.S. season 2)"
},
{
"id": "16654222",
"text": "tyrannically. The group immediately plans an escape assisted by two other survivors, Jane and Mike. Luke warns the group of an oncoming walker horde before being captured. After Kenny takes the blame for a stolen walkie-talkie, Carver assaults him and permanently damages his left eye. While Bonnie defects from Carver, Clementine blasts a CD over the mall's intercom to draw the horde. Carver is subdued and beaten to death by Kenny with a crowbar. The group then covers themselves in walker blood to attempt their way through the horde undetected, but Carlos is devoured. As a walker bites Sarita, Clementine",
"title": "The Walking Dead: Season Two"
},
{
"id": "17332663",
"text": "where Jackson, the second-in-command, attempts to commandeer the Holo, until Katniss says that she is under secret orders from Coin to kill Snow. Katniss and most of the group escape just before a squad of Peacekeepers arrive and destroy the building, killing the Leeg twins after they had earlier stayed behind. The Capitol then broadcasts a message with Caesar Flickerman reporting Katniss's death and Snow denouncing the rebellion, which is interrupted by Coin, who delivers an impassioned eulogy for her to rally the rebels. Castor decides to have them go through the sewers to avoid being detected by Capitol forces,",
"title": "The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2"
},
{
"id": "4296163",
"text": "Greyjoys without his approval, while reminding Ramsay of his bastard parentage. Insulted, Ramsay demonstrates how effectively he has broken Theon (whom he has since renamed \"Reek\") by having Reek shave him, even after revealing Roose's murder of Robb, while also coaxing Reek into revealing he faked the deaths of Bran and Rickon Stark. After Ramsay points out that the other Northerners will turn on the Boltons if it is revealed that there is a living male Stark, Roose tasks Locke with hunting down Bran and Rickon and killing Jon Snow, Robb's bastard half-brother. Roose also sends Ramsay and Reek to",
"title": "Roose Bolton"
},
{
"id": "3735766",
"text": "to protect her son—Jon. An infographic subsequently posted on the HBO-controlled website MakingGameofThrones.com confirmed Rhaegar as Jon's father. Journalists later commented on the significance of two plot points in the season 7 episode \"Eastwatch\". One of Daenerys Targaryen's dragons, Drogon, approaches Jon calmly and allows the King in the North to pet him, seemingly recognizing him as a Targaryen. Later, Gilly learns from a book at the Citadel that a High Septon annulled Rhaegar's marriage, and married him to someone else in Dorne, suggesting the possibility that Jon is the legitimate son of Rhaegar and Lyanna. The season 7 finale",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "19078107",
"text": "loveless marriage and manipulated the Genie into killing her husband. She would later trap him inside her mirror so that she could spy upon her enemies. The following day, she hired the Huntsman to kill Snow White. After the Huntsman compassionately spared Snow, Regina took his heart and made him into her personal huntsman. Over the next several years, Regina terrorized the kingdom, longing to find Snow and kill her once and for all. Her tyrannical nature earned her the nickname the Evil Queen. Before he was to be executed by King George, Regina captured Prince Charming, a former shepherd",
"title": "Regina Mills"
},
{
"id": "6831340",
"text": "the dressing room, Megumi is suddenly pinned to the floor, and a flashback reveals she is mirroring a dying Kayako. Kayako then kills Megumi. Tomoka hears disturbing noises in her apartment, namely something banging against the wall every night at 12:27am. Her boyfriend Noritaka Yamashita goes to Tomoka’s apartment on the night after filming. When Tomoka arrives home, she finds he has been hanged by a curtain of black hair and is being pushed against the wall by Toshio, creating the banging noise. Kayako hangs Tomoka too, who dies exactly at 12:27am. In the present, Masashi comes out of his",
"title": "Ju-on: The Grudge 2"
},
{
"id": "8089023",
"text": "sends the baby with Gilly, Samwell Tarly and Maester Aemon to Oldtown, to prevent Melisandre from burning the baby to perform fire magic. When Stannis orders Mance Rayder to be burned alive for deserting the Night's Watch, she uses her magic to secretly switch Mance's identity with Rattleshirt's, another wildling raider, resulting in Rattleshirt being burned instead. She later reveals this to Jon Snow, and sends Mance to Winterfell with six spearwives to rescue \"Arya Stark\" (actually Sansa Stark's handmaiden Jeyne Poole) from Ramsay Bolton. Melisandre remains at the Wall while Stannis marches on Winterfell. Noting that her powers are",
"title": "Melisandre"
},
{
"id": "7287937",
"text": "by a giant carrot, implying that Jack is still alive. After the credits roll, we're shown that Joe and Marla were accidentally left in the freezer by Sam and Anne, and it's implied that the couple froze to death there. In December 2016, writer and director Michael Cooney revealed there were plans for a second sequel in the series, which would have featured a giant Jack Frost known as \"Jackzilla\". The film would have picked up a decade following the ending of the second film, with a giant Jack Frost letting loose on a city causing destruction and mayhem. Cooney",
"title": "Jack Frost 2: Revenge of the Mutant Killer Snowman"
},
{
"id": "18188319",
"text": "escapes capture but his son Dormund is killed by Ser Richard Horpe. With Mance a captive at Castle Black, Tormund becomes the leader of many free folk beyond the Wall. He is forced to kill one of his sons, Torwynd, who dies from a chill and later rises as a wight. Tormund's daughter Munda marries Longspear Ryk, much to his chagrin. Jon Snow, now Lord Commander of the Night's Watch, and other officers expect that Tormund will besiege the undermanned Wall again. Jon sends Mance Rayder's sister-in-law Val to find Tormund and bring an offer of peace to him, who",
"title": "Tormund Giantsbane"
},
{
"id": "16385614",
"text": "has helped tremendously with taking care of the boys since Rosie's death, Stan allows her to stay with them. Terry, in the meantime, tries to save her relationship with married Seattle businessman Michael Ames. He eventually spurns her, vowing not to leave his wife. Mitch returns home after learning Rosie had discovered Stan was not her biological father and had visited the actual one. The man told Mitch that Rosie had spoken of leaving home. All three storylines merge when the detectives trace the access card, not to the mayor's office, but to Richmond's main office. Two people become prime",
"title": "The Killing (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "7287934",
"text": "to a shed, where he sees that Jack has spit up many, many snowball children. He calls the others and tells them what he has seen, but before leaving he is attacked and devoured by the tiny snowmen. Sam, in panic since the antifreeze does not work, is pushed to the side as Anne takes charge in order get Joe and the Colonel to go around the island to trap as many of the snowmen as they can until the supply boat (which is coming to the island to drop off more supplies) comes, while Bobby, Marla and Sam wait",
"title": "Jack Frost 2: Revenge of the Mutant Killer Snowman"
},
{
"id": "16429572",
"text": "What Is Dead May Never Die \"What Is Dead May Never Die\" is the third episode of the second season of HBO's medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", first airing on April 15, 2012. The episode is written by Bryan Cogman and directed by Alik Sakharov, who worked previously as the director of photography on four season one episodes. The plot continues events built up in previous episodes: the aftermath of Jon Snow's investigation into Craster, Catelyn Stark's journey to the Stormlands in order to ask for Renly Baratheon's assistance in fighting the Lannisters, Theon's internal conflict as to",
"title": "What Is Dead May Never Die"
},
{
"id": "8089022",
"text": "assassinate her before Melisandre sees the plot in her flames and has him arrested. She attempts to persuade Stannis to sacrifice his bastard nephew Edric Storm to awaken stone dragons beneath Dragonstone. Stannis refuses, but allows her to leech him and burns the leeches to curse Stannis' rivals: Balon Greyjoy, Robb Stark, and Joffrey Baratheon. All three die in various circumstances soon after, but Davos smuggles Edric to Lys, fearing he will be sacrificed. Melisandre then accompanies Stannis and Davos to the Wall to defeat Mance Rayder's wildling host. Jon Snow swaps Mance Rayder's baby son with Gilly's baby, and",
"title": "Melisandre"
},
{
"id": "12769052",
"text": "Jane believes has been planted by Red John or one of his accomplices. With Jane's help, Hightower stages a hostile escape and is advised by Jane to remain in hiding, not only to evade the police but due to the danger imposed by Red John. Hightower goes to stay with her sister. In the season 3 finale, \"Strawberries and Cream - Part 2\", the mole is identified as Grace Van Pelt's fiancé, FBI Agent Craig O'Laughlin (played by Eric Winter); O'Laughlin attempts to assassinate Hightower and instead shoots Lisbon, and is then himself shot dead by Hightower and Van Pelt",
"title": "Red John"
},
{
"id": "3249906",
"text": "superhumans. All of the Rangers are killed except the single survivor later executed by Eddard Stark for desertion. Jon Snow, the bastard son of Eddard Stark, is inspired by his uncle, Benjen Stark, to join the Night's Watch, but becomes disillusioned when he discovers that its primary use is that of a penal colony for criminals, meant to keep \"wildlings\", human tribesmen in relative anarchy north of the Wall, in check. Tyrion, who comes to the Wall with Jon for a visit, talks with the Lord Commander, Jeor Mormont who tells him that a long winter is coming, the Wall",
"title": "A Game of Thrones"
},
{
"id": "14337494",
"text": "to the Iron Islands), where Sansa's half-brother Jon Snow has just resigned as Lord Commander. At Castle Black she encounters Stannis' former advisors Davos Seaworth and Melisandre and mockingly informs them that she killed Stannis and still blames them for their part in Renly's death. Also, a wilding, Tormund Giantsbane, takes a liking to Brienne, which she finds bothersome. Brienne escorts Sansa to meet with Littlefinger, who reveals that Sansa's great-uncle Brynden \"Blackfish\" Tully has captured House Tully's home Riverrun from the Freys. When Jon and Sansa leave Castle Black to gather men to overthrow Ramsay Bolton, Sansa sends Brienne",
"title": "Brienne of Tarth"
},
{
"id": "16654226",
"text": "with Jane, Kenny, and AJ as they are heading north, the others having run off. The road is blocked amid a blinding blizzard and Kenny leaves to look for a way around. Jane tries to convince Clementine to abandon Kenny with her, but the two are separated by a walker horde. As Clementine regroups with Kenny, Jane arrives without AJ. As an enraged Kenny attacks and prepares to stab Jane, Clementine must decide whether to shoot and kill Kenny or allow him to kill Jane. If Clementine kills Kenny, she then learns that Jane hid AJ in a nearby car",
"title": "The Walking Dead: Season Two"
},
{
"id": "13420966",
"text": "remorse for mistakenly killing Opie's wife Donna. In one scene, he attempts to reach out emotionally and comfort Opie by telling him about a girlfriend he had lost years before. He shows sympathy again later in the season 2, when the Triads offer to give Chuck Marstein back to SAMCRO, but Clay refuses. Knowing the Triads will just kill Chuck, Tig shows a sudden soft side and offers to help him and set him up as the bookkeeper at Luann's studio. Clay looks surprised, but lets it go. In episode \"Balm\", Tig eats hallucinogenic mushrooms and is seen in a",
"title": "Tig Trager"
},
{
"id": "16514471",
"text": "Talisa also wishes the same, and the two consummate their relationship. Jon Snow is presented to the Lord of Bones by Ygritte and her companions. The Lord of Bones wants Jon killed, but Ygritte convinces him otherwise by saying that Mance Rayder will want to meet Eddard Stark's bastard son. Qhorin Halfhand, who was also captured, tells Jon he should pretend to defect to Mance's army so the Night's Watch can learn about Mance's plans. To make Jon's defection look real, Qhorin starts a fight with Jon. At the Fist of the First Men, Samwell Tarly and Grenn discover an",
"title": "The Prince of Winterfell"
},
{
"id": "19733562",
"text": "upon which he freezes the ocean, trapping Gerda and the others. After a confrontation between the two, Orm's reflection, referring to himself as the 'Snow King', reveals that the more he grows in power, the more Orm weakens and becomes invisible. The Snow King then unleashes his army and overwhelms Orm's friends, encasing them all in ice. Orm tries to warn Gerda but she can't see, hear or touch him and the Snow King tricks her into thinking he is the real Orm and freezes her, and Luta, then traps Orm in the mirror realm. Orm, while trapped, realizes that",
"title": "The Snow Queen 2"
},
{
"id": "16453124",
"text": "who is now disguised as a Lannister guardsman. Jaqen offers to return her past favor by offering her \"three lives\" he will claim for the Red God, as a compensation for the three lives she saved. Arya designates \"The Tickler,\" Harrenhal's cruel interrogator, as her first victim. Soon enough, he is found dead with a broken neck, and Jaqen signals to Arya that the first debt has been paid. \"The Ghost of Harrenhal\" is the fifth episode of the second season written by the two showrunners David Benioff and D.B. Weiss, and the fifteenth in the whole series. The script",
"title": "The Ghost of Harrenhal"
},
{
"id": "18827363",
"text": "would be accomplished, narratively, by getting rid of Jon permanently right now?\" Both before and after these announcements, viewers have speculated that Jon Snow might have survived his stabbing and there are many fan theories on how he might have accomplished this, including spiritually possessing his direwolf's body or being brought back to life by Melisandre. When jokingly asked during a panel if Kit Harington would ever get to play a warg (human who has possessed the body of an animal), Weiss replied with, \"Two words for you: Season 6.\" In July 2015, photos of Kit Harington arriving in Belfast—where",
"title": "Mother's Mercy"
},
{
"id": "2917969",
"text": "again. The King's new and second wife is very beautiful, but she is also a wicked and vain woman who becomes the new and second Queen, and Snow White's stepmother. She owns a magic mirror, which one day informs her that her young stepdaughter Princess Snow White has surpassed her in beauty. After deciding to eliminate Snow White, the Queen orders her Huntsman to take the princess into the forest and kill her. The Queen tells him to bring back Snow White's lungs and liver, as proof that the princess is dead. However, the Huntsman takes pity on Snow White,",
"title": "Evil Queen"
},
{
"id": "3735795",
"text": "first seems to fail, Jon suddenly awakens. After hanging Thorne, Olly, Bowen Marsh, and Othell Yarwyck for their treason in \"Oathbreaker\", Jon gives command of the Watch to Edd and prepares to leave Castle Black. In \"Book of the Stranger\", he is reunited with his half-sister Sansa Stark, who has fled her abusive husband Ramsay Bolton and now seeks Jon's aid in crushing the Boltons. Jon is hesitant until a threatening message arrives from Ramsay demanding Sansa's return, and announcing Ramsay's possession of their brother Rickon. Jon, Sansa, Davos, Tormund, and Brienne of Tarth set off to recruit an army",
"title": "Jon Snow (character)"
},
{
"id": "17332664",
"text": "having Pollux show the way down. While entering the sewers, Capitol officials witness the intrusion by CCTV; upon discovering this, Snow orders a set of genetically engineered creatures called \"mutts\" to ambush the group. Jackson, Castor, and Homes are killed as the squad flees through the sewers. Finnick fights off the mutts with his trident and pocket-knife to allow the rest of the team to escape, but they overwhelm him. Katniss sets the Holo's self-destruct, killing the remaining mutts, and Finnick to give him a merciful death. While running from pursuing Peacekeepers, Messalla is vaporized by a pod. The surviving",
"title": "The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2"
},
{
"id": "4296304",
"text": "and Rickon Stark. Theon's men are unable to recapture the two and Theon kills two farm boys to pass their bodies off as those of the Stark boys, an act he soon feels guilty for. Theon asks his sister Yara to bring 500 men as reinforcements, but instead she arrives with a paltry force to warn Theon of his unstable position and to return to the Iron Islands. Theon refuses, and soon afterwards Winterfell is besieged by men of House Bolton commanded by (the then unnamed) Ramsay Snow, bastard son of Lord Roose Bolton. Theon attempts to rally his men",
"title": "Theon Greyjoy"
},
{
"id": "15553949",
"text": "Arryn, The Hand of The King, is tended to by the Silent Sisters. They discuss whether he revealed any dangerous information regarding the two of them to anyone before his death. Jaime assures his sister that if Arryn had spoken to anyone, they would already have been executed. The Starks of Winterfell are introduced, including Lord Eddard \"Ned\" Stark, his wife, Lady Catelyn \"Cat\" Stark and his five children: heir Robb, elder daughter Sansa, younger daughter Arya, ten-year-old son Bran and youngest son, Rickon. Also introduced are Ned's illegitimate son Jon Snow and ward Theon Greyjoy. Ned is informed that",
"title": "Winter Is Coming"
},
{
"id": "17610141",
"text": "killing the King, she recruits the Huntsman to kill Snow, but he ends up sparing her for her selflessness. Snow then lives in the forest, meeting Prince David while robbing him who she nicknames Charming. The pair fall in love, but he returns to his fiancée Princess Abigail, though the Evil Queen holds him captive. In exchange for Charming's life, Snow eats an apple from the Queen containing a sleeping curse. Charming breaks free of his imprisonment and awakens her with true love's kiss. The two are later married. During the wedding the Evil Queen announces her curse to destroy",
"title": "Mary Margaret Blanchard"
},
{
"id": "18558239",
"text": "current, causing Oliver to believe that she died once again. However, Sara was found by Nyssa al Ghul who took her to Nanda Parbat. She and Nyssa became lovers, and Sara became a deadly fighter with the League of Assassins under the name \"Ta-er al-Sahfer\", roughly translated to \"Yellow Bird\" or \"Canary\" from Arabic. In season two, Sara returns to Starling City after a six year absence as \"The Canary\" to protect her family. In keeping with a promise, she also befriends wayward teenager Sin and watches over her. Oliver manages to capture and unmask The Canary, revealing Sara to",
"title": "Sara Lance"
},
{
"id": "19027937",
"text": "Idar Vetelsen, a doctor working at a clinic all the current victims had visited. Birte's cell phone begins transmitting again, and the signal is traced to Vetelsen's house. When the police raid it, they find Vetelsen dead of a shotgun blast to the head, along with the remains of Birte and another victim named Hegen Dahl. Katrine begins to seduce Støp at a fundraiser event, and he asks her to meet him in his hotel room. She sets a trap for him inside, but she is attacked and drugged by a masked figure who severs her right finger and uses",
"title": "The Snowman (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18903437",
"text": "Middleton University, selects five students to intern at her firm: Wes Gibbins, Connor Walsh, Michaela Pratt, Asher Millstone, and Laurel Castillo—along with Annalise's employees Frank Delfino and Bonnie Winterbottom, an associate lawyer. The first nine episodes focuses on Annalise's case of Caleb and Catherine Hapstall, and their alleged involvement in the death of their adoptive parents. Wes in the meantime, teams up with Rebecca's foster brother to try and find Rebecca. Connor struggles with his relationship with Oliver, while Asher works with A.D.A. Emily Sinclair in order to protect his secrets. In the mid-season finale, Emily Sinclair is murdered, and",
"title": "How to Get Away with Murder (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "13691539",
"text": "novels. Taking place a month after the first-season finale, Dexter has been unable to kill anyone due to Sgt. James Doakes monitoring his activities and his sister Debra now living with him as she recovers from her traumatic experiences concerning Brian, the Ice Truck Killer. Dexter also realizes that he's having trouble killing even when he has the opportunity, due to feelings of guilt over killing his brother Brian. Rita doubts Dexter's reliability and honesty after finding evidence that he set up her husband Paul to be returned to prison. After her husband dies in a prison fight, Rita confronts",
"title": "Dexter (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "16429591",
"text": "an A-. What Is Dead May Never Die \"What Is Dead May Never Die\" is the third episode of the second season of HBO's medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", first airing on April 15, 2012. The episode is written by Bryan Cogman and directed by Alik Sakharov, who worked previously as the director of photography on four season one episodes. The plot continues events built up in previous episodes: the aftermath of Jon Snow's investigation into Craster, Catelyn Stark's journey to the Stormlands in order to ask for Renly Baratheon's assistance in fighting the Lannisters, Theon's internal conflict",
"title": "What Is Dead May Never Die"
},
{
"id": "16378555",
"text": "Her husband and son were killed at home in the bombings during the invasion. In the first season, Anne Glass is the 2nd Mass doctor. Before the invasion, Glass was a pediatrician. She forms a close bond with Tom Mason and his three sons Hal, Ben and Matt. Her husband and young son were killed during the attacks. Anne begins to remove Harnesses from the captured kids and saves Tom's son, Ben. She tries to communicate with a captured Skitter, before killing it silently by taking advantage of the \"soft palate\" in the back of the Skitter's mouth. While Anne",
"title": "Anne Glass"
},
{
"id": "8353091",
"text": "is actually Brian Moser, Dexter's biological brother — then kidnaps her to reveal himself to Dexter. He binds her to a table in the same manner that Dexter kills his victims, while Dexter and Brian discuss her fate. Dexter ultimately saves her life, and reluctantly kills Brian to keep her safe. Debra is frail at the start of season two, still recovering from her ordeal with the Ice Truck Killer; she feels that she is not a good detective because she didn't spot that her fiancé was a serial killer. However, FBI agent Frank Lundy (Keith Carradine) reassures her otherwise",
"title": "Debra Morgan"
},
{
"id": "18825513",
"text": "her mother had been abandoned by his father Benny. The two become close and Kelly is shown to be very protective of her. In the episode \"Tonight's The Night\" of season 2, Katie is kidnapped and Severide tries to find her in the following episodes. After she is found, she leaves for Colorado. When Katie's kidnapper disappears, Severide becomes a suspect. However, Benny Severide is revealed to be responsible but is let off by Detective Voight after Benny explained himself. In Season 3, Severide is plunged into grief with Shay's death during a call (later discovered to be murder and",
"title": "Kelly Severide"
},
{
"id": "2682348",
"text": "royal seal ring at his feet demanding the full truth. A confused Nyssa picks up the ring and Damaskinos comfirms that Nomak is in fact his son. Scud turns out to be a familiar loyal to Damaskinos, who also works with Reinhardt. Blade turns the table on Scud, saying he always knew of Scud's true allegiance, and kills him with the bomb he had placed on Reinhardt, earlier. Damaskinos then orders his scientists to dissect Blade so they can learn how to replicate his abilities. Nyssa confronts Damaskinos about his lies to her regarding Nomak and the Bloodpack. Damaskinos states",
"title": "Blade II"
},
{
"id": "19733560",
"text": "Princess and her uncle, the King, Orm lies about defeating the Snow Queen. However, Gerda, who had arrived at the village with her brother Kai and friend Alfida, overhear Orm's lies, leading to an argument between the two that culminates in Gerda leaving. Later, as Orm and Rosa are moving into the King's palace, the King says he feels as if he has seen Rosa before, to which she asks if she has changed that much over the years. Suddenly the North Wind appears and abducts Princess Maribel, causing the King to decree that whoever rescues her will marry her.",
"title": "The Snow Queen 2"
},
{
"id": "16528368",
"text": "Theon Greyjoy rejects the advice of Maester Luwin to abandon the castle and join the Night's Watch, believing that Jon Snow will kill him for his betrayal. He decides to fight to the death with his men, but when he tries to rally them, Dagmer knocks Theon out. As the Ironborn drag him off to be handed to the Bolton forces in exchange for pardon, Luwin attempts to intervene and is stabbed by Dagmer. Later, Bran Stark and his party emerge from hiding to find Winterfell sacked and Luwin dying in the Godswood, where he declares his loyalty and love",
"title": "Valar Morghulis"
},
{
"id": "16654219",
"text": "refuge at Wellington, Ohio but are separated by a band of scavengers. Clementine falls unconscious into a river and finds a seemingly abandoned camp with a dog. The dog turns violent when Clementine finds food and bites her before being put down. A dazed Clementine is then surrounded by a horde of walkers but is saved by Pete and Luke, who take her to their group of survivors. The group, led by Luke, includes Pete and his nephew Nick, Alvin and his visibly pregnant wife Rebecca, and a doctor named Carlos and his daughter Sarah. The group mistake Clementine's bite",
"title": "The Walking Dead: Season Two"
},
{
"id": "18827361",
"text": "enter his neck and cut out on the frame where the blade was mid-neck. [...] we needed Ned's death to be totally unambiguous.\" Actor Kit Harington said of the scene, \"I loved it. I loved how they brought Olly in to be the person who kills me. I love how the storyline with Thorne was wrapped up.\" Although Weiss meant the scene to be unambiguous, the episode left many viewers uncertain as to whether Jon Snow had been killed or merely injured (his fate in the novels is left unconfirmed as of \"A Dance with Dragons\", with much debate about",
"title": "Mother's Mercy"
},
{
"id": "16385611",
"text": "trusting Stephen Holder, as she believes he has produced false evidence against Darren Richmond. She again puts her move to California on hold to prove Richmond's innocence. While avoiding Holder, she uncovers the truth about Richmond's location the night of Rosie Larsen's murder. That night, Richmond attempted to drown himself due to lingering grief over his wife's death; a fisherman who pulled him out of the water confirmed his story. Meanwhile, Holder learns he was a pawn in a bigger conspiracy, and his recent promotion to homicide detective had nothing to do with his police merits. The detectives reunite to",
"title": "The Killing (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "4111572",
"text": "Kingdoms. Benjen leaves Bran and Meera at the weirwood in the Haunted Forest, as the Wall's magic prevents the dead from passing. Bran touches the weirwood and witnesses the rest of the vision of Ned Stark at the Tower of Joy. He discovers that Lyanna Stark died giving birth to Rhaegar Targaryen's son Aegon, who Ned found and raised as Jon Snow at Lyanna's dying request. Bran returns to Winterfell, which has been rebuilt and reoccupied by the remaining Starks. Although Jon has traveled to Dragonstone to meet with Daenerys Targaryen, he is reunited with Sansa and Arya, both of",
"title": "Bran Stark"
},
{
"id": "16385617",
"text": "to participate in a murder even if it meant he could not start his own company and leave his wife. During the argument, Terry went to the idling campaign car and shifted it into gear, causing it to go into the lake. Screams could be heard from the trunk of the car. The detectives learn of Terry's involvement after realizing that her car was the one seen dropping Ames off at home after the fact. They question her in the Larsen house with Rosie's parents present. She breaks down and confesses that she did not know it was Rosie whom",
"title": "The Killing (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "16385618",
"text": "Jamie had locked in the trunk of that car. The season ends with Terry being arrested, the Larsens moving to a new house after viewing a video of Rosie happily preparing to leave town, new-Mayor Richmond accepting the support of Ames and Jackson, and the detectives getting a call about a new case, with which Sarah decides not to help. Series developer Veena Sud also served as executive producer and showrunner of the second season, she wrote two episodes, the season premiere and co-writing the season finale. The rest of the writing staff consisted of co-executive producers Dawn Prestwich and",
"title": "The Killing (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "16501727",
"text": "a planted Bouncing Betty, but the second Viet Cong is killed when it pops up. The two Waffen SS make their way to a small river. As one of them tries to cross, he trips a wire and activates the POMZ-2 mine which kills him. The other Nazi jumps across the river and kills an oncoming Viet Cong soldier with his MP 28 as he approaches the river. Meanwhile, the German leader kills one of the two remaining Viet Cong members with his Mauser pistol and then makes his way across a small bridge over the river. The Viet Cong",
"title": "Deadliest Warrior (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "17928441",
"text": "Roose dispatches Locke to find and kill Bran and Rickon, who pose a threat to his new position as Warden of the North. Ramsay suggests that they also find and eliminate Jon Snow, who has Stark blood in him and will also likely oppose the Boltons. Roose also orders Ramsay, along with Reek, to capture Moat Cailin, implying that he will reward Ramsay by legitimizing him as a true Bolton. Bran, while using his abilities as a warg, sees through the eyes of his direwolf, Summer, and kills a doe. Awoken by the voice of Hodor, he is then reminded",
"title": "The Lion and the Rose"
}
] | who does jon snow kill in season 2 |
[
"broadcasting and telecommunications"
] | [
{
"id": "74618",
"text": "this group were: The CRTC regulates all Canadian broadcasting and telecommunications activities and enforces rules it creates to carry out the policies assigned to it; the best-known of these is probably the Canadian content rules. The CRTC reports to the Parliament of Canada through the Minister of Canadian Heritage, which is responsible for the Broadcasting Act, and has an informal relationship with Industry Canada, which is responsible for the Telecommunications Act. Provisions in these two acts, along with less-formal instructions issued by the federal cabinet known as orders-in-council, represent the bulk of the CRTC's jurisdiction. In many cases, such as",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "6814396",
"text": "Telecommunications Act (Canada) The Telecommunications Act of 1993 is an Act of the Parliament of Canada that regulates telecommunications by ensuring reliable services, protecting privacy, and to protect and encourage the Canadian media. The Act is administered by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) which reports to Industry Canada. It replaced the \"Railway Act\" of 1906, which governed telecommunication prior to 1993, making it the first full legislative scheme addressing telecommunications. Among its stipulations are prescient regulations that in spirit follow the general principles of net neutrality decades before the telecommunications concept arose as a matter of public debate",
"title": "Telecommunications Act (Canada)"
},
{
"id": "74616",
"text": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC; ) is a public organization in Canada with mandate as a regulatory agency for broadcasting and telecommunications. It was created in 1976 when it took over responsibility for regulating telecommunication carriers. Prior to 1976, it was known as the Canadian Radio and Television Commission, which was established in 1968 by the Parliament of Canada to replace the Board of Broadcast Governors. Its headquarters is located in the Central Building (Édifice central) of Les Terrasses de la Chaudière in Gatineau, Quebec. The CRTC was originally known as the Canadian",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "74635",
"text": "the CRTC's decisions rely more on a more judiciary process relying on evidence submitted during public consultations, rather than along party lines as the American FCC is prone to do. The CRTC Interconnection Steering Committee (CISC) assists in developing information, procedures and guidelines for the CRTC's regulatory activities. Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC; ) is a public organization in Canada with mandate as a regulatory agency for broadcasting and telecommunications. It was created in 1976 when it took over responsibility for regulating telecommunication carriers. Prior to 1976, it was known as the Canadian",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "74634",
"text": "not without flagrantly violating provisions against unreasonable search and seizure in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Some observers argued that this influenced the CRTC's June 2005 decision to ease Canadian content restrictions on satellite radio (see above). The CRTC is run by up to 13 full-time (including the chairman, the vice-chairman of broadcasting, and the vice-chairman of telecommunications) appointed by the Cabinet for renewable terms of up to five years. However, unlike the more directly political appointees of the American Federal Communications Commission, the CRTC is an arms-length regulatory body with more autonomous authority over telecommunications. For example,",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "74621",
"text": "call signs, managing the broadcast spectrum, and regulating other technical issues such as interference with electronics equipment. The CRTC has in the past regulated the prices cable television broadcast distributors are allowed to charge. In most major markets, however, prices are no longer regulated due to increased competition for broadcast distribution from satellite television. The CRTC also regulates which channels broadcast distributors must or may offer. Per the Broadcasting Act the commission also gives priority to Canadian signals—many non-Canadian channels which compete with Canadian channels are thus not approved for distribution in Canada. The CRTC argues that allowing free trade",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "61624",
"text": "have a combined 91% of market share. Federally, telecommunications are overseen by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission ()–CRTC as outlined under the provisions of both the Telecommunications Act and Radiocommunication Acts. CRTC further works with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (formerly Industry Canada) on various technical aspects including: allocating frequencies and call signs, managing the broadcast spectrum, and regulating other technical issues such as interference with electronics equipment. As Canada comprises a part of the North American Numbering Plan for area codes, the Canadian Numbering Administration Consortium within Canada is responsible for allocating and managing area codes in",
"title": "Telecommunications in Canada"
},
{
"id": "6138492",
"text": "Canadian Broadcast Standards Council The Canadian Broadcast Standards Council is an industry funded self-regulating organization created by the Canadian Association of Broadcasters to administer standards established by its own members, Canada's private broadcasters. The council's membership includes more than 760 private sector radio and television stations, specialty services and networks from across Canada, programming in English, French and third languages. As such, the council allows the private broadcasting industry to be self-regulating; it acts as an intermediary in the regulatory process, which is governed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). The CRTC itself generally hears complaints against only",
"title": "Canadian Broadcast Standards Council"
},
{
"id": "74619",
"text": "the cabinet-directed prohibition on foreign ownership for broadcasters and the legislated principle of the predominance of Canadian content, these acts and orders often leave the CRTC less room to change policy than critics sometimes suggest, and the result is that the commission is often the lightning rod for policy criticism that could arguably be better directed at the government itself. Complaints against broadcasters, such as concerns around offensive programming, are dealt with by the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council (CBSC), an independent broadcast industry association, rather than by the CRTC, although CBSC decisions can be appealed to the CRTC if necessary.",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "663269",
"text": "with cable and satellite television now regulated by the FCC under Title VI of the Communications Act. Congress added Title VI in the Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984, and made substantial modifications to Title VI in the Cable Television and Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992. Further modifications to promote cross-modal competition (telephone, video, etc.) were made in the Telecommunications Act of 1996, leading to the current regulatory structure. Broadcast television and radio stations are subject to FCC regulations including restrictions against indecency or obscenity. The Supreme Court has repeatedly held, beginning soon after the passage of the",
"title": "Federal Communications Commission"
},
{
"id": "12254125",
"text": "body, The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), with the open support of the current federal government under Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. Canadian laws for this concept are considered the strictest in the world. In Canada, under the Federal Telecommunications Act of 1993, internet providers are considered utilities which are subject to regulations which in spirit predate later debates about net neutrality that state that service providers can't give \"undue or unreasonable preference,\" nor can they influence the content being transmitted over their networks. Furthermore, the CRTC, unlike the more directly political appointees of the American Federal Communications Commission (FCC),",
"title": "Net neutrality in Canada"
},
{
"id": "8060340",
"text": "Broadcasting Act (1991) The Broadcasting Act (long title: \"An Act respecting broadcasting and to amend certain Acts in relation thereto and in relation to radiocommunication\") is an Act of the Parliament of Canada regarding broadcasting of radiocommunications. The Act was given royal assent on February 1, 1991. A prior version of the Broadcasting Act received royal assent on June 23, 1936; it was subsequently updated in 1958 and 1968. The 1958 Act created the Board of Broadcast Governors (BBG) to replace the CBC as the regulatory for broadcasting in Canada and in 1968 the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)",
"title": "Broadcasting Act (1991)"
},
{
"id": "74628",
"text": "blamed for the current state of the mobile phone industry in Canada, in which there are only three national mobile network operators – Bell Mobility, Telus Mobility, and Rogers Wireless – as well as a handful of MVNOs operating on these networks. In fact, the commission has very little to do with the regulation of mobile phone service, outside of \"undue preference\" issues (for example, a carrier offering a superior rate or service to some subscribers and not others without a good reason). It does not regulate service rates, service quality, or other business practices, and commission approval is not",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "74630",
"text": "license. Usually this takes the form of a public process, where interested parties can express their concerns and sometimes including a public hearing, followed by a commission decision. While landline and mobile telephone providers must also be majority-owned by Canadians under the federal Telecommunications Act, the CRTC is not responsible for enforcement of this provision. In fact, the commission does not require licences at all for telephone companies, and CRTC approval is therefore not generally required for the sale of a telephone company, unless said company also owns a broadcast licence. Since 1987, the CRTC has been involved in several",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "74617",
"text": "Radio-Television Commission. In 1976, jurisdiction over telecommunications services, most of which were then delivered by monopoly common carriers (for example, telephone companies), was transferred to it from the Canadian Transport Commission although the abbreviation CRTC remained the same. On the telecom side, the CRTC originally regulated only privately held common carriers: Other telephone companies, many of which were publicly owned and entirely within a province's borders, were regulated by provincial authorities until court rulings during the 1990s affirmed federal jurisdiction over the sector, which also included some fifty small independent incumbents, most of them in Ontario and Quebec. Notable in",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "74629",
"text": "necessary for wireless provider sales or mergers as in the broadcasting industry. Moreover, it does not deal with the availability of spectrum for mobile phone service, which is part of the Industry Canada mandate, nor the maintenance of competition, which is largely the responsibility of The Competition Bureau. Any transfer of more than 30% of the ownership of a broadcasting licence (including cable/satellite distribution licences) requires advance approval of the commission. One condition normally taken into account in such a decision is the level of foreign ownership; federal regulations require that Canadian citizens ultimately own a majority of a broadcast",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "13663169",
"text": "Media ownership in Canada Media ownership in Canada is governed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), with respect to audiovisual media and telecom networks, and other agencies with more specific jurisdiction, in the case of non-broadcast media -- like the Competition Bureau, with respect to competition matters, and Department of Canadian Heritage regarding foreign investment in the cultural sector. The CRTC implements the policies of the Broadcasting Act and the Telecommunications Act within Canada but, because its jurisdiction is limited to these, does not regulate the ownership of newspapers or of non-audiovisual Internet activity, although it has taken",
"title": "Media ownership in Canada"
},
{
"id": "8060341",
"text": "was created to replace the BBG. The current federal Broadcasting Act is based on the 1968 Act with amendments in 1991. The stated goal of the Act is to maintain Canada's cultural fabric — thereby strengthening its economic, political and social structures. The Broadcasting Act covers three main sections: a broadcasting policy for Canada; the regulatory powers of the CRTC; and the operating procedures and policies for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The Act imposes a Canadian owned and controlled system of broadcasting, and includes provisions regarding Canadian content in programming and production. It encourages the development of Canadian expression, and",
"title": "Broadcasting Act (1991)"
},
{
"id": "74625",
"text": "Act the CRTC had jurisdiction over certain content communicated over the Internet including audio and video, but excluding content that is primarily alphanumeric such as emails and most webpages. It also issued an exemption order committing to a policy of non-interference. In May 2011, in response to the increase presence of Over-the-Top (OTT) programming, the CRTC put a call out to the public to provide input on the impact OTT programming is having on Canadian content and existing broadcasting subscriptions through satellite and cable. On October 5, 2011 the CRTC released their findings that included consultations with stakeholders from the",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "5267883",
"text": "most cases issues licences for each such operation. The CRTC issues licences pursuant to Canadian laws and the Commission's own regulations and conditions of licence, which regulate such matters as Canadian content, domestic ownership and accessibility issues such as closed captioning. Among other regulations, all Canadian broadcasters and distributors must be at least 80% owned and controlled by Canadian citizens; also, all conventional stations, and most established specialty services, are required to air a majority of Canadian content, both throughout its schedule and in its primetime schedule. Industry Canada regulates the technical aspects of broadcast stations and certain aspects of",
"title": "Television in Canada"
},
{
"id": "663251",
"text": "Federal Communications Commission The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of the United States government created by statute ( and ) to regulate interstate communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable. The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, the spectrum, the media, public safety and homeland security, and modernizing itself. The FCC was formed by the Communications Act of 1934 to replace the radio regulation functions of the Federal Radio Commission. The FCC took over wire communication regulation from the Interstate Commerce Commission. The FCC's mandated jurisdiction covers the 50 states, the",
"title": "Federal Communications Commission"
},
{
"id": "6814397",
"text": "with the rise of the internet as a common telecommunications system. For instance, internet providers are considered utilities under this law in that they can't give \"undue or unreasonable preference,\" nor can they influence the content being transmitted over their networks. In November 2005, an amendment was passed to allow for the creation of a national Do-not-call list under section 41. Telecommunications Act (Canada) The Telecommunications Act of 1993 is an Act of the Parliament of Canada that regulates telecommunications by ensuring reliable services, protecting privacy, and to protect and encourage the Canadian media. The Act is administered by the",
"title": "Telecommunications Act (Canada)"
},
{
"id": "74626",
"text": "telecommunications industry, media producers, and cultural leaders among others. The evidence was inconclusive, suggesting that an increased availability of OTT options is not having a negative impact on the availability or diversity of Canadian content, one of the key policy mandates of the CRTC, nor are there signs that there has been a significant decline of televisions subscriptions through cable or satellite. However, given the rapid progress in the industry they are working on a more in depth study to be concluded in May 2012. The CRTC does not \"directly\" regulate rates, quality of service issues, or business practices for",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "1985445",
"text": "Trans-Pacific Partnership. Canada entered into the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a multilateral free trade agreement, in October 2012. The CRTC, originally established in 1968, is charged with enforcing the Broadcasting Act of Canada. The Broadcast Act declares: It is from these requirements, set down in Section 3 of the Broadcasting Act, that obligates the CRTC enforce Canadian content requirements. Other countries employ similar quota systems. Australian broadcasters are required to broadcast a certain percentage of Australasian content. Similar domestic content quota laws also exist in the Philippines, Mexico, Nigeria, Israel, South Africa, Jamaica, Venezuela, Russia, and New Zealand. Quotas also apply in",
"title": "Canadian content"
},
{
"id": "7524020",
"text": "Capital Cities Communications Inc v Canadian Radio-Television Commission Capital Cities Communications v. CRTC (1977), [1978] 2 S.C.R. 141 is a Supreme Court of Canada decision on the legislative jurisdiction of cable television. Chief Justice Laskin, writing for the majority of the Court, held that all television, even where exclusively produced and distributed within the province, fell within the definition of a federal undertaking under section 92(10)(a) of the \"Constitution Act, 1867\". Rogers Cable provided a subscription service for American television programs. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), a federal regulatory agency, required television broadcasters such as Rogers to remove",
"title": "Capital Cities Communications Inc v Canadian Radio-Television Commission"
},
{
"id": "74627",
"text": "Internet service providers. However, the CRTC does continually monitor the sector and associated trends. Third Party ISP Access refers to a ruling forcing Cable operators (MSO) to offer Internet access to third party resellers. The commission currently has some jurisdiction over the provision of local landline telephone service in Canada. This is largely limited to the major incumbent carriers, such as Bell Canada and Telus, for traditional landline service (but not Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)). It has begun the gradual deregulation of such services where, in the commission's opinion, a sufficient level of competition exists. The CRTC is sometimes",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "74632",
"text": "made it relatively easy for almost anyone to maintain an account in good standing, regardless of where they actually live. Sec. 9(1)(c) of the Radiocommunication Act creates a prohibition against all decoding of encrypted programming signals, followed by an exception where authorization is received from the person holding the lawful right in Canada to transmit and authorize decoding of the signal. This means receiving the encrypted programming of DishNetwork or DirecTV, even with a grey market subscription, may be construed as unlawful (this remains an unresolved Constitutional issue). Notwithstanding, possession of DishNetwork or DirecTV equipment is not unlawful as provided",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "5327807",
"text": "studio in case of incapacitation of the main facility. Since radio waves go over borders, international agreements control radio transmissions. In European countries like Germany, often the national Post Office is the regulating authority. In the United States, broadcast and industrial transmitters are regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In Canada, technical aspects of broadcast and radio transmitters are controlled by Industry Canada, but broadcast content is regulated separately by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). In Australia transmitters, spectrum, and content are controlled by the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA). The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) helps",
"title": "Broadcast transmitter"
},
{
"id": "588721",
"text": "for general coverage shortwave receivers with single-sideband capability, and VHF/UHF scanners which could tune to the maritime or land mobile radiotelephone bands. Beginning in 1982, in response to a Canadian court's finding that all unscrambled radio signals imply a forfeiture of the right to privacy, the DOC (Department of Communications) required receiver licensing only in cases where it was necessary to ensure technical compatibility with the transmitter. Regulation SOR-89-253 (published in the 4 February 1989 issue of the \"Canada Gazette\", pages 498–502) removed the licence requirement for all radio and TV receivers. The responsibility for regulating radio spectrum affairs in",
"title": "Television licence"
},
{
"id": "13663186",
"text": "in Canada.\" Industries assessed include: The principal investigator of the project is Dwayne Winseck, a professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario. Media ownership in Canada Media ownership in Canada is governed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), with respect to audiovisual media and telecom networks, and other agencies with more specific jurisdiction, in the case of non-broadcast media -- like the Competition Bureau, with respect to competition matters, and Department of Canadian Heritage regarding foreign investment in the cultural sector. The CRTC implements the policies of the Broadcasting Act and the Telecommunications Act within Canada but, because",
"title": "Media ownership in Canada"
},
{
"id": "16704733",
"text": "\"Capital Cities Communications v. CRTC\". The Court concluded that programme content regulation is inseparable from regulating the undertaking through which programmes are received and sent on as part of the total enterprise. It appears, therefore, that the decision handed down in the \"Radio Reference\" case has subsequently been interpreted to include federal government authority to regulate all facets of the broadcasting industry,including content. Parliament, through its regulatory agency, has utilized this power in an attempt to create and maintain a national broadcasting system that would\"contribute to the development of national unity and provide for a continuing expression of Canadian identity\"",
"title": "Radio Reference"
},
{
"id": "17250113",
"text": "impeded upon public and private message transmission, especially vessels in distress. The implementation of the act generated an independent commission, the Federal Radio Commission, to determine regulatory policy for broadcasting in the United States. Designed to be short-term, the act was renewed every year until 1934. Seven years later, the Communications Act of 1934 was passed and expanded the powers of the agency by introducing the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as the permanent body to determine regulatory policy of radio and television in the United States, subject to Congressional oversight. Replacing the Federal Radio Commission, the FCC not only regulates",
"title": "Radio regulation in the United States"
},
{
"id": "12822504",
"text": "and its policy, which received royal assent on June 23, 1993, prevails over the provisions of any special Act. Some of its objectives are : Furthermore, Canada's Telecommunications Act references the Broadcasting Act which prescribes that broadcasting has an important role in Canadian sovereignty. In fact, the Canadian broadcasting system is legislated to be owned and controlled by Canadians. In this case, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), inaugurated November 2, 1936, has had the role of representing Canadians. CBC was established by the Broadcasting Act which received royal assent on June 23, 1936 (Statutes of Canada, 1 Edward VIII, Chap.",
"title": "Canadian sovereignty"
},
{
"id": "17250114",
"text": "radio and television broadcasting under the authority of Federal law, but telephone, telegraph, and cable television. A guideline included in the Communications Act, the Fairness Doctrine, was created to enforce restrictions on radio and television broadcasting until 1987. It was instituted to provide a platform for equal coverage of public issues. During the past 90 years, radio regulation has varied tremendously. In the beginning, the Department of Commerce providing minute oversight and eventually the FCC enforced harsher restrictions. It wasn't until the beginning of the 1980s that the FCC began to adopt less callous regulatory policies on broadcasters, replacing explicit",
"title": "Radio regulation in the United States"
},
{
"id": "1999387",
"text": "day which was increased over time. At its creation, Prime Minister Bennett spoke of the need for public control of radio saying: The three-man commission had a mandate to regulate, control all broadcasting in Canada as well as to create and transmit its own programming and to lease, purchase or construct stations for its dissemination. Its ability to carry out its mandate was severely restricted by the financial constraints of the Great Depression and it was forced to rely on private stations to carry its programs to much of the country. Bennett named Hector Charlesworth, editor of \"Saturday Night\" magazine,",
"title": "Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission"
},
{
"id": "8181477",
"text": "Ontario Telephone Service Commission The Ontario Telephone Service Commission (OTSC) was a quasi-judicial regulatory agency which regulated independent telephone companies (that is, those other than Bell Canada) in Ontario, Canada. It reported to the provincial legislature through the minister of transportation and communications. It served as the regulator for the independent companies until April 26, 1994, when a decision by the Supreme Court of Canada in the case Téléphone Guevremont Inc. v. Quebec (Régie des télécommunications), [1994] 1 S.C.R. 878 transferred Canada's provincially regulated telephone companies to federal jurisdiction, meaning that they would be regulated by the Canadian Radio-television and",
"title": "Ontario Telephone Service Commission"
},
{
"id": "74624",
"text": "revenue through advertising sales in spite of their inability to match the rates that the much larger American networks can afford to pay for syndicated programming. This policy is also why Canadian viewers do not see American advertisements during the Super Bowl, even when tuning into one of the many American networks carried on Canadian televisions. The CRTC also regulates radio in Canada, including community radio, where the CRTC requires that at least 15% of each station's output must be locally-produced spoken work content. In a major May 1999 decision on \"New Media\", the CRTC held that under the Broadcasting",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "74620",
"text": "However, the CRTC is also sometimes erroneously criticized for CBSC decisions — for example, the CRTC was erroneously criticized for the CBSC's decisions pertaining to the airing of Howard Stern's terrestrial radio show in Canada in the late 1990s, as well as the CBSC's controversial ruling on the Dire Straits song \"Money for Nothing\". The commission is not fully equivalent to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission, which has additional powers over technical matters, in broadcasting and other aspects of communications, in that country. In Canada, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (formerly Industry Canada) is responsible for allocating frequencies and",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "3661843",
"text": "Must-carry In cable television, governments apply a must-carry regulation stating that locally licensed television stations must be carried on a cable provider's system. Under current CRTC rules, the lowest tier of service on all Canadian television providers may not be priced higher than $25 per-month, and must include all local Canadian broadcast television channels, local legislative and educational services, and all specialty services that have 9(1)(h) must-carry status. In the mid-to-late 1970s, the CRTC implemented a rule that a cable system must carry a broadcast television station at no cost to the broadcaster so long as the transmitter emitted an",
"title": "Must-carry"
},
{
"id": "9949216",
"text": "over the Internet is not in itself a violation of Canadian copyright law. In 2007, he was appointed Chairman of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) for a five-year term. He was instrumental in removing unnecessary regulations, allowing the industry to react more quickly to market changes and consumer preferences in an era of rapid technological change. Under his leadership, the CRTC decided in 2009 to continue to exempt from its regulation broadcasting content that is distributed over the Internet and through mobile devices. In October of that year, the CRTC became the first regulator in the world to",
"title": "Konrad von Finckenstein"
},
{
"id": "8060342",
"text": "the use of Canadian talent and creative resources. There is also a specific emphasis on reflecting Canada's cultural diversity: section 3 states that programming and employment opportunities should serve the needs and interests of all Canadians, and reflect their various circumstances. The Broadcasting Act emphasizes that each broadcaster is responsible for its own programs, and that a high standard of programming is expected. There is no specific reference, however, to address violent programming or hate propaganda. The CRTC addresses issues of media violence, and hate messaging through its regulations for radio, television, specialty services and pay-television. If a broadcaster fails",
"title": "Broadcasting Act (1991)"
},
{
"id": "1999388",
"text": "as chairman of the CRBC. The other members of the Commission were Thomas Maher, an unsuccessful Quebec Conservative candidate in 1930 federal election and director of a private radio station in Quebec City and Lieutenant Colonel William Arthur Steel (1890-1968) former Chief Radio Officer with the Canadian Corps during World War I. In addition to being a creator of programming and a broadcaster, the CRBC was responsible under the \"Canadian Radio Broadcasting Act\" for regulating and controlling all broadcasting in Canada, including privately owned radio stations that did not carry CRBC programming. The CRBC's regulatory responsibilities included determining the number,",
"title": "Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission"
},
{
"id": "8060343",
"text": "to follow the Broadcasting Act policies or regulations, the CRTC may invoke a number of penalties — such as imposing fines, or limiting or denying a station's application for licence renewal. Broadcasting Act (1991) The Broadcasting Act (long title: \"An Act respecting broadcasting and to amend certain Acts in relation thereto and in relation to radiocommunication\") is an Act of the Parliament of Canada regarding broadcasting of radiocommunications. The Act was given royal assent on February 1, 1991. A prior version of the Broadcasting Act received royal assent on June 23, 1936; it was subsequently updated in 1958 and 1968.",
"title": "Broadcasting Act (1991)"
},
{
"id": "588720",
"text": "not just those for tuning in broadcasts. In 1952 the Radio Act was amended to \"exempt\" broadcast-only receivers from licensing, and the Department of Transport (DOT) was given authority to exempt other receiver types from licensing as it saw fit. DOT exempted all \"home-type\" receivers capable of receiving any radio communications other than \"public correspondence\" (a term defined as \"radio transmissions not intended to be received by just anyone but rather by a member of the public who has paid for the message\" – examples include ship-to-shore radiotelephone calls or car-phone transmissions). After 1952, licences were required in Canada only",
"title": "Television licence"
},
{
"id": "1808365",
"text": "to purchase non-Sky content. Canada has the biggest concentrated TV ownership out of all the G8 countries and it comes in second place for the most concentrated television viewers. Broadcasting and telecommunications in Canada are regulated by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), an independent governing agency that aims to serve the needs and interests of citizens, industries, interest groups and the government. The CRTC does not regulate newspapers or magazines. Apart from a relatively small number of community broadcasters, media in Canada are primarily owned by a small number of groups, including Bell Canada, the Shaw family (via",
"title": "Concentration of media ownership"
},
{
"id": "1985444",
"text": "Canadian content Canadian content (abbreviated CanCon, cancon or can-con; ) refers to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) requirements, derived from the Broadcasting Act of Canada, that radio and television broadcasters (including cable and satellite specialty channels) must air a certain percentage of content that was at least partly written, produced, presented, or otherwise contributed to by persons from Canada. It also refers to that content itself, and, more generally, to cultural and creative content that is Canadian in nature. The loss of the protective Canadian content quota requirements is one of the concerns of those opposed to the",
"title": "Canadian content"
},
{
"id": "16704734",
"text": "The Canadian content regulations are merely one aspect of the means accepted to achieve that end. Radio Reference Quebec (AG) v Canada (AG), also known as the Radio Reference, is a decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council that determined that broadcasting fell within the jurisdiction of the Parliament of Canada under the \"British North America Act, 1867\". When the \"British North America Act, 1867\" was originally drafted, broadcasting had not yet been invented. By the 1920s, Canada had already entered into international agreements on the subject, and there was intense debate as to which level of government",
"title": "Radio Reference"
},
{
"id": "588722",
"text": "Canada has devolved to a number of federal departments and agencies, beginning with the Department of Marine and Fisheries (to 1935), Department of Transport (from 1935 to 1969), Department of Communications (1969 to 1996) and most recently to Industry Canada (since 1995). China has never had a television licence fee to pay for the state broadcaster. The current state broadcaster, China Central Television (CCTV), established in 1958, is funded almost entirely through the sale of commercial advertising time, although this is supplemented by government funding and a tax of ¥2 per-month from all cable television subscribers in the country. In",
"title": "Television licence"
},
{
"id": "17137304",
"text": "Communications law Communications law refers to the regulation of electronic communications by wire or radio. It encompasses regulations governing broadcasting, telephone and telecommunications service, cable television, satellite communications, wireless telecommunications, and the Internet. Communications laws regulate the activities of a communications service provider and the use of public resources for the deployment of communications facilities and services in the following broad areas: Rules for spectrum management governing who may make transmissions over the public airwaves and under what conditions; Assignment of blocks of radio frequency for government, private, public, or commercial use by allocation or spectrum auction. Rules governing relationships",
"title": "Communications law"
},
{
"id": "9077369",
"text": "1930s from special Parliamentary Committees, the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission was disbanded. The broadcasting element of the CRBC was succeeded by what we know today as the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in 1936. The regulatory element of the CRBC eventually evolved into the Canadian Radio-Television Telecommunications Commission. Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting The Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting, otherwise known as the Aird Commission, was chaired by John Aird and examined Canada's broadcasting industry. The report released its findings in 1929 when it concluded that Canada was in need of a publicly funded radio broadcast system and a governing regulator for",
"title": "Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting"
},
{
"id": "16704732",
"text": "was correct. He noted the following reasons why the minority opinions failed: Accordingly, the appeal was dismissed. Federal jurisdiction over radio broadcasting was later held to include television broadcasting and cable television systems. However, broadcasting has been held not to include the operations of internet service providers. The question of whether federal jurisdiction over broadcasting includes control of the content of broadcasting has also been answered by the courts. In \"Re C.F.R.D. and Attorney-General of Canada et al.\", Justice Kelly affirmed the federal government's authority to regulate programme content. Chief Justice Laskin delivered the opinion of the Supreme Court in",
"title": "Radio Reference"
},
{
"id": "9077361",
"text": "Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting The Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting, otherwise known as the Aird Commission, was chaired by John Aird and examined Canada's broadcasting industry. The report released its findings in 1929 when it concluded that Canada was in need of a publicly funded radio broadcast system and a governing regulator for all broadcasting throughout the country. The Aird Report eventually resulted in the 1932 creation of the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission, the forerunner of the CBC as well as the CRTC. From 1922-1932, the radio administration came under the Department of Marine and Fisheries. With only dozens",
"title": "Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting"
},
{
"id": "20108025",
"text": "Community radio in Canada Community radio in Canada is a legally defined broadcasting category governed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). It is distinct from the other two (often better known) categories, commercial broadcasting, and public broadcasting. Community radio can be considered a subcategory of alternative media. Community radio exists worldwide and is often broadly similar around the world, however, it can have variations in the government regulations that they are required to follow, the national or regional contexts in which its developed and the specific culture, goals or methods they adhere to. Community stations broadcast content that",
"title": "Community radio in Canada"
},
{
"id": "12254126",
"text": "is a more arms-length regulatory body with more autonomous authority over telecommunications. For example, the CRTC's decisions rely more on a more judiciary process relying on evidence submitted during public consultations, rather than along party lines as the American FCC is prone to do. In 2005, when Telus blocked access to labour union blogs during an employee strike, the question of net neutrality became more prominent. In March 2006, the then Conservative government lead by then Industry Minister Maxime Bernier updated the Telecommunications Policy Objectives and Regulation with new objectives to focus on three broad goals: In February 7, 2007,",
"title": "Net neutrality in Canada"
},
{
"id": "19083417",
"text": "Spectrum Management and Telecommunications Spectrum Management and Telecommunications program is the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada that is responsible for setting radio and telecommunications standards and certifying that radio apparatus and equipment meet these standards. Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, together with representatives of the radiocommunication industry, developed the Radiocommunication Regulations. Canada's Radiocommunication Act and Radiocommunication Regulations require that manufacturers, importers, distributors and sellers must test and label radio apparatus, interference-causing equipment or radio-sensitive equipment. More specifically, equipment must be classified as Category I or II and meet all the technical standards that are required for",
"title": "Spectrum Management and Telecommunications"
},
{
"id": "3265948",
"text": "Board of Broadcast Governors The Board of Broadcast Governors (BBG) was an arms-length Government of Canada agency. It was created in 1958 by amending the \"Broadcast Act\" to regulate television and radio broadcasting, originally taking over that function from the CBC. The BBG was replaced by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission in the 1968 amendments to the 1958 Act. The board consisted of 12 members appointed by the federal government: The head of the board was the Governor. There had only been two Chairmans: In 1957, the Progressive Conservative party intended to change the makeup of the Canadian Broadcast",
"title": "Board of Broadcast Governors"
},
{
"id": "3844588",
"text": "data, consumer product price comparisons to assist consumers in achieving value for money on a fair basis. In relation to terrestrial television and radio, the commission acts in conjunction with the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland. After the enactment of the Broadcasting Act 2009 RTÉ and TG4 authorities were disbanded and now come under the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland's remit. ComReg is also tasked with enforcing wireless telegraphy legislation, in particular the Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1926, in relation to use of the radio spectrum, which includes actions against pirate radio stations, distributors of mobile phone repeaters and other unlicensed users of",
"title": "Commission for Communications Regulation"
},
{
"id": "18806136",
"text": "Radio and Television Commission, which came into being in 1957 under the government of Pedro Eugenio Aramburu. The Federal Broadcasting Committee (Comité Federal de Radiodifusión, COMFER) was formed with the National Telecommunications Law (Law 19,798), passed in 1972 during the \"de facto\" presidency of Alejandro Agustín Lanusse. When the National Broadcasting Law (Law 22,285) was passed in 1980 during the military government of Jorge Rafael Videla, COMFER retained its status as regulator. From 1980 until 2009, COMFER was run by various managers and directors, each of them named by the president. Law 22,285 specified a governing board consisting of representatives",
"title": "Federal Authority for Audiovisual Communication Services"
},
{
"id": "3661846",
"text": "(like cable internet services and IP telephony) with less overall regulation than their U.S. counterparts. However, in 2008, Canada's two largest commercial television networks, CTV and Global, began to demand that the CRTC permit them to charge a fee for cable carriage, even alleging that some smaller market stations would be forced to cease operations if this was not allowed. In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates this area of business and public policy pursuant to 47 U.S.C. Part II. These rules were upheld in a 5-4 decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in",
"title": "Must-carry"
},
{
"id": "663292",
"text": "of phone records to the NSA,\" said Rep. Edward Markey (D-Mass.) in response to the decision. \"The FCC, which oversees the protection of consumer privacy under the Communications Act of 1934, has taken a pass at investigating what is estimated to be the nation's largest violation of consumer privacy ever to occur. If the oversight body that monitors our nation's communications is stepping aside then Congress must step in.\" The FCC regulates all non-Federal uses of radio frequency spectrum in the United States under Title III of the Communications Act of 1934. In addition to over-the-air broadcast television and radio",
"title": "Federal Communications Commission"
},
{
"id": "18248738",
"text": "9(1)(h) order A 9(1)(\"h\") order is an order issued by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) pursuant to section 9(1)(\"h\") of Canada's \"Broadcasting Act\". It requires that a particular Canadian television channel be distributed by all (or a particular subset of) cable, satellite, IPTV, or similar subscription-based television service providers in Canada. In most (but not all) cases, the order requires that the channel be included in the analogue and/or digital basic service, making it available to all subscribers of that TV service provider. A channel subject to such an order, particularly those subject to mandatory carriage on the",
"title": "9(1)(h) order"
},
{
"id": "3265949",
"text": "system. Up to that point, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) had been responsible for maintaining broadcast infrastructures, creating programs, and regulating the industry. These roles described the CBC as being both \"cop and competitor\" and were argued to be separated. The regulatory function was thus given over to a separate regulatory agency, the BBG. through the passage of the Broadcast Act (1958). Board of Broadcast Governors The Board of Broadcast Governors (BBG) was an arms-length Government of Canada agency. It was created in 1958 by amending the \"Broadcast Act\" to regulate television and radio broadcasting, originally taking over that function",
"title": "Board of Broadcast Governors"
},
{
"id": "6268867",
"text": "Canadian Transport Commission The Canadian Transport Commission (CTC) was Canada's first fully converged, multi-modal regulator. The body was created by Canada's Parliament on September 19, 1967, to assume the responsibilities of two bodies: the Board of Transport Commissioners (1938–1967), which oversaw air and railway regulation, and the Canadian Maritime Commission (1947–1967). The Board of Transport Commissioners also bequeathed the CTC responsibility for telecommunications, which it regulated until ceding that jurisdiction to the Canadian Radio-Television Commission (CRTC) in 1976, leading the CRTC to change its name to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. The CTC itself was renamed the National Transportation",
"title": "Canadian Transport Commission"
},
{
"id": "13695651",
"text": "have limited impact on their revenues given the small markets in which they operate. Their primary concern is instead maintaining carriage on satellite providers, which have now overtaken cable in many rural markets. Fee-for-carriage Fee-for-carriage, value-for-signal, negotiation for value, or the \"TV tax\" all refer to a proposed Canadian television regulatory policy which would require cable and satellite television companies to compensate conventional, over-the-air television stations for the right to carry their local signals. Such a system has long existed in the United States, under the name of retransmission consent. Various versions of the scheme are supported by most major",
"title": "Fee-for-carriage"
},
{
"id": "18248740",
"text": "such terms and conditions as the Commission deems appropriate, programming services specified by the Commission. The CRTC uses the powers granted by this section to issue mandatory distribution orders, which compels all Canadian television service providers to make specified television channels available to their subscribers, sometimes subject to various conditions (such as region or packaging). Most of these orders relate to channels that must be carried on analogue and/or digital basic services; in these cases, the orders also mandate per-subscriber wholesale rates to be paid to the operators of each of these channels. In its 2013 review of applications for",
"title": "9(1)(h) order"
},
{
"id": "16704729",
"text": "Radio Reference Quebec (AG) v Canada (AG), also known as the Radio Reference, is a decision of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council that determined that broadcasting fell within the jurisdiction of the Parliament of Canada under the \"British North America Act, 1867\". When the \"British North America Act, 1867\" was originally drafted, broadcasting had not yet been invented. By the 1920s, Canada had already entered into international agreements on the subject, and there was intense debate as to which level of government in Canada had jurisdiction to regulate this field. Quebec decided to pose reference questions to its",
"title": "Radio Reference"
},
{
"id": "1540369",
"text": "Unifor, the other major union for Canadian journalists, announced that it would campaign against the Conservative Party of Canada in the 43rd Canadian federal election. The Canadian government regulates media ownership and the state of media through the Canadian Radio and Telecommunications Commission. Section 3 of the Canadian Broadcasting Act states that media organizations should reflect \"equal rights, the linguistic duality and multicultural and multiracial nature society and the special place of aboriginal peoples within that society\". The Canadian television broadcasting industry is split between public and private ownership. Canada currently has 130 originating television stations, which broadcast on 1,456",
"title": "Media of Canada"
},
{
"id": "5267852",
"text": "version in 1968 allowed for the existence of privatized networks. The private stations were then recognized as direct competitors to the CBC, which maintained its role as national broadcaster but lost its regulatory power. The 1968 Broadcasting Act created the Canadian Radio-Television Commission (now the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission). The government still referred to the Canadian broadcasting system as the \"single system\". Among other concerns, this implied that both private and public networks were working toward the same goals, notably the national objective of unity and Canadian content and ownership. Government intervention helped the Canadian broadcasting industry economically but",
"title": "Television in Canada"
},
{
"id": "663268",
"text": "of the FCC. The FCC regulates broadcast stations, repeater stations as well as commercial broadcasting operators who operate and repair certain radiotelephone, television and radio stations. Broadcast licenses are to be renewed if the station meets the \"public interest, convenience, or necessity\". The FCC's enforcement powers include fines and broadcast license revocation (see FCC MB Docket 04-232). Burden of proof would be on the complainant in a petition to deny. Fewer than 1% of station renewals are not immediately granted, and only a small fraction of those are ultimately denied. The FCC first promulgated rules for cable television in 1965,",
"title": "Federal Communications Commission"
},
{
"id": "4298946",
"text": "from the three years at the list's inception. Numbers are now on the list indefinitely. Legislation entitled \"Bill C-37, An Act to amend the Telecommunications Act\" , introduced in the House of Commons, was given first reading on 13 December 2004. It addressed telemarketing calls in Canada and would allow people to sign up to prevent certain telemarketers from contacting them. It received royal assent on 25 November 2005 and came into force on 30 June 2006. The legislation gives the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) authority to establish a national do not call list, to establish procedures to",
"title": "National Do Not Call List"
},
{
"id": "74633",
"text": "by The Radiocommuncation Act Section 4(1)(b), which states: \"No person shall, except under and in accordance with a radio authorization, install, operate or possess radio apparatus, other than (b)a radio apparatus that is capable only of the reception of broadcasting and that is not a distribution undertaking. (radio apparatus\" means a device or combination of devices intended for, or capable of being used for, radiocommunication).\" Satellite radio poses a more complicated problem for the CRTC. While an unlicensed satellite dish can often be identified easily, satellite radio receivers are much more compact and can rarely be easily identified, at least",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "20707786",
"text": "afterwards, experts claiming that it was, in actuality, against the Framework, which was misinterpreted by the judiciary. In a January 25, 2011 decision, the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) ruled that usage-based billing could be introduced. Prime Minister Harper signaled that the government may be looking into the ruling: \"We're very concerned about CRTC's decision on usage-based billing and its impact on consumers. I've asked for a review of the decision.\" Some have suggested that the ruling adversely affects net neutrality, since it discriminates against media that is larger in size, such as audio and video. In 2005, Canada's",
"title": "Net neutrality by country"
},
{
"id": "4956902",
"text": "are received. The FCC opens application window periods of about a week. Some applications have been pending for years; others end up in administrative law courts or arbitration, sometimes with one applicant seeking a buyout of another. Management of technical specifications (such as those in broadcast television systems) is normally undertaken as a part of broadcast licensing in each country. Radio bands carry signals (such as video and audio, digital and analog, narrowband, broadband and content), and are licensed differently. The broadcast license typically specifies the following minimum information: Additionally, it often specifies: Some countries (such as the Canadian Radio-television",
"title": "Broadcast license"
},
{
"id": "15069650",
"text": "Quebec Judge Danièle Côté ruled Canada's Radiocommunication Act to be in direct violation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, in so far as it bans reception of unlicensed foreign television services. The judgment gave the federal government a one-year deadline to remedy this breach of the Constitution. However, this contradicts prior Supreme Court of Canada decisions and was overturned on appeal. A Supreme Court of Canada decision in the case of Bell ExpressVu v. Richard Rex, made on April 26, 2002, confirms that provisions in the Radiocommunication Act forbid the illegal decoding of satellite television programming. Although there",
"title": "Satellite television by region"
},
{
"id": "17250111",
"text": "Radio regulation in the United States Radio regulation in the United States was enforced to eliminate different stations from broadcasting on each other's airwaves. Regulated by the Federal Communications Commission, standardization was encouraged by the chronological and economic advances experienced by the United States of America. Commenced in 1910, before the Communications Act of 1934 was passed, the Federal Radio Commission was the first organization established to control the functioning of radio as a whole through the Commerce Clause. Airwaves run across interstate and international waters, leading to some form of regulation. As years progressed, deregulation was strongly encouraged to",
"title": "Radio regulation in the United States"
},
{
"id": "9551434",
"text": "In response to consumer complaints about loud commercials, in December 2010, the Commercial Advertisement Loudness Mitigation Act or the CALM Act was signed into federal law. It directs the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to prescribe a regulation limiting the volume of television advertisements transmitted by a television broadcast station, cable operator, or other multichannel video programming distributor. The act requires the FCC to prescribe regulations consistent with ATSC A/85, and its successors. The FCC has not yet issued rules to implement the act. Dialnorm Dialnorm is the metadata parameter that controls playback gain within the Dolby Laboratories Dolby Digital (AC-3)",
"title": "Dialnorm"
},
{
"id": "3937321",
"text": "Canadian Association of Broadcasters The Canadian Association of Broadcasters (CAB) is a trade association representing the interests of commercial radio and television broadcasters in Canada. It is co-located with the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council in Ottawa. It was first established in 1925, with a goal to lobby for Canadian copyright law to contain provisions for the distribution of royalties for music played by radio stations. Following the establishment of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, which served as both a broadcaster and regulator, the CAB lobbied for the establishment of an independent regulator of broadcasting in Canada, a goal achieved in 1958",
"title": "Canadian Association of Broadcasters"
},
{
"id": "752667",
"text": "a nationwide and worldwide basis. The Federal Communication Commission was founded because of the act; it replaced the Federal Radio Commission. Because of the act, the U.S. government could regulate new media technologies such as television and mobile phones. Moreover, the act permitted the regulation of commercial communication corporations such as private radio and television companies. Opponents in Congress argued that the act harmed the telecommunications industry, such as by delaying the development of new technologies. In 1982 Congress produced a report recommending changes called \"Proposals for Revision of the Communications Act of 1934: Telecommunications Issues\". The Commerce Clause in",
"title": "Communications Act of 1934"
},
{
"id": "4298944",
"text": "National Do Not Call List The National Do Not Call List (DNCL) is a list administered by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) that enables Canadian residents to decide whether or not to receive telemarketing calls. It was first announced by the Government of Canada on 13 December 2004. The DNCL has been labelled a \"disaster\" and over a decade after the law's creation, many telemarketers are either unaware or do not follow the rules imposed by the DNCL. The DNCL continues to receive heavy criticism, the latest being from Senator Percy Downe who referred to it as \"totally",
"title": "National Do Not Call List"
},
{
"id": "765406",
"text": "and television services incorporating a wide range of programming that informs, enlightens and entertains; ...the programming provided by the Corporation should: As a crown corporation, the CBC operates at arm's length (autonomously) from the government in its day-to-day business. The corporation is governed by the \"Broadcasting Act\" of 1991, under a board of directors and is directly responsible to Parliament through the Department of Canadian Heritage. General management of the organization is in the hands of a president, who is appointed by the Governor General of Canada in Council, on the advice of the prime minister. According to \"The Hill",
"title": "Canadian Broadcasting Corporation"
},
{
"id": "1606167",
"text": "business compete in any market against any other.\" The legislation's primary goal was deregulation of the converging broadcasting and telecommunications markets. However, the law's regulatory policies have been questioned, including the effects of dualistic re-regulation of the communications market. Previously, the Communications Act of 1934 (\"1934 Act\") was the statutory framework for U.S. communications policy, covering telecommunications and broadcasting. The 1934 Act created the FCC, the agency formed to implement and administer the economic regulation of the interstate activities of the telephone monopolies and the licensing of spectrum used for broadcast and other purposes. The Act left most regulation of",
"title": "Telecommunications Act of 1996"
},
{
"id": "9077367",
"text": "created the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission, predecessor to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) as well as the Canadian Radio-Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). This early CRBC was meant to serve as a free public broadcaster, under federal control for purposes of education and entertainment. The CRBC also served as the regulatory governing body for all private radio stations. Bennett’s Radio Broadcasting Act had proposed an eventual takeover of all private radio stations by the federal government, something which to this day has never materialized. At this time, one third of Canadians owned a home radio receiver. There was a mandatory annual licensing",
"title": "Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting"
},
{
"id": "74623",
"text": "same time, for instance, the cable, satellite, or other broadcast distributor must send the CTV feed over the signal of the carried ABC affiliate, even where the ABC version is somehow different, particularly commercials. (These rules are not intended to apply in case of differing \"episodes\" of the same series; this difference may not always be communicated to distributors, although this is rather rare.) Viewers via home antenna who receive both American and Canadian networks on their personal sets are not affected by sim-sub. The goal of this policy is to create a market in which Canadian networks can realize",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "18248743",
"text": "Category A services are also considered \"must-offer\" services under the Broadcast Distribution Regulations for services in the majority language of the market where the provider operates, and in all cases for satellite providers, and thus do not require a separate 9(1)(\"h\") order. (The 9(1)(\"h\") order for Ici ARTV, a French-language Category A service, only relates to its carriage in anglophone markets, which is not mandatory under those regulations.) 9(1)(h) order A 9(1)(\"h\") order is an order issued by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) pursuant to section 9(1)(\"h\") of Canada's \"Broadcasting Act\". It requires that a particular Canadian television",
"title": "9(1)(h) order"
},
{
"id": "663293",
"text": "stations, this includes commercial mobile (i.e., mobile phone) services, amateur radio, citizen's band radio, theatrical wireless microphone installations, and a very wide variety of other services. Use of radio spectrum by U.S. federal government agencies is coordinated by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, an agency within the Department of Commerce. Commercial mobile radio service (CMRS) providers, including all mobile phone carriers, are subject to spectrum and wireless regulations under Title III (similar to broadcasters) as well as common carrier regulations under Title II (similar to wireline telephone carriers), except as provided by the FCC. Beginning in 1994, the FCC",
"title": "Federal Communications Commission"
},
{
"id": "15453371",
"text": "The Communications Act of 1934 refined and expanded on the authority of the FCC to regulate public airwaves in the United States, combining and reorganizing provisions from the Federal Radio Act of 1927 and the Mann-Elkins Act of 1910. It empowered the FCC, among other things, to administer broadcasting licenses, impose penalties and regulate standards and equipment used on the airwaves. The Act also mandated that the FCC would act in the interest of the \"public convenience, interest, or necessity.\" The Act established a system whereby the FCC grants licenses to the spectrum to broadcasters for commercial use, so long",
"title": "Media cross-ownership in the United States"
},
{
"id": "13695642",
"text": "Fee-for-carriage Fee-for-carriage, value-for-signal, negotiation for value, or the \"TV tax\" all refer to a proposed Canadian television regulatory policy which would require cable and satellite television companies to compensate conventional, over-the-air television stations for the right to carry their local signals. Such a system has long existed in the United States, under the name of retransmission consent. Various versions of the scheme are supported by most major conventional broadcasters, and all are opposed by virtually all cable, satellite, and IPTV (telephone company) service providers. These efforts have been promoted through a variety of means, including supporting ads on many conventional",
"title": "Fee-for-carriage"
},
{
"id": "74631",
"text": "controversial decisions: While an exact number has not been determined, thousands of Canadians have purchased and used what they contend to be grey market radio and television services, licensed in the United States but not in Canada. Users of these unlicensed services contend that they are not directly breaking any laws by simply using the equipment. The equipment is usually purchased from an American supplier (although some merchants have attempted to set up shop in Canada) and the services are billed to an American postal address. The advent of online billing and the easy availability of credit card services has",
"title": "Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission"
},
{
"id": "4566178",
"text": "Radio Act of 1912 The Radio Act of 1912 () is a United States federal law that mandated that all radio stations in the United States be licensed by the federal government, as well as mandating that seagoing vessels continuously monitor distress frequencies. The original bill was initiated during the investigations following the sinking of the \"Titanic\" The act set a precedent for international and federal legislation of wireless communications. It was followed by the Radio Act of 1927. Implementing and enforcing the Act was the responsibility of the United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor. The U.S. Department of",
"title": "Radio Act of 1912"
},
{
"id": "9077366",
"text": "the J.C.P.C. ultimately decided that this was a federal matter. Based on the report, a national company, the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission, was set up that would have power to operate and own all radio stations in Canada. Further control was given to the provinces to broadcast the content they want but within the provincial boundaries. After the Liberal government (who initially put together this Commission) had fallen in the Election of 1930, the Aird Report fell into the hands of the new Prime Minister R.B. Bennett. This eventually led to the passing of the Radio Broadcasting Act (1932). This",
"title": "Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting"
},
{
"id": "12254124",
"text": "Net neutrality in Canada Net neutrality in Canada is a debated issue in that nation, but not to the degree of partisanship in other nations such as the United States in part because of its federal regulatory structure and pre-existing supportive laws that were enacted decades before the debate arose. In Canada, Internet service providers (ISPs) generally provide Internet service in a neutral manner. Some notable incidents otherwise have included Bell Canada's throttling of certain protocols and Telus's censorship of a specific website critical of the company. However, the telecommunications concept currently is explicitly enforced by Canada's federal telecommunications regulatory",
"title": "Net neutrality in Canada"
},
{
"id": "20550129",
"text": "formal licensing by the CRTC. Discretionary service A discretionary service is a Canadian specialty channel which, as defined by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, may be carried optionally by all digital subscription television providers. It replaces the previous category A, category B, category C, and premium classifications. Discretionary services may air programming from any of the CRTC's defined categories, although no more than 10% of programming per-month may be devoted to live professional sports. Discretionary services may offer multiplex channels with CRTC permission. As part of \"Let's Talk TV\", a CRTC initiative to reform Canada's broadcasting industry, the Commission",
"title": "Discretionary service"
},
{
"id": "3952166",
"text": "Pierre Juneau Pierre Juneau, , (October 17, 1922 – February 21, 2012) was a Canadian film and broadcast executive, a one-time member of the Canadian Cabinet, the first chairman of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) and subsequently president of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. He is credited with the creation, promotion, and championing of Canadian content requirements for radio and television. Juneau is the namesake of the Juno Awards, which were named for him. He was born in Verdun, now part of Montreal, to a working-class family. After graduating from the Université de Montréal, he studied at the University",
"title": "Pierre Juneau"
},
{
"id": "16704730",
"text": "appellate court on the matter, and the federal government decided to preempt that hearing by posing the following questions to the Supreme Court of Canada: In a 3-2 decision, the SCC held that radio communication is subject to the legislative jurisdiction of the Dominion Parliament. In his opinion, Anglin C.J.C. supported the statement by Newcombe J. that: and thus noted: Therefore, radio broadcasting could not be considered to be a matter of a local or private nature, but more properly fell within the definition of \"telegraphs\" in Section 92(10). Smith J. also concurred. In dissenting opinions, Rinfret J. and Lamont",
"title": "Radio Reference"
},
{
"id": "438155",
"text": "(Top level domain): US Communications in the United States The primary regulator of communications in the United States is the Federal Communications Commission. It closely regulates all of the industries mentioned below with the exception of newspapers and the Internet service provider industry. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent government agency responsible for regulating the radio, television and phone industries. The FCC regulates all interstate communications, such as wire, satellite and cable, and international communications originating or terminating in the United States. Newspapers declined in their influence and penetration into American households in the late 20th century. Most",
"title": "Communications in the United States"
},
{
"id": "5267851",
"text": "corporation held the responsibility of establishing a national service and to monitor the entire broadcast system. Because Canada is a very vast country, it would be difficult for one corporation to control the broadcasting system throughout the country, all while establishing a network to compete in that system aa well as in the American system. Before 1958, Canadian law prohibited the creation of private television networks. Private stations did emerge but could not exist independently, and were obliged to become affiliated with the French national network or the English national network. The Act of 1958 as well as its revised",
"title": "Television in Canada"
},
{
"id": "5267850",
"text": "it wanted to create a Canadian broadcasting system to replace the American system that had infiltrated itself into Canada, as well as to unite Canadians in creating a national identity. The Broadcasting Act of 1932 created a national network for each electronic medium in Canada's two official languages, French and English. When it was created, the Act referred mostly to radio broadcasting but it also included television once TV came to the country in 1952. The Act resulted in the creation of the CRBC, which would be replaced by the Canadian Broadcast Corporation (CBC) in a later revision. The government-created",
"title": "Television in Canada"
},
{
"id": "663278",
"text": "channels and a few low-power LPTV stations. To help U.S. consumers through the conversion, Congress established a federally sponsored DTV Converter Box Coupon Program for two free converters per household. The FCC regulates telecommunications services under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934. Title II imposes common carrier regulation under which carriers offering their services to the general public must provide services to all customers and may not discriminate based on the identity of the customer or the content of the communication. This is similar to and adapted from regulation of transportation providers (railroad, airline, shipping, etc.) and some",
"title": "Federal Communications Commission"
},
{
"id": "3033240",
"text": "C services) will be licensed as Category B services. The following is a list of currently launched and officially licensed Category B services in Canada: Category B services A Category B service is the former term for a Canadian discretionary specialty television channel which, as defined by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, may be carried by all digital cable television and direct broadcast satellite providers. Such services were called Category 2 until September 1, 2011. Unlike Category A services, Category B services are not protected as to format. They are licensed to broadcast within defined formats which are not",
"title": "Category B services"
},
{
"id": "8034531",
"text": "Broadcast law Broadcast law is the field of law that pertains to broadcasting. These laws and regulations pertain to radio stations and TV stations, and are also considered to include closely related services like cable TV and cable radio, as well as satellite TV and satellite radio. Likewise, it also extends to broadcast networks. Broadcast law includes technical parameters for these facilities, as well as content issues like copyright, profanity, and localism or regionalism. In the US, broadcasting falls under the jurisdiction of the Federal Communications Commission. Some of the more notable aspects of broadcast law involve: The Radio Act",
"title": "Broadcast law"
}
] | the canadian radio-television telecommunications commissions exemplifies which form of regulation |
[
"Anthony De La Torre"
] | [
{
"id": "17842124",
"text": "of August 2018, the sixth film is still in development. Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (released in some countries as Pirates of the Caribbean: Salazar's Revenge) is a 2017 American swashbuckler fantasy film, the fifth installment in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film series and the sequel to \"\" (2011). The film is directed by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg from a script by Jeff Nathanson, with Jerry Bruckheimer serving again as producer. Johnny Depp, Kevin McNally and Geoffrey Rush reprise their roles as Jack Sparrow, Joshamee",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "17842064",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (released in some countries as Pirates of the Caribbean: Salazar's Revenge) is a 2017 American swashbuckler fantasy film, the fifth installment in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film series and the sequel to \"\" (2011). The film is directed by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg from a script by Jeff Nathanson, with Jerry Bruckheimer serving again as producer. Johnny Depp, Kevin McNally and Geoffrey Rush reprise their roles as Jack Sparrow, Joshamee Gibbs and Hector Barbossa, respectively, and are joined in the",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "20170162",
"text": "Anthony De La Torre Anthony De La Torre (born 1993) is an American actor, singer, songwriter and guitarist, known for his roles as young Jack Sparrow in \"\" (2017) and Jan Axel Blomberg in \"Lords of Chaos\" (2018). De La Torre was born in Bowling Green, Ohio, to Cuban parents. His mother, Esther Garcia, is a Spanish teacher at Bowling Green High School, and also owns a cleaning business. His parents divorced shortly after De La Torre's birth. He has one older brother, Nicolas, and one older sister, Angelica. De La Torre attended St. Aloysius Elementary and Junior High School",
"title": "Anthony De La Torre"
},
{
"id": "20170165",
"text": "Hellhammer in Jonas Åkerlund's thriller \"Lords of Chaos\", alongside Rory Culkin, Emory Cohen and Jack Kilmer. De La Torre also appeared as Hellhammer in the music video for Metallica's \"ManUNkind\". The film premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. De La Torre is set to star in the title role in the low budget horror film \"Johnny Gruesome\", directed by Greg Lamberson. Anthony De La Torre Anthony De La Torre (born 1993) is an American actor, singer, songwriter and guitarist, known for his roles as young Jack Sparrow in \"\" (2017) and Jan Axel Blomberg in \"Lords of Chaos\" (2018).",
"title": "Anthony De La Torre"
},
{
"id": "1987079",
"text": "by, in addition to the return of the original 1967 tunnel dialogue. In 2003, Disney released \"\", a feature film inspired by the attraction starring Johnny Depp as Captain Jack Sparrow in an Oscar-nominated performance. It has been followed by four sequels: \"\" (2006), \"\" (2007), \"\" (2011), and \"\" (2017), with the second installment winning an Oscar for Best Special Effects in 2007. The series has grossed over US$3.7 billion worldwide. These films included numerous allusions to the ride, most notably the attack on the fort, the famous jail scene, the namesake song, and a few lines from the",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean (attraction)"
},
{
"id": "797515",
"text": "a volunteer project entitled \"The Black Ghiandola\", a short film written by Anthony Conti. The movie is \"a story about a young man risking his life to save a young girl he has grown to love, after his family has been killed in the Apocalyptic world of Zombies.\" The film was released in April 2017. Depp reprised his role as Captain Jack Sparrow in the 2017 sequel \"\", the fifth film in the series. The film was directed by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg, and co-starred Javier Bardem (as Captain Salazar), Geoffrey Rush, Brenton Thwaites, Kaya Scodelario, and Orlando Bloom",
"title": "Johnny Depp"
},
{
"id": "2175224",
"text": "Jack Sparrow Captain Jack Sparrow is a fictional character in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film series. The character was created by screenwriters Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio, and is portrayed by Johnny Depp. The characterization of Sparrow is based on a combination of The Rolling Stones' guitarist Keith Richards and Looney Tunes cartoon character Pepé Le Pew. He first appears in the 2003 film \"\". He later appears in the sequels \"\" (2006), \"\" (2007), \"\" (2011), and \"\" (2017). In the films, Sparrow is one of the nine pirate lords in the Brethren Court, the Pirate Lords of",
"title": "Jack Sparrow"
},
{
"id": "17842066",
"text": "issues. Principal photography started in Australia in February 2015, after the Australian government offered Disney $20 million in tax incentives, and ended in July 2015. \"Dead Men Tell No Tales\" was released in conventional, 3D, and IMAX formats on May 26, 2017. The film received mixed reviews and grossed $794 million worldwide against an estimated budget between $230–320 million. \"Dead Men Tell No Tales\" is the second-lowest grossing installment of the series. Twelve-year-old Henry Turner boards the \"Flying Dutchman\" and informs his father, Will Turner, that the curse which binds Will to the \"Dutchman\" and only permits him to step",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "9453860",
"text": "was at work on a second attempt based on a well-received outline. While Disney originally announced a release on July 7, 2017, \"Dead Men Tell No Tales\" was released on May 26, 2017. A spokesman for the Australian Arts Minister confirmed that the fifth installment was set to shoot in Australia after the government agreed to repurpose $20 million of tax incentives originally intended for the remake of \"20,000 Leagues Under the Sea\". Disney and Ian Walker the Queensland Arts Minister, confirmed on October 2, 2014, that filming was expected to start in February 2015, stating that filming will take",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)"
},
{
"id": "2136605",
"text": "of the Black Pearl\" include Best Make-up/Hair at the 57th British Academy Film Awards, Saturn Award for Best Costumes, Golden Reel Award for Sound Editing, two VES Awards for Visual Effects, and the People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture. The film spun off four sequels, with the latest sequel released in 2017. The first two were back-to-back sequels in 2006 and 2007, \"\" and \"\", respectively. The third sequel, \"\", was released in 2011. The fourth sequel, \"\", was slated to begin production in October 2014 for a summer 2016 release, but was eventually delayed to May 2017. It",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl"
},
{
"id": "20170164",
"text": "in a print advertisement for Del Monte ketchup. He had a recurring role in two episodes of Nickelodeon's \"100 Things to Do Before High School\", portraying a Latino actor named Anthony Del Rey. In 2017, De La Torre starred as the young Jack Sparrow in the blockbuster fantasy film \"\", directed by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg. His appearance as the character was merged with Johnny Depp's via CGI. In July 2017, he replaced Toby Rand as the frontman for The Fell, a rock band consisting of Mike Krompass, Randy Cooke, and Billy Sheehan. He portrayed Jan Axel Blomberg /",
"title": "Anthony De La Torre"
},
{
"id": "17842087",
"text": "Adam Brown, Delroy Atkinson, and Danny Kirrane were revealed as cast members shortly before filming. As filming begun, two actors from the previous films were confirmed to return, Martin Klebba as Marty and Stephen Graham as Scrum. Director Joachim Rønning's two children appear in the film as extras. Keith Richards expressed interest in reprising his role as Captain Teague, but was unavailable, leading Depp to invite Paul McCartney into appearing as Jack Sparrow's uncle (also named Jack). Other actors had expressed interest in reprising their roles from the previous films, such as Tia Dalma portrayer Naomie Harris, and Greg Ellis,",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "13787936",
"text": "third highest-grossing film of 2011, and it stands as the 28th-highest-grossing film of all time worldwide when not adjusting for inflation. Critical reviews were mixed, with the film receiving criticism over its writing, directing, excessiveness and lack of originality; positive mentions were given on the acting, action sequences, music, visuals and the running time for being much shorter than the previous two films. A fifth film, titled \"\", was released in 2017. After a failed attempt to rescue his first mate, Joshamee Gibbs, in London, Captain Jack Sparrow is brought before King George II. The king wants Jack to guide",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides"
},
{
"id": "797491",
"text": "for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his performance in the title role in \"\", as well as the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for his portrayal of Captain Jack Sparrow in \"Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl\". He has been listed in the 2012 \"Guinness World Records\" as the world's highest-paid actor, with earnings of US$75 million. Depp was inducted as a Disney Legend in 2015. Depp was born in Owensboro, Kentucky, the youngest of four children of Betty Sue Palmer (née",
"title": "Johnny Depp"
},
{
"id": "9453846",
"text": "it would not be the last film of the franchise and that a sixth film could be released. In September 2017, producer Jerry Bruckheimer indicated that another \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" sequel is still possible if \"Dead Men Tell No Tales\" does well in its home release. In October 2017, Kaya Scodelario said that she was contracted to return for a sixth film. Shortly after, it was announced that Joachim Rønning is being eyed to direct the film. In October 2018, it was reported that Disney is planning on restarting the franchise with Rhett Reese and Paul Wernick writing the",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)"
},
{
"id": "17842085",
"text": "to portray Armando Salazar, who in early scripts was referred to as Captain John Brand. Bardem had liked the working environment of the fourth movie, which he witnessed accompanying his wife, and stated he was also a fan of the franchise and of Depp's performance as Jack Sparrow. Australian actor Brenton Thwaites entered talks for the role of Henry in late November 2014, after Disney chose him over Taron Egerton, George MacKay, Mitchell Hope, Ansel Elgort and Sam Keeley. Kaya Scodelario was chosen as the female lead out of a shortlist that included Gabriella Wilde, Alexandra Dowling, Jenna Thiam, and",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "13787994",
"text": "Disney announced in 2014 that the film would enter theaters on July 2017. Production began in late February 2015 in Australia. Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides is a 2011 American fantasy swashbuckler film, the fourth installment in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film series and the sequel to \"\" (2007). It is the first film in the series not to be directed by Gore Verbinski, being replaced by Rob Marshall. Jerry Bruckheimer again served as producer. The film is technically a stand-alone sequel to the previous installments. In the film, which",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides"
},
{
"id": "13787933",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides is a 2011 American fantasy swashbuckler film, the fourth installment in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film series and the sequel to \"\" (2007). It is the first film in the series not to be directed by Gore Verbinski, being replaced by Rob Marshall. Jerry Bruckheimer again served as producer. The film is technically a stand-alone sequel to the previous installments. In the film, which draws its plot loosely from the novel \"On Stranger Tides\" by Tim Powers, Captain Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) is joined by",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides"
},
{
"id": "9453857",
"text": "roles, and the cast saw the additions of Ian McShane as Blackbeard and Penélope Cruz as Angelica, Blackbeard's daughter and Jack Sparrow's love interest. A further addition was Richard Griffiths as King George II of Great Britain. After the costly production of two simultaneous films, Disney tried to scale down the fourth installment, giving a lower budget, which led to cheaper locations and fewer scenes with special effects. It was also filmed in 3D, with cameras similar to the ones used in \"Avatar\". Filming for \"\" began June 14, 2010 and ended on November 19, 2010. It was released in",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)"
},
{
"id": "17842103",
"text": "Salazar's Revenge\", a decision that the directors were not informed about. It was released at cinemas in Italy and Norway on May 24, and in the United States, Canada, and China on May 26. It is the first Hollywood feature to be released in the United States for the new panorama-like ScreenX format, which played in two locations in the U.S.—CGV Buena Park and CGV Cinemas—both in Los Angeles, California. Additionally, it played in 81 screens at select theaters in Korea, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Turkey and Indonesia. The film also played in 4D on 373 4DX screens worldwide. The film",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "17842123",
"text": "beginning of the final adventure, implying that it would not be the last film of the franchise, and that a sixth film could be released. The post-credits scene of \"Dead Men\" shows Will Turner, Elizabeth Swann, and Davy Jones. In September 2017, producer Jerry Bruckheimer indicated that another \"Pirates\" sequel is still possible if \"Dead Men Tell No Tales\" does well in its home release. In October 2017, the sixth film was confirmed and Kaya Scodelario said that she was contracted to return. Shortly after, it was announced that Rønning is being eyed to return to direct the sequel. As",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "18833909",
"text": "The Shack (2017 film) The Shack is a 2017 American Christian drama film directed by Stuart Hazeldine and written by John Fusco, Andrew Lanham and Destin Cretton, based on the 2007 novel of the same name by William P. Young. The film stars Sam Worthington, Octavia Spencer, Graham Greene, Radha Mitchell, Alice Braga, Sumire Matsubara, Aviv Alush, and Tim McGraw. Filming began on June 8, 2015, in Vancouver, British Columbia. The film was released in the United States on March 3, 2017, and grossed over $96 million worldwide. Mackenzie \"Mack\" Phillips suffered physical and emotional abuse as a child at",
"title": "The Shack (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "17842105",
"text": "robust marketing effort helped promote \"Dead Men Tell No Tales\". The film was first showcased at the Disney D23 Expo 2015, where Depp appeared in costume as Jack Sparrow and the film's logo was revealed, with Orlando Bloom confirmed to be starring in the film. Elizabeth Rudnick was self-confirmed to novelize the film, describing it the film as bringing back the series' initial sensibility, while returning Jack Sparrow to \"all of his swaggering glory.\" A tie-in prequel expanding the backstory of the character Carina Smyth was also released, titled \"Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales – The",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "20028472",
"text": "and more in danger, and is eventually carried along by the maelstrom of events. On October 20, 2015, it was announced Bryan Buckley would direct the film, with Evan Peters joining the cast. On February 11, 2016, Al Pacino, Melanie Griffith and Barkhad Abdi joined the cast of the film. Principal photography began in February 2016, and ended on April 24, 2016. The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 27, 2017. Shortly after, Echo Bridge acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film, and set it for a December 8, 2017, release. The Pirates of",
"title": "The Pirates of Somalia (film)"
},
{
"id": "17842086",
"text": "Lucy Boynton. Her character, Carina, is an astronomer accused of being a witch. Scodelario confirmed that she was playing \"a totally different character\" from Elizabeth Swann, and also that she will be Henry's love interest, given in earlier drafts she was envisioned as a love interest of Sparrow. Kevin McNally confirmed his return as Joshamee Gibbs in late January. Shortly after on-location pre-production opened in Australia, Disney issued a casting call to local agents for actors from all ages and experience levels to apply for roles, and as extras in the upcoming film, with casting also open in the US.",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "3030434",
"text": "behind to confront them, drawing his sword. In the newer version, undead skeletons appear inside instead. Will Turner William \"Will\" Turner Jr. is a fictional character in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" films. He appears in \"\" (2003), \"\" (2006), \"\" (2007), and \"\" (2017). He is portrayed by Orlando Bloom (and as a child by Dylan Smith in the prologue of \"The Curse of the Black Pearl\"). William Turner is a blacksmith's apprentice working in Port Royal, Jamaica. He secretly loves the governor's daughter, Elizabeth Swann (played by Keira Knightley), although he occupies a lower social class than she",
"title": "Will Turner"
},
{
"id": "3030411",
"text": "Will Turner William \"Will\" Turner Jr. is a fictional character in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" films. He appears in \"\" (2003), \"\" (2006), \"\" (2007), and \"\" (2017). He is portrayed by Orlando Bloom (and as a child by Dylan Smith in the prologue of \"The Curse of the Black Pearl\"). William Turner is a blacksmith's apprentice working in Port Royal, Jamaica. He secretly loves the governor's daughter, Elizabeth Swann (played by Keira Knightley), although he occupies a lower social class than she does. Will is the son of Bootstrap Bill Turner, and he works to free his father",
"title": "Will Turner"
},
{
"id": "9453838",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean (film series) Pirates of the Caribbean is a series of fantasy swashbuckler films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and based on Walt Disney's theme park ride of the same name. Directors of the series include Gore Verbinski (1–3), Rob Marshall (4) and Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg (5). The series is primarily written by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio (1–4); other writers include Stuart Beattie (1), Jay Wolpert (1) and Jeff Nathanson (5). The stories follow the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp), Will Turner (Orlando Bloom) and Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley). Characters such as Hector",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)"
},
{
"id": "3785510",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest is a 2006 American fantasy swashbuckler film, the second installment of the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film series and the sequel to \"\" (2003). It was directed by Gore Verbinski, written by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio, and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. In the film, the wedding of Will Turner (Orlando Bloom) and Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley) is interrupted by Lord Cutler Beckett (Tom Hollander), who wants Turner to acquire the compass of Captain Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) in a bid to find the Dead Man's",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest"
},
{
"id": "1851558",
"text": "reminiscent of a young Audrey Hepburn. Knightley earned Best Actress nominations at the Golden Globes and the Academy Awards for her performance, becoming the third-youngest nominee for the latter. BAFTA's failure to provide her with a nomination drew criticism from the film's producer Tim Bevan. Knightley was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, among other artists in 2006. Later that year, she reprised her role as Elizabeth Swann in the second and third productions of the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" series. The two sequels were conceived in 2004, with the writers Ted Elliott and Terry",
"title": "Keira Knightley"
},
{
"id": "16528976",
"text": "also starred in \"Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas\" as Hunter S. Thompson (1998), \"The Ninth Gate\" as Dean Corso (1999), and \"Sleepy Hollow\" as Ichabod Crane (1999). In the 2000s, he was in the films \"Chocolat\" (2000), \"Blow\" (2001), \"From Hell\" (2001), \"Once Upon a Time in Mexico\" (2003), \"Finding Neverland\" (2004), \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" (2005), \"\" (2007), and \"Public Enemies\" (2009). He has played Captain Jack Sparrow in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" series, starting with 2003's \"\", and going on to reprise the role in \"\" (2006), \"\" (2007), \"\" (2011) and \"\" (2017). For",
"title": "Johnny Depp filmography"
},
{
"id": "1987077",
"text": "a promotion for \"\". In June 2017, Disney announced that animatronics of Jack Sparrow would be added to two scenes in the Disneyland Paris attraction. Later that month, Disney announced a change to the auction scene at Disneyland Paris, Disneyland California, and Magic Kingdom in which the town's women are auctioned off to the pirates, including the scarlet-clothed redheaded damsel. Instead, the new scene depicts the redhead as a pirate helping the auctioneer sell off loot from the townspeople. The Disneyland Paris version reopened on July 24, 2017 with the changes, while the Magic Kingdom version received the new auction",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean (attraction)"
},
{
"id": "17842075",
"text": "informed about the character's appearance. Pablo and Chiquita reprised their role as Jack the Monkey. Shortly before the release of \"\" in 2011, the cast and crew of the fourth film were told to set aside time in the near future, because Walt Disney Pictures intended to shoot a fifth and sixth film back-to-back. However, it was later stated that only a fifth film was in the works. Terry Rossio wrote a script for a fifth film without his partner Ted Elliott. Rob Marshall was rumoured to return to direct, but declined after choosing to direct \"Into the Woods\" (2014),",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "20028470",
"text": "The Pirates of Somalia (film) The Pirates of Somalia (alternatively titled Into the Fire) is a 2017 American drama film written and directed by Bryan Buckley. The film stars Evan Peters, Al Pacino, Melanie Griffith, and Barkhad Abdi. The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 27, 2017. The film was released on December 8, 2017, by Echo Bridge. After his graduation from high school, journalist Jay Bahadur in vain tries to gain a foothold in the profession. Still living with his parents, he keeps himself afloat with unsatisfactory activity as a questioner for product",
"title": "The Pirates of Somalia (film)"
},
{
"id": "20743133",
"text": "Wonder (Departure),\" and \"Angel Eyes.\" On June 1, 2017, it was announced that Seyfried would be returning as Sophie. Later that month, Dominic Cooper confirmed in an interview that he would be returning for the sequel along with Streep, Firth and Brosnan as Sky, Donna, Harry and Sam, respectively. In July 2017, Baranski was confirmed to return as Tanya in the film. On July 12, 2017, Lily James was cast in the film to play the role of \"Young Donna.\" On August 3, 2017, Jeremy Irvine and Alexa Davies were cast in the film with Irvine set to play Brosnan's",
"title": "Mamma Mia! (film series)"
},
{
"id": "17842108",
"text": "the film. Disney premiered a 5-minute extended sequence of the film in front of the UK release of Marvel's \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\", on April 28. \"Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales\" was released on digital download by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on September 19, 2017, and on Blu-ray, Ultra HD Blu-ray and DVD on October 3. It was the top home-media release in its first week, with the Blu-ray version accounting for 78% of sales, and brought the previous four films back into the 25 best-sold Blu-rays. \"Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "17842065",
"text": "cast by Javier Bardem, Brenton Thwaites and Kaya Scodelario. The filmmakers cited the series' first installment, \"\" (2003), as inspiration for the script and tone of the film. Pre-production for the film started shortly before \"On Stranger Tides\" was released in early 2011, with Terry Rossio writing the initial script. In early 2013, Jeff Nathanson was hired to write a new script for the film, with Depp being involved in Nathanson's writing process. Initially planned for a 2015 release, the film was delayed to 2016 and then to 2017, after 6 years of development hell, due to script and budget",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "3785511",
"text": "Chest. Sparrow discovers his debt to Davy Jones (Bill Nighy) is due. Two sequels to \"Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl\" were conceived in 2004, with Elliott and Rossio developing a story arc that would span both films. Filming took place from February to September 2005 in Palos Verdes, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Dominica, and The Bahamas, as well as on sets constructed at Walt Disney Studios. It was shot back-to-back with the third film of the series, \"\". \"Dead Man's Chest\" was released in the United States on July 7, 2006, and received mixed",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest"
},
{
"id": "19915159",
"text": "and Karl was wanted by the authorities. On February 10, 2016, Daniel Radcliffe joined the cast. On March 21, 2016, Thomas Kretschmann and Alex Russell also joined the cast. Principal photography began on March 19, 2016 and ended on April 13, 2016. The film premiered at the Melbourne International Film Festival on August 3, 2017. It was released in Australia on November 9, 2017, by Umbrella Entertainment. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 54%, based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 5.7/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 48 out",
"title": "Jungle (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "20215522",
"text": "2017, the majority of the supporting cast was announced. In September 2017, Joe Alwyn and Madelyn Cline joined the cast as well, and principal photography on the film began September 8, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia. In April 2018, re-shoots took place. The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 1, 2018. It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, first for the press and industry on September 8, 2018, and then for the public on September 11, 12, and 15. The film was initially scheduled for release on September 28, 2018, but was pushed",
"title": "Boy Erased"
},
{
"id": "2175275",
"text": "In 2011, comedy group the Lonely Island, in collaboration with ballad singer Michael Bolton, released a song named for Jack. The 11th ranked poster by amount of posts on www.worldofkj.com is named Jack Sparrow. Jack Sparrow Captain Jack Sparrow is a fictional character in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film series. The character was created by screenwriters Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio, and is portrayed by Johnny Depp. The characterization of Sparrow is based on a combination of The Rolling Stones' guitarist Keith Richards and Looney Tunes cartoon character Pepé Le Pew. He first appears in the 2003 film \"\".",
"title": "Jack Sparrow"
},
{
"id": "15931510",
"text": "at the Fox Studios in Sydney, Australia, and the film was released worldwide on 26 February 2016. Thwaites starred in the fantasy-adventure sequel \"\", which was released on 26 May 2017. Thwaites portrays Henry Turner (the son of Orlando Bloom and Keira Knightley's characters), opposite Johnny Depp, Geoffrey Rush and Javier Bardem. Shooting of the film commenced in February 2015, on the Gold Coast of Queensland, Australia. Following \"Pirates\", Thwaites had a leading role in the 2017 Christian film, \"An Interview with God\", portraying a young journalist, Paul Asher. In this role, he starred opposite Academy Award-nominee David Strathairn. Thwaites",
"title": "Brenton Thwaites"
},
{
"id": "9453839",
"text": "Barbossa (Geoffrey Rush) and Joshamee Gibbs (Kevin McNally) follow Jack, Will and Elizabeth in the course of the films. The fourth film features Blackbeard (Ian McShane) and Angelica (Penélope Cruz), while the fifth film features Armando Salazar (Javier Bardem), Henry Turner (Brenton Thwaites) and Carina Smyth (Kaya Scodelario). The films take place in a fictionalized historical setting; a world ruled by the British Empire, the East India Trading Company (based on the real East India Company) and the Spanish Empire, with pirates representing freedom from the ruling powers. The film series started in 2003 with \"\", which received positive reviews",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)"
},
{
"id": "2136606",
"text": "was directed by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg. Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl is a 2003 American fantasy swashbuckler film directed by Gore Verbinski and the first film in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film series. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer, the film is based on Walt Disney's \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" attraction at Disney theme parks. The story follows pirate Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) and blacksmith Will Turner (Orlando Bloom) as they rescue the kidnapped Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley) from the",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl"
},
{
"id": "18967470",
"text": "won the Best Animated Feature and Best Original Song. \"Coco\" was chosen by the National Board of Review as the Best Animated Film of 2017. Coco (2017 film) Coco is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated fantasy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Based on an original idea by Lee Unkrich, it is directed by him and co-directed by Adrian Molina. The film's voice cast stars Anthony Gonzalez, Gael García Bernal, Benjamin Bratt, Alanna Ubach, Renée Victor, Ana Ofelia Murguía, and Edward James Olmos. The story follows a 12-year-old boy named Miguel who is accidentally",
"title": "Coco (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "17842074",
"text": "a trace of wet barnacles on the floor amid a puddle of seawater. Additionally, Keira Knightley briefly appears at the end in a non-speaking role as Elizabeth Swann, Will's wife and Henry's mother. Adam Brown, Danny Kirrane, and Delroy Atkinson appear as members of Jack's crew, and in the prison scene, Paul McCartney briefly appears as Jack's paternal uncle, Uncle Jack. Alexander Scheer plays a young Captain Edward Teague in a flashback sequence. A silhouette of Davy Jones, one of the series' former villains, is seen in the post-credits scene, but actor Bill Nighy had stated that he was not",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "17945000",
"text": "Hallström and starring Helen Mirren, in which he played the young version of the film's main character (played by Manish Dayal). In April 2014 it was announced that Chand would star alongside Lea Michele in DreamWorks Animation's Bollywood-style musical, \"Bollywood Superstar Monkey\". In addition, Chand was cast in Andy Serkis' \"\", in the leading role of Mowgli. The film is scheduled for a November 2018 release. Rohan Chand Rohan Chand (born 2004) is an American child actor. He has appeared in films such as \"Jack and Jill\", \"Lone Survivor\", and \"Bad Words\". He also appeared in the \"Crossfire\" episode of",
"title": "Rohan Chand"
},
{
"id": "2175255",
"text": "Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance, as well as a People's Choice Award, a Kids' Choice Award, and another Teen Choice Award. He has signed on to reprise the role for future sequels. Depp wears a dreadlock wig in a rock-and-roll approach to a pirate aesthetic. He wears a red bandanna and numerous objects in his hair, influenced by Keith Richards' habit of collecting souvenirs from his travels; Sparrow's decorations include his \"piece of eight\". Sparrow wears kohl around his eyes, which was inspired by Depp's study of nomads, whom he compared to pirates, and he wore contacts that acted",
"title": "Jack Sparrow"
},
{
"id": "5592491",
"text": "Dunlop and Jaguar luxury cars since 2014. Cumberbatch was cast in February 2017 to star in \"Patrick Melrose\", a miniseries adaptation of the Edward St Aubyn novels, which will begin airing on Showtime on May 12, 2018. In 2019 Cumberbatch will appear as Dominic Cummings in HBO and Channel 4 television film \"\". In 2006, Cumberbatch played William Pitt the Younger in \"Amazing Grace\". The role garnered him a nomination for the London Film Critics Circle \"British Breakthrough Acting Award\". He subsequently appeared in supporting roles in \"Atonement\" (2007) and \"The Other Boleyn Girl\" (2008). In 2009, he appeared in",
"title": "Benedict Cumberbatch"
},
{
"id": "12858460",
"text": "Robert De Niro Robert Anthony De Niro Jr. (; born August 17, 1943) is an American actor, producer, and director. He is a recipient of various accolades, including two Academy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, the Cecil B DeMille Award, AFI Life Achievement Award, Presidential Medal of Freedom, and has been nominated for six BAFTA Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards. De Niro was cast as the young Vito Corleone in the 1974 film \"The Godfather Part II\", for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. His longtime collaboration with director Martin",
"title": "Robert De Niro"
},
{
"id": "20250735",
"text": "film, but is included on the soundtrack album. On June 1, 2017, it was announced that Seyfried would return as Sophie. Later that month, Dominic Cooper confirmed that he would return for the sequel, along with Streep, Firth and Brosnan as Sky, Donna, Harry, and Sam, respectively. In July 2017, Baranski was also confirmed to return as Tanya. On July 12, 2017, Lily James was cast to play the role of young Donna. On August 3, 2017, Jeremy Irvine and Alexa Davies were also cast in the film, with Irvine playing Brosnan's character Sam in a past era, and Hugh",
"title": "Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again"
},
{
"id": "2175273",
"text": "for audiences as Captain Jack Sparrow has.\" \"Entertainment Weekly\" put it on its end-of-the-decade, \"best-of\" list, saying, \"Part Keith Richards rift, part sozzled lounge lizard, Johnny Depp's swizzleshtick pirate was definitely one of the most dazzling characters of the decade.\" In June 2010, Sparrow was named one of \"Entertainment Weekly\" \"100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years\". Jack Sparrow also appears in video games and books spun off the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" media franchise, among them \"Kingdom Hearts II\", where he is voiced by James Arnold Taylor. Jack will also appear in \"Kingdom Hearts III\". \"Pirates of the",
"title": "Jack Sparrow"
},
{
"id": "2175245",
"text": "Bugs Bunny and Groucho Marx. The producers saw him as a young Burt Lancaster. Director Gore Verbinski admitted, \"The first film was a movie, and then Jack was put into it almost. He doesn't have the obligations of the plot in the same ways that the other characters have. He meanders his way through, and he kind of affects everybody else.\" Sparrow represents an ethical pirate, with Captain Barbossa as his corrupt foil. His true motives usually remain masked, and whether he is honorable or evil depends on the audience's perspective. This acts as part of Will Turner's arc, in",
"title": "Jack Sparrow"
},
{
"id": "3588959",
"text": "Elizabeth Swann Elizabeth Swann (later Elizabeth Turner) is a fictional character in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film series. She appears in \"\" (2003) and three of its sequels, \"\" (2006), \"\" (2007) and \"\" (2017). She is portrayed by Keira Knightley (and as a child by Lucinda Dryzek in the prologue of \"The Curse of the Black Pearl\"). She is known to use the alias \"Elizabeth Turner\", but this later becomes her married name when she weds the character Will Turner (played by Orlando Bloom). Elizabeth is a spirited, intelligent, and independent-minded character whose beauty attracted Will Turner, James",
"title": "Elizabeth Swann"
},
{
"id": "3785513",
"text": "by the Walt Disney Studios for nearly four years until it was surpassed by \"Toy Story 3\" (2010). The film received Academy Award nominations for Best Art Direction, Sound Editing, Sound Mixing, and won the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects. Its sequel, \"At World's End\", was released the following year. The wedding of Will Turner and Elizabeth Swann is halted when Lord Cutler Beckett, chairman of the East India Trading Company, arrives with arrest warrants for them, and also for Commodore James Norrington, who allowed Captain Jack Sparrow to escape. Norrington has resigned and disappeared after losing the Navy's",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest"
},
{
"id": "17842106",
"text": "Brightest Star in the North\". The film was showcased at the 2016 Walt Disney Content Showcase in South Africa, where concept art, story details and on-set images were previewed. The first teaser trailer was released on October 2, 2016, during \"Fear the Walking Dead\", and showcased Armando Salazar hunting for Jack Sparrow, who is shown on a wanted poster. On January 27, 2017, Disney uploaded an eight-second motion poster to their official Instagram account, promoting the release of a television spot of the film during Super Bowl LI. Disney then released a 30-second television teaser at Super Bowl LI, with",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "9453847",
"text": "script and Jerry Bruckheimer returning as producer. It is unknown if the film will be a complete or soft reboot of the franchise as Disney has not yet made any official announcements. Wenches Scarlett (Lauren Maher) and Giselle (Vanessa Branch) fix each other up for their wedding, in which they would each marry their groom. Upon realizing that both their grooms were the same man—Jack Sparrow—the two wenches find themselves in an auction led by the Auctioneer. The short film serves as a prequel to \"The Curse of the Black Pearl\", explaining just why Jack Sparrow's boat, \"the Jolly Mon\",",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)"
},
{
"id": "17842118",
"text": "he termed as a convoluted plot and overabundance of characters, resulting in a film that was \"practically incoherent.\" Writing for \"Rolling Stone\", Peter Travers called the film \"bloated, boring, repetitive and draining\" and gave it one star out of four. Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of \"The A.V. Club\" wrote that the film echoes the first three of the franchise, \"in which Johnny Depp's louche and campy Jack Sparrow played second banana to an insipid love story... the two romantic leads [...] succeed only in making the shortest movie in the series seem just as long as the rest.\" A. O. Scott of",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "2136572",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl is a 2003 American fantasy swashbuckler film directed by Gore Verbinski and the first film in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film series. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer, the film is based on Walt Disney's \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" attraction at Disney theme parks. The story follows pirate Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) and blacksmith Will Turner (Orlando Bloom) as they rescue the kidnapped Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley) from the cursed crew of the \"Black Pearl\", captained by",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl"
},
{
"id": "9346942",
"text": "was written and produced by French filmmaker Luc Besson. His 2012 film \"Kon-Tiki\" is the first Norwegian film to be nominated for a Golden Globe, and a Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards. The duo directed the fifth \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film, \"\" (2017). In 2016, Rønning directed the pilot for a new ABC thriller drama series titled \"Doomsday\" starring Rochelle Aytes and produced by Carol Mendelsohn and Sony TV. In 2017, it was announced that Paramount had bought an original project entitled \"Origin\" that will be directed by Rønning and was written by Rønning and",
"title": "Joachim Rønning"
},
{
"id": "18967423",
"text": "Coco (2017 film) Coco is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated fantasy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Based on an original idea by Lee Unkrich, it is directed by him and co-directed by Adrian Molina. The film's voice cast stars Anthony Gonzalez, Gael García Bernal, Benjamin Bratt, Alanna Ubach, Renée Victor, Ana Ofelia Murguía, and Edward James Olmos. The story follows a 12-year-old boy named Miguel who is accidentally transported to the Land of the Dead, where he seeks the help of his deceased musician great-great-grandfather to return him to his family among the",
"title": "Coco (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "9453755",
"text": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Jack Sparrow Pirates of the Caribbean: Jack Sparrow is a series for young readers of nine to twelve years written by Rob Kidd. The series is published by Disney Press and was written as a literary companion to the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" films. The events in the series take place before the events in the movies. The books are about Jack Sparrow's teen years before he becomes a pirate. It is followed by the series \"\", set thirteen years before \"\". All children's novels written by Rob Kidd. Although aimed at a somewhat young age",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Jack Sparrow"
},
{
"id": "13787957",
"text": "was scrapped. On February 5, 2010, Mackenzie Crook also announced he would not be reprising his role of Ragetti, stating, \"They haven't asked me. But actually I don't mind that at all. I'm a fan of the first one especially and I think the trilogy we've made is great. I'd almost like them to leave it there.\" New cast members include Ian McShane, who plays the notorious pirate and primary antagonist of the film, Blackbeard, and Penélope Cruz, who plays Angelica, Jack Sparrow's love interest. According to Marshall, McShane was chosen because \"he can play something evil but there's always",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides"
},
{
"id": "11751820",
"text": "starring Laguna Beach alum \"Talan Torriero\", with Danity Kane's \"Aubrey O'Day\". The movie also stars Pirates of the Caribbean's Martin Klebba and American Pie's Nikki Ziering. Sean Patrick Cannon Sean Patrick Cannon (born December 31, 1981) is an American film director and screenwriter based in Sherman Oaks, California, best known for the film \"American High School\". Cannon was born in New York City and moved to Los Angeles, California when he was 21 years old, to attend the American Film Institute. He also studied at Franklin & Marshall College, Vassar College, Rutgers University, Princeton University, and in the UK at",
"title": "Sean Patrick Cannon"
},
{
"id": "19981098",
"text": "The Children Act (film) The Children Act is a 2017 drama film directed by Richard Eyre, produced by Duncan Kenworthy, and written by Ian McEwan, based on his 2014 novel of the same name. It stars Emma Thompson, Stanley Tucci, and Fionn Whitehead. The film had its world premiere at the 42nd Toronto International Film Festival on 9 September 2017. and was released in the United Kingdom on 24 August 2018, by Entertainment One, and through DirecTV Cinema on 16 August 2018, before opening in the USA in a limited release on 14 September 2018, by A24. Fiona Maye is",
"title": "The Children Act (film)"
},
{
"id": "1286160",
"text": "Never Dies\", \"Pirates of the Caribbean\", \"The New World\", \"\", \"\" as well as independent films including \"Glengarry Glen Ross\" and \"Carrington\". His career in theatre has also been prolific, and he has won two Tony Awards—the first in 1977 for his Broadway debut in \"Comedians\", the second for his 1991 role as The Engineer in the musical \"Miss Saigon\". Initially in 2015, Pryce was a guest actor in the HBO series \"Game of Thrones\" as the High Sparrow before becoming a main cast member in 2016. Since early 2017, he stars in the series \"Taboo\", playing the role of",
"title": "Jonathan Pryce"
},
{
"id": "19014490",
"text": "Rebel in the Rye Rebel in the Rye is a 2017 American biographical drama film directed and written by Danny Strong. It is based on the book \"J. D. Salinger: A Life\" by Kenneth Slawenski, about the life of writer J. D. Salinger during and after World War II. The film stars Nicholas Hoult, Zoey Deutch, Kevin Spacey, Sarah Paulson, Brian d'Arcy James, Victor Garber, Hope Davis, and Lucy Boynton. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 24, 2017, and was released by IFC Films on September 8, 2017. The life of author J.",
"title": "Rebel in the Rye"
},
{
"id": "2175249",
"text": "fourth film was possible, and producer Jerry Bruckheimer expressed interest in a spin-off. Gore Verbinski concurred that \"all of the stories set in motion by the first film have been resolved. If there ever were another \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film, I would start fresh and focus on the further adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow.\" \"\" was first announced on September 28, 2008, during a Disney event at the Kodak Theater. Verbinski did not return to direct the fourth installment and was replaced by Rob Marshall. The movie uses elements from Tim Powers' novel of the same name, particularly Blackbeard",
"title": "Jack Sparrow"
},
{
"id": "19930610",
"text": "\"A well-crafted retelling of an epic true story, Kon Tiki is a throwback to old-school adventure filmmaking that's exciting and entertaining in spite of its by-the-book plotting\" and went on to be nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 85th Academy Awards and 70th Golden Globe Awards, and was also nominated for several other high-profile awards such as Satellite Awards and Norwegian Amanda Award In 2013, it was announced that the duo were expected to direct the fifth installment of \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" which was released in 2017 titled \"\". Roenberg Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg (collectively known",
"title": "Roenberg"
},
{
"id": "13787993",
"text": "siphon away much of the roguish charm that used to be Depp's stock and trade.\" The film was nominated for four Teen Choice Awards: Sci-Fi/Fantasy Movie, Sci-Fi/Fantasy Actor, Sci-Fi/Fantasy Actress, and Villain. Its trailer and TV spot were nominated for Golden Trailer Awards. The film won Best Movie for Mature Audiences Award at the 2012 Movieguide Awards. On May 29, 2013, it was announced that \"Kon-Tiki\" directors Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg would be directing \"Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales\". While earlier reports stated \"Dead Men Tell No Tales\" would be released between 2015 and 2016,",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides"
},
{
"id": "17842082",
"text": "is popular with the public. In August 2012, news surfaced that Depp had signed for the fifth film, earning to reprise his role. One month later, Penélope Cruz stated that in spite of her enjoying playing Angelica in \"On Stranger Tides\", she had not been contacted regarding a fifth film. Geoffrey Rush had commented on returning as Hector Barbossa in the fifth installment, saying \"If they keep shapeshifting this character, absolutely,\" and implied that he might return as the villain. In December 2014, Rush confirmed his return for the fifth installment, with Barbossa and Jack being \"at the heart of",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "9453859",
"text": "to the line well-known from the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" theme park attractions. Although, the film was given an alternative title, \"Salazar's Revenge\", in selected European, South American and Asian countries for marketing purposes. They also confirmed that they were working on the film, speaking highly of Jeff Nathanson's \"funny and touching\" script and that they are inspired by the first film, \"\". On September 10, 2013, Disney pushed back the film's initial 2015 release, with sources indicating that a Summer 2016 release is likely. Producer Jerry Bruckheimer revealed that script issues were behind the delay, and that Jeff Nathanson",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)"
},
{
"id": "20609636",
"text": "cast in the lead role. Later that month, Lily James and Kate McKinnon joined the cast. In April 2018, Ed Sheeran joined the cast and would potentially also write new music for the film, which would also include Beatles songs. Sheeran was confirmed to star later that month with Ana de Armas and Lamorne Morris joining the cast. In May 2018, Sophia Di Martino, Joel Fry and Harry Michell joined the cast. Filming began on April 21, 2018, with UK production starting on April 26, 2018, with scenes filmed in Clacton-on-Sea, Essex. A casting call was issued for extras in",
"title": "Untitled Danny Boyle/Richard Curtis film"
},
{
"id": "20539296",
"text": "debut in the NBC drama series, \"Mercy\". Following on from his first role, Bhatt won other roles on a variety of TV shows including \"Madam Secretary\", \"Younger\" and \"The Michael J. Fox Show\". In 2017, Bhatt starred as Young Harris in the comedy drama film, \"Ripped\" which was released in theaters on June 23, 2017. On January 17, 2018, it was announced by Deadline that Bhatt would star in a recurring role as Jagdeep Patel in the third season of the ABC thriller \"Quantico\". Vandit Bhatt Vandit Bhatt (born August 4, 1984) is an American actor, best known for his",
"title": "Vandit Bhatt"
},
{
"id": "17865262",
"text": "of 100, based on 9 critics, indicating \"generally unfavorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"C–\" on an A+ to F scale. Incarnate (film) Incarnate is a 2016 American supernatural horror film directed by Brad Peyton and written by Ronnie Christensen. It stars Aaron Eckhart, Carice van Houten, Catalina Sandino Moreno, David Mazouz, Keir O'Donnell, Matt Nable, and John Pirruccello. The film was released on December 2, 2016, by Blumhouse Tilt and High Top Releasing. An 11-year-old boy named Cameron Sparrow is attacked by a hooded stranger who tries to kill him. However, Cameron",
"title": "Incarnate (film)"
},
{
"id": "8769747",
"text": "film role. This film had its world premiere at WonderCon on March 31, 2017. The film was released through digital download on April 4, 2017, and through home media on April 18, 2017, by Warner Home Video. Additionally in the film, Crispin Freeman, Jason Spisak and Masasa Moyo reprise their respective roles from \"Young Justice\" as Roy Harper / Arsenal, Wally West / Kid Flash and Karen Beecher / Bumblebee. Five years ago, the original Teen Titans (consisting of Dick Grayson as Robin, Speedy, Kid Flash, Beast Boy and Bumblebee) rescue Princess Starfire of planet Tamaran from her captors sent",
"title": "Teen Titans: The Judas Contract"
},
{
"id": "9453845",
"text": "Captain Armando Salazar, escape from the Devil's Triangle, with the goal of killing every pirate at sea, including him. To survive, Jack seeks out the legendary Trident of Poseidon, a powerful artifact whose owner can control the seas and break curses. Shortly before the release of \"\", it was reported that Disney was planning to shoot the fifth and the sixth films back-to-back, although it was later revealed that only the fifth film was in development. On March 4, 2017, director Joachim Rønning stated that \"Dead Men Tell No Tales\" was only the beginning of the final adventure, implying that",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)"
},
{
"id": "16659559",
"text": "Avengers: Age of Ultron Avengers: Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \"The Avengers\" and the eleventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Bettany, Cobie Smulders, Anthony Mackie, Hayley Atwell, Idris Elba, Stellan Skarsgård,",
"title": "Avengers: Age of Ultron"
},
{
"id": "3589001",
"text": "of the Caribbean Online\". Elizabeth Swann Elizabeth Swann (later Elizabeth Turner) is a fictional character in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" film series. She appears in \"\" (2003) and three of its sequels, \"\" (2006), \"\" (2007) and \"\" (2017). She is portrayed by Keira Knightley (and as a child by Lucinda Dryzek in the prologue of \"The Curse of the Black Pearl\"). She is known to use the alias \"Elizabeth Turner\", but this later becomes her married name when she weds the character Will Turner (played by Orlando Bloom). Elizabeth is a spirited, intelligent, and independent-minded character whose beauty",
"title": "Elizabeth Swann"
},
{
"id": "11983598",
"text": "musical TV special \"The Passion\", which was released March 20, 2016 on fox. In 2017, Harper played the role of Robbie, a charming waiter at the resort who woos and then cheats on Baby's older sister, Lisa, in the TV movie \"Dirty Dancing\" for ABC. He played the role of Sam Grover in the indie film \"Flock of Four\". He also guest starred in the CBS dramas \"Code Black\" and \"Wisdom of the Crowd\". In 2018, Harper starred as Josh Wheaton in the third film in the franchise \"\". He also starred as Tom Paxton in the PixL original movie",
"title": "Shane Harper"
},
{
"id": "17842113",
"text": "more weeks. Internationally, where it is marketed as \"Salazar's Revenge\" in most countries, the film was released day-and-date with its North American debut in 54 markets (91% of its total marketplace, except Japan, where it debuted on July 1). Preliminary reports had the film opening to $150–175 million, but possibly overperforming depending on major markets, most notably China. While its Chinese run benefited from the May 28–30 Dragon Boat Festival—a lucrative moviegoing period—and from International Children's Day (June 1), the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing had a deteriorating effect on certain European markets over the film's opening weekend. From Wednesday to",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "17842093",
"text": "Orlando Bloom would return, Bloom arrived at the Gold Coast in late May to reprise his role as Will Turner. Scenes featuring a skeleton of a sperm whale that had been constructed were shot at Hastings Point from June 21 to 23. A number of issues and controversies set back the film during its production. The biosecurity laws in Australia posed problems regarding the capuchin monkeys that portray Hector Barbossa's pet monkey Jack, because the animals are regarded as a category 1 pest and call for strict requirements and a 30-day quarantine. Further controversy erupted from animal rights activist groups,",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "18702490",
"text": "in Disney films. Further cast announcements for Donnie Yen, Gong Li, Jet Li, and Xana Tang were made in April 2018, Utkarsh Ambudkar and Ron Yuan in May, Yoson An and Chum Ehelepola in June, Jason Scott Lee in July, Tzi Ma, Rosalind Chao, Cheng Pei-Pei, Nelson Lee, Jimmy Wong and Doua Moua in August, and Chen Tang in September. Disney originally sought an Asian director. Disney first considered Ang Lee, Taiwanese film director and two-time Academy Award winner for Best Director. \"The Hollywood Reporter\" mentioned that Lee was approached but declined on October 12, 2016. According to the report",
"title": "Mulan (2020 film)"
},
{
"id": "2175250",
"text": "and the Fountain of Youth, but the film is not a straight adaptation of the novel. Looking to do a family film, Johnny Depp visited the Walt Disney Studios in 2001 when he heard of plans to adapt the Pirates of the Caribbean ride into a film. Depp was excited by the possibility of reviving an old Hollywood genre, and found the script met his quirky sensibilities: the crew of the \"Black Pearl\" were not in search of treasure but trying to return it to lift a curse on them, and the traditional mutiny had already occurred. Depp was cast",
"title": "Jack Sparrow"
},
{
"id": "19112267",
"text": "would have left the door open for another installment. In February 2018, it was announced that Kasdan would direct the sequel, with Rosenberg and Pinkner again writing the script and Johnson, Hart, Black, Gillan and Jonas reprising their roles. Filming will begin in January 2019. The film is slated to be released December 13, 2019. According to Kevin Hart, the sequel will have the main four stars, Dwayne Johnson, Karen Gillan, Jack Black, Nick Jonas, and himself, back. The cast and crew will start shooting for the sequel by the end of January 2019. Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle Jumanji:",
"title": "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle"
},
{
"id": "3296492",
"text": "the roles of various people from the original clip. The video stars Brandon Quintin Adams (who also appears in the Smooth Criminal segment later in the film) as the young Michael Jackson, who would later star in \"The People Under the Stairs\", \"The Mighty Ducks\" and \"The Sandlot\". It also featured three of Michael's nephews Jermaine La Jaune Jackson, Jr. along with TJ and Taryll Jackson and a young Nikki Cox, who later starred in \"Unhappily Ever After\" and \"Las Vegas\". The singing group The Boys appeared as background dancers. \"Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog\" co-writer and co-creator/co-executive producer of \"Agents",
"title": "Moonwalker"
},
{
"id": "19981104",
"text": "On October 3, 2016, Stanley Tucci and Fionn Whitehead joined the cast. Production was set to begin in London in October 2016, and it was reported on December 8, 2016 that filming had wrapped. The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2017. Shortly after that, A24 and DirecTV Cinema acquired distribution rights to the film. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 24 August 2018 by Entertainment One. It is scheduled to be released in the United States through DirecTV Cinema on August 16, 2018, before being released in a",
"title": "The Children Act (film)"
},
{
"id": "19390565",
"text": "Dirty Dancing (2017 film) Dirty Dancing is a 2017 American television film directed by Wayne Blair and written by Jessica Sharzer. It is a remake of the 1987 film of the same name. The film stars Abigail Breslin, Colt Prattes, Debra Messing, Bruce Greenwood, Sarah Hyland, Nicole Scherzinger and Tony Roberts. It aired on May 24, 2017, on ABC. In its original broadcast, the film was seen by 6.61 million viewers with a 1.4 Nielsen rating in the 18-49 age demographic and a 5 share. It received negative reviews from a majority of critics, although Scherzinger's performance received praise. The",
"title": "Dirty Dancing (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18801291",
"text": "Snatched (2017 film) Snatched is a 2017 American comedy film directed by Jonathan Levine and written by Katie Dippold. The film stars Amy Schumer and Goldie Hawn (in her first film since 2002's \"The Banger Sisters\"), with Joan Cusack, Ike Barinholtz, Wanda Sykes and Christopher Meloni in supporting roles, and depicts a mother and daughter who are abducted while on vacation in South America. \"Snatched\" was premiered in New York City on May 2, 2017, was theatrically released on May 12, 2017 by 20th Century Fox. The film received mixed reviews and grossed $60 million worldwide on a $42 million",
"title": "Snatched (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "9453864",
"text": "done on film, so much so that audiences believed certain CGI elements of the films were real and done practically. However, the plots of the four sequels have received mixed reviews, with the general consensus that they are too bloated and convoluted to follow. \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" is noted for reinvigorating the pirate genre of film after decades of either no pirate films or failed pirate films. The success of the series saw Disney and Jerry Bruckheimer try to replicate the franchise's success by launching films such as \"\" and \"The Lone Ranger\", the latter of which directed by",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean (film series)"
},
{
"id": "11382289",
"text": "cult leader. Dourif is single and lives in Los Angeles http://collider.com/fiona-dourif-interview-the-purge/ Fiona Dourif Fiona Dourif (born October 30, 1981) is an American actress and producer. She is known for her role as Bart Curlish in BBC America's \"Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency\" and as the young Diane Jones in Dustin Lance Black's \"When We Rise\". She has appeared in Showtime's \"Shameless\" and in a recurring role on NBC's \"The Blacklist\". She played Nica Pierce in the 2013 horror film \"Curse of Chucky\" and its 2017 follow-up \"Cult of Chucky\", which are part of the \"Child's Play\" franchise. In 2018, she",
"title": "Fiona Dourif"
},
{
"id": "19582580",
"text": "adaptation of \"Murder on the Orient Express\" was moved into \"Red Sparrow\"s November slot. The first trailer for the film was released on September 14, 2017. The film premiered on February 15, 2018 at Newseum, and began a U.S. theatrical release on March 2. Overseas, \"Red Sparrow\" screened at FEST in Belgrade on February 28, 2018. It was released in the United Kingdom on March 1, 2018. \"Red Sparrow\" was released on digital streaming platforms on May 15, 2018. It was released on 4K UHD Blu-ray, Blu-ray and DVD on May 22, 2018. \"Red Sparrow\" grossed $46.8 million in the",
"title": "Red Sparrow"
},
{
"id": "1517079",
"text": "Davis's \"Mary Magdalene\", opposite Rooney Mara. It was released in the United Kingdom on March 16, 2018 to mixed reviews. The film's original distributor has been the cause of the film's delayed U.S. release. Later, Phoenix starred as Joe, a former FBI agent and Gulf War veteran suffering from PTSD, in the Amazon Studios thriller \"You Were Never Really Here\" (2017), written and directed by Lynne Ramsay. The film premiered in competition at the Cannes Film Festival, where it received wide critical acclaim, and won Phoenix the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor. The film began its US release",
"title": "Joaquin Phoenix"
},
{
"id": "2308992",
"text": "February 2017. Naomie Harris Naomie Melanie Harris (born 6 September 1976) is an English actress. She started her career as a child actress, appearing in the television series \"Simon and the Witch\" in 1987. She portrayed the voodoo witch Tia Dalma in the second and third \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" films, Selena in \"28 Days Later\", and Winnie Mandela in \"\". She garnered attention for her performance as Eve Moneypenny in the James Bond films \"Skyfall\" and \"Spectre\". In 2016, she starred in the critically acclaimed film \"Moonlight\", a performance which earned her several accolades, including Golden Globe, BAFTA, and",
"title": "Naomie Harris"
},
{
"id": "2136602",
"text": "blockbuster of the summer,\" acclaiming all the comic performances despite his disappointment with the swashbuckling sequences. The performance of Johnny Depp as Jack Sparrow was particularly praised by critics and audiences alike. Review site PopMatters applauds Depp's performance by saying \"Ingenious and mesmerizing, Johnny Depp embodies the film's essential fantasy, that a pirate's life is exciting and unfettered.\" James Berardinelli of ReelViews also applauds Depp's performance by saying \"\"Pirates of the Caribbean\" belongs to Johnny Depp...Take away Depp, and you're left with a derivative and dull motion picture.\" Roger Ebert acclaimed Depp and Rush's performances, with \"It can be said",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl"
},
{
"id": "17842112",
"text": "to negative reviews, franchise fatigue, and Johnny Depp's diminishing returns and depreciating public image, amid his personal problems. Still, it performed better than Disney's previous Memorial Day releases (\"\", \"Tomorrowland\" and \"Alice Through the Looking Glass\"), and studio executives said they were pleased with the movie's opening, which helped Disney push past $1 billion in the US. The film fell by a total of 65% in its second weekend, the worst of the series, grossing $22.1 million, and finishing in third place, after newcomers \"Wonder Woman\" ($103.3 million) and \"\" ($23.9 million). It remained in the top ten for four",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
},
{
"id": "2703289",
"text": "Jack Davenport Jack Arthur Davenport (born 1 March 1973) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles in the television series \"This Life\" and \"Coupling\", and as James Norrington in the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" series. He has also appeared in other Hollywood films, such as \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\". More recently, he was part of the ensemble cast in the drama series \"FlashForward\" and \"Smash\", and took the lead role in the 2013 ITV drama series \"Breathless\". Davenport, the son of actors Nigel Davenport and Maria Aitken, was born in Wimbledon, London, and lived in Ibiza,",
"title": "Jack Davenport"
},
{
"id": "18293477",
"text": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi Star Wars: The Last Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VIII – The Last Jedi) is a 2017 American space opera film written and directed by Rian Johnson. It is the second installment of the \"Star Wars\" sequel trilogy and the eighth installment of the main \"Star Wars\" film franchise, following \"\" (2015). It was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. The film's ensemble cast includes Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Adam Driver, Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher, Andy Serkis, Lupita Nyong'o, Domhnall Gleeson, Anthony Daniels, Gwendoline Christie, and",
"title": "Star Wars: The Last Jedi"
},
{
"id": "3588962",
"text": "Elizabeth proves to be a charismatic leader and inspires the other pirate lords to battle Cutler Beckett's fleet. Elizabeth's darker side is shown when she sacrifices Jack Sparrow to the Kraken so she and the crew can escape. However, she feels so guilty about it that she later helps rescue Sparrow from Davy Jones' Locker. Following the film's prologue, Elizabeth Swann is approximately 18 years old , about 5' 7\" tall with a slender figure, brown eyes, and dark blonde hair. Having been raised in upper-class society as a governor's daughter, Elizabeth is a refined and elegant young lady. In",
"title": "Elizabeth Swann"
},
{
"id": "17842079",
"text": "saying they needed a script and budget everyone would approve. Depp was also invited to collaborate on the script, with the actor believing it would be the last of the franchise and wanting to end it right. After the script was accepted, the film was officially green-lit by Disney in July 2014, with a planned release on July 7, 2017. The directors were inspired by the first film, \"\", stating that the original is thrilling but above all a comedy with heart, and wanted to reinvent the \"structure and the dynamics between the characters.\" In addition to recapturing the best",
"title": "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales"
}
] | who plays the young jack sparrow in the new pirates of the caribbean movie |
[
"the people of France"
] | [
{
"id": "388698",
"text": "Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and built by Gustave Eiffel. The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886. The Statue of Liberty is a figure of Libertas, a robed Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388701",
"text": "the pedestal was threatened by lack of funds. Publisher Joseph Pulitzer, of the \"New York World\", started a drive for donations to finish the project and attracted more than 120,000 contributors, most of whom gave less than a dollar. The statue was built in France, shipped overseas in crates, and assembled on the completed pedestal on what was then called Bedloe's Island. The statue's completion was marked by New York's first ticker-tape parade and a dedication ceremony presided over by President Grover Cleveland. The statue was administered by the United States Lighthouse Board until 1901 and then by the Department",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "560999",
"text": "its origins to a trading post founded by colonists from the Dutch Republic in 1624 on Lower Manhattan; the post was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The territory and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed \"New York\" after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. New York, based in present-day Manhattan, served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries",
"title": "Manhattan"
},
{
"id": "388731",
"text": "Suez Canal. The completed statue was formally presented to Ambassador Morton at a ceremony in Paris on July 4, 1884, and de Lesseps announced that the French government had agreed to pay for its transport to New York. The statue remained intact in Paris pending sufficient progress on the pedestal; by January 1885, this had occurred and the statue was disassembled and crated for its ocean voyage. The committees in the United States faced great difficulties in obtaining funds for the construction of the pedestal. The Panic of 1873 had led to an economic depression that persisted through much of",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388700",
"text": "U.S. peoples. Because of the post-war instability in France, work on the statue did not commence until the early 1870s. In 1875, Laboulaye proposed that the French finance the statue and the U.S. provide the site and build the pedestal. Bartholdi completed the head and the torch-bearing arm before the statue was fully designed, and these pieces were exhibited for publicity at international expositions. The torch-bearing arm was displayed at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876, and in Madison Square Park in Manhattan from 1876 to 1882. Fundraising proved difficult, especially for the Americans, and by 1885 work on",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388724",
"text": "pay for the foundation and pedestal were formed in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. The New York group eventually took on most of the responsibility for American fundraising and is often referred to as the \"American Committee\". One of its members was 19-year-old Theodore Roosevelt, the future governor of New York and president of the United States. On March 3, 1877, on his final full day in office, President Grant signed a joint resolution that authorized the President to accept the statue when it was presented by France and to select a site for it. President Rutherford B. Hayes, who",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2495104",
"text": "was a gift from the people of France to mark the American Centennial. It was agreed that the Congress would authorize the acceptance of the statue by the President of the United States, and that the War Department would facilitate its construction and presentation. The construction of the statue was completed in France in July 1884. The cornerstone was laid on August 5, 1884, and after some funding delays, construction of the pedestal was finished on April 22, 1886. The statue arrived in New York Harbor on June 17, 1885, on board the French frigate \"Isère\", was stored for eleven",
"title": "Liberty Island"
},
{
"id": "388755",
"text": "After the United States entered World War I in 1917, images of the statue were heavily used in both recruitment posters and the Liberty Bond drives that urged American citizens to support the war financially. This impressed upon the public the war's stated purpose—to secure liberty—and served as a reminder that embattled France had given the United States the statue. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge used his authority under the Antiquities Act to declare the statue a National Monument. The only successful suicide in the statue's history occurred five years later, when a man climbed out of one of the",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388742",
"text": "in, the committee resumed work on the pedestal. On June 17, 1885, the French steamer \"Isère\", arrived in New York with the crates holding the disassembled statue on board. New Yorkers displayed their new-found enthusiasm for the statue. Two hundred thousand people lined the docks and hundreds of boats put to sea to welcome the ship. After five months of daily calls to donate to the statue fund, on August 11, 1885, the \"World\" announced that $102,000 had been raised from 120,000 donors, and that 80 percent of the total had been received in sums of less than one dollar.",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388750",
"text": "United States in 1893, he made additional suggestions, all of which proved ineffective. He did successfully lobby for improved lighting within the statue, allowing visitors to better appreciate Eiffel's design. In 1901, President Theodore Roosevelt, once a member of the New York committee, ordered the statue's transfer to the War Department, as it had proved useless as a lighthouse. A unit of the Army Signal Corps was stationed on Bedloe's Island until 1923, after which military police remained there while the island was under military jurisdiction. The statue rapidly became a landmark. Many immigrants who entered through New York saw",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388729",
"text": "the Eiffel factory in the nearby Parisian suburb of Levallois-Perret. The change in structural material from masonry to iron allowed Bartholdi to change his plans for the statue's assembly. He had originally expected to assemble the skin on-site as the masonry pier was built; instead he decided to build the statue in France and have it disassembled and transported to the United States for reassembly in place on Bedloe's Island. In a symbolic act, the first rivet placed into the skin, fixing a copper plate onto the statue's big toe, was driven by United States Ambassador to France Levi P.",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2109495",
"text": "the voyage, the ship began to leak and stopped in Gibraltar for repairs. After leaving Gibraltar, the ship began leaking again to the point that it could go no farther than Bermuda, where the model was stored until other transportation could be arranged. Half of the crates finally arrived in New York City in December, but all sections were not in Washington, D.C. until late March 1859. Beginning in 1860, the statue was cast in five main sections by Clark Mills, whose bronze foundry was located on the outskirts of Washington. Work was halted in 1861 because of the Civil",
"title": "Statue of Freedom"
},
{
"id": "7941785",
"text": "of the great epics in the struggle for human freedom–the liberation of the Philippines.” Fast forward to 1950, the Boy Scouts of America was celebrating its 40th anniversary. Jack P. Whitaker, then Scout Commissioner of the Kansas City Area Council, had earlier suggested the creation and distribution of several Statue of Liberty replicas to all American states and territories, including the Philippines. The eight-foot statues, which were cast in bronze, were distributed all over the U.S. and the world from 1949 to 1951. Almost 200 replicas were delivered to the 39 states of the U.S. and countries such as Panama",
"title": "Replicas of the Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "18000158",
"text": "\"to free the oppressed\", is the motto of the Green Berets, who inspired the monument. A piece of steel from the original World Trade Center is embedded in the base. It is the first public monument to honor United States special forces. The $750,000 cost of statue was donated by hundreds of private citizens, including some survivors of the September 11 attacks. The statue was temporarily located in the West Street Lobby inside One World Financial Center in New York City opposite Ground Zero. On September 13, 2016, the statue was rededicated once again on an elevated space on the",
"title": "Liberty Park"
},
{
"id": "388744",
"text": "of Engineers vetoed the proposal, fearing that ships' pilots passing the statue would be blinded. Instead, Bartholdi cut portholes in the torch—which was covered with gold leaf—and placed the lights inside them. A power plant was installed on the island to light the torch and for other electrical needs. After the skin was completed, renowned landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, co-designer of New York's Central Park and Brooklyn's Prospect Park, supervised a cleanup of Bedloe's Island in anticipation of the dedication. A ceremony of dedication was held on the afternoon of October 28, 1886. President Grover Cleveland, the former New",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388756",
"text": "windows in the crown and jumped to his death, glancing off the statue's breast and landing on the base. In 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt ordered the statue to be transferred to the National Park Service (NPS). In 1937, the NPS gained jurisdiction over the rest of Bedloe's Island. With the Army's departure, the NPS began to transform the island into a park. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) demolished most of the old buildings, regraded and reseeded the eastern end of the island, and built granite steps for a new public entrance to the statue from its rear. The WPA also",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388754",
"text": "for an exterior lighting system to illuminate the statue at night. He claimed over 80,000 contributors, but failed to reach the goal. The difference was quietly made up by a gift from a wealthy donor—a fact that was not revealed until 1936. An underwater power cable brought electricity from the mainland and floodlights were placed along the walls of Fort Wood. Gutzon Borglum, who later sculpted Mount Rushmore, redesigned the torch, replacing much of the original copper with stained glass. On December 2, 1916, President Woodrow Wilson pressed the telegraph key that turned on the lights, successfully illuminating the statue.",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388723",
"text": "an outsized fountain designed by Bartholdi. Nevertheless, the arm proved popular in the exhibition's waning days, and visitors would climb up to the balcony of the torch to view the fairgrounds. After the exhibition closed, the arm was transported to New York, where it remained on display in Madison Square Park for several years before it was returned to France to join the rest of the statue. During his second trip to the United States, Bartholdi addressed a number of groups about the project, and urged the formation of American committees of the Franco-American Union. Committees to raise money to",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388699",
"text": "carries a \"tabula ansata\" inscribed in Roman numerals with \"JULY IV MDCCLXXVI\" (July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, a national park tourism destination, and is a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad. Bartholdi was inspired by a French law professor and politician, Édouard René de Laboulaye, who is said to have commented in 1865 that any monument raised to U.S. independence would properly be a joint project of the French and",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2495095",
"text": "Liberty Island Liberty Island is a federally owned island in Upper New York Bay in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty (\"Liberty Enlightening the World\"). The island is an exclave of the New York City borough of Manhattan, surrounded by the waters of Jersey City, New Jersey. Long known as Bedloe's Island, it was renamed by an act of the United States Congress in 1956. Liberty Island became part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument in 1937 through Presidential Proclamation 2250, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1966, it was listed",
"title": "Liberty Island"
},
{
"id": "7385977",
"text": "Statue of Liberty National Monument The Statue of Liberty National Monument is a United States National Monument located in the U.S. states of New Jersey and New York comprising Liberty Island and Ellis Island. It includes \"Liberty Enlightening the World\", commonly known as the Statue of Liberty, situated on Liberty Island, and the former immigration station at Ellis Island, including the Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital. The monument is managed by the National Park Service as part of the National Parks of New York Harbor office. President Calvin Coolidge used his authority under the Antiquities Act to declare the statue a",
"title": "Statue of Liberty National Monument"
},
{
"id": "388707",
"text": "the war, Napoleon III was captured and deposed. Bartholdi's home province of Alsace was lost to the Prussians, and a more liberal republic was installed in France. As Bartholdi had been planning a trip to the United States, he and Laboulaye decided the time was right to discuss the idea with influential Americans. In June 1871, Bartholdi crossed the Atlantic, with letters of introduction signed by Laboulaye. Arriving at New York Harbor, Bartholdi focused on Bedloe's Island (now named Liberty Island) as a site for the statue, struck by the fact that vessels arriving in New York had to sail",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388711",
"text": "as an embodiment of the United States in the manner that Britannia was identified with the United Kingdom and Marianne came to represent France. Columbia had supplanted the earlier figure of an Indian princess, which had come to be regarded as uncivilized and derogatory toward Americans. The other significant female icon in American culture was a representation of Liberty, derived from Libertas, the goddess of freedom widely worshipped in ancient Rome, especially among emancipated slaves. A Liberty figure adorned most American coins of the time, and representations of Liberty appeared in popular and civic art, including Thomas Crawford's \"Statue of",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388722",
"text": "Gauthier & Co. workshop. In May 1876, Bartholdi traveled to the United States as a member of a French delegation to the Centennial Exhibition, and arranged for a huge painting of the statue to be shown in New York as part of the Centennial festivities. The arm did not arrive in Philadelphia until August; because of its late arrival, it was not listed in the exhibition catalogue, and while some reports correctly identified the work, others called it the \"Colossal Arm\" or \"Bartholdi Electric Light\". The exhibition grounds contained a number of monumental artworks to compete for fairgoers' interest, including",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388702",
"text": "of War; since 1933 it has been maintained by the National Park Service. Public access to the balcony around the torch has been barred for safety since 1916. According to the National Park Service, the idea for the Statue of Liberty was first proposed by Édouard René de Laboulaye, president of the French Anti-Slavery Society and a prominent and important political thinker of his time. The project is traced to a mid-1865 conversation between de Laboulaye, a staunch abolitionist, and Frédéric Bartholdi, a sculptor. In after-dinner conversation at his home near Versailles, Laboulaye, an ardent supporter of the Union in",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2109497",
"text": "which was hoisted by former slaves in sections and assembled atop the cast-iron pedestal. The final section, the figure's head and shoulders, was raised on December 2, 1863, to a salute of 35 guns answered by the guns of the 12 forts around Washington, D.C. On May 9, 1993, after being in place almost 130 years, the statue was brought down from its pedestal by helicopter for restoration, giving tourists a chance to see the statue up close. The work was needed because of extensive pitting and corrosion on the surface of the bronze and because of a crack and",
"title": "Statue of Freedom"
},
{
"id": "388708",
"text": "past it. He was delighted to learn that the island was owned by the United States government—it had been ceded by the New York State Legislature in 1800 for harbor defense. It was thus, as he put it in a letter to Laboulaye: \"land common to all the states.\" As well as meeting many influential New Yorkers, Bartholdi visited President Ulysses S. Grant, who assured him that it would not be difficult to obtain the site for the statue. Bartholdi crossed the United States twice by rail, and met many Americans who he thought would be sympathetic to the project.",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388778",
"text": "and opportunity.\" Hundreds of replicas of the Statue of Liberty are displayed worldwide. A smaller version of the statue, one-fourth the height of the original, was given by the American community in Paris to that city. It now stands on the Île aux Cygnes, facing west toward her larger sister. A replica tall stood atop the Liberty Warehouse on West 64th Street in Manhattan for many years; it now resides at the Brooklyn Museum. In a patriotic tribute, the Boy Scouts of America, as part of their Strengthen the Arm of Liberty campaign in 1949–1952, donated about two hundred replicas",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388770",
"text": "Anthony Weiner made the statue's reopening a personal crusade. On May 17, 2009, President Barack Obama's Secretary of the Interior, Ken Salazar, announced that as a \"special gift\" to America, the statue would be reopened to the public as of July 4, but that only a limited number of people would be permitted to ascend to the crown each day. The statue, including the pedestal and base, closed on October 29, 2011, for installation of new elevators and staircases and to bring other facilities, such as restrooms, up to code. The statue was reopened on October 28, 2012, only to",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2495115",
"text": "Utility services, including electricity, water, and sewage, to Liberty and Ellis Islands are provided from the New Jersey side. Mail is delivered from Battery Park. Liberty Island Liberty Island is a federally owned island in Upper New York Bay in the United States, best known as the location of the Statue of Liberty (\"Liberty Enlightening the World\"). The island is an exclave of the New York City borough of Manhattan, surrounded by the waters of Jersey City, New Jersey. Long known as Bedloe's Island, it was renamed by an act of the United States Congress in 1956. Liberty Island became",
"title": "Liberty Island"
},
{
"id": "388779",
"text": "of the statue, made of stamped copper and in height, to states and municipalities across the United States. Though not a true replica, the statue known as the Goddess of Democracy temporarily erected during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 was similarly inspired by French democratic traditions—the sculptors took care to avoid a direct imitation of the Statue of Liberty. Among other recreations of New York City structures, a replica of the statue is part of the exterior of the New York-New York Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. As an American icon, the Statue of Liberty has been depicted",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388761",
"text": "Puerto Rican independence, opposition to abortion, and opposition to US intervention in Grenada. Demonstrations with the permission of the Park Service included a Gay Pride Parade rally and the annual Captive Baltic Nations rally. A powerful new lighting system was installed in advance of the American Bicentennial in 1976. The statue was the focal point for Operation Sail, a regatta of tall ships from all over the world that entered New York Harbor on July 4, 1976, and sailed around Liberty Island. The day concluded with a spectacular display of fireworks near the statue. The statue was examined in great",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388719",
"text": "of the Franco-American Union as its fundraising arm. With the announcement, the statue was given a name, \"Liberty Enlightening the World\". The French would finance the statue; Americans would be expected to pay for the pedestal. The announcement provoked a generally favorable reaction in France, though many Frenchmen resented the United States for not coming to their aid during the war with Prussia. French monarchists opposed the statue, if for no other reason than it was proposed by the liberal Laboulaye, who had recently been elected a senator for life. Laboulaye arranged events designed to appeal to the rich and",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388780",
"text": "on the country's coinage and stamps. It appeared on commemorative coins issued to mark its 1986 centennial, and on New York's 2001 entry in the state quarters series. An image of the statue was chosen for the American Eagle platinum bullion coins in 1997, and it was placed on the reverse, or tails, side of the Presidential Dollar series of circulating coins. Two images of the statue's torch appear on the current ten-dollar bill. The statue's intended photographic depiction on a 2010 forever stamp proved instead to be of the replica at the Las Vegas casino. Depictions of the statue",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388783",
"text": "it is seen half-buried in sand. It is knocked over in the science-fiction film \"Independence Day\" and in \"Cloverfield\" the head is ripped off. In Jack Finney's time-travel novel \"Time and Again\", the right arm of the statue, on display in the early 1880s in Madison Square Park, plays a crucial role. Robert Holdstock, consulting editor of \"The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction\", wondered in 1979: Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue,",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388721",
"text": "the Panama Canal. The copper may have come from multiple sources and some of it is said to have come from a mine in Visnes, Norway, though this has not been conclusively determined after testing samples. According to Cara Sutherland in her book on the statue for the Museum of the City of New York, was needed to build the statue, and the French copper industrialist Eugène Secrétan donated of copper. Although plans for the statue had not been finalized, Bartholdi moved forward with fabrication of the right arm, bearing the torch, and the head. Work began at the Gaget,",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388746",
"text": "the parade could pass in front of the \"World\" building on Park Row. As the parade passed the New York Stock Exchange, traders threw ticker tape from the windows, beginning the New York tradition of the ticker-tape parade. A nautical parade began at 12:45 p.m., and President Cleveland embarked on a yacht that took him across the harbor to Bedloe's Island for the dedication. De Lesseps made the first speech, on behalf of the French committee, followed by the chairman of the New York committee, Senator William M. Evarts. A French flag draped across the statue's face was to be",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "13762568",
"text": "Bartholdi Fountain The Bartholdi Fountain is a monumental public fountain, designed by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, who later created the Statue of Liberty. The fountain was originally made for the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and is now located at the corner of Independence Avenue and First Street, SW, in the United States Botanic Garden, on the grounds of the United States Capitol, in Washington D.C.. The Fountain of Light and Water, commonly called the Bartholdi fountain, was created for the 1876 Philadelphia Exposition which celebrated the 100th birthday of the United States. It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric",
"title": "Bartholdi Fountain"
},
{
"id": "13762563",
"text": "Bartholdi Fountain The Bartholdi Fountain is a monumental public fountain, designed by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, who later created the Statue of Liberty. The fountain was originally made for the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and is now located at the corner of Independence Avenue and First Street, SW, in the United States Botanic Garden, on the grounds of the United States Capitol, in Washington D.C.. The Fountain of Light and Water, commonly called the Bartholdi fountain, was created for the 1876 Philadelphia Exposition which celebrated the 100th birthday of the United States. It was designed by French sculptor Frédéric",
"title": "Bartholdi Fountain"
},
{
"id": "388704",
"text": "the Union's victory in the Civil War in 1865, Laboulaye's wishes of freedom and democracy were turning into a reality in the United States. In order to honor these achievements, Laboulaye proposed that a gift be built for the United States on behalf of France. Laboulaye hoped that by calling attention to the recent achievements of the United States, the French people would be inspired to call for their own democracy in the face of a repressive monarchy.\" According to sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, who later recounted the story, Laboulaye's comment was not intended as a proposal, but it inspired",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2109500",
"text": "\"Statue of Freedom\" has appeared on several official designs, akin to the Statue of Liberty. The head of the statue is depicted on a postage stamp (1923, USA Scott No. 573), which was re-issued in 2006. The entire statue is depicted on a stamp commemorating the 150th anniversary of Washington, D.C. (1950, USA Scott No. 989). It can also be found on the reverse side of the Iraq Campaign Medal decoration that was authorized to be awarded to members of the U.S. military who deployed to Iraq in direct support of the Iraq War. The Global War on Terrorism Civilian",
"title": "Statue of Freedom"
},
{
"id": "2079987",
"text": "States from 1785 until 1790, after which the capital moved to Philadelphia. New York City has been the country's largest city since 1790. In 1792, the Buttonwood Agreement, made by a group of merchants, created what is now the New York Stock Exchange in Lower Manhattan. Today, many people in the metropolitan area work in this important stock exchange. The Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy. Large-scale",
"title": "New York metropolitan area"
},
{
"id": "156624",
"text": "engineer to help him to realise the Statue of Liberty. Some work had already been carried out by Eugène Viollet-Le-Duc, but he had died in 1879. Eiffel was selected because of his experience with wind stresses. Eiffel devised a structure consisting of a four-legged pylon to support the copper sheeting which made up the body of the statue. The entire statue was erected at the Eiffel works in Paris before being dismantled and shipped to the United States. In 1886 Eiffel also designed the dome for the Astronomical Observatory in Nice. This was the most important building in a complex",
"title": "Gustave Eiffel"
},
{
"id": "3105166",
"text": "the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a world symbol of the United States and its ideals of liberty and peace. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance, and environmental sustainability, and as a symbol of freedom and cultural diversity. Many districts and landmarks in New York City are well known, with the city",
"title": "New York City"
},
{
"id": "388769",
"text": "he stated, \"We are the keepers of the flame of liberty; we hold it high for the world to see.\" Following the September 11 attacks, the statue and Liberty Island were immediately closed to the public. The island reopened at the end of 2001, while the pedestal and statue remained off-limits. The pedestal reopened in August 2004, but the National Park Service announced that visitors could not safely be given access to the statue due to the difficulty of evacuation in an emergency. The Park Service adhered to that position through the remainder of the Bush administration. New York Congressman",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388734",
"text": "inside Fort Wood, a disused army base on Bedloe's Island constructed between 1807 and 1811. Since 1823, it had rarely been used, though during the Civil War, it had served as a recruiting station. The fortifications of the structure were in the shape of an eleven-point star. The statue's foundation and pedestal were aligned so that it would face southeast, greeting ships entering the harbor from the Atlantic Ocean. In 1881, the New York committee commissioned Richard Morris Hunt to design the pedestal. Within months, Hunt submitted a detailed plan, indicating that he expected construction to take about nine months.",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388753",
"text": "Park, close to Bedloe's Island. Carloads of dynamite and other explosives that were being sent to Britain and France for their war efforts were detonated, and seven people were killed. The statue sustained minor damage, mostly to the torch-bearing right arm, and was closed for ten days. The cost to repair the statue and buildings on the island was about . The narrow ascent to the torch was closed for public-safety reasons, and it has remained closed ever since. That same year, Ralph Pulitzer, who had succeeded his father Joseph as publisher of the \"World\", began a drive to raise",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2109494",
"text": "his aide, Captain Montgomery Meigs, with orders to remove the cap, saying that \"its history renders it inappropriate to a people who were born free and would not be enslaved\". A military helmet, with an American eagle head and crest of feathers, replaced the cap in the sculpture's final version. (Today many casual observers take the statue, with its eagle and feathers, to be a Native American.) Crawford died in 1857 before the full-size plaster model left his studio. The model, packed into six crates, was shipped from Italy in a small sailing vessel in the spring of 1858. During",
"title": "Statue of Freedom"
},
{
"id": "18974247",
"text": "Statua della Libertà Statua della Libertà () is a statue in Piazza della Libertà, City of San Marino in Italy. Translated this means \"Statue of Liberty\", not to be confused with the statue in New York City, United States. The Statua della Libertà, made in the neoclassical style of white Carrara marble and is located between Parva Domus and the Palazzo Pubblico. It is a work of the sculptor Stefano Galletti and was donated by Countess Otilia Heyroth Wagener from Berlin to the Republic in 1876, because she had become Countess of Acquaviva. The statue symbolizes freedom. Freedom is represented",
"title": "Statua della Libertà"
},
{
"id": "2109499",
"text": "was returned to its pedestal by helicopter on October 23, 1993, amid the celebration of the bicentennial of the U.S. Capitol. Since then, every 2–3 years, the statue undergoes two weeks of cleaning and recoating as necessary. The plaster model of the statue, in storage for 25 years, was reassembled and restored in the basement rotunda of the Russell Senate Office Building, where it was returned to permanent public display in January 1993. The plaster model was relocated to the Emancipation Hall of the Capitol Visitor Center, which provides more visitors access to look at the statue's details. The well-known",
"title": "Statue of Freedom"
},
{
"id": "388703",
"text": "the American Civil War, is supposed to have said: \"If a monument should rise in the United States, as a memorial to their independence, I should think it only natural if it were built by united effort—a common work of both our nations.\" The National Park Service, in a 2000 report, however, deemed this a legend traced to an 1885 fundraising pamphlet, and that the statue was most likely conceived in 1870. In another essay on their website, the Park Service suggested that Laboulaye was minded to honor the Union victory and its consequences, \"With the abolition of slavery and",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "7385982",
"text": "have variously been the subject of a colonial land grant, a provincial governor's directive, and an interstate compact, as well as several court cases and U.S. Supreme Court decisions. Liberty Island and the acreage on Ellis Island are part of New York City which are completely surrounded by the municipal borders of Jersey City, including created by land reclamation at Ellis Island and riparian areas. Jurisdiction not superseded by the federal government falls to the appropriate state. Statue of Liberty: Ellis Island: Jurisdiction: Ellis Island: Statue of Liberty National Monument The Statue of Liberty National Monument is a United States",
"title": "Statue of Liberty National Monument"
},
{
"id": "388774",
"text": "Upper New York Bay on Liberty Island south of Ellis Island, which together comprise the Statue of Liberty National Monument. Both islands were ceded by New York to the federal government in 1800. As agreed in an 1834 compact between New York and New Jersey that set the state border at the bay's midpoint, the original islands remain New York territory though located on the New Jersey side of the state line. Liberty Island is one of the islands that are part of the borough of Manhattan in New York. Land created by reclamation added to the original island at",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388759",
"text": "Congress officially renamed Bedloe's Island as Liberty Island, a change advocated by Bartholdi generations earlier. The act also mentioned the efforts to found an American Museum of Immigration on the island, which backers took as federal approval of the project, though the government was slow to grant funds for it. Nearby Ellis Island was made part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument by proclamation of President Lyndon Johnson in 1965. In 1972, the immigration museum, in the statue's base, was finally opened in a ceremony led by President Richard Nixon. The museum's backers never provided it with an endowment",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2357279",
"text": "The painting inspired Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi's \"Liberty Enlightening the World\", known as the Statue of Liberty in New York City, which was given to the United States as a gift from the French a half-century after \"Liberty Leading the People\" was painted. The statue, which holds a torch in its hand, takes a more stable, immovable stance than that of the woman in the painting. An engraved version of part of the painting, along with a depiction of Delacroix, was featured on the 100 franc note from 1978 to 1995. The painting has had an influence on classical music. George",
"title": "Liberty Leading the People"
},
{
"id": "17012148",
"text": "arguably the more famous statue, at least until Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi completed \"Lady Liberty\" in Paris in 1884, and it was shipped to the United States in 1885. Despite one major mishap – the upper half of the soldier fell into the Potomac River while being unloaded at Washington, D.C. – the statue was transported by canal barge to Sharpsburg, and carried on rollers to the National Cemetery. Installed on a new and taller pedestal (attributed to architect George Keller), the monument was dedicated on September 17, 1880 – the eighteenth anniversary of the battle. George Hess, the first superintendent",
"title": "The American Volunteer (statue)"
},
{
"id": "5022755",
"text": "Statue of Liberty in popular culture After its unveiling in 1886, the Statue of Liberty (\"Liberty Enlightening the World\") quickly became iconic, and began to be featured on countless posters, and in pictures and books. The statue's likeness has also appeared in motion pictures, television programs, music videos, and video games, and its likeness has been used in logos, on commemorative coins, and in theatrical productions. It remains a popular local, national, and international political symbol of freedom. As a famous landmark, damage and destruction of the statue has been used to symbolize the end of mankind or the destruction",
"title": "Statue of Liberty in popular culture"
},
{
"id": "388741",
"text": "donated \"60 cents, the result of self denial.\" One donor gave \"five cents as a poor office boy's mite toward the Pedestal Fund.\" A group of children sent a dollar as \"the money we saved to go to the circus with.\" Another dollar was given by a \"lonely and very aged woman.\" Residents of a home for alcoholics in New York's rival city of Brooklyn—the cities would not merge until 1898—donated $15; other drinkers helped out through donation boxes in bars and saloons. A kindergarten class in Davenport, Iowa, mailed the \"World\" a gift of $1.35. As the donations flooded",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388713",
"text": "be fully dressed in flowing robes. Instead of the impression of violence in the Delacroix work, Bartholdi wished to give the statue a peaceful appearance and chose a torch, representing progress, for the figure to hold. Crawford's statue was designed in the early 1850s. It was originally to be crowned with a \"pileus\", the cap given to emancipated slaves in ancient Rome. Secretary of War Jefferson Davis, a Southerner who would later serve as President of the Confederate States of America, was concerned that the \"pileus\" would be taken as an abolitionist symbol. He ordered that it be changed to",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "18000157",
"text": "the War in Afghanistan, was unveiled to the public during the Veteran's Day Parade in New York City on November 11, 2011. The statue was dedicated in a ceremony led by Vice President Joe Biden and Lieutenant-General John Mulholland, commander of U.S. Army Special Operations Command and formerly commander of Task Force Dagger during the initial days of the War in Afghanistan. Soldiers representing the United States Army Special Operations Command attended the dedication ceremony. The inscription at base of the sculpture bears its name, \"America's Response Monument\", and the Latin subtitle \"De Oppresso Liber\". The subtitle, traditionally translated as",
"title": "Liberty Park"
},
{
"id": "388752",
"text": "public protest against the proposed exterior painting. The Army Corps of Engineers studied the patina for any ill effects to the statue and concluded that it protected the skin, \"softened the outlines of the Statue and made it beautiful.\" The statue was painted only on the inside. The Corps of Engineers also installed an elevator to take visitors from the base to the top of the pedestal. On July 30, 1916, during World War I, German saboteurs set off a disastrous explosion on the Black Tom peninsula in Jersey City, New Jersey, in what is now part of Liberty State",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388749",
"text": "the United States became a free nation \"in reality\": When the torch was illuminated on the evening of the statue's dedication, it produced only a faint gleam, barely visible from Manhattan. The \"World\" characterized it as \"more like a glowworm than a beacon.\" Bartholdi suggested gilding the statue to increase its ability to reflect light, but this proved too expensive. The United States Lighthouse Board took over the Statue of Liberty in 1887 and pledged to install equipment to enhance the torch's effect; in spite of its efforts, the statue remained virtually invisible at night. When Bartholdi returned to the",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388760",
"text": "to secure its future and it closed in 1991 after the opening of an immigration museum on Ellis Island. In 1970, Ivy Bottini led a demonstration at the statue where she and others from the National Organization for Women's New York chapter draped an enormous banner over a railing which read \"WOMEN OF THE WORLD UNITE!\" Beginning December 26, 1971, 15 anti-Vietnam War veterans occupied the statue, flying a US flag upside down from her crown. They left December 28 following a Federal Court order. The statue was also several times taken over briefly by demonstrators publicizing causes such as",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "7941765",
"text": "This statue was given in 1889 to France by U.S. citizens living in Paris to celebrate the French Revolution three years after the main statue in New York was inaugurated. In 1937, the statue was turned from looking east to looking west straight to the direction of the New York's statue. The statue is near the Grenelle Bridge on the Île aux Cygnes, a man-made island in the Seine (). It is high and weighs 14 tons. Inaugurated on July 4, 1889, it looks southwest, downriver along the Seine. Its tablet bears two dates: \"IV JUILLET 1776\" (July 4, 1776:",
"title": "Replicas of the Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388738",
"text": "by Gustave Eiffel. Fundraising for the statue had begun in 1882. The committee organized a large number of money-raising events. As part of one such effort, an auction of art and manuscripts, poet Emma Lazarus was asked to donate an original work. She initially declined, stating she could not write a poem about a statue. At the time, she was also involved in aiding refugees to New York who had fled anti-Semitic pogroms in eastern Europe. These refugees were forced to live in conditions that the wealthy Lazarus had never experienced. She saw a way to express her empathy for",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "12650418",
"text": "on the move. This symbol of Liberty and Freedom is not standing still or at attention in the harbor, it is moving forward, as her left foot tramples broken shackles at her feet, in symbolism of the United States' wish to be free from oppression and tyranny. Between 1949 and 1952, approximately two hundred 100-inch (2.5 m) replicas of the statue, made of stamped copper, were purchased by Boy Scout troops and donated in 39 states in the U.S. and several of its possessions and territories. The project was the brainchild of Kansas City businessman, J.P. Whitaker, who was then",
"title": "Strengthen the Arm of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "4029859",
"text": "in the 1970s. It is currently administered by the National Park Service and is a departure point for visitors to the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island. It appears today much as it did in its earliest days; it has a museum and is again called Castle Clinton. Castle Clinton Castle Clinton or Fort Clinton, previously known as Castle Garden, is a circular sandstone fort now located in Battery Park, in Manhattan, New York City. It is perhaps best remembered as America's first immigration station (predating Ellis Island), where more than 8 million people arrived in the United States from",
"title": "Castle Clinton"
},
{
"id": "7385979",
"text": "Inside the statue, a plaque is engraved with words from \"The New Colossus\", the poem by Emma Lazarus: The national monument is located in Upper New York Bay east of Liberty State Park in Jersey City, New Jersey and southwest of Battery Park at the tip of Manhattan in New York City. Entrance is free, but there is a charge for the ferry service that all visitors must use. In 2007, a concession was granted to Statue Cruises to operate the transportation and ticketing facilities, replacing the Circle Line which had operated the service since 1953. The waters are patrolled",
"title": "Statue of Liberty National Monument"
},
{
"id": "16165296",
"text": "The right panel shows the Statue of Liberty imposed in front of the New York 1930s skyline. In 1937 the Second Spanish Republic commemorated the 150th anniversary of the signing of the U.S. Constitution, under the government of Prime Minister Juan Negrín of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). The Statue of Liberty is the central focus, flanked by flags of Spain and the United States. The Spanish Republic Flag of red, yellow and purple, as battle flag or civil ensign, lacks the coat of arms. United States Constitution and worldwide influence The United States Constitution has had influence internationally",
"title": "United States Constitution and worldwide influence"
},
{
"id": "388727",
"text": "to enable the statue to move slightly in the winds of New York Harbor and as the metal expanded on hot summer days, he loosely connected the support structure to the skin using flat iron bars which culminated in a mesh of metal straps, known as \"saddles\", that were riveted to the skin, providing firm support. In a labor-intensive process, each saddle had to be crafted individually. To prevent galvanic corrosion between the copper skin and the iron support structure, Eiffel insulated the skin with asbestos impregnated with shellac. Eiffel's design made the statue one of the earliest examples of",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "5992414",
"text": "a celebration as Remembrance Day. This statue, in New York City's harbor, occupies the place of our timeline's Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty was not built in this timeline because relations between the United States and France are poor due to France's support of the Confederate States. Rather than the Statue of Liberty, Liberty Island (still under the name of Bedloe's Island) is taken up by a similar but more grim German-influenced statue known as the Statue of Remembrance holding the \"Sword of Vengeance\". Whenever either Germany gave the statue to the United States or the USA building",
"title": "Institutions in the Southern Victory Series"
},
{
"id": "3196219",
"text": "period the relationship remained friendly—as symbolized by the Statue of Liberty, presented in 1884 as a gift to the United States from the French people. From 1870 until 1918, France was the only major republic in Europe, which endeared it to the United States. Many French people held the United States in high esteem, as a land of opportunity and as a source of modern ideas. Few French people emigrated to the United States. Intellectuals, however, saw the United States as a land built on crass materialism, lacking in a significant culture, and boasting of its distrust of intellectuals. Very",
"title": "France–United States relations"
},
{
"id": "816028",
"text": "Rochambeau, Oscar Gilbert Lafayette, François Charles Lorraine, and Louis François Lorraine. Bartholdi broached the idea of a massive statue. Bartholdi's design approved on, the Union Franco-Americaine raised more than 1 million francs throughout France for the building of the statue. In 1879, Bartholdi was awarded design patent for the Statue of Liberty. On 4 July 1880, the statue was formally delivered to the American minister in Paris, the event being celebrated by a great banquet. In October 1886, the structure was officially presented as the joint gift of the French and American people, and installed on Bedloe's Island in New",
"title": "Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi"
},
{
"id": "388740",
"text": "bank, suspended work on the pedestal. With the project in jeopardy, groups from other American cities, including Boston and Philadelphia, offered to pay the full cost of erecting the statue in return for relocating it. Joseph Pulitzer, publisher of the \"New York World\", a New York newspaper, announced a drive to raise $100,000—the equivalent of $2.3 million today. Pulitzer pledged to print the name of every contributor, no matter how small the amount given. The drive captured the imagination of New Yorkers, especially when Pulitzer began publishing the notes he received from contributors. \"A young girl alone in the world\"",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2109493",
"text": "the new cast-iron dome, which was authorized in 1855. Walter's drawing showed the outline of a statue representing the Goddess of Liberty; Crawford proposed instead an allegorical figure of \"Freedom Triumphant in War and Peace\". Crawford was commissioned to design \"Freedom\" in 1854 and executed the plaster model for the statue in his studio in Rome. Mississippian U.S. Senator and U.S. Secretary of War Jefferson Davis (who would later become President of the Confederacy) was in charge of the Capitol construction and its decorations. According to David Hackett Fischer in his book \"Liberty and Freedom\", Crawford's statue was... Davis sent",
"title": "Statue of Freedom"
},
{
"id": "6017783",
"text": "Édouard René de Laboulaye Édouard René Lefèbvre de Laboulaye () (18 January 1811 – 25 May 1883) was a French jurist, poet, author and anti-slavery activist. In 1865 he originated the idea of a monument presented by the French people to the United States that resulted in the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. He got the idea thinking that this would help strengthen their relationship with the United States. Laboulaye was received at the bar in 1842, and was chosen professor of comparative law at the Collège de France in 1849. Following the Paris Commune of 1870, he",
"title": "Édouard René de Laboulaye"
},
{
"id": "388745",
"text": "York governor, presided over the event. On the morning of the dedication, a parade was held in New York City; estimates of the number of people who watched it ranged from several hundred thousand to a million. President Cleveland headed the procession, then stood in the reviewing stand to see bands and marchers from across America. General Stone was the grand marshal of the parade. The route began at Madison Square, once the venue for the arm, and proceeded to the Battery at the southern tip of Manhattan by way of Fifth Avenue and Broadway, with a slight detour so",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388764",
"text": "$350 million in donations. The Statue of Liberty was one of the earliest beneficiaries of a cause marketing campaign. A 1983 promotion advertised that for each purchase made with an American Express card, the company would contribute one cent to the renovation of the statue. The campaign generated contributions of $1.7 million to the restoration project. In 1984, the statue was closed to the public for the duration of the renovation. Workers erected the world's largest free-standing scaffold, which obscured the statue from view. Liquid nitrogen was used to remove layers of paint that had been applied to the interior",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "7385978",
"text": "national monument in 1924. In 1937, by proclamation 2250, President Franklin D. Roosevelt expanded the monument to include all of Bedloe's Island, and in 1956, an act of Congress officially renamed it Liberty Island. Ellis Island was made part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument by proclamation of President Lyndon Johnson in 1965. The United States historic district, a single listing on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, was designated in 1966. The islands were closed during Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 and suffered severe damage. Liberty Island reopened July 4, 2013; Ellis Island re-opened October 24, 2013.",
"title": "Statue of Liberty National Monument"
},
{
"id": "388718",
"text": "then struck with wooden hammers. An advantage of this choice was that the entire statue would be light for its volume, as the copper need be only thick. Bartholdi had decided on a height of just over for the statue, double that of Italy's Sancarlone and the German statue of Arminius, both made with the same method. By 1875, France was enjoying improved political stability and a recovering postwar economy. Growing interest in the upcoming Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia led Laboulaye to decide it was time to seek public support. In September 1875, he announced the project and the formation",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388710",
"text": "defeat by the Prussians. One of these was the \"Lion of Belfort\", a monumental sculpture carved in sandstone below the fortress of Belfort, which during the war had resisted a Prussian siege for over three months. The defiant lion, long and half that in height, displays an emotional quality characteristic of Romanticism, which Bartholdi would later bring to the Statue of Liberty. Bartholdi and Laboulaye considered how best to express the idea of American liberty. In early American history, two female figures were frequently used as cultural symbols of the nation. One of these symbols, the personified Columbia, was seen",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "5022759",
"text": "copper apron (250 ft. tall) was placed over the pedestal to prevent future damage. Overall, the majority of the statue would likely survive the test of time if an apocalyptic event happened on Earth, as it does in many of the following movies. Statue of Liberty in popular culture After its unveiling in 1886, the Statue of Liberty (\"Liberty Enlightening the World\") quickly became iconic, and began to be featured on countless posters, and in pictures and books. The statue's likeness has also appeared in motion pictures, television programs, music videos, and video games, and its likeness has been used",
"title": "Statue of Liberty in popular culture"
},
{
"id": "388725",
"text": "took office the following day, selected the Bedloe's Island site that Bartholdi had proposed. On his return to Paris in 1877, Bartholdi concentrated on completing the head, which was exhibited at the 1878 Paris World's Fair. Fundraising continued, with models of the statue put on sale. Tickets to view the construction activity at the Gaget, Gauthier & Co. workshop were also offered. The French government authorized a lottery; among the prizes were valuable silver plate and a terracotta model of the statue. By the end of 1879, about 250,000 francs had been raised. The head and arm had been built",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "4553046",
"text": "newspaper, the \"Flame of Liberty\", more broadly, is a lasting symbol of the friendship uniting the two countries, just as the statue itself was when it was given to the United States by France. This project was overseen by the director of the French craft unions at that time, Jacques Graindorge. He foresaw an installation of the \"Flame of Liberty\" in a public square called Place des États-Unis (United States Square) in the 16th arrondissement, but the mayor of Paris at the time, Jacques Chirac, was opposed to it. After a protracted period of negotiations, it was decided that the",
"title": "Flame of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388732",
"text": "the decade. The Liberty statue project was not the only such undertaking that had difficulty raising money: construction of the obelisk later known as the Washington Monument sometimes stalled for years; it would ultimately take over three-and-a-half decades to complete. There was criticism both of Bartholdi's statue and of the fact that the gift required Americans to foot the bill for the pedestal. In the years following the Civil War, most Americans preferred realistic artworks depicting heroes and events from the nation's history, rather than allegorical works like the Liberty statue. There was also a feeling that Americans should design",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2196841",
"text": "and Lorraine. In this timeline's New York City, there is no Statue of Liberty on Bedloe's Island, nor does the name get changed to Liberty Island – as relations between the United States and France are poor, due to France's support for the Confederacy, and there is no question of the French donating such a statue to the Americans. Instead, the island is taken up by a similar but more grim German-influenced statue known as the Statue of Remembrance holding the \"Sword of Vengeance\". Whenever either Germany gave the statue to the United States or the USA built it itself",
"title": "How Few Remain"
},
{
"id": "388748",
"text": "entirely for dignitaries. The only females granted access were Bartholdi's wife and de Lesseps's granddaughter; officials stated that they feared women might be injured in the crush of people. The restriction offended area suffragists, who chartered a boat and got as close as they could to the island. The group's leaders made speeches applauding the embodiment of Liberty as a woman and advocating women's right to vote. A scheduled fireworks display was postponed until November 1 because of poor weather. Shortly after the dedication, \"The Cleveland Gazette\", an African American newspaper, suggested that the statue's torch not be lit until",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2495103",
"text": "outmoded and obsolete, disused and its substantial stone walls were then used as the distinctive base for the Statue of Liberty given by the Third French Republic for the American 1876 centenary celebrations. It had become a part of the base for the Statue of Liberty after the island was first seen by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, the statue's sculptor. The National Park Service (which had been created in 1916) took over operations of the island in two stages: in 1933, and the remainder in 1937. The military installation was completely removed by 1944. The statue, entitled \"Liberty Enlightening the World\",",
"title": "Liberty Island"
},
{
"id": "11409488",
"text": "The Statue of Liberty (film) The Statue of Liberty is a 1985 American documentary film on the history of the Statue of Liberty (\"Liberty Enlightening the World\"). It was produced and directed by Ken Burns. The film first aired on October 28, 1985. It was narrated by historian David McCullough. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. The film included readings by Jeremy Irons and Arthur Miller, among others. Also features Paul Simon's \"American Tune\" at the beginning and end of the film. McCullough, then-New York Gov. Mario Cuomo, former congresswoman Barbara Jordan, director Miloš Forman,",
"title": "The Statue of Liberty (film)"
},
{
"id": "388720",
"text": "powerful, including a special performance at the Paris Opera on April 25, 1876, that featured a new cantata by composer Charles Gounod. The piece was titled \"La Liberté éclairant le monde\", the French version of the statue's announced name. Initially focused on the elites, the Union was successful in raising funds from across French society. Schoolchildren and ordinary citizens gave, as did 181 French municipalities. Laboulaye's political allies supported the call, as did descendants of the French contingent in the American Revolutionary War. Less idealistically, contributions came from those who hoped for American support in the French attempt to build",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388706",
"text": "it was never erected. There was a classical precedent for the Suez proposal, the Colossus of Rhodes: an ancient bronze statue of the Greek god of the sun, Helios. This statue is believed to have been over high, and it similarly stood at a harbor entrance and carried a light to guide ships. Both the khedive and Lesseps declined the proposed statue from Bartholdi, citing the expensive cost. The Port Said Lighthouse was built instead, by François Coignet in 1869. Any large project was further delayed by the Franco-Prussian War, in which Bartholdi served as a major of militia. In",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2830611",
"text": "names \"Red Hook\" and \"South Brooklyn\" were applied also to today's Carroll Gardens, Cobble Hill, Columbia Heights, and Gowanus neighborhoods. Portions of Carroll Gardens and Cobble Hill were granted landmark status in the 1970s and were carved out of Red Hook. Red Hook is the only part of New York City that has a fully frontal view of the Statue of Liberty, which was oriented to face France which gave the statue to the United States following the US centennial. Red Hook is the site of the NYCHA Red Hook Houses, the largest public housing development in Brooklyn, which accommodates",
"title": "Red Hook, Brooklyn"
},
{
"id": "388733",
"text": "American public works—the selection of Italian-born Constantino Brumidi to decorate the Capitol had provoked intense criticism, even though he was a naturalized U.S. citizen. \"Harper's Weekly\" declared its wish that \"M. Bartholdi and our French cousins had 'gone the whole figure' while they were about it, and given us statue and pedestal at once.\" \"The New York Times\" stated that \"no true patriot can countenance any such expenditures for bronze females in the present state of our finances.\" Faced with these criticisms, the American committees took little action for several years. The foundation of Bartholdi's statue was to be laid",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2495113",
"text": "Liberty Island souvenir shops. In response to a FAQ about whether the Statue of Liberty is in New York or New Jersey, the National Park Service, which oversees Liberty Island, cites the 1834 compact. Question 127 on a naturalization examination piloted in 2006 asks \"Where is the Statue of Liberty?\" The U. S. Citizenship and Immigration Services gives \"New York Harbor\" and \"Liberty Island\" as preferred answers, but notes that \"New Jersey,\" \"New York,\" \"New York City,\" and \"on the Hudson\" are acceptable. The Statue of Liberty itself is claimed as a symbol by both New York and New Jersey.",
"title": "Liberty Island"
},
{
"id": "2109496",
"text": "War, but by the end of 1862, the statue was finished and temporarily displayed on the Capitol grounds. The cost of the statue, exclusive of installation, was $23,796.82. While \"Freedom\" was being cast at Mills' foundry, the foreman in charge of the casting went on strike. Instead of paying him the higher wages he demanded, Mills turned the project over to Philip Reid, one of the slaves working at the facility. Reid presided over the rest of the casting and assembly of the figure. Late in 1863, construction of the dome was sufficiently advanced for the installation of the statue,",
"title": "Statue of Freedom"
},
{
"id": "2171520",
"text": "most immigrants came from Ireland and Germany. Ellis Island opened in 1892, and between 1880 and 1920, most immigrants were German and Eastern European Jews, Poles, and other eastern and southern Europeans, including many Italians. By 1925, New York City's population outnumbered that of London, making it the most populous city in the world. Arguably New York's most identifiable symbol, \"Liberty Enlightening the World\" (the Statue of Liberty), a gift from France for the American centennial, was completed in 1886. By the early 20th century, the statue was regarded as the \"Mother of Exiles\"—a symbol of hope to immigrants. New",
"title": "History of New York (state)"
},
{
"id": "388758",
"text": "It was lit briefly on December 31, 1943, and on D-Day, June 6, 1944, when its lights flashed \"dot-dot-dot-dash\", the Morse code for V, for victory. New, powerful lighting was installed in 1944–1945, and beginning on V-E Day, the statue was once again illuminated after sunset. The lighting was for only a few hours each evening, and it was not until 1957 that the statue was illuminated every night, all night. In 1946, the interior of the statue within reach of visitors was coated with a special plastic so that graffiti could be washed away. In 1956, an Act of",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "874348",
"text": "The Greek equivalent of the goddess Libertas is Eleutheria, the personification of liberty. As \"Liberty\", Libertas was depicted on the obverse (heads side) of most coinage in the U.S. into the twentieth century. The goddess Libertas is also depicted on the Great Seal of France, created in 1848. This is the image which later influenced French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi in the creation of his statue of Liberty Enlightening the World. Libertas was associated with the pileus, commonly worn by the freed slave: Libertas was also recognized in ancient Rome by the rod (\"vindicta\" or \"festuca\"), used ceremonially in the act",
"title": "Libertas"
},
{
"id": "7385981",
"text": "a year in advance. Ten people per group, three groups per hour, are permitted to ascend, allowing for a total of 240 per day. After an obligatory second security screening, they may bring only medication and cameras, leaving all other items in lockers provided. Liberty Island and Ellis Island have been the property of the United States government since 1800 and 1808, respectively. Historical circumstances have led to the unusual situation of Liberty Island and of Ellis Island being exclaves of one state, New York, located completely within another state, New Jersey. The dominion, jurisdiction, and sovereignty of the islands",
"title": "Statue of Liberty National Monument"
},
{
"id": "6660026",
"text": "USS Liberty (1775) USS \"Liberty\" was a schooner built at Skenesboro, New York, on Lake Champlain, for wealthy landowner and former British Army Captain Philip Skene. It was captured on 11 May 1775 during a raid on Skenesboro led by Capt. Samuel Herrick, an early action in the American Revolution. Originally named Katherine, she was renamed \"Liberty\" to honor the patriot cause. She sailed to Fort Ticonderoga on 13 May 1775 and filled out her crew. Later that day she got underway for Fort Crown Point where she arrived at sunset the following day. On 16 May she pushed on",
"title": "USS Liberty (1775)"
}
] | where did the us get the statue of liberty |
[
"master patient index"
] | [
{
"id": "5465922",
"text": "Magnetic particle imaging Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging non-invasive tomographic technique that directly detects superparamagnetic nanoparticle tracers. The technology has potential applications in diagnostic imaging and material science. Currently, it is used in medical research to measure the 3-D location and concentration of nanoparticles. Imaging does not use ionizing radiation and can produce a signal at any depth within the body. MPI was first conceived in 2001 by scientists working at the Royal Philips Research lab in Hamburg. The first system was established and reported in 2005. Since then, the technology has been advanced by academic researchers at",
"title": "Magnetic particle imaging"
},
{
"id": "5465927",
"text": "up in the direction of an induced magnetic field. These particles can be used because the human body does not contain anything which will create magnetic interference in imaging. Magnetic particle imaging Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging non-invasive tomographic technique that directly detects superparamagnetic nanoparticle tracers. The technology has potential applications in diagnostic imaging and material science. Currently, it is used in medical research to measure the 3-D location and concentration of nanoparticles. Imaging does not use ionizing radiation and can produce a signal at any depth within the body. MPI was first conceived in 2001 by scientists",
"title": "Magnetic particle imaging"
},
{
"id": "1782990",
"text": "non-invasive imaging technique. NIRS (near infrared spectroscopy) is used for the purpose of functional neuroimaging and has been widely accepted as a brain imaging technique. Using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a developing diagnostic imaging technique used for tracking superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The primary advantage is the high sensitivity and specificity, along with the lack of signal decrease with tissue depth. MPI has been used in medical research to image cardiovascular performance, neuroperfusion, and cell tracking. Medical imaging may be indicated in pregnancy because of pregnancy complications, intercurrent diseases or routine prenatal care. Magnetic resonance",
"title": "Medical imaging"
},
{
"id": "9581163",
"text": "lesions (less than ) especially in the spine, the SPECT imaging technique may be required, but currently in the United States, most insurance companies require separate authorization for SPECT imaging. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a form of functional cardiac imaging, used for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. The underlying principle is, under conditions of stress, diseased myocardium receives less blood flow than normal myocardium. MPI is one of several types of cardiac stress test. As a nuclear stress test the average radiation exposure is 9.4 mSV which compared to a typical 2 view Chest X-Ray (.1 mSV) is",
"title": "Technetium-99m"
},
{
"id": "13654909",
"text": "Multiple mini-interview The multiple mini-interview (MMI) is an interview format that uses many short independent assessments, typically in a timed circuit, to obtain an aggregate score of each candidate's soft skills. In 2001, the McMaster University Medical School began developing the MMI system, to address two widely recognized problems. First, it has been shown that traditional interview formats or simulations of educational situations do not accurately predict performance in medical school. Secondly, when a licensing or regulatory body reviews the performance of a physician subsequent to patient complaints, the most frequent issues of concern are those of the non-cognitive skills,",
"title": "Multiple mini-interview"
},
{
"id": "16718773",
"text": "changes in their scores and receive formative feedback based on a standardized score relative to the class mean. Due to the overwhelming success and research supporting the use of the PPI as an evaluation tool, it is now used in Canada, US, Europe, and Australia. In 2004, McMaster developed the multiple-mini interview to address long standing concerns over the standard panel interviews as being poor reflectors of performance in medical school. This format uses short, independent assessments in a timed circuit to obtain aggregate scores in interpersonal skills, professionalism, ethical/moral judgment, and critical thinking to assess candidates. The MMI has",
"title": "Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine at McMaster University"
},
{
"id": "15864166",
"text": "Pima Medical Institute The Pima Medical Institute (PMI) is a for-profit medical career college that trains students for careers as allied health care professionals. PMI is the largest independently owned, private allied health school in the U.S. and is nationally accredited by the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES). Pima Medical Institute was founded in Tucson, Arizona, in January 1972 by Richard Luebke, Sr. and his wife, JoAnn. The first program offered was nursing assistant. Based on job demands in the community, Pima grew their programs and campuses to fill those needs, including the launch of online programs in",
"title": "Pima Medical Institute"
},
{
"id": "9924668",
"text": "Myocardial perfusion imaging Myocardial perfusion imaging or scanning (also referred to as MPI or MPS) is a nuclear medicine procedure that illustrates the function of the heart muscle (myocardium). It evaluates many heart conditions, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart wall motion abnormalities. It can also detect regions of myocardial infarction by showing areas of decreased resting perfusion. The function of the myocardium is also evaluated by calculating the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of the heart. This scan is done in conjunction with a cardiac stress test. The diagnostic information is generated by provoking controlled",
"title": "Myocardial perfusion imaging"
},
{
"id": "13654914",
"text": "By 2008, the MMI was being used as an admissions test by the majority of medical schools in Canada, Australia, Israel, and Brunei. Also in 2008, a pilot test was conducted with the tool at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and went live in the fall of that year, as the first implementation of MMI at a medical college in the United States; additional medical schools in the country have since adopted the process. These lead to the development of a McMaster spin-off company, APT Inc., to commercialize the MMI system. The MMI was branded as ProFitHR and",
"title": "Multiple mini-interview"
},
{
"id": "6988565",
"text": "Mean platelet volume Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a machine-calculated measurement of the average size of platelets found in blood and is typically included in blood tests as part of the CBC. Since the average platelet size is larger when the body is producing increased numbers of platelets, the MPV test results can be used to make inferences about platelet production in bone marrow or platelet destruction problems. MPV is higher when there is destruction of platelets. This may be seen in inflammatory bowel disease, immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), myeloproliferative diseases and Bernard-Soulier syndrome. It may also be related to",
"title": "Mean platelet volume"
},
{
"id": "2030671",
"text": "can be helpful, such as tumor imaging, infection (leukocyte) imaging, thyroid imaging or bone scintigraphy. Because SPECT permits accurate localisation in 3D space, it can be used to provide information about localised function in internal organs, such as functional cardiac or brain imaging. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a form of functional cardiac imaging, used for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. The underlying principle is that under conditions of stress, diseased myocardium receives less blood flow than normal myocardium. MPI is one of several types of cardiac stress test. A cardiac specific radiopharmaceutical is administered, e.g., Tc-tetrofosmin (Myoview, GE",
"title": "Single-photon emission computed tomography"
},
{
"id": "11476660",
"text": "the triage), may be referred to another service or provider, or treatment may be completed over the phone. Medical Priority Dispatch System The Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS), sometimes referred to as the Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System (AMPDS) is a unified system used to dispatch appropriate aid to medical emergencies including systematized caller interrogation and pre-arrival instructions. Priority Dispatch Corporation is licensed to design and publish MPDS and its various products, with research supported by the International Academy of Emergency Medical Dispatch (IAEMD). Priority Dispatch Corporation, in conjunction with the International Academies of Emergency Dispatch, have also produced similar",
"title": "Medical Priority Dispatch System"
},
{
"id": "13121324",
"text": "Multi-Point Interface The Multi-Point Interface – Siemens (MPI) is a proprietary interface of the programmable logic controller SIMATIC S7 of the company Siemens. It is used for connecting the stations programming (PC or personal computer), operator consoles, and other devices in the SIMATIC family. This technology has inspired the development of protocol Profibus. The MPI is based on the standard EIA-485 (formerly RS-485) and works with a speed from 187.5 kBd to 12 MBd. The network MPI must have resistance at the end of the line and it is generally included in the connector and activated by a simple switch.",
"title": "Multi-Point Interface"
},
{
"id": "15864167",
"text": "2006. The company owns and operates 17 campuses across the western United States. Pima Medical Institute offers a variety of allied health care career training options. Not all programs are offered at each campus. Pima Medical Institute The Pima Medical Institute (PMI) is a for-profit medical career college that trains students for careers as allied health care professionals. PMI is the largest independently owned, private allied health school in the U.S. and is nationally accredited by the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES). Pima Medical Institute was founded in Tucson, Arizona, in January 1972 by Richard Luebke, Sr. and",
"title": "Pima Medical Institute"
},
{
"id": "13654917",
"text": "MMI performance can be compromised by introversion. Multiple mini-interview The multiple mini-interview (MMI) is an interview format that uses many short independent assessments, typically in a timed circuit, to obtain an aggregate score of each candidate's soft skills. In 2001, the McMaster University Medical School began developing the MMI system, to address two widely recognized problems. First, it has been shown that traditional interview formats or simulations of educational situations do not accurately predict performance in medical school. Secondly, when a licensing or regulatory body reviews the performance of a physician subsequent to patient complaints, the most frequent issues of",
"title": "Multiple mini-interview"
},
{
"id": "2208227",
"text": "and other allied fields. Most medical schools in Canada and more than 80 percent of medical schools in the United States employ PBL in their curriculum, and many international universities do the same. In 1991, McMaster's School of Medicine adopted progress testing, developing the personal progress index (PPI), a system based on progress testing invented concurrently by the University of Missouri-Kansas City's medical school and the Maastricht University. The PPI is used as an objective method for assessing acquisition and retention of knowledge for students in the medical program. The PPI is administered at regular intervals to all students in",
"title": "McMaster University"
},
{
"id": "13654913",
"text": "school candidates, many of whom volunteered after their standard interview to stay for the MMI. Overall test reliability remained high, and subsequent follow-up through medical school and on to national licensure examination (Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination Parts I and II) revealed the MMI to be the best predictor for subsequent clinical performance, professionalism, and ability to communicate with patients and successfully obtain national licensure. Since its formal inception at the Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine at McMaster University in 2004, the MMI subsequently spread as an admissions test across medical schools, and to other healing arts disciplines.",
"title": "Multiple mini-interview"
},
{
"id": "330934",
"text": "indicates greater pain intensity. It is usually 10 cm in length with no intermediate descriptors as to avoid marking of scores around a preferred numeric value. When applied as a pain descriptor, these anchors are often 'no pain' and 'worst imaginable pain\". Cut-offs for pain classification have been recommended as no pain (0-4mm), mild pain (5-44mm), moderate pain (45-74mm) and severe pain (75-100mm). The Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is a questionnaire designed to assess the psychosocial state of a person with chronic pain. Analysis of MPI results by Turk and Rudy (1988) found three classes of chronic pain patient: \"(a)",
"title": "Pain"
},
{
"id": "11721844",
"text": "(V=Ventilation, Q=perfusion) scan, is a way of identifying mismatched areas of blood and air supply to the lungs. It is primarily used to detect a pulmonary embolus. The perfusion part of the study uses a radioisotope tagged to the blood which shows where in the lungs the blood is perfusing. If the scan shows up any area missing a supply on the scans this means there is a blockage which is not allowing the blood to perfuse that part of the organ. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a form of functional cardiac imaging, used for the diagnosis of ischemic heart",
"title": "Perfusion scanning"
},
{
"id": "11476652",
"text": "Medical Priority Dispatch System The Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS), sometimes referred to as the Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System (AMPDS) is a unified system used to dispatch appropriate aid to medical emergencies including systematized caller interrogation and pre-arrival instructions. Priority Dispatch Corporation is licensed to design and publish MPDS and its various products, with research supported by the International Academy of Emergency Medical Dispatch (IAEMD). Priority Dispatch Corporation, in conjunction with the International Academies of Emergency Dispatch, have also produced similar systems for Police (Police Priority Dispatch System, PPDS) and Fire (Fire Priority Dispatch System, FPDS) MPDS was developed",
"title": "Medical Priority Dispatch System"
},
{
"id": "20078735",
"text": "Patients and public involvement (PPI) Public involvement, or PI, is a UK National Health Service initiative to give lay people an effective, active role in health and care research. The term \"health and care\" covers healthcare (medical care), public health, and social care. The purpose is to align research more closely with patients' and the public’s needs, and thereby increase success and cost-effectiveness. PI is the proper term for the involvement in research of anyone not professionally interested or experienced in health and care. Still sometimes used is PPI, patients' and public involvement. The bodies concerned, NIHR and INVOLVE (see",
"title": "Patients and public involvement (PPI)"
},
{
"id": "7338035",
"text": "Heinrich Pette Institute The Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI) was founded in 1948 by Heinrich Pette, a German neurologist. It began as a research facility to create a polio vaccine. It is now a private foundation and involved with basic research in virology and the immune responses of organisms. The institute is a non-profit public beneficiary organisation and an independent member of the Leibniz Association, and is located at the University of Hamburg. The aim of the research at the Heinrich Pette Institute is to develop new approaches for improved diagnostic techniques and therapies for viral",
"title": "Heinrich Pette Institute"
},
{
"id": "10909940",
"text": "Medical Education Number Medical Education Number (ME Number) is an 11-digit number assigned to every physician member of the AMA in the United States by the American Medical Association for identification and recording of basic physician information and CME credits. The first 5 digits represent the Medical School Code. Digits 6 and 7 represent the 2 digit expected graduation year. The final 4 digits are uniquely assigned to the physician. The ME number is found on the physician's AMA membership card. As each physician in the United States has a ME Number assigned to them, physicians who are not members",
"title": "Medical Education Number"
},
{
"id": "11721845",
"text": "disease. The underlying principle is that under conditions of stress, diseased myocardium receives less blood flow than normal myocardium. MPI is one of several types of cardiac stress test. A cardiac specific radiopharmaceutical is administered. E.g. Tc-tetrofosmin (Myoview, GE healthcare), Tc-sestamibi (Cardiolite, Bristol-Myers Squibb now Lantheus Medical Imaging). Following this, the heart rate is raised to induce myocardial stress, either by exercise or pharmacologically with adenosine, dobutamine or dipyridamole (aminophylline can be used to reverse the effects of dipyridamole). SPECT imaging performed after stress reveals the distribution of the radiopharmaceutical, and therefore the relative blood flow to the different regions",
"title": "Perfusion scanning"
},
{
"id": "20123641",
"text": "Information Processing in Medical Imaging Information Processing in Medical Imaging, or IPMI, is a biennial conference focused on the fields of applied mathematics, computer science, and image analysis (particularly analysis of medical images); applied results in neuroscience, cardiology, and microscopy are also frequently considered. IPMI is the longest standing conference focused on medical images having first met, organized by Dr. Francois Erbsmann, in Brussels in 1969. IPMI 2017 is scheduled to be held in Boone, North Carolina in the United States in June. The Information Processing in Medical Imaging conference – IPMI - was first organized by Francois Erbsmann and",
"title": "Information Processing in Medical Imaging"
},
{
"id": "13460497",
"text": "Meat Products of India Meat Products of India Ltd (MPI) is a major Indian meat processing, packaging, and distribution company based in Edayar, Koothattukulam in the district of Ernakulam, Kerala. Established in 1973, MPI is a public sector undertaking. The company holds a category A No.1 license from the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India for the manufacture and marketing of meat and meat products. MPI holds APEDA Registration No. 104009542 and EIA Registration No. 42056. The products of MPI are derived from young and healthy livestock and are processed with the help of sophisticated technology to ensure",
"title": "Meat Products of India"
},
{
"id": "10909941",
"text": "of the AMA may find out their ME number by calling the American Medical Association. It is used as a unique identifying key field to find records for a physician on the AMA Physician Masterfile. Medical Education Number Medical Education Number (ME Number) is an 11-digit number assigned to every physician member of the AMA in the United States by the American Medical Association for identification and recording of basic physician information and CME credits. The first 5 digits represent the Medical School Code. Digits 6 and 7 represent the 2 digit expected graduation year. The final 4 digits are",
"title": "Medical Education Number"
},
{
"id": "3050584",
"text": "and is used in many U.S. jurisdictions. The MPT is generally paired with the MEE. In almost all jurisdictions, the Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination (MPRE), an ethics exam, is also administered by the NCBE, which creates it and grades it. The MPRE is offered three times a year, in March, August and September, November California and Pennsylvania draft and administer their own performance tests. California performance tests are three hours in length (as California has traditionally viewed the 90-minute MPT as too short to meaningfully test anything, though it reverted to this format with its July 2017 sitting) and are",
"title": "Bar examination"
},
{
"id": "14795447",
"text": "Multidimensional Poverty Index The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was developed in 2010 by the Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the United Nations Development Programme. and uses different factors to determine poverty beyond income-based lists. It replaced the previous Human Poverty Index. The global MPI is released annually by OPHI and the results published on its website. The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is an international measure of acute poverty covering over 100 developing countries. It complements traditional income-based poverty measures by capturing the severe deprivations that each person faces at the same time with respect to",
"title": "Multidimensional Poverty Index"
},
{
"id": "13458270",
"text": "Program on Vehicle and Mobility Innovation The Program on Vehicle and Mobility Innovation (PVMI) is the oldest and largest international research consortium aimed at understanding the challenges facing the global automotive industry. PVMI, founded as the International Motor Vehicle Program (IMVP) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979, has mapped lean methodologies, established benchmarking standards, and probed the automotive value chain. The program's data-driven methods set the standard for industry research. In 2013, program was restructured and renamed as part of its incorporation into the Mack Institute for Innovation Management at the Wharton School. PVMI/IMVP has had a major",
"title": "Program on Vehicle and Mobility Innovation"
},
{
"id": "7007670",
"text": "National Center for Medical Intelligence The National Center for Medical Intelligence (NCMI; formerly known as the \"Armed Forces Medical Intelligence Center\") is a component of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). Headquartered at Fort Detrick, Maryland, NCMI's mission is to monitor, track and assess a full range of global health events that could negatively impact the health of U.S. military and civilian populations. The NCMI traces its origins to the organization of a medical intelligence section in the Office the Surgeon General of the United States Army during World War II. Prior to entry into the war, the Surgeon General established",
"title": "National Center for Medical Intelligence"
},
{
"id": "13654915",
"text": "made available to both the academic and corporate sector. By 2009, the list of other disciplines using the MMI included schools for dentistry, pharmacy, midwifery, physiotherapy and occupational therapy, veterinary medicine, ultrasound technology, nuclear medicine technology, X-ray technology, medical laboratory technology, chiropody, dental hygiene, and postgraduate training programs in dentistry and medicine. Test security breaches tend not to unduly influence results. While the creators of the test claim that sex of candidate and candidate status as under-represented minority tends not to unduly influence results , independent research has demonstrated that the MMI causes both gender and socioeconomic bias. Although some",
"title": "Multiple mini-interview"
},
{
"id": "7764624",
"text": "arise from professional practice. This includes clinical negligence claims, complaints, medical and dental council inquiries, legal and ethical dilemmas, disciplinary procedures, inquests and fatal accident inquiries. MPS is one of three major medical defence organisations (MDOs) in the country. The main competitor of MPS is the Medical Defence Union (MDU). Other competitors include Premium Medical Protection (PMP) and the Medical and Dental Defence Union of Scotland (MDDUS). MPS is not an insurance company. All the benefits of membership of MPS are discretionary as set out in the Memorandum and Articles of Association. MPS was founded in 1892, with just 13",
"title": "Medical Protection Society"
},
{
"id": "13453995",
"text": "Program (PIMSA) (by its Spanish abbreviation for \"Programa de Investigacion en Migracion y Salud\"), the largest US-Mexico leading academic network of researchers and doctoral students generating scientific literature in this field; translating findings to inform decision makers, the media, and service providers; and producing health education materials for immigrants and advocates. Since 2013 over 100 grants have supported multidisciplinary binational teams. The main partners are Mexico’s Secretariat of Health (SSA), National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT), the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM); the University of Texas at El Paso and the University of Arizona. The program is co-administered",
"title": "Health Initiative of the Americas"
},
{
"id": "11163110",
"text": "quality of HPT practice: Human performance technology Human performance technology (HPT), also known as human performance improvement (HPI), or human performance assessment (HPA), is a field of study related to process improvement methodologies such as lean management, Six Sigma, lean Six Sigma, organization development, motivation, instructional technology, human factors, learning, performance support systems, knowledge management, and training. It is focused on improving performance at the societal, organizational, process, and individual performer levels. HPT \"uses a wide range of interventions that are drawn from many other disciplines, including total quality management, process improvement, behavioral psychology, instructional systems design, organizational development, and",
"title": "Human performance technology"
},
{
"id": "16363411",
"text": "Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (, abbreviated as PIMS) is a research oriented health sciences institute located in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is one of the regions leading tertiary level hospitals which includes 22 medical and surgical specialist centers. It provides medical training through the Quaid-e-Azam Postgraduate Medical College which was established on 1 February 1989. Established in 1985 the institute includes three semi-autonomous hospitals including the Islamabad Hospital (IH) which is a 592-bed hospital spread over 3.5 hectares, the 230 Bedded Children's Hospital spread over 1.6 hectares specializing in pediatric care and the 125 bedded",
"title": "Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences"
},
{
"id": "11163102",
"text": "Human performance technology Human performance technology (HPT), also known as human performance improvement (HPI), or human performance assessment (HPA), is a field of study related to process improvement methodologies such as lean management, Six Sigma, lean Six Sigma, organization development, motivation, instructional technology, human factors, learning, performance support systems, knowledge management, and training. It is focused on improving performance at the societal, organizational, process, and individual performer levels. HPT \"uses a wide range of interventions that are drawn from many other disciplines, including total quality management, process improvement, behavioral psychology, instructional systems design, organizational development, and human resources management\" (ISPI,",
"title": "Human performance technology"
},
{
"id": "6793051",
"text": "Manitoba Public Insurance Manitoba Public Insurance (MPI, also known as Manitoba Public Insurance Corporation, or MPIC) is a non-profit Crown corporation based in Manitoba that has provided basic public auto insurance since 1971. MPI has 22 claim centres, two customer service centres in 13 locations across Manitoba. DVL (Driver and Vehicle Licensing) services are available through 147 agents in 123 communities, including 100 photo licensing agencies, and mobile testing units that service 69 communities. MPI partners with more than 300 independent insurance brokers in Manitoba. Over 1,800 people are employed by MPI. The basic automobile insurance product offered by MPI",
"title": "Manitoba Public Insurance"
},
{
"id": "11191581",
"text": "Mass psychogenic illness Mass psychogenic illness (MPI), also called mass sociogenic illness, mass psychogenic disorder, epidemic hysteria, or mass hysteria, is \"the rapid spread of illness signs and symptoms affecting members of a cohesive group, originating from a nervous system disturbance involving excitation, loss, or alteration of function, whereby physical complaints that are exhibited unconsciously have no corresponding organic aetiology\". Mass psychogenic illness involves the spread of illness symptoms through a population where there is no viral or bacterial agent responsible for contagion. MPI is distinct from other types of collective delusions in that MPI involves physical symptoms. According to",
"title": "Mass psychogenic illness"
},
{
"id": "12788493",
"text": "Partners Harvard Medical International PHMI was founded in 1994 as a subsidiary of Harvard University. From 1994 until 2008, the organization was known as Harvard Medical International, or HMI. Operated as a division of Harvard Medical School, HMI’s original focus was to work with institutions around the world – primarily medical schools and health care delivery organizations – interested in developing education programs and health care programs with the help of Harvard professors and the staff of Harvard Medical School. In April 2008, HMI became Partners Harvard Medical International and became part of Partners HealthCare. Since 1994, the company has",
"title": "Partners Harvard Medical International"
},
{
"id": "9924677",
"text": "is most strong\". Many radionuclides used for myocardial perfusion imaging, including rubidium-82, technetium-99m and thallium-201 have similar typical effective doses (15-35 mSv). The positron emission tomography (PET) tracer ammonia-13, though less widely available, may offer significantly reduced doses (2 mSv). Stress-only protocols may also prove to be effective at reducing costs and patient exposure. Myocardial perfusion imaging Myocardial perfusion imaging or scanning (also referred to as MPI or MPS) is a nuclear medicine procedure that illustrates the function of the heart muscle (myocardium). It evaluates many heart conditions, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart wall motion",
"title": "Myocardial perfusion imaging"
},
{
"id": "14477552",
"text": "Medical Service Insurance The Medical Service Insurance is the Nova Scotian government's health insurance. The Medical Services Insurance Programs are administered by Medavie Blue Cross for the Nova Scotia government Department of Health Policy Directive. To be eligible for MSI, you must be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, a resident who makes their permanent home in Nova Scotia and is present in the province 183 days every calendar year and you must be registered with MSI to be eligible for benefits. People who are ineligible include regular members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Canadian Forces, tourists",
"title": "Medical Service Insurance"
},
{
"id": "13654912",
"text": "Ability to reproducibly differentiate between candidates, also known as overall test reliability, is markedly higher for the MMI than for other interview formats. This has translated into higher predictive validity, correlating for future performance much more highly than standard interviews. Aiming to enhance predictive correlations with future performance in medical school, post-graduate medical training, and future performance in practice, McMaster University began research and development of the MMI in 2001. The initial pilot was conducted on 18 graduate students volunteering as \"medical school candidates\". High overall test reliability (0.81) led to a larger study conducted in 2002 on real medical",
"title": "Multiple mini-interview"
},
{
"id": "12788498",
"text": "faculty of Harvard Medical School and have served in different roles at Harvard-affiliated hospitals in the Boston area. Its staff has expertise in nursing, architecture and facilities planning, and management consulting. Partners Harvard Medical International PHMI was founded in 1994 as a subsidiary of Harvard University. From 1994 until 2008, the organization was known as Harvard Medical International, or HMI. Operated as a division of Harvard Medical School, HMI’s original focus was to work with institutions around the world – primarily medical schools and health care delivery organizations – interested in developing education programs and health care programs with the",
"title": "Partners Harvard Medical International"
},
{
"id": "11385824",
"text": "a lower oxygen saturation level than arterial blood), isolates it, and uses adaptive filters to cancel the noise and extract the arterial signal in order to report accurate SpO and pulse rate. In addition, SET pulse oximetry provides perfusion index (PI) and pleth variability index (PVI). Multiple studies have shown that compared to non-SET pulse oximeters, SET increases the ability to detect life-threatening events and reduces false alarms during challenging conditions. Additional studies have also shown the impact of SET on patient outcomes, such as helping clinicians: In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the U.S. Department of Health",
"title": "Masimo"
},
{
"id": "8499806",
"text": "as factors in a prebiotic score. Measure of the prebiotic effect (MPE) is a quantitative analysis that takes into an account a number of dominant bacterial groups and end products of fermentation such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and substrate assimilation. MPE was developed by Jelena Vulevic in conjunction with Glenn R Gibson and Robert Rastall and sponsored by Novartis Consumer Health Several quantitative approaches have been developed to aid in the analysis of prebiotics and their individual and collective activity within the gut Microbiome. These approaches are in part used to calculate the Measure of the Prebiotic Effect or",
"title": "Prebiotic score"
},
{
"id": "8783761",
"text": "which system is being updated. Non-healthcare organizations also face similar issues maintaining customer records across different departments. Many software vendors use EMPI and MPI (master patient index) synonymously, because an MPI is only workable if it is used by all software applications across an entire enterprise; that is, \"master\" implies enterprise-wide scope. In computing, an enterprise[-wide] master patient index is a form of customer data integration (CDI) specific to the healthcare industry. Healthcare organizations and groups use EMPI to identify, match, merge, de-duplicate, and cleanse patient records to create a master index that may be used to obtain a complete",
"title": "Enterprise master patient index"
},
{
"id": "11580431",
"text": "Sheridan College, University of Winnipeg and the University of Manitoba. They must then pass The Canadian Board of Certification in Athletic Therapy National Certification Exam, which is held twice a year, in June and November. Certification Candidates must have a valid First Responder Certificate at the time they apply for the National Certification Exam. The national certification exam consists of comprehensive written and practical components. The minimum passing level (MPL) required to pass each component of the exam is calculated using MPL Standard Setting techniques (Modified Angoff, Modified Ebel) . The NCE is intended to measure a Certification Candidate's knowledge,",
"title": "Canadian Athletic Therapists Association"
},
{
"id": "14983643",
"text": "MDI Biological Laboratory The MDI Biological Laboratory is an independent non-profit biomedical research institution founded in 1898 and located in Salisbury Cove, Maine, on Mount Desert Island. Its mission is to improve human health and well- being through basic research, education, and development ventures that transform discoveries into cures. In 2013, the Laboratory was designated a Center for Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) by the National Institutes of Health, which awarded the Laboratory a grant of $13 million over five years to expand the institution’s research program. The MDI Biological Laboratory has a full-time staff of 63, and will offer 23",
"title": "MDI Biological Laboratory"
},
{
"id": "6266114",
"text": "planned programs, enduring materials (such as DVD- and web-based content), Process Improvement CME (or PI-CME, as defined by the American Medical Association), or Informal Learning Activities such as Internet-Point of Care (POC) research and decision making, or journal clubs whose members evaluate published research for mutual awareness and benefit, or online professional communities. In 2008, professional certification for CME planners was established by the National Commission for Certification of CME Professionals which is earned by standardized exam, and confers the Certified CME Professional (CCMEP) certificate. NC-CME maintains a registry of these certified professionals. As of June 2011, the Registry included",
"title": "Continuing medical education"
},
{
"id": "18285386",
"text": "associate member of Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard in 2017. Ogino proposed that research into molecular pathology with epidemiologic settings should be regarded as a distinct field, and used the term “Molecular Pathological Epidemiology (MPE)” in 2010. Since his proposal, the MPE concept and paradigm have been in widespread use, and MPE has been a subject of international conferences such as American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Society for Epidemiologic Research (SER), and the American Society of Preventive Oncology (ASPO). The MPE approach aims to elucidate etiology of disease at molecular, individual, and population levels, applying molecular pathology to",
"title": "Shuji Ogino"
},
{
"id": "13465601",
"text": "health counselors, therapists, police, correctional officers, clergy, and other fields focused on helping people live better lives by offering guidance, preventing harm, and ameliorating physical, emotional, or cognitive problems. The MBI-HSS scales are Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. The MBI-HSS (MP) is a variation of the MBI-HSS adapted for medical personnel. The most notable alteration is this form refers to \"patients\" instead of \"recipients\". The MBI-HSS (MP) scales are Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. The MBI-ES consists of 22 items and is a version of the original MBI for use with educators. It was designed for teachers, administrators,",
"title": "Maslach Burnout Inventory"
},
{
"id": "16103488",
"text": "Indira Gandhi Medical College Indira Gandhi Medical College (IGMC), formerly the Himachal Pradesh Medical College (HPMC), is a state-owned medical college and hospital in Shimla in the state of Himachal Pradesh in India. It was established in 1966 as the \"Himachal Pradesh Medical College (HPMC)\", and assumed the present name in 1984. On 29 June 2013, Himachal Pradesh Health minister Kaul Singh Thakur said that Indira Gandhi Medical College (IGMC) would be upgraded on the analogy of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) under the Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Sewa Yojana, (PMSSY). Thakur revealed about his meeting with Union health",
"title": "Indira Gandhi Medical College"
},
{
"id": "5034637",
"text": "Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry The Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (MPIB) is a research institute of the Max Planck Society located in Martinsried, a suburb of Munich. The Institute was \"founded in 1973 by the merger of three formerly independent institutes: the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, the Max Planck Institute of Protein and Leather Research (founded 1954 in Regensburg), and the Max Planck Institute of Cell Chemistry (founded 1956 in Munich).\" With 850 employees in currently eight research departments and about 25 research groups, the MPIB is one of the largest biologically-medically oriented institutes of the Max Planck",
"title": "Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry"
},
{
"id": "19539628",
"text": "(MPTP), a non-selective, high conductance channel spanning the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane. Ca influx into mitochondria can collapse mitochondrial membrane potential, causing MPTP opening, which then induces mitochondrial swelling, further dissipation of membrane potential, generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), rupture of the outer mitochondrial membrane, and release of apoptogenic factors such as cytochrome c. The only treatments currently approved for AD are either cholinesterase inhibitors (such as donepezil) or glutamate receptor antagonists (such as memantine), which show limited efficacy in treating symptoms or halting progression of AD. The slight improvement in cognitive function brought about by these",
"title": "Ion channel hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease"
},
{
"id": "18720165",
"text": "A decline in research and development has been coined as Eroom's Law. The FDA has implemented the Breakthrough Therapy Designation which should help bring new needed products to the market faster. One of the key concerns in the current patent system is that an innovation patent is overly generous given that it has a very low inventiveness threshold. The Medicines Patent Pool (MPP), is a United Nations-backed organisation founded in July 2010 and based in Geneva, Switzerland. The MPP aims to improve access to appropriate, affordable HIV medicines and technologies for people living with HIV in developing countries. Working in",
"title": "Pharmaceutical innovations"
},
{
"id": "275043",
"text": "coalition, and its location was well-known. Before a field mission is established in a country, an MSF team visits the area to determine the nature of the humanitarian emergency, the level of safety in the area and what type of aid is needed (this is called an \"exploratory mission\"). Medical aid is the main objective of most missions, although some missions help in such areas as water purification and nutrition. A field mission team usually consists of a small number of coordinators to head each component of a field mission, and a \"head of mission.\" The head of mission usually",
"title": "Médecins Sans Frontières"
},
{
"id": "7263590",
"text": "Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. The second part will be optional and it can be any one of the following subjects such as Physics & Chemistry, Physics & Biotechnology and Physics & Biology. Totally 100 questions will be asked and each part carries 50 questions.] Medium of the exam is English. There is no negative marking in this test. MP-PET Madhya Pradesh-Pre Engineering Test was a state level examination organised by the Vyapam Board for admission to Engineering Colleges in Madhya Pradesh, India. After 2007 over 1 million students participated in the exam each year It was conducted by \"Vyapam\", the",
"title": "MP-PET"
},
{
"id": "474858",
"text": "/ \"f\" ≈ 45 MeV, where \"m\" are the relevant current quark masses in MeV, 5−10 MeVs. The use of pions in medical radiation therapy, such as for cancer, was explored at a number of research institutions, including the Los Alamos National Laboratory's Meson Physics Facility, which treated 228 patients between 1974 and 1981 in New Mexico, and the TRIUMF laboratory in Vancouver, British Columbia. The pion can be thought of as one of the particles that mediate the interaction between a pair of nucleons. This interaction is attractive: it pulls the nucleons together. Written in a non-relativistic form, it",
"title": "Pion"
},
{
"id": "16718772",
"text": "groups. Most medical schools in North America have adopted PBL in varying degrees into their curriculum. In the early 1990s, the School of Medicine developed the personal progress index (PPI) as an objective method for assessing acquisition and retention of knowledge for students in the medical program. The PPI is administered at routine intervals to all students in the program, regardless of their level of training, and plots students' increases in scores as they move through the program. Students typically score under 15% on their first write, and increase 5-7% with each successive write. Students are able to monitor the",
"title": "Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine at McMaster University"
},
{
"id": "10046064",
"text": "Medical home The medical home, also known as the patient-centered medical home (PCMH), is a team-based health care delivery model led by a health care provider to provide comprehensive and continuous medical care to patients with a goal to obtain maximal health outcomes. It is described in the \"Joint Principles\" (see below) as \"an approach to providing comprehensive primary care for children, youth and adults.\" The provision of medical homes is intended to allow better access to health care, increase satisfaction with care, and improve health. The \"Joint Principles\" that popularly define a PCMH were established through the efforts of",
"title": "Medical home"
},
{
"id": "14983651",
"text": "Summits in 2013 as part of its focus on improving human and environmental health and on using science to solve real world problems. The summits bring together a diverse group of stakeholders to develop actionable solutions to critical problems in environmental and public health. In 2014, forty scientists, engineers, health officials, consumer advocates, food industry representatives, and educators addressed the global problem of arsenic in food and drinking water. MDI Biological Laboratory The MDI Biological Laboratory is an independent non-profit biomedical research institution founded in 1898 and located in Salisbury Cove, Maine, on Mount Desert Island. Its mission is to",
"title": "MDI Biological Laboratory"
},
{
"id": "14795449",
"text": "MPI useful as an analytical tool to identify the most vulnerable people - the poorest among the poor, revealing poverty patterns within countries and over time, enabling policy makers to target resources and design policies more effectively. The index uses the same three dimensions as the Human Development Index: health, education, and standard of living. These are measured using ten indicators. Each dimension and each indicator within a dimension is equally weighted. The MPI is calculated as follows: formula_1 H: Percentage of people who are MPI poor (incidence of poverty)<br> A: Average intensity of MPI poverty across the poor (%)",
"title": "Multidimensional Poverty Index"
},
{
"id": "16718774",
"text": "consistently shown to have a higher predictive validity for future performance than traditional interviews. By 2008, the MMI was being used as an admissions test for the majority of medical schools in Canada, Australia, and Israel, as well as other medical schools in the United States and Asia. In 2010, McMaster began using a computer-based simulated test known as CASPer as an admissions tool at the pre-interview stage. This is an assessment of interpersonal and decision-making skills that is more reliable, and predicts much more validity than standard autobiographical submissions. The test involves several video clips lasting 1–2 minutes in",
"title": "Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine at McMaster University"
},
{
"id": "8227845",
"text": "Independent medical examination An independent medical examination (IME) occurs when a doctor, psychologist, or other licensed healthcare professional conducts an examination of an individual to help answer specific legal or administrative questions related to a variety of situations, e.g., a disability claim; workers' compensation case; a personal injury lawsuit (tort claim); impaired professionals program; or sexual harassment in the workplace. Conducting an IME does not establish a typical doctor/therapist-patient relationship as exists when a clinician treats a patient in the hospital or at an outpatient clinic. However, the independent, objective (unbiased) nature of the examination does not absolve the doctor",
"title": "Independent medical examination"
},
{
"id": "19295614",
"text": "International Medical School, University of Milan The International Medical School (IMS) of the faculty of medicine of the University of Milan is a public English-language medical school located primarily in Milan and neighboring Segrate, Italy, with other teaching clinics in the Milan metropolitan area. Its mission is to \"provide graduates with both a solid, up-to-date scientific understanding of medicine, and a deep appreciation of the human and social complexities associated with health and disease.” The course has been founded in 2010 as \"MiMed\" in Humanitas Hospital, as a combined effort of the University of Milan and the hospital. In 2014",
"title": "International Medical School, University of Milan"
},
{
"id": "8004120",
"text": "policy research. The charter of the MMS is signed by Samuel Adams as president of the Massachusetts Senate, and John Hancock as Governor of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Medical Society The Massachusetts Medical Society (MMS) is the oldest, most distinguished and prestigious continuously operating state medical association in the United States and the world. Incorporated on November 1, 1781, by an act of the Massachusetts General Court, the MMS is a non-profit organization that consists of more than 24,000 physicians, medical students and residents. It is currently based in Waltham, Massachusetts. The majority of the members live or practice in Massachusetts and",
"title": "Massachusetts Medical Society"
},
{
"id": "11721846",
"text": "of the myocardium. Diagnosis is made by comparing stress images to a further set of images obtained at rest. As the radionuclide redistributes slowly, it is not usually possible to perform both sets of images on the same day, hence a second attendance is required 1–7 days later (although, with a Tl-201 myocardial perfusion study with dipyridamole, rest images can be acquired as little as two-hours post stress). However, if stress imaging is normal, it is unnecessary to perform rest imaging, as it too will be normal – thus stress imaging is normally performed first. MPI has been demonstrated to",
"title": "Perfusion scanning"
},
{
"id": "3412394",
"text": "Medical savings account A medical savings account (MSA) is an account into which tax-deferred amounts from income can be deposited. The amounts are often called contributions and may be made by a worker, an employer, or both, depending on a country's laws. The money in such accounts is to be used to pay for medical expenses. Withdrawals from the account often called distributions, if made for that reason, may or may not be subject to income tax. Withdrawals without adequate documentation of use for medical expenses are subject to penalties. In December 1994, the China began a pilot study of",
"title": "Medical savings account"
},
{
"id": "7911552",
"text": "National Provider Identifier A National Provider Identifier (NPI) is a unique 10-digit identification number issued to health care providers in the United States by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). The NPI has replaced the unique physician identification number (UPIN) as the required identifier for Medicare services, and is used by other payers, including commercial healthcare insurers. The transition to the NPI was mandated as part of the Administrative Simplifications portion of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). HIPAA–covered entities such as providers completing electronic transactions, healthcare clearinghouses, and large health plans were required",
"title": "National Provider Identifier"
},
{
"id": "20196667",
"text": "as Combat Medics and Combat Medic Specialists. Trained medics are then dispatched to the three services that provide medical support to the Army, Navy and Air Force: The Military Medicine Institute (MMI) is the specialised branch of the SAF Medical Corps that provides specialised medical/dental services and in-patient care to all national servicemen and servicewomen. MMI is also in charge of the operations of medical centres located in military bases across Singapore. The Force Medical Protection Command (FMPC) was established to ensure medical protection against chemical, biological, radiological and occupational health hazards, with the end goal of enhancing the Singapore",
"title": "SAF Medical Corps"
},
{
"id": "14761297",
"text": "under RTI India to reveal the marks of an appealing student was not granted. This examination is held twice in year in June and December on the third Monday and Tuesday of the month. Medical Council of India Screening Test Medical Council of India Screening Test, also known as Foreign Medical Graduates Examination (FMGE), is a licensure examination conducted by the National Board of Examinations (NBE) in India. The test is one of the mandatory requirements for an Indian citizen who has a medical degree from a college outside India to practice medicine in the country. (teaching hospital). The screening",
"title": "Medical Council of India Screening Test"
},
{
"id": "8991580",
"text": "Max Planck Institute for Software Systems The Max Planck Institute for Software Systems (MPI-SWS) is a computer science research institute co-located in Saarbrücken and Kaiserslautern, Germany. The institute is chartered to conduct basic research in all areas related to the design, analysis, modeling, implementation and evaluation of complex software systems. Particular areas of interest include programming systems, distributed and networked systems, embedded and autonomous systems, as well as crosscutting aspects like formal modeling and analysis of software systems, security, dependability and software engineering. It joins over 80 other institutes run by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, which conduct world-class basic research in medicine,",
"title": "Max Planck Institute for Software Systems"
},
{
"id": "16776992",
"text": "Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research (MIMER) is a medical college located in Talegaon, Pune, Maharashtra, India. The institute is recognised by the Medical Council of India and is under Maharashtra University of Health Sciences. It was founded in 1994 with a hospital named Dr. Bhausaheb Sardesai Rural Talegaon Hospital. The Talegaon General Hospital was visited by Mahatma Gandhi in 1945. It is also listed under International Medical Education Directory. There are 100 recognised seats for MBBS - 4.5 yrs + 1 yr internship. 3 years courses The college is a part",
"title": "Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research"
},
{
"id": "5465923",
"text": "several universities around the world. The first commercial MPI scanners have recently become available from Magnetic Insight and Bruker Biospin. The hardware used for MPI is very different from MRI. MPI systems use changing magnetic fields to generate a signal from superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. These fields are specifically designed to produce a single magnetic field free region. A signal is only generated in this region. An image is generated by moving this region across a sample. Since there is no natural SPIO in tissue, a signal is only detected from the administered tracer. This provides images without background.",
"title": "Magnetic particle imaging"
},
{
"id": "3922188",
"text": "September 2015. Starting on October 1, 2015, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMMS) granted a one-year grace period to physicians who didn't use ICD-10 coding or they would be denied Medicare Part B claims. The International Classification of Procedures in Medicine (ICPM) is a procedural classification that has not updated since 1989, and will be replaced by ICHI. National versions of the ICPM include OPS, which is the official German procedural classification. The categories in a diagnosis classification classify diseases, disorders, symptoms and medical signs. In addition to the ICD and its national variants, they include: The categories",
"title": "Medical classification"
},
{
"id": "18667614",
"text": "Institute for Medical Engineering and Science The Institute for Medical Engineering and Science or IMES is a research institute at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology that aims to combine engineering, medicine, and science to solve challenges in human health. The institute was established in 2012 and is currently directed by Elazer Edelman. At MIT, IMES serves to bring together scientific advances with clinical medicine by serving as the point of intersection with major hospitals and industry partners. IMES also serves as the MIT home for the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, an educational program administered jointly through Harvard",
"title": "Institute for Medical Engineering and Science"
},
{
"id": "10430027",
"text": "Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) is an organization for advancing the development, and safe and effective use of medical technology founded in 1965 by Robert D. Hall, Jr. and Robert J. Allen, President and Vice President respectively of Tech/Reps, Inc. (a medical Instrumentation marketing firm in Needham, Massachusetts). AAMI was created by the Tech/Reps' team as both a vehicle to help their clients introduce innovative medical devices into common medical practice and to set safety standards in both their design and usage. Dr. John Merrill of Peter Bent Brigham",
"title": "Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation"
},
{
"id": "4577493",
"text": "Mekhi Phifer Mekhi Phifer (; born December 29, 1974) is an American actor. He portrayed Dr. Greg Pratt on NBC's long-running medical drama \"ER\" and had a co-starring role opposite Eminem in the feature film \"8 Mile\". He was a regular on the Fox crime show \"Lie to Me\" in the role of Ben Reynolds before season three, and also starred as CIA agent Rex Matheson in \"\". Phifer was born in Harlem, New York City. He grew up in a single-parent household with his mother, Rhoda Phifer, a high-school teacher. In 1994, Phifer attended an open-casting call for director",
"title": "Mekhi Phifer"
},
{
"id": "6338068",
"text": "India Health Initiative The India Health Initiative (IHI) is a student-run initiative operating in several universities in Ontario, Canada, which aims to send health care professionals and students to various regions in rural India for developmental and educational volunteer work. Since its inception in 2003, IHI has sent undergrad and graduate students from University of Western Ontario, University of Toronto and McMaster University. Normally, 3-5 students volunteer for 1–3 months each summer. Students have come from various health backgrounds to create a multidisciplinary team in assessing and treating the underprivileged population of rural south India. They include: nursing, physiotherapy, occupational",
"title": "India Health Initiative"
},
{
"id": "1725867",
"text": "part from DARPA and from the US National Science Foundation under grant ASC-9310330, NSF Science and Technology Center Cooperative agreement number CCR-8809615, and from the Commission of the European Community through Esprit Project P6643. The University of Tennessee also made financial contributions to the MPI Forum. MPI is a communication protocol for programming parallel computers. Both point-to-point and collective communication are supported. MPI \"is a message-passing application programmer interface, together with protocol and semantic specifications for how its features must behave in any implementation.\" MPI's goals are high performance, scalability, and portability. MPI remains the dominant model used in high-performance",
"title": "Message Passing Interface"
},
{
"id": "4386307",
"text": "Medicus Mundi International Medicus Mundi International (MMI) is a Network of public interest organisations working in the field of international health cooperation and advocacy. The Network members fight global poverty by promoting access to health and health care as a fundamental human right (“Health for All”). The Network aims at enhancing the quality and effectiveness of the work of its members and their partners through sharing know-how and joining forces. Key fields of joint activity include global health policy and governance (MMI is an organization in official relations with the World Health Organization) and the improvement of legitimacy, relevance and",
"title": "Medicus Mundi International"
},
{
"id": "3412396",
"text": "The United States has two medical savings account programs: Medical savings account A medical savings account (MSA) is an account into which tax-deferred amounts from income can be deposited. The amounts are often called contributions and may be made by a worker, an employer, or both, depending on a country's laws. The money in such accounts is to be used to pay for medical expenses. Withdrawals from the account often called distributions, if made for that reason, may or may not be subject to income tax. Withdrawals without adequate documentation of use for medical expenses are subject to penalties. In",
"title": "Medical savings account"
},
{
"id": "12622682",
"text": "Physicians Health Choice Physicians Health Choice (PHC) is a physician-owned Medicare Advantage Organization contracted with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Founded by George M. Rapier III, MD, Physicians Health Choice evolved from WellMed Medical Management and offers health plans in Arkansas, Florida, New Mexico and Texas. PHC was officially introduced in two Texas markets in 2005. Corpus Christi and Austin were the first areas that the health plan became available. In subsequent years other markets were added. Between 2006 and 2008, surrounding Amarillo counties, as well as area El Paso counties, and Cameron County located in the",
"title": "Physicians Health Choice"
},
{
"id": "11431927",
"text": "Center for Medicine in the Public Interest The Center for Medicine in the Public Interest (CMPI) is a non-profit medical issues research group. It was founded by the Pacific Research Institute. CMPI's research agenda deals with clinical outcomes and econometric studies that analyze the value of new medicines and genomic and molecular-based medical innovation. CMPI is a 501(c)3 organization and as such is not permitted to devote a substantial part of its activity to lobbying. Its officers have written articles on various issues including price controls on pharmaceutical products in publicly funded healthcare schemes in the United States, and restrictions",
"title": "Center for Medicine in the Public Interest"
},
{
"id": "5465925",
"text": "provided images of a beating mouse heart in 2009. With further research, this could eventually be used for real-time cardiac imaging. MPI has numerous applications to the field of oncology research. Accumulation of a tracer within solid tumors can occur through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. This has been successfully used to detect tumor sites within rats. The high sensitivity of the technique means it may also be possible to image micro-metastasis through the development of nanoparticles targeted to cancer cells. MPI is being investigated as a clinical alternative screening technique to nuclear medicine in order to reduce radiation",
"title": "Magnetic particle imaging"
},
{
"id": "274997",
"text": "centres, is also based. MSF has general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council. It received the 1999 Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of its members' continued efforts to provide medical care in acute crises, as well as raising international awareness of potential humanitarian disasters. James Orbinski, who was the president of the organization at the time, accepted the prize on behalf of MSF. Prior to this, MSF also received the 1996 Seoul Peace Prize. Joanne Liu has served as the international president since 1 October 2013. MSF should not be confused with Médecins du Monde (Doctors",
"title": "Médecins Sans Frontières"
},
{
"id": "14187535",
"text": "International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine The International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine (IUPESM) is the umbrella organization for the International Organization for Medical Physics (IOMP) and International Federation of Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE), and other affiliate organizations that represent the fields of physical and engineering sciences in medicine. It was established in 1980, following a discussion during the \"Combined Meeting of the 12th International Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and 5th International Conference on Medical Physics\" held in Jerusalem in 1979. The IUPESM objectives are to contribute to physical and engineering",
"title": "International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine"
},
{
"id": "13961787",
"text": "program, which analyzes health data from existing health care interventions to determine which work best for which patients and which pose the greatest benefits and harm. In July, 2011, James was named Director of the Pitt Health Policy Institute. He manages the day-to-day operations of HPI and works with government, foundation and business funders to support the Institute’s research and programs. HPI is the only academic health policy institute in the U.S. that combines expertise across of all the health sciences - medicine, public health, pharmacy, nursing, dentistry and the rehabilitation sciences - to conduct applied health policy research and",
"title": "Everette James"
},
{
"id": "8735873",
"text": "Indian Association for Medical Informatics The Indian Association for Medical Informatics (IAMI) is a professional society that plays a role in promoting and furthering the application of informatics in the fields of healthcare, bioscience and medicine in India. It was established in 1993. The objectives of the IAMI are to sensitize the Indian medical community to the benefits of Information Technology (IT), bring about awareness and ensure greater utilization of IT in healthcare facilities across the length and breadth of India. The IAMI also aims to provide necessary assistance and guidance to other organizations to implement and reap the benefits",
"title": "Indian Association for Medical Informatics"
},
{
"id": "11191599",
"text": "psychological contagion\" is inherent to the condition, by which young friends and relatives of the afflicted individual can also come to suffer from the condition. In a 130 page report on the condition, commissioned by the government and published in 2006, a team of psychologists, political scientists, and sociologists hypothesized that it was a culture-bound syndrome, a psychological illness endemic to a specific society. Mass psychogenic illness Mass psychogenic illness (MPI), also called mass sociogenic illness, mass psychogenic disorder, epidemic hysteria, or mass hysteria, is \"the rapid spread of illness signs and symptoms affecting members of a cohesive group, originating",
"title": "Mass psychogenic illness"
},
{
"id": "15921902",
"text": "shaft. It is primarily an extensor and lateral rotator of the hip joint, but, because of its bipartite insertion, it can both adduct and abduct the hip. Medius and minimus arise on the external surface of the ilium and are both inserted into the greater trochanter. Their anterior fibers are medial rotators and flexors while the posterior fibers are lateral rotators and extensors. The piriformis has its origin on the ventral side of the sacrum and is inserted on the greater trochanter. It abducts and laterally rotates the hip in the upright posture and assists in extension of the thigh.",
"title": "Pelvis"
},
{
"id": "19701836",
"text": "Clinical Microbiology and Infection Clinical Microbiology and Infection (CMI) is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal publishing original research and review articles that assist physicians and microbiologists in their management of patients and the prevention of infectious diseases. CMI publishes manuscripts presenting the results of original research in clinical microbiology, infectious diseases, bacteriology, mycology, virology and parasitology, including immunology and epidemiology as related to these fields. The journal website offers online articles and issues as well as collections according to article type. The journal also publishes editorials, commentaries and reviews, as well as guidelines originating from ESCMID Study Groups and ESCMID-sponsored",
"title": "Clinical Microbiology and Infection"
},
{
"id": "8227848",
"text": "payment. Independent medical examination An independent medical examination (IME) occurs when a doctor, psychologist, or other licensed healthcare professional conducts an examination of an individual to help answer specific legal or administrative questions related to a variety of situations, e.g., a disability claim; workers' compensation case; a personal injury lawsuit (tort claim); impaired professionals program; or sexual harassment in the workplace. Conducting an IME does not establish a typical doctor/therapist-patient relationship as exists when a clinician treats a patient in the hospital or at an outpatient clinic. However, the independent, objective (unbiased) nature of the examination does not absolve the",
"title": "Independent medical examination"
},
{
"id": "18362323",
"text": "applicants have about 500 hours. In addition, students must meet the technical standards provided by St.Catherine University. Admission to Physician Assistant programs is highly competitive. Fall 2013 Admission Facts After completing the 28-month program, students must take the PANCE certification test. The PANCE is five hours long, containing 300 multiple choice questions. The pass rate, mean score, and national mean score of the St. Catherine's MPAS program will be posted when available. The inaugural Master of Physician Assistant Studies graduated from St. Catherine University in December 2014. Heather Bidinger is the program director. Bidinger was hired in 2009 to form",
"title": "St. Catherine's Master of Physician Assistant Studies (MPAS) Program"
},
{
"id": "5716681",
"text": "Medical Scientist Training Program The Medical Scientist Training Programs (MSTPs) are MD-PhD training programs that streamline the education towards MD and PhD graduate degrees. MSTPs are offered by a small number of United States medical schools with financial support from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The goal of these training programs is to produce physician scientists who can translate laboratory discoveries into effective treatments for patients. In 2018, there were 48 MSTP programs in the US, supporting about 900 students at all stages of the program. The program",
"title": "Medical Scientist Training Program"
},
{
"id": "2676728",
"text": "unit, as well as of their family members. PAs also serve in the Air Force and Navy as clinical practitioners and aviation medicine specialists, as well as in the Coast Guard and Public Health Service. The skills required for these PAs are similar to that of their civilian colleagues, but additional training is provided in advanced casualty care, medical management of chemical injuries, aviation medicine, and military medicine. In addition, military PAs are also required to meet the officer commissioning requirements, and maintain the professional and physical readiness standards of their respective services. The marine physician assistant (MPA) is a",
"title": "Physician assistant"
},
{
"id": "12546223",
"text": "Medical Practitioners' Union The Medical Practitioners' Union (MPU) is a section of Unite the Union, a trade union in the United Kingdom. The union was founded as the Medico-Political Union in 1914 and was renamed the Medical Practitioners' Union in 1922. It amalgamated with the Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staffs in 1970 under the leadership of Hugh Faulkner. It remained a distinct section through a series of mergers which formed Manufacturing, Science and Finance, Amicus and ultimately Unite. The union published \"Medical World\". This originated in 1913 as the official journal of the State Medical Service Association, but",
"title": "Medical Practitioners' Union"
},
{
"id": "3254538",
"text": "Meditech Medical Information Technology, Incorporated (stylized as MEDITECH), is a Massachusetts-based software and service company selling information systems for health care organizations. The privately held company was founded around 1969 by A. Neil Pappalardo, as well as four other partners. In 1969, Antonino Neil Pappalardo began development of the programming language MIIS. This was one of several proprietary implementations of MUMPS, a programming language which at the time had not been standardized. In July that year, Pappalardo and Morton E. Ruderman, Curtis W. Marble, Jerome H. Grossman and Edward B. Roberts founded the company, with a $500,000 investment from EG&G.",
"title": "Meditech"
},
{
"id": "10188824",
"text": "Hannover Medical School The Hannover Medical School ( abbreviated MHH in German), founded in 1965, is a university medical centre in the city of Hanover, in Germany, part of a regional medical network. PhD students and scientists from all over the world are involved in a variety of research projects at the MHH and partner institutes. Recently Indo-German cooperation has taken place in 2006 and its ceremony was inaugurated on 3 April 2007. This is the first initiatives of the \"Indo-German Science Center for Infectious Diseases\" will include staff exchanges and joint training programmes for Indian and German researchers. Such",
"title": "Hannover Medical School"
}
] | what does mpi stand for in the medical field |
|
| [
{
"id": "4608060",
"text": "admiration of the spectators. Chand retired from the army in 1956 aged 51, with the rank of Major. The Government of India honoured him the same year by conferring him the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour. After retirement, he taught at coaching camps at Mount Abu, Rajasthan. Later, he accepted the position of Chief Hockey Coach at the National Institute of Sports, Patiala, a post he held for several years. Chand spent his last days in his hometown of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Chand died on 3 December 1979 at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi.",
"title": "Dhyan Chand"
},
{
"id": "13262713",
"text": "retirement. , the award comprises a statuette, a certificate, ceremonial dress, and a cash prize of . The cash prize was revised from to in 2009. Instituted in 2002, the award is given only to the disciplines included in the events like Olympic Games, Paralympic Games, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, World Championship and World Cup along with Cricket, Indigenous Games, and Parasports. The nominations for a given year are accepted till 30 April or last working day of April. A nine-member committee evaluates the nominations and later submits their recommendations to the Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports for",
"title": "Dhyan Chand Award"
},
{
"id": "4608064",
"text": "He remains the only Indian hockey player to have a stamp in his honour. In 1956, at the age of 51, he retired from the army with the rank of Major. After he retired he coached for a while, then settled in his beloved Jhansi. However, the last days of Dhyan Chand were not very happy, as he was short of money and was badly ignored by the nation. Once he went to a tournament in Ahmedabad and they turned him away not knowing who he was. He developed liver cancer, and was sent to a general ward at the",
"title": "Dhyan Chand"
},
{
"id": "8682949",
"text": "Gurbilas Patshahi 10 (1751), Chandi di Vaar was written by Guru Gobind Singh at Anandpur Sahib. Various other Sikh historians and scholars like Giani Ditt Singh, Professor Sahib Singh, Giani Gian Singh, Ratan Singh Bhangu, Kavi Santokh Singh also supported this fact. However, according to W.H. Mcleod it is probably written by \"one in the entourage of Guru Gobind Singh\". Chandi di Var Chandi di Var (lit. \"Chandi's deeds\") is a composition written by Guru Gobind Singh, included in the 5th chapter of \"Dasam Granth\". It is based on an episode from the Sanskrit work \"Markandeya Purana\", and describes the",
"title": "Chandi di Var"
},
{
"id": "14176271",
"text": "I Am Jackie Chan I Am Jackie Chan: My Life in Action is a 1998 autobiography written by Jackie Chan with help from Jeff Yang, written before Chan's success \"Rush Hour\"–a special edition of the book was released in 1999 telling events occurring after Chan's success with the movie. The book tells of Chan's life story from when he was born to several months after \"Rush Hour\" was made. The last few pages of the book contain a Top 10 list of Chan's favorite stunts and fights and an almost complete filmography of him. The book was dedicated to his",
"title": "I Am Jackie Chan"
},
{
"id": "13262720",
"text": "male and one female, are given highest marks. The committee may not recommend the award to the sportsperson with the highest marks across disciplines but can only recommend the recipient of the highest aggregate marks in a particular sports discipline. The recommendations of the selection committee are submitted to the Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports for further approval. In August 2015, the Ministry announced the award to Romeo James (Hockey), Shiv Prakash Mishra (Tennis), and T. P. Padmanabhan Nair (Volleyball). A Public-Interest Litigation was filed in the Madras High Court by Paralympic athlete Ranjith Kumar Jayaseelan. The petitioner",
"title": "Dhyan Chand Award"
},
{
"id": "16807808",
"text": "girl rudely rejects him but her friend, Priyanka gets chosen as his wife. Meanwhile, Abha's father finds a book that his ancient ancestors wrote that tells about the chilling history of Swarn Bhawan and the destruction of the daughters in the household. The book that Abha's father found contains a story which mentions Vasundara, who tries to harm the daughters of the house, as long ago, Vasaundara was in love with Abha's grandfather. Someone from Thakur family locked her up in the basement and made her suffer because she was poor, and he was too rich and proper. She and",
"title": "Yahan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli"
},
{
"id": "7506530",
"text": "David Dhawan David Dhawan (born Rajinder Dhawan on 16 August 1955) is an Indian film director who works in Hindi films. He is the father of Bollywood actor Varun Dhawan and director Rohit Dhawan. He is best known for directing several successful films, including the comedies \"Swarg\" (1990), \"Shola Aur Shabnam\" (1992), \"Saajan Chale Sasural (1996)\", Judwaa\" (1997), \"Bade Miyan Chote Miyan\" (1998), \"Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge\" (2000), \"Mujhse Shaadi Karogi\" (2004), \"Partner\" (2007), \"Chashme Baddoor\" (2013) and \"Main Tera Hero\" (2014), \"Judwaa 2\" (2017). The 1993 action thriller \"Aankhen\" and 1999 comedy \"Biwi No.1\" earned him the Filmfare Award",
"title": "David Dhawan"
},
{
"id": "13262714",
"text": "further approval. The first recipients of the award were Shahuraj Birajdar (Boxing), Ashok Diwan (Hockey), and Aparna Ghosh (Basketball), who were honoured in 2002. Usually conferred upon not more than three sportspersons in a year, a few exceptions have been made (2003, 2012, and 2013) when more recipients were awarded. The most recent recipients of the award are Bhupender Singh (Athletics), Syed Shahid Hakim (Football), and Sumrai Tete (Hockey). The nominations for the award are received from all government recognised National Sports Federations, the Indian Olympic Association, the Sports Authority of India, the Sports Promotion and Control Boards, and the",
"title": "Dhyan Chand Award"
},
{
"id": "9690793",
"text": "Dhai Akshar Prem Ke Dhaai Akshar Prem Ke (English: \"Two and half letters of Love\") is a 2000 Bollywood romantic drama film. It was the first of seven films in which currently married couple Abhishek Bachchan and Aishwarya Rai starred together. The film is a remake of the 1995 Hollywood film \"A Walk in the Clouds and the 1998 Tamil film, Pooveli\". The plot revolves around a young girl Sahiba who witnesses the brutal murder of a young woman inside her college campus. The perpetrators follow her as she tries to flee home. She is rescued by Karan, an army",
"title": "Dhai Akshar Prem Ke"
},
{
"id": "17092466",
"text": "Major Mahadevan Major Mahadevan is a fictional character and the protagonist in the \"Major Mahadevan\" film series. The character was created by Major Ravi and is portrayed by Mohanlal. Mahadevan is a commanding officer in the Indian Army, who hold the title Major, he was later promoted to a Colonel. He first appears in the 2006 film \"Kirthi Chakra\", and later in the sequels \"Kurukshetra\" (2008), \"Kandahar\" (2010), and \"\" (2017). Major Mahadevan is one of the most influential characters to have appeared in this decade of Malayalam cinema. Mohanlal, after played Mahadevan in \"Kirthi Chakra\" (2006) and \"Kurukshetra\" (2008)",
"title": "Major Mahadevan"
},
{
"id": "20443555",
"text": "(stupa) of his guru Dada sahib Shri Jindutt Suri. When at Lahore he was immediately called in by the Emperor Akbar for an audience, whereas, people would wait for days to have audience. The Emperor knew everything about him and reassured Karam Chand that his lost glory would be restored shortly. BhanwarlalNahata writes in his book ‘Mantri Karam Chand Bachhawat’,\"“Emperor Akbar appointed Dewan Karam Chand as Gajjadhikari (Head of State Council, Treasury &Stores). Emperor presented him with a hunting horse loaded with gold. He was also appointed as the Samrajyadhipati (Governor;\" स्म्राज्यधिपति\") of Toshampur (now in Haryana) with appropriate number",
"title": "Karam Chand Bachhawat"
},
{
"id": "16807800",
"text": "her son, Dushyant and his wife. However, their efforts are thwarted by Abha, who manages to send Pratibha to a rehalibitation centre to be treated. Meanwhile, in order to possess Swarn Bhawan, Yashodhara attempts to kill Karan after revealing her truth and forcing him to sign transfer papers, and Karan is presumed dead. Abha meets his twin Sidharth, an actor and screenwriter whose actual name is Ranchod (something only he and his girlfriend knew originally). It is revealed that many years ago, Jagmohan won a case \"777\", which he later learned he was fighting for the wrong person. Because of",
"title": "Yahan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli"
},
{
"id": "13262712",
"text": "Dhyan Chand Award The Dhyan Chand Award, officially known as Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement in Sports and Games, is the lifetime achievement sporting honour of the Republic of India. The award is named after Dhyan Chand (1905–79), an Indian field hockey player who scored more than 1000 goals during a career which spanned over 20 years from 1926 to 1948. It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. Recipients are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and are honoured for their contributions to sport both during their active sporting career and after",
"title": "Dhyan Chand Award"
},
{
"id": "4608035",
"text": "piece of land for a house. Young Chand had no serious inclination towards sports, though he loved wrestling. He stated that he did not remember whether he played any hockey worth mentioning before he joined the Army, though he said that he occasionally indulged in casual games in Jhansi with his friends. The Hindi word \"Chand\" literally means the moon. Since Dhyan Singh used to practice a lot during the night after his duty hours, he used to wait for the moon to come out so that the visibility in the field (during his era there were no flood lights)",
"title": "Dhyan Chand"
},
{
"id": "15205076",
"text": "awareness, pulse polio campaign and service to the blind, giving shelter to street children, and literacy classes for senior citizens. The training is given free of cost. The college has a tradition of remembering its students who laid down their lives for the service of the nation. There are four pillars at the entrance of the Administrative Block which depicts the name and laurels of the Martyrs. The list of the name of the martyrs are Capt. Vikram Batra, PVC, 2/Lt. Rajiv Sandhu, MVC, Lt. Vijyant Thaper, Vr. C., Maj. Sandeep Sagar, Capt. Atul Sharma, Maj. Navneet Vats, SM, Brig.",
"title": "DAV College, Chandigarh"
},
{
"id": "17681619",
"text": "extraordinary diaries of Mahadev Desai, Gandhiji's closest companion from 1917 to 1942. The Fundamental Works provide three language editions of Mahadev Bhai Ni Diary. Similarly, the published works of Manubehn Gandhi also form part of the Fundamental Works. There is a rich and long biographical tradition of recounting Gandhiji's life, which commenced with Rev. Joseph Doke's \"M K Gandhi: An Indian Patriot in South Africa\" and include such magnificent works as Pyarelal's \"The Early Phase and The Last Phase\", D G Tendulkar's eight-volume biography \"Mahatma\" and Narayan Desai's \"Maru Jivan Ej Mari Vani\". These form part of the Fundamental Works.",
"title": "Gandhi Heritage Portal"
},
{
"id": "13262721",
"text": "mentioned that he submitted the nomination after fulfilling the criteria by getting 60% for medals and 30% for contributing for sports promotion. Kumar requested to annul the award announced on three recipients. The Court ordered a notice to the Ministry seeking an explanation about the selection. Dhyan Chand Award The Dhyan Chand Award, officially known as Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement in Sports and Games, is the lifetime achievement sporting honour of the Republic of India. The award is named after Dhyan Chand (1905–79), an Indian field hockey player who scored more than 1000 goals during a career which",
"title": "Dhyan Chand Award"
},
{
"id": "6552617",
"text": "'Rajapur', a name that still used and has been found inscribed on a number of copper plates of the time. Mughal historians mention that Chand ruler, \"Gyan Chand\", visited Delhi Sultanate and received the regions of Bhabhar- Terai up to the Ganges as a grant from then Sultan. The lower hills remained under local chieftains; it was \"Kirti Chand\" (1488–1503), who first ruled the entire of Nainital district, along with the rest of Kumaon. In 1581, the Chand King, \"Rudra Chand\" (1565–1597), son of Raja Kalyan Chand seized Sira defeating Raika king Hari Malla and attacked the Garhwal Kingdom for",
"title": "Chand kings"
},
{
"id": "9690796",
"text": "family friend Rai Singhal. On the day of the engagement Sahiba finds out that Vicky is none other than the man who murdered the girl in her hostel. She tries telling her father but he refuses to believe her. In the meantime, Karan realizes that he loves Sahiba and returns to her house. However, Yogi slaps him and tells him to leave. Raunaq, Sahiba's uncle, believes her and helps her meet Karan secretly. Karan promises to rescue Sahiba. He proves to Yogi that Vicky and his father only want his daughter for her inheritance. And that they plan on killing",
"title": "Dhai Akshar Prem Ke"
},
{
"id": "4608061",
"text": "He was cremated at the Jhansi Heroes ground in his hometown, after some initial problems in getting clearance. His regiment, the Punjab Regiment, accorded him full military honours. Dhyan Chand remains a legendary figure in Indian and world hockey. His skills have been glorified in various apocryphal stories and anecdotes. A number of such these revolve around the fact that Singh had an extraordinary control over dribbling the ball. Chand's birthday, 29 August, is celebrated as National Sports Day in India. The President gives away sport-related awards such as the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award and Dronacharya Award on",
"title": "Dhyan Chand"
},
{
"id": "9690797",
"text": "her after the marriage because she witnessed the murder. Vicky and his father attack Yogi and Karan when they realize that they have been exposed. They tie up Yogi and Karan in Yogi's factory and set it on fire. However, the two escape and proceed to stop Vicky and Sahiba's wedding. Just as things start looking up Sahiba collapses. Having given up on Karan, she had consumed poison before the wedding ceremony. She is rushed to the hospital and manages to survive. In the end she is reunited with Karan. The movie did not do well commercially and critically, but",
"title": "Dhai Akshar Prem Ke"
},
{
"id": "11324037",
"text": "Gandhi Behind the Mask of Divinity Gandhi Behind the Mask of Divinity is a book by United States Army officer G. B. Singh. The book was written in biographical form nearly 60 years after the assassination of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, and challenges his image as a saintly, benevolent, and pacifistic leader of Indian independence, told through Gandhi's own writings and actions over the course of his life. The book claims that Gandhi emulated racism from the Hindu ideology of caste towards the blacks of South Africa and the Untouchables, instigated ethnic hatred against foreign communities, and, to this end, was",
"title": "Gandhi Behind the Mask of Divinity"
},
{
"id": "16392897",
"text": "However, his biographical works include only one hero from his own caste. He studied English with striving efforts, though never admitted himself to a college for higher education. He also conducted a night school for girls in Mumbai which still survives. His autobiography and biography, both in Marathi, his mother tongue are published. Dhananjay Keer Anant Vithal, known by his alias Dhananjay Keer (1913–1984) was an Indian writer who wrote biographies of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, Jyotiba Phule, Rajarshi Shahu Maharaj and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Keer was born in Ratnagiri on 23 April 1913. K.",
"title": "Dhananjay Keer"
},
{
"id": "10556461",
"text": "1981. In 2004, \"Brahmarakshas ka Shishya\", a dramatization of Muktibodh's story, was presented in New Delhi by Soumyabrata Choudhury. His novel, \"Vipatra\" has also been made into an audio book for the blind. His brilliance was recognised by the literary world after the posthumous publication of \"Chand Ka Munh Tedha Hai,\" the first collection of his poems, in the early 1960s. Ever since, the book has run into several editions, and is recognised as a modern classic. In his memory, Madhya Pradesh Sahitya Parishad, has instituted the annual \"MuktiBodh Puraskar\". In 2004, 'Muktibodh Smarak', a memorial was set up at",
"title": "Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh"
},
{
"id": "9124024",
"text": "with facilities for the players like change rooms, relaxation lounges and a VVIP lounge. The stadium is air-conditioned and fitted with lifts. There are barrier free provisions for athletes and spectators who are physically challenged. The stadium will get its power supply from two grids with a backup based on generator sets and battery uninterrupted power supply. Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium The Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium commonly known by its former name, National Stadium is a field hockey stadium in New Delhi, India. The stadium is named after former Indian field hockey player, Dhyan Chand. It served as",
"title": "Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium"
},
{
"id": "6514430",
"text": "Bhushan for his contribution to Hindi literature. He was also honoured with the Saraswati Samman for his four volume autobiography, \" Kya Bhooloon Kya Yaad Karoon\", \"Needa Ka Nirman Phir\", \"Basere Se Door\" and \"Dashdwar se Sopan Tak\". the Sovietland Nehru Award and the Lotus Award of the Afro-Asian writers' conference. Bachchan died on 18 January 2003, at the age of 95, as a result of various respiratory ailments. His wife Teji died in December 2007 at the age of 93. Bachchan used to introduce himself like this: Bachchan's work has been used in movies and music. Examples include: Harivansh",
"title": "Harivansh Rai Bachchan"
},
{
"id": "9963047",
"text": "U.S. Air Force. In 1995, he wrote a book titled \"Was God on Vacation?\". The third edition of the book, published in 2002, includes a copy of his Buchenwald Death Certificate. He lived in Rapid City, South Dakota for more than 55 years. He was a member of the USA 101st Airborne association (#3272). September 17, 2008, van der Geest's 85th birthday, was commemorated by a tribute made in the U.S. Senate by Senator John Thune. March 3, 2009, was Jack van der Geest Day in Rapid City and the State of South Dakota in celebration of the 66th anniversary",
"title": "Jack van der Geest"
},
{
"id": "2889569",
"text": "present \"Dasam Granth\" was written by Guru Gobind Singh: The length of the printed version of \"Dasam Granth\" is 1428 pages. It contains the Jaap Sahib, the Akal Ustat or praise of the Creator and the Bachittar Natak, which gives an account of the Guru's parentage, his divine mission and the battles in which he had been engaged. Next come three abridged compositions of the wars of Durga, called Chandi, with demons (Chandi Chritras: Chandi Chritra I, Chandi Chritra II, Chandi di Var). Following this is the Gyan Parbodh, or awakening of knowledge; the Shabad Hazare; quatrains called \"savaiye\" (singular",
"title": "Dasam Granth"
},
{
"id": "11324049",
"text": "Proceedings and Debates of 110th United States Congress (First Session). Gandhi Behind the Mask of Divinity Gandhi Behind the Mask of Divinity is a book by United States Army officer G. B. Singh. The book was written in biographical form nearly 60 years after the assassination of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, and challenges his image as a saintly, benevolent, and pacifistic leader of Indian independence, told through Gandhi's own writings and actions over the course of his life. The book claims that Gandhi emulated racism from the Hindu ideology of caste towards the blacks of South Africa and the Untouchables, instigated",
"title": "Gandhi Behind the Mask of Divinity"
},
{
"id": "6552628",
"text": "part of the British Raj. Badri Datt Pandey, in his book \"Kumaun Ka Itihaas\" lists the Chand kings as following: The first capital of Chand rulers, Champawat, in the stronghold popularly known as Kali Kumaon, is now a district headquarters town, and hold many remnants of once powerful Chand reign, including a medieval fort, Baleshwar temple, Nagnath Temple, etc. Other temples of their reign are Golu Devata Temple, at Ghorakhal, near Bhimtal, and Bhimeshwara Mahadev Temple at Bhimtal. Chand kings The Chand Kings were a medieval Rajput ruling clan of the Kumaon region of the Uttarakhand state of India, which",
"title": "Chand kings"
},
{
"id": "5282590",
"text": "cousins Sarah Mellon and Richard King Mellon, were all among the richest eight people in the United States, with fortunes of between 400 and 700 million dollars each (around $ and $ in today's dollars). Mellon's autobiography, \"Reflections in a Silver Spoon\", was published in 1992. He died at his home, Oak Spring, in Upperville, Virginia, on February 1, 1999. He was survived by his wife, Rachel (a.k.a. Bunny), his children, Catherine Conover (first wife of John Warner) and Timothy Mellon, and two stepchildren, Stacy Lloyd III and Eliza, Viscountess Moore. Paul Mellon was the son of Andrew W. Mellon,",
"title": "Paul Mellon"
},
{
"id": "16383968",
"text": "autobiography in Marathi, translated into English) and \"Guru Dutt: A Tragedy in Three Acts\" (her ex-husband Arun Khopkar's Marathi book on Guru Dutt, titled \"Guru Dutt: Teen Anki Shokantika\", translated into English). In 2018, she published \"Smritichitre: The Memoirs of a Spirited Wife,\" translated from the original Marathi version published by Lakshmibai Tilak in four parts between 1931 and 1936. Shanta Gokhale was married to Lt. Cdr. Vijaykumar Shahane, with who she has two children, Girish Shahane, and noted film and television actress, Renuka Shahane. After their divorce, she was briefly married to noted filmmaker Arun Khopkar. She currently lives",
"title": "Shanta Gokhale"
},
{
"id": "263486",
"text": "Mahabharata The Mahābhārata (, ; , \"\", ) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the \"Rāmāyaṇa\". The title may be translated as \"the great tale of the Bhārata dynasty\". The \"Mahābhārata\" is an epic legendary narrative of the Kurukṣetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four \"goals of life\" or \"puruṣārtha\" (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the \"Mahābhārata\" are the \"Bhagavad Gita\", the story of Damayanti, an abbreviated version of the",
"title": "Mahabharata"
},
{
"id": "15593191",
"text": "prison near New Delhi. He was released at 3:00pm on 23 March 1977. Every year his followers celebrate this day as \"Mukti Divas\", fasting until 3:00pm. He entered Indian national politics in the 1980s and 1990s with his Doordarshi Party. Baba JaiGuruDev led a non-profit organization named \"JaiGuruDev Dharm Pracharak Sanstha\" that operates from his ashram in Mathura, with a mission to spread the messages of the Sant Mat doctrine. JaiGuruDev died at 10:30 pm Indian Standard Time on 18 May 2012, at the unconfirmed age of 116. After death, his assets were estimated at 120 billion Indian Rupees (approximately",
"title": "Jai Gurudev"
},
{
"id": "10047445",
"text": "hunts down Shankar in an attempt to abduct his son, but Shankar takes his child and switches him with one belonging to renowned stage artist, Ashok Kumar. Shankar gets into a scuffle with J.K. and his men, killing one of them, getting arrested, tried in Court, and being sentenced to 14 years in jail. Kanta passes away, while Dharam is left in the care of a wrestler, Bhim Singh, and a mid-wife, Ganga. Dharam is taught to be a hoodlum, but wants to focus on becoming a singer, while Ranjit has taken to alcohol, gambling, and a life of crime",
"title": "Dharam Karam"
},
{
"id": "5575924",
"text": "The basis for Chandi worship is found in Devi Bhagavata as well as in the Markandeya Purana, which contains the well known Saptashati. This narrates the three tales of Chandika fighting and destroying the evil forces in the forms of Madhu, Kaithabha, Mahishasura and Shumbha & Nishumbha. These stories are narrated in thirteen chapters in the form of seven hundred stanzas or half stanzas. Each of these is considered as an independent mantra by repeating which one attains profound benefits. In addition, the mantra prescribed for this is what is known as Navakshari, the nine lettered mantra that has its",
"title": "Chandi"
},
{
"id": "13523316",
"text": "sons, Sri Chand (8 September 1494 – 13 January 1629) and Lakhmi Chand (12 February 1497 – 9 April 1555). Sri Chand received enlightenment from Guru Nanak's teachings and went on to become the founder of the Udasi sect. The earliest biographical sources on Nanak's life recognised today are the \"Janamsākhīs\" (life accounts). Bhai Gurdas, a scribe of the Gurū Granth Sahib, also wrote about Nanak's life in his \"vārs\". Although these too were compiled some time after Nanak's time, they are less detailed than the Janamsākhīs. The Janamsākhīs recount in minute detail the circumstances of the birth of the",
"title": "Guru Nanak"
},
{
"id": "17290467",
"text": "literature. He was president of the reception committee in the 8th session of the \"Bangya Sahitya Sammelan\" held at Bardhaman in 1914. From amongst the twenty books he wrote, mention may be made of \"Impression\", \"The Indian Horizon\", \"Meditation\", \"Studies\", \"Vijaygitika\" (collection of songs composed by him), \"Troyodashi\" (poem), \"Ranjit\" (play), and \"Manaslila\" (science-play). Mahtab died on 29 August 1941 at Burdwan. His reign which began in 1887 and lasted till 1941, was the longest in history of Bardhaman Raj. He left behind two sons Uday Chand and Abhay Chand and two daughters, thereby ending the long history adoptions for",
"title": "Bijay Chand Mahtab"
},
{
"id": "1923057",
"text": "is the 19 volume publication of Mahadev Desai's diaries. These, edited by Narhari Parikh and Chandubhai Bhagubhai, provide a close look at Gandhi's life and are a valuable chronicle of the major events in Gandhi's life and in India's freedom movement. Desai was among the founding members of the \"All India Newspaper Editors' Conference\". He also frequently contributed to various nationalist Indian newspapers such as \"Free Press\", \"The Bombay Chronicle\", \"Hindustan Times\", \"The Hindu\" and \"Amrita Bazar Patrika.\" Mahadev Desai died of a heart attack on the morning of 15 August 1942 at the Aga Khan Palace where he was",
"title": "Mahadev Desai"
},
{
"id": "17380023",
"text": "Sahitya Akademy, was republished posthumously in Punjabi by the Bhai Vir Singh Sadan in New Delhi. Harbans Singh wrote an autobiographical essay in Punjabi after losing his beloved wife Kailash Kaur. T The culmination of his life was the momentous \"Encyclopaedia of Sikhism\", the first in the English language. This comprehensive work covers different aspects of Sikh history, literature, and philosophy. The four-volume set was released by the Prime Minister of India on 5 March 1999 at New Delhi in a special function. Though Harbans Singh suffered a paralytic stroke, he received an honorary degree of Doctor of Letters from",
"title": "Harbans Singh"
},
{
"id": "8301128",
"text": "Gangaji, goes to a plastic surgeon for a sex-change operation. Following the end of the war, the Kaurava Party does well in the election, but the Muslim Group's strength is not diminished. The British government charges with treason the soldiers who joined Pandu's Swatantra Sena. Viscount Bertie Drewpad is appointed viceroy. His wife, Georgina, is excited at the prospect of dallying with lusty Indian men. While Dhritarashtra plans to meet the new viceroy, his wife, Gandhari the Grim, lies dying, calling Priya Duryodhani her \"son.\" Counterpart to the \"Mahabharata\"s \"Book of the Women.\" Lord Drewpad announces the British intent to",
"title": "The Great Indian Novel"
},
{
"id": "7915552",
"text": "interrupted by the outbreak of the Second World War, and he volunteered to join the Royal Air Force. He fought in the Western Desert, North Africa, Greece and Italy, and eventually took up British citizenship. He was twice married and died in London at the age of 79. Canasta moved to Great Britain in 1947, following a stint in the Royal Air Force. Starting as a card magician who took his surname from the popular card game of canasta, he became a well-known stage magician performing feats of memory and book tests during the late 1940s. In 1951 Canasta recorded",
"title": "Chan Canasta"
},
{
"id": "20443556",
"text": "of elephants, horses and foot soldiers”.\"It meant that all Kings and Mansabdars under Mughal Empire would have to first meet Dewan Karam Chand before calling on Emperor. During one of the meetings with the learned religious people, Akbar asked the pundits, \"\"Who was the most learned Jain philosopher?\"\" The pundits replied, \"\"Acharya Jinchandra Suri was one such person\"\". Emperor asked, \"\"Who is his disciple?\"\" The pundits replied, \"\"Dewan Karam Chand\"\". Bhanwarlal Nahata of Prakrit Bharati Academy, Jaipur writes in his book ‘\"Mantri Karam Chand Bachhawat\"’ that Karam Chand was summoned and ordered to invite his guru maharaj as soon as",
"title": "Karam Chand Bachhawat"
},
{
"id": "5350895",
"text": "is corroborated by his Madanpur stone inscriptions. However, there are several instances of historical inaccuracies in the bardic legends. For example, it is known that Paramardi did not retire or die immediately after the Chauhan victory. He restored the Chandela power, and ruled as a sovereign until around 1202-1203 CE, when the Ghurid governor of Delhi invaded the Chandela kingdom. According to \"Taj-ul-Maasir\", a chronicle of the Delhi Sultanate, Paramardi surrendered to the Delhi forces. He promised to pay tribute to the Sultan, but died before he could keep this promise. His dewan offered some resistance to the invading forces,",
"title": "Chandela"
},
{
"id": "16392896",
"text": "Later he wrote biographies of Ambedkar and Tilak. Resigning from his job, he wrote biographies of Phule, Shahu and Gandhi. He was bestowed with the Padma Bhushan in 1971 and was conferred with an honorary doctorate by the Shivaji University in 1980. Arvind Lavakare informs that he belonged to the \"bhandari caste\" and worked with Savarkar in the building of a temple in Ratnagiri. His father's name was Vithal and his mother's was Devaki; he was married to Sudha and had six children. By (author of Keer's biography) He was born in a lower-middle-class family which belonged to Bhandari caste.",
"title": "Dhananjay Keer"
},
{
"id": "4196454",
"text": "was in First's office when she was murdered, and testified to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. First's book \"117 Days\" is her account of her arrest, imprisonment and interrogation by the South African Police Special Branch in 1963. It was first published in 1965. The memoir provides a detailed account of how she endured \"isolation and sensory deprivation\" while withstanding \"pressure to provide information about her comrades to the Special Branch\". Her daughter, the writer Gillian Slovo, published her own memoir, \"Every Secret Thing: My Family, My Country\", in 1997. It is an account of her childhood in South Africa",
"title": "Ruth First"
},
{
"id": "4608062",
"text": "this day at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, India. The 20th National Award 2012, the Gem of India, awarded by the Union Minister of India, was given to Dhyan Chand. The award was received by Dhyan Chand’s son, Ashok Dhyan Chand (a hockey Olympian in his own right) on behalf of his deceased father. The award was given by Journalist Association of India under the flagship of Journalists Federation of India, Sirifort Auditorium, New Delhi, India, on 22 September 2012. India's highest award for lifetime achievement in sports is the Dhyan Chand Award which has been awarded annually from 2002 to sporting",
"title": "Dhyan Chand"
},
{
"id": "1987982",
"text": "to the Academy members in 2006 when it was expanded from 40 to 42. He has written three autobiographical works. \"By God's Decree\" came out in 1985 and \"Cricket My Style\" in 1987. He released his most recent autobiography, titled \"Straight from the Heart\" in 2004. He pledged his organs during an event organized by Delhi Urological Society on January 31, 2014 at the Airport Authority of India, Officers Club, New Delhi. Dev made cameo appearances in the films \"Dillagi... Yeh Dillagi\", \"Iqbal\", \"Chain Khuli ki Main Khuli\" and \"Mujhse Shaadi Karogi.\" Dev invested in various business, including: Source: Source:",
"title": "Kapil Dev"
},
{
"id": "13100790",
"text": "and decided to send her to India for her education. They sent her at age eight to Kalakshetra in June 1952, a year before Dhananjayan, where she later graduated with a Post-Graduate Diploma with distinction in Bharatanatyam and also learned Kathakali and Carnatic music. She was a leading female dancer at Kalakshetra from 1955–1968. The couple have two sons. The elder, Sanjay, lives in the USA and their younger son, Satyajit, is an accomplished automobile photographer and dancer who lives with his wife and son in Chennai, India. Were it not for providence in the form of Guru Chandu Panicker,",
"title": "Dhananjayans"
},
{
"id": "20443543",
"text": "can be no doubt, that the poets for the sake of the precedent and example have greatly exaggerated Rai Singh's liberality to him and others. Thus, it is stated that during his lifetime, Rai Singh gave away to Charans, Bharats and Brahmins 25 villages, 2000 elephants, 50000 horses and three and quarter crore of rupees in money. Raja Rai Singh was extremely angry person and believed in every gossip. He always took decisions in hurry and did not care about its consequences. He would brag and talk loud to conceal his mistakes. The bohemian between Raja Rai Singh and Dewan",
"title": "Karam Chand Bachhawat"
},
{
"id": "15727394",
"text": "Singh has by-passed him and complained to his superiors, thereby getting him dismissed from employment and being framed and imprisoned for a murder. Apparently, this is not the only time that Dayalu has got away with murder. He had also killed Gopal (Sunny Deol) in the presence of his to-be bride, Jugni (Sridevi), making her lose her sanity. Dayalu frames Jugni's dad, Jwalaprasad (Kulbhushan Kharbanda) for the murder of Gopal. And with Jaya all by herself, Dayalu turn his lustful eyes on her. But just at the right moment, Ramu, a baby elephant comes to her rescue and fights with",
"title": "Main Tera Dushman"
},
{
"id": "5859998",
"text": "a pension of 900,000 rupees and for a while lived in her late son's palace in Lahore. However her enemies still saw her as a threat and she was battered to death by her servants on 11 June 1842. Chand Kaur was born in 1802 into a Jat sikh Sandhu family in Fatehgarh Churian in the Gurdaspur District of Punjab. Her father was Sardar Jaimal Singh, chief of the Kanhaiya Misl. In February 1812, at the age of ten, she married Raja Kharak Singh, the eldest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Their son, Nau Nihal Singh, was born on 23",
"title": "Chand Kaur"
},
{
"id": "11749194",
"text": "drugs by cutting him open. Heartbroken, Deva returns to India. When he arrives, Yamuna approaches him and asks the police officers to arrest him. But she notices Chitti's phone which he recorded a video before dying, brings it out, which contains a recording how Chitti died, also she sent the video to Dass. It is here clear that Deva didn't kill him, but hid from Kamalesh's henchmen. Yamuna apologises to Deva and the two come together again. Then later circumstances force Deva to become a part of the security squad in the airport as he is accused by Parthiban (Ponvannan),",
"title": "Ayan (film)"
},
{
"id": "8610034",
"text": "Pac's Life Pac's Life is the tenth studio album by the late rapper 2Pac. It is also his sixth posthumous album. The album was released on November 21, 2006, in the United States, on Amaru Entertainment. Its 2006 release date was intended to commemorate the tenth anniversary of his murder. A broad range of artists contributed to the album, including Outlawz, Krayzie Bone, Snoop Dogg, Chamillionaire, Ludacris, A-3, Big Syke, Papoose, Keyshia Cole, Jay Rock, Young Buck, Ashanti, T.I., Lil' Scrappy, three posthumous appearances by Kadafi, and Jamal Woolard, who became famous for portraying The Notorious B.I.G. in the 2009",
"title": "Pac's Life"
},
{
"id": "14709799",
"text": "Chand Chupa Badal Mein Chand Chupa Badal Mein (English : \"The moon is hiding behind the clouds\")is a show by Rajan Shahi's Director's Kut, which has produced hit shows such as \"Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai\" and \"Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai\". \"Chaand Chupa Baadal Mein\" premiered on 28 June 2010. It is directed by Rajan Shahi, Neeraj Baliyan. Set in the beautiful hill town of Simla, \"Chaand Chupa Badal Mein\" narrates the tale of a middle-class girl Nivedita Sharma a.k.a. Nivi a.k.a. Putul. She is kind, sweet, responsible, but also nervous and reserved. She lost her mother when she was a",
"title": "Chand Chupa Badal Mein"
},
{
"id": "9690794",
"text": "captain, who sees the men assaulting her at the train station. During the journey Sahiba reveals that she is in a very difficult spot. She cannot go back to college because the murderers will be looking for her. And she doesn't want to go home because she had jokingly told her aunt on the phone that she has gotten married in the city. Her parents now expect her to come home with her husband. She doesn’t want to go home and face their wrath. Karan offers to escort her home. However, when Sahiba arrives home with Karan her family mistakes",
"title": "Dhai Akshar Prem Ke"
},
{
"id": "15469675",
"text": "identity. Some directors have used it to bring out contemporary issues like the role of diplomacy of the world. Dharamvir Bharati (1926–1997), was a renowned Hindi novelist, poet, and playwright. His novels, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\" (The God of Sins, 1949) and \"Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda\" (The Seventh Horse of the Sun, 1952), are classics of Hindi literature. The latter was adapted into a film by Shyam Benegal in 1992. Originally written as a radio play, the play was first broadcast by the All India Radio (public radio) and immediately drew attention. Playwright and theatre director Satyadev Dubey heard of the",
"title": "Andha Yug"
},
{
"id": "18102713",
"text": "to give their land to landless laborers. The revolutionary leader Chandrashekhar Azad stayed at her home for three days before his escape to Lahore. She had often fed the patriot Bhagat Singh with her own hands. Her daughter Subhadra, when arrested was only 13 years old and was the youngest freedom fighter to be arrested. In 1965, she donated all her jewels to the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund. She was always respected by everyone who came to her home. Her son Krishna Kant became the Governor of Andhra Pradesh in 1989 and continued there until 1997, when he was",
"title": "Satyavati Devi (born 1905)"
},
{
"id": "1294820",
"text": "June 2013, Chan responded to a hoax Facebook page created a few days earlier that alleged he had died. He said that several people contacted him to congratulate him on his recent engagement, and soon thereafter contacted him again to ask if he was still alive. He posted a Facebook message, commenting: \"If I died, I would probably tell the world!\" On 1 February 2015, Chan was awarded the honour of Knight Commander of the Order of the Territorial Crown by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia Tuanku Abdul Halim in conjunction with the country's Federal Territory Day. It carries",
"title": "Jackie Chan"
},
{
"id": "15919319",
"text": "feeds him & helps him to remove his Bullet. They both get to know each other. Sivasankar tells his story to Thangam and that after struggling for life & food for 3 days in hiding, he realises the value of life and the idiocy in running behind Money. He also tells that because of her Compassion & empathy he survives. Meantime Police Constable Rajappan (Nedumudi Venu) batters his wife on a missing Alcohol bottle which was used for Sivasankar while removing the Bullet. Stephen (Nassar) reaches Sivasankar's house to enquire about him. He reaches to Abu (Murali) on information from",
"title": "Dhanam"
},
{
"id": "20449311",
"text": "they had a daughter (Sabiha), and were divorced later. On 25 August 1925, he married Khairiya Aiyub Ghaiyub, a woman from Kirkuk and they stayed together until his death. They had a daughter\",\" (Shukriya Mukerji) and a son, (Kamal Mukerji). Gokul Chand Mukerji lived in the alley of Sabunkaran in Sulaymaniyah, but moved to Ali Naji alley in 1970. He died on 18 December 1980 and Khairiya died in August 1984. Mukerji's resting place is in Saiwan cemetery in Sulaymaniyah. Mukerji was a big fan of Rabindranath Tagore and he memorized many of his works. He was fluent in Hindi,",
"title": "Gokul Chand Mukerji"
},
{
"id": "9482276",
"text": "She survived with mild smoke inhalation. The burning of the cottage, however, put an end to Dolly's dreams of a home of her own. This storyline really begins two decades earlier when Jim Latimer was convicted of the murder of Sharon Crosswaithe in 1973. Jack Sugden (Clive Hornby) had been one of the people that testified against him, and Jim held a grudge. He was released from prison after eighteen years, and followed Jack and his girlfriend Sarah Connolly (Madeleine Howard) to Kathy Merrick (Malandra Burrows) and Chris Tate's (Peter Amory) wedding. He kidnapped Sarah shortly after the party ended;",
"title": "Major Emmerdale storylines"
},
{
"id": "6922160",
"text": "magazine became the most popular Hindi weekly of the country and reached new heights in Hindi journalism. As a field reporter, Bharati personally covered the Indo-Pak war that resulted in the liberation of Bangladesh. Dr Bharati married in 1954 and later divorced Kanta Bharati with whom he had a daughter: Parmita. A few years later he remarried and had a son Kinshuk Bharati and a daughter Pragya Bharati with Pushpa Bharati. Bharati developed heart ailments and died after a brief illness in 1997. Kanupriya, Thanda Loha, Saat Geet Varsh, Sapana Abhi Bhi and Toota Pahiya are amongst his most popular",
"title": "Dharamvir Bharati"
},
{
"id": "19624322",
"text": "where she acquainted with Chandan Sengupta and married him. She wrote under pseudonyms 'Ashakya' and 'Namumakin'. \"Poorva\", her first travelogue, was published in 1986, followed by \"Dikdigant\" (1987), \"Sooraj Sange, Dakshin Panthe\", \"Gharthi Doorna Ghar\", \"Kinare Kinare\", \"Uttarottar\", \"Man To Champanu Phool\", \"Dhaval Aalok, Dhaval Andhar\", \"Antim Kshitijo\", \"Doorno Aave Saad\", \"Desh-deshavar\", \"Namni Vahe Chhe Nadi\", \"Ek Pankhi Na Pinchha Saat\", \"Noorna Kafala\", \"Devo Sada Samipe\", \"Khilya Mara Pagla\", \"Sootar Snehna\". Her travelogues, written in English, includes \"My Journey to the Magnetic North Pole\", \"White Days White Nights\" and \"Joy of Traveling Alone\". Her first anthology of poems \"Juinu Jhumkhu\"",
"title": "Priti Sengupta"
},
{
"id": "20443564",
"text": "these were crocodile tears and not of love and affection. He said,“\"Raja Rai Singh is happy that I shall shortly pass away and regretted that he was unable to take revenge of the past. My dear children! Don’t you make a mistake of ever returning to Bikaner\"”.He passed away at Delhi after Emperor Akbar's death between 1605 and 1607. Capt PW Powlett writes in ‘\"Gazetteer of Bikaner State’\",“\"It is interesting to note, whether Karam Chand’s presence at Mughal court was only due to his personal rapport with the Emperor Akbar or due to his linkages with the Jain religious circles",
"title": "Karam Chand Bachhawat"
},
{
"id": "1635048",
"text": "that she had been buried \"with great ceremony under a tamarind tree under the Rock of Gwalior, where I saw her bones and ashes\". Her tomb is in the Phool Bagh area of Gwalior. Twenty years after her death Colonel Malleson wrote in the \"History of the Indian Mutiny\"; vol. 3; London, 1878 'Whatever her faults in British eyes may have been, her countrymen will ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment into rebellion, and that she lived and died for her country, We cannot forget her contribution for India.' According to a memoir purporting to be by Damodar",
"title": "Rani of Jhansi"
},
{
"id": "16364475",
"text": "Ashramavasika Parva Ashramvasik Parva (), or the \"Book of Hermitage\", is the fifteenth of eighteen books of the Indian epic Mahabharata. It traditionally has 3 sub-books and 39 chapters. The critical edition has 3 sub-books and 47 chapters. Ashramvasik Parva describes 15 years of prosperous rule by Yudhishthira after the great war. The Pandavas and Kauravas have lived in peace, with Yudhishthira consulting with Dhritarashtra on matters of governance. Draupadi becomes friends with Gandhari, Vyasa and other sages visit the kingdom with their fables and wisdom. The parva recites the next two years when Dhritarashtra and Gandhari take \"Sannyasa\" and",
"title": "Ashramavasika Parva"
},
{
"id": "6922158",
"text": "set immediately after the Mahabharata war, is a classic that is frequently performed in public by drama groups[3]. He was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in Playwriting (Hindi) in 1988, given by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance and Drama. Dharamvir Bharati was born on 25 December 1926 in a Kayastha Family of Allahabad to Chiranji Lal and Chanda devi. The family underwent considerable financial hardships after his father died early. He had a sister, Dr. Veerbala. He did his MA in Hindi from Allahabad University in 1946 and won the \"Chintamani Ghosh Award\" for securing",
"title": "Dharamvir Bharati"
},
{
"id": "9373707",
"text": "Russia, and by dropping her coat, consisting of drugs, off at the airport, manages to evade being caught. Soon after, Anna had changed her ways and was ready to tell the police about Raghavan's drug dealing, but before that happened Raghavan along with the mob had her killed off. In the final scene, Raghavan is killed by the police, and Gautham is set free to reunite with Shenba for their wedding. The film was launched initially with Jayam Ravi paired opposite Genelia D'Souza, however she opted out of the project due to fully booked dates for her Telugu film, \"Dhee\".",
"title": "Dhaam Dhoom"
},
{
"id": "5853979",
"text": "kills him on his way home. Meanwhile, Kripal learns that one of his comrades, Jaimal Singh, is none other than the Jimmy the police had been looking for. Soon afterwards, the missile shooter arrives and Sanathan introduces Veerendar. Kripal is shocked to find that Veerendar is his fiancée, Veeran. After they finally speak together alone, Kripal is horrified to learn that Jaswant, taken in for questioning after Khurana's murder, was beaten viciously and driven to commit suicide in the jail. His mother died soon after learning of this tragedy, leaving Veeran alone. After receiving daily visits from Inspector Vohra, Veeran",
"title": "Maachis"
},
{
"id": "17092467",
"text": "was given an honorary position as a Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army of India by the Indian Ministry of Defence, taking into account his honest portrayal of an army man and the reach the character got through the two films. The third installment \"Kandahar\" was released in 2010. He appeared in the latest film \"\" in 2017. Mahadevan was once married and had a little daughter, Arathi Mahadevan with his wife, Sreekutty (portrayed by Lakshmi Gopalaswamy), who were killed in a bomb explosion set by his enemy. Both his wife and daughter appeared in the first film \"Keerthi Chakra\".",
"title": "Major Mahadevan"
},
{
"id": "17092468",
"text": "His father Sahadevan was a war veteran, an army Major, who had fought in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Major Sahadevan appeared in the 2017 sequel \"1971: Beyond Borders\". Mahadevan appeared in four films: Major Mahadevan Major Mahadevan is a fictional character and the protagonist in the \"Major Mahadevan\" film series. The character was created by Major Ravi and is portrayed by Mohanlal. Mahadevan is a commanding officer in the Indian Army, who hold the title Major, he was later promoted to a Colonel. He first appears in the 2006 film \"Kirthi Chakra\", and later in the sequels \"Kurukshetra\" (2008),",
"title": "Major Mahadevan"
},
{
"id": "6952706",
"text": "convention he was forced to undergo a series of punishments: firstly for killing Chinese troops; and secondly for refusing to make statements against the Indian Army and the Indian government. He was released after the war ended in November 1962. For his gallantry actions on 20 October 1962, Major Thapa was awarded the Param Vir Chakra. The award citation read: Thapa retired as a lieutenant colonel. Post-retirement, he settled down in Lucknow, and served for a brief period as a director with Sahara Airlines. On 5September 2005, Thapa died. He was survived by his wife, Shukla Thapa, and three children.",
"title": "Dhan Singh Thapa"
},
{
"id": "19488897",
"text": "Moss\", which narrated his official life at Intelligence Bureau and Research and Analysis Wing and the book featured many notable personalities such as Sanjay Gandhi, Morarji Desai, V. C. Shukla, Indira Gandhi, R. N. Kao, Y. B. Chavan and Rajiv Gandhi. The book discussed about the lapses during the Sino-Indian War of 1962 and the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 as well as several inside information in Indian politics and reportedly made news. He died on 17 November 2015 at his daughter's residence in Bengaluru where he spent his last years, at the age of 95, survived by the daughter; his",
"title": "K. Sankaran Nair"
},
{
"id": "20443553",
"text": "ease and keep alive the oral tradition. The stories are passed down from father to son. In a sense they are the early historians, and most were paid to do so. However, another version of this story from \"‘Karamchand Vansh-kavyam’\" by Jaysom states,“\"Raja Rai Singh turned against Karam Chand and wanted to take revenge. Sensing development of ill will of Raja Rai Singh towards himself, Dewan Karam Chand politely took permission to settle in Merta city along with his family members, to spend his time in the service of Parshvanath Swami and Shri Jindutt Surij at a nearby village of",
"title": "Karam Chand Bachhawat"
},
{
"id": "985563",
"text": "Globe Award nominations. He is further known for his portrayals of Clark W. Griswold in five \"National Lampoon's Vacation\" films and Irwin \"Fletch\" Fletcher in both \"Fletch\" (1985) and \"Fletch Lives\" (1989). Other prominent titles include \"Caddyshack\" (1980), \"Seems Like Old Times\" (1980), \"Spies Like Us\" (1985), \"Three Amigos\" (1986), \"Memoirs of an Invisible Man\" (1992), \"Orange County\" (2002) and \"Hot Tub Time Machine\" (2010). He has hosted the Academy Awards twice (1987 and 1988) and briefly had his own late-night talk show, \"The Chevy Chase Show\" (1993). He played the character Pierce Hawthorne on the NBC comedy series \"Community\"",
"title": "Chevy Chase"
},
{
"id": "4084728",
"text": "Dhritarashtra In the Hindu epic \"Mahabharata\", Dhritarashtra (, \"dhṛtarāṣṭra\"; lit. \"He who supports/bears the nation\") is the King of Kuru Kingdom with its capital Hastinapur. He was born to Vichitravirya's first wife Ambika, and was fathered by Veda Vyasa. Dhritarashtra was blind from birth, and became father to one hundred sons and one daughter by his wife Gandhari (Gāndhārī), and another son Yuyutsu by Sughada, his wife's maid. These children, including the eldest son Duryodhana, came to be known as the Kauravas. A historical Kuru King named Dhritarashtra Vaichitravirya is mentioned in the Kathaka Samhita of the Yajurveda ( 1200–900",
"title": "Dhritarashtra"
},
{
"id": "15305977",
"text": "into contact with Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi who was studying at Forman Christian College nearby Lahore, their friendship lasted a lifetime. They were both residing in Kanpur. He died on 18 December 1994 in Delhi, India. Sahir Hoshiarpuri and Naresh Kumar Shad also edited and published the Urdu Journal \"Chandan\". He has written several books but only five published collections of him are available. In 1989 he was given the Ghalib Award by the Ghalib Institute in recognition of his literary contributions. Sahir Hoshiarpuri Sahir Hoshiarpuri () (), born Ram Parkash () () in March 1913 - died 12",
"title": "Sahir Hoshiarpuri"
},
{
"id": "9373700",
"text": "he struggles to cope with the language because of the Russian reluctance to speak English, and eventually, due to the gruesome murder of a local woman, he gets imprisoned. How the doctor manages to get himself out of jail in order to get married to his lady love in India, with the help of an Indian female lawyer, forms the crux of the story. \"Dhaam Dhoom\" released worldwide, after a long delay, on 29 August 2008. It was the last film that cinematographer Jeeva undertook before his death which occurred halfway through the production. The film, released as a tribute",
"title": "Dhaam Dhoom"
},
{
"id": "8682948",
"text": "slays the evil demon and his companions. The second part repeats the same story, while part three of the text is a retelling of the \"Durga Saptasati\". The composition has been a significant part of Sikh culture, state Pashaura Singh and Louis Fenech, with its opening verses being a part of \"frequently recited \"ardas\" prayer or petition\". The text has historically been referred to by several names. These include: The Sikh tradition believes that \"Chandi di Var\" was written by Guru Gobind Singh at Anandpur Sahib. According to early Sikh historians such as Bhai Koer Singh Kalal, as mentioned in",
"title": "Chandi di Var"
},
{
"id": "19587716",
"text": "escape arrest when he was accused of the assassination of Nirankari Gurbachan Singh. Several of Bhindranwale's associates and relatives were arrested. The FIR named nearly twenty people involved in the murder, most of whom had ties to Bhindranwale. A member of the Akhand Kirtani Jatha, Ranjit Singh, surrendered and admitted to the assassination three years later, and was sentenced to serve thirteen years at the Tihar Jail in Delhi. On 9 September 1981, Lala Jagat Narain, the founder editor of the newspaper Punjab Kesari, was murdered. He was viewed as a supporter of the Nirankari sect and had written several",
"title": "Dharam Yudh Morcha (film)"
},
{
"id": "8786916",
"text": "remove \"mythological content\", which shows Hindu influence and place it in an appendix. The editing has been criticised by some as amounting to \"poetic as well as religious sacrilege\" Suraj Parkash The book Gur Partap Suraj, popularly known as the Suraj Parkash is detailed work of 51,829 verses describing the lives of the last nine Sikh Gurus and Banda Bahadur. It was finished in 1843 by Bhai Santokh Singh. It is a sequel to his own \"Nanak Prakash\", describing the life of the first Guru. The lives of the Gurus, are divided into twelve Raas or sections. The life of",
"title": "Suraj Parkash"
},
{
"id": "7309481",
"text": "Bana Singh Subedar Major and Honorary Captain Bana Singh, PVC (6 January 1949) is a retired Indian soldier and a recipient of the nation's highest military award, the Param Vir Chakra. He has held the ranks Naib Subedar, Subedar, Subedar Major and Honorary Captain in the Indian Army. As a Naib Subedar, he led the team which conquered the highest peak in the Siachen area as part of Operation Rajiv. The peak was named as \"Bana Post\" in his honour. Bana Singh was born into a Sikh family in Kadyal in Jammu and Kashmir on 6 January 1949. His father",
"title": "Bana Singh"
},
{
"id": "18007721",
"text": "published by Penguin India on 2 October 2013, Gandhi's birth anniversary. The book's title alludes to Guha's \"India After Gandhi\" (2007). \"Gandhi Before India\" was mostly well received by critics, both in the mainstream media and in scholarly journals. Gandhi Before India Gandhi Before India is a 2013 book by the Indian historian Ramachandra Guha, the first part of a planned two-volume biography of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The book deals with Gandhi's life up to his return to India following a 21-year period as a lawyer and civil-rights activist in South Africa. During this period in South Africa, Gandhi experienced",
"title": "Gandhi Before India"
},
{
"id": "9690798",
"text": "the soundtrack of this movie became very popular. All the songs were sung by Anuradha Paudwal along with Babul Supriyo, KK & Sudesh Bhosle Dhai Akshar Prem Ke Dhaai Akshar Prem Ke (English: \"Two and half letters of Love\") is a 2000 Bollywood romantic drama film. It was the first of seven films in which currently married couple Abhishek Bachchan and Aishwarya Rai starred together. The film is a remake of the 1995 Hollywood film \"A Walk in the Clouds and the 1998 Tamil film, Pooveli\". The plot revolves around a young girl Sahiba who witnesses the brutal murder of",
"title": "Dhai Akshar Prem Ke"
},
{
"id": "6690531",
"text": "Elizabeth, and eventually divorced in 2013. Harrold retrained as a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and now runs her own counseling practice in Los Angeles, California. Kathryn Harrold Kathryn Harrold (born August 2, 1950) is an American counselor and retired film actress, best known for her female leading roles in films \"The Hunter\" (1980), \"Modern Romance\" (1981), \"The Pursuit of D. B. Cooper\" (1981), \"Yes, Giorgio\" (1982), and \"Raw Deal\" (1986). She also had leading roles in horror films \"Nightwing\" (1979) and \"The Sender\" (1982). Harrold was born in Tazewell, Virginia to B.H. and Carolyn Harrold. She attended Tazewell",
"title": "Kathryn Harrold"
},
{
"id": "8843280",
"text": "R. K. Dhawan Rajinder Kumar Dhawan (July 16, 1937 – August 6, 2018) was an Indian politician who was one of the leaders of the Indian National Congress and a member of the Rajya Sabha. As personal secretary and confidante to Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, Dhawan was a witness to Indira Gandhi assassination in 1984. As personal assistant to the Prime Minister, he attained unparalleled power and influence particularly during India's Emergency. As the \"door keeper\" to the Prime Minister, he was well positioned to control information and access and proved himself instrumental in civil service appointments. He graduated",
"title": "R. K. Dhawan"
},
{
"id": "19587723",
"text": "had interpreted the military action as an assault on Sikh religion. Many Sikh soldiers in the Army deserted their units, Four months after the operation, on 31 October 1984, Indira Gandhi was assassinated in vengeance by her two Sikh bodyguards, Satwant Singh and Beant Singh. Public outcry over Gandhi's death led to the killings Sikhs in the ensuing 1984 anti-Sikh violence. These points of view are the basis of this movie, with the goal of telling the Sikh side of the story. This movie gives inside details of Ghallughara 1984, from June 1, 1984 to June 8, 1984 and uncovers",
"title": "Dharam Yudh Morcha (film)"
},
{
"id": "7217745",
"text": "and shoots Margaret in the back as she flees. He is in turn shot in the stomach by one of the hit-men (Tim Nelson). Paul finds Margaret alive; he had hidden the insurance money in her jacket, and it stopped the bullet. The brothers say goodbye as Raymond dies. Paul tells Ted that he only committed fraud out of love for his wife, which appeals to Ted's renewed feelings for Tiffany; touched, he lets them go. Using the money, Paul takes Margaret on a tropical vacation. According to one insider, it was Collin Friesen's script that \"drew the talent needed",
"title": "The Big White"
},
{
"id": "17324215",
"text": "\"Tadbir se Bigdi Hui Taqdeer\", a ghazal that was occidentalised into a seductive song. The \"jaal\" song \"Yeh raat yeh chandni\" by Hemant Kumar is an all-time great classic. The song 'Thandi Hawain' from Naujawan (1951) sung by Lata Mangeshkar was one of his first major hits. It made Lata very famous as also poet Sahir. He also wrote music for the Guru Dutt classics – \"Pyaasa\" (1957) and \"Kaagaz Ke Phool\" (1959). The soundtrack of \"Devdas\" (1955) was also composed by him. \"House No. 44\" (1955), \"Funtoosh\" (1956), and \"Solva Saal\" (1958) were other S. D. Burman hits. In",
"title": "S. D. Burman"
},
{
"id": "3802949",
"text": "was to be the couple's only surviving child, was born while Basu was in prison for allegedly seditious activities, having been incarcerated by the Congress-led government of independent India. Shortly after Chandan was born, Basu's father, Nishikant Basu, wrote a will which disinherited Basu entirely and vested all his property, a considerable fortune which included the massive mansion in Kokata, in the name of his daughter-in-law Kamala, with provision that the property be inherited by Chandan eventually. The elderly \"bhadralok\" patrician had been aghast, even distraught, to find that his beloved son had returned from England a communist, and that",
"title": "Jyoti Basu"
},
{
"id": "10744728",
"text": "tomb today for asking god through him they call it tawasoul , they visit him from all around the world. There are very few surviving writings from Abu Madyan, and of those that do still exist, there are mystical poems, a testament (\"wasiyya\") and a creed (\"akida\"). He encouraged the free expression of emotions rather than rigidity, but also made known his support of asceticism complete devotion to God and a minimalist lifestyle. Abu Madyan Abu Madyan (1126–1198), also known as Abu Madyan Shu'ayb Al-Ghawth, or Abū Madyan, or Sidi\" Bou-Mediene, or Sidi\" Abu Madyan Shuayb ibn al-Hussein al-Ansari, was",
"title": "Abu Madyan"
},
{
"id": "19587708",
"text": "Punjabi Suba Movement and the Dharam Yudh Morcha, as well as the escalation from peaceful protest to the violence which ensued when the Indian Government, viewing the movement as secessionist, moved against the protestors with military force. Historical events and topics featured in the film include: The River Water Dispute, Anandpur Sahib Resolution, 1978 Nirankari kand, Dharam Yudh Morcha, the arrest of over thirty thousand Sikhs in two-and-a-half months in 1982, the Life of Sant Jarnail Singh Khalsa Bhindrawale and the Bluestar Attack. The script was completed in July, 2015 after 3 years of extensive research into the events surrounding",
"title": "Dharam Yudh Morcha (film)"
},
{
"id": "15288507",
"text": "with Gold Flowers and Gold Bracelet, Vijayawada 27th Jun 1982 Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Akademi Award 30th Jan 1983 Men of letters Fellowship – Cultural affairs 1st Apr 1984 Honoring By President of India, Sri Gnani Jail Singh 25th Apr 1987 Releasing function of 50th edition (Golden jubilee) of “Udayasri”, And 25th edition (Silver Jubilee) of “Vijayasri” and “Karunasri” by Hon. Andhra Pradesh Chief minister Sri N.T. Ramarao 27th Jun 1987 An appreciation in the Half yearly Magazine “Chitanya Kavita” 1st Apr 1990 More than 1.25.000 Copies of “Telugu Bala” Book were sold. More than 50,000 Copies of “Udayasri” Ist Part",
"title": "Jandhyala Papayya Sastry"
},
{
"id": "4774751",
"text": "Vodafone Crossword Book Award (Fiction Translation). When Big Trees Fall, a short story by Madhavan, is about the homicidal attacks on the Sikhs that occurred following the 1984 assassination of the then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and has been filmed as the Hindi movie, \"Kaya Taran\" by Sashi Kumar in 2004. Madhavan is married to Sheela Reddy, book editor of \"Outlook\", an English magazine published in New Delhi. Their daughter, Meenakshi Reddy Madhavan is a well-known blogger and the author of 2 English novels, \"You Are Here\", \"Confessions of a Listmaniac\" and the best-seller Cold Feet. English translations of",
"title": "N. S. Madhavan"
},
{
"id": "18582806",
"text": "Kandan Karunai, Karnan, Swamy Ayyappan. He proved his mettle in social genre too cast as hero in K.S. Gopalakrishnan’s Kurathi Magan, starring Gemini Ganesan and K.R. Vijaya. He was well known with his gracious performance as Lord Muruga in the classic old movie 'Kandan Karunai'. \"Adi Parasakthi\" (Raj TV), \"Gnyaanaanandham\" (Podhigai) and \"Indrajith\" (Jaya TV) were some of the serials in which he was featured. His last film in Tamil was 2007 released \"Bhagavan Ayyappan\". He was suffering from Asthma for long period and died on 11th Dec 2013 morning due to sudden heart attack. He is survived by his",
"title": "Master Sridhar"
},
{
"id": "20580077",
"text": "The Last Man Who Knew Everything The Last Man Who Knew Everything (2006), written by Andrew Robinson, is a biography of the British polymath, Thomas Young (1773–1829). This biography is subtitled \"Thomas Young, the Anonymous Polymath Who Proved Newton Wrong, Explained How We See, Cured the Sick, and Deciphered the Rosetta Stone, Among Other Feats of Genius\", which gives a very brief idea of Young's polymathic career. It is divided into an Introduction followed by 16 chapters describing Young’s life and work in approximate chronological order. Particular emphasis is given to Young's achievements in physics (e.g., Young's modulus), mathematics, physiology,",
"title": "The Last Man Who Knew Everything"
},
{
"id": "13174339",
"text": "Kandahar (2010 film) Kandahar is a 2010 Malayalam-language Indian war film written and directed by Major Ravi. It is the third installment in the Major Mahadevan film series, with Mohanlal reprising his role as Major Mahadevan after the 2006 film \"Keerthi Chakra\" and 2008 film \"Kurukshetra\". The film also stars Amitabh Bachchan and Ganesh Venkatraman in their Malayalam film debut. The plot is based on the hijacking of the Indian Airlines Flight 814 in 1999. The political situation is portrayed from an Indian perspective in the film. \"Kandahar\" was released on 16 December 2010, along with its dubbed versions in",
"title": "Kandahar (2010 film)"
},
{
"id": "13262717",
"text": "Sports Federations for verification against the claimed achievements. The National Anti-Doping Agency is responsible for providing doping clearance. Any sportsperson who is either penalised or being investigated for use of drugs or substances banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency is not eligible for the award along with the previous award recipients of Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award, and Dronacharya Award. A committee consisting of the Joint Secretary and the Director/Deputy Secretary of Department of Sports, the Secretary and the Executive Director/Director (TEAMS) of SAI verify and validate the nominations. The valid nominations are considered by a selection committee constituted",
"title": "Dhyan Chand Award"
}
] | what is the name of autobiography of major dhyan chand |
|
| [
{
"id": "6955729",
"text": "Muppet characters were introduced: Teena, a kindful pink monster who likes to sing and dance; Mojabo, a happy go lucky green and purple monster who likes to exercise; Pierre, a blue frog; and Arthur, a little yellow bird. In 2006, two new Muppets were added to the series—Grorie, a female orange Grover-like monster, and Meg, a Japanese girl. A few established \"Sesame Street\" characters appear in new segments, most notably Elmo, who in the Japanese series has a propensity to laugh out loud and is used heavily to deal with emotional issues. While Sesame Workshop is generally on the forefront",
"title": "Sesame Street (Japan)"
},
{
"id": "9337660",
"text": "April\" and \"Then She Found Me\". Tony Awards Drama Desk Award Ovation Awards Bistro Awards Lillias White Lillias White (born July 21, 1951) is an American singer and actress of stage, television, and film who is particularly admired for her performances in Broadway musicals. In 1989 she won an Obie Award for her performance in the Off-Broadway musical \"Romance in Hard Times\". In 1992 she won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in a Children's, Pre-School Children's or Family Viewing Program for her portrayal of Rhonda the pink singing squirrel on \"Sesame Street\". In 1997 she won the Tony",
"title": "Lillias White"
},
{
"id": "9337653",
"text": "Lillias White Lillias White (born July 21, 1951) is an American singer and actress of stage, television, and film who is particularly admired for her performances in Broadway musicals. In 1989 she won an Obie Award for her performance in the Off-Broadway musical \"Romance in Hard Times\". In 1992 she won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performer in a Children's, Pre-School Children's or Family Viewing Program for her portrayal of Rhonda the pink singing squirrel on \"Sesame Street\". In 1997 she won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured",
"title": "Lillias White"
},
{
"id": "4275245",
"text": "Espinete Espinete is a fictional large pink hedgehog. He was the main character of \"Barrio Sésamo\", the Spanish version of \"Sesame Street\". Espinete appeared on the show from 1983 to 1987. He was played by Spanish actress Chelo Vivares. A big, human-sized muppet, Espinete is a pink hedgehog (in Spanish, \"erizo\" is the word for hedgehog, and \"espina\" is the word for quill or spine). Espinete's gender has been open to debate for some time, specially after the end of his/her appearance in the series. Although Espinete is played by an actress, apparently Espinete is portrayed as a male. Another",
"title": "Espinete"
},
{
"id": "12605669",
"text": "in sight, regardless of whether it's food or not. Zoe is an orange three-year-old female monster who is \"simultaneously dainty and strong, practical and impulsive\". and loves to dance ballet. She has a pet rock named Rocco; Rosita is a bilingual turquoise female monster who speaks both English and Spanish. She also plays the guitar. Grover is a blue monster described by Borgenicht as \"self-confident, furry, cute, capable, and intelligent\", has a superhero alter-ego named \"Super Grover\", who is more well-meaning than helpful. In addition to Ernie and Bert, recognizable humanoid Muppets appearing on the show include Count von Count,",
"title": "Sesame Street characters"
},
{
"id": "4275251",
"text": "José Riesgo as Julián. One of Espinete's songs, Espinete, Espinete, el amigo de los niños (\"Espinete, Espinete, the friend of children\") was performed by a beggar boy in drunken stupor in the Spanish movie \"Makinavaja, el último choriso\" (1992). Espinete Espinete is a fictional large pink hedgehog. He was the main character of \"Barrio Sésamo\", the Spanish version of \"Sesame Street\". Espinete appeared on the show from 1983 to 1987. He was played by Spanish actress Chelo Vivares. A big, human-sized muppet, Espinete is a pink hedgehog (in Spanish, \"erizo\" is the word for hedgehog, and \"espina\" is the word",
"title": "Espinete"
},
{
"id": "1772459",
"text": "\"was used in promotional films for IBM.\" In an appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" on May 31, 1970, the character acquired his present name and his appearance was changed to the more familiar puppet with blue fur and a pink nose. In this appearance, Kermit the Frog tried to sing \"What Kind of Fool Am I?\" (accompanying himself on piano), but Grover repeatedly interrupted him. The true Grover \"officially\" debuted in the second season of \"Sesame Street\". One of the more frequent sketch segments featuring Grover involves him taking a series of customer service jobs. One of his customers",
"title": "Grover"
},
{
"id": "1772457",
"text": "Grover Grover, also known as Super Grover and Grover Monster, is a muppet character on the popular television show \"Sesame Street\". Self-described as lovable, cute and furry, he is a blue monster who rarely uses contractions when he speaks or sings. Grover was originally performed by Frank Oz from his earliest appearances. Eric Jacobson began performing Grover in 1998; he has performed the character regularly since 2000. A prototype version of Grover appeared on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" in a Christmas Eve appearance in 1967. This puppet had greenish-brown fur and a red nose. He also had a raspier voice,",
"title": "Grover"
},
{
"id": "12605674",
"text": "the show, introduced in 2017, who was created to familiarize young children with the autism spectrum. Two-Headed Monster, who teaches cooperation while speaking in baby-like gibberish; A family of cute and innovative insects; the Yip Yips, a species of Martians who \"valiantly explore our world despite their frequent terrifying encounters with everyday objects\"; game show host Guy Smiley; construction workers Biff and Sully; Herry Monster, a burly blue monster who does not know his own strength; Forgetful Jones, a \"simpleton cowboy\" with a short-term memory disorder; and even Kermit the Frog, the flagship character of The Muppets. The Three Bears",
"title": "Sesame Street characters"
},
{
"id": "12605676",
"text": "science teacher; he was played by Garrett Saunders on the test pilots, by Matt Robinson in the early years of the actual series, and after being briefly played by Hal Miller, was taken over by his longest-serving portrayer, Roscoe Orman, in 1974. The other three original human characters were Gordon's wife Susan, played by Loretta Long; Mr. Harold Hooper, a \"gruff grocer with [a] warm heart\" portrayed by Will Lee until his death in 1982; and Bob Johnson, a music teacher played by Bob McGrath. Unlike what was done for most children's television series at the time, the producers of",
"title": "Sesame Street characters"
},
{
"id": "7202749",
"text": "Pink Panther (character) The Pink Panther is a fictional animated character who appeared in the opening and/or closing credit sequences of every film in the \"Pink Panther\" series except for \"A Shot in the Dark\" and \"Inspector Clouseau\". In the storyline of the original film, \"the Pink Panther\" was the name of a valuable pink diamond named for a flaw that showed a \"figure of a springing panther\" when held up to the light in a certain way; in the credits this was translated to an animated pink panther. The character's popularity spawned a spin-off franchise of theatrical shorts, television",
"title": "Pink Panther (character)"
},
{
"id": "12605675",
"text": "from the story of Goldilocks appear in Muppet form on \"Sesame Street\". Telly Monster, a violet-red worrywart who overthinks everything, was described by writer David Borgenicht as \"neurotic\", and was originally portrayed as a television addict; Murray Monster, a dark orange monster with an energetic, outgoing personality and a sense of quick wit, who hosts a segment at the beginning of each episode called \"Word on the Street\"; The original human cast, chosen by Stone, consisted of four characters. The first character to be introduced to the show was Gordon Robinson, a \"well-liked and respected\" African-American ultimately portrayed as a",
"title": "Sesame Street characters"
},
{
"id": "12605673",
"text": "(who had a baby named Natasha), and bellhop Benny Rabbit. While the rights to Muppet characters from other productions were sold to The Walt Disney Company in 2004, Sesame Workshop continued to fully own the \"Sesame Street\" Muppets; as a result, Sesame Workshop was and is allowed to have new Muppets designed and built for the show. These have included Abby Cadabby, a pink fairy-in-training, who was introduced in 2006 to increase the number of the show's female Muppets; Her stepbrother, Rudy, was introduced to the show in the summer of 2017. Julia is the first Muppet with Autism on",
"title": "Sesame Street characters"
},
{
"id": "797402",
"text": "tries his best Oscar impression by saying \"I live in the trash.\" Oscar can also be seen at the end when Buddy reveals his cake, but then goes back in his trash can, ostensibly to get away from the laughing and cheering. Oscar also made appearances in episodes of the Cartoon Network show \"MAD\". Oscar the Grouch Oscar the Grouch is a character on the television program \"Sesame Street\". He has a green body, no visible nose, and lives in a trash can starred by Riley Murphy. His favorite thing is trash, as evidenced by the song \"I Love Trash\",",
"title": "Oscar the Grouch"
},
{
"id": "12605680",
"text": "a former firefighter. The most recent owner of Hooper's Store is Alan, played by Alan Muraoka. Gina Jefferson (played by Alison Bartlett O'Reilly) started on the show as a teenager working at Hooper's Store, later ran a day care center, and eventually became a veterinarian. The most recently introduced human characters on \"Sesame Street\" include Chris (Chris Knowings), Gordon and Susan's nephew, who works part-time at Hooper's Store; Indian-American laundromat owner Leela (Nitya Vidyasagar); and Armando (Ismael Crúz Cordova), an energetic Latino writer and \"techie [who] loves his gadgets\". Mr. Noodle, a major character in the \"Elmo's World\" segment, was",
"title": "Sesame Street characters"
},
{
"id": "8598145",
"text": "that the characters' respective births on the show occurred four years apart. A flashback in this episode also revealed that Miles was shy on his first day of school. Loretta Long and Bob McGrath are the only two remaining non-puppeteer actors on \"Sesame Street\" from its first episode, as Gordon has switched actors, and Will Lee (Mr. Hooper) died. While neither actor has appeared in a significant number of episodes in recent seasons, the longevity of their roles are with few precedents. Of the Muppets from the first episode—Big Bird, Oscar the Grouch, Kermit the Frog, Cookie Monster, and Bert",
"title": "The Robinson family (Sesame Street)"
},
{
"id": "10868681",
"text": "Byner reprising the role of both characters; \"The Dogfather\" and his henchdogs Pugg and Louie, who were redesigned for this series; The Muscle Man from the 1968 cartoon \"Come On In! The Water's Pink\"; The Witch from the 1969 cartoon \"Pink-A-Rella\"; and \"The Little Man\", who like the Panther, was also designed to speak in the series, with Wallace Shawn providing his voice. The series also featured new characters, including a mask-wearing tribal witch doctor named Voodoo Man, a little red-headed girl named Thelma, and a sweet old lady named Mrs. Chubalingo and her pet parrot Jules. The Pink Panther",
"title": "The Pink Panther (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "797380",
"text": "Oscar the Grouch Oscar the Grouch is a character on the television program \"Sesame Street\". He has a green body, no visible nose, and lives in a trash can starred by Riley Murphy. His favorite thing is trash, as evidenced by the song \"I Love Trash\", with a running theme being his collection of seemingly useless items. Although the term \"Grouch\" aptly describes Oscar's misanthropic interaction with the other characters, it also refers to his species. His birthday, as noted by Sesame Workshop, is on June 1. The character is performed by Caroll Spinney, and has been performed by him",
"title": "Oscar the Grouch"
},
{
"id": "4636253",
"text": "voicing their discontent about the final product, the film has since fared well generally, and has established cult status. Pink is a rock star, one of several reasons behind his apparent depressive and detached emotional state. He is first seen in an unkempt hotel room, motionless and expressionless, watching television while the Vera Lynn recording of \"The Little Boy that Santa Claus Forgot\" plays. It is later revealed that Pink's father, a British soldier, was killed in action while defending the Anzio bridgehead during World War II, in Pink's infancy. In a flashback, Pink is a young English boy growing",
"title": "Pink Floyd – The Wall"
},
{
"id": "7202751",
"text": "who is often considered a caricature of Friz Freleng (this character is officially known as The Little Man), by constantly trying to paint the Little Man's blue house pink. \"The Pink Phink\" won the 1964 Academy Award for Animated Short Film, and subsequent shorts in the series, usually featuring the Pink Panther opposite the Little Man, were successful releases. In an early series of Pink Panther animated cartoons, Pink generally remained silent, speaking only in two theatrical shorts, \"Sink Pink\" (one line) and \"Pink Ice\" (throughout the film). Rich Little provided Pink's voice in these shorts, modeling it on that",
"title": "Pink Panther (character)"
},
{
"id": "20609421",
"text": "Little Pink House Little Pink House is a 2017 American-Canadian biographical drama film written and directed by Courtney Balaker and starring Catherine Keener as Susette Kelo. It is based on the events related to \"Kelo v. City of New London\", a U.S. Supreme Court case in which Kelo unsuccessfully sued the city of New London, Connecticut for their controversial use of eminent domain. A small-town nurse named Susette Kelo emerges as the reluctant leader of her working-class neighbors in their struggle to save their homes from political and corporate interests bent on seizing the land and handing it over to",
"title": "Little Pink House"
},
{
"id": "20028529",
"text": "winged unicorns – named \"alicorns\" in later releases despite the word's origin – having royal status. With the success of the \"Friendship Is Magic\" television series, it also generated a . The line grossed over US$650 million in retail sales in 2013, and $1 billion annually in retail sales in 2014, and 2015. This particular era has an anthropomorphic spin-off, subtitled . The toyline often features nine characters – Twilight Sparkle, Rainbow Dash, Fluttershy, Pinkie Pie, Applejack, Rarity, Spike the Dragon, Princess Celestia, and Princess Luna – who are also the major protagonists in the \"\" television series and other",
"title": "My Little Pony (2010 toyline)"
},
{
"id": "8303683",
"text": "Alison Bartlett-O'Reilly Alison Bartlett-O'Reilly (born July 14, 1971) is an American actress and real estate agent, best known for portraying Gina Jefferson on \"Sesame Street\" since 1987. She played the character on an on-and-off basis in 1985, and became a regular in November 1987, although she has not been seen on the show since 2015. She appeared on Broadway, most notably in the original Broadway production of \"Hurlyburly\". Her television credits include: \"Rescue Me\", \"Law & Order\", \"The Sopranos\" and \"NYPD Blue\"; along with the made-for-television movie \"Right to Kill?\", and the ABC Afterschool Special \"It's Only Rock & Roll\".",
"title": "Alison Bartlett-O'Reilly"
},
{
"id": "12605667",
"text": "to demonstrate differing opinions\". Oscar and Big Bird were specifically created for the reshooting of the \"Street\" scenes with the idea that they would be able to interact with the human characters. For his part, Oscar has several friends of his own despite his pessimism; these include the Grouch's pet worm, Slimey, and his girlfriend Grundgetta. Two other Muppets who have appeared on the show since its beginning are Ernie and Bert, a pair of best friends with contrasting personalities; Ernie is portrayed as a free-spirited trickster who loves his rubber duck, while Bert is the world-weary foil to his",
"title": "Sesame Street characters"
},
{
"id": "1902362",
"text": "a U.S. children's television show that has been on the air since 1969, introduced a puppet character named after Domingo. In the series, Placido Flamingo was a pink singing bird who appeared regularly on \"Live from the Nest\" (a play on \"Live from the Met\") telecasts from the Nestropolitan Opera. In the 1989 special \"Sesame Street... 20 Years & Still Counting\", Domingo appeared with his namesake puppet, singing \"Look through the Window\" together. The show never revived the character after the puppeteer, Richard Hunt, who provided the voice for Placido Flamingo, died in early 1992. Similarly, in the 2009 Australian-Canadian",
"title": "Plácido Domingo"
},
{
"id": "12605678",
"text": "with her rendition of \"I'm a Little Teapot\". As Stone said, casting was the only aspect of the show that was \"just completely haphazard\". Most of \"Sesame Street\"s cast and crew found their jobs through personal relationships with Stone and the other producers. Bob's former girlfriend was Linda (Linda Bove), a librarian who communicated using American Sign Language, and who became the longest-running deaf character in television history. In 1985, Gordon and Susan adopted a shy child, Miles, who was later age-progressed into a fun-loving teenager who formed his own band. In 1971, the show introduced a Mexican-American character named",
"title": "Sesame Street characters"
},
{
"id": "15531141",
"text": "number 3 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. Naomi Scott Naomi Grace Scott (born 6 May 1993) is a British actress and singer. She is known for starring as Kimberly Hart, the Pink Ranger, in the 2017 \"Power Rangers\" movie and co-starring as Maddy Shannon in the science-fiction drama series \"Terra Nova\". Scott also starred as Mohini \"Mo\" Banjaree in the Disney Channel original movie \"Lemonade Mouth\", and as Megan in TV series \"Life Bites\". She is set to play Princess Jasmine in the live-action remake of \"Aladdin\". In July 2018, Sony Pictures Entertainment confirmed that Scott will",
"title": "Naomi Scott"
},
{
"id": "9921702",
"text": "so innocent, but the cook threatened to kill her the next day if she didn't obey. She killed a hind and cut out its heart and tongue; then she had the boy hide in the bed. The cook asked about the murder, and the boy got out of the bed and turned him into a poodle for his betrayal. The boy wished to go home. The girl was frightened at the thought of the journey, so the boy turned her into a pink (or carnation) and went home, with the poodle running after and the pink in his pocket. He",
"title": "The Pink"
},
{
"id": "3162293",
"text": "series \"Sonic the Hedgehog\", and \"Arthur\", an insecure accountant in a moth costume (wings included), in the superhero series \"The Tick\" in 1995, replacing Micky Dolenz, who had originally played Arthur. In 1993, he starred as the title character in both \"Mighty Max\" and \"\". Also at this time, he starred in what became one of his most popular roles, \"Yakko Warner\" of \"Animaniacs\". Paulsen also provided the voice of \"Pinky\" from both \"Animaniacs\" and its spin-off \"Pinky and the Brain\", a show which won him several Annie Awards and a Daytime Emmy in 1999. He also did a number",
"title": "Rob Paulsen"
},
{
"id": "15531136",
"text": "Naomi Scott Naomi Grace Scott (born 6 May 1993) is a British actress and singer. She is known for starring as Kimberly Hart, the Pink Ranger, in the 2017 \"Power Rangers\" movie and co-starring as Maddy Shannon in the science-fiction drama series \"Terra Nova\". Scott also starred as Mohini \"Mo\" Banjaree in the Disney Channel original movie \"Lemonade Mouth\", and as Megan in TV series \"Life Bites\". She is set to play Princess Jasmine in the live-action remake of \"Aladdin\". In July 2018, Sony Pictures Entertainment confirmed that Scott will star as one of the three lead 'Angels' in the",
"title": "Naomi Scott"
},
{
"id": "8598138",
"text": "being incredibly sexist to being slightly less sexist\" This view was helped by characters like Betty Lou, \"a simpering, querulous little girl with pigtails and a squeaky voice\". Matt Robinson was, however, the voice of Roosevelt Franklin, a purple Muppet meant to represent an African American boy. While the skits with the character musically provided reading and writing concepts, critics found his jive-talking to be a cultural stereotype, and the producers of the series removed him. Roscoe Orman provided the voice of one of Roosevelt's classmates, Hardhat Henry Harris, before joining the series as the third actor to play Gordon.",
"title": "The Robinson family (Sesame Street)"
},
{
"id": "1769540",
"text": "Fran Brill Frances Joan \"Fran\" Brill (born September 30, 1946) is an American actress and puppeteer, best known for her roles on \"Sesame Street\" as well as playing Sally Hayes in the Hal Ashby film \"Being There\" (1979) and Lily Marvin in the Frank Oz film \"What About Bob?\" (1991). Brill was born in Chester, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Linette and Joseph M. Brill. Her father was a physician. She is a graduate of Boston University College of Fine Arts. She began her career in theater, making her Broadway debut in the 1969 play \"Red, White and Maddox\". Her other",
"title": "Fran Brill"
},
{
"id": "12605666",
"text": "by writer Shalom M. Fisch and Dr. Lewis Bernstein to be a canary, who resides in a large nest alongside the \"123 Sesame Street\" building and represents the 6-year-old child with his tendency to question everything. Big Bird's best friend is Aloysius Snuffleupagus (better known as \"Snuffy\"), who was portrayed as the bird's imaginary friend until revealed to the human cast in 1985. Also living outside of the building is Oscar the Grouch, a trash can-dwelling creature belonging to his own unique species, who is portrayed as a habitual pessimist and was designed to give children \"permission to feel grouchy—and",
"title": "Sesame Street characters"
},
{
"id": "1904861",
"text": "response from critics, although some have found her cute and powerful, others have criticized her voice acting and personality. She has frequently appeared in \"Sonic\" merchandise. Amy is a pink anthropomorphic hedgehog created by Kenji Terada for the \"Sonic the Hedgehog\" manga, which had debuted in 1992. The character was redesigned the next year for the Sega CD game, \"Sonic CD\". An early grayscale concept sketch shows her very similar to her appearance in the game except for her shoes, which were made larger. Her fur color was red at first, and her skirt orange. The character had two other",
"title": "Amy Rose"
},
{
"id": "7559908",
"text": "role as Karone in the final episode of \"Power Rangers Super Megaforce\", which aired in November, 2014. Along with other past and current Power Rangers cast members, she makes regular appearances at various sci-fi/comic cons. Melody Perkins Melody Perkins (born January 28, 1974) is an American actress, model and dancer. She is known for her regular role as the villainess later turned heroine Astronema in \"Power Rangers in Space\", and became the Pink Ranger in \"Power Rangers Lost Galaxy\". Perkins was born in Wiesbaden, West Germany and grew up in Sacramento, California. Her major in college was quantitative economics. An",
"title": "Melody Perkins"
},
{
"id": "6361939",
"text": "Khokha (peach) is a furry pinkish orange colored monster with long black hair. She is a very inquisitive, imaginative and confident character whose main message is to encourage young girls. Filfil (pepper) is a bearded furry purple monster who often gets carried away with himself. He is a bit egotistical and loves to eat honey-sesame sticks. Alam Simsim reuses many of the sketches from other versions of Sesame Street, dubbed into Egyptian Arabic. Some of these include segments using American Muppets, however some names are changed. Ernie and Bert are known as Shadi and Hadi, Elmo is called Tohfa (antique),",
"title": "Alam Simsim"
},
{
"id": "7202765",
"text": "broadcast TV in the case of \"The Flintstones\". Freleng's colleagues credit his sense of creative timing as a key element to the cartoon's artistic success. Freleng himself regarded the Pink Panther as his finest achievement and the character he most identified with, according to family and colleagues interviewed on the 2006 DVD release. Pink Panther (character) The Pink Panther is a fictional animated character who appeared in the opening and/or closing credit sequences of every film in the \"Pink Panther\" series except for \"A Shot in the Dark\" and \"Inspector Clouseau\". In the storyline of the original film, \"the Pink",
"title": "Pink Panther (character)"
},
{
"id": "1772474",
"text": "\"The Adventures of Grover in Outer Space\" is a Sesame Street storybook featuring Grover that was published in 1984. \"When Grover Moved to Sesame Street\" was published in 1985. He was also featured in \"I Want a Hat Like That\" (1987, reprinted 1999). \"Sesame Street\" is modified for different national markets, and Grover is often renamed. Grover Grover, also known as Super Grover and Grover Monster, is a muppet character on the popular television show \"Sesame Street\". Self-described as lovable, cute and furry, he is a blue monster who rarely uses contractions when he speaks or sings. Grover was originally",
"title": "Grover"
},
{
"id": "1879018",
"text": "Jim Varney James Albert Varney Jr. (June 15, 1949 – February 10, 2000) was an American actor, comedian, and writer. He is best known for his role as Ernest P. Worrell, who was used in numerous television commercial advertising campaigns and films and for which he won a Daytime Emmy Award. He gained further notability for playing Jed Clampett in the film version of \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" (1993) and providing the voice of Slinky Dog in \"Toy Story\" (1995) and \"Toy Story 2 Varney was born in Lexington, Kentucky. As a child, he displayed the ability to memorize long poems",
"title": "Jim Varney"
},
{
"id": "590674",
"text": "another Peabody Award in 2009 for sesamestreet.org. In 2013, TV Guide ranked the series No. 30 on its list of the 60 Best Series. As of 2016, \"Sesame Street\" has received 167 Emmy Awards, more than any other television series. Sesame Street Sesame Street is an American educational children's television series that combines live action, sketch comedy, animation and puppetry. It is produced by Sesame Workshop (formerly known as the Children's Television Workshop until June 2000) and was created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett. The program is known for its images communicated through the use of Jim Henson's",
"title": "Sesame Street"
},
{
"id": "1699782",
"text": "and \"Lie to Me\", for Cher's new album, \"Closer to the Truth\". Pink starred as a sex addict alongside Gwyneth Paltrow and Mark Ruffalo in the 2013 movie \"Thanks for Sharing\". The official trailer was released on June 27 and the movie premièred on September 20, 2013. Her legal name, Alecia Moore, is used for the movie credits. Her role as Dede was heavily praised by critics. rogerebert.com commented on her performance saying \"Of all the cast here, the least experienced is the pop singer Pink, yet she does the best acting in the film: natural, a little harsh, a",
"title": "Pink (singer)"
},
{
"id": "2618641",
"text": "Dark's \"If You Leave\" became an international hit and charted at #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in May 1986. High school senior Andie Walsh lives with her underemployed working class father, Jack, in a Chicago suburb. Andie's best friend, Phil \"Duckie\" Dale, is in love with her, but is afraid to tell her how he truly feels. In school, Duckie and Andie, along with their friends, are harassed and bullied by the arrogant \"richie\" kids, specifically Benny Hanson and her boyfriend Steff McKee, who is secretly interested in Andie. While working after school at TRAX, a new wave record",
"title": "Pretty in Pink"
},
{
"id": "4636257",
"text": "ruins. Pink then stops hallucinating and screams \"Stop!\" He then takes refuge in the toilets at the concert venue, reciting poems. In a climactic animated sequence, Pink, depicted as a small, almost inanimate rag doll, is on trial, and his sentence is \"to be exposed before [his] peers.\" The judge gives the order to \"tear down the wall\". Following a prolonged silence, the wall is smashed. Several children are seen cleaning up a pile of debris after an earlier riot, with a freeze-frame on one of the children emptying a Molotov cocktail. In the mid-1970s, as Pink Floyd gained mainstream",
"title": "Pink Floyd – The Wall"
},
{
"id": "7639851",
"text": "Andrea Libman Andrea Eva Libman (born July 19, 1984) is a Canadian actress, voice actress, pianist, and singer, whose most popular on-screen appearances are in \"Little Women\", \"Andre\", and a guest role on \"The X-Files\". She is also known for providing voice acting in various animated shows, most notably the characters of Pinkie Pie and Fluttershy in \"\"-related works. Her best-known voice roles include \"Dragon Ball\", \"Madeline\" (taking the role of the lead character from Tracey Lee Smyth in 1995 and holding on to it until \"My Fair Madeline\" in 2002, in which the role was passed on to Chantal",
"title": "Andrea Libman"
},
{
"id": "6610540",
"text": "always tripping into things, crashing into some obstacles, and ending up breaking things. An earth pony with a pink body and a light pink mane & tail. Her cutie mark is three balloons. Pinkie Pie is imaginative, friendly and fun-loving, sometimes taking the lead in some situations. She also loves planning big parties and anything pink, hence her name. Other than that, she also displays some sarcastic streak over certain things and likes to hang out with Minty, despite her being a klutz. An earth pony with a sky blue body and a multicolored mane and tail. She has a",
"title": "My Little Pony: A Very Minty Christmas"
},
{
"id": "1317413",
"text": "create an approximate storyline of events in the life of the protagonist, Pink (who is introduced in the songs \"In the Flesh?\" and \"The Thin Ice\"), a character based on Syd Barrett as well as Roger Waters, whose father was killed during the Second World War. Pink's father also dies in a war (\"Another Brick in the Wall (Part 1)\"), which is where Pink starts to build a metaphorical \"wall\" around himself. Pink is oppressed by his overprotective mother (\"Mother\") and tormented at school by tyrannical, abusive teachers (\"The Happiest Days of Our Lives\"). All of these traumas become metaphorical",
"title": "The Wall"
},
{
"id": "8303684",
"text": "She has recently announced that she moved her contract to HBO. Alison Bartlett-O'Reilly Alison Bartlett-O'Reilly (born July 14, 1971) is an American actress and real estate agent, best known for portraying Gina Jefferson on \"Sesame Street\" since 1987. She played the character on an on-and-off basis in 1985, and became a regular in November 1987, although she has not been seen on the show since 2015. She appeared on Broadway, most notably in the original Broadway production of \"Hurlyburly\". Her television credits include: \"Rescue Me\", \"Law & Order\", \"The Sopranos\" and \"NYPD Blue\"; along with the made-for-television movie \"Right to",
"title": "Alison Bartlett-O'Reilly"
},
{
"id": "3161315",
"text": "Catherine Sutherland Catherine Jane Sutherland (born 24 October 1974) is an Australian actress. She is known for her portrayal of Kat Hillard, the second Pink Power Ranger and later, the Pink Zeo Ranger and the first Pink Turbo Ranger in the \"Power Rangers\" television series. Sutherland joined the cast of \"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers\" partway through its third season, replacing Amy Jo Johnson's character Kimberly Hart as the bearer of the title of Pink Ranger. Sutherland as Kat remained a member of the cast during the fourth season \"Power Rangers Zeo\", the film \"\", and the fifth season \"Power Rangers",
"title": "Catherine Sutherland"
},
{
"id": "12605683",
"text": "Alice Braithwaite Goodyshoes, described by Lesser as an \"arrogant, sanctimonious know-it-all\", and the Teeny Little Super Guy, a typical problem solver. In 2008, Bert and Ernie got their own Claymation segment called \"Bert and Ernie's Great Adventure\", in which they explore the world, going on \"active adventures in exotic locations\", according to \"Sesame Street\" executive producer Carol-Lynn Parente. The following year, Abby Cadabby got her own computer-animated segment, \"Abby's Flying Fairy School\", where she takes fairy training classes from her teacher Mrs. Sparklenose, along with her classmates Gonnigan and Blögg. Additionally, several DC Comics characters were licensed for use in",
"title": "Sesame Street characters"
},
{
"id": "16851271",
"text": "Pepper, a wisecracking skunk passionate about comedy; Minka, a bouncy spider monkey with a flair for painting and visual arts; Penny Ling, a sensitive giant panda interested in rhythmic gymnastics; Russell, a hedgehog who is often the self-appointed leader of his animal bunkmates; Sunil, a mongoose and magician hopeful; Vinnie, a clumsy gecko obsessed with dancing; and Zoe, a diva-like dog with a talent for singing. Other human characters include Mrs. Twombly, owner of the shop and Blythe's boss, and Youngmee Song, Sue Patterson, and Jasper Jones, Blythe's friends. Hasbro owns the rights of both Blythe and Littlest Pet Shop,",
"title": "Littlest Pet Shop (2012 TV series)"
},
{
"id": "1491785",
"text": "than it is high. In addition, Bert has visible eyebrows (actually a unibrow), while Ernie does not. Bert has a pet pigeon named Bernice, and he created a dance called \"Doin' the Pigeon\". In one sketch, Bert gets dressed and says he is going to a pigeon lovers party, which is hosted by himself. Bert serves as President of the National Association of W Lovers, a club dedicated to the letter W. Two conventions held by the W Lovers have been shown on the show. Bert has pet goldfish, two of whom are named Lyle and Talbot. Bert's favorite number",
"title": "Bert (Sesame Street)"
},
{
"id": "3162287",
"text": "Rob Paulsen Robert Fredrick Paulsen III (born March 11, 1956) is an American voice actor and singer who has done many voice roles in various films, television shows, and video games, including Raphael and Donatello from the 1987 cartoon and 2012 cartoon respectively of \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"; Yakko Warner, Dr. Otto Scratchansniff, and Pinky from \"Animaniacs\" and \"Pinky and the Brain\"; Carl Wheezer from \"\"; and the title character in \"\". In total, Paulsen has been the voice of over 250 different animated characters and performed in over 1000 commercials. He continues to play parts in dozens of cartoons",
"title": "Rob Paulsen"
},
{
"id": "3838056",
"text": "Barkley (Sesame Street) Barkley is a Muppet dog who appears on \"Sesame Street\". He was originally called Woof-Woof when he first appeared in Season 9. In the 10th season premiere, the cast voted to rename him Barkley. Barkley is an orange and white colored dog that is energetic and playful, but is not anthropomorphized in the way that Rowlf the Dog and other characters are. While he may exhibit human-like emotions, he communicates only through barks, yelps, and physical contact. He was Linda's guide dog and understood the American Sign Language signs for \"sit\" and \"stay.\" However, he also had",
"title": "Barkley (Sesame Street)"
},
{
"id": "19403570",
"text": "Pink (2016 film) Pink is a 2016 Indian social thriller film directed by Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury, written by Ritesh Shah, and produced by Rashmi Sharma Telefilms (Pawan Kumar and Rashmi Sharma), Sheel Kumar and Shoojit Sircar. It stars Amitabh Bachchan, Taapsee Pannu, Kirti Kulhari, Andrea Tariang, Angad Bedi, Piyush Mishra, and Dhritiman Chatterjee. It was released on 16 September 2016. The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) granted the film a U/A certificate with four verbal cuts. The film received widespread critical acclaim, and garnered the National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues. The film was specially",
"title": "Pink (2016 film)"
},
{
"id": "14132322",
"text": "The Big Street The Big Street is a 1942 American drama film starring Henry Fonda and Lucille Ball, based on the short story \"Little Pinks\" by Damon Runyon, who also produced the movie. The film was directed by Irving Reis. The screenplay was written by Leonard Spigelgass from Runyon's story. The Big Street was a nickname for \"The Broadway\", where this movie's plot starts, and where all Runyon stories take place. The film focuses on busboy Augustus Pinkerton II (Henry Fonda), known as \"Little Pinks\", and his relationship with a pretty but cold-hearted singer, Gloria Lyons (Lucille Ball), who is",
"title": "The Big Street"
},
{
"id": "3162304",
"text": "Channel animated series \"The Replacements\". He is the voice of Bobble in the Tinker Bell movies. Paulsen also played the titular character for an animated web series based on the video game Bravoman for Namco Bandai's ShiftyLook division. Paulsen has been nominated for an Annie Award for his role of Pinky for 4 consecutive years, which he won in 1996, 1997, and 1999. In 1999, he also won the Daytime Emmy Award for voicing Pinky. In 2004, he was nominated for his role of the Troubadour in \"\", and in 2005, he was nominated for his role in \"The Happy",
"title": "Rob Paulsen"
},
{
"id": "1699751",
"text": "years old. She adopted her stagename, \"Pink\", around this time. She had that nickname for quite some time by that point, and initially it had been \"a mean thing\". She had gotten that name from the character \"Mr. Pink\" in Quentin Tarantino's film \"Reservoir Dogs\". Pink has said, \"I was extreme. I went through phases from skateboarder, to hip-hopper, to rave child, to lead singer in a band. I did it all, and all at the same time.\" At 14, she was convinced to audition to become a member of the all-female group Basic Instinct, and earned a spot in",
"title": "Pink (singer)"
},
{
"id": "15984603",
"text": "Harman and Samuel Holmes will play Lord Farquaad alongside Marcus Ayton as Donkey and Stefan Harri as Shrek. Lily credits Pink as her major musical influence and idol. She also admires Kelly Clarkson, and cited her as her hero during \"The X Factor\", singing one of her songs in the show, \"Since U Been Gone\". Lily is a Type 1 diabetic, having been diagnosed with the condition aged three. She is the sister of \"Any Dream Will Do\"s Lewis Bradley. MUSIC VIDEOS Amelia Lily Amelia Lily (born Amelia Lily Oliver; 16 October 1994) is an English actress and pop singer",
"title": "Amelia Lily"
},
{
"id": "7559905",
"text": "Melody Perkins Melody Perkins (born January 28, 1974) is an American actress, model and dancer. She is known for her regular role as the villainess later turned heroine Astronema in \"Power Rangers in Space\", and became the Pink Ranger in \"Power Rangers Lost Galaxy\". Perkins was born in Wiesbaden, West Germany and grew up in Sacramento, California. Her major in college was quantitative economics. An accomplished dancer, Perkins has performed with the Sacramento Ballet Company and the Jazz Unlimited Dance Company. She also models, with clients which include Lands' End. She broke into acting during a modelling trip to Europe,",
"title": "Melody Perkins"
},
{
"id": "4274821",
"text": "and featured some actors who would later appear in Barrio Sésamo, mainly Mari Luz Olier, Alfonso Vallejo and the child-actress Ruth Gabriel (then known as Ruth Abellán). The \"Sesame Street\" sketches in \"La Cometa Blanca\" were so successful with their young audience that the Spanish-version was given another chance in 1983. Only José Riesgo as Julián returned from the first season. Caponata and Perezjil were replaced by two new Muppets totally designed, this time, and constructed by CTW. The main character was Espinete, a large pink hedgehog that replaced Caponata. Like Caponata, Espinete was a full-body Muppet and was the",
"title": "Barrio Sésamo"
},
{
"id": "3352911",
"text": "Lesley-Anne Down Lesley-Anne Down (born 17 March 1954) is an English actress, former model, and singer. She achieved fame as Georgina Worsley in the ITV drama series \"Upstairs, Downstairs\" (1973–75). She received further recognition for her performances in the films \"The Pink Panther Strikes Again\" (1976), \"A Little Night Music\" (1977), \"The First Great Train Robbery\" (1979), \"Hanover Street\" (1979), \"Rough Cut\" (1980), \"Sphinx\" (1981), and \"Nomads\" (1986). She is also known as Madeline Fabray in the miniseries \"North and South\" (1985–86), for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 1986. In 1990, Down played the role",
"title": "Lesley-Anne Down"
},
{
"id": "12605668",
"text": "friend's naïve trouble-making, and shows himself to be obsessed with things like pigeons and paper clips. The debate on these characters sexuality is highly disputed, but as of September 2018, Bert and Ernie are confirmed to not have any sexuality, as do the other characters on this list. Also appearing on the show are an unidentified species of furry characters referred to as \"monsters\". Among these are Cookie Monster, a blue monster with a baritone voice, who is addicted to the baked goods for which he is named but ironically also likes healthy foods; he will eat anything and everything",
"title": "Sesame Street characters"
},
{
"id": "13069635",
"text": "doing everything in his power to prevent Snowball's evil schemes, knowing that a world under Snowball's rule would be the worst-case scenario. Pinky (voiced by Rob Paulsen) is a genetically modified mouse who shares the same cage as Brain at Acme Labs. Pinky is an extremely unstable and hyperactive mouse. He has several verbal tics, such as \"narf\", \"zort\", \"poit\" and \"troz\" the last of which he started saying after noticing it was \"zort\" in the mirror. Pinky's appearance is the complete opposite of Brain's—while Brain is short, has a crooked tail and pink eyes, and speaks in a deeper,",
"title": "Pinky and the Brain"
},
{
"id": "6094962",
"text": "Janyse Jaud Janyse Aldis Jaud (; born November 26, 1969), known in her singing career as Janyse and in her movie career as Janyse Jaud, is a Canadian voice actress, dancer, and singer. As a voice actress, she tends to be cast as flirtatious women with low sultry voices, although she has done cutesy voices. Some of her best known voice acting roles are Kagura and Kanna in the \"Inuyasha\" series, Lee Kanker and Sarah in \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\", and Pinkie Pie in \"My Little Pony\". Jaud has also done live-action work. Raised on an orchard, Jaud started performing",
"title": "Janyse Jaud"
},
{
"id": "2128488",
"text": "Pink Flamingos Pink Flamingos is a 1972 American black comedy exploitation crime film directed, written, produced, filmed, and edited by John Waters. It is part of what Waters has labelled the \"Trash Trilogy\", which also includes \"Female Trouble\" (1974) and \"Desperate Living\" (1977). The film stars the countercultural drag queen Divine as a criminal living under the name of Babs Johnson, \"the filthiest person alive\". While living in a trailer with Edie (Edith Massey) and Crackers (Danny Mills)—her mother and son respectively—and companion Cotton (Mary Vivian Pearce), Divine is confronted by the Marbles (David Lochary and Mink Stole), a couple",
"title": "Pink Flamingos"
},
{
"id": "590625",
"text": "Sesame Street Sesame Street is an American educational children's television series that combines live action, sketch comedy, animation and puppetry. It is produced by Sesame Workshop (formerly known as the Children's Television Workshop until June 2000) and was created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett. The program is known for its images communicated through the use of Jim Henson's Muppets, and includes short films, with humor and cultural references. The series premiered on November 10, 1969, to positive reviews, some controversy, and high viewership; it has aired on the U.S.'s national public television provider PBS since its debut, with",
"title": "Sesame Street"
},
{
"id": "4379345",
"text": "Linda (Sesame Street) Linda, portrayed by Linda Bove, was a character on the children's program \"Sesame Street\". Bove, who is deaf, appeared on \"Sesame Street\" with the National Theater of the Deaf and made her debut on the show as a librarian named Linda in Episode 0326, which aired in January 1972. Initially appearing on a sporadic basis, she became a regular member of the cast in 1975, and continued to appear until 2003. The character communicated only in sign language but interacted positively with other members of the \"Sesame Street\" community as a normal citizen and resident of Sesame",
"title": "Linda (Sesame Street)"
},
{
"id": "1491782",
"text": "Bert (Sesame Street) Bert is a Muppet character on the long running children's television show, \"Sesame Street\". Bert was originally performed by Frank Oz. Since 1997, Muppeteer Eric Jacobson has been phased in as Bert's primary performer. Bert has also made cameo appearances within \"The Muppets\" franchise, including \"The Muppet Show\", \"The Muppet Movie\", and \"The Muppets Take Manhattan\". He and his roommate Ernie form a comic duo that is one of the program's centerpieces, with Bert acting as the world weary foil to Ernie's naive troublemaking. Bert, though kind and intelligent, is also grumpy, boring, serious, and easily frustrated.",
"title": "Bert (Sesame Street)"
},
{
"id": "4843718",
"text": "Japan, reaching No. 2 on the Japanese charts. On September 24, 2013 the band released their seventh studio album \"Get Happy\". On March 4, 2014, they released \"Dream a Little Dream\" with the von Trapps. The band has performed with Jimmy Scott, Carol Channing, Rufus Wainwright, Martha Wainwright, Jane Powell, Henri Salvador, Chavela Vargas, Joey Arias, Basil Twist, Georges Moustaki, Michael Feinstein, Gus Van Sant, Courtney Taylor Taylor of The Dandy Warhols, Norman Leyden, Hiroshi Wada, Alba Clemente, Johnny Dynell and Chi Chi Valenti, Ari Shapiro, the original cast of \"Sesame Street\", Lions of Batucada, Jorge Alabê, March Fourth Marching",
"title": "Pink Martini"
},
{
"id": "5291075",
"text": "You\" and \"Pass/Fail\") as Vanessa Wheeler, and in 2014 portrayed Diana Sydney on \"The 100\" and Starfleet captain Sonya Alexander in the fan film \"Star Trek Axanar\". In 2016, Vernon played Caroline Morrow in an episode of \"NCIS\". Kate Vernon Kate Vernon (born April 21, 1961) is a Canadian-born film and television actress. She is best known for her roles as Lorraine Prescott on the CBS soap opera \"Falcon Crest\" from (1984–1985), the stuck-up and popular Benny Hanson in the comedy film \"Pretty in Pink\" (1986), and Ellen Tigh on the re-imagined \"Battlestar Galactica\" (2004–2009). Vernon was born in Canada",
"title": "Kate Vernon"
},
{
"id": "18530792",
"text": "series \"Bagpuss\" was a striped pink cat. The puppet used for animation was originally supposed to be marmalade coloured, but was dyed pink accidentally during the manufacturing process. Another children's television series, \"Roobarb and Custard\" featured a pink cat, Custard. Creator Grange Calveley based Custard's mannerisms on Sid James. The Pink Panther is a cartoon character created by Friz Freleng. As well as featuring in the opening titles of the films starring Peter Sellers, he has appeared in spin-off cartoon series. Animation historian Jerry Beck has said the character is \"anti-authority – he's cool yet he's pink\". In 2014, Dutch",
"title": "Pink cat"
},
{
"id": "8787741",
"text": "Karen Prell Karen Leigh Prell (born July 31, 1959) is an animator and puppeteer. She was the performer of Red Fraggle in \"Fraggle Rock\". Prell was born in Florida but grew up in Seattle, Washington. She also performed some characters in other Jim Henson films and has enjoyed a significant second career as a computer animator for such studios as Pixar and DNA. In \"Sesame Street\", she performed Deena Monster, which was a background character in the classic \"Sesame Street\". Her website includes notes about working with Jim Henson and pictures of her custom puppets. Prell married fellow muppeteer Mike",
"title": "Karen Prell"
},
{
"id": "5955320",
"text": "The Pink Panther (1963 film) The Pink Panther is a 1963 American comedy film directed by Blake Edwards and co-written by Edwards and Maurice Richlin, starring David Niven, Peter Sellers, Robert Wagner, Capucine and Claudia Cardinale. The film introduced the cartoon character of the same name, in an opening credits sequence animated by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises. The film was selected in 2010 to be preserved by the Library of Congress as part of its National Film Registry, being deemed \"culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant.\" As a child in Lugash, Princess Dala receives a gift from her father, the Maharajah: the \"Pink",
"title": "The Pink Panther (1963 film)"
},
{
"id": "19403586",
"text": "remade into Tamil, starring Ajith Kumar directed by H.Vinoth. Pink (2016 film) Pink is a 2016 Indian social thriller film directed by Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury, written by Ritesh Shah, and produced by Rashmi Sharma Telefilms (Pawan Kumar and Rashmi Sharma), Sheel Kumar and Shoojit Sircar. It stars Amitabh Bachchan, Taapsee Pannu, Kirti Kulhari, Andrea Tariang, Angad Bedi, Piyush Mishra, and Dhritiman Chatterjee. It was released on 16 September 2016. The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) granted the film a U/A certificate with four verbal cuts. The film received widespread critical acclaim, and garnered the National Film Award for Best",
"title": "Pink (2016 film)"
},
{
"id": "1394017",
"text": "in the park, each episode also consisted of almost entirely Canadian segments with only occasional American ones, most commonly featuring Bert and Ernie. Added to the cast was a Muppet kitten named Chaos (named after Golick's own cat) and a human character named Ray. Many guests made appearances on the series, including Red Green, a Canadian situation-comedy character played by Steve Smith, and Eric Peterson as Old King Cole. The series joined the CBC Playground lineup on October 21, along with \"Wimzie's House\". In 1999, the series received its nomination and win from the Gemini Awards, for Best Preschool Program",
"title": "Sesame Park"
},
{
"id": "1402024",
"text": "the best of what television and media have to offer, for doing what I've always wanted to do.\" Spinney is the subject of a full-length documentary by Copper Pot Pictures called \"\" that premiered at the April 2014 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival. Caroll Spinney Caroll Edwin Spinney (born December 26, 1933) is a retired American puppeteer, cartoonist, author and speaker most famous for playing Big Bird and Oscar the Grouch on \"Sesame Street\" from its inception in 1969 until 2018. He is usually credited as Caroll Spinney but has sometimes been credited using the alternate spelling \"Carroll Spinney\"",
"title": "Caroll Spinney"
},
{
"id": "6094966",
"text": "Outer Limits\", \"Double Exposure\" and \"Andromeda\". Janyse Jaud Janyse Aldis Jaud (; born November 26, 1969), known in her singing career as Janyse and in her movie career as Janyse Jaud, is a Canadian voice actress, dancer, and singer. As a voice actress, she tends to be cast as flirtatious women with low sultry voices, although she has done cutesy voices. Some of her best known voice acting roles are Kagura and Kanna in the \"Inuyasha\" series, Lee Kanker and Sarah in \"Ed, Edd n Eddy\", and Pinkie Pie in \"My Little Pony\". Jaud has also done live-action work. Raised",
"title": "Janyse Jaud"
},
{
"id": "4082518",
"text": "a covered walkway with shops and restaurants themed after a soundstage with a recreation of a Hollywood street inside. \"Restaurants:\" \"Shops:\" Toon Studio is inspired by Disney and Pixar animated characters. The lot features such Disney and Pixar characters as Crush (from \"Finding Nemo\"), The Genie (from \"Aladdin\"), Mater and Lightning McQueen (from \"Cars\"), Buzz Lightyear, Woody, Slinky, and other characters from \"Toy Story\", in addition to the other Disney characters present in the land’s show, Mickey and the Magician. When the park originally opened in 2002, the land was known as \"Animation Courtyard\" but in 2007, as part of",
"title": "Walt Disney Studios Park"
},
{
"id": "797381",
"text": "since the show's first episode. Since 2015, Eric Jacobson has been the understudy for the character. Initially, the Puppet characters on \"Sesame Street\" did not actually appear on Sesame Street itself, but were relegated to the intermediary segments. Muppets creator Jim Henson wanted them to be integrated into the series, suggesting a giant bird and creature living in the neighborhood's trash can. The character was developed by \"Sesame Street\" head writer Jon Stone and Henson, based on the personality of a “magnificently rude” waiter. Puppeteer Caroll Spinney found inspiration for the voice in the driver of a New York City",
"title": "Oscar the Grouch"
},
{
"id": "8817374",
"text": "and health-focused show \"Lazy Town\"... is especially interesting. While she seems almost over-the-top stereotypical, with her pink hair, pink clothes, pink room, pink everything, she also plays sports, thinks on her feet, and loves computer games. She makes pink a power color but is one of the only girls on the show.\" Stephanie (LazyTown) Stephanie is a fictional character from the English-language and Icelandic-produced children's television show \"LazyTown\". She inspires the citizens of the titular town to stay active. She has pink hair and as such is often referred to as 'Pinky' by the puppet character Trixie. She came to",
"title": "Stephanie (LazyTown)"
},
{
"id": "20993839",
"text": "Ilbo wrote that Pinkfong, a pink desert fox character that combines a fox and a phone, is \"emerging as the second Pororo\", with housewives with young children calling him \"President Pinkfong\". CEO Lee said that Pinkfong might be described \"somewhere between Disney and Sesame Street\". An August, 2018, comparison of YouTube channel subscribers showed the established brand, Sesame Street, had 3.9 million subscribers and Pinkfong had 10 million. The YouTube channel videos include educational preschool songs, rhymes and stories that incorporate the use of colors, numbers and letters. Song lyrics are repetitive, animation is bright and bold, and they run",
"title": "Pinkfong"
},
{
"id": "18964126",
"text": "Darla (dog) Darla (1975–1992) was a Bichon Frise and animal actress most known for her role as Precious in the 1991 thriller, \"The Silence of the Lambs\". Darla began her career in 1985 in the film, \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" as the role of Pink Poodle; going on to star alongside Tom Hanks in 1989's \"The 'Burbs\" as Queenie. She later did an episode of \"Coach\" before acting in her first starring role as Precious in 1991's \"The Silence of the Lambs\". Darla has since become a cult icon due to the film's success with many wondering what exact breed she",
"title": "Darla (dog)"
},
{
"id": "12190619",
"text": "nose, and he is usually white in color but sometimes give a Caucasian shading. In some cases, he seems wearing nothing, but in other cases, he wears a costume (or at least a hat) fitting to his role in the cartoon. Several cartoons depict him with a white dog as his pet. While he resembles The Inspector in the animated credits of Pink Panther films, the Little Man is usually said to be a caricature of Friz Freleng, with his mustache, short stature, and equally short temper. (These same characteristics of Freleng had previously served as an inspiration for Freleng's",
"title": "The Little Man (The Pink Panther)"
},
{
"id": "1402013",
"text": "Caroll Spinney Caroll Edwin Spinney (born December 26, 1933) is a retired American puppeteer, cartoonist, author and speaker most famous for playing Big Bird and Oscar the Grouch on \"Sesame Street\" from its inception in 1969 until 2018. He is usually credited as Caroll Spinney but has sometimes been credited using the alternate spelling \"Carroll Spinney\" or under the name Ed Spinney. Caroll Edwin Spinney was born in Waltham, Massachusetts on December 26, 1933. His mother, a native of Bolton, England, named him Caroll because he was born the day after Christmas. He has been drawing and painting since he",
"title": "Caroll Spinney"
},
{
"id": "15531139",
"text": "she was cast as Maddy Shannon, in the science-fiction series \"Terra Nova\" which premiered in September 2011 on Fox. The series was not renewed for a second season. In 2013, Scott appeared in the music video for the song \"Hurricane\", by her \"Lemonade Mouth\" co-star Bridgit Mendler. In August 2014, she independently released her debut EP \"Invisible Division\". Scott was cast as Ryoko in Ridley Scott's \"The Martian\". She filmed her scenes but they were removed from the final cut. In October 2015, she was cast in a co-leading role as Kimberly Hart, the Pink Ranger, in \"Power Rangers\" (2017),",
"title": "Naomi Scott"
},
{
"id": "14606491",
"text": "an animated TV series as Newt Gingrich and \"Bob\" in an episode of Steven Spielberg's \"Pinky and the Brain\". The episode title was \"The Pink Candidate\". In 1998, Snyder starred in his first feature film as Mr. Toad in the American version of Martin Gates's \"The Wind in the Willows\". Snyder also played the villain, Thaddeus J. Pinchworm, in \"The Wacky Adventures of Ronald McDonald\", which was animated by Klasky Csupo. In May 2010, Snyder began to voice the Disney character, Jiminy Cricket. His first appearance as him was in the popular video game series, \"Kingdom Hearts.\" He took over",
"title": "Phil Snyder"
},
{
"id": "12190618",
"text": "The Little Man (The Pink Panther) The Little Man was a regular character who appeared in the original \"Pink Panther\" shorts created by David DePatie and Friz Freleng. The Little Man is considered the main antagonist of the Pink Panther series. The Little Man first appeared in 1964 in the first entry of the \"Pink Panther\" animated series, \"The Pink Phink\". The character became a foil for the Pink Panther and would appear throughout the series in its 16-year duration. The Little Man appears in various roles throughout the entire original series. He seldom speaks and has a distinctive big",
"title": "The Little Man (The Pink Panther)"
},
{
"id": "7163996",
"text": "potential love interest for Joel McHale's character. The episode was broadcast March 11, 2010. In April 2010, McPhee made a TV pilot for \"The Pink House\". McPhee played Emily, a down-to-earth Midwestern girl new to Manhattan Beach, Los Angeles. The pilot was shot as a possible pickup for the Fall 2010 season and was produced by Conan O'Brien's production company, with O'Brien as executive producer. Shooting took place April 9, 2010. NBC did not pick up the pilot. On May 4, 2010, a new version of the \"Unbroken\" song \"Terrified\" featuring actor Zachary Levi premiered on \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s website and",
"title": "Katharine McPhee"
},
{
"id": "7712491",
"text": "Star Street: The Adventures of the Star Kids Star Street is a Dutch children's cartoon that was popular both in Benelux and in the United Kingdom. The protagonists were pink big-nosed creatures comically fashioned after horoscopes of the western zodiac and was set on a small star-shaped planet in the outer reaches of the universe. The antagonists were green blobbish creatures known appropriately as \"blobs\" governed by an even larger pink blob creature. The cartoon's premise was somewhat similar to The Smurfs and The Care Bears. Telecable Benelux B.V. is the company that currently owns the rights to the show.",
"title": "Star Street: The Adventures of the Star Kids"
},
{
"id": "7712490",
"text": "Star Street: The Adventures of the Star Kids Star Street is a Dutch children's cartoon that was popular both in Benelux and in the United Kingdom. The protagonists were pink big-nosed creatures comically fashioned after horoscopes of the western zodiac and was set on a small star-shaped planet in the outer reaches of the universe. The antagonists were green blobbish creatures known appropriately as \"blobs\" governed by an even larger pink blob creature. The cartoon's premise was somewhat similar to The Smurfs and The Care Bears. Telecable Benelux B.V. is the company that currently owns the rights to the show.",
"title": "Star Street: The Adventures of the Star Kids"
},
{
"id": "7639852",
"text": "Strand), the season three version of X-23 in \"\", young AndrAIa in \"ReBoot\", Emmy in the PBS children's animated series \"Dragon Tales\" and Isabelle in \"Finley the Fire Engine\". Libman is currently voicing Pinkie Pie and Fluttershy in \"\"; Cylindria in \"Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures\"; and Maya in \"Maya the Bee\". She has found a large following of fans in the bronies, the teenage and adult fans of \"My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic\". She has appeared on camera in films and television shows including \"\", \"Susie Q\", \"The Lotus Eaters\", and \"Lyddie\". She stated on Twitter that although",
"title": "Andrea Libman"
},
{
"id": "7202759",
"text": "sons, Pinky and Panky. While popular, critics complained that there was not enough Pink Panther to maintain interest for a full 30 minutes. A new series of cartoons were created in 1993, simply titled \"The Pink Panther\", produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation, premiered in syndication in 1993, and had the Pink Panther speaking with the voice of Matt Frewer (of \"Max Headroom\" fame). Unlike the original shorts, not all episode titles contained the word \"pink,\" although many instead contained the word \"panther.\" Voice impressionist John Byner returned to voice both the Ant and the Aardvark. In July 2007, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. and",
"title": "Pink Panther (character)"
},
{
"id": "4568119",
"text": "called \"The Year Of Roosevelt Franklin, Gordon's Friend from Sesame Street\", which was reissued in 1974 as \"My Name Is Roosevelt Franklin\". Roosevelt Franklin Roosevelt Franklin was a Muppet featured on the children's television series \"Sesame Street\" during the early 1970s. He is purple with shaggy black hair that stands on end. His name is a word play on the name of the late US President Franklin Roosevelt, but the first and last names are reversed. \"Sesame Street\" cast member Matt Robinson, who also played Gordon on the series for the first three seasons (1969-72), provided Roosevelt Franklin's voice. Franklin",
"title": "Roosevelt Franklin"
},
{
"id": "903019",
"text": "\"Jam & Jerusalem\" (2006–08). Her film appearances include \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\" (1969), \"Trail of the Pink Panther\" (1982), Shirley Valentine (1989), \"James and the Giant Peach\" (1996), \"Ella Enchanted\" (2004), \"Corpse Bride\" (2005), \"The Wolf of Wall Street\" (2013), and \"\" (2016). Lumley is an advocate and human rights activist for Survival International and the Gurkha Justice Campaign. She supports charities and animal welfare groups, such as Compassion in World Farming and Vegetarians' International Voice for Animals. She is also patron of the Farm Animal Sanctuary. She is also known as 'daughter of Nepal' in Nepal Joanna Lamond",
"title": "Joanna Lumley"
},
{
"id": "18082230",
"text": "Bert and Ernie Bert and Ernie are two puppets who appear together in numerous skits on the popular U.S. children's television show \"Sesame Street\". Originated by Frank Oz and Jim Henson, the characters are currently performed by puppeteers Eric Jacobson and Peter Linz and also Ann Chancellor; Oz occasionally performs Bert. Bert and Ernie were built by Don Sahlin from a simple design scribbled by Jim Henson, creator of \"The Muppets.\" Initially, Henson performed Bert and Oz performed Ernie, but after just one day of rehearsal, they switched characters. The original idea was to show that even though two people",
"title": "Bert and Ernie"
},
{
"id": "1772469",
"text": "the many illustrated books starring Grover. She was also occasionally seen in photographs, as a photo puppet, such as on the cover of Volume 4 of \"The Sesame Street Treasury\". Over the course of time, her appearance has fluctuated greatly. Her earliest known appearance as a Muppet is a 1970s sketch in which Grover speaks to the audience about being afraid of the dark. At the end of the sketch, his mom (Frank Oz) enters his room to kiss him goodnight. Another early appearance (circa 1981) involves his mother (Kathryn Mullen) coming into the bathroom while Grover is telling the",
"title": "Grover"
},
{
"id": "1772441",
"text": "and changed him into the worry-wart character that he has been ever since. Telly Monster’s first appearance on \"Sesame Street\", after the “Television Monster” season, was with guest star Itzhak Perlman playing the violin, while Telly played the tuba. Telly is a triangle lover, and he has a pet hamster, Chuckie Sue. He has been known to pogo stick uncontrollably around Sesame Street, often causing havoc with all that gets in his way. This segment is shown on \"Sesame Street Unpaved\". Baby Bear is his best friend and appears occasionally in many of the main plots in the later series.",
"title": "Telly Monster"
},
{
"id": "777721",
"text": "one of the cheeses named by John Cleese in the Monty Python sketch \"The Cheese Shop\", which originally appeared in a 1972 episode of \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\". In addition, the shop owner, played by Michael Palin, was named 'Henry Wensleydale', which caused some confusion between the two when the cheese was mentioned. Cleese later voiced the Wensleydale representative in the \"Cheese Roll Call\" sung by Pinky in the cartoon \"Pinky and the Brain\". In the 1990s, sales of Wensleydale cheese had fallen so low that production in the last dairy in Wensleydale itself was at risk of being suspended.",
"title": "Wensleydale cheese"
},
{
"id": "19403582",
"text": "was attended by cricketers like Kapil Dev, Virender Sehwag and Yuvraj Singh. Shoojit Sircar and Amitabh Bachchan questioned their fans on Twitter as to what they think the film title \"Pink\" is all about. Times of India had opened a contest in which 5 lucky winners got a chance to meet Amitabh Bachchan and other 10 winners got free movie tickets of the movie -Pink. The winners were announced on 15-September-2016. The world television premier was held on 23 – October 2016 on Star Gold and to commemorate the same, Amitabh Bachchan's house Jalsa, Carter Road Promenade and SNDT Women's",
"title": "Pink (2016 film)"
},
{
"id": "3162310",
"text": "episodes. He even used a Brooklyn accent for Reuben (Experiment 625) in \"\". Rob Paulsen Robert Fredrick Paulsen III (born March 11, 1956) is an American voice actor and singer who has done many voice roles in various films, television shows, and video games, including Raphael and Donatello from the 1987 cartoon and 2012 cartoon respectively of \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\"; Yakko Warner, Dr. Otto Scratchansniff, and Pinky from \"Animaniacs\" and \"Pinky and the Brain\"; Carl Wheezer from \"\"; and the title character in \"\". In total, Paulsen has been the voice of over 250 different animated characters and performed",
"title": "Rob Paulsen"
}
] | what is the pink character on sesame street |
|
| [
{
"id": "8236063",
"text": "1994 FIFA World Cup Final The 1994 FIFA World Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California, United States, on 17 July 1994 to determine the winner of the 1994 FIFA World Cup. Brazil beat Italy 3–2 on penalties to claim their fourth World Cup title when the match finished 0–0 after extra time; this meant that Brazil surpassed Italy and Germany as the tournament's most successful nation. It was the first World Cup final to be both scoreless in regular and extra time and to be decided by a penalty shoot-out.",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup Final"
},
{
"id": "1310191",
"text": "prestigious trophy; the Brazilian national team dedicated the title to the deceased Formula One motor racing champion and countryman Ayrton Senna, who had died two and a half months prior. The tournament's Golden Boot went jointly to Bulgaria's Stoichkov and Oleg Salenko of Russia, the latter becoming the first player to score five goals in a game, coming in a 6–1 victory against Cameroon. Both players scored six goals in the tournament. Brazilian striker Romário, with five goals, won the Golden Ball as the tournament's best player. The official mascot of this World Cup was \"Striker, the World Cup Pup\",",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1310174",
"text": "final tournament remains the highest in World Cup history, despite the expansion of the competition from 24 to 32 teams (and from 52 to 64 games), which was first introduced at the 1998 World Cup and is the current format. Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3–2 in a penalty shoot-out at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California near Los Angeles, after the game had ended 0–0 after extra time. It was the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties. The victory made Brazil the first nation to win four World Cup titles. There were four new",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1310187",
"text": "Mexico. Bulgaria then faced the reigning world champions, Germany, in the quarterfinals, where goals from Stoichkov and Yordan Letchkov gave them a 2–1 victory. Bulgaria went on to finish in fourth place after losing to Italy and Sweden, in the semifinals and third-place game, respectively. The United States, relatively new to professional football, advanced to the second round as one of the best third-place teams. They played Brazil on Independence Day and, despite a 1–0 defeat, the United States' performance was considered a great success in their football history. Brazil's win over the hosts helped take them to the final",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1310190",
"text": "time in 24 years that the two nations had met in a final. Despite the strategies implemented by FIFA to promote offensive play, both teams failed to produce a goal. After 120 goalless minutes, the World Cup was decided for the first time by a penalty shoot-out. After four rounds, Brazil led 3–2, and Baggio, playing injured, had to score to keep Italy's hopes alive. He missed by shooting it over the crossbar, and the Brazilians were crowned champions for the fourth time. After the game ended, then-Vice-President Al Gore hosted the awarding ceremony by handing Brazilian captain Dunga the",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1310205",
"text": "he grabbed his side's consolation goal in the game. The result was not enough to take Russia through following heavy defeats at the hands of both Brazil and Sweden. Brazil overcame Cameroon with similar ease before a draw with Sweden confirmed top spot. The Swedes also progressed, finishing in second place with five points. Sweden's 3–1 victory over Russia was the nation's first World Cup victory, in a knockout stage game, since 3 July 1974. Russia failed to progress to the second round for the second time, while Cameroon failed to repeat their surprise performance from the previous tournament. As",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "8236065",
"text": "Brazilian team dedicated their win to the late triple Formula One motor racing world champion Ayrton Senna, who had died in an accident at that year's San Marino Grand Prix in Italy two and a half months before. With Italy finishing as runners-up, Franco Baresi became the sixth player in history to win gold, silver and bronze medals at the FIFA World Cup. In what was, and still is as of 2018, the only World Cup Final ever not to have a goal scored, the game would come to be defined by missed opportunities. Chances were few and far between",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup Final"
},
{
"id": "1310202",
"text": "game between the United States and Switzerland was the first to take place indoors, played under the roof at the Pontiac Silverdome. Following the tournament, Colombian defender Andrés Escobar was shot dead on his return to Colombia, after his own goal had contributed to his country's elimination. Victories against Colombia and the United States (in front of a crowd of 93,869) were enough to see Romania through as group winners, despite a 4–1 hammering by Switzerland in between. The magnitude of that victory allowed Switzerland to move ahead of the United States on goal difference, although the hosts qualified for",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "3121884",
"text": "Romário Romário de Souza Faria (born 29 January 1966), known simply as Romário (), is a Brazilian politician who previously achieved worldwide fame as a professional footballer. A prolific striker renowned for his clinical finishing, he is regarded as one of the greatest players of all time. Romário starred for Brazil in their 1994 FIFA World Cup success, receiving the FIFA Golden Ball as player of the tournament. He was named FIFA World Player of the Year the same year. He came fifth in the FIFA Player of the Century internet poll in 1999, was elected to the FIFA World",
"title": "Romário"
},
{
"id": "1310200",
"text": "Williams. Numbers for placement in the group were drawn by actor Beau Bridges, Women's World Cup champion Michelle Akers, model Carol Alt, artist Peter Max, racecar driver Mario Andretti and Olympic gold medalist in gymnastics Mary Lou Retton. The opening ceremony of the World Cup was held on 17 June at Chicago's Soldier Field. Numerous dignitaries attended, including United States President Bill Clinton, Chancellor of Germany Helmut Kohl and President of Bolivia Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada. The ceremony was emceed by Oprah Winfrey, who fell off the dais in introducing Diana Ross, who gave a musical performance. Ross was also",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "8013729",
"text": "Ronaldo Rodrigues de Jesus Ronaldo Rodrigues de Jesus (born 19 June 1965 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian former footballer, better known on the football pitch as Ronaldo, or Ronaldão (\"big Ronaldo\"), to differentiate him from his younger compatriot and teammate, also dubbed Ronaldo, who was initially nicknamed Ronaldinho (\"little Ronaldo\"), a nickname later adopted by footballer Ronaldinho Gaúcho. A former defender, Ronaldão played 14 matches in the \"Seleção\" (Brazil national football team) between 1991–1995, scored two goals, and won the 1994 FIFA World Cup with the Brazilian national side, although he did not take part in any games.",
"title": "Ronaldo Rodrigues de Jesus"
},
{
"id": "5832760",
"text": "played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The winner advanced to the CONCACAF–OFC intercontinental play-off. Australia won the tie and advanced. 38 were initially involved in UEFA qualifying, but Liechtenstein withdrew and Yugoslavia were suspended. The thirty-six teams were divided into six groups: one group of five teams, four groups of six teams each, and one group of seven teams. The teams played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winners and runners-up qualified. Italy, Switzerland, Norway, Netherlands, Spain, Ireland, Romania, Belgium, Greece, Russia, Sweden, and Bulgaria all qualified. For the first time, there were two rounds",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification"
},
{
"id": "5832761",
"text": "of play in the inter-confederation play-offs. The teams from CONCACAF and OFC first played each other on a home-and-away basis. The winner then played against the team from CONMEBOL on a home-and-away basis. The winner qualified. 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification The 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification was a series of tournaments organised by the six FIFA confederations. The 1994 FIFA World Cup featured 24 teams with one place reserved for the host nation, United States, and one place for the defending champions, Germany. The remaining 22 places were determined by a qualification process, in which 147 teams, from the",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification"
},
{
"id": "1310216",
"text": "group games, did not leave without a fight, as each of their losses were by just a single goal, 1–0 to Belgium, 2–1 to Saudi Arabia, and 2–1 to the Netherlands. Hristo Stoichkov and Oleg Salenko received the Golden Boot for scoring six goals. In total, 141 goals were scored by 81 players, with only one of them credited as an own goal. The All-star team is a squad consisting of the eleven most impressive players at the 1994 World Cup, as selected by FIFA's Technical Study Group. After the tournament, FIFA published a ranking of all teams that competed",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1310189",
"text": "extra time. He scored again with a penalty kick to send Italy through. Baggio carried the Italians from there, scoring the game-winning goal in the quarterfinal against Spain, and both goals in Italy's semifinal victory over Bulgaria. The third-place playoff was set between Bulgaria and Sweden, the team which scored more goals than any other in this World Cup. These teams had also previously met in the qualifying group. Sweden won, 4–0. Swedish forward Tomas Brolin was named to the All-star team. The final game at the Rose Bowl was tense, but devoid of scoring chances. It was the second",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1310173",
"text": "1994 FIFA World Cup The 1994 FIFA World Cup was the 15th FIFA World Cup, held in nine cities across the United States from 17 June to 17 July 1994. The United States was chosen as the host by FIFA on 4 July 1988. Despite the host nation's lack of football tradition, the tournament was the most financially successful in World Cup history; aided by the high-capacity stadia in the United States, it broke the World Cup average attendance record with nearly 69,000 spectators per game, a mark that still stands. The total attendance of nearly 3.6 million for the",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "17026608",
"text": "by the Brazilians for his braveness. FIFA considered this Brazil - Netherlands to be a classic match. Brazil won the semi-final against Sweden by 1-0, after Jonas Thern had been sent off with a red card Romário scored the only goal of the game in the 80th minute. Brazil and Italy played the final of the 1994 FIFA World Cup. This time, not even Romário could help Brazil win. For the first time in the History of World Cups, a final ends in 0-0, and must be decided in penalty kicks. This happened because both Brazil and Italy had a",
"title": "South American nations at the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1310181",
"text": "The vote was held in Zurich on 4 July 1988, and only took one round with the United States bid receiving a little over half of the votes by the Exco members. FIFA hoped that by staging the world's most prestigious tournament there, it would lead to a growth of interest in the sport. One condition FIFA imposed was the creation of a professional football league – Major League Soccer was founded in 1993 and began operating in 1996. There was some initial controversy about awarding the World Cup to a country where football was not a nationally popular sport,",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1310207",
"text": "decided that it would be Germany who won the group and not them. Germany, who defeated Bolivia 1–0 in the tournament's opening game, finished with seven points. Spain had to settle for second place despite leading in all three games. Despite Bolivia finishing last in the group, Erwin Sanchez made team history after scoring the nation's first World Cup goal in a 3-1 loss to Spain. Prior to 1994, Bolivia had never scored in either of their previous appearances at the 1930 and 1950 World Cups. Tournament favorites Argentina led by Diego Maradona collected a maximum of six points from",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "4567873",
"text": "Dunga Carlos Caetano Bledorn Verri (born 31 October 1963 in Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul), commonly known as Dunga (), is a Brazilian football manager and former professional footballer of Italian descent, who played as a defensive midfielder. Under his captaincy, Brazil won the 1994 FIFA World Cup and he lifted the World Cup trophy. Along with Xavi, he is one of only two men to have played in a World Cup, Olympic Games, Confederations Cup and continental championship final. He was head coach of Brazil twice. In his first spell from 2006 to 2010, he led them to victory",
"title": "Dunga"
},
{
"id": "8236071",
"text": "to score to keep their dreams alive, talisman Baggio stepped up to take the penalty. In what would become an infamous moment in World Cup History, Baggio blazed his penalty over the bar, in similar fashion to Baresi, and this gave Brazil their fourth title. <section begin=Final /><section end=Final /> <section begin=Lineups /> </includeonly><section end=Lineups /> Match Rules U.S. Vice President Al Gore, UEFA president Lennart Johansson, and FIFA president João Havelange were among those present at the stands during the awards ceremony. Vice President Gore handed the trophy to Brazilian captain Dunga. 1994 FIFA World Cup Final The 1994",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup Final"
},
{
"id": "8236064",
"text": "Silver Ball winner Roberto Baggio missed the decisive penalty. Brazil had previously beaten Italy in the 1970 final, marking the 1994 final as the second time that the same teams had met in two different World Cup finals, after Argentina and Germany met in 1986 and 1990. Played at 12:30 local time, this was the most recent World Cup final to be played in a broad daylight. FIFA awarded the final match of the tournament to this famous college sports stadium near Los Angeles on 30 June 1992; the Rose Bowl was the largest stadium used for this tournament. The",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup Final"
},
{
"id": "5832751",
"text": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification The 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification was a series of tournaments organised by the six FIFA confederations. The 1994 FIFA World Cup featured 24 teams with one place reserved for the host nation, United States, and one place for the defending champions, Germany. The remaining 22 places were determined by a qualification process, in which 147 teams, from the six FIFA confederations, competed. Most of the successful teams were determined within these confederations, with a limited number of inter-confederation play-offs occurring at the end of the process. Thirteen teams withdrew: Liechtenstein, Cuba, Gambia, Burkina Faso,",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification"
},
{
"id": "4721544",
"text": "Aldair Aldair Nascimento dos Santos, known simply as Aldair (; born 30 November 1965), is a retired Brazilian footballer who played as a defender, and who was part of the Brazil national team that won the 1994 FIFA World Cup. He spent most of his professional career at Italian club A.S. Roma, where he later also served as captain, winning the Serie A title with the club in 2001. He is one of the members to have been inducted into the A.S. Roma Hall of Fame. Aldair started playing at Flamengo where he won the most important title in Brazil,",
"title": "Aldair"
},
{
"id": "1310175",
"text": "entrants in the tournament: Greece, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, as well as two countries that were formed at the end of the Cold War: Russia, following the breakup of the Soviet Union, and for the first time since 1938, a newly reunified Germany took part in the tournament, following Germany reunification in October 1990, a few months after West Germany's victory in the 1990 World Cup. Three teams, one African, one Asian, and one European, made their debuts at the 1994 tournament. Nigeria qualified from the African zone alongside Cameroon and Morocco as CAF was granted three spots as a result",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "8013730",
"text": "He was also successful for his club sides, winning numerous trophies. Ronaldo Rodrigues de Jesus Ronaldo Rodrigues de Jesus (born 19 June 1965 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian former footballer, better known on the football pitch as Ronaldo, or Ronaldão (\"big Ronaldo\"), to differentiate him from his younger compatriot and teammate, also dubbed Ronaldo, who was initially nicknamed Ronaldinho (\"little Ronaldo\"), a nickname later adopted by footballer Ronaldinho Gaúcho. A former defender, Ronaldão played 14 matches in the \"Seleção\" (Brazil national football team) between 1991–1995, scored two goals, and won the 1994 FIFA World Cup with the Brazilian",
"title": "Ronaldo Rodrigues de Jesus"
},
{
"id": "3177419",
"text": "Mário Zagallo Mário Jorge Lobo Zagallo (; born 9 August 1931) is a Brazilian former football player and manager, who played as a forward. He was the first person to win the FIFA World Cup as both a manager and as a player, winning the competition in 1958 and 1962 as a player, in 1970 as manager and in 1994 as assistant manager. In 1992 Zagallo received the FIFA Order of Merit, the highest honour awarded by FIFA, for his contributions to football. Zagallo started his football career with América in 1948, and he later played for Flamengo and Botafogo.",
"title": "Mário Zagallo"
},
{
"id": "1310215",
"text": "player Saaed Al-Owairian ran from his own half through a maze of Belgian players to score the game's only goal. Saudi Arabia advanced through to the Round of 16 as well, having also defeated Morocco 2–1. The Netherlands endured a somewhat nervier experience. The opening 2–1 victory against Saudi Arabia was followed by the 1–0 loss against Belgium before another 2–1 victory against Morocco, with Bryan Roy scoring the winner a mere 12 minutes from time, saw the Dutch win the group because of having scored more goals against Belgium and Saudi Arabia. Morocco, despite losing all three of their",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "7571011",
"text": "made their first appearance in the tournament, reaching the quarter-finals without winning a single game (four draws, with a penalty shoot-out win over Romania in the second round). This is the furthest a team has ever advanced in the World Cup without winning a game. The 1994 World Cup, held in the United States, saw the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties, with Brazil edging out Italy. FR Yugoslavia was excluded due to UN sanctions in connection with the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Colombia qualified unexpectedly defeating Argentina 5-0. Japan narrowly missed a ticket to the World Cup",
"title": "History of the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1310211",
"text": "the then-three-time champions Italy by 1–0, as well as gaining a measure of revenge for the previous World Cup, in which Italy both hosted and eliminated Ireland at quarterfinals. The next day in Washington, Norway played its first World Cup game since 1938 and Kjetil Rekdal's goal five minutes from time proved decisive in an equally tense encounter as Norway beat Mexico. In the second round of group play, the tropical weather of Orlando played a key factor for Mexico in their next game against Ireland. The match was held in record-breaking heat and humidity, temperatures in which the Mexicans",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "2370344",
"text": "became part of The Best FIFA Football Awards. During the men's era, Brazilian players won 8 out of 19 years, compared to three wins – the second most – for French players. In terms of individual players, Brazil again led with five, followed by Italy and Portugal with two each. The youngest winner was Ronaldo, who won at 20 years old in 1996, and the oldest winner was Fabio Cannavaro, who won aged 33 in 2006. Ronaldo and Zinedine Zidane each won the award three times, while Ronaldo and Ronaldinho were the only players to win in successive years. From",
"title": "FIFA World Player of the Year"
},
{
"id": "20377260",
"text": "played between 31 July – 17 November 1993. <section begin=playoff1 /> <section end=playoff1 /> 3–3 on aggregate. Australia won 4–1 on penalties and advanced to the play-off against the CONMEBOL team. <section begin=playoff2 /> <section end=playoff2 /> Argentina won 2–1 on aggregate and qualified for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. There were 9 goals scored in 4 matches, for an average of 2.25 goals per match. 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (inter-confederation play-offs) For the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification, there were two inter-confederation play-offs to determine the final qualification spot to the 1994 FIFA World Cup. The matches were",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (inter-confederation play-offs)"
},
{
"id": "1310217",
"text": "in the 1994 World Cup finals based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition. The sponsors of the 1994 FIFA World Cup are divided into two categories: FIFA World Cup Sponsors and USA Supporters. The official game ball was the Adidas Questra. 1994 FIFA World Cup The 1994 FIFA World Cup was the 15th FIFA World Cup, held in nine cities across the United States from 17 June to 17 July 1994. The United States was chosen as the host by FIFA on 4 July 1988. Despite the host nation's lack of football tradition, the",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "15556474",
"text": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF–OFC play-off) The 1994 FIFA World Cup CONCACAF–OFC qualification play-off was a two-legged home-and-away tie between the winners of the Oceania qualifying tournament, Australia, and the second-placed team from the CONCACAF qualifying tournament, Canada. The games were played on 31 July and 15 August 1993 in Edmonton and Sydney respectively. Australia was hoping to play in the FIFA World Cup for the first time since 1974 and Canada for the first time since 1986. The winner, Australia, played the South American Group 1 runner-up, Argentina. Australia went on to meet Argentina in the deciding play-off.",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF–OFC play-off)"
},
{
"id": "1320984",
"text": "Brazil national football team The Brazil national football team () represents Brazil in international men's association football. Brazil is administered by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF), the governing body for football in Brazil. They have been a member of FIFA since 1923 and member of CONMEBOL since 1916. Brazil is the most successful national team in the FIFA World Cup, the main football international competition, being crowned winner five times: 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994 and 2002. Brazil also has the best overall performance in the World Cup, both in proportional and absolute terms, with a record of 73 victories in",
"title": "Brazil national football team"
},
{
"id": "8207397",
"text": "during his spell in the Austrian Football Bundesliga with Rapid Wien, helping them finish second in his first year. He retired in June 2002 at the age of 31, and was named Dutch Football Talent of the Year in 1991. Taument earned 15 caps for the Netherlands, scoring twice. He was a member of the squad at the 1994 FIFA World Cup – where he scored the winning goal in their first game against Saudi Arabia (2–1)– and at UEFA Euro 1996. Taument made his international debut on 12 February 1992, in a friendly with Portugal played in the \"Estádio",
"title": "Gaston Taument"
},
{
"id": "18181128",
"text": "numerous chances to score, but Claudio Caniggia eventually found Brazil's net after a brilliant Diego Maradona assist, thereby eliminating Brazil. Brazil, to the surprise of many, went 24 years without winning a World Cup or even participating in a final. This included 16 years without even making the round of eight, with their best result being third place in 1978. Their struggles ended at the 1994 tournament in the United States, where a solid, if unspectacular, side headed by Romário, Bebeto, Dunga, Taffarel and Jorginho, won the World Cup for a then-record fourth time. Playing all but two of their",
"title": "History of the Brazil national football team"
},
{
"id": "5374156",
"text": "Saeed Al-Owairan Saeed Al-Owairan (also spelt \"Owairan\"; ; born 19 August 1967) is a Saudi Arabian former international footballer who played as a midfielder or forward. He scored a famous goal in 1994 FIFA World Cup against Belgium, which is considered to be one of the greatest World Cup goals of all time. Owairan spent his entire club career at Al-Shabab, a Saudi club based in Riyadh. He won 75 caps for the Saudi national team, scoring 24 goals, including 7 goals in 1994 World Cup qualifying. He achieved international renown at the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United",
"title": "Saeed Al-Owairan"
},
{
"id": "8643456",
"text": "Alan Rothenberg Alan I. Rothenberg (born April 10, 1939) is an American lawyer and sports executive. He is known for his contributions to and influence on the growth of soccer in the United States. He is the namesake of the Alan I. Rothenberg Trophy, which was awarded annually to the winner of the MLS Cup from 1996 to 1999. Rothenberg was president of U.S. Soccer, the governing body of American soccer, during the 1990s and oversaw the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States and the establishment of Major League Soccer in 1996. Rothenberg earned the FIFA Order of",
"title": "Alan Rothenberg"
},
{
"id": "1310210",
"text": "and a 2-0 win against Argentina saw them advance. Argentina had actually been winning the group going into injury time, while Bulgaria played the last 25 minutes with 10 men; however, a 91st-minute header from Nasko Sirakov meant that Argentina dropped two places and finished third. Nigeria won the group on goal difference. Bulgaria's victory over Argentina earned them second place. Group E remains the only group in World Cup history in which all four teams finished with the same points and same goal difference. It began at Giants Stadium where Ray Houghton's chip ensured a shock Irish victory over",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "2942349",
"text": "of the 1994 World Cup under Bora Milutinović, the U.S. opened its tournament schedule with a 1–1 tie against Switzerland in the Pontiac Silverdome in the suburbs of Detroit, the first World Cup game played indoors. In its second game, the U.S. faced Colombia, then ranked fourth in the world, at the Rose Bowl. Aided by an own goal from Andrés Escobar, the U.S. won 2–1. Escobar was later murdered in his home country, possibly in retaliation for this mistake. Despite a 1–0 loss to Romania in its final group game, the U.S. made it past the initial round for",
"title": "United States men's national soccer team"
},
{
"id": "1310203",
"text": "the second round as one of the best third-placed teams. Switzerland's 4–1 victory over Romania came nearly 40 years to the date of Switzerland's last World Cup victory, also a 4–1 victory, on that occasion over Italy. The United States' 2–1 victory over Colombia was its first World Cup victory since 29 June 1950 when it upset England 1–0 in the 1950 World Cup. Group B produced two of the four semifinalists of this World Cup, and was also one of the two groups in which two, rather than three, sides would progress to the second round. Brazil and Sweden",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "145479",
"text": "two gold medals at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics and their two World Cup titles in 1930 and 1950). With five titles, Brazil are the most successful World Cup team and also the only nation to have played in every World Cup (21) to date. Brazil were also the first team to win the World Cup for the third (1970), fourth (1994) and fifth (2002) time. Italy (1934 and 1938) and Brazil (1958 and 1962) are the only nations to have won consecutive titles. West Germany (1982–1990) and Brazil (1994–2002) are the only nations to appear in three consecutive",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1310199",
"text": "and on the qualified teams' results in the three previous World Cups. The teams' pre-tournament rankings are shown in parenthesis. The principle of the draw was that each group must have at least two European teams, USA and Mexico could not be drawn in the same group, and Brazil and Argentina could not be drawn with another South American team. The draw for the tournament took place at the Las Vegas Convention Center on 19 December 1993, officiated by general-secretary Sepp Blatter. Teams were drawn by German legend Franz Beckenbauer, heavyweight boxing champion Evander Holyfield and comedian and actor Robin",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "14628990",
"text": "two placed teams from each of the six groups, plus the four best-placed third teams, qualified for the knockout stage. The third-placed teams which advanced will be placed with the winners of groups A, B, C and D according to a table published in Section 28 of the tournament regulations. </onlyinclude> 1994 FIFA World Cup knockout stage The 1994 FIFA World Cup knockout stage was the second and final stage of the 1994 FIFA World Cup finals in the United States. The stage began on 2 July 1994 and ended with the final at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup knockout stage"
},
{
"id": "1310184",
"text": "the knockout phase: the six group winners, the six group runners-up, and the four third-placed teams with the best records. This was the last time this format was used, due to the expansion of the finals tournament in 1998 to 32 teams. This World Cup was the first in which three points were awarded for a win instead of two. FIFA instituted this feature to encourage attacking football after the defensive display of many teams at Italia '90. The tournament saw the end of Diego Maradona's World Cup career, having played in the 1982, 1986, and 1990 World Cups, and",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1302704",
"text": "as had occurred on live television with Senna. In July 1994, the Brazil national football team dedicated their World Cup victory to Senna, and collectively held a banner on the field after defeating Italy in the final. Senna had met various members of the squad, including Ronaldo and Leonardo, three months earlier in Paris, telling them \"this is our year\". Throughout the rest of the 1994 season, Senna was commemorated in various ways. Damon Hill, along with Michael Schumacher, dedicated their individual success to Senna with Hill's victory in the Spanish Grand Prix and Schumacher's world-championship victory in the Australian",
"title": "Ayrton Senna"
},
{
"id": "7155974",
"text": "corruption scandal. 18 members of the Zambia national team die in a plane crash. Manchester United win the first FA Premier League title. Brian Clough retires from his coaching role in Nottingham Forest after 18 years as coach. The 1994 World Cup held in the United States was the first to be decided on penalties, with Brazil edging out Italy in the final at the Rose Bowl to claim their fourth title. Russia's Oleg Salenko becomes the first player and only to this day to score five goals in a single World Cup game in his country's 6–1 win over",
"title": "Timeline of association football"
},
{
"id": "1310204",
"text": "proved to be far stronger than Cameroon and Russia in every department. The game between the latter two broke two World Cup records. Oleg Salenko of Russia became the first – and remains the only – man to score five goals in a single World Cup game as Russia ran out 6–1 winners against their African opponents. The goals also ensured that Salenko finished the tournament joint-top scorer with six goals, having previously bagged one against Sweden. Cameroon left a mark too as Roger Milla, at the age of 42, became the oldest World Cup goalscorer of all time as",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "14628988",
"text": "1994 FIFA World Cup knockout stage The 1994 FIFA World Cup knockout stage was the second and final stage of the 1994 FIFA World Cup finals in the United States. The stage began on 2 July 1994 and ended with the final at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California on 17 July 1994. The top two teams from each of the six groups, as well as the best four third-placed teams, qualified for the knockout stage. In the round of 16, the four third-placed teams played against four of the group winners, with the remaining two group winners taking on",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup knockout stage"
},
{
"id": "145486",
"text": "France's Didier Deschamps are the only people to date to win the World Cup as both player and head coach. Zagallo won in 1958 and 1962 as a player and in 1970 as head coach. Beckenbauer won in 1974 as captain and in 1990 as head coach, and Deschamps repeated the feat in 2018, after having won in 1998 as captain. Italy's Vittorio Pozzo is the only head coach to ever win two World Cups (1934 and 1938). All World Cup-winning head coaches were natives of the country they coached to victory. Among the national teams, Germany and Brazil have",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "12840170",
"text": "1994 FIFA World Cup Group E Group E of the 1994 FIFA World Cup was one of six groups of four teams competing at the 1994 World Cup in the United States. The first match was played 18 June 1994 and the final games took place simultaneously on 28 June 1994. The group consisted of Italy, Republic of Ireland, Mexico, and Norway. Mexico won the group, Republic of Ireland finished second on head-to-head with third-placed Italy, who qualified as one of the best third-placed teams. It is the only group in World Cup history in which all four teams finished",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup Group E"
},
{
"id": "9096213",
"text": "shot by Lozano gave Colombia a 2-0 victory over Switzerland. However, news that Romania had won against the US meant Colombia was out and going home. Six days later, on July 2, Escobar was shot to death outside a bar in a Medellín suburb. According to Escobar's girlfriend, the killer shouted \"\"¡Gooooooooooooool!\"\" (mimicking South American sporting commentators for their calls after a goal is scored) for each of the 12 bullets fired. The murder was widely believed to be a punishment for the own goal scored in the game against the United States. Group A - Final Standings Colombia at",
"title": "Colombia at the 1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "8392397",
"text": "FA Cup winning sides) had collected an FA Cup winner's medal. However, his teammate Bryan Robson was not included in the squad for the final and missed out on the chance of collecting his fourth winner's medal. Hughes won a fourth FA Cup winner's medal three years later with Chelsea. \"Home teams listed first. \" 1994 FA Cup Final The 1994 FA Cup Final was the 49th FA Cup final to be held since the Second World War and was contested between Manchester United and Chelsea. United went into the final as Premier League champions, having won the title by",
"title": "1994 FA Cup Final"
},
{
"id": "4177518",
"text": "5–4 and qualify for the quarter-finals. Ireland were defeated 1–0 by the host nation Italy in a closely fought match. Houghton was selected in the Irish squad for the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States and was once again the goalscoring hero in a shock victory. In the 11th minute of the group E match at Giants Stadium, New York City/New Jersey on 18 June Houghton hit a looping shot into the net to defeat Italy, gaining revenge for the defeat Ireland had suffered at the hands of the Italians four years earlier. Ireland were knocked out of",
"title": "Ray Houghton"
},
{
"id": "3271784",
"text": "1994 FIFA World Cup squads Below are the squads for the 1994 FIFA World Cup final tournament in the United States. Greece, Italy, Saudi Arabia and Spain were the only countries who had all their players selected from domestic clubs, while the Republic of Ireland and Nigeria had no players from domestic clubs. Saudi Arabia were the only team with no players from European clubs. The players' age, caps and clubs are as of 16 June 1994 (the tournament started on 17 June). Head coach: Francisco Maturana Head coach: Anghel Iordănescu Head coach: Roy Hodgson Head coach: Bora Milutinović Note:",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup squads"
},
{
"id": "1310198",
"text": "circulation, so temperatures inside the stadium would climb past with 40% humidity. United States midfielder Thomas Dooley described the Silverdome as \"the worst place I have ever played at\". Teams were selected as usual following FIFA rules with 22 players. Greece, Italy, Saudi Arabia and Spain were the only countries who had all their players coming from domestic teams, while the Republic of Ireland and Nigeria had no players from domestic teams. Saudi Arabia was the only team with no players from European teams. The composition of the four pots was based on the FIFA World Ranking (established in 1993)",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1321001",
"text": "or even participating in a final. Their struggles ended at the 1994 tournament in the United States, where a solid side headed by Romário and Bebeto in attack, captain Dunga in midfield, goalkeeper Cláudio Taffarel and defender Jorginho, won the World Cup for a then-record fourth time. Highlights of their campaign included a 1–0 victory over the United States in the round of 16 at Stanford University, a 3–2 win over the Netherlands in the quarter-finals in Dallas, and a 1–0 victory over Sweden in the semi-finals at Pasadena's Rose Bowl. This set up Brazil–Italy in the final in Pasadena.",
"title": "Brazil national football team"
},
{
"id": "5832752",
"text": "Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Uganda, Myanmar and Western Samoa, and three team were excluded: Yugoslavia and Libya due to UN sanctions and Chile for unsporting conduct during 1990 qualification. A total of 130 teams played at least one qualifying match. A total of 497 qualifying matches were played, and 1446 goals were scored (an average of 2.91 per match). The first qualification match, between Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, was played on 21 March 1992, and the Puerto Rican forward Marcos Lugris scored the first goal in qualification. Qualification ended on 17 November 1993,",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification"
},
{
"id": "1310214",
"text": "on goals scored, with three in the group. With Ireland and Italy also progressing having finished with identical records, Ireland finished ahead of Italy because of Ireland's victory over Italy. Norway's shortcomings in attack ultimately let them down, and they exited the tournament with only one goal. Just as happened to Argentina in Group D, Belgium endured the same fate in Group F. Despite winning both of its first two matches 1–0 against Morocco and neighbors Netherlands, Belgium finished third as, in an upset, it lost to tournament newcomers Saudi Arabia 1–0 in the third game. During that game, Saudi",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1310213",
"text": "Gianluca Pagliuca was sent off with the game still at 0–0. Yet despite this, Italy was still able to salvage an important 1–0 victory. Norway would ultimately pay a price for their inability to take advantage of Pagliuca's dismissal. With the four teams level on points, the final two group games would each have to finish as draws for things to stay that way. Republic of Ireland made it through after a dreary 0–0 draw with Norway; midfielders Massaro and Bernal traded strikes as Italy and Mexico played to a 1–1 draw. Those results meant that Mexico won the group",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "2798127",
"text": "between Brazil and Ghana was also held at the SFS, Brazil winning 2-1. The 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifier between Australia and Argentina featuring Argentine association football legend Diego Maradona, finishing in a 1-1 draw with goals to Aurelio Vidmar for Australia and Abel Balbo for Argentina. Despite the grounds increase in capacity since 1993, this match retains the record sporting attendance at the SFS and many more were actually in attendance as the gates were thrown open close to kick-off as a safety measure. It was used as the venue for the 2000 Summer Olympics Women's association football gold",
"title": "Sydney Football Stadium"
},
{
"id": "1556304",
"text": "the \"goal heard around the world\" scored by Paul Caligiuri against Trinidad and Tobago, which started the modern era of soccer in the United States. The 1990 men's national team was quickly disposed of at the World Cup, but nonetheless had qualified for its first World Cup in 40 years. The United States hosted the 1994 World Cup, setting total and average attendance records that still stand, including drawing 94,194 fans to the final. The United States made a surprising run to the second round with a shocking victory over Colombia which saw Andrés Escobar, the player responsible for the",
"title": "United States Soccer Federation"
},
{
"id": "2016613",
"text": "hosts, beating the bids of Canada and the United States, and thereby became the first nation to host two World Cups. This second World Cup in Mexico came 16 years after the first one in 1970. The United States won the right to host the 1994 FIFA World Cup, defeating bids from Brazil and Morocco. The vote was held in Zurich on 4 July 1988, and only took one round with the United States bid receiving a little over half of the votes by the Exco members. FIFA hoped that by staging the world's most prestigious football tournament there, it",
"title": "CONCACAF"
},
{
"id": "7571023",
"text": "instituted a policy to award three points for a win in the 1994 World Cup. Although goals for was already a tiebreaker, FIFA hoped to create an additional incentive for teams to pursue victory. The first team affected by the rule was Paraguay in 1998, which would have won its group on goal differential over Nigeria under prior FIFA rules. Paraguay advanced to the knockout phase as group runner-up and was defeated by host nation and eventual champion France in the round of 16. It is not possible under the new point system to be eliminated from the group stage",
"title": "History of the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "15676132",
"text": "Women's World Cup Final. The Algarve Cup was followed by wins over Trinidad & Tobago and Canada. The U.S. team then competed in the inaugural USA Women's Cup, pitting the U.S. against Germany, China, and Norway, their biggest rival at the time. They won all three matches, including a 4-1 win over Norway, to take the USA Women's Cup 1994. The 1994 CONCACAF Women's Championship in August determined the CONCACAF's two qualifiers for the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup. The team easily won the tournament to qualify for their second World Cup. The women's national team spent the first part",
"title": "History of soccer in the United States"
},
{
"id": "14673650",
"text": "but the dominant Italian side eventually built up a 3-0 lead and won by 3-1 in the end, securing their third World Cup trophy. The 1994 final was the first ever to be decided on penalties after goalless 120 minutes. Italian captain Franco Baresi missed the very first penalty, and Roberto Baggio the decisive last one. Italy became the first team to lose two World Cup finals against the same opponent. Italian defender Marco Materazzi was involved in all three outstanding moments of the first 120 minutes: He conceded the penalty that was converted by Zinedine Zidane early in the",
"title": "Italy at the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "7570991",
"text": "victory over Switzerland). West Germany were the tournament winners, defeating Olympic champions Hungary 3–2 in the final, overturning a 2–0 deficit in the process, with Helmut Rahn scoring the winner. The match is known as the Miracle of Bern in Germany. Brazil won the 1958 World Cup, held in Sweden, and became the first team to win a World Cup outside their home continent (only 4 teams have done this to date – Brazil in 1958, 1970, 1994 and 2002, Argentina in 1986, Spain in 2010 and Germany in 2014). The Soviet Union participated this time, most likely due to",
"title": "History of the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "8820174",
"text": "to qualify for the World Cup, matches were played over 50 overs a side, though white clothing and red balls were still used. The United Arab Emirates won the tournament, defeating host nation Kenya in the final, while the Netherlands won the third place play-off. All three sides thus qualified for the World Cup for the first time. Twenty teams contested the tournament. All twenty-two associate members of the International Cricket Council (ICC) at the time were eligible to compete at the tournament, with Belgium and Japan the only ones not to send a team. Ireland, Namibia, and the United",
"title": "1994 ICC Trophy"
},
{
"id": "1310192",
"text": "a dog wearing a red, white and blue football uniform with a ball. Striker was designed by the Warner Bros. animation team. A dog was picked as the mascot because dogs are a common pet in the United States. The games were played in nine cities across the country. All stadiums had a capacity of at least 53,000, and their usual tenants were professional or college American football teams. The venue used most was the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, with eight games, among them one round of 16 match, a semi-final, the third-place game, and the final. Giants Stadium near",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "14147231",
"text": "of the group was the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland being in the same group. The Republic would clinch qualification in the final round of games by drawing away to their northern rivals, while Spain's 1–0 win over Denmark meant they qualified as winners. Spain qualified with the best record among the group winners. In one of the closest qualifying groups, just one point separated the top three sides. The Republic of Ireland qualified at Denmark's expense only on goals scored, as their points and goal difference were identical. ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 1994 FIFA World",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA – Group 3)"
},
{
"id": "11156082",
"text": "Danish kroner. It was built on the site of the national team's previous home, Idrætsparken. A crowd of 33,765 witnessed a tactical match. Parma’s Tomas Brolin hit the post early on but, in the 20th minute, Lorenzo Minotti miss-hit an overhead clearance and Alan Smith capitalized, beating Luca Bucci with a left-footed volley. Arsenal then invited pressure from Parma but, by controlling Gianfranco Zola and Faustino Asprilla, defended their lead and became the fourth London club to win the trophy. The final was noted for Arsenal fans singing \"one nil to the Arsenal\" throughout the match. Arsenal were without their",
"title": "1994 European Cup Winners' Cup Final"
},
{
"id": "145481",
"text": "Senegal in 2002 and Ghana in 2010. Only one Oceanian qualifier, Australia in 2006, has advanced to the second round. Brazil, Argentina, Spain and Germany are the only teams to win a World Cup outside their continental confederation; Brazil came out victorious in Europe (1958), North America (1970 and 1994) and Asia (2002). Argentina won a World Cup in North America in 1986, while Spain won in Africa in 2010. In 2014, Germany became the first European team to win in the Americas. Only on five occasions have consecutive World Cups been won by teams from the same continent, and",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "4017422",
"text": "Leonardo Araújo Leonardo Nascimento de Araújo (born 5 September 1969), known as Leonardo, is a Brazilian former footballer who is currently sporting director of A.C. Milan. He has also worked as a manager. A versatile player, he played in several positions throughout his career, including as an attacking midfielder, left winger, and left-back. He played for teams in Brazil, Spain, Japan, France and Italy, winning titles with Flamengo, São Paulo, Kashima Antlers and Milan. A former Brazil international, he played in the 1994 World Cup winning side, as well as the team that finished runners-up in the 1998 edition of",
"title": "Leonardo Araújo"
},
{
"id": "9096212",
"text": "minute, Tab Ramos fired a shot through Colombia’s defense, and Earnie Stewart was there to tap it in past Oscar Cordoba for the 2-0 lead. Even though Adolfo Valencia scored a late goal for Colombia, the U.S. claimed their victory. With two defeats in their opening matches, Colombia's only hope to reach the 2nd Round was to defeat Switzerland and hope Romania would lose against the US in order to end in third place due to goal differences. Due to the format of the 1994 World Cup, the four best third-place finishers would advance. A header by Gavaria and a",
"title": "Colombia at the 1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "2997964",
"text": "in any games of the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification, but he was called up for the World Cup. Escobar's own goal occurred in a match against the United States on June 22, in the second match for Colombia at the 1994 World Cup. Stretching to block a cross from American midfielder John Harkes, he inadvertently deflected the ball into his own net. The United States won the game, 2–1. After the 1994 FIFA World Cup, Escobar decided to return to Colombia instead of visiting relatives in Las Vegas, Nevada. On the evening of July 1, 1994, five days after",
"title": "Andrés Escobar"
},
{
"id": "1302709",
"text": "by several devoted Italian and Canadian fans of Senna, bringing the Brazil team that won the 1994 World Cup to face the \"Nazionale Piloti\", an exhibition team composed exclusively of top race car drivers. Senna had been a part of the latter in 1985. Michael Schumacher, Jarno Trulli, Rubens Barrichello, Fernando Alonso, and many others faced the likes of Dunga, Careca, Taffarel, and several of the team that won the FIFA World Cup in the United States 10 years earlier. The match finished 5–5 and the money was donated to the IAS. Viviane Senna, the president of the IAS, was",
"title": "Ayrton Senna"
},
{
"id": "6605522",
"text": "Arrigo Sacchi Arrigo Sacchi (; born 1 April 1946) is an Italian former football coach. He was twice manager of Milan (1987–1991, 1996–1997), with great success. He won the Serie A title in his 1987–88 debut season and then dominated European football by winning back to back European Cups in 1989 and 1990. From 1991 to 1996, he was head coach of the Italy national team and led them to the 1994 FIFA World Cup final, only to lose to Brazil in a penalty shoot-out. Sacchi is regarded as one of the greatest managers of all-time and his Milan side",
"title": "Arrigo Sacchi"
},
{
"id": "140001",
"text": "World Player of the Year; the latter title was also awarded to the men's player prior to its 2010 merger with \"France Football\"s Ballon d'Or. At the Ballon d'Or banquet, the FIFA Puskás Award, FIFA/FIFPro Best XI, FIFA Fair Play Award, and FIFA Presidential Award are also awarded. In 1994 FIFA published the FIFA World Cup All-Time Team. In 2000 FIFA published the results of an Internet poll, declaring Real Madrid to be the FIFA Club of the Century. In 2002 FIFA announced the FIFA Dream Team, an all-time all-star team chosen by fans in a poll. As part of",
"title": "FIFA"
},
{
"id": "1310183",
"text": "the smaller venues of Europe and Latin America. To this day, the total attendance for the final tournament of nearly 3.6 million remains the highest in World Cup history, despite the expansion of the competition from 24 to 32 teams at the 1998 World Cup in France. Germany, Brazil, Argentina, Belgium, Italy and the United States were seeded for the final draw, which took place in Las Vegas on 19 December 1993. The format of the competition stayed the same as in the 1990 World Cup: 24 teams qualified, divided into six groups of four. Sixteen teams would qualify for",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1310208",
"text": "their opening two games after dominating Greece 4–0 in Foxboro with a Gabriel Batistuta hattrick before winning a close match against a formidable Nigeria with a 2–1 victory on the same field four days later; despite this Argentina finished third in the group. Nigeria had been very impressive on their World Cup debut, and despite the narrow loss to Argentina, had emerged as group winners following victories against Bulgaria and Greece, the latter in which Nigeria doubled its lead late on a goal from Daniel Amokachi – a goal that would allow Nigeria to top its group. Maradona only played",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "3262925",
"text": "the run up to the 1994 FIFA World Cup after winning eight and losing only one of nine qualification matches, while on the way scoring twenty goals and conceding just four. Italy then led for a short time on the back of their own equally successful World Cup qualifying campaign, after which the top place was re-claimed by Germany. Brazil's success in their lengthy qualifying campaign returned them to the lead for a brief period. Germany led again during the 1994 World Cup, until Brazil's victory in that competition gave them a large lead that would stand up for nearly",
"title": "FIFA World Rankings"
},
{
"id": "15789625",
"text": "Basile. Some years later, Maradona suggested that drug tests were deliberately avoiding during the series, stating that \"to play against Australia, the Association gave us a 'fast coffee'\" to drink before the match. 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC–CONMEBOL play-off) The 1994 FIFA World Cup CONMEBOL–OFC qualification play-off was a two-legged home-and-away tie between the winners of the Oceania qualifying tournament and CONCACAF–OFC play-off winners, Australia, and the second-placed team from the CONMEBOL Group 1, Argentina. The games were played on 31 October and 17 November 1993 in Sydney and Buenos Aires respectively. Australia was hoping to play in the",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC–CONMEBOL play-off)"
},
{
"id": "145485",
"text": "have won three World Cup winners' medals (1958, 1962, and 1970, although he did not play in the 1962 final due to injury), with 20 other players who have won two winners' medals. Seven players have collected all three types of World Cup medals (winners', runner- ups', and third-place); five players were from West Germany's squad of 1966–1974 including Franz Beckenbauer, Jürgen Grabowski, Horst-Dieter Höttges, Sepp Maier and Wolfgang Overath (1966–1974), Italy's Franco Baresi (1982, 1990, 1994) and the most recent has been Miroslav Klose of Germany (2002–2014) with four consecutive medals. Brazil's Mário Zagallo, West Germany's Franz Beckenbauer and",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "15789623",
"text": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC–CONMEBOL play-off) The 1994 FIFA World Cup CONMEBOL–OFC qualification play-off was a two-legged home-and-away tie between the winners of the Oceania qualifying tournament and CONCACAF–OFC play-off winners, Australia, and the second-placed team from the CONMEBOL Group 1, Argentina. The games were played on 31 October and 17 November 1993 in Sydney and Buenos Aires respectively. Australia was hoping to play in the FIFA World Cup for the first time since 1974, and Argentina was hoping to qualify after reaching the FIFA World Cup Final three times in the previous four FIFA World Cups. The only",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC–CONMEBOL play-off)"
},
{
"id": "9608807",
"text": "to 2006. He has also worked as a co-commentator for a Hungarian sports TV channel. Puhl speaks Hungarian, German, Italian and English. <br><br>Sándor Puhl Sándor Puhl Sándor Puhl (born 14 July 1955) is a retired Hungarian football referee. He is mostly known for supervising four matches in the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States, including the final between Brazil and Italy. He also refereed UEFA Champions League matches, including the 1997 UEFA Champions League Final between Borussia Dortmund and Juventus. Dortmund ended up being 3–1 winners. He was elected as IFFHS' World's Best Referee of the Year four",
"title": "Sándor Puhl"
},
{
"id": "19365874",
"text": "in the same day) between Peru and Paraguay. For its part, Colombia being the first of its group could reach the qualification with a win or a draw. Colombia won 5–0. This is a game highly remembered for the Colombian, Argentinian, Paraguayan and Peruvian fans, with a historical importance and significance for winning in Argentina to a 2-times World champion and in that time undefeated 2-time champion of the 1991 and 1993 Copa América as well as the 1992 FIFA Confederations Cup. In addition, Argentina's 6-year undefeated streak on home soil was broken. Prior to this game, Argentina have never",
"title": "Argentina v Colombia (1994 FIFA World Cup qualification)"
},
{
"id": "5832753",
"text": "when European qualification ended and the OFC–CONMEBOL play-off match was played. Eighteen of FIFA's twenty-four top-ranked countries eventually qualified. \"6 of the 24 teams subsequently failed to qualify for the 1998 finals: Bolivia, Greece, Ireland, Russia, Sweden and Switzerland.\" The draw was made in New York on 8 December 1991 in the Madison Square Garden. For the first time, three teams qualified from the African zone, because of its performance in the previous tournament. The 24 spots available in the 1994 World Cup were distributed among the continental zones as follows: UEFA, AFC and CAF have a guaranteed number of",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification"
},
{
"id": "9608806",
"text": "Sándor Puhl Sándor Puhl (born 14 July 1955) is a retired Hungarian football referee. He is mostly known for supervising four matches in the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States, including the final between Brazil and Italy. He also refereed UEFA Champions League matches, including the 1997 UEFA Champions League Final between Borussia Dortmund and Juventus. Dortmund ended up being 3–1 winners. He was elected as IFFHS' World's Best Referee of the Year four times in a row between 1994 and 1997. After retiring as a referee, he was Deputy Chairman of the Hungarian Football Association from 2000",
"title": "Sándor Puhl"
},
{
"id": "4494996",
"text": "the finals of the 1994 FIFA World Cup and Ginola had come on as a late substitute for Jean-Pierre Papin. With the score level at 1–1 in the last minute of the match, Ginola overhit a cross intended for Eric Cantona. The ball was collected by Emil Kremenliev, who launched a lightning Bulgarian counterattack which resulted in Emil Kostadinov scoring the winning goal. Bulgaria thus won the match 2–1 and qualified for the 1994 World Cup finals at the expense of France. In a television interview aired on 18 November 1993, Gérard Houllier, the manager of the France team during",
"title": "David Ginola"
},
{
"id": "7155423",
"text": "win over Norwich City at Carrow Road. Matt Le Tissier scores a hat-trick for the Saints, while Chris Sutton scores twice for the Canaries. Everton, meanwhile, give their own survival bid a boost with a 1–0 away win over West Ham United, with Tony Cottee scoring against his old club. 10 April 1994 – A late equaliser by Mark Hughes forces a replay for Manchester United as they draw 1–1 with Oldham Athletic in the FA Cup semi-final, on the same day that Eric Cantona (suspended for today's game) is voted PFA Player of the Year – the first foreign",
"title": "1993–94 in English football"
},
{
"id": "9096211",
"text": "Alexi Lalas held the creative Colombians at bay in the center of the defense while Earnie Stewart and John Harkes led several counterattacks against Colombia. In the 35th minute, John Harkes crossed the ball towards Earnie Stewart, and it was deflected by Colombian defender Andres Escobar into the net to give the U.S. a shocking 1-0 lead. Andres Escobar was stretching out to cut the cross and clear the ball out of the penalty area. Celebrations went wild as the USA took the lead. Colombia continued its attacks while Andres Escobar was determined to repair his error. In the 56th",
"title": "Colombia at the 1994 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "7769121",
"text": "was no longer in the first team plans, prompting him to move to Al-Wahda in Abu Dhabi, before finishing his career back in Bahia in his native Brazil. Paulo Sérgio was capped for Brazil 13 times between 1991 and 1994, scoring twice, and was a member of the Brazilian squad that won the 1994 FIFA World Cup. Bayern Munich Brazil Paulo Sérgio (footballer, born 1969) Paulo Sérgio Silvestre do Nascimento (born 2 June 1969), commonly known as Paulo Sérgio is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a forward. Whilst at German club Bayern Munich, he won the Champions League",
"title": "Paulo Sérgio (footballer, born 1969)"
},
{
"id": "12644184",
"text": "debut just weeks after joining them from Blackburn. Denis Irwin and Roy Keane were absent after being given an extended break after playing for the Republic of Ireland in the 1994 FIFA World Cup. 1994 FA Charity Shield The 1994 FA Charity Shield was the 72nd FA Charity Shield, an annual football match played between the winners of the previous season's Premier League and FA Cup competitions. The match was played on 14 August 1994 at Wembley Stadium and contested by Manchester United, who had won the league and cup Double in 1993–94, and Blackburn Rovers, who had finished as",
"title": "1994 FA Charity Shield"
},
{
"id": "220059",
"text": "has the engraving \"FIFA World Cup\" on its base. After the 1994 FIFA World Cup a plate was added to the bottom side of the trophy on which the names of winning countries are engraved, names therefore not visible when the trophy is standing upright. The inscriptions state the year in figures and the name of the winning nation in its national language; for example, \"1974 Deutschland\" or \"1994 Brasil\". In 2010, however, the name of the winning nation was engraved as \"2010 Spain\", in English, not in Spanish. As of 2018, twelve winners have been engraved on the base.",
"title": "FIFA World Cup Trophy"
},
{
"id": "5832604",
"text": "in a home-and-away play-off. The winner of this play-off qualifies for the 2nd play-off. The winning team of the 1st play-off will play CONMEBOL Group 1 runners-up in a home-and-away play-off. The winner of this play-off qualifies for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC) Listed below are the dates and results for the 1994 FIFA World Cup qualification rounds for the Oceanian zone (OFC). For an overview of the qualification rounds, see the article \"1994 FIFA World Cup qualification\". A total of seven teams entered the competition. However, Western Samoa withdrew. The Oceanian zone was",
"title": "1994 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC)"
},
{
"id": "2932042",
"text": "at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California, drew over 100,000 fans. These high attendance figures were one factor that FIFA took into consideration in 1988 when deciding to award the 1994 World Cup to the United States. Interest in soccer within the United States continued to grow during the 1990s. This growth has been attributed in significant part to the FIFA World Cup being held in the United States for the first time in 1994. This won the sport more attention from both the media and casual sports fans. The tournament was successful, drawing an average attendance of 68,991,",
"title": "Soccer in the United States"
},
{
"id": "15382385",
"text": "time for Felipe Massa for his victory in the 2006 Turkish Grand Prix. The Victory Theme was also played on Rede Globo after the Brazilian national team won the 1994 FIFA World Cup, as an homage to Ayrton Senna, who died earlier that year. and again in the 2002 FIFA World Cup, where Brazil won the World Cup trophy for the 5th time in Japan. In 2009, the victory theme was played but with a different arrangement for Rubens Barrichellos's victory in the 2009 European Grand Prix, which marked Brazil's 100th victory in the history of Formula One. At UFC",
"title": "Tema da Vitória"
},
{
"id": "406510",
"text": "of former track and field athlete Dieter Baumann, winner of the 5000m at the 1992 Summer Olympics. In 1990, the award-winning Israeli human rights lawyer Felicia Langer accepted a teaching position in Tübingen and has resided there since then. American soccer coach Sigi Schmid, who has won Major League Soccer championships with the Los Angeles Galaxy and Columbus Crew and was an assistant coach for the U.S. at the 1994 FIFA World Cup, was born in Tübingen and moved to Torrance, California as a child. Sung Yuri, a South Korean top actress and the youngest member of the K-Pop girl",
"title": "Tübingen"
},
{
"id": "8039912",
"text": "Luca Marchegiani Luca Marchegiani (; born 22 February 1966) is an Italian former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He represented several Italian clubs throughout his career, in particular Torino F.C. and S.S. Lazio, where he won several titles. At international level, he represented the Italian national team in the 1994 FIFA World Cup, where they reached the final. He currently holds the joint seventh-highest unbeaten streak in Serie A, alongside Morgan De Sanctis and Gianluigi Buffon, having gone 745 consecutive minutes with out conceding a goal in the Italian top division. After beginning his professional career with Jesi in",
"title": "Luca Marchegiani"
}
] | who won the f.i.f.a world cup in 1994 |
|
| [
{
"id": "17485795",
"text": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film) Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, with a screenplay by Kelly Marcel. The film is based on E. L. James’ 2011 novel of the same name and stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele, a college graduate who begins a sadomasochistic relationship with young business magnate Christian Grey, played by Jamie Dornan. The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015 and was released on February 13, 2015, by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. Despite receiving generally negative reviews, it was",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485846",
"text": "to lampoon.\" Fifty Shades of Grey (film) Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romantic drama film directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson, with a screenplay by Kelly Marcel. The film is based on E. L. James’ 2011 novel of the same name and stars Dakota Johnson as Anastasia Steele, a college graduate who begins a sadomasochistic relationship with young business magnate Christian Grey, played by Jamie Dornan. The film premiered at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015 and was released on February 13, 2015, by Universal Pictures and Focus Features. Despite receiving generally negative reviews,",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485810",
"text": "Scenes were filmed in the Gastown district of Vancouver. Bentall 5 was used as the Grey Enterprises building. The University of British Columbia serves as Washington State University Vancouver, from which Ana graduates. The Fairmont Hotel Vancouver was used as the Heathman Hotel. The film was also shot at the North Shore Studios. The production officially ended on February 21, 2014. Reshoots involving scenes between Dornan and Johnson took place in Vancouver during the week of October 13, 2014. The film was shot under the working title \"\"The Adventures of Max and Banks\".\" In an alternative ending, both Ana and",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485797",
"text": "Darker\" and \"Fifty Shades Freed\", released in 2017 and 2018 respectively. 21-year-old Anastasia \"Ana\" Steele is an English literature major at Washington State University’s satellite campus near Vancouver, Washington. When her roommate, Kate Kavanagh, becomes ill and is unable to interview Christian Grey, a 27-year-old billionaire entrepreneur, for the college newspaper, Ana agrees to go in her place. At Christian's Seattle headquarters called Grey House, Ana stumbles her way through the meeting. Christian, who is that year's WSU commencement speaker, takes an interest in her; soon after, he visits the hardware store where Ana works. He agrees to Ana's request",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485845",
"text": "of the film, \"Fifty Shades of Black\", was released on January 29, 2016, in North America. Marlon Wayans and Rick Alvarez wrote the script, in which Wayans stars as Christian Black. The film was distributed by SquareOne Entertainment in Germany and Open Road Films in the United States; IM Global produce and finance it, as well as handling international releases. Kali Hawk parodied the role of Anastasia Steele, with supporting cast including Affion Crockett, Mike Epps, Jane Seymour, and Fred Willard. It was released theatrically on January 29, 2016 and described as less funny \"than the unintentionally-funny film it's trying",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "18887341",
"text": "world of \"romance\" after she interviews him for her school newspaper. Their kinky relationship stumbles forward despite Christian's shortcomings as a lover and the antics of his racist adoptive mother Claire, his well-endowed brother Eli and Hannah's hyper-sexual roommate Kateesha. On June 3, 2015, it was announced that Open Road Films had acquired the US distribution rights to the yet-to-be made film for $5 million. Principal photography on the film began August 11, 2015, in Los Angeles. The film was released in North America on January 29, 2016, alongside \"Kung Fu Panda 3\", \"The Finest Hours\", and \"Jane Got a",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Black"
},
{
"id": "18887340",
"text": "Fifty Shades of Black Fifty Shades of Black is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes and starring Marlon Wayans, who also co-wrote and co-produced the film. The film is a parody of the 2015 erotic romantic drama film \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", and was released theatrically on January 29, 2016. It grossed $22 million at the worldwide box office on a $5 million budget. It was also Florence Henderson's last film before her death on November 24, 2016, which was 10 months after the film was released. Christian Black introduces shy college student Hannah Steale to the",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Black"
},
{
"id": "16382180",
"text": "Fifty Shades of Grey Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2011 erotic romance novel by British author E. L. James. It is the first instalment in the \"Fifty Shades\" trilogy that traces the deepening relationship between a college graduate, Anastasia Steele, and a young business magnate, Christian Grey. It is notable for its explicitly erotic scenes featuring elements of sexual practices involving bondage/discipline, dominance/submission, and sadism/masochism (BDSM). Originally self-published as an ebook and a print-on-demand, publishing rights were acquired by Vintage Books in March 2012. \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" has topped best-seller lists around the world, selling over 125 million",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey"
},
{
"id": "19323017",
"text": "In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films would be shot back-to-back with principal photography scheduled to commence in early 2016. Filming began in Paris and Vancouver from February 9, 2016, to July 12, 2016, under the working title \"\"Further Adventures of Max and Banks 2 & 3\".\" Filming on \"Fifty Shades Darker\" concluded on April 11, 2016. When Anastasia \"Ana\" Steele, a literature student, goes to interview the wealthy Christian Grey, as a favor to her roommate Kate Kavanagh, she encounters a handsome, brilliant and intimidating man. The innocent and naive Ana, startled to realize she wants him,",
"title": "Fifty Shades (film series)"
},
{
"id": "18580006",
"text": "Fifty Shades Freed (film) Fifty Shades Freed is a 2018 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, and based on E. L. James's 2012 novel of the same name. It is the third and final installment in the \"Fifty Shades\" film series, following \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" (2015) and \"Fifty Shades Darker\" (2017). The film stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, and follows the couple as they marry, and must deal with Ana's former boss (Eric Johnson), who begins to stalk them. Principal photography on \"Fifty",
"title": "Fifty Shades Freed (film)"
},
{
"id": "19323015",
"text": "for the sequels. On February 5, Bella Heathcote was cast as Leila, one of Grey's former submissives. In the same month, Eric Johnson was cast to play Jack Hyde, Ana's boss at SIP. On February 18, 2016, Robinne Lee and Fay Masterson joined the film's cast. On February 20, Brant Daugherty signed on to play Luke Sawyer, the personal bodyguard for Anastasia in the third film. For \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", principal photography was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, which began on December 1, 2013. Scenes were filmed in the Gastown district of Vancouver. Bentall 5 was used as",
"title": "Fifty Shades (film series)"
},
{
"id": "17485809",
"text": "On October 31, 2013, Victor Rasuk was cast as José Rodriguez, Jr. On November 22, 2013, Eloise Mumford was cast as Kate Kavanagh. On December 2, 2013, singer Rita Ora was cast as Christian's younger sister Mia. Ora originally wanted to work on the soundtrack. On December 3, 2013, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christian's mother, Grace. In September, filming was scheduled to start on November 5, 2013, in Vancouver, British Columbia. The following month, producer Michael De Luca announced filming would begin on November 13, 2013. Principal photography was again delayed and eventually started on December 1, 2013.",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485798",
"text": "for a photo shoot to accompany the article for which Ana had interviewed him. Christian invites Ana for coffee, but he leaves abruptly, saying he is not the man for her. Christian later sends Ana first edition copies of two Thomas Hardy novels, including \"Tess of the d'Urbervilles\", as a gift. Ana and her friends celebrate graduation at a local bar. After drinking too much, Ana spontaneously calls Christian, saying she is returning the books and berates his behavior towards her. Christian goes to the bar and finds Ana, who passes out. She wakes up the next morning in Christian's",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485820",
"text": "chairman, Abdul Halim Abdul Hamid, said Fifty Shades was \"more pornography than a movie.\" The film was also banned in Indonesia, Kenya, Russia's North Caucasus, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Papua New Guinea, Cambodia, and India. The film was released in Nigeria for a week, before being removed from cinemas by the National Film and Video Censors Board (NFVCB). Studios will not pursue a theatrical release in China. The film's sex scenes were censored after protests from various religious groups in the Philippines, and as a result it is in limited release in that country with an R-18 rating from",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "18580007",
"text": "Shades Freed\" began simultaneously with \"Darker\" in February 2016, in Paris and Vancouver. The film was released in the United States on February 9, 2018, including a limited IMAX release. It grossed $371 million worldwide, the lowest total of the series, and like its two predecessors received negative reviews, with criticism of its screenplay and acting. Newlyweds Christian and Anastasia are forced to cut their honeymoon short and return home after receiving news of a break-in at Christian's corporate headquarters. Some computer files were stolen and security camera tapes identify the perpetrator as Jack Hyde, Ana's former boss who was",
"title": "Fifty Shades Freed (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485800",
"text": "a laptop. After Ana and Kate move to Seattle, Ana continues seeing Christian. During dinner at Christian's parents, Ana suddenly mentions she is leaving the next day to visit her mother in Georgia. Later, Christian becomes frustrated when Ana says that she wants more than the one-sided relationship he proposes. She is shocked when Christian unexpectedly arrives in Georgia; they have sex again but he leaves soon afterward, to tend to an emergency in Seattle. After returning home, Ana continues seeing Christian, who wants further sexual experimentation. Ana initially consents, but Christian keeps emotionally distant, upsetting her. While still considering",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485812",
"text": "Sia, was released on January 27, 2015. To date, the soundtrack has sold 516,000 copies in the United States. In February 2013, Universal chairman Adam Fogelson said the film \"could be ready to release ... as early as next summer.\" The studio initially announced an August 1, 2014, release. However, in November 2013, it was pushed back to February 13, 2015, in time for Valentine's Day. \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" was first screened at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015. The film was released in 75 IMAX screens across the US on February 13, 2015. On",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "18887344",
"text": "tying it with \"Yoga Hosers\". Fifty Shades of Black Fifty Shades of Black is a 2016 American comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes and starring Marlon Wayans, who also co-wrote and co-produced the film. The film is a parody of the 2015 erotic romantic drama film \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", and was released theatrically on January 29, 2016. It grossed $22 million at the worldwide box office on a $5 million budget. It was also Florence Henderson's last film before her death on November 24, 2016, which was 10 months after the film was released. Christian Black introduces shy college",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Black"
},
{
"id": "19323009",
"text": "Fifty Shades (film series) Fifty Shades is an American film series that consists of three erotic romantic drama films, based on the \"Fifty Shades\" trilogy by English author E. L. James. It is distributed by Universal Studios and stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as the lead roles Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively. Sam Taylor-Johnson directed the first film and initially she was slated to be the director of the sequels as well, however subsequently the second and third films were directed by James Foley. The first film, \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", was released on February 13, 2015, while",
"title": "Fifty Shades (film series)"
},
{
"id": "19323016",
"text": "the Grey Enterprises building. The University of British Columbia serves as Washington State University Vancouver, from which Ana graduates. The Fairmont Hotel Vancouver was used as the Heathman Hotel. The film was also shot at the North Shore Studios. The production officially ended on February 21, 2014. Reshoots involving scenes between Dornan and Johnson took place in Vancouver during the week of October 13, 2014. For \"Fifty Shades Darker\" and \"Fifty Shades Freed\", principal photography was to commence in June in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. This was later to be impossible, due to the script being unwritten at the moment.",
"title": "Fifty Shades (film series)"
},
{
"id": "16382182",
"text": "Christian's point of view, was published in June 2015. Anastasia \"Ana\" Steele is a 21-year-old college senior attending Washington State University in Vancouver, Washington. Her best friend is Katherine \"Kate\" Kavanagh, who writes for the college newspaper. Due to an illness, Kate is unable to interview 27-year-old Christian Grey, a successful and wealthy Seattle entrepreneur, and asks Ana to take her place. Ana finds Christian attractive as well as intimidating. As a result, she stumbles through the interview and leaves Christian's office believing it went poorly. Ana does not expect to meet Christian again, but he appears at the hardware",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey"
},
{
"id": "17007141",
"text": "Fifty Shades Fifty Shades is an adult erotic BDSM romance franchise created by E. L. James; originating as a fanfic about the young-adult genre \"Twilight\" teen romance novel series by Stephenie Meyer. It has produced a novel series, with an original novel trilogy and two follow-up novels, as well as a film trilogy. Anastasia Steele, a young college graduate meets Christian Grey, a young business mogul, and becomes his submissive partner. The series explores the development of their relationship. The \"Fifty Shades\" novel trilogy (Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker, Fifty Shades Freed) was originally written as a fan",
"title": "Fifty Shades"
},
{
"id": "17485801",
"text": "the contract, and in an effort to understand Christian psychologically, Ana asks him to demonstrate how he would \"punish\" her for rule breaking. Christian whips Ana's buttocks with a belt. Upset and disgusted, Ana breaks up with Christian after concluding that he is wrong for her and his practices border on being deviant and excessive. By early 2013, several Hollywood studios were keen to obtain film rights to \"The New York Times\" bestselling \"Fifty Shades\" trilogy of novels. Warner Bros., Sony, Paramount, Universal, and Mark Wahlberg's production company submitted bids for the film rights. Universal Pictures and Focus Features secured",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "18587245",
"text": "\"Fifty Shades Freed\" (2018) began on February 9, 2016, in Paris and Vancouver. It was released in the United States on February 10, 2017. The film grossed $381 million worldwide against its $55 million budget, but received negative reviews for its screenplay, acting and narrative, though Dakota Johnson's performance received some praise. At the 38th Golden Raspberry Awards, the film received nine nominations; including Worst Picture, Worst Actor (Dornan) and Worst Actress (Johnson), and won two for Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel, and Worst Supporting Actress (Basinger). After Anastasia Steele leaves Christian Grey, he has nightmares about his abusive",
"title": "Fifty Shades Darker (film)"
},
{
"id": "19323014",
"text": "replacement for Christian Grey. In October 2013, Jennifer Ehle was cast as Carla Wilks. On October 31, 2013, Victor Rasuk was cast as José Rodriguez, Jr. On November 22, 2013, Eloise Mumford was cast as Kate Kavanagh. On December 2, 2013, singer Rita Ora was cast as Christian's younger sister Mia. On December 3, 2013, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christian's mother, Grace. On January 28, 2016, Kim Basinger joined the film to play the role of Elena Lincoln in the sequels, Grey's business partner and former lover, while Luke Grimes, Eloise Mumford and Max Martini would be returning",
"title": "Fifty Shades (film series)"
},
{
"id": "17485828",
"text": "Grey\" pre-sold 4.5 million tickets in 39 markets. In the UK, it sold £1.3 million ($1.9 million) worth of tickets a week before release. On release, it set several records at the box office, including: In the US and Canada, it is the highest-grossing sex film, the seventeenth highest-grossing film of 2015, and the fourth-highest-grossing romantic film of all time. It opened in the US and Canada simultaneously with \"\" on Thursday, February 12, 2015, across 2,830 theaters and was widened to 3,646 theaters the next day making it the widest R-rated opening (surpassed by \"\"), and the fourth-widest R-rated",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485844",
"text": "James' husband, Niall Leonard, was enlisted to write the script for the film's sequel. In the same month, at the 2015 Universal CinemaCon in Las Vegas, Universal announced the release dates of the sequels, with \"Fifty Shades Darker\" being released on February 10, 2017, and \"Fifty Shades Freed\" was released on February 9, 2018. However, the sequels did not see Sam Taylor-Johnson returning as director. On August 20, 2015, the U.S. \"House of Cards\" director James Foley was a frontrunner to direct the sequel. In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films will be shot back-to-back. A spoof version",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485826",
"text": "\"Mamma Mia!\", \"Kung Fu Panda 2\", and \"Wonder Woman\"), and at the time of the end of its theatrical run, it was the fourth-highest-grossing R-rated film of all time (behind \"The Hangover Part II\", \"The Passion of the Christ\", and \"The Matrix Reloaded\"). \"Deadline Hollywood\" calculated the net profit of the film to be $256.55 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film. Tickets went on sale in the United States from January 11, 2015. According to ticket-selling site Fandango, \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" is the fastest-selling R-rated title in the site's 15-year history, surpassing \"Sex and",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "18587251",
"text": "sadist who enjoys hurting women who looked like his birth mother. He insists he wants to change. Christian later proposes but Ana needs time before accepting. Christian leaves on a business trip, piloting his own helicopter. An engine failure occurs over Mt. St. Helens, forcing him to ditch the craft in a heavily forested area. A massive search and rescue ensues. As Ana frightfully awaits news, Christian arrives home safely. Ana, realizing she loves him, accepts his marriage proposal. At Christian's birthday party, Elena accuses Ana of being a gold digger. Ana orders her to stop interfering. Christian overhears and",
"title": "Fifty Shades Darker (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485803",
"text": "Weekly\" estimated the film's budget as \"$40 million-or-so\". By May 9, 2013, the studio was considering Joe Wright to direct, but this proved unworkable due to Wright's schedule. Other directors who had been under consideration included Patty Jenkins, Bill Condon, Bennett Miller, and Steven Soderbergh. In June 2013, E. L. James announced Sam Taylor-Johnson would direct the film adaptation. Johnson was paid over $2 million for directing the film. \"9½ Weeks\", \"Last Tango in Paris\", and \"Blue Is the Warmest Colour\" were all cited by Taylor-Johnson as inspirations for the film. Bret Easton Ellis stated that Robert Pattinson had been",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "16382185",
"text": "Ana leaves with Christian, but not before she discovers that Kate has been flirting with Christian's brother, Elliot. Later, Ana wakes to find herself in Christian's hotel room, where he scolds her for not taking proper care of herself. Christian then reveals that he would like to have sex with her. He initially says that Ana will first have to fill in paperwork, but later goes back on this statement after making out with her in the elevator. Ana goes on a date with Christian, on which he takes her in his helicopter, \"Charlie Tango\", to his apartment. Once there,",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey"
},
{
"id": "8320080",
"text": "best films of the 2000s. The film won the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival. Forty Shades of Blue Forty Shades of Blue is a 2005 independent film directed by Ira Sachs. It tells the story of Alan James (Rip Torn), an aging music producer who lives in Memphis, Tennessee with his much younger Russian girlfriend, Laura (Dina Korzun). Their life together is complicated by the presence of Alan's adult son Michael (Darren E. Burrows) from a previous marriage, who forces Laura to reflect on the nature of her impending marriage and her future prospects. The film was",
"title": "Forty Shades of Blue"
},
{
"id": "19323018",
"text": "despite his enigmatic reserve and advice, finds herself desperate to get close to him. Not able to resist Ana's beauty and independent spirit, Grey admits he wants her too, but in his own terms. Ana hesitates as she discovers the singular tastes of Grey – despite the embellishments of success – his multinational businesses, his vast wealth, his loving family – Grey is consumed by the need to control everything. As they get close, Steele starts to discover Grey's secrets and explores her own BDSM desires. Following the events of the first film, Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey resume their",
"title": "Fifty Shades (film series)"
},
{
"id": "17485804",
"text": "James' first choice for the role of Christian Grey, but James felt that casting Pattinson and his \"Twilight\" co-star Kristen Stewart in the film would be \"weird\". Ian Somerhalder and Chace Crawford both expressed interest in the role of Christian. Somerhalder later admitted if he had been considered, the filming process would ultimately have conflicted with his shooting schedule for The CW's series \"The Vampire Diaries\". On September 2, 2013, James revealed that Charlie Hunnam and Dakota Johnson had been cast as Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele, respectively. The short list of other actresses considered for the role of Anastasia",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "16382211",
"text": "the part in October 2013, with Jamie Dornan announced for the role on 23 October. The film was released on 13 February 2015, and although popular at the box office, critical reactions were mixed to negative. E. L. James announced the film's soundtrack would be released on 10 February 2015. Prior to the soundtrack's release, the first single, \"Earned It\", by The Weeknd, was released on 24 December 2014. On 7 January 2015, the second single, \"Love Me like You Do\" by Ellie Goulding was released. Australian singer Sia released the soundtrack's third single, \"Salted Wound\", on 27 January 2015.",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey"
},
{
"id": "12906991",
"text": "show's sixth season. Grimes played United States Navy SEAL Marc Lee, who was killed in action in 2006, in \"American Sniper\" (2014). He played Christian Grey's brother, Elliot, in the film \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" (2015), and its sequels, \"Fifty Shades Darker\" (2017) and \"Fifty Shades Freed\" (2018). Grimes played Todd Belkin in \"Freeheld\" opposite Julianne Moore, Steve Carell, Ellen Page and Michael Shannon. Peter Sollett directed this independent feature film, which is based on a true story. Luke Grimes Luke Timothy Grimes (born January 21, 1984) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles in the",
"title": "Luke Grimes"
},
{
"id": "17422637",
"text": "the rights to the trilogy in March 2012. Universal is also the film's distributor. Charlie Hunnam was originally cast in the role of Christian Grey alongside Dakota Johnson in the role of Anastasia Steele, but Hunnam gave up the part in October 2013, with Jamie Dornan announced for the role on 23 October. The film was released on 13 February 2015, and became an immediate success, making it to #1 at the box office with $558.5 million. However, critical reactions were generally negative. After the first film premiered at a special fan screening in New York City on 6 February",
"title": "Fifty Shades (novel series)"
},
{
"id": "18587252",
"text": "dismissively tells Elena that she taught him \"how to fuck\" while Ana taught him \"how to love\". Grace overhears the conversation and demands Elena leave for good; Christian also cuts all ties with Elena. Later that evening, Christian proposes to Ana, this time with a ring, and she accepts. As fireworks erupt in the sky, Jack Hyde watches the festivities from afar, silently swearing revenge against Christian and Ana. Universal Pictures and Focus Features secured the rights to the trilogy in March 2012, and Universal is the film's distributor. The first book of the series was adapted into a film",
"title": "Fifty Shades Darker (film)"
},
{
"id": "4288021",
"text": "producing Paul Greengrass' \"Captain Phillips\". De Luca also produced the 2011 remake of the cult classic vampire horror film \"Fright Night\". De Luca and Dana Brunetti reunited for \"Fifty Shades of Grey,\" the 2015 film adaptation of the best-selling novel of the same name. It was a massive financial success, becoming one of the highest-grossing R-rated films of all time. De Luca was previously in a relationship with actress Julianne Moore, star of New Line's Boogie Nights. In 2009, he married actress Angelique Madrid (born 1974) from Ft. Worth, Texas, who was a contestant on the first season of ABC's",
"title": "Michael De Luca"
},
{
"id": "16382183",
"text": "store where she works. While he purchases various items including cable ties, masking tape, and rope, Ana informs Christian that Kate would like some photographs to illustrate her article about him. Christian gives Ana his phone number. Later, Kate urges Ana to call Christian and arrange a photo shoot with their photographer friend, José Rodriguez. The next day José, Kate, and Ana arrive for the photo shoot at the Heathman Hotel, where Christian is staying. Christian asks Ana out for coffee and asks if she is dating anyone, specifically José. Ana replies that she is not dating anyone. During the",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey"
},
{
"id": "17007142",
"text": "fiction work in the Twilight fictional universe. It was originally called Master of the Universe and written as \"Snowdragons Icequeen\". The original trilogy, \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", \"Fifty Shades Darker\", \"Fifty Shades Freed\", have been published as an omnibus edition called the \"\"Fifty Shades\" Trilogy\". Fifty Shades Fifty Shades is an adult erotic BDSM romance franchise created by E. L. James; originating as a fanfic about the young-adult genre \"Twilight\" teen romance novel series by Stephenie Meyer. It has produced a novel series, with an original novel trilogy and two follow-up novels, as well as a film trilogy. Anastasia Steele,",
"title": "Fifty Shades"
},
{
"id": "17485799",
"text": "hotel room, relieved that they were not intimate. Ana and Christian begin seeing each other, though he insists that she sign a non-disclosure agreement preventing her from revealing details about their dalliance. Christian explains that he only has interrelations involving bondage that is clearly defined in a signed contract. Ana reveals that she is a virgin. While considering the agreement and negotiating her own terms, and after visiting his \"playroom\", a room stocked with a variety of BDSM toys, furniture, and gear, she and Christian have sex. Christian bestows Ana with gifts and favors, such as a new car and",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485811",
"text": "Christian experience flashbacks. Christian jogs in the rain, while Ana sobs in her apartment. Christian encounters a gift Ana gave him with the note: \"This reminded me of a happy time. —Ana\". James said that the would be released on February 10, 2015. The first single, \"Earned It\", by The Weeknd, was released on December 24, 2014. On January 7, 2015, the second single, \"Love Me like You Do\" by Ellie Goulding was released, later reaching the top three on the Billboard Hot 100, and becoming a hit for the soundtrack. A promotional single, \"Salted Wound\" by Australian recording artist",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "18587244",
"text": "Fifty Shades Darker (film) Fifty Shades Darker is a 2017 American erotic romantic drama film directed by James Foley and written by Niall Leonard, based on E. L. James's 2012 novel of the same name. The second film in the \"Fifty Shades\" film series and the sequel to the 2015 film \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", it stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively, with Eric Johnson, Eloise Mumford, Bella Heathcote, Rita Ora, Luke Grimes, Victor Rasuk, Kim Basinger, and Marcia Gay Harden in supporting roles. Principal photography on \"Fifty Shades Darker\" and its sequel",
"title": "Fifty Shades Darker (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485831",
"text": "consecutive weekends before falling to No. 4 in its third weekend while \"Focus\" took the top spot. Outside the US and Canada, box office analysts were predicting as much as $158 million opening. It opened Wednesday, February 11, 2015, in 4 countries, earning $3.7 million. It opened in 34 more countries on February 12, earning $28.6 million in two days. The film set opening-day records for Universal Pictures in 25 markets and opening day records for an R-rated film in 34 territories. Through Sunday, February 15, it earned an opening-weekend total of $156 million from 58 countries from 10,979 screens",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485796",
"text": "an immediate box office success, breaking numerous box office records and earning over $571 million worldwide. The film was the most awarded at the 36th Golden Raspberry Awards, winning five of six nominations, including Worst Picture (tied with \"Fantastic Four\") and both leading roles. In contrast, Ellie Goulding's single \"Love Me like You Do\" was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, while The Weeknd's single \"Earned It\" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. It is the first film in the \"Fifty Shades\" film series and was followed by two sequels, \"Fifty Shades",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "18587248",
"text": "ended the relationship. Leila married a man who later died, causing Leila to have a mental breakdown. She has been stalking Ana and Christian ever since. Prior to the Grey family's annual charity ball, Christian takes Ana to Esclava, a beauty salon owned by Elena Lincoln. Elena, a family friend, is also Christian's former dominant who introduced him to the BDSM lifestyle by seducing him when he was younger. Ana is furious that Christian took her there and that Elena and Christian are business partners. At the ball, Christian's sister Mia mentions that her brother was expelled from four different",
"title": "Fifty Shades Darker (film)"
},
{
"id": "18134022",
"text": "a ring and Ana accepts. Outside the Greys' mansion, Jack Hyde secretly watches the party; he is the one who sabotaged Christian's helicopter and he has sworn revenge. The novel reached No. 2 on the \"USA Today\" best seller list and is considered by \"The Guardian\" to be No. 11 on the Top 100 Bestselling Books of All Time in the United Kingdom. In March 2014, the producer for the eponymous film adaptation of \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", Dana Brunetti, had said there were, as of then, no solid plans to make a sequel. That film was released on 13",
"title": "Fifty Shades Darker"
},
{
"id": "18587250",
"text": "alone at work, but she evades him and escapes. Christian exerts his influence to have Jack fired, and Ana is promoted to acting editor in Jack's place. Christian asks Ana to move in with him and she agrees. At Ana's apartment, Leila threatens her with a gun. Christian and his driver/bodyguard, Jason Taylor, enter and Christian controls Leila by becoming her dominant. Ana, seeing Christian's need to be dominant, leaves, returning hours later. Christian is furious but Ana needs time to consider their relationship. Christian submissively drops to his knees and confesses that he is not a dominant, but a",
"title": "Fifty Shades Darker (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485840",
"text": "the fleeting image of the man minus his pants.\" In \"The Sydney Morning Herald\", Timothy Laurie and Jessica Kean argue that \"the film provides a language for decision-making around violence more developed than most Hollywood fodder\", and that \"film fleshes out an otherwise legalistic concept like 'consent' into a living, breathing, and at times, uncomfortable interpersonal experience. It dramatises the dangers of unequal negotiation and the practical complexity of identifying one's limits and having them respected.\" Various critics have noted the similarities between \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" and Adrian Lyne's \"9½ Weeks\" (1986). Both films are literary adaptations, centering on",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485802",
"text": "the rights to the trilogy in March 2013. Author James sought to retain some control during the movie's creative process. James chose \"The Social Network\" producers Michael De Luca and Dana Brunetti to produce the film. Although \"American Psycho\" writer Bret Easton Ellis publicly expressed his desire to write the screenplay for \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", Kelly Marcel, screenwriter of \"Saving Mr. Banks\", was hired for the job. Patrick Marber was brought in by Taylor-Wood to polish the screenplay, specifically to do some \"character work\". Universal hired Mark Bomback for script doctoring. Mark Bridges served as the costume designer. \"Entertainment",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "18587257",
"text": "cast to play Boyce Fox, and on April 7, it was reported that Hugh Dancy had joined to play Dr. John Flynn, Grey's psychiatrist; neither actor appeared in the finished film. Principal photography was initially set to begin in Vancouver in June 2015. However, it was later postponed due to delays in the script. It was later reported that filming would begin in February 2016 in Vancouver, while the studio North Shore Studios was booked for the film. In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that the film and \"Freed\" would be shot back-to-back, with principal photography scheduled to commence in",
"title": "Fifty Shades Darker (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485824",
"text": "Thomas Williams of the Notre Dame Center for Ethics and Culture commented on the release of the film in the United States on Valentine's Day, stating \"The irony of Universal Pictures' decision to release its bondage-erotica film Fifty Shades of Grey on the day dedicated to honoring a Christian martyr has not gone unnoticed to many observers, who seem to find the choice unclassy at best.\" \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" was released via DVD and Blu-ray on May 8, 2015. The Blu-ray edition features an unrated cut of the film; the version includes an additional three minutes of footage, the",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485813",
"text": "January 25, 2014, more than a year prior to release, Universal displayed posters with the phrase, \"Mr. Grey will see you now\", in five locations across the United States. On February 14, 2014, the first photograph of Johnson as Anastasia was released. On June 18, 2014, the film's official Twitter account released the first still of Dornan as Christian in honor of Christian's birthday. On July 9, 2014, the book's author, E. L. James, said on Twitter that the film's trailer would be released on July 24, 2014. Beyoncé debuted a teaser for the trailer on her Instagram account five",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "18587256",
"text": "to produce, along with E. L. James. Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan were confirmed to return for the sequels. On January 28, 2016, Kim Basinger joined the film, to play Elena Lincoln, Grey's business partner and former dominant, while Luke Grimes, Eloise Mumford and Max Martini were set to reprise their characters from the first film. On February 5, Bella Heathcote was cast as Leila, one of Grey's former submissives. In the same month, Eric Johnson was cast to play Jack Hyde. On February 18, Robinne Lee and Fay Masterson joined the film's cast. On February 26, Tyler Hoechlin was",
"title": "Fifty Shades Darker (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485825",
"text": "bulk of which are in the form of an alternative ending. Upon its release on home media in the U.S., the film topped both the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks combined Blu-ray Disc and DVD sales, as well as the Blu-ray Disc sales chart for two consecutive weeks up to the week ending May 17, 2015. \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" grossed $166.2 million in the US and Canada and $404.8 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $571 million against a budget of $40 million. It is currently the fourth-highest-grossing film directed by a woman (behind",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "16382189",
"text": "and becomes overwhelmed by the potential BDSM arrangement and the potential of having a sexual relationship with Christian that is not romantic in nature. Because of these feelings, Ana runs away from Christian and does not see him again until her college graduation, where he is a guest speaker. During this time, Ana agrees to sign the dominant/submissive contract. Ana and Christian once again meet to further discuss the contract, and they go over Ana's hard and soft limits. Christian spanks Ana for the first time, and the experience leaves her both enticed and slightly confused. This confusion is exacerbated",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey"
},
{
"id": "19323019",
"text": "relationship under Ana's terms. However, their relationship is tested when Christian's past threatens the couple. Believing they've left behind the shadowy figures from the past, billionaire Christian Grey and his new wife, Anastasia, fully embrace their inextricable connection and shared life of luxury. Just as the Greys begin to step into their new roles, sinister events come to light and jeopardize their happy ending before it even begins. With a combined worldwide gross over $1.3 billion, the franchise is the fourth biggest R-rated franchise ever, behind only \"The Matrix\" ($1.6 billion over three films), \"The Hangover\" ($1.4 billion over three",
"title": "Fifty Shades (film series)"
},
{
"id": "17485835",
"text": "Brazil, ($31.3 million), France ($29.5 million), and Spain ($22.6 million). \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" received generally negative reviews, with criticism of its acting, screenplay, and pacing; however, some critics noted it as an improvement over the book, and others praised the cinematography and set design. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 25% based on 261 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"While creatively better endowed than its print counterpart, \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" is a less than satisfying experience on the screen.\" Metacritic gave the film a score of 46",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485818",
"text": "MA15+ by the ACB for \"strong sex scenes, sexual themes and nudity\". On February 2, 2015, the British BBFC classified the film an 18 certificate, mentioning \"strong sex\". In Canada, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, and British Columbia, the film was rated at 18A by the OFRB, MFCB, AFR, and BCFCO, respectively, due to its \"occasional upsetting or disturbing scenes, and partial or full nudity in a brief sexual situation.\" In Quebec, the Régie du cinéma rated the movie under the 16+ category for its eroticism. In France, the film earned a 12 rating. In Lebanon, the film earned an NC-21 rating.",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "18580016",
"text": "set to return in the lead roles. On February 8, 2016, Arielle Kebbel was cast in the film to play Gia Matteo, a beautiful architect who is hired by Christian to build his home, and on February 12, 2016, Eric Johnson was cast as Jack Hyde, Ana's boss at SIP and stalker. On February 20, 2016, Brant Daugherty signed on to play Sawyer, the personal bodyguard for Anastasia. In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that \"Fifty Shades Darker\" and \"Fifty Shades Freed\" would be shot back-to-back, with principal photography scheduled to commence in early 2016. Filming took place in Paris",
"title": "Fifty Shades Freed (film)"
},
{
"id": "18580013",
"text": "blacks out as she hears Christian's voice. Ana awakens three days later in the hospital with Christian at her side. Though angry at Ana's recklessness and still anxious about fatherhood, Christian realizes how important their baby is to her, and they reconcile. Christian's adoptive mother, Grace, assures Christian that Ana will not leave him. Ana returns home the next day. Christian's private investigator, Welch, has left a report showing that Christian and Hyde had shared the same foster family, though Christian has no memory of this. Hyde was vengeful over Christian being adopted by the wealthy Grey family instead of",
"title": "Fifty Shades Freed (film)"
},
{
"id": "19323012",
"text": "James' husband, Niall Leonard, would write the script for the sequel. Leonard also went on to write the script for the third film. The casting for the lead roles was considered controversial. Many contenders considered for the film included Ryan Gosling, Garrett Hedlund, Theo James, Alexander Skarsgård, François Arnaud, Charlie Hunnam, Scott Eastwood, Luke Bracey, and Billy Magnussen as Christian Grey. Alicia Vikander, Imogen Poots, Elizabeth Olsen, Shailene Woodley, and Felicity Jones were all considered for the role of Anastasia Steele. On September 2, 2013, Dakota Johnson and Charlie Hunnam were cast as Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey respectively. As",
"title": "Fifty Shades (film series)"
},
{
"id": "17485808",
"text": "it is most likely due to something on that list. Keep that in mind while hating and keep perspective.\" During October 2013, actress Jennifer Ehle was in talks for the role of Anastasia's mother Carla. On October 12, 2013, Universal Pictures announced that Hunnam had exited the film due to conflicts with the schedule of his FX series \"Sons of Anarchy\". Alexander Skarsgård, Jamie Dornan, Theo James, François Arnaud, Scott Eastwood, Luke Bracey, and Billy Magnussen were at the top of the list to replace Hunnam as Christian Grey. Finally, on October 23, 2013, Dornan was cast as Christian Grey.",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "19323010",
"text": "the second, \"Fifty Shades Darker\", was released on February 10, 2017. \"Fifty Shades Freed\", the third film, was released on February 9, 2018. Worldwide, the series has grossed over $1.320 billion, making it the fourth highest-grossing R-rated franchise of all-time. Two years after the trilogy's first novel was released, several distribution companies had bid for the rights of the trilogy. Warner Bros., Sony, Paramount and Universal, as well as Mark Wahlberg's production company, put in bids for the film rights. The winning bid went to Universal Studios and Focus Features, at $5 million. With James gaining control over the process",
"title": "Fifty Shades (film series)"
},
{
"id": "17485814",
"text": "days before the trailer's release. On July 24, Dornan and Johnson were on \"The Today Show\" to present part of the trailer appropriate for morning television; the full trailer, which contained more racy scenes, was released later the same day on the internet (200 days before its initial theatrical release). The trailer featured a new version of \"Crazy in Love\" by Beyoncé, which was scored and arranged by her frequent collaborator Boots. The trailer was viewed 36.4 million times in the week after its July 24 release. This made it the most viewed trailer on YouTube in 2014, until it",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485829",
"text": "release of all time. It earned $8.6 million from Thursday night previews which is the second-highest late-night gross for a film released in February (behind \"Deadpool\") and the third-highest for an R-rated film (behind \"Deadpool\" and \"The Hangover Part II\"). The film topped the box office on its opening day grossing $30.2 million (including Thursday previews) from 3,646 theaters setting a record for highest February opening day (previously held by \"The Passion of the Christ\") and fourth-highest overall among R-rated films. During its traditional three-day opening the film opened at No. 1 at the box office earning $85.1 million, setting",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485833",
"text": "film and the second-biggest for a non-sequel film (behind \"I Am Legend)\". In just 10 days of release it became the highest-grossing 18-rated film of all time. It topped the UK box office for two consecutive weekends. Other high openings include Germany ($14.1 million), France ($12.3 million), Russia ($11 million), Italy ($10.1 million), Spain ($8.7 million), Brazil ($8.3 million), Mexico ($8.1 million), Australia ($8 million). In Japan, the film was unsuccessful opening at No. 5 with $682,000 but falling out of the top 10 the following week. \"The Hollywood Reporter\" cited out possible reasons for the film's failure, attributing it",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485834",
"text": "to the \"delayed release of the new Japanese-language editions of the books, poor timing for the film release and an R-15, re-edit blurring out parts of the sex scenes.\" It topped the box office outside of the US for three consecutive weekends until it was overtaken by Warner Bros.' \"Jupiter Ascending\" in its fourth weekend. It became Universal Pictures' highest-grossing R-rated film of all time overseas (breaking \"Ted\"s record), Universal Pictures' highest-grossing film in 14 countries, and Universal Pictures' eighth-highest-grossing film overseas. In total earnings, its largest markets overseas are the UK, Ireland and Malta ($52.5 million), Germany ($43.7 million),",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "8320079",
"text": "Forty Shades of Blue Forty Shades of Blue is a 2005 independent film directed by Ira Sachs. It tells the story of Alan James (Rip Torn), an aging music producer who lives in Memphis, Tennessee with his much younger Russian girlfriend, Laura (Dina Korzun). Their life together is complicated by the presence of Alan's adult son Michael (Darren E. Burrows) from a previous marriage, who forces Laura to reflect on the nature of her impending marriage and her future prospects. The film was inspired by Satyajit Ray's \"Charulata\" (1964). \"Forty Shades of Blue\" was placed at 92 on Slant Magazine's",
"title": "Forty Shades of Blue"
},
{
"id": "2362914",
"text": "have won the profession's three highest honors: the Academy Award (film), the Tony Award (stage), and the Emmy Award (television). In 2009, Harden co-starred with Ellen Page and Drew Barrymore in \"Whip It\", which proved a critical success. Harden also played in the comedy \"The Maiden Heist\" (2009) with Christopher Walken and Morgan Freeman. In 2013, Harden reunited with her former Broadway co-star Jeff Daniels as a new cast member on HBO's series \"The Newsroom\". From 2015 to 2018, she played Christian Grey's mother, Grace Trevelyan Grey, in the \"Fifty Shades\" film series. Also in 2015, she began a starring",
"title": "Marcia Gay Harden"
},
{
"id": "19323020",
"text": "films) and \"Alien\" ($1.328 billion not counting the PG-13 \"Alien vs. Predator\"). Fifty Shades (film series) Fifty Shades is an American film series that consists of three erotic romantic drama films, based on the \"Fifty Shades\" trilogy by English author E. L. James. It is distributed by Universal Studios and stars Dakota Johnson and Jamie Dornan as the lead roles Anastasia Steele and Christian Grey, respectively. Sam Taylor-Johnson directed the first film and initially she was slated to be the director of the sequels as well, however subsequently the second and third films were directed by James Foley. The first",
"title": "Fifty Shades (film series)"
},
{
"id": "18580009",
"text": "having an affair with Gia, who is also his business associate. When Ana returns home, she encounters Jack Hyde, who attempts to kidnap her. Ana's security team subdues him and he is arrested. After an argument with Christian about her night out with Kate, Ana berates Christian for being overly controlling and possessive and demands more freedom. Soon after, Christian surprises Ana with a trip to Aspen, bringing along Kate, Elliot, Mia, and José. Elliott proposes to Kate, who accepts. It is revealed that Gia was only helping Elliott choose the ring. The newlyweds continue with their erotic sexual experimentation,",
"title": "Fifty Shades Freed (film)"
},
{
"id": "8605949",
"text": "48 Shades 48 Shades (titled Australian Pie: Naked Love in the United States) is a 2006 Australian comedy film by debut director Daniel Lapaine, starring Richard Wilson, Emma Lung, Robin McLeavy, and Victoria Thaine. It is based on Nick Earls' popular novel \"48 Shades of Brown\". It was filmed in Brisbane, Australia. School scenes from the film were filmed in the real-life Brisbane Boys' College. The book on which the film is based has also been adapted into a play for La Boite Theatre Company. A few months ago Dan had to make a choice. Go to Geneva with his",
"title": "48 Shades"
},
{
"id": "17485821",
"text": "the MTRCB. A similarly cut version was released in Zimbabwe. Roughly 20 minutes were cut from the film for screening in Vietnam, leaving no sex scenes. The scene in which Ana is beaten with a belt is skipped entirely. On January 28, 2015, a campaign in the United States by the National Center on Sexual Exploitation started two petitions to boycott the film's release. Their website makes more than 50 allegations that the film has a negative impact on the community. It said, \"Hollywood is advertising the \"Fifty Shades\" story as an erotic love affair, but it is really about",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "16012886",
"text": "in lieu of a writing credit. Following the film's premiere, Jones and long time friend Drake Doremus began conceiving \"Like Crazy\". Both he and Doremus had been through similar long-distance relationships, which served to inform the film's plot. Following \"Like Crazy\", Jones co-wrote the film \"Breathe In\" which premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival. In the summer of 2016, production wrapped on Jones' adapted screenplay entitled \"Ashes in the Snow\". The film is based on Ruta Sepetys' \"New York Times\" Bestseller \"Between Shades of Gray\". Jones changed the title to avoid any possible confusion with the vastly dissimilar Fifty",
"title": "Ben York Jones"
},
{
"id": "17485832",
"text": "($173.6 million through Monday) where it opened at No. 1 in 54 of the 58 countries, marking the biggest overseas opening for an R-rated film, the fourth-biggest of 2015, and Universal's third-biggest overseas opening weekend ever. The film set an all-time opening record in 13 markets, Universal's biggest opening weekend ever in 30 markets and biggest opening for any R-rated film in 31 markets. The biggest opener outside of the United States was witnessed in the UK, Ireland and Malta, where it earned £13.55 million ($20.8 million) in its opening weekend, which is the biggest debut ever for an 18-rated",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "18587268",
"text": "again, the story involves the on-and-off, tie-her-up, tie-her-down romance between Anastasia Steele (Ms. Johnson) and her billionaire boyfriend, Christian Grey (Jamie Dornan), a guy with sculptured muscles, expensive playthings and dreary issues. Stuff and kink happens: A gun is fired, a would-be rapist is punished and Anastasia is bound hand and foot. Mostly, she advances and retreats (repeat), mewls and moans, and registers surprise each time Christian tries to dominate her outside the bedroom, evincing the kind of stalkerlike behavior that usually leads to restraining orders. Richard Brody of \"The New Yorker\" described the film as inferior to the first,",
"title": "Fifty Shades Darker (film)"
},
{
"id": "17733681",
"text": "Fifty Shades of Grayson \"Fifty Shades of Grayson\" is the tenth episode of the fifth season of the American series \"The Vampire Diaries\" and the series' 99th episode overall. \"Fifty Shades of Grayson\" was originally aired on December 12, 2013, on The CW. The episode was written by Caroline Dries and directed by Kellie Cyrus. Damon (Ian Somerhalder) escapes from his cell and returns to the Salvatore house looking for Elena (Nina Dobrev). Instead, he discovers Katherine who just ran from Stefan's (Paul Wesley) bedroom because she found more grey hair and panicked. Damon asks her if she has seen",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grayson"
},
{
"id": "16416051",
"text": "fastest selling paperback of all time. In 2012, \"Time\" magazine named her one of \"The World's 100 Most Influential People.\" The novels were subsequently adapted into the films \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", \"Fifty Shades Darker\", and \"Fifty Shades Freed\". Erika Mitchell was born on 7 March 1963 in Willesden, Middlesex to a Chilean mother and a Scottish father who was a BBC cameraman. She was brought up in Buckinghamshire. James was educated at the independent Pipers Corner School and at Wycombe High School, a state grammar school for girls in the town of High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, followed by the",
"title": "E. L. James"
},
{
"id": "1648902",
"text": "In 2016, she had a brief role, as a crooked high-ranking official in the United States Department of Justice, in the crime comedy \"The Nice Guys\", alongside Russell Crowe and Ryan Gosling. Basinger played Elena Lincoln, the business partner and former lover of Christian Grey, in the film adaptation of \"Fifty Shades Darker\" (2017), the sequel to \"Fifty Shades of Grey\". Dakota Johnson, her co-star, described her as \"one of the great people to work with\". Despite negative reviews, the film made US$381.4 million globally. In 1979, Basinger met makeup artist Ron Snyder-Britton (born Ronald Snyder) on the film \"Hard",
"title": "Kim Basinger"
},
{
"id": "17485822",
"text": "sexual abuse and violence against women. The porn industry has poised men and women to receive the message that sexual violence is enjoyable. \"Fifty Shades\" models this porn message and Hollywood cashes the check.\" By February 7, one of the petitions had garnered more than 53,000 signatures. On February 2, in Michigan, a man petitioned to halt the film's release at a local Celebration! Cinema. Despite the man's efforts, the president of the cinemas declined to cancel the release of the film. He said, \"We've been in business for 70 years and people often times object to content, and it's",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485816",
"text": "A third trailer aired during Super Bowl XLIX, on February 1, 2015. The film was promoted through an ad campaign that asked people whether they were \"curious\". Nick Carpou, Universal's president of domestic distribution, said: \"Our campaign gave people permission to see the film.\" \"Valentines is a big deal for couples and a great relationship event, and the date with the long Presidents Day weekend created a perfect storm for us. This date positioned us to take full advantage of the romance angle, which is how we sold the film in our marketing campaign,\" he said. There was initial speculation",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "9310122",
"text": "role in the ABC drama, Castle. In 2011, the Noor Iranian Film Festival in Los Angeles invited him to participate as an official festival judge. In 2013, he played the role of the U.S. Navy SEAL commander in Paul Greengrass' Academy Award nominated film \"Captain Phillips\". In 2013, Guillermo del Toro's cast Martini and Rob Kazinsky as the Australian father-son pilot duo in \"Pacific Rim\" In 2014, Martini was cast in Legendary Pictures‘ supernatural thriller \"Spectral\" Martini played Christian Grey's bodyguard in the film \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" (2015), and its two sequels. In 2016, Martini portrayed Mark \"Oz\" Geist",
"title": "Max Martini"
},
{
"id": "16382184",
"text": "conversation, Ana learns that Christian is also single, but he says he is not romantic. Ana is intrigued, but believes she is not attractive enough for Christian. Later, Ana receives a package from Christian containing first edition copies of \"Tess of the d'Urbervilles\", which stuns her. Later that night, Ana goes out drinking with her friends and ends up drunk dialling Christian, who informs her that he will be coming to pick her up because of her inebriated state. Ana goes outside to get some fresh air, and José attempts to kiss her, but he is stopped by Christian's arrival.",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey"
},
{
"id": "3793079",
"text": "of \"Tartuffe\", and joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1995. Other television credits include \"The Camomile Lawn\" (1992), \"A Gifted Man\" (2011–2012) and \"The Looming Tower\" (2018). She has also appeared in supporting roles in such films as \"Wilde\" (1997), \"Sunshine\" (1999), \"The King's Speech\" (2010), \"Contagion\" (2011), \"Zero Dark Thirty\" (2012), \"RoboCop\" (2014), and \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" (2015). Ehle also portrayed Lydia Marsh in \"The Miseducation of Cameron Post\" (2018). Ehle was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, to English actress Rosemary Harris and American author John Ehle. Aside from English, her ancestry includes Romanian (from a maternal great-grandmother)",
"title": "Jennifer Ehle"
},
{
"id": "17733687",
"text": "her about her father's experiments and Elena stars having some memories of her as a little girl (Kayla Madison) with her father (Jason MacDonald). Despite the tortures she remembers that her father was doing all these to help people, for example to use the vampire blood as a cure to many diseases. Wes prepares to inject Elena with the serum that will make her crave for vampire blood instead of human blood, but before can do it, Stefan arrives and saves her. Elena gets her father's journal before they leave and Aaron comes later on the basement finding Wes unconscious.",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grayson"
},
{
"id": "18580014",
"text": "him. It is also learned that Hyde blackmailed Liz into being his accomplice. Christian and Ana also learn where Christian's birth mother is buried. They visit her grave and Christian lays flowers on it. Eight months later, Christian and Ana have a son named Theodore and a year later Ana is pregnant with their second child. Universal Pictures and Focus Features secured the rights to the trilogy in March 2012. The films were produced by Michael De Luca Productions. At a fan screening of the first film in New York City on February 6, 2015, director Sam Taylor-Johnson confirmed that",
"title": "Fifty Shades Freed (film)"
},
{
"id": "18587249",
"text": "schools for brawling. Christian tells Ana that his mother committed suicide. He was alone with her body for three days before being taken to the hospital where Grace Trevelyan Grey worked; she cared for and later adopted the young boy. During the ball, Ana rebuffs Elena's demand that she leave Christian and warns Elena to stay away. Arriving home, she and Christian discover Leila has vandalized Ana's car. Christian later tells Ana that his birth mother was a crack-addicted prostitute. When Ana tells Jack she won't be attending the expo with him, he attempts to seduce her while they are",
"title": "Fifty Shades Darker (film)"
},
{
"id": "16382181",
"text": "copies worldwide by June 2015. It has been translated into 52 languages, and set a record in the United Kingdom as the fastest-selling paperback of all time. Critical reception of the book, however, has tended towards the negative, with the quality of its prose generally seen as poor. Universal Pictures and Focus Features produced a film adaptation, which was released on 13 February 2015 and also received generally unfavourable reviews. The second and third volumes of the trilogy, \"Fifty Shades Darker\" and \"Fifty Shades Freed\", were published in 2012. \"\", a version of \"Fifty Shades of Grey\" being told from",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey"
},
{
"id": "8605950",
"text": "parents for a year, board at school or move into a house with his uni student bass-playing aunt, Jacq, and her friend, Naomi. He picked Jacq's place. Now he's doing his last year at school and trying not to spin out. Trying to be cool. Trying to pick up a few skills for surviving in the adult world. Problem is, he falls for Naomi, and things become much, much more confusing. As Dan fumbles through the process of forming a relationship with someone of the opposite sex, he also learns about making pesto, interpreting the fish tank scene from the",
"title": "48 Shades"
},
{
"id": "17485837",
"text": "film one and a half stars out of five and wrote that it \"feels like two, distinct films grappling for dominance over the screen: one a sensual and stylish romance, and the other a numbingly explicit Harlequin bodice-ripper brought to life. Regrettably, the latter and lesser of the two ends up on top\". \"The Guardian\" lead film critic Peter Bradshaw gave the film one star out of five, calling it \"the most purely tasteful and softcore depiction of sadomasochism in cinema history\" with \"strictly daytime soap\" performances. A. O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" called the movie \"terrible\", but",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "18587258",
"text": "early 2016. Filming took place in Paris and Vancouver from February 9, 2016 to July 12, 2016, under the working title, \"\"Further Adventures of Max and Banks 2 & 3\".\" Principal photography concluded on April 11, 2016. \"Fifty Shades Darker\" was released on February 10, 2017, by Universal Pictures. The Digital HD was released on Amazon and iTunes on April 25, 2017 while the DVD/Blu-ray debuted on May 9, 2017 and took the number one spot in sales. On September 15, 2016, Universal released the film's first official trailer, which amassed an unprecedented 114 million views in its first 24",
"title": "Fifty Shades Darker (film)"
},
{
"id": "17485817",
"text": "that the film could receive an NC-17 rating in the United States. Studios typically steer away from the adults-only rating due to the impact the classification has on a film's commercial viability, with some theater chains refusing to exhibit NC-17-rated films. While screenwriter Marcel said she expected the film to be NC-17-rated, producer De Luca anticipated the less restrictive R rating. On January 5, 2015, the MPAA did give the film an R rating, basing its decision on \"strong sexual content including dialogue, some unusual behavior and graphic nudity, and language.\" On January 30, in Australia, the film was rated",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
},
{
"id": "18587246",
"text": "childhood. Meanwhile, Ana begins a new job as an assistant to Jack Hyde, an editor at Seattle Independent Publishing (SIP) whose previous three assistants all quit within the last 18 months. Ana unexpectedly runs into Christian at the opening of her friend Jose Rodriguez's photography exhibit. She is dismayed that Christian bought all of Jose's portraits of Ana. Christian wants Ana back and agrees to her no rules, no punishments, and no more secret terms. As Jack and Ana head for an after-work drink, Ana is approached on the street by a young woman resembling her. Christian arrives at the",
"title": "Fifty Shades Darker (film)"
},
{
"id": "16416052",
"text": "University of Kent in South East England where she studied History. After leaving university, James became a studio manager’s assistant at the National Film and Television School in Beaconsfield. She married Niall Leonard, a screenwriter, in 1987, and they have two teenage sons. As of 2012, they reside in Brentford, west London. James says the idea for the \"Fifty Shades\" trilogy began as a response to the vampire novel series \"Twilight\". In late 2008 James saw the movie \"Twilight\", and then became intensely absorbed with the novels that the movie was based on. She read the novels several times over",
"title": "E. L. James"
},
{
"id": "8754614",
"text": "series \"Ben and Kate\", marking her television debut. The show was cancelled on January 25, 2013 after one season. Johnson quickly resumed her film career, with a small role in \"Need for Speed\" (2014). She also has been cast in the modern-day film adaptation of William Shakespeare's \"Cymbeline\". In 2013, she had a role as one of the new hires on the series finale episode of the comedy series \"The Office\". Johnson received recognition and success when she starred as Anastasia \"Ana\" Steele in the romantic drama film \"Fifty Shades of Grey\", which was released in February 2015. Johnson won",
"title": "Dakota Johnson"
},
{
"id": "18580008",
"text": "fired for sexual assault. Meanwhile, Ana is introduced to her new personal security team. Christian surprises Ana with a new house and has hired an attractive architect, Gia Matteo, to rebuild it. Ana is annoyed when Gia openly flirts with Christian in Ana's presence. Ana privately threatens to fire Gia if she continues her flirting, forcing her to stop. When Christian is away on a business trip, Ana disregards his wishes that she stay at home, and meets her friend, Kate Kavanagh, for a drink. Kate, who is dating Christian's older brother Elliot, confides that she suspects Elliot may be",
"title": "Fifty Shades Freed (film)"
},
{
"id": "16062514",
"text": "making it easier for survivors to talk to her. She interviewed dozens of people during her stay. Lina Vilkas is introduced as a young artist living comfortably in her home in Kaunas, Lithuania, with her loving family. But, on June 14, 1941, Soviet officers (the NKVD) barge into her home, tearing her family from the comfortable life they've known. Separated from her father, forced onto a crowded and dirty train car, Lina, along with her mother and her younger brother, Jonas, slowly make their way north to a work camp in the coldest reaches of Siberia. Here they are forced,",
"title": "Between Shades of Gray"
},
{
"id": "17485838",
"text": "wrote that \"it might nonetheless be a movie that feels good to see, whether you squirm or giggle or roll your eyes or just sit still and take your punishment.\" In a positive review for \"The Daily Telegraph\", Robbie Collin called the film \"sexy, funny and self-aware in every way the original book isn't.\" Elizabeth Weitzman of New York's \"Daily News\" praised the directing, screenplay, and Johnson's performance, but called Dornan's performance, the leads' chemistry, and the supporting cast \"underused\". She praised the film for honoring the essence of its source and the director's way of balancing \"atmosphere with action\".",
"title": "Fifty Shades of Grey (film)"
}
] | where does the movie fifty shades of grey take place |
|
| [
{
"id": "16559297",
"text": "Eliasberg, Karen Gaviola, Stephen Gyllenhaal, Ralph Hemecker, Gwyneth Horder-Payton, Frederick K. Keller, Matt Penn, John Polson, Michael Pressman, Rosemary Rodriguez, and Alex Zakrzewski. Episodes were written by a team of writers, which consisted of Burgess, Green, Brian Burns, Siobhan Byrne-O'Connor, Amanda Green, Julie Hébert, Thomas Kelly, Gwendolyn M. Parker, Mark Rosner, Ken Sanzel, Diana Son, and Kevin Wade. Cinematographers hired for the season included Craig DiBona, David Insley, Tim Ives and Teodoro Maniaci. Composers Mark Morgan and Rob Simonsen provided the background music for the season. The first season featured a cast of five main actors who received star billing.",
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "3305673",
"text": "in the CBS police drama \"Blue Bloods\", but the role was recast with Andrea Roth. She later appeared in the recurring role of Llanview Mayor Finn - who succeeds the exiting Mayor \"Dorian Lord\" on the ABC daytime soap opera \"One Life to Live\" in 2011. She also appeared in the ABC series \"666 Park Avenue\" in 2012. In March 2013, Moniz was cast opposite Stuart Townsend, James Cromwell and Hannah Ware of the ABC drama series \"Betrayal\" directed by Patty Jenkins and based on the Dutch drama series \"Overspel\". In 2014, Moniz was cast as lead in the independent",
"title": "Wendy Moniz"
},
{
"id": "16559300",
"text": "of two children Jack and Sean. Sami Gayle portrayed Erin's teenage daughter Nicole \"Nikki\" Reagan-Boyle (Marlene Lawston played this role in the pilot episode). Abigail Hawk portrayed Abigail Baker, Frank's primary aide. Brothers Andrew and Tony Terraciano portray Sean and Jack Reagan, Danny and Linda's sons. Gregory Jbara acted as Garrett Moore, the NYPD's Deputy Commissioner of Public Information. Robert Clohessy played Sgt. Sidney Gormley, the immediate supervisor of Danny and the other detectives at the precinct. Actress Dylan Moore appeared in the first six episodes as Jamie's brief fiancée Sydney Davenport. Bruce Altman portrayed Mayor Frank Russo, Frank's superior.",
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "16559291",
"text": "Blue Bloods (season 1) The first season of \"Blue Bloods\", an American police procedural–family drama television series, aired in the United States on CBS between September 24, 2010 to May 13, 2011. The series was created and, along with Leonard Goldberg and Michael Cuesta, executively produced by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess. The show revolves around the Reagan family, consisting of the retired police commissioner, current police commissioner, police officers, and an assistant district attorney, all working with the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Actors Donnie Wahlberg, Bridget Moynahan, Will Estes, Len Cariou and Tom Selleck make up the",
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "6815055",
"text": "Steven Weber (actor) Steven Robert Weber (born March 4, 1961) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Brian Hackett on the television show \"Wings\" which aired from April 1990 to May 1997 on NBC and as Sam Blue in \"Once and Again\". He had a recurring role on \"iZombie\" as Vaughn du Clark. He plays Mayor Douglas Hamilton on \"\" in a recurring role. Weber was born in Briarwood, Queens, New York. His mother, Fran (née Frankel), was a nightclub singer, and his father, Stuart Weber, was a nightclub performer and manager of Borscht Belt",
"title": "Steven Weber (actor)"
},
{
"id": "3056842",
"text": "Len Cariou Leonard Joseph \"Len\" Cariou (born September 30, 1939) is a Canadian actor, best known for his portrayal of Sweeney Todd in the original cast of \"\", for which he won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical, and for playing the patriarch Henry Reagan, NYPD Police Commissioner (retired), in the multi-generational television series \"Blue Bloods\" on CBS. Born in St. Boniface, today a city ward of Winnipeg, later moving to East Kildonan, Manitoba, Cariou is the son of Molly Estelle (née Moore) and George Marius Cariou, a salesman. His father was Breton and his mother was",
"title": "Len Cariou"
},
{
"id": "18043565",
"text": "film debut in the ensemble romantic comedy \"New Year's Eve\" (2011). Michele then voiced the main character Dorothy Gale in the animated film \"\" (2014). She then starred as Hester Ulrich in Fox's horror-comedy series \"Scream Queens\" (2015–2016). Michele currently portrays Valentina Barrella in the ABC sitcom \"The Mayor\" (2017). ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class=\"unsortable\"| Notes ! class=\"unsortable\"| Ref Lea Michele credits The following is the list of film, television and theatre credits for American actress, singer, and author Lea Michele. Michele came to worldwide prominence after being cast in the main role of Rachel Berry in",
"title": "Lea Michele credits"
},
{
"id": "18375332",
"text": "Jason Jurman Jason Jurman (November 6, 1979 – October 11, 2014) was an American film, television and theater actor. He was best known for his starring role in the 2007 film, \"Cougar Club\", opposite Warren Kole, Joe Mantegna, Faye Dunaway, and Carrie Fisher. His television credits included roles in The Bedford Diaries, \"Blue Bloods\", and \"Law & Order\". Jurman was born on November 6, 1979, and raised in Los Gatos, California. He graduated from Los Gatos High School in 1998. Jurman won the High School Actor of the Year Award from the American Musical Theatre of San Jose for his",
"title": "Jason Jurman"
},
{
"id": "3318727",
"text": "she starred in was 2007's \"Noise\", Moynahan appeared in \"Ramona and Beezus\", playing the mother to Joey King and Selena Gomez's characters. The film was directed by Elizabeth Allen and released in July 2010. The following year, Moynahan starred alongside Aaron Eckhart, Michelle Rodriguez, and Michael Peña in the action science-fiction feature \"\" (2011). Away from film, Moynahan stars in the CBS television drama \"Blue Bloods\", playing Assistant District Attorney Erin Reagan. In November 2009, she signed a deal with Garnier to appear in television and print advertising promoting their skincare products (Ultra-Lift). Moynahan lived with screenwriter Scott Rosenberg from",
"title": "Bridget Moynahan"
},
{
"id": "18216760",
"text": "Libby Villari Margaret Elizabeth \"Libby\" Villari (née Webb; born November 17, 1951) is an American actress. She is best known for her recurring role as Mayor Lucy Rodell on \"Friday Night Lights\". Her film appearances include \"Infamous\", \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\", \"Boys Don't Cry\", and \"The Faculty\". Born Margaret Elizabeth Webb in North Carolina, she grew up in California, later moving to Texas. Her mother was Peggy Lee (née Walters; 1931–2004) and her father was Roy Frank Webb (1924–1973). She graduated from University of North Texas with a B.A in Theatre. An active performer in the Texas theatre community, she",
"title": "Libby Villari"
},
{
"id": "18281647",
"text": "Underworld: Blood Wars Underworld: Blood Wars is a 2016 American action horror film directed by Anna Foerster (in her feature film directorial debut). It is the fifth installment in the \"Underworld\" franchise and the sequel to \"\" (2012), with Kate Beckinsale reprising her role as Selene. The main cast also includes Theo James, Lara Pulver, Tobias Menzies, Bradley James, Peter Andersson, James Faulkner, Clementine Nicholson, Daisy Head, Oliver Stark, and Charles Dance. Principal photography began on October 19, 2015, in Prague, Czech Republic. The film was released on November 24, 2016, in various countries and was subsequently released in the",
"title": "Underworld: Blood Wars"
},
{
"id": "3318717",
"text": "cast in a supporting role in \"Serendipity\" (2001). Moynahan was also featured in films \"The Sum of All Fears\" (2002), \"The Recruit\" (2003), \"I, Robot\" (2004), \"Lord of War\" (2005), \"Grey Matters\" (2006), \"Prey\" (2007), Noise (2007), \"Ramona and Beezus\" (2010), \"John Wick\" (2014), \"The Journey Home\" (2014) and \"\" (2017). She starred in the ABC television series \"Six Degrees\", which premiered in September 2006, but was taken off the schedule after just eight episodes aired. Moynahan has starred as an assistant district attorney in the CBS drama \"Blue Bloods\" since September 2010, which is currently (2018) in its ninth",
"title": "Bridget Moynahan"
},
{
"id": "14572868",
"text": "Blue Bloods (TV series) Blue Bloods is an American police procedural fictional drama series that airs on CBS. The series is filmed on location in New York City with occasional references to nearby suburbs. The series debuted on September 24, 2010, with episodes airing on Fridays following \"\" before being moved to Wednesdays at 10:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific time and 9:00 p.m. Central and Mountain time for a four-week tryout. After four weeks, it returned to its original Friday 10:00 p.m. Eastern time slot, where it has remained since. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a",
"title": "Blue Bloods (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "11433921",
"text": "Ritchie Coster Ritchie Coster (born 1 July 1967) is an English actor. He is best known for playing the roles of Dietrich Banning in \"The Tuxedo\" (2002), Chechen in \"The Dark Knight\" (2008), Elias Kassar in \"Blackhat\" (2015), Mayor Austin Chessani on the second season of the HBO anthology television series \"True Detective\" and Francisco Scaramucci / Mr. Blue on the SyFy television series \"Happy!\". Coster was born in London, England. He attended the Latymer School, Edmonton and later trained in acting at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. Coster has played varies roles throughout his career, in the",
"title": "Ritchie Coster"
},
{
"id": "18375334",
"text": "Gatos Memorial Park. Jason Jurman Jason Jurman (November 6, 1979 – October 11, 2014) was an American film, television and theater actor. He was best known for his starring role in the 2007 film, \"Cougar Club\", opposite Warren Kole, Joe Mantegna, Faye Dunaway, and Carrie Fisher. His television credits included roles in The Bedford Diaries, \"Blue Bloods\", and \"Law & Order\". Jurman was born on November 6, 1979, and raised in Los Gatos, California. He graduated from Los Gatos High School in 1998. Jurman won the High School Actor of the Year Award from the American Musical Theatre of San",
"title": "Jason Jurman"
},
{
"id": "6815062",
"text": "in Berkshire, England. She filed for divorce on February 6, 2013, after 17 years of marriage. The couple has two sons. Steven Weber (actor) Steven Robert Weber (born March 4, 1961) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Brian Hackett on the television show \"Wings\" which aired from April 1990 to May 1997 on NBC and as Sam Blue in \"Once and Again\". He had a recurring role on \"iZombie\" as Vaughn du Clark. He plays Mayor Douglas Hamilton on \"\" in a recurring role. Weber was born in Briarwood, Queens, New York. His mother,",
"title": "Steven Weber (actor)"
},
{
"id": "8295453",
"text": "Horton Hears a Who! (film) Horton Hears a Who! (also known as Dr. Seuss' Horton Hears a Who!) is a 2008 American computer animated adventure comedy film based on the book of the same name by Dr. Seuss, produced by Blue Sky Studios and distributed by 20th Century Fox. Directed by Jimmy Hayward and Steve Martino in their directorial debuts, the film's screenplay was written by Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio, and features the voices of Jim Carrey and Steve Carell as Horton the Elephant and the Mayor of Whoville, respectively, alongside Carol Burnett, Will Arnett, Seth Rogen, Isla Fisher,",
"title": "Horton Hears a Who! (film)"
},
{
"id": "4926180",
"text": "roles to date are as Dan O'Keefe in the Fox/WB sitcom \"Grounded for Life\" (2002–05) and as NYPD Deputy Commissioner of Public Information Garrett Moore on the CBS drama \"Blue Bloods\" (2010–present). Guest on Drew Carey Gregory Jbara Gregory Jbara (; born September 28, 1961) is an American film, television and stage actor, and singer. Jbara was born in Nankin Township (now Westland), Michigan, the son of an advertising office manager and an insurance claims adjuster. He is of Lebanese and Irish descent. After graduating from Wayne Memorial High School in Wayne, Michigan, Jbara attended the University of Michigan from",
"title": "Gregory Jbara"
},
{
"id": "3318716",
"text": "Bridget Moynahan Kathryn Bridget Moynahan (born April 28, 1971) is an American actress and model, best known for her role in the police drama \"Blue Bloods\". She graduated from Longmeadow High School in Massachusetts in 1989, and began pursuing a career in modeling. She appeared in department-store catalogs and magazines, and after doing television commercials, she began taking acting lessons. Moynahan made her television debut in a guest appearance in the comedy series \"Sex and the City\" in 1999, where she later had a recurring role as Natasha. She made her feature film debut in \"Coyote Ugly\" (2000). She was",
"title": "Bridget Moynahan"
},
{
"id": "11754509",
"text": "almost five-year career on the show with the show's season five finale - \"Rotten Apple (Part 2)\". Paul Bishop began his playing his part of Ben Stewart before he actually became a permanent cast member in the episode \"Nine Lives\". William McInnes left the series because of lack of his storyline in the show and moving on to further projects Recurring characters for this season include: Guest actors included Shane Connor, James Condon, John Clayton, Maggie Dence, Peter O'Brien, Shaun Micallef, Ross Williams, Grant Piro, Val Lehman, Monica Maughan, Anne Phelan, Dennis Coard, Carol Burns and Sean Scully. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude>",
"title": "Blue Heelers (season 5)"
},
{
"id": "12525239",
"text": "Cress Williams Cress Williams (born July 26, 1970) is an American actor, known for his roles in \"Prison Break\" and \"Close to Home\". His most recent roles include Mayor Lavon Hayes on The CW series \"Hart of Dixie\" as well as the title character on The CW's \"Black Lightning\". Williams is also best known for his recurring role as Terrence \"Scooter\" Williams on Fox's \"Living Single\". Williams was born in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany, to American parents. He attended Fullerton College and UCLA. On October 14, 2000, Williams married actress Simbi Khali in Malibu, California. The couple have two children",
"title": "Cress Williams"
},
{
"id": "15825257",
"text": "in 2012. She also appeared in \"Stolen\" and \"The Congress\". The former was released in 2012, and the latter in 2013. She co-starred in the 2014 film adaptation of \"Vampire Academy\", as Mia Rinaldi. Sami Gayle Sami Gayle (born January 22, 1996) is an American actress. She co-stars as Nicky Reagan in the CBS series \"Blue Bloods\". Gayle was born and raised in Weston, Florida. Her mother previously owned her own business and now works as her manager. Her father is an attorney. Gayle was home-schooled and followed Advanced Placement (AP) curriculums in all subjects. She was nationally ranked in",
"title": "Sami Gayle"
},
{
"id": "17044668",
"text": "Anthony Mangano Anthony Mangano is an Italian-American actor. He has guest starred in a number of notable television series including \"Diff'rent Strokes\", \"Who's the Boss?\", \"227\", \"Charles in Charge\", \"Step by Step\", \"Murder, She Wrote\", \"Party of Five\", \"Spin City\", \"Seinfeld\" and \"The Wire\". He also appeared recurringly on \"NYPD Blue\", \"Law & Order\", \"Rescue Me\", \"Blue Bloods\", \"Public Morals\", \"\" and \"Person of Interest\". Mangano has also appeared in the films \"Point Break\", \"8 Heads in a Duffel Bag\", \"Raising Helen\", \"Inside Man\", \"The Family\", \"Lost Cat Corona\" and \"The Dictator\", and in video games \"The Warriors\", \"Grand Theft",
"title": "Anthony Mangano"
},
{
"id": "14572275",
"text": "has been pulling double duty, appearing in the main cast of CW's superhero show \"Arrow\", as John Diggle, a military veteran who is Oliver's partner, confidant, bodyguard, and later gained an alter ego, Spartan, since the 4th season. Ramsey also stars in the TV series \"Blue Bloods\" as Mayor Carter Poole. Ramsey is an accomplished martial artist, with a black belt in Jeet Kune Do. He has also studied boxing, tae kwon do and Wing Chun, and trained in kickboxing under Benny \"Jet\" Urquidez. David Ramsey David Paul Ramsey (born November 17, 1971) is an American actor and martial artist,",
"title": "David Ramsey"
},
{
"id": "16864890",
"text": "Dominik Tiefenthaler Dominik Tiefenthaler () (born 1971) is an Austrian-German actor, mainly working in American TV and films. His work includes \"Gossip Girl\", \"The Good Wife\", \"Person of Interest\", \"Blue Bloods\", \"The Blacklist\", \"Boardwalk Empire\", and the dramatic films \"Maybe Tomorrow\" and \"An Act of War\". He has also done voice-over projects, including \"Grand Theft Auto IV\" and \"\". Dominik Tiefenthaler was born in Switzerland, to an Austrian father and a German mother. He grew up in Kreuzlingen, a small town near Zurich, with his four sisters and one brother. He enrolled in the Medical School of the University Zurich,",
"title": "Dominik Tiefenthaler"
},
{
"id": "4938960",
"text": "William McInnes Daryl William Mathew Gabriel McInnes (born 10 September 1963) is an Australian film and television actor and writer. He portrays the role of Matt Tivolli in \"The Time of Our Lives\". He is best known for his roles as Senior Constable Nick Schultz in \"Blue Heelers\" and Max Connors in \"SeaChange\". McInnes was born in Redcliffe, Queensland. He studied drama at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts and graduated in 1988. He was made a fellow of the academy in 2010. He also has a degree and honorary doctorate from Central Queensland University in Rockhampton. After a",
"title": "William McInnes"
},
{
"id": "18737524",
"text": "Glenn Fleshler Glenn Fleshler is an American theater, television, and film actor. Fleshler was born to a Jewish family and studied acting at New York University's Tisch School of the Performing Arts, from which he has an MFA. Fleshler's first major film was 1998's \"A Price Above Rubies\". More recently, he has appeared in such films as \"Blue Jasmine\", \"A Most Violent Year\", \"God's Pocket\", and \"The Rendezvous\". Fleshler's television credits include \"Billions\", \"Barry\", \"Sex and the City\", \"Law & Order\", \"\", \"Fringe\", \"Third Watch\", \"Blue Bloods\", \"Bored to Death\", \"The Good Wife\", and \"The Following\". He portrayed George Remus",
"title": "Glenn Fleshler"
},
{
"id": "18216763",
"text": "the Hip Pocket Theatre, including \"Widows\" by Ariel Dorfman. Villari is also an acting coach and works with children's literary programs. Libby Villari Margaret Elizabeth \"Libby\" Villari (née Webb; born November 17, 1951) is an American actress. She is best known for her recurring role as Mayor Lucy Rodell on \"Friday Night Lights\". Her film appearances include \"Infamous\", \"What's Eating Gilbert Grape\", \"Boys Don't Cry\", and \"The Faculty\". Born Margaret Elizabeth Webb in North Carolina, she grew up in California, later moving to Texas. Her mother was Peggy Lee (née Walters; 1931–2004) and her father was Roy Frank Webb (1924–1973).",
"title": "Libby Villari"
},
{
"id": "4666295",
"text": "Busy Philipps Elizabeth Jean \"Busy\" Philipps (born June 25, 1979) is an American actress, writer, producer, and director. She is known for her roles on the television series \"Freaks and Geeks\" (1999–2000), \"Dawson's Creek\" (2001–03) and \"ER\" (2006–07), and for her portrayal of Laurie Keller on the ABC series \"Cougar Town\" (2009–15), for which she received a Critics' Choice Television Award. She has also appeared in numerous films, such as \"The Smokers\" (2000), \"Home Room\" (2002), \"White Chicks\" (2004), \"Made of Honor\" (2008), \"He's Just Not That into You\" (2009), \"The Gift\" (2015), and \"I Feel Pretty\" (2018). Philipps was",
"title": "Busy Philipps"
},
{
"id": "11754541",
"text": "Blue Heelers (season 7) The seventh season of the Australian police-drama Blue Heelers premiered on the Seven Network on 9 February 2000 and aired on Wednesday nights at 8:30 pm. The 41-episode season concluded 22 November 2000. Main cast for this season consisted of: Notable guest actors for this season included Paul Dawber, Alan Hopgood, Olivia Hamnett, Kate Hood, Ian Rawlings, Andy Anderson, Dennis Coard, Roger Oakley, Betty Lucas, James Condon, Alex Papps, Mary Ward, Tommy Dysart, Maggie Kirkpatrick, Joy Westmore, Alyce Platt, Jeremy Angerson, Sean Scully, Zoe Bertram, Wendy Strehlow and Nicki Paull. Maggie, aided by PJ and her",
"title": "Blue Heelers (season 7)"
},
{
"id": "19504582",
"text": "Damien Richardson (actor) Damien Richardson (born 2 August 1969) is an Australian film, television and theatre actor and writer. A graduate from the Victorian College of the Arts, Richardson has appeared in a variety of Australian films and television shows, including \"Blue Heelers\", \"McLeod's Daughters\", \"Redball\", \"The Hard Word\", \"Rogue\", \"Conspiracy 365\" and \"Wentworth\". He and co-writer Luke Elliot won the Best New Comedy-Drama award at the Melbourne Fringe Festival for their play \"The Belly Of The Whale\". One of Richardson's best known roles is Detective Matt Ryan in the crime drama \"City Homicide\", which he played from 2007 until",
"title": "Damien Richardson (actor)"
},
{
"id": "7606481",
"text": "Craig Robinson (actor) Craig Phillip Robinson (born October 25, 1971) is an American actor, comedian, and singer. He is best known for his roles as Darryl Philbin on \"The Office\" (2005–2013), Doug Judy (the \"Pontiac Bandit\") on \"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\" (2013–) and Matheson in \"Pineapple Express\" (2008). Robinson has appeared in numerous other television shows and films including \"Zack and Miri Make a Porno\" (2008), \"Hot Tub Time Machine\" (2010), \"This Is the End\" (2013), and \"Sausage Party\" (2016). Robinson was born in Chicago, Illinois, to a music teacher mother and an attorney father. He was raised on the South Side",
"title": "Craig Robinson (actor)"
},
{
"id": "11754631",
"text": "1.9 million and it continues to decrease <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> Season 9 Parts 1 and 2 was released on 3 November 2009. Blue Heelers (season 9) The ninth season of the Australian police-drama \"Blue Heelers\" premiered on the Seven Network on 13 February 2002 and aired on Wednesday nights at 8:30 pm. The 41-episode season concluded 20 November 2002. Main cast for this season consisted of: Notable guest actors this season included Ailsa Piper, Alan David Lee, John Orcsik, Leslie Dayman, Margot Knight, Justine Saunders, Jane Badler, Elspeth Ballantyne, Peter Sumner, Shaunna O'Grady, Kate Jason, Alethea McGrath, Marg Downey, Monica Maughan,",
"title": "Blue Heelers (season 9)"
},
{
"id": "19880330",
"text": "1986 to 1988, and again from 2008 to 2009. She has also guest starred on \"Law & Order\", \"Forever\", \"New York Undercover\", \"Seinfeld\", \"Mad About You\", and \"Blue Bloods\". Her \"Seinfeld\" episode, \"The Alternate Side,\" was selected as one of Seinfeld’s top ten episodes by \"Rolling Stone\". In film, she played supporting roles in \"Mystic Pizza\" and \"The Next Big Thing\". Zarish was born in Chicago, Illinois. She is married to actor Mark Blum. Janet Zarish Janet Zarish is an American actress known for her work in television, movies and the theatre. She is Associate Arts Professor and Head of",
"title": "Janet Zarish"
},
{
"id": "11754630",
"text": "Blue Heelers (season 9) The ninth season of the Australian police-drama \"Blue Heelers\" premiered on the Seven Network on 13 February 2002 and aired on Wednesday nights at 8:30 pm. The 41-episode season concluded 20 November 2002. Main cast for this season consisted of: Notable guest actors this season included Ailsa Piper, Alan David Lee, John Orcsik, Leslie Dayman, Margot Knight, Justine Saunders, Jane Badler, Elspeth Ballantyne, Peter Sumner, Shaunna O'Grady, Kate Jason, Alethea McGrath, Marg Downey, Monica Maughan, Lois Collinder and Annie Jones. the show really started to decline around this season from its usual 2.5 million down to",
"title": "Blue Heelers (season 9)"
},
{
"id": "11754636",
"text": "Blue Heelers (season 10) The tenth season of the Australian police-drama Blue Heelers premiered on the Seven Network on 12 February 2003 and aired on Wednesday nights at 8:30 PM. The 42-episode season concluded 26 November 2003. Main cast for this season consisted of: Guest actors this season included Betty Bobbitt, Robert Grubb, Jeremy Lindsay Taylor, Richard Cawthorne, Lisa Crittenden, Maggie Millar, Betty Lucas, Paul Mercurio, Lynda Gibson, Ian Rawlings, Colette Mann, Ernie Bourne, Lyndel Rowe and Andrew Clarke. The show was at an all-time low rating, down from 1.9 million–1.7 million, and the director and producers are thinking about",
"title": "Blue Heelers (season 10)"
},
{
"id": "12934166",
"text": "Richard Short (actor) Richard Ian Porterfield Short (born 8 October 1975) is an English actor based in Los Angeles. He is starring in the 2017 TV drama series \"Mary Kills People\". In 2017 he appeared in the independent film \"The Dare\" and in 2016 \"Crazy Famous\". On television he has had recurring roles on \"Vinyl\" and \"Covert Affairs\" and has appeared on \"American Horror Story\", \"White Collar\", and \"Blue Bloods\". Short has appeared in more than 30 films and television shows in the USA and UK. On Broadway, he was a member of the 2011 company of Jez Butterworth's \"Jerusalem\"",
"title": "Richard Short (actor)"
},
{
"id": "20907799",
"text": "continue to receive \"also starring\" billing for season 9. Gregory Jbara as Deputy Commissioner of Public Information Garrett Moore, Robert Clohessy as Lt. Sidney Gormley, and Abigail Hawk as Detective Abigail Baker, Frank's primary aide, appear regularly and receive \"special guest star\" billing. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Blue Bloods (season 9) The ninth season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 28, 2018. Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan), Will Estes (Jamie Reagan), and Len Cariou (Henry Reagan) are first credited. Sami Gayle (Nicky Reagan-Boyle) is credited next,",
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 9)"
},
{
"id": "20183067",
"text": "average, assigned a score of 72 out of 100 based on 19 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". The Mayor (TV series) The Mayor was an American sitcom television series, created by Jeremy Bronson. The series was produced by ABC Studios, with Bronson serving as showrunner. It aired on ABC from October 3 to December 12, 2017. The series stars Brandon Micheal Hall as Courtney Rose, an aspiring rapper who unwittingly becomes the mayor of his hometown after running to gain publicity for his music. Lea Michele and Yvette Nicole Brown also star, with newcomers Bernard David Jones and Marcel Spears.",
"title": "The Mayor (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "16336736",
"text": "Young Bo in the Campbell Scott-directed film \"Off the Map\" co-starring with Sam Elliott and Joan Allen. She has had number of acting roles in television series filmed in New York City area. Those series include \"Love Monkey\", \"Law & Order\", \"\", \"Blue Bloods\" and \"Person of Interest\". Along with having recurring roles in \"Gossip Girl\" and \"As the World Turns\" in 2009 and 2010, respectively. In 2009, she made a guest appearance in \"\". Her other film credits include \"Bereavement\", \"Camp Hope\" (also known as \"Camp Hell\") and \"It's Kind of a Funny Story\". All of which were released",
"title": "Valentina de Angelis"
},
{
"id": "20614427",
"text": "After Everything After Everything (originally titled Shotgun) is an 2018 American comedy drama film, written and directed by Hannah Marks and Joey Power. It stars Jeremy Allen White, Maika Monroe, DeRon Horton, Sasha Lane, Dean Winters, Gina Gershon and Marisa Tomei. It had its world premiere on South by Southwest on March 9, 2018. It was released on October 12, 2018, by Good Deed Entertainment, to positive critical reception. In March 2017, it was announced Jeremy Allen White and Maika Monroe, had been cast in the film, with Hannah Marks and Joey Power directing from a screenplay they wrote. Jordan",
"title": "After Everything"
},
{
"id": "8201684",
"text": "Robert Clohessy Robert Clohessy (born June 10, 1957) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Correctional Officer Sean Murphy on the HBO prison drama \"Oz\" from seasons 3-6, in addition to playing Warden Boss James Neary on the HBO crime drama \"Boardwalk Empire\" for the first two seasons and Lieutenant Sid Gormley on police drama \"Blue Bloods\". Clohessy was born in the Bronx, New York, the son of John Clohessy, a police officer. He graduated from SUNY Purchase. He fought in the 1975 Golden Gloves in Madison Square Garden. He graduated from Pearl River High School in",
"title": "Robert Clohessy"
},
{
"id": "19504588",
"text": "in \"Nowhere Boys\". Damien Richardson (actor) Damien Richardson (born 2 August 1969) is an Australian film, television and theatre actor and writer. A graduate from the Victorian College of the Arts, Richardson has appeared in a variety of Australian films and television shows, including \"Blue Heelers\", \"McLeod's Daughters\", \"Redball\", \"The Hard Word\", \"Rogue\", \"Conspiracy 365\" and \"Wentworth\". He and co-writer Luke Elliot won the Best New Comedy-Drama award at the Melbourne Fringe Festival for their play \"The Belly Of The Whale\". One of Richardson's best known roles is Detective Matt Ryan in the crime drama \"City Homicide\", which he played",
"title": "Damien Richardson (actor)"
},
{
"id": "16559296",
"text": "of the season. In a deal with CBS Studios International, the series was acquired by the UK channel Sky Atlantic on January 5, 2011 and was one of the first series to air on the new channel, which launched on February 1, 2011. The series was created by Mitchell Burgess and Robin Green and executive produced by Burgess, Green, producer Leonard Goldberg and director Michael Cuesta. The show was initially run by director Ken Sanzel, but Sanzel left in August 2010 amid alleged creative tension with series star Tom Selleck. Staff directors for the season include Cuesta, Félix Alcalá, Jan",
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "20962026",
"text": "A day later, it was announced that Joel Fields had joined the production as an additional writer and executive producer. Alongside the series order announcement, it was confirmed that Sam Rockwell and Michelle Williams had been cast in the lead roles of Bob Fosse and Gwen Verdon, respectively. On November 19, 2018, it was announced Margaret Qualley and Norbert Leo Butz had been cast in series regular roles and that Aya Cash, Nate Corddry, Susan Misner, Bianca Marroquín, Kelli Barrett, Evan Handler, Rick Holmes, Paul Reiser, Ethan Slater, Byron Jennings, and Laura Osnes had joined the cast cast in a",
"title": "Fosse/Verdon"
},
{
"id": "14875836",
"text": "Bryan T. Donovan Bryan T. Donovan is an American actor/writer/producer who appeared on the first season of \"Thintervention with Jackie Warner\", a docu-series about health and fitness on BRAVO. Donovan was born in Sterling Heights, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit and graduated high school from the prestigious Interlochen Arts Academy where he majored in theatre. Donovan’s first television job was a recurring role on the ABC soap opera \"All My Children\". Other television appearances include \"Law & Order\", \"Medium\", \"Nite Tales; The Series\", \"Boardwalk Empire\", and \"Blue Bloods\". New York City productions include \"Strike Up the Band\", \"Li'l Abner\" and",
"title": "Bryan T. Donovan"
},
{
"id": "12141605",
"text": "Heidi Arena Heidi Arena is an Australian actress who is best known as for her roles as Dawn McConnichie in the comedy series \"The Librarians\", Ms Gonsha in the children's television series \"Little Lunch\" and Audrey Gordon in \"Audrey's Kitchen\". Arena graduated from the National Institute of Dramatic Art in 2003 and has since had many roles in television and theatre. She has two children with her art director husband Mick, a daughter Dora and a son Miles. Arena had a recurring role in the drama series \"Blue Heelers\" as Captain Marissa Craddock in 2003 and 2004 and a supporting",
"title": "Heidi Arena"
},
{
"id": "20614429",
"text": "Metacritic the film scored 67 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". After Everything After Everything (originally titled Shotgun) is an 2018 American comedy drama film, written and directed by Hannah Marks and Joey Power. It stars Jeremy Allen White, Maika Monroe, DeRon Horton, Sasha Lane, Dean Winters, Gina Gershon and Marisa Tomei. It had its world premiere on South by Southwest on March 9, 2018. It was released on October 12, 2018, by Good Deed Entertainment, to positive critical reception. In March 2017, it was announced Jeremy Allen White and Maika Monroe, had been cast",
"title": "After Everything"
},
{
"id": "18836265",
"text": "Craig McCracken, the creator of the original series, would not work on the series. McCracken has stated on Twitter that the executives at Cartoon Network had considered bringing him back to do the reboot, but his contract with Disney prevented him from doing so. Amanda Leighton, Kristen Li, and Natalie Palamides were announced as the new voice actors of the main characters, playing Blossom, Bubbles, and Buttercup, respectively, replacing the original voice actors Cathy Cavadini, Tara Strong, and Elizabeth Daily. However, Tom Kenny reprises his roles as the Mayor and narrator, while Tom Kane reprises his roles as Professor Utonium",
"title": "The Powerpuff Girls (2016 TV series)"
},
{
"id": "20183063",
"text": "The Mayor (TV series) The Mayor was an American sitcom television series, created by Jeremy Bronson. The series was produced by ABC Studios, with Bronson serving as showrunner. It aired on ABC from October 3 to December 12, 2017. The series stars Brandon Micheal Hall as Courtney Rose, an aspiring rapper who unwittingly becomes the mayor of his hometown after running to gain publicity for his music. Lea Michele and Yvette Nicole Brown also star, with newcomers Bernard David Jones and Marcel Spears. The pilot was ordered to series by ABC on May 11, 2017. Despite receiving positive reviews from",
"title": "The Mayor (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "14175223",
"text": "Michael Pressman Michael Pressman is an American film and television producer and director whose credits over his decades long career include the successful television series \" Blue Bloods, Picket Fences, Elementary,\" and the Emmy nominated \"\" as well as the feature films \"Doctor Detroit, Boulevard Nights,\" and \"Some Kind of Hero\". Pressman was born in 1950 to actors David Pressman and Sasha Pressman. After graduating from Manhattan’s High School of Music and Art, he earned a drama degree from Carnegie-Mellon University. After relocating to Los Angeles, Pressmen received a B.F.A. in film from the California Institute of the Arts where",
"title": "Michael Pressman"
},
{
"id": "5362843",
"text": "Rachel Gordon Rachel Gordon (Born 10 May 1976) is an Australian actress. Gordon was born in Brisbane, Australia, the daughter of Donna Gordon. Her great-grandfather was Prime Minister Joseph Lyons, and her great-grandmother was, Dame Enid Lyons, who was the first woman in the Australian parliament. Gordon is a 1997 graduate of the National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) in Sydney. Since her graduation, she has combined stage acting with various roles in Australian television and films. Gordon played Detective Senior Constable Amy Fox in the long-running television show \"Blue Heelers\", from 2004 to 2006. She appeared in long-running soap",
"title": "Rachel Gordon"
},
{
"id": "19411895",
"text": "Blue Bloods (season 7) The seventh season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 23, 2016. The season concluded on May 5, 2017. Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan), Will Estes (Jamie Reagan), and Len Cariou (Henry Reagan) are first credited. Amy Carlson (Linda Reagan) and Sami Gayle (Nicky Reagan-Boyle) are credited next, marking the third season they have been included in the opening credits. Tom Selleck (Frank Reagan) receives an \"and\" billing at the close of the main title sequence. Marisa Ramirez, as Danny's",
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 7)"
},
{
"id": "19411896",
"text": "partner Detective Maria Baez, and Vanessa Ray, as Jamie’s partner Eddie Janko, continue to receive \"also starring\" billing for season 7. Appearing regularly and receiving \"special guest star\" billing are Gregory Jbara as Deputy Commissioner of Public Information Garrett Moore, Robert Clohessy as Lt. Sidney Gormley, and Abigail Hawk as Detective Baker, Frank's primary aide. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Blue Bloods (season 7) The seventh season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 23, 2016. The season concluded on May 5, 2017. Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan),",
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 7)"
},
{
"id": "8236726",
"text": "on October 4,2006; her son, born on August 27, 2009; and her long-time partner Syd Butler, bass guitar player of the 8G Band on \"Late Night with Seth Meyers\", and of indie rock band Les Savy Fav and owner of the independent label Frenchkiss Records. Amy Carlson Amy Lynn Carlson (born July 7, 1968) is an American television actress, known for her roles as Linda Reagan in the CBS police procedural \"Blue Bloods\", as Alex Taylor on the NBC drama \"Third Watch\", and Josie Watts in the NBC daytime soap opera \"Another World\". Carlson was born in Glen Ellyn, Illinois.",
"title": "Amy Carlson"
},
{
"id": "16559299",
"text": "academy. Len Cariou played Frank's father Henry Reagan, a retired police commissioner and former Marine who, like Danny, is very vocal about his political beliefs. In addition to the regular cast, the season also featured actors who received the \"also starring\" billing, appearing in almost every episode of the season. Jennifer Esposito portrayed Jackie Curatola, an NYPD detective at the precinct and Danny's partner. Nicholas Turturro portrayed Sergeant Anthony Renzulli, Jamie's partner and mentor, who had been a partner of Joe Reagan. Several recurring characters appeared in the first season. Amy Carlson appeared as Linda Reagan, Danny's wife and mother",
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "20122770",
"text": "Menendez: Blood Brothers Menendez: Blood Brothers is a 2017 television film directed by Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato, written by Abdi Nazemian, and starring Courtney Love, Nico Tortorella, Benito Martinez, and Myko Olivier. The film is based on the lives of Lyle and Erik Menendez, two brothers who were convicted of murdering their parents in Beverly Hills, California in 1989. It aired on the Lifetime network in North America on June 11, 2017. On January 31, 2017, it was announced that Courtney Love had joined the cast of the film. The film was shot in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, between",
"title": "Menendez: Blood Brothers"
},
{
"id": "3436856",
"text": "Joely Richardson Joely Kim Richardson (born 9 January 1965) is an English actress, known for her role as Julia McNamara in the FX drama series \"Nip/Tuck\" (2003–10), and Queen Catherine Parr in the Showtime series \"The Tudors\" (2010). She has also appeared in films such as \"101 Dalmatians\" (1996), \"Event Horizon\" (1997), \"The Patriot\" (2000), \"Return to Me\" (2000), \"Anonymous\" (2011), the Hollywood film adaptation \"The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\" (2011), and the remake of \"Endless Love\" (2014). Richardson was born in Marylebone, London, to the theatrical Redgrave family, the daughter of actress Vanessa Redgrave and director Tony Richardson,",
"title": "Joely Richardson"
},
{
"id": "9171732",
"text": "Nestor Carbonell Néstor Gastón Carbonell (; born December 1, 1967) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. He came to prominence for his role as Luis Rivera in the NBC sitcom \"Suddenly Susan\". He is known for his roles as Richard Alpert in the ABC drama series \"Lost\" and Sheriff Alex Romero in the A&E drama series \"Bates Motel\". Carbonell also starred as Mayor Anthony Garcia in Christopher Nolan's superhero films \"The Dark Knight\" (2008) and \"The Dark Knight Rises\" (2012). Carbonell was born in New York City to Cuban parents Néstor Tulio Carbonell Cortina and Rosa Ramírez de Arellano",
"title": "Nestor Carbonell"
},
{
"id": "9563589",
"text": "Otto Sanchez Otto Sanchez is an American actor best known for playing Carmen Guerra in the HBO prison drama \"Oz\". He also played the role of Otto in the short-lived drama \"Kidnapped\". He appeared as a supporting character in \"Bad Boys II\". He played the lead role of Paul in the film \"Push\" which won awards at The Long Island Film Festival. He has also been seen in NBC's \"Law & Order\", \"\", \"\", \"Third Watch\", \"100 Centre Street\", \"Burn Notice\" and most recently \"Blue Bloods\". Sanchez, a native New Yorker, was raised by his mother, Violeta Zoila Carbajal, in",
"title": "Otto Sanchez"
},
{
"id": "10588526",
"text": "Jessica Blank Jessica Blank (born in 1975 in New Haven, Connecticut), is an American actress, writer, and director who works in film, television, and theater. Blank grew up in New Haven and Washington, D.C., and attended Macalester College and the University of Minnesota. In 2001, she married the actor and playwright Erik Jensen. and they frequently collaborate professionally, primarily as writing partners for theater, film and television. As an actress, Jessica appeared regularly in CBS' \"Made in Jersey\". She has also appeared on \"Blue Bloods\", \"Elementary\", \"The Following\", \"The Mentalist\", HBO’s \"High Maintenance\", \"Bored to Death\", \"Rescue Me\", \"\", \"The",
"title": "Jessica Blank"
},
{
"id": "20365424",
"text": "Blue Bloods (season 8) The eighth season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 29, 2017. The season contained 22 episodes and concluded on May 11, 2018. Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan), Will Estes (Jamie Reagan), and Len Cariou (Henry Reagan) are first credited. Sami Gayle (Nicky Reagan-Boyle) is credited next, marking the fourth season she has been included in the opening credits. Tom Selleck (Frank Reagan) receives an \"and\" billing at the close of the main title sequence. Amy Carlson (Linda Reagan) left",
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 8)"
},
{
"id": "5752619",
"text": "Grant Bowler Grant Bowler (born 18 July 1968) is a New Zealand-born Australian actor who has worked in American, Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian film, television, and theatre. He is known for playing the role of Constable Wayne Patterson in \"Blue Heelers\" and Wolfgang West in \"Outrageous Fortune\". He also appeared as Wilhelmina Slater's love interest Connor Owens in \"Ugly Betty\". In 2010, he hosted \"The Amazing Race Australia\". He starred as Joshua Nolan on the Syfy television series \"Defiance\". Bowler has been the voiceover for \"\" for the Seven Network since 2004. He also provided the voiceover for a",
"title": "Grant Bowler"
},
{
"id": "11754618",
"text": "Blue Heelers (season 8) The eighth season of the Australian police-drama Blue Heelers premiered on the Seven Network on 21 February 2001 and aired on Wednesday nights at 8:30 PM. The 41-episode season concluded 28 November 2001. Main cast for this season consisted of: Notable guest actors who appeared in this season included Carol Burns, Richard Cawthorne, Norman Yemm, Val Lehman, David Clencie, Simon Burke, Terry Gill, Alethea McGrath, Gary Sweet, Rhys Muldoon, Gary Day, Lisa Crittenden, Julia Blake, Alan Hopgood, Gerard Kennedy, Lesley Baker and Kirsty Child. Jack is beginning to get the hang of his legs again after",
"title": "Blue Heelers (season 8)"
},
{
"id": "3912507",
"text": "because of low ratings and the identity of the murderer would not be revealed. Estes portrayed Jack Kerouac in the 2007 short film \"Luz Del Mundo\", written by Ty Roberts and David Trimble, directed by Ty Roberts, and produced by Ryan McWhirter and John Pitts. He has also appeared in a couple of photographs, in the books \"Hollywood Splash\" and \"Men Before 10 AM Too\". He was nominated four times for one award, the Young Artist Awards for \"The New Lassie\" and \"Kirk\". Since 2010, Estes has played Officer Jamie Reagan in the TV series \"Blue Bloods\". Will Estes William",
"title": "Will Estes"
},
{
"id": "19440508",
"text": "Kingsman: The Golden Circle Kingsman: The Golden Circle is a 2017 action spy comedy film produced and directed by Matthew Vaughn and written by Vaughn and Jane Goldman. It is a sequel to \"\" (2014) which is based on the comic book series \"Kingsman\", created by Dave Gibbons and Mark Millar. The film features Colin Firth, Taron Egerton, Mark Strong, Edward Holcroft, Hanna Alström and Sophie Cookson reprising their roles from the first film with Julianne Moore, Halle Berry, Pedro Pascal, Elton John, Channing Tatum and Jeff Bridges joining the cast. The plot follows the members of Kingsman needing to",
"title": "Kingsman: The Golden Circle"
},
{
"id": "20091390",
"text": "Hodgkinson, Stuart Graham, Gerard Horan, Carla Langley, Des McAleer, Conor MacNeill, Rob Malone, Dearbhla Molloy, Eugene O'Hare and Niall Wright. The production transferred to the Gielgud Theatre, opening on 29 June 2017, following previews from 20 June. After a first cast change on 9 October 2017 with William Houston (Quinn Carney), Sarah Greene (Caitlin Carney), Ivan Kaye (Tom Kettle) and others joining the company, a second cast change took place on 8 January 2018, featuring Rosalie Craig, Owen McDonnell (as Quinn Carney), Laurie Kynaston (as Oisin Carney) and Justin Edwards. The production closed on 19 May 2018. The production transferred",
"title": "The Ferryman (play)"
},
{
"id": "19263222",
"text": "film stars Dakota Goyo (\"Real Steel\"), Goran Visnjic (“ER”) and Bridget Moynahan (\"Blue Bloods\"). written by the Academy Award winner Hugh Hudson. The film is now available on all major US Digital Accounts and DVD,and distributed theatrically in over 35 countries. Brando Quilici Brando Quilici is an independent Italian filmmaker whose career spans over two decades, during which he has worked on many specials for American networks including the National Geographic Channel, Discovery Channel, PBS [NOVA] and European networks including Channel 4, ZDF, France 5, Rai. He has won many awards, including prizes at the Jackson Hole Film Festival and",
"title": "Brando Quilici"
},
{
"id": "3057124",
"text": "Alan Ruck Alan Douglas Ruck (born July 1, 1956) is an American actor. He played Cameron Frye, Ferris Bueller's hypochondriac best friend in John Hughes' \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" (1986), and Stuart Bondek, the lecherous, power-hungry member of the mayor's staff in the ABC sitcom \"Spin City\". His other notable films include \"Bad Boys\" (1983), \"Three Fugitives\" (1989), \"Young Guns II\" (1990), \"Speed\" (1994), \"Twister\" (1996), and \"Kickin' It Old Skool\" (2007). In 2016, he co-starred with Geena Davis in an updated Fox TV adaptation of William Peter Blatty's best-selling novel \"The Exorcist.\" Ruck was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to",
"title": "Alan Ruck"
},
{
"id": "14572871",
"text": "Detective 1st Grade Abigail Baker, the Primary Aide to the Commissioner, and later Lieutenant Sidney Gormley, the Special Assistant to the Commissioner and \"de facto\" Chief of Department; Danny with Detective Maria Baez; Jamie with Officer Edit \"Eddie\" Janko; and Erin with Detective Anthony Abetemarco in the DA's office. Both Henry's and Frank's wives, Betty and Mary, are deceased. Erin is divorced and has one college student daughter, Nicky, who lives with her. Danny is a widower with two sons named Jack and Sean; he was married to Linda, a nurse who was killed offscreen between seasons 7 and 8.",
"title": "Blue Bloods (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "2801549",
"text": "in \"Day of the Iguana,\" an episode of \"Nurse Jackie\", which reunited her with her \"Sopranos\" co-star Edie Falco. She played Laura Vargas, the titular character's lawyer. In 2013, Turturro appeared in the fourth-season episode \"Drawing Dead\" of \"Blue Bloods\". Between 2013 and 2016, she appeared in seven episodes of \"\" as Judge Felicia Catano. In 2016, Turturro appeared as Maura Figgis, sister of gangster Jimmy \"The Butcher\" Figgis on the Fox police procedural sitcom, \"Brooklyn Nine-Nine\". In 2017, Turturro appeared in \"Il Mostro\" in the second season of \"\". Aida Turturro Aida Turturro (born September 25, 1962) is an",
"title": "Aida Turturro"
},
{
"id": "15666385",
"text": "Kate Atkinson (actress) Kate Atkinson (born 28 June 1972) is an Australian film, television and theatre actress. She is best known for her roles on television series \"SeaChange\" as police officer Karen Miller and \"Offspring\" as Renee. Since 2013, she has appeared in a regular role in \"Wentworth\" as Deputy Governor (later Governor) Vera Bennett. Atkinson has also had regular roles in the television series \"Fat Cow Motel\", \"Blue Heelers\", \"The Cooks\" and \"Kath & Kim\". Film roles include \"Japanese Story\", \"The Hard Word\" and \"The Jammed\". Kate Atkinson was born in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, Australia on 28 June 1972",
"title": "Kate Atkinson (actress)"
},
{
"id": "20752616",
"text": "Andi Matichak Andi Matichak (born May 3, 1995) is an American actress. She has appeared in such television series as \"666 Park Avenue\", \"Orange Is the New Black\" and \"Blue Bloods\". She stars as Allyson Nelson in the horror film \"Halloween\" (2018), a direct sequel to the 1978 original film of the same name. Matichak was born in Framingham, Massachusetts, but raised in the suburbs of Chicago, Illinois. She attended St. Francis High School in Wheaton, Illinois. During a summer while still in high school, Matichak worked as a model in Greece, where she met a talent agent who encouraged",
"title": "Andi Matichak"
},
{
"id": "19875025",
"text": "world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2017. \"Lemon\" received mixed reviews from film critics. It holds a 56% approval rating on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 39 reviews, with a weighted average of 4.8 out of 10. Lemon (2017 film) Lemon is an American comedy-drama film directed by Janicza Bravo, from a screenplay by Bravo and Brett Gelman. It stars Gelman, Judy Greer, Michael Cera, Shiri Appleby, Fred Melamed, Rhea Perlman, David Paymer, Gillian Jacobs, Jon Daly, Martin Starr, Megan Mullally, Jeff Garlin, Elizabeth De Razzo, Marla Gibbs and Nia Long. The film had",
"title": "Lemon (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "5886812",
"text": "Caroline Goodall Caroline Cruice Goodall (born 13 November 1959) is an English actress and screenwriter. She was nominated for AFI Awards for her roles in the 1989 miniseries \"Cassidy\", and the 1995 film \"Hotel Sorrento\". Her other film appearances include \"Hook\" (1991), \"Cliffhanger\" (1993), \"Schindler's List\" (1993), \"Disclosure\" (1994), \"White Squall\" (1996), \"The Princess Diaries\" (2001) and \"The Dressmaker\" (2015). Goodall was born in London to a publisher father and journalist mother. She attended St Leonards-Mayfield School and graduated (1981) with a Bachelor of Arts in Drama and English from Bristol University, alongside fellow screenwriters Jeremy Brock. Caroline was a",
"title": "Caroline Goodall"
},
{
"id": "19113942",
"text": "Barry Del Sherman Barry Del Sherman (born November 10, 1962) is an American stage, film, and television actor. Sherman has been married to actress Georgina Reskala since 2005. Sherman is known for roles in such films as Clive Barker's \"Lord of Illusions\"; Brad Dupree, the executive who fires Lester Burnham (Kevin Spacey) in \"American Beauty\"; and H. B. Ailman, Daniel Plainview's (Daniel Day-Lewis) business partner in \"There Will Be Blood\". His television acting includes guest appearances on \"Law & Order\", \"\", \"\", and \"The Bridge\". Sherman has appeared onstage in Marlane Meyer's \"The Mystery of Attraction\" at Tribeca Playhouse in",
"title": "Barry Del Sherman"
},
{
"id": "3562915",
"text": "Jennifer Esposito Jennifer Esposito (born April 11, 1973) is an American actress and author. She is known for her roles in the feature films \"Crash\", \"Summer of Sam\", \"Don't Say a Word\", \"Taxi\"and \"Welcome to Collinwood\". Esposito has also appeared in several television series, most notably \"Spin City\", \"Related\", \"Samantha Who?\", \"Blue Bloods\", and \"Mistresses\". From 2016 to 2017, Esposito played Special Agent Alexandra Quinn on the CBS series \"NCIS\". Esposito was born on April 11, 1973, in New York City, into a working class household, the second of two daughters of Phyllis, an interior decorator, and Robert Esposito, a",
"title": "Jennifer Esposito"
},
{
"id": "11751780",
"text": "Day marathon on the Universal Channel. For this season, the producers made the choice to make no changes to the main cast, all of whom featured in all eleven episodes of the season. The main cast for this season consists of: Guest actors for season thirteen included Roy Billing, Jacinta Stapleton, Elly Varrenti, Marcus Graham, Ian Roberts, Bernard Curry, Spencer McLaren, Kane Alexander, Joshua Lawson and Damian Walshe-Howling.<ref name=\"episode13.9/13.10\"></ref> Due to Tom's illness, Falcon-Price takes over the operation of the station and the team must deal with his constant presence and the pressure which they are put under. Falcon-Price's constant",
"title": "Blue Heelers (season 13)"
},
{
"id": "2801704",
"text": "the CBS show \"Blue Bloods\". He appeared as an executive in the 2000 film The Yards and Grimaldi also voices \"Frank\" for the bestselling computer game \"Mafia\". Grimaldi has a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Fordham University, a master's degree in operations research from New York University, and a Ph.D. in data processing from the City University of New York, and teaches in the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science at Kingsborough Community College in Brooklyn, New York. Dan Grimaldi Daniel \"Dan\" Grimaldi (born January 20, 1952) is an American actor and mathematics professor who is known for his roles",
"title": "Dan Grimaldi"
},
{
"id": "3056850",
"text": "her deceased father, Admiral Janeway. In 2010, Cariou appeared as Madoff-like Ponzi scheme man Louis Tobin in FX's drama \"Damages\", the main antagonist in season three. Cariou has appeared in episodes of \"The West Wing\", \"Law & Order\", \"The Practice\", and \"The Outer Limits\". He had a continuing role in 2006–2007 as power broker Judd Fitzgerald in the Showtime series \"Brotherhood\". He currently appears as Henry Reagan, the former NYC police commissioner and patriarch of the current commissioner's family, on \"Blue Bloods\". Cariou's film credits include \"One Man\", \"Flags of Our Fathers\", \"About Schmidt\", \"Thirteen Days\", \"The Four Seasons\", the",
"title": "Len Cariou"
},
{
"id": "3550737",
"text": "number of well-known Australian actors frequently appeared as either recurring or semi-regular characters. These included Terry Gill as Superintendent Clive Adamson, Neil Pigot as Inspector Russel Falcon-Price, Jeremy Kewley as Mt Thomas journalist Tony Timms, Frankie J. Holden as Snr. Det. Jack Woodley, Catherine Wilkin, Debra Lawrance, Emily Browning, Josh Lawson, along with Suzi Dougherty as Dr. Mel Carter, Peta Doodson as Inspector Monica Draper, Beth Buchanan as Susan Croydon, Michael Isaacs as Clancy Freeman, and the late Reg Evans as Keith Purvis. Many other notable actors also had one-off or recurring guest roles in \"Blue Heelers\" including Shane Bourne,",
"title": "Blue Heelers"
},
{
"id": "14572875",
"text": "two was moved from the network's primary SD channel to its HD channel \"one\" alongside \"White Collar\", then on August 26, 2013, the show moved back to the primary SD channel on Mondays for season three. In New Zealand, the show premieres on July 13, 2013 on \"TV3\"\" \"replacing in a primetime Saturday slot after \"\". On October 20, 2012, CBS announced that Jennifer Esposito was being dropped from the series, with her character, Detective Curatola, being placed on indefinite leave of absence. Esposito and CBS had been at odds over her limited availability for work after the actress was",
"title": "Blue Bloods (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "8898347",
"text": "Lee Wallace (actor) Lee Wallace (born July 15, 1930) is an American actor of film, stage, and television. Wallace was born as Leo Melis in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Celia (née Gross) and Eddie Melis. His movie roles include more than a dozen productions big and small, including \"Klute\" (1971), \"The Hot Rock\" (1972), \"The Taking of Pelham One Two Three\" (1974) as the Mayor of New York City, \"The Happy Hooker\" (1975), \"Diary of the Dead\" (1976), \"Thieves\" (1977), \"Private Benjamin\" (1980) as Mr. Waxman, \"World War III\" (1982), \"Daniel\" (1983), \"Batman\" (1989) as Gotham City's Mayor",
"title": "Lee Wallace (actor)"
},
{
"id": "11754094",
"text": "Blue Heelers (season 3) The third season of the Australian police-drama Blue Heelers premiered on the Seven Network on 12 February 1996 and aired on Monday nights, and later Tuesday nights, at 8:30 PM. The 42-episode season concluded 26 November 1996. Main cast for this season consisted of: Semi-regular cast members for this season include: Notable guest stars included Frances O'Connor, Marg Downey, Lee Kernaghan, Radha Mitchell, Terry Gill, Raelee Hill, Louise Siversen, Rhys Muldoon, David Wenham, Norman Yemm, Andrew Blackman, Frankie J. Holden, Anne Phelan, Annie Jones, Asher Keddie, and Andrew McKaige. With Grant Bowler's exit from the show,",
"title": "Blue Heelers (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "9050352",
"text": "Peta Doodson Peta Doodson (6 November 1955) is an Australian television actress. She is probably best known for playing the hardline Inspector Monica Draper in the police drama series \"Blue Heelers\". Doodson was born in Melbourne in 1955. Her mother was a nurse and her father was an air traffic controller. She began working as a registered nurse in 1972 and then completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in musical theatre. She was also the medical adviser on \"Blue Heelers\". Her last appearance on \"Blue Heelers\" was in the finale in early 2006. She has also made appearances in \"Neighbours\"",
"title": "Peta Doodson"
},
{
"id": "5009206",
"text": "John Witherspoon (actor) John Witherspoon (born John Weatherspoon; January 27, 1942) is an American comedian and actor who has performed in many television shows and films. Best known for his role as Willie Jones for the \"Friday\" series, Witherspoon has also starred in films such as \"Hollywood Shuffle\" (1987), \"Boomerang\" (1992) and \"Vampire In Brooklyn\" (1995). He has also made appearances on television shows such as \"The Wayans Bros.\" (1995–99), \"The Tracy Morgan Show\" (2003), \"Barnaby Jones\" (1973), \"The Boondocks\" (2005), \"The Five Heartbeats\" (1991) and \"Black Jesus\" (2014). He wrote a film, \"From the Old School\", in which he",
"title": "John Witherspoon (actor)"
},
{
"id": "16673668",
"text": "Pillai and Jishnu Raghavan died before they could see the fruit of their efforts onscreen. The supporting cast includes Ann Zibi, Amit Roy, Manuj Bhaskar, Raj Arjun, Syed Zafar Ali, Leena Panchal, Talib Mehdi,Satyajeet Bhattacharya, Ritika Murthy, Sheron Kurian A., Raj Gopal Iyer, Ritesh Raghuvanshi, Sanjay Gurubaxani, Mohd Rashid Ghaswala, Vijay Sanap, Manish Sharma, Harish Shashi Nair, Santosh Krishnan, Shahrukh B Sadri, Sandeep Singh Chopra, Premchand Singh, Gunjan Khare, Sagar Kale, Avesh Khan, Amit Shukla, Hagupreet Singh, Raj Singh, Ajay Arya, Nidha Bhat and Sameer Gogate Endemol India that has produced several local television shows ventured into feature films, after",
"title": "Traffic (2016 film)"
},
{
"id": "11453488",
"text": "Grainger Hines Grainger Hines (born August 18, 1948) is an American actor, writer, producer, and director. He has appeared in numerous television shows - \"True Blood\", \"Boston Legal\", \"Nip/Tuck\", \"\", \"Cold Case\", \"Las Vegas\", Matlock, \"Saving Grace\", \"Ghost Whisperer\", \"In the Heat of the Night\", \"Blue Bloods\", \"Airwolf\", \"\", \"Hell on Wheels\" among others. He also has appeared in many films such as \"Lincoln\", \"Protocol\", \"Innerspace\", \"Rocky II\", \"False Identity\", \"Abuse of Power\", \"Thicker Than Water\", \"Amber Waves\", \"Summer School Teachers\", and others. Hines also appeared in the miniseries \"War and Remembrance\" and \"\". Hines also starred in the soap",
"title": "Grainger Hines"
},
{
"id": "12525242",
"text": "and as John Henry Irons in the animated film \"The Death Of Superman\" and its 2019 sequel, \"The Reign Of The Supermen\". Cress Williams Cress Williams (born July 26, 1970) is an American actor, known for his roles in \"Prison Break\" and \"Close to Home\". His most recent roles include Mayor Lavon Hayes on The CW series \"Hart of Dixie\" as well as the title character on The CW's \"Black Lightning\". Williams is also best known for his recurring role as Terrence \"Scooter\" Williams on Fox's \"Living Single\". Williams was born in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany, to American parents. He",
"title": "Cress Williams"
},
{
"id": "15376438",
"text": "Afemo Omilami Afemo Omilami (born December 13, 1950) is an American actor. Also played iIn The Heat Of The Night He has appeared in many films such as \"Glory\" (1989), \"The Firm\" (1993), \"Gordy\" (1995), \"Remember the Titans\" (2000), \"Hounddog\" (2007), \"The Blind Side\" (2009), and \"Terminator Genisys\" (2015). He is perhaps best known for his role as the Drill Sergeant in \"Forrest Gump\" (1994). He was nominated for \"Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special\" in the 2013 NAACP Image Awards for his performance in Lifetime's \"Steel Magnolias\" as Drum Eatenton. He married his wife Elisabeth Omilami",
"title": "Afemo Omilami"
},
{
"id": "6017803",
"text": "and appeared as Mel Gibson's character's wife in the science-fiction thriller, \"Signs\" that same year. She had guest roles on such television series as \"Touched by an Angel\", \"Gossip Girl\", \"The Good Wife\", \"Blue Bloods\", and \"Orange Is the New Black\". Kalember played two different characters in \"\"; in 2001, she appeared in an episode of the second season, and from 2004 to 2010, she played Judge Karen Taten. Kalember co-starred in such films as \"The Girl in the Park\", \"The Company Men\", \"Rabbit Hole\", and \"Limitless\". Patricia Kalember Patricia Kathryn Kalember (born December 30, 1956) is an American actress,",
"title": "Patricia Kalember"
},
{
"id": "20714398",
"text": "10 PM time slot. In February 2018, it was announced that Roselyn Sanchez and Chris Warren had joined the pilot's main cast. In March 2018, it was reported that Demián Bichir, Wendy Raquel Robinson, Shalim Ortiz, Denyse Tontz, Anne Winters, Bryan Craig, Lincoln Younes, Feliz Ramirez, and Justina Adorno had been cast in the pilot's additional main roles. In September 2018, it was announced that Eva Longoria had been cast in a guest starring role and that Jencarlos Canela would appear in a recurring capacity. On November 15, 2018, it was reported that John Marshall Jones, Richard Burgi, and Adrian",
"title": "Grand Hotel (U.S. TV series)"
},
{
"id": "5598514",
"text": "Pat Corley Pat Corley (June 1, 1930 – September 11, 2006) was an American actor. He was known for his role as bar owner Phil on the CBS sitcom \"Murphy Brown\" from 1988–96. He also had a recurring role as Chief Coroner Wally Nydorf on the television drama \"Hill Street Blues\" (1981–1987). Additionally, he had supporting roles in a number of films, including \"Night Shift\" (1982), \"Against All Odds\" (1984), and \"Mr. Destiny\" (1990). Corley was born Cleo Pat Corley in Dallas, Texas, the son of Ada Lee (née Martin) and R.L. Corley. He got his start in the entertainment",
"title": "Pat Corley"
},
{
"id": "14914341",
"text": "Armisen and Brownstein wrote the sketches that appear in the first six episodes. Lorne Michaels served as executive producer. The series stars Fred Armisen and Carrie Brownstein in various roles. Guest stars include: Kirsten Dunst; Olivia Wilde; Selma Blair; Chloë Sevigny; Roseanne Barr; Steve Buscemi; Aimee Mann; Johnny Marr; Sarah McLachlan; Brownstein's Sleater-Kinney bandmate, Janet Weiss; KD Lang; Jello Biafra; Kurt Vile; Heather Graham; Michael Nesmith; Aubrey Plaza; Kumail Nanjiani; Jason Sudeikis; Ehren McGhehey; Eddie Vedder of Pearl Jam; Edward James Olmos; J Mascis of Dinosaur Jr.; Josh Homme of Queens of the Stone Age; Gus Van Sant; Tim Robbins;",
"title": "Portlandia (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "18538623",
"text": "Stevan Riley Stevan Riley is a BAFTA and EMMY nominated British film director, producer, editor and writer. He was educated at the University of Oxford, where he studied Modern History. His films include \"Blue Blood\" (2006); \"Fire in Babylon\" (2010); \"Everything or Nothing\" (2012); and \"Listen to Me Marlon\" (2015). Stevan went to school in Dover, Kent, Dover Grammar for Boys. Riley's first documentary Rave Against the Machine (2002) explored the underground music scene in Sarajevo during the Bosnian War. It aired on UK's Channel Four and was showcased internationally by the British Council. The film received nine international awards",
"title": "Stevan Riley"
},
{
"id": "14802021",
"text": "directorial debut with the independent film \"Eggshells for Soil\", portions of which were shot in her hometown, The Villages, Florida. She has also appeared in \"Step Up Revolution\" (2012), the fourth film in the \"Step Up\" series. Boone would later receive a starring role in the independent drama \"Leave Me Like You Found Me\" (2012), for which she won the Gen Art Film Festival Award for Best Actress. She had a recurring role on the CBS police drama series \"Blue Bloods\" in 2013, followed by her starring role of FBI agent Elizabeth Keen in the NBC series \"The Blacklist\" the",
"title": "Megan Boone"
},
{
"id": "7009448",
"text": "Krista Vendy Krista Vendy is an Australian actress who played teacher Teresa \"Tess\" Bell on the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\" from 1999–2001. Vendy is the cousin of Kristian Schmid, and was managed by Scott Michaelson, both of whom are past \"Neighbours\" stars. Vendy resides in Los Angeles and Melbourne. She dated actor William Hurt from 2006 to 2010. Since \"Neighbours\" Vendy has guest starred in television roles in Australia and the United States including, \"Blue Heelers\", \"Shock Jock\", \"Nightmares and Dreamscapes\", \"Pizza\", \"Leverage\", \"Mental\" and \"\". Film credits include, \"Love and Mortar\", \"The Writer\", \"Fat Pizza\", \"Horseplay\" and \"The Incredible",
"title": "Krista Vendy"
},
{
"id": "1384900",
"text": "Rachel Weisz Rachel Hannah Weisz ( , ; born 7 March 1970) is a British-American actress. She began her acting career in the early 1990s, appearing in \"Inspector Morse\", \"Scarlet and Black\", and \"Advocates II\". She made her film debut in \"Death Machine\" (1994). Her first Hollywood appearance was in \"Chain Reaction\" (1996), opposite Keanu Reeves and Morgan Freeman. She has also worked in theatre. Her stage breakthrough was the 1994 revival of Noël Coward's play \"Design for Living\", which earned her the London Critics' Circle Award for the most promising newcomer. Weisz's performances also include the 1999 Donmar Warehouse",
"title": "Rachel Weisz"
},
{
"id": "15825255",
"text": "Sami Gayle Sami Gayle (born January 22, 1996) is an American actress. She co-stars as Nicky Reagan in the CBS series \"Blue Bloods\". Gayle was born and raised in Weston, Florida. Her mother previously owned her own business and now works as her manager. Her father is an attorney. Gayle was home-schooled and followed Advanced Placement (AP) curriculums in all subjects. She was nationally ranked in Public Forum Debate and has received two bids to compete at the Tournament of Champions, putting her among the top debaters nationwide. Gayle began her acting career as Baby June in the off-Broadway production",
"title": "Sami Gayle"
},
{
"id": "4669604",
"text": "Bianca Lawson Bianca Jasmine Lawson (born March 20, 1979) is an American film and television actress. She is perhaps best known for her regular roles in the television series \"\", \"Goode Behavior\", \"Pretty Little Liars\", and \"Rogue\". She has also had recurring roles in the series \"Sister, Sister\", \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", \"The Steve Harvey Show\", \"Dawson's Creek\", \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\", \"The Vampire Diaries\", \"Teen Wolf\", and \"Witches of East End\". In 2016, Lawson began starring in the Oprah Winfrey Network drama series, \"Queen Sugar\". Lawson was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the daughter",
"title": "Bianca Lawson"
}
] | who plays the mayor's assistant on blue bloods |
|
| [
{
"id": "234495",
"text": "Lebanon Lebanon (; ; ; ), officially known as the Lebanese Republic ( ; ; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus is west across the Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity. At just 10,452 km (4,036 sq. mi.), it is the smallest recognized sovereign state on the mainland Asian continent. The earliest evidence of civilization in Lebanon dates back",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234757",
"text": "state apparatus, accounted for 29% of the total resident population. A 2012 study conducted by Statistics Lebanon, a Beirut-based research firm, cited by the United States Department of State found that of Lebanon's population of approximately 4.3 million is estimated to be: There is also a very small number of other religious minorities such as, Bahais, Buddhists, Hindus and Mormons. The CIA World Factbook specifies that of those residing in Lebanon, 59.7% are Muslims (Sunni, Shia, Druze, Alawites, and Sufi) and 39% are Christians (mostly Maronites, Eastern Orthodox, Melkite Catholics, Protestant, Armenian Apostolic, Assyrian Church of the East, Syriac Orthodox,",
"title": "Demographics of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "10724113",
"text": "Religion in Lebanon Lebanon has several different main religions. The country has the most religiously diverse society of all states within the Middle East, comprising 18 recognized religious sects. The main two religions are Islam (Sunni and Shia) with 51% of followers and Christianity (the Maronite Church, the Greek Orthodox Church, the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, the Protestant Church, the Armenian Apostolic Church) with 45% of followers. There is also the Druze minority religion, which under the Lebanese political division (Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation) the Druze community is designated as one of the five Lebanese Muslim communities (Sunni, Shia,",
"title": "Religion in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "10752698",
"text": "Iraqis in Lebanon Iraqis in Lebanon are people of Iraqi origin residing in Lebanon, which includes Lebanese citizens of Iraqi ancestry or more recently Iraqis seeking refuge in Lebanon, most as a direct result of the instability and violence that followed the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Statistics for Iraqi refugees in Lebanon vary, but typically put the number at around 50,000, although the latest statistics from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees put the current number of Iraqi refugees at just under 30,000, and yet some say the number may be as high as 100,000. Iraqis have been present",
"title": "Iraqis in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "16433808",
"text": "French people in Lebanon French people in Lebanon (or French Lebanese) are the French citizens (about 21,000 persons) living in Lebanon, including many binationals and persons from mixed ancestry. There are neither official statistics or any scientific information regarding their spoken languages and supposed religious affiliations. For the elections at the Assembly of French Citizens Abroad, Lebanon is part of the Beirut electoral district, including also Syria, Iraq and Jordan, where there are small French communities. The three representatives elected on 18 June 2006 (4,156 votes in total, 3,787 in Lebanon) are all members of right-wing groups in the Assembly:",
"title": "French people in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234571",
"text": "Muslim population. When the last census was held in 1932, Christians made up 53% of Lebanon's population. In 1956, it was estimated that the population was 54% Christian and 44% Muslim. A demographic study conducted by the research firm Statistics Lebanon found that approximately 27% of the population was Sunni, 27% Shia, 21% Maronite, 8% Greek Orthodox, 5% Druze, 5% Melkite, and 1% Protestant, with the remaining 6% mostly belonging to smaller non-native to Lebanon Christian denominations. Other sources like Euronews or the Madrid-based diary \"La Razón\" estimate the percentage of Christians to be around 53%. Because the relative size",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234572",
"text": "of confessional groups remains a sensitive issue, a national census has not been conducted since 1932. There are 18 state-recognized religious sects – four Muslim, 12 Christian, one Druze, and one Jewish. The Sunni residents primarily live in Tripoli, Western Beirut, the Southern coast of Lebanon, and Northern Lebanon. The Shi'a residents primarily live in Southern Beirut, the Beqaa Valley, and Southern Lebanon. The Maronite residents primarily live in Eastern Beirut and the mountains of Lebanon. They are the largest Christian community in Lebanon. The Greek Orthodox, the second largest Christian community in Lebanon, primarily live in Koura, Beirut, Rachaya,",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "10678215",
"text": "Assyrians in Lebanon Assyrians in Lebanon include migrants of Assyrian origin residing in Lebanon, as well as their descendants. Most of the Assyrians in Lebanon came as refugees from northern Iraq, one of the four locations of the indigenous Assyrian homeland areas which are part of today's northern Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran and, more recently, northeastern Syria. There are an estimated 40,000 to 80,000 Iraqi Assyrian refugees in Lebanon. The vast majority of them are undocumented, with a large number having been deported or put in prison. They belong to various denominations, including the Assyrian Church of the East,",
"title": "Assyrians in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "2094148",
"text": "Lebanese Civil War The Lebanese Civil War ( – \"Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah\") was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities. As of 2012, approximately 76,000 people remain displaced within Lebanon. There was also an exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon as a result of the war. Before the war, Lebanon was multisectarian, with Sunni Muslims and Christians being the majorities in the coastal cities, Shia Muslims being mainly based in the south and the Beqaa Valley to the east, and with the mountain populations being mostly Druze",
"title": "Lebanese Civil War"
},
{
"id": "234776",
"text": "vast majority of them are undocumented, with a large number having been deported or put in prison. They belong to various denominations, including the Assyrian Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, and Syriac Catholic Church. Due to the US-led invasion of Iraq, Lebanon has received a mass influx of Iraqi refugees numbering at around 100,000. The vast majority of them are undocumented, with a large number having been deported or put in prison. There are an estimated 60,000 to 100,000 Kurdish refugees from Turkey and Syria within Lebanese territory. Many of them are undocumented. As of 2012, around 40%",
"title": "Demographics of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "2348783",
"text": "Mount Lebanon Mount Lebanon (, \"jabal lubnān\", ; , \"\", ) is a mountain range in Lebanon. It averages above in elevation. The Mount Lebanon range extends along the entire country for about , parallel to the Mediterranean coast. Their highest peak is Qurnat as Sawda', at . The range receives a substantial amount of precipitation, including snow, which averages around deep. Lebanon has historically been defined by the mountains, which provided protection for the local population. In Lebanon, changes in scenery are related less to geographical distances than to altitudes. The mountains were known for their oak and pine",
"title": "Mount Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "8287693",
"text": "area now known as Lebanon first appeared in recorded history around 4000 BC as a group of coastal cities and a heavily forested hinterland. It was inhabited by the Canaanites, a Semitic people, whom the Greeks called \"Phoenicians\" because of the purple (phoinikies) dye they sold. These early inhabitants referred to themselves as \"men of Sidon\" or the like, according to their city of origin, and called the country \"Lebanon.\" Because of the nature of the country and its location, the Phoenicians turned to the sea, where they engaged in trade and navigation. Each of the coastal cities was an",
"title": "History of ancient Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234568",
"text": "of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar (around 25,000 people), Saudi Arabia and UAE act as host countries to many Lebanese. , Lebanon was host to over 1,600,000 refugees and asylum seekers: 449,957 from Palestine, 5,986 from Iraq, over 1,100,000 from Syria, and 4,000 from Sudan. According to the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia of the United Nations, among the Syrian refugees, 71% live in poverty. The latest estimates by the United Nations put the number of Syrian refugees at more than 1,250,000. In the last three decades, lengthy and destructive armed conflicts have ravaged the country. The majority of",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234573",
"text": "Matn, Aley, Akkar, in the countryside around Tripoli, Hasbaya and Marjeyoun. They are a minority of 10% in Zahle. The Greek Catholics live mainly in Beirut, on the eastern slopes of the Lebanon mountains and in Zahle which is predominantly Greek Catholic. Article 11 of Lebanon's Constitution states that \"Arabic is the official national language. A law determines the cases in which the French language is to be used\". The majority of Lebanese people speak Lebanese Arabic, which is grouped in a larger category called Levantine Arabic, while Modern Standard Arabic is mostly used in magazines, newspapers, and formal broadcast",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234501",
"text": "of Gilgamesh. The name is recorded in Ancient Egyptian as \"Rmnn\", where \"R\" stood for Canaanite \"L\". The name occurs nearly 70 times in the Hebrew Bible, as . \"Lebanon\" as the name of an administrative unit (as opposed to the mountain range) was introduced with the Ottoman reforms of 1861, as the \"Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate\" (; ), continued in the name of the \"State of Greater Lebanon\" ( \"\"; ) in 1920, and eventually in the name of the sovereign \"Republic of Lebanon\" ( ) upon its independence in 1943. The borders of contemporary Lebanon are a product of",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "16486791",
"text": "Lebanese Sunni Muslims Lebanese Sunni Muslims refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Sunni branch of Islam in Lebanon, which is the largest denomination in Lebanon tied with Shia Muslims. Sunni Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium. According to a CIA study, Lebanese Sunni Muslims constitute an estimated 27% of Lebanon's population. The Lebanese Sunni Muslims are concentrated in west Beirut, Tripoli, Sidon and in the countryside of the Akkar. Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, Sunni notables",
"title": "Lebanese Sunni Muslims"
},
{
"id": "6713871",
"text": "Lebanese diaspora Lebanese diaspora refers to Lebanese migrants and their descendants who, whether by choice or coercion, emigrated from Lebanon and now reside in other countries. There are more Lebanese living outside Lebanon (8-14 million), than within (4 million). The majority of the diaspora population consists of Lebanese Christians; however, others are Muslim, Druze, or Jewish. They trace their origin to several waves of Christian emigration, starting with the exodus that followed the 1860 Lebanon conflict in Ottoman Syria. Under the current Lebanese nationality law, diaspora Lebanese do not have an automatic right to return to Lebanon. Due to varying",
"title": "Lebanese diaspora"
},
{
"id": "10724117",
"text": "0.53%, and other 0.18% of the population. Lebanon also has a Jewish population, estimated at less than 100. Legally registered Muslims form around 52% of the population (Shias, Sunnis, Alawites). Legally registered Christians form up to 44% (Maronites, Greek Orthodox, Melkites, Armenians, Evangelical Protestants, other). Druze form around 4%. Under the terms of an agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, the president of the country must be a Maronite, the Prime Minister must be a Sunnite, and the Speaker of Parliament must be a Shiite. Although Lebanon is a secular country,",
"title": "Religion in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "17047680",
"text": "Islam in Lebanon Islam in Lebanon is followed by 59.5% (including the Druze) of the country's total population: Shia's make up 27%: Twelvers are the predominant Shia group, followed by Alawites and Ismailis. Sunnis make up also 27%: Sunnis are mainly of the Shafi'i madhhab with pockets of Hanafi and Hanbali. Several large Sufi orders are active in the country, including the Naqshbandi tariqa, and Qadiriyya. Although not traditionally considered as Muslims, the Druze make up 5.6% of the total population, which under the Lebanese political division (Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation) the Druze community is designated as one of",
"title": "Islam in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "10724115",
"text": "are different sources that do not pretend to be fully representative of the religious affiliation of the people of Lebanon. The most recent study conducted by Statistics Lebanon, a Beirut-based research firm, found that approximately Lebanon's population is estimated to be 52% Muslim (26% Shia; 26% Sunni), 4% Druze, who are also Muslims, 44% Christian (23% Maronite, 8% Greek Orthodox, 5% Melkite, 1% Protestant and 5.4% other Christian denominations non-native to Lebanon like Armenian Orthodox, Armenian Catholic, Syriac Catholic, Syriac Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Chaldean, Assyrian, Copt). The CIA World Factbook estimates the following: Muslim 52% (26% Shia, 26% Sunni), Christian",
"title": "Religion in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234575",
"text": "as they usually prefer to speak in French and, to a lesser extent, English, which are seen as more fashionable. English is increasingly used in science and business interactions. Lebanese citizens of Armenian, Greek, or Kurdish descent often speak their ancestral languages with varying degrees of fluency. , there were around 150,000 Armenians in Lebanon, or around 5% of the population. The culture of Lebanon reflects the legacy of various civilizations spanning thousands of years. Originally home to the Canaanite- Phoenicians, and then subsequently conquered and occupied by the Assyrians, the Persians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Arabs, the Fatimids,",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "11974333",
"text": "Lebanese Brazilians Lebanese Brazilians (), (Arabic: البرازيلي اللبناني) are Brazilians of full, partial, or predominantly Lebanese ancestry, or Lebanese-born immigrants in Brazil. Until 1922, Levantine immigrants were considered \"Turks\", as they carried passports issued by the Turkish Ottoman Empire, which then ruled over present-day Lebanon. The population of Brazil of either full or partial Lebanese descent is estimated by the Brazilian and Lebanese governments to be around 7 million people. According to a research conducted by IBGE in 2008, covering only the states of Amazonas, Paraíba, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso, and Distrito Federal, 0.9% of white",
"title": "Lebanese Brazilians"
},
{
"id": "10752705",
"text": "that Muslim Shia are by far the majority of Iraqis in Lebanon at 51 percent, followed by Assyrian Chaldean Catholics which stand at 19 percent, while Sunni Muslims only amount to 12 percent of the population. Iraqis in Lebanon Iraqis in Lebanon are people of Iraqi origin residing in Lebanon, which includes Lebanese citizens of Iraqi ancestry or more recently Iraqis seeking refuge in Lebanon, most as a direct result of the instability and violence that followed the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Statistics for Iraqi refugees in Lebanon vary, but typically put the number at around 50,000, although the latest",
"title": "Iraqis in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "16389119",
"text": "Canadians in Lebanon Canadians in Lebanon consists mostly of Canadians of Lebanese origin who returned to the country as well as expatriates from Canada. According to Canada's Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, there are about 45,000 Canadians living in Lebanon In the 1980s, thousands of Lebanese fled their country during the Lebanese Civil War and settled in Canada. With the return of relative stability to the country in recent years, it has become increasingly common for members of Canada's Lebanese community to return to their homeland, most commonly for summer vacations, but also to take up residence. Most",
"title": "Canadians in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "11579123",
"text": "of October 2018, Lebanese citizens have visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to the listed 59 countries and territories, including disputed areas, and partially recognized countries: Note that the Lebanese Identity Card can be used as an optional replacement for the Lebanese passport in the listed countries and territories: Lebanese citizens can apply and obtain certain types of visas online to the listed 23 countries and territories, disputed areas, and partially recognized countries: Lebanese passport The passport of the Republic of Lebanon () () is a passport issued to the citizens of the Republic of Lebanon. It is issued exclusively by the",
"title": "Lebanese passport"
},
{
"id": "2759074",
"text": "Prime Minister of Lebanon The Prime Minister of Lebanon, officially the President of the Council of Ministers, is the head of government and the head of the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister is appointed (and removed) by the President of Lebanon, with no confirmation needed from the Parliament of Lebanon. By convention, he is always a Sunni Muslim. The office was created on 23 May 1926, when the constitution of the state of Greater Lebanon was promulgated. In the summer of 1943, when the National Pact was agreed, it was decided that the office of the Prime Minister would",
"title": "Prime Minister of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234748",
"text": "au Liban en 1970\"(in English: \"The survey on the active population in Lebanon in 1970\"). It was conducted on a sample of 130,000 individuals. Ethnic background is an important factor in Lebanon. The country encompasses a great mix of cultural, religious, and ethnic groups which have been building up for more than 6,000 years. The Arabs invaded and occupied Phoenicia in the 7th century AD from Arabia. The predominant cultural backgrounds and ancestry of the Lebanese vary from Canaanite (Phoenician), Aramean (Ancient Syria) to Greek (Byzantine) and Arab. The question of ethnic identity has come to revolve more around aspects",
"title": "Demographics of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "4460601",
"text": "Elections in Lebanon Elections in Lebanon are allotted to occur every four years. Every citizen is allowed to vote, but the positions are constitutionally allocated by religious affiliation. In 2014, the Parliament failed to elect a president and extended its own term. Lebanon's national legislature is called the Assembly of Representatives (Majlis An-Nouwab). Since the elections of 1992 (the first since the reforms of the Taif Agreement of 1989) removed the built-in majority previously enjoyed by Christians, the Parliament has had 128 seats and the term is four years. Seats in the Parliament are \"confessionally distributed\" but elected by \"universal",
"title": "Elections in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "11665828",
"text": "been conducted since 1932. However, the most recent demographic study conducted by Statistics Lebanon, a Beirut-based research firm, found that approximately Lebanon's population is estimated to be 54% Muslim (27% Shia; 27% Sunni), 5.6% Druze, who do not consider themselves to be Muslims but under the Lebanese political division (Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation) the Druze community is designated as one of the five Lebanese Muslim communities (Sunni, Shia, Druze, Alawi, and Ismaili); 40.4% Christian (21% Maronite, 8% Greek Orthodox, 5% Melkite, 1% Protestant and 4 percent Armenian, 1 percent other Christians. There are also very small numbers of Jews,",
"title": "Freedom of religion in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234500",
"text": "as \"the Paris of the Middle East\". At the end of the war, there were extensive efforts to revive the economy and rebuild national infrastructure. In spite of these troubles, Lebanon has the 7th highest Human Development Index and GDP per capita in the Arab world after the oil-rich economies of the Persian Gulf. The name of Mount Lebanon originates from the Phoenician root \"\" (𐤋𐤁𐤍) meaning \"white\", apparently from its snow-capped peaks. Occurrences of the name have been found in different Middle Bronze Age texts from the library of Ebla, and three of the twelve tablets of the Epic",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "13944510",
"text": "Turks in Lebanon Turks in Lebanon, also known as Lebanese Turks (), are people of Turkish ancestry that live in Lebanon. Turks have been present in Lebanon ever since Ottoman rule of the region. Lebanon became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1516, and Turks were brought into the region along with Sultan Selim I’s army during his campaign to Egypt and were settled in the conquered lands. Turkish colonists were encouraged to stay in Lebanon by being rewarded with land and money. The history of the Cretan Turks in Lebanon began when the Ottoman Empire lost its dominion over",
"title": "Turks in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234798",
"text": "Lebanon. ABEDA, ACCT, AFESD, AL, AMF, EBU, ESCWA, FAO, G24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, ITUC, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO. Politics of Lebanon Lebanon is a semi-presidential parliamentary democratic republic within the overall framework of confessionalism, a form of consociationalism in which the highest offices are proportionately reserved for representatives from certain religious communities. The constitution grants the people the right to change their government. However, from the mid-1970s until",
"title": "Politics of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234565",
"text": "a decline caused by the war in neighbouring Syria. Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Japan are the three most popular origin countries of foreign tourists to Lebanon. The recent influx of Japanese tourists has caused the recent rise in popularity of Japanese Cuisine in Lebanon. The population of Lebanon was estimated to be in , however no official census has been conducted since 1932 due to the sensitive confessional political balance between Lebanon's various religious groups. Identifying all Lebanese as ethnically Arab is a widely employed example of panethnicity since in reality, the Lebanese \"are descended from many different peoples who",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "13502911",
"text": "Lebanese Druze Lebanese Druze are Lebanese people who adhere of the Druze faith, an ethnoreligious esoteric group originating from the Near East who self identify as unitarians (\"Muwahhideen\"). The Lebanese Druze people are believed to constitute about 8 percent of the total population of Lebanon and have around 15 Million members.The Druze, who refer to themselves as al-Muwahhideen, or \"believers in one God,\" are concentrated in the rural, mountainous areas east and south of Beirut. Under the Lebanese political division (Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation) the Druze community is designated as one of the five Lebanese Muslim communities (Sunni, Shia,",
"title": "Lebanese Druze"
},
{
"id": "17367411",
"text": "Lebanese Maronite Christians Lebanese Maronite Christians (Arabic: المسيحية المارونية في لبنان) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Maronite Church in Lebanon, which is the largest Christian denomination in the country. The Lebanese Maronite Christians are believed to constitute about 22% of the total population of Lebanon. Lebanon's constitution was intended to guarantee political representation for each of the nation's ethno-religious groups. Under the terms of an unwritten agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, the president of the country must be a Maronite. The cultural and linguistic heritage of",
"title": "Lebanese Maronite Christians"
},
{
"id": "19119830",
"text": "of Lebanon designates Arabic as the sole official language, while a special law regulates cases when French can be publicly used. Article 11 of Lebanon's Constitution states that \"Arabic is the official national language. A law determines the cases in which the French language is to be used\". The French language is used on Lebanese pound bank notes, road signs, vehicle registration plates, and on public buildings, alongside Arabic. The majority of Lebanese people speak Lebanese Arabic, which is grouped in a larger category called Levantine Arabic, while Modern Standard Arabic is mostly used in magazines, newspapers, and formal broadcast",
"title": "French language in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "11579092",
"text": "Lebanese passport The passport of the Republic of Lebanon () () is a passport issued to the citizens of the Republic of Lebanon. It is issued exclusively by the Lebanese Directorate General of General Security (DGGS), and can also be issued at various Lebanese diplomatic missions and/or consulates outside the Republic of Lebanon. It allows the bearer a freedom of living in the Republic of Lebanon without any immigration requirements, participate in the Lebanese political system, entry to and exit from the Republic of Lebanon through any port, travel to and from other countries in accordance with visa requirements, facilitates",
"title": "Lebanese passport"
},
{
"id": "10724116",
"text": "44% (includes 23% Maronite Catholic, 8% Greek Orthodox, 5% Melkite, 1% Protestant, 4% other Christian), Druze 5.6%, very small numbers of Jews, Baha'is, Buddhists, Hindus, and Mormons. The International Foundation for Electoral Systems provides source for the registered voters in Lebanon for 2011 (it has to be noted that voter registration does not include people under 18 and unregistered voters) that puts the numbers as following: Sunni Islam 26.1 %, Shia Islam 26.1%, Maronite Catholic 23.8%, Greek Orthodox 7.34%, Druze 5.74%, Melkite Catholic 4.76%, Armenian Apostolic 2.64%, other Christian Minorities 1.28%, Alawite Shia Islam 0.88%, Armenian Catholic 0.62%, Evangelical Protestant",
"title": "Religion in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "14554859",
"text": "Lebanese nationality law Lebanese nationality law is the law governing the acquisition, transmission and loss of Lebanese citizenship. Lebanese citizenship is the status of being a citizen of the Republic of Lebanon and it can be obtained by birth or naturalisation. The Lebanese nationality is transmitted by paternity (father) (see Jus sanguinis). Therefore, a Lebanese man who holds Lebanese citizenship can automatically confer citizenship to his children and foreign wife (only if entered in the Civil Acts Register in the Republic of Lebanon). Under the current law, descendants of Lebanese emigrants can only receive citizenship from their father and women",
"title": "Lebanese nationality law"
},
{
"id": "234768",
"text": "independence in 1943 and only 22,000 French Lebanese and 4,300 Italian Lebanese continue to live in Lebanon. The most important legacy of the French Mandate is the frequent use and knowledge of the French language by most of the educated Lebanese people, and Beirut is still known as the \"Paris of the Middle East\". Around 450,000 Palestinian refugees were registered in Lebanon with the UNRWA in 2014, who are refugees or descendants of refugees from the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Some 53% live in 12 Palestine refugee camps, who \"suffer from serious problems\" such as poverty and overcrowding. Some of these",
"title": "Demographics of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "2379631",
"text": "Fakhr-al-Din II Fakhr-al-Din ibn Maan (August 6, 1572 – April 13, 1635) (), also known as Fakhreddine and Fakhr-ad-Din II, was a Druze Ma'ani Emir and an early leader of the Mount Lebanon Emirate, a self-governed area under the Ottoman Empire. His rule was characterized by economic and cultural prosperity, and he had fought other Lebanese families to unite the people of Lebanon and seek independence from the Ottoman Empire. He is therefore considered by some to be the first \"Man of Lebanon\" to seek the sovereignty of modern-day Lebanon, a claim considered by some to be anachronistic as his",
"title": "Fakhr-al-Din II"
},
{
"id": "16417626",
"text": "Health in Lebanon Lebanon is a small middle-income country on the Eastern Mediterranean shore with a population of around 4 million Lebanese citizens, 1.2 million Syrian refugees, and half a million Palestinian refugees. It is at the third stage of its demographic transition characterized by a decline in both fertility and mortality rates . Moreover, Lebanon, like many countries in the Middle East is experiencing an epidemiological transition with an increasingly ageing population suffering from chronic and non-communicable diseases . Mortality related to non-communicable diseases is 404.4 deaths per 100,000 individuals, with an estimate of 45% due to cardiovascular diseases,",
"title": "Health in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "14239423",
"text": "Visa requirements for Lebanese citizens Visa requirements for citizens of the Republic of Lebanon are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other sovereign countries and territories placed on citizens of the Republic of Lebanon. Citizens of the Republic of Lebanon do not need a passport when travelling to Jordan and Syria. For these countries, they may use just their domestic national identification cards called in Arabic: بطاقة الهوية (\"bițāqat al-hawiya\") and in French: \"carte nationale d'identité\". Besides visa requirements, most countries specify other requirements which preclude the entry of citizens of the Republic of Lebanon and other citizens into",
"title": "Visa requirements for Lebanese citizens"
},
{
"id": "11665831",
"text": "present in the country operated missions, schools, hospitals, and places of worship. Many persons fleeing religious mistreatment and discrimination in neighboring states have immigrated to the country, including Kurds, Shi'a, and Assyrians/Chaldeans from Iraq, as well as Copts from Egypt, Sudan and Libya. Precise figures were unavailable due to the lack of census data and the tendency of these groups to assimilate into the culture. The Constitution provides for freedom of religion and the freedom to practice all religious rites provided that public order is not disturbed. The Constitution requires the state to respect all religions and denominations and guarantee",
"title": "Freedom of religion in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234533",
"text": "the Lebanese Forces Party, the Kataeb Party, and the Free Patriotic Movement fear the country's sectarian based political system is being undermined. Lebanon is located in Western Asia between latitudes 33° and 35° N and longitudes 35° and 37° E. Its land straddles the \"northwest of the Arabian plate\". The country's surface area is of which is land. Lebanon has a coastline and border of on the Mediterranean sea to the west, a border shared with Syria to the north and east and a long border with Israel to the south. The border with the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights is disputed",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "2094248",
"text": "more injured. Lebanese Civil War The Lebanese Civil War ( – \"Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah\") was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities. As of 2012, approximately 76,000 people remain displaced within Lebanon. There was also an exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon as a result of the war. Before the war, Lebanon was multisectarian, with Sunni Muslims and Christians being the majorities in the coastal cities, Shia Muslims being mainly based in the south and the Beqaa Valley to the east, and with the mountain populations being",
"title": "Lebanese Civil War"
},
{
"id": "17773643",
"text": "be licensed to drive tractor trailers, hazardous materials, or school buses. Driver's licenses issued in the Republic of Lebanon has a number or alphanumeric code issued by the issuing city's Department of Motor Vehicles (or equivalent), usually show a photograph of the bearer, as well as a copy of his or her signature, the address of his or her primary residence, the type or class of license, restrictions and/or endorsements (if any), the physical characteristics of the bearer (such as height, weight, hair color, and eye color), and birth date. No two driver's license numbers issued are alike. To be",
"title": "Driving licence in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234766",
"text": "the Armenian ethnic minority in Lebanon, Armenian language is taught and spoken within the Armenian community. The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. There are substantial numbers of immigrants from other Arab countries (mainly Palestine, Syria, Iraq and Egypt) and non-Arab-speaking Muslim countries. Also, recent years have seen an influx of people from Ethiopia and South East Asian countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, as well as smaller numbers of other immigrant minorities, Colombians and Brazilians (of Lebanese descent themselves). Most of these are employed as guest workers in the same",
"title": "Demographics of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "16417636",
"text": "honor in the pseudo-honor based society which emphasizes both male and female purity, hypocritically as it also embraces Western liberties. Health in Lebanon Lebanon is a small middle-income country on the Eastern Mediterranean shore with a population of around 4 million Lebanese citizens, 1.2 million Syrian refugees, and half a million Palestinian refugees. It is at the third stage of its demographic transition characterized by a decline in both fertility and mortality rates . Moreover, Lebanon, like many countries in the Middle East is experiencing an epidemiological transition with an increasingly ageing population suffering from chronic and non-communicable diseases .",
"title": "Health in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234553",
"text": "recipient of foreign military aid. With more than $400 million since 2005, it is the second largest per capita recipient of American military aid behind Israel. Human rights groups have repeatedly accused the Lebanese army of torture. Lebanon is divided into eight governorates (\"mohaafazaat\", ; singular \"mohafazah\", ) which are further subdivided into twenty-six districts (\"aqdya\"—singular: \"qadaa\"). The districts themselves are also divided into several municipalities, each enclosing a group of cities or villages. The governorates and their respective districts are listed below: Lebanon's economy follows a laissez-faire model. Most of the economy is dollarized, and the country has no",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234498",
"text": "Lebanon gained independence in 1943, establishing confessionalism, a unique, Consociationalism-type of political system with a power-sharing mechanism based on religious communities. Bechara El Khoury, President of Lebanon during the independence, Riad El-Solh, first Lebanese prime minister and Emir Majid Arslan II, first Lebanese minister of defence, are considered the founders of the modern Republic of Lebanon and are national heroes for having led the country's independence. Foreign troops withdrew completely from Lebanon on 31 December 1946. Lebanon has been a member of the United Nations since its founding in 1945 as well as of the Arab League (1945), the Non-Aligned",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "14719161",
"text": "Chakroun Chakroun (Arabic شكرون) is an Arabic and French family name (surname) originating in Lebanon. It is the third most common surname in the South of Lebanon (Al Janub) and the most common surname in the towns of Irkay, Kfarrumman, Roumin, Bnaafoul, and Loubyeh. The name originally derives from Shukr (Arabic شكر ), an Arabic term denoting thankfulness, gratitude, or acknowledgment by humans. This surname was given in the early 18th century to a person who demonstrated all these qualities. Then after decades and decades, the name eventually evolved into Chakroun which is the name found today. In the late",
"title": "Chakroun"
},
{
"id": "7621781",
"text": "Christianity in Lebanon Christianity in Lebanon has a long and continuous history. Biblical Scriptures purport that Peter and Paul evangelized to the Phoenicians, whom they affiliated to the ancient patriarchate of Antioch. The spread of Christianity in Mount Lebanon was very slow where paganism persisted in mountaintop strongholds. A 2015 study estimates some 2,500 Lebanese Christians have Muslim ancestry, whereas the majority of Lebanese Christians are direct descendants of the original early Christians. Proportionally, Lebanon has the highest rate of Christians in the Middle East, where the percentage ranges between 39% and 40.5%, followed directly by Egypt and Syria where",
"title": "Christianity in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "13580842",
"text": "Lebanese Shia Muslims Lebanese Shia Muslims refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which is the largest Muslim denomination in the country tied with Sunni Muslims. Shia Islam in Lebanon has a history of more than a millennium. According to a CIA study, Lebanese Shia Muslims constitute an estimated 27% of Lebanon's population. Most of its adherents live in the northern and western area of the Beqaa Valley, Southern Lebanon and Beirut . The great majority of Shia Muslims in Lebanon are Twelvers, with an Alawite minority numbering in the tens of",
"title": "Lebanese Shia Muslims"
},
{
"id": "234592",
"text": "private hospitals, and 72,399 in public hospitals. More patients visit private hospitals than public hospitals, because the private beds supply is higher. Recently, there has been an increase in foodborne illnesses which has put an emphasis on the importance of the safety of the food chain in Lebanon. This raised the illues public awareness. More restaurants are seeking information and compliance with International Organization for Standardization. Lebanon Lebanon (; ; ; ), officially known as the Lebanese Republic ( ; ; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "10724120",
"text": "Christians are divided into many sects, several types of Catholics for instance the Maronites and Greek Catholics (Melkites), Greek Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox (among which are Syriacs, Armenians and Copts), Church of the East (Assyrians) and Protestants. Lebanese Maronites are concentrated in the north Beirut (northern parts of Greater Beirut), northern part of Mount Lebanon Governorate, southern part of North Governorate, parts of Beqaa Governorate and South Governorate. Greek Catholics are found everywhere but in particular in districts on the eastern slopes of the Lebanese mountain range and in Zahle where they are a majority. Lebanese Orthodox are concentrated in the",
"title": "Religion in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234760",
"text": "however, there are some who are Muslim. They trace their origin to several waves of Christian emigration, starting with the exodus that followed the 1860 Lebanon conflict in Ottoman Syria. Under the current Lebanese nationality law, diaspora Lebanese do not have an automatic right of return to Lebanon. Due to varying degrees of assimilation and high degree of interethnic marriages, most diaspora Lebanese have not passed on the Arabic language to their children, while still maintaining a Lebanese ethnic identity. Many Lebanese families are economically and politically prominent in several Latin American countries (in 2007 Mexican Carlos Slim Helú, son",
"title": "Demographics of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234712",
"text": "Geography of Lebanon Lebanon is part of the Middle East, located at approximately 35˚N, 35˚E. Stretching along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, its length almost three times its width. As it stretches from north to south, the width of its terrain becomes narrower. Lebanon's mountainous terrain, economic, and religious movements that either originated in the region or crossed through to leave an imprint upon Lebanese society give form to that history. The country's role in the region, as indeed in the world at large, was shaped by trade. Lebanon is named \"the pearl of the middle east.\" It",
"title": "Geography of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "7589395",
"text": "Catholic Church in Lebanon The Catholic Church in Lebanon is part of the worldwide Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. There are about 1.2 million Catholics in Lebanon in total, the majority of whom are not Latin Catholics but instead follow Eastern Catholic rites as part of the Catholic Church - mostly Maronite, but also Melkite as well as Catholic rites non-native to Lebanon like Armenian, Chaldean, and Syriac. The Maronite Church constitutes the largest Eastern Catholic church represented in both Lebanon, and the Middle East. The \"Land of the Cedars\", as Lebanon is known,",
"title": "Catholic Church in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "1189689",
"text": "Lebanon, Ohio Lebanon is a city in and the county seat of Warren County, Ohio, United States, in the state's southwestern region, within the Cincinnati metropolitan area. The population was 20,033 at the 2010 census. The city has a symphony orchestra and chorus. Lebanon is in the Symmes Purchase. The first European settler in what is now Lebanon was Ichabod Corwin uncle of Ohio Governor Thomas Corwin who came to Ohio from Bourbon County, Kentucky and settled on the north branch of Turtle Creek in March 1796. The site of his cabin is now on the grounds of Berry Intermediate",
"title": "Lebanon, Ohio"
},
{
"id": "234567",
"text": "1,800,000 people emigrated from the country in the 1975–2011 period. Millions of people of Lebanese descent are spread throughout the world, mostly Christians, especially in Latin America. Brazil has the largest expatriate population. \"(See Lebanese Brazilians)\". Large numbers of Lebanese migrated to West Africa, particularly to the Ivory Coast (home to over 100,000 Lebanese) and Senegal (roughly 30,000 Lebanese). Australia is home to over 270,000 Lebanese (1999 est.). In Canada, there is also a large Lebanese diaspora of approximately 250,000–700,000 people having Lebanese descent. (see Lebanese Canadians). Another region with a significant diaspora is the Persian Gulf, where the countries",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "687191",
"text": "Baalbek Baalbek (), properly Baʿalbek (, Syriac-Aramaic: ܒܥܠܒܟ) and also known as Balbec, Baalbec or Baalbeck, is a city between the Eastern Mountain Ranges of Lebanon and the Western Mountain ranges of Lebanon. Located East of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut. The capital of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Baalbek has a population of approximately 82,608, mostly Shia Muslims, followed by Sunni Muslims and Christians. It is reckoned a stronghold of the Shi'a Hezbollah movement. It is home to the annual Baalbeck International Festival. A few miles from the from which the Litani (the classical Leontes) and",
"title": "Baalbek"
},
{
"id": "17047685",
"text": "the north. The Lebanese Druze constitute 5% of the population and can be found primarily in Mount Lebanon and the Shouf District. which under the Lebanese political division (Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation) the Druze community is designated as one of the five Lebanese Muslim communities (Sunni, Shia, Druze, Alawi, and Ismaili). Islam in Lebanon Islam in Lebanon is followed by 59.5% (including the Druze) of the country's total population: Shia's make up 27%: Twelvers are the predominant Shia group, followed by Alawites and Ismailis. Sunnis make up also 27%: Sunnis are mainly of the Shafi'i madhhab with pockets of",
"title": "Islam in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234746",
"text": "Demographics of Lebanon This article is about the demographic features of the population of Lebanon, including population density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. About 99% of the population of Lebanon includes numerous Muslim sects and Christian denominations. Because the matter of religious balance is a sensitive political issue, a national census has not been conducted since 1932, before the founding of the modern Lebanese state. Consequently, there is an absence of accurate data on the relative percentages of the population of the major religions and groups. The absence of",
"title": "Demographics of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "10724119",
"text": "Druze, Alawites, and Ismailis. Lebanese Sunnites are mainly residents of the major cities: west Beirut, Tripoli, and Sidon. Sunnis are also present in rural areas including Akkar, Ikleem al Kharoub, and the western Beqaa Valley. Lebanese Shiites are concentrated in Southern Lebanon, Baalbek District, Hermel District and the south Beirut (southern parts of Greater Beirut). Lebanese Druze are concentrated south of Mount Lebanon, in the Hasbaya District and Chouf District. Under the Lebanese political division (Parliament of Lebanon Seat Allocation) the Druze community is designated as one of the five Lebanese Muslim communities (Sunni, Shia, Druze, Alawi, and Ismaili). Lebanese",
"title": "Religion in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "18219866",
"text": "30 November 2018, the official distribution of registered refugees is as follows: Of the registered refugees, 55.6% are between the ages of 0-17. Along with Syrians, the influx of refugees due to the conflict includes 35,000 Lebanese returnees and 31,502 Palestinian refugees from Syria. Given the estimated population of Lebanon at 5.9 million, the 1.5 million Syrian refugees make Lebanon the country with the highest number of refugees per capita - with 1 refugee for every 4 nationals. Syrian refugee statistics documented by the UNHCR were ordered to cease in 2015 by the Lebanese government, the reason behind this is",
"title": "Syrians in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234608",
"text": "until the middle of the nineteenth century. During Ottoman rule the term Syria was used to designate the approximate area including present-day Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Israel/Palestine. The Maans came to Lebanon from Yemen sometime in the 11th or 12th centuries. They were a tribe and dynasty of Qahtani Arabs who settled on the southwestern slopes of the Lebanon Mountains and soon adopted the Druze religion. Their authority began to rise with Fakhr ad-Din I, who was permitted by Ottoman authorities to organize his own army, and reached its peak with Fakhr ad-Din II (1570–1635). (The existence of \"Fakhr ad-Din",
"title": "History of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "11974337",
"text": "traders who sell textiles and clothes and open new markets. Lebanese-Brazilians are well-integrated into Brazilian society. Please see \"List of Lebanese people in Brazil\" Lebanese Brazilians Lebanese Brazilians (), (Arabic: البرازيلي اللبناني) are Brazilians of full, partial, or predominantly Lebanese ancestry, or Lebanese-born immigrants in Brazil. Until 1922, Levantine immigrants were considered \"Turks\", as they carried passports issued by the Turkish Ottoman Empire, which then ruled over present-day Lebanon. The population of Brazil of either full or partial Lebanese descent is estimated by the Brazilian and Lebanese governments to be around 7 million people. According to a research conducted by",
"title": "Lebanese Brazilians"
},
{
"id": "17388271",
"text": "their own passport. Most visitors arriving to Lebanon were from the following countries of nationality: Visa policy of Lebanon The visa policy of Lebanon deals with the requirements which a foreign national wishing to enter the Republic of Lebanon must meet to be permitted to travel to, enter and remain in the country. Lebanese visas are documents issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its subsequent diplomatic missions abroad with the stated goal of regulating and facilitating migratory flows. Visitors to the Republic of Lebanon must obtain a visa from one of the Diplomatic missions of the Republic of",
"title": "Visa policy of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "17047682",
"text": "the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in 1985 put the numbers of Muslims (Shia 41%, Sunni 27%, Druze 7%) at 75% of the population (1,667,000 of 2,228,000). Under the terms of an agreement known as the National Pact between the various political and religious leaders of Lebanon, the president of the country must be a Maronite, the Prime Minister must be a Sunnite, and the Speaker of Parliament must be a Shiite. Although Lebanon is a secular country, family matters such as marriage, divorce and inheritance are still handled by the religious authorities representing a person's faith. Calls for civil marriage",
"title": "Islam in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "12242369",
"text": "History of Lebanon under Ottoman rule The Ottoman Empire at least nominally ruled Lebanon from its conquest in 1516 until the end of World War I in 1918. The Ottoman sultan, Salim II (1516–20), invaded Syria and Lebanon in 1516. Salim I, moved by the eloquence of the Lebanese ruler Amir Fakhr ad Din I (1516–44), decided to grant the Lebanese amirs a semiautonomous status. The Ottomans, through the Maans, a great Druze feudal family, and the Shihabs, a Sunni Muslim family that had converted to Christianity, ruled Lebanon until the middle of the nineteenth century. It was during Ottoman",
"title": "History of Lebanon under Ottoman rule"
},
{
"id": "3832890",
"text": "Selim Hoss Selim Ahmed Hoss (spelled \"Salim Al-Hoss\" on his website, Arabic: سليم أحمد الحص) (born 20 December 1929) is a veteran Lebanese politician. He was a Prime Minister of Lebanon and a longtime Member of Parliament representing his hometown, Beirut. He is known as a technocrat. Hoss was born into a Sunni Muslim family in Beirut in 1929. He received his undergraduate degree in economics from the American University of Beirut and a PhD in business and economics from Indiana University in the United States. El-Hoss served as prime minister of Lebanon four times. The first was from 1976",
"title": "Selim Hoss"
},
{
"id": "7226608",
"text": "Khouri Khoury (also transliterated as \"Khouri\" (, \"Χούρι\"(Greek) () is an Arabic surname that is common to Christians in the Middle East. The term Khoury means \"priest\" in Arabic. It derives from the Latin word \"curia\". Although most popular amongst the population in Lebanon, where it is the 2nd most common surname, the name can also be found within Christian communities in Israel, Syria Palestine, and Jordan It is often given as a last name to a new priest or minister, replacing the old one and to the children of the married priest and their descendants. In the Maronite Church,",
"title": "Khouri"
},
{
"id": "18493754",
"text": "Lebanese people in Syria The Lebanese people in Syria are people from Lebanon or those of Lebanese descent who live in the country of Syria. There are many prominent people in Syria who are of Lebanese descent. On 1 September 1920, France reestablished Greater Lebanon after the Moutasarrifiya rule removed several regions belonging to the Principality of Lebanon and gave them to Syria. The exact population of Lebanese people in Syria is quite difficult to define. In terms of social consequences, the division of Bilad al-Sham presented many dilemmas for its inhabitants. For example, up until 1950, many Lebanese who",
"title": "Lebanese people in Syria"
},
{
"id": "431195",
"text": "Tyre, Lebanon Tyre ( \"Ṣūr\"; Phoenician: \"Ṣūr\"; Syriac-Aramaic: ܣܘܪ, \"Tzór\"; Greek: Τύρος \"Týros\"; ; \"Tir\"; ), sometimes romanized as Sour, is a district capital in the South Governorate of Lebanon. There were approximately 117,000 inhabitants in 2003. However, the government of Lebanon has released only rough estimates of population numbers since 1932, so an accurate statistical accounting is not possible. Tyre juts out from the coast of the Mediterranean and is located about south of Beirut. The name of the city means \"rock\" after the rocky formation on which the town was originally built. The adjective for Tyre is \"Tyrian\",",
"title": "Tyre, Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234644",
"text": "the independence of Lebanon. On November 26, 1941, General Georges Catroux announced that Lebanon would become independent under the authority of the Free French government. Elections were held in 1943 and on November 8, 1943 the new Lebanese government unilaterally abolished the mandate. The French reacted by throwing the new government into prison. In the face of international pressure, the French released the government officials on November 22, 1943 and accepted the independence of Lebanon. The allies kept the region under control until the end of World War II. The last French troops withdrew in 1946. Lebanon's history since independence",
"title": "History of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "5305600",
"text": "President of Lebanon The President of the Lebanese Republic is the head of state of Lebanon. The president is elected by the parliament for a term of six years, which is not immediately renewable. By convention, the president is always a Maronite Christian. From the expiration of the term of President Michel Suleiman in May 2014 until October 31, 2016, the parliament was unable to obtain the majority required to elect a president, and the office was vacant for almost two and a half years, despite more than 30 votes being held. On October 31, 2016, the parliament finally elected",
"title": "President of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "6343464",
"text": "southern part of the governorate it is a mix of Christian, Druze and Sunni. As a whole the governorate, not including Beirut which is its own governorate, is 80% Christian, 10% Druze, with the remaining 10% evenly split between Sunnis and Shi'as. Overall, Lebanon's population of 5 million (not counting 2 million refugees) is 40% Christian, 55% Muslim and 5% Druze. Mount Lebanon Governorate Mount Lebanon Governorate () is one of the eight governorates of Lebanon. Its capital is located in Baabda. An outright majority of the population (approx. 80%) is Christian (chiefly Maronite, Greek Orthodox, and Melkite), with minorities",
"title": "Mount Lebanon Governorate"
},
{
"id": "234569",
"text": "Lebanese have been affected by armed conflict; those with direct personal experience include 75% of the population, and most others report suffering a range of hardships. In total, almost the entire population (96%) has been affected in some way – either personally or because of the wider consequences of armed conflict. Lebanon is the most religiously diverse country in the Middle East. the CIA World Factbook estimates the following: Muslim 54% (27% Sunni Islam, 27% Shia Islam), Christian 40.5% (includes 21% Maronite Catholic, 8% Greek Orthodox, 5% Melkite Catholic, 1% Protestant, 5.5% other Christian), Druze 5.6%, very small numbers of",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234521",
"text": "between 174,000 and 450,000 Palestinian refugees live in Lebanon with about half in refugee camps (although these are often decades old and resemble neighborhoods). Palestinians often cannot obtain Lebanese citizenship or even Lebanese identity cards so many are legally barred from owning property or performing certain occupations (including law, medicine, and engineering). According to Human Rights Watch, Palestinian refugees in Lebanon live in \"appalling social and economic conditions.\" In 1958, during the last months of President Camille Chamoun's term, an insurrection broke out, instigated by Lebanese Muslims who wanted to make Lebanon a member of the United Arab Republic. Chamoun",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "2491329",
"text": "Amine Gemayel Amine Pierre Gemayel (; born 22 January 1942) is a Lebanese politician who was President of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988 and was the leader of Kataeb Party. Gemayel was elected to the presidency by the National Assembly on 21 September 1982, in place of his brother Bachir Gemayel who had been elected the previous month but had been assassinated before taking office. Gemayel descends from a Maronite Christian family (the Gemayels) with a long tradition in Lebanon. The Gemayel family are originally from the northern region of Mount Lebanon. His ancestors settled in the town of Bikfayya,",
"title": "Amine Gemayel"
},
{
"id": "18349836",
"text": "Polish people in Lebanon Polish people in Lebanon may refer to people born in or residing in Lebanon of full or partial Polish origin. They are a small group in Lebanon. Almost all of which live in Beirut. The first mention of Poles in the areas of modern Lebanon was from the time of the Crusades, which were attended by Polish nobles, as well as numerous pilgrimages to the Holy Land. From this period comes the first recorded pilgrim brother Anselm of Bernardine order that contains a reference to passing through Lebanon. First described the Lebanese lands Prince Nicholas Krzysztof",
"title": "Polish people in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234747",
"text": "data and comprehensive statistics concerns also concerns all other demographic studies unrelated to religious balance, due to the all but total inactivity of the concerned public agencies. The only recent (post-war) statistics available are estimates based on studies made by private organizations. There are from 8.6 to 14 million Lebanese and descendants of Lebanese worldwide. The biggest study made after the independence on the Lebanese Population was made by the Central Administration of Statistics (in French: \"Administration Centrale de la Statistique\") under the direction of Robert Kasparian and Mgr. Grégoire Haddad's Social Movement: \"L'enquête par sondage sur la population active",
"title": "Demographics of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "5117562",
"text": "ISO 3166-2:LB ISO 3166-2:LB is the entry for Lebanon in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Currently for Lebanon, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined for eight governorates. Aakkâr Governorate (which contains the current Aakkâr District) and Baalbek-Hermel Governorate (which contains the current Baalbek District and Hermel District), which are listed, are in the process of being implemented after having been approved for creation in 2003. Each code consists of",
"title": "ISO 3166-2:LB"
},
{
"id": "234606",
"text": "Italian city-states. (\"See also Levantines\") The mountainous territory of Mount Lebanon has long been a shelter for minority and persecuted groups, including its historic Maronite Christian majority and Druze communities. It was an autonomous region of the Ottoman Empire. Starting from the 13th century, the Ottoman Turks formed an empire which came to encompass the Balkans, Middle East and North Africa. The Ottoman sultan Selim I (1516–20), after defeating the Persians, conquered the Mamluks. His troops, invading Syria, destroyed Mamluk resistance in 1516 at Marj Dabaq, north of Aleppo. During the conflict between the Mamluks and the Ottomans, the amirs",
"title": "History of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "19119829",
"text": "French language in Lebanon French language in Lebanon is the second language of the country, also a law determines the cases in which the French language is to be used within government, and is often used as a prestige language for business, diplomacy and education. The use of the French language is a legacy of the time of the French Crusades and France's historic ties to the region, including its League of Nations mandate over Lebanon following World War I; as of 2004, some 20% of the population used French on a daily basis. Formerly under French mandate, independent Republic",
"title": "French language in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "17388256",
"text": "Visa policy of Lebanon The visa policy of Lebanon deals with the requirements which a foreign national wishing to enter the Republic of Lebanon must meet to be permitted to travel to, enter and remain in the country. Lebanese visas are documents issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its subsequent diplomatic missions abroad with the stated goal of regulating and facilitating migratory flows. Visitors to the Republic of Lebanon must obtain a visa from one of the Diplomatic missions of the Republic of Lebanon unless they come from one of the 7 visa-exempt countries and territories or one",
"title": "Visa policy of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234653",
"text": "of the civil war, foreign invasions and international intervention. The consequences of the PLO's arrival in Lebanon continue to this day. The Lebanese Civil War had its origin in the conflicts and political compromises of Lebanon's colonial period and was exacerbated by the nation's changing demographic trends, inter-religious strife, and proximity to Syria, the Palestine Liberation Organization, and Israel. By 1975, Lebanon was a religiously and ethnically diverse country with most dominant groups of Maronite Christians, Orthodox Christians, Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims; with significant minorities of Druze, Kurds, Armenians, and Palestinian refugees and their descendants. Events and political movements",
"title": "History of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "11665830",
"text": "evangelicals (including Protestant groups such as the Baptists and Seventh-day Adventists), and Latins (Roman Catholic). Other non-native to Lebanon Christian groups are divided among Armenian Orthodox (Gregorians), Armenian Catholics, Syriac Orthodox (Jacobites), Syriac Catholics, Assyrians (Nestorians), Chaldean, and Copts. The Lebanese Druze, who refer to themselves as al-Muwahhideen, or \"believers in one God,\" are concentrated in the rural, mountainous areas east and south of Beirut. Divisions and rivalries between various groups date back many centuries, and while relationships between religious adherents of different confessions were generally amicable, group identity was highly significant in most aspects of cultural interaction. Foreign missionaries",
"title": "Freedom of religion in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "7621806",
"text": "Greek Catholics have been able to strike a balance between their openness to the Arab world and their identification with the West. Greek Catholics are estimated to constitute 5% of the population. The Protestant Christianity in Lebanon is the fourth largest Christian denomination among the Lebanese people, representing 1% of the Lebanese population. Most Protestants in Lebanon were converted by missionaries, primarily English and American, during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. They are divided into a number of denominations, including Presbyterian, Congregational, and Anglican. They are perceived by some to number disproportionately highly among the professional middle class. They constitute",
"title": "Christianity in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "7621799",
"text": "Sufayr (also spelled Sfeir) was the Maronite Patriarch. Besides the Beirut archdiocese, nine other archdioceses and dioceses are in the Middle East: Aleppo, Damascus, Jubayl-Al Batrun, Cyprus, Baalbek, Tripoli, Tyre, Sidon, and Cairo. Parishes and independent dioceses are situated in Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, the United States, Canada, Mexico, Côte d'Ivoire, and Senegal. There are four minor seminaries in Lebanon (Al Batrun, Ghazir, Ayn Saadah, and Trablous) and a faculty of theology at the University of the Holy Spirit at Al Kaslik, which is run by the Maronite Monastic Order. The patriarch is elected in a secret ceremony by a synod",
"title": "Christianity in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "4750117",
"text": "Parliament of Lebanon The Parliament of Lebanon ( \"Majlis an-Nuwwab\"; ) is the national parliament of Lebanon. There are 128 members elected to a four-year term in multi-member constituencies, apportioned among Lebanon's diverse Christian and Muslim denominations. Lebanon has universal adult suffrage. Its major functions are to elect the President of the republic, to approve the government (although appointed by the President, the Prime Minister, along with the Cabinet, must retain the confidence of a majority in the Parliament), and to approve laws and expenditure. On 15 May 2013, the Parliament extended its mandate for 17 months, due to the",
"title": "Parliament of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234496",
"text": "more than seven thousand years, predating recorded history. Lebanon was the home of the Canaanites/Phoenicians and their kingdoms, a maritime culture that flourished for over a thousand years (c. 1550–539 BC). In 64 BC, the region came under the rule of the Roman Empire, and eventually became one of the Empire's leading centers of Christianity. In the Mount Lebanon range a monastic tradition known as the Maronite Church was established. As the Arab Muslims conquered the region, the Maronites held onto their religion and identity. However, a new religious group, the Druze, established themselves in Mount Lebanon as well, generating",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "7621783",
"text": "AD, its spread was very slow, particularly in the mountainous areas where paganism was still unyielding. The earliest indisputable tradition of Christianity in Lebanon can be traced back to Saint Maron in the 4th century AD, being of Greek/Eastern/Antiochian Orthodox origin and the founder of national and ecclesiastical Maronitism. Saint Maron adopted an ascetic and reclusive life on the banks of the Orontes river in the vicinity of Homs–Syria and founded a community of monks which began to preach the gospel in the surrounding areas. By faith, liturgy, rite, religious books and heritage, the Maronites were of Orthodox origin. The",
"title": "Christianity in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "17773637",
"text": "Driving licence in Lebanon In the Republic of Lebanon, a driver's license is the official document which authorises its holder to operate various types of motor vehicles on highways and some other roads to which the public have access and are issued by each individual canton (, ). In domestic non-electronic identification the driving license has remained in a leading position, since most of the population have to have a license anyway, and a driving license is valid for almost every situation where non-electronic personal identification is needed even though they are not officially recognized as such. The Republic of",
"title": "Driving licence in Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "234506",
"text": "region that is now Lebanon, as with the rest of Syria and much of Anatolia, became a major center of Christianity in the Roman Empire during the early spread of the religion. During the late 4th and early 5th century, a hermit named Maron established a monastic tradition focused on the importance of monotheism and asceticism, near the Mediterranean mountain range known as Mount Lebanon. The monks who followed Maron spread his teachings among Lebanese in the region. These Christians came to be known as Maronites and moved into the mountains to avoid religious persecution by Roman authorities. During the",
"title": "Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "14239424",
"text": "their territory such as the prospective entrant not having a criminal history or health issues and presenting evidence of sufficient funds or a ticket for exit and many other factors. General visa requirements of fully internationally recognized sovereign countries and territories towards citizens of the Republic of Lebanon: ! style=\"width:18%;\"| Country ! style=\"width:22%;\"| Visa requirement ! Allowed stay ! Notes (excluding departure fees) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Visa requirements for Lebanese citizens Visa requirements for citizens of the Republic of Lebanon are administrative entry restrictions",
"title": "Visa requirements for Lebanese citizens"
},
{
"id": "234601",
"text": "mountains and coast of Lebanon. These Lebanese Christians came to be known as Maronites, and moved into the mountains to avoid religious persecution by Roman authorities. During the frequent Roman–Persian Wars that lasted for many centuries, the Sassanid Persians occupied what is now Lebanon from 619 to 629. During the 7th century AD the Muslim Arabs conquered Syria soon after the death of Muhammad, establishing a new regime to replace the Romans (or Byzantines as the Eastern Romans are sometimes called). Though Islam and the Arabic language were officially dominant under this new regime, the general populace still took time",
"title": "History of Lebanon"
},
{
"id": "1213468",
"text": "Lebanon, Pennsylvania Lebanon () is a city in and the county seat of Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 25,477 at the 2010 census, a 4.2% increase from the 2000 count of 24,461. Lebanon is located in the central part of the Lebanon Valley, east of Harrisburg and west of Reading. Lebanon was founded by George Steitz in 1740 and was originally named Steitztown. Native tribes in the area of what is now Lebanon included the Shawnee, Susquehannock, Gawanese, Lenape (or Delaware), and Nanticoke peoples. Lebanon was settled by European colonists in 1720, many with the family names",
"title": "Lebanon, Pennsylvania"
},
{
"id": "5305601",
"text": "Michel Aoun as President. The constitution requires the president hold the same qualifications as a member of Parliament (also called the Chamber of Deputies), which are Lebanese citizenship and attainment of the age of twenty-one. Though not specifically stated in the constitution, an understanding known as the National Pact, agreed in 1943, customarily limits the office to members of the Maronite Christian faith. This is based on a gentlemen's agreement between Lebanon's Maronite Christian President Bechara El Khoury and his Sunni Muslim Prime Minister Riad Al Solh, which was reached in 1943, when Lebanon became independent of France, and described",
"title": "President of Lebanon"
}
] | what do you call a person from lebanon |
[
"Elvis Presley",
"The Beatles"
] | [
{
"id": "402520",
"text": "they each enjoyed success as solo artists. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001. McCartney and Starr remain musically active. The Beatles are the best-selling band in history, with estimated sales of over 800 million records worldwide. They are the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988, and all four main members were inducted individually from 1994 to 2015. They have also had more number-one albums on the British charts and",
"title": "The Beatles"
},
{
"id": "402645",
"text": "the Beatles have four Multi-Platinum albums, four Platinum albums, eight Gold albums and one Silver album. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. The best-selling band in history, the Beatles have sold more than 800 million physical and digital albums . They have had more number-one albums on the UK charts, fifteen, and sold more singles in the UK, 21.9 million, than any other act. In 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked the Beatles as the best artist of all time. They ranked number one on \"Billboard\" magazine's list of the all-time most successful Hot 100",
"title": "The Beatles"
},
{
"id": "20772181",
"text": "Record sales Music recording sales, commonly called record sales, are activities related to selling albums, singles, or music videos through record shops or online music store. Record sales reached the peak in 1999, when 600 million people spent an average of $64 in buying records, bringing a total of $40 billion sales of recorded music. Sales continued declining in the 21st century. The collapse of record sales also made artists rely on touring for most of their income. According to \"Guinness World Records\", Michael Jackson's 1982 album \"Thriller\" remains the best-selling album in history, with an estimated 66 million copies",
"title": "Record sales"
},
{
"id": "402646",
"text": "artists, released in 2008 to celebrate the US singles chart's 50th anniversary. , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, with twenty. The Recording Industry Association of America certifies that the Beatles have sold 178 million units in the US, more than any other artist. They were collectively included in \"Time\" magazine's compilation of . In 2014, they received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Principal members Early members Touring musician Timeline The above albums were reissued on CD in 1987, followed by the 1988 compilations \"Past Masters – Volume One\" and \"Past Masters –",
"title": "The Beatles"
},
{
"id": "20772182",
"text": "sold worldwide. \"Candle in the Wind 1997\" is the best-selling physical single of all time with 33 million copies sold. Although precise worldwide sales figure is hard to obtain, it is widely acknowledged that the Beatles have sold more records than any other artist in the history of recorded music. Before the existence of recording medium and its player, the music industry earned profit through selling musical compositions on sheet music. The very first sales chart published by \"Billboard\" magazine in the United States was the \"Sheet Music Best Sellers\" chart. Following the invention of the phonograph by Thomas Edison",
"title": "Record sales"
},
{
"id": "119134",
"text": "146.5 million certified album sales in the U.S., third all time behind the Beatles and Garth Brooks. He holds the records for most gold albums (117, more than twice as many as second-place Barbra Streisand's 51), most platinum albums (67), and most multi-platinum albums (27). His total of 197 album certification awards (including one diamond award), far outpaces the Beatles' second-best 122. He has the most gold singles (54) and the fourth-most platinum singles (27, behind Rihanna, Taylor Swift, and Chris Brown). A vast number of recordings have been issued under Presley's name. The total number of his original master",
"title": "Elvis Presley"
},
{
"id": "246589",
"text": "guitar solos and subtle lyrics dealing with suicide and redemption. Metallica has become one of the most influential heavy metal bands of all time, and is credited as one of the \"big four\" of thrash metal, along with Slayer, Anthrax, and Megadeth. The band has sold more than 125 million records worldwide, including an RIAA-certified 66 million and Nielsen SoundScan-reported 58,000,000 in the US, making Metallica one of the most commercially successful bands of all time. The writers of \"The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll\" said Metallica gave heavy metal \"a much-needed charge\". Stephen Thomas Erlewine and Greg",
"title": "Metallica"
},
{
"id": "6467603",
"text": "became the fifth recipient of the award With estimated sales as high as 65 million copies worldwide, his 1982 album \"Thriller\" remains the best-selling album of all time. Jackson is reported by his estate to have sold as much as 350 million units throughout the world. Following Jackson's acknowledgement in 2006, The Beatles became the sixth act and second band to be honored with the Diamond award, after receiving it in 2008. The English group are the biggest-selling band in musical history, with alleged sales of 1 billion units worldwide. Overall, four solo musicians and two bands have received the",
"title": "Chopard Diamond award"
},
{
"id": "11375129",
"text": "World Records\" (eight in 2006 alone), including for the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time, 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award), 26 American Music Awards (including the \"Artist of the Century\" and \"Artist of the 1980s\"),—more than any artist—13 number-one singles in the US in his solo career—more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era—and estimated sales of over 350 million records worldwide making him one of the best-selling artists in music history. On December 29, 2009, the American Film Institute recognized Jackson's death as a \"moment",
"title": "Michael Jackson"
},
{
"id": "246518",
"text": "\"Billboard\" 200. Metallica ranks as one of the most commercially successful bands of all time, having sold over 125 million albums worldwide as of 2018. Metallica has been listed as one of the greatest artists of all time by magazines such as \"Rolling Stone\", which ranked them at no. 61 on its \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\" list. As of 2017, Metallica is the third best-selling music artist since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991, selling a total of 58 million albums in the United States. Metallica was formed in Los Angeles, California, in late 1981 when Danish-born",
"title": "Metallica"
},
{
"id": "16303226",
"text": "146.5 million albums units only in the United States, making him the second best selling solo albums artist of all time in this country, and the biggest selling solo artist of all time. He is in the U.S second overall, behind Garth Brooks and The Beatles. According to Presley's record label, RCA, their estimation is the best selling artist of all time, with sales to over 1.5 billion records worldwide in all formats (600 million only in the United States). Notes FTD (Follow That Dream), Sony Music's Official Elvis Presley Collectors label, was established in 1999 to serve the dedicated",
"title": "Elvis Presley albums discography"
},
{
"id": "11374985",
"text": "Awards—more than any other artist—including the \"Artist of the Century\", 13 number-one singles in the United States during his solo career—more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era. \"Thriller\" is the best-selling album of all time, with estimated sales of 66 million copies worldwide. Jackson's other albums, including \"Off the Wall\" (1979), \"Bad\" (1987), \"Dangerous\" (1991), and \"\" (1995), also rank among the world's best-selling albums. Jackson became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in five different decades when \"Love Never Felt So Good\" reached number nine",
"title": "Michael Jackson"
},
{
"id": "11028375",
"text": "have covered his Beatles song \"Yesterday\", making it one of the most covered songs in popular music history. Wings' 1977 release \"Mull of Kintyre\" is one of the all-time best-selling singles in the UK. A two-time inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (as a member of the Beatles in 1988, and as a solo artist in 1999), and an 18-time Grammy Award winner, McCartney has written, or co-written, 32 songs that have reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and he had 25.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States. McCartney, Lennon, George Harrison and Ringo",
"title": "Paul McCartney"
},
{
"id": "156606",
"text": "officially passed the Beatles as the top-selling act of the past 20 years, moving 68.5 million units worldwide, almost 5 million more than the Beatles. In May 2014, Brooks' total album sales reached 69,544,000 copies, which makes him the best-selling album artist in the U.S., ahead of the Beatles (65,730,000), Metallica (54,365,000), Mariah Carey (54,280,000) and Celine Dion (52,234,000). In September 2016, Brooks became the first and only artist in music history to now achieve seven career Diamond Award albums, according to the RIAA. In 2014 Brooks was awarded the Arkansas Traveler certificate. Garth Brooks Troyal Garth Brooks (born February",
"title": "Garth Brooks"
},
{
"id": "7771999",
"text": "which, \"custom, codependancies, and psychopathologies\", contribute to his angst, according to Reisch. Pink Floyd are one of the most commercially successful and influential rock bands of all time. They have sold more than 250 million records worldwide, including 75 million certified units in the United States, and 37.9 million albums sold in the US since 1993. The \"Sunday Times Rich List\", Music Millionaires 2013 (UK), ranked Waters at number 12 with an estimated fortune of £150 million, Gilmour at number 27 with £85 million and Mason at number 37 with £50 million. In 2004, MSNBC ranked Pink Floyd number 8",
"title": "Pink Floyd"
},
{
"id": "2200466",
"text": "Love in the World\", and \"The End of the Innocence\". The Eagles have sold over 150 million albums worldwide, won six Grammy Awards, had five No. 1 singles, 17 Top 40 singles, and six No. 1 albums. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998 and are the biggest selling American band in history. As a solo artist, Henley has sold over 10 million albums worldwide, had eight Top 40 singles, won two Grammy Awards and five MTV Video Music Awards. Combined with the Eagles and as a solo artist, Henley has released 25 Top",
"title": "Don Henley"
},
{
"id": "1453942",
"text": "Bee Gees, a group near the top of the all-time top-sellers list. When the group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997, their citation read \"Only Elvis Presley, The Beatles, Michael Jackson, Garth Brooks and Paul McCartney have outsold the Bee Gees\". The trio's contribution to \"Saturday Night Fever\" pushed the film's soundtrack past the 40 million mark in sales. It reigned as the top-selling album until Michael Jackson's \"Thriller\". They are the only group in pop history to write, produce and record six straight No.1 hits. They have 16 Grammy nominations and nine Grammy",
"title": "Barry Gibb"
},
{
"id": "1562160",
"text": "sold more singles in the UK, 21.9 million, than any other act. In the United States, the band topped \"Billboard\"s list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, released in 2008 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the magazine's singles chart. , they held the record for the most number-one hits on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, with twenty. Among thousands of cover versions of their compositions, by a wide range of artists, \"Yesterday\" is one of the most covered songs in the history of recorded music. In 1999, the Beatles were collectively included in \"Time\" magazine's compilation of .",
"title": "Cultural impact of the Beatles"
},
{
"id": "907137",
"text": "of America. By 2006, both albums were among the top three best-selling albums in the United States. \"Hotel California\" is ranked 37th in \"Rolling Stone\"s list of \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" and the band was ranked number 75 on the magazine's 2004 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. The Eagles are one of the world's best-selling bands in history, having sold more than 150 million records—100 million in the U.S. alone. \"Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)\" is the number one selling album in the US with more than 38 million sales streams and \"Hotel California\"",
"title": "Eagles (band)"
},
{
"id": "6106578",
"text": "all time, grossing over $562 million by December 2018. In their early years, the band's hedonism and rebelliousness drew comparisons to the early Rolling Stones and earned them the nickname \"the most dangerous band in the world.\" The band's classic lineup, along with later members Reed and drummer Matt Sorum, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012, its first year of eligibility. Guns N' Roses have sold more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st-bestselling artist of all time. In 1984, Hollywood Rose member Izzy Stradlin",
"title": "Guns N' Roses"
},
{
"id": "4661757",
"text": "music across many genres. In 2013, she received Artist Achievement Award at the 38th Annual New York Honors Gala held by the T.J. Martell Foundation. In 2014, she was honored by the Country Radio Broadcasters' Board of Directors with the CRB Artist Humanitarian Award at the 2014 Country Radio Seminar. Regarded as one of the most successful artists in any musical genre, , Underwood has sold more than 65 million records worldwide. In the US, she has sold 16.3 million albums making her the best-selling album artist in history of the \"American Idol\" franchise, with \"Billboard\" calling her the ultimate",
"title": "Carrie Underwood"
},
{
"id": "8529439",
"text": "and Spotify combined, making her the most streamed female in 2017 across the globe. Shakira has received numerous awards, including 3 Grammy Awards, 13 Latin Grammy Awards, 5 MTV Video Music Awards, 7 Billboard Music Awards, 39 Billboard Latin Music Awards and has been Golden Globe-nominated. She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and sold an estimated 140 million records (over 50 million albums sold by 2007 according to BMI, over 70 million albums sold as of 2018) with over 33.7 million estimated records sold in the United States (as of 2018). In terms of streams, she",
"title": "Shakira"
},
{
"id": "1466960",
"text": "Music of the United States The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European cultures among others. The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, and salsa. The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of",
"title": "Music of the United States"
},
{
"id": "1467059",
"text": "\"Billboard\" Hot 100 is the top pop music chart for singles, a recording consisting of a handful of songs; longer pop recordings are albums, and are tracked by the \"Billboard\" 200. Though recorded music is commonplace in American homes, many of the music industry's revenue comes from a small number of devotees; for example, 62% of album sales come from less than 25% of the music-buying audience. Total CD sales in the United States topped 705 million units sold in 2005, and singles sales just under three million. Though the major record companies dominate the American music industry, an independent",
"title": "Music of the United States"
},
{
"id": "1355410",
"text": "in the US and an estimated 150 million worldwide, making him one of the world's best-selling artists. He is one of only two recording artists, along with Paul McCartney, who have sold over 100 million records worldwide both as solo artists and separately as principal members of a band. He has won eight Grammy Awards, six Brit Awards—winning Best British Male three times—two Golden Globe Awards, one Academy Award, and a Disney Legend Award. He has received six Ivor Novello Awards from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors, including the International Achievement Award. He received a star on",
"title": "Phil Collins"
},
{
"id": "11437255",
"text": "adults who grew up during the 1940s and early 1950s, and not the rock record-buying youth); his most successful hits of the decade were \"It's Impossible\" (1970) and the Don McLean song \"And I Love Her So\" (1973). Two of popular music's most successful artists died within eight weeks of each other in 1977. Elvis Presley, the best-selling singer of all time, died on August 16, 1977. Presley's funeral was held at Graceland, on Thursday, August 18, 1977. Bing Crosby, who sold about half a billion records, died October 14, 1977. His single, White Christmas, remains as the best selling",
"title": "1970s in music"
},
{
"id": "14326998",
"text": "\"Loser Like Me\", charted in the top ten in the US and Canada, and both were certified gold in the US. The cast has also put 51 singles in the top 40 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and are ahead of The Beatles as of October 2013, behind only Lil Wayne with 64, Elton John with 57 and Elvis Presley with 80. As of April 2013, the cast has sold more than 53 million songs and over 13 million albums worldwide including 45.2 million downloads and 7.9 million albums sold in the U.S. alone as of March 2015. </div> Glee",
"title": "Glee albums discography"
},
{
"id": "402521",
"text": "sold more singles in the UK than any other act. In 2008, the group topped \"Billboard\" magazine's list of the all-time most successful artists; , they hold the record for most number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with twenty. They have received seven Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. They were also collectively included in \"Time\" magazine's compilation of . In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a skiffle group with several friends from Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing",
"title": "The Beatles"
},
{
"id": "995785",
"text": "Rod Stewart Sir Roderick David Stewart, (born 10 January 1945) is a British rock singer and songwriter. Born and raised in London, he is of Scottish and English ancestry. Stewart is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold over 100 million records worldwide. He has had six consecutive number one albums in the UK and his tally of 62 UK hit singles includes 31 that reached the top ten, six of which gained the #1 position. Stewart has had 16 top ten singles in the US, with four reaching #1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. He",
"title": "Rod Stewart"
},
{
"id": "823686",
"text": "of nine weeks at the top. In all, \"The Beatles\" spent 186 weeks on the \"Billboard\" 200. The album has sold over 9.5 million copies in the United States alone and according to the Recording Industry Association of America, \"The Beatles\" is the Beatles' most-certified album, at 19-times platinum. All tracks written by Lennon–McCartney, except where noted. Lead singer credits per Castleman and Podrazik's 1976 book \"All Together Now\". The Beatles Guest musicians Session musicians Production Original release 1987 reissue 2009 reissue 2018 reissue Footnotes Citations Sources Further reading The Beatles (album) The Beatles, also known as The White Album,",
"title": "The Beatles (album)"
},
{
"id": "864008",
"text": "construction in Australia. The City of Minneapolis, Minnesota declared May 23 Beyoncé Day in the city in 2016. In 2018, the City of Columbia, South Carolina declared August 21 Beyoncé Knowles-Carter Day in the city after presenting her with the keys to Columbia. Beyoncé has received numerous awards. As a solo artist she has sold over 17 million albums in the US, and over 100 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed Beyoncé as the top certified",
"title": "Beyoncé"
},
{
"id": "17934470",
"text": "\"Like a Rolling Stone\" (1965) as the most highly rated song of all time. Additionally, the Beatles are the most acclaimed band, Dylan is the most acclaimed male artist, and Madonna is the most acclaimed female artist. Acclaimed Music Acclaimed Music is a website created by Henrik Franzon, a statistician from Stockholm, Sweden in September 2001. Franzon has statistically aggregated hundreds of published lists that rank songs and albums into aggregated rankings by year, decade and all-time. Lists that are submitted by readers to magazines or websites are excluded from the aggregation. Author Michaelangelo Matos writes that \"Franzon's methods are",
"title": "Acclaimed Music"
},
{
"id": "1918948",
"text": "Kenny Rogers Kenneth Ray Rogers (born August 21, 1938) is an American singer, songwriter, actor, record producer, and entrepreneur. He is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame. Though he has been most successful with country audiences, Rogers has charted more than 120 hit singles across various music genres, topped the country and pop album charts for more than 200 individual weeks in the United States alone, and has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. On September 25, 2015, Rogers announced on NBC's \"Today Show\" that he",
"title": "Kenny Rogers"
},
{
"id": "53292",
"text": "maintained their success before, during and after the 1964 British Invasion. Between the 1960s and 2010s, they had over eighty songs chart worldwide, thirty-six of them in the US Top 40 charts (the most by a US rock band), and four reaching number-one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. They have sold in excess of 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling bands of all time and are listed at No. 12 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's 2004 list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\". In 2017, a study of AllMusic's catalog indicated the Beach",
"title": "The Beach Boys"
},
{
"id": "16303264",
"text": "double sided hit. This article lists Elvis Presley’s hits, both A-sides and B-sides, on the Billboard singles charts (Pop/Hot 100, Country, Easy Listening/Adult Contemporary, and Rhythm and Blues), as well as rival music publications, Cash Box and Record World. Another measure of an artist’s popular impact is sales. While Elvis is recognized by many in the recording industry as the best selling artist of all time, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the U.S. recording industry’s official certifying agent for sales, stirred up controversy in November 2007 when it announced that country singer Garth Brooks had become the best",
"title": "Elvis Presley singles discography"
},
{
"id": "1562159",
"text": "of the Beatles' music experiments were also not without precedent. However, no other acts provoked as many changes in the pop mainstream than the Beatles or Dylan, having opened new spaces for creative advancement and exploiting them to an exceeding degree. The Beatles' innovations notably contributed to the new psychedelic and progressive music, and some of the band's unusual production techniques later became part of normal recording practice. As of 2009, the Beatles were the best-selling band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts, fifteen, and",
"title": "Cultural impact of the Beatles"
},
{
"id": "1460408",
"text": "a new record for largest indoor concert in North America. Strait was successful innovating country music and in numerous aspects of being a part of popular music. Strait has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. His certifications from the RIAA include 13 multi-platinum, 33 platinum, and 38 gold albums. His best-selling album is \"Pure Country\" (1992), which sold 6 million (6× platinum). His highest certified album is \"Strait Out of the Box\" (1995), which sold 2 million copies (8× Platinum due to being a box set with four",
"title": "George Strait"
},
{
"id": "727710",
"text": "tour and record, with their most recent album \"This House Is Not for Sale\" and its associated tour encompassing 2016–19. Bon Jovi has released 13 studio albums, six compilations and three live albums. They have sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making them one of the bestselling American rock bands, and performed more than 2,700 concerts in over 50 countries for more than 34 million fans. Bon Jovi was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2006, and into the US Rock and Roll Hall Of Fame in 2018. The band received the Award of Merit at",
"title": "Bon Jovi"
},
{
"id": "5277815",
"text": "Tonight\" spent 14 weeks at no. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and according to the Recording Industry Association of America, with certified sales it is \"the best-selling single of all time\". The \"Guinness World Records\" 2009 states that the song is \"the biggest-selling single since UK and US singles charts began in the 1950s, having accumulated worldwide sales of 33 million copies\" and is the best-selling single worldwide of all time. John's most successful studio album is his seventh studio album \"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road\", which has sold over 31 million copies worldwide. In July 2013, as John's single",
"title": "Elton John discography"
},
{
"id": "156554",
"text": "Garth Brooks Troyal Garth Brooks (born February 7, 1962) is an American singer and songwriter. His integration of rock and roll elements into the country genre has earned him immense popularity in the United States. Brooks has had great success on the country single and album charts, with multi-platinum recordings and record-breaking live performances, while also crossing over into the mainstream pop arena. According to the RIAA, he is the best-selling solo albums artist in the United States with 148 million domestic units sold, ahead of Elvis Presley, and is second only to The Beatles in total album sales overall.",
"title": "Garth Brooks"
},
{
"id": "4757865",
"text": "whom he parted ways in 1988. 2014's \"High Hopes\" was Springsteen's eleventh #1 album placing him at third all-time for most #1 albums ever trailing only Jay-Z (13) and The Beatles (19). It was also his tenth #1 album in the UK, putting him behind only The Beatles (15), Madonna (12) and Elvis Presley and Robbie Williams (11). Overall, Springsteen has released 18 studio albums, 70 singles, 8 extended plays, 23 live albums, 7 box sets, 8 compilation albums, 57 music videos and 17 home videos. He has sold 64.5 million albums in the US making him the 15th highest-selling",
"title": "Bruce Springsteen discography"
},
{
"id": "20772183",
"text": "in 1877, the music industry began hiring singers to record songs made by composers. Due to the length limit of recording media, singles were the only available commercial releases. In 1900, the US record sales is estimated at about 3 million copies. The music industry continued its growth, and by 1921 the value of record sales in the US reached $106 million with 140 million records being sold. Album sales were first reported by \"Billboard\" magazine on March 24, 1945. However, the album definition at the time was barely boxes containing a set of several singles, such as \"Glenn Miller\"",
"title": "Record sales"
},
{
"id": "10296447",
"text": "in 2018. Underwood has sold in excess of 65 million records globally. In the United States, she remains the best-selling album artist from \"American Idol\" franchise with a total of 16.3 million albums sold. She is the top country artist and the fifth highest-certified female artist on the RIAA Top Artists (Digital Singles) Ranking. She is also the fourth biggest album seller among artists who have debuted the past 13 years. Underwood has accumulated 85 \"Billboard\" number-ones. She has had 15 singles top the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay, and 14 singles top the Hot Country Songs. Underwood has the longest streak",
"title": "Carrie Underwood discography"
},
{
"id": "1562178",
"text": "charts. In the United States for the years 1964 to 1966, the group achieved 12 number-one singles and nine number-one albums on the \"Billboard\" charts; by comparison, the Rolling Stones and the Beach Boys each had three chart-topping singles and one number-one album. In the US, in the case of singles for the decade, the Beatles headed Elvis Presley, Ray Charles, Brenda Lee, the Supremes and the Beach Boys; in albums sales, they were followed by Presley, Sinatra, Herb Alpert, the Kingston Trio and Andy Williams. The Beach Boys, along with the Four Seasons, were the only two American pop",
"title": "Cultural impact of the Beatles"
},
{
"id": "260697",
"text": "top of music charts with \"The Emancipation of Mimi\" (2005). It became the world's second best-selling album of 2005 and produced \"We Belong Together\", which made her the only artist to top the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Decade-End chart twice. With the release of \"Touch My Body\" (2008), Carey gained her 18th number-one single in the United States, more than any other solo artist. Throughout her career, Carey has sold more than 200 million records worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. According to the RIAA, she is the third-best-selling female artist in the United States,",
"title": "Mariah Carey"
},
{
"id": "470520",
"text": "Band\", and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. Seven of the group's albums appeared on \"Rolling Stone\"s 500 Greatest Albums of All Time in 2003, more than any act except the Beatles, Bob Dylan, the Rolling Stones and Bruce Springsteen. The Who The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey, guitarist and singer Pete Townshend, bass guitarist John Entwistle, and drummer Keith Moon. They are considered one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century, selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation",
"title": "The Who"
},
{
"id": "5194136",
"text": "leading some music critics to declare the death of the album. (For instance, the only albums that went platinum in the US in 2014 were the soundtrack to the Disney animated film \"Frozen\" and Taylor Swift's \"1989\", whereas several artists did in 2013.) The following table shows album sales and market value in the world in 2014. Source: IFPI 2014 annual report. In its June 30, 2000 annual report filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Seagram reported that Universal Music Group made 40% of the worldwide classical music sales over the preceding year. Interim physical retail sales in",
"title": "Music industry"
},
{
"id": "12051595",
"text": "soundtrack, which made her the only woman to achieve five US number one albums in the 2010s. Its lead single \"Shallow\" topped the charts in several countries and has been nominated for numerous awards. Having sold 27 million albums and 146 million singles as of January 2016, Gaga is one of the best-selling music artists in history. Her achievements include several \"Guinness World Records\", six Grammys, three Brit Awards, and an award from the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Council of Fashion Designers of America. Gaga has been declared \"Billboard\"s Artist of the Year and included among \"Forbes\"s power",
"title": "Lady Gaga"
},
{
"id": "6106706",
"text": "100 candidates by VH1. Guns N' Roses was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on April 14, 2012 in its first year of eligibility. The group is one of the world's best-selling bands of all time, having sold more than 100 million records worldwide, including shipments of 45 million in the United States. The U.S. release of the PlayStation game \"Mega Man X5\" had the names of the game's bosses changed in honor of the band. Their song \"Sweet Child o' Mine\" has the most views on YouTube for a 1980s music video, and \"November Rain\" has",
"title": "Guns N' Roses"
},
{
"id": "1320559",
"text": "a worldwide audience. The Bee Gees have sold more than 220 million records worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997; the presenter of the award to \"Britain's first family of harmony\" was Brian Wilson, historical leader of The Beach Boys, another \"family act\" featuring three harmonising brothers. The Bee Gees' Hall of Fame citation says, \"Only Elvis Presley, the Beatles, Michael Jackson, Garth Brooks and Paul McCartney have outsold the Bee Gees.\" Following Maurice's death in January 2003, at the age of",
"title": "Bee Gees"
},
{
"id": "119480",
"text": "Frederick Delius, Gustav Holst, Ralph Vaughan Williams and others. Present-day composers from England include Michael Nyman, best known for \"The Piano\", and Andrew Lloyd Webber, whose musicals have achieved enormous success in the West End and worldwide. In the field of popular music, many English bands and solo artists have been cited as the most influential and best-selling musicians of all time. Acts such as The Beatles, Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, Elton John, Queen, Rod Stewart and The Rolling Stones are among the highest selling recording artists in the world. Many musical genres have origins in (or strong associations with)",
"title": "England"
},
{
"id": "16303261",
"text": "selling artist of all time, with sales over 1 billion records worldwide in all formats (600 million in the United States alone). The number of hits Elvis Presley had in the US became a topic of discussion in several news articles when it was announced by \"Billboard\" magazine in April 2008 that Mariah Carey and Madonna had surpassed Elvis Presley in the number of \"Number 1\" and \"Top Ten\" hits, with 18 and 37 hits respectively. Analysts pointed out that the new records had been achieved by reducing Elvis’ numbers, by taking away previously counted \"Number 1\" hits, deeming double-sided",
"title": "Elvis Presley singles discography"
},
{
"id": "256741",
"text": "Machines of Loving Grace, Metallica, Refused, Minor Threat, Fugazi, Descendents, Misfits, Beastie Boys, Run-DMC, A Tribe Called Quest, Rob Base and DJ E-Z Rock, N.W.A, Public Enemy, KRS-One, Boogie Down Productions, Led Zeppelin, Rage Against the Machine, and The Beatles. Linkin Park has sold more than 100 million records. The group's first studio album \"Hybrid Theory\" is one of the best-selling albums in the US (11 million copies shipped) and worldwide (30 million copies sold). \"Billboard\" estimates that Linkin Park earned US$5 million between May 2011 and May 2012, making them the 40th-highest-paid musical artist. 11 of the band's singles",
"title": "Linkin Park"
},
{
"id": "863921",
"text": "of darker themes. Her sixth album, \"Lemonade\" (2016), also received widespread critical acclaim, with many referring to it as her most personal and political work to date, and subsequently became the best-selling album of 2016. In 2018, she released \"Everything Is Love\", a collaborative album with husband Jay-Z, as The Carters. Throughout her career, Beyoncé has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making her one of the world's best-selling music artists. She has won 22 Grammy Awards and is the most nominated woman in the award's history. She is also the most awarded artist at the MTV Video Music Awards,",
"title": "Beyoncé"
},
{
"id": "7758906",
"text": "Elton John Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight, 25 March 1947) is an English singer, pianist, and composer. He has worked with lyricist Bernie Taupin as his songwriting partner since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums. John has sold more than 300million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world. He has more than fifty Top 40 hits, including seven consecutive number one albums in the U.S., 58 \"Billboard\" Top 40 singles, 27 Top 10, four which reached number two and nine which reached number one. His tribute single \"Candle in",
"title": "Elton John"
},
{
"id": "15075935",
"text": "Bruno Mars discography American singer-songwriter Bruno Mars has released three studio albums, two EPs, 25 singles (seven as a featured artist) and three promotional singles. To date, he has sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling artists of all time. Six of his singles are among the best-selling singles of all time: in order of release date, \"Just the Way You Are\", \"Grenade\", \"The Lazy Song\", \"When I Was Your Man\", \"Uptown Funk\" and \"That's What I Like\". As of 2018, the singer’s total single sales exceed 180 million singles worldwide. According to the Recording",
"title": "Bruno Mars discography"
},
{
"id": "429248",
"text": "history of popular music. Other prominent British contributors to have influenced popular music over the last 50 years include The Rolling Stones, Pink Floyd, Queen, Led Zeppelin, the Bee Gees, and Elton John, all of whom have worldwide record sales of 200 million or more. The Brit Awards are the BPI's annual music awards, and some of the British recipients of the Outstanding Contribution to Music award include; The Who, David Bowie, Eric Clapton, Rod Stewart and The Police. More recent UK music acts that have had international success include Coldplay, Radiohead, Oasis, Arctic Monkeys, Spice Girls, Robbie Williams, Amy",
"title": "United Kingdom"
},
{
"id": "5873263",
"text": "melisma and brought it in to mainstream R&B. During the mid-1990s, Whitney Houston's \"\" sold over 40 million copies worldwide becoming the best-selling soundtrack of all time. Janet Jackson's self-titled fifth studio album \"janet.\" (1993), which came after her historic multimillion-dollar contract with Virgin Records, sold over twenty million copies worldwide. Boyz II Men and Mariah Carey recorded several \"Billboard\" Hot 100 No. 1 hits, including \"One Sweet Day\", a collaboration between both acts, which became the longest-running No. 1 hit in Hot 100 history. Carey also released a remix of her 1995 single \"Fantasy\", with Ol' Dirty Bastard as",
"title": "Contemporary R&B"
},
{
"id": "2676185",
"text": "one of the ten best selling albums in history. Greatest hits albums are typically produced after an artist has had enough successful songs to fill out an album release. Some artists, such as Selena, David Bowie, Cliff Richard, Mariah Carey, Madonna, Janet Jackson, Britney Spears, Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, The Beatles, Kenny Rogers, Aerosmith, Kiss, TLC, Dolly Parton, Journey, Los Tigres del Norte, Queen, Kylie Minogue and Billy Joel, have released multiple greatest hits albums through their long careers. Some greatest hits albums are released only at the end of the artist or group's career. For example, My Chemical Romance",
"title": "Greatest hits album"
},
{
"id": "1749963",
"text": "\"Favorite Artist Ranking\" which has started since 2004 they were regularly placed among the most popular music artists, in recent years ranked as 4th (2015, 2016, 2017). In 2015 survey by Oricon about the favorite song to relief stress their song \"Ultra Soul\" was ranked as second. In 2015 were reported certified sales of 35,809,000 single copies, for which held the first place until December 2015. In 2017 were reported certified sales of 46,576,000 album copies, for which still hold the first place, and with joint sales of more than 82 million certified records are ranked as the best selling",
"title": "B'z"
},
{
"id": "11375089",
"text": "honor his legacy. A portion of the proceeds were presented to some of Jackson's favorite charities. In the 12 months after his death, Jackson sold more than 8.2 million albums in the United States and 35 million albums worldwide, making him the best-selling albums artist of 2009. He became the first artist to sell one million downloads in a week in music download history, with a record-breaking 2.6 million downloads of his songs. Three of his albums, \"Thriller\", \"Number Ones\" and \"The Essential Michael Jackson\", sold more than any new album, the first time a catalog album has ever scanned",
"title": "Michael Jackson"
},
{
"id": "541727",
"text": "the voice of the character Dodger. Across the 20 years of his solo career, Joel produced 33 Top 40 hits in the US, all of which he wrote himself, and three of which (\"It's Still Rock and Roll to Me\", \"Tell Her About It\", and \"We Didn't Start the Fire\") managed to top the charts. He is also a six-time Grammy Award winner who has been nominated for 23 Grammy Awards. With over 150 million records sold worldwide, he is one of the best-selling artists of all time as well as the sixth best-selling recording artist and the third best-selling",
"title": "Billy Joel"
},
{
"id": "1320305",
"text": "loss, and Guns N' Roses frontman Axl Rose stepped in as the band's vocalist for the remainder of that year's dates. Long-term bass player and background vocalist Cliff Williams retired from the band at the end of their 2016 Rock or Bust world tour. AC/DC have sold more than 200 million records worldwide, including 71.5 million albums in the United States, making them the tenth highest-selling artist in the United States and the 14th best selling artist worldwide. \"Back in Black\" has sold an estimated 50 million units worldwide, making it the third-highest-selling album by any artist, and the highest-selling",
"title": "AC/DC"
},
{
"id": "658811",
"text": "other hip hop artists like Nas, Sean Combs, and The Notorious B.I.G. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has recognized R. Kelly as one of the best-selling music artists in the United States with 40 million albums sold as well as only the fifth black artist to crack the top 50 of the same list. In March 2011, R. Kelly was named the most successful R&B artist of the last 25 years by \"Billboard\".<ref name=\"Date: 11/18/2010 9:19:22 PM\"></ref> Kelly has released 12 solo studio albums, and sold over 75 million albums and singles worldwide, making him the most successful",
"title": "R. Kelly"
},
{
"id": "11066402",
"text": "Lady\" and \"West Side Story.\" In 2015, \"Billboard\" published its inaugural \"Greatest Of All Time\" rankings, a comprehensive collection of the best-selling songs, albums and artists in music history. With 22 Top 10 debuts since 2001, Kidz Bop was #4 on the \"Most Billboard 200 Top 10 Albums\" list, just behind The Rolling Stones, Barbra Streisand, The Beatles and Bob Dylan. Kidz Bop held the fourth-highest tally of any artist in history and the most Top 10 debuts of any artist since 2000. After 25 years of operating independently, in September 2015, Concord Bicycle Music acquired a \"significant\" percentage of",
"title": "Razor & Tie"
},
{
"id": "12505788",
"text": "to \"A Star Is Born\". The soundtrack and its lead single, \"Shallow\", also reached number one in Australia, New Zealand, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. As of January 2016, she has sold an estimated 27 million albums and 146 million singles worldwide. She has also sold around 7.25 million singles in the United Kingdom, and 11.46 million albums in the US; in the latter country she is the first and only artist to have two songs pass 7 million downloads sold (\"Poker Face\" and \"Just Dance\"). According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), as of June 2018, Gaga",
"title": "Lady Gaga discography"
},
{
"id": "1450818",
"text": "same list produced in October 2015. \"Billboard\" also ranked Chicago ninth on the list of the hundred greatest artists of all time in terms of Billboard 200 album chart success in October 2015. Chicago is one of the longest-running and most successful rock groups, and one of the world's best-selling groups of all time, having sold more than 100 million records. In 1971, Chicago was the first rock act to sell out Carnegie Hall for a week. To date, Chicago has sold over 40 million units in the U.S., with 23 gold, 18 platinum, and 8 multi-platinum albums. They have",
"title": "Chicago (band)"
},
{
"id": "2439480",
"text": "most American Music Awards won belongs to Taylor Swift who has won twenty-three awards. The record for the most American Music Awards won in a single year is held by Michael Jackson (in 1984) and Whitney Houston (in 1994), each with 8 awards to their credit (including the Award of Merit, with which both artists were honored in the respective years). The following list shows the artists with most wins in each category, adapted from the AMAs official website. The American Music Award of Merit has been awarded to thirty two artists, the latest being Sting (2016). The International Artist",
"title": "American Music Awards"
},
{
"id": "156605",
"text": "RIAA's figures, this time from Brooks' followers. On November 5, 2007, Brooks was again named the best selling solo artist in US history, surpassing Presley after audited sales of 123 million were announced. In December 2010, several more of Presley's albums received certifications from the RIAA. As a result, Elvis again surpassed Brooks. , the RIAA lists Presley's total sales at 134.5 million and Brooks' at 134 million. Subsequently, \"Man Against Machine\" has been certified by the RIAA as Platinum and listing Brooks sales as exceeding 136 million, placing Brooks again as the #1 selling solo artist. In 2012, Brooks",
"title": "Garth Brooks"
},
{
"id": "8030649",
"text": "has certified sales of more than 68.5 million albums, according to the Recording Industry Association of America. With 52 gold and 31 platinum albums, Streisand exceeds all other female singers and all other recording artists other than Elvis Presley. She is the only female artist to have achieved fourteen multi-platinum albums, including the soundtrack for her film \"A Star Is Born\". Her recordings have earned her eight Grammy Awards and the Grammy's Lifetime Achievement Award and Legend Award. According to \"Billboard\", Streisand holds the record for the female with the most number one albums (11). \"Billboard\" also recognizes Streisand as",
"title": "Barbra Streisand discography"
},
{
"id": "10482032",
"text": "a River\", said in his acceptance speech: \"This is a travesty! I demand a recount. My grandfather raised me on Johnny Cash, and I think he deserves this more than any of us in here tonight.\" Johnny Cash Johnny Cash (born J.R. Cash, February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, and author. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 90 million records worldwide. Although primarily remembered as a country music icon, his genre-spanning songs and sound embraced rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk and gospel. This",
"title": "Johnny Cash"
},
{
"id": "857672",
"text": "a Cannes Film Festival Award, a special CFDA Fashion Award, and a Kennedy Center Honors prize, among several other honors. She has sold 100 million records worldwide to date, becoming one of the best-selling music artists in history. She is the only artist to date to have a number-one single on a \"Billboard\" chart in six consecutive decades, from the 1960s to the 2010s. Outside of her music and acting, she is noted for her political views, philanthropic endeavors, and social activism, including LGBT rights and HIV/AIDS prevention. Cher was born Cherilyn Sarkisian in El Centro, California, on May 20,",
"title": "Cher"
},
{
"id": "1314261",
"text": "James Taylor James Vernon Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. A five-time Grammy Award winner, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 100 million records worldwide. Taylor achieved his breakthrough in 1970 with the No. 3 single \"Fire and Rain\" and had his first No. 1 hit in 1971 with his recording of \"You've Got a Friend\", written by Carole King in the same year. His 1976 \"Greatest Hits\" album was certified Diamond and",
"title": "James Taylor"
},
{
"id": "469413",
"text": "eras died within eight weeks of each other in 1977. Elvis Presley, the best-selling singer of all time, died on August 16, 1977. Presley's funeral was held at Graceland, on Thursday, August 18, 1977. Bing Crosby, who sold about 50 million records, died on October 14, 1977. His single, White Christmas, remains as the best selling single of all time, confirmed by the Guinness Records. In addition to the early 70s deaths, in 1970 bands such as Simon and Garfunkel broke-up as did the Beatles, over the next few years Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Everly Brothers and more. Statistically, Led",
"title": "1970s"
},
{
"id": "4486882",
"text": "Rodney Jerkins Rodney Jerkins (born July 29, 1977), also known by his stage name Darkchild, is an American record producer, rapper, and songwriter. He has collaborated with a broad range of popular artists, including Ashanti, Janet Jackson, Jason Neubauer, Beyoncé, Mary J. Blige, Mariah Carey, Whitney Houston, Britney Spears, Rihanna, Lady Gaga, Michael Jackson, Patti LaBelle, Brandy, Aaliyah, Ariana Grande, Justin Bieber, Luther Vandross, Jennifer Lopez, Toni Braxton, Destiny's Child, Spice Girls, and The Pussycat Dolls. Songs and albums which Jerkins has produced have sold over 160 million records worldwide. Jerkins has also won four Grammy Awards. Among his most",
"title": "Rodney Jerkins"
},
{
"id": "522899",
"text": "one singles, and ten number one DVDs worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists. Queen have sold over 170 million records, with some estimates in excess of 300 million records worldwide, including 34.5 million albums in the US as of 2004. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001, the band is the only group in which every member has composed more than one chart-topping single, and all four members were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2009, \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\" were inducted into",
"title": "Queen (band)"
},
{
"id": "5145710",
"text": "biggest-selling record by an Australian to that time, the first Australian single to go gold, and the first and only 78 rpm record to be awarded a gold disc. Dusty remains Australia's most successful and prolific performer, and won more Gold and Platinum albums than any other Australian artist. Dusty recorded and released his one-hundredth album in the year 2000 and was given the honour of singing \"Waltzing Matilda\" in the closing ceremony of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Dusty was accorded a state funeral upon his death and with over 7 million Australian record sales he remains Australia's most",
"title": "Australian country music"
},
{
"id": "356675",
"text": "best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart. In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The band's original lineup, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside",
"title": "Red Hot Chili Peppers"
},
{
"id": "7400471",
"text": "100 Greatest Artists of All Time lists. In 2010, MTV Portugal ranked Eminem the seventh-biggest icon in pop-music history. He was the bestselling artist from 2000 to 2009 in the US according to Nielsen SoundScan, and has sold 47.4 million albums in the country. With global sales of 220 million records, he is one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. Eminem has over ten billion views of his music videos on his YouTube Vevo page. In 2010, Eminem's music generated 94 million streams (more than any other musical artist), and in May 2014 Spotify called him the most-streamed",
"title": "Eminem"
},
{
"id": "15907010",
"text": "release of 2004's comeback record \"Musicology\", the title track and \"Call My Name\" reached top 40 positions. In 2006, several compositions including \"Black Sweat\", \"Fury\", and \"Te Amo Corazon\" reached the top 20 of charts throughout Europe and Asia. Prince has sold over 150 million records worldwide, including 48.9 million certified units in the United States, 4.7 million in France and over 5 million records in the United Kingdom, making him one of the best-selling artists of all time. He has accumulated five US number-one singles and fifteen worldwide number 1 hits, as well as 8 worldwide number one albums.",
"title": "Prince singles discography"
},
{
"id": "523617",
"text": "record sales to date have been set as high as 300 million. In the United Kingdom, Queen have now spent more collective weeks on the UK Album Charts than any other musical act (including the Beatles), and \"Queen's Greatest Hits\" is the best-selling album of all time in the United Kingdom. Two of Mercury's songs, \"We Are the Champions\" and \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", have also each been voted as the greatest song of all time in major polls by Sony Ericsson and \"Guinness World Records\". Both songs have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame; \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" in 2004 and",
"title": "Freddie Mercury"
},
{
"id": "10481945",
"text": "Johnny Cash Johnny Cash (born J.R. Cash, February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, and author. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 90 million records worldwide. Although primarily remembered as a country music icon, his genre-spanning songs and sound embraced rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk and gospel. This crossover appeal won Cash the rare honor of being inducted into the Country Music, Rock and Roll, and Gospel Music Halls of Fame. Cash was known for his deep, calm bass-baritone voice, the distinctive sound of",
"title": "Johnny Cash"
},
{
"id": "12526856",
"text": "having performed for over 60 million people on five continents. In April 2013 he was awarded in Beijing as the most popular international artist in China. In Brazil, France, Romania, Italy, and others, Iglesias is the most successful foreign record seller, while in his home country, Spain, he has sold the most records in history, with 23 million records. During his career, Iglesias has won many awards in the music industry, including the Grammy, Latin Grammy, World Music Award, Billboard Music Award, American Music Award and Lo Nuestro Award. He has been awarded the Gold Medal for Merit in the",
"title": "Julio Iglesias"
},
{
"id": "285256",
"text": "issued since, overseen by Novoselic, Grohl, and Cobain's widow Courtney Love. The posthumous release \"MTV Unplugged in New York\" won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album in 1996. Overall, Nirvana have received twelve awards from twenty-five nominations winning an American Music Award, Brit Award, Grammy Award, seven MTV Video Music Awards and two NME Awards Since its debut, the band has sold over 25 million records in the United States alone, and over 75 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling bands of all time. Nirvana has also been ranked as one of the greatest music",
"title": "Nirvana (band)"
},
{
"id": "10679555",
"text": "Eagles discography The Eagles are an American rock band, who since their debut in 1972, have released seven studio albums, two live albums, 10 compilation albums, as well as three video albums and 30 singles. Of those singles, five topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The Eagles have a total of 18 Top 40 hits on the pop charts, as well as several hits on the adult contemporary chart. They are one of the best-selling popular music artists in history. Their highest-selling studio album is 1976's \"Hotel California\", which was certified 16× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. The",
"title": "Eagles discography"
},
{
"id": "6467602",
"text": "recorded music history. Canadian songstress Celine Dion became the third overall and second female recipient of the Diamond award. She was honored in 2004 receiving the diamond award . According to her record label, Sony Music Entertainment, Dion has sold over 140 million albums worldwide. The American rock band Bon Jovi became the successors to Dion and the first group to be acknowledged with the Diamond award, after being honored in 2005. The band are believed to have sold over 120 million albums worldwide. Michael Jackson, recognized by \"Guinness World Records\" as the most commercially successful entertainer of all time,",
"title": "Chopard Diamond award"
},
{
"id": "10191276",
"text": "No. 1 hits on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock chart. During the 1980s they also had more \"Billboard\" Hot 100 hits than any other hard rock or heavy metal band. According to the RIAA, Van Halen is the nineteenth best-selling band/artist of all time with sales of over 56 million albums in the US, and is one of five rock bands that have had two albums (\"Van Halen\" and \"1984\") sell more than ten million copies in the US. Van Halen discography Van Halen is an American rock band, formed in Pasadena, California in 1972, by the Dutch-born American brothers Eddie",
"title": "Van Halen discography"
},
{
"id": "1167600",
"text": "in 2013. Van Halen is one of only five rock bands that have had two studio albums sell more than 10 million copies in the U.S. Additionally, Van Halen charted 13 number-one hits in the history of \"Billboard\"s Mainstream Rock chart and they are one of the world's best-selling bands of all time, having sold more than 80 million records. Van Halen achieved worldwide fame for their many popular songs and larger-than-life stage performances; they also became known for the drama surrounding the departures of former members. Controversy surrounded the band following the exits of Roth, Hagar, and Anthony; this",
"title": "Van Halen"
},
{
"id": "5393580",
"text": "content. Her pop-influenced fifth studio album, \"Loud\" (2010), proved successful producing three \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number one singles, \"Only Girl (In the World)\", \"What’s My Name\", and \"S&M\". She followed this success with the follow-up albums, \"Talk That Talk\" (2011), and the Grammy Award winner \"Unapologetic\" (2012). Her eighth studio album, \"Anti\" (2016), became her second \"Billboard\" 200 number one album and was one of the most streamed albums of the year. Recognized as a pop icon, Rihanna is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, with 280 million records sold worldwide. Many of her songs rank among",
"title": "Rihanna"
},
{
"id": "1455340",
"text": "Wayne passed Elvis Presley as the male with the most entries on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, with 109 songs. The record has since been passed by other artists. His twelfth studio album, \"Tha Carter V\", was released in 2018 after multiple delays. Lil Wayne has sold over 100 million records worldwide, including more than 15 million albums and 37 million digital tracks in the United States, making him one of the best-selling artists of all time. Lil Wayne also currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of his own label imprint, Young Money Entertainment. Dwayne Michael Carter Jr.",
"title": "Lil Wayne"
},
{
"id": "12526855",
"text": "Julio Iglesias Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva (born 23 September 1943) () is a Spanish singer and songwriter. In 1983, he was celebrated as having recorded songs in the most languages in the world, and in 2013 for being the Latin artist with the most records sold in history. Iglesias is recognized as the most commercially successful Continental European singer in the world and one of the top ten record sellers in music history, having sold more than 250 million records worldwide in 14 languages. It is estimated that during his career he has offered more than 5000 concerts,",
"title": "Julio Iglesias"
},
{
"id": "5194135",
"text": "their figures difficult to compare casually, and impossible to compare scientifically. Current Markets shares as of September 2018 are as follows: The largest players in this industry own more than 100 subsidiary record labels or sublabels, each specializing in a certain market niche. Only the industry's most popular artists are signed directly to the major label. These companies account for more than half of US market share. However, this has fallen somewhat in recent years, as the new digital environment allows smaller labels to compete more effectively. Total album sales have declined in the early decades of the 21st century,",
"title": "Music industry"
},
{
"id": "11738174",
"text": "has 6 million certified album units, totaling 104 million certified units in the nation. She also became the first artist to have three songs receive Diamond certifications from the RIAA with \"Dark Horse\", \"Firework\", and \"Roar\". All three of them and \"E.T.\", \"California Gurls\", and \"Hot n Cold\" have each sold over 5 million digital copies. Throughout her career, Perry has sold more than 40 million albums and over 100 million records globally, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. Headlining Co-headlining Katy Perry Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry,",
"title": "Katy Perry"
},
{
"id": "11028498",
"text": "Beatles, sales of over 100 million singles and 100 million albums, and as the \"most successful song writer\", he wrote jointly or solo 43 songs which sold one million or more records between 1962 and 1978. In 2009, \"Guinness World Records\" again recognised McCartney as the \"most successful songwriter\" having written or co-written 188 charted records in the United Kingdom, of which 91 reached the top 10 and 33 made it to number one. McCartney has written, or co-written 32 number-one singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100: twenty with the Beatles; seven solo or with Wings; one as a co-writer",
"title": "Paul McCartney"
},
{
"id": "1320383",
"text": "became available on the iTunes Store. In 2009, the Recording Industry Association of America upgraded the group's US sales figures from 69 million to 71 million, making AC/DC the fifth-best-selling band in US history and the tenth-best-selling artist, selling more albums than Madonna and Mariah Carey. The RIAA also certified \"Back in Black\" as double Diamond (20 million) in US sales, and by 2007 the album had sold 22 million copies, which made it the fifth-best-selling album of all-time in the US. Note: Before their debut album, \"High Voltage\" (1975), AC/DC had several line up changes. For a more comprehensive",
"title": "AC/DC"
},
{
"id": "640069",
"text": "Olivia Newton-John Olivia Newton-John, (born 26 September 1948) is an English-Australian singer, songwriter, actress, entrepreneur, and activist. She is a four-time Grammy award winner who has amassed five number-one and ten other top ten \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles, and two number-one \"Billboard\" 200 solo albums. Eleven of her singles (including two platinum) and 14 of her albums (including two platinum and four double platinum) have been certified gold by the RIAA. She has sold an estimated 100 million records worldwide, making her one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. She starred in the musical film \"Grease\", and is",
"title": "Olivia Newton-John"
},
{
"id": "6683645",
"text": "mid-1950s pioneers of rock and roll. Rock bands such as Metallica, the Eagles, and Aerosmith are among the highest grossing in worldwide sales. In the 1960s, Bob Dylan emerged from the folk revival to become one of America's most celebrated songwriters and James Brown led the development of funk. More recent American creations include hip hop and house music. American pop stars such as Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, and Madonna have become global celebrities, as have contemporary musical artists such as Taylor Swift, Britney Spears, Katy Perry, Beyoncé, Jay-Z, Eminem and Kanye West. Hollywood, a northern district of Los Angeles,",
"title": "United States"
},
{
"id": "423082",
"text": "On June 23, 2010, Shakur was inducted to the Library of Congress's National Recording Registry. The seat of the Catholic Church released a list of 12 songs onto the social networking Web site's streaming music service. Among the artists included are Mozart, Muse, and Dame Shirley Bassey; the list also includes Shakur's song \"Changes\", which was released two years after his shooting death on a greatest hits album in 1998. His double album, \"All Eyez on Me\", is one of the highest-selling rap albums of all time, with over 5 million copies of the album sold in the United States",
"title": "Tupac Shakur"
},
{
"id": "7759000",
"text": "and sideman as a road-tour percussionist. Current members Previous band members Bibliography Elton John Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight, 25 March 1947) is an English singer, pianist, and composer. He has worked with lyricist Bernie Taupin as his songwriting partner since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums. John has sold more than 300million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world. He has more than fifty Top 40 hits, including seven consecutive number one albums in the U.S., 58 \"Billboard\" Top 40 singles, 27 Top 10, four which reached number",
"title": "Elton John"
},
{
"id": "20772185",
"text": "on March 24, 1956. During the 1950s and into the 1960s, 45 rpm seven-inch single sales were considered the primary market for the recording industry, while albums were a secondary market. The careers of notable rock and roll performers such as Elvis Presley were driven primarily by single sales. Album sales reached its peak in English-language popular music from the mid 1960s to the mid 2000s (known as \"album era\") in which the album was the dominant form of recorded music expression and consumption. In 1986, Dire Straits' \"Brothers in Arms\" became the first album in history to sell over",
"title": "Record sales"
}
] | who has sold the most records in music |
|
| [
{
"id": "7612311",
"text": "You've Got a Friend in Me \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film \"Toy Story\", it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, \"Toy Story 2\" (1999) and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole \"Toy Story\" franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to \"Colors of the Wind\" from Disney's \"Pocahontas\". Like many other Disney",
"title": "You've Got a Friend in Me"
},
{
"id": "7612316",
"text": "Contemporary chart hit, spending 14 weeks on the chart and peaking at number 10. On May 31, 2018, Rex Orange County released a cover of “You’ve Got a Friend in Me”, performing along with Randy Newman, the creator of the song. You've Got a Friend in Me \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film \"Toy Story\", it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, \"Toy Story 2\" (1999) and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the",
"title": "You've Got a Friend in Me"
},
{
"id": "7612315",
"text": "Woody sees this and has an epiphany, realizing that his mission as a toy is to be there for a child. (In-universe, the song was presumably written for \"Woody's Roundup\".) The \"Woody's Roundup\" version was performed by Tom Hanks, with acoustic guitar backing; Wheezy's version was sung by Robert Goulet (though the character was voiced by Joe Ranft); and the Spanish version, \"You've Got a Friend in Me (Para el Buzz Español)\", was performed by the Gipsy Kings. Michael Bublé covered \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" on his 2013 album, \"To Be Loved\". The track became a U.S. Adult",
"title": "You've Got a Friend in Me"
},
{
"id": "7612312",
"text": "theme songs, \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" has been covered numerous times. Cover versions featured in the three \"Toy Story\" films include a duet with Newman and Lyle Lovett in \"Toy Story; \" a diegetic instance by Tom Hanks, a version by Robert Goulet and an instrumental by Tom Scott in \"Toy Story 2\", and a Spanish language version by the Gipsy Kings in \"Toy Story 3\". The song is played during the opening credits for \"Toy Story\" and \"Toy Story 3\", establishing the importance of Woody and Andy in the first film and the importance of all his",
"title": "You've Got a Friend in Me"
},
{
"id": "3669503",
"text": "Year). Dozens of other artists have recorded the song over the years, including Dusty Springfield, Michael Jackson, Anne Murray and Donny Hathaway. \"You've Got a Friend\" was written by Carole King during the January 1971 recording sessions for her own album \"Tapestry\", and James Taylor's album \"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\". King has stated that \"the song was as close to pure inspiration as I've ever experienced. The song wrote itself. It was written by something outside myself, through me.\" According to Taylor, King told him that the song was a response to a line in Taylor's earlier",
"title": "You've Got a Friend"
},
{
"id": "3669502",
"text": "You've Got a Friend \"You've Got a Friend\" is a 1971 song written by Carole King. It was first recorded by King, and included in her album \"Tapestry\". Another well-known version is by James Taylor from his album \"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\". His was released as a single in 1971 reaching number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. The two versions were recorded simultaneously in 1971 with shared musicians. \"You've Got a Friend\" won Grammy Awards both for Taylor (Best Male Pop Vocal Performance) and King (Song of the",
"title": "You've Got a Friend"
},
{
"id": "13897560",
"text": "The musical spectacular for \"Frozen\" replaced plans for Toy Story at the Hyperion Theater starting on May 27, 2016. The show was directed by Los Angeles-based director, Stefan Novinski, and choreographed by New York-based choreographer, Warren Adams. Throughout the 55-minute musical, there are 6 original songs, written by Valerie Vigoda and Brendan Milburn. It also features one song from the original soundtrack of the animated feature, \"You've Got a Friend in Me\", written by Randy Newman. Music direction and arranging was handled by Los Angeles-based music director, David O. The book was written by New-York based lyricist, Mindi Dickstein, who",
"title": "Toy Story: The Musical"
},
{
"id": "636120",
"text": "Kids' Choice Award, MTV Movie Award, and a British Academy Film Award, among others. John Lasseter received an Academy Special Achievement Award in 1996 \"for the development and inspired application of techniques that have made possible the first feature-length computer-animated film.\" Additionally, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards, two to Randy Newman for Best Music—Original Song, for \"You've Got a Friend in Me\", and Best Music—Original Musical or Comedy Score. It was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay for the work by Joel Cohen, Pete Docter, John Lasseter, Joe Ranft, Alec Sokolow, Andrew Stanton and Joss Whedon, making",
"title": "Toy Story"
},
{
"id": "20420675",
"text": "Rex Orange County on Spotify is \"Loving Is Easy\" created in collaboration with the Dutch artist Benny Sings. The song was covered by the Swedish singer Tove Styrke. On April 16, 2018, Rex Orange County performed the song in his television debut on \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\". On May 31, 2018, Rex Orange County released a cover of \"You've Got a Friend in Me\", performing along with Randy Newman, the creator of the song. He was also featured in Spotify's Rise Program. In January 2018 O'Connor came in second in the BBC \"Sound of 2018\" award after Norwegian",
"title": "Rex Orange County"
},
{
"id": "1314261",
"text": "James Taylor James Vernon Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. A five-time Grammy Award winner, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 100 million records worldwide. Taylor achieved his breakthrough in 1970 with the No. 3 single \"Fire and Rain\" and had his first No. 1 hit in 1971 with his recording of \"You've Got a Friend\", written by Carole King in the same year. His 1976 \"Greatest Hits\" album was certified Diamond and",
"title": "James Taylor"
},
{
"id": "3669506",
"text": "and Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo in tribute to the victims of the January 2015 Île-de-France attacks. According to author James D. Perone, the song's themes include an expression of \"a universal, sisterly/brotherly, agape-type love of one human being for another, regardless of gender.\" The \"reassuring\" lyrics have long made the song popular with lonely people needing a boost of self-confidence. The song's messages of friendship having no boundaries and a friend being there when you are in need has universal appeal. For Taylor the lyrics had particular resonance due to the depression he had recovered from shortly before hearing King",
"title": "You've Got a Friend"
},
{
"id": "4162472",
"text": "the \"Toy Story 3\" soundtrack on Compact Disc. In addition to the tracks included in the soundtrack album, the film also uses several other tracks such as \"Dream Weaver\" by Gary Wright, \"Le Freak\" by Chic, and Randy Newman's original version of \"You've Got a Friend in Me.\" Furthermore, tracks \"Cowboy!\" and \"Come to Papa\" included material from Newman's rejected score to \"Air Force One\". The song \"Losing You\" from Newman's own album \"Harps and Angels\" was also used in the first trailer for the film. The Judas Priest song \"Electric Eye\" was also used in the film in the",
"title": "Toy Story 3"
},
{
"id": "636092",
"text": "the emotional underpinning for every scene.\" Newman wrote three original songs for the film; developing the film's signature song \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" in one day. The soundtrack for \"Toy Story\" was produced by Walt Disney Records and was released on November 22, 1995, the week of the film's release. It was difficult for crew members to perceive the film's quality during much of the production process when the finished footage was in scattered pieces and lacked elements like music and sound design. Some animators felt the film would be a significant disappointment commercially, but felt animators and",
"title": "Toy Story"
},
{
"id": "15731092",
"text": "Friends (Bette Midler song) \"Friends\" (also titled \"(You Got to Have) Friends\") is a 1973 hit single by Bette Midler. It was written by Buzzy Linhart and Mark \"Moogy\" Klingman. In the United States, the song reached #9 on the Adult Contemporary chart and reached #40 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. A version of \"Friends\" was recorded by one of the song's co-writers, Buzzy Linhart. More of a rock sound than a pop sound, Linhart's version had an alternative title, \"(You Got to Have) Friends\". Bette Midler was one of Linhart's close friends during the early 1970s. While rehearsing",
"title": "Friends (Bette Midler song)"
},
{
"id": "5471415",
"text": "a string of over 20 Top Ten CCM Hits. Gibson also experienced success with the No. 1 single \"Friend in You\", a ballad which is one of CCM's classic hit songs, from \"Change of Heart\". On this album, he did a cover of \"Yah Mo B There\", a song originally performed by James Ingram and Michael McDonald, and co-written by Rod Temperton and Quincy Jones. Although his first rap solo was 1986's \"Ain't It Pretty\" from the album \"On the Run\", Gibson wrote and produced the first rap hit in CCM history (by anyone) called \"The Wall\" featuring M.C. Hammer",
"title": "Jon Gibson (Christian musician)"
},
{
"id": "7612313",
"text": "toys in the third. \"Toy Story 3\" also uses it for irony and dramatic effect, as the opening credits harken back to the first film and the song abruptly fades out with \"As the years go by/Our friendship will never die\", before showing that Andy's remaining toys in the present day are boxed up and unused. When they were unused, Andy was 17 years old. In the two sequels, the song is listened to by the characters as part of the story. Two of these are cover versions done at the end of the film for thematic reasons: at the",
"title": "You've Got a Friend in Me"
},
{
"id": "3669510",
"text": "was released as the album's first single. The single was released a year before the album was, and coincidentally was released on the same date as James Taylor's single: May 29, 1971. The Flack and Hathaway version reached #29 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and #8 on the R&B chart. In approximately 1973 or 1974, the song was covered by Cambodian singer Pou Vannary with the lyrics translated into Khmer. Vannary's rendition is featured in the soundtrack to the 2015 documentary film \"Don't Think I've Forgotten\". The song was recorded by The Brand New Heavies for their 'Shelter' album in",
"title": "You've Got a Friend"
},
{
"id": "13033514",
"text": "You've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song) \"You've Got a Friend\" is a song written and produced by Stock Aitken Waterman and performed by Sonia and Big Fun, and featuring Gary Barnacle on sax. The song, a midtempo pop ballad, was released as a charity single for the Childline foundation in June 1990. Initially the artists recorded the well-known Carole King song of the same name, but for reasons unknown it was ultimately not used and SAW wrote an original song with the same name instead. The cover version was finally released in the 2010 re-issue of Big",
"title": "You've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song)"
},
{
"id": "3669504",
"text": "song \"Fire and Rain\" that \"I've seen lonely times when I could not find a friend.\" King's album was recorded in an overlap with Taylor's, and King, Danny Kortchmar, and Joni Mitchell perform on both. The song is included on both albums; King said in a 1972 interview that she \"didn't write it with James or anybody really specifically in mind. But when James heard it he really liked it and wanted to record it\". Taylor's version was released as a single, and reached number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. The",
"title": "You've Got a Friend"
},
{
"id": "1460760",
"text": "American autobiography, \"The Education of Henry Adams\". In 2010, the Center Theatre Group staged \"Harps and Angels\", a musical revue of the Randy Newman songbook, interspersed with narratives reflecting on Newman's inspirations. The revue premiered at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles and included among other songs \"I Think It's Going to Rain Today\", \"Sail Away\", \"Marie\", \"Louisiana 1927\", \"Feels Like Home\", \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" and \"I Love L.A\". The revue was directed by Jerry Zaks and featured Ryder Bach, Storm Large, Adriane Lenox, Michael McKean, Katey Sagal and Matthew Saldivar. Newman was married to German-born",
"title": "Randy Newman"
},
{
"id": "12149824",
"text": "(\"You've Got a Friend in Me\"). Despite the album's critical success, the soundtrack only peaked at number 94 on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart. A cassette and CD single release of \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" was released on April 12, 1996, to promote the soundtrack's release. After it went out of print, the album was made available for purchase digitally in retailers such as iTunes. The soundtrack, along with Newman's complete unreleased score for the film was remastered and reissued on July 17, 2015 as the tenth entry of \"The Legacy Collection\" series. Toy Story (soundtrack) Toy Story:",
"title": "Toy Story (soundtrack)"
},
{
"id": "5781104",
"text": "536,000 copies in the UK, \"All About You\" is McFly's best-selling single and received a Platinum sales status certification, their only single to do so. \"All About You\" was also nominated for the Record of the Year in 2005. The song was written by Tom Fletcher for his then-girlfriend, and now wife, Giovanna Fletcher, as a gift for Valentine's Day as a result of him forgetting the actual day. It is the lead A-side single, and the first of McFly's singles to feature an orchestra, conducted by Simon Hale and the string leader, Gavin Wright. The second track on the",
"title": "All About You/You've Got a Friend"
},
{
"id": "3669512",
"text": "soundtrack for the 2004 film \"Garfield\". In 2005 British pop rock band McFly's cover of this song charted at number one in the UK Singles Chart This was released as a Double-A side along with the band's song All About You. This was also the official 2005 Comic Relief single. In 2016 Raini Rodriguez covered the song in the \"Austin & Ally\" episode \"Musicals & Moving On\". Christina Aguilera and Alisan Porter covered the song in The Voice season 10 finale. You've Got a Friend \"You've Got a Friend\" is a 1971 song written by Carole King. It was first",
"title": "You've Got a Friend"
},
{
"id": "2182788",
"text": "new songs for \"Toy Story 2\" as well as the complete original score: The film carried over one song from \"Toy Story\", \"You've Got a Friend in Me,\" sung at two different points during the film by Tom Hanks and Robert Goulet. Pixar showed the completed film at CalArts on November 12, 1999, in recognition of the school's ties with Lasseter and more than 40 other alumni who worked on the film. The students were captivated. The film held its official premiere the next day at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles—the same venue as \"Toy Story\"s—and was released",
"title": "Toy Story 2"
},
{
"id": "17972905",
"text": "Long Ago and Far Away (James Taylor song) \"Long Ago and Far Away\" is a song written by James Taylor and first released on his 1971 album \"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\". It was the follow up single to \"You've Got a Friend\" and became a Top 40 hit in the U.S. and a Top 20 hit in Canada, and made the Top 10 on the Adult Contemporary chart in the U.S. It has also been covered by New York Voices and Johnny Mathis. Taylor wrote \"Long Ago and Far Away\" in 1970, about a year before it",
"title": "Long Ago and Far Away (James Taylor song)"
},
{
"id": "13033515",
"text": "Fun's album, \"A Pocketful of Dreams\". The single peaked at #14 in the UK and #12 in Ireland. It was later included on Big Fun's Japanese edition of their debut album \"A Pocketful of Dreams\". CD single 7\" single 12\" single You've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song) \"You've Got a Friend\" is a song written and produced by Stock Aitken Waterman and performed by Sonia and Big Fun, and featuring Gary Barnacle on sax. The song, a midtempo pop ballad, was released as a charity single for the Childline foundation in June 1990. Initially the artists recorded",
"title": "You've Got a Friend (Sonia and Big Fun song)"
},
{
"id": "7612314",
"text": "end of \"Toy Story 2\", the character Wheezy starts to sing it to the other toys; during the end credits of \"Toy Story 3\", Buzz Lightyear and Jessie (now a couple) perform a pasodoble to a Spanish version of the song, deliberately played by Jessie to get Buzz to dance. The most significant use of the song was in the third act of \"Toy Story 2\", where an episode of \"Woody's Roundup\" (the 1950s puppet show he was based on) shows the puppet Woody singing the song, directed at the young audience and featuring a small child hugging the puppet.",
"title": "You've Got a Friend in Me"
},
{
"id": "12825617",
"text": "three Academy Awards, including Best Original Screenplay, Best Original Score and Best Original Song for Randy Newman's \"You've Got a Friend in Me\". John Lasseter, the director of the film, also received a Special Achievement Award for \"the development and inspired application of techniques that have made possible the first feature-length computer-animated film\". Toy Story was also the first animated film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. At the 53rd Golden Globe Awards, \"Toy Story\" earned two Golden Globe nominations - Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Original Song. It was also",
"title": "Toy Story (franchise)"
},
{
"id": "1314285",
"text": "as \"a cowboy Jesus,\" to which Taylor later replied, \"I thought I was trying to look like George Harrison.\" Released in April, \"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\" also gained critical acclaim and contained Taylor's biggest hit single in the US, a version of the Carole King standard \"You've Got a Friend\" (featuring backing vocals by Joni Mitchell), which reached #1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in late July. The follow-up single, \"Long Ago and Far Away,\" also made the Top 40 and reached #4 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart. The album itself reached #2 on the album",
"title": "James Taylor"
},
{
"id": "10170718",
"text": "What a Friend We Have in Jesus \"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\" is a Christian hymn originally written by preacher Joseph M. Scriven as a poem in 1855 to comfort his mother who was living in Ireland while he was in Canada. Scriven originally published the poem anonymously, and only received full credit for it in the 1880s. The tune to the hymn was composed by Charles Crozat Converse in 1868. William Bolcom composed a setting of the hymn. The hymn also has many versions with different lyrics in multiple languages. The \"Handbook to the Lutheran Hymnal\" notes,",
"title": "What a Friend We Have in Jesus"
},
{
"id": "19800325",
"text": "Jessica Chastain, but both turn out to be of Carrot Top. Meg's talent show song is set to \"Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang\" by Dr. Dre. When Brian is reading the comics to Carter, he reads \"The Wizard of Id\". Peter's fake ID turns out to be of actress Kathy Bates. A \"Toy Story\" themed cutaway features Woody walking on Buzz Lightyear in bed with Bo Peep, who quips, \"You've got a friend in me.\" In order to enlist Stewie's help in getting revenge on Carter, Brian tells Stewie that Carter said he wouldn't fit in as a member of",
"title": "The Finer Strings"
},
{
"id": "1490445",
"text": "do so. The band covered \"I've Got No Strings\" for the 1991 Disney video and compilation album \"Simply Mad About the Mouse\". Their cover version of \"Hotel California\" was an example of fast flamenco guitar leads and rhythmic strumming: it was featured in the 1998 Coen Brothers' movie \"The Big Lebowski\". The 2010 film \"Toy Story 3\" featured their rendition of \"You've Got a Friend in Me\", a Spanish-language version titled \"\"Hay un Amigo en Mi\"\" and performed in a recognisably flamenco style. The band have been criticised by flamenco purists, but Nicolas Reyes said in an interview that the",
"title": "Gipsy Kings"
},
{
"id": "1693932",
"text": "Muldaur's \"Midnight at the Oasis\", was popular only in the UK because it was not included in the US version of the album. Siedah Garrett joined the group for their next album, \"Shelter\" (1997). It contained the minor hit, the Carole King-penned song \"You've Got a Friend\" that was originally made famous by James Taylor. Again, though, this song did not appear on the US version of the album. The album also contained the hit \"Sometimes\". The remix of \"Sometimes\" included the rap vocals of Q-Tip. The Brand New Heavies then released their greatest hits album, \"Trunk Funk – The",
"title": "The Brand New Heavies"
},
{
"id": "3665227",
"text": "Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter James Taylor. Released on March 16, 1971 as the follow-up to his commercial breakthrough and critical triumph, \"Sweet Baby James\", it almost equaled the acclaim and surpassed the success of its predecessor at the time of its release. It contains Taylor's biggest hit single in the US, a version of the Carole King standard \"You've Got a Friend\", which became his only #1 on the \"Billboard\" charts on July 31, 1971. The week before, the album itself reached",
"title": "Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon"
},
{
"id": "3669509",
"text": "the song in early 1971 during the sessions for her third Atlantic Records album \"Faithful\". Her recording predates that of James Taylor, but it was shelved until 1999 when it was included as a bonus track on the 1999 Deluxe Edition of her first Atlantic album, the critically acclaimed \"Dusty in Memphis\" (which contained four Carole King compositions). \"Faithful\" went unreleased due to disputes between Springfield and Atlantic but the sessions were eventually issued as a standalone album in 2015. The song was recorded by Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway for their 1972 album \"Roberta Flack & Donny Hathaway\", and",
"title": "You've Got a Friend"
},
{
"id": "1317221",
"text": "same year King wrote and recorded backing vocals on \"The Reason\" for Celine Dion on her album \"Let's Talk About Love\". The song sold worldwide, including one million in France. It went to number 1 in France, 11 in the UK, and 13 in Ireland. The pair performed a duet on the first VH1 Divas Live benefit concert. King also performed her \"You've Got A Friend\" with Celine Dion, Gloria Estefan and Shania Twain as well as \"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman\" with Aretha Franklin and others, including Mariah Carey. In 1998, King wrote \"Anyone at All\",",
"title": "Carole King"
},
{
"id": "20729752",
"text": "from the show. In 2018, he auditioned to season 16 of \"American Idol\" with the song \"If It Hadn't Been for Love\" from The SteelDrivers. All three judges Lionel Richie, Katy Perry and Luke Bryan voted \"yes\" for him to continue. During the season, he sang \"Die a Happy Man\" (Top 24), \"Midnight Train to Memphis\" (Top 14), \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" (Top 10), \"When Doves Cry and \"Amazed\" (Top 7), \"So Small\" and \"Stars in Alabama\" (Top 5) qualifying for the shows' finale. On May 20, 2018, he performed \"Don't Close Your Eyes\", \"Folsom Prison Blues\" and",
"title": "Caleb Lee Hutchinson"
},
{
"id": "4162455",
"text": "(Japanese:ハグハグベアちゃん/\"Hagu Hagu Beya-Chan\"). On \"Dancing with the Stars\" May 11, 2010 episode, the Gipsy Kings performed a Spanish-language version of the song \"You've Got a Friend in Me,\" which featured a paso doble dance choreographed by Cheryl Burke and Tony Dovolani. Both the song and dance are featured in the film. \"Toy Story 3\" was promoted with airings of the first and second film on several channels in the weeks preceding the film's release, including Disney Channel, Disney XD, and ABC Family. Sneak peeks of \"Toy Story 3\" were also revealed, primarily on Disney Channel. \"Toy Story 3\"s \"Not since...\"",
"title": "Toy Story 3"
},
{
"id": "9521402",
"text": "room by Woody and Buzz, and it's shown that the only evidence of their adventure in the city is when two neighbors walk outside to find an airport luggage carrier, which the toys used to get home in time for Andy's return, parked in their yard wondering how it got there. In the ending, Woody is fixed by Andy, and is welcomed back home with Wheezy, whose squeaker has been fixed, singing \"You've got a friend in me\". In \"Toy Story 3\", Andy is now nearly 18 years old, and preparing to leave for college. Andy chooses to take Woody",
"title": "Sheriff Woody"
},
{
"id": "15290542",
"text": "episode of \"The Simpsons\" featured multiple references to animation and Hollywood. Pixar is referenced in the episode as \"Mixar\". In the 1999 era of the studio you can hear the song \"Bye Bye Bye\" by NSYNC. The short film \"Condiments\" serves as a parody of the Pixar film \"Toy Story\", and the song \"You've Got an Enemy\" (sung by Castellaneta impersonating Randy Newman) references \"You've Got a Friend in Me\". \"Willis and Crumble\" parodies \"Wallace and Gromit\", and uses the same style of stop-motion animation. Nick Park, the creator of \"Wallace and Gromit\", has a voice cameo as himself. Multiple",
"title": "Angry Dad: The Movie"
},
{
"id": "1317241",
"text": "\"So Far Away\" and Celine Dion's recording of \"A Natural Woman\" were both Adult Contemporary chart hits. Other artists who appeared on the album included Amy Grant (\"It's Too Late\"), Richard Marx (\"Beautiful\"), Aretha Franklin (\"You've Got a Friend\"), Faith Hill (\"Where You Lead\"), and the Bee Gees (\"Will You Love Me Tomorrow?\"). Former Monkee Micky Dolenz released \"King for a Day\", a tribute album consisting of songs written or co-written by King, in 2010. The album includes \"Sometime in the Morning\", a King-penned song originally recorded by the Monkees in 1967. Dolenz had previously recorded another of King's Monkees",
"title": "Carole King"
},
{
"id": "1317210",
"text": "\"You've Got a Friend\", which was a number 1 hit for Taylor; King said in a 1972 interview that she \"didn't write it with James or anybody really specifically in mind. But when James heard it he really liked it and wanted to record it\". \"Tapestry\" was an instant success. With numerous hit singles – including a \"Billboard\" No.1 with \"It's Too Late\" – \"Tapestry\" held the No.1 spot for 15 consecutive weeks, remained on the charts for nearly six years, and has sold over 25 million copies worldwide. The album garnered four Grammy Awards including Album of the Year;",
"title": "Carole King"
},
{
"id": "17173521",
"text": "1972, issue but failed to reach either its Hot 100 or Easy Listening charts. In their review for retailers, \"Billboard\" wrote, \"Mathis is a consistent heavy chart seller with his packages, all of which are super performances, but this one tops the others.\" This album's CD release as part of the 2017 box set \"\" included four bonus tracks that were previously unavailable: From the liner notes for \"\": As the songwriter of \"You've Got a Friend\", Carole King won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year, but it was James Taylor's recording of the song that spent a",
"title": "You've Got a Friend (Johnny Mathis album)"
},
{
"id": "3556325",
"text": "makeup and hair stylists and production assistants. Episode production was nearly $2 million per episode. The show premiered on March 29, 1996 at 10:00pm on CBS. The show was produced by the Don Johnson Company and Carlton Cuse Productions in association with Rysher Entertainment for the first 4 seasons. In 1999, Paramount Network Television took over Rysher's spot after acquiring that company. The show used three different theme songs during its initial run. Season 1 used a primarily instrumental piece. Seasons 2–5 used a musical piece most well known by the lyrics \"I got a friend in you to lead",
"title": "Nash Bridges"
},
{
"id": "5471411",
"text": "Jon Gibson (Christian musician) Jon Robert Gibson (born January 3, 1964) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. Originally a blue-eyed soul singer, he switched to contemporary Christian music in the late-1980s. Gibson scored a number of hit singles, including \"Jesus Loves Ya\" (which spent a then-record 11 weeks at No. 1 on the CCM charts in 1991), \"Love Come Down\" (1990) and \"Friend in You\" (1988). Gibson's \"Jesus Loves Ya\" was ranked No. 90 on \"CCM Magazine\"s \"The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music\", while the title track charted at No. 52 on the Top 100 Christian AC in",
"title": "Jon Gibson (Christian musician)"
},
{
"id": "15133878",
"text": "Association of America, and earned Taylor and songwriter Carole King respective Grammys for Best Vocal Performance, Male and Song of the Year. Sammi Smith had the most popular cover of \"Help Me Make It Through the Night\", spending three weeks at number one on \"Billboard\"'s Country chart, reaching number eight pop and number three Easy Listening, receiving Gold certification, and earning songwriter Kris Kristofferson and Smith respective Grammys for Best Country Song and Best Country Vocal Performance, Female. \"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart?\" by the Bee Gees went to number one for four weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot",
"title": "You've Got a Friend (Andy Williams album)"
},
{
"id": "11176408",
"text": "Walden on drums. The 'B-Side' was a song called \"Let the Music Say It\" not included on the album \"Hero\". \"Let the Music Say It\" was produced in 1985 and written by Clemons and Michael Jonzun. Bolstered by the enormous popularity of Springsteen at the time, the song was a success commercially, reaching the top 20 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (#18), Mainstream Rock (#16), and the top 40 on the Adult Contemporary (#21) charts in the U.S. The song was named #100 on VH1's \"100 Greatest One Hit Wonders of the 80s\" in 2009. A live version of the",
"title": "You're a Friend of Mine"
},
{
"id": "15133877",
"text": "all time, Williams has a chart winner in this delightful program. Along with his new single, 'A Song for You', he turns in exceptional treatments of Carole King's 'You've Got a Friend', Kris Kristofferson's 'Help Me Make It Through the Night', and Nichols-Williams's 'Rainy Days and Mondays'.\" From the liner notes for the 2002 CD: \"You've Got a Friend\" had its biggest success as a recording by James Taylor that spent a week at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and Easy Listening chart, reached number four on the UK singles chart, received Gold certification from the Recording Industry",
"title": "You've Got a Friend (Andy Williams album)"
},
{
"id": "7432380",
"text": "Roger Greenaway Roger John Reginald Greenaway (born 23 August 1938) is an English songwriter and record producer, best known for his collaborations with Roger Cook. His compositions have included \"You've Got Your Troubles\" and the transatlantic million selling songs \"I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing (in Perfect Harmony)\" and \"Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress\". They were the first UK songwriting partnership to be granted an Ivor Novello Award as 'Songwriters of the Year' in two successive years. In 2009, Greenaway was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Roger Greenaway was born in Fishponds, Bristol, England.",
"title": "Roger Greenaway"
},
{
"id": "4892045",
"text": "Just a Friend \"Just a Friend\" is a song written, produced and performed by American hip hop artist Biz Markie. It was released in September 1989 as the lead single from his album, \"The Biz Never Sleeps\". It is Markie's most successful single, reaching #9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1990. The song interpolates the 1968 song \"You Got What I Need\" recorded by Freddie Scott, whose basic chord and melody provided the base for the song's chorus and made it famous. Due to the widespread popularity of the song along with its acclaim and its influence on pop",
"title": "Just a Friend"
},
{
"id": "20863776",
"text": "Friend Dahmer\" (2017) and \"Humor Me\" (2017). His song, “I’ve Got to Have You” performed by Julian, is played in season 1, episode 4 of \"Insatiable\" (Netflix). Len Boone Len Boone (a.k.a. Leonard Boone C Coleman II) is an American singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He was a singer/songwriter for Chrysalis Records and Love-Zager Productions and many of his songs charted on \"Billboard\". While still an intern at Chrysalis, he wrote the international hit single “You Made Me Believe in Magic” (Arista Records) for the album \"It’s a Game\" by the Scottish Pop band, the Bay City Rollers. In 1977, the",
"title": "Len Boone"
},
{
"id": "20568697",
"text": "Friends (Marshmello and Anne-Marie song) \"Friends\" (stylized in all caps) is a song recorded by American music producer Marshmello and English singer Anne-Marie. It was written and produced by Marshmello, with additional writing from Anne-Marie, Eden Anderson, Richard Boardman, Jasmine Thompson, Natalie Dunn, Sarah Blanchard and Pablo Bowman. The song was released via Joytime Collective and Asylum Records on February 9, 2018, as the fifth single from Anne-Marie's debut studio album, \"Speak Your Mind\" (2018). A lyric video was released on the same day. The song received positive reviews from critics. In 2016, Marshmello remixed Anne-Marries song “Alarm”, fond of",
"title": "Friends (Marshmello and Anne-Marie song)"
},
{
"id": "17173522",
"text": "week at number one on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts, reached number four on the UK singles chart, received Gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America, and earned Taylor the Grammy for Best Vocal Performance, Male. \"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart?\" by the Bee Gees spent four weeks at number one on the Hot 100 and reached number four on the Easy Listening chart in addition to receiving Gold certification from the RIAA. \"Help Me Make It Through the Night\" also won Grammys for both its songwriter and vocalist, in this case",
"title": "You've Got a Friend (Johnny Mathis album)"
},
{
"id": "11176407",
"text": "You're a Friend of Mine \"You're a Friend of Mine\" is a 1985 hit song, written by Narada Michael Walden and Jeffrey Cohen, with lead vocals by Clarence Clemons and Jackson Browne in a duet. At the time of the song's release, Clemons was already well known nationally as the saxophonist in Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. The song was released on Clemons' solo album \"Hero\" of that year. Browne's then-girlfriend Daryl Hannah provides background vocals and appears in the song's music video painting and later filming the duo. Also appearing in the video is a backing band, including songwriter",
"title": "You're a Friend of Mine"
},
{
"id": "1314263",
"text": "and the aforementioned \"You've Got A Friend\", as well as originals such as \"Fire and Rain\". James Vernon Taylor was born at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston on March 12, 1948, where his father, Isaac M. Taylor, worked as a resident physician. His father came from a wealthy Scottish family from the South, however, part of his ancestral roots are deep in Massachusetts Bay Colony and include Edmund Rice, one of the founders of Sudbury, Massachusetts. His mother, the former Gertrude Woodard (1921–2015), studied singing with Marie Sundelius at the New England Conservatory of Music and was an aspiring opera",
"title": "James Taylor"
},
{
"id": "1314286",
"text": "charts, which would be Taylor's highest position ever until the release of his 2015 album, \"Before This World\", which went to #1, superseding Taylor Swift. In early 1972, Taylor won his first Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male, for \"You've Got a Friend\"; King also won Song of the Year for the same song in that ceremony. The album went on to sell 2.5 million copies in the United States. November 1972 heralded the release of Taylor's fourth album, \"One Man Dog\". A concept album primarily recorded in his home recording studio, it featured a cameo by Linda",
"title": "James Taylor"
},
{
"id": "3669507",
"text": "play the song. The music moves between a major and minor key, which according to music critic Maury Dean gives the song a \"sympathetic mood.\" In his review of \"Tapestry\", \"Rolling Stone\" critic Jon Landau called \"You've Got a Friend\" Carole King's \"most perfect new song.\" He particularly praised how the melody and lyrics support each other, and the \"gorgeous, righteous rock melody\" of the ending lyrics. \"Mojo\" considered the song to probably be \"the core of \"Tapestry\". Allmusic critic Stewart Mason commented on the \"plainspoken intimacy\" of King's performance. Mason finds that the \"shyness\" of King's voice gives her",
"title": "You've Got a Friend"
},
{
"id": "21005002",
"text": "ends on \"a sour note\". Preece commented that Sheldon is \"unrepentantly awful\" and described the wedding as \"cute\" and a \"brave choice\" by the writers, but questioned after their breakup: \"what was the point?\" The Matrimonial Momentum \"The Matrimonial Momentum\" is the first episode of the ninth season, and 184th episode overall of the \"The Big Bang Theory\". It first aired on CBS on September 21, 2015. Leonard and Penny elope in Las Vegas, live streaming the ceremony for friends at home. Leonard wrote a touching cosmology-based wedding vow while Penny recites \"You've Got a Friend in Me\". When they",
"title": "The Matrimonial Momentum"
},
{
"id": "3669511",
"text": "1997 and was the third single to be released from the album, it reached #9 on the UK Singles Chart in October 1997. \"You've Got a Friend\" was performed by Celine Dion, Shania Twain, Gloria Estefan, and Carole King at the \"VH1 Divas Live\" concert in Beacon Theatre, New York, 1998. It was released as a single and reached number 74 on the Belgian Flanders Airplay Chart. In 2004, English R&B singer Javine released her cover of the song as half of a double A-side single, along with a cover of \"Don't Walk Away\". Her recording was included in the",
"title": "You've Got a Friend"
},
{
"id": "13732266",
"text": "they continued touring and performing live in Las Vegas and various colleges, thanks to the continuing radio play of their huge hit \"Don't Pull Your Love.\" Cover versions include \"Bridge over Troubled Water\", \"You've Got a Friend\", and \"C'est la Vie\" (originally recorded by Gayle McCormick). All songs written by Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter unless otherwise shown. Hallway Symphony Hallway Symphony is the second studio album by the band Hamilton, Joe Frank & Reynolds, released in 1972. It was their final album for the Dunhill label. A single released from the album, \"One Good Woman,\" failed to break the",
"title": "Hallway Symphony"
},
{
"id": "4818926",
"text": "Songwriters Hall of Fame. Linde died of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in 2006 at the age of 63. He is best known for writing the 1972 Elvis Presley hit, \"Burning Love\", and he also wrote the top-5 U.S. country hits \"Long Long Texas Road\" (Roy Drusky, 1970), \"The Love She Found in Me\" (Gary Morris, 1983), \"Walkin' a Broken Heart\" (Don Williams, 1985), \"Then It's Love\" (Don Williams, 1986), \"I'm Gonna Get You\" (Eddy Raven, 1988), \"In a Letter to You\" (Eddy Raven, 1989), \"Bubba Shot the Jukebox\" (Mark Chesnutt, 1992), \"It Sure Is Monday\" (Mark",
"title": "Dennis Linde"
},
{
"id": "6671123",
"text": "Ricks Road Ricks Road is the third album by Scottish rock band Texas. The album was released on 1 November 1993 by Mercury Records. The album peaked at number 18 in the UK and spent two weeks on the UK Albums Chart. It was certified Silver (for 60,000 copies sold) by the British Phonographic Industry in October 1997. In Australia, the album peaked at number 96 on the ARIA Albums Chart. The album included three UK Top 40 singles; \"So Called Friend\" (#30), \"You Owe It All to Me\" (#39), and \"So in Love with You\" (#28). All songs written",
"title": "Ricks Road"
},
{
"id": "8103864",
"text": "Allmusic said \"For all its charm, it can't help but sound a bit like a second-rate version of Toy Story's \"You've Got a Friend in Me,\" but it's still a winning song.\" JazzHistoryOnline deemed it a \"heartfelt love song\". New York Times described it as \" one of his lesser efforts\". Sydney Morning Herald deemed it \"his input in the film's feel-good soundtrack\", adding \"Newman's astute musical nuances are crucial in cementing the film's broad appeal\". JazzTimes called it \"charming\". DVDDizzy called it \" a pleasant number that captures the protagonists' friendship\". Newman received a standing ovation when collecting his",
"title": "If I Didn't Have You (Disney song)"
},
{
"id": "15589921",
"text": "replaced with other songs instead, Artists like GilbertO 'Sullivan, Bob Seger, Neil Young, and some of the familiar songs from James Taylor, including \"You've Got A Friend\", \"Shower the People\", and the more familiar songs from Joni Mitchell, including \"Turn me on\" (\"I'm a Radio\", and \"Help Me\", and Paul Simon, including \"50 Ways to Leave your Lover\", and \"Mother and Child Reunion\", and \"Loves me like a Rock\" could not be included, due to the demands and high expenses imposed though the publishing companies The Gilbert O'Sullivan song \"Alone Again Naturally\"was omitted in the later collection due to the",
"title": "Singers and Songwriters (Time-Life Music)"
},
{
"id": "349682",
"text": "Ringo Starr Sir Richard Starkey (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, singer, songwriter and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles. He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including \"With a Little Help from My Friends\", \"Yellow Submarine\", \"Good Night\", and their cover of \"Act Naturally\". He also wrote the Beatles' songs \"Don't Pass Me By\" and \"Octopus's Garden\", and is credited as a co-writer of others, including \"What Goes On\" and \"Flying\". Starr was afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, and he fell",
"title": "Ringo Starr"
},
{
"id": "12881567",
"text": "One Friend \"One Friend\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Dan Seals. It was released in September 1987 as the first and only single from his compilation album \"The Best\". It peaked at #1, becoming his seventh straight number-one single. This song was originally included on his 1984 album San Antone, and this version was the b-side to that album's single \"(You Bring Out) The Wild Side of Me\". Seals re-recorded \"One Friend\" again for his 1995 acoustic album, \"In a Quiet Room\", and a music video was filmed for that version the following year.",
"title": "One Friend"
},
{
"id": "13383137",
"text": "Shelter (Brand New Heavies album) Shelter is an album by the Brand New Heavies that was released in 1997. It is the only album by the group with Siedah Garrett as a member. Garrett had joined the Brand New Heavies in 1996, but left in early 1998 to concentrate on her own songwriting. As part of the band, she enjoyed a minor hit with a cover of the Carole King-penned song \"You've Got a Friend\" that was originally made famous by James Taylor. It was the group's only top 10 hit single in the UK, reaching number 9 when released",
"title": "Shelter (Brand New Heavies album)"
},
{
"id": "3669505",
"text": "James Taylor version also spent one week at the top of the Easy Listening charts. \"Billboard\" ranked it as the No. 17 song for 1971. During the recording process, Taylor also offered to his Apple Records labelmate Mary Hopkin a chance to record the song, which she turned down, a decision she later said she strongly regretted. James Taylor and Carole King performed \"You've Got a Friend\" together in 2010 during their Troubadour Reunion Tour. In 2015, Taylor performed an acoustic rendition of the song at Hôtel de Ville, Paris at the invitation of U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry",
"title": "You've Got a Friend"
},
{
"id": "6006162",
"text": "The Carnegie Hall Concert: June 18, 1971 The Carnegie Hall Concert: June 18, 1971 was Carole King's first concert performance in front of an audience. Performed on June 18, 1971, it was released years later, in 1996, as an album. This album has seventeen live songs. Some songs included: \"Will You Love Me Tomorrow?\", \"You've Got a Friend\", \"Child of Mine\", \"I Feel the Earth Move\", \"It's Too Late\", \"Beautiful\", \"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman\", \"After All This Time\", \"Carry Your Load\", \"Song of Long Ago\" and \"Home Again\". James Taylor, a friend of King, accompanied her",
"title": "The Carnegie Hall Concert: June 18, 1971"
},
{
"id": "16053531",
"text": "and liberated\" personality. Contributors to the book \"Toy Story: How Pixar Reinvented the Animated Feature\" found \"When She Loved Me\" to be the \"tragic inverse\" of the series' theme song \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" due to its melancholy tone and outlook. Set nearly in the centre of the original \"Toy Story\" trilogy, \"GamesRadar+\" contributor Simon Kinnear identified the scene as \"the point where the series truly grows up, shifting from a tale of childhood imagination to a mature reflection on growing up.\" The \"Nashville Scene\" opined that although \"The scene is shot from a toy's point of view",
"title": "When She Loved Me"
},
{
"id": "636122",
"text": "for Best Original Song—Motion Picture for Newman's \"You've Got a Friend in Me\". At both the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards and the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards, the film won \"Best Animated Film\". \"Toy Story\" is also among the top ten in the BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14, and the highest-placed (at 99) animated film in \"Empire\" magazines list of \"500 Greatest Movie of All Time\". In 2005, \"Toy Story\", along with \"Toy Story 2\" was voted the 4th greatest cartoon in Channel 4's 100 Greatest Cartoons poll,",
"title": "Toy Story"
},
{
"id": "19529051",
"text": "Friends (Elton John song) \"Friends\" is an international hit song composed and performed by English musician Elton John with lyrics by his longtime collaborator Bernie Taupin. It was John's third U.S. hit, and his second to reach Top 40. \"Friends\" was not the follow-up single to \"Your Song,\" but was rather the title track and theme song from the movie \"Friends\" starring Sean Bury, and was included on the soundtrack. It was the only hit single from the LP. The song rose to number 34 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 17 on the \"Cash Box\" Top 100.",
"title": "Friends (Elton John song)"
},
{
"id": "3659799",
"text": "explained to host Scott Simon that the song was written in three parts: Carole King played piano on the song. Drummer Russ Kunkel used brushes rather than sticks on his drum kit, and Bobby West played double bass in place of a bass guitar to \"underscore the melancholy on the song\". King has stated that her song \"You've Got a Friend,\" that Taylor recorded, was a response to the line in the refrain that \"I’ve seen lonely times when I could not find a friend.\" Broadcast Music, Inc. ranked \"Fire and Rain\" at number 82 on its \"Top 100 Songs",
"title": "Fire and Rain (song)"
},
{
"id": "12263383",
"text": "studio album \"Sweet Baby James\" on Warner Bros. Records in 1970. Its lead single \"Fire and Rain\" became a significant international hit and gained Taylor his first major exposure as an artist. In April 1971, Taylor released his third studio album \"Mud Slide Slim and the Blue Horizon\", which became his second album to certify multi-platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America and featured his first number one single \"You've Got a Friend\". In 1972 and 1973, he released his fourth studio album, \"One Man Dog\" and his fifth, \"Walking Man\"; both peaked within the Top 20",
"title": "James Taylor discography"
},
{
"id": "10844708",
"text": "Lin-Manuel Miranda Lin-Manuel Miranda (; born January 16, 1980) is an American composer, lyricist, playwright, rapper, and actor best known for creating and starring in the Broadway musicals \"In the Heights\" and \"Hamilton\". He co-wrote the songs for Walt Disney Animation Studios' \"Moana\" soundtrack (2016) and co-starred in the film \"Mary Poppins Returns\". Miranda's awards include a Pulitzer Prize, three Grammy Awards, an Emmy Award, a MacArthur Fellowship, three Tony Awards and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Miranda was awarded the Kennedy Center Honor in 2018. Miranda wrote the music and lyrics for the musical \"In the",
"title": "Lin-Manuel Miranda"
},
{
"id": "12499877",
"text": "Friend Like Me \"Friend Like Me\" is a song from the 1992 Disney film \"Aladdin\". It was performed by Robin Williams in his role as the Genie. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 65th Academy Awards and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 50th Golden Globe Awards in 1993. The song was originally designed as a Cab Calloway-style big band number. After Robin Williams was cast, it was retooled as a more comedic, pop-culture-filled song. ScreenCrush explains that remnants of the previous version of the film can be",
"title": "Friend Like Me"
},
{
"id": "1317211",
"text": "Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female; Record of the Year (\"It's Too Late,\" lyrics by Toni Stern); and Song of the Year, with King becoming the first woman to win the award (\"You've Got a Friend\"). The album appeared on Rolling Stone's \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" list at number 36. In addition, \"It's Too Late\" was number 469 on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. \"Carole King: Music\" was released in December 1971, certified gold on December 9, 1971. It entered the top ten at 8, becoming the first of many weeks \"Tapestry\" and \"Carole King: Music\"",
"title": "Carole King"
},
{
"id": "2547509",
"text": "Connie Britton, Kris Kristofferson, and others. In 1995, Lovett performed a duet with Randy Newman of \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" for \"Toy Story\". Lovett married actress Julia Roberts after meeting her on the set of \"The Player\". Following a three-week romance, they eloped and married in June 1993 in Marion, Indiana. In March 1995, they divorced after less than two years of marriage. \"People\" magazine reported that the breakup was caused by career demands. They remained friends afterwards. Since late 1997, Lovett has been in a relationship with April Kimble. They became engaged in 2003. They were married",
"title": "Lyle Lovett"
},
{
"id": "17461586",
"text": "Kelly Harper Kelly Marie Harper (born June 28, 1982), known professionally as Kelly Harper, is an American Recording artist and Singer-songwriter. Harper's debut hit song \"New Best Friend\" charted at number 38 on Billboard's Top 40 CHR charts. She has had 8 of her songs placed on Oxygen network hit show \"The Bad Girls Club\", \"\", licensed to MTV's \"Road Rules\", and \"Real World\", and VH1's \"Living Lohan\" show. Harper won best song in \"Songwriter Universe Magazine\" for her acclaimed hit \"Till This Goes Away\" co-written by multiplatinum award-winning producer/songwriter Rob Wells. She was signed to Feenix Rising Entertainment through",
"title": "Kelly Harper"
},
{
"id": "7064403",
"text": "Jim Vallance James Douglas Vallance, (born May 31, 1952) is a Canadian semi-retired songwriter, arranger and producer based out of Vancouver, British Columbia. He is best known as the songwriting partner of Canadian international musician Bryan Adams. Vallance began his professional career as the original drummer and main songwriter for Canadian rock band Prism under the pseudonym \"Rodney Higgs.\" In addition to Adams, Vallance has written songs for many famous international artists such as Bonnie Raitt, Aerosmith, Carly Simon, Rod Stewart, Roger Daltrey, Tina Turner, Alice Cooper, Ozzy Osbourne, Kiss, Scorpions, Anne Murray, and Joe Cocker. His most recognizable songs",
"title": "Jim Vallance"
},
{
"id": "12468759",
"text": "the United States, after \"How to Save a Life\" and \"Over My Head (Cable Car)\". It has sold 3.6 million copies in the US as of February 2015, making it one of the most downloaded rock songs. The single was certified double platinum by the RIAA and the ARIA in 2009. The song was nominated for a \"Choice Music: Rock Track\" award at the 2009 Teen Choice Awards. The song was ranked No. 13 on the \"Hot 100 Songs of 2009\" list and No. 36 on Billboard's \"Best Adult Pop Songs of the Decade\" list. It was also ranked No.",
"title": "You Found Me"
},
{
"id": "954102",
"text": "were written by others but which Williams bought all rights to outright, as was a common practice in the music publishing business at the time. Clarence Williams was also credited as the author of Hank Williams' 1949 hit \"My Bucket's Got a Hole in It\", a song that was later recorded by Louis Armstrong. In 1970, Williams was posthumously inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Clarence Williams (musician) Clarence Williams (October 6, 1898 or October 8, 1893 – November 6, 1965) was an American jazz pianist, composer, promoter, vocalist, theatrical producer, and publisher. Williams was born in Plaquemine, Louisiana,",
"title": "Clarence Williams (musician)"
},
{
"id": "20297966",
"text": "Friends (Justin Bieber and BloodPop song) \"Friends\" is a song by Canadian singer Justin Bieber and American record producer and songwriter BloodPop. It was written by Bieber, Julia Michaels, Justin Tranter and BloodPop, with production handled by BloodPop. The song was released through GENPOP Corporation, RBMG Records, School Boy Records, Def Jam Recordings and Republic Records on August 17, 2017. It is Bieber's first single credited as lead artist to be released in over a year, the previous being \"Company\", which was released in March 2016 for his studio album \"Purpose\" (2015). \"Friends\" peaked at number two on the UK",
"title": "Friends (Justin Bieber and BloodPop song)"
},
{
"id": "6808205",
"text": "song by Carly Simon. It was the most famous track from her 1971 album of the same name. The song was used in commercials for Heinz Ketchup through the late 1970s into the 1980s. \"Help Me\" is a love song written, produced and performed by Joni Mitchell, from her 1974 album \"Court and Spark\". The song was recorded with jazz band Tom Scott's L.A. Express as the backing band. \"Have a Little Faith in Me\" is a song written and performed by John Hiatt that appears on his 1987 album \"Bring the Family\". Reviews among music critics were generally mixed.",
"title": "Coverage (album)"
},
{
"id": "14079779",
"text": "featured Viva Elvis by Las Vegas Cirque du Soleil. Gipsy Kings performed two songs: \"You've Got A Friend In Me\" (featuring dancing by Cheryl Burke, Dmitry Chaplin, Tony Dovolani and Kym Johnson), and \"Bamboleo\", which featured DJ Guthrie, Tyne Stecklein and two other guest professional dancers. Sarah McLachlan sang both \"Angel\" (with Jonathan Roberts and Anna Trebunskaya dancing) and \"Loving You is Easy\" (featuring dancing by Dmitry Chaplin, Kym Johnson, Lacey Schwimmer, and Damian Whitewood). Miley Cyrus performed \"Can't Be Tamed\" featuring her own dancers. For the May 18th \"Design a Dance\" performance, viewers had voted in the weeks beforehand",
"title": "Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 10)"
},
{
"id": "4580382",
"text": "Javine Hylton Javine Dionne Hylton (born 27 December 1981), often known simply as Javine, is an English R&B singer. She is most notable for representing the UK at the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest. At the she defeated the competition favourite, model Katie Price, for the ticket to Kiev. Hylton has also had a string of singles in the UK. Javine's cover version of \"You've Got a Friend\" was the theme music to \"\" in 2004. Hylton was born in London to a white mother and black father and grew up in Ladbroke Grove. For a spell of two years, Hylton",
"title": "Javine Hylton"
},
{
"id": "15751658",
"text": "My Friend Jack \"My Friend Jack\" is a psychedelic pop song released by the English pop group The Smoke in 1967. It was included originally in their debut album \"It's Smoke Time\", and It was also included (among other compilation albums) in the collection \"\" (Rhino, 2001). It was credited to all four band members: Geoff Gill, Mal Luker, Zeke Lund and Mick Rowley. The song was covered by artists as Boney M. You Am I, The Wondermints, She Made Me Do It, Obimen and Dreg Machine. \"My Friend Jack\" was the only one international hit by The Smoke. The",
"title": "My Friend Jack"
},
{
"id": "12583447",
"text": "Peter Zizzo Peter Eric Zizzo (born February 22, 1966) is an Emmy and Grammy Award winning American songwriter, music producer, musician and writer. Zizzo has written hits for artists such as Celine Dion, Avril Lavigne, Jennifer Lopez, Marit Larsen, O.A.R, Jason Mraz, Donna Summer, Diana Ross, M2M, Sir Cliff Richard, Clay Aiken, Howie Day, Kate Voegele, Jackie Evancho, Pixie Lott, Vanessa Carlton, and many others. He has been considered instrumental in developing the careers of artists Avril Lavigne, Vanessa Carlton in the US, and Pixie Lott in the UK. Recordings of his songs have collectively sold in excess of 100",
"title": "Peter Zizzo"
},
{
"id": "10129486",
"text": "Michael Masser Michael William Masser (March 24, 1941 – July 9, 2015) was an American songwriter, composer and producer of popular music. Born to a Jewish family in Chicago to Ester Huff and William Masser, he attended the University of Illinois College of Law. He became a stockbroker, but left to pursue his interest in music. Masser's first major composition hit, co-written with Ron Miller, was \"Touch Me in the Morning\", recorded by Diana Ross. He co-wrote several other hit songs in the 1970s and 1980s, including four made famous by Whitney Houston, \"Didn't We Almost Have It All\", \"Saving",
"title": "Michael Masser"
},
{
"id": "4177766",
"text": "in 1983. Notable songs written by Steinberg and Kelly include: Steinberg and Kelly were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2011. Kelly lost enthusiasm for songwriting in the mid-1990s, and went into semi-retirement in 1998. He remarried and had two more children with his second wife. As of 2011, he lives in Thousand Oaks, California near Sherwood Country Club where he enjoys playing golf regularly. Tom Kelly (musician) Thomas F. 'Tom' Kelly (born circa 1949) is an American musician, best known for his songwriting partnership with Billy Steinberg. Steinberg and Kelly co-wrote numerous hit songs for popular music",
"title": "Tom Kelly (musician)"
},
{
"id": "13467598",
"text": "Vincent Pontare Vincent Pontare (born 13 May 1980) is a multiple Swedish Grammy Award winning songwriter, producer, and singer from Sweden. He regularly collaborates with Salem Al Fakir as songwriting, producer, and duo Vargas & Lagola. They have written, co-written, and produced songs for Avicii, Axwell Ʌ Ingrosso, Madonna, and Seinabo Sey. First release as Vargas & Lagola was \"Rolling Stone\" in January 2017. In August 2017 they were featured artists on Avicii's \"Friend of Mine\" from EP \"Avīci (01)\" which they co-wrote. Vincent Pontare started his musical career a solo artist releasing his debut single “Paradise” in 2006 and",
"title": "Vincent Pontare"
},
{
"id": "11176410",
"text": "in 1987. You're a Friend of Mine \"You're a Friend of Mine\" is a 1985 hit song, written by Narada Michael Walden and Jeffrey Cohen, with lead vocals by Clarence Clemons and Jackson Browne in a duet. At the time of the song's release, Clemons was already well known nationally as the saxophonist in Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. The song was released on Clemons' solo album \"Hero\" of that year. Browne's then-girlfriend Daryl Hannah provides background vocals and appears in the song's music video painting and later filming the duo. Also appearing in the video is a backing band,",
"title": "You're a Friend of Mine"
},
{
"id": "1460734",
"text": "\"The Fleetwoods – Buried Treasure\" LP and cassette, released in 1982, included Newman's \"Who's Gonna Teach You About Love\" and \"Ask Him If He's Got a Friend for Me\". His early songs were recorded by Gene Pitney, Jerry Butler, Petula Clark, Dusty Springfield, Jackie DeShannon, the O'Jays and Irma Thomas, among others. His work as a songwriter met with particular success in the UK: top 40 UK hits written by Newman included Cilla Black's \"I've Been Wrong Before\" (No. 17, 1965), Gene Pitney's \"Nobody Needs Your Love\" (No. 2, 1966) and \"Just One Smile\" (No. 8, 1966); and the Alan",
"title": "Randy Newman"
},
{
"id": "10170719",
"text": "\"In spite of the fact that this hymn, with its tune, has been criticized as being too much on the order of the sentimental gospel type, its popularity remains strong, and the hymn retains a place in modern hymnals.\" In some settings, the lyrics have been matched to other tunes such as the Welsh \"Calon Lân\" (originally wedded to the Welsh poem translated as \"A Pure Heart\"). In Japan, the hymn's title was originally translated as , which is what it is best known by. In 1910, Daisui Sugitani re-wrote the lyrics in Japanese and changed the title to .",
"title": "What a Friend We Have in Jesus"
},
{
"id": "12780139",
"text": "You Had Me from Hello \"You Had Me from Hello\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Chesney. It was released in April 1999 as the second single from his 1999 album \"Everywhere We Go\". The song reached number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart in September 1999. It was also certified gold by the RIAA. Chesney wrote this song with Skip Ewing. In 1996, Chesney saw the movie \"Jerry Maguire\". In one of the film's memorable scenes, Tom Cruise's character gives out a heartfelt speech",
"title": "You Had Me from Hello"
},
{
"id": "11028375",
"text": "have covered his Beatles song \"Yesterday\", making it one of the most covered songs in popular music history. Wings' 1977 release \"Mull of Kintyre\" is one of the all-time best-selling singles in the UK. A two-time inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (as a member of the Beatles in 1988, and as a solo artist in 1999), and an 18-time Grammy Award winner, McCartney has written, or co-written, 32 songs that have reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and he had 25.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States. McCartney, Lennon, George Harrison and Ringo",
"title": "Paul McCartney"
},
{
"id": "20638534",
"text": "Life in Detail \"Life in Detail\" is a song by the English vocalist Robert Palmer, released in 1990 as a promotional single from the soundtrack of the American romantic comedy film \"Pretty Woman\". The song was written by Palmer and Allan Powell, and produced by Palmer. It reached No. 7 on the US \"Billboard\" Top Rock Tracks, and No. 34 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Top Singles Chart. \"Life in Detail\" had been written exclusively for the film. Powell had previously been the drummer in Vinegar Joe, which Palmer fronted, in the early 1970s. Following the band's split, Palmer and Powell",
"title": "Life in Detail"
},
{
"id": "10170723",
"text": "the 1973 film \"O Lucky Man!\" and later became a hit when used in the 1987 Volkswagen Golf television commercial. The tune was in the labor protest movement due to its wide popularity. \"Dump the Bosses Off Your Backs\" (words by John Brill) was published in the IWW \"Little Red Songbook\" and has been recorded by dozens of artists including Utah Phillips, Anne Feeney, and Joe Glazer. A Norwegian version was used in the film \"Trollhunter\". It was sung in the 1984 film \"Footloose\". What a Friend We Have in Jesus \"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\" is a",
"title": "What a Friend We Have in Jesus"
},
{
"id": "4243358",
"text": "Greatest Hurts: The Best of Jann Arden Greatest Hurts: The Best of Jann Arden is a 2001 greatest hits album by Jann Arden. In addition to Arden's best-known hits, the album also includes two new songs (\"Thing For You\" and \"Never Mind\"), two songs that Arden recorded for compilation albums (\"You Don't Know Me\", from the soundtrack to \"My Best Friend's Wedding\", and \"If It Be Your Will\", from the Leonard Cohen tribute \"Tower of Song\"), an alternate version of \"Sleepless\" and a live version of Arden's most famous song, \"Insensitive\". All songs written by Jann Arden, except where noted.",
"title": "Greatest Hurts: The Best of Jann Arden"
},
{
"id": "4243357",
"text": "Greatest Hurts: The Best of Jann Arden Greatest Hurts: The Best of Jann Arden is a 2001 greatest hits album by Jann Arden. In addition to Arden's best-known hits, the album also includes two new songs (\"Thing For You\" and \"Never Mind\"), two songs that Arden recorded for compilation albums (\"You Don't Know Me\", from the soundtrack to \"My Best Friend's Wedding\", and \"If It Be Your Will\", from the Leonard Cohen tribute \"Tower of Song\"), an alternate version of \"Sleepless\" and a live version of Arden's most famous song, \"Insensitive\". All songs written by Jann Arden, except where noted.",
"title": "Greatest Hurts: The Best of Jann Arden"
}
] | who wrote the song you've got a friend in me |
|
| [
{
"id": "10413769",
"text": "Groundfish Groundfish are fish that live on, in, or near the bottom of the body of water they inhabit. Some typical saltwater groundfish species are cod, flounder, halibut, and sole. Related terms used in different contexts include \"demersal fish\" and \"whitefish\", and (more broadly) \"bottom feeder\" . Saltwater groundfish harvesting is subject to numerous federal regulations in the United States, such as 50 CFR 679, dealing with fishing in Alaskan waters. Freshwater groundfish harvesting is not subject to federal regulation per se (certain species may be subject to other rules), perhaps because there are fewer true groundfish species that live",
"title": "Groundfish"
},
{
"id": "16822207",
"text": "Saltwater fish Saltwater fish, also called marine fish, are fish that live in ocean water. Saltwater fish can swim and live alone or live in a large group together, called a school of fish. Saltwater fish are very popular among deep sea fishermen and aquariums all over the country. Saltwater fish are very commonly kept in aquariums for entertainment. Many saltwater fish are also caught to be eaten. Fish that live in the ocean can be carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores. Herbivores in the ocean eat things such as algae and flowering seagrasses. Many herbivores' diets consist of primarily algae. Most",
"title": "Saltwater fish"
},
{
"id": "8652533",
"text": "Freshwater fish Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 0.05%. These environments differ from marine conditions in many ways, the most obvious being the difference in levels of salinity. To survive fresh water, the fish need a range of physiological adaptations. 41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This is primarily due to the rapid speciation that the scattered habitats make possible. When dealing with ponds and lakes, one might use the same basic models of",
"title": "Freshwater fish"
},
{
"id": "10413770",
"text": "in fresh water. Groundfish Groundfish are fish that live on, in, or near the bottom of the body of water they inhabit. Some typical saltwater groundfish species are cod, flounder, halibut, and sole. Related terms used in different contexts include \"demersal fish\" and \"whitefish\", and (more broadly) \"bottom feeder\" . Saltwater groundfish harvesting is subject to numerous federal regulations in the United States, such as 50 CFR 679, dealing with fishing in Alaskan waters. Freshwater groundfish harvesting is not subject to federal regulation per se (certain species may be subject to other rules), perhaps because there are fewer true groundfish",
"title": "Groundfish"
},
{
"id": "8652534",
"text": "speciation as when studying island biogeography. Freshwater fish differ physiologically from salt water fish in several respects. Their gills must be able to diffuse dissolved gasses while keeping the salts in the body fluids inside. Their scales reduce water diffusion through the skin: freshwater fish that have lost too many scales will die. They also have well developed kidneys to reclaim salts from body fluids before excretion. Many species of fish do reproduce in freshwater, but spend most of their adult lives in the sea. These are known as anadromous fish, and include, for instance, salmon, trout, sea lamprey and",
"title": "Freshwater fish"
},
{
"id": "5387391",
"text": "Saline water Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly NaCl). The salt concentration is usually expressed in parts per thousand (permille, ‰) or parts per million (ppm). The United States Geological Survey classifies saline water in three salinity categories. Salt concentration in slightly saline water is around 1,000 to 3,000 ppm (0.1–0.3%), in moderately saline water 3,000 to 10,000 ppm (0.3–1%) and in highly saline water 10,000 to 35,000 ppm (1–3.5%). Seawater has a salinity of roughly 35,000 ppm, equivalent to 35 grams of salt per one liter",
"title": "Saline water"
},
{
"id": "4732868",
"text": "Salt Salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quantities in seawater, where it is the main mineral constituent. The open ocean has about of solids per litre, a salinity of 3.5%. Salt is essential for life in general, and saltiness is one of the basic human tastes. Salt is one of the oldest and most ubiquitous food seasonings, and salting is an important method of food",
"title": "Salt"
},
{
"id": "16822211",
"text": "called estuaries, areas when oceans and rivers meet creating a mixture of salt water and freshwater making a different habitat for different types of fish and creatures to live in. The ocean is home to organisms as large as whales and as small as microscopic marine organisms such as phytoplankton. However, the vast majority of ocean life that humans are exposed to is simple saltwater fish. Saltwater fish can live in the deepest depths of the ocean where no sunlight can penetrate, but they can also live on the surface of the water. Saltwater fish Saltwater fish, also called marine",
"title": "Saltwater fish"
},
{
"id": "8652535",
"text": "three-spined stickleback. Some other kinds of fish are, on the contrary, born in salt water, but live most of or parts of their adult lives in fresh water; for instance the eels. These are known as catadromous fish. Species migrating between marine and fresh waters need adaptations for both environments; when in salt water they need to keep the bodily salt concentration on a level lower than the surroundings, and vice versa. Many species solve this problem by associating different habitats with different stages of life. Both eels, anadromous salmoniform fish and the sea lamprey have different tolerances in salinity",
"title": "Freshwater fish"
},
{
"id": "2556162",
"text": "mud volcanoes are found on the eastern side of the Salton Sea. A number of geothermal electricity generation plants are located along the southeastern shore of the Salton Sea in Imperial County. The US Geological Survey describes the smell as \"objectionable\", \"noxious\", \"unique\", and \"pervasive\". Due to the high salinity, very few fish species can tolerate living in the Salton Sea. Introduced tilapia are the main fish that can tolerate the high salinity levels and pollution. Other freshwater fish species live in the rivers and canals that feed the Salton Sea, including threadfin shad, carp, red shiner, channel catfish, white",
"title": "Salton Sea"
},
{
"id": "8652538",
"text": "pan-North American study, the main cause being human pollution. The number of fish species and subspecies to become endangered has risen from 40 to 61, since 1989. Freshwater fish Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 0.05%. These environments differ from marine conditions in many ways, the most obvious being the difference in levels of salinity. To survive fresh water, the fish need a range of physiological adaptations. 41.24% of all known species of fish are found in fresh water. This",
"title": "Freshwater fish"
},
{
"id": "2340136",
"text": "Hydrozoa Hydrozoa (hydrozoans, from ancient Greek ὕδρα, \"hydra\", \"sea serpent\" and ζῷον, \"zoon\", \"animal\") are a taxonomic class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most living in salt water. The colonies of the colonial species can be large, and in some cases the specialized individual animals cannot survive outside the colony. A few genera within this class live in fresh water. Hydrozoans are related to jellyfish and corals and belong to the phylum Cnidaria. Some examples of hydrozoans are the freshwater jelly (\"Craspedacusta sowerbyi\"), freshwater polyps (\"Hydra\"), \"Obelia\", Portuguese man o' war (\"Physalia physalis\"), chondrophores",
"title": "Hydrozoa"
},
{
"id": "2556165",
"text": "body was initially a freshwater lake, but by the 1960s, its rising salinity had begun to jeopardize some of its species. With a salinity now exceeding 5.0% w/v (saltier than seawater), most species of fish can no longer survive. A freshwater fish notable for its ability to withstand the rising salinity of the Salton Sea, the desert pupfish, can survive salinities ranging from 0.0% to 7.0%. Fertilizer runoffs have resulted in eutrophication, with large algal blooms and elevated bacterial levels. By 2014, large swaths of lake bed were exposed and salt levels drastically increased due to mandated water transfers to",
"title": "Salton Sea"
},
{
"id": "7390253",
"text": "Euryhaline Euryhaline organisms are able to adapt to a wide range of salinities. An example of a euryhaline fish is the molly (\"Poecilia sphenops\") which can live in fresh water, brackish water, or salt water. The green crab (\"Carcinus maenas\") is an example of a euryhaline invertebrate that can live in salt and brackish water. Euryhaline organisms are commonly found in habitats such as estuaries and tide pools where the salinity changes regularly. However, some organisms are euryhaline because their life cycle involves migration between freshwater and marine environments, as is the case with salmon and eels. The opposite of",
"title": "Euryhaline"
},
{
"id": "16822210",
"text": "Some of them are the temperature of the water, the quality, and quantity of water (flow and depth). There are other physical features that contribute to a habitat which are physical materials like rocks, reefs, and sand or the vegetation like the amount of algae, water plants, and saltmarsh. Specific fish live in specific habitats based on what they eat or what cycle of life they are currently at, another thing is the amount of salt that is in the water at that specific location. Another thing is that some ocean habitats aren't technically in the ocean and these are",
"title": "Saltwater fish"
},
{
"id": "5387394",
"text": "product in the production of chlorine. Saline water Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly NaCl). The salt concentration is usually expressed in parts per thousand (permille, ‰) or parts per million (ppm). The United States Geological Survey classifies saline water in three salinity categories. Salt concentration in slightly saline water is around 1,000 to 3,000 ppm (0.1–0.3%), in moderately saline water 3,000 to 10,000 ppm (0.3–1%) and in highly saline water 10,000 to 35,000 ppm (1–3.5%). Seawater has a salinity of roughly 35,000 ppm, equivalent to 35",
"title": "Saline water"
},
{
"id": "4732913",
"text": "are almost always present on an altar, and salt is used in a wide variety of rituals and ceremonies. Salt Salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quantities in seawater, where it is the main mineral constituent. The open ocean has about of solids per litre, a salinity of 3.5%. Salt is essential for life in general, and saltiness is one of the basic human tastes.",
"title": "Salt"
},
{
"id": "4458397",
"text": "Kaluga (fish) The kaluga (\"Huso dauricus\") is a large predatory sturgeon found in the Amur River basin. Also known as the river beluga, they are claimed to be the largest freshwater fish in the world, with a maximum size of at least 1,000 kg (2,205 lb) and 5.6 m (18.6 ft). The kaluga is one of the biggest of the sturgeon family. Like the slightly larger beluga, it spends part of its life in salt water. Unlike the beluga, this fish has 5 major rows of dermal scutes, nail-like teeth in its jaws, and feeds on salmon and other fish",
"title": "Kaluga (fish)"
},
{
"id": "16822208",
"text": "saltwater fish will eat both macroalgae and microalgae. Many fish eat red, green, brown, and blue algae, but some fish prefer certain types. Most saltwater fish that are carnivores will never eat algae under any circumstances. Carnivores' diets consist of shrimp, plankton, or tiny crustaceans. Saltwater aquariums are a multi-million dollar industry in the United States. About 10 million marine fish are imported into the United States each year for aquarium use. The United States imports more saltwater fish than any other country in the world. There are approximately 2,000 different species of saltwater fish that are imported and used",
"title": "Saltwater fish"
},
{
"id": "1873662",
"text": "Seawater Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, 599 mM). This means that every kilogram (roughly one litre by volume) of seawater has approximately of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium () and chloride () ions). Average density at the surface is 1.025 kg/L. Seawater is denser than both fresh water and pure water (density 1.0 kg/L at ) because the dissolved salts increase the mass by a larger proportion than the volume. The freezing point of seawater decreases as salt concentration increases.",
"title": "Seawater"
},
{
"id": "8002899",
"text": "Salt and pepper catfish The salt and pepper catfish (\"Corydoras habrosus\") is a tropical freshwater fish belonging to the Corydoradinae sub-family of the family Callichthyidae. It originates in inland waters in South America, and is found in the Upper Orinoco River basin in Venezuela and Colombia. C. habrosus, is often found in periodic wetlands, large floodplains to where other species migrate seasonally. These small corydoras are prone to entrapment in receding waters, and populations can suffer during the dry season. Their natural habitat tends to be abundant in leaf litter and plant life, providing ample cover to allow these fish",
"title": "Salt and pepper catfish"
},
{
"id": "15173821",
"text": "Adonis tetra The Adonis tetra (\"Lepidarchus adonis\") also known as the jellybean tetra, is a very small African fish of the family Alestidae. It is the only member of its genus. \"Lepidarchus adonis\" is native to freshwater habitats near the Atlantic coast in Ghana, Sierra Leone, and Côte d'Ivoire. The Adonis tetra can reach 2.1 cm long, smaller than the neon tetra, and is one of the smallest fish normally kept in aquaria. The IUCN red list lists the Adonis tetra as being vulnerable (2010). There is considerable cause for concern because of the increasing levels of pollution in the",
"title": "Adonis tetra"
},
{
"id": "566879",
"text": "Whitefish (fisheries term) Whitefish or white fish is a fisheries term for several species of demersal fish with fins, particularly Atlantic cod (\"Gadus morhua\"), Caspian kutum (\"Rutilus kutum\"), whiting (\"Merluccius bilinearis\"), and haddock (\"Melanogrammus aeglefinus\"), but also hake (\"Urophycis\"), pollock (\"Pollachius\"), or others. Whitefish (Coregonidae) is also the name of several species of Atlantic freshwater fish, so the use of the two-word term 'white fish' is less misleading. White fish live on or near the seafloor, and can be contrasted with the oily or pelagic fish which live in the water column away from the seafloor. Unlike oily fish, white",
"title": "Whitefish (fisheries term)"
},
{
"id": "7390256",
"text": "the excess water. A marine fish has an internal osmotic concentration lower than that of the surrounding seawater, so it tends to lose water (to the more negative surroundings) and gain salt. It actively excretes salt out from the gills. Most fish are stenohaline, which means they are restricted to either salt or fresh water and cannot survive in water with a different salt concentration than they are adapted to. However, some fish show a tremendous ability to effectively osmoregulate across a broad range of salinities; fish with this ability are known as euryhaline species, e.g., salmon. Salmon has been",
"title": "Euryhaline"
},
{
"id": "15929086",
"text": "Aspius Aspius is sometimes considered a genus of Eurasian cyprinid fish, with two recognized species. Both species are now usually included in the genus Leuciscus. They live in depths of water at a minimum of 10 m (33 ft.), at 4 to 20 °C (39 to 68 F.). These fish grow to a maximum of 120 cm (3.9 ft.) long and weigh no more than 12 kg (26 lb.) and live up to 11 years. \"Aspius\" species have 7–9 dorsal soft rays and 12–15 anal soft rays. Their long bodies have a long, sharp head. They have a green back",
"title": "Aspius"
},
{
"id": "12324010",
"text": "as their living space are penguins, seagulls and pelicans. Seven species of turtles, the sea turtles, also spend most of their time in the oceans. A zone of rapid salinity increase with depth is called a halocline. The temperature of maximum density of seawater decreases as its salt content increases. Freezing temperature of water decreases with salinity, and boiling temperature of water increases with salinity. Typical seawater freezes at around −1.9 °C at atmospheric pressure. If precipitation exceeds evaporation, as is the case in polar and temperate regions, salinity will be lower. If evaporation exceeds precipitation, as is the case",
"title": "Ocean"
},
{
"id": "2667876",
"text": "Beloniformes Beloniformes is an order composed of six families (and about 264 species) of freshwater and marine ray-finned fish: With the exception of the Adrianichthyidae, these are streamlined, medium-sized fishes that live close to the surface of the water, feeding on algae, plankton, or smaller animals including other fishes. Most are marine, though a few needlefish and halfbeaks inhabit brackish and fresh waters. The order is sometimes divided up into two suborders, the Adrianichthyoidei and the Belonoidei. The Adrianichthyoidei contain only a single family, the Adrianichthyidae. Originally, the Adrianichthyidae were included in the Cyprinidontiformes and assumed to be closely related",
"title": "Beloniformes"
},
{
"id": "1758971",
"text": "balance and therefore can only live within a narrow range of salinity, diadromous fish have the ability to migrate between fresh water and saline water bodies. During these migrations they undergo changes to adapt to the surroundings of the changed salinities; these processes are hormonally controlled. The eel (\"Anguilla anguilla\") uses the hormone prolactin, while in salmon (\"Salmo salar\") the hormone cortisol plays a key role during this process. Many sea birds have special glands at the base of the bill through which excess salt is excreted. Similarly the marine iguanas on the Galápagos Islands excrete excess salt through a",
"title": "Fresh water"
},
{
"id": "212759",
"text": "of the endemic and native vertebrate species. Beautiful and exotic birds, such as the Jamaican tody and the doctor bird (the national bird), can be found among a large number of others. Jamaican waters contain considerable resources of fresh-and saltwater fish. The chief varieties of saltwater fish are kingfish, jack, mackerel, whiting, bonito, and tuna. Fish that occasionally enter freshwater and estuarine environments include snook, jewfish, mangrove snapper, and mullets. Fish that spend the majority of their lives in Jamaica's fresh waters include many species of livebearers, killifish, freshwater gobies, the mountain mullet, and the American eel. Tilapia have been",
"title": "Jamaica"
},
{
"id": "2339199",
"text": "Damselfish Damselfishes comprise the family Pomacentridae except those of the genera \"Amphiprion\" and \"Premnas\", which are the anemonefishes. The largest can grow up to long, but most species are much smaller. While most are marine, a few species inhabit the lower stretches of rivers in fresh water. Most damselfish species have bright colors or strongly contrasting patterns. in tropical rocky or coral reefs, and many of those are kept as marine aquarium pets. Their diets include small crustaceans, plankton, and algae. However, a few live in fresh and brackish waters, such as the freshwater damselfish, or in warm temperate climates,",
"title": "Damselfish"
},
{
"id": "10522648",
"text": "of a salt gland in early reptiles and birds allowed them to eat aquatic plants and animals with high salt concentrations. This evolutionary development does not account for the gland in elasmobranchs, suggesting convergent evolution. Some theories suggest mammalian tear ducts and sweat glands may be evolutionarily related to salt glands. While human tears are high in potassium, most phylogeneticists disagree with the association. Salt gland The salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts. It is found in elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, and skates), seabirds, and some reptiles. Sharks' glands are found in their rectum, birds' and reptiles' in",
"title": "Salt gland"
},
{
"id": "4732904",
"text": "() ions, per kilogram (2.2 lbs) of water. The world's oceans are a virtually inexhaustible source of salt, and this abundance of supply means that reserves have not been calculated. The evaporation of seawater is the production method of choice in marine countries with high evaporation and low precipitation rates. Salt evaporation ponds are filled from the ocean and salt crystals can be harvested as the water dries up. Sometimes these ponds have vivid colours, as some species of algae and other micro-organisms thrive in conditions of high salinity. Elsewhere, salt is extracted from the vast sedimentary deposits which have",
"title": "Salt"
},
{
"id": "2687564",
"text": "Soleidae The true soles are a family, Soleidae, of flatfishes. It includes saltwater and brackish water species in the East Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and West and Central Pacific Ocean. Freshwater species are found in Africa, southern Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. In the past, soles of the Americas (both fresh and salt water) were included in this family, but they have been separated to their own family, the American soles (Achiridae). The only true sole remaining in that region is \"Aseraggodes herrei\" of the Galápagos and Cocos Island. The true soles are bottom-dwelling fishes feeding on small crustaceans and other",
"title": "Soleidae"
},
{
"id": "16315377",
"text": "Halicampus Halicampus is a genus of pipefishes of the family Syngnathidae, containing 12 described species. The name \"Halicampus\" is derived from Greek. The first part of the name, ', is a word for sea or salt when used in combination with other words, deriving from , '. In this case, \"hali-\" has been combined with ', which is from the Greek word ', meaning a bend, turn or curve. There are currently 12 recognized species in this genus: \"Halicampus\" species are mainly found in shallow tropical or subtropical waters of the Pacific, Indian and South-east Atlantic Oceans. When fully grown",
"title": "Halicampus"
},
{
"id": "7390260",
"text": "into their bodies, and they must produce large quantities of dilute urine (at 10 times the rate of marine individuals) to compensate. Euryhaline Euryhaline organisms are able to adapt to a wide range of salinities. An example of a euryhaline fish is the molly (\"Poecilia sphenops\") which can live in fresh water, brackish water, or salt water. The green crab (\"Carcinus maenas\") is an example of a euryhaline invertebrate that can live in salt and brackish water. Euryhaline organisms are commonly found in habitats such as estuaries and tide pools where the salinity changes regularly. However, some organisms are euryhaline",
"title": "Euryhaline"
},
{
"id": "5923388",
"text": "live in water, they appear to have no fins or scales (except under a microscope) (see Leviticus 11:10–13). Sunni Muslim laws are more flexible in this and catfish and shark are generally seen as halal as they are special types of fish. Eel is generally considered permissible in the four Sunni \"madh'hab\", but the Ja'fari jurisprudence followed by most Shia Muslims forbids it. Many tribes of the Southwestern United States, including the Navaho, Apache, and Zuñi, have a taboo against fish and other water-related animals, including waterfowl. Fish as food Many species of fish are consumed as food in virtually",
"title": "Fish as food"
},
{
"id": "8971663",
"text": "Stenohaline Stenohaline describes an organism, usually fish, that cannot tolerate a wide fluctuation in the salinity of water. Stenohaline is derived from the words: \"\"steno\"\" meaning narrow, and \"\"haline\"\" meaning salt. Many fresh water fish, such as goldfish (\"Carassius auratus\"), tend to be stenohaline and die in environments of high salinity such as the ocean. Many marine fish, such as haddock, are also stenohaline and die in water with lower salinity. Alternatively, fish living in coastal estuaries and tide pools are often euryhaline (tolerant to changes in salinity) as are many species which have life cycle requiring tolerance to both",
"title": "Stenohaline"
},
{
"id": "2556163",
"text": "catfish, largemouth bass, mosquitofish, sailfin molly, and the vulnerable desert pupfish. The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has developed a safe eating advisory for fish caught in the Salton Sea based on levels of mercury or PCBs found in local species. The Salton Sea has been termed a \"crown jewel of avian biodiversity\" by Dr. Milt Friend of the Salton Sea Science Office. Over 400 species have been documented at the Salton Sea. The most diverse and probably the most significant populations of bird life in the continental United States are hosted, rivaled only by Big Bend National",
"title": "Salton Sea"
},
{
"id": "10486937",
"text": "Salted fish Salted fish, such as kippered herring or dried and salted cod, is fish cured with dry salt and thus preserved for later eating. Drying or salting, either with dry salt or with brine, was the only widely available method of preserving fish until the 19th century. Dried fish and salted fish (or fish both dried and salted) are a staple of diets in the Caribbean, North Africa, Southeast Asia, Southern China, Scandinavia, parts of Canada including Newfoundland, coastal Russia, and in the Arctic. Like other salt-cured meats, it provides preserved animal protein even in the absence of refrigeration.",
"title": "Salted fish"
},
{
"id": "7555462",
"text": "as a whole evolved in an ancestor of all jawed vertebrate. The 2006 IUCN Red List names 1,173 fish species that are threatened with extinction. Included are species such as Atlantic cod, Devil's Hole pupfish, coelacanths, and great white sharks. Because fish live underwater they are more difficult to study than terrestrial animals and plants, and information about fish populations is often lacking. However, freshwater fish seem particularly threatened because they often live in relatively small water bodies. For example, the Devil's Hole pupfish occupies only a single pool. Overfishing is a major threat to edible fish such as cod",
"title": "Fish"
},
{
"id": "8652537",
"text": "species can survive in a wide range of conditions, preferring a water temperature around . Warmwater fish can survive cold winter temperatures in northern climates, but thrive in warmer water. Common warmwater fish include catfish, largemouth bass, bluegill, crappies, and many other species from the Centrarchidae family. Coolwater fish species prefer water temperature between the coldwater and warmwater species, around . They are found throughout North America except for the southern portions of the United States. Common coolwater species include muskellunge, northern pike, walleye, and yellow perch About four in ten North American freshwater fish are endangered, according to a",
"title": "Freshwater fish"
},
{
"id": "6908284",
"text": "Asp (fish) The asp (\"Leuciscus aspius\") is a European freshwater fish of the Cyprinid family. It is sometimes considered one of two members of the genus Aspius by some taxonomic authorities. It is protected under Appendix III of the Bern Convention and listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List. Normally, asps are between 10 and 80 cm in length, with some reaching 120 cm, and weighing up to 12 kg. They inhabit lakes and lower reaches of rivers and estuaries. In spring, in April–June, asps migrate from lakes to streams for spawning. Spawning is triggered by the rise",
"title": "Asp (fish)"
},
{
"id": "453614",
"text": "Coregonus Coregonus is a diverse genus of fish in the salmon family (Salmonidae). The \"Coregonus\" species are known as whitefishes. The genus contains at least 68 described extant taxa, but the true number of species is a matter of debate. The type species of the genus is \"Coregonus lavaretus\". Most \"Coregonus\" species inhabit lakes and rivers, and several species, including the Arctic cisco (\"C. autumnalis\"), the Bering cisco (\"C. laurettae\"), and the least cisco (\"C. sardinella\") are anadromous, moving between salt water and fresh water. The genus was previously subdivided into two subgenera \"Coregonus\" (\"true whitefishes\") and \"Leucichthys\" (\"ciscoes\"), \"Coregonus\"",
"title": "Coregonus"
},
{
"id": "8002903",
"text": "on the aquarium glass and decor. Eggs are rarely placed on the top of the leaves or close to the water surface. The spawning male will protect the female from other males attempting to spawn with her. Salt and pepper catfish The salt and pepper catfish (\"Corydoras habrosus\") is a tropical freshwater fish belonging to the Corydoradinae sub-family of the family Callichthyidae. It originates in inland waters in South America, and is found in the Upper Orinoco River basin in Venezuela and Colombia. C. habrosus, is often found in periodic wetlands, large floodplains to where other species migrate seasonally. These",
"title": "Salt and pepper catfish"
},
{
"id": "6387771",
"text": "consideration of biological loading, is usually enough to keep these nutrient cycles in adequate equilibrium. The solute content of water is perhaps the most important aspect of water conditions, as total dissolved solids and other constituents can dramatically impact basic water chemistry, and therefore how organisms interact with their environment. Salt content, or salinity, is the most basic classification of water conditions. An aquarium may have freshwater (salinity below 0.5 PPT), simulating a lake or river environment; brackish water (a salt level of 0.5 to 30 PPT), simulating environments lying between fresh and salt, such as estuaries; and salt water",
"title": "Fishkeeping"
},
{
"id": "12365973",
"text": "excretes salt out from the gills. Most fish are stenohaline, which means they are restricted to either salt or fresh water and cannot survive in water with a different salt concentration than they are adapted to. However, some fish show a tremendous ability to effectively osmoregulate across a broad range of salinities; fish with this ability are known as euryhaline species, e.g., Flounder. Flounder have been observed to inhabit two utterly disparate environments—marine and fresh water—and it is inherent to adapt to both by bringing in behavioral and physiological modifications. Some marine fish, like sharks, have adopted a different, efficient",
"title": "Osmoregulation"
},
{
"id": "16973737",
"text": "to either salt or fresh water and cannot survive in water with a different salt concentration than they are adapted to. However, some fish show a tremendous ability to effectively osmoregulate across a broad range of salinities; fish with this ability are known as euryhaline species, e.g., salmon. Salmon has been observed to inhabit two utterly disparate environments — marine and fresh water — and it is inherent to adapt to both by bringing in behavioral and physiological modifications. In contrast to bony fish, with the exception of the coelacanth, the blood and other tissue of sharks and Chondrichthyes is",
"title": "Fish physiology"
},
{
"id": "6897385",
"text": "Marine otter The marine otter (\"Lontra felina\") is a rare and poorly known South American mammal of the weasel family (Mustelidae). The scientific name means \"otter cat\", and in Spanish, the marine otter is also often referred to as : \"marine cat\". The marine otter (while spending much of its time out of the water) only lives in saltwater, coastal environments and rarely ventures into freshwater or estuarine habitats. This saltwater exclusivity is unlike most other otter species, except for the almost fully aquatic sea otter (\"Enhydra lutris\") of the north Pacific. The marine otter is one of the smallest",
"title": "Marine otter"
},
{
"id": "2906008",
"text": "Saltwater crocodile The saltwater crocodile (\"Crocodylus porosus\"), also known as the estuarine crocodile, Indo-Pacific crocodile, marine crocodile, sea crocodile or informally as saltie, is the largest of all living reptiles, as well as the largest riparian predator in the world. Males of this species can reach sizes up to in length. However, an adult male saltwater crocodile rarely reaches or exceeds a size of weighing . Females are much smaller and often do not surpass . As its name implies, this species of crocodile can live in marine environments, but usually resides in saline and brackish mangrove swamps, estuaries, deltas,",
"title": "Saltwater crocodile"
},
{
"id": "12440350",
"text": "water chemistry, and therefore how organisms interact with their environment. Salt content, or salinity, is the most basic measure of water conditions. An aquarium may have freshwater (salinity below 500 parts per million), simulating a lake or river environment; brackish water (a salt level of 500 to 30,000 PPM), simulating environments lying between fresh and salt, such as estuaries; and salt water or seawater (a salt level of 30,000 to 40,000 PPM), simulating an ocean environment. Rarely, higher salt concentrations are maintained in specialized tanks for raising brine organisms. Saltwater is typically alkaline, while the pH (alkalinity or acidicity) of",
"title": "Aquarium"
},
{
"id": "3208227",
"text": "Oily fish Oily fish have oil in their tissues and in the belly cavity around the gut. Their fillets contain up to 30% oil, although this figure varies both within and between species. Examples include small forage fish, such as sardines, herring and anchovies, and other larger pelagic fish, such as salmon, trout, tuna, swordfish and mackerel. Oily fish can be contrasted with white fish, which contain oil only in the liver, and much less overall than oily fish. Examples of white fish are cod, haddock and flatfish. White fish are usually demersal fish which live on or near the",
"title": "Oily fish"
},
{
"id": "723799",
"text": "Deep sea fish Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea. The lanternfish is, by far, the most common deep-sea fish. Other deep sea fishes include the flashlight fish, cookiecutter shark, bristlemouths, anglerfish, viperfish, and some species of eelpout. Only about 2% of known marine species inhabit the pelagic environment. This means that they live in the water column as opposed to the benthic organisms that live in or on the sea floor. Deep-sea organisms generally inhabit bathypelagic (1000–4000m deep) and abyssopelagic (4000–6000m",
"title": "Deep sea fish"
},
{
"id": "9328369",
"text": "Brackish-water aquarium A brackish-water aquarium is an aquarium where the water is brackish (semi-salty). The range of \"saltiness\" varies greatly, from near freshwater to near marine and is often referred to as specific gravity (SG) or salinity. Brackish water aquaria is a popular specialization within the fishkeeping hobby. Many species of fish traded as freshwater species are actually true brackish species, for example mollies, Florida flagfish, and some cichlids such as chromides and black-chin tilapia. There are also several popular species traded purely as brackish water fish, including monos spp, scats, archerfish, and various species of pufferfish, goby, flatfish, and",
"title": "Brackish-water aquarium"
},
{
"id": "15929087",
"text": "with a silver/blue tint with a silver/white belly. Their pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins are grey and brown. \"Aspius\" species are predominantly found in Europe and Asia in large rivers draining to the North Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Sea of Azov, and the Caspian Sea. They mostly inhabit open waters with large and medium-sized lowland rivers and large lakes. Aspius Aspius is sometimes considered a genus of Eurasian cyprinid fish, with two recognized species. Both species are now usually included in the genus Leuciscus. They live in depths of water at a minimum of 10 m (33 ft.), at",
"title": "Aspius"
},
{
"id": "4142451",
"text": "Atlantic salmon The Atlantic salmon (\"Salmo salar\") is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is found in the northern Atlantic Ocean, in rivers that flow into the north Atlantic and, due to human introduction, in the north Pacific Ocean. Atlantic salmon have long been the target of recreational and commercial fishing, and this, as well as habitat destruction, has reduced their numbers significantly; the species is the subject of conservation efforts in several countries. The Atlantic salmon was given its scientific binomial name by zoologist and taxonomist Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The name, \"Salmo salar\", derives",
"title": "Atlantic salmon"
},
{
"id": "17234108",
"text": "Pterois Pterois is a genus of venomous marine fish, commonly known as lionfish, native to the Indo-Pacific. Also called zebrafish, firefish, turkeyfish, tastyfish or butterfly-cod, it is characterized by conspicuous warning coloration with red, white, creamy, or black bands, showy pectoral fins, and venomous spiky fin rays. \"Pterois radiata\", \"Pterois volitans\", and \"Pterois miles\" are the most commonly studied species in the genus. \"Pterois\" species are popular aquarium fish. \"P. volitans\" and \"P. miles\" are a recent and significant invasive species in the west Atlantic, Caribbean Sea and Mediterranean Sea. There are currently 12 recognized species in this genus: \"Pterois\"",
"title": "Pterois"
},
{
"id": "10697074",
"text": "Mangrove rivulus The mangrove killifish or mangrove rivulus, \"Kryptolebias marmoratus\" (syn. \"Rivulus marmoratus\"), is a species of fish in the Aplocheilidae family. It lives in brackish and marine waters (less frequently in fresh water) along the coasts of Florida, through the Antilles, and along the eastern and northern Atlantic coasts of Mexico, Central America and South America (south to Brazil). It has a very wide tolerance of both salinity (0—68 ‰) and temperature (), can survive for about two months on land, and mostly breeds by self-fertilization. It is typically found in areas with red mangrove and sometimes lives in",
"title": "Mangrove rivulus"
},
{
"id": "4740814",
"text": "Arctic char Arctic char or Arctic charr (\"Salvelinus alpinus\") is a cold-water fish in the family Salmonidae, native to alpine lakes and arctic and subarctic coastal waters. Its distribution is circumpolar. It spawns in fresh water and populations can be lacustrine, riverine or anadromous, where they return from the ocean to their fresh water birth rivers to spawn. No other freshwater fish is found as far north; it is, for instance, the only fish species in Lake Hazen on Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic. It is one of the rarest fish species in Britain and Ireland, found mainly in",
"title": "Arctic char"
},
{
"id": "18722011",
"text": "other side of the continent of South America is unclear. Many believe they were brought over in the ballast tanks of ships. The small size of the species makes it very easy for them to enter the intake holes on a ship's ballast tank. Also, their ability to tolerate a wide range of salinity levels, as well as temperature fluctuations, makes it likely for them to inhabit a ballast tank on journeys across the ocean. Butis koilomatodon Butis koilomatodon, commonly known as the mudsleeper, is a species of fish in the family Butidae native to fresh, brackish and salt water",
"title": "Butis koilomatodon"
},
{
"id": "15173822",
"text": "waterways it inhabits. Adonis tetra The Adonis tetra (\"Lepidarchus adonis\") also known as the jellybean tetra, is a very small African fish of the family Alestidae. It is the only member of its genus. \"Lepidarchus adonis\" is native to freshwater habitats near the Atlantic coast in Ghana, Sierra Leone, and Côte d'Ivoire. The Adonis tetra can reach 2.1 cm long, smaller than the neon tetra, and is one of the smallest fish normally kept in aquaria. The IUCN red list lists the Adonis tetra as being vulnerable (2010). There is considerable cause for concern because of the increasing levels of",
"title": "Adonis tetra"
},
{
"id": "15811963",
"text": "Sakhalin sole The Sakhalin sole (\"Limanda sakhalinensis\") is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on bottoms at depths of between , though it is most commonly found between around . Its native habitat is the polar waters of the northwestern Pacific, from the Sea of Okhotsk to the west and central Bering Sea, as far as the Pribilof Islands. It can reach up to in length, though the common length is around . The maximum recorded weight is , and the maximum recorded lifespan is 8 years. The Sakhalin sole is elongate to",
"title": "Sakhalin sole"
},
{
"id": "1758964",
"text": "without some treatment. Fresh water can easily become polluted by human activities or due to naturally occurring processes, such as erosion. Water is critical to the survival of all living organisms. Some organisms can thrive on salt water, but the great majority of higher plants and most mammals need fresh water to live. Fresh water can be defined as water with less than 500 parts per million (ppm) of dissolved salts. Other sources give higher upper salinity limits for fresh water, e.g. 1000 ppm or 3000 ppm. Fresh water habitats are classified as either lentic systems, which are the still-waters",
"title": "Fresh water"
},
{
"id": "2650621",
"text": "Rhodeus Rhodeus is a genus of cyprinid fish, consisting of 22 species called bitterlings. The scientific name is derived from the Greek word \"rhodeos\", meaning \"rose\". Most species in the genus are restricted to Asia, but two species are found in Europe (\"R. amarus\" and \"R. meridionalis\"). Bitterlings are short-lived species, generally surviving only about five years. Their maximum size is 11 cm, but they are usually much shorter. Bitterlings inhabit slow-flowing or still waters, such as ponds, lakes, marshes, muddy and sandy pools, and river backwaters. Because they depend on freshwater mussels to reproduce, their range is restricted. Bitterlings",
"title": "Rhodeus"
},
{
"id": "8971664",
"text": "fresh water and seawater environments such as salmon and herring. Stenohaline Stenohaline describes an organism, usually fish, that cannot tolerate a wide fluctuation in the salinity of water. Stenohaline is derived from the words: \"\"steno\"\" meaning narrow, and \"\"haline\"\" meaning salt. Many fresh water fish, such as goldfish (\"Carassius auratus\"), tend to be stenohaline and die in environments of high salinity such as the ocean. Many marine fish, such as haddock, are also stenohaline and die in water with lower salinity. Alternatively, fish living in coastal estuaries and tide pools are often euryhaline (tolerant to changes in salinity) as are",
"title": "Stenohaline"
},
{
"id": "7808066",
"text": "Man-of-war fish Nomeus gronovii, the man-of-war fish, or bluebottle fish, is a species of fish in the family Nomeidae, the driftfish. It is native to the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, where adults are generally found at depths from . It is notable for its ability to live within the deadly tentacles of a siphonophore, the Portuguese man o' war, upon whose tentacles and gonads it feeds. The fish is striped with blackish-blue blemishes covering its body, and the caudal fin is extremely forked. It can reach a length of . It is of minor importance to commercial fisheries. This",
"title": "Man-of-war fish"
},
{
"id": "2743382",
"text": "Takifugu Takifugu is a genus of pufferfish, often better known by the Japanese name . There are 25 species belonging to the genus \"Takifugu\" and most of these are native to salt and brackish waters of the northwest Pacific, but a few species are found in freshwater of Asia or more widely in the Indo-Pacific region. Their diet consists mostly of algae, molluscs, invertebrates and sometimes crustaceans. The fish defend themselves by inflating their bodies to several times normal size and by poisoning their predators. These defenses allow the fish to actively explore their environment without much fear of being",
"title": "Takifugu"
},
{
"id": "33840",
"text": "origin. Speculation published in tabloid newspapers claimed that the object was a sunken UFO. A consensus of experts and scientists say that the image most likely shows a natural geological formation. The fauna of the Baltic Sea is a mixture of marine and freshwater species. Among marine fishes are Atlantic cod, Atlantic herring, European hake, European plaice, European flounder, shorthorn sculpin and turbot, and examples of freshwater species include European perch, northern pike, whitefish and common roach. Freshwater species may occur at outflows of rivers or streams in all coastal sections of the Baltic Sea. Otherwise marine species dominate in",
"title": "Baltic Sea"
},
{
"id": "5224800",
"text": "sodium and chlorine. Seawater has an average salinity of 35 parts per thousand of water. Actual salinity varies among different marine ecosystems. Marine ecosystems can be divided into many zones depending upon water depth and shoreline features. The oceanic zone is the vast open part of the ocean where animals such as whales, sharks, and tuna live. The benthic zone consists of substrates below water where many invertebrates live. The intertidal zone is the area between high and low tides; in this figure it is termed the littoral zone. Other near-shore (neritic) zones can include estuaries, salt marshes, coral reefs,",
"title": "Aquatic ecosystem"
},
{
"id": "1681453",
"text": "Mahi-mahi The mahi-mahi () or common dolphinfish (\"Coryphaena hippurus\") is a surface-dwelling ray-finned fish found in off-shore temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters worldwide. Also widely called dorado and dolphin, it is one of two members of the family Coryphaenidae, the other being the pompano dolphinfish. The name mahi-mahi comes from the Hawaiian language and means \"very strong\", through the process of reduplication. Though the species is also referred to as the common dolphinfish, the use of \"dolphin\" can be misleading as they are not related to dolphins; see \"Coryphaena\" for the possible etymologies of \"dolphinfish\". In parts of the Pacific",
"title": "Mahi-mahi"
},
{
"id": "10261034",
"text": "Freshwater aquarium A freshwater aquarium is a receptacle that holds one or more freshwater aquatic organisms for decorative, pet-keeping, or research purposes. Modern aquariums are most often made from transparent glass or acrylic glass. Typical inhabitants include fish, plants, amphibians, and invertebrates, such as snails and crustaceans. Freshwater fish may be either coldwater or tropical species. Although freshwater aquariums can be set up as community tanks, coldwater and tropical fish are generally not mixed due to incompatibilities in temperature requirements. Coldwater aquariums house goldfish and other species that do not require a heating apparatus. Warmer temperatures would actually increase their",
"title": "Freshwater aquarium"
},
{
"id": "2564247",
"text": "Coryphaena Coryphaena is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes known as the dolphinfishes. This genus is currently the only known genus in its family. The species in this genus have compressed heads and single dorsal fins that run the entire length of the fishes' bodies. Dolphinfishes are some of the fastest-growing species in the ocean, so serve as a primary food source for many pelagic predators. The dolphinfish can reach up to about . Dolphinfishes are unrelated to dolphins (which are mammals), and commercially their meat is often labeled with its Hawaiian name mahi-mahi to reduce possible public confusion. The",
"title": "Coryphaena"
},
{
"id": "6387772",
"text": "or seawater (a salt level of 30 to 40 PPT), simulating an ocean or sea environment. Even higher salt concentrations are maintained in specialized tanks for raising brine organisms. Several other water characteristics result from dissolved materials in the water and are important to the proper simulation of natural environments. Saltwater is typically alkaline, while the pH of fresh water varies. \"Hardness\" measures overall dissolved mineral content; hard or soft water may be preferred. Hard water is usually alkaline, while soft water is usually neutral to acidic. Dissolved organic content and dissolved gases content are also important factors. Home aquarists",
"title": "Fishkeeping"
},
{
"id": "2174493",
"text": "Halfbeak The halfbeaks, also called spipe fish or spipefish (family Hemiramphidae) are a geographically widespread and numerically abundant family of epipelagic fish inhabiting warm waters around the world. The halfbeaks are named for their distinctive jaws, in which the lower jaws are significantly longer than the upper jaws. The similar viviparous halfbeaks (family Zenarchopteridae) have often been included in this family. Though not commercially important themselves, these forage fish support artisanal fisheries and local markets worldwide. They are also fed upon by other commercially important predatory fishes, such as billfishes, mackerels, and sharks. In 1775, Carl Linnaeus was the first",
"title": "Halfbeak"
},
{
"id": "16973736",
"text": "and are more common in the animal kingdom. Osmoregulators actively control salt concentrations despite the salt concentrations in the environment. An example is freshwater fish. The gills actively uptake salt from the environment by the use of mitochondria-rich cells. Water will diffuse into the fish, so it excretes a very hypotonic (dilute) urine to expel all the excess water. A marine fish has an internal osmotic concentration lower than that of the surrounding seawater, so it tends to lose water and gain salt. It actively excretes salt out from the gills. Most fish are stenohaline, which means they are restricted",
"title": "Fish physiology"
},
{
"id": "566943",
"text": "Tuna A tuna (also called tunny) is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, a subgrouping of the Scombridae (mackerel) family. The Thunnini comprise 15 species across five genera, the sizes of which vary greatly, ranging from the bullet tuna (max. length: , weight: ) up to the Atlantic bluefin tuna (max. length: , weight: ). The bluefin averages , and is believed to live up to 50 years. Tuna, opah, and mackerel sharks are the only species of fish that can maintain a body temperature higher than that of the surrounding water. An active and agile predator,",
"title": "Tuna"
},
{
"id": "2331793",
"text": "feeders. For example, the Atlantic menhaden, a type of herring, lives on plankton caught in midwater. Adult menhaden can filter up to four gallons of water a minute and play an important role in clarifying ocean water. They are also a natural check to the deadly red tide. In addition to these bony fish, four types of cartilaginous fishes are also filter feeders. The whale shark sucks in a mouthful of water, closes its mouth and expels the water through its gills. During the slight delay between closing the mouth and opening the gill flaps, plankton is trapped against the",
"title": "Filter feeder"
},
{
"id": "338595",
"text": "Poeciliidae The Poeciliidae are a family of freshwater fishes of the order Cyprinodontiformes, the tooth-carps, and include well-known live-bearing aquarium fish, such as the guppy, molly, platy, and swordtail. The original distribution of the family was the southeastern United States to north of Río de la Plata, Argentina, and Africa, including Madagascar. However, due to release of aquarium specimens and the widespread use of species of the genera \"Poecilia\" and \"Gambusia\" for mosquito control, poeciliids can today be found in all tropical and subtropical areas of the world. In addition, \"Poecilia\" and \"Gambusia\" specimens have been identified in hot springs",
"title": "Poeciliidae"
},
{
"id": "12822388",
"text": "Hypersaline lake A hypersaline lake is a landlocked body of water that contains significant concentrations of sodium chloride or other salts, with saline levels surpassing that of ocean water (3.5%, i.e. ). Specific microbial and crustacean species thrive in these high salinity environments that are inhospitable to most lifeforms. Some of these species enter a dormant state when desiccated, and some species are thought to survive for over 250 million years. The water of hypersaline lakes has great buoyancy due to a high salt content. The most saline water body in the world is the Don Juan Pond, located in",
"title": "Hypersaline lake"
},
{
"id": "2038919",
"text": "Piranha A piranha or piraña (, , or ; , ), a member of family Characidae in order Characiformes, is a freshwater fish that inhabits South American rivers, floodplains, lakes and reservoirs. Although often described as extremely predatory and mainly feeding on fish, their dietary habits vary extensively and they will also take plant material, leading to their classification as omnivorous. In Venezuela, they are called caribes. They are known for their sharp teeth and powerful jaws. Piranhas belong to the subfamily Serrasalminae, which includes closely related omnivorous fish such as pacus. Traditionally, only the four genera \"Pristobrycon\", \"Pygocentrus\", \"Pygopristis\",",
"title": "Piranha"
},
{
"id": "283992",
"text": "the North Sea trenches and differences in salinity, temperature, and water movement, some fish such as blue-mouth redfish and rabbitfish reside only in small areas of the North Sea. Crustaceans are also commonly found throughout the sea. Norway lobster, deep-water prawns, and brown shrimp are all commercially fished, but other species of lobster, shrimp, oyster, mussels and clams all live in the North Sea. Recently non-indigenous species have become established including the Pacific oyster and Atlantic jackknife clam. The coasts of the North Sea are home to nature reserves including the Ythan Estuary, Fowlsheugh Nature Preserve, and Farne Islands in",
"title": "North Sea"
},
{
"id": "1919181",
"text": "Salt marsh A salt marsh or saltmarsh, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides. It is dominated by dense stands of salt-tolerant plants such as herbs, grasses, or low shrubs. These plants are terrestrial in origin and are essential to the stability of the salt marsh in trapping and binding sediments. Salt marshes play a large role in the aquatic food web and the delivery of nutrients to coastal waters. They",
"title": "Salt marsh"
},
{
"id": "5129497",
"text": "Salvelinus Salvelinus is a genus of salmonid fish often called char or charr; some species are called \"trout\". \"Salvelinus\" is a member of the subfamily Salmoninae within the family Salmonidae. The genus has a northern circumpolar distribution, and most of its members are typically cold-water fish that primarily inhabit fresh waters. Many species also migrate to the sea. Most char may be identified by light-cream, pink, or red spots over a darker body. Scales tend to be small, with 115-200 along the lateral line. The pectoral, pelvic, anal, and the lower aspect of caudal fins are trimmed in snow white",
"title": "Salvelinus"
},
{
"id": "15822221",
"text": "Arctic flounder The Arctic flounder (\"Liopsetta glacialis\"), also known as the Christmas flounder, eelback flounder and Polar plaice, is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives on coastal mud bottoms in salt, brackish and fresh waters at depths of up to . Its native habitat is the polar waters of the northeastern Atlantic and Arctic oceans, from the White and Barents seas to the coasts of Siberia in Russia and Queen Maud Gulf in Canada, and from the Chuckchi and Bering seas to Bristol Bay in Alaska and the northern Sea of Okhotsk. It",
"title": "Arctic flounder"
},
{
"id": "4214842",
"text": "Ambassidae The asiatic glassfishes are a family, Ambassidae, of freshwater and marine fishes which were formerly classified in the order Perciformes, but most authorities consider this order to be paraphyletic and that the Ambassidae are of uncertain affinities, \"incertae sedis\", but within the subseries Ovalentaria. The species in the family are native to Asia, Oceania, the Indian Ocean, and the western Pacific Oceans. The family includes eight genera and about 51 species. The family has also been called Chandidae, and some sources continue to use the name. Because Ambassidae was used first, in 1870, it has precedence over Chandidae, which",
"title": "Ambassidae"
},
{
"id": "13722877",
"text": "fixation, so they are mainly located in sunlit surface waters. Phytoplankton also need and rapidly use nutrients in the water column. The phytoplankton are eaten by zooplankton, which in turn are eaten by predatory zooplankton. Filter feeders then eat the plankton and larger predatory fish eat the filter feeders (see diagram at the right). Most filter-feeding pelagic fish found in coastal waters are small, silvery forage fish. Forage fish include fishes of the family Clupeidae (herrings, shad, sardines and pilchards, hilsa, menhaden and sprats), as well as anchovies, capelin and halfbeaks. They use schooling strategies to avoid predators, and different",
"title": "Coastal fish"
},
{
"id": "2340149",
"text": "the presumed phylogenetic distinctness of the Siphonophora is a major flaw that was corrected only recently. The obsolete classification mentioned above was: A very old classification that is sometimes still seen is: Catalogue of Life uses: Animal Diversity Web uses: Hydrozoa Hydrozoa (hydrozoans, from ancient Greek ὕδρα, \"hydra\", \"sea serpent\" and ζῷον, \"zoon\", \"animal\") are a taxonomic class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most living in salt water. The colonies of the colonial species can be large, and in some cases the specialized individual animals cannot survive outside the colony. A few genera within",
"title": "Hydrozoa"
},
{
"id": "6549193",
"text": "Salangidae Icefishes or noodlefishes are a family, the Salangidae, of osmeriform fish, related to the smelts. They are found in freshwater environments in East and Southeast Asia, although a few species are anadromous (e.g., \"Salangichthys microdon\"), spending most of their lives in coastal waters, and only visiting fresh water to spawn. They have translucent or transparent bodies, and lack any scales. The head is strongly depressed and has numerous teeth. The adults are believed to be neotenic, retaining some larval features. For example, the skeleton is not fully ossified, consisting largely of cartilage. They are small fish, typically around ,",
"title": "Salangidae"
},
{
"id": "3649746",
"text": "Ascidiacea Ascidiacea (commonly known as the ascidians or sea squirts) is a paraphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer \"tunic\" made of the polysaccharide cellulose. Ascidians are found all over the world, usually in shallow water with salinities over 2.5%. While members of the Thaliacea and Larvacea (Appendicularia) swim freely like plankton, sea squirts are sessile animals: they remain firmly attached to their substratum, such as rocks and shells. There are 2,300 species of ascidians and three main types: solitary ascidians, social ascidians that form clumped communities by",
"title": "Ascidiacea"
},
{
"id": "4342848",
"text": "Reedfish The reedfish, ropefish (more commonly used in the United States), or snakefish, \"Erpetoichthys calabaricus\", is a species of freshwater fish in the bichir family and order. It is the only member of the genus Erpetoichthys. It is native to West and Central Africa. The reedfish possesses a pair of lungs in addition to gills, allowing it to survive in very oxygen-poor water. It is threatened by habitat loss through palm oil plantations, other agriculture, deforestation, and urban development. The reedfish reaches a maximum total length of . It has an eel-like, elongated body without a trace of a ventral",
"title": "Reedfish"
},
{
"id": "2687566",
"text": "has been questioned by fish experts, and recent authorities do not recognize it as valid. Many soles are important food species: the common sole, \"Solea solea\", is popular in northern Europe and the Mediterranean. Soleidae The true soles are a family, Soleidae, of flatfishes. It includes saltwater and brackish water species in the East Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and West and Central Pacific Ocean. Freshwater species are found in Africa, southern Asia, New Guinea, and Australia. In the past, soles of the Americas (both fresh and salt water) were included in this family, but they have been separated to their own",
"title": "Soleidae"
},
{
"id": "10723127",
"text": "Freshwater bivalve Freshwater bivalves are one kind of freshwater molluscs, along with freshwater snails. They are bivalves which live in freshwater, as opposed to saltwater, the main habitat type for bivalves. The majority of species of bivalve molluscs live in the sea, but in addition, a number of different families live in freshwater (and in some cases also in brackish water). These families belong to two different evolutionary lineages (freshwater mussels and freshwater clams), and the two groups are not closely related. Freshwater bivalves live in many types of habitat, ranging from small ditches and ponds, to lakes, canals, rivers,",
"title": "Freshwater bivalve"
},
{
"id": "5607299",
"text": "Deep ocean water Deep ocean water (DOW) is the name for cold, salty water found deep below the surface of Earth's oceans. Ocean water differs in temperature and salinity. Warm surface water is generally saltier than the cooler deep or polar waters; in polar regions, the upper layers of ocean water are cold and fresh. Deep ocean water makes up about 90% of the volume of the oceans. Deep ocean water has a very uniform temperature, around 0-3°C, and a salinity of about 3.5% or as oceanographers state as 35 ppt (parts per thousand). In specialized locations such as the",
"title": "Deep ocean water"
},
{
"id": "3500594",
"text": "Salt lake A salt lake or saline lake is a landlocked body of water that has a concentration of salts (typically sodium chloride) and other dissolved minerals significantly higher than most lakes (often defined as at least three grams of salt per litre). In some cases, salt lakes have a higher concentration of salt than sea water; such lakes can also be termed \"hypersaline lakes\". An alkalic salt lake that has a high content of carbonate is sometimes termed a \"soda lake\". Saline lake classification: Salt lakes form when the water flowing into the lake, containing salt or minerals, cannot",
"title": "Salt lake"
},
{
"id": "7555465",
"text": "a North American freshwater fish that lives in rivers damaged by human activity. Introduction of non-native species has occurred in many habitats. One of the best studied examples is the introduction of Nile perch into Lake Victoria in the 1960s. Nile perch gradually exterminated the lake's 500 endemic cichlid species. Some of them survive now in captive breeding programmes, but others are probably extinct. Carp, snakeheads, tilapia, European perch, brown trout, rainbow trout, and sea lampreys are other examples of fish that have caused problems by being introduced into alien environments. Throughout history, humans have utilized fish as a food",
"title": "Fish"
},
{
"id": "3252838",
"text": "Poecilia Poecilia is a genus of fishes in the family Poeciliidae of the order Cyprinodontiformes. These livebearers are native to fresh, brackish and salt water in the Americas, and some species in the genus are euryhaline. A few have adapted to living in waters that contain high levels of toxic hydrogen sulfide () and a population of \"P. mexicana\" lives in caves (other populations of this species are surface-living). Some common and widespread species are often kept as aquarium fish, while other have very small ranges and are seriously threatened. All species in \"Poecilia\" are called mollies except for the",
"title": "Poecilia"
},
{
"id": "8411109",
"text": "Sargassum fish The sargassum fish, anglerfish, or frog fish (\"Histrio histrio\") is a frogfish of the family Antennariidae, the only species in its genus. It lives among \"Sargassum\" seaweed which floats in subtropical oceans. The scientific name comes from the Latin \"histrio\" meaning a stage player or actor, and refers to the fish's feeding behaviour. \"Histrio histrio\", a strange-looking fish, blends well with its surroundings in its seaweed habitat. It is laterally compressed and its length can reach . The colour of the body and the large oral cavity is very variable, but is usually mottled and spotted yellow, green,",
"title": "Sargassum fish"
},
{
"id": "6387767",
"text": "rock, porous calcareous rocks encrusted with coralline algae, sponges, worms, and other small marine organisms. Larger corals, as well as shrimps, crabs, echinoderms, and mollusks are added later on, once the aquarium has matured, as well as a variety of small fish. Such aquaria are sometimes called reef tanks. Brackish water aquaria combine elements of the other types, with salinity that must stay between that of freshwater and seawater. Brackish water fish come from habitats with varying salinity, such as mangroves and estuaries, and do not thrive if kept permanently in freshwater. Although brackish water aquaria are not necessarily familiar",
"title": "Fishkeeping"
},
{
"id": "6268799",
"text": "Coldwater fish Coldwater fish, in the context of aquariums, refers to fish species that prefer colder water temperatures than average tropical fish, typically below . Some examples are koi and goldfish. These species tend to grow more slowly and live longer than fish that live in warmer waters, and are generally felt to be easier to keep. Coldwater fish are fish such as goldfish, koi, and other members of the carp family that are able to survive in cold water temperatures. When kept in a household aquarium, they do not require a heater and are quite comfortable at around 60",
"title": "Coldwater fish"
},
{
"id": "4076470",
"text": "commonly kept marine fish were the percula clownfish, sergeant major damselfish, small, brackish-water pufferfish and scats, jeweled blennies, and blue damsels. Aquariums were equipped with large air compressors, and were heavily aerated and filtered (primarily with undergravel filters, a norm for some time). An ever-growing number of hobbyists experiencing the inconvenience of gathering natural sea water and the concurrent development of analytical chemistry techniques led to research into the chemical composition of sea water. Synthetic salt mixes were developed to replicate the chemical environment of the tropical ocean, including trace elements and salts. This advance made marine fishkeeping popular in",
"title": "Marine aquarium"
},
{
"id": "4732884",
"text": "in water. When dissolved in water it separates into Na and Cl ions, and the solubility is 359 grams per litre. From cold solutions, salt crystallises as the dihydrate NaCl·2HO. Solutions of sodium chloride have very different properties from those of pure water; the freezing point is −21.12 °C (−6.02 °F) for 23.31 wt% of salt, and the boiling point of saturated salt solution is around 108.7 °C (227.7 °F). Salt is essential to the health of humans and other animals, and it is one of the five basic taste sensations. Salt is used in many cuisines around the world,",
"title": "Salt"
}
] | what kind of fish live in salt water |
|
| [
{
"id": "19980194",
"text": "Phonographic Industry, \"Despacito\" was the second best-selling digital single of 2017 worldwide, with 24.3 million sales plus track-equivalent streams. \"Despacito\" became the world's most-streamed song of all-time in July 2017, with 4.6 billion streams between the original and remix version, surpassing Justin Bieber's \"Sorry\". It was streamed 7.5 billion times as of April 2018. In February 2018, the remix version became the first Latin and eight overall song to surpass one billion streams on Spotify. In the United Kingdom, it became the longest-reigning foreign language number-one, surpassing The Manhattan Transfer's three weeks achieved in 1977 with their single \"Chanson D'Amour\".",
"title": "Despacito"
},
{
"id": "19432911",
"text": "year. On October 15, 2016, \"One Dance\" became the most played song ever on streaming media service Spotify, with over one billion individual streams, overtaking the previous record held by Major Lazer and DJ Snake's \"Lean On\". Ed Sheeran's \"Shape of You\" overtook \"One Dance\" as the most streamed song on Spotify on September 21, 2017. \"One Dance\" was the best-performing single worldwide of 2016 and is one of the best-selling singles of all-time. In early 2016, UK funky artist Kyla was first contacted by Drake's production team regarding the use of her 2008 song \"Do You Mind (Crazy Cousinz",
"title": "One Dance"
},
{
"id": "17139241",
"text": "with YouTube\". The first number-one song on the chart was \"Thrift Shop\" by Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring Wanz on January 19, 2013. Source: Source: Streaming Songs The Streaming Songs chart is released weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine and lists each week's top streamed radio songs, on-demand songs and videos on leading online music services in the United States. The chart represents one of the three components, along with airplay (Hot 100 Airplay) and sales (Hot Digital Songs and Hot Singles Sales), that determine the chart positions of songs on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, which ranks the most popular songs in",
"title": "Streaming Songs"
},
{
"id": "12672623",
"text": "including the creation of a new Arabic hub and several playlists, while supporting Right-to-left text in their apps. In October 2015, \"Thinking Out Loud\" by Ed Sheeran became the first song to pass 500 million streams. A month later, Spotify announced that \"Lean On\" by Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ was its most streamed song of all time with over 525 million streams worldwide. In April 2016, Rihanna overtook Justin Bieber to become the biggest artist on Spotify, with 31.3 million monthly active listeners. In May 2016, Rihanna was overtaken by Drake with 3.185 billion total streams. In",
"title": "Spotify"
},
{
"id": "18652438",
"text": "and at number two on the UK Singles Chart. It reached number one in several other countries including Australia, Ireland, the Netherlands, Mexico, New Zealand, Finland, Denmark and Switzerland. In November 2015, \"Lean On\" was named by Spotify as the most streamed song of all time, and has over 1 billion streams globally as of June 2017; however, it was later overtaken by Drake's \"One Dance\" (2016). The accompanying music video for \"Lean On\" was filmed in ND Studios, Karjat (India), Kaul Heritage City, Vasai in Maharashtra (India). The video premiered on March 23, 2015 and has over 2.4 billion",
"title": "Lean On"
},
{
"id": "18698763",
"text": "nominated for Best Hip-Hop Video and Best Collaboration at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, but lost both. On August 27, 2016, the music video surpassed \"Gangnam Style\" as YouTube's most liked video of all time, after \"Gangnam Style\" held the record for almost 4 years. Also, on February 19, 2017, the music video succeeded \"Gangnam Style\" as the most rated YouTube video of all time with over 13.8 million total ratings. It has since been surpassed by \"Despacito\" as the most viewed, liked and rated video on YouTube. Khalifa and Puth performed \"See You Again\" live on \"The Tonight",
"title": "See You Again"
},
{
"id": "13456877",
"text": "Rihanna and then Nicki Minaj, who both turned it down; however Major Lazer later expressed that no one could have done a better job than MØ in the recording. The song reached number 4 on the US Billboard's Hot 100 chart and number 2 in the UK charts. It also became Spotify's most streamed song of all time, receiving universally positive reviews while reaching over 2 billion views on YouTube, making it the twelfth most viewed video on the site. Four promotional singles were released; \"Roll the Bass\" on March 23, 2015, \"Night Riders\", a collaboration with Travi$ Scott, 2",
"title": "Major Lazer"
},
{
"id": "19980210",
"text": "with the music video for his song \"Sorry\" to become the fastest video on the site to reach the milestone. The video became the first on YouTube to receive three billion, four billion, and five billion views on August 4, 2017; October 11, 2017; and April 5, 2018, respectively \"(dates are based on UTC)\". It has received over 5.8 billion views as of December 18, 2018 and has been the most viewed video on the site since August 4, 2017, when it surpassed the music video for \"See You Again\" by Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth. It is also the",
"title": "Despacito"
},
{
"id": "13241678",
"text": "by Vevo because it was not associated with them until four days after its release to YouTube. Both the YouTube and Vevo records were eventually eclipsed by Taylor Swift's \"Look What You Made Me Do\" on August 27, 2017, which gained 43.2 million views in 24 hours. On November 30, 2018, Ariana Grande's \"Thank U, Next\" beat Swift's record, accumulating 55.4 million views in 24 hours, as well as beating BTS' \"Idol\" YouTube record of 45 million views. Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber, and Miley Cyrus have all broken the record twice. List of videos which held the record for most",
"title": "Vevo"
},
{
"id": "19256814",
"text": "song. Its music video on YouTube reached 1 billion views on 26 March 2017, and has received over 2.1 billion views to date, making it the 25th most viewed YouTube video. It is also one of the 10 most liked YouTube videos with over 13.8 million likes. On Spotify, \"Faded\" has over 920 million streams and is one of the 30 most streamed songs. Several female vocalists have performed the song Faded live with Alan Walker. In addition to Iselin Solheim who also is the original singer on the recording, the song has also been performed live with Ingrid Helene",
"title": "Faded (Alan Walker song)"
},
{
"id": "12672624",
"text": "December 2016, Drake's just-under 26 million monthly listeners were overtaken by the Weeknd's 36.068 million. Later that month, Drake's song \"One Dance\" became the first song to hit one billion streams on Spotify. Upon its release in August 2017, the single \"Look What You Made Me Do\" by Taylor Swift earned over eight million streams within 24 hours, breaking the record for the most single-day streams for a track. On June 19, 2018, XXXTentacion's hit single \"Sad!\" broke Swift's single-day streaming record, amassing 10.4 million streams the day after he was fatally shot in Florida. In March 2011, Spotify announced",
"title": "Spotify"
},
{
"id": "2495727",
"text": "100. This was expanded to a broader Streaming Songs chart in January 2013, which ranks web radio streams from services such as Spotify, as well as on-demand audio titles. In February 2013, U.S. views for a song on YouTube were added to the Hot 100 formula. \"Harlem Shake\" was the first song to reach number one after the changes were made. The Hot 100 formula starting 2013 generally incorporates sales (35–45%), airplay (30–40%) and streaming (20–30%), and the precise percentage can change from week to week. A growing trend in the early first decade of the 21st century was to",
"title": "Billboard Hot 100"
},
{
"id": "6756805",
"text": "views per day. According to data published by market research company comScore, YouTube is the dominant provider of online video in the United States, with a market share of around 43% and more than 14 billion views of videos in May 2010. In May 2011, 48 hours of new videos were uploaded to the site every minute, which increased to 60 hours every minute in January 2012, 100 hours every minute in May 2013, 300 hours every minute in November 2014, and 400 hours every minute in February 2017. As of January 2012, the site had 800 million unique users",
"title": "YouTube"
},
{
"id": "19453465",
"text": "Airplay, and the \"Billboard\" Latin Songs chart in the United States, where it spent 41 consecutive weeks at the top and won the Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year. In 2015, \"Lean On\" by American electronic duo Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ peaked at number-one on the chart and was named by Spotify as the most streamed song of all time, with 526 million streams globally. By 2018, Scottish DJ Calvin Harris is the performer with the most number-one singles on the Mexico Airplay chart, with eight chart toppers. Mexico Airplay Mexico Airplay is a record",
"title": "Mexico Airplay"
},
{
"id": "19980155",
"text": "top the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 since \"Macarena\" (Bayside Boys Mix) in 1996, subsequently tying the longest-reigning number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with 16 weeks, as well as becoming the longest-reigning number one on the Hot Latin Songs chart with 56 weeks. It also became the first Latin song to receive a diamond certification by the Recording Industry Association of America. In August 2017, the official music video for \"Despacito\" became the most-viewed YouTube video of all-time after receiving its three billionth view. It became the first video on the site to reach the milestones of three, four, and",
"title": "Despacito"
},
{
"id": "4200296",
"text": "we respect each other. That desire to be the best is what has pushed us to be better.” In 2017, Daddy Yankee, in collaboration with Latin pop singer Luis Fonsi, released the hit single \"Despacito\". It became the first Spanish-language song to hit number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 since \"Macarena\" in 1996. The single gained global success. The official video for \"Despacito\" on YouTube received its billionth view on April 20, 2017 after 97 days, becoming the second-fastest video on the site to reach the milestone behind Adele's \"Hello\". Its success led Daddy Yankee to become the most",
"title": "Daddy Yankee"
},
{
"id": "14208550",
"text": "in which Bieber chases after a girl. As of May 2013, the song has sold 3.9 million digital downloads in the United States. The official music video is the 29th most-viewed video on YouTube and, as of December 2018, the second-most disliked YouTube video. It had been the most-viewed from July 12, 2010, when it surpassed the music video for \"Bad Romance\" by Lady Gaga, until November 24, 2012, when it was surpassed by the music video for \"Gangnam Style\" by Psy. Bieber performed the song several times, including \"Saturday Night Live\", and the ninth season of \"American Idol\". Bieber",
"title": "Baby (Justin Bieber song)"
},
{
"id": "18698755",
"text": "7, 2016, \"See You Again\" has sold a total of 4,122,938 copies in the United States. The song fell out of the top ten on the chart dated August 29, 2015, spending a total of 19 weeks in the top ten. The song holds the record for the most-streamed track in a single day on Spotify in the United States. It set the record for most streams in a single week worldwide during April 6 to April 12 (streamed 21.9 million times), and in the United Kingdom in a single week (streamed 3.72 million times from April 20 to April",
"title": "See You Again"
},
{
"id": "18698748",
"text": "States, until it was surpassed by \"Drag Me Down\". It set the record for most streams in a single week worldwide, and in the United Kingdom also in a single week. The music video was the most viewed video on YouTube from July 10 to August 4, 2017. \"See You Again\" received three nominations at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards: Song of the Year, Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Best Song Written for Visual Media. It was also shortlisted for the Song of the Year for the BBC Music Awards and was nominated for Best Original Song at the 73rd",
"title": "See You Again"
},
{
"id": "18937850",
"text": "2.03 million set by One Direction's \"Drag Me Down\". In its second week, the song descended to number two, however, it broke the country's all-time streaming record, with 3.87 million streams in seven days, later surpassed by Adele's \"Hello\" (which streamed 7.32 million times in November 2015, almost doubling the record). After three weeks since its release, the song remained as the most streamed track in the country and returned to the number one spot for another two weeks. On October 2, the song was knocked off the top spot by Sam Smith's \"Writing's on the Wall\", but a week",
"title": "What Do You Mean?"
},
{
"id": "13067359",
"text": "available for worldwide viewership due to licensing restrictions in certain countries. \"I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)\" was the number one most viewed music video on YouTube in 2009. The video received 82 million views, easily beating out the second and third most viewed videos both by Disney star Miley Cyrus, \"The Climb\" (64 million views) and \"Party In The USA\" (54 million views). The official music video version (without the credits of \"Ultra Music\" at the start) was released onto Pitbull's official Vevo channel on May 25, 2011. It has received over 3 million views even though this",
"title": "I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)"
},
{
"id": "18652445",
"text": "spent 12 non-consecutive weeks in the top-10, becoming one of the few songs during 2015 to spend more than 10 weeks in the top 10 (even above several number-one singles). Elsewhere, in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand, and Norway, \"Lean On\" reached number one. Additionally, the single reached number 3 on the Canadian Hot 100. In November 2015, \"Lean On\" was announced to have overtaken \"Thinking Out Loud\" by Ed Sheeran as the most streamed song of all time on Spotify, with 526 million streams globally. It currently has over 1 billion streams on the site, making it",
"title": "Lean On"
},
{
"id": "13600812",
"text": "surpassed Lady Gaga for having the most followed person on Twitter in January 2013. In early November 2013, Katy Perry surpassed him for having the most followers. As of 2017, Bieber was the second most followed user of Twitter, while his VEVO channel made him the third most subscribed user of YouTube until by 2018 where it became the second most subscribed user of YouTube. The music video for Bieber's song \"Baby\" is the second most disliked on YouTube, receiving over 9.93 million dislikes since its upload in 2010, being only surpassed by the 2018 YouTube Rewind in December 2018.",
"title": "Justin Bieber"
},
{
"id": "20609340",
"text": "and \"The Monster\" featuring Rihanna. \"The Monster\" became Eminem's fifth No.1 single on the Hot 100, tying him with rappers Ludacris and P. Diddy for rappers with the most No.1 singles in the USA. In May 2014, Eminem was announced as the most streamed artist of all time on Spotify. As of November 2010, Eminem has four songs that have sold over three million downloads in the United States. Eminem has sold more than 42 million track downloads in the United States alone. Eminem singles discography American rapper Eminem has released fifty-one singles as a lead artist and five promotional",
"title": "Eminem singles discography"
},
{
"id": "2627105",
"text": "only hoped to pay homage and honor to the brilliance of one of the greatest songwriters of all time. Your compliment means the world to me/us and we are eternally grateful.\" As of September 2017, the single had sold over 1.5 million digital downloads and had been streamed over 54 million times, estimated Nielsen Music. The music video has over 453 million views on YouTube, while the live performance on \"Conan\" has over 85 million, making it the most watched YouTube video from the show. On September 27, 2016, the Disturbed version of \"The Sound of Silence\" was released as",
"title": "The Sound of Silence"
},
{
"id": "15218084",
"text": "\"Grey's Anatomy\" (season 13 episode 8). \"Drag Me Down\" sold 349,000 digital copies in the United States and had 17.7 million streams worldwide in its first week of release. It broke the record on Spotify for most streamed track in one day, earning 4.75 million global streams (it has since been surpassed by Ed Sheeran's \"Shape of You\" and \"Castle on the Hill\" both receiving over 6.18 million global streams). The song also debuted at number three on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, the second-highest debut of the year, with 349,000 downloads sold in its first week (making it the group's",
"title": "Drag Me Down"
},
{
"id": "17139240",
"text": "Streaming Songs The Streaming Songs chart is released weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine and lists each week's top streamed radio songs, on-demand songs and videos on leading online music services in the United States. The chart represents one of the three components, along with airplay (Hot 100 Airplay) and sales (Hot Digital Songs and Hot Singles Sales), that determine the chart positions of songs on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, which ranks the most popular songs in the United States. \"Billboard\" editorial director Bill Werde said that \"Harlem Shake\"'s success prompted them to enact the chart policy after two years of discussions",
"title": "Streaming Songs"
},
{
"id": "4907166",
"text": "album on June 1, 2015. On November 11, 2015, \"Lean On\" became Spotify's Most Streamed Song of All Time with over 800 million streams to date. Along with the streaming title, the official video for \"Lean On\" became one of the most viewed videos on YouTube. It currently has more than 2 billion views. Along with the streaming and viewing milestones, \"Lean On\" would also go on to achieve double platinum status. On July 22, 2016, the group released the single \"Cold Water\", a collaboration with Canadian artist Justin Bieber and Danish singer MØ. The track has already reached over",
"title": "Diplo"
},
{
"id": "18249534",
"text": "researchers concluded the origin of the viral spread after analyzing data in Twitter and verifying the spreading pattern through Google Trends. The video has held five records in YouTube history - most viewed video (held for 1,689 days; surpassed on July 10, 2017 by Wiz Khalifa's \"See You Again\"), most rated video (surpassed on February 19, 2017 by \"See You Again\"), most discussed video (current), most liked video (held for 1,444 days; surpassed on August 27, 2016 by \"See You Again\"), and fastest video to reach 1 billion views (surpassed on January 18, 2016 by Adele's \"Hello\") № 1 Most",
"title": "Gangnam Style (music video)"
},
{
"id": "19418558",
"text": "and let go, without even finding out her name.\" The music video was viewed over 53 million times on YouTube after three weeks, for which \"Billboard\"s Suzette Fernandez predicted that Jam will have a prosperous award season in 2017. As of November 2018, the song's music video has over 1.3 billion views on YouTube, taking it into the top 80 most viewed YouTube videos. \"Hasta el Amanecer\" peaked at number one on the Hot Latin Songs chart on the issue dated March 9, 2016. The song displaced Colombian reggaeton singer J Balvin's 22-week record \"Ginza\" from the top of the",
"title": "Hasta el Amanecer"
},
{
"id": "14012989",
"text": "Bit My Finger\" was the thirteenth most viewed viral video on the Internet. In 2011, it was surpassed by music videos Justin Bieber's \"Baby\", Lady Gaga's \"Bad Romance\", Eminem feat. Rihanna's \"Love the Way You Lie\", Shakira's \"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)\" and Jennifer Lopez feat. Pitbull's \"On The Floor\", becoming the 6th most viewed video on YouTube. Despite being able to regain its position to number 3 (and becoming the third YouTube video to reach 800 million views), it has been since surpassed by many other videos, dropping out of 100 most viewed YouTube videos. As of August",
"title": "Charlie Bit My Finger"
},
{
"id": "19980187",
"text": "a \"Billboard\" recurrent rule that removes titles that rank below number 25 after that amount of weeks. It also became the longest-reigning number-one on the US Digital Songs and Streaming Songs charts with 17 and 16 weeks, respectively. \"Despacito\" was the best-selling and most-streamed single of 2017 in the United States, with 2,692,000 downloads sold and 1,322,799,000 video and audio streams, adding up a combined total of 6,663,000 sales plus track-equivalent audio streams. It was also the sixth most-played song of 2017, with 608,000 spins across US radio stations and an audience of 3,076,935,000. It was the second best-performing song",
"title": "Despacito"
},
{
"id": "20315180",
"text": "YouTube, it attained the most views in its first 24 hours of release, more than any other music video on the site, later surpassed by the K-pop band BTS with \"Idol\" in August 2018. On August 23, 2017, Swift announced that the first single from her upcoming sixth album, titled \"Reputation\", would come out the following night. The song was released to streaming services on August 24, and earned over eight million streams within twenty-four hours of its Spotify release, breaking the record for the highest first-day streaming for a single track. The record was surpassed in 2018 by Drake's",
"title": "Look What You Made Me Do"
},
{
"id": "13112783",
"text": "shows music videos and film trailers. By July 2013, it had crossed 100 crore (1 billion) views, becoming the second Indian YouTube channel to cross the milestone after Rajshri Productions. In February 2017, T-Series surpassed PewDiePie to become the world's most-viewed YouTube channel. As of 19 December 2018 it has 5,600 crore (56 billion) views. The YouTube channel has reached 7.5 crore (75 million) subscribers, making it the second most-subscribed YouTube channel after PewDiePie. Currently, it is the most subscribed Asian and non-English-language YouTube channel. Reaching 5 crore (50 million) subscribers, the channel received a Custom Play Button on September",
"title": "T-Series (company)"
},
{
"id": "19256917",
"text": "vocal version of \"Fade\". It was released on 8 December and featured uncredited Naustdal pop singer Iselin Solheim. The single topped the year-end charts in Austria, Germany, Switzerland and Sweden, iTunes charts in 32 countries, as well as entering top 10 in Spotify Global Chart. The music video on YouTube has over 2 billion views and 13 million likes, placing it among the top 10 most liked YouTube videos. It has over 780 million plays on Spotify, and is also one of the Top 10 Most Shazamed tracks of 2016. The single also received official remixes from Tiësto, Dash Berlin",
"title": "Alan Walker (music producer)"
},
{
"id": "19608241",
"text": "views on YouTube, and as of November 2018 has received over 1.4 billion views, making it one of the 60 most viewed YouTube videos. It later became Grande's most viewed video, surpassing \"Problem\". The music video has since received a nomination at the 2017 MTV Video Music Awards for Best Choreography. Grande performed \"Side to Side\" for the first time in \"Vevo Presents\" show in May 2016. Later, she performed at the 2016 MTV Video Music Awards with Minaj. Stationary bicycles and a pommel horse were featured as props in the performance. Grande also performed the song on \"The Tonight",
"title": "Side to Side"
},
{
"id": "10754220",
"text": "it became a major international hit, and was the best-selling single of 2008 worldwide. The single has reached number one in 35 countries, including Japan, Germany and the United States, making it only the second song in history to achieve this feat, Elton John's \"Candle in the Wind 1997\" being the first. The video first aired on 17 October 2007, and was uploaded to YouTube on the same day, on which it now has over 161 million views. \"Bleeding Love\" has sold more than one million copies in the United Kingdom, and over 4 million digital downloads in the U.S.,",
"title": "Bleeding Love"
},
{
"id": "11148992",
"text": "launching YouTube Comedy Week and the YouTube Music Awards. Both events were met with negative to mixed reception. In November 2013, YouTube's own YouTube channel had surpassed Felix Kjellberg's PewDiePie channel to become the most subscribed channel on the website. This was due to auto-suggesting new users to subscribe to the channel upon registration. On April 3, 2018, a shooting took place at YouTube headquarters. On June 19, 2007, Google CEO Eric Schmidt was in Paris to launch the new localization system. The interface of the website is available with localized versions in 89 countries, one territory (Hong Kong) and",
"title": "History of YouTube"
},
{
"id": "18698747",
"text": "You Again\" was released on March 10, 2015, as the soundtrack's lead single in the United States. \"See You Again\" became both Khalifa's and Puth's biggest single to date. It spent 12 non-consecutive weeks atop the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, tying Eminem's \"Lose Yourself\" for the longest-running rap number-one single in the country, and topped the UK Singles Chart for two consecutive weeks. It also reached number one in several other countries including Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand and Switzerland. The song held the record for the most-streamed track in a single day on Spotify in the United",
"title": "See You Again"
},
{
"id": "18698761",
"text": "After the camera pans up into the sky, the screen turns white, the words \"For Paul\" appear on screen and the video ends. The video was the most viewed video on YouTube from July 10, 2017, when it surpassed \"Gangnam Style\" by Psy, to August 4 of that year, when it was surpassed by \"Despacito\" by Luis Fonsi featuring Daddy Yankee. It reached 2 billion views on September 3, 2016, doing so in 515 days. It reached 3 billion views on August 6, 2017 and is the third fastest video to accomplish the feat, doing so in 853 days. As",
"title": "See You Again"
},
{
"id": "5079817",
"text": "Rogers' singles \"Scarlet Fever\" reached #5. In Australia the song was number one for one week in December 1983 and became one of the highest selling singles of 1984. The song reached a peak of No. 7 in the UK singles chart in 1983. Since then it has also sold 245,577 digital copies in the UK as of July 2014. As of 2017 it has racked up 287,200 downloads and 4.83 million streams in the UK. The song was featured in a late 1983 episode of the US daytime soap opera \"Days Of Our Lives\" as well as 1984 episodes",
"title": "Islands in the Stream (song)"
},
{
"id": "18358759",
"text": "Feel My Face\". It was later named \"Billboard\"s Song of the Summer. Much of the song's rise to prominence was attributed to its performance on streaming services. On Spotify, the song attracted over 870 million plays (as of August 2018). Outside of national charts, it peaked at number one on the iTunes Store in over 55 markets. \"Cheerleader\" was the most streamed song of 2015 in the UK, racking up 71.7 million streams throughout the year. While Chris Molanphy of \"Slate\" found the song's lyrics \"laughably retrograde\", he praised the chorus as \"universally relatable and cross-culturally memorable.\" Nick Messitte, a",
"title": "Cheerleader (song)"
},
{
"id": "2056092",
"text": "Gente De Zona. \"Bailando\" got him 3 Latin Grammys four years after his album, \"Euphoria\" received a nomination. \"Bailando\" helped him match Shakira's previous record on Billboard's Hot Latin Songs chart. \"Bailando\" spent 41 weeks at No. 1 on that chart. \"Bailando\" was also YouTube's second most watched music video of 2014, behind Katy Perry's hit single, \"Dark Horse\". \"Bailando\" currently has over 2.4 billion views. \"Bailando\" was included on the \"Just Dance 2015\" soundtrack. \"Sex and Love\" was Spotify's 7th most-streamed album worldwide in 2014, and \"Bailando\" was the most-streamed song in both Mexico and Spain. Iglesias was also",
"title": "Enrique Iglesias"
},
{
"id": "20315199",
"text": "of its release. A 20-second music video teaser was released on \"Good Morning America\" on August 25. The song's music video premiered on August 27, 2017 at the 2017 MTV Video Music Awards. The video broke the record for most-watched video within 24 hours by achieving 43.2 million views on YouTube in its first day. This record was surpassed by Korean group BTS with their music video for \"Idol in August 2018. It topped the 27.7 million Vevo views Adele's \"Hello\" attracted in that timeframe (only to be surpassed by Ariana Grande's \"Thank U, Next\"), as well as the 36",
"title": "Look What You Made Me Do"
},
{
"id": "20220814",
"text": "in the album. The music video of the song was officially released three weeks after the film's release through the YouTube channel of T-Series Telugu. The video of the song has received more than 102 million views on YouTube as of March 12, 2018. The song was released in Tamil as \"Bale Bale Bale\" on 9 April 2017, in Hindi as \"Jiyo Re Baahubali on 5 April 2017\" and in Malayalam as \"Bali Bali Baahubali\" on 24 April 2017. On 1 December 2017, Google announced the most streamed list and Saahore Baahubali topped the list of most streamed Indian songs.",
"title": "Saahore Baahubali"
},
{
"id": "17217883",
"text": "word was later revealed to be \"father\". As of November 2018, the video has been viewed more than 1.2 billion times. It held the YouTube record for most views in its first 24 hours, and most views in any 24 hours for over four years until August 28, 2017 when Taylor Swift's \"Look What You Made Me Do\" garnered more views. It currently holds the record for fastest music video to reach 100 million views. Other records previously held were the fastest overall video to reach 200 million views (until September 2017), and 300 million views (until November 2015). The",
"title": "Gentleman (Psy song)"
},
{
"id": "13503255",
"text": "released on May 19, 2010, and his third album, \"Forever and Ever\" was released on October 25, 2011. As of August 14th, 2017, David Choi's YouTube Channel had 989,981 subscribers, 117,774,875 total video views, and more than 13 million channel views. As of November 2011, he was YouTube's 15th-most-subscribed musician and 62nd-most-subscribed user overall. As of February 3, 2015, he has 138,238 followers on Twitter account. David previously worked as a songwriter and producer at Warner/Chappell Music, which signed him on after his participation in an American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) workshop. His humorous song \"YouTube, A",
"title": "David Choi"
},
{
"id": "19805639",
"text": "breaking the previous 21 days record, and becoming the fastest Spanish video ever to do so. On 19 December 2016, the song became the seventh-fastest music video to reach 200 million views, doing so in just 31 days. In the first few months of its release, the video spent seven weeks receiving the most views over a 24-hourly basis on YouTube. As of July 2018, the video has over 2.2 billion views on YouTube, making it the 18th most viewed YouTube video. It was also the second-most viewed video on Vevo in 2017, after \"Despacito\". On 7 April 2017, it",
"title": "Chantaje"
},
{
"id": "20169864",
"text": "chart, more than any other song on the chart that year, or in the chart's history, dating back to its beginning in 1981. The song had accumulated over 73,000 downloads as of September 2014. Outside of the traditional music charts, \"Billboard\" magazine also specifically noted its strong performance on music streaming websites. The song was an especially successful song on Youtube, with the track receiving 285.4 million views between September 2014 and November 2016. For context, \"Billboard\" noted that the most viewed videos of two other extremely popular modern rock bands, \"Uprising\" by Muse and \"The Pretender\" by the Foo",
"title": "My Demons"
},
{
"id": "19980181",
"text": "August 2018, referring to the track as a \"classic.\" \"Despacito\" was inducted to the 2019 edition of the Guinness World Records for achieving seven milestones: most weeks at number one on \"Billboard\"s Hot Latin Songs chart, most-viewed and most-liked video online, most-viewed music video online, most-viewed music video on YouTube for a duet, first YouTube video to receive five billion views, and most-streamed song worldwide. In July 2017, officials from the Government of Malaysia reported that \"Despacito\" was being banned from airing on government-owned broadcast stations as a result of public complaints. Government ministers said that the song was considered",
"title": "Despacito"
},
{
"id": "19980195",
"text": "It is also the 30th best-selling single in the country with 1,900,599 combined sales (566,425 digital sales and 1,334,174 streaming-equivalent sales) as of September 19, 2017. It also became the song with most weeks at number one in Switzerland and Germany. It is the third and eighth best-performing single of all-time in Switzerland and Sweden, respectively. The success of the song and its remix version led Daddy Yankee to become the most listened-to artist worldwide on the streaming service Spotify on July 9, 2017, being the first Latin artist to do so. He later became the fifth most listened-to male",
"title": "Despacito"
},
{
"id": "20013817",
"text": "Singapore show on March 31, 2017. It was performed again at the \"One Love Manchester\" benefit concert for the victims of the Manchester Arena bombing on June 4, 2017. The lyric video was also released on February 22, 2017, on the Chainsmokers' Vevo channel. It has received over 1.4 billion views and is the 56th most viewed video on YouTube. It was directed by James Zwadlo. The song is written in the key of B minor and has a tempo of 103 beats per minute in common time. It follows a chord progression of G–A–Bm–A, and the vocals span two",
"title": "Something Just like This"
},
{
"id": "19930556",
"text": "was also Australia's highest selling song of 2017 with 630,000 copies sold by the end of the year. The song is the first ever number one single of the Philippine Hot 100 upon the chart's inception on 12 June 2017. It stayed at the peak position for 4 consecutive weeks before it was dethroned by \"Despacito\" by Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber. Worldwide, the song reached one billion streams on Spotify in June 2017. It became the most streamed song on Spotify in September 2017, reaching 1,318,420,396 streams overtaking Drake's \"One Dance\". In August 2018, \"Billboard\" published",
"title": "Shape of You"
},
{
"id": "8066859",
"text": "Platinum status (8,000,000 units sold) in the US. It has peaked at Number 1 in 18 countries including the Australian ARIA Singles Chart, the Belgian Singles Chart, the Dutch Megacharts, the German Media Control Chart, the Official UK Top 40 and the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Somebody That I Used To Know\" has been the Number 1 single on iTunes in 46 countries. On 5 July 2011, Gotye released a film clip for the song \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" on YouTube and Vimeo. Directed by Natasha Pincus, the video has now been viewed over 1.1 billion times ().",
"title": "Gotye"
},
{
"id": "19930541",
"text": "Mac. \"Shape of You\" peaked at number-one on the singles charts of 34 countries, including the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (later becoming the best performing song of 2017), as well as the UK, Australian and Canadian singles charts. It has stayed at number one for a record-tying 16 consecutive weeks on the Canadian Hot 100, as well as 14 non-consecutive weeks on the UK Singles Chart, and 12 non-consecutive weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. On 21 September 2017 it became the most streamed song on Spotify, with over 1.32 billion streams. It was the best-selling song of 2017 in",
"title": "Shape of You"
},
{
"id": "4200266",
"text": "site to reach the milestone behind Adele's \"Hello\", and becoming the most watched video in YouTube's history. Its success led Daddy Yankee to become the most listened artist worldwide on the streaming service Spotify in June 2017, being the first Latin artist to do so. Daddy Yankee has received various awards and nominations throughout his career. As of 2017, he has won 82 awards from 270 nominations since his rise to international fame in 2004. He has won 5 Latin Grammy Awards, 2 Billboard Music Awards, 14 Billboard Latin Music Awards, 2 Latin American Music Awards, 8 Lo Nuestro Awards,",
"title": "Daddy Yankee"
},
{
"id": "18497086",
"text": "100 million views on YouTube within 5 days. It is the second-fastest video to hit 100 million YouTube views ever and the fastest to reach 100 million on Vevo previously held by \"Wrecking Ball\" by Miley Cyrus back in 2013. 87 days after its release \"Hello\" had received a billion YouTube views, beating Psy's \"Gangnam Style\", which had accumulated the same number of views over 158 days. The song reached number one in the UK Singles Chart on 30 October, with a combined first week sales of 330,000 copies. The figure was the largest opening week sales for a single",
"title": "25 (Adele album)"
},
{
"id": "8529482",
"text": "on the track \"La Bicicleta.\" On 28 October 2016, Shakira released the single \"Chantaje\" with Colombian singer Maluma; though the song was a track from Shakira's upcoming eleventh studio album, it was not intended to be the lead single. The song became Shakira's most-viewed YouTube video, with over 2.1 billion views as of 1 June 2018. On 7 April 2017, Shakira released the song \"Me Enamoré\" as the second official single taken from her eleventh studio album \"El Dorado,\" which was released on 26 May 2017. Shakira also released the song \"Perro Fiel\" as a promotional single for the album",
"title": "Shakira"
},
{
"id": "16794437",
"text": "Gangnam Style in popular culture \"Gangnam Style\" is a single released by South Korean rapper Psy on July 15, 2012. It has achieved widespread international recognition and became the most viewed YouTube video, becoming the first one to gain a billion views on December 21, 2012. \"Gangnam Style\"'s unprecedented worldwide popularity was acknowledged by YouTube, who called it a \"massive\" hit at a global level \"unlike anything we've ever seen before\" while \"Billboard\" noted that \"Gangnam Style\" was nothing short of a pop culture phenomenon. As a result, it has influenced worldwide popular culture in many aspects. The earliest \"Gangnam",
"title": "Gangnam Style in popular culture"
},
{
"id": "13513723",
"text": "100 Channels of All Time list, and in 2015, Miranda was listed as the 7th \"most popular YouTube personality\" by \"Daily American\". Miranda was ranked No. 5 on \"Forbes\" magazine's 2017 list of top entertainment influencers. The most popular Miranda video, a parody cover of Taylor Swift's \"Shake It Off\", received more than 55 million views on YouTube before the video site removed it. Six more of her videos have surpassed 20 million views, more than 25 of her videos have received over 10 million views, over 90 of her videos have received more than 5 million views, and more",
"title": "Miranda Sings"
},
{
"id": "14822821",
"text": "\"Bed Intruder Song\" went viral, becoming YouTube's most popular video of 2010. As of November 2017, it has been viewed over 138,012,173 times and has received 949,317 likes since it was uploaded on July 30, 2010. On March 26, 2011, the song won the Comedy Award for Best Viral Original. The song is based on a recording from a WAFF-48 news report about an attempted rape in Huntsville, Alabama. A video of the news report was first posted to the WAFF-48 TV station website on July 29, 2010 and then copied and uploaded to YouTube on the same day. Just",
"title": "Bed Intruder Song"
},
{
"id": "9532687",
"text": "rapper Lil Mama, was released. Lavigne performed the song a number of times, including at the 2007 MuchMusic Video Awards, the 2007 Teen Choice Awards, and the 2008 Juno Awards. The song's success made it a mainstay of pop music in the late 2000s. \"Girlfriend\" was certified multi-platinum in Australia and the United States. It was among the top-selling songs of 2007, with over 7.3 million worldwide sales. In 2008, the song became the most viewed video on YouTube, and was the first video on the site to reach 100 million views. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked the song number thirty-five on",
"title": "Girlfriend (Avril Lavigne song)"
},
{
"id": "19924802",
"text": "tracks of the album achieved a total of 56.73 million streams on Spotify in a single day, breaking the previous record of 29 million for \"Starboy\" by The Weeknd in November 2016. In total, all tracks by Sheeran were streamed 68.7 million times that day, with the single \"Shape of You\" receiving 10.12 million streams, both also breaking previous records on Spotify. Both records were broken by Drake's \"More Life\" 16 days later. By its second day of release, the videos of songs from the album had achieved a cumulative one billion views on YouTube, including figures from \"Shape of",
"title": "÷ (album)"
},
{
"id": "16861045",
"text": "times throughout his 12-year career, according to \"Billboard\". In July 2012, PSY released his 6th album \"Psy 6 (Six Rules), Part 1\" and the song \"Gangnam Style\" appeared in broadcasting networks and newspapers outside Asia. On August 14, \"Gangnam Style\" ranked first on YouTube's 'Most Viewed Videos' monthly chart; it has received over 2 billion on YouTube (the first to reach this mark and currently is one of the most viewed videos in YouTube's history). His single, \"Gentleman\", was released on April 12, 2013 in 119 countries. Psy discography This is the discography of the South Korean idol Psy. He",
"title": "Psy discography"
},
{
"id": "17769360",
"text": "Pop Songs, Dance Club Songs, Hot Dance/Electric Songs and Adult Top 40 charts. It peaked at 4 on the Billboard Hot 100. In June, \"Time Magazine\" named it one of the \"Best Songs of 2015 So Far\" In September 2015, \"Lean On\" was named Spotify's global song of the summer. In November 2015, the song surpassed 526 million Spotify plays, making it the service's most streamed song ever. The video for \"Lean On\" was released in March 2015. It was shot in India and directed by Tim Erem. \"Amplify\" magazine named \"Lean On\" one of \"The Best Videos of 2015\".",
"title": "DJ Snake"
},
{
"id": "8529438",
"text": "of all time with 10 million downloads. With over 2 billion views, it is one of the most viewed music videos on YouTube. She has four of the twenty top-selling hits of the 2000s, more than any other artist. Shakira served as a coach on the fourth and sixth seasons of the American version of \"The Voice\" in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Her tenth album, \"Shakira\" (2014), was preceded by its lead single, \"Can't Remember to Forget You\". Her eleventh album \"El Dorado\" is one of the most streamed albums of all time with over 7 billion streams on YouTube",
"title": "Shakira"
},
{
"id": "5503807",
"text": "2017’, and a Grammy in 2018, broke chart history staying in the Top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 for 33 weeks, topped the UK No.1 chart for 14 weeks, and was the most-streamed song of all time on Spotify. At the 35th Annual ASCAP Pop Music Awards 2018 in Los Angeles, Steve Mac won Songwriter of the Year and Song of the Year for Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, plus awards for Rockabye by Clean Bandit feat Anne-Marie & Sean Paul; What About Us by Pink and Strip That Down by Liam Payne. Including Clean Bandit’s single Rockabye,",
"title": "Steve Mac"
},
{
"id": "15329803",
"text": "with sales of 9.7 million copies. It is the third best-selling digital song in US history. \"Party Rock Anthem\" is currently ranked \"Billboard\" fifth most successful song of all time. It is currently one of the 50 most viewed videos on YouTube, with over 1.5 billion views. \"Party Rock Anthem\" is a mostly electronic composition. After being featured in the 2012 film \"21 Jump Street,\" the film won the MTV Movie Award for Best Music. The song also won the \"Favorite Song\" award at the 2012 Kids' Choice Awards. \"Party Rock Anthem\" is composed in the key of F minor",
"title": "Party Rock Anthem"
},
{
"id": "18169198",
"text": "music video for most of September and October 2014, and was the ninth most-viewed music video on the website for 2014. It was Vevo's second most streamed music video of the year, behind Iggy Azalea's \"Fancy\". As of December 2018, the video is the nineteenth most viewed YouTube video of all time with over 2.2 billion views. The music video garnered generally favorable reviews from music critics. Yahoo! writer Paul Grein opined that the clip was the leading candidate to win Best Song with a Social Message at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards. \"Cosmopolitan\" editor Joanna Coles stated that",
"title": "All About That Bass"
},
{
"id": "18132276",
"text": "but not a list of a \"carefully curated journey to unconsciousness\". In October 2015, \"Thinking Out Loud\" set the record of most streams of a song on Spotify, having accumulated over 500 million streams. The company created the \"Sheerio Index\", an interactive graphic map which showed where Sheeran was most popular. The color-based map indicated that Sheeran was most popular in Denmark. It was surpassed a month later by \"Lean On\", a song by Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ. Emil Nava directed the video accompaniment to the single. Most of it was filmed in the Crystal Ballroom at",
"title": "Thinking Out Loud"
},
{
"id": "20212162",
"text": "Me Rehúso \"Me Rehúso\" is a song by Venezuelan singer Danny Ocean. The song was released on 16 September 2016, and was re-released on 16 June 2017 through Atlantic Records, due to its late success in Latin America, Europe and the United States. The success of the song made Danny Ocean a pioneering independent artist to position himself in all the Latin music charts of the platform Spotify. , the song's music video, which was released on August 24, 2017, has received over 1.2 billion views on YouTube, making it one of the 90 most viewed videos on the site.",
"title": "Me Rehúso"
},
{
"id": "16682894",
"text": "Gangnam Style \"Gangnam Style\" (, ) is the 18th K-pop single by the South Korean musician Psy. The song was released on July 15, 2012, as the lead single of his sixth studio album \"Psy 6 (Six Rules), Part 1\", and debuted at number one on South Korea's Gaon Chart. On December 21, 2012, \"Gangnam Style\" became the first YouTube video to reach one billion views. The song's music video has been viewed over 3.2 billion times on YouTube, and was the most viewed video on YouTube from November 24, 2012, when it surpassed the music video for \"Baby\" by",
"title": "Gangnam Style"
},
{
"id": "7157380",
"text": "electro track). Other notable replays have included: \"People Hold On\", \"Blue Monday\", \"Love to Love You Baby\", \"Love Sensation\", and \"One More Time\". In 2009, Summers replayed \"Street Player\" (originally by Chicago) for the U.S. \"Billboard\" #2 hit \"I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)\" by Pitbull. The Scorccio replay of \"Street Player\" has since become the most successful usage of any sample replay in history, due to the number of sales and media plays of the Pitbull song worldwide. With over 400 million hits to date on YouTube, the song is now ranked as the third most viewed electronic",
"title": "Mark Summers"
},
{
"id": "16793281",
"text": "dominated the charts, the first single “Hotel Room Service” made it to No. 8 and the international smash hit “I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)” peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100. “I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)” achieved sales of more than 1.6 million digital singles and was the most watched music video on YouTube in 2009 with over 82 million views. Recently in 2009, Pitbull won the first ever “Latin Digital Download Artist of the Year” award at the Billboard Latin Music Awards. Source: Rebelution Tour The Rebelution Tour is the First world concert",
"title": "Rebelution Tour"
},
{
"id": "13818855",
"text": "studio album. In early 2015, Goulding released the song \"Love Me like You Do\", which was featured in the soundtrack to the film adaptation of the erotic romance novel \"Fifty Shades of Grey\". The video was released to YouTube on 22 January, to precede an official release date of 15 February. The single has been a commercial success, spending four weeks at number one on the UK Singles Chart, topping the charts in many other nations including Australia, New Zealand, and Germany, and reaching number three on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The single held the record for the most-streamed",
"title": "Ellie Goulding"
},
{
"id": "15601807",
"text": "of them stuck behind Maroon 5's \"Moves Like Jagger\" and Adele's \"Someone like You\" occupying the two spots above. It has been certified 5× platinum in Canada and Australia, 4× platinum in the United States, and gold in Germany. The song ranked as the sixth-best-selling digital song of 2011 in the United States with 3.84 million copies sold, while it ranked as music streaming service Spotify's most streamed song of the year. The song has sold 5,173,000 copies in the United States as of August 2013. The music video, directed by Josef Geiger, features the band playing a show. There",
"title": "Pumped Up Kicks"
},
{
"id": "20090376",
"text": "\"XO Tour Llif3\" entered the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 top 10 for the chart issued April 4, 2017 at number 49 and peaked at number 7 in May 2017. Spotify recognized the song as one of the most streamed tracks of the summer of 2017 in the US. By September 2017, the song had generated 1.3 billion streams across all streaming platforms, generating $4.5 million with Lil Uzi Vert only earning $900,000. Lil Uzi Vert made an estimated $0.00069231 per play. On March 13, 2017, an animated music video for \"XO Tour Llif3\" was released on Lil Uzi Vert's YouTube channel.",
"title": "XO Tour Llif3"
},
{
"id": "17407130",
"text": "with the music video for \"Idol\". An alternative version of the track, this time featuring Nicki Minaj, was released digitally on the same date, with a music video premiering on September 6. The music video broke the record for the most viewed video in its first 24 hours on YouTube with over 45 million views, breaking the record previously set by Taylor Swift with \"Look What You Made Me Do\" collected 43.2 million views. In the beginning of December 2018, the record was surpassed once again by Ariana Grande, after her video \"Thank U, Next\" garnered 55.4 million views in",
"title": "BTS (band)"
},
{
"id": "20298536",
"text": "Trap Nation Trap Nation is an American YouTube music promotion channel based in Los Angeles that showcases Future bass, Chill, and electronic dance music. Trap Nation serves as the flagship channel in The Nations network, which includes channels Chill Nation, Bass Nation, Rap Nation, Indie Nation, R&B Nation, and House Nation. As of November 2018, The Nations are the largest music channel network on YouTube with over 38.1 million subscribers collectively. The flagship channel, Trap Nation, is currently the 32nd most-subscribed channel on YouTube. Trap Nation was founded in September 2012 by Andre Willem Benz when he was 15 years",
"title": "Trap Nation"
},
{
"id": "13112777",
"text": "videos as well as film trailers, is the most-viewed YouTube channel, with 5,530 crore (53 billion) views as of 6 November 2018. With 7.5 crore (75 million) subscribers as of 11 December 2018, it also ranks as the second most-subscribed channel behind PewDiePie. In addition, T-Series has a multi-channel network, with 29 channels that have more than 13.5 crore (135 million) YouTube subscribers as of November 2018 and 6,150 crore (61.5 billion) views as of August 2018. The T-Series DailyMotion channel as of 11 December 2018 is the most-followed DailyMotion channel with 87 thousand followers. With 26.9 crore (269 million)",
"title": "T-Series (company)"
},
{
"id": "20082713",
"text": "released his first original song, \"Maybe,\" in December 2014. The video has been viewed over 4.6 million times on YouTube as of this writing. His next original single was \"LoveSick Day,\" followed in May 2015 by \"All I Want\" feat. Cameron Dallas, which debuted on iHeartRADIO and charted on iTunes in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Spain, Australia and Brazil, reaching #34 on its U.S. chart debut on May 4. The \"All I Want\" video was viewed more than 22 million times on YouTube, while the song received over 14 million streams on Spotify. In 2015 he toured extensively,",
"title": "Daniel Skye"
},
{
"id": "10917271",
"text": "music videos by himself. , it has obtained over 40,000 subscribers and over 8 million video views. \"The Mean Kitty Song\" or \"Hey Little Sparta,\" based on his cat with the same name, is Williams' most popular video. , it has attracted over 88 million views. In one year, it became the top 21 of YouTube's list of all-time favorite videos, number 1 all-time most discussed Pets & Animals video, and number 4 all-time most viewed Pets & Animals video, and is the No. 1 all-time favorite video in the Pets & Animals section. The video was also aired by",
"title": "Cory Williams"
},
{
"id": "20343305",
"text": "video has received over 430 million views on YouTube. The song reached number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Post Malone and 21 Savage's first number-one song. It debuted at number two behind Cardi B's \"Bodak Yellow\", breaking the single week streaming record on Apple Music with over 25 million streams becoming Post Malone's third top 20 hit, following his debut single, \"White Iverson\" and his top 10 hit \"Congratulations\". It stayed behind \"Bodak Yellow\" for three consecutive weeks before reaching the top spot in its fourth week. As of October 2017, the single has sold 165,458 copies",
"title": "Rockstar (Post Malone song)"
},
{
"id": "522896",
"text": "Rhapsody\" was voted \"the UK's favourite hit of all time\" in a poll conducted by the \"Guinness World Records British Hit Singles Book\". In 2004, the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Many scholars consider the \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" music video ground-breaking, crediting it with popularising the medium. Rock historian Paul Fowles stated that the song is \"widely credited as the first global hit single for which an accompanying video was central to the marketing strategy\". It has been hailed as launching the MTV age. In December 2018, \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" became the most-streamed song from the 20th century,",
"title": "Queen (band)"
},
{
"id": "11738103",
"text": "billion views on Vevo with the videos for its songs \"Roar\" and \"Dark Horse\". Her fifth album, \"Witness\" (2017), delved into electropop and became her third album to reach number one in the U.S. Its most successful single, \"Chained to the Rhythm\", broke the record for Spotify's most streamed track by a female artist within 24 hours upon its release. Perry has received many awards, including four Guinness World Records, five American Music Awards, a Brit Award, and a Juno Award, and has been included in the annual \"Forbes\" lists of highest-earning women in music from 2011–2018. Her estimated net",
"title": "Katy Perry"
},
{
"id": "20852698",
"text": "What You Made Me Do”, which recorded 43.2 million views in 2017. On August 29, 2018, the music video became the fastest to reach 100 million views on YouTube in 2018. The record was eventually broken in December 2018 by Ariana Grande, with the song \"Thank U, Next\". On September 6, 2018, the music video featuring Nicki Minaj was released. The music video is similar to the original music video, but with some additional scenes and Nicki Minaj rapping her part with Korean transliteration of the lyrics at her back. The video ends with several \"Idol Challenge\" video clips uploaded",
"title": "Idol (BTS song)"
},
{
"id": "20048835",
"text": "100 on the week of April 22, 2017 and has peaked at number 38 on the chart. The song spent 21 weeks on the charts before it dropped out on the week of September 16, 2017. It is A Boogie's highest-charting single and first top 40 single and Kodak Black's second Top 40 single. On July 27, 2017, the single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for combined sales and streaming equivalent units of over a million units in the United States. The song's accompanying music video premiered on October 4, 2017 on A Boogie's",
"title": "Drowning (A Boogie wit da Hoodie song)"
},
{
"id": "16024613",
"text": "in the first YouTube Music Awards in 2013. Stirling achieved one million singles sold worldwide by August 2014. As of September 30, 2017, her \"Lindseystomp\" YouTube channel exceeded 10 million subscribers and over 2 billion total views. Stirling has been named in \"Forbes\" magazine's 30 Under 30 In Music: The Class Of 2015. \"Forbes\" notes her quarter-finalist position on \"America's Got Talent\" season five in 2010, a No. 2 position on the \"Billboard\" 200 for her second album \"Shatter Me\" in 2014, and her 11 million subscribers on YouTube. Stirling's eponymous debut album was a commercial success in Europe, selling",
"title": "Lindsey Stirling"
},
{
"id": "17733167",
"text": "all. The video was released on the band's YouTube account on December 5, 2013. As of July 2018, the video has over 1.5 billion views on YouTube, and is one of the top 50 most viewed videos on the site. On 2 September 2014, Russian-German DJ and record producer Zedd released a remix of the song through Sony Music Entertainment lasting 4 minutes and 33 seconds. \"Rude\" entered the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 97 on May 10, 2014. On the issue dated July 26, 2014, the song reached number one, marking their first and only number-one single. \"Rude\"",
"title": "Rude (song)"
},
{
"id": "20702602",
"text": "The video features the year's most popular videos, people, music, movies, memes, and moments on YouTube and elsewhere. YouTuber A YouTuber, also known as a YouTube personality, YouTube celebrity, or YouTube content creator, is a type of internet celebrity and videographer who has gained popularity from their videos on the video-sharing website, YouTube. Networks sometimes support YouTube celebrities. Some YouTube personalities have corporate sponsors who pay for product placement in their clips or production of online ads. As of December 2018, PewDiePie is the most-subscribed YouTuber, with over 77 million subscribers. YouTubers have become an important source of information and",
"title": "YouTuber"
},
{
"id": "18652442",
"text": "48 on its year-end list to find the 50 best songs of 2015, while \"Billboard\" listed it number one on its Top 10 Dance/Electronic songs of 2015. The latter magazine also ranked \"Lean On\" at number 3 on its year-end critics' poll for 2015: \"The Grammys got it wrong. It's rare that a dance record of this quality reaches this level of ubiquity—after all, this is Spotifys most streamed song of all-time as of Nov. 2015. Despite being independently released, the infectious three-minute single became the poster child for dance crossover, dominating both radio and festival play and hitting No.",
"title": "Lean On"
},
{
"id": "21000938",
"text": "viewers, who subsequently dubbed it \"the worst rewind ever\". The video was criticized for obscure trending, or unpopular youtubers; lack of references to recent deaths such as Stefán Karl Stefánsson, TotalBiscuit and Stan Lee; and exclusion of many YouTubers such as iJustine, Rhett & Link, and PewDiePie, the most subscribed YouTube channel. However, the animation was praised and Will Smith's reactions in the video became an internet meme. \"YouTube Rewind 2018\" amassed 29.4 million views within 24 hours of release, making it the 13th most-viewed YouTube video in the first 24 hours. As of December 18, 2018, it has over",
"title": "YouTube Rewind 2018: Everyone Controls Rewind"
},
{
"id": "6756800",
"text": "ads according to site content and audience. The vast majority of its videos are free to view, but there are exceptions, including subscription-based premium channels, film rentals, as well as YouTube Premium, a subscription service offering ad-free access to the website and access to exclusive content made in partnership with existing users. , there were more than 400 hours of content uploaded to YouTube each minute, and one billion hours of content being watched on YouTube every day. , the website is ranked as the second-most popular site in the world, according to Alexa Internet. YouTube was founded by Chad",
"title": "YouTube"
},
{
"id": "5840946",
"text": "thirteen. It also reached number 55 in the UK Singles Chart. The song is highly popular on the radio; according to the performing-rights organization Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI), it became the most-played song of all time on American radio in 1997 with over 7 million airplays (all versions), overtaking the Beatles' \"Yesterday\". At the end of 1999, the song was ranked by the BMI as the most-played song of the 20th century, having been broadcast more than 8 million times on American radio and television, and it remains the most-played song, having accumulated almost 15 million airplays in the US",
"title": "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'"
},
{
"id": "20888405",
"text": "in the first 24 hours, and the most for an audio only release on the YouTube platform. It is also the biggest YouTube debut for a hip hop video ever, surpassing Kanye West's and Lil Pump's \"I Love It\", beating the record just the week before. \"Killshot\" broke the Genius record for being the fastest song to hit a million pageviews, hitting a million in just 8 hours, beating the previous records from Pusha T's \"The Story of Adidon\", gaining a million in 41 hours and Childish Gambino's \"This Is America\", hitting it in 45 hours. As of 2019, \"Killshot\"",
"title": "Killshot (song)"
},
{
"id": "16956396",
"text": "on her original music YouTube videos surpassed 150 million as of November 7, 2016. As of November 7, 2016, she has 145,846 subscribers and 41,819,836 views on her primary YouTube channel. Collectively, her YouTube views exceed 150 million views. Her \"America's Got Talent\" audition video alone has over 35 million views as of December 23, 2013. Since the beginning of 2014, Graceman has produced all of her released music. These include \"Speak to Me\", \"Living in Denial\", \"High Places\", \"Already Fallin\", \"IDK\", \"Miles Away\", \"Poison\", \"Never Meant to Me\", \"Leap of Faith\", \"Blink\", \"Heartbreaking Truth\", \"Remember\", \"Rain\", as well as",
"title": "Anna Graceman"
},
{
"id": "16196473",
"text": "performance of \"Set Fire to the Rain\" by Adele, respectively. On December 11, 2012, \"Call Me Maybe\" was named \"Song of the Year\" for 2012 by MTV. In its 2012 Year-End issue, \"Billboard\" magazine ranked this song #2 in the Hot 100 Songs, Digital Songs, and Canadian Hot 100 charts, in each case behind \"Somebody That I Used to Know\", by Gotye featuring Kimbra. The song was also ranked number one by the Village Voice's annual Pazz and Jop poll, which compiles the votes of music critics from all over the United States. The song was the best-selling single worldwide",
"title": "Call Me Maybe"
},
{
"id": "20433081",
"text": "of four million copies worldwide. The music videos for its singles, \"Best Song Ever\" and \"Story of My Life\", had been watched almost 200 million and over 100 million times, respectively, on YouTube up to that point. Taylor Swift was awarded the Global Recording Artist of 2014 after the commercial success of her fifth studio album, \"1989\". During the year, the album became the second global bestseller with sales of six million copies and spawned two international number-one singles, \"Shake It Off\" and \"Blank Space\". Adele received the award for the Global Recording Artist of 2015 with the release of",
"title": "Global Recording Artist of the Year"
},
{
"id": "11148987",
"text": "all three major US television networks combined\". In May 2011, YouTube reported on the company blog that the site was receiving more than three billion views per day. In January 2012, YouTube stated that the figure had increased to four billion videos streamed per day. According to May 2010 data published by market research company comScore, YouTube was the dominant provider of online video in the United States, with a market share of roughly 43 percent and more than 14 billion videos viewed during May. In October 2010, Hurley announced that he would be stepping down as the chief executive",
"title": "History of YouTube"
},
{
"id": "8010939",
"text": "dominated by Bollywood soundtracks, which account for nearly 80% of the country's music revenue. The industry was dominated by cassette tapes in the 1980s and 1990s, before transitioning to online streaming in the 2000s (bypassing CD and digital downloads). As of 2017, the largest Bollywood music record labels are T-Series (which has the world's most-viewed channel on YouTube), Zee Music, and Sony Music India (the largest foreign-owned label, owned by Sony Corporation). Hindi film songs are present in Hindi cinema right from the first sound film \"Alam Ara\" (1931) by Ardeshir Irani which featured seven songs. This was closely followed",
"title": "Music of Bollywood"
}
] | what is the most streamed song on youtube |
|
| [
{
"id": "13372653",
"text": "and returned for season 8. On March 11, 2016, The CW renewed the series for an eighth season, but on July 23, 2016, announced that the eighth season, which would have 16 episodes, would be the show's last. The final season began airing on October 21, 2016 and ended March 10, 2017. The series is set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, a town charged with supernatural history since its settlement of migrants from New England in the late 19th century. It follows the life of Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev), a teenage girl who has just lost both",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries"
},
{
"id": "13372654",
"text": "parents in a car accident, as she falls in love with a 162-year-old vampire named Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley). Their relationship becomes increasingly complicated as Stefan's mysterious older brother Damon Salvatore (Ian Somerhalder) returns, with a plan to bring back their past love Katherine Pierce, a vampire who looks exactly like Elena. Although Damon is initially the villain and harbors a grudge against his brother for forcing him to become a vampire, he later reconciles with Stefan and falls in love with Elena, creating a love triangle among the three. Both brothers protect Elena as they face various villains and",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries"
},
{
"id": "9513314",
"text": "on the series, most prominently 500-year-old vampire Katherine Pierce. She crossed over to \"The Vampire Diaries\" spinoff \"The Originals\", as doppleganger character Tatia, in an episode in 2014. In April 2015, Dobrev announced via Instagram that she would be leaving \"The Vampire Diaries\" after portraying Elena for six seasons. In January 2017, it was announced that Dobrev would return as Elena and Katherine in \"The Vampire Diaries\" series finale. Dobrev had a minor role in the erotic thriller \"Chloe\", theatrically released by Sony Pictures Classics on March 26, 2010. The film had enjoyed commercial success and became director Atom Egoyan's",
"title": "Nina Dobrev"
},
{
"id": "14963050",
"text": "the head writers and executive producers. On May 19, 2009, the series was officially ordered for the 2009–2010 season. The pilot was filmed in Vancouver, but the rest of the episodes have been filmed in Covington, Georgia (which doubles as the fictional small town of Mystic Falls, Virginia) and various other communities around Greater Atlanta. The series was given a full, 22-episode order on October 31, 2009, after strong ratings for the first half of the season. The season begins after the deaths of Elena and Jeremy Gilbert's parents. Both are put in their Aunt Jenna's custody. Jeremy has become",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "13808006",
"text": "which was a combination of real love and a sired bond, hoping they would live \"happily ever after\". Vlada Gelman of TVLine, however, felt that their romance was \"over in a rather mature way for a young love triangle\" and questioned whether Elena was \"ready to jump into a relationship with Damon right away\" while Stefan was still in the picture. Tonner Doll Company, Inc. created dolls for Elena and Katherine along with Stefan and Damon, from 1864. Elena Gilbert Elena Salvatore (née Gilbert) is a fictional character and protagonist from the television series \"The Vampire Diaries\". In \"The Vampire",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "13807970",
"text": "playing them both. In the television series's fourth season, Elena becomes a vampire and deals with the struggles that come with her change. She took the cure and became human again towards the end of the sixth season. In the finale of the sixth season, Kai linked Elena to Bonnie's life by magic. Elena will only wake up when Bonnie dies in around 60 years. She was locked inside the Salvatore tomb, then relocated to a warehouse in Brooklyn, New York in the seventh season, then back to Mystic Falls. In late 2016, when it was announced that the eighth",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "14963048",
"text": "The Vampire Diaries (season 1) \"The Vampire Diaries\" is an American supernatural horror romance television series created by Kevin Williamson based on the novels of the same name by author L. J. Smith. It was officially picked up for the 2009–10 season on May 19, 2009. It premiered on September 10, 2009, on The CW and received the highest ratings for a series premiere in the networks history scoring 4.91 million live viewers. The series focuses on the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, that is charged with supernatural history. It follows Elena Gilbert portrayed by Nina Dobrev as she",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "3611223",
"text": "in a love triangle between Stefan and his older brother, Damon (Ian Somerhalder), while the brothers are also being haunted by the past they've had with Katherine Pierce (also played by Dobrev). The series also focuses on the lives of Elena's friends and other inhabitants of the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia. \"The Vampire Diaries\" premiered on September 10, 2009, and has become a domestic and international hit. Williamson developed a new TV series for The CW entitled \"The Secret Circle\", which was from another book series of \"Vampire Diaries\" writer, L. J. Smith. The series revolves around six",
"title": "Kevin Williamson (screenwriter)"
},
{
"id": "13807968",
"text": "Elena Gilbert Elena Salvatore (née Gilbert) is a fictional character and protagonist from the television series \"The Vampire Diaries\". In \"The Vampire Diaries\", set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, she is portrayed by Nina Dobrev. In the books, Elena was blonde, popular, selfish and a \"mean girl\". However the show's producers, Julie Plec and Kevin Williamson, felt that it wasn't the direction they wanted to go with their heroine in \"The Vampire Diaries\" television series. Instead, she became a nicer, relatable and more of \"the girl next door\" type, until her life gets flipped upside down when she",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "17069200",
"text": "had with Katherine Pierce (also played by Dobrev). The series also focuses on the lives of Elena's friends and other inhabitants of the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia. \"The Vampire Diaries\" premiered on September 10, 2009, and has become a domestic and international hit. In November 2012, \"Deadline Hollywood\" announced that Julie Plec and Greg Berlanti had attained the rights to \"The Tomorrow People\" and commissioned a pilot written by Phil Klemmer. This occurred after a similar rights option expired to an aborted attempt two years previously. It was announced on January 28, 2013 that the revival had received",
"title": "Julie Plec"
},
{
"id": "13807977",
"text": "a \"conniving, narcissistic, bitch\". Describing Elena years later, Dobrev said she evolved from a \"younger, naive, sad, young girl\" to a \"strong woman\". Before \"The Vampire Diaries\", Elena dated Matt Donovan (Zach Roerig), who was unable to move past his feelings for her initially after their break-up. Elena began dating Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley), and later discovered he was a vampire. As the episodes progressed, she developed a connection with Stefan's adventurous brother Damon Salvatore (Ian Somerhalder), who consumes human blood, unlike Stefan, who has an animal blood diet. Speaking about the different qualities Stefan and Damon bring to Elena,",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "16972127",
"text": "sacrifice of the twelve hybrids for which Klaus was needed. Meanwhile, Klaus discovers Tyler's plan and kills all twelve hybrids. Later on, an agitated Klaus drowns Carol Lockwood when he cannot find Tyler. Caroline reveals to Stefan that Damon and Elena are still together right after Damon, still being at the lake house, sets Elena free after he sees her being normal and happy family with her brother. Damon was already conflicted between doing what he wants and what would be the right thing to do by her and by his brother. He didn't feel good about lying to Stefan",
"title": "O Come, All Ye Faithful (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "13807989",
"text": "as well but that she never stopped loving Stefan. While in Denver together, Elena kisses Damon, later telling him that she doesn't know how she feels about him. It is eventually revealed that Elena met Damon the night of her parent's death, though he compelled her to forget. She eventually chooses Stefan in the season finale but before she can tell him, Elena drowns while having vampire blood in her system. During the last moments of season three, she awakens as a vampire in transition. In season four, Elena is faced with the tough decision of whether to die or",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "14963051",
"text": "a loner and Elena starts dating a boy named Stefan Salvatore. It is soon revealed that Stefan is a vampire and his brother Damon shows up in Mystic Falls and kills people at random. Another supernatural revelation occurs when Elena's friend Bonnie Bennett discovers she is born into a line of witches and is a witch herself. She gets help from her grandmother to use her powers. Elena's friends and acquaintances also become involved such as Tyler Lockwood, son of the mayor, and Matt Donovan, Elena's ex-boyfriend and Caroline Forbes, daughter of the sheriff. It also turns out that Elena",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "16514418",
"text": "and Tyler Lockwood (Michael Trevino) take care of her. In the harsh reality of the present situation, Elena longs for simpler times when her parents, Grayson (Jason MacDonald) and Miranda Gilbert (Erin Beute), and aunt Jenna Sommers (Sara Canning) were still alive, and her biggest concern was her relationship with Matt. In a conversation with Matt, Elena tells him that Stefan was there at a time in her life when she had nothing, but that when she is with Damon, she feels a passion for him that consumes her. As this is happening, Damon Salvatore (Ian Somerhalder) and Stefan Salvatore",
"title": "The Departed (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "14963052",
"text": "is the doppelganger of Katherine Pierce, a woman who, centuries ago, seduced the Salvatore brothers and turned them into vampires, turning their vampire hunting father against them, though Stefan ends up killing him. Katherine was presumably trapped in a tomb beneath the church and Damon is planning on releasing her. Lexi, a friend of Stefan's shows up and befriends Elena, but is killed by Damon, driving a wedge between brothers. Jeremy falls in love with Vicki Donovan, Matt's sister, who uses drugs like him, but she was dating Tyler and starts a rivalry between the boys. Vicki breaks up with",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "16950415",
"text": "hybrids. Caroline and Stefan begin to believe that Elena is sired to Damon. Later, Elena moves into the boarding house. She and Damon talk for a bit before they stand up and begin to dance by the fireplace. After a moment or so of dancing and holding each other close, they kiss. The two make out in the living room for a while before they go upstairs to Damon's bedroom and have sex for the very first time. The episode ends with Damon and Elena cradling each other's faces in a loving kiss. When the episode aired on November 29,",
"title": "My Brother's Keeper (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17937893",
"text": "her room and she finds Luke waiting for her. It is revealed that Luke is her brother and that the two of them know more things that they let others believe, plus that Liv already knows how to practice magic. The episode ends with Elena and Damon fighting over their relationship and how much one depends on another. They decide to break up because their love makes them something else of what they really are but they end up in bed together because they cannot fight what they feel for each other. In the \"While You Were Sleeping\" episode we",
"title": "While You Were Sleeping (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17069199",
"text": "Jackson, and Shannon Elizabeth. The film suffered many script and scheduling difficulties during production and ultimately failed to perform at the box office. Plec developed a new TV series for The CW entitled \"The Vampire Diaries\", which was adapted from a novel series of the same name by L. J. Smith. The series follows the life of Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev), who falls in love with vampire Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley), and soon finds herself caught in a love triangle between Stefan and his older brother, Damon (Ian Somerhalder), while the brothers are also being haunted by the past they've",
"title": "Julie Plec"
},
{
"id": "13372655",
"text": "threats to their town, including Katherine. The brothers' history and the town's mythology are revealed through flashbacks as the series goes on. Additional storylines revolve around the other inhabitants of the town, most notably Elena's younger brother Jeremy Gilbert (Steven R. McQueen), her best friends Bonnie Bennett (Kat Graham) and Caroline Forbes (Candice King), their mutual friends Tyler Lockwood (Michael Trevino) and Matt Donovan (Zach Roerig), and their history teacher, vampire hunter Alaric Saltzman (Matthew Davis). The town's politics are orchestrated by descendants of the original founding families, all comprising a \"Founders' Council.\" The founding families of Mystic Falls include",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries"
},
{
"id": "18046560",
"text": "and satisfying is that these three characters can’t let go of each other. It doesn’t seem to matter where the plot has taken them or who Elena is in love with at the moment, there is an underlying bond that refuses to be broken, and it was thrown in their faces on tonight’s episode of \"The Vampire Diaries\".\" Jen from \"TV Over Mind\" also gave a good review saying: \"Longtime fans are no strangers to jaw-dropping season finales on The Vampire Diaries but I think you can all agree that this one is the most memorable so far. The conflicting",
"title": "Home (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17684615",
"text": "with Elena. Elena tries to help Stefan remember by taking him to the school where they reenact the moment they met. Stefan still cannot remember, so Elena takes him to the bridge where he saved Matt's (Zach Roerig) life and she became a vampire. He does not recall any of the events. The two of them come very close, but before they kiss, Elena tells him that she is with Damon, something that makes Stefan angry and leaves. Matt experiences episodes of losing time, so he sets up cameras all over the house to discover what is happening. He also",
"title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "16408376",
"text": "leaves Mystic Falls a tortured soul, ashamed of his own barbaric actions and those of his family's. He is shown to be one of the most sophisticated and peaceful of the Original siblings, alongside his older brother Finn. He is the most compromising regarding Elena and her friends. Elijah and Elena develop a sort of understanding, and Elena comes to be fond of Elijah's company. She thus feels especially betrayed when earlier Elijah threatened to allow Rebekah to kill Elena if the Salvatore brothers are not able to stop Esther Mikaelson from killing the Original Family. However, in the 18th",
"title": "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "15598643",
"text": "Canning was confirmed to return as Jenna Sommers in a flashback in the last episode of the season, \"The Departed\". On April 9, 2012, Jason MacDonald and Erin Beute were confirmed as Elena's parents, will appear in a flashback in the last episode of the season. Lauren Cohan re-appeared in the episode 'Heart of Darkness,' as ghost Rose, to contact Jeremy and find Mary, who turned Rose into a vampire. Season three begins in the aftermath of Jenna's death and the ceremony which lead the creation of Klaus being the first hybrid this has heavily affected Alaric, Elena, and Jeremy.",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "17937889",
"text": "him. Damon knows that Elena is not fine and she will hurt herself and he wants to go to her. He calls Matt and manages to capture him, throwing his ring away. He threatens Jeremy that if he will not let him go to Elena he will kill Matt and Jeremy releases him. Luke (Chris Brochu), a college student, finds Elena and tries to help her. Elena does not remember him and she realizes that she met her when Katherine was in her body. She compels him and feeds him her blood to turn him so she can feed but",
"title": "While You Were Sleeping (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "16408372",
"text": "they became vampires, can kill Originals. Elijah then works with a witch to locate Elena. The witch is able to locate her, so he goes to Mystic Falls to confront her, where he ends up saving her from a group of vampires who also wanted to take Elena. It is revealed that those vampires wanted to hand her over to Klaus. When Elijah discovers this, he makes peace with Elena and her friends, because he wants to use Elena as bait to draw out Klaus and kill him. He thus makes a deal with Elena that if she helps him",
"title": "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17719369",
"text": "works and Stefan calms down while coming very close to Katherine. The moment they are about to kiss, Caroline opens the safe. They draw away but a little bit later, when Stefan goes to thank her, they end up having sex. At the end of the episode, Damon wakes up in his cell after the shooting and he asks for Elena. Elena though is not in her cell. Elena was taken upstairs and is strapped to an exam table. Next to her there is another vampire, also strapped to another exam table. He introduces himself as Enzo (Michael Malarkey) and",
"title": "The Cell (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "6815408",
"text": "The Vampire Diaries (novel series) The Vampire Diaries is a young adult vampire horror series of novels created by Alloy Entertainment (book packager). The story centers on Elena Gilbert, a young high school girl who finds her heart eventually torn between two vampire brothers, Stefan and Damon Salvatore. The series was originally published in 1991-1992 and it revolves around Stefan Salvatore and Elena Gilbert as the two main protagonists. The first three novels in the original series (\"The Awakening, The Struggle\", and \"The Fury\") all feature Stefan and Elena as the narrators of the series, while the last book in",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries (novel series)"
},
{
"id": "13320000",
"text": "Vampire Diaries\" series was picked up three weeks after she completed work on the film. Canning co-starred on \"The Vampire Diaries\" as Jenna Sommers, the aunt and guardian of Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev), and her younger brother Jeremy (Steven R. McQueen). Canning was younger or the same age as her fellow cast members who played high school students. Makeup artists and the wardrobe team worked to make her look older. Canning also downplayed her Canadian accent for the role. Matthew Davis played her character's love interest, Alaric. Canning appeared on the second season of \"The Vampire Diaries\" from 2010–2011, until",
"title": "Sara Canning"
},
{
"id": "13807999",
"text": "to make. She eventually decides to have him undo it, but Alaric goes back to being human again after crossing into Mystic Falls, causing him to lose his vampire status (he only stayed alive because his once fatal human injuries were healed), meaning he will not be able to do so. She is then left to finally come face-to-face with Damon and see if she'll still feel the same way about him. They eventually rekindle their relationship, Elena takes the cure that Bonnie gave Damon. At Alaric's wedding Kai ruins their wedding and casts a sleeping spell on Elena, linking",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "3611222",
"text": "a midseason replacement set to air in March but its timeslot was filled by \"\" instead. The pilot eventually premiered on May 30, 2007, to favorable reviews. However, after eight episodes, the series was canceled due to low viewership ratings. The final episode aired on July 4, 2007. Williamson developed a new TV series for The CW entitled \"The Vampire Diaries\", which was adapted from a novel series of the same name by L.J. Smith. The series follows the life of Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev), who falls in love with vampire Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley), and soon finds herself caught",
"title": "Kevin Williamson (screenwriter)"
},
{
"id": "13807984",
"text": "highschool. With the help of John's brother Grayson, Isobel and John flee town days later, leaving Grayson and his wife Miranda to adopt Elena as their own. A doctor, Grayson fakes a birth certificate so that it appeared Elena was his daughter with Miranda. The next year, Miranda and Grayson had a child of their own, Jeremy Gilbert. Elena dates her childhood friend Matt Donovan, who was her first love. On 23 May 2009, Elena is picked up by her mother and father after getting in a fight with Matt while attending the party. The three of them later end",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "14843202",
"text": "role as Tyler's uncle Mason, a werewolf who comes to town after his brother dies. Katherine sends Mason to Mystic Falls to get the moonstone for her. He succeeds, but Damon and Stefan find out that he works with Katherine, and Damon kills him. Mason has been described as a \"cool\" uncle, sexy and athletic. Lauren Cohan joined the cast as Rose, a 500-year-old vampire and possible love interest for Damon. She kidnaps Elena to hand her over to Elijah, but Elena is saved by Stefan and Damon. She then becomes their ally and even starts a small romantic relationship",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "16408404",
"text": "desires to live a stable life with Stefan by her side. Klaus forces her to choose between himself and Stefan. She chooses the latter, leading Klaus to dagger her. He brings her back to life shortly thereafter, in order to obtain her necklace, which was originally Esther's. The same necklace is gifted to Elena by Stefan during the series first season. Rebekah and Klaus thus head to Mystic Falls. Rebekah develops a deep hatred and envy of Elena, and continually tries to hurt, kill, and emotionally distress her, until her brother makes her stop. Later on, Rebekah tries to be",
"title": "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "13807985",
"text": "up in a car accident, with their car driving off a bridge. Stefan Salvatore finds them, and saves Elena, but it was too late to save Grayson and Miranda, who died. It remained unknown for months who saved Elena, and it was considered a miracle that she lived. Her relationship with Matt ended when they broke up. Elena, still empty after losing her parents, begins to fit back into school. She meets a mysterious new student named Stefan Salvatore. They connect instantly, and begin dating. She meets his older and malevolent brother, Damon. After researching, Elena realizes Stefan was alive",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "17993436",
"text": "since Elijah had the spell lifted. Stefan gets out of the tomb and Katherine tries to follow him but Elijah blocks her way and compels her to stay in there unless he tells her otherwise. He wants to make sure that Klaus will know exactly where she is when he comes to town. Katherine begs Stefan to not leave her in there but Stefan walks away to go find Elena and the two of them make up and are back together. The episode ends with Damon apologizing to Rose for picking a fight with a werewolf that led to her",
"title": "By the Light of the Moon (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "16413049",
"text": "him. In an attempt to save her life, she tells him that Emily's spell book holds the secret to reverse the spell. He apologizes and then rips her heart out. Elena and Damon are back to Mystic Falls and Elena finally talks to Stefan asking him the truth and if he was with her because of her resemblance to Katherine. Stefan explains that she is nothing like Katherine and he noticed that before they even met. He reveals to her that he was there the night she had the accident with her parents and that he was the one who",
"title": "Bloodlines (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "13808003",
"text": "hear her voice message and will love her forever. In the epilogue, Elena continued to study at medical school. After finishing her education, she went back to Mystic Falls and lived together with Damon, happily married for a long time. After living out her life, she crosses over to the afterlife where she finally reunites with her parents, Aunt Jenna and Uncle John. The second-last episode of \"The Originals\", 'The Tale of Two Wolves', features Elijah and Hope Mikaelson visiting Mystic Falls, and the window of a doctor's office reads 'Elena Salvatore, M.D.', showing that Elena got her own medical",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "15598639",
"text": "premiered on Thursday, September 15, 2011. The series stars Nina Dobrev as Elena Gilbert and Katherine Pierce, Paul Wesley as Stefan Salvatore and Silas, Ian Somerhalder as Damon Salvatore, Steven R. McQueen as Jeremy Gilbert, Kat Graham as Bonnie Bennett, Candice Accola as Caroline Forbes, Zach Roerig as Matt Donovan, Michael Trevino as Tyler Lockwood, Matt Davis as Alaric Saltzman and Joseph Morgan as Klaus. 7th Heaven's David Gallagher was cast as werewolf Ray Sutton who has a run-in with Klaus in Tennessee. Australian actress, Claire Holt has been cast as Rebekah the sister of Klaus and Elijah, a beautiful",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "16413043",
"text": "happens. She leaves and goes to her grandmother (Jasmine Guy) to ask her why she does not have her powers anymore. Her grandmother tells her that she has to face what scared her, so Bonnie leaves and goes to the Fell's Church where Emily destroyed the crystal. Damon and Elena arrive at a bar where Damon is old friends with the owner, Bree (Gina Torres). Bree is a witch and Damon came to ask her help so he can bring Katherine back. They all have fun and drink and at one moment Elena goes outside to call Jenna (Sara Canning)",
"title": "Bloodlines (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "15598637",
"text": "The Vampire Diaries (season 3) \"The Vampire Diaries\", a one-hour American supernatural drama, was officially renewed for a third season by The CW on April 26, 2011, that aired from September 15, 2011, to May 10, 2012. The third season consisted of 22 episodes and focused on the story of Klaus' origin, his relation with his family and reveal more about the original family. The third season opened to generally positive reviews. The season takes a gap from the last season and begins with Elena Gilbert's 18th birthday with all series regulars returning with the exception of Sara Canning whose",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "13807990",
"text": "to feed on human blood so she can fully transition into a vampire. Elena, after realizing Stefan's desperation to keep her alive, decides to complete her transition. Her relationship with Stefan ends, allowing her to begin a proper romance with Damon. Although, it is later revealed there is a sire bond between them. Sometime later whilst searching for the cure for vampirism, Jeremy is fed to the immortal Silas by Katherine. As a result, Damon used the sire bond to convince her to turn off her humanity, due to her incredible grief over losing her brother and the last remaining",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "17976645",
"text": "what happened. Meanwhile, Elena wants to know who Elijah is and keeps asking Rose and Trevor about him. Rose explains that he is one of the Originals from which she and Trevor are running away for 500 years. The Originals want them dead because they helped Katherine escape and now they just want Elena to deliver her to Elijah in exchange for their lives/freedom. Elena is valuable to them because her blood (a doppelganger's blood) can break the vampire/werewolf curse. While Rose talks to Elena, Trevor is not sure if it is a good idea that they called Elijah to",
"title": "Rose (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17058713",
"text": "to get help for her, since her magic is out of control. At the Gilbert house Klaus says he intends to take Jeremy with him to protect him from Kol, but Elena and Jeremy refuse. When Stefan asks Rebekah about the headstone, she asks if he is over Elena; when he says \"yes\", they make love. At the Gilbert house, Elena and Jeremy plot to kill Kol. When the episode aired on January 24 2013, it was seen by 2.71 million American viewers. Catch Me If You Can (The Vampire Diaries) \"Catch Me If You Can\" is the eleventh episode",
"title": "Catch Me If You Can (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17836703",
"text": "knock him down and make it look real. Logan throws Damon away and escapes. After taking Caroline home, Stefan gets back to school to find Elena. He tells her that they cannot be together and she offers to drive him home. Elena tries to convince him that he is not responsible for what is happening in her life since her life was painful way before his arrival. Stefan is not convinced though and he walks away. Elena shouts at him that she loves him. Stefan, hearing that, gets back to her and kisses her. The two of them get into",
"title": "The Turning Point (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "18360017",
"text": "solar eclipse took place (May 10). Elena (Nina Dobrev), after her decision to let Alaric (Matt Davis) erase Damon from her memory, puts away everything that reminds her of him. She tells everyone her plan and asks them not to tell her anything about her relationship with Damon after Alaric has compelled her. Alaric and Elena start going through her memories and Alaric erases one by one, ultimately searching for the moment where Elena knew she loved Damon. In the meantime, Jeremy (Steven R. McQueen) is hanging out with Sarah (Gabrielle Walsh) at Matt's (Zach Roerig) house. Matt does not",
"title": "Yellow Ledbetter (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "13807981",
"text": "Elena or she wanted. In the show's third season, Elena has a brain hemorrhage which was initially thought to be a concussion, and begins to die. In what was described by the \"International Business Times\" as \"the moment Vampire Diaries fans have been waiting for\", Elena had to choose whether to be driven to Damon or Stefan to say goodbye to. At the time, Klaus was killed, meaning all vampires sprouting from his bloodline also die, which includes Damon and Stefan. She picks to say goodbye to Stefan. However, all these vampires end up surviving when Klaus never really dies.",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "13807978",
"text": "Dobrev said they have \"different qualities that are very appealing\", which combined make \"the perfect man\". She said \"Stefan is committed and sweet and protective and loving, and Damon is spontaneous and crazy and fun and exciting\". After Elena became a vampire, she became sired to Damon and they slept together. According to Plec during an interview with TVLine, Elena \"really believes what she feels is 100 percent genuine and real\", and the couple \"wants to be together and realizes that they shouldn’t, yet really wants to. So what do they do?\" Stefan became heartbroken, feeling angry and betrayed, and",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "17976648",
"text": "the fights and protect Elena together. Rose appears at the Salvatore house to offer her help because, as she says, Elijah might be dead but the rest of the Originals will come for Elena because they all work for him; Klaus. In the meantime, Damon pays a visit to Elena to give her back her vervain necklace but before he does it, he admits to her that he loves her and then compels her to forget about it. He leaves the room and Elena stays behind with the necklace, wondering what happened. The episode ends with Elijah coming back to",
"title": "Rose (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "13372651",
"text": "The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith. The series premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017, airing 171 episodes over eight seasons. The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any series premiere since the network began in 2006; the first season averaged 3.60 million viewers. It was the most-watched series on the network before being supplanted by \"Arrow\". The show has",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries"
},
{
"id": "17989624",
"text": "back she realizes that she can't do the spell, even with help. Katherine gets the opportunity to torture Jeremy and Stefan rushes into the tomb to save him. He manages to get Jeremy out of the tomb but now he is trapped inside it with Katherine. Damon arrives at Slater's apartment to get Elena out of there but she refuses to go with him since she is determined to sacrifice herself to save everyone she loves. Cody arrives minutes later with two other vampires to take Elena and Damon gets ready to defend her. Elijah arrives and when he learns",
"title": "The Sacrifice (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "18461290",
"text": "spell and no vampires can enter. Mason finds something but before he manages to tell Damon what, he disappears. Lexi also disappears letting Elena know what to do with Stefan. Anna sees her mother again and they disappear together. Elena tells Stefan that she did not give up on him but she will not love a ghost for the rest of her life so if he does not want to lose her, he should try to help himself. Bonnie is mad at Jeremy for being with Anna all this time and she breaks up with him. She then sees that",
"title": "Ghost World (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "16514421",
"text": "body, meaning Klaus is still alive. She did this to save her friends and her mother (Persia White) who also stems from the same bloodline. Matt forces Elena to leave Mystic Falls with him to keep her away from the vampire attacks that have recently put her in harm's way. On the way, Elena realizes she loves Stefan and between her love for him and for Damon, she chooses Stefan, claiming that perhaps if she had met Damon first, things would be different (however, in a flashback it is revealed she did meet Damon first although he compelled her to",
"title": "The Departed (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17830712",
"text": "night he took Katherine to the Ball, Damon was also with her. Back in 1864, where Katherine and Stefan are together in bed and it is revealed that Katherine was a vampire and she bites Stefan. The next morning, Stefan is horrified but she compels him not to say anything and she tells Stefan that the three of them (her, Stefan and Damon) will always be together. Stefan tells Elena that Katherine was controlling his mind and compelled both brothers not to tell each other the secret. Vicki wakes up asking what happened. Damon tells her that she is dead",
"title": "Lost Girls (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "9513317",
"text": "the comedy \"Fam\", a CBS television pilot that was picked up to series in May 2018. Dobrev speaks English, French and Bulgarian. While filming \"The Vampire Diaries\", Dobrev lived in Atlanta, but moved to Los Angeles after leaving the series in 2015. Nina Dobrev Nikolina Konstantinova Dobreva (born January 9, 1989), known professionally as Nina Dobrev (), is a Canadian actress. Her first acting role was as Mia Jones in the drama series \"\". She later became known for portraying Elena Gilbert and Katherine Pierce, along with two other characters on The CW's supernatural drama series \"The Vampire Diaries\". Dobrev",
"title": "Nina Dobrev"
},
{
"id": "19600597",
"text": "on February 8, 2017. On January 26, 2017, it was announced that Nina Dobrev would return as Elena Gilbert in the series finale. At the end of the episode, \"It's Been a Hell of a Ride\" on February 24, 2017, it was revealed that Dobrev would reprise her role of Katherine Pierce as well. The Vampire Diaries (season 8) \"The Vampire Diaries\", an American supernatural drama, was renewed for an eighth season by The CW on March 11, 2016. On July 23, 2016, the CW announced that the upcoming season would be the series' last and would consist of 16",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries (season 8)"
},
{
"id": "13807986",
"text": "in 1953. It is later revealed that he is a 162-year-old vampire. Damon also begins falling for Elena. Elena finds a picture of a woman named Katherine Pierce who looks exactly like her. Stefan reveals that it is the woman who made him and Damon feud 145 years ago, and the person who turned them into vampires. He also told her that he is the person that saved her the night of her parents death. At the end of season one, Elena discovers that Grayson and Miranda weren't her biological parents, and that a woman named Isobel and her uncle",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "9513310",
"text": "Nina Dobrev Nikolina Konstantinova Dobreva (born January 9, 1989), known professionally as Nina Dobrev (), is a Canadian actress. Her first acting role was as Mia Jones in the drama series \"\". She later became known for portraying Elena Gilbert and Katherine Pierce, along with two other characters on The CW's supernatural drama series \"The Vampire Diaries\". Dobrev has also appeared in several feature films, including the 2012 coming-of-age drama \"The Perks of Being a Wallflower\", the 2014 action comedy \"Let's Be Cops\", the 2015 horror comedy \"The Final Girls\", the 2017 action thriller \"\", and the 2017 science fiction",
"title": "Nina Dobrev"
},
{
"id": "13807979",
"text": "lashed out at Damon and Elena. In the season 4 finale, an unsired Elena confirms that she is in love with Damon, and the two kiss passionately. At the end of season 6, the two plan to become human, get married, and have children together, but their dream is abruptly compromised by Kai, who puts Elena into a magical coma. Damon remains entirely devoted to Elena throughout the remaining two seasons as Elena sleeps peacefully. In the season 8 finale, she is revealed to be happily married to Damon. Executive producers Julie Plec and Kevin Williamson agreed that in the",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "9513313",
"text": "feature films in the mid-2000s, including \"Fugitive Pieces\" and \"Away from Her\". Dobrev also headlined a number of television films, including Sci Fi Channel's \"Never Cry Werewolf\", MTV's The American Mall, and two Lifetime original movies. In 2007 she appeared in the music video of \"You Got That Light\" performed by Wade Allain-Marcus and David Baum. Dobrev subsequently left \"Degrassi\" in 2009 to star in The CW's supernatural drama series \"The Vampire Diaries\", a television adaptation of the book series of the same name, playing the lead role of Elena Gilbert. Dobrev also played a series of dopplegangers of Elena",
"title": "Nina Dobrev"
},
{
"id": "16413047",
"text": "it, something that tells Stefan about. He assures her that while the vampires are still barely alive, they are weak and desiccated and locked away safely. Stefan brings Bonnie back home and safe and Sheila thanks him. The two of them seem to know each other from some years ago. Back at the bar, a mysterious figure walks in and exchanges a look with Bree. Elena walks outside once again to answer her phone, when a man grabs her and drags her away. Damon notices her absence and goes out to look for her. He sees Elena but when he",
"title": "Bloodlines (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17963662",
"text": "with Elena by drinking while Matt (Zach Roerig) and Tyler (Michael Trevino) see him and figure out that something is wrong between him and Elena. The three of them talk when Liv (Penelope Mitchell) walks into the bar and meets with Jeremy. They are surprised seeing them together, Damon leaves and Tyler tries to hear what Liv and Jeremy talk about but he cannot hear anything. Elena is on the phone with Bonnie (Kat Graham) while waiting in the line to the guidance counselor at Jeremy's school and tells her about her break up with Damon. They also realize that",
"title": "Rescue Me (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17676850",
"text": "Handle with Care (The Vampire Diaries) \"Handle with Care\" is the sixth episode of the fifth season of the American series \"The Vampire Diaries\" and the series' 95th episode overall. \"Handle with Care\" was originally aired on November 7, 2013, on The CW. The episode was written by Caroline Dries and Holly Brix and directed by Jeffrey Hunt. Nina Dobrev received positive reviews about her portrayal of three different characters, Elena, Katherine and Amara. Silas (Paul Wesley) is a mortal witch again and now he cannot wait to die so he can be with his one true love again. In",
"title": "Handle with Care (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "18046545",
"text": "When he turns his back to her to check where the leak comes from, she hits him and messages Damon to start. Markos gets up and stops her before she leaves. Damon is right outside the city limits where the spell starts when he receives Liz's text. He gets into the car to drive to the city, when Elena joins him and tells him that she will go with him. Damon tries to talk her out of it, but Elena has made her choice and she asks him to respect it as she respected his. They take off and they",
"title": "Home (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17993435",
"text": "seduce him by invading his mind. Stefan wakes up and tells her to stay out of his head. They start talking with Stefan asking her to apologize for all the things she did but Katherine does not apologize. She tells him that she loves him and to prove it she tells him that Isobel, Elena's birth mother, can help him find Klaus. Their conversation is interrupted by Elijah who comes to the tomb to free Stefan. Elijah explains that he made a deal with Elena which she will explain to him and he is now free to exit the tomb",
"title": "By the Light of the Moon (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17719367",
"text": "named Sara few months ago. Sara was Aaron's aunt and the last family he had left. Elena gets upset hearing that since few months ago she and Damon were together and happy and she cannot believe that he did that. Aaron, hearing the news about his aunt, he shoots Damon in the head and Damon drops unconscious. Meanwhile, in Mystic Falls, Stefan (Paul Wesley) watches Katherine so she will not try to kill herself again but Katherine is tired of his PTSD and she calls Caroline (Candice Accola) to come and help Stefan get over it. Caroline arrives with the",
"title": "The Cell (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "16413042",
"text": "Georgia and despite Elena's demands to take her back to Mystic Falls he declines and pulls over. Elena's phone rings, Damon answers it and it is Stefan (Paul Wesley) who worries about her especially since she does not have her vervain necklace anymore. Elena does not want to talk to him and Damon hangs up on him. He promises Elena he will not compel her and she agrees to continue traveling with him. Stefan finds Bonnie (Kat Graham) and asks her to help him find Elena. He gives her Elena's necklace to make a spell but when she tries nothing",
"title": "Bloodlines (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "13808002",
"text": "Stefan meets up with her. It looks like Bonnie has died, but in fact Elena is still sleeping and Stefan's ghost came to visit her in her dream. He had taken the place of killing Katherine instead of Damon, since Damon is human after Stefan gave him the cure. He came to say goodbye. After a tearful hug and saying goodbye, Stefan goes into afterlife. Elena finally wakes up because Bonnie has broken the spell over her. Elena reunites with Damon and the rest of the gang. Elena gives Caroline the message Stefan whispered into her ear, saying he did",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "17996068",
"text": "felt for each other was, and it was not the result of the doppelganger curse since that curse was fake. They both agree that they will always love each other. She later meets Damon to thank him for stopping the visions, but Damon tells her that he cannot be friends with her and does not want to see her again because it is hard for him. Elena walks away. In the meantime, Jeremy and Bonnie are at the Sheriff's office waiting for Matt to come back to life. When Matt comes back, he remembers what happened on the other side,",
"title": "Resident Evil (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17830710",
"text": "trapped at the house since he cannot get out to the sunlight and he is getting impatient waiting for Stefan to bring him his ring. He brought Vicki at the house who is lying on the couch. He decides to feed her his blood even though he says that he will regret it. Vicki feels much better after drinking the blood and the two of them have fun around the house dancing and drinking. Then, Damon unexpectedly snaps Vicki's neck. Stefan takes Elena into the woods where his house had been and he continues telling her about his past. While",
"title": "Lost Girls (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "13807971",
"text": "season would be the final season, Dobrev was in talks about returning to the television series to reprise her role in the final episode. After much speculation. Dobrev's return was confirmed on January 26, 2017, via an Instagram post. Dobrev appeared in the final episode of the show as both Elena and her evil doppelgänger Katherine Pierce. On March 9, 2009, it was announced that Bulgarian-born Canadian actress Nina Dobrev, known for her portrayal of on \"\", had joined the cast of \"The Vampire Diaries\" as Elena. She was the second cast member to be announced following Steven R. McQueen,",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "13807993",
"text": "Qetsiyah soon brings back Stefan's memories and says that Elena and Stefan were always meant to be as the Universe had to unite the doppelgängers of Silas and Amara. This leaves Damon and Elena questioning their relationship. Later on she is kidnapped and experimented on by Wes Maxfield, and she learns that her father also used to experiment on vampires. Later, when Katherine is about to die as a result of all of her years catching up with her as a result of having the cure in her system, Katherine uses a spell and possesses Elena, a fact that her",
"title": "Elena Gilbert"
},
{
"id": "14229087",
"text": "of which comprises the Cintamani stone. Drake wounds Lazaravic, leaving the guardians to kill him, and returns to the village, where he and Elena kiss and begin a relationship. \"\" reveals that Elena and Drake were married, and later broke up in between the events of \"Uncharted 2\" and \"3\", though she still wears her ring. Since the events of \"Uncharted 2\", Elena has become an international news correspondent, and has been stationed in Yemen for some time. She assists Nate and Sully in entering Yemen and helps locate a cistern leading to underground catacombs that contains the coordinates to",
"title": "Elena Fisher"
},
{
"id": "18092014",
"text": "her that she was the one who made the deal and not him and leaves to find Alaric (Matt Davis) at the Grill where Stefan asks his help to find Isobel. Alaric gives him a former phone number of Isobel's and Stefan starts searching for her. Rose is at the Salvatore house and she is getting worse after the werewolf bite. Damon tries to convince her that everything will be fine and he will find a way to cure her but he knows that this will be difficult. He leaves Elena to take care of her while he goes to",
"title": "The Descent (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "16408356",
"text": "and teams up with his siblings to force the Salvatore brothers to prevent his mother from killing the family by kidnapping Elena and threatening to kill her if the Salvatores do not stop Esther's endeavors. Damon ends up turning Bonnie's mother into a vampire, which ends her witch abilities and thus destroys the spell. Esther then flees from Mystic Falls to avoid her family. In the season three episode, \"Heart of Darkness\", Esther returns to Mystic Falls. She tells Rebekah that she was dying, and wanted to see her daughter one last time; however, she had ulterior motives for returning.",
"title": "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "16408405",
"text": "Elena's friend and helps with her and her friends' plan to kill Klaus once she found out he killed her mother, but is betrayed, and daggered by Elena, to simplify the Salvatore's plan to killing Klaus. In season three, Klaus makes Elena reveal Rebekah's location, and takes her body with him. She is eventually un-daggered by Elijah. During her time in Mystic Falls, Rebekah enrolls at the local high school, much to the disgust of Elena and her friends. There, she at first makes romantic advances towards Tyler Lockwood, Caroline Forbes' boyfriend. She later develops a fondness for Matt Donovan,",
"title": "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "18449023",
"text": "The End of the Affair (The Vampire Diaries) \"The End of the Affair\" is the third episode of the third season of The CW television series, \"The Vampire Diaries\" and the 47th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on September 29, 2011. The episode was written by Caroline Dries and directed by Chris Grismer. Katherine (Nina Dobrev) calls Damon (Ian Somerhalder) and tells him that she knows where Stefan (Paul Wesley) and Klaus (Joseph Morgan) are. Damon gets Elena and go to Chicago to find Stefan. At Chicago, Damon takes Elena to Stefan’s old apartment and shows her",
"title": "The End of the Affair (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17676853",
"text": "But when she tries to leave the cabin she cannot because Silas cast a spell on it. Tessa and Stefan are trapped in the cabin until the sundown. Elena does not know where Stefan is and tries to find him. She keeps calling him until Tessa answers his phone while he is in another room. Tessa tells Elena she slept with Stefan. Elena does not understand why Stefan prefers to be with Tessa, and Damon is forced to tell her what he and Silas did to him in order Silas get his power back so he can read Tessa's mind.",
"title": "Handle with Care (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "20045353",
"text": "I Was Feeling Epic \"I Was Feeling Epic\" is the series finale of The CW television series \"The Vampire Diaries\", as well as the 16th and last episode of season 8. It is also the 171st episode overall. It originally aired on Friday, March 10, 2017. The episode is written by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, and directed by Julie Plec. A one-hour retrospective aired before the finale. As Stefan and Caroline attempt to revive Bonnie, Bonnie enters the state between life and death and sees Elena and they reunite. Elena is shocked to see Bonnie, and says that it",
"title": "I Was Feeling Epic"
},
{
"id": "6815413",
"text": "The \"Stefan's Diaries\" are six novels based on the TV series, attributed to Lisa Jane Smith but actually ghostwritten. They tell Stefan and Damon's past since Katherine's arrival. As they were written during the series broadcast, some things differ, such as the story of the original Vampires. The Vampire Diaries (novel series) The Vampire Diaries is a young adult vampire horror series of novels created by Alloy Entertainment (book packager). The story centers on Elena Gilbert, a young high school girl who finds her heart eventually torn between two vampire brothers, Stefan and Damon Salvatore. The series was originally published",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries (novel series)"
},
{
"id": "16956052",
"text": "2012, the episode was viewed by 2.42 million American viewers. We'll Always Have Bourbon Street \"We'll Always Have Bourbon Street\" is the eighth episode of \"The Vampire Diaries's\" fourth season, premiering December 6, 2012 on The CW. After Elena and Damon wake up and continue where they left off the night before, Stefan arrives to the Salvatore house and approaches Damon with the suspicion that Elena is sired to him. Stefan tells Damon to ask Elena to try to drink from a blood bag again and see if she can keep it down, since he believes the only reason she",
"title": "We'll Always Have Bourbon Street"
},
{
"id": "17830716",
"text": "He then takes the bullet out of Stefan and he notices that it is wooden and realizes that people know about them. He takes his ring back and Vicki feeds on Logan, completing the transition. Stefan returns to Elena, explains what happened and he apologizes for not being able to save Vicky. Elena promises that she will not tell anyone about him being a vampire but not wanting to deal with the drama, she breaks up with him and the episode ends with her crying inside her house. In \"Lost Girls\" we can hear the songs: In its original American",
"title": "Lost Girls (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "16836457",
"text": "if he would have followed her for Matt to be saved, Damon responds that he would absolutely not, so that Elena could live the life she always wanted: \"Because I'm that selfish, but you know that,\" referencing the other compulsion when Damon confessed his love for Elena. Stefan takes Matt and feeds him his blood. Matt tells Stefan to stop saving him. Stefan retorts that it was Elena's choice that Matt be saved first. Stefan is the one living the rest of his life with the fact that it is his fault Elena is a vampire. Stefan tells Matt that",
"title": "Growing Pains (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17963660",
"text": "at the Atlanta Metropolitan Hospital, something that will help Caroline (Candice Accola) and Enzo (Michael Malarkey) find Tom easier and kill him. Elena (Nina Dobrev) wakes up next to Damon (Ian Somerhalder) after their break up sex. She realizes that it is Jeremy's (Steven R. McQueen) parent-teacher conference and she tries to sneak out without waking up Damon. Damon though is already awake and Elena reassures him that they are still broken up and what happened the previous night was a mistake before she leaves. Caroline and Enzo are already in Atlanta trying to find Tom when Sloan calls to",
"title": "Rescue Me (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17861143",
"text": "leaves the room telling him that his hatred will kill him. Stefan stays behind and threatens John to kill him and turn him into the thing he hates the most, a vampire (he forces him to drink his blood), if he will not leave town and get out of Elena's life within 24 hours. Katherine arrives at Mayor's wake and Bonnie walks right over her. Thinking she is Elena, she tells her about Damon giving his blood to Caroline to heal her but when she touches her she realizes that she is not Elena. She walks away to call Elena",
"title": "The Return (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17838443",
"text": "mother again. Stefan also sees Emily with Anna hiding but he does not say a word to the hunters. Back at the Gilbert house, Elena asks Stefan to bring her an aspirin and he goes downstairs to ask Jenna for one. Jenna tells him that Jeremy's friend Anna is in the house. Stefan, in a quick flashback to the night when Katherine was captured, he remembers Pearl's daughter and realizes who is Anna. He runs upstairs to Elena's room but Elena is gone. In \"Children of the Damned\" we can hear the songs: In its original American broadcast, \"Children of",
"title": "Children of the Damned (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "14963056",
"text": "up. John is working for the Council. The Council wish to use the Gilbert device to kill all vampires in Mystic Falls. Damon tries to kill John, but he is wearing a ring similar to Alaric's. It is revealed that John and Isobel, Alaric's vampire wife, are Elena's biological parents, they had Elena adopted by John's brother for her protection. It turns out they are also working for Katherine, and are using Mayor Lockwood and the others as pawns, although Isobel tells Elena their unofficial goal is to protect her. In the seasons climax, during Founders day, Richard and John",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "16413041",
"text": "like her\" and faints. Damon picks her up and goes to his car. Alaric (Matt Davis) stares at a picture of his wife Isobel (Mia Kirshner) as he remembers moments he lived with her. He knows that there is evil in Mystic Falls and that he was right to come here. He later meets Jeremy (Steven R. McQueen) at the school's parking lot. Jeremy informs him that he found a journal from the 1800s, something that seems to be interested in. Elena wakes up in Damon's car wondering what happened and where they are. Damon takes her with him to",
"title": "Bloodlines (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "18223099",
"text": "for a romantic weekend at her parents' house near the lake. When they get there, Elena remembers her parents and memories of them at the house come back to her mind. Stefan is there for her and they later find out a secret place where Elena's parents were hiding vampire weapons as well as other Gilbert journals. Damon (Ian Somerhalder) meets Elijah (Daniel Gillies) at the tea party Carol (Susan Walters) is organizing and tries to find out his plans and why he wants to keep Elena safe at the moment but Elijah does not seem willing to share his",
"title": "Crying Wolf (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "16875533",
"text": "there is a Halloween party. As Professor Shane helps Bonnie, Damon shows Elena how to feed properly. At first, Elena lets her emotions get in the way of her feeding but later at the Halloween party, she finds that preying on wrong-doers lessens her guilt. Elena, intoxicated with the human blood, dances with Damon as they both drink. However, when she sees Bonnie looking on in horror, Elena snaps out of the haze and feels guilty. They then go home to Mystic Falls where she apologizes to Damon for lashing out at him after the party, and admits that deep",
"title": "The Five (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17963663",
"text": "Jeremy was neither home or with Bonnie and they wonder where he was. Elena has to hung up because it is her turn to go to the guidance counselor while Bonnie spots Luke (Chris Brochu) sitting across the room. The counselor informs Elena that she is not Jeremy's primary contact when Damon appears and tells her that she asked him to take care of Jeremy while she was at Whitmore. The two of them spend the day together attending classes and with Damon trying to make her change her mind about their break up. Back in Atlanta, Caroline and Enzo",
"title": "Rescue Me (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "16950414",
"text": "place and reveals his vampirism to him. Jeremy arrives at the pageant and attacks Elena, nearly killing her, but she is rescued by Stefan and Matt. Stefan reveals to Elena he provided vampires for Jeremy to kill and she replies she doesn't want her humanity back if it costs her brother his. Matt moves into her house and Elena decides to stay in the Salvatore House for safety. Stefan then decides to leave, unable to stay in the same house as Elena. It is eventually revealed that Shane and Hayley are working together to break the sire bond with Klaus's",
"title": "My Brother's Keeper (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "13372680",
"text": "on the run and finds safe haven in New Orleans where he runs into Klaus. On October 31, 2013, DC Comics launched a comic book series based on the TV show. The Vampire Diaries The Vampire Diaries is an American supernatural drama television series developed by Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec, based on the popular book series of the same name written by L. J. Smith. The series premiered on The CW on September 10, 2009, and concluded on March 10, 2017, airing 171 episodes over eight seasons. The pilot episode attracted the largest audience for The CW of any",
"title": "The Vampire Diaries"
},
{
"id": "16408377",
"text": "episode of season 3, Elena professes that she hopes that her vampire friends are descended from Elijah's bloodline, so that he can be spared. Elijah returns to town in the season three finale episode, \"The Departed\", in order to make a deal with Elena and her friends. Elijah proposes that he be allowed to take Klaus's desiccated (by witch Bonnie and help from the Salvatores and Tyler) body with him and his siblings and leave town, and in exchange, he would make sure that Klaus would not be resurrected within Elena's lifetime or even that of her children, stating: \"perhaps",
"title": "Original Vampires (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "16972126",
"text": "to make out with her again. But they are \"saved\" by the cellphone: Elena needs to meet Bonnie because she is teaching Jeremy how to not kill her. But she asks him if he wants to come. Meanwhile, Elena and Damon go to the Gilbert Lake House to help Jeremy face some dangerous inner demons with the help of Bonnie and Professor Shane, who shares a piece of ancient history that leaves them all speechless. Hayley reveals to Tyler that there is no witch, and that she made a deal that could help her find her family which included a",
"title": "O Come, All Ye Faithful (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "18421973",
"text": "for there. Elena stalks Jo at the hospital to find out why she cannot be compelled. Jo, after Liam (Marco James) telling her about the girl at the corn maze that was supposed to die but she was healed, knows that Elena is a vampire, just like she knows about Alaric after trying to compel her. She warns Elena about the missing blood bags from the hospital but Elena wants to know how Jo knows and what she is. When Elena asks her if she is a witch, Jo does not answer and makes a deal with her to not",
"title": "The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "14445229",
"text": "down because he was the reason she left Mystic Falls in the first place. He is persistent and at the end of the Ball, Jenna accepts to go out with him for lunch. Damon wants to stay alone with Elena so he asks Caroline to ask Stefan for a dance. When they stay alone, he apologizes for his behavior at the game and explains that the Salvatore brothers are cursed with sibling rivalry. He shares with her the history of the \"first\" Salvatore brothers and the woman they both loved. Elena tells Damon that she does not want to be",
"title": "Family Ties (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "17892647",
"text": "the moonstone, that Mason is looking for since the day he came back, is. The two men start arguing and Mason reveals the curse to Tyler and tells him that to trigger it he has to kill someone; then he will become a werewolf. Stefan and Elena go to the Grill and run into Caroline who apologizes to Elena for her earlier behaviour. Elena reassures her that everything is fine and she sits with Stefan and talk about their relationship. They end up breaking up and Elena leaves. Caroline hears the whole conversation between them, as does Damon who sits",
"title": "Memory Lane (The Vampire Diaries)"
},
{
"id": "6894371",
"text": "Josh Schwartz. She screen-tested with Robert Pattinson for the leading role in the 2010 film \"Remember Me\", and auditioned for the role of Elena Gilbert, in The CW television series \"The Vampire Diaries\". In 2011, she played Danielle Anderson in the web series \"Talent\", which is based on the novel series by Zoey Dean. Later, Chando was cast as identical twins Emma Becker and Sutton Mercer in the ABC Family series \"The Lying Game\", which ran for two seasons until it was cancelled by the network. After \"The Lying Game\" ended, she appeared on an episode of the television series",
"title": "Alexandra Chando"
},
{
"id": "16514417",
"text": "The Departed (The Vampire Diaries) \"The Departed\" is the twenty-second and final episode of \"The Vampire Diaries's\" third season, premiering May 10, 2012 on The CW. During the episode, Elena remembers when life was simpler while the rest of her friends attempt to stay away from Alaric. In the episode's initial airing, it garnered 2.53 million viewers. In the third season finale, Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev) recovers in the hospital from her fall in the previous episode. Jeremy brings her back home, where Caroline Forbes (Candice Accola), Bonnie Bennett (Kat Graham), Jeremy Gilbert (Steven R. McQueen), Matt Donovan (Zach Roerig)",
"title": "The Departed (The Vampire Diaries)"
}
] | who does elena stay with in the vampire diaries |
|
| [
{
"id": "11857501",
"text": "If the Devil Danced (In Empty Pockets) \"If the Devil Danced (In Empty Pockets)\" is a song written by Ken Spooner and Kim Williams, and recorded by American country music singer Joe Diffie. The song reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. It was released in April 1991 as the third single from his debut album, \"A Thousand Winding Roads\". The music video was directed by Michael Salomon and premiered in early 1991. The song debuted at number 47 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart dated April 6, 1991.",
"title": "If the Devil Danced (In Empty Pockets)"
},
{
"id": "11857502",
"text": "It charted for 20 weeks on that chart, and peaked at number 1 on the country chart dated June 15, 1991, giving Diffie his second Number One single. If the Devil Danced (In Empty Pockets) \"If the Devil Danced (In Empty Pockets)\" is a song written by Ken Spooner and Kim Williams, and recorded by American country music singer Joe Diffie. The song reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. It was released in April 1991 as the third single from his debut album, \"A Thousand Winding Roads\". The music video",
"title": "If the Devil Danced (In Empty Pockets)"
},
{
"id": "12650060",
"text": "Tony Calder Tony Calder (27 June 1943 – 2 January 2018) was an English record manager, impresario, talent-spotter, promoter and public relations agent. He was Andrew Loog Oldham's business partner from 1963 to December 1969. During a career spanning over 50 years he was instrumental in promoting a number of successful songs in the UK Singles Chart, including the Rolling Stones \"Little Red Rooster\" and \"Paint It, Black\", the Small Faces \"Itchycoo Park\", Amen Corner's \"(If Paradise Is) Half as Nice\", Eddy Grant’s \"I Don't Wanna Dance\" and Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers single \"Swing the Mood\". Calder was born",
"title": "Tony Calder"
},
{
"id": "10593740",
"text": "third single from their self-titled debut album. Terry McBride & the Ride Terry McBride & the Ride is the fourth studio album recorded by American country music band McBride & the Ride. This album features a different lineup than other McBride & the Ride albums; it is also the only album they recorded under the name \"Terry McBride & the Ride\". \"Been There\", \"Somebody Will\", and \"High Hopes and Empty Pockets\" were all released as singles from this album, although none reached Top 40. \"Teardrops\" was also released by George Ducas in 1994 as his debut single, and \"Somebody Will\"",
"title": "Terry McBride & the Ride"
},
{
"id": "6594508",
"text": "Dance for Me (Mary J. Blige song) \"Dance for Me\" is a song by American recording artist Mary J. Blige, featuring vocals by rapper Common. It was written by Bruce Miller, Common, and Blige and produced by Dame Grease for her fifth solo album, \"No More Drama\" (2001). The song samples the 1979 song \"The Bed's Too Big Without You\" as performed by English rock band The Police and written by band member Sting. The song released as the album's second single in select European territories. The single never received a release within the United States. The music video was",
"title": "Dance for Me (Mary J. Blige song)"
},
{
"id": "8206127",
"text": "Andrews in the original Broadway production of \"My Fair Lady\". In the 1964 film adaptation of the musical, the song was sung by Marni Nixon, dubbing the singing voice of Audrey Hepburn, who played Eliza Doolittle. In 2004, Nixon's version finished at #17 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. Hit versions of the song were recorded by Sylvia Syms, Dinah Shore, Angélica María, Ben E. King as an ATCO single, Frank Sinatra, Rosemary Clooney, and Jamie Cullum. It was featured in \"The Birdcage\" sung by Nathan Lane, Hank Azaria, Gene Hackman, Robin Williams and",
"title": "I Could Have Danced All Night"
},
{
"id": "15552710",
"text": "for George Harrison on the album \"Best of Dark Horse 1976-1989\" (1989). Ringo Starr provided drums. Michael J. Mullins, Peter Howarth and Keith Murrell provided backing vocals for Cliff Richard and the Shadows on the tracks \"On The Beach\" and \"Do You Wanna Dance\". The songs are featured on the compilation album \"Knebworth: The Album\" (1990). In 1993, Mullins, Lance Ellington, Mae McKenna, Mike Stock and Miriam Stockley provided backing vocals on the Erik song \"The Devil and the Deep Blue Sea\". He also – along with Lance Ellington, Mae McKenna, Mike Stock and Miriam Stockley – provided backing vocals",
"title": "Michael J. Mullins"
},
{
"id": "12565643",
"text": "has grown to be a global phenomenon. As the 1980s dawned, pop-influenced country music was the dominant style, through such acts as Kenny Rogers, Ronnie Milsap, T.G. Sheppard, Eddie Rabbitt, Crystal Gayle, Anne Murray and Dolly Parton. The 1980 movie \"Urban Cowboy\", a romantic comedy starring John Travolta and Debra Winger, spawned a successful soundtrack album featuring pop-styled country songs, including \"Lookin' for Love\" by Johnny Lee, \"The Devil Went Down to Georgia\" by the Charlie Daniels Band, \"Could I Have This Dance\" by Murray and \"Love the World Away\" by Rogers. The songs, and the movie itself, resulted in",
"title": "1980s in music"
},
{
"id": "20178124",
"text": "released on March 9, 2015, and \"The Devil Wears a Suit and Tie\" was released as his first single. His music gained the attention of Brock Lesnar who helped to raise his profile among wrestling fans. Songs from the album were featured in the television show \"Dog the Bounty Hunter\", and the films \"Hell or High Water\" and \"Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri\". The track used in the films, \"Sleeping on the Blacktop\", gained more than a million streams on Spotify. In 2016, Wall opened for Lucinda Williams at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville. He was signed to Rick Rubin's",
"title": "Colter Wall"
},
{
"id": "10928192",
"text": "list: Track list: Track list: Vol. 1 Track list: Vol. 2 Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Vol. 1 Track list: Vol. 2 Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Vol. 1 Track list: Vol. 2 Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list: Track list Vol. 4 Track list: Track list: Track list: Luis Vargas (musician) Luis Rafael Valdez Vargas (born ) is a Dominican singer and songwriter. He became involved in popular music after meeting a local musician who taught him how to",
"title": "Luis Vargas (musician)"
},
{
"id": "7581444",
"text": "Tennessee and was with a band named 3 Legged Dog. He died from prostate cancer on July 25, 2011 at the age of 52. After Full Devil Jacket and WaxBox, Keith Foster played drums for Danny Archer in the band Love Over Gravity around Jackson, TN and Nashville, TN. Along with guitarist Greg Scallions (brother of Fuel frontman Brett Scallions) and bass player Brad Singleton, they recorded eight songs with record producer Michael Wagener (Ozzy, Metallica, Skid Row, etc.). The songs were never officially released, but can be found online. Bebout is currently working for Epiphone as Kramer Project Manager.",
"title": "Full Devil Jacket"
},
{
"id": "17836619",
"text": "Danni Rouge Chelsey Danielle Pauls, known professionally as Danni Rouge (born May 24, 1987), is an American artist, vocalist, songwriter and producer. She is best known for her work on DJ Rusko's single Dirty Sexy off his \"Songs\" album as well as the charting single Like Satellites with EDM artists Manufactured Superstars. Danni Rouge is also known for her fluid vocals and her racy, piercing lyrical content off her single \"Dance for the Devil\" from her EP \"Create Yourself\". Danni Rouge hails from Carlsbad, California, but since her relocation to North Hollywood, California, Danni's vocals were a go-to choice for",
"title": "Danni Rouge"
},
{
"id": "10492195",
"text": "Boogie Nights (song) \"Boogie Nights\" is a 1977 single by international funk-disco group Heatwave. It was the group's debut single and was written by keyboardist Rod Temperton. It was included on Heatwave's debut album, \"Too Hot to Handle\". American actor and singer Clarke Peters performed backing vocals on the recording. The song became one of the best-known disco songs by a British group and charted at #2 on the UK Singles Chart. In the US, \"Boogie Nights\" also peaked at #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 behind, You Light Up My Life by Debby Boone. The song also appeared on",
"title": "Boogie Nights (song)"
},
{
"id": "2679856",
"text": "of 2006, the album had sold 249,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Its lead and most notable single, \"Caught Out There\", became a top ten Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs hit and peaked at number 54 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. During this time, Kelis featured on Ol' Dirty Bastard's U.S. top 40 single \"Got Your Money\". The album performed better in Europe, where \"Caught out There\" was a moderate hit in most European countries except the United Kingdom, where the song saw massive success, peaking at number four on the UK Singles Chart. A second single, \"Good Stuff\" (featuring Terrar of",
"title": "Kelis"
},
{
"id": "12970614",
"text": "The Empty Pockets The Empty Pockets (formerly known as Josh & The Empty Pockets) is an American rock and roll band from Chicago, Illinois. Josh & The Empty Pockets released a Buddy Holly Tribute album in 2007 and \"Under the Bed\" in 2008, with Erika Brett featured on two of the songs. The band changed its name to The Empty Pockets following the addition of Erika Brett to its lineup. The Empty Pockets released two EPs, one of which features holiday songs. The group is composed of 4 members: Josh Solomon, guitar and lead vocals; Nate Bellon, bass and lead",
"title": "The Empty Pockets"
},
{
"id": "3314926",
"text": "Clarence Carter Clarence George Carter (born January 14, 1936) is an American blues and soul singer, musician, songwriter and record producer. His most successful records included \"Slip Away\" (1968), \"Back Door Santa\", \"Too Weak to Fight\", \"Patches\" (1970), and \"Strokin'\" (1985). Born blind in Montgomery, Alabama on January 14, 1936, Carter attended the Alabama School for the Blind in Talladega, Alabama, and Alabama State College in Montgomery, graduating in August 1960 with a Bachelor of Science degree in music. His professional music career began with friend Calvin Scott, signing to the Fairlane label to release \"I Wanna Dance But I",
"title": "Clarence Carter"
},
{
"id": "15920021",
"text": "The Yardbirds The Yardbirds are an English rock band, formed in London in 1963. The band's core lineup featured vocalist and harmonica player Keith Relf, drummer Jim McCarty, rhythm guitarist/bassist Chris Dreja and bassist/producer Paul Samwell-Smith. The band is known for starting the careers of three of rock's most famous guitarists, Eric Clapton, Jimmy Page and Jeff Beck, all of whom ranked in the top five of \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of 100 greatest guitarists. The band had a string of hits throughout the mid-1960s, including \"For Your Love\", \"Heart Full of Soul\", \"Shapes of Things\" and \"Over Under Sideways",
"title": "The Yardbirds"
},
{
"id": "10098707",
"text": "Alee Willis and Gary Wright. Performances on The Tonight Show and opening concerts for The Police, The Moody Blues and Iggy Pop, television scores for Falcon Crest, Perfect Strangers, Full House and film scores for Universal Studios and Lorimar Productions were also part of his repertoire. Delph's final album, \"A God That Can Dance\", was independently released in 1995. It chronicles the artist's struggle with HIV/AIDS and draws its title from a quote attributed in the liner notes to Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 – 1900): Paul Delph Paul Delph (February 28, 1957 – May 21, 1996) was a Los Angeles-based singer,",
"title": "Paul Delph"
},
{
"id": "15991853",
"text": "Bill Giant Bill Giant (March 2, 1930 – November 26, 1987) was a songwriter whose work included over 40 songs for Elvis Presley. Giant grew up in New York City and was known as Bill \"Harvey\" Zimmerman. He was part of the popular songwriting team \"Giant, Baum and Kaye\", writing songs with Bernie Baum and Florence Kaye. The majority of their work was used in Presley movies, although their most popular recording was \"(You're The) Devil in Disguise\" which reached No.3 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and No.1 on the U.K. singles chart in 1963. They were also credited",
"title": "Bill Giant"
},
{
"id": "19348859",
"text": "Devil's Gun \"Devil's Gun\" is a 1977 song by C. J. & Company from the album of the same name. Along with the tracks \"We Got Our Own Thing\" and \"Sure Can't Go to the Moon\", the song went to number one for five weeks on the \"Billboard\" disco/dance chart. The single also peaked at #36 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #2 on the R&B chart. \"Devil's Gun\" was written by Barry Green (also known as Barry Blue), Ron Roker, and Gerry Shury and produced by Mike Theodore and Dennis Coffey. The song is notable for being the first",
"title": "Devil's Gun"
},
{
"id": "12970619",
"text": "in Syracuse, New York. By the first week of December the single reached #31 on the Mediabase Christmas chart and was the #1 played song on WEZF in Burlington, Vermont. The album \"Under The Bed\" was re-released nationwide in stores, as well as online outlets, in April, 2009. Later that year, David Spero, manager of Joe Walsh, Cat Stevens and Dickey Betts, became the band's manager. After signing, promotion of the single \"Fall Right Now\" to major radio markets got underway, which saw it receive airplay on a number of Clear Channel and other monitored stations. During March and April",
"title": "The Empty Pockets"
},
{
"id": "4138478",
"text": "single \"Heaven Is a Halfpipe\" charted worldwide and won the Kerrang! Award for Best Single. They performed their hit single on \"Top of the Pops\" on July 20, 2001. After the \"Menace to Sobriety\" tour, Matthew Meschery decided to leave the band. John E. Necro stated \"that was the biggest blow of anyone\" and \"I don't think Matthew thought it through. It seemed like a really good idea when we got started, but it was more than he bargained for\" during an interview in 2009. In the October 2015 edition of Rock Sound magazine, Matthew revealed he would \"often get",
"title": "OPM (band)"
},
{
"id": "8872826",
"text": "with Josh Leo serving as producer. By the time of the album's release, Rick Gerken had replaced Roach, and Bob Britt had replaced Vaughan. Additionally, only McBride and Morse performed on it, with the rest of the instruments performed by session musicians and Roach. The album's singles, \"Been There\", \"High Hopes and Empty Pockets\", and \"Somebody Will\", all failed to reach Top 40, and the band broke up in 1995. River Road later released a version of \"Somebody Will\" from their 1997 self-titled debut album, and George Ducas released \"Teardrops\", a cut from \"Terry McBride & the Ride\", on his",
"title": "McBride & the Ride"
},
{
"id": "4467918",
"text": "Polyphonic Spree. In the book, Hornby describes the people who run \"The Believer\" as being \"all dressed in white robes and smiling maniacally, sort of like a literary equivalent of the Polyphonic Spree.\" (pg. 30) There are three follow-up books, \"Housekeeping vs. The Dirt\" (2006), \"Shakespeare Wrote for Money\" (2008) and \"More Baths Less Talking\" (2012). Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read: Books bought: Books read:",
"title": "The Polysyllabic Spree"
},
{
"id": "2721220",
"text": "Without You (Badfinger song) \"Without You\" is a song written by Pete Ham and Tom Evans of British rock group Badfinger, and first released on their 1970 album \"No Dice\". The power ballad has been recorded by over 180 artists, and versions released as singles by Harry Nilsson (1971) and Mariah Carey (1994) became international best-sellers. Paul McCartney once described the ballad as \"the killer song of all time\". In 1972, writers Ham and Evans received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically. First recorded by the rock group Badfinger, the song was composed by",
"title": "Without You (Badfinger song)"
},
{
"id": "8731813",
"text": "Roach in poetry. Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: Nominees Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees\":\" Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner: 2 Finalists: Nominees: Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winners Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Finalists Nominees Winner Nominees Winner",
"title": "Hurston-Wright Legacy Award"
},
{
"id": "12970626",
"text": "Sessions , where they played alongside Jason Mraz, Jimmy Cliff, Fun, among others; followed by Sunset Sessions showcases at the Hotel Café, and the Belly Up in San Diego. The band also headlined at The Bitter End and the Palms Resort & Casino in Las Vegas. In May 2013, the band performed at the Niagara Falls Hard Rock Café. In August of that year, The Empty Pockets opened for Dickey Betts again at the City Winery in Chicago. The band toured with Richie Furay, playing three shows together, in 2013, at Kent Stage, Fairfield Theatre Company, and at B.B. King's",
"title": "The Empty Pockets"
},
{
"id": "5279606",
"text": "During 1971 they appeared as themselves in Tim Burstall's comedy feature film, \"Stork\". They signed with Image Records and issued their debut single, \"My Canary Has Circles Under His Eyes\" (written by John Golden, Ted Koehler and Edward Pola), which is a cover version of Irish-born English band leader, Debroy Somers' 1930 original. Captain Matchbox's version reached No. 35 on the \"Go-Set\" National Top 40 in November 1972. Their follow up single, \"I Can't Dance (Got Ants in My Pants)\" (April 1973), did not chart. The Captain Matchbox Whoopee Band's debut album, \"Smoke Dreams\" (June 1973), reached the \"Go-Set\" Australian",
"title": "The Captain Matchbox Whoopee Band"
},
{
"id": "17836622",
"text": "15 spot on the U.S. Dance Billboard chart upon its debut. She is currently working on her next project to be released later this year. Danni Rouge Chelsey Danielle Pauls, known professionally as Danni Rouge (born May 24, 1987), is an American artist, vocalist, songwriter and producer. She is best known for her work on DJ Rusko's single Dirty Sexy off his \"Songs\" album as well as the charting single Like Satellites with EDM artists Manufactured Superstars. Danni Rouge is also known for her fluid vocals and her racy, piercing lyrical content off her single \"Dance for the Devil\" from",
"title": "Danni Rouge"
},
{
"id": "1426248",
"text": "Wilson Pickett Wilson Pickett (March 18, 1941 – January 19, 2006) was an American singer and songwriter. A major figure in the development of American soul music, Pickett recorded over 50 songs which made the US R&B charts, many of which crossed over to the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Among his best-known hits are \"In the Midnight Hour\" (which he co-wrote), \"Land of 1,000 Dances\", \"Mustang Sally\", and \"Funky Broadway\". Pickett was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991, in recognition of his impact on songwriting and recording. Pickett was born March 18, 1941 in Prattville, Alabama,",
"title": "Wilson Pickett"
},
{
"id": "5529159",
"text": "The Dance (song) \"The Dance\" is a song written and composed by Tony Arata, and recorded by American country music singer Garth Brooks as the tenth and final track from his self-titled debut album, from which it was also released as the album's fourth and final single in April 1990. It is considered by many to be Brooks' signature song. In a 2015 interview with Patrick Kielty of BBC Radio 2, Brooks credits the back to back success of both \"The Dance\" and its follow up \"Friends in Low Places\" for his phenomenal success. At the opening of the music",
"title": "The Dance (song)"
},
{
"id": "10473581",
"text": "retitled or dropped. \"Come Back Running\" was recorded as a demo version, but it was never released. An additional title, written by Ballard and Clarkin, was published around this time called \"Dancing With The Devil\"; if this song was recorded, it has yet to be released. The rest of the band flew to Los Angeles in 1990 to record \"Goodnight L.A.\" at Olsen's studios. The album was originally titled \"Born to Be King\" but was eventually named after the studio. Three singles were planned. \"Rockin’ Chair\" was released first, followed by \"Heartbroke and Busted\"; the third single, \"No Way Out\",",
"title": "Goodnight L.A."
},
{
"id": "12970620",
"text": "the single appeared twice on Mediabase's weekly Taking Off airplay chart, which lists \"the Top 50 currents by most new spins, showing detections for the first time.\" The track reached #77 on the Mediabase Hot AC chart, and #65 on the Adult Contemporary chart. In 2011, the band released a six-song EP called \"Introducing The Empty Pockets\". \"Take Me,\" one of the songs released on \"Introducing The Empty Pockets\", was featured in the award-winning documentary, \"Patrol Base Jaker\". That same year, the band revisited holiday music with a five-song album entitled \"A Holiday Staycation with The Empty Pockets\". In 2015,",
"title": "The Empty Pockets"
},
{
"id": "19013591",
"text": "next year, when \"Just One More,\" which would peak at #2 after release in September 1956. The song became one of Jones' greatest early hits, being covered by multiple artists since. \"You Never Thought\" was recorded in April 1957 and is the last track on the album to be recorded (ca. April 1957). \"Take the Devil Out Of Me\" was recorded in January 1957 alongside \"Cup of Loneliness,\" which became his most well known gospel recording during the 50's. \"Ragged But Right\" is one Jones' best known songs. Although it didn't chart, the song would become a live favorite and",
"title": "14 Top Country Song Favorites"
},
{
"id": "4486882",
"text": "Rodney Jerkins Rodney Jerkins (born July 29, 1977), also known by his stage name Darkchild, is an American record producer, rapper, and songwriter. He has collaborated with a broad range of popular artists, including Ashanti, Janet Jackson, Jason Neubauer, Beyoncé, Mary J. Blige, Mariah Carey, Whitney Houston, Britney Spears, Rihanna, Lady Gaga, Michael Jackson, Patti LaBelle, Brandy, Aaliyah, Ariana Grande, Justin Bieber, Luther Vandross, Jennifer Lopez, Toni Braxton, Destiny's Child, Spice Girls, and The Pussycat Dolls. Songs and albums which Jerkins has produced have sold over 160 million records worldwide. Jerkins has also won four Grammy Awards. Among his most",
"title": "Rodney Jerkins"
},
{
"id": "1682840",
"text": "Canada. In the United States, nearly 40,000 units were sold in its first week. The second week after it was released, it charted at No. 39 in both the United States and Canada. Other Top 200 debuts around the world include a No. 117 in the United Kingdom and No. 154 in Japan. In 2011, The Devil Wears Prada's album \"Dead Throne\" charted at No. 10 in the Billboard 200. In 2015, August Burns Red was given \"Best Metal Performance\" at the Grammys for their song \"Identity\", off their \"Found in Far Away Places\" album. In its 2006 in Review",
"title": "Christian metal"
},
{
"id": "14686108",
"text": "Billboard 200 chart and at #6 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart. The album's lead single \"The Devil in Stitches\" enjoyed some success on the charts, reaching #39 on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks, while it reached #38 on the Rock Songs chart. The Dissent of Man The Dissent of Man is the fifteenth album by the Californian punk rock band Bad Religion, which was released on September 28, 2010. It is their first album in three years, following the release of \"New Maps of Hell\" in 2007. The band commenced writing new material in 2008, but would not begin",
"title": "The Dissent of Man"
},
{
"id": "18328671",
"text": "Manson. \"The Devil Down Below\" has also been included on DyingScene.com's free compilation album \"Skaface: Evolution\", alongside The Mad Caddies, Big D and The Kids Table, Mustard Plug and The Resignators. The Brass Action released their second album, No Soundcheck, in 2015. Their first Single off the album, \"Moonlite\" was released in 2014, and tracks \"Nothing to See Here\" and \"Good Intentions, Wong Direction\" were included on subsequent volumes of an, independently released, compilation album series entitled \"Pacific Sound System\". The compilation album series features a collection of bands from the Pacific Northwest region of North America, such as The",
"title": "The Brass Action"
},
{
"id": "1692047",
"text": "Jacobs spent most of his youth in Tampa, Florida and New York City. Founded in 1987, the group's image was originally more militant, and was intended to be a tribute to social activists The Black Panthers. However, when Public Enemy became a prominent band, Jacobs chose to take the image in a more whimsical direction. \"Sex Packets\", the group's debut album, was released in the spring of 1990 following the success of its two lead off singles. First came \"Doowutchyalike,\" a moderate club hit, followed by the more successful song \"The Humpty Dance\", a humorous dance number that reached #11",
"title": "Digital Underground"
},
{
"id": "5841268",
"text": "the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of 500,000 copies. Another track from the album, \"Hummingbird\", was later recorded by Ricky Skaggs on his 1989 album \"Kentucky Thunder\", and was a top 20 country hit for him in 1990. Tom Roland of \"Allmusic\" wrote that \"[t]he guys found their niche with this project. Big, overpowering sound, heavy backbeats, and very tight harmonies are here.\" The band's third album, \"Big Dreams in a Small Town\", came in 1988. From it came two more number ones: \"The Bluest Eyes in",
"title": "Restless Heart"
},
{
"id": "14702812",
"text": "Van Halen's 1978 single \"Runnin' with the Devil,\" and was created by Hydra Head without Torche's knowledge. Roth's vocal track was leaked online in 2008, and has since become an Internet meme as various mashups with other famous songs have been posted on the web. The version of \"U.F.O.\" on \"Songs for Singles\" doesn't feature Roth's vocals. The song was also released as a stand-alone digital single on August 24, 2010, featuring similar cover art to \"Songs for Singles\". A music video for the single directed by Andrew Cox was released on October 11, 2010. \"Songs for Singles\" was posted",
"title": "Songs for Singles"
},
{
"id": "17337439",
"text": "Suego Faults Suego Faults is the debut studio album by British band Wolf Gang. The album was released on 25 July 2011 in the United Kingdom and as a digital album on 20 December 2011, in the United States. The album included the singles \"Lions in Cages,\" \"The King and All of His Men\" and \"Dancing with the Devil.\" All of the album's tracks were written by Wolf Gang's songwriter and lead vocalist, Max McElligott. \"Suego Faults\" was produced by Dave Fridmann. \"Suego Faults\" generally received positive reviews from critics. Duncan Gillespie of \"NME\" gave the album an 8 out",
"title": "Suego Faults"
},
{
"id": "20158217",
"text": "programmed the track and provided additional vocals with Furner, Tizzard and Preston. Clapping was provided by Furner and Preston while Tizzard played piano. Tizzard and McVey play guitar on the track. The song was performed by The Vamps on their Middle of the Night Tour, alongside Carpenter, who toured together with them as a supporting act. Recording and management Personnel Credits adapted from \"Night & Day\" and Tidal liner notes. Hands (Mike Perry song) \"Hands\" is a song by Swedish DJ Mike Perry, featuring British band The Vamps and American singer Sabrina Carpenter. It was released on 19 May 2017",
"title": "Hands (Mike Perry song)"
},
{
"id": "11331347",
"text": "\"One Man Band (Plays All Alone)\", which reached number 28 on the Hot 100 and number 15 on the R&B chart, and \"Just Don't Want to Be Lonely\" peaking at number 60 on the Hot 100 and number 29 on the R&B chart. These appeared on an album which was also made up of re-mixes of some earlier recordings, including \"When You Get Right Down To It\". Dyson remained with Columbia working with top-line producers for another three albums, \"The More You Do It\" (1976), \"Love in All Flavors\" (1977) and \"If The Shoe Fits\" (1979). The title track of",
"title": "Ronnie Dyson"
},
{
"id": "5373339",
"text": "\"Shapes of Things to Come\" without lyrics) with lead vocals by Paul Wibier (who also wrote a majority of the songs on the album). The music is high-energy rock with some psychedelic touches. The group was produced by Harley Hatcher and Eddie Beram for Mike Curb Productions. Their first single was recorded with Curb's Tower subsidiary Sidewalk Records. Subsequent singles were taken from their album. Their final single, \"Sittin' in Circles,\" was performed in the film \"Three in the Attic\" by Davie Allan and the Arrows. The B-side of that single, \"Paxton Quigley's Had The Course,\" was a Chad &",
"title": "Max Frost and the Troopers"
},
{
"id": "12268249",
"text": "the track selection; the album includes songs that by 1981 already had become standards in Midler's repertoire such as her signature tune \"Friends\", \"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy\", \"Delta Dawn\" and \"Do You Want To Dance\" and combines these with ten tracks taken from her then three most recent albums; a) the disco-flavoured \"Thighs and Whispers\" (1979) and the two hit singles \"Married Men\" and \"My Knight In Black Leather\", b) the soundtrack \"The Rose\" (1980) and live recordings like \"When A Man Loves A Woman\", \"Midnight In Memphis\" and \"Love With A Feeling\" (the latter two never issued as singles)",
"title": "The Best of Bette (1981 album)"
},
{
"id": "1527599",
"text": "include \"Delta Fever\" and the horror film \"Cheerleader Camp\". He played a deranged murderer who was in love with his sister in \"Party Line\". In late 1976, Garrett signed a five album recording contract with Atlantic Records, released a single called \"Come Back When You Grow Up,\" and recorded his first album early in 1977, \"Leif Garrett\". The album was released in July 1977, and his first four singles charted modestly on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. All of these hits were covers of late 1950s and early 1960s hits such as \"Runaround Sue\" and \"The Wanderer.\" In mid-1978 he",
"title": "Leif Garrett"
},
{
"id": "19803494",
"text": "Records in 2008. In 2012, Wax Records entered an exclusive partnership with Universal Music Group. Appleby received a SOCAN award for pop song of the year in 2012 for his songwriting on Alyssa Reid's \"Alone Again\" CRIA certified double platinum (3 million sold), and again in 2015 for Virginia to Vegas' record \"We Are Stars\" CRIA certified platinum. Appleby also wrote the 2017 releases Virginia to Vegas – Lights Out, CRIA certified platinum, and Virginia to Vegas – Selfish, CRIA certified platinum. Both singles were Billboard Top 10 charting radio singles. He also co-wrote Alyssa Reid's 2017 hit, Badlands, released",
"title": "Jamie Appleby"
},
{
"id": "4455608",
"text": "Ivan Lins Ivan Guimarães Lins (born June 16, 1945) is a Latin Grammy-winning Brazilian musician. He has been an active performer and songwriter of Brazilian popular music (MPB) and jazz for over thirty years. His first hit, \"Madalena\", was recorded by Elis Regina in 1970. \"Love Dance\", a hit in 1989, is one of the most recorded songs in musical history. His songs have been covered by Patti Austin, David Benoit, George Benson, Michael Bublé, Eliane Elias, Ella Fitzgerald, Dave Grusin, Shirley Horn, Quincy Jones, Steve Kuhn, the Manhattan Transfer, Sérgio Mendes, Jane Monheit, Mark Murphy, Carmen McRae, Joe Pass,",
"title": "Ivan Lins"
},
{
"id": "4043535",
"text": "Eric Clapton singles discography The singles discography of Eric Clapton consists of 24 early career singles that Clapton recorded with various bands and artists including The Yardbirds, John Mayall & the Blues Breakers, Cream, John Lennon and the Plastic Ono Band as well as Derek and the Dominos. As a solo artist, Clapton released 91 singles and various promotional formats from 1970 to date. His commercially most successful singles are \"Lay Down Sally\", \"Wonderful Tonight\", \"Change the World\", \"Tears in Heaven\" and the cover of Bob Marley's \"I Shot the Sheriff\", released in 1974, that actually outplayed the original release,",
"title": "Eric Clapton singles discography"
},
{
"id": "13619361",
"text": "Love Stinks (song) \"Love Stinks\" is a song written by Peter Wolf and Seth Justman that was the title track of the J. Geils Band's 1980 album \"Love Stinks\". The song was released as a single and peaked in the US at #38, spending three weeks in the Top 40. In Canada, the song reached number 15. Joan Jett covered the song for the soundtrack of the 1996 movie \"Mr. Wrong\". The song was also featured in the film \"Opie Gets Laid\". It was also covered by Adam Sandler in the movie \"The Wedding Singer\" and by Himalayaz with Ms.",
"title": "Love Stinks (song)"
},
{
"id": "7487797",
"text": "Hit & Run Music Publishing Hit & Run Music Publishing in the United Kingdom founded in 1977 by Tony Smith and Jon Crawley. Hit & Run's clients include Phil Collins, Genesis, Brand X, Mike & the Mechanics and Kula Shaker, among others. The company owned publishing rights to such songs as the 1991 Grammy Award winning \"Record of the Year\", \"Another Day in Paradise\", \"In the Air Tonight\", \"I Can't Dance\" and \"Invisible Touch\". EMI bought a majority stake in the company in 1999 for the US$19 million. Smith remains the chairman of the company. The company has since expanded",
"title": "Hit & Run Music Publishing"
},
{
"id": "19348860",
"text": "record played at the opening of Studio 54 on April 26, 1977, by DJ Richie Kaczor. The instrumental portions of \"Devil's Gun\" were featured prominently in the International version of \"Crocodile\". It was also featured in the film \"The Real Bruce Lee\", In 2016 the song was rediscovered due to its inclusion in \"The Get Down\" soundtrack, so once again In 2017 it was featured in the film \"BORG Vs McENROE\"on General release in the UK and Europe and due out in 2018 in the USA. The songs latest inclusion will be in the documentary being made of \"Studio 54\"",
"title": "Devil's Gun"
},
{
"id": "12176561",
"text": "Billy Dean discography Billy Dean is an American country music artist. His discography comprises eight studio albums, five compilation albums, 28 singles, and three guest singles. His first three studio albums — \"Young Man\", \"Billy Dean\" and \"Fire in the Dark\" — are all certified gold by the RIAA, as is his 1994 \"Greatest Hits\" album. Dean's highest-charting solo singles in the U.S. all peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts: \"Only Here for a Little While\", \"Somewhere in My Broken Heart\", and \"If There Hadn't Been You\". The latter and its followup, \"Tryin' to Hide",
"title": "Billy Dean discography"
},
{
"id": "6182464",
"text": "Dobie Gray Dobie Gray (born Lawrence Darrow Brown; July 26, 1940 – December 6, 2011) was an American singer and songwriter, whose musical career spanned soul, country, pop, and musical theater. His hit songs included \"The 'In' Crowd\" in 1965 and \"Drift Away\", which was one of the biggest hits of 1973, sold over one million copies, and remains a staple of radio airplay. He was born near Houston, Texas. His birth name was most likely Lawrence Darrow Brown, listed in Fort Bend County birth records as being born in 1940 to Jane and Jethro C. Brown. Other sources suggest",
"title": "Dobie Gray"
},
{
"id": "9224316",
"text": "gospel song \"Crying in the Chapel\" had been recorded during the sessions for \"His Hand in Mine\", this five-year-old track going to number three and selling a million copies as a single in 1965. Chart positions for singles taken from \"Billboard\" Pop Singles chart. Elvis' Gold Records Volume 4 Elvis' Gold Records Volume 4 is a greatest hits album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley, issued by RCA Victor in mono and stereo, LPM/LSP 3921, in January 1968, with recording sessions taking place over an eight-year span at RCA Studio B in Nashville, Tennessee, and at RCA Studios and",
"title": "Elvis' Gold Records Volume 4"
},
{
"id": "5116030",
"text": "of Pain for their breakthrough single \"Jump Around\" in 1992. Harlem Shuffle \"Harlem Shuffle\" is an R&B song written and originally recorded by the duo Bob & Earl in 1963. In 1986 it was covered by The Rolling Stones on their album \"Dirty Work\". The original single, co-arranged by Barry White and Gene Page, peaked at #44 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and #36 on the \"Cash Box\" chart. The record was a commercial failure when first released in the UK in 1963, but on reissue in 1969 peaked at #7. It was released on Marc Records, a subsidiary",
"title": "Harlem Shuffle"
},
{
"id": "5016202",
"text": "Award for Best Song of 1980. The song also reached #14 in the UK Singles Chart and #23 in Australia. He also wrote and composed, often in collaboration with Maria Hegsted, songs for other films including the NBC \"Movies of the Week\" \"Vestige Of Honor\" and \"Can You Feel Me Dancing,\" in addition to such feature films as \"Night Of The Comet\" and \"State Park\". Pace remains involved with music, and he now lives in North Idaho. Thom Pace Thomas Michael Pace (born January 13, 1949 in Boise, Idaho) is an American singer-songwriter, who is best known for the song",
"title": "Thom Pace"
},
{
"id": "18015539",
"text": "Released as a single to promote the soundtrack album, the song was a minor hit, reaching #16 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. It was subsequently covered by numerous artists, including Sammy Davis Jr., Jack Jones, Bobby Sherman, Sarah Vaughan, and Australian pop singer Dave Allenby. In 1977, the song was performed by Muppet gingerbread men on Episode #201 of \"The Muppet Show\". The film's opening theme song, \"Nobody Knows\", also composed by Legrand/ Bergman/ Bergman and performed in the film by Richie Havens, has also been covered a number of times, including by Natalie Cole, Lena Horne, Jack Jones,",
"title": "The Magic Garden of Stanley Sweetheart"
},
{
"id": "9103179",
"text": "producer Jack Douglas (John Lennon, Aerosmith, the New York Dolls) and engineer Stephen Marsh (Jeff Beck, Muddy Waters) on the critically heralded \"Shakin' In The Barn\", which was followed up by the grittier, more Southern-leaning \"Let’s Get Lit With... The Mojo Gurus\". Their new album \"Who Asked Ya?\" features the track \"Where You Hidin' Your Love\", which was mixed by Tommy Henriksen (Lou Reed, Alice Cooper). Mojo Gurus The Mojo Gurus are an American rock band from St. Petersburg, Florida. The lineup consists of Kevin Steele (lead vocals, harmonica), Doc Lovett (guitar, vocals), Vinnie Granese (bass, vocals) and Sean Doyle",
"title": "Mojo Gurus"
},
{
"id": "4163836",
"text": "Calm Animals Calm Animals is the fifth studio album by British new wave band The Fixx, released in 1988. The single \"Driven Out\" gave them a #1 song on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in early 1989, and reached #55 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Additionally, the single \"Precious Stone\" reached the top 25 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart later that year. All songs are written by Cy Curnin, Adam Woods, Jamie West-Oram, Rupert Greenall, and Dan K. Brown, except where noted. <nowiki>*</nowiki> bonus track on 2001 CD re-issue Album - Billboard (North America) Singles - Billboard (North America)",
"title": "Calm Animals"
},
{
"id": "4163837",
"text": "Calm Animals Calm Animals is the fifth studio album by British new wave band The Fixx, released in 1988. The single \"Driven Out\" gave them a #1 song on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in early 1989, and reached #55 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Additionally, the single \"Precious Stone\" reached the top 25 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart later that year. All songs are written by Cy Curnin, Adam Woods, Jamie West-Oram, Rupert Greenall, and Dan K. Brown, except where noted. <nowiki>*</nowiki> bonus track on 2001 CD re-issue Album - Billboard (North America) Singles - Billboard (North America)",
"title": "Calm Animals"
},
{
"id": "18586880",
"text": "Monstercat Monstercat (formerly known as Monstercat Media) is a Canadian independent electronic dance music record label based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Founded in 2011 by Mike Darlington and Ari Paunonen, the label released music on a tri-weekly basis until 2018, when this was changed to four releases a week. The label holds prominence for the 2016 release of the song \"Alone\" by American DJ Marshmello, which reached Platinum status in the United States and Canada in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Monstercat Media was founded on 1 July 2011 by Mike Darlington and Ari Paunonen, two college students out of Waterloo,",
"title": "Monstercat"
},
{
"id": "5143623",
"text": "22-20s 22-20s were an English blues rock band, formed in 2002 in Sleaford, Lincolnshire. The band originally disbanded in December 2005 before reforming in 2008 and releasing \"Shake/Shiver/Moan\" in 2010 and \"Got It If You Want It\" in 2012. They disbanded for a second time in early 2013. The band's songs have regularly featured in adverts and films, most notably \"Devil in Me\" which was featured on the Vauxhall Astra television commercial in early 2016 and later a commercial for the Racing Post. They have also featured on numerous high-profile soundtracks, including the Guy Ritchie film, \"RocknRolla\", London Boulevard, Cry",
"title": "22-20s"
},
{
"id": "13573100",
"text": "Been Around the World \"Been Around the World\" is a 1997 single from the Puff Daddy album \"No Way Out\", featuring The Notorious B.I.G. and Mase. The song samples David Bowie's 1983 hit song \"Let's Dance\", and contains an interpolation of Lisa Stansfield's song \"All Around the World\", sung by The Notorious B.I.G. in the chorus. In the album version, the song concludes with a skit featuring an interview with \"The Mad Producer\". The song was released as a single on December 2, 1997; it was the fourth single released from the album. Like the previous three singles, which all",
"title": "Been Around the World"
},
{
"id": "4582379",
"text": "Ruth Etting Ruth Etting (November 23, 1897 – September 24, 1978) was an American singing star and actress of the 1920s and 1930s, who had over 60 hit recordings and worked in stage, radio, and film. Known as \"America's sweetheart of song\", her signature tunes were \"Shine On, Harvest Moon\", \"Ten Cents a Dance\" and \"Love Me or Leave Me\". Her other popular recordings included \"Button Up Your Overcoat\", \"Mean to Me\", \"Exactly Like You\" and \"Shaking the Blues Away\". As a young girl in Nebraska, Etting had wanted to be an artist; she drew and sketched everywhere she was",
"title": "Ruth Etting"
},
{
"id": "19387200",
"text": "Petrol Blue, Sexx, Awake, and Twisted Autumn Darkness. Dan Finch Daniel John Finch (born 21 December 1977) is a metal vocalist and guitarist. He is currently in The Dead Soul Communion and The Devils Music. Finch has also released a number of sample and loops packages. He grew up in Lowestoft, Suffolk. He has one daughter Alice Grace Finch who was born on 31 December 2011. Finch was the founding member of Devilment which he formed in 2011. But songs were written as far back as 2001, when the band was called Brutal Grooves Inc. Finch first big break was",
"title": "Dan Finch"
},
{
"id": "3661099",
"text": "Jerry Knight Jerry Ernest Knight (April 17, 1952 — December 29, 1996) was an American R&B vocalist and bassist who reached prominence in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Along with Ray Parker Jr., he was a founding member of the group Raydio, singing vocals on their early hit \"Jack and Jill.\" He then left to pursue a solo career, releasing three solo albums and achieving moderate success with minor hits such as \"Overnight Sensation,\" \"Perfect Fit\" and \"Turn It Out\". A Los Angeles native, in 1983, Knight teamed with session drummer Ollie E. Brown to form Ollie & Jerry.",
"title": "Jerry Knight"
},
{
"id": "2538802",
"text": "in 2004 while they were nominated for a Rock Artist of the Year Billboard Music Award in 2005. The Billboard Music Awards were awarded annually by \"Billboard\" magazine. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. The Kerrang! Awards are awarded annually by \"Kerrang! Magazine\". The Radio Music Awards were awarded annually honoring the most successful songs on mainstream radio. Velvet Revolver Velvet Revolver was an American hard rock supergroup consisting of Guns N' Roses members Slash (lead guitar), Duff McKagan (bass, backing vocals), and former member Matt Sorum (drums, backing vocals), alongside",
"title": "Velvet Revolver"
},
{
"id": "16081442",
"text": "John Cann and keyboard player Vincent Crane. The band subsequently recorded the \"Death Walks Behind You\" album in September of that year, followed by the hit singles \"Tomorrow Night\" and \"Devil's Answer\". After the recording of \"In Hearing of Atomic Rooster\" in the summer of 1971, Hammond left the band along with Cann. Parnell subsequently rejoined the band as drummer. Hammond and Cann joined forces with singer Al Shaw and bass guitarist John Gustafson to form Daemon, later changing the name to Bullet, and then Hard Stuff. Hammond recorded two albums with Hard Stuff before the band split up in",
"title": "Paul Hammond (musician)"
},
{
"id": "5332202",
"text": "signed with the Christian label Centricity Music. On October 21, 2008, Peterson released \"Resurrection Letters, Volume Two\", a collection of songs about what the resurrection of Jesus Christ means for people today. The album reached No. 9 on \"Billboard\"'s Top Christian Albums chart. In August 2010 Peterson released \"Counting Stars\", which debuted at No. 7 on \"Billboard\"s Top Christian Albums chart. His single from the album, \"Dancing in the Minefields\", reached No. 13 on \"Billboard\"s Top Christian Songs chart and stayed on the chart for 19 weeks. On August 24, 2012 Andrew released the album \"Light for the Lost Boy\"",
"title": "Andrew Peterson (musician)"
},
{
"id": "6669358",
"text": "died in 2016. \"As the World Falls Down\" was considered for a Christmas 1986 single release, but was canceled. \"Magic Dance\" was released as the second single from the soundtrack to limited countries in January 1987. All tracks by Bowie All other Instrumental versions are slightly longer, backing-tracks only except on the back of the promo 12-inch single. Underground (David Bowie song) \"Underground\" is a song written and recorded by David Bowie for the soundtrack of the film \"Labyrinth\". It reached No. 21 in the UK Singles Chart. Bowie and producer Arif Martin recorded \"Underground\" at Atlantic Studios in New",
"title": "Underground (David Bowie song)"
},
{
"id": "1355447",
"text": "in September 1990 he performed \"Sussudio\" at the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards in Los Angeles. He also played drums on the 1989 Tears for Fears hit single, \"Woman in Chains\". After a hiatus of five years, Genesis reconvened for the 1991 album release \"We Can't Dance\", Collins's last studio album with the group to date. It became the band's fifth consecutive No. 1 album in the UK and reached No. 4 in the U.S., where it sold over 4 million copies. It features the singles \"Jesus He Knows Me\", \"I Can't Dance\", \"No Son of Mine\", and \"Hold on",
"title": "Phil Collins"
},
{
"id": "4468537",
"text": "in 2015. The latest album \"Little Army\" was released on Cadence Music in 2017. The band gave their fans an exclusive behind the scenes look into the making of the album, in real time, and includes #1 hit single 'Devil's On Fire\"'.\" Dillon's first large screen acting role was in director Bruce McDonald's 1995 film \"Dance Me Outside\". He then played a leading role as Joe Dick in McDonald's 1996 feature film, \"Hard Core Logo\". Dillon appeared in a number of further feature films, including \"Lone Hero\", 2005's \"Assault on Precinct 13\", and \"\". In 2007 he was nominated for",
"title": "Hugh Dillon"
},
{
"id": "1708149",
"text": "(of Judas Priest) for a track called \"Light Comes Out of Black\". Darrell played all the guitar parts, Rex Brown played the bass, Vinnie Paul played the drums, Rob Halford sang lead vocals, and Philip Anselmo sang backing vocals. This song was released on the \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" soundtrack on July 28, 1992. In 1996, Darrell contributed the Ace Frehley song \"Fractured Mirror\" to the Ace tribute album \"Spacewalk: A Salute To Ace Frehley\". Then, in 1997, a new Ace Frehley tribute album called \"Return Of The Comet: A Tribute to Ace Frehley\" was released. The Abbott brothers covered",
"title": "Dimebag Darrell"
},
{
"id": "3879272",
"text": "and Dani Blooms. In 1996, the song was covered by Battery for the electro-industrial various artists compilation \"Operation Beatbox\" and their 1996 album, \"Distance\". American post-hardcore band In Fear And Faith covered the song in 2008. Austrian melodic death metal band Artas covered the song in 2008 on the album \"The Healing\". In 2014 post-hardcore band Falling in Reverse covered the song for the compilation album Punk Goes 90s Vol. 2. The video included an appearance by Coolio. In 2015 Postmodern Jukebox produced a version in a 1920s jazz style. That same year, New Zealand hard rock band Like a",
"title": "Gangsta's Paradise"
},
{
"id": "7043062",
"text": "first North American cover of the song by The Guess Who was released in the spring of 1965 and reached #1 in Canada, #22 in the US and #27 in Australia. In Australia, Normie Rowe's 1965 version reached #1 as a double A-side with \"Que Sera Sera\" and became one of the biggest-selling Australian singles of the decade. The musicians who performed on the recording were Johnny Kidd (vocals), Alan Caddy (guitar), Brian Gregg (bass), Clem Cattini (drums) and Joe Moretti (lead guitar). Kidd was quoted as saying: When I was going round with a bunch of lads and we",
"title": "Shakin' All Over"
},
{
"id": "4230612",
"text": "You Get\" peaking at No.33 in the national chart and \"Save a Little Bit\". Goldsmith co-wrote and recorded \"You Got Me Dancing\" with the American producer Jaee Logan for his second album, \"Don't Turn This Groove Around\", which was also released by RCA Records. The single was released in 1989 featuring M.C. Hammer. It was Hammer's first release in the UK. Hammer also appeared in Glen Goldsmith's music video for this song. Goldsmith's career then moved more into songwriting and production where he published his own work. He worked alongside Ollie Jay and Philip Jacobs during the 1990s. Several songs",
"title": "Glen Goldsmith"
},
{
"id": "19348861",
"text": "due soon. Devil's Gun \"Devil's Gun\" is a 1977 song by C. J. & Company from the album of the same name. Along with the tracks \"We Got Our Own Thing\" and \"Sure Can't Go to the Moon\", the song went to number one for five weeks on the \"Billboard\" disco/dance chart. The single also peaked at #36 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #2 on the R&B chart. \"Devil's Gun\" was written by Barry Green (also known as Barry Blue), Ron Roker, and Gerry Shury and produced by Mike Theodore and Dennis Coffey. The song is notable for being",
"title": "Devil's Gun"
},
{
"id": "3797825",
"text": "Run for Cover (Gary Moore album) Run for Cover is the fifth solo studio album by Irish guitarist Gary Moore, released in 1985. It is often considered his breakthrough album. The album includes the top 5 single \"Out in the Fields\" and a re-recording of the song \"Empty Rooms\", originally from Moore's previous album \"Victims of the Future\", which became one of Moore's biggest solo successes, reaching No. 23 on the UK charts. The album features many of Moore's musical friends, including Deep Purple bassist/vocalist Glenn Hughes, Paul Thompson of Roxy Music and Phil Lynott from Thin Lizzy. Lynott and",
"title": "Run for Cover (Gary Moore album)"
},
{
"id": "5662401",
"text": "her album \"Wicked Little High,\" and it was written for the 2005 film \"Crash\". \"In the Deep\" was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, with York performing the song live at the 78th Academy Awards in 2006. Her other music credits include the main theme song of the Sony Picture \"Seven Pounds,\" as well as featured song placements in \"American Idol\", \"Nip/Tuck\", \"\", \"In Justice\", \"Warehouse 13\", \"House\", \"Army Wives\" and \"So You Think You Can Dance.\" Her earlier releases include the self-titled \"Bird York.\" Her EP \"Have No Fear\" was released independently in 2008. Kathleen York",
"title": "Kathleen York"
},
{
"id": "13894721",
"text": "band released a new song as a single in October 2009 as a digital download and 7\" vinyl. \"Double Negative\" is backed by a cover version of \"Note in His Pockets\" by The Good Life. The Good Life is a side project for Cursive frontman and main songwriter Tim Kasher. Also to coincide with the start of the Bloctober tour, another Murderer remix was made available free from the band's website: \"Murderer (Gavron remix)\". 1. The Shadow Committee 2. D.I.L.E.M.M.A 3. Murderer 4. The Vague Archive 5. Broken Wing 6. Relentless Fours 7. Inkjet Lakes 8. Polar Swelling 9. Rosa",
"title": "Grammatics discography"
},
{
"id": "13704072",
"text": "comes from Humphrey Bogart and the 1946 classic film \"The Big Sleep\". The lines \"Pump up the volume\" and \"Dance to the record\" are sampled from Eric B. & Rakim's own song \"I Know You Got Soul\", also from \"Paid in Full\". Other sample sources present in the remix include an anonymous James Brown, Don Pardo, the Peech Boys and the Salsoul Orchestra.The song is believed to be the first hip hop record which layers singing over a drumbeat. \"Paid in Full\" received acclaim from music critics, who complimented the song's lyrics and production. \"Rolling Stone\" magazine named \"Paid in",
"title": "Paid in Full (Eric B. & Rakim song)"
},
{
"id": "5406924",
"text": "Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s) for \"Drops of Jupiter\". Paul Buckmaster Paul John Buckmaster (13 June 1946 – 7 November 2017) was a Grammy Award-winning British artist, arranger, conductor and composer. He is best known for his orchestral collaborations with David Bowie, Elton John, Harry Nilsson, The Rolling Stones, Carly Simon, Shawn Phillips and Miles Davis in the 1970s, followed by his contributions to the recordings of many other artists, including Stevie Nicks, Lionel Richie, Celine Dion, Carrie Underwood, Kenny Rogers, Guns N’ Roses, Taylor Swift, Train, and Heart. Paul Buckmaster was born in London on 13 June 1946. His",
"title": "Paul Buckmaster"
},
{
"id": "1455519",
"text": "his tour bus, where he recorded much of his second album. In 1989, Hammer was featured on \"You've Got Me Dancing\" (with Glen Goldsmith), which appeared on the Glen Goldsmith album \"Don't Turn This Groove Around\" (RCA Records). The track was Hammer's first release in the UK. Hammer also appeared in Glen Goldsmith's music video for this song. The single failed to chart. Notorious for dissing rappers in his previous recordings, Hammer appropriately titled his third album (and second major-label release) \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\", which was released February 12, 1990 (with an original release date of January 1,",
"title": "MC Hammer"
},
{
"id": "12650066",
"text": "January 2018 at Chelsea & Westminster Hospital. Tony Calder Tony Calder (27 June 1943 – 2 January 2018) was an English record manager, impresario, talent-spotter, promoter and public relations agent. He was Andrew Loog Oldham's business partner from 1963 to December 1969. During a career spanning over 50 years he was instrumental in promoting a number of successful songs in the UK Singles Chart, including the Rolling Stones \"Little Red Rooster\" and \"Paint It, Black\", the Small Faces \"Itchycoo Park\", Amen Corner's \"(If Paradise Is) Half as Nice\", Eddy Grant’s \"I Don't Wanna Dance\" and Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers",
"title": "Tony Calder"
},
{
"id": "20520959",
"text": "Lee Hooker's 100th birthday anniversary in 2017, Misty Love joined drummer Muruga Booker, Rock & Roll Hall of Fame inductee guitarist J.C. \"Billy\" Davis, P-Funk guitarist Tony \"Strat\" Thomas, and bassist John Sauter to form the \"Booker Blues All-Stars\", and released a CD called \"Booker Plays Hooker\". Misty Love is a recipient of one gold record, eleven platinum record, and ten diamond record awards for singing on the hit CD, \"Devil Without A Cause\" with Kid Rock. Misty also received a platinum CD for singing behind Kid Rock and Sheryl Crow on their 2003 hit song \"Picture\". Misty love performed",
"title": "Misty Love"
},
{
"id": "5070141",
"text": "a deal between Lightning Records and WEA and topped the UK reggae album chart in September 1978, this chart run lasting for five months. In August 1978, Brown returned to the UK, bringing Junior Delgado with him, and DEB Music released a series of singles, although they sold moderately compared to the label's earlier successes, but in the same month, Brown's breakthrough single was first released. Initially released as a discomix featuring a new version of \"Money in my Pocket\" and the deejay version \"Cool Runnings\" by Price Mohamed, which became unavailable for a time after quickly selling out its",
"title": "Dennis Brown"
},
{
"id": "5143645",
"text": "rest of the band in December 2017, Hare responded that \"there may have been some contact with the others recently\". 22-20s 22-20s were an English blues rock band, formed in 2002 in Sleaford, Lincolnshire. The band originally disbanded in December 2005 before reforming in 2008 and releasing \"Shake/Shiver/Moan\" in 2010 and \"Got It If You Want It\" in 2012. They disbanded for a second time in early 2013. The band's songs have regularly featured in adverts and films, most notably \"Devil in Me\" which was featured on the Vauxhall Astra television commercial in early 2016 and later a commercial for",
"title": "22-20s"
},
{
"id": "19496044",
"text": "James Ledger James Ledger (born 1966) is an Australian composer of contemporary classical music, and senior lecturer in composition at the Conservatorium of Music at the University of Western Australia. Ledger first rose to prominence with his first orchestral composition \"Indian Pacific\" in 1996, which is still regularly performed in Australia. Ledger is also known for his compositions \"Devils in the Underground\" for solo trumpet, the violin concerto \"Golden Years\", \"Chronicles\" for orchestra, \"War Music\" for choir & orchestra, and the song cycle \"Conversations with Ghosts\" in collaboration with the musician Paul Kelly, for which he won an ARIA award.",
"title": "James Ledger"
},
{
"id": "4009252",
"text": "by that late date). In 1999 Paul McCartney cut a hard-rocking version on the album \"Run Devil Run\", while his surviving former bandmates of The Quarrymen recorded it in 2004 on \"Songs We Remember\". In 1991, Billy Joel recorded the song for the movie \"Honeymoon in Vegas\", which also featured other Elvis Presley songs by various artists. It was released as a single and peaked at No. 92 in the US and No. 27 in the UK. Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey included a strongly derivative piece, \"All Choked Up,\" as part of the original version of the musical \"Grease\".",
"title": "All Shook Up"
},
{
"id": "12798505",
"text": "Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1964 Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1964 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1988, featuring ten hit recordings from 1964. The album includes four songs that reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. The remaining six tracks each reached the Hot 100's Top 5. In 1993, the album was re-issued and replaced two chart toppers (\"Do Wah Diddy Diddy\" & \"Rag Doll\") with two other songs, \"Chapel of Love\" (another Hot 100 chart topper) and the Top 5 hit \"Under the Boardwalk.\" Absent from the track lineup were songs by The Beatles,",
"title": "Billboard Top Rock'n'Roll Hits: 1964"
},
{
"id": "1848145",
"text": "During his career, Vandross sold over 35 million records worldwide, and received eight Grammy Awards including Best Male R&B Vocal Performance four different times. He won a total of four Grammy Awards in 2004 including the Grammy Award for Song of the Year for a song recorded not long before his death, \"Dance with My Father\". Luther Ronzoni Vandross, Jr. was born on April 20, 1951, at Bellevue Hospital, in the Kips Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. He was the fourth child and second son of Mary Ida Vandross and Luther Vandross, Sr. His father was an upholsterer",
"title": "Luther Vandross"
},
{
"id": "4595139",
"text": "released to critical acclaim following the release of several singles. The album was nominated for Best Alternative Music Album and the song \"Tonite\" won Best Dance Recording at the 2018 Grammy Awards, earning the band their first ever Grammy win. The band performed three songs live at Electric Lady Studios as part of a Spotify Singles release, released on September 12, 2018, with the songs being \"Tonite\", \"Home\" (from \"This Is Happening\"), and a cover of the Chic song \"I Want Your Love\". Later, on November 2, the band released a cover of the Heaven 17 song \"(We Don't Need",
"title": "LCD Soundsystem"
},
{
"id": "8561171",
"text": "most notably Aswad in 1988, Ace of Base in 1994 and Milow in 2017. This song was also recorded by Soul Artist Luther Ingram and released in 1987 as a 45 on the Profile Label in the US. British reggae group Aswad heard Luther Ingram's version and made a cover of it. It was released on February 10, 1988 and went to number one on the UK Singles Chart in March 1988. It also reached number 45 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs in the US that same year. In 1993, Swedish pop group Ace of Base recorded a minor",
"title": "Don't Turn Around"
},
{
"id": "12970617",
"text": "placed on the Nickelodeon TV channel's programs iCarly, Zoey 101 and Drake & Josh. As part of that release, the band promoted the single \"Fall Right Now\" to medium and secondary markets and it reached #11 on the FMQB AC chart. The album's single, \"Fall Right Now\" is said to be inspired by Erika Brett. The band also recorded an acoustic version of the song at Sweetwater Studios included with a second previously unrecorded song called \"Leaving Jackson\" on WAJI's annual charity CD, a fundraising project for Riley Children's Hospital, with other notable artists including Ingrid Michaelson, Gavin DeGraw, Uncle",
"title": "The Empty Pockets"
},
{
"id": "13616358",
"text": "Too Stuffed to Jump Too Stuffed to Jump is the second album by American country rock group the Amazing Rhythm Aces, released in 1976 on the ABC label. Most of the material was composed by the group's lead singer Russell Smith. \"Too Stuffed to Jump\" reached #16 on the US country chart and #157 on the Billboard albums chart. The single \"The End Is Not in Sight (The Cowboy Tune)\" reached #12 on the country chart, and #42 on the pop chart. \"Dancing the Night Away\" was later covered by Crystal Gayle on her 1979 album \"Miss the Mississippi\". \"The",
"title": "Too Stuffed to Jump"
},
{
"id": "15048753",
"text": "Bob Frank Robert Landis Frank (born February 26, 1944) is an American musician, singer/songwriter and composer. His debut self-titled record was issued on Vanguard Records in 1972 to critical acclaim and is a collectors item that was reissued on Light in the Attic in 2014. He has recorded and toured with Memphis singer/songwriter John Murry, shared a stage with Gus Cannon, Jimmy Driftwood, Lightning Hopkins, Tim Buckley and Townes Van Zandt, and was a paid songwriter for Tree Publishing. He currently lives in El Sobrante, California. Frank's 20th century version of the late Middle English classic, \"A Lytell Geste of",
"title": "Bob Frank"
},
{
"id": "10492196",
"text": "US \"Billboard\" R&B and dance charts during 1977. The song would reach number 1 in New Zealand. The single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The song has been covered many times by artists such as KC and the Sunshine Band, Will to Power, 911 and The Weather Girls. British boy-band Blue also performed the song in their live shows. The song made an appearance in the films \"Eyes of Laura Mars,\" \"Summer of Sam\" and \"The Stud\", though it was not featured in the 1997 film \"Boogie Nights\", the title of which was named",
"title": "Boogie Nights (song)"
},
{
"id": "18319776",
"text": "Francis Valentino Francis Valentino (born May 30, 1988 in Long Branch, NJ ) is an American Drummer who consistently performs, records and tours nationally & internationally with a variety of artists. In 2006, Francis joined New Jersey rock band Outside The Box which achieved local and regional notoriety by performing with or opening for acts such as Buddy Guy, Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes, Gov't Mule, Blues Traveler, Counting Crows, Johnny Winter, Josh Kelley, Ryan Cabrera, Jesse Malin, Willie Nile, The Smithereens, James Otto and many more.. The band was also named the \"house band\" and The Stone Pony",
"title": "Francis Valentino"
}
] | who sang if the devil danced in empty pockets |
|
| [
{
"id": "9708601",
"text": "Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game Wilt Chamberlain set the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association (NBA) by scoring 100 points for the Philadelphia Warriors in a 169–147 win over the New York Knicks on March 2, 1962, at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey, Pennsylvania. It is widely considered one of the greatest records in basketball. Chamberlain set five other league records that game including most free throws made, a notable achievement, as he was regarded as a poor free throw shooter. The teams broke the record for most combined points in a game (316). That season, Chamberlain averaged a",
"title": "Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game"
},
{
"id": "804098",
"text": "highest average for a career (27.4) while Bryant has the highest points scored in a single game (81). Baylor, Bryant and West hold the top five single season scoring averages, with Bryant occupying the numbers one (35.4) and four (31.6) spots, while Baylor has the second (34.8), and third (34.0), and West the fifth (31.3). The Lakers hold several NBA records as a team including most consecutive games won overall (33) and most consecutive road games won (16) both of which came during the 1971–72 season. Highest field-goal percentage for a season at 54.5% (1984–85), and highest road winning percentage",
"title": "Los Angeles Lakers"
},
{
"id": "803400",
"text": "Seattle SuperSonics. It was the third-most points scored for a regulation game in NBA history (The Nuggets and the Pistons hold the spot for most combined points scored in a game which was over 360 points total.) They finished the 2007–08 NBA season with exactly 50 wins as well as finishing the first half of that season 25–16 (50–32 overall record, tied for the third-best all-time Nuggets record since the team officially joined the NBA in 1976), following a 120–111 home victory over the Memphis Grizzlies in the last game of the season. It was the first time since the",
"title": "Denver Nuggets"
},
{
"id": "3543286",
"text": "the Knicks' franchise record, and the Madison Square Garden record for single-game scoring with a 62-point, 13-rebound, 0 turnover effort against the Charlotte Bobcats. On January 30, 2014, in a 117-86 victory against the Cleveland Cavaliers, Anthony became the 50th NBA player to score 19,000 career points. In doing so at the age of 29 years and 246 days old, Anthony became the 5th-youngest NBA player to achieve the feat, only beaten by LeBron James (27 years and 111 days), Kobe Bryant (28 and 223), Michael Jordan (29 and 62) and Wilt Chamberlain (29 and 75). On February 5, 2014,",
"title": "Carmelo Anthony"
},
{
"id": "3950959",
"text": "about this in his memoir \"Calling the Shots\", called Havlicek's reaction one of the greatest plays he ever saw in his 32 years as a professional official. Havlicek is the Celtics' all-time leader in points and games played, scoring 26,395 points (20.8 points per game, 13th all-time in points scored in the NBA), and playing in 1,270 games (17th all-time). He became the first player to score 1,000 points in 16 consecutive seasons, with his best season coming during the 1970–71 NBA season when he averaged 28.9 points per game. Havlicek shares the NBA Finals single-game record for most points",
"title": "John Havlicek"
},
{
"id": "803911",
"text": "along with a future second-round pick, to the Dallas Mavericks in exchange for a future conditional second-round pick. Veteran power forward David West signed with the Warriors, as did free-agent center Zaza Pachulia. The Warriors posted many notable achievements during the 2016–17 regular season. On November 7, 2016, Stephen Curry set the NBA record for most 3-pointers in a game with 13, in a 116–106 win over the Pelicans. On December 5, 2016, Klay Thompson scored 60 points in 29 minutes, in a 142–106 victory over the Pacers. In doing so, Thompson became the first player in NBA history to",
"title": "Golden State Warriors"
},
{
"id": "15158451",
"text": "the Western Conference Finals. The season was highlighted by Tom Chambers setting a franchise record for points scored in one game, when on February 18, he scored 56 points on the road against Golden State Warriors. Just over a month later, he would break his own record when he scored 60 against Seattle SuperSonics on March 24. Chamber's record would be broken by Devin Booker on March 24th 2017 by scoring 70 points against the Boston Celtics. Last season's Most Improved Player Kevin Johnson was selected to the 1990 NBA All-Star Game along with Chambers. It was his first All-Star",
"title": "1989–90 Phoenix Suns season"
},
{
"id": "14819865",
"text": "against the Memphis Grizzlies. Davis joined Shaquille O'Neal and Chris Webber as the only NBA players with 50 points and 20 rebounds in a game since 1983. Davis also became just the 20th player in NBA history to score at least 59 points in a game, and became the youngest player in NBA history to score 59 points in a game, and the second youngest (behind Bob McAdoo) to record 50 points and 20 rebounds in a game. The 59 points was an NBA-wide season high at the time. The total was not surpassed until the final night of the",
"title": "Anthony Davis"
},
{
"id": "1833219",
"text": "scored a season-high 38 points, including 14 of the team's 18 points in the last 5:02 of the game, for a 119–115 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves. The win ended a 10-game losing streak, and the Lakers averted establishing the longest losing streak in franchise history. Bryant became just the fourth NBA player over 37 years old to log at least 35 points, five rebounds, and five assists in a game. Bryant was the leading overall vote-getter for the 2016 All-Star Game with 1.9 million votes, ahead of Stephen Curry's 1.6 million. Having moved to small forward that season, Bryant",
"title": "Kobe Bryant"
},
{
"id": "18586293",
"text": "1999–2000 season. His streak ended at 16 after scoring just 14 points on February 6 against the New Orleans Pelicans. On March 24, Booker became the sixth player in NBA history to score 70 points in a game, accomplishing the feat in the Suns' 130–120 loss to the Celtics at TD Garden. Booker joined Wilt Chamberlain, David Robinson, David Thompson, Elgin Baylor and Kobe Bryant as players to reach 70 in one game. It was the 11th 70-point game in NBA history. Booker finished 21-of-40 shooting overall, including 4-of-11 on 3-pointers, and 24-of-26 from the free throw line. He added",
"title": "Devin Booker"
},
{
"id": "1833172",
"text": "Bryant averaged 43.4 points per game, the eighth highest single month scoring average in NBA history and highest for any player other than Chamberlain. By the end of the 2005–06 season, Bryant set Lakers single-season franchise records for most 40-point games (27) and most points scored (2,832). He won the league's scoring title for the first time by averaging 35.4 points per game, becoming just the fifth player in league history to average at least 35 in a season. Bryant finished in fourth place in the voting for the 2006 NBA Most Valuable Player Award but received 22 first place",
"title": "Kobe Bryant"
},
{
"id": "14334643",
"text": "a 114–109 win over the New York Knicks. Hayward averaged a career high in points per game, improving his points per game for a sixth straight season. On January 26, 2017, Hayward was selected to the 2017 NBA All-Star Game by the vote of Western Conference coaches. On February 9, 2017, Hayward scored a season-high 36 points in a 112–105 overtime loss to the Dallas Mavericks. On March 2, 2017, Hayward scored a career-high 38 points in a 107–100 loss to the Indiana Pacers. Hayward set a new career high on April 7, 2017, scoring 39 points in a 120–113",
"title": "Gordon Hayward"
},
{
"id": "11904500",
"text": "Basketball Association as one of its greatest games, took place between the Philadelphia Warriors and the New York Knicks on March 2, 1962, at Hersheypark Arena in Hershey, Pennsylvania. The Warriors won the game, 169–147, setting what was then a record for the most combined points in a game by both teams. But the game is most remembered for the 100 points scored by Warriors center Wilt Chamberlain, who set the NBA single-game scoring record. The next leading scorer for Philadelphia was Phil Attles with 17 points. The Knicks leading scorer was Guerin with 39 points. In that game, Chamberlain",
"title": "1961–62 Philadelphia Warriors season"
},
{
"id": "4847394",
"text": "Frank Selvy Franklin Delano Selvy (born November 9, 1932) is a former National Basketball Association (NBA) basketball player who is best known for holding the record for the most points (100) in a Division I college basketball game. Born in Corbin, Kentucky, Selvy was an All-State basketball player at Corbin High School and was a teammate of College Football Hall of Fame inductee Roy Kidd. Selvy is best remembered for scoring 100 points in a college game for Furman University against Newberry College on February 13, 1954, the only NCAA Division I player ever to do so. (Jack Taylor of",
"title": "Frank Selvy"
},
{
"id": "3130574",
"text": "Most notably, Chamberlain is the only player in NBA history to average more than 50 points in a season and score 100 points in a single game (both in 1961–62 as a member of the Philadelphia Warriors). He also holds the NBA's all-time records for rebounding average (27.2), rebounds in a single game (55), and career rebounds (23,924). A lesser-known center of the era was Nate Thurmond, who initially played the forward position opposite Wilt Chamberlain for the San Francisco Warriors but moved to center after Chamberlain was traded to the new Philadelphia franchise. Although he never won a Championship,",
"title": "Center (basketball)"
},
{
"id": "223641",
"text": "defeating Boston in 1987, and Detroit in 1988. The Lakers lost to the Pistons in a four-game sweep in his final season. At the time of his retirement, Abdul-Jabbar held the record for most games played by a single player in the NBA; this would later be broken by Robert Parish. He also was the all-time record holder for most points (38,387), most field goals made (15,837), and most minutes played (57,446). Since 2005, Abdul-Jabbar has served as a special assistant coach for the Lakers. He had been interested in coaching since his retirement, and given the influence that he",
"title": "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar"
},
{
"id": "274542",
"text": "Finals-winning shot against the Jazz, he was well known throughout the league as a clutch performer. In the regular season, Jordan was the Bulls' primary threat in the final seconds of a close game and in the playoffs; he would always ask for the ball at crunch time. Jordan's total of 5,987 points in the playoffs is the second-highest in NBA history. He retired with 32,292 points in regular season play, placing him fourth on the NBA's all-time scoring list behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Karl Malone, and Kobe Bryant. With five regular-season MVPs (tied for second place with Bill Russell—only Kareem",
"title": "Michael Jordan"
},
{
"id": "6346567",
"text": "being traded to the Phoenix Suns. Buechler ended his career with a short stint with the Orlando Magic, and he retired in 2002 with 2,385 total points, 560 total assists, and 1,266 total rebounds. As of late 2010, he was the all-time NBA leader in \"trillions\"—games in which he had played for at least a minute without getting anything for the stat sheet, resulting in a number followed by 12 zeroes—with 55. Buechler was also an All-American volleyball player at Arizona, earning the nickname \"The Judge\". Jud Buechler Judson Donald Buechler (born June 19, 1968) is an American retired professional",
"title": "Jud Buechler"
},
{
"id": "3543384",
"text": "game of scoring in double figures in a double overtime thriller against the Chicago Bulls, in which he scored the game-winning three-point basket to secure a 130–127 win. Wade finished with 48 points on 71.4% shooting, 12 assists, 6 rebounds, 4 steals and 3 blocks in 50 minutes. According to the Elias Sports Bureau, Wade joined Wilt Chamberlain as the only other player in NBA history to score that many points and have that many assists in a game, while having as high of a field goal percentage. Two games later, Wade surpassed Alonzo Mourning and became the Heat's all-time",
"title": "Dwyane Wade"
},
{
"id": "17103967",
"text": "prior team record of 163. Stephen Curry added 26 points for the West, and teammates Anthony Davis scored 24 on 12-of-13 shooting and Kevin Durant tallied 23. The East's Paul George scored 41, which tied Westbrook's total from 2015 and was one short of Wilt Chamberlain's record. LeBron James totaled 13 points for a career record of 291 to pass Bryant, who retired with 290. Westbrook became the first player in All-Star history to win consecutive MVPs outright. Bob Pettit is the other player to have won back-to-back awards, winning in 1958 and sharing it with Elgin Baylor in 1959.",
"title": "2016 NBA All-Star Game"
},
{
"id": "223617",
"text": "reached the NBA Finals 10 times. At the time of his retirement in 1989, Abdul-Jabbar was the NBA's all-time leader in points scored (38,387), games played (1,560), minutes played (57,446), field goals made (15,837), field goal attempts (28,307), blocked shots (3,189), defensive rebounds (9,394), career wins (1,074), and personal fouls (4,657). He remains the all-time leader in points scored and career wins. He is ranked third all-time in both rebounds and blocked shots. In 2007, ESPN voted him the greatest center of all time, in 2008, they named him the \"greatest player in college basketball history\", and in 2016, they",
"title": "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar"
},
{
"id": "1877493",
"text": "He was also responsible for several rule changes, including widening the lane from 12 to 16 feet, as well as changes to rules regarding inbounding the ball and shooting free throws. Chamberlain is most remembered for his 100-point game, which is widely considered one of basketball's greatest records. Decades after his record, many NBA \"teams\" did not even average 100 points as fewer field goals per game were being attempted. The closest any player has gotten to 100 points was the Los Angeles Lakers' Kobe Bryant, who scored 81 in 2006. Bryant afterwards said Chamberlain's record was \"unthinkable ... It's",
"title": "Wilt Chamberlain"
},
{
"id": "803200",
"text": "when Jared Sullinger and two second-round picks were traded for PJ Tucker. During the 2017 NBA Playoffs, the third-seeded Raptors defeated the Milwaukee Bucks during the first round 4–2, but lost to the defending champions Cavaliers in the second round 4–0. On January 1, 2018, DeMar DeRozan scored a franchise-record 52 points to help the Raptors beat the Milwaukee Bucks 131–127 in overtime, matching the team record with their 12th consecutive home victory. DeRozan became the third player in Raptors history to score 50 or more in a single game—the others being Vince Carter and Terrence Ross, who each had",
"title": "Toronto Raptors"
},
{
"id": "3543293",
"text": "December 31, 2016 where he scored only 7 points, after sitting out the second half of the game due to a sore left knee, he had a total of 23,199 points. In a January 11, 2017, game against the Philadelphia 76ers, which the team lost 98-97 on a buzzer-beater, Anthony scored 28 points to move past Robert Parish into 26th place in the NBA career scoring ladder. On January 19, 2017, Anthony scored a Knicks-record 25 points in the second quarter, breaking the old record of 24 points shared by Hall of Famer Willis Reed and Allan Houston. Reed scored",
"title": "Carmelo Anthony"
},
{
"id": "9708648",
"text": "the Milwaukee Bucks 171–166 in triple overtime on March 6, 1982, for a total of 337 points. That record was broken more quickly as the Detroit Pistons defeated the Denver Nuggets 186–184 (also in triple overtime) on December 13, 1983, for 370 points. Pomerantz wrote in his 2005 book that the lack of videotape of the 100-point game \"only added to its mystique.\" For a while, NBA Commissioner David Stern's office phone would play Campbell's call of the 100-point basket to callers on hold: \"He made it! He made it! He made it! A Dipper Dunk!\" Kerry Ryman, who was",
"title": "Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game"
},
{
"id": "18864046",
"text": "win the biggest upset in NBA history. On March 7, the Warriors won their 45th-straight regular season home game over the Orlando Magic, eclipsing the 1995–96 Chicago Bulls 44 wins in a row, to claim the NBA record. Stephen Curry became the first player in NBA history to score 300 three-pointers in a single season. In a 128–112 win over the Portland Trail Blazers on March 11, both teams combined for 37 made three-pointers (18 by the Warriors, 19 by the Blazers), an all-time NBA record. With a Los Angeles Clippers' loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers on March 13, the",
"title": "2015–16 Golden State Warriors season"
},
{
"id": "2726716",
"text": "NBA game, tying him with A. C. Green for 25th on the NBA's career list. He also became the 24th player in NBA history to surpass 24,000 career points. On November 8, he scored 20 points against the Denver Nuggets and became the oldest player in the NBA to post a 20-point game since Michael Jordan scored 25 for the Washington Wizards in April 2003, at age 40. It was also Carter's first 20-point game since April 30, 2014. On November 12, Carter made seven field goals against the Milwaukee Bucks to pass Gary Payton (8,708) for 21st in NBA",
"title": "Vince Carter"
},
{
"id": "9708605",
"text": "in his career. He was closing in on 4,000 points for the season, needing 237 more; no other player had ever scored 3,000 points at that point. On December 8, 1961, in a triple overtime game versus the Los Angeles Lakers, he set a new NBA record by scoring 78 points, breaking the record of 71 previously set by Elgin Baylor. Legendary Laker broadcaster Chick Hearn often told the story that after the game, he asked Baylor if it bothered him that Chamberlain had an extra 15 minutes to break the record. According to Hearn, Baylor said he wasn't concerned",
"title": "Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game"
},
{
"id": "1877390",
"text": "in scoring, rebounding, and durability categories. He is the only player to score 100 points in a single NBA game or average more than 40 and 50 points in a season. He won seven scoring, eleven rebounding, nine field goal percentage titles and led the league in assists once. Chamberlain is the only player in NBA history to average at least 30 points and 20 rebounds per game in a season, which he accomplished seven times. He is also the only player to average at least 30 points and 20 rebounds per game over the entire course of his NBA",
"title": "Wilt Chamberlain"
},
{
"id": "1662234",
"text": "very small group of players to have scored over 20,000 career points in the NBA, as well as being one of only four players to have recorded a quadruple-double (with 34 points, 10 rebounds, 10 assists, and 10 blocks against the Detroit Pistons on February 17, 1994). He is also one of only six players to record 70 or more points in a single game. Robinson scored 71 points against the Los Angeles Clippers on April 24, 1994. Only Elgin Baylor (71 points), Wilt Chamberlain (70, 72, 73 twice, 78, 100 points), David Thompson (73 points), Devin Booker (70 points),",
"title": "David Robinson (basketball)"
},
{
"id": "2726714",
"text": "a 117–116 triple overtime win over the San Antonio Spurs. Carter moved into 25th in all-time NBA scoring during the game, passing Robert Parish (23,334). Carter appeared in just one of the Grizzlies' first 12 games of the 2015–16 season. On February 24, 2016, with nine points scored against the Los Angeles Lakers, Carter passed Charles Barkley (23,757) for 24th in career points scored. Two days later, he scored a season-high 19 points in a 112–95 win over the Lakers. For the latter half of April and the whole first round playoff series against the Spurs, Carter was inserted in",
"title": "Vince Carter"
},
{
"id": "19517180",
"text": "win 30 road games in back-to-back seasons, joining the 1995–96 and 1996–97 Chicago Bulls. Stephen Curry set numerous three-point NBA records this season; including most three-pointers made in a single game with 13 and most consecutive games (regular-season and postseason combined) with a made three-pointer with 196. Curry also surpassed 300 three-pointers in the regular-season for the second time in NBA history; he finished with 324. Draymond Green won the Defensive Player of the Year Award at the NBA Awards, the first time a Warrior has won it. Kevin Durant won the NBA Finals MVP award, the third time a",
"title": "2016–17 Golden State Warriors season"
},
{
"id": "18010217",
"text": "31 points and 12 rebounds in a 105–84 loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder. On 30 October 2017, he scored a career-high 38 points in a 116–110 win over the Denver Nuggets. Less than a week later, on 5 November, Porziņģis set a new career high with 40 points in a 108–101 win over the Indiana Pacers. He became the first player in the NBA since 1983–84 to post at least 40 points, five rebounds, five blocks and make two 3-pointers. Porziņģis was subsequently named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played from Monday, 30 October through Sunday,",
"title": "Kristaps Porziņģis"
},
{
"id": "16984845",
"text": "field. Minnesota went 2–1 on the week, highlighted by wins over the NBA's #1 seed (Golden State) and the West's #5 seed (L.A. Clippers). On April 11, 2017, he had 26 points and 12 rebounds in a 100–98 loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder. Towns surpassed Kevin Love during the game to set a franchise record for points in a season. Towns made NBA history in 2016–17 by becoming the only player to have at least 2,000 points (2,061), 1,000 rebounds (1,007) and 100 3-pointers (101) in a season. On November 15, 2017, Towns had 26 points and 16 rebounds",
"title": "Karl-Anthony Towns"
},
{
"id": "19118000",
"text": "2016–17 NBA season The 2016–17 NBA season was the 71st season of the National Basketball Association. The regular season began on October 25, 2016, with the 2016 NBA champion Cleveland Cavaliers hosting a game against the New York Knicks. The 2017 NBA All-Star Game was played at the Smoothie King Center in New Orleans, Louisiana, on February 19, 2017, with the West defeating the East 192–182. Anthony Davis of the New Orleans Pelicans was named the All Star Game MVP after breaking Wilt Chamberlain's record by scoring 52 points in the All Star Game. The original host of the game,",
"title": "2016–17 NBA season"
},
{
"id": "14819870",
"text": "Minnesota on November 23. On February 19, 2017, playing on his team's home floor for the NBA All-Star Game, Davis notched 52 points and 10 rebounds, breaking Wilt Chamberlain's previous All-Star record high of 42 points, and also won the game's Most Valuable Player award. On March 11, 2017, Davis scored 46 points and grabbed 21 rebounds in a 125–122 overtime win over the Charlotte Hornets. On March 31, 2017, Davis had 19 points, 12 rebounds and five blocks in a 117–89 win over the Sacramento Kings. During the game, Davis became the first player in Pelicans history to reach",
"title": "Anthony Davis"
},
{
"id": "12897759",
"text": "Sacramento, Mario Chalmers had a career-high 10-triples, tying Brian Shaw's record for most three pointers in a single game. Four days later against Golden State, LeBron James became the youngest player in NBA history to score 20,000 career-points and made his 5,000th career assist. On February 3, 2013 (Day of Super Bowl XLVII), the Heat embarked on a winning streak, after winning over the Toronto Raptors. Eight days later against Portland, LeBron James broke Moses Malone and Adrian Dantley's record of six straight 30 point games on 60% shooting. The 117-104 win was also the Heat's 1000th regular season win",
"title": "History of the Miami Heat"
},
{
"id": "18586294",
"text": "eight rebounds and six assists in 45 minutes. Booker, 20, became the youngest player to score 70 (or even 60) points in a game. He had the highest-scoring game in the NBA since Bryant scored 81 in January 2006. The Suns' previous scoring record was held by Tom Chambers—he had 60 points on March 24, 1990. With 21 points against Dallas on April 9, Booker passed Kobe Bryant to move into fourth place on the NBA scoring list of players before their 21st birthday with 2,774 points, trailing only Carmelo Anthony, Kevin Durant and leader LeBron James. Booker ended the",
"title": "Devin Booker"
},
{
"id": "11678290",
"text": "become all-Americans for Lamar, while Clarence would go on to play professionally in the NBA. The 1979 Cardinal Basketball team set records when it beat Portland State University 141–84; at the time, that game set an NCAA record for points in a single game. During the game, Mike Olliver set the single game scoring record at Lamar with 50 points; that record stood until January 4, 2011, when reserve guard Mike James scored 52 points in 28 minutes in a 114–62 win over Division III Louisiana College. As of January 5, 2011, James's performance is the top single-game scoring performance",
"title": "Lamar Cardinals and Lady Cardinals"
},
{
"id": "8043045",
"text": "working out with Pete Newell during the off-seasons, which Short later claimed help improve his shooting skills significantly. During a November 17, 1984 game against the New Jersey Nets, Short scored a career high 59 points during a 131-114 loss. He hit 20 of 28 field goal attempts and 15 free throws. At the time, only nine other players had scored more points in one game, and it was the most points scored in the NBA since David Thompson and George Gervin scored 73 and 63 points respectively on April 9, 1978. Excluding Wilt Chamberlain's many games of 60 or",
"title": "Purvis Short"
},
{
"id": "9708651",
"text": "Naulls wrote, \"Wilt had rung the bell of freedom loud and clear, shouting, 'Let my people be free to express themselves.' For we were and will be for all time those who withstood the humiliation of racial quotas even to the point of the NBA's facing extinction because of retarded expression and stagnating growth.\" Source <br> Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game Wilt Chamberlain set the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association (NBA) by scoring 100 points for the Philadelphia Warriors in a 169–147 win over the New York Knicks on March 2, 1962, at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey,",
"title": "Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game"
},
{
"id": "6786839",
"text": "league record, offset his dismal percentage from the foul line. The 76ers also had three other players around the 20 point-per-game mark this year in Hal Greer with 22 points, Chet Walker and Billy Cunningham, both with 19 points. All four players combined won a league-record 68 games together under Hannum's watch. The team scored a record 125 points per game, leading all teams in shooting accuracy. The 76ers started the season at 46–4, still the best 50 game start in league history. They finished the season at 68–13, the best record in league history at the time. The Boston",
"title": "1966–67 NBA season"
},
{
"id": "7524277",
"text": "a career-high 25 assists in a 128–113 win over the Brooklyn Nets. He broke Chris Paul's mark with his 22nd assist and became just the seventh player in NBA history to reach 25 assists in a game, joining Scott Skiles, John Stockton, Jason Kidd, Kevin Johnson, Nate McMillan and Isiah Thomas. On January 8, 2018, Rondo had 12 points and 15 assists in a 112–109 win over the Detroit Pistons. He had nine of his assists in the first quarter, tying a franchise record. On February 10, 2018, he recorded 25 points, 12 assists and 10 rebounds in a 138–128",
"title": "Rajon Rondo"
},
{
"id": "4847402",
"text": "Later, Selvy was employed for 25 years with the St. Joe Paper Company. Frank Selvy Franklin Delano Selvy (born November 9, 1932) is a former National Basketball Association (NBA) basketball player who is best known for holding the record for the most points (100) in a Division I college basketball game. Born in Corbin, Kentucky, Selvy was an All-State basketball player at Corbin High School and was a teammate of College Football Hall of Fame inductee Roy Kidd. Selvy is best remembered for scoring 100 points in a college game for Furman University against Newberry College on February 13, 1954,",
"title": "Frank Selvy"
},
{
"id": "16923049",
"text": "but he did not feel right taking out Taylor after his consecutive three-pointer streak. Taylor was the third player to score one hundred or more points in an NCAA game, joining Francis and Frank Selvy. He was also the first college or pro player to surpass the high school record of 135 set by Danny Heater in 1960. National Basketball Association (NBA) players, including Bryant and LeBron James, expressed amazement at Taylor's 138 points. Players mentioned him on Twitter, and his name was a trending topic. Highlights of Taylor were shown on almost every major channel, and newspapers nationwide covered",
"title": "Jack Taylor (basketball)"
},
{
"id": "1877418",
"text": "of the NBA's greatest on-court rivalries of all time. Nevertheless, the two also became friends off the court, similar to later rivals Magic Johnson and Larry Bird. In his first NBA season, Chamberlain averaged 37.6 points and 27 rebounds, convincingly breaking the previous regular-season records. He needed only 56 games to score 2,102 points, which broke the all-time regular season scoring record of Bob Pettit, who needed 72 games to score 2,101 points. Chamberlain broke eight NBA records, and was named NBA MVP and Rookie of the Year that season, a feat matched only by fellow Hall-of-Famer Wes Unseld in",
"title": "Wilt Chamberlain"
},
{
"id": "18128410",
"text": "points on January 17, 2016 in a loss to the San Antonio Spurs. On March 28, 2016, Powell made his first NBA start and scored a career-high 16 points in a 97–88 win over the Denver Nuggets. On July 8, 2016, Powell re-signed with the Mavericks. On December 3, 2016, he set a new career high with 17 points in a 107–82 win over the Chicago Bulls. On April 9, 2017, he scored 21 points against the Phoenix Suns. On January 3, 2018, Powell tied his career high with 21 points in a 125–122 loss to the Golden State Warriors.",
"title": "Dwight Powell"
},
{
"id": "5362575",
"text": "points a game. He scored a then-record 113 in a single game, eclipsed in 2012 by Grinnell's Jack Taylor's 138 points against Faith Baptist Bible. Francis still holds the top two scoring averages in NAIA history, along with many NCAA records. Bevo Francis, teammate Al Schreiber, and his coach Newt Oliver later signed with Boston Whirlwinds, a barnstorming team that played against the Harlem Globetrotters. He was subsequently drafted by Philadelphia of the NBA, but opted to return home to his wife and family. Francis died on June 3, 2015, due to complications of esophageal cancer in Highlandtown, Ohio. Bevo",
"title": "Bevo Francis"
},
{
"id": "9708639",
"text": "per game. He scored a record 4,029 points, more than the division-winning Warriors in 1947–48 scored as a team. He played in a record 3,882 minutes—including every minute of 79 (a record) of 80 games. He averaged 48.5 minutes per game. An NBA game is 48 minutes, but Chamberlain played in 10 overtime periods in seven games. He was second in the league in field goal percentage at .506 and made 61 percent of his free throws, a career high. The Warriors finished the season with a 49–31 record. They lost in the conference finals of the playoffs to the",
"title": "Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game"
},
{
"id": "1662242",
"text": "season: Only player in NBA history to rank among the top seven players in the league in five statistics in the same season: Highest field goal percentage in a game (minimum 8 made): 1.000 (8—8), vs. Phoenix Suns, (OT) Part of second trio of players in NBA history to score 30 or more points in the same game: San Antonio Spurs (130) vs. Golden State Warriors (121), Personal fouls, quarter: 4 (1991) In addition to his lengthy NBA career, Robinson is also noted for his charitable work. In 1991, Robinson visited with fifth graders at Gates Elementary School in San",
"title": "David Robinson (basketball)"
},
{
"id": "11332929",
"text": "winning percentage was the all-time worst mark in the NBA until the 2011–12 Charlotte Bobcats finished with a .106 winning percentage, whilst their −12.1 points per game point differential has been underdone only by the 2011–12 Bobcats (−13.9 points per game) and the 1992–93 Dallas Mavericks (−15.2 points per game). Only six seasons earlier, the 76ers had set the NBA record for most wins in a season and the highest winning percentage. The Sixers ownership offered the head coaching job to Marquette University head coach Al McGuire, and former University of Kentucky head coach Adolph Rupp, who was seventy years",
"title": "1972–73 Philadelphia 76ers season"
},
{
"id": "19423251",
"text": "J. R. Smith had 15 points, all on 5-of-9 from three-point range, including a deep shot from 30 feet in the second quarter to beat the shot clock buzzer. Kevin Durant scored 35 points to lead the Warriors, but their other three superstars were held to under 20 points each as Stephen Curry, Klay Thompson, and Draymond Green managed 14, 13, and 16 points respectively. Cleveland trails the Finals, 3–1, as the series shifts back to Oakland. Game 4 was also notable for a number of testy incidents. As the teams prepared for a jump ball with 1:56 left in",
"title": "2017 NBA Finals"
},
{
"id": "11333128",
"text": "foul line. The 76ers also had three other players around the 20-point-per-game mark that season in Hal Greer with 22 points, and Chet Walker and Billy Cunningham, both with 19 points. The four players combined won a then-league-record 68 games together under Hannum's watch. The team averaged a record 125 points per game, leading all teams in shooting accuracy. The 76ers started the season at 46–4, which remains the best 50-game start in the NBA history (tied in 2016). They finished the season at 68–13, the best record in league history at the time. In the first round of the",
"title": "1966–67 Philadelphia 76ers season"
},
{
"id": "1833137",
"text": "Heat. Bryant became the cornerstone of the Lakers, and he led the NBA in scoring during the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons. In 2006, he scored a career-high 81 points against the Toronto Raptors, the second most points scored in a single game in league history behind Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game in 1962. Bryant was awarded the regular season's Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) in 2008. After losing in the 2008 NBA Finals, he led the Lakers to two consecutive championships in 2009 and 2010, earning the Finals MVP Award on both occasions. He continued to be among the top players",
"title": "Kobe Bryant"
},
{
"id": "5571988",
"text": "Erving (won MVP awards in both the ABA and NBA), Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (6 time MVP), Magic Johnson (3 time MVP), Larry Bird (3 time MVP), Michael Jordan (6 time finals MVP), John Stockton (#1 in career assists and steals), Karl Malone (14 time all NBA team), Kobe Bryant (NBA's third all-time leading scorer), Tim Duncan (15-time NBA all-star), Shaquille O'Neal (3 time finals MVP) and Jason Kidd (#2 in career assists and steals). Notable players in the NBA today include LeBron James (4 MVP awards), Stephen Curry (2 time MVP), Dwyane Wade (10 time all-star), and Kevin Durant (MVP, 4",
"title": "Sports in the United States"
},
{
"id": "12413342",
"text": "games, averaging 22.4 points, 4.9 rebounds, 3.4 assists and 1.4 steals per game. On May 18, 2017, DeRozan was named in the All-NBA Third Team for the first time in his career. On November 3, 2017, DeRozan scored 37 points in a 109–100 win over the Utah Jazz, with 17 points and his third career four-point play coming in the third quarter. On December 13, 2017, he matched his season high with 37 points in a 115–109 win over the Phoenix Suns. On December 21, 2017, he set a career high with 45 points in a 114–109 win over the",
"title": "DeMar DeRozan"
},
{
"id": "2397325",
"text": "21st straight regular-season win at home against the Kings. Nowitzki hit a jumper from just inside the three-point line early in the fourth quarter to pass Olajuwon at No. 9, and he finished the night at 26,953 career points. Six days later, Nowitzki became the fourth player in NBA history to eclipse 27,000 career points with the same franchise, joining a prestigious group that includes Michael Jordan, Karl Malone and Kobe Bryant. On December 26 against the Los Angeles Lakers, Nowitzki passed Elvin Hayes for eighth place on the NBA's all-time scoring list. He went on to pass Moses Malone",
"title": "Dirk Nowitzki"
},
{
"id": "8725298",
"text": "reached several historical milestones together, including becoming the first pair of teammates to each score at least 40 points in a single game since 1996, doing so in a win over the Orlando Magic on October 30. On April 11, Durant scored 34 points against the Lakers, setting an NBA record for consecutive games scoring 20 or more points with 64. For the year, Durant averaged 28.2 points, 8.2 rebounds, 5 assists, and 1.2 blocks per game, leading the Thunder to 55 wins and the third seed in the West. In Game 2 of the first round of the playoffs",
"title": "Kevin Durant"
},
{
"id": "3543296",
"text": "Kevin Love on the 2017 NBA All-Star Game, thus gaining his tenth All-Star appearance. Anthony played 19 minutes, scored 10 points on 4-8 FG shooting including 2-6 on 3-PT and grabbed 3 rebounds in the All-Star Game. On March 12, 2017, in a 120–112 loss to Knicks cross-town rivals Brooklyn Nets, Anthony became only the third player to score 10,000 points for two franchises, joining Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Milwaukee Bucks and L.A. Lakers) and Elvin Hayes (San Diego/Houston Rockets and Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets). He began his career with the Denver Nuggets, where he scored a total of 13,970 points in 564 games.",
"title": "Carmelo Anthony"
},
{
"id": "14622995",
"text": "City Thunder in order to sign a 2-year contract with the Golden State Warriors. On July 7, Durant signed his contract, which gave the Warriors a fourth All-NBA player on their team. The Durant signing made the Warriors the prohibitive favorites to win the NBA championship, according to oddsmakers. The Warriors posted many notable achievements during the 2016–17 regular season. On November 7, 2016, Stephen Curry set the NBA record for most 3-pointers in a game with 13, in a 116–106 win over the Pelicans. On December 5, 2016, Klay Thompson scored 60 points in 29 minutes, in a 142–106",
"title": "History of the Golden State Warriors"
},
{
"id": "14819871",
"text": "2,000 points in a season. Following the season, he edged out Rudy Gobert as the center on the All-NBA first team. He was also named to the NBA All-Defensive Second Team for the second time. On November 22, 2017, Davis had 29 points and 11 rebounds in a 107–90 win over the San Antonio Spurs. He finished the game with 7,938 career points, moving him into second in franchise history ahead of Chris Paul (7,936). He was subsequently named the Western Conference Player of the Week for games played from November 20–26. Davis led the Pelicans to a 3–1 week",
"title": "Anthony Davis"
},
{
"id": "18905177",
"text": "36 points (9-14 3FG) and a game-high 11 assists in Team World's 150–139 victory over Team USA. On April 7, 2017, he scored a career-high 30 points in a 122–106 win over the New Orleans Pelicans. At the season's end, he was named to the NBA All-Rookie Second Team. On November 11, 2017, Murray scored a career-high 32 points in a 125–107 win over the Orlando Magic. Six days later, he had a 31-point effort in a 146–114 win over the New Orleans Pelicans. On January 22, 2018, he scored a career-high 38 points, including a three-point play in the",
"title": "Jamal Murray"
},
{
"id": "5923829",
"text": "arc (along with 84.4% FT shooting). Kevin finished second to Monta Ellis in the NBA Most Improved Player Award. Ellis edged Martin by three points in the closest voting in the award's history. On March 17, 2007, Martin led the Kings to a 95-83 road win over the Orlando Magic and joined Nate Archibald as the only other player in NBA history to score at least 20 points in a game with only one field goal made. Martin tallied 20 points on 1-8 FG from the field (1-1 3pt) while knocking down 17-20 FT from the foul line. On August",
"title": "Kevin Martin (basketball, born 1983)"
},
{
"id": "2104041",
"text": "points. Fulks had a career best 26.0 points per game average in the 1948–49 season. Fulks led the NBA in free throw percentage during the 1950–51 season. Fulks set the BAA/NBA single game scoring record four different times. On December 3, 1946, in just his eighth game as a professional, Fulks became the league's record holder for most points scored in a single game when he scored 37 points, making 16 field goals and five free throws, in Philadelphia's 76 to 68 win over the Providence Steam Rollers. Just 20 games later on January 14, 1947, Fulks set a new",
"title": "Joe Fulks"
},
{
"id": "9708632",
"text": "go out and score 100.\" The Warriors and Knicks combined for a record 316 points. Philadelphia fell short of the Boston Celtics' then-record of 173 points in a game. It was not uncommon for late-season NBA games to feature little defense. Celtics guard Bob Cousy said that the level of play in the NBA decreased as the season progressed, and \"defenses are out of gas\" by the end of the season. The following night, Chamberlain got permission to travel back to New York with three Knicks players. According to Cherry, Chamberlain drifted in and out of sleep and got a",
"title": "Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game"
},
{
"id": "7482471",
"text": "lead the team, which previously had 40+ point losses earlier in the year, to lead as high as 22 points at one point before winning 117–115 on October 23, against the Sacramento Kings for their first win of the season. On December 26, 2017, Triano became the first foreign born head coach in NBA history to win 100 games in the league with a 99–97 win over the Memphis Grizzlies. However, the Suns would finish the season with a 21–58 record under his tenure, and he would not return as head coach after that season. On May 24, 2018, the",
"title": "Jay Triano"
},
{
"id": "3543295",
"text": "team eked out a 94-90 victory that salvaged the finale of their five-game homestand, Anthony scored a game-high 25 points to move past Charles Barkley into 25th position in the NBA career scoring list. He also had the fifth-most points among active players after Nowitzki, James, Pierce and Carter, who was No. 24 in the scoring list. It was the 12th time Anthony has scored at least 17 points in his last 13 games that included his season-high of 45 points in a quadruple-OT loss to the Atlanta Hawks. On February 15, 2017, he was announced as the replacement for",
"title": "Carmelo Anthony"
},
{
"id": "3065995",
"text": "the award a record six times. He is also the only player to win the award despite his team not making the playoffs back in the season. Both Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times, while Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times. Russell and James are the only players to have won the award four times in five seasons. Moses Malone, Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times, while Bob Pettit, Karl Malone, Tim Duncan, Steve Nash and Stephen Curry have each won it twice. Only two rookies have",
"title": "NBA Most Valuable Player Award"
},
{
"id": "12897679",
"text": "Loughery and replaced him with Alvin Gentry on an interim basis to try to shake up the 17–30 Heat. Gentry went 15–21 for the remaining 36 games of the season for a 32–50 record overall, 10 games off the previous year's mark. During that interim period with Gentry, the Heat got one of the best wins in franchise history when they beat the Los Angeles Clippers 126–83. Furthermore, Rice scored 56 points against the Orlando Magic, setting the record for the highest individual single-game point total at the time. At the NBA All-Star Game in Phoenix, Arizona, Heat player Harold",
"title": "History of the Miami Heat"
},
{
"id": "11467455",
"text": "The player(s) with the most votes or ties for the most votes wins the award. No All-Star Game MVP was named in 1999 since the game was canceled due to the league's lockout. , the most recent recipient is Los Angeles Lakers forward LeBron James. Bob Pettit and Kobe Bryant are the only two players to win the All-Star Game MVP four times. Oscar Robertson, Michael Jordan, Shaquille O'Neal, and LeBron James have each won the award three times, while Bob Cousy, Julius Erving, Isiah Thomas, Magic Johnson, Karl Malone, Allen Iverson, and Russell Westbrook have all won the award",
"title": "NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award"
},
{
"id": "17219235",
"text": "November 1, 2016, he scored a career-high 22 points in a 127–104 win over the Portland Trail Blazers. He topped that mark on December 17, 2016, scoring 23 points in a 135–90 win over the Portland Trail Blazers. On March 11, 2017, Clark set a new career high with 36 points in a 107–85 loss to the San Antonio Spurs. The Warriors finished the season as the first seed in the West with a 67–15 record. Following a 129–115 victory in Game 4 of the Western Conference Finals over the San Antonio Spurs, the Warriors reached their third straight NBA",
"title": "Ian Clark (basketball)"
},
{
"id": "18201546",
"text": "participant at the 2016 NBA All-Star Weekend, replacing the injured Nikola Mirotić on the World Team roster. On April 10, he scored a career-high 22 points in a 100–84 win over the Denver Nuggets. On June 22, 2017, Lyles was traded, along with the draft rights to Tyler Lydon, to the Denver Nuggets in exchange for the draft rights to Donovan Mitchell. On December 2, 2017, he scored a season-high 18 points in a 115–100 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. On December 10, 2017, he scored a career-high 25 points in a 126–116 overtime loss to the Indiana Pacers.",
"title": "Trey Lyles"
},
{
"id": "3589879",
"text": "sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, at the age of 75. George Yardley George Harry Yardley III (November 3, 1928 – August 13, 2004) was an American basketball player. He was the first player in NBA history to score 2,000 points in one season, breaking the 1,932-point record held by George Mikan. Yardley was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1996. A two-time All-American at Stanford University, Yardley was a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, and earned the nickname \"Yardbird\" due to the chores he was required to complete by his fraternity brothers. The",
"title": "George Yardley"
},
{
"id": "8064562",
"text": "did so in 2008–09. Curry also surpassed Kyle Korver's mark of 127 straight games with a three-pointer. In the following game two days later, the Warriors defeated the Oklahoma City Thunder in overtime thanks to a Curry three-pointer with 0.6 seconds remaining. Curry finished with 46 points as his winning shot was his 12th three-pointer, tying the NBA single-game record (with Kobe Bryant and Donyell Marshall). He also broke his own NBA record for threes in a season, leaving the new mark at 288. On March 7, in a win over the Orlando Magic, Curry scored 41 points and became",
"title": "Stephen Curry"
},
{
"id": "15436470",
"text": "– the number one seed in the NBA – and was named to the NBA All-Defensive Second Team for the first time. The Spurs and the Miami Heat met once again in the NBA Finals. On June 10, 2014, in Game 3 of the series, Leonard scored a then career-high 29 points in a 111–92 victory. San Antonio went on to win the series 4–1. Leonard averaged 17.8 points on 61% shooting and was named NBA Finals MVP. He was the third-youngest player to win the award (22 years and 351 days), behind only Magic Johnson—who won in both 1980",
"title": "Kawhi Leonard"
},
{
"id": "3543299",
"text": "in Oklahoma City's game against the Los Angeles Clippers as part of their LA back-to-back (on January 3 they beat the LA Lakers 133-96), Anthony scored 22 points, moving past Patrick Ewing into 21st place on the NBA all-time scoring list. On January 27, 2018, Anthony became the 21st NBA player to score 25,000 career points. In addition, he has 1,693 playoff points. On March 6, 2018, in Oklahoma City's game against the Houston Rockets, Anthony scored 23 points to move past NBA legend Jerry West into the Top 20 in the NBA career scoring list as he now has",
"title": "Carmelo Anthony"
},
{
"id": "10037969",
"text": "overtime win over the Charlotte Hornets. On April 1 against the Los Angeles Lakers, Griffin reached 10,000 career points. He became the second player in franchise history to reach that mark, joining Randy Smith, who scored 10,467 of his club-record 12,735 points when the team was known as the Buffalo Braves. On April 22, 2017, Griffin was ruled out for the remainder of the 2017 NBA Playoffs with an injury to the plantar plate of his right big toe suffered during the Clippers' 111–106 win over the Utah Jazz in Game 3 of their Western Conference First Round Playoff series",
"title": "Blake Griffin"
},
{
"id": "11667104",
"text": "series at 2–2 with a 95–92 win. In Game 6, he recorded 32 points, nine assists and seven rebounds in a 115–86 loss. Despite a 32-point effort from Harden in Game 7, the Rockets were eliminated from the playoffs with a 101–92 defeat. In June, Harden was named the NBA Most Valuable Player for the 2017–18 season, becoming the third player in franchise history to receive the award, joining Moses Malone (1978–79 and 1981–82) and Hakeem Olajuwon (1993–94). That same month, he was voted the National Basketball Players Association's MVP for the 2017–18 season, earning the honor for a second",
"title": "James Harden"
},
{
"id": "2726721",
"text": "2017, Carter scored a season-high 24 points in a 109–95 win over the Cleveland Cavaliers. It was the first time in NBA history that a 40-plus-year-old reserve scored at least 20 points in a game. He shot 10-of-12 from the field in 30 minutes off the bench, with his 83 percent shooting marking the second highest percentage of his career. On January 28, 2018 against the San Antonio Spurs, Carter and Manu Ginóbili scored 21 and 15 points respectively; it was the first game in NBA history where two players over the age of 40 each scored at least 15",
"title": "Vince Carter"
},
{
"id": "13035904",
"text": "Heatherton, ESPN \"Mike & Mike\" co-hosts Mike Golic and Mike Greenberg, hip-hop artist Snoop Dogg, Actor Michael B. Jordan (\"The Wire\"), United States Secretary of Education Arne Duncan, and others. ESPN's \"NBA Countdown\" co-hosts Bill Simmons and Jalen Rose were the head coaches. Brandon Franklin was a fan who won the Sprint's Assistant Coach For A Day Sweepstakes and he served as assistant coach for the East team. Arne Duncan led the way with a celebrity game record of 20 points, and added 11 rebounds, and six assists as the East team beat the West team 60-56. The West's Kevin",
"title": "NBA All-Star Celebrity Game"
},
{
"id": "6323588",
"text": "player to win MVP. With the score tied, Dwyane Wade, who finished with 20 points, hit the game-winning layup with 16 seconds left. Tracy McGrady of the Houston Rockets led all players with a game-high 36 points. The Detroit Pistons tied a record with the 1962 Boston Celtics (Sam Jones, Bill Russell, Bob Cousy, Tom Heinsohn), 1975 Celtics (John Havlicek, JoJo White, Dave Cowens, Paul Silas), 1983 Philadelphia 76ers (Julius Erving, Moses Malone, Andrew Toney and Maurice Cheeks), 1998 Lakers (Kobe Bryant, Shaquille O'Neal, Eddie Jones and Nick Van Exel), 2011 Boston Celtics (Rajon Rondo, Kevin Garnett, Paul Pierce and",
"title": "2006 NBA All-Star Game"
},
{
"id": "17642973",
"text": "just the third player to post such numbers in 25 minutes of play or less since 1983–84, joining Pau Gasol (2015) and Fat Lever (1990). On 15 November, Embiid scored a career-high 46 points—the most by a Philadelphia player in 11 years—and grabbed 15 rebounds in a 115–109 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. Embiid also had seven assists and seven blocked shots, making him the first NBA player with 40 points, seven assists and seven blocks in a game since Julius Erving against the Pistons in 1982. Embiid shot 14 for 20 from the field and 16 of 19",
"title": "Joel Embiid"
},
{
"id": "2015514",
"text": "1,164, 1,134, 1,128, 1,126, 1,118, 1,031 and 1,011 assists. He and Karl Malone are regarded by many as the quintessential pick and roll duo. Apart from his passing skill, Stockton was also a capable scorer (13.1 points per game career average and a 51.5 career shooting percentage) with a reliable three-point shot (38.4% lifetime average). He is 41st on the all-time NBA scoring list with 19,711 career points. Despite the fact that he had never pulled down more than 9 rebounds (or recorded more than 9 steals) during a regular season game, he finally recorded his first career triple double,",
"title": "John Stockton"
},
{
"id": "3258370",
"text": "vote is worth three points; and each third-place vote is worth one point. The person with the highest point total, regardless of the number of first-place votes, wins the award. Since its inception, the award has been given to 40 different coaches. The most recent award winner is former Toronto Raptors head coach Dwane Casey. Gregg Popovich, Don Nelson and Pat Riley have each won the award three times, while Hubie Brown, Mike D'Antoni, Bill Fitch, Cotton Fitzsimmons and Gene Shue have each won it twice. No coach has won consecutive Coach of the Year awards. Riley is the only",
"title": "NBA Coach of the Year Award"
},
{
"id": "18586297",
"text": "seven 30-point games. In Suns history, only Charlie Scott (8 in 1974–75) has had more 30-point performances through the team's first 17 games of a season. On December 2, he scored a season-high 38 points in a 116–111 loss to the Boston Celtics. He joined Wilt Chamberlain and Elgin Baylor as the only players in NBA history to follow up a 70-point performance with 32+ points in their next game against that same opponent. Two days later, he scored 46 points in a 115–101 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. On December 6, he was ruled out for up to three",
"title": "Devin Booker"
},
{
"id": "3543292",
"text": "club. He also became the 29th player in NBA history to hit the scoring milestone. On December 25, 2016, in a Christmas Day game against the Boston Celtics, Anthony moved past Elgin Baylor into 28th place on the NBA career scoring list when he scored 29 points upping his total to 23,156 compared to Baylor's 23,149. On December 30, 2016, Anthony scored 26 points against the New Orleans Pelicans in a 92-104 loss upping his total to 23,192 points moving past Adrian Dantley into 27th place in the NBA career scoring list. After their game against the Houston Rockets on",
"title": "Carmelo Anthony"
},
{
"id": "3543222",
"text": "the playoffs every year from 2004 to 2010, winning two division titles in that span. In 2009, Anthony led the Nuggets to their first Conference Finals appearance since 1985. In 2011, he was traded from Denver to the New York Knicks just days prior to the NBA trade deadline. On January 24, 2014, against the Charlotte Bobcats, Anthony set the Madison Square Garden and Knicks' single-game scoring record with a career-high 62 points. Anthony is also one of six players to record at least 24,000 points, 6,000 rebounds, 2,500 assists, 1,000 steals and 1,000 3-point field goals. Anthony has been",
"title": "Carmelo Anthony"
},
{
"id": "14699792",
"text": "135–130 win over the Atlanta Hawks. In the game, the Cavaliers set the NBA regular-season record with 25 three-pointers. On March 19, he had a 46-point effort in a 125–120 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. On April 9, he had a 45-point effort in a 126–125 overtime loss to Atlanta. In Game 4 of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Boston Celtics, Irving scored a playoff career-high 42 points to lead the Cavaliers to a 112–99 win, taking a 3–1 lead in the series. With 24 points in Game 5 of the series, he helped the Cavaliers defeat the",
"title": "Kyrie Irving"
},
{
"id": "19423240",
"text": "in the Eastern Conference Finals. The Warriors and Cavaliers tied the regular season series 1–1, with each team winning its home game. The Warriors routed the Cavaliers 113–91 to take a 1–0 series lead. The Warriors led by only 8 points at halftime, but they opened the third quarter on a 13–0 run and never looked back. Kevin Durant had 38 points to lead the Warriors, and Stephen Curry added 28 points. The Cavaliers' LeBron James also had 28 points, becoming the first player to score 6000 career points in the postseason. James also passed Reggie Miller for second all-time",
"title": "2017 NBA Finals"
},
{
"id": "1662240",
"text": "Group also partnered with Living Cities to form the Admiral Center, a non-profit created to support other athletes and entertainers with their philanthropic initiatives. Robinson is also co-owner of a Jaguar Land Rover Dealership in San Juan, Texas. Robinson scored 40 or more points 22 times in the regular season and once in the playoffs. Fourth (and most recent) player in NBA history to record a quadruple-double in a game: San Antonio Spurs (115) vs. Detroit Pistons (96), Fourth player in NBA history to score 70 or more points in a game: 71, at Los Angeles Clippers, One of two",
"title": "David Robinson (basketball)"
},
{
"id": "14622993",
"text": "their 69th game of the season by defeating the Portland Trail Blazers at home, and became the fourth team in NBA history to reach 69 wins in a single season, joining the 1971–72 Los Angeles Lakers, 1995–96 Chicago Bulls and 1996–97 Chicago Bulls. On April 13, 2016, Golden State set the record for most wins in a single season, beating Memphis, and finishing 73–9. On May 10, 2016, Stephen Curry was named the NBA Most Valuable Player for the second straight season. Curry is the 11th player to win back-to-back MVP honors and became the first player in NBA history",
"title": "History of the Golden State Warriors"
},
{
"id": "15576436",
"text": "Beal scored a then season-high 40 points in a 122–116 loss to the Phoenix Suns. On November 20, 2017, in a 99–88 win over the Milwaukee Bucks, Beal scored 23 points and became the youngest player in NBA history to reach 700 made 3-pointers. On December 5, 2017, he scored a career-high 51 points in a 106–92 win over the Portland Trail Blazers. He hit five 3-pointers and made a career-high 21 field goals. On December 31, 2017, Beal scored 17 of his 39 points in the fourth quarter to lead Washington to a 114–110 win over the Chicago Bulls.",
"title": "Bradley Beal"
},
{
"id": "15576434",
"text": "the Cleveland Cavaliers. On February 24, 2017, he scored 40 points in a 120–112 loss to the Philadelphia 76ers, recording his fourth 40-point game of the season. On March 29, 2017, he scored 27 points in a 133–124 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers. During the game, Beal surpassed Gilbert Arenas for the franchise single-season three-point record. He made five against the Clippers to finish with 209 by the end of the game—Arenas had 205 in 2004–05 and 2006–07. Beal joined Kevin Durant and Vince Carter as the only three players in NBA history, 23 years old or younger, to",
"title": "Bradley Beal"
},
{
"id": "5343182",
"text": "Giannis Antetokounmpo and Victor Oladipo have won the award and been selected as an NBA All-Star in the same season; Dale Ellis, Kevin Duckworth, Kevin Johnson, Gilbert Arenas, Zach Randolph and Goran Dragic were the other winners who were later selected to play in the All-Star Game. Only McGrady, O'Neal, George, Dragić, Antetokounmpo and Oladipo won the award and were named to the All-NBA Team in the same season. The Indiana Pacers and Orlando Magic have both seen five players win the award, the most in the NBA. Tracy McGrady is the first recipient of the award to be named",
"title": "NBA Most Improved Player Award"
},
{
"id": "8419355",
"text": "coach Kurt Rambis and Love. In a home game against the New York Knicks on November 12, 2010, Love became the 19th player to record a \"30–30\" game, when he recorded 31 points along with a career-high 31 rebounds. His 31 rebounds set a Timberwolves franchise record and were also the most by a player in an NBA game since Charles Barkley recorded 33 rebounds in a game in 1996. Love became the first player to record a 30–30 game since Moses Malone in 1982. Love scored a career-high 43 points and had 17 rebounds on December 18 in a",
"title": "Kevin Love"
},
{
"id": "3543276",
"text": "points and 11 rebounds in a 111-102 victory over the Charlotte Bobcats. His teammate J. R. Smith scored 37 points in the game. On March 31, 2013, Anthony scored 24 points and grabbed 10 rebounds in a win against the Boston Celtics as he recorded a double-double in consecutive games. With the victory, the Knicks won the season series against the Celtics (3-1) for the first time since the 2003–04 season. On April 2, 2013, Anthony tied his career high by scoring 50 points in a 102-90 win over the Miami Heat and became the first player in NBA history",
"title": "Carmelo Anthony"
},
{
"id": "4786081",
"text": "in a game set in February 1999. The two previous games Miller hit seven threes. This made him the first NBA player to hit at least seven three-pointers in three consecutive games since the Dallas Mavericks' George McCloud achieved it in 1996. Miller holds the Memphis Grizzlies franchise record for most points scored in a single game, with 45 on February 21, 2007, against the Golden State Warriors. After the 2006–07 NBA season, Miller was announced as a member of the USA Basketball team. On June 26, 2008, Miller, Brian Cardinal, Jason Collins, and the 5th pick of the 2008",
"title": "Mike Miller (basketball player)"
},
{
"id": "17784194",
"text": "contract through the 2016–17 season. With Ricky Rubio sidelined in early November, LaVine took over the starting point guard role and took advantage of the increased minutes. On November 13, he scored a season-high 26 points in a loss to the Indiana Pacers. He later topped that mark on December 13, scoring 28 points in a loss to the Phoenix Suns. In a 114–107 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers on January 25, 2016, LaVine, Karl-Anthony Towns, and Andrew Wiggins became the first trio of NBA teammates under age 21 to score at least 20 points in the same game. On",
"title": "Zach LaVine"
},
{
"id": "5426298",
"text": "holds NCAA tournament records for most points in one game (61 vs. Ohio in 1970), most field goals in one game (25), and most field goals attempted in one game (44). His record scoring average of 50 points per game in seven NCAA playoff games may never be broken. Recently, ESPN named Carr the 22nd greatest college basketball player of all time. Carr moved onto the professional ranks as the first overall selection of the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 1971 NBA draft. Carr was also selected in the 1971 ABA Draft by the Virginia Squires, but signed with the Cavaliers",
"title": "Austin Carr"
},
{
"id": "17911246",
"text": "at shooting guard in place of the injured Kentavious Caldwell-Pope, Johnson scored a season-high 22 points in a 111–105 win over the New York Knicks. In December 2016, Johnson spent a day with the Grand Rapids Drive of the NBA Development League. On March 8, 2017, he scored a season-high 17 points in a 115–98 loss to the Indiana Pacers. On January 30, 2018, he scored a career-high 26 points in a 125–114 win over the Cleveland Cavaliers. On November 9, 2018, he scored a season-high 22 points in a 124–109 win over the Atlanta Hawks. Johnson earned gold medals",
"title": "Stanley Johnson (basketball)"
}
] | who has scored the most points in a game in the nba |
|
| [
{
"id": "10300577",
"text": "the world stage in 1992, after years of being banned by FIFA due to the apartheid system. The team has played at seven Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, winning once. The team has also played at three FIFA World Cups including, 1998 in France and 2002 in South Korea and Japan. South Africa became the first African nation to host the FIFA World Cup when it hosted the 19th FIFA World Cup in June 2010. The team's Siphiwe Tshabalala was also the first person to score in this World Cup during the opening game against Mexico. Despite defeating France 2-1",
"title": "Soccer in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "145474",
"text": "second round on home soil in 1982. England (1966) won its only title while playing as a host nation. Uruguay (1930), Italy (1934), Argentina (1978) and France (1998) won their first titles as host nations but have gone on to win again, while Germany (1974) won their second title on home soil. Other nations have also been successful when hosting the tournament. Switzerland (quarter-finals 1954), Sweden (runners-up in 1958), Chile (third place in 1962), South Korea (fourth place in 2002), and Mexico (quarter-finals in 1970 and 1986) all have their best results when serving as hosts. So far, South Africa",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "17609505",
"text": "South Africa at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of South Africa's results at the FIFA World Cup. The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup , usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of \"Fédération Internationale de Football Association\" (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The championship has been awarded every four years since the first tournament in 1930, except in 1942 and 1946, due to World War II. The tournament consists of two parts, the qualification phase and",
"title": "South Africa at the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "17609506",
"text": "the final phase (officially called the \"World Cup Finals\"). The qualification phase, which currently take place over the three years preceding the Finals, is used to determine which teams qualify for the Finals. The current format of the Finals involves 32 teams competing for the title, at venues within the host nation (or nations) over a period of about a month. The World Cup Finals is the most widely viewed sporting event in the world, with an estimated 715.1 million people watching the 2006 tournament final. South Africa have appeared in the FIFA World Cup on three occasions in 1998,",
"title": "South Africa at the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "13206436",
"text": "South Africa at the Rugby World Cup South Africa have played at six of the eight Rugby World Cup tournaments, having been unable to compete in the first two tournaments due to a sports boycott during the apartheid era. Following the end of apartheid, they hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup and won the tournament, and were champions again at the 2007 tournament in France. With two tournament wins, they are one of the three best performing teams, along with Australia who have also won twice, and New Zealand with three wins, the only team to do better. South Africa",
"title": "South Africa at the Rugby World Cup"
},
{
"id": "10300567",
"text": "beginning to be demolished, a new multi-racial South African Football Association was formed, and admitted to FIFA. On 7 July 1992, the South African national team played their first game in two decades, beating Cameroon 1–0. Since the integration of the country, it has developed the most sophisticated Professional Football Structure in Africa, the Premier Soccer League. South Africa qualified for the 1998 and 2002 World Cups, but failed to progress past the group stage both times. They hosted (and won) the 1996 African Cup of Nations and hosted the 2010 World Cup, the first African nation to do so.",
"title": "Soccer in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "17609511",
"text": "but his shot bounced off the post. Tshabalala was named as the man of the match. South Africa's coach, Carlos Alberto Parreira called the result \"fair\", while Mexico's coach Javier Aguirre stated \"we could have won, we could have lost\". South Africa at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of South Africa's results at the FIFA World Cup. The FIFA World Cup, sometimes called the Football World Cup , usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the men's national teams of the members of \"Fédération Internationale de Football Association\"",
"title": "South Africa at the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "9913837",
"text": "historically been particularly popular amongst persons of African descent and is South Africa's most popular sport. The South Africa national football team, \"Bafana Bafana\", has not enjoyed considerable success since the early 20th Century. South Africa is one among the only four countries which have played world cups of all three major games - Cricket, football, and rugby. England, New Zealand, and Australia are the other three such nations. \"England\" plays all three games in the elite level, but along with \"Australia\" and \"New Zealand\", \"South Africa\" is dominant power in \"cricket\" and \"rugby union\" only. Other popular sports include:",
"title": "Sport in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "145480",
"text": "World Cup finals. Germany has made the most top-four finishes (13), medals (12), as well as the most finals (8). To date, the final of the World Cup has only been contested by teams from the UEFA (Europe) and CONMEBOL (South America) confederations. European nations have won twelve titles, while South American have won nine. Only two teams from outside these two continents have ever reached the semi-finals of the competition: United States (North, Central America and Caribbean) in 1930 and South Korea (Asia) in 2002. The best result of an African team is reaching the quarter-finals: Cameroon in 1990,",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "3812607",
"text": "1992, after 16 years of being banned from FIFA, and 40 years of effective suspension due to the apartheid system. South Africa became the first African nation to host the FIFA World Cup when it was granted host status for the 2010 edition. The team's Siphiwe Tshabalala was also the first player to score in this World Cup during the opening game against Mexico, which was followed by an iconic Macarena-style goal celebration from five South African players. Despite defeating France 2–1 in their final game of the Group Stage, they failed to progress from the first round of the",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "3812606",
"text": "South Africa national football team The South Africa men's national football team represents South Africa in association football and is controlled by the South African Football Association, the governing body for football in South Africa. South Africa's home ground is FNB Stadium, so named due to a naming rights deal, in Johannesburg. The team is currently under the charge of Stuart Baxter, who was appointed as coach on 5 April 2017. The team's greatest achievement was winning the Africa Cup of Nations at home in 1996. Having played their first match in 1924, they returned to the world stage in",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "11957890",
"text": "and Philemon Masinga, Benni McCarthy, Aaron Mokoena, and Delron Buckley. South Africa hosted the 2010 FIFA World Cup, and FIFA president Sepp Blatter awarded South Africa a grade 9 out of 10 for successfully hosting the event. Famous boxing personalities include Baby Jake Jacob Matlala, Vuyani Bungu, Welcome Ncita, Dingaan Thobela, Gerrie Coetzee and Brian Mitchell. Durban surfer Jordy Smith won the 2010 Billabong J-Bay Open making him the highest ranked surfer in the world. South Africa produced Formula One motor racing's 1979 world champion Jody Scheckter. Famous current cricket players include AB de Villiers, Hashim Amla, Dale Steyn, Vernon",
"title": "South Africa"
},
{
"id": "2293172",
"text": "It followed the 1995 Rugby World Cup by hosting the 1996 African Cup of Nations, with the national team going on to win the tournament. It also hosted the 2003 Cricket World Cup, the 2007 World Twenty20 Championship, and it was the host nation for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which was the first time the tournament was held in Africa. FIFA president Sepp Blatter awarded South Africa a grade 9 out of 10 for successfully hosting the event. In 2004, the swimming team of Roland Schoeman, Lyndon Ferns, Darian Townsend and Ryk Neethling won the gold medal at the",
"title": "Culture of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "7993539",
"text": "favor and provided the swing vote for the World Cup. Since then South Africa have won the world cup twice, in 1995 in their first appearance when they also hosted the event and again in 2007 in Paris. The 1995 tournament concluded with then President Nelson Mandela (at the time described as the world's most famous former political prisoner), wearing a Springbok jersey and matching baseball cap, presenting the trophy to the South Africa's captain François Pienaar (a young Afrikaner). Given the political history of South Africa, the moment is seen as one of the most emotional in the sport's",
"title": "Rugby union in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "7571018",
"text": "of Italian central defender Marco Materazzi. Italy went on to win 5–3 in a penalty shootout, the score having been 1–1 after 90 minutes and extra time. The 2010 World Cup was held in South Africa. It was the first cup hosted on African soil, and the cup was won by Spain. The tournament was noted for its highly defensive opening matches, controversies surrounding goal-line technology, and the introduction of vuvuzelas. Though considered as one of the tournament favorites, the Spaniards won the cup despite scoring only eight goals in seven games and losing their opening match to Switzerland. David",
"title": "History of the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1448608",
"text": "2010 FIFA World Cup The 2010 FIFA World Cup was the 19th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national association football teams. It took place in South Africa from 11 June to 11 July 2010. The bidding process for hosting the tournament finals was open only to African nations. In 2004, the international football federation, FIFA, selected South Africa over Egypt and Morocco to become the first African nation to host the finals. The matches were played in 10 stadiums in nine host cities around the country, with the opening and final played at the Soccer City stadium",
"title": "2010 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "3812628",
"text": "World Cup, the first in Africa, South Africa was placed in Group A, along with Mexico, surprise package and eventual semi-finalists Uruguay and former world champions France. South Africa played the first game, which opened the World Cup 2010 Football tournament with a 1–1 draw against Mexico after taking the lead through a wonderful long-range Siphiwe Tshabalala strike. Katlego Mphela would hit the post late into the game as South Africa, buoyed by a frenzied home crowd, so very nearly opened the tournament with a win. A heavy 3–0 defeat in the second group game against Uruguay and a Mexican",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "7919108",
"text": "in North African music and dance and, in Southern Africa, Western influences are apparent due to colonization. Fifty-four African countries have football (soccer) teams in the Confederation of African Football. Egypt has won the African Cup seven times, and a record-making three times in a row. Cameroon, Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana, and Algeria have advanced to the knockout stage of recent FIFA World Cups. South Africa hosted the 2010 World Cup tournament, becoming the first African country to do so. Cricket is popular in some African nations. South Africa and Zimbabwe have Test status, while Kenya is the leading non-test team",
"title": "Africa"
},
{
"id": "9865740",
"text": "South Africa Davis Cup team The South Africa Davis Cup team represents South Africa in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Tennis South Africa. South Africa won the Davis Cup in 1974 by default as India withdrew from the finals as a sign of protest against apartheid policies. They currently compete in Group I of the Europe/Africa Zone. They competed in the World Group from 1995–1998. South Africa competed in its first Davis Cup in 1913. Their player with the most single wins all-time is Cliff Drysdale with 32 and in doubles it is Frew McMillan with",
"title": "South Africa Davis Cup team"
},
{
"id": "13206437",
"text": "was barred from the first two World Cups due to its controversial \"apartheid\" regime. ---- Quarter-final Semi-final South Africa at the Rugby World Cup South Africa have played at six of the eight Rugby World Cup tournaments, having been unable to compete in the first two tournaments due to a sports boycott during the apartheid era. Following the end of apartheid, they hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup and won the tournament, and were champions again at the 2007 tournament in France. With two tournament wins, they are one of the three best performing teams, along with Australia who have",
"title": "South Africa at the Rugby World Cup"
},
{
"id": "9865741",
"text": "23. South Africa Davis Cup team The South Africa Davis Cup team represents South Africa in Davis Cup tennis competition and are governed by the Tennis South Africa. South Africa won the Davis Cup in 1974 by default as India withdrew from the finals as a sign of protest against apartheid policies. They currently compete in Group I of the Europe/Africa Zone. They competed in the World Group from 1995–1998. South Africa competed in its first Davis Cup in 1913. Their player with the most single wins all-time is Cliff Drysdale with 32 and in doubles it is Frew McMillan",
"title": "South Africa Davis Cup team"
},
{
"id": "17609508",
"text": "the tournament. Korea/Japan 2002 was expected to be an opportunity for Bafana Bafana to step up to the next level but they were eliminated at the group stage despite drawing to Paraguay and beating Slovenia 1–0 for their first-ever World Cup win. The team finished third in their group, losing out to Paraguay on goals scored. The team failed to qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup after finishing third in their qualifying group. Ghana won the group and progressed to the tournament, while Congo DR finished ahead of South Africa on head to head results. During the 2010 World",
"title": "South Africa at the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "341821",
"text": "World Cup. After upsetting Australia in the opening match, South Africa continued to advance through the tournament until they met New Zealand in the final. After a tense final that went into extra time, South Africa emerged 15–12 winners, with then President Nelson Mandela, wearing a Springbok jersey, presenting the trophy to South Africa's captain, Francois Pienaar. The tournament in 1999 was hosted by Wales with matches also being held throughout the rest of the United Kingdom, Ireland and France. The tournament included a repechage system, alongside specific regional qualifying places, and an increase from sixteen to twenty participating nations.",
"title": "Rugby World Cup"
},
{
"id": "3812647",
"text": "South Africa to their first victory in the 2014 World Cup qualifiers as they beat the Central African Republic 2–0 in Cape Town. South Africa continued their push for a place at the World Cup with a 3–0 win over the Central African Republic on 8 June. South Africa endured a difficult build-up to the game as they were only able to practice once before the game due to a delayed connecting flight, but they performed admirably against their physical opponents on a bumpy pitch. The win was South Africa's first away win in a World Cup qualifier since 2005.",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "3140624",
"text": "consecutive title won by a European team, after Italy in 2006 and Spain in 2010. In March 2003, FIFA announced that the tournament would be held in South America for the first time since 1978, in line with its then-active policy of rotating the right to host the World Cup among different confederations. With the 2010 FIFA World Cup hosted in South Africa, it would be the second consecutive World Cup outside Europe, which was a first for the tournament. It was also second in the Southern Hemisphere. Only Brazil and Colombia formally declared their candidacy but, after the withdrawal",
"title": "2014 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "17609509",
"text": "Cup in South Africa, they beat France 2–1 and drew 1–1 to Mexico, but lost 0–3 to Uruguay. They lost out on progression to the round of 16, on goal difference. Head coach: Philippe Troussier Benni McCarthy scored South Africa's first ever goal in the World Cup when he received the ball on the edge of the penalty box before shooting low left footed through the legs of Peter Schmeichel to level the match. Head coach: Jomo Sono Siyabonga Nomvethe scored the only goal of the game, in the fourth minute. A free kick from Quinton Fortune on the left",
"title": "South Africa at the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "14688937",
"text": "2010 FIFA World Cup event effects The 2010 FIFA World Cup is the 19th FIFA World Cup, the premier international association football tournament, being held in South Africa from 11 June to 11 July. It is the first time the finals of the tournament have been staged in an African host nation as South Africa were selected as hosts following a bidding in 2004. The impact of the event itself transcend those bound by its athletic aspect and appeal, and the socioeconomic aspects of the tournament are far reaching. Tournament organiser Danny Jordaan dismissed concerns that the attack on the",
"title": "2010 FIFA World Cup event effects"
},
{
"id": "145479",
"text": "two gold medals at the 1924 and 1928 Summer Olympics and their two World Cup titles in 1930 and 1950). With five titles, Brazil are the most successful World Cup team and also the only nation to have played in every World Cup (21) to date. Brazil were also the first team to win the World Cup for the third (1970), fourth (1994) and fifth (2002) time. Italy (1934 and 1938) and Brazil (1958 and 1962) are the only nations to have won consecutive titles. West Germany (1982–1990) and Brazil (1994–2002) are the only nations to appear in three consecutive",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "1448665",
"text": "Africa. The Durban Fan Fest was the most popular in South Africa during the tournament followed by the Cape Town Fan Fest. 2010 FIFA World Cup The 2010 FIFA World Cup was the 19th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national association football teams. It took place in South Africa from 11 June to 11 July 2010. The bidding process for hosting the tournament finals was open only to African nations. In 2004, the international football federation, FIFA, selected South Africa over Egypt and Morocco to become the first African nation to host the finals. The matches were",
"title": "2010 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "18675466",
"text": "History of the South Africa national rugby union team The History of the South Africa national rugby union team dates back to 1891, when the British Lions first toured South Africa where they played against South African representative sides. The South Africa national rugby union team played few international matches during a period of international sanctions due to apartheid. Since the end of apartheid in 1990–91, South Africa has once again fully participated in international rugby. The most iconic moment in South Africa rugby history is when South Africa hosted and won the 1995 Rugby World Cup, with Nelson Mandela",
"title": "History of the South Africa national rugby union team"
},
{
"id": "361969",
"text": "Brazil holds the record at the FIFA World Cup with five titles in total. Argentina and Uruguay have two titles each. So far four South American nations have hosted the tournament including the first edition in Uruguay (1930). The other three were Brazil (1950, 2014), Chile (1962), and Argentina (1978). South America is home to the longest running international football tournament; the Copa América, which has been regularly contested since 1916. Uruguay won the Copa América a record 15 times, surpassing hosts Argentina in 2011 to reach 15 titles (they were previously equal at 14 titles each during the 2011",
"title": "South America"
},
{
"id": "145481",
"text": "Senegal in 2002 and Ghana in 2010. Only one Oceanian qualifier, Australia in 2006, has advanced to the second round. Brazil, Argentina, Spain and Germany are the only teams to win a World Cup outside their continental confederation; Brazil came out victorious in Europe (1958), North America (1970 and 1994) and Asia (2002). Argentina won a World Cup in North America in 1986, while Spain won in Africa in 2010. In 2014, Germany became the first European team to win in the Americas. Only on five occasions have consecutive World Cups been won by teams from the same continent, and",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "9850308",
"text": "from the presidency, continued with the appointment of Pravin Gordhan as Finance Minister instead of Trever Manuel. In 2010, South Africa hosted the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the first time it was hosted in Africa. The 2014 general election was again won by the ANC, though its share of the vote fell to 62.1%. The Democratic Alliance (DA) increased its vote to 22.2% and confirmed its role as main opposition party. The DA got 6% of the black vote and almost 93% of the white vote, and is often described as a \"white\" party. It is also sometimes described as",
"title": "History of South Africa (1994–present)"
},
{
"id": "3812627",
"text": "2009 FIFA Confederations Cup – also hosted by South Africa – and South Africa would see an improvement in performance, holding its own against eventual world champions Spain and perennial powerhouse Brazil, the latter requiring an 88th-minute goal to overcome South Africa in the semi-finals. South Africa would ultimately finish 4th, following a thrilling 3–2 loss to the Spanish in the 3rd/4th Place Playoff. A string of victories, albeit against marginal opposition, in the run up to the 2010 FIFA World Cup seemed to instill a sense of confidence in the team as well as the nation. For the 2010",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "11957891",
"text": "Philander, and Faf du Plessis; most also participate in the Indian Premier League. South Africa has also produced numerous world class rugby players, including Francois Pienaar, Joost van der Westhuizen, Danie Craven, Frik du Preez, Naas Botha, and Bryan Habana. South Africa hosted and won the 1995 Rugby World Cup, and won the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France. It followed the 1995 Rugby World Cup by hosting the 1996 African Cup of Nations, with the national team, the Springboks, going on to win the tournament. It also hosted the 2003 Cricket World Cup, the 2007 World Twenty20 Championship. South",
"title": "South Africa"
},
{
"id": "2330172",
"text": "tournament is The Rugby Championship (formerly Tri-Nations), involving Australia and New Zealand since 1996, with Argentina joining the competition in 2012. South Africa has won the tournament three times; in 1998 and 2004 and 2009. South Africa also participates in the Mandela Challenge Plate with Australia, and the Freedom Cup with New Zealand as part of the Rugby Championship. South Africa did not participate in the 1987 and 1991 World Cups because of the sporting boycott that apartheid brought against them. South Africa's introduction to the event was as hosts. They defeated defending champions Australia 27–18 in the opening match,",
"title": "South Africa national rugby union team"
},
{
"id": "3967931",
"text": "Danny Jordaan Daniel Alexander \"Danny\" Jordaan (born 3 September 1951) is the president of the South African Football Association (SAFA). He is a former lecturer, politician and anti-apartheid activist. He led South Africa's successful 2010 FIFA World Cup bid, the first successful one for Africa, as well as the country's unsuccessful bid four years earlier for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and was the Chief Executive Officer of the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa. He is also the former Mayor of the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, having served from May 2015 until August 2016. He has served FIFA",
"title": "Danny Jordaan"
},
{
"id": "7584331",
"text": "and Togo. After it was confirmed by FIFA that joint bidding would not be allowed in the future, Libya and Tunisia withdrew both of their bids on 8 May 2004. On 15 May 2004 in Zürich (the seventh consecutive time that a host selection has been made there), South Africa, after a narrow loss in the 2006 bidding, defeated perennial candidate Morocco to host, 14 votes to 10. Egypt received no votes. On 28 May 2015, media covering the 2015 FIFA corruption case reported that high-ranking officials from the South African bid committee had secured the right to host the",
"title": "FIFA World Cup hosts"
},
{
"id": "1448610",
"text": "world title. Spain became the eighth nation to win the tournament and the first European nation to win a World Cup hosted outside its home continent: all previous World Cups held outside Europe had been won by South American nations. They are also the only national team since 1978 to win a World Cup after losing a game in the group stage. As a result of their win, Spain represented the World in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. Host nation South Africa and both 2006 World Cup finalists Italy and France were all eliminated in the first round of the",
"title": "2010 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "9913856",
"text": "in 2008. The South African national team also competes in the Australian Football International Cup, essentially a World Cup for all countries apart from Australia, the only place where the sport is played professionally. The South African national team's highest finish at the International Cup was third, in 2008. Golf in South Africa has a long and illustrious history and South Africa is one of the great golfing nations. Golf is easily the best individual sports event that South Africans participate in, with the quantity and quality of South African players being of the top order. The first South African",
"title": "Sport in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "17609507",
"text": "2002, and 2010. Although South Africa has made three appearances in the World Cup, they have not made it past the first round. The team's first attempt to qualify as for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. The team finished second in their group, behind Nigeria, who went on to play at the World Cup. Their first appearance was in France 1998, six years after they had been readmitted to the global football family. Despite a 3–0 drubbing to France in their opening game, they went on to draw against Denmark and Saudi Arabia, the team finished third and thus exited",
"title": "South Africa at the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "2330132",
"text": "in 1987 and 1991 because of anti-apartheid sporting boycotts of South Africa. The team made its World Cup debut in 1995, when the newly democratic South Africa hosted the tournament. The Springboks defeated the All Blacks 15–12 in the final, which is now remembered as one of the greatest moments in South Africa's sporting history, and a watershed moment in the post-Apartheid nation-building process. South Africa regained their title as champions 12 years later, when they defeated England 15–6 in the 2007 final. As a result of the 2007 World Cup tournament the Springboks were promoted to first place in",
"title": "South Africa national rugby union team"
},
{
"id": "3341953",
"text": "World Cups and the largest for South Africa in World Cups. It is also the second largest margin of victory for South Africa in ODIs on 3 March 2011. The 87-run stand between JP Duminy and Colin Ingram is the highest for the sixth wicket for South Africa in World Cups. The highest sixth-wicket stand for South Africa in ODIs is the 137 between Hansie Cronje and Shaun Pollock against Zimbabwe in 1997. The triumph is South Africa's seventh by a fringe of hundred or more runs in World Cups. † South Africa's kit is manufactured by New Balance, who",
"title": "South Africa national cricket team"
},
{
"id": "14688955",
"text": "event during the early round period. 2010 FIFA World Cup event effects The 2010 FIFA World Cup is the 19th FIFA World Cup, the premier international association football tournament, being held in South Africa from 11 June to 11 July. It is the first time the finals of the tournament have been staged in an African host nation as South Africa were selected as hosts following a bidding in 2004. The impact of the event itself transcend those bound by its athletic aspect and appeal, and the socioeconomic aspects of the tournament are far reaching. Tournament organiser Danny Jordaan dismissed",
"title": "2010 FIFA World Cup event effects"
},
{
"id": "3812608",
"text": "tournament, becoming the first host nation in the history of the FIFA World Cup to exit in the group stage. Despite this, the team ranked 20th out of 32 sides, ranking higher than 12 teams who qualified. Football first arrived in South Africa through colonialism in the late nineteenth century, as the game was popular among British soldiers. From the earliest days of the sport in South Africa until the end of apartheid, organised football was affected by the country's system of racial segregation. The all-white Football Association of South Africa (FASA) was formed in 1892, while the South African",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "14752096",
"text": "Spain at the FIFA World Cup This is a record of Spain's results at the FIFA World Cup. Spain is one of only eight countries ever to have won the FIFA World Cup, which it did at the 2010 FIFA World Cup, in South Africa, the first time the team had reached the final. The team is one of the most present at the World Cup finals, with 15 appearances out of the 21 tournaments. Spain reached fourth-place in 1950, and has reached the quarter-finals four times. The Spanish team has also won three UEFA European Football Championships, in 1964,",
"title": "Spain at the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "3812619",
"text": "political wrangling. Former legend Jomo Sono was brought back in a caretaker capacity to lead South Africa in Korea/Japan. Placed in Group B along with Spain, Paraguay and debutants Slovenia at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, South Africa had high hopes of progressing to the knockout phase of the tournament. After earning a 2–2 draw against Paraguay in their opening game with a last-gasp penalty from Quinton Fortune and following it up with their first ever victory at the finals with a 1–0 win over Slovenia, South Africa headed into their final game against Spain second in the group and",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "145482",
"text": "currently it is the first time with four champions in a row from the same continental confederation. Italy and Brazil successfully defended their titles in 1938 and 1962 respectively, while Italy's triumph in 2006 has been followed by wins for Spain in 2010, Germany in 2014 and France in 2018. Currently, it is also the first time that one of the currently winning continents (Europe) is ahead of the other (South America) by more than one championship. At the end of each World Cup, awards are presented to the players and teams for accomplishments other than their final team positions",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "3812645",
"text": "had been handed the almost impossible task of a semifinal berth as a target in his contract, SAFA came out and said the signs of improvement were sufficient enough for Igesund's job to remain safe. South Africa received a First Round bye when the qualifying process for the 2014 FIFA World Cup got underway on 30 July 2011. For the Second Round of the qualifying process, South Africa was placed in Pot 1 as a top-seeded nation for the draw from where they were drawn into Group A, along with neighbours Botswana, the Central African Republic and Ethiopia. South Africa",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "17609510",
"text": "came to Nomvethe and although he mistimed his header, the ball cannoned into the net off his thigh. Coach: Carlos Alberto Parreira South Africa vs Mexico was the opening match of the World Cup, held on 11 June 2010. It was described as an \"enthralling\" and \"pulsating\" match. South Africa opened the scoring in the 55th minute after Siphiwe Tshabalala scored off a pass through Mexico's defence by Teko Modise. Mexico's captain Rafael Márquez equalised following a corner kick in the 79th minute. In the final minutes of the match, Katlego Mphela almost scored a winning goal for South Africa,",
"title": "South Africa at the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "20953602",
"text": "representative team at the FIFA Confederations Cup is decided by a play-off between the winners of the last two tournament editions. Since the inaugural tournament in 1963, the Gold Cup was held 24 times and has been won by seven different nations, most often by Mexico (10 titles). South Africa participated once, as invitee, in 2005. After defeating heavyweight Mexico in their first match, they followed up with a row of draws and were eliminated on penalties in the quarter-final against Panama. In May 2005, that year's eventual South African league champions, the Kaizer Chiefs, were banned from African club",
"title": "South Africa at the CONCACAF Gold Cup"
},
{
"id": "1448615",
"text": "that he and the other members of FIFA's executive committee were bribed in order to promote the South African 1998 and 2010 World Cup bids. Blazer stated, \"I and others on the Fifa executive committee agreed to accept bribes in conjunction with the selection of South Africa as the host nation for the 2010 World Cup.\" On 6 June 2015, \"The Daily Telegraph\" reported that Morocco had actually won the vote, but South Africa was awarded the tournament instead. The qualification draw for the 2010 World Cup was held in Durban on 25 November 2007. As the host nation, South",
"title": "2010 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "4064205",
"text": "at the event. Radebe was first included in the South African national team in 1992 and he made his international debut on 7 July 1992 against Cameroon. In 1996, he was a member of the South African team that won the African Nations Cup. This triumph, coupled with the country's earlier victory in the Rugby World Cup helped to establish the country as a real force in the world of sport. Radebe was also the captain of the South African national football team during both the 1998 FIFA World Cup and 2002 FIFA World Cup's. South Africa failed to reach",
"title": "Lucas Radebe"
},
{
"id": "1448613",
"text": "South Africa to be granted host status, Nelson Mandela had previously spoken of the importance of football in his life, stating that while incarcerated in Robben Island prison playing football \"made us feel alive and triumphant despite the situation we found ourselves in\". With South Africa winning their bid, an emotional Mandela raised the FIFA World Cup Trophy. During 2006 and 2007, rumours circulated in various news sources that the 2010 World Cup could be moved to another country. Franz Beckenbauer, Horst R. Schmidt and, reportedly, some FIFA executives, expressed concern over the planning, organisation, and pace of South Africa's",
"title": "2010 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "7628314",
"text": "England 12–6, and became the first nation to win the cup away from home. The 1995 Rugby World Cup was hosted by South Africa, and was the first time that all matches would be played in just a single country. It was the first time that South Africa participated in the tournament following the end of their international sports boycott due to the apartheid regime. South Africa won the tournament, defeating New Zealand 15–12 in the final. Joel Stransky kicked a drop-goal in extra time to grab the victory for South Africa. The All Blacks were mysteriously struck down with",
"title": "History of the Rugby World Cup"
},
{
"id": "7993509",
"text": "Rugby union in South Africa Rugby union in South Africa is a very popular team sport, along with cricket and football, and is widely played all over the country. The National team is among the strongest in the world and has been ranked in the top seven of the World Rugby Rankings since its inception in 2003. The country hosted and won the 1995 Rugby World Cup, and won again the 2007 tournament in France. Given South Africa's history, as with much else in South Africa, the organisation and playing of rugby has been entangled with politics, and racial politics",
"title": "Rugby union in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "3864674",
"text": "most famous for being captain of the first South Africa team to win the World Cup. Prior to the World Cup in 1995, the Springboks were only seeded ninth and were not expected to dethrone the incumbent champions Australia, who had not lost a game in the preceding 12 months. During the tournament, South Africa defeated Australia, Romania, Canada, Western Samoa, and France. They then met New Zealand in the 1995 Rugby World Cup Final at Ellis Park Stadium. Pienaar played on in extra-time despite a calf strain and the Springboks secured a three-point victory with a drop goal from",
"title": "Francois Pienaar"
},
{
"id": "5129552",
"text": "Africa was back on the world stage, and were awarded the right to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. Within a month the country hosted their first international match as World Cup quarterfinalists Cameroon came to play in three matches to celebrate the unity process. In September 1992, South Africa played its first junior international against Botswana at under-16 level in Lenasia and to date the country has entered a team in each of FIFA's and CAF's competitions, from under-17 to national team level, and also for the women's team. In the short space of six years,",
"title": "South African Football Association"
},
{
"id": "3812617",
"text": "the FIFA World Cup, qualifying for France '98. Under head coach Philippe Troussier, South Africa suffered a heavy 3–0 defeat to hosts France in their World Cup debut, but played credibly against other group opponents Denmark and Asian juggernauts Saudi Arabia, earning 1–1 and 2–2 draws respectively on their way to an early exit. Following their successful 1996 and 1998 Africa Cup of Nations' campaigns and their World Cup debut in 1998, South Africa were seen as a growing power on the continent. Under the coaching of the newly hired Trott Moloto they would start the decade off strongly, finishing",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "1448645",
"text": "Spain, who played a total of 635 minutes, and the Bronze Boot to Wesley Sneijder of the Netherlands, who played 652 minutes. Diego Forlán of Uruguay had five goals and one assist in 654 minutes. A further three players scored four goals. Only 145 goals were scored at South Africa 2010, the lowest of any FIFA World Cup since the tournament switched to a 64-game format. This continued a downward trend since the first 64-game finals were held 12 years earlier, with 171 goals at France 1998, 161 at Korea/Japan 2002 and 147 at Germany 2006. 28 players were suspended",
"title": "2010 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "3812652",
"text": "0–0 draw. Following these two matches, Bafana Bafana moved up two places to 67th in the FIFA world ranking. South Africa then took on Congo at the Stade Municipal de Pointe-Noire on 11 October. The game was won 2–0 with goals from Bongani Ndulula and Tokelo Rantie in the second half. This victory brought South Africa to the top of Group A. Next was the return match in Polokwane's Peter Mokaba Stadium. The game ended in a 0–0 stalemate which kept South Africa at the top of the group. Following these two matches, South Africa climbed ten places in the",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "3341952",
"text": "in bilateral series which saw the Proteas rise to No. 1 in the ICC ODI Championship. They also hold the record of the highest successful run chase and made the highest total (the latter record has been surpassed) in One-Day Internationals (438–9 in 49.5 overs), in an iconic match against Australia on 12 March 2006. This game is considered by many to be the greatest One-Day International ever played. South Africa beat Netherlands by 231 runs in Mohali in Group matches in ICC World Cup 2011, The 231-run win is the fourth largest margin of victory for any team in",
"title": "South Africa national cricket team"
},
{
"id": "3341951",
"text": "world best bowler Dale Steyn. This saw South Africa crash out of the 2015 World Cup despite playing some fantastic cricket throughout the entire tournament. This loss was probably the most heartbreaking for South Africa to New Zealand in the semi final which saw each and every South African player get emotional in the post match presentation. Although South Africa lost in this match they won hearts of every cricket fan as they won their first Knockout match in the World Cup Quarter final against Sri Lanka. After a good world cup South Africa went on to dominate ODI cricket",
"title": "South Africa national cricket team"
},
{
"id": "3311860",
"text": "by the Brazilian public and media for playing an outdated brand of football and not using the players available to him properly. Parreira subsequently resigned on July 19, 2006. He coached Brazil to victory in the 1994 FIFA World Cup and was the coach of the South Africa national football team until resigning in April 2008. On October 22, 2009 it was announced he would return as head coach of South Africa. He announced a verbal agreement with the South African Football Association on October 23, 2009. He resumed coaching South Africa in 2009 in time for the 2010 World",
"title": "Carlos Alberto Parreira"
},
{
"id": "145436",
"text": "preceding three years, to determine which teams qualify for the tournament phase, which is often called the \"World Cup Finals\". After this, 32 teams, including the automatically qualifying host nation(s), compete in the tournament phase for the title at venues within the host nation(s) over a period of about a month. The 21 World Cup tournaments have been won by eight national teams. Brazil have won five times, and they are the only team to have played in every tournament. The other World Cup winners are Germany and Italy, with four titles each; Argentina, France and inaugural winner Uruguay, with",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "11796455",
"text": "South Africa at the Commonwealth Games South Africa has competed at six of the nineteen Commonwealth Games which have been held; from the original Games in 1930 to 1958, and from 1994. Because of South Africa's then apartheid policy, South Africa withdrew from the British Commonwealth in 1961, but was later re-admitted in 1994. At the 2006 Commonwealth Games, South Africa was fifth in the medal tally; with a total of 38 medals (12 Gold, 13 Silver and 13 Bronze). South Africa was sixth in the All-time tally of medals, with an overall total of 280 medals (92 Gold, 92",
"title": "South Africa at the Commonwealth Games"
},
{
"id": "3812631",
"text": "it was not to be as while South Africa did secure an historic victory over France, they failed to score again and conceded a late goal for a 2–1 victory while the Uruguayans had failed to add to their lead, as they ran out 1–0 victors over Mexico. For the second World Cup in a row South Africa finished level on points with second place but were eliminated, this time on goal difference while it had been on goals scored in 2002. Elimination in the group stage made South Africa the first hosts to fail to progress beyond the first",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "5129543",
"text": "admitted to FIFA in 1992 and its senior team has since represented South Africa at the Africa Cup of Nations and the FIFA World Cup. During SAFA's time as the FIFA-affiliated football organisation, South Africa has also hosted several editions of the COSAFA Cup, the 1996 Africa Cup of Nations and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The South African Football Association is responsible for the administration of the South African national football teams (both men's and women's), and the third tier and below of the South African Football league system. The Premier Soccer League administrates the top two divisions and",
"title": "South African Football Association"
},
{
"id": "2558802",
"text": "Constitution of South Africa The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic of South Africa. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government. The current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by the Parliament elected in 1994 in the South African general election, 1994. It was promulgated by President Nelson Mandela on 18 December 1996 and came into effect on 4 February 1997, replacing the Interim Constitution of 1993. Since 1996, the Constitution has been amended",
"title": "Constitution of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "9913875",
"text": "the popularity of sports such as football (soccer), rugby union, cricket and even Australian rules football and also due to their location meaning a lack of meaningful international matches. The South Africa national rugby league team (Rhinos) is ranked 24th in the world out of 29 countries ranked and doesn't enjoy the success or media attention that other sports receive. The national team dates back to the early 60's and have featured in 2 World Cups, the 1995 Rugby League World Cup and the 2000 Rugby League World Cup. South African players who have played professionally in Australasia's NRL and",
"title": "Sport in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "418203",
"text": "(modulates) and ends in a different key, a feature it shares with the Italian and the Philippine national anthems, makes it compositionally unusual. The lyrics employ the five of the most widely spoken of South Africa's eleven official languages – Xhosa (first stanza, first two lines), Zulu (first stanza, last two lines), Sesotho (second stanza), Afrikaans (third stanza), and English (final stanza). The first half was arranged by M. Kumhalo and the latter half of the song was arranged by Jeanne Zaidel-Rudolph, who also wrote the final verse. From the late 1940s to the early 1990s, South Africa was governed",
"title": "National anthem of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "1375500",
"text": "champions winning the World Cup, until Spain (champions of the UEFA Euro 2008) defeated the Netherlands in the South Africa 2010 FIFA World Cup Final. France have also held both trophies, albeit in a different order, at the same time by winning the 1998 World Cup followed by Euro 2000. Joao Havelange (former FIFA President from 1974 to 1998) claimed that the 1966 and 1974 World Cups were fixed so that England and Germany would win respectively. This was only the second time that a team had won the World Cup after losing a match in the Finals (West Germany",
"title": "1974 FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "11957794",
"text": "South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini (Swaziland); and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho. South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 25th-largest country in the world by land area and, with over 57 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It",
"title": "South Africa"
},
{
"id": "11796456",
"text": "Silver and 96 Bronze). South Africa at the Commonwealth Games South Africa has competed at six of the nineteen Commonwealth Games which have been held; from the original Games in 1930 to 1958, and from 1994. Because of South Africa's then apartheid policy, South Africa withdrew from the British Commonwealth in 1961, but was later re-admitted in 1994. At the 2006 Commonwealth Games, South Africa was fifth in the medal tally; with a total of 38 medals (12 Gold, 13 Silver and 13 Bronze). South Africa was sixth in the All-time tally of medals, with an overall total of 280",
"title": "South Africa at the Commonwealth Games"
},
{
"id": "3812618",
"text": "third in the 2000 edition of the Africa Cup of Nations, but as was increasingly symptomatic of football in South Africa at the national level, yet another coaching change was made. Portuguese Carlos Queiroz was hired as the man to take South Africa to the 2002 FIFA World Cup. South Africa qualified for the 2002 Africa Cup of Nations and were eliminated in the quarter-finals against hosts Mali. In the run-up to the 2002 FIFA World Cup, for which South Africa had easily qualified for as winners of Group E, Queiroz left his post as head coach amid increasing behind-the-scenes",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "3341939",
"text": "April 1992. The match was played in Bridgetown, Barbados and South Africa lost by 52 runs. Since South Africa have been reinstated they have achieved mixed success, and hosted the International Cricket Council Cricket World Cup in 2003. However, it is widely believed the sides containing the likes of Allan Donald, Shaun Pollock, Gary Kirsten, Jacques Kallis and Hansie Cronje grossly underachieved, gaining a reputation as \"chokers\", due to them reaching the semi-finals of the Cricket World Cup four times, but failing to progress into the finals. In the second part of the 1990s, South Africa had the highest winning",
"title": "South Africa national cricket team"
},
{
"id": "10673126",
"text": "Cup of Nations hosted in South Africa. On 16 June 2013, Parker scored an own goal in a 2–1 defeat to Ethiopia which ended South Africa's chances of qualifying for the 2014 World Cup. Earlier in the match he had given South Africa a 1–0 lead. Parker also scored by chipping the ball over Víctor Valdés in the 56th minute in a 1–0 shock win over the then-world and European champions Spain at Soccer City, where it won the World Cup in 2010. Parker won the top goalscorer award at the 2014 African Nations Championship with four goals from three",
"title": "Bernard Parker"
},
{
"id": "3812664",
"text": "large tournaments in which the team play, such as the FIFA World Cup and Africa Cup of Nations, have separate broadcast rights. SuperSport purchase the pay TV rights to these tournaments, thus during these tournaments, they also show South African matches. The SABC usually holds the free to air rights to these tournaments, with the notable exception being the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Those matches were shown by e.tv. When the team returned to international football in 1992, their kit was supplied by Italian clothing company, Kappa. The team wore Kappa kits up to and during the 1998 FIFA World",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "2130857",
"text": "President of South Africa The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution of South Africa. From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President. The President is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections were held on 27 April 1994. The Constitution limits the president's time in office to two five-year terms. The first president to be elected under the",
"title": "President of South Africa"
},
{
"id": "17026566",
"text": "South American nations at the FIFA World Cup Nine of ten members of the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL) have competed in the men's FIFA World Cup finals. National association football teams from CONMEBOL have won the tournament nine times, including Brazil's record five championships. CONMEBOL countries have hosted the finals five times. The team ranking in each tournament is according to FIFA. The rankings, apart from the top four positions (top two in 1930), are not a result of direct competition between the teams; instead, teams eliminated in the same round are ranked by their full results in the",
"title": "South American nations at the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "3812656",
"text": "to secure Nigeria's qualification as Congo beat Sudan 1–0 to book their place at the tournament. Under Mashaba, South Africa failed to qualify for the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations. This, in addition to the various controversies, disparaging remarks that Mashaba allegedly made about SAFA top officials, his supposedly arrogant nature and his ill treatment of overseas based stars, led to his suspension after leading South Africa to a 2−1 victory over Senegal in a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifier. \"Bafana Bafana\" is a nickname given to the national side by its fans. It is Zulu and translates literally as",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "9913877",
"text": "final is remembered as one of the most famous South African sporting moments. The domestic league – the Currie Cup is also played annually, as well as the international Super Rugby. After being tainted by associations with apartheid, the Springboks (or 'Boks') have sought to become part of the 'New South Africa', with President Nelson Mandela wearing the Springbok jersey, once only worn by whites, at the final of the 1995 Rugby World Cup. South Africa won the 1995 Rugby World Cup and the 2007 Rugby World Cup. South African Sailing is the national governing body for the sport of",
"title": "Sport in South Africa"
},
{
"id": "3341949",
"text": "Australia, New Zealand and Bangladesh that cost them the No. 1 ranking. Then they bowed out in the semi-finals with their lowest ever score in a World Cup as Australia bowled them out for 149 and won by 7 wickets. In the 2011 World Cup, South Africa topped Group B with the distinction of bowling out every side they played within the 50 over limit, which also included a famous victory over hosts India. In the quarter final they were beaten by New Zealand after suffering a dramatic collapse and losing eight wickets for 68 runs. Even after many setbacks,",
"title": "South Africa national cricket team"
},
{
"id": "5129553",
"text": "SAFA has achieved remarkable success with qualification for the World Cup finals in France in 1998, the title of African champions at the 1996 African Nations Cup finals, which the country hosted, and the runners-up berth in Burkina Faso two years later. At under-20 level, South Africa were runners-up at the 1997 African Youth Championship in Morocco and qualified to play at the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship in Malaysia. At club level, Orlando Pirates won the prestigious African Champions Cup in 1995, the first club from the southern African region to take the title in more than 30 years",
"title": "South African Football Association"
},
{
"id": "3341948",
"text": "Shaun Pollock resigned as captain and was replaced by young batsman Graeme Smith, although Pollock continued to play for the team. Under Smith's leadership, South Africa has achieved some success, although they have been hampered by the retirements of many star players, including fast bowler Allan Donald and one-day specialist Jonty Rhodes. As a result, they had a poor 2004, only winning against the Windies. In the 2007 Cricket World Cup they had a rollercoaster ride that included dominant wins over England, the West Indies, Ireland, Netherlands and Scotland, and a narrow win over Sri Lanka, but devastating losses to",
"title": "South Africa national cricket team"
},
{
"id": "4361619",
"text": "retired from international matches after the 2002 World Cup. However, he returned to the national team in 2004 and eventually set the record for most international goals for South Africa; McCarthy's strike in the second half of a 3–0 win against Paraguay in a 2008 friendly eclipsed the previous record of 29 goals held by Shaun Bartlett. Prior to the 2010 World Cup, held in South Africa, McCarthy announced his support for the Gun-Free World Cup campaign being run by International Action Network on Small Arms. He said, \"This World Cup will be the biggest in football history and the",
"title": "Benni McCarthy"
},
{
"id": "9905806",
"text": "South Africa, after serving as the Chairman of South Africa's 2010 FIFA World Cup bid. Khoza was part of the team who secured the right to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa and later became the chairman of the South African Organising Committee. At the announcement of South Africa's success, Khoza said that \"This is the people of the world voting for Africa's renewal.\" Irvin Khoza is married to Matina. Their daughter Sonono Khoza had a relationship with former president Jacob Zuma and gave him his 20th child, named Thandekile Matina Zuma. Irvin Khoza Irvin Khoza (born",
"title": "Irvin Khoza"
},
{
"id": "145469",
"text": "future boycotts or controversy, FIFA began a pattern of alternating the hosts between the Americas and Europe, which continued until the 1998 FIFA World Cup. The 2002 FIFA World Cup, hosted jointly by South Korea and Japan, was the first one held in Asia, and the first tournament with multiple hosts. South Africa became the first African nation to host the World Cup in 2010. The 2014 FIFA World Cup was hosted by Brazil, the first held in South America since Argentina 1978, and was the first occasion where consecutive World Cups were held outside Europe. The host country is",
"title": "FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "3812616",
"text": "South Africa finished second in the group, and failed to qualify for the next stage of the qualifiers. In 1996, a mere 5 years after readmission, South Africa achieved their finest moment when they hosted (and won) the 1996 Africa Cup of Nations, in the process reaching the lofty heights of 16th in the FIFA rankings. The shock firing of Cup of Nations winning coach Clive Barker did little to slow momentum as they followed their 1996 success with a second-placed finish at the 1998 Africa Cup of Nations under Jomo Sono. The team had earned their first appearance at",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "3812622",
"text": "in the group that managed to hold its own against runaway group winners Spain, as both Slovenia and Paraguay were comfortably cast aside 3–1 by the Spanish. This era (1996–2002) of rising football prowess saw South Africa blessed with fine footballers such as record-setting goalscorers Benni McCarthy & Shaun Bartlett, defensive hardmen and inspirational captains Lucas Radebe & Neil Tovey, creative maestros John Moshoeu & Doctor Khumalo and defensive stalwart Mark Fish. In the period following the 2002 World Cup and leading up to the 2006 FIFA World Cup, South Africa would go through 4 head coaches; Ephraim Mashaba (2002–2004),",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "4674479",
"text": "at Glendower Golf Club. Gary Player has been the most successful player in the tournament's history, with 13 victories over four decades between 1956 and 1981. Bobby Locke won nine titles, Sid Brews won eight titles, and George Fotheringham won the event five times. Prior to European Tour co-sanctioning Eighteen men have won this tournament more than once through 2018. South African Open (golf) The South African Open Championship is one of the oldest national open golf championships in the world, and is one of the principal tournaments on the Sunshine Tour. Since 1997 it has also been co-sanctioned by",
"title": "South African Open (golf)"
},
{
"id": "357988",
"text": "years. South Africa hosted the 2010 FIFA World Cup, a first for a Sub-Saharan country. In 2010, Cameroon played in the World Cup for the sixth time, which is the current record for a Sub-Saharan team. In 1996 Nigeria won the Olympic gold for football. In 2000 Cameroon maintained the continent's supremacy by winning the title too. Momentous achievements for Sub-Saharan African football. Famous Sub-Saharan football stars include Abedi Pele, Emmanuel Adebayor, George Weah, Michael Essien, Didier Drogba, Roger Milla, Nwankwo Kanu, Jay-Jay Okocha, Bruce Grobbelaar, Samuel Eto'o, Kolo Touré, Yaya Touré, Sadio Mané and Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang. The most talented",
"title": "Sub-Saharan Africa"
},
{
"id": "3812636",
"text": "Komphela oversaw yet another uninspired performance in South Africa's second World Cup qualifier against Botswana as they drew yet again, extending their winless run to 8 games. \"Bafana Bafana\" finally tasted victory when they defeated Gabon 3–0 at home in a friendly, ending their winless streak. Komphela, along with Gordon Igesund, Gavin Hunt, Neil Tovey and Ephraim \"Shakes\" Mashaba had been shortlisted as one of the candidates to be the next head coach of South Africa, with Komphela and Igesund emerging as the front-runners. On 30 June 2012, Gordon Igesund was appointed as the new head coach. Following the crisis",
"title": "South Africa national football team"
},
{
"id": "7584327",
"text": "which more than one vote round was required. Three votes were eventually needed. Germany was at least tied for first in each of the three votes, and ended up defeating South Africa by only one vote after an abstention (see below). The controversy over the decision to award the 2006 FIFA World Cup to Germany led to a further change in practice. The final tally was 12 votes to 11 in favour of Germany over the contenders South Africa, who had been favorites to win. New Zealand FIFA member Charlie Dempsey, who was instructed to vote for South Africa by",
"title": "FIFA World Cup hosts"
},
{
"id": "2325444",
"text": "the retirements of key players. In the 2013/14 Ashes series, Australia again defeated England 5 nil and climbed back to third in the ICC International Test rankings. In February/March 2014, Australia beat South Africa, the number 1 team in the world, 2–1 and overtook them to return to the top of the rankings. In 2015, Australia won the World Cup, losing just one game for the tournament. , Australia was ranked third in the ICC Test Championship, fifth in the ICC ODI Championship and second in the ICC T20I Championship. On 25 March 2018, during the third Test match against",
"title": "Australia national cricket team"
},
{
"id": "4085057",
"text": "FIFA U-20 World Cup The FIFA U-20 World Cup is the biennial football world championship for male players under the age of 20, organised by FIFA. The competition has been staged every two years since the first tournament in 1977 held in Tunisia. Until 2005 it was known as the FIFA World Youth Championship. In the twenty-one tournaments held, ten different nations have won the title. Argentina is the most successful team with six titles, followed by Brazil with five titles. Portugal and Serbia have both won two titles (with the latter winning once as Yugoslavia), while Ghana, Germany, Spain,",
"title": "FIFA U-20 World Cup"
},
{
"id": "3341946",
"text": "36, with one no-result. As of 15 March 2018, the ICC ranks South Africa second in Tests, second in ODIs and seventh in T20Is, as well as sixth in the women's overall championship. South Africa has a record of failing to win major tournaments and is much-maligned because of this. The 1992 Cricket World Cup, for example, featured a rain-affected semi-final played before the introduction of the Duckworth-Lewis rain rule. South Africa needed 22 runs from 13 balls when rain intervened. After the delay they were left in the situation of requiring 22 runs from one ball to progress. In",
"title": "South Africa national cricket team"
},
{
"id": "3341944",
"text": "Test Cricket. During this time of dominance in the Test arena, the ODI and T20I performances were far less consistent, as South Africa search for a winning formula ahead of the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 and the 2015 ICC Cricket World Cup. A notable ODI series loss to New Zealand at home in January 2013, and a further loss in Sri Lanka highlighted South Africa's recent difficulties. Exits from the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy only served to improve South Africa's reputation as 'chokers' in major tournaments. In the latter years of Smith's career, South",
"title": "South Africa national cricket team"
},
{
"id": "14642818",
"text": "a 17-year-old against Brazil in 1994. (The second man to be red carded at two World Cups would be Zinedine Zidane eight years later.) In Group C, South Africa began their debut World Cup finals campaign with a 0–3 loss to hosts and eventual champions France. They then drew 1–1 with Denmark, Benni McCarthy scoring their first World Cup finals goal. They needed to win big in their final match against Saudi Arabia but could only manage a 2–2 draw, giving away two penalties and only managing to equalize late into injury time with their own penalty, taken by brace-scorer",
"title": "African nations at the FIFA World Cup"
},
{
"id": "6722016",
"text": "a group stage, with the final 16 progressing to knockout stages to decide the winner. As of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, 79 national teams have competed at the final tournaments. Brazil are the only team to have appeared in all 21 tournaments to date, with Germany having participated in 19, Italy in 18, Argentina in 17 and Mexico in 16. To date, eight nations have won the tournament. The inaugural winners in 1930 were Uruguay; the current champions are France. The most successful nation in the competition are currently Brazil, who have won the cup on five occasions. Five",
"title": "National team appearances in the FIFA World Cup"
}
] | how many times has south africa won the world cup |
|
| [
{
"id": "597315",
"text": "code talkers who developed the code, Chester Nez, died on June 4, 2014. The deployment of the Navajo code talkers continued through the Korean War and after, until it was ended early in the Vietnam War. The Navajo code is the only spoken military code never to have been deciphered. In the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, Egypt employed Nubian-speaking Nubian people as code talkers. The last surviving Seminole code talker, Edmond Harjo of the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, died on March 31, 2014, at the age of 96. His biography was recounted by Speaker of the United States House of Representatives",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "597299",
"text": "built upon their native languages. Their service improved the speed of encryption of communications at both ends in front line operations during World War II. The name \"code talkers\" is strongly associated with bilingual Navajo speakers specially recruited during World War II by the Marines to serve in their standard communications units in the Pacific Theater. Code talking, however, was pioneered by the Cherokee and Choctaw peoples during World War I. Other Native American code talkers were deployed by the United States Army during World War II, including Lakota, Meskwaki, Mohawk and Comanche soldiers; they served in the Pacific, North",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "11726530",
"text": "Flagstaff, Arizona. Navajo President Joe Shirley, Jr. ordered flags to be flown at half staff from February 13 to 16 in his honor. Merril Sandoval Merril Sandoval (April 18, 1925 – February 9, 2008) was an American Navajo World War II veteran and a member of the Navajo Code Talkers, a group of United States Marines who transmitted important messages in their native Navajo language in order to stop the Japanese from intercepting sensitive material. Sandoval took part in every Marine landing in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II from 1943 until 1945. Merril Sandoval was born on",
"title": "Merril Sandoval"
},
{
"id": "6323365",
"text": "1940 rejected a proposal by the BIA that segregated units be created for the Indians. They gained firsthand experience with how they could assimilate into the modern world and many did not return to the overcrowded reservation with few jobs. Four hundred Navajo Code Talkers played a famous role during World War II by relaying radio messages using their own language, which the Japanese were unable to understand. In the 1940s, large quantities of uranium were discovered in Navajo land. From then into the early 21st century, the U.S. allowed mining without sufficient environmental protection for workers, waterways, and land.",
"title": "Navajo"
},
{
"id": "597321",
"text": "or WWII (with the exception of the already-awarded Navajo) with a Congressional Gold Medal. The act was designed to be distinct for each tribe, with silver duplicates awarded to the individual code talkers or their next-of-kin. As of 2013, 33 tribes have been identified and been honored at a ceremony at Emancipation Hall at the U.S. Capitol Visitor Center. One surviving code talker was present, Edmond Harjo. On November 27, 2017, three Navajo code talkers, along with the president of the Navajo Nation, Russell Begaye, appeared with President Donald Trump in the Oval Office in an official White House ceremony",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "16643103",
"text": "People Clan).\" He enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps in January 1944 during World War II. Willeto joined the 6th Marine Division, serving in the Pacific Theater in Saipan and Okinawa as a Navajo code talker. The code talkers’ role in the war was not disclosed until 1968, when documents on the talkers were declassified. Willeto and other surviving Navajo code talkers were awarded the Congressional Silver Medal in 2001. He returned to the Navajo Nation following the end of World War II. He was employed in the roads department of the Bureau of Indian Affairs from 1946 until 1974.",
"title": "Frank Chee Willeto"
},
{
"id": "11726523",
"text": "Merril Sandoval Merril Sandoval (April 18, 1925 – February 9, 2008) was an American Navajo World War II veteran and a member of the Navajo Code Talkers, a group of United States Marines who transmitted important messages in their native Navajo language in order to stop the Japanese from intercepting sensitive material. Sandoval took part in every Marine landing in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II from 1943 until 1945. Merril Sandoval was born on April 18, 1925, in Nageezi, New Mexico. His first language was Navajo. He was later enrolled at Farmington Methodist Mission School in Farmington,",
"title": "Merril Sandoval"
},
{
"id": "597311",
"text": "by machines at that time. The idea was accepted, with Vogel recommending that the Marines recruit 200 Navajo. The first 29 Navajo recruits attended boot camp in May 1942. This first group created the Navajo code at Camp Pendleton, Oceanside, California. The Navajo code was formally developed and modeled on the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet that uses agreed-upon English words to represent letters. As it was determined that phonetically spelling out all military terms letter by letter into words — while in combat — would be too time-consuming, some terms, concepts, tactics, and instruments of modern warfare were given uniquely",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "597319",
"text": "declassification of the operation in 1968. In 1982, the code talkers were given a Certificate of Recognition by U.S. President Ronald Reagan, who also named August 14, 1982, as \"Navajo Code Talkers Day\". On December 21, 2000, President Bill Clinton signed Public Law 106-554, 114 Statute 2763, which awarded the Congressional Gold Medal to the original 29 World War II Navajo code talkers and Silver Medals to each person who qualified as a Navajo code talker (approximately 300). In July 2001, U.S. President George W. Bush personally presented the Medal to four surviving original code talkers (the fifth living original",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "14936569",
"text": "as code talkers, June hitchhiked to Fort Defiance and Fort Wingate to enlist. June enlisted in 1941 and became one of the 29 original Navajo code talkers in the U.S. Marines. he served until the end of World War II in 1945, when he was honorably discharged with the rank of sergeant. June received a bachelor's degree in business administration, accounting and economics from New Mexico Highlands University in 1952. He later also obtained a master's degree in 1975 from the University of Utah. Dale, along with the other original 9 Navajo code talkers, received the Congressional Gold Medal on",
"title": "Allen Dale June"
},
{
"id": "14936571",
"text": "nephews. He was buried at a family cemetery in Kaibeto, Arizona. Navajo Nation President Joe Shirley Jr. ordered all flags to be flown at half staff in June's honor. With June's death in 2010, Lloyd Oliver's death in 2011, and Chester Nez's death on June 4, 2014, none of the original 29 Navajo code talkers are alive. Allen Dale June Allen Dale June (November 28, 1921 – September 8, 2010) was an American veteran of World War II. June was one of the 29 original Navajo code talkers who served in the United States Marine Corps during the war. June",
"title": "Allen Dale June"
},
{
"id": "16933975",
"text": "as young as fifteen had enlisted. Navajo code talkers fought in every major campaign of the Pacific Theater between 1942 and 1945; from Guadalcanal to Okinawa. They saved countless lives with their simple transmissions and also helped hasten the war's end. Their code was never broken and continued to be used by American forces during the Korean War and at the beginning of the Vietnam War. Several military installations were built in New Mexico just after the war began, including airbases, prisoner of war camps and internment camps. Among the most prominent of the new bases was Kirtland Field, in",
"title": "New Mexico during World War II"
},
{
"id": "15796305",
"text": "a lot of lives.\" At the end of World War II, Morris was told by his commanders not to speak of the Navajo code talkers with anyone. That included Morris' parents and wife, whom he did not tell either. Morris began revealing the details of the Navajo code talkers only the code talkers' mission and role in the war was declassified in 1968. Morris was honorable discharged from the Marines in 1946 and married his wife, Charlotte Morris. He was hired at a Marine supply center in Barstow, California, and settled in the small town of Daggett, a small town",
"title": "Joe Morris Sr."
},
{
"id": "13407087",
"text": "John Brown Jr. (Navajo) John Brown Jr. (December 24, 1921 – May 20, 2009) was an American Navajo Code Talker during World War II. Brown was born in Chinle, Arizona. He was the son of Nonabah Begay and John Brown. Brown was educated in Chinle Boarding School and Albuquerque Indian School. He graduated from the latter in 1940. Brown joined the United States military right after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. He was one of the original 29 code talkers, who were the ones who actually developed the code. Later on, for a time, Brown served as a member of",
"title": "John Brown Jr. (Navajo)"
},
{
"id": "14936568",
"text": "Allen Dale June Allen Dale June (November 28, 1921 – September 8, 2010) was an American veteran of World War II. June was one of the 29 original Navajo code talkers who served in the United States Marine Corps during the war. June was born in Kaibito, Arizona on November 28, 1921, to a Navajo family. His mother was , born for , and his father was named , born for . June graduated from Tuba City Vocational High School in Tuba City in 1941. Once the United States entered World War II later that year and began recruiting Navajos",
"title": "Allen Dale June"
},
{
"id": "16811304",
"text": "fifteen had enlisted. Navajo code talkers fought in every major campaign of the Pacific theater between 1942 and 1945; from Guadalcanal to Okinawa. They saved countless lives with their simple transmissions and also helped hasten the war's end. Their code was never broken and continued to be used by American forces during the Korean War and at the beginning of the Vietnam War. Reservation life was also affected by the war. For example, when the government announced its plans to build the Poston War Relocation Center on the Colorado River Indian Reservation, the Tribal Council opposed the idea because \"they",
"title": "Arizona during World War II"
},
{
"id": "597313",
"text": "The Navajo code talkers were commended for the skill, speed, and accuracy they demonstrated throughout the war. At the Battle of Iwo Jima, Major Howard Connor, 5th Marine Division signal officer, had six Navajo code talkers working around the clock during the first two days of the battle. These six sent and received over 800 messages, all without error. Connor later stated, \"Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima.\" To ensure a consistent use of code terminologies throughout the Pacific Theater, representative code talkers of each of the U.S. Marine divisions met in",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "597306",
"text": "a vocabulary of over 100 code terms using words or phrases in their own language. Using a substitution method similar to the Navajo, the Comanche code word for tank was \"turtle,\" bomber was \"pregnant airplane,\" machine gun was \"sewing machine,\" and Adolf Hitler was referred to as \"crazy white man.\" Two Comanche code talkers were assigned to each regiment while the rest were assigned to 4th Infantry Division headquarters. Shortly after landing on Utah Beach on June 6, 1944, the Comanche began transmitting messages. Some were wounded but none killed. In 1989, the French government awarded the Comanche code talkers",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "13896263",
"text": "Willard Varnell Oliver Willard Varnell Oliver (May 2, 1921 – October 14, 2009) was an American veteran of the United States Marine Corps and a member of the Navajo Code Talkers during World War II. Oliver was part of a unit of Navajos who worked to confuse Japanese forces in the Pacific during World War II through the transmission of messages in the Navajo language. His younger brother, Lloyd Oliver, was also a member of the Navajo Code Talkers. Oliver grew up in a rural area between Shiprock and Farmington, New Mexico and graduated from the Shiprock Agricultural High School",
"title": "Willard Varnell Oliver"
},
{
"id": "17220868",
"text": "ribbon bar of Major General Clayton B. Vogel: Clayton Barney Vogel Clayton Barney Vogel (September 18, 1882 - November 26, 1964) was a United States Marine Corps officer with the rank of Major General who served in a variety of capacities from 1902 until 1946. He is best known for his support of the Navajo code talker program. Clayton B. Vogel was born on September 18, 1882 in Philadelphia as the son of Theodore Knight and Clayonia Woods Vogel. Clayton was influenced by his father, who was veteran of Civil War and served with Union 198th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry as",
"title": "Clayton Barney Vogel"
},
{
"id": "11726527",
"text": "barrage of shelling by the Japanese for the next twenty-four hours. Sandoval was honorably discharged from the military in March 1946 as a U.S. Marine corporal. He returned to the United States in order to finish high school. Sandoval and other Code Talkers were ordered to keep their work in the Pacific a secret following the war. His own family did not learn about the importance of his missions until information concerning the Navajo Code Talkers was declassified in 1968. Sandoval married Lorraine Humetewa Shingoitewa in July 1951. They had five children. Soon after his marriage, he took a job",
"title": "Merril Sandoval"
},
{
"id": "14110474",
"text": "either full-blood or mixed-blood Choctaw Indians. All were born in the Choctaw Nation of the Indian Territory, in what is now southeastern Oklahoma, when their nation was a self-governed republic. Later, other tribes would use their languages for the military in various units, most notably the Navajo in World War II. The 19 known code talkers are as follows: Little was said or written of the code talkers after World War I. The earliest known mention in the media appears to have been 1928, when an Oklahoma City newspaper described their unusual activities. The Choctaw themselves appear not to have",
"title": "Choctaw code talkers"
},
{
"id": "13896264",
"text": "in 1940. He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on March 23, 1943 and served with the 2nd Marine Division. He was honorably discharged on December 11, 1945. Willard Oliver died on October 14, 2009, at the Northern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System Hospital in Prescott, Arizona, at the age of 88. He was the fifth member of the Navajo Code Talkers to die since May 2009. Navajo President Joe Shirley Jr. ordered that American flags on the Navajo Nation be lowered to half staff in Oliver's honor. His funeral was held on October 17, 2009, in his",
"title": "Willard Varnell Oliver"
},
{
"id": "17220848",
"text": "Clayton Barney Vogel Clayton Barney Vogel (September 18, 1882 - November 26, 1964) was a United States Marine Corps officer with the rank of Major General who served in a variety of capacities from 1902 until 1946. He is best known for his support of the Navajo code talker program. Clayton B. Vogel was born on September 18, 1882 in Philadelphia as the son of Theodore Knight and Clayonia Woods Vogel. Clayton was influenced by his father, who was veteran of Civil War and served with Union 198th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry as brevetted Captain. His father was also founding member",
"title": "Clayton Barney Vogel"
},
{
"id": "16811302",
"text": "servicemen. Membership reached over 300 during the war and eventually ended its existence in 1976. Native Americans played a major role in World War II; over 44,000 men and women from many different tribes served in the American military between 1940 and 1945. The most celebrated of all are the code talkers from the Navajo Nation. In need of a way to protect communications from Japanese eavesdroppers, the Marine Corps raised several outfits of Navajo radiomen who could use their native language as a code on the battlefield. The first group, which consisted of twenty-nine men, was recruited by Philip",
"title": "Arizona during World War II"
},
{
"id": "597308",
"text": "North Africa. 27 out of then 168 Meskwaki in Iowa enlisted in the U.S. Army together in January 1941. Philip Johnston, a civil engineer for the city of Los Angeles, proposed the use of Navajo to the United States Marine Corps at the beginning of World War II. Johnston, a World War I veteran, was raised on the Navajo reservation as the son of a missionary to the Navajo and was one of the few non-Navajo who spoke the language fluently. Some Marines wondered whether the Navajo, who had been treated poorly by the US government, would want to fight",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "18084575",
"text": "Chester Nez Chester Nez (January 23, 1921 – June 4, 2014) was an American veteran of World War II. He was the last original Navajo code talker who served in the United States Marine Corps during the war. Nez was born in Chi Chil Tah, New Mexico, to the Navajo (Black Sheep Clan) of the (Sleeping Rock People). He was raised during a time when there were difficult relations between the U.S. government and the Navajo Nation. His mother died when he was only three years old. Nez recalled children often being taken from reservations, sent to boarding schools, and",
"title": "Chester Nez"
},
{
"id": "14110477",
"text": "(Public Law 110-420), was signed into law by President George W. Bush, which recognizes every Native American code talker who served in the United States military during World War I or World War II, with the exception of the already-awarded Navajo, with a Congressional Gold Medal for his tribe, to be retained by the Smithsonian Institution, and a silver medal duplicate to each code talker. Choctaw code talkers The Choctaw code talkers were a group of Choctaw Indians from Oklahoma who pioneered the use of Native American languages as military code. Their exploits took place during the waning days of",
"title": "Choctaw code talkers"
},
{
"id": "13896265",
"text": "hometown of Lukachukai, Arizona. Willard Varnell Oliver Willard Varnell Oliver (May 2, 1921 – October 14, 2009) was an American veteran of the United States Marine Corps and a member of the Navajo Code Talkers during World War II. Oliver was part of a unit of Navajos who worked to confuse Japanese forces in the Pacific during World War II through the transmission of messages in the Navajo language. His younger brother, Lloyd Oliver, was also a member of the Navajo Code Talkers. Oliver grew up in a rural area between Shiprock and Farmington, New Mexico and graduated from the",
"title": "Willard Varnell Oliver"
},
{
"id": "597309",
"text": "for the U.S., but many Navajo enlisted shortly after Pearl Harbor and eagerly contributed to the war effort. \"What happened to the Navajo were social conflicts,\" Navajo Code Talker Albert Smith said. \"But this conflict involved Mother Earth being dominated by foreign countries. It was our responsibility to defend her.\" Because Navajo has a complex grammar, it is not mutually intelligible enough with even its closest relatives within the Na-Dene family to provide meaningful information. At the time, it was still an unwritten language, and Johnston believed Navajo could satisfy the military requirement for an undecipherable code due to it",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "14110475",
"text": "referred to themselves as 'code talkers'. The phrase was not coined until during or after World War II. In describing their wartime activities to family members, at least one member of the group, Tobias W. Frazier, always used the phrase, \"talking on the radio\" by which he meant field telephone. World War II Navajo code talkers have become the subject of movies, documentaries, and books, but not the Choctaw. The Navajo, with their history of opposing the United States in war, have proven in almost all aspects to be a more popular subject than the quiet, orderly, agrarian Choctaw Indians,",
"title": "Choctaw code talkers"
},
{
"id": "597310",
"text": "only being spoken on the Navajo lands of the American Southwest. Its syntax and tonal qualities, not to mention dialects, made it unintelligible to anyone without extensive exposure and training. One estimate indicates that at the outbreak of World War II, fewer than 30 non-Navajo could understand the language. Early in 1942, Johnston met with Major General Clayton B. Vogel, the commanding general of Amphibious Corps, Pacific Fleet, and his staff. Johnston staged tests under simulated combat conditions which demonstrated that Navajo men could encode, transmit, and decode a three-line English message in 20 seconds, versus the 30 minutes required",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "1499419",
"text": "punished. Robert W. Young and William Morgan (Navajo), who both worked for the Navajo Agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, developed and published a practical orthography in 1937. It helped spread education among Navajo speakers. In 1943 the men collaborated on \"The Navajo Language\", a dictionary organized by the roots of the language. In World War II, the United States military used speakers of Navajo as code talkers – to transmit top-secret military messages over telephone and radio in a code based on Navajo. The language was considered ideal because of its grammar, which differs strongly from that of",
"title": "Navajo language"
},
{
"id": "16643107",
"text": "Willeto died at his home in Pueblo Pintado, New Mexico, on June 23, 2012, at the age of 87. New Mexico Governor Susana Martinez ordered flags to be flown at half-mast in Willeto's honor. Navajo Nation President Ben Shelly also offered all Navajo flags to be flown at half staff from June 25 until June 28. His funeral was held at the Tse Yi Gai High School in Pueblo Pintado. Willeto was buried at Santa Fe National Cemetery in Santa Fe, New Mexico, June 29, 2012, at a ceremony attended by 150 people, including Governor Martinez. Frank Willeto Code Talkers",
"title": "Frank Chee Willeto"
},
{
"id": "597318",
"text": "together effectively. The Japanese had an opportunity to attempt this when they captured Joe Kieyoomia in the Philippines in 1942 during the Bataan Death March. Kieyoomia, a Navajo sergeant in the U.S. Army, but not a code talker, was ordered to interpret the radio messages later in the war. However, since Kieyoomia had not participated in the code training, the messages made no sense to him. When he reported that he could not understand the messages, his captors tortured him. The Japanese Imperial Army and Navy never cracked the spoken code. The Navajo code talkers received no recognition until the",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "597312",
"text": "formal descriptive nomenclatures in Navajo. For example, the word for \"shark\" referred to a destroyer, while \"silver oak leaf\" indicated the rank of lieutenant colonel. A codebook was developed to teach the many relevant words and concepts to new initiates. The text was for classroom purposes only and was never to be taken into the field. The code talkers memorized all these variations and practiced their rapid use under stressful conditions during training. Uninitiated Navajo speakers would have no idea what the code talkers' messages meant; they would hear only truncated and disjointed strings of individual, unrelated nouns and verbs.",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "16643108",
"text": "Frank Chee Willeto Frank Chee Willeto (June 6, 1925 – June 23, 2012) was an American politician and Navajo code talker during World War II. Willeto served as the Vice President of the Navajo Nation under President Milton Bluehouse, Sr. from his appointment in August 1998 until January 1999, when the Begaye administration took office. Willeto was born in Crownpoint, New Mexico, on June 6, 1925. According to the \"Navajo Times\", Willeto was \"Bit'ahnii (Folded Arms Clan), born for Tódích'íi'nii (Bitter Water Clan). His chei [mother's grandfather] was Ta'neeszahnii (Tangle Clan) and his nálí (paternal family) was Naakai dine'é (Mexican",
"title": "Frank Chee Willeto"
},
{
"id": "16643102",
"text": "Frank Chee Willeto Frank Chee Willeto (June 6, 1925 – June 23, 2012) was an American politician and Navajo code talker during World War II. Willeto served as the Vice President of the Navajo Nation under President Milton Bluehouse, Sr. from his appointment in August 1998 until January 1999, when the Begaye administration took office. Willeto was born in Crownpoint, New Mexico, on June 6, 1925. According to the \"Navajo Times\", Willeto was \"Bit'ahnii (Folded Arms Clan), born for Tódích'íi'nii (Bitter Water Clan). His chei [mother's grandfather] was Ta'neeszahnii (Tangle Clan) and his nálí (paternal family) was Naakai dine'é (Mexican",
"title": "Frank Chee Willeto"
},
{
"id": "12056693",
"text": "Jerry C. Begay Jerry ClasChee Begay Sr. (December 8, 1924 – May 26, 2008) was an American World War II veteran and a member of the Navajo Code Talkers. Begay was born on December 8, 1924, in Sheep Springs, New Mexico. His parents were Clauschee Begay and . He was a member of the clan and was born for the . Begay attended Toadlena Boarding School and Fort Wingate High School. He enlisted in the United States Marines when he was 17 years old while he was still a student at Fort Wingate High School. He served in the Second",
"title": "Jerry C. Begay"
},
{
"id": "597314",
"text": "Hawaii to discuss shortcomings in the code, incorporate new terms into the system, and update their codebooks. These representatives, in turn, trained other code talkers who could not attend the meeting. As the war progressed, additional code words were added and incorporated program-wide. In other instances, informal shortcut code words were devised for a particular campaign and not disseminated beyond the area of operation. Examples of code words include the Navajo word for buzzard, , which was used for bomber, while the code word used for submarine, , meant iron fish in Navajo. The last of the original 29 Navajo",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "5132181",
"text": "stages of the Battle of Guadalcanal. After the USMC officially instituted the \"talker\" program, Johnston asked the USMC for a special dispensation to serve in the Navajo Code Talking Program as a Staff Sergeant. His request was granted on September 22, 1942, and he served as a school administrator for the \"confidential\" program. By October 26, 1942, Staff Sergeant Philip Johnston USMCR and Corporal John A. Benally USMC, one of the three stateside code talkers, were sent out to recruit more Navajos to join the program. From late October through November 1942, they recruited Navajos throughout the western portion of",
"title": "Philip Johnston (code talker)"
},
{
"id": "12056696",
"text": "at the age of 83. His funeral and burial took place at St. Mary's Catholic Church and Memory Gardens in Farmington, New Mexico. Begay, who was a resident of Lukachukai, Arizona, was survived by his wife, Ella Sorrelman Begay, and his children - Jerry C. Begay Jr., Daniel C. Begay, Priscilla Begay Coutu and Verna Begay Lopez. He was preceded in death by one daughter, Evangeline Begay Alvarez. Jerry C. Begay Jerry ClasChee Begay Sr. (December 8, 1924 – May 26, 2008) was an American World War II veteran and a member of the Navajo Code Talkers. Begay was born",
"title": "Jerry C. Begay"
},
{
"id": "17854459",
"text": "Arthur J. Hubbard Sr. Arthur J. Hubbard Sr. (January 23, 1912 – February 7, 2014) was an American state senator from Arizona, who served as a Navajo Code Talker instructor in World War II. Hubbard was born in 1912 on the Tohono O'odham Nation in Topawa, Arizona Territory, on January 23, 1912, about three weeks before Arizona became a state. He grew up in Ganado, Arizona, which is part of the Navajo Nation, and studied at the University of Arizona. He was the leader of a Navajo tribal band, as a trombone player and singer. From 1939 to 1945 Hubbard",
"title": "Arthur J. Hubbard Sr."
},
{
"id": "5132180",
"text": "to the number of Navajos they could usefully employ\". After training, one group of 50 were assigned to the 1st Marine Division, a second group of 16 were assigned to the 6th Marines and the 2nd Signal Company of the 2nd Marine Division. Three individuals were retained stateside to recruit and train Navajos to become code talkers. The first group of Navajo code talkers arrived at Guadalcanal on September 18, 1942, near Lunga Point. The second group arrived with the 6th Marines on January 4, 1943, and relieved the 1st Marine Division code talkers and then participated in the latter",
"title": "Philip Johnston (code talker)"
},
{
"id": "16946383",
"text": "tank platoon—all manned by black Marines. In early 1942, Philip Johnston, a U.S. Army veteran of World War I, suggested to the USMC that they follow the example of the Army and recruit native speakers of the Navajo language to pass important tactical messages by radio, to serve as code talkers on the battlefield. On May 5, 1942, the first group of 29 Navajo recruits was accepted at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego. From 1942 to 1945, some 375 to 420 Navajo trained as code talkers, part of about 540 Marines who were native Navajo speakers during World War",
"title": "Racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces"
},
{
"id": "13479385",
"text": "Thomas Claw Thomas Claw (February 23, 1922 – May 26, 2009) was an American Navajo Code Talker during World War II. He served with the 1st Marine Division throughout the Pacific theater during the war. Claw was born in Chinle, Arizona, on February 23, 1922. He attended Fort Wingate High School before enlisting in the U.S. Marine Corps on March 13, 1943, in Phoenix, Arizona.Claw, who was fluent in Navajo, was sent to Camp Pendleton to be trained as a code talker. Claw served with the 1st Marine Division as a code talker throughout World War II. He was stationed",
"title": "Thomas Claw"
},
{
"id": "15649620",
"text": "pass important tactical messages by radio, to serve as code talkers on the battlefield. On May 5, 1942, the first group of 29 Navajo recruits was accepted at Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego. From 1942 to 1945, some 375 to 420 Navajo trained as code talkers, part of about 540 Marines who were native Navajo speakers during World War II. All of these soldiers served in desegregated units alongside Marines of various races. A total of 874 Native Americans of various tribes served in the USMC in World War II. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, men of",
"title": "Desegregation in the United States Marine Corps"
},
{
"id": "13407088",
"text": "the Navajo Tribal Council. Brown was a Latter-day Saint. Brown and his wife, the former Loncie Polacca, were the parents of seven children. John Brown Jr. (Navajo) John Brown Jr. (December 24, 1921 – May 20, 2009) was an American Navajo Code Talker during World War II. Brown was born in Chinle, Arizona. He was the son of Nonabah Begay and John Brown. Brown was educated in Chinle Boarding School and Albuquerque Indian School. He graduated from the latter in 1940. Brown joined the United States military right after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. He was one of the original",
"title": "John Brown Jr. (Navajo)"
},
{
"id": "6323352",
"text": "of poor shelters that they had to make with few materials and resources. This period is known among the Navajos as \"The Fearing Time\". The United States military continued to maintain forts on the Navajo reservation in the years following the Long Walk. Between 1873 and 1895, the military employed Navajos as \"Indian Scouts\" at Fort Wingate to assist their regular units. During this period, Chief Manuelito founded the Navajo Tribal Police, which operated between 1872 and 1875 as an anti-raid task force working to maintain the peaceful terms of the 1868 Navajo treaty. By treaty, the Navajos were allowed",
"title": "Navajo"
},
{
"id": "15796307",
"text": "25, 2001, at a ceremony in Window Rock, Arizona. Joe Morris Sr. died from complications of a stroke on July 17, 2011, at Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center in Loma Linda, California, at the age of 85. President of the Navajo Nation Ben Shelly ordered American flags on the Navajo Nation to be lowered to half staff in Morris' honor. He was buried at Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside, California. Joe Morris Sr. Joe Morris Sr. (April 19, 1926 – July 17, 2011) was an American World War II United States Marine veteran and Navajo code talker. Morris",
"title": "Joe Morris Sr."
},
{
"id": "17220866",
"text": "Corps Thomas Holcomb recommending the Navajo Code Talkers. The Navajo were recommended, in part, because Nazi Germany had not infiltrated the Navajo as they were the only \"tribe that has not been infested with German students during the past twenty years. These Germans, studying the various tribal dialects under the guise of art students, anthropologists, etc., have undoubedtly obtained a good working knowledge of all tribal dialects except Navajo.\" General Vogel settled in Bedminster in Bucks County and was an hereditary Companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. He was active within the Loyal",
"title": "Clayton Barney Vogel"
},
{
"id": "17854461",
"text": "Arizona State University. He also played an important part in the establishment of Diné College (originally known as Navajo Community College), which was the first college established within the Navajo Nation. Hubbard was inducted into the Arizona Veterans Hall of Fame and the Arizona Democratic Party Hall of Fame. He received the Navajo Code Talker Congressional Silver Medal in 2000. He died at age 102 on February 7, 2014, in Phoenix, Arizona. On his death, flags across the Navajo Nation were flown at half-staff in his honor. Arthur J. Hubbard Sr. Arthur J. Hubbard Sr. (January 23, 1912 – February",
"title": "Arthur J. Hubbard Sr."
},
{
"id": "13378705",
"text": "average Navajo boy, herding sheep and riding horseback,” wrote art historian Clara Lee Tanner. Tahoma spent most of his life in Santa Fe, working on hundreds of paintings over two decades from the mid-1930s to 1956 as a Navajo painter and muralist. It is of much debate if Quincy Tahoma was also one of the Navajo Code talkers, who played such a critical part in the winning of World War II in the Pacific. It is believed to some that Tahoma joined the armed forces and served in the Signal Corps during World War II and that after the war,",
"title": "Quincy Tahoma"
},
{
"id": "11449485",
"text": "Peter MacDonald (Navajo leader) Peter MacDonald (born 1927) is a Native American politician and the only four term Chairman of the Navajo Tribe. MacDonald was born in Arizona, U.S. and served the U.S. Marine Corps in World War II as a Navajo Code Talker. He was first elected Navajo Tribal Chairman in 1970. In 1989, MacDonald was removed from office by the Navajo Tribal Council, pending the results of federal criminal investigations headed by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. MacDonald was sent to federal prison in 1990 for violations of US law and subsequently convicted of more U.S. federal crimes,",
"title": "Peter MacDonald (Navajo leader)"
},
{
"id": "17854460",
"text": "voluntarily served in the U. S. Marine Corps. During World War II, he was a Navajo Code Talker instructor training over 200 men to transmit coded messages using the Navajo language. After his military duties, the then Governor Jack Williams appointed him Director of Indian Development District of Arizona. In 1972 he became state senator in Arizona, serving for 12 years until 1984. This made him the first Native American senator in the Arizona State Legislature. His other work includes serving as a water rights advisor to the Tohono O'odham Nation, and as a Navajo culture and language instructor at",
"title": "Arthur J. Hubbard Sr."
},
{
"id": "18084579",
"text": "bachelor's degree by the Kansas University College of Liberal Arts and Science on Veterans Day, 2012. Following his military service, he worked as a painter for 25 years at a V.A. hospital in Albuquerque. In 2011, he wrote the memoir \"Code Talker: The First and Only Memoir by One of the Original Navajo Code Talkers of WWII\" with Judith Avila. On July 26, 2001, Nez was one of the five living code talkers who received the Congressional Gold Medal from President George W. Bush: Nez died on June 4, 2014, from kidney failure in Albuquerque, aged 93. Chester Nez Chester",
"title": "Chester Nez"
},
{
"id": "597302",
"text": "from the Solomon Islands. They also translated the start date, August 7, for the attack on Guadalcanal. As the war extended over the Pacific, there was a shortage of Basque speakers and the U.S. military came to prefer the parallel program based on the use of Navajo speakers. In 2017, Pedro Oiarzabal and Guillermo Tabernilla published a study refuting \"Euzko Deya\"'s article. According to Oiarzabal and Tabernilla, they could not find Carranza, Aguirre, Fernández Bakaicoa or Juanana in the NARA or U.S. Army archives. They find a small number of U.S. Marines with Basque surnames, none of them in transmissions.",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "15796302",
"text": "Joe Morris Sr. Joe Morris Sr. (April 19, 1926 – July 17, 2011) was an American World War II United States Marine veteran and Navajo code talker. Morris was born as one of four children on April 19, 1926, in Indian Wells, a village on the Navajo Nation in northeast Arizona, as a member of the Kin'lichii'nii Clan. He took care of his parents horse, sheep and livestock. According to the \"Los Angeles Times\", Morris described the reservation where he was raised as having \"no electricity, no running water, no school.\" He began attending a government-run boarding school approximately 70",
"title": "Joe Morris Sr."
},
{
"id": "16933973",
"text": "April 9, 1942. The New Mexicans then took part in the Bataan Death March, in which thousands of Allied prisoners of war were killed during a forced march from the battlefield to camps at Balanga, where they remained until the end of the war. Of the 1,800 New Mexican troops serving in the Philippines, only 800 returned home. Many of the famed Navajo code talkers came from New Mexico. In need of a way to protect communications from Japanese eavesdroppers, the Marine Corps raised several outfits of Navajo radiomen who could use their native language as a code on the",
"title": "New Mexico during World War II"
},
{
"id": "16933974",
"text": "battlefield. The first group, which consisted of twenty-nine men, was recruited by Philip Johnston, a World War I veteran who was fluent in the Navajo language. Johnston and the \"original twenty-nine,\" as they were known, are credited with developing the code, however, it was modified and improved by others as the war progressed. At least 540 Navajos served in the Marine Corps during World War II, about 400 of whom were trained as code talkers. Because many of them lacked birth certificates, it was impossible to verify the age of some recruits. After the war it was revealed that boys",
"title": "New Mexico during World War II"
},
{
"id": "15796304",
"text": "man prayed for him for a day and a half upon his drafting, which Morris credited with surviving the war unharmed. Morris was sent to Camp Pendleton, where he and approximately 400 other Navajos received communications training to become code talkers. Morris served as a Marine code talker throughout the Pacific Theater, serving with the 2nd Marine Regiment, 6th Marine Division, including Guadalcanal and Guam. He was a participant in the Battle of Okinawa, where the Japanese blocked the Navajo's messages. In 2004, Morris told a Veterans Days observance in San Bernardino, California, that \"My weapon was my language...We saved",
"title": "Joe Morris Sr."
},
{
"id": "5132172",
"text": "to the newly appointed President Theodore Roosevelt to persuade him to add more land to the Navajo Reservation via an Executive Order. Philip was the Navajo/English translator between the local Navajo leaders and President Roosevelt. Around 1909–10, Johnston attended the Northern Arizona Normal School, now Northern Arizona University, where he earned an academic degree. In March 1918 he enlisted in the U.S. Army's 319th Engineers, where he received a reserve commission. Between March and September 1918 he trained in Camp Fremont at Menlo Park, California before being shipped to France as part of the AEF to participate in World War",
"title": "Philip Johnston (code talker)"
},
{
"id": "15796306",
"text": "in the Mojave Desert. He worked as a maintenance department supervisor at the same supply center until his 1984 retirement. Joe Morris spoke extensively about the experience of the Navajo code talkers during the 1990s and 2000s (decade). Morris and his fellow Navajo code talkers were honored by in an exhibit at the Pentagon in 1992, which he attended. Morris also attended Congressional Gold Medal ceremony in 2001, in which President George W. Bush presented the award to four or the original twenty-nine Navajo code talkers. He and 200 surviving code talkers were awarded the Congressional Silver Medal on November",
"title": "Joe Morris Sr."
},
{
"id": "13479387",
"text": "Renold Claw, Pauline James, Harold Claw and Gloria Claw. Claw's death came less than a week after the death of another Navajo Code Talker, John Brown, Jr. Navajo Nation President Joe Shirley signed a proclamation ordering all flags lowered to half staff until Claw's funeral stating, \"Just as we bade farewell to one of our honored Code Talkers, we sadly hear of the loss of another. It is with deep regret that we learned of the passing of Navajo Code Talker Thomas Claw, another of our distinguished warriors from World War II.\" Thomas Claw Thomas Claw (February 23, 1922 –",
"title": "Thomas Claw"
},
{
"id": "8974746",
"text": "pottery, rugs and blankets, and other pieces by local Acoma, Zuni, Navajo, Hopi and other Native American artisans. The Museum includes exhibits on weaving, sandpainting, silversmithing, trains, and Historic Route 66. A statue of Navajo Chief Manuelito by Tim Washburn stands in a plaza front of the Gallup Cultural Center. Next to the plaza is the \"Navajo Code Talker\", a 12-foot bronze statue by famous Navajo/Ute sculptor Oreland Joe. The Navajo Code Talkers played a major role during World War II because the Japanese never cracked their language \"code\". The station is unique in that a fence guards the platform",
"title": "Gallup station"
},
{
"id": "285011",
"text": "result of the war. For instance, a total of 1,200 Pueblo men served in World War II; only about half came home alive. In addition, many more Navajo served as code talkers for the military in the Pacific. The code they made, although cryptologically very simple, was never cracked by the Japanese. Military service and urban residency contributed to the rise of American Indian activism, particularly after the 1960s and the occupation of Alcatraz Island (1969–1971) by a student Indian group from San Francisco. In the same period, the American Indian Movement (AIM) was founded in Minneapolis, and chapters were",
"title": "Native Americans in the United States"
},
{
"id": "1426534",
"text": "Rangers). Other local, state and federal law enforcement agencies routinely work on the Navajo Nation, including the BIA Police, National Park Service U.S. Park Rangers, U.S. Forest Service Law Enforcement and Investigations, Bureau of Land Management Law Enforcement, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), US Marshals, and Federal Bureau of Investigation; and other Native American units: the Ute Mountain Agency, and Hopi Agency; and Arizona Highway Patrol, Utah Highway Patrol, New Mexico Department of Public Safety (State Police and Highway Patrol), Apache County Sheriff's Office, Navajo County Sheriff's Office, McKinley County Sheriff's Office. In addition, regional government functions are carried out by",
"title": "Navajo Nation"
},
{
"id": "17228301",
"text": "discrimination and the great cultural changes in leaving their reservations behind. There were also losses as a result of the war. For instance, a total of 1,200 Pueblo men served in World War II; only about half came home alive. In addition many more Navajo served as Code talkers for the military in the Pacific. The code they made, although cryptologically very simple, was never cracked by the Japanese. Military service and urban residency contributed to the rise of American Indian activism, particularly after the 1960s and the occupation of Alcatraz Island (1969–1971) by a student Indian group from San",
"title": "History of Native Americans in the United States"
},
{
"id": "13990197",
"text": "intervention. In 2015, a $70,000 home renovation project was initiated for Navajo Code Talker Dan Akee, a WWII veteran and one of 12 living Navajo Code Talkers. Red Feather engages volunteers from all walks of life to contribute to housing projects on Native American reservations. Red Feather Development Group Red Feather Development Group is a non-profit organization that empowers Native American communities to be self-sustaining to ensure safe and healthy homes for all who live on the Native American reservations. The organization has been featured on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\", where they were a recipient of the Oprah's Angel Network's",
"title": "Red Feather Development Group"
},
{
"id": "12056526",
"text": "Frank Tsosie Thompson Frank Tsosie Thompson (September 4, 1920 – June 2, 2008) was an American Navajo code talker in the United States Marines during World War II. Thompson was born in Crystal, New Mexico, on September 4, 1920. He attended board schools in Albuquerque and Fort Defiance, Arizona. He enlisted in the United States Marines on the day he graduated from high school, May 5, 1942. Thompson served in the Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, 6th Marine Regiment of the 2nd Marine Division during World War II. He served in a number of battles across the Pacific theater, including Tarawa,",
"title": "Frank Tsosie Thompson"
},
{
"id": "597301",
"text": "the Pacific region. There were 35 Basque Jesuits in Hiroshima, led by Pedro Arrupe. In China and the Philippines, there was a colony of Basque jai alai players, and there were Basque supporters of Falange in Asia. The American Basque code talkers were kept away from these theaters; they were initially used in tests and in transmitting logistic information for Hawaii and Australia. According to \"Euzko Deya\", on August 1, 1942, Lieutenants Nemesio Aguirre, Fernández Bakaicoa and Juanana received a Basque-coded message from San Diego for Admiral Chester Nimitz, warning him of the upcoming Operation Apple to remove the Japanese",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "7454299",
"text": "one son. Lacy graduated from Gallup High School in 2000 and has since received her Bachelor of Arts degrees in English and Native American Studies from the University of New Mexico in 2006. Onawa previously worked in Washington, D.C. as a Legislative Associate for Johnston & Associates, LLC lobbying for American Indian issues. She lobbied on Capitol Hill alongside Navajo Code Talkers on behalf of the Esther Martinez Save Native Languages Act which was signed into law by President George W. Bush on December 12, 2006. She studied Liberal Studies with an emphasis in International Government at Georgetown University in",
"title": "Onawa Lacy"
},
{
"id": "16811303",
"text": "Johnston, a World War I veteran who had lived in the Navajo reservation of Arizona and was fluent in the Navajo language. Johnston and the \"original twenty-nine,\" as they were known, are credited with developing the original code, however, it was modified and improved by others as the war progressed. At least 540 Navajos served in the Marine Corps during World War II, about 400 of whom were trained as code talkers. Because many of them lacked birth certificates, it was impossible to verify the age of some recruits. After the war it was revealed that boys as young as",
"title": "Arizona during World War II"
},
{
"id": "12056529",
"text": "Thompson, Francine Thompson and Valeri Llopis, and seven grandchildren. Frank Tsosie Thompson Frank Tsosie Thompson (September 4, 1920 – June 2, 2008) was an American Navajo code talker in the United States Marines during World War II. Thompson was born in Crystal, New Mexico, on September 4, 1920. He attended board schools in Albuquerque and Fort Defiance, Arizona. He enlisted in the United States Marines on the day he graduated from high school, May 5, 1942. Thompson served in the Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, 6th Marine Regiment of the 2nd Marine Division during World War II. He served in a",
"title": "Frank Tsosie Thompson"
},
{
"id": "11726529",
"text": "personal story and experiences as a Navajo Code Talker with the US Marine Corps. He continued to travel up until Fall 2007. Merril Sandoval died on February 9, 2008, at the age of 82 at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center in Phoenix. He had been in failing health for the preceding year. He and his wife of 56 years, Lorraine, had been residents of Tuba City, Arizona, for many years. He was survived by his wife and four of their five children. He had 17 grandchildren, 22 great-grandchildren and one great-great grandchild. Sandoval received a full military burial in",
"title": "Merril Sandoval"
},
{
"id": "7664565",
"text": "3D technologist, Allan Silliphant was the younger half-brother of Academy Award-winning writer and producer Stirling Silliphant. He would later write or direct other low-budget films, and historical documentary films, such as \"The Navajo Code Talkers\". Co-producer and cinematographer Chris Condon, who had founded Century Precision Optics, built innovative, relatively lightweight and portable designs of single-strip 3-D cameras. He would later work on other 3-D films, such as \"Jaws 3-D\". Theatre owner Louis Sher was the executive producer, and used his Art Theatre Guild theatres to display the film coast to coast. Specially trained 3-D technicians would be sent to each",
"title": "The Stewardesses"
},
{
"id": "5560255",
"text": "was a noted Navajo painter and teacher, who later became a Navajo code talker during World War II. Gorman grew up in a traditional Navajo hogan and began drawing at age 3. His grandmother helped raise him, recounting Navajo legends and enumerating his genealogy of artist ancestors. She kindled his desire to become an artist. While tending sheep in Canyon de Chelly with his aunts, he used to draw on the rocks, sand, and mud, and made sculptures with the clay, with his earliest subjects including Mickey Mouse and Shirley Temple. He credited a teacher, Jenny Lind at Ganado Presbyterian",
"title": "R. C. Gorman"
},
{
"id": "3713509",
"text": "Enders to Sergeant. Sgt. Pete \"Ox\" Henderson also receives a parallel assignment protecting Navajo code talker Pvt. Charlie Whitehorse. Yahzee and Whitehorse, lifelong friends from the same Navajo tribe, are trained to send and receive coded messages that direct artillery fire. Enders and Henderson are instructed to kill their code talkers if capture is imminent so that the code cannot fall into enemy hands. As Enders and Henderson meet Yahzee and Whitehorse, it becomes apparent that the two experienced Marines are less than happy to be babysitting their Navajo codetalkers, and the Navajos must also endure racial harassment by some",
"title": "Windtalkers"
},
{
"id": "597323",
"text": "National Congress of American Indians objected to Trump's use of the name of an historical Native American figure as a derogatory term. Code talker The term \"Code talkers\" refers to a group of people in the 20th century who utilized little-known languages as a means of secret communication during wartime. The term is now usually associated with United States service members during the world wars who used their knowledge of Native American languages as a basis to transmit coded messages. In particular, there were approximately 400–500 Native Americans in the United States Marine Corps whose primary job was the transmission",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "5132174",
"text": "Comanches in their Louisiana field maneuvers to transmit military communications and began to think that the Navajo language could also be applied in this manner. He presented this idea to the United States Marine Corps (USMC), and he was directed to present his proposal. Johnston recruited four Navajos who were working in the Los Angeles shipyards, and arranged to demonstrate the utility of using the Navajo language to transmit military communications. The officer in charge of this demonstration was Communications Officer, Amphibious Force, Fleet Marine Force (FMF) Major James E. Jones, USMC at Camp Elliot, San Diego and Commanding Officer;",
"title": "Philip Johnston (code talker)"
},
{
"id": "11449486",
"text": "including fraud, extortion, riot, bribery, and corruption. Born Hashkasilt Begay, MacDonald was raised among traditional shepherds and groomed as a medicine man. He entered the Marine Corps as a Navajo language code talker during World War II. The war ended soon after his training was complete and he was deployed in post-war China to guard surrendered Japanese officers. After the war, MacDonald earned an electrical engineering degree at the University of Oklahoma. Upon graduation, his acumen secured a job at the Hughes Aircraft Company, working on the Polaris nuclear missile project. He returned to the Navajo Nation in 1963 and",
"title": "Peter MacDonald (Navajo leader)"
},
{
"id": "15828772",
"text": "Navajo Rangers The Navajo Rangers (formed 1957) is an organization of the Navajo Nation in the Southwestern United States, which maintains and protects the tribal nation's public works, natural resources, natural and historical sites and assist travelers. The Rangers form part of the Navajo Nation Department of Resource Enforcement (within the Division of Natural Resources). The agency currently consists of 16 officers in four different field locations. The organization was founded by Richard Fowler Van Valkenburgh. \"\"No white man has ever worked among us with greater devotion and understanding.\"\" Navajo Tribal Council Resolution, August 6, 1957 Richard Fowler Van Valkenburgh",
"title": "Navajo Rangers"
},
{
"id": "2124099",
"text": "publication again in the late 20th century, including online). The newspaper \"Ádahooníłígíí\" was published through the late 1950s. Their work was interrupted by World War II. Young served a stint in the Marine Corps and during this period, he worked on the Navajo Code Talker project. They developed a code based on the Navajo language for high-level communications. Navajo-speaking soldiers were recruited for such communications of intelligence, and no enemy was ever able to break this code. Returning to the BIA, Young continued to work with Morgan and other Navajo. They published \"The Function and Significance of Certain Navajo Particles\"",
"title": "Robert W. Young"
},
{
"id": "5132171",
"text": "Canyon Incident, which revealed underlying tensions between Navajos and Anglos involving livestock rustling. For resolving that incident in a peaceful manner, local Navajo leaders allowed Reverend Johnston to build a mission 12 miles north of Leupp, Arizona. After that incident, Philip's father worked to expand the boundaries of the western part of the Navajo reservation in order to resolve livestock rustling disputes on which developing tensions were generally centered. On the reservation, young Philip learned to speak Navajo while playing with Navajo children. In 1901 Philip traveled to Washington D.C. with his father and local Navajo leaders when they spoke",
"title": "Philip Johnston (code talker)"
},
{
"id": "8345630",
"text": "Native Americans who spoke both Navajo and English to translate English words into the Navajo language to foil enemy understanding. Often working behind enemy lines, the code talkers were commended for their bravery and gained respect from fellow soldiers. Until its declassification in 1968, the code that these Navajo developed remains the only oral military code to never have been broken by an enemy. Only in respect. The code itself was composed of carefully selected Navajo words that used poetic circumlocution so that even a Navajo speaker would not be able to understand the communications without training. For example, there",
"title": "Native Americans and World War II"
},
{
"id": "12056527",
"text": "Abemana Atoll, Guadalcanal, Saipan and Tinian. Thompson reached the rank of corporal. He remained in the U.S. Marines from May 5, 1942, until September 17, 1945. Thompson attended New Mexico Highlands University from 1947 until 1948 after the war using the G.I. Bill. He became a carpenter by profession. He worked in maintenance for the Navajo Nation in Fort Defiance, Arizona, for 37½ years until his retirement in 1991. He was awarded the Congressional Silver Medal for his service as a code talker in 2001. Frank Thompson died of natural causes at the age of 87 on June 2, 2008,",
"title": "Frank Tsosie Thompson"
},
{
"id": "16355326",
"text": "in the Window Rock, Chinle, Kayenta and Tuba City Police Districts, with some segments also filmed in Shiprock & Crownpoint, New Mexico. Louis Tarantino and Douglas Cohen are the Executive Producers (for Flight 33 Productions) & Tim Evans served as Supervising Producer, while Dolan served as Senior Producer and also directed several episodes. The series was written by Dolan and Steffen Schlachtenhaufen. \"In the heart of the American Southwest, the 320 cops of the Navajo Police patrol some of the most rugged territory in the United States. These modern day warriors are on a mission to protect the largest Indian",
"title": "Navajo cops"
},
{
"id": "1426523",
"text": "through their home chapters. The committee was formed by former Navajo leaders: Kelsey Begaye, Peterson Zah, Peter MacDonald, writer/social activist Ivan Gamble, and other local political activists. Prior to Long Walk of the Navajo, judicial powers were exercised by peace chiefs () in a mediation-style process. While the people were held at Bosque Redondo, the U.S. Army handled severe crimes while lesser crimes and disputes remained in the purview of the villages' chiefs. After the Navajo return from Bosque Redondo in 1868, listed offenses were handled by the Indian Agent of the Bureau of Indian Affairs with support of the",
"title": "Navajo Nation"
},
{
"id": "12056695",
"text": "after the end of World War II. He remained at the company for 33 years until his retirement in 1982. He also worked in community service, including at the Tsaile Health Center, in the towns of Tsaile and Lukachukai. Throughout his life, Begay remained active in the Navajo Code Talkers Association and the Disabled American Veterans. He was awarded the Congressional Silver Medal of Honor in November 2001 for his service as a code talker, alongside fellow veteran code talkers such as Frank Tsosie Thompson. Jerry C. Begay died on Memorial Day on May 26, 2008, in Albuquerque, New Mexico,",
"title": "Jerry C. Begay"
},
{
"id": "1426531",
"text": "on behalf of the chapter members and take over certain roles previously delegated to the council and executive branches. This included entering into intergovernmental agreements with federal, state and tribal entities, subject to approval by the Intergovernmental Relations Committee of the Council. The Navajo Nation is divided into five agencies, with the seat of government located at the Navajo Governmental Campus at Window Rock/\"Tségháhoodzání\". These agencies are similar to county entities and reflect the five Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) agencies created in the early years of the Navajo Nation. The five agencies within the Navajo Nation are the Chinle",
"title": "Navajo Nation"
},
{
"id": "597322",
"text": "to \"...pay tribute to the contributions of the young Native Americans recruited by the United States military to create top-secret coded messages used to communicate during [World War II] battles.\" The executive director of the National Congress of American Indians, Jacqueline Pata, noted that Native Americans have \"...a very high level of participation in the military and veterans' service.\" A statement by a Navajo Nation Council Delegate and comments by Pata and Begaye, among others, objected to Trump's remarks during the event, including his use \"once again\" of the \"word Pocahontas in a negative way towards a political adversary.\" The",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "6323346",
"text": "Oso (later the site of Fort Wingate). This agreement was not honored by some Navajos and also by some New Mexicans. Navajos stole New Mexican livestock and New Mexicans took women, children, and livestock from the Navajos. In 1849, the military governor of New Mexico, Colonel John MacRae Washington—accompanied by John S. Calhoun, an Indian agent—led a force of 400 soldiers into Navajo country, penetrating Canyon de Chelly, and signed a treaty with two Navajo leaders Mariano Martinez as Head Chief and Chapitone as Second Chief. The treaty acknowledged the transfer of jurisdiction from the United Mexican States to the",
"title": "Navajo"
},
{
"id": "8345631",
"text": "were no words in the Navajo language for military machines, weapons, or foreign countries, so these words were substituted with words that did exist in the Navajo language. For example, Britain was spoken as \"between waters\" (toh-ta), a dive bomber was a \"chicken hawk\" (gini), a grenade was a \"potato\" (ni-ma-si) and Germany was \"iron hat\" (besh-be-cha-he). In 2001, 28 Navajo Code Talkers were awarded a Congressional Gold Medals, mostly posthumously. The group has also been commemorated in various media, including books, films, notably \"Windtalkers\" (2002) starring Nicolas Cage, \"Battle Cry\" starring Van Heflin, even a Navajo Code Talker GI",
"title": "Native Americans and World War II"
},
{
"id": "17220865",
"text": "of active service. On February 28, 1942, General Vogel tested the idea of the Navajo code talkers by \"installing a telephone connection between two offices and wrote out six messages that were typical of those sent during combat. One of those messages read \"Enemy expected to make tank and dive bomber attack at dawn.\" The Navajo managed to transmit the message almost verbatim: \"Enemy tank dive bomber expected to attack this morning.\" The remaining messages were translated with similar proficiency, which duly impressed General Vogel. On 6 March 1942, General Vogel wrote a letter to the Commandant of the Marine",
"title": "Clayton Barney Vogel"
},
{
"id": "6323338",
"text": "Navajo The Navajos (; British English: Navaho, or \"\") are a Native American people of the Southwestern United States. The Navajo people are politically divided between two federally recognized tribes, the Navajo Nation and the Colorado River Indian Tribes. At more than 300,000 enrolled tribal members , the Navajo Nation is the second largest federally recognized tribe in the U.S. (the Cherokee Nation being the largest), and has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,000 square miles of land in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. The Navajo language is",
"title": "Navajo"
},
{
"id": "597298",
"text": "Code talker The term \"Code talkers\" refers to a group of people in the 20th century who utilized little-known languages as a means of secret communication during wartime. The term is now usually associated with United States service members during the world wars who used their knowledge of Native American languages as a basis to transmit coded messages. In particular, there were approximately 400–500 Native Americans in the United States Marine Corps whose primary job was the transmission of secret tactical messages. Code talkers transmitted these messages over military telephone or radio communications nets using formal or informally developed codes",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "597300",
"text": "African, and European theaters. Members of the Assiniboine served as code talkers during World War II, utilizing the Assiniboine language to encrypt communications. The code talkers included Gilbert Horn Sr., who grew up in the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation of Montana and later became a tribal judge and politician. In November 1952, Euzko Deya magazine reported that in May 1942, upon meeting about 60 U.S. Marines of Basque ancestry in a San Francisco camp, Captain Frank D. Carranza conceived the idea of using the Basque language for codes. His superiors were wary as there were known settlements of Basque in",
"title": "Code talker"
},
{
"id": "18796739",
"text": "Flag of the Navajo Nation The flag of the Navajo Nation is the official flag of the Navajo Nation, a Native American Governed Nation in the Four Corners states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. On May 21, 1968, the flag was adopted for the Navajo Nation, an Indian reservation in the Southwestern United States. This flag was designed by Jay R. Degroat, a student from Mariano Lake, New Mexico and was initially selected from 140 entries for the Navajo Flag Competition. It incorporates elements of the tribal seal designed by John Claw, Jr. adopted earlier, on 18 January 1952.",
"title": "Flag of the Navajo Nation"
},
{
"id": "18796737",
"text": "Flag of the Navajo Nation The flag of the Navajo Nation is the official flag of the Navajo Nation, a Native American Governed Nation in the Four Corners states of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. On May 21, 1968, the flag was adopted for the Navajo Nation, an Indian reservation in the Southwestern United States. This flag was designed by Jay R. Degroat, a student from Mariano Lake, New Mexico and was initially selected from 140 entries for the Navajo Flag Competition. It incorporates elements of the tribal seal designed by John Claw, Jr. adopted earlier, on 18 January 1952.",
"title": "Flag of the Navajo Nation"
},
{
"id": "597307",
"text": "the Chevalier of the National Order of Merit. On November 30, 1999, the United States Department of Defense presented Charles Chibitty with the Knowlton Award. In World War II, native Cree speakers were used as code talkers for the Canadian Armed Forces. Due to oaths of secrecy, and official classification through 1963, the role of Cree speakers has gone unacknowledged by the Canadian government. A 2015 documentary, \"Cree Code Talkers\", tells the story of one such Métis individual, Charles \"Checker\" Tomkins, who died in 2003. Meskwaki men used their language against the Germans while fighting in the U.S. Army in",
"title": "Code talker"
}
] | who did the navajo code talkers work for |
|
| [
{
"id": "5046757",
"text": "Guardians of the Galaxy (1969 team) The original Guardians of the Galaxy are a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Guardians first appear in \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" #18 (Jan. 1969). Roy Thomas recounted, The team first appeared in the partial reprint title \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" with issue #18 (Jan. 1969), written by Arnold Drake and penciled by Gene Colan. Despite strong sales on this issue, the Guardians of the Galaxy would not appear again for over five years, in \"Marvel Two-In-One\" #4–5 (July–Sept. 1974). The story's writer, Steve Gerber, liked the team enough to use them",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (1969 team)"
},
{
"id": "5046770",
"text": "#17. In #18, a third version of the Guardians' future was shown: this time led by Killraven against the Martians. Guardians of the Galaxy (1969 team) The original Guardians of the Galaxy are a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The Guardians first appear in \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" #18 (Jan. 1969). Roy Thomas recounted, The team first appeared in the partial reprint title \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" with issue #18 (Jan. 1969), written by Arnold Drake and penciled by Gene Colan. Despite strong sales on this issue, the Guardians of the Galaxy would not appear again for over",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (1969 team)"
},
{
"id": "20970306",
"text": "Guardians of the Galaxy (New Guard) The Guardians of the Galaxy are a fictional spacefaring superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Brian Michael Bendis and Valerio Schiti formed this new version of the team with an initial roster of Rocket Raccoon, Kitty Pryde, Thing, Drax the Destroyer, Agent Venom and Groot. However, Star-Lord and Gamora eventually re-joined the team, and so did Angela. This Guardians team first appeared in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" Vol. 4 #1 (October 2015). The second volume of the title was published in May 2008, written by Dan Abnett and Andy",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (New Guard)"
},
{
"id": "12225624",
"text": "Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team) The Guardians of the Galaxy are a fictional spacefaring superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning formed the team from existing and previously unrelated characters created by a variety of writers and artists, with an initial roster of Star-Lord, Rocket Raccoon, Quasar, Adam Warlock, Gamora, Drax the Destroyer and Groot. These Guardians first appeared in \"Annihilation: Conquest\" #6 (April 2008). A feature film based on this team was released in 2014 to critical acclaim. A sequel, titled \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\", was released",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)"
},
{
"id": "20970309",
"text": "\"Avengers Assemble\" #4–8 (June–October 2012). The Guardians of the Galaxy appeared in a new series for Marvel NOW! starting with issue 0.1 written by Brian Michael Bendis and drawn by Steve McNiven. In addition to the previous Guardians, Iron Man also joined the team. Later issues of the series saw Angela, Agent Venom, and Captain Marvel join. With the success of the film adaptation, spinoff books were also created as solo titles featuring Star-Lord, Rocket Raccoon, and Groot. \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" was relaunched as part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel initiative with Brian Michael Bendis and Valerio Schiti returning",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (New Guard)"
},
{
"id": "5640152",
"text": "According to Roy Thomas, all of the Guardians of the Galaxy were created in a conference between Arnold Drake and Stan Lee, but it remains uncertain whether each individual character was created by Drake, Lee, or both. The Guardians of the Galaxy debuted in the partial reprint title \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" with issue #18 (Jan. 1969), written by Drake and penciled by Gene Colan. After five years' absence, he was revived in several Marvel titles: \"Marvel Two-In-One\" #4-5 (July-Sept. 1974), \"Giant Size Defenders\" #5, and \"Defenders\" #26-29 (July-Nov. 1975). In each case, other heroes such as Captain America, the Thing, and",
"title": "Vance Astro"
},
{
"id": "3233836",
"text": "The Infinity War The Infinity War is a six-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics in 1992. The series was written by Jim Starlin and penciled by Ron Lim, Ian Laughlin, Al Milgrom, Jack Morelli and Christie Scheele. The storyline is a direct sequel to the 1991 \"The Infinity Gauntlet\" and was followed by \"The Infinity Crusade\" in 1993. The story had additional tie-ins including \"Alpha Flight\" #110-112, \"Captain America\" #408, \"Daredevil\" #310, \"Deathlok\" #16, \"Doctor Strange, Sorcerer Supreme\" #42-47, \"Fantastic Four\" #366-370, \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" vol 1 #27-29, \"Marc Spector: Moon Knight\" #41-44, \"Marvel Comics Presents",
"title": "The Infinity War"
},
{
"id": "5046764",
"text": "I really did enjoy working on the series.\" A second volume was published in May 2008, written by Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning. The title, set in a different timeline, features a new team, drawn from participants in the \"\" storyline. The 1969 team made guest appearances in #12–17 and #25. A new ongoing series starring the original Guardians, titled \"Guardians 3000\" and written by Abnett, launched in 2014. The Guardians are active in the 31st century in an alternative time-line of the Marvel Universe known as Earth-691. The original members of the team include Major Vance Astro (later known",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (1969 team)"
},
{
"id": "5046760",
"text": "(Jan.–Nov. 1978) and #181 (March 1979), \"Ms. Marvel\" #23, \"Marvel Team-Up\" #86 (Oct. 1979), and \"Marvel Two-in-One\" #61–63 & #69 (Nov. 1980). \"Marvel Two-in-One\" #69 drastically changed the Guardians of the Galaxy story; due to changes made to the past of one of the members, the future which the Guardians of the Galaxy come from and the mainstream Marvel Universe are permanently separated, becoming alternate timelines to each other. After this, the Guardians of the Galaxy were absent from published stories for over a decade. In 1989, Marvel editor-in-chief Tom DeFalco decided to revive the Guardians of the Galaxy in",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (1969 team)"
},
{
"id": "3479732",
"text": "He returned to draw ten issues sprinkled from 1974 to 1979, and an eight-issue run in 1997. Colan admitted relying upon amphetamines in order to make deadlines for illustrating the series \"Doctor Strange\", for which he would personally visit the character's real-life Manhattan neighborhood, Greenwich Village, and shoot Polaroid photographs to use as location reference. Captain Marvel, a character created to secure the trademark on the name, debuted in \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" #12 (Dec. 1967) by Lee and Colan. The original Guardians of the Galaxy first appeared in \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" #18 (Jan. 1969) by writer Arnold Drake and Colan. In \"Captain",
"title": "Gene Colan"
},
{
"id": "5046761",
"text": "order to cash in on the soaring popularity of the TV series \"\". DeFalco worked out a series concept using a new team of Guardians, but when he saw a series proposal for the original team that Jim Valentino had coincidentally been working on at the same time, he green lit Valentino's idea instead. The Guardians' first self-titled comic launched in June 1990 and ran for 62 issues. This series was initially written and illustrated by Valentino, who deliberately gave it an action-oriented, \"fun\" feel that stood out from the typical \"grim 'n' gritty\" comics of the 1990s. Though Valentino",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (1969 team)"
},
{
"id": "1283343",
"text": "Guardians of the Universe The Guardians of the Universe are a fictional race of extraterrestrials appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with Green Lantern. They first appeared in \"Green Lantern\" Vol. 2, Issue 1 (July 1960), and were created by John Broome and Gil Kane. The Guardians of the Universe have been adapted to a number of films, television programs, and video games. The Guardians of the Universe are the founders and leaders of the interstellar law enforcement agency known as the Green Lantern Corps, which they administer from their homeworld Oa at the",
"title": "Guardians of the Universe"
},
{
"id": "5046759",
"text": "give my imagination a bit more play. We had Dave Cockrum redesign the costumes, we created a new starship for them to pilot, and we revised the premise of the strip, so that they were no longer fighting the Badoon on Earth, and sent them off amongst the stars.\" Gerber left the series after seven issues, leaving Roger Stern to take over with \"Marvel Presents\" #10. The series was cancelled shortly afterwards due to poor sales, with the final issue being #12 (August 1977). This was followed by a series of appearances in \"Thor Annual\" #6 (1977), \"The Avengers\" #167–177",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (1969 team)"
},
{
"id": "5046762",
"text": "had plotted the series ahead as far as issue #50, his run was cut short when he co-founded Image Comics. Having taken on two new series and the foundation of a publication company, Valentino asked editor Craig Anderson if he could switch to just writing \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", and in response Anderson dismissed him from the series. With issue #29 (Oct. 1992) Michael Gallagher commenced writing the title, and continued until its cancellation with issue #62 (July 1995). According to Kevin West, who became the penciller with issue #30 (Nov. 1992), he and Gallagher worked together closely on the",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (1969 team)"
},
{
"id": "281610",
"text": "other Marvel characters not associated with the characters at Islands of Adventures, such as Star-Lord and Gamora from \"Guardians of the Galaxy\". Marvel Comics Marvel Comics is the brand name and primary imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc., formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, a publisher of American comic books and related media. In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Marvel Worldwide's parent company. Marvel started in 1939 as Timely Publications, and by the early 1950s, had generally become known as Atlas Comics. The Marvel branding began in 1961, the year that the company launched \"The Fantastic",
"title": "Marvel Comics"
},
{
"id": "12225627",
"text": "Wes Craig alternated pencilling tasks from #8 to #25. The book was cancelled in April 2010 with issue 25. Some plot threads were concluded in \"The Thanos Imperative\" 1–6 and its two one-shots (May 2010 – Jan 2011). The team appeared reassembled in \"Avengers Assemble\" #4–8 (June–October 2012). The Guardians of the Galaxy appeared in a new series for Marvel NOW! starting with issue 0.1 written by Brian Michael Bendis and drawn by Steve McNiven. In addition to the previous Guardians, Iron Man also joined the team. Later issues of the series saw Angela, Agent Venom, and Captain Marvel join.",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)"
},
{
"id": "16651212",
"text": "Quill / Star-Lord, and the supporting cast members were subsequently confirmed. Principal photography began in July 2013 at Shepperton Studios in England, with filming continuing in London before wrapping up in October 2013. Post-production was finished on July 7, 2014. The film premiered in Hollywood on July 21, 2014, and was released in theaters on August 1, 2014 in the United States in the 3D and IMAX 3D formats. The film became a critical and commercial success, grossing $773.3 million worldwide and becoming the highest-grossing superhero film of 2014, as well as the third-highest-grossing film of 2014. The film was",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)"
},
{
"id": "20760669",
"text": "Asgardians of the Galaxy The Asgardians of the Galaxy are a team of superheroes that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The team is made their first appearance in \"Asgardians of the Galaxy\" #1 (September 2018) by writer Cullen Bunn and artist Matteo Lolli. In June 2018, Marvel Comics released a teaser image announcing the debut of \"Asgardians of the Galaxy\". The teaser, which read \"The Guardians of the Galaxy are no more... Who are the Asgardians of the Galaxy,\" came after the release of \"Infinity Countdown\" #4 (June 2018) by Gerry Duggan and Mike Deodato Jr.,",
"title": "Asgardians of the Galaxy"
},
{
"id": "12225641",
"text": "Dubhghlas, Goodman Root, and Aroughcun the Raccoon. Angela befriended them where she helped to fight off the beasts that were attacking them. Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team) The Guardians of the Galaxy are a fictional spacefaring superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning formed the team from existing and previously unrelated characters created by a variety of writers and artists, with an initial roster of Star-Lord, Rocket Raccoon, Quasar, Adam Warlock, Gamora, Drax the Destroyer and Groot. These Guardians first appeared in \"Annihilation: Conquest\" #6 (April 2008). A feature film",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)"
},
{
"id": "3225826",
"text": "event \"\", and became a member of the titular team in its spin-off comic, \"Guardians of the Galaxy\". Gamora has been featured in a variety of associated Marvel merchandise. Zoe Saldana plays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, starting with the 2014 film \"Guardians of the Galaxy\". She reprised her role in the sequel \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" and \"\", and will appear in \"\". The character debuted in \"Strange Tales\" #180 (1975), and was created by Jim Starlin. She returned in issue #181, \"Warlock\" vol. 1 #9, 10, 11 and 15 (1975-1976), and in the 1977",
"title": "Gamora"
},
{
"id": "16651210",
"text": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film) Guardians of the Galaxy (retroactively referred to as Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 1) is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the tenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by James Gunn, who wrote the screenplay with Nicole Perlman, and features an ensemble cast including Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, and Bradley Cooper as the titular Guardians, along with Lee Pace, Michael Rooker,",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)"
},
{
"id": "5046758",
"text": "again in \"Giant Size Defenders\" #5 and \"Defenders\" #26–29 (July–Nov. 1975). In each case, other heroes such as Captain America, the Thing, and the Defenders aid them in their war against the alien Badoon, necessitating the liberal use of time travel in these stories. The Guardians were finally given their own series, \"Marvel Presents\", starting with issue #3 (Feb. 1976). Steve Gerber, still handling the writing chores, reflected, \"Most of the stories I was scripting were set in the present. I wanted to do something that combined the standard superhero elements with something a little different, so that I could",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (1969 team)"
},
{
"id": "281588",
"text": "cover enhancements, swimsuit issues, and company-wide crossovers that affected the overall continuity of the Marvel Universe. Marvel suffered a blow in early 1992, when seven of its most prized artists — Todd McFarlane (known for his work on \"\"), Jim Lee (\"X-Men\"), Rob Liefeld (\"X-Force\"), Marc Silvestri (\"Wolverine\"), Erik Larsen (\"The Amazing Spider-Man\"), Jim Valentino (\"Guardians of the Galaxy\"), and Whilce Portacio (\"Uncanny X-Men\") — left to form Image Comics in a deal brokered by Malibu Comics' owner Scott Mitchell Rosenberg. Three years later Rosenberg sold Malibu to Marvel on November 3, 1994, who acquired the then-leading standard for computer",
"title": "Marvel Comics"
},
{
"id": "5652515",
"text": "Arnold Drake Arnold Drake (March 1, 1924 – March 12, 2007) was an American comic book writer and screenwriter best known for co-creating the DC Comics characters Deadman and the Doom Patrol, and the Marvel Comics characters the Guardians of the Galaxy, among others. Drake was posthumously inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2008. Arnold Drake was the third child of Max Druckman, a Manhattan furniture dealer who died in June 1966 at his home in Forest Hills, Queens, New York City, and Pearl Cohen. His eldest brother, Ervin Drake, born Ervin Maurice Druckman, and",
"title": "Arnold Drake"
},
{
"id": "8911369",
"text": "Groot Groot () is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by Stan Lee, Larry Lieber and Jack Kirby, the character first appeared in \"Tales to Astonish\" #13 (November 1960). An extraterrestrial, sentient tree-like creature, the original Groot first appeared as an invader that intended to capture humans for experimentation. The character was reintroduced as a heroic, noble being in 2006, and appeared in the crossover comic book storyline \"\". Groot went on to star in its spin-off series, \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", joining the team of the same name. Groot has been featured",
"title": "Groot"
},
{
"id": "12225628",
"text": "With the success of the film adaptation, spinoff books were also created as solo titles featuring Star-Lord, Rocket Raccoon, and Groot. \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" was relaunched as part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel initiative with Brian Michael Bendis and Valerio Schiti returning as writer and artist respectively. The series sees Peter Quill and Gamora leaving the team, and Rocket becoming the new team's self-appointed leader, also two new characters were added to the team. Kitty Pryde (taking up the mantle of Star-Lord) and the Thing. As a part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel initiative, all the cast of the",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)"
},
{
"id": "9170581",
"text": "Jackhammer (comics) Jackhammer (Matthew Banham) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Jackhammer was first mentioned as a HYDRA leader in \"Daredevil\" #121; he first appeared in \"Daredevil\" #123 (July 1975) and was created by Tony Isabella and Bob Brown. The character subsequently appears in \"Captain America\" #371 (June 1990), #373-378 (July–October 1990), \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" #28-29 (September–October 1992), \"Captain America\" #412-414 (February–April 1993), \"Thunderbolts\" #24-25 (March–April 1999), and \"Union Jack\" #1-2 (November–December 2006). Jackhammer is a costumed agent/division leader of HYDRA when it was under the leadership of the crime lord Silvermane.",
"title": "Jackhammer (comics)"
},
{
"id": "12225640",
"text": ", activates the Planetary Defense Shield trapping them outside of Earth. The series debuted to mostly positive reviews. The May 2008 sales estimate for the first issue was 39,854 copies, making it the 61st top-selling comic title that month. The first and second issues sold out; they have been reprinted in a collected edition. During the \"Secret Wars\" storyline in the domain of King James' England (which is based on the Marvel 1602 reality), the Guardians of the Galaxy have a counterpart here named the Gardiner's Men. They are a troupe of performers consisting of Madam Gomorrah, Peadar O'Cuill, Arthur",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)"
},
{
"id": "2419892",
"text": "were an assemblage of pre-existing superhero characters created by Lee and Jack Kirby. Kirby did the artwork for the first eight issues only, in addition to doing the layouts for issue #16. This initial series, published bi-monthly through issue #6 (July 1964) and monthly thereafter ran through issue #402 (Sept. 1996), with spinoffs including several annuals, miniseries and a giant-size quarterly sister series that ran briefly in the mid-1970s. Marvel filed for a trademark for \"The Avengers\" in 1967 and the United States Patent and Trademark Office issued the registration in 1970. Between 1996 and 2004, Marvel relaunched the primary",
"title": "The Avengers (comic book)"
},
{
"id": "3465121",
"text": "were printed in issue #1. Due to the publishing delays, Boyette was unavailable for the second issue, which was drawn by Sonny Trinidad instead. \"Marvel Presents\" is notable for giving the original Guardians of the Galaxy their first regular series, from issues #3 to #12, by Steve Gerber and Al Milgrom with Roger Stern replacing Gerber as writer as of issue #10. Issue #7 (Nov. 1976) depicted an obvious sex act in a Comics Code-approved comic book, between Vance Astro and Nikki. It presumably made it past the code because Nikki was outside her physical body and Vance was in",
"title": "Marvel Presents"
},
{
"id": "1283388",
"text": "a way to control the feedback loop. Therefore, the Lanterns survived the explosion and came together as a united force again, much to the Guardian's annoyance. Guardians of the Universe The Guardians of the Universe are a fictional race of extraterrestrials appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with Green Lantern. They first appeared in \"Green Lantern\" Vol. 2, Issue 1 (July 1960), and were created by John Broome and Gil Kane. The Guardians of the Universe have been adapted to a number of films, television programs, and video games. The Guardians of the Universe",
"title": "Guardians of the Universe"
},
{
"id": "18178082",
"text": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2014's \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" and the fifteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Written and directed by James Gunn, the film stars an ensemble cast featuring Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Pom Klementieff, Elizabeth Debicki, Chris Sullivan, Sean Gunn, Sylvester Stallone, and Kurt",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2"
},
{
"id": "16651230",
"text": "were considered for the role included \"\"s Zachary Levi, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Michael Rosenbaum, and John Gallagher Jr. Chris Pratt was cast in the role in February 2013, as part of a multi-film deal that he signed with Marvel. In January 2013, filming was scheduled to take place at Shepperton Studios in London, United Kingdom, and Marvel Studios announced that the film would be released in 3D. Victoria Alonso, an executive producer on the film, said that filming would begin in June. She also said that both Rocket Raccoon and Groot would be created through a combination of CGI and motion",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)"
},
{
"id": "8196122",
"text": "Jack Flag Jack Flag (Jack Harrison) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. A minor patriotic hero, he has occasionally appeared alongside Captain America and has been a member of the Guardians of the Galaxy. He first appeared in \"Captain America\" (1st series) #434 (December 1994), and was created by Mark Gruenwald and Dave Hoover. Jack and his brother, Drake, were members of Captain America's computer hotline network. Together, they created a citizen's patrol group in their hometown Sandhaven, Arizona. Several criminals attacked Drake; the attack left him unable to use his legs. After",
"title": "Jack Flag"
},
{
"id": "6634379",
"text": "Star-Lord Star-Lord (Peter Jason Quill) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character, created by Steve Englehart and Steve Gan, first appeared in \"Marvel Preview\" #4 (January 1976). The son of human Meredith Quill and Spartoi J'son, Peter Quill assumes the mantle of Star-Lord, an interplanetary policeman. The character played prominent roles in the comic book storylines \"Annihilation\" (2006) and \"\" (2007), \"War of Kings\" (2008), and \"The Thanos Imperative\" (2009). He became the leader of the space-based superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy in the 2008 relaunch of the comic of the",
"title": "Star-Lord"
},
{
"id": "3078793",
"text": "of X-Men going rogue after the events of \"Avengers Vs. X-Men\", and \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", picking up where his \"Avengers Assemble\" run left off. Bendis wrote the \"Age of Ultron\" crossover storyline, which included an eponymous 10-issue miniseries, that was published between March and June 2013. Issue 10 saw the introduction of the Neil Gaiman character Angela into the Marvel Universe. In November 2017, Bendis announced via Twitter that he would be working exclusively with DC Comics. His DC debut in \"Action Comics\" #1000 (June 2018). Ivan Reis drew the first issue of Bendis' \"The Man of Steel\" limited",
"title": "Brian Michael Bendis"
},
{
"id": "17270283",
"text": "the \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" series in 2008, agreed to write the tie-in comic preludes to the film \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", as a favor to director James Gunn. The Infinite Comic was released on April 1, 2014, and features art by Andrea De Vito. Issue 1 sees Nebula, while searching for the Orb, remembering growing up with Gamora and their father, Thanos, as well as her recent experiences with Ronan the Accuser. Issue 2 follows Rocket and Groot as bounty hunters in the lead-up to \"Guardians of the Galaxy\". This film prelude was also written by Dan Abnett and",
"title": "Marvel Cinematic Universe tie-in comics"
},
{
"id": "5640151",
"text": "Vance Astro Vance Astro, born Vance Astrovik and going by the code name Major Victory, is a fictional character, a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is usually depicted as being from the Earth-691 timeline of the Marvel Universe. Astro first appeared in January 1969 as a founding member of the Guardians of the Galaxy in the partial reprint title Marvel Super-Heroes with issue #18. Vance Astro is a mutant who possesses a psychokinetic ability, limited to projecting concussive blasts. Vance Astro first appeared as a founding member of the Guardians of the Galaxy.",
"title": "Vance Astro"
},
{
"id": "3225607",
"text": "Surfer\" #1–4 (June – Sept. 2006) and \"Annihilation\" #1–6 (Oct. 2006 – March 2007). The character was re-introduced in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" vol. 2, #24–25 (April–May 2010) and played a major role in \"The Thanos Imperative: Ignition\" (June 2010) and \"The Thanos Imperative\" #1–6 (July–Dec. 2010). The character returned in \"Avengers Assemble\" #1 (March 2012). A mini-series titled \"Thanos: Son of Titan\" by Joe Keatinge was planned for publication in August 2012, but was cancelled. The character's origin was expanded in the five-issue \"Thanos Rising\" miniseries by Jason Aaron and Simone Bianchi which was published monthly beginning in April",
"title": "Thanos"
},
{
"id": "5640154",
"text": "1980). \"Marvel Two-in-One\" #69 effectively split Vance Astro into two characters, from alternate timelines: Vance Astro/Major Victory and Vance Astrovik/Marvel Boy. In the 1990s Astro starred in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", which ran for 62 issues. It was initially written and illustrated by Jim Valentino. Valentino still found Vance's containment suit a problem: Michael Gallagher commenced writing the title from issue #29 (Oct. 1992) until cancellation in July 1995. Beginning with the second issue (June 2008) of \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" vol. 2, Astro joined a different team with the same name. He remained a member through the series' cancellation",
"title": "Vance Astro"
},
{
"id": "3036199",
"text": "by Black Coat Press. In 2014, the film \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" starred his creation, Star-Lord.. Its 2017 sequel, \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\", again starred Star-Lord and, in addition, featured Mantis, another Englehart creation. Both characters appear in 2018's \"\" as well. Englehart worked for some time as a professional astrologer, having developed an interest in astrology while working on \"Doctor Strange\". Englehart married Marie-Therese (Terry) Beach in 1975. They have two sons, Alex and Eric. Comics work includes: Steve Englehart Steve Englehart (; born April 22, 1947) is an American writer of comic books and novels. He",
"title": "Steve Englehart"
},
{
"id": "20970308",
"text": "\"on the heels of two back-to-back wars, they're out to prevent any new Annihilation-size disasters from erupting.\" The title ran parallel with \"Nova\" vol. 4, which was also written by Abnett and Lanning. The two crossed over in the storylines \"War of Kings\" and \"Realm of Kings\". Paul Pelletier pencilled the first seven issues. Brad Walker and Wes Craig alternated pencilling tasks from #8 to #25. The book was cancelled in April 2010 with issue 25. Some plot threads were concluded in \"The Thanos Imperative\" 1–6 and its two one-shots (May 2010 – Jan 2011). The team appeared reassembled in",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (New Guard)"
},
{
"id": "5289014",
"text": "Martinex Martinex T'Naga is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is depicted as being from an alternate future version of Marvel's shared universe, the Marvel Universe. Most of Martinex's adventures take place as a member of the 31st century Guardians of the Galaxy. Martinex first appeared in \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" #18 (January 1969) as part of the Guardians of the Galaxy. According to Roy Thomas, all of the original Guardians of the Galaxy were created in a conference between Arnold Drake and Stan Lee, but it remains uncertain whether each individual character was",
"title": "Martinex"
},
{
"id": "3225602",
"text": "Thanos Thanos (, ) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character, created by writer/artist Jim Starlin, first appeared in \"The Invincible Iron Man\" #55 (cover dated February 1973). Thanos is one of the most powerful villains in the Marvel Universe and has clashed with many heroes including the Avengers, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Fantastic Four, and the X-Men. The character appears in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, portrayed by Damion Poitier in \"The Avengers\" (2012), and by Josh Brolin in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" (2014), \"\" (2015), \"\" (2018), and \"\"",
"title": "Thanos"
},
{
"id": "12167367",
"text": "Bug (comics) Bug is a fictional character, a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Bug was originally a member of the Micronauts and later joined the second incarnation of the Guardians of the Galaxy. When he first appeared in \"Micronauts\" #1 (dated January 1979), Bug was known as Galactic Warrior, taking this name from a figure from the Micronauts toy line on which the comic book series was based. The toy based characters were all owned by Takara Co., Ltd., with any original characters owned by Marvel. Starting with the fourth issue Galactic Warrior's name was",
"title": "Bug (comics)"
},
{
"id": "6634380",
"text": "same name. He has been featured in a variety of associated Marvel merchandise, including animated television series, toys and trading cards. Chris Pratt portrays the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe beginning with the 2014 live action film \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" and \"\". He will also reprise the role in \"\". Wyatt Oleff portrays a young Peter Quill in the first two \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" films. The character first appeared in the black-and-white magazine publication \"Marvel Preview\" #4 (Jan 1976). Creator Steve Englehart had plans for the character that went unrealized. He",
"title": "Star-Lord"
},
{
"id": "16651287",
"text": "2018, Disney and Marvel severed ties with Gunn following the resurfacing of old controversial tweets surrounding topics such as rape and pedophilia. Production was put on hold a month later, and delayed to February 2021. Guardians of the Galaxy (film) Guardians of the Galaxy (retroactively referred to as Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 1) is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the tenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was directed by James",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)"
},
{
"id": "5802895",
"text": "by whistling. Yondu joined Vance Astro and other survivors of the Badoon attack on Earth's solar system in the 31st Century, who became known as the Guardians of the Galaxy. As part of the Guardians, Yondu traveled to present-day Earth and became an honorary member of the Avengers. The original Yondu never starred as a solo character in any Marvel Comic books, but was a core member of the team in the Guardians of the Galaxy comic that ran from 1990 to 1995. A second version of Yondu was first introduced into the Marvel Cinematic Universe in the 2014 Marvel",
"title": "Yondu"
},
{
"id": "281607",
"text": "the prose young adult novel \"Mary Jane\", starring Mary Jane Watson from the Spider-Man mythos, Marvel announced the formation of the publishing imprint Marvel Press. However, Marvel moved back to licensing with Pocket Books from 2005 to 2008. With few books issued under the imprint, Marvel and Disney Books Group relaunched Marvel Press in 2011 with the Marvel Origin Storybooks line. Many television series, both live-action and animated, have based their productions on Marvel Comics characters. These include series for popular characters such as Spider-Man, Iron Man, the Hulk, the Avengers, the X-Men, Fantastic Four, the Guardians of the Galaxy,",
"title": "Marvel Comics"
},
{
"id": "18178085",
"text": "its visuals, soundtrack, humor, and cast, though some critics deemed it not as \"fresh\" as the original. It also received a nomination for Best Visual Effects at the 90th Academy Awards. A sequel, \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3\", was initially being developed for a 2020 release, but has been put on hold after the firing of director James Gunn. In 2014, Peter Quill, Gamora, Drax, Rocket, and Baby Groot are renowned as the Guardians of the Galaxy. Ayesha, leader of the Sovereign race, has the Guardians protect valuable batteries from an inter-dimensional monster in exchange for Gamora's estranged sister",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2"
},
{
"id": "8370433",
"text": "Nova Corps The Nova Corps is a fictional intergalactic military/police force appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Marv Wolfman, the Corps first appeared in \"Fantastic Four\" #205 (April 1979). They have since appeared in numerous other Marvel stories set in outer space and media adaptations, such as the animated TV series \"The Super Hero Squad Show\" and the 2014 film \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", the latter of which is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The team was created by writer Marv Wolfman. Richard Rider, the first member, appeared in \"The Man Called Nova\"",
"title": "Nova Corps"
},
{
"id": "12225625",
"text": "in 2017. This Guardians team is the second to operate under the name, following the original team created by Arnold Drake and Gene Colan in 1969. The second volume of the title was published in May 2008, written by Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning and featured a new team of characters from the \"\" storyline. Abnett and Lanning's work on the \"Annihilation: Conquest\" story laid the foundation for the new Guardians of the Galaxy book that they had been wanting to launch for some time. Editor Bill Rosemann, who had also edited \"Annihilation: Conquest\", provided more background: \"As the planning",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (2008 team)"
},
{
"id": "19963117",
"text": "various comics artists' works on the museum, and he spent a month at the museum in May 2013. The manga was serialized in Shogakukan's manga magazine starting with the 19th issue, and the collected tankōbon was published on February 20, 2015, with a luxury edition in full color. The manga was published in France by the Louvre in collaboration with Futuropolis on November 21, 2014. The manga was translated into English by NBM Publishing, which listed it in October 2015, and published the manga on May 13, 2016. The manga is also licensed in Germany by Carlsen, in Italy by",
"title": "Guardians of the Louvre"
},
{
"id": "10073852",
"text": "Star Wars comics \"Star Wars\" comics have been produced by various comic book publishers since the debut of the 1977 film \"Star Wars\". An eponymous series by Marvel Comics began in 1977 with a six-issue comic adaptation of the film and ran for 107 issues until 1986. Blackthorne Publishing released a three-issue run of 3-D comics from 1987 to 1988. Dark Horse published the limited series \"\" in 1991, and ultimately produced over 100 \"Star Wars\" titles until 2014, including manga adaptations of the original trilogy of films and the 1999 prequel \"\". The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel in",
"title": "Star Wars comics"
},
{
"id": "16651213",
"text": "praised for its humor, acting, direction, soundtrack, visual effects, and action sequences. At the 87th Academy Awards, the film received nominations for Best Visual Effects and Best Makeup and Hairstyling. A sequel, \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\", was released on May 5, 2017. A third film, \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3\", which was initially being developed for a 2020 release, has been put on hold after the firing of director James Gunn. In 1988, following his mother's death, a young Peter Quill is abducted from Earth by the Ravagers, a group of space pirates led by Yondu Udonta.",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)"
},
{
"id": "6095154",
"text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy\". He remained a regular member of the series cast until it was canceled with issue #25 in 2010, also appearing in the follow-up limited series \"The Thanos Imperative\". Along with fellow Guardian Groot, Rocket starred in backup features in \"Annihilators\" #1-4 (March–June 2011) and \"Annihilators: Earthfall\" #1-4 (Sept.–Dec. 2011). Rocket Raccoon, along with the other members of the Guardians, appeared in issues #4-8 of \"Avengers Assemble\", a series intended as a jumping-on point for fans of the film \"The Avengers\". He appears prominently in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" vol. 3, a part of the 2012 Marvel",
"title": "Rocket Raccoon"
},
{
"id": "16651211",
"text": "Karen Gillan, Djimon Hounsou, John C. Reilly, Glenn Close, and Benicio del Toro. In \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", Peter Quill forms an uneasy alliance with a group of extraterrestrial criminals who are fleeing after stealing a powerful artifact. Perlman began working on the screenplay in 2009. Producer Kevin Feige first publicly mentioned \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" as a potential film in 2010 and Marvel Studios announced it was in active development at the San Diego Comic-Con International in July 2012. Gunn was hired to write and direct the film that September. In February 2013, Pratt was hired to play Peter",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)"
},
{
"id": "5046763",
"text": "series, employing the Marvel method of creation, and soon became good friends. A spin-off four-issue miniseries, \"Galactic Guardians\" (July–Oct. 1994), also by Gallagher and West, appeared during this time. West explained why he did not draw the final issue of \"Guardians of the Galaxy\": \"When I heard we were getting the hook, I naturally started looking for a new job. I ended up at Malibu. There was a hold-up getting the \"Guardians\" plot finished so by the time I got it, I had to pass because I had a Malibu deadline to meet. Arrgh. Despite any minor qualms I had,",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (1969 team)"
},
{
"id": "8196132",
"text": "and a skilled martial artist. Jack Flag Jack Flag (Jack Harrison) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. A minor patriotic hero, he has occasionally appeared alongside Captain America and has been a member of the Guardians of the Galaxy. He first appeared in \"Captain America\" (1st series) #434 (December 1994), and was created by Mark Gruenwald and Dave Hoover. Jack and his brother, Drake, were members of Captain America's computer hotline network. Together, they created a citizen's patrol group in their hometown Sandhaven, Arizona. Several criminals attacked Drake; the attack left him unable",
"title": "Jack Flag"
},
{
"id": "6449600",
"text": "same mix of reprint material, this first volume of Marvel Super-Heroes also began showcasing a try-out feature as each issue's lead. This encompassed solo stories of such supporting characters as Medusa of the Inhumans, as well as the debuts of Captain Marvel (#12), the Phantom Eagle (#16) and the Guardians of the Galaxy (#18). The Spider-Man story drawn by Ross Andru in issue #14 was originally planned as a fill-in issue of \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" but was used here when that title's regular artist, John Romita Sr. recovered more quickly than anticipated from a wrist injury. Andru would become the",
"title": "Marvel Super-Heroes (comics)"
},
{
"id": "3512107",
"text": "Steve Gerber Stephen Ross \"Steve\" Gerber (; September 20, 1947 – February 10, 2008) was an American comic book writer best known for co-creating the satiric Marvel Comics character Howard the Duck and a character-defining run on \"Man-Thing,\" one of their monster properties. Other notable works include \"Omega the Unknown,\" \"Marvel Spotlight:\" \"Son of Satan,\" \"The Defenders,\" \"Marvel Presents:\" \"Guardians of the Galaxy,\" \"Daredevil\" and \"Foolkiller\". Gerber was known for including lengthy text pages in the midst of comic book stories, such as in his graphic novel, \"Stewart the Rat\". Gerber was posthumously inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book",
"title": "Steve Gerber"
},
{
"id": "6095150",
"text": "Rocket Raccoon Rocket Raccoon is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Bill Mantlo and artist Keith Giffen, the character first appeared in \"Marvel Preview\" #7 (Summer 1976). He is an intelligent, anthropomorphic raccoon, who is an expert marksman and master tactician. His name and aspects of his character are a nod to The Beatles' 1968 song \"Rocky Raccoon\". Rocket Raccoon appeared as a prominent member in the 2008 relaunch of the superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy. The character has appeared in several media adaptations as a member of that team,",
"title": "Rocket Raccoon"
},
{
"id": "18330415",
"text": "Guardians of the Galaxy (TV series) Guardians of the Galaxy is an American animated television series. It is based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name. It is produced by Marvel Animation. The series airs on Disney XD. It premiered on September 26, 2015, as a part of the Marvel Universe block. While the series features the same main characters as the homonymous film, it is not a part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe nor is it set in the same continuity as the film. Disney XD premiered the second season of the series on March 11,",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3234759",
"text": "Yellowjacket (Rita DeMara) Rita DeMara is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The second Yellowjacket, she is initially a reluctant supervillainess and later superheroine. Yellowjacket first appeared in \"The Avengers\" #264 (February 1986), and was created by Roger Stern and John Buscema. Years later, she was featured as a regular character in the \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" and \"Avengers\" titles. \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" writer/artist Jim Valentino reminisced, \"It was my group's first foray into the 20th Century. I knew they were going to meet the Masters of Evil ... She was a member",
"title": "Yellowjacket (Rita DeMara)"
},
{
"id": "20760670",
"text": "which saw the dissolution of the Guardians of the Galaxy. The following day, Marvel released the first details of the series, which is scheduled to debut in September 2018 by writer Cullen Bunn and artist Matteo Lolli, and features a line-up consisting of characters from Asgard or that have ties to Asgard including; Angela (Thor's sister, who previously joined the Guardians of the Galaxy), Valkyrie (the Asgardian warrior, who Bunn included in his series, \"Fearless Defenders\"), Kevin Masterson (the son of Thor's previous host, Eric Masterson), Throg (an anthropomorphic frog that wields a hammer made from a shard of Mjolnir),",
"title": "Asgardians of the Galaxy"
},
{
"id": "16651262",
"text": "Prelude\". Written by Dan Abnett and Andy Lanning, with art by Wellington Alves, the first issue focused on the background of Nebula and her bond with Thanos; the second issue featured the adventures of Rocket and Groot before they join forces with the other Guardians. In June 2014, Mike Pasciullo, senior VP of Marvel Studios, described the marketing approach for \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" by saying that Marvel had \"built a robust marketing program for the theatrical release that carefully integrates traditional advertising, social media, digital marketing, strategic promotional partnerships, organic entertainment integrations [and] publicity.\" In July 2014, Marvel launched",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)"
},
{
"id": "5802896",
"text": "Studios film \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", portrayed by Michael Rooker, where he is a space pirate leading one of the factions of \"The Ravagers\". He also appears in the film's 2017 sequel, \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\". After the release of the first film, Marvel Comics introduced a comic book version of the character to the Earth-616 comic book continuity. The present day Yondu character has appeared both in the \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" animated show as well as being a playable character in video games. The Earth-691 version of Yondu first appeared in \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" #18 (January 1969).",
"title": "Yondu"
},
{
"id": "5802894",
"text": "Yondu Yondu Udonta, or simply Yondu (), is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The original version of the character is depicted as the last survivor of his species in the 31st century, and is a founding member of the original Guardians of the Galaxy team from the Marvel Multiverse alternate reality known as Earth-691. Yondu in Earth-691 is depicted as a blue-skinned male with a large red fin protruding from the back of his head and back; he is a spiritual warrior who can control his killing arrows via sound waves, most commonly",
"title": "Yondu"
},
{
"id": "10042232",
"text": "story, Danvers and her Avenger teammates battle Yon-Rogg, the Kree commander who was responsible for the explosion that caused Danvers to receive her powers, and in defeating the Kree Danvers loses her memories. In November 2013, Marvel announced that Danvers would be joining the Guardians of the Galaxy beginning in \"Free Comic Book Day: Guardians of the Galaxy\" (May 2014) by Brian Michael Bendis and Sara Pichelli. In March 2014, Marvel launched an eighth volume of \"Captain Marvel\" written again by DeConnick and starring Danvers in the title role but drawn by artist David López. DeConnick said, \"The big difference",
"title": "Carol Danvers"
},
{
"id": "5440385",
"text": "James Gunn James Francis Gunn Jr. (born August 5, 1966) is an American filmmaker, actor, novelist, and musician. He started his career as a screenwriter in the mid-1990s, writing the scripts for \"Tromeo and Juliet\" (1996), \"The Specials\" (2000), \"Scooby-Doo\" (2002) and its sequel, \"\" (2004), and the 2004 version of \"Dawn of the Dead\". He then started working as a director, starting with the horror-comedy film \"Slither\" (2006). He subsequently wrote and directed the web series \"James Gunn's PG Porn\" (2008–2009), the superhero film \"Super\" (2010), and the Marvel Cinematic Universe film \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" (2014) and its",
"title": "James Gunn"
},
{
"id": "7817075",
"text": "version of the Knights appears in the 1990 mini-series \"Twilight\", where they were cast as an opposing peace force to Tommy Tomorrow's Planeteers. Considering that the two teams existed in different centuries, this was decidedly out of character. The Knights make a possibly apochryphal appearance in \"Starman\" #55 (July 1999). As part of the story \"Taxicab Confessions\", Space Cabbie claims they rescued Jack Knight and Mikaal Thomas from Jarko the Space Pirate. Knights of the Galaxy Knights of the Galaxy was a short-lived science fiction series published by DC Comics. They first appear in \"Mystery in Space\" #1, (April–May 1951),",
"title": "Knights of the Galaxy"
},
{
"id": "18330426",
"text": "of the Galaxy\" aired on Disney XD in the United States and Disney Channel in Canada on September 5, 2015, as a preview. It officially debuted on September 26, 2015. The series premiered on Disney XD in the United Kingdom and Ireland on November 7, 2015. It also premiered on Disney XD in Australia and New Zealand on November 8, 2015. Guardians of the Galaxy (TV series) Guardians of the Galaxy is an American animated television series. It is based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name. It is produced by Marvel Animation. The series airs on",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3225609",
"text": "in June, 2015. The third graphic novel, \"Thanos: The Infinity Finale\", as well as the connected mini-series \"The Infinity Entity\" were published in 2016. At the same time Starlin was writing these graphic novels and tie-ins, the character also appeared in \"New Avengers\" #23–24 (Oct–Nov 2014), \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" vol. 3, #18–20 (Oct–Dec 2014), \"Legendary Star-Lord\" #4 (Dec 2014), a six-issue miniseries titled \"Thanos: A God Up There Listening\" (Dec 2014), \"Avengers\" vol. 5, #40–41 (Mar–Apr 2015), and \"Deadpool\" vol. 3, #45 (\"#250\") (Jun 2015). Thanos also played a major role in the five-issue miniseries \"The Infinity Gauntlet\" vol.",
"title": "Thanos"
},
{
"id": "7842615",
"text": "Thomas, all of the original Guardians of the Galaxy were created in a conference between Arnold Drake and Stan Lee, but it remains uncertain whether each individual character was created by Drake, Lee, or both. Writer Steve Gerber included the character when he revived the team in \"Marvel Presents\" #3 (Feb. 1976) to #12 (Aug. 1977). Charlie-27 is a recurring character in the 1990s \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" series and appeared along with the rest of the original Guardians of the Galaxy team in the 2014 series \"Guardians 3000\". He was also one of the characters featured in the 2016",
"title": "Charlie-27"
},
{
"id": "10086580",
"text": "#29 (April 1975) was a fill-in that reprinted an edited version of the first Guardians of the Galaxy story, from \"Marvel Super Heroes\" #18 (Jan. 1969). In addition to \"Astonishing Tales\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> sister publication, \"Amazing Adventures\" vol. 2, Marvel announced plans in 1970 for a never-realized third split book featuring Doctor Strange and Iceman. In 2008 and 2009, Marvel produced 11 webcomics starring different characters under the umbrella title \"Astonishing Tales\": Several stories from those series were reprinted in the six-issue limited series \"Astonishing Tales\" vol. 2 (April–Sept. 2009). Astonishing Tales Astonishing Tales is an American anthology comic book series published",
"title": "Astonishing Tales"
},
{
"id": "2628277",
"text": "of the New Mutants team, Adam Warlock co-starred with Thanos in the limited series \"The Infinity Abyss\" #1-6 (Aug.-Oct. 2002); \"\" #1-6 (May-Aug. 2003; first four issues biweekly); and \"Thanos\" #1-6 (Dec. 2003 - April 2004). A version of the character starred in the four-issue limited series \"Warlock\" vol. 5 (Nov. 2004 - Feb. 2005), by writer Greg Pak and artist Charles Adlard. After appearances in \"Annihilation Conquest: Quasar\" #1-4 (Sept.-Dec. 2007) and \"Annihilation Conquest\" # 1-6 (Nov. 2007 - April 2008), he was a key character in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" vol. 2, #1-25 (July 2008 - April 2010),",
"title": "Adam Warlock"
},
{
"id": "3226051",
"text": "portrayed by Dave Bautista in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, appearing in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" (2014), \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" (2017), \"\" (2018), and the upcoming film \"\" (2019). Drax first appeared in \"The Invincible Iron Man\" #55 (February 1973), and was created by Jim Starlin with the help of writer Mike Friedrich. He had a recurring role in \"Captain Marvel\", beginning with issue #27 (July 1973). He also appeared in \"Warlock\" #10 (December 1975), \"Iron Man\" #88 (July 1976), \"Warlock\" #15 (November 1976), \"Logan's Run\" #6 (June 1977), \"Thor\" #314 (December 1981), and \"Avengers\" #219 (May 1982),",
"title": "Drax the Destroyer"
},
{
"id": "5652524",
"text": "Fury and his Howling Commandos\". Drake wrote the run of \"X-Men\" #47–54 (Aug. 1968 – March 1969, co-writing his initial issue with Gary Friedrich), which included two rare circumstances of stories drawn but not written by the noted comics writer-artist Jim Steranko. Drake introduced several new characters to the series including Mesmero, Lorna Dane, and Havok. Drake as well wrote issues of the space-alien superhero \"Captain Marvel\", stories for the superhero satire comic \"Not Brand Echh\", and a story of the jungle lord Ka-Zar. In \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" #18 (Jan. 1969), Drake and editor Stan Lee co-created the Guardians of the",
"title": "Arnold Drake"
},
{
"id": "18178084",
"text": "set the sequel shortly after the first film to explore the characters' new roles as the Guardians, and to follow the storyline of Quill's father established throughout that previous film. Russell was confirmed as Quill's father in July 2016, portraying Ego, a departure from Quill's comic father. \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" premiered in Tokyo on April 10, 2017 and was released in the United States on May 5, in 3D and IMAX 3D. It grossed more than $863 million worldwide, making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2017, while also outgrossing its predecessor. The film received praise for",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2"
},
{
"id": "7842614",
"text": "Charlie-27 Captain Charlie-27 is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character usually appears in the Earth-691 timeline of the Marvel Universe as a member of the original 31st century incarnation of the team known as the Guardians of the Galaxy. Charlie-27 first appeared in \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" #18 (January 1969). Writer Dan Abnett described him as \"the heart\" of the Guardians of the Galaxy. The character was portrayed by actor Ving Rhames in the 2017 film \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\". Charlie-27 first appeared in \"Marvel Super-Heroes\" #18 (January 1969). According to Roy",
"title": "Charlie-27"
},
{
"id": "18178148",
"text": "\"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" made its world premiere in Tokyo on April 10, 2017, and its Hollywood premiere on April 19 at the Dolby Theatre. The film began its international release on April 25, in Australia, New Zealand, and Italy, alongside a total of 37 markets in its first weekend, with 176 IMAX screens in 35 of those markets. Its North American release on May 5 took place in 4,347 theaters, of which over 3,800 were in 3D, 388 in IMAX and IMAX 3D, 588 premium large-format, and 194 D-Box locations. The film's opening in China was in",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2"
},
{
"id": "6634383",
"text": "leading into the \"\" crossover storyline, in which he played a central role. Spinning out of \"Annihilation: Conquest\", a second volume of \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" featured a team of characters from the crossover who were led by Star-Lord for the duration of the title's 25-issue run. Plot lines from that series were concluded in \"The Thanos Imperative\" mini-series. Because of revisions to the character's origin, his early appearances have been officially designated as occurring in an alternate reality. Star-Lord returned, along with other members of the Guardians, in \"Avengers Assemble\" #4-8 (June–Oct. 2012). He stars in \"Guardians of the",
"title": "Star-Lord"
},
{
"id": "3016600",
"text": "Fanfare\" and \"Contest of Champions\". Their appearances became even scarcer in the 1990s, appearing in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", \"What If?\", \"The Amazing Spider-Man\", \"Marvel Comics Presents\" and \"Cosmic Powers Unlimited\". In 1994 Captain Universe appeared in a one-shot, coinciding with a promotion, with the claim that readers could have a comic about themselves made for a fee. The comics were generally stock stories, with minor details (such as skin or hair color, key names or phrases, etc.) altered based on information provided by the purchaser. Veterinary student Jeff Christiansen, who would later become the force behind the resurgence of",
"title": "Captain Universe"
},
{
"id": "281883",
"text": "Marvel Universe The Marvel Universe is a fictional universe where the stories in most American comic book titles and other media published by Marvel Entertainment take place. Super-teams such as the Avengers, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Defenders, the Inhumans and other Marvel superheroes live in this universe, including characters such as Spider-Man, Captain America, Iron Man, Thor, Daredevil, The Hulk, Wolverine, Punisher, Moon Knight, Deadpool, Blade, Ghost Rider, Doctor Strange and numerous others. The Marvel Universe is further depicted as existing within a \"multiverse\" consisting of thousands of separate universes, all of which",
"title": "Marvel Universe"
},
{
"id": "3241404",
"text": "whole lot of previous history ... [a] character I could do anything I wanted to without worrying about how it would affect any other titles that character might appear in.\" He later became the editor for several issues. Steve Gerber first worked on the characters in \"Giant-Size Defenders\" #3 (January 1975) and became the writer of the main title with issue #20 the following month. He wrote the series until issue #41 (November 1976). Part of Gerber's oeuvre was reviving forgotten characters; he brought back three pre-Marvel characters, the Headmen, as well as the Guardians of the Galaxy. The Defenders",
"title": "Defenders (comics)"
},
{
"id": "11583515",
"text": "Grisham, Gillian Flynn, and George R.R. Martin. In February 2015, Scribd introduced comics to its subscription service. The company added 10,000 comics and graphic novels from publishers including Marvel, Archie, Boom! Studios, Dynamite, IDW, and Valiant. These included series such as \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", \"Daredevil\", \"X-O Manowar\", and \"The Avengers\". However, in December 2016, comics were eliminated from the service due to low demand. In February 2010, Scribd unveiled its first mobile plans for e-readers and smartphones. In April 2010 Scribd launched a new feature called \"Readcast\", which allows automatic sharing of documents on Facebook and Twitter. Also in",
"title": "Scribd"
},
{
"id": "6095151",
"text": "including animated television series, toys, and video games. He appears in the live-action films \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" (2014), \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" (2017), \"\" (2018), and the upcoming \"\" (2019), all set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. In these appearances, Rocket Raccoon is voiced by Bradley Cooper, with motion capture provided by Sean Gunn. The character was created by Bill Mantlo and Keith Giffen, and inspired by the Beatles song \"Rocky Raccoon\". Other references to the song were featured in Rocket's appearance in \"The Incredible Hulk\" #271 (May 1982), which was titled \"Now Somewhere In the Black",
"title": "Rocket Raccoon"
},
{
"id": "14111605",
"text": "Star Wars (UK comics) Star Wars Comic was a British comic book series published monthly by Titan Magazines from 1999 to 2014. For its first five volumes of publication, the title featured comic strips reprinted from \"Star Wars\" comics originally published in the United States by Dark Horse Comics. The title later contained new and original comic strips. The first volume of \"Star Wars Comic\" began publication to coincide with the cinematic release of \"The Phantom Menace\" in July 1999. Volumes 2 and 3 were launched to coincide with the releases of \"Attack of the Clones\" and \"Revenge of the",
"title": "Star Wars (UK comics)"
},
{
"id": "6512118",
"text": "numbered from issue #424 (January 1987) to issue #649 (April 2006), for a total of 228 monthly issues including issue #0 (October 1994) published between issues #516 and #517 as a tie-in to the \"Zero Hour\" limited series and issue #1,000,000 (November 1998) as a tie-in to the \"DC One Million\" limited series and nine Annuals published between 1987 and 1997. When the series was relaunched in late 1986 under its new title, the creative team initially was writer Marv Wolfman and artist Jerry Ordway. John Byrne replaced Wolfman with issue #436 (January 1988) and Ordway became both writer and",
"title": "Superman (comic book)"
},
{
"id": "5630236",
"text": "are the good ole days.'\" Milgrom came to prominence as a penciller on \"Captain Marvel\" from 1975 to 1977. He penciled the Guardians of the Galaxy feature in \"Marvel Presents\", which was written by Steve Gerber and Roger Stern. Milgrom worked as editor at DC Comics from 1977 to 1978. While at DC, he co-created Ronnie Raymond, the original Firestorm, with writer Gerry Conway. Milgrom was an editor for Marvel Comics beginning in 1979, and editing \"Marvel Fanfare\" for its full ten-year run (#1–60, March 1982–January 1992). As editor of \"The Incredible Hulk\", he designed the costumes of the U-Foes.",
"title": "Al Milgrom"
},
{
"id": "6307657",
"text": "Korvac, being a native of the 31st century, made a natural adversary for the Guardians of the Galaxy, and wrote a story in \"Thor Annual\" #6 (1977) which was intended to set him up in that role. The Guardians of the Galaxy's own series, \"Marvel Presents\", was cancelled before \"Thor Annual\" #6 was published, cutting off Stern's plans to use Korvac there. Korvac instead appeared in \"Avengers\" #167, 168, 170 - 177 (January - November 1978), later called the \"Korvac Saga\". The eleven issues were written by Jim Shooter and David Michelinie, with art by George Pérez and David Wenzel.",
"title": "Korvac"
},
{
"id": "4600445",
"text": "Ego the Living Planet Ego the Living Planet is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in \"Thor\" #132 (September 1966) and was created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby. Ego is portrayed by Kurt Russell in the film \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\". Ego the Living Planet was initially introduced in \"The Mighty Thor\" #132 (September 1966), and was created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby. Ego was created by Kirby during a phase in which he was fascinated with the universe. Ego, the alien",
"title": "Ego the Living Planet"
},
{
"id": "6836595",
"text": "were in the 100 Page Super Spectacular format. The series reached its 300th issue with a June 1978 cover date and featured a story by writer David Vern Reed and artists Walt Simonson and Dick Giordano. Len Wein became the writer of the series with issue #307 (January 1979) and in his first issue, created Wayne Foundation executive Lucius Fox, later portrayed by Morgan Freeman in the movies \"Batman Begins\", \"The Dark Knight\", and \"The Dark Knight Rises\". Julius Schwartz ended his tenure as editor of the series with issue #309 (March 1979). Marv Wolfman briefly wrote \"Batman\" and co-created",
"title": "Batman (comic book)"
},
{
"id": "281564",
"text": "well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, the Hulk, Captain Marvel, Black Panther, Deadpool, Doctor Strange, Wolverine, Daredevil, Ghost Rider and the Punisher, such teams as the Avengers, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, the Inhumans and the Guardians of the Galaxy, and antagonists including Thanos, Doctor Doom, Magneto, Red Skull, Green Goblin, Ultron, Doctor Octopus, Loki, Galactus, and Venom. Most of Marvel's fictional characters operate in a single reality known as the Marvel Universe, with most locations mirroring real-life places; many major characters are based in New York City. Pulp-magazine publisher Martin Goodman founded the company later known",
"title": "Marvel Comics"
},
{
"id": "10073871",
"text": "at the San Diego Comic-Con. In July 2014, Marvel announced three new series at SDCC: \"Star Wars\", \"\", and the limited series \"\". The initial series, \"Star Wars\", was released in January 2015, with \"Darth Vader\" debuting in February, and \"Princess Leia\" in March. Several other limited series followed, including \"\" (April 2015–March 2016), \"\" (July–October 2015), \"\" (September–October 2015), \"\" (October–December 2015), and \"\" (January–May 2016), as well as the one-shots \"\" (November 2015) and \"\" (April 2016). The ongoing series \"\" was announced in January 2016. Featuring X-wing fighter pilot Poe Dameron introduced in \"The Force Awakens\", the",
"title": "Star Wars comics"
},
{
"id": "6334322",
"text": "Collector (comics) The Collector (Taneleer Tivan) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Debuting in the Silver Age of Comic Books, the character has been featured in over five decades of Marvel continuity. The Collector appears in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, portrayed by Benicio del Toro, in a cameo in the mid-credits scene of 2013's \"\", and further appearances in 2014's \"Guardians of the Galaxy\", and in 2018's \"\". The Collector first appeared in \"The Avengers\" #28 (May 1966), and was created by Stan Lee and Don Heck. Taneleer Tivan is one of the",
"title": "Collector (comics)"
},
{
"id": "6095165",
"text": "so that they can escape. Rocket Raccoon Rocket Raccoon is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Bill Mantlo and artist Keith Giffen, the character first appeared in \"Marvel Preview\" #7 (Summer 1976). He is an intelligent, anthropomorphic raccoon, who is an expert marksman and master tactician. His name and aspects of his character are a nod to The Beatles' 1968 song \"Rocky Raccoon\". Rocket Raccoon appeared as a prominent member in the 2008 relaunch of the superhero team Guardians of the Galaxy. The character has appeared in several media adaptations as",
"title": "Rocket Raccoon"
},
{
"id": "16651274",
"text": "\"Marvel Cinematic Universe: Phase Two Collection\", which includes all of the Phase Two films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It was released on December 8, 2015. \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" earned $333.2 million in North America and an estimated $440.2 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $773.3 million. The film became the third-highest-grossing film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, behind \"The Avengers\" and \"Iron Man 3\". It was the third-highest-grossing 2014 film (behind \"\" and \"\") and the highest-grossing superhero film of 2014. It had a worldwide opening weekend of $160.7 million. \"Deadline Hollywood\" calculated the net",
"title": "Guardians of the Galaxy (film)"
},
{
"id": "7842791",
"text": "Talon (Marvel Comics) Talon is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is depicted as a feline Inhuman in the Earth-691 timeline of the fictional Marvel Universe, sorcerer apprentice to Krugarr. Created by Jim Valentino, Talon debuted in \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" #18 (Nov. 1991). He is a member of the Guardians of the Galaxy. Initially, creator Jim Valentino wanted to use Wolverine in a storyline where the Guardians had briefly returned to Earth, but Bob Harras, the X-Men editor of the time, did not want it established that Wolverine could live that long.",
"title": "Talon (Marvel Comics)"
},
{
"id": "6836587",
"text": "Batman (comic book) Batman is an ongoing American comic book series featuring the DC Comics superhero Batman as its main protagonist. The character first appeared in \"Detective Comics\" #27 (cover dated May 1939). Batman proved to be so popular that a self-titled ongoing comic book series began publication with a cover date of Spring 1940. It was first advertised in early April 1940, one month after the first appearance of his new sidekick, Robin, the Boy Wonder. Though the \"Batman\" comic book was initially launched as a quarterly publication, it later became a bimonthly series through the late 1950s, after",
"title": "Batman (comic book)"
}
] | when did guardians of the galaxy comic book come out |
|
| [
{
"id": "13600812",
"text": "surpassed Lady Gaga for having the most followed person on Twitter in January 2013. In early November 2013, Katy Perry surpassed him for having the most followers. As of 2017, Bieber was the second most followed user of Twitter, while his VEVO channel made him the third most subscribed user of YouTube until by 2018 where it became the second most subscribed user of YouTube. The music video for Bieber's song \"Baby\" is the second most disliked on YouTube, receiving over 9.93 million dislikes since its upload in 2010, being only surpassed by the 2018 YouTube Rewind in December 2018.",
"title": "Justin Bieber"
},
{
"id": "6756805",
"text": "views per day. According to data published by market research company comScore, YouTube is the dominant provider of online video in the United States, with a market share of around 43% and more than 14 billion views of videos in May 2010. In May 2011, 48 hours of new videos were uploaded to the site every minute, which increased to 60 hours every minute in January 2012, 100 hours every minute in May 2013, 300 hours every minute in November 2014, and 400 hours every minute in February 2017. As of January 2012, the site had 800 million unique users",
"title": "YouTube"
},
{
"id": "12672623",
"text": "including the creation of a new Arabic hub and several playlists, while supporting Right-to-left text in their apps. In October 2015, \"Thinking Out Loud\" by Ed Sheeran became the first song to pass 500 million streams. A month later, Spotify announced that \"Lean On\" by Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ was its most streamed song of all time with over 525 million streams worldwide. In April 2016, Rihanna overtook Justin Bieber to become the biggest artist on Spotify, with 31.3 million monthly active listeners. In May 2016, Rihanna was overtaken by Drake with 3.185 billion total streams. In",
"title": "Spotify"
},
{
"id": "13112783",
"text": "shows music videos and film trailers. By July 2013, it had crossed 100 crore (1 billion) views, becoming the second Indian YouTube channel to cross the milestone after Rajshri Productions. In February 2017, T-Series surpassed PewDiePie to become the world's most-viewed YouTube channel. As of 19 December 2018 it has 5,600 crore (56 billion) views. The YouTube channel has reached 7.5 crore (75 million) subscribers, making it the second most-subscribed YouTube channel after PewDiePie. Currently, it is the most subscribed Asian and non-English-language YouTube channel. Reaching 5 crore (50 million) subscribers, the channel received a Custom Play Button on September",
"title": "T-Series (company)"
},
{
"id": "11148992",
"text": "launching YouTube Comedy Week and the YouTube Music Awards. Both events were met with negative to mixed reception. In November 2013, YouTube's own YouTube channel had surpassed Felix Kjellberg's PewDiePie channel to become the most subscribed channel on the website. This was due to auto-suggesting new users to subscribe to the channel upon registration. On April 3, 2018, a shooting took place at YouTube headquarters. On June 19, 2007, Google CEO Eric Schmidt was in Paris to launch the new localization system. The interface of the website is available with localized versions in 89 countries, one territory (Hong Kong) and",
"title": "History of YouTube"
},
{
"id": "13112777",
"text": "videos as well as film trailers, is the most-viewed YouTube channel, with 5,530 crore (53 billion) views as of 6 November 2018. With 7.5 crore (75 million) subscribers as of 11 December 2018, it also ranks as the second most-subscribed channel behind PewDiePie. In addition, T-Series has a multi-channel network, with 29 channels that have more than 13.5 crore (135 million) YouTube subscribers as of November 2018 and 6,150 crore (61.5 billion) views as of August 2018. The T-Series DailyMotion channel as of 11 December 2018 is the most-followed DailyMotion channel with 87 thousand followers. With 26.9 crore (269 million)",
"title": "T-Series (company)"
},
{
"id": "20702595",
"text": "YouTuber A YouTuber, also known as a YouTube personality, YouTube celebrity, or YouTube content creator, is a type of internet celebrity and videographer who has gained popularity from their videos on the video-sharing website, YouTube. Networks sometimes support YouTube celebrities. Some YouTube personalities have corporate sponsors who pay for product placement in their clips or production of online ads. As of December 2018, PewDiePie is the most-subscribed YouTuber, with over 77 million subscribers. YouTubers have become an important source of information and entertainment for Millennials and Generation Z as well as an influential part of the internet economy, having impact",
"title": "YouTuber"
},
{
"id": "20702602",
"text": "The video features the year's most popular videos, people, music, movies, memes, and moments on YouTube and elsewhere. YouTuber A YouTuber, also known as a YouTube personality, YouTube celebrity, or YouTube content creator, is a type of internet celebrity and videographer who has gained popularity from their videos on the video-sharing website, YouTube. Networks sometimes support YouTube celebrities. Some YouTube personalities have corporate sponsors who pay for product placement in their clips or production of online ads. As of December 2018, PewDiePie is the most-subscribed YouTuber, with over 77 million subscribers. YouTubers have become an important source of information and",
"title": "YouTuber"
},
{
"id": "16270878",
"text": "WatchMojo.com WatchMojo.com is a Canadian-based privately held video producer, publisher, and syndicator. With over 12 billion all-time video views and more than 19 million subscribers (making it the 27th most-viewed channel), WatchMojo has one of the largest channels on YouTube. 60% of its viewers and subscribers are male, and 92% are from the United States. Including its international editions like WatchMojo Espanol and vertical channels like MsMojo, it has over 30 million subscribers. Its cumulative global reach on YouTube is 97 million unique viewers per month, as of March 2018 and grew to 115 million by September of that year.",
"title": "WatchMojo.com"
},
{
"id": "19410796",
"text": "has contributed to the popularity and widespread production of videos in this format . As of August 2018, the most subscribed beauty YouTuber in the world was Mexico's Mariand Castrejon Castañeda, popularly known as Yuya. The following table lists the 10 most subscribed beauty and style YouTube channels, including country, language, and subscriber count, as of August 2018. In April 2017, \"Forbes\" magazine released its list of \"Top Influencers\" in social media for 2017. The following table lists the top 10 beauty \"influencers,\" including country, as chosen by \"Forbes\". Combined, these ten YouTubers had over 46.5 million YouTube subscribers. The",
"title": "Beauty YouTuber"
},
{
"id": "17139241",
"text": "with YouTube\". The first number-one song on the chart was \"Thrift Shop\" by Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring Wanz on January 19, 2013. Source: Source: Streaming Songs The Streaming Songs chart is released weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine and lists each week's top streamed radio songs, on-demand songs and videos on leading online music services in the United States. The chart represents one of the three components, along with airplay (Hot 100 Airplay) and sales (Hot Digital Songs and Hot Singles Sales), that determine the chart positions of songs on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, which ranks the most popular songs in",
"title": "Streaming Songs"
},
{
"id": "6756800",
"text": "ads according to site content and audience. The vast majority of its videos are free to view, but there are exceptions, including subscription-based premium channels, film rentals, as well as YouTube Premium, a subscription service offering ad-free access to the website and access to exclusive content made in partnership with existing users. , there were more than 400 hours of content uploaded to YouTube each minute, and one billion hours of content being watched on YouTube every day. , the website is ranked as the second-most popular site in the world, according to Alexa Internet. YouTube was founded by Chad",
"title": "YouTube"
},
{
"id": "12619110",
"text": "the channel, which was later turned into one of Fred's enemies in the \"Fred\" series. By April 2009, the channel had over one million subscribers, making it the first YouTube channel to do so, and the most subscribed channel at the time. However, in August 2009, YouTube celebrities Ryan Higa's and Sean Fujiyoshi's channel, Nigahiga, overtook Fred as the most subscribed channel. It was the third to reach 2 million, in September 2010, shortly after falling to third. , the videos have received over 1.1 billion views, and over 2.5 million are subscribed to the channel. In December 2009, Cruikshank",
"title": "Fred Figglehorn"
},
{
"id": "11148989",
"text": "news feeds of social networking sites. At the same time, a new version of the YouTube logo was introduced with a darker shade of red, which was the first change in design since October 2006. In 2012, YouTube said that roughly 60 hours of new videos are uploaded to the site every minute, and that around three-quarters of the material comes from outside the U.S. The site has eight hundred million unique users a month. Starting from 2010 and continuing to the present, Alexa ranked YouTube as the third most visited website on the Internet after Google and Facebook. In",
"title": "History of YouTube"
},
{
"id": "20298536",
"text": "Trap Nation Trap Nation is an American YouTube music promotion channel based in Los Angeles that showcases Future bass, Chill, and electronic dance music. Trap Nation serves as the flagship channel in The Nations network, which includes channels Chill Nation, Bass Nation, Rap Nation, Indie Nation, R&B Nation, and House Nation. As of November 2018, The Nations are the largest music channel network on YouTube with over 38.1 million subscribers collectively. The flagship channel, Trap Nation, is currently the 32nd most-subscribed channel on YouTube. Trap Nation was founded in September 2012 by Andre Willem Benz when he was 15 years",
"title": "Trap Nation"
},
{
"id": "19980194",
"text": "Phonographic Industry, \"Despacito\" was the second best-selling digital single of 2017 worldwide, with 24.3 million sales plus track-equivalent streams. \"Despacito\" became the world's most-streamed song of all-time in July 2017, with 4.6 billion streams between the original and remix version, surpassing Justin Bieber's \"Sorry\". It was streamed 7.5 billion times as of April 2018. In February 2018, the remix version became the first Latin and eight overall song to surpass one billion streams on Spotify. In the United Kingdom, it became the longest-reigning foreign language number-one, surpassing The Manhattan Transfer's three weeks achieved in 1977 with their single \"Chanson D'Amour\".",
"title": "Despacito"
},
{
"id": "13241678",
"text": "by Vevo because it was not associated with them until four days after its release to YouTube. Both the YouTube and Vevo records were eventually eclipsed by Taylor Swift's \"Look What You Made Me Do\" on August 27, 2017, which gained 43.2 million views in 24 hours. On November 30, 2018, Ariana Grande's \"Thank U, Next\" beat Swift's record, accumulating 55.4 million views in 24 hours, as well as beating BTS' \"Idol\" YouTube record of 45 million views. Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber, and Miley Cyrus have all broken the record twice. List of videos which held the record for most",
"title": "Vevo"
},
{
"id": "21000938",
"text": "viewers, who subsequently dubbed it \"the worst rewind ever\". The video was criticized for obscure trending, or unpopular youtubers; lack of references to recent deaths such as Stefán Karl Stefánsson, TotalBiscuit and Stan Lee; and exclusion of many YouTubers such as iJustine, Rhett & Link, and PewDiePie, the most subscribed YouTube channel. However, the animation was praised and Will Smith's reactions in the video became an internet meme. \"YouTube Rewind 2018\" amassed 29.4 million views within 24 hours of release, making it the 13th most-viewed YouTube video in the first 24 hours. As of December 18, 2018, it has over",
"title": "YouTube Rewind 2018: Everyone Controls Rewind"
},
{
"id": "18048424",
"text": "13, he formed a band with his brother called Zudex. Garmendia uploaded his first YouTube video in 2011 after being encouraged by his friends. In August 2014 and 2015, he won the \"Icon of the Year\" prize from MTV Millennial Awards 2014. He made a brief appearance in YouTube Rewind 2014 and made a longer appearance in the 2015 and 2016 versions due to how much he had accomplished during those years. As of February 2018, his main YouTube channel has over 33 million subscribers, making it the fifth most subscribed YouTube channel in the world and the most subscribed",
"title": "Germán Garmendia"
},
{
"id": "18247960",
"text": "Caspar Lee Caspar Richard George Lee (born 24 April 1994) is a British-South African YouTube personality, vlogger, actor and entrepreneur. Lee started his YouTube channel 'dicasp' in 2011, and later renamed it to simply 'Caspar'. , Lee's main YouTube channel has over 7.5 million subscribers and over 850 million video views, and is the 243rd most subscribed channel on the website; his second channel \"morecaspar\" has nearly 2 million subscribers and over 116 million video views. Lee was part of the 'YouTube Boyband' that raised money in 2014 for Comic Relief and was featured in \"The Guardian\". He was named",
"title": "Caspar Lee"
},
{
"id": "16829924",
"text": "month, PewDiePie proclaimed his dislike of YouTube's new comment system and disabled the comment section on all of his videos. On 23 December 2013, PewDiePie overtook the YouTube Spotlight channel to once again become the most-subscribed on YouTube. Throughout 2012 and 2013, PewDiePie's channel was one of the fastest growing on YouTube, in terms of subscribers gained. In 2013, the PewDiePie channel went from 3.5 million to just under 19 million subscribers, and by the end of 2013, it was gaining a new subscriber every 1.037 seconds. \"Billboard\" reported that the PewDiePie channel gained more subscribers than any other channel",
"title": "PewDiePie"
},
{
"id": "19432911",
"text": "year. On October 15, 2016, \"One Dance\" became the most played song ever on streaming media service Spotify, with over one billion individual streams, overtaking the previous record held by Major Lazer and DJ Snake's \"Lean On\". Ed Sheeran's \"Shape of You\" overtook \"One Dance\" as the most streamed song on Spotify on September 21, 2017. \"One Dance\" was the best-performing single worldwide of 2016 and is one of the best-selling singles of all-time. In early 2016, UK funky artist Kyla was first contacted by Drake's production team regarding the use of her 2008 song \"Do You Mind (Crazy Cousinz",
"title": "One Dance"
},
{
"id": "13466884",
"text": "Ryan Higa Ryan Higa (born June 6, 1990), also known by his YouTube username nigahiga (), is an American comedian, YouTuber, and actor. He is known for his comedy videos on YouTube, which have been viewed over 3 billion times. Higa's YouTube channel, nigahiga, was the most subscribed channel on YouTube for 677 consecutive days from 2009–2011, the second longest span of time behind PewDiePie. He was also the most subscribed for 12 days in 2008. , he has over 21 million subscribers, making his channel the 40th most subscribed on YouTube. Higa is of Japanese descent, specifically from Okinawa.",
"title": "Ryan Higa"
},
{
"id": "11148987",
"text": "all three major US television networks combined\". In May 2011, YouTube reported on the company blog that the site was receiving more than three billion views per day. In January 2012, YouTube stated that the figure had increased to four billion videos streamed per day. According to May 2010 data published by market research company comScore, YouTube was the dominant provider of online video in the United States, with a market share of roughly 43 percent and more than 14 billion videos viewed during May. In October 2010, Hurley announced that he would be stepping down as the chief executive",
"title": "History of YouTube"
},
{
"id": "16829923",
"text": "great community.\" After becoming the most-subscribed user, Ben Donovan of Maker Studios stated that PewDiePie \"is a great example of how a YouTube content creator can amass a worldwide following due to passion and creativity, and his large subscriber base showcases the loyalty and strong connection he has to his 'bros'.\" PewDiePie received a certificate from Guinness World Records for becoming the most subscribed YouTuber. On 1 November, PewDiePie became the first channel to reach 15 million subscribers; the following day, the channel was surpassed by YouTube's Spotlight account at the top of the site's subscriber rankings. In the same",
"title": "PewDiePie"
},
{
"id": "18698763",
"text": "nominated for Best Hip-Hop Video and Best Collaboration at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, but lost both. On August 27, 2016, the music video surpassed \"Gangnam Style\" as YouTube's most liked video of all time, after \"Gangnam Style\" held the record for almost 4 years. Also, on February 19, 2017, the music video succeeded \"Gangnam Style\" as the most rated YouTube video of all time with over 13.8 million total ratings. It has since been surpassed by \"Despacito\" as the most viewed, liked and rated video on YouTube. Khalifa and Puth performed \"See You Again\" live on \"The Tonight",
"title": "See You Again"
},
{
"id": "17791486",
"text": "Dude Perfect Dude Perfect is an American sports entertainment group from Texas which routinely upload videos to YouTube. The group consists of twins Coby and Cory Cotton, Garrett Hilbert, Cody Jones, and Tyler Toney, which all of whom are former high school basketball players and college roommates at Texas A&M University. The members of the group hold several Guinness World Records. Their YouTube videos have garnered over 6.8 billion total views and their flagship channel, \"Dude Perfect,\" has over 37 million subscribers . The channel is the 7th most subscribed channel overall, the most subscribed channel in the United States,",
"title": "Dude Perfect"
},
{
"id": "6756858",
"text": "from its ads program was estimated at $3.7 billion. In 2013 it nearly doubled and estimated to hit $5.6 billion according to eMarketer, while others estimated $4.7 billion. The vast majority of videos on YouTube are free to view and supported by advertising. In May 2013, YouTube introduced a trial scheme of 53 subscription channels with prices ranging from $0.99 to $6.99 a month. The move was seen as an attempt to compete with other providers of online subscription services such as Netflix and Hulu. In 2017, viewers on average watch YouTube on mobile devices for more than an hour",
"title": "YouTube"
},
{
"id": "6756841",
"text": "over-the-top MVPD-style subscription service that would be available for United States customers at a price of US$35 per month. Initially launching in five major markets (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia and San Francisco) on April 5, 2017, the service offers live streams of programming from the five major broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, The CW, Fox and NBC), as well as approximately 40 cable channels owned by the corporate parents of those networks, The Walt Disney Company, CBS Corporation, 21st Century Fox, NBCUniversal and Turner Broadcasting System (including among others Bravo, USA Network, Syfy, Disney Channel, CNN, Cartoon Network,",
"title": "YouTube"
},
{
"id": "16270892",
"text": "2018, it announced an exclusive ad sales representation partnership with Bell Media in Canada. WatchMojo is represented by LA-based ICM Partners. WatchMojo.com WatchMojo.com is a Canadian-based privately held video producer, publisher, and syndicator. With over 12 billion all-time video views and more than 19 million subscribers (making it the 27th most-viewed channel), WatchMojo has one of the largest channels on YouTube. 60% of its viewers and subscribers are male, and 92% are from the United States. Including its international editions like WatchMojo Espanol and vertical channels like MsMojo, it has over 30 million subscribers. Its cumulative global reach on YouTube",
"title": "WatchMojo.com"
},
{
"id": "20298540",
"text": "also an official Insomniac sponsor at the event, alongside Sunglass Hut, Uber, Smirnoff, and Corona. In 2015, Trap Nation was included in YouTube's top 10 preferred Google / YouTube music partners. Trap Nation is also in the top 1% of Google's preferred electronic-dance music channels. In June 2017, Trap Nation was the 44th most subscribed channel on YouTube and had accumulated more than 5 billion total views. Trap Nation was also ranked by Billboard as the #1 dance curator on YouTube alongside Monstercat, MrSuicideSheep, Proximity, and Majestic Casual. Trap Nation Trap Nation is an American YouTube music promotion channel based",
"title": "Trap Nation"
},
{
"id": "18692284",
"text": "broadcasts live contents related to games like a live TV sports broadcast. It has 100 million viewers, 1.7 million broadcasting stations and 12,000 broadcasting partners worldwide, and was acquired by Amazon in 2014. Twitch added a new “Social Eating” (Social Eating) item to its channel list in July 2016. Famous streamers include ImAllexx, Ameliabrador, and Simple Life on Air. YouTube was founded on February 14, 2005 by former PayPal employees Chad Hurley, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim on Valentine’s Day. Currently, YouTube is the largest video platform online. YouTube was acquired by Google in October 2006 for a ransom of",
"title": "Mukbang"
},
{
"id": "15918990",
"text": "Jenna Marbles Jenna Nicole Mourey (born September 15, 1986), better known by her pseudonym Jenna Marbles, is an American YouTube personality, vlogger, comedian and actress. As of March 2018, her channel has over 2.6 billion video views and 18 million subscribers, making it the 44th most subscribed channel on YouTube and the eighth most popular channel operated by a woman. Marbles is the first social media star to have a wax figure displayed in Madame Tussauds Museum, located in New York City. Marbles was born and raised in Rochester, New York, where she graduated from Brighton High School in 2004.",
"title": "Jenna Marbles"
},
{
"id": "18229015",
"text": "2017) and over 379 million video views, and is the 336th most subscribed channel on YouTube; his second channel \"Just Marcus\" has over 2 million subscribers (2,022,063 as of 25 February 2017) and over 260 million video views. Butler was mentioned by \"The Telegraph\" as one of \"Britain's most influential Tweeters\" in 2013. , Butler has over 3 million followers on Twitter and over 3.6 million on Instagram. Alongside fellow YouTubers Joe Sugg and Alfie Deyes, Butler starred in an episode of the British television show Release the Hounds. Their episode aired on 2 March 2017. He also starred in",
"title": "Marcus Butler"
},
{
"id": "16829922",
"text": "Show. In July 2013, he overtook Jenna Marbles to become the second most-subscribed YouTube user, and reached 10 million subscribers on 9 July 2013. In August, PewDiePie signed with Maker's gaming sub-network, Polaris. Polaris functioned as a relaunching of The Game Station, Maker's gaming network. PewDiePie's subscriber count surpassed that of the leading channel, Smosh, on 15 August 2013. On becoming the most-subscribed YouTube user, PewDiePie commented, \"When I started my YouTube channel in 2010, I never imagined that one day it would be the most-subscribed channel in the world and that I would be a part of such a",
"title": "PewDiePie"
},
{
"id": "13503255",
"text": "released on May 19, 2010, and his third album, \"Forever and Ever\" was released on October 25, 2011. As of August 14th, 2017, David Choi's YouTube Channel had 989,981 subscribers, 117,774,875 total video views, and more than 13 million channel views. As of November 2011, he was YouTube's 15th-most-subscribed musician and 62nd-most-subscribed user overall. As of February 3, 2015, he has 138,238 followers on Twitter account. David previously worked as a songwriter and producer at Warner/Chappell Music, which signed him on after his participation in an American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) workshop. His humorous song \"YouTube, A",
"title": "David Choi"
},
{
"id": "18139098",
"text": "four Streamy Awards, two Teen Choice Awards and a People's Choice Award. In 2016, Singh released her first feature film, titled \"A Trip to Unicorn Island\". She reached 14 million YouTube subscribers in August 2018, and her channel is currently in the top 100 most subscribed on YouTube. As of August 2018, she has over 7.8 million followers on Instagram. In March 2017, she released her first book, \"How to be a Bawse: A Guide to Conquering Life\", which became a #1 New York Times best-seller. Lilly Singh was born and raised in Scarborough, Ontario. Her parents, Malwinder and Sukhwinder",
"title": "Lilly Singh"
},
{
"id": "18652438",
"text": "and at number two on the UK Singles Chart. It reached number one in several other countries including Australia, Ireland, the Netherlands, Mexico, New Zealand, Finland, Denmark and Switzerland. In November 2015, \"Lean On\" was named by Spotify as the most streamed song of all time, and has over 1 billion streams globally as of June 2017; however, it was later overtaken by Drake's \"One Dance\" (2016). The accompanying music video for \"Lean On\" was filmed in ND Studios, Karjat (India), Kaul Heritage City, Vasai in Maharashtra (India). The video premiered on March 23, 2015 and has over 2.4 billion",
"title": "Lean On"
},
{
"id": "13112785",
"text": "including T-Series, Bhakti Sagar, Apna Punjab, T-Series Regional, Lahari Music, and T-Series Telugu. T-Series' 29 channels have accumulated a total of more than 10 crore (100 million) YouTube subscribers as of November 2018, and 6,150 crore 61.5 billion views as of August 2018. During JanuaryJuly 2018, T-Series earned an income of from YouTube. The most popular T-Series artist on YouTube is Guru Randhawa, whose 2017 song \"Lahore\" has crossed 70 crore (700 million) views on YouTube. What has caused T-Series' growth in viewership and subscriptions has been attributed to India's emerging online population. Due to India's online population growing to",
"title": "T-Series (company)"
},
{
"id": "18247964",
"text": "before moving to a shared apartment in London with fellow YouTuber Joe Sugg until 2016, when he relocated to a shared apartment with Josh Pieters, also a YouTuber. Lee was nominated for the 2015 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards for the \"UK's Favourite Vlogger\". Caspar Lee Caspar Richard George Lee (born 24 April 1994) is a British-South African YouTube personality, vlogger, actor and entrepreneur. Lee started his YouTube channel 'dicasp' in 2011, and later renamed it to simply 'Caspar'. , Lee's main YouTube channel has over 7.5 million subscribers and over 850 million video views, and is the 243rd most subscribed",
"title": "Caspar Lee"
},
{
"id": "20609340",
"text": "and \"The Monster\" featuring Rihanna. \"The Monster\" became Eminem's fifth No.1 single on the Hot 100, tying him with rappers Ludacris and P. Diddy for rappers with the most No.1 singles in the USA. In May 2014, Eminem was announced as the most streamed artist of all time on Spotify. As of November 2010, Eminem has four songs that have sold over three million downloads in the United States. Eminem has sold more than 42 million track downloads in the United States alone. Eminem singles discography American rapper Eminem has released fifty-one singles as a lead artist and five promotional",
"title": "Eminem singles discography"
},
{
"id": "12672624",
"text": "December 2016, Drake's just-under 26 million monthly listeners were overtaken by the Weeknd's 36.068 million. Later that month, Drake's song \"One Dance\" became the first song to hit one billion streams on Spotify. Upon its release in August 2017, the single \"Look What You Made Me Do\" by Taylor Swift earned over eight million streams within 24 hours, breaking the record for the most single-day streams for a track. On June 19, 2018, XXXTentacion's hit single \"Sad!\" broke Swift's single-day streaming record, amassing 10.4 million streams the day after he was fatally shot in Florida. In March 2011, Spotify announced",
"title": "Spotify"
},
{
"id": "16886382",
"text": "has gained over 1.7 million views. On September 9, 2017, Maron released a Minecraft music video for the song “We Are The Night” by Madison Mars, featuring vocalist Sanjana Ghosh. The upload has received over 600,000 views. Jordan Maron Jordan Maron (born February 10, 1992), better known through his online nickname CaptainSparklez, is an American YouTube personality. His main channel is currently the 319th most subscribed channel on YouTube with over 10 million subscribers as of October 2, 2018. Maron was born in Los Angeles, California, United States. When he was 4 years old, he and his mother moved to",
"title": "Jordan Maron"
},
{
"id": "11148991",
"text": "of the U.S. presidential debate and partnered with ABC News to do so. On , The YouTube slogan (Broadcast Yourself) was taken down due to the live stream of the U.S. presidential debate. YouTube relaunched its design and layout on December 4, 2012 to be very similar to the mobile and tablet app version of the site. On December 21, 2012, Gangnam Style became the first YouTube video to surpass one billion views. In March 2013, the number of unique users visiting YouTube every month reached 1 billion. In the same year, YouTube continued to reach out to mainstream media,",
"title": "History of YouTube"
},
{
"id": "6756798",
"text": "YouTube YouTube, LLC is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. Three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—created the service in February 2005. Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. YouTube allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report, comment on videos, and subscribe to other users. It offers a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos. Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers, live streams, and other content",
"title": "YouTube"
},
{
"id": "20561946",
"text": "top of the list in terms of the most globally streamed video services online. In 2016, Netflix represented 32.72% of all video streaming IP traffic, while YouTube represented 17.31%. The third spot is taken up by Amazon Prime Video where global data usage comes in at 4.14%. Currently, Netflix is the largest video streaming service in the world, accessible in over 200 countries and with more than 80 million subscribers. Streaming high definition video content through Netflix uses roughly 3 GB of data per hour, while standard definition takes up around 1 GB of data per hour. In North America,",
"title": "Zettabyte Era"
},
{
"id": "16052465",
"text": "Epic Records dropped the group after \"The Sing-Off\", the group formed its YouTube channel, distributing its music through Madison Gate Records, a label owned by Sony Pictures. With over 16 million subscribers and 3.6 billion views, Pentatonix's YouTube channel is currently the 50th most-subscribed-to YouTube channel. The group's video tribute to Daft Punk had received over 250 million views as of mid-2017. Their debut EP \"PTX, Volume 1\" was released in 2012, followed by their holiday release \"PTXmas\" the same year, with Pentatonix's third release, \"PTX, Vol. II\", debuting at number 1 on \"Billboard\"s Independent Albums chart and number 10",
"title": "Pentatonix"
},
{
"id": "14012989",
"text": "Bit My Finger\" was the thirteenth most viewed viral video on the Internet. In 2011, it was surpassed by music videos Justin Bieber's \"Baby\", Lady Gaga's \"Bad Romance\", Eminem feat. Rihanna's \"Love the Way You Lie\", Shakira's \"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)\" and Jennifer Lopez feat. Pitbull's \"On The Floor\", becoming the 6th most viewed video on YouTube. Despite being able to regain its position to number 3 (and becoming the third YouTube video to reach 800 million views), it has been since surpassed by many other videos, dropping out of 100 most viewed YouTube videos. As of August",
"title": "Charlie Bit My Finger"
},
{
"id": "16829900",
"text": "the dismay of his parents. After failing to earn an apprenticeship with an advertising agency in Scandinavia, he then decided to focus on creating content for his YouTube channel. In order to fund his videos, PewDiePie began selling prints of his Photoshop art projects and worked at a hot dog stand. PewDiePie soon gathered a rapidly increasing online following, and in July 2012, his channel surpassed one million subscribers. On 15 August 2013, PewDiePie became the most-subscribed user on YouTube, being briefly surpassed in late 2013 by YouTube Spotlight. After regaining the top position on 23 December 2013 the channel",
"title": "PewDiePie"
},
{
"id": "8326329",
"text": "example, the hours of video watched per month on YouTube totaled 6 billion. As of 2014, there were one billion unique users to YouTube each month. According to Nielsen, YouTube reaches more U.S. adults aged 18–34 years old than any cable network. Aside from YouTube, there are several other internet video platforms, which despite being less popular, are still used by many. Vimeo is a key example of this. Vimeo has over thirty million registered members and has a global reach of over 170 million each month. Their mission statement is to “empower and inspire people around the world to",
"title": "Internet video"
},
{
"id": "14058637",
"text": "Business Association for excellence during her debut year. At the Bambi Awards, she received the award for Best Newcomer. She also received two of twelve IHeartRadio Music Awards, including the 2014 Young Influencer Award and the \"Billboard\" Women in Music Award: Rising Star for her accomplishments in 2014. She has won ten Teen Choice Awards. In 2018, \"Billboard\" named her Woman of the Year. Grande has a large following on social media. By July 2018, her YouTube channel had accrued more than 25 million subscribers and ranked as the 22nd most subscribed channel, her music videos had been viewed a",
"title": "Ariana Grande"
},
{
"id": "2495727",
"text": "100. This was expanded to a broader Streaming Songs chart in January 2013, which ranks web radio streams from services such as Spotify, as well as on-demand audio titles. In February 2013, U.S. views for a song on YouTube were added to the Hot 100 formula. \"Harlem Shake\" was the first song to reach number one after the changes were made. The Hot 100 formula starting 2013 generally incorporates sales (35–45%), airplay (30–40%) and streaming (20–30%), and the precise percentage can change from week to week. A growing trend in the early first decade of the 21st century was to",
"title": "Billboard Hot 100"
},
{
"id": "14378345",
"text": "Television Arts and Sciences at a ceremony held on January 21, 2010. Some time between March 18 and April 23, 2015, Alloy deleted her channel. Karen Alloy Karen Schindler Alloy (born August 3, 1977) is an American comedian and Regional Emmy Award-winning entertainer, best known for her work on YouTube under the name spricket24. As of February 2012, Alloy's videos have received over 65 million views and have over 234,000 subscribers, and the spricket24 channel is ranked among YouTube's top 50 in several categories, and is among the top 100 most subscribed channels all-time on BlogTV. She has lived in",
"title": "Karen Alloy"
},
{
"id": "18288065",
"text": "22. As of November 2018, the channel has earned over 27 million subscribers and 1.4 billion video views. The channel is ranked as the 26th most subscribed channel. Since 2010, YouTube has released an annual \"YouTube Rewind\" video through its \"Spotlight\" channel. All YouTube Rewind videos from 2012—2018 have surpassed 100 million views, while the 2016 edition surpassed 200 million views. The 2010 and 2011 videos, however, have less than 10 million views each. The 2016 video became YouTube's fastest video to reach 100 million views, doing so in just 3.2 days. It is also the eighth most liked non-music",
"title": "YouTube Spotlight"
},
{
"id": "17374559",
"text": "Trailers called Honest Game Trailers. The YouTube channel achieved 1 million subscribers within three months of launching. It has gained more than 350 million video views. Clevver Media was founded in 2006 by Michael Palmer and Jorge Maldonado and acquired by Alloy Digital in June 2012. The millennial target platform operates five entertainment and celebrity-focused YouTube channels, including ClevverTV, ClevverMusic, ClevverNews, ClevverStyle and ClevverTeVe. Clevver Media ranks in the top 10 YouTube networks, according to ComScore. Joslyn Davis serves as the executive producer. Hosts/producers have included Deidre Behar, Tatiana Carrier, among others. The Clevver brand is the second-largest YouTube channel",
"title": "Defy Media"
},
{
"id": "16829901",
"text": "has now amassed over 77 million subscribers . From 29 December 2014 to 14 February 2017, PewDiePie's channel held the distinction of being the most-viewed YouTube channel, and as of November 2018, the channel has received over 19 billion video views. PewDiePie's most noted YouTube content includes his Let's Play-styled video game commentaries, particularly of the horror genre. Many of his early videos consisted of him expressively reacting to the frightening elements of horror games, although he shortly broke his focus away from horror and played games of varying genres. While maintaining a focus on video game commentaries, PewDiePie began",
"title": "PewDiePie"
},
{
"id": "14378343",
"text": "Karen Alloy Karen Schindler Alloy (born August 3, 1977) is an American comedian and Regional Emmy Award-winning entertainer, best known for her work on YouTube under the name spricket24. As of February 2012, Alloy's videos have received over 65 million views and have over 234,000 subscribers, and the spricket24 channel is ranked among YouTube's top 50 in several categories, and is among the top 100 most subscribed channels all-time on BlogTV. She has lived in Minnesota, but now resides near Chicago. In July 2009, Alloy went into labor and gave her fans live updates during her delivery. It was declared",
"title": "Karen Alloy"
},
{
"id": "8010939",
"text": "dominated by Bollywood soundtracks, which account for nearly 80% of the country's music revenue. The industry was dominated by cassette tapes in the 1980s and 1990s, before transitioning to online streaming in the 2000s (bypassing CD and digital downloads). As of 2017, the largest Bollywood music record labels are T-Series (which has the world's most-viewed channel on YouTube), Zee Music, and Sony Music India (the largest foreign-owned label, owned by Sony Corporation). Hindi film songs are present in Hindi cinema right from the first sound film \"Alam Ara\" (1931) by Ardeshir Irani which featured seven songs. This was closely followed",
"title": "Music of Bollywood"
},
{
"id": "18288064",
"text": "YouTube Spotlight YouTube Spotlight is YouTube's official video channel for spotlighting videos and events on YouTube. Events shown on the channel include YouTube Comedy Week and the YouTube Music Awards. Additionally, the channel uploads annual installments of \"YouTube Rewind\". On November 2, 2013, the YouTube Spotlight channel briefly surpassed PewDiePie's channel, to become the most subscribed channel on the website. The channel ascended to the top position through autosuggesting and pre-selecting itself as a subscription option upon new user registration for YouTube. Throughout December 2013, the channel and PewDiePie struggled for the top position, until PewDiePie secured it on December",
"title": "YouTube Spotlight"
},
{
"id": "20125019",
"text": "turned to full-time acting and hosting work. In 2017, Koshy became \"the fastest YouTube personality to reach 10 million subscribers\". As of December 2018, her main YouTube channel had over 16 million subscribers and more than 1.9 billion views. Videos on her main channel average nearly 10 million views. Her second YouTube channel had more than 7 million subscribers, and her two channels had a combined total of more than 2.3 billion views. She also had more than 17 million followers on Instagram, more than 11 million on TikTok (formerly Musical.ly), more than 2.9 million on Facebook and more than",
"title": "Liza Koshy"
},
{
"id": "20262257",
"text": "year, Heard Well produced an album by Anthony Quintal (a.k.a. Lohanthony) entitled \"Landscapes.\" In June 2016 Heard Well signed author, activist and podcast host Tyler Oakley to create a 13-track compilation album called \"Pride Jams\", which celebrated LGBT Pride month. As of August 2016 each album released by Heard Well charted in the Billboard Top 200, and sold thousands of copies. By May 2017, Heard Well had signed twelve of YouTube's most subscribed to personalities, with an average following of 3.8 million people. Signees include JC Caylen, Tyler Oakley, Amanda Steele, Tom Cassell and others. In April 2017, Heard Well",
"title": "Heard Well"
},
{
"id": "150024",
"text": "Some of the noted people from Gothenburg are Academy Award Winning actress Alicia Vikander, cookbook author Sofia von Porat, footballer Gunnar Gren, artist Evert Taube, golfer Helen Alfredsson, industrialist Victor Hasselblad, singer-songwriter Björn Ulvaeus, diplomat Jan Eliasson, British Open Winner and professional golfer Henrik Stenson, and YouTuber PewDiePie, who is the most subscribed user on YouTube. The Gothenburg Award is the city's international prize that recognises and supports work to achieve sustainable development – in the Gothenburg region and from a global perspective. The award, which is one million Swedish crowns, is administrated and funded by a coalition of the",
"title": "Gothenburg"
},
{
"id": "14208550",
"text": "in which Bieber chases after a girl. As of May 2013, the song has sold 3.9 million digital downloads in the United States. The official music video is the 29th most-viewed video on YouTube and, as of December 2018, the second-most disliked YouTube video. It had been the most-viewed from July 12, 2010, when it surpassed the music video for \"Bad Romance\" by Lady Gaga, until November 24, 2012, when it was surpassed by the music video for \"Gangnam Style\" by Psy. Bieber performed the song several times, including \"Saturday Night Live\", and the ninth season of \"American Idol\". Bieber",
"title": "Baby (Justin Bieber song)"
},
{
"id": "13112784",
"text": "10, 2018. It is also the second channel ever to hit 7 crore (70 million) subscribers. Beyond this, the channel earns an average of nearly 150,000 subscribers a day. Socialblade, a website which tracks YouTube channel statistics, predicted that T-Series would surpass PewDiePie's subscriber count by October 2018.Despite Socialblade's predictions, PewDiePie's subscriber count is still currently ahead of T-Series's. The T-Series channel also owns a multi-channel network, with 29 channels, which include YouTube channels such as T-Series Tamil, T-Series Telugu, and Bollywood Classics. On top of this, six of their channels are among the top 100 most-subscribed channels in India,",
"title": "T-Series (company)"
},
{
"id": "11148980",
"text": "which had experienced significant growth in its first few months. During the summer of 2006, YouTube was one of the fastest growing sites on the World Wide Web, hosting more than 65,000 new video uploads. The site delivered an average of 100 million video views per day in July. It was ranked the fifth-most-popular website on Alexa, far out-pacing even MySpace's rate of growth. The website averaged nearly 20 million visitors per month according to Nielsen/NetRatings, with around 44% female and 56% male visitors. The 12- to 17-year-old age group was dominant. YouTube's pre-eminence in the online market was substantial.",
"title": "History of YouTube"
},
{
"id": "16630545",
"text": "Rap Battles of History\", which averages 30 million views an episode. Maker's most successful channel was PewDiePie, the most subscribed user on YouTube, who signed under the Maker sub-network Polaris and later RevelMode until February 13, 2017, when Maker dropped him as a result of jokes that were perceived to be anti-semitic. On March 24, 2014, Maker Studios, Inc. agreed to sell itself to The Walt Disney Company for $500 million, rising to $950 million if financial milestones were met. On April 14, 2014, Relativity Media submitted a competing bid of up to $1.1 billion, but Maker denied the bid.",
"title": "Disney Digital Network"
},
{
"id": "6756822",
"text": "rollout of \"YouTube Live\", with a portal page at the URL \"www.youtube.com/live\". The creation of live streams was initially limited to select partners. It was used for real-time broadcasting of events such as the 2012 Olympics in London. In October 2012, more than 8 million people watched Felix Baumgartner's jump from the edge of space as a live stream on YouTube. In May 2013, creation of live streams was opened to verified users with at least 1,000 subscribers; in August of that year the number was reduced to 100 subscribers, and in December the limit was removed. In February 2017,",
"title": "YouTube"
},
{
"id": "19980210",
"text": "with the music video for his song \"Sorry\" to become the fastest video on the site to reach the milestone. The video became the first on YouTube to receive three billion, four billion, and five billion views on August 4, 2017; October 11, 2017; and April 5, 2018, respectively \"(dates are based on UTC)\". It has received over 5.8 billion views as of December 18, 2018 and has been the most viewed video on the site since August 4, 2017, when it surpassed the music video for \"See You Again\" by Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth. It is also the",
"title": "Despacito"
},
{
"id": "15918996",
"text": "as guests on their podcast including Shane Dawson amongst others. Jenna Marbles Jenna Nicole Mourey (born September 15, 1986), better known by her pseudonym Jenna Marbles, is an American YouTube personality, vlogger, comedian and actress. As of March 2018, her channel has over 2.6 billion video views and 18 million subscribers, making it the 44th most subscribed channel on YouTube and the eighth most popular channel operated by a woman. Marbles is the first social media star to have a wax figure displayed in Madame Tussauds Museum, located in New York City. Marbles was born and raised in Rochester, New",
"title": "Jenna Marbles"
},
{
"id": "18652445",
"text": "spent 12 non-consecutive weeks in the top-10, becoming one of the few songs during 2015 to spend more than 10 weeks in the top 10 (even above several number-one singles). Elsewhere, in Australia, Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand, and Norway, \"Lean On\" reached number one. Additionally, the single reached number 3 on the Canadian Hot 100. In November 2015, \"Lean On\" was announced to have overtaken \"Thinking Out Loud\" by Ed Sheeran as the most streamed song of all time on Spotify, with 526 million streams globally. It currently has over 1 billion streams on the site, making it",
"title": "Lean On"
},
{
"id": "20702601",
"text": "PewDiePie, had earned $12 million in 2014, more than some popular actors such as Cameron Diaz or Gwyneth Paltrow. In August 2018, Walmart, Nordstrom, and others also seek YouTube stars for the ambassadorship. On average the YouTuber earns $7.60 USD per 1000 views or $2000 USD every million views from their videos being monetised from ads. YouTubers can also earn more when companies sponsor them, most popular ones being Seat Geek, Dollar Shave Club and Best Fiends. At the end of every year since 2010, YouTube releases a YouTube Rewind video featuring the most popular YouTubers for the given year.",
"title": "YouTuber"
},
{
"id": "19980155",
"text": "top the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 since \"Macarena\" (Bayside Boys Mix) in 1996, subsequently tying the longest-reigning number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with 16 weeks, as well as becoming the longest-reigning number one on the Hot Latin Songs chart with 56 weeks. It also became the first Latin song to receive a diamond certification by the Recording Industry Association of America. In August 2017, the official music video for \"Despacito\" became the most-viewed YouTube video of all-time after receiving its three billionth view. It became the first video on the site to reach the milestones of three, four, and",
"title": "Despacito"
},
{
"id": "13466893",
"text": "DJ Elephant Head, a master plotter who uses his hypnotizing electronic music to make people fall asleep to commit robberies. He appeared in the 2016 horror film \"Tell Me How I Die\". Ryan Higa Ryan Higa (born June 6, 1990), also known by his YouTube username nigahiga (), is an American comedian, YouTuber, and actor. He is known for his comedy videos on YouTube, which have been viewed over 3 billion times. Higa's YouTube channel, nigahiga, was the most subscribed channel on YouTube for 677 consecutive days from 2009–2011, the second longest span of time behind PewDiePie. He was also",
"title": "Ryan Higa"
},
{
"id": "10774802",
"text": "is now available all across the United Arab Emirates, but with the Etisalat ISP in the UAE citing \"presence of adult content on the website which is clearly against the religious, cultural, political and moral values of the UAE\". Has been heavily censored for an unknown reason since October 15 2018. Censorship of YouTube Video-sharing platform YouTube is the second-most popular website as of 2017, according to Alexa Internet. According to the company's press page, YouTube has more than one billion users and each day those users watch more than one billion hours of video. Censorship of it has occurred",
"title": "Censorship of YouTube"
},
{
"id": "13456877",
"text": "Rihanna and then Nicki Minaj, who both turned it down; however Major Lazer later expressed that no one could have done a better job than MØ in the recording. The song reached number 4 on the US Billboard's Hot 100 chart and number 2 in the UK charts. It also became Spotify's most streamed song of all time, receiving universally positive reviews while reaching over 2 billion views on YouTube, making it the twelfth most viewed video on the site. Four promotional singles were released; \"Roll the Bass\" on March 23, 2015, \"Night Riders\", a collaboration with Travi$ Scott, 2",
"title": "Major Lazer"
},
{
"id": "19453465",
"text": "Airplay, and the \"Billboard\" Latin Songs chart in the United States, where it spent 41 consecutive weeks at the top and won the Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year. In 2015, \"Lean On\" by American electronic duo Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ peaked at number-one on the chart and was named by Spotify as the most streamed song of all time, with 526 million streams globally. By 2018, Scottish DJ Calvin Harris is the performer with the most number-one singles on the Mexico Airplay chart, with eight chart toppers. Mexico Airplay Mexico Airplay is a record",
"title": "Mexico Airplay"
},
{
"id": "17728121",
"text": "also appears alongside many other YouTubers on the channel Daily Mix, which is managed by Gleam. Throughout her time on YouTube, Sugg has collaborated with other YouTubers, including: Louise Pentland, Tanya Burr, Alfie Deyes, Tyler Oakley, Miranda Sings, Troye Sivan, Grace Helbig, and many others. Sugg is influential through social media, being mentioned by \"The Telegraph\" as one of \"Britain's most influential Tweeters\" in 2013. , Sugg's main YouTube channel has over 12 million subscribers and over 1 billion video views, and is the 147th most subscribed channel on the website; her second channel \"MoreZoella\" has over 4.8 million subscribers",
"title": "Zoella"
},
{
"id": "20169117",
"text": "that monitors and analyzes the digital audiovisual market, determined Whindersson was the second most influential YouTuber in the world, behind only Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg, popularly known as PewDiePie. In addition, a survey released by Google, made in partnership by Provokers and Meio & Mensagem consultants, revealed that Whindersson is the second most influential Brazilian personality among 14-17 year olds in Brazil, behind only Luciano Huck. Whindersson Nunes Whindersson Nunes Batista (born January 5, 1995) is a Brazilian comedian, singer, and YouTuber known for his comedy videos since 2013. In October 2016, his YouTube channel \"whinderssonnunes\" became the most subscribed",
"title": "Whindersson Nunes"
},
{
"id": "6756862",
"text": "paid subscription. On January 16, 2018, the eligibility requirement for monetization was changed to 4,000 hours of watchtime within the past 12 months and 1,000 subscribers. The move was seen as an attempt to ensure that videos being monetized did not lead to controversy, but was criticized for penalizing smaller YouTube channels. YouTube Play Buttons, a part of the YouTube Creator Rewards, are a recognition by YouTube of its most popular channels. The trophies made of nickel plated copper-nickel alloy, golden plated brass, silver plated metal and ruby are given to channels with at least one hundred thousand, a million,",
"title": "YouTube"
},
{
"id": "20702598",
"text": "ad-revenue-sharing arrangement that allowed for YouTubers to make money off the videos they uploaded to YouTube. By October 2015, there were more than 17,000 YouTube channels with more than 100,000 subscribers, and nearly 1,500 with more than a million. According to multiple studies, YouTubers have become an important source of information and entertainment for the millennial-generation. Influential YouTubers are frequently described as microcelebrities. Since YouTube is widely conceived as a bottom-up social media video platform, microcelebrities do not appear to be involved with the established and commercial system of celebrity culture but rather appear self-governed and independent. This appearance in",
"title": "YouTuber"
},
{
"id": "6756808",
"text": "the interface and increasing the time users spend on the site. Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented: \"We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter.\" In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two billion times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012. In February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day. In October 2010, Hurley announced that he would be stepping down as chief executive officer of YouTube to take an advisory role, and that Salar Kamangar would take over as",
"title": "YouTube"
},
{
"id": "17503288",
"text": "Chestnut, eating 53 hot dogs to Chestnut's 70. On July 4, 2017, Stonie came in third, eating 48 hot dogs, behind Carmen Cincotti's 60 and Chestnut's 72. Stonie uploaded his first YouTube video on August 27, 2012, in which he drinks a gallon of Gatorade in 37 seconds. His most popular videos have been noticed by well known celebrities such as Bam Margera, Waka Flocka Flame, and Cheech & Chong, who have featured the videos on their websites. As of September 2018, he has over 6 million subscribers on his YouTube channel. On September 24, 2015, Stonie uploaded a video",
"title": "Matt Stonie"
},
{
"id": "7400471",
"text": "100 Greatest Artists of All Time lists. In 2010, MTV Portugal ranked Eminem the seventh-biggest icon in pop-music history. He was the bestselling artist from 2000 to 2009 in the US according to Nielsen SoundScan, and has sold 47.4 million albums in the country. With global sales of 220 million records, he is one of the world's best-selling artists of all time. Eminem has over ten billion views of his music videos on his YouTube Vevo page. In 2010, Eminem's music generated 94 million streams (more than any other musical artist), and in May 2014 Spotify called him the most-streamed",
"title": "Eminem"
},
{
"id": "17139240",
"text": "Streaming Songs The Streaming Songs chart is released weekly by \"Billboard\" magazine and lists each week's top streamed radio songs, on-demand songs and videos on leading online music services in the United States. The chart represents one of the three components, along with airplay (Hot 100 Airplay) and sales (Hot Digital Songs and Hot Singles Sales), that determine the chart positions of songs on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, which ranks the most popular songs in the United States. \"Billboard\" editorial director Bill Werde said that \"Harlem Shake\"'s success prompted them to enact the chart policy after two years of discussions",
"title": "Streaming Songs"
},
{
"id": "15462206",
"text": "Ray William Johnson Ray William Johnson (born August 14, 1981) is an American actor, comedian, film producer, film director, screenwriter, and rapper, who is known for his YouTube channel, Ray William Johnson, and his web series on that channel, \"Equals Three\". As of 2017, the channel had earned more than three billion views and 10.4 million subscribers, making it one of the most viewed channels on YouTube at the time. Johnson left the series in March 2014, but continues to produce it and other web series like \"Booze Lightyear\", \"Comedians On\", and \"Top 6\", the first two of which were",
"title": "Ray William Johnson"
},
{
"id": "4200266",
"text": "site to reach the milestone behind Adele's \"Hello\", and becoming the most watched video in YouTube's history. Its success led Daddy Yankee to become the most listened artist worldwide on the streaming service Spotify in June 2017, being the first Latin artist to do so. Daddy Yankee has received various awards and nominations throughout his career. As of 2017, he has won 82 awards from 270 nominations since his rise to international fame in 2004. He has won 5 Latin Grammy Awards, 2 Billboard Music Awards, 14 Billboard Latin Music Awards, 2 Latin American Music Awards, 8 Lo Nuestro Awards,",
"title": "Daddy Yankee"
},
{
"id": "6756806",
"text": "a month. It is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. According to third-party web analytics providers, Alexa and SimilarWeb, YouTube is the second-most visited website in the world, ; SimilarWeb also lists YouTube as the top TV and video website globally, attracting more than 15 billion visitors per month. In October 2006, YouTube moved to a new office in San Bruno, California. The choice of the name codice_1 led to problems for a similarly named website, codice_3. The site's owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in",
"title": "YouTube"
},
{
"id": "1494330",
"text": "total of global streaming subscribers at 40.4 million (31.2 million in the United States). By the fourth quarter of 2013, Netflix reported 33.1 million United States subscribers. By September 2014, Netflix had subscribers in over 40 countries, with intentions of expanding their services in unreached countries. By October 2018, Netflix’s customer base reached 137 million worldwide, confirming its rank as by far the world’s biggest online subscription video service. Netflix has played a prominent role in independent film distribution. Through its division Red Envelope Entertainment, Netflix licensed and distributed independent films such as \"Born into Brothels\" and \"Sherrybaby\". As of",
"title": "Netflix"
},
{
"id": "6756847",
"text": "In 2014, YouTube announced that it was responsible for the creation of all viral video trends, and revealed previews of upcoming internet memes, such as \"Clocking\", \"Kissing Dad\", and \"Glub Glub Water Dance\". The next year, YouTube added a music button to the video bar that played samples from \"Sandstorm\" by Darude. In 2016, YouTube introduced an option to watch every video on the platform in 360-degree mode with Snoop Dogg. Both private individuals and large production companies have used YouTube to grow audiences. Independent content creators have built grassroots followings numbering in the thousands at very little cost or",
"title": "YouTube"
},
{
"id": "11709641",
"text": "on March 18. Awards were to be presented in seven categories: Most Creative, Most Inspirational, Best Series, Best Comedy Video, Best Music Video, Best Commentary and Most Adorable. Ten videos were shortlisted in each category, with the shortlists having been compiled by the site's staff. Byrne explained: \"We wanted to call out some of the most popular videos and let the users choose which ones deserve some additional recognition.\" YouTube users were invited to vote by visiting a dedicated webpage, which went live the following day, March 19. Users voted by ranking the ten videos in each category in order",
"title": "YouTube Awards"
},
{
"id": "19345311",
"text": "El Rubius Rubén Doblas Gundersen (; born on 13 February 1990), better known by his pseudonym El Rubius or elrubiusOMG (), is a Spanish YouTube personality whose channel primarily consists of gameplays and vlogs. His channel currently has over 6.5 billion views and 30 million subscribers, making it the 12th most subscribed on YouTube, the second most subscribed channel in the Spanish language, and the most subscribed YouTube channel in Spain. A tweet from Rubius's official Twitter account was the most retweeted tweet in the world for the year 2016. The tweet was retweeted more than 1.3 million times. Doblas",
"title": "El Rubius"
},
{
"id": "12374243",
"text": "video describing how he broke his shin. Quarterlife, which had been picked up by NBC, had received only 100,000 views on MySpace and 50,000 views on YouTube. By May 29, 2008, Wu had become one of three East Asians under the age of 21 to be in the top five of YouTube's all-time most subscribed users with 187,000 subscribers and more than 5.9 million views. By June 5, 2008, he had become the number one subscribed comedian on YouTube, and third most subscribed uploader overall. Wu's videos have received replies from Ella Koon, Jessica Alba, and Baron Davis. In 2008,",
"title": "KevJumba"
},
{
"id": "18288071",
"text": "million views as of September 2014. The event's technical difficulties and its plethora of nominations for mainstream artists, rather than YouTube artists, were at the center of overall mixed critical reception. YouTube Spotlight YouTube Spotlight is YouTube's official video channel for spotlighting videos and events on YouTube. Events shown on the channel include YouTube Comedy Week and the YouTube Music Awards. Additionally, the channel uploads annual installments of \"YouTube Rewind\". On November 2, 2013, the YouTube Spotlight channel briefly surpassed PewDiePie's channel, to become the most subscribed channel on the website. The channel ascended to the top position through autosuggesting",
"title": "YouTube Spotlight"
},
{
"id": "16632413",
"text": "the #40 channel in a weekly ranking of the YouTube original channels distributed by \"Deadline Hollywood\". The ranking was called \"respectable\" for a \"new, non-franchise sitcom\". At the time of the ranking, the \"MyMusicShow\" YouTube channel had amassed 250,000 subscribers and 20 million video views. As of January 8, 2014, the channel has amassed over 478,000 subscribers and 37 million video views. In 2013, \"MyMusic\" was nominated for 10 Streamy Awards, the most of any show that year, as well as 2 IAWTV awards. MyMusic MyMusic was an American web transmedia mockumentary sitcom created by the Fine Brothers that premiered",
"title": "MyMusic"
},
{
"id": "18249534",
"text": "researchers concluded the origin of the viral spread after analyzing data in Twitter and verifying the spreading pattern through Google Trends. The video has held five records in YouTube history - most viewed video (held for 1,689 days; surpassed on July 10, 2017 by Wiz Khalifa's \"See You Again\"), most rated video (surpassed on February 19, 2017 by \"See You Again\"), most discussed video (current), most liked video (held for 1,444 days; surpassed on August 27, 2016 by \"See You Again\"), and fastest video to reach 1 billion views (surpassed on January 18, 2016 by Adele's \"Hello\") № 1 Most",
"title": "Gangnam Style (music video)"
},
{
"id": "11589331",
"text": "the year ending in June 2015, the ten highest-earning YouTube channels grossed from $2.5 million to $12 million, and that in the twelve months ending June 1, 2017 the ten highest earners grossed $127 million with the highest-earning individual channel grossing $16.5 million. Social impact of YouTube As the world's largest video hosting website, YouTube has had impact in many fields, with some individual YouTube videos having directly shaped world events. In his 2010 TED Talk on crowd-accelerated innovation, TED curator Chris Anderson preliminarily noted that human brains are \"uniquely wired\" to decode high-bandwidth video, and that unlike written text,",
"title": "Social impact of YouTube"
},
{
"id": "17625937",
"text": "Markiplier Mark Edward Fischbach (born June 28, 1989), known online as Markiplier (or simply Mark), is an American YouTuber. Originally from Honolulu, Hawaii, he began his career in Cincinnati, Ohio, and is currently based in Los Angeles, California. , his channel has over 10 billion total video views and 22 million subscribers, and is currently the 37th most-subscribed channel on YouTube. Fischbach specializes in Let's Play videos, commonly of survival horror video games. Fischbach was born at the Tripler Army Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. His father served in the military, where he met Fischbach's mother, who is of Korean",
"title": "Markiplier"
},
{
"id": "16861045",
"text": "times throughout his 12-year career, according to \"Billboard\". In July 2012, PSY released his 6th album \"Psy 6 (Six Rules), Part 1\" and the song \"Gangnam Style\" appeared in broadcasting networks and newspapers outside Asia. On August 14, \"Gangnam Style\" ranked first on YouTube's 'Most Viewed Videos' monthly chart; it has received over 2 billion on YouTube (the first to reach this mark and currently is one of the most viewed videos in YouTube's history). His single, \"Gentleman\", was released on April 12, 2013 in 119 countries. Psy discography This is the discography of the South Korean idol Psy. He",
"title": "Psy discography"
},
{
"id": "14252782",
"text": "in nature, and for having been recorded, mixed and mastered entirely by Galt Aureus. Galt Aureus' YouTube channel was amongst the top 100 subscribed channels of all time. Galt Aureus' animated music video The Armada was selected from over 23,000 entries by the Guggenheim museum curatorial staff to be among 125 videos on the YouTube Play \"shortlist\" - YouTube Play is a biennial showcase of creative online video. The Queen of Blades by Galt Aureus was the first place winner of the 2010 BlizzCon Song Contest, an annual contest put on by Blizzard Entertainment. Galt Aureus has been described as",
"title": "Galt Aureus"
},
{
"id": "16270882",
"text": "built the suggest tool to centralize voter submissions. The suggest tool has garnered 10 million votes across the 2.5 million list entries on 500,000 video ideas suggested by the 250,000 users who have signed up for the feature. On its main YouTube channel, it hit 1 million subscribers on 30 October 2013 and then 5 million subscribers on 29 August 2014. In December 2014, on the day its YouTube channel surpassed 6 million subscribers, it announced a representation deal with talent agency William Morris Endeavor. It surpassed 10 million subscribers on 5 December 2015. The 15 millionth subscriber was registered",
"title": "WatchMojo.com"
}
] | who has the most subscribers on youtube in order |
|
| [
{
"id": "10614260",
"text": "It's Just a Matter of Time (song) \"It's Just a Matter of Time\" is a popular song written by Brook Benton, Clyde Otis and Belford Hendricks. The original recording by Benton topped the Billboard rhythm & blues chart in 1959 and peaked at No. 3 on the Hot 100 pop chart, the first in a string of hits for Benton that ran through 1970. The song later found a second life as a country song, with major hit recordings by three different country music performers during the 1970s and 1980s, two of which hit number one. Brook Benton, Belford Hendricks",
"title": "It's Just a Matter of Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "10614264",
"text": "February 1970. The song was James' 10th in a string of 16 consecutive chart-topping single releases, spanning from 1967-1971. James performed the song on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" on January 11, 1970 (just days after the single was released) and \"Hee Haw\" on January 21. In 1985, Glen Campbell — at the time on the roster of Atlantic America Records — recorded his version and released it as a single. His version peaked at No. 7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart in February 1986. Randy Travis became the third country artist to find success with the song. Released",
"title": "It's Just a Matter of Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "10614265",
"text": "in August 1989 as the lead-off single to the album \"No Holdin' Back\", Travis' version became his 10th No. 1 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. Travis' bluesy rendition was initially recorded as part of the album \"Rock, Rhythm & Blues\", a 10-song compilation featuring covers of 1950s-era pop hits by 1980s stars. The song was later included on \"No Holdin' Back\" after Travis and others liked what they had just recorded. It's Just a Matter of Time (song) \"It's Just a Matter of Time\" is a popular song written by Brook Benton, Clyde Otis and Belford Hendricks.",
"title": "It's Just a Matter of Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "10614262",
"text": "it. However, Otis became an A&R manager at Mercury Records, and signed Benton to the label. Otis felt that \"It's Just A Matter Of Time\" would be an ideal single for Benton, and he asked Cole not to record the song so it could be Benton's first release on the label. Belford Hendricks, a classically trained composer, co-wrote and arranged the recording. Benton's version, in a style clearly influenced by Cole, was a quick success, rising to number three on the Billboard pop charts while topping the R&B chart for 9 weeks in the spring of 1959, the longest run",
"title": "It's Just a Matter of Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "19898327",
"text": "It's a Matter of Time \"It's a Matter of Time'\" is a song written by Clive Westlake and recorded in 1972 by Elvis Presley. It was recorded by him during the March 27–29, 1972 recording session at the RCA Studios in Nashville. The song was first released in August 1972 as a B-side to \"Burning Love\" and then in November on the album \"Burning Love and Hits from His Movies, Volume 2\". \"Billboard\" in its August 12, 1972 issue put the single \"Burning Love / It's a Matter of Time\" on the recommended list (New Radio Action \"Billboard\" Pick Singles,",
"title": "It's a Matter of Time"
},
{
"id": "19898328",
"text": "section \"Pop\"). While the A-side (\"Burning Love\") made it to number two on the Hot 100, the flip side (\"It's a Matter of Time\") charted both on the \"Billboard\" Easy Listening and Hot Country Singles charts. \"Burning Love / It's a Matter of Time\" became the last Elvis Presley's single to be certified platinum. It's a Matter of Time \"It's a Matter of Time'\" is a song written by Clive Westlake and recorded in 1972 by Elvis Presley. It was recorded by him during the March 27–29, 1972 recording session at the RCA Studios in Nashville. The song was first",
"title": "It's a Matter of Time"
},
{
"id": "10614263",
"text": "atop the chart of any song that year. On April 12, during the song's chart run, Benton made his national television debut, singing the song on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\". While Benton had had one previous minor hit (\"A Million Miles From Nowhere\"), this success established him to the public, leading to a continuous string of hits through 1962, and occasional success thereafter. The song featured in the film Boogie Nights (1997). The first cover version that became a country hit was recorded by Sonny James; his version spent four weeks atop the \"Billboard magazine\" Hot Country Singles chart in",
"title": "It's Just a Matter of Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "10614261",
"text": "and Clyde Otis established themselves as a songwriting team in the late 1950s, penning hits for Nat King Cole (\"Looking Back\") and Clyde McPhatter (\"A Lover's Question\"). During one songwriting session, Benton expressed frustration that they were not hitting on any good ideas, to which Otis replied, \"It's just a matter of time, Brook\". Those words inspired them to write a love song from the point of view of a man who misses his love, but believes she will come back to him. Benton and Otis placed the song on a demo tape for Cole, and he agreed to record",
"title": "It's Just a Matter of Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "2388767",
"text": "\"Endlessly\". \"It's Just a Matter of Time\" peaked at #3 on the United States \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, sold over one million copies and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA. \"Endlessly\" made it to #12. Both of the first two hits were written by Benton with Clyde Otis. They were originally offered to Nat King Cole, but when Otis became an A&R manager and producer at Mercury, he convinced Benton to sign with the label and record them himself, while asking Cole not to record the songs as planned. Benton followed this success with a series of hits,",
"title": "Brook Benton"
},
{
"id": "14099059",
"text": "the U.S. country singles chart. The single spent three weeks at number one and a total of fourteen weeks on the chart. British singer Tom Jones also recorded a version, released on his 1965 debut album \"Along Came Jones\". Endlessly (Brook Benton song) \"Endlessly\" is a 1959 single by Brook Benton. The follow-up to his breakthrough hit \"It's Just a Matter of Time\", it reached number 12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Its B-side, \"So Close\", also reached the chart, peaking at number 38. \"Endlessly\" also was Benton's first chart success in the UK, where it reached #28. In 1970,",
"title": "Endlessly (Brook Benton song)"
},
{
"id": "17460748",
"text": "on her debut album, \"Rest on Me\", produced by Jimmy Bowen. At the age of 16, Shirley Eikhard released her version of the song. Issued as a single, the track reached #7 on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart and #33 on the Canadian Country chart. It was released on her 1972 album, \"Shirley Eikhard\". It Takes Time (Anne Murray song) \"It Takes Time\" is a song written by Shirley Eikhard and originally performed by Anne Murray. Eikhard was 15 years old at the time of Murray's recording; it was her first professionally recorded composition. Murray's version of the song reached",
"title": "It Takes Time (Anne Murray song)"
},
{
"id": "17460747",
"text": "It Takes Time (Anne Murray song) \"It Takes Time\" is a song written by Shirley Eikhard and originally performed by Anne Murray. Eikhard was 15 years old at the time of Murray's recording; it was her first professionally recorded composition. Murray's version of the song reached #1 on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart, #6 on the Canadian Country chart, and #26 on the Canadian Pop chart in 1971. The song also appeared on her 1971 album, \"Straight, Clean and Simple\". The song was produced by Brian Ahern. Later in 1971, Kim Carnes recorded a version of the song. It appeared",
"title": "It Takes Time (Anne Murray song)"
},
{
"id": "2388766",
"text": "apparently at the suggestion of label executive Marv Halsman. Brook earned a good living by writing songs and co-producing albums. He wrote songs for artists such as Nat King Cole, Clyde McPhatter (for whom he co-wrote the hit \"A Lover's Question\") and Roy Hamilton. He eventually released his first minor hit, \"A Million Miles from Nowhere\", before switching to the Mercury label, which would eventually bring him major success. He also appeared in the 1957 film, \"Mr Rock And Roll\" with Alan Freed. In 1959, he finally made his breakthrough with hits like \"It's Just a Matter of Time\" and",
"title": "Brook Benton"
},
{
"id": "10979717",
"text": "No Holdin' Back No Holdin' Back is the fourth studio album by American country music singer Randy Travis. It was released on September 26, 1989, by Warner Bros. Records Nashville. Three singles were released from it, all of which charted on the Hot Country Songs charts: the Number One hits \"It's Just a Matter of Time\" and \"Hard Rock Bottom of Your Heart\", as well as the #2 hit \"He Walked on Water\". \"It's Just a Matter of Time\" was previously a Number One hit for Brook Benton in 1959 on the R&B charts, and for Sonny James in 1970",
"title": "No Holdin' Back"
},
{
"id": "9216993",
"text": "the popular baritone's recordings, he also co-wrote numerous songs with him, often together with Otis. The Hendricks-Otis-Benton composition \"It's Just a Matter of Time\", arranged by Hendricks and performed by Benton, went to number 3 in the pop chart in 1959 and became a country music standard, with new interpretations reaching number 1 in the United States country charts twice: first in 1970, sung by Sonny James, and again in 1989, courtesy of Randy Travis. Other successful arrangements by Hendricks for Benton included \"Thank You Pretty Baby\", \"Kiddio\", and \"The Boll Weevil Song\". As Hendricks' stature as an arranger grew,",
"title": "Belford Hendricks"
},
{
"id": "7245018",
"text": "Time (David Bowie song) \"Time\" is a song by David Bowie. Written in New Orleans in November 1972 during the American leg of the Ziggy Stardust Tour, it was recorded in London in January 1973 and released as the opening track on side two of the album \"Aladdin Sane\" that April. An edited version of the song supplanted the release of the single \"Drive-In Saturday\" in the United States and Japan. The piece has been described as \"burlesque vamp\", and compared to the cabaret music of Jacques Brel and Bertolt Brecht/Kurt Weill. Keyboardist Mike Garson said that he employed \"the",
"title": "Time (David Bowie song)"
},
{
"id": "2388764",
"text": "Brook Benton Brook Benton (born Benjamin Franklin Peay; September 19, 1931 – April 9, 1988) was an American singer and songwriter who was popular with rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and pop music audiences during the late 1950s and early 1960s, with hits such as \"It's Just a Matter of Time\" and \"Endlessly\", many of which he co-wrote. He made a comeback in 1970 with the ballad \"Rainy Night in Georgia.\" Benton scored over 50 \"Billboard\" chart hits as an artist, and also wrote hits for other performers. When Benton was young, he enjoyed gospel music, wrote songs and",
"title": "Brook Benton"
},
{
"id": "14099058",
"text": "Endlessly (Brook Benton song) \"Endlessly\" is a 1959 single by Brook Benton. The follow-up to his breakthrough hit \"It's Just a Matter of Time\", it reached number 12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Its B-side, \"So Close\", also reached the chart, peaking at number 38. \"Endlessly\" also was Benton's first chart success in the UK, where it reached #28. In 1970, country singer Sonny James, who had topped the country charts with a remake of \"It's Just a Matter of Time\" earlier in the year, released his version of \"Endlessly\" as a single. It was James' sixteenth number-one song on",
"title": "Endlessly (Brook Benton song)"
},
{
"id": "10602383",
"text": "biggest hit of 1981. Outside the US, the song peaked at #30 in Canada. The song was the first Alan Parsons Project song (and single) to feature Eric Woolfson as lead vocalist, and one of the group's few songs in which Alan Parsons' own voice can be heard singing (background/counterpoint vocals). Time (The Alan Parsons Project song) \"Time\" is a song released in 1981 as a single by the Alan Parsons Project. It was from their 1980 album \"The Turn of a Friendly Card\". In the U.S., the song peaked at #15 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. On the U.S.",
"title": "Time (The Alan Parsons Project song)"
},
{
"id": "8314411",
"text": "Out of Time (The Rolling Stones song) \"Out of Time\" is a song by the Rolling Stones, first released on their 1966 album \"Aftermath\" (UK version). The most commercially successful version of the song was by the singer Chris Farlowe, an English solo artist. Farlowe's single, produced by Jagger, peaked at number one in the UK Singles Chart on 28 July 1966 and stayed at the top for one week. A shorter alternative mix of the Rolling Stones' recording was released in the US in 1967 on the album \"Flowers\". A third version featuring Mick Jagger's lead vocal and the",
"title": "Out of Time (The Rolling Stones song)"
},
{
"id": "16166241",
"text": "Just One Time (song) \"Just One Time\" is a single written and originally recorded by American country music artist Don Gibson. Released in February 1960, the song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart, while also reaching #29 on the Billboard Pop chart. The single was later released on Gibson's album \"Look Who's Blue\". In 1971 American country artist Connie Smith recorded a cover version of \"Just One Time\" and released it as a single in April 1971. The single peaked at #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart and #19 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100",
"title": "Just One Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "16166243",
"text": "1971, Freddy Fender in 1976, and Chet Atkins and Mark Knopfler in 1990. Just One Time (song) \"Just One Time\" is a single written and originally recorded by American country music artist Don Gibson. Released in February 1960, the song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart, while also reaching #29 on the Billboard Pop chart. The single was later released on Gibson's album \"Look Who's Blue\". In 1971 American country artist Connie Smith recorded a cover version of \"Just One Time\" and released it as a single in April 1971. The single peaked at #2 on the",
"title": "Just One Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "1460463",
"text": "the Holler\", and \"Is It Still Over?\", all reached No. 1 as well, while \"Promises\" was less successful at No. 17. The album achieved its highest RIAA certification of double-platinum in 1996. This was followed by Travis's first Christmas album, \"An Old Time Christmas\", late in 1989. In 1989, Travis recorded a cover of \"It's Just a Matter of Time\", which was originally recorded by Brook Benton thirty years prior. Travis cut the song for a multi-artist tribute album titled \"Rock, Rhythm & Blues\" which was also released by Warner Bros., and persuaded the label to include it on what",
"title": "Randy Travis"
},
{
"id": "10939710",
"text": "Precious Time (Van Morrison song) \"Precious Time\" is a popular song written by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison and recorded on his 1999 album, \"Back on Top\". It was released as a single in the UK and charted at #36. Since first recording it, Morrison has played it in concert 574 times from March 1998 until June 2008, making it one of his most frequently performed songs. It was recorded in 1998 at The Wool Hall Studios in Beckington with Walter Samuel as engineer. \"Precious Time\" has a happy upbeat melody and introspective lyrics about the quick passing of time:",
"title": "Precious Time (Van Morrison song)"
},
{
"id": "10627511",
"text": "of the song made by Tony Bennett was a hit in 1960. Eddie Fisher included the song on his 1961 LP of Broadway musical tunes entitled Tonight With Eddie Fisher. It was covered in the 1960s by artists, among others, such as Judy Garland, Nina Simone and Barbra Streisand. Decades later, Bennett recorded it again with Michael Bublé as part of his 2006 album \"\". Also singer actress Joan O'Brien turns in a rousing version of this song on a 1963 episode of the 1960s TV sitcom, The Dick Van Dyke Show. Just in Time (song) \"Just in Time\" is",
"title": "Just in Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "7486183",
"text": "Italy as \"Nina\", was shot on location in Rome and Venice. John Kander and Fred Ebb wrote \"The Me I Haven't Met Yet\" and the title tune. \"Do It Again\" by George Gershwin and Buddy G. DeSylva also was heard in the film, performed by Nina (Liza Minnelli) in the ballroom of a Venetian palazzo. In his review in \"The New York Times\", Vincent Canby wrote \"It is full of glittery costumes and spectacular props. It is performed by talented, sophisticated people who adopt the faux-naif gestures of an earlier show-biz tradition, and though it is expensive, it sounds peculiarly",
"title": "A Matter of Time (film)"
},
{
"id": "10602382",
"text": "Time (The Alan Parsons Project song) \"Time\" is a song released in 1981 as a single by the Alan Parsons Project. It was from their 1980 album \"The Turn of a Friendly Card\". In the U.S., the song peaked at #15 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. On the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart, \"Time\" peaked at #10. In addition, \"Time\" spent two weeks at #14 on \"Cash Box\", making it the group's second most successful single (\"Don't Answer Me\" from 1984 also reached #15 on the Hot 100, but reached #17 on Cash Box). \"Cash Box\" ranked it as the 94th",
"title": "Time (The Alan Parsons Project song)"
},
{
"id": "8314414",
"text": "also released as a single in 1975, reaching #45 in the UK, and was later included on 1989's \"\". Like all the songs on the second side of the UK version of \"Aftermath\", the Rolling Stones have never performed “Out of Time” live. Out of Time (The Rolling Stones song) \"Out of Time\" is a song by the Rolling Stones, first released on their 1966 album \"Aftermath\" (UK version). The most commercially successful version of the song was by the singer Chris Farlowe, an English solo artist. Farlowe's single, produced by Jagger, peaked at number one in the UK Singles",
"title": "Out of Time (The Rolling Stones song)"
},
{
"id": "20011218",
"text": "with her commanding stage presence, husky blues voice and wild mane of red hair.\" In 1973 Railroad Gin performed a Rock Mass with the Queensland Youth Orchestra at St John's Cathedral in Brisbane. The band were signed to PolyGram and had three singles that reached the top of the local charts, \"A Matter of Time\" (June 1974), \"Do Ya Love Me?\" (October) and \"You Told the World\" (March 1975). \"A Matter of Time\" was co-written by Lloyd and Stone. They were the support act for Suzi Quatro at Festival Hall, Brisbane in May 1974. Their debut album, \"A Matter of",
"title": "Carol Lloyd (Australian singer)"
},
{
"id": "14666845",
"text": "When It's Time \"When It's Time\" is a song by the American rock band Green Day from \"\", a cast recording to the musical production \"American Idiot\", a stage adaptation of the band's 2004 concept album. The song was released as a single in the United Kingdom, where it reached no. 68 on the UK Singles Chart. Despite originally being written in 1992, when \"Kerplunk\" was released for sale by the label Adeline Records of Armstrong's wife, Adrienne Armstrong, the song was not recorded until the band began work on their seventh studio album, \"American Idiot\", in 2004. Since it",
"title": "When It's Time"
},
{
"id": "4209016",
"text": "American Tail\", and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra and the Choir of King's College. An official soundtrack was released on audio cassette and vinyl record on November 21, 1988, and later on CD by MCA Records, and features seven tracks from the movie. The film's theme song \"If We Hold on Together\" was sung by Diana Ross and was released as a single on January 21, 1989, peaking at number 23 on the US adult contemporary charts, and was later included on her 1991 album \"The Force Behind the Power\". A digital version of the soundtrack was released on",
"title": "The Land Before Time"
},
{
"id": "18830656",
"text": "Priscilla Coolidge Priscilla Coolidge (1941 – October 2, 2014) was an American recording artist and sister of singer Rita Coolidge. Coolidge was born in Lafayette, Tennessee. Between 1969 and 1979, she was married to Booker T. Jones, who produced Coolidge's first solo album, 1970's \"Gypsy Queen\". Then the pair collaborated as a duo on three albums: 1971's \"Booker T. & Priscilla\"; 1972's \"Home Grown\"; and 1973's \"Chronicles\", which included the song \"Time\", written by her sister Rita, which was allegedly \"borrowed\" by drummer Jim Gordon (formerly of Eric Clapton's band Derek and the Dominos and Rita's former boyfriend) and became",
"title": "Priscilla Coolidge"
},
{
"id": "5509009",
"text": "One Moment in Time \"One Moment in Time\" is a song by American singer Whitney Houston and written by Albert Hammond and John Bettis, produced by Narada Michael Walden for the 1988 Summer Olympics held in Seoul, South Korea. The song was Houston's third number one in the UK Singles Chart, and reached number five on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was later included on the second disc of her first greatest hits \"\" and also on \"The Ultimate Collection\" and on the second disc of \"\". The song's melody was inspired by the timeless figure of Elvis",
"title": "One Moment in Time"
},
{
"id": "6277785",
"text": "Till the End of Time (song) \"Till the End of Time\" is a popular song written by lyricist Buddy Kaye and composer Ted Mossman and published in 1945. The melody is based on Frédéric Chopin's Polonaise in A flat major, Op. 53, the \"Polonaise héroique\". A number of recordings of the song were made in 1945. The biggest hit was by Perry Como; another version by Dick Haymes also charted; the Les Brown orchestra, with vocalist Doris Day, and Ginny Simms also made a recording of the song. It featured prominently in the 1946 film of the same name. The",
"title": "Till the End of Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "5402729",
"text": "Award for Song of the Year at the 1985 edition. The song was a success on the charts, becoming her first number-one single on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart on June 9, 1984, and remaining there for two weeks. The song reached number three on the UK Singles Chart and number six on the ARIA Singles Chart. The song is also known for its numerous covers by a wide range of artists, including Miles Davis, who recorded an instrumental version for his 1985 album \"You're Under Arrest\", and Eva Cassidy, whose cover of the song appears on her posthumous",
"title": "Time After Time (Cyndi Lauper song)"
},
{
"id": "8503432",
"text": "Time\" that charted in 1945 were recorded by Charlie Spivak & His Orchestra with vocal by Irene Daye and Stan Kenton & His Orchestra with vocal by June Christy. Les Paul recalled in an interview for \"Mojo\" magazine, \"Bing was a sucker for guitar and that particular song was a case of you don't have to play a lot of notes, you just have to play the right notes.\" The song became a pop standard versions recorded by The DeMarco Sisters (1945), June Haver and Dan Dailey (1950), Perry Como (1956), Al Hibbler (1956), Peggy Lee (1959), Keely Smith (1959),",
"title": "It's Been a Long, Long Time"
},
{
"id": "12371781",
"text": "the Babettes and the slowhand guitar of Walt Stocker brings the song to a close with the Babettes chorus heard alternatively in the left and right channels \"isn't it time\", \"don't have to wait\" a result of the production work of Ron Nevison. The song peaked at position No. 13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 but hit No. 8 on Cash Box's Top 100. It was a #1 hit in Australia in March 1978. On December 7, 1977, a video of the Babys' \"Isn't It Time\" was aired on the ABC program \"American Bandstand\". English guitarist Robin Trower also recorded",
"title": "Isn't It Time (The Babys song)"
},
{
"id": "10627510",
"text": "Just in Time (song) \"Just in Time\" is a popular song with the melody written by Jule Styne and the lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green. It was introduced by Judy Holliday and Sydney Chaplin in the musical \"Bells Are Ringing\" in 1956. Judy Holliday and Dean Martin sang the song in the 1960 film of \"Bells Are Ringing\". Martin then recorded it for his 1960 album, \"This Time I'm Swingin'!\". Peggy Lee covered \"Just in Time\" in 1958 on \"Jump for Joy\". Blossom Dearie covered the song in 1959 on \"Blossom Dearie Sings Comden and Green\". A recording",
"title": "Just in Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "12509898",
"text": "Time Marches On (song) \"Time Marches On\" is a song written by Bobby Braddock, and recorded by American country music artist Tracy Lawrence. It was released in March 1996 as the second single and title track from his album \"Time Marches On\". It was the fifteenth chart single of his career. It spent three weeks at Number One on the \"Billboard\" country charts in mid-1996, becoming the longest-lasting Number One hit of his career. It also received a Single of the Year nomination from the Country Music Association in 1996, as well as a Song of the Year nomination for",
"title": "Time Marches On (song)"
},
{
"id": "9509640",
"text": "Pledging My Time \"Pledging My Time\" is a blues song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan for his 1966 album \"Blonde on Blonde\". The song was recorded on March 8, 1966, in Nashville, Tennessee, with veteran Nashville musicians and Canadian guitarist Robbie Robertson. \"Pledging My Time\" was released the next month by Columbia Records as the B-side of the single \"Rainy Day Women#12 & 35\", a hit record in both the United States and Great Britain. The two songs also led off \"Blonde on Blonde\", which was officially released on May 16, 1966, and today is considered among",
"title": "Pledging My Time"
},
{
"id": "7819147",
"text": "The single also peaked at number-eight on the \"Billboard\" R&B Singles chart. It reached number three in the UK Singles Chart in September 1970, having already sold more than one million copies in the US. The first Chairmen of the Board LP, a self-titled release, included the single; after the single's success, the \"Chairmen of the Board\" album was reissued as \"Give Me Just a Little More Time\". In 1982, American R&B singer Angela Clemmons remade the song and it peaked at #4 on Billboard's Hot Dance Music/Club Play Singles chart. The Funk Brothers who played on \"Give Me Just",
"title": "Give Me Just a Little More Time"
},
{
"id": "5897369",
"text": "Always on Time \"Always on Time\" is a song by American rapper Ja Rule from his third studio album, \"Pain Is Love\". Produced by Irv Gotti, it was written by 7 Aurelius, Ja Rule and Irving Lorenzo and features R&B singer Ashanti. Originally set to feature Brandy, the song was released as the album's second single and became a worldwide hit, becoming Ashanti's first \"Billboard\" Hot 100 number one single and Ja Rule's second. The song spent two weeks at the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 from February 23, 2002. It was followed by another Ja Rule duet, \"Ain't",
"title": "Always on Time"
},
{
"id": "10630292",
"text": "The Longest Time \"The Longest Time\" is a doo-wop single by Billy Joel. The song was released as a single in 1984 as the fourth single from the 1983 album \"An Innocent Man\". Following the theme of the album in paying tribute to Joel's musical influences, the song is presented in the style of Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers. It reached number 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 1 on \"Billboard\"s Adult Contemporary chart. In the United Kingdom the song reached number 25 on the UK Singles Chart. The song features Joel on lead vocals and all backing",
"title": "The Longest Time"
},
{
"id": "10847895",
"text": "Shirley Eikhard Shirley Rose Eikhard (born November 7, 1955) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. Eikhard was born in Sackville, New Brunswick. Her mother, June Eikhard, was a noted Atlantic Canadian fiddler. At age 13, while living in Oshawa, Ontario, Eikhard successfully auditioned for the New Songwriters' Workshop at the 1969 Mariposa Folk Festival in Toronto. In 1971, when she was 15, her song \"It Takes Time\" was recorded by Anne Murray and became a hit in Canada. Eikhard released her debut album the following year. Her song, \"Something to Talk About\", was recorded by musician Bonnie Raitt to significant success in",
"title": "Shirley Eikhard"
},
{
"id": "20436279",
"text": "If I Only Had Time \"If I Only Had Time\" was a big hit in 1968 for New Zealand singer John Rowles. It was his first release in England as well. The song is the English translation of \"Je n’Aurai Pas le Temps\", a French ballad, recorded by Michel Fugain in 1967. Peter Gormley who had signed Rowles to MCA, got in Mike Leander to handle the arrangements for the song. As reported in the July 6, 1968 issue of \"Billboard\", the single was at that time #2 in Belgium, #27 in Britain, #5 in Holland, and #5 in New",
"title": "If I Only Had Time"
},
{
"id": "16183851",
"text": "On Time (song) \"On Time\" is a song written by Maurice Gibb and recorded by the Bee Gees released on 14 January 1972 as the B-side of the single \"My World\". It was recorded on 21 October 1971 in London, the day that they finished the song \"Alive\", which was included on their 1972 album \"To Whom It May Concern\". The swamp rocker \"On Time\" was one of Maurice's favorites, this being the first of three recordings he made of it. Maurice and guitarist Alan Kendall share a few tracks of acoustic and electric guitars, accompanied by Geoff Bridgford on",
"title": "On Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "17332467",
"text": "continues to sing a few more words, and drummer Steve Gadd hits the hi-hat again, but when it was released, it ends with the fadeout. The song reached No. 15 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 29 on the US Adult Contemporary chart in 1980. The song appeared on his 1980 album, \"Andy Gibb's Greatest Hits\" and was the first single and one of the new songs on that album. as well as 2010's \"Mythology\" box set. The song was produced by Barry Gibb, Albhy Galuten and Karl Richardson. It was edited for its single release with one less",
"title": "Time Is Time"
},
{
"id": "5402727",
"text": "Time After Time (Cyndi Lauper song) \"Time After Time\" is the second single by American singer-songwriter Cyndi Lauper from her debut studio album, \"She's So Unusual\" (1983), with Rob Hyman (co-writer and founding member of the rock band The Hooters) contributing backing vocals. The track was produced by Rick Chertoff and released as a single on January 27, 1984. The song became Lauper's first number 1 hit in the U.S. The song was written in the album's final stages, after \"Girls Just Wanna Have Fun\", \"She Bop\" and \"All Through the Night\" had been written. The writing began with the",
"title": "Time After Time (Cyndi Lauper song)"
},
{
"id": "10874944",
"text": "No Time (Lil' Kim song) \"No Time\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim. It was released as her debut single in 1996 which served as the first single from Kim's debut album \"Hard Core\". It peaked at number 18 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and reached the Top 10 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. \"No Time\" topped the US Rap Songs for nine weeks, becoming Kim's first number 1 hit on that chart. Additionally, the song charted at number 45 on the UK Singles Chart. The single was certified Platinum by the RIAA. \"No Time\" contains a sample",
"title": "No Time (Lil' Kim song)"
},
{
"id": "6518336",
"text": "Me\" for Zoot. One of his best-known and most successful compositions, \"It's Only A Matter Of Time\", was the much-played B-side of the famous single \"The Real Thing\" by Russell Morris, which was an Australian No. 1 hit in May 1969. In 1972 Poulsen relocated to the Findhorn Foundation spiritual community in north east Scotland, where he recorded three albums, What A Way To Look At Life: Findhorn Foundation Sing-along, It Can't Be Described In Words and Universal Hands (all 1975, all released on cassette only by the Findhorn Foundation). These featured many of Poulsen's own songs, plus some by",
"title": "Hans Poulsen"
},
{
"id": "17332468",
"text": "repeat of the chorus at the end. When it was appeared for the first time in CD format through the compilation \"Andy Gibb\" it fades out early at 3:41. Time Is Time \"Time Is Time\" is a song written by Andy and Barry Gibb. Andy Gibb performs this song and was released as a single in November 1980 and included on \"Andy Gibb's Greatest Hits\". The B-side, \"I Go for You\" was originally from his 1978 album \"Shadow Dancing\". \"Time Is Time\" was recorded in the middle of 1980 at Middle Ear Studios in Miami Beach. It was credited to",
"title": "Time Is Time"
},
{
"id": "15467338",
"text": "Love Takes Time (Orleans song) \"Love Takes Time\" is a popular song by the rock and soft rock band Orleans. It peaked at number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in May 1979 and was their biggest hit since their 1976 single \"Still the One.\" The song also reached number 13 on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart. In Canada, \"Love Takes Time\" peaked at #23 for two weeks. It is arguably their third most popular song overall, behind \"Dance with Me\" and \"Still the One,\" and their most popular song without lead singer John Hall. Written by Larry Hoppen and",
"title": "Love Takes Time (Orleans song)"
},
{
"id": "6277787",
"text": "at #3. The Les Brown/Doris Day recording was recorded on May 17, 1945, and released by Columbia Records as catalog number 36828. It peaked at #3 on the \"Billboard\" magazine pop chart. The Ginny Simms recording was recorded on July 15, 1945, and released by Columbia Records as catalog number 36849. It did not chart on \"Billboard\". Till the End of Time (song) \"Till the End of Time\" is a popular song written by lyricist Buddy Kaye and composer Ted Mossman and published in 1945. The melody is based on Frédéric Chopin's Polonaise in A flat major, Op. 53, the",
"title": "Till the End of Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "15467339",
"text": "Marilyn Mason, it was the first track on the band's 1979 album \"Forever\". The song received mixed reviews. Though popular, the song was called \"bubbly but shallow\" by the \"Lawrence Journal-World\". Love Takes Time (Orleans song) \"Love Takes Time\" is a popular song by the rock and soft rock band Orleans. It peaked at number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in May 1979 and was their biggest hit since their 1976 single \"Still the One.\" The song also reached number 13 on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart. In Canada, \"Love Takes Time\" peaked at #23 for two weeks. It",
"title": "Love Takes Time (Orleans song)"
},
{
"id": "13605576",
"text": "(1988). The drum beat also appeared at the beginning of the third remix of Was (Not Was)' song, \"Out Come the Freaks,\" which appeared on their 1987/88 album, \"What Up, Dog?\". Rock Steady (The Whispers song) \"Rock Steady\" is a single released by American group The Whispers, from their eighteenth studio album \"Just Gets Better with Time\" (1987). It was released on June 13, 1987 and was their highest charting single on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100, peaking at number seven in late August, and was their second and final number one on the Hot Black Singles Chart. It was",
"title": "Rock Steady (The Whispers song)"
},
{
"id": "12632203",
"text": "Thoroughbred (album) Thoroughbred is an album by American singer-songwriter Carole King, released in 1976. This is her final effort issued by Ode Records, and also the last album produced by Lou Adler who had been her collaborator since \"Tapestry\". The track \"Only Love Is Real\" was released as a lead single from the album, and became her 4th and final chart-topper on the U.S. Billboard AC chart. \"High out of Time\", a song featuring David Crosby and Graham Nash on vocals, was also released as a single. \"There's a Space Between Us\" also features harmony vocals by James Taylor. All",
"title": "Thoroughbred (album)"
},
{
"id": "15788091",
"text": "Time (Freddie Mercury song) \"Time\" is a 1986 song recorded by Freddie Mercury, along with \"In My Defence\", for Dave Clark's musical of the same name. Even though Mercury did not appear in the musical itself, both songs were included on the cast album, and \"Time\" was also released as a separate single, backed by an instrumental version of the song, and reached #32 on the UK Singles Chart. The single version was later included in the 2000 box set \"The Solo Collection\" and the 2006 compilation album \"Lover of Life, Singer of Songs: The Very Best of Freddie Mercury",
"title": "Time (Freddie Mercury song)"
},
{
"id": "8314412",
"text": "orchestration and backing vocals from Chris Farlowe's cover version (plus a new female backing vocal) was released on the 1975 rarities album \"Metamorphosis\" and as a single. The song was written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards. Mick Jagger produced the hit single version by Chris Farlowe. The Rolling Stones released three versions of \"Out of Time\". The first, recorded by the band in Los Angeles in March 1966, appeared on the UK version of 1966's \"Aftermath\" and featured a marimba part played by Brian Jones. In this format \"Out of Time\" was 5:37 long. A shorter version of this",
"title": "Out of Time (The Rolling Stones song)"
},
{
"id": "4323333",
"text": "Chris Farlowe Chris Farlowe (born John Henry Deighton, 13 October 1940) is an English rock, blues and soul singer. He is best known for his hit single \"Out of Time\", which rose to #1 in the UK Singles Chart in 1966, and his association with Colosseum and the Thunderbirds. Outside his music career, Farlowe collects war memorabilia. Farlowe was born in Islington, North London. His musical career began with a skiffle group, the John Henry Skiffle Group, in 1957, before he joined the Johnny Burns Rhythm and Blues Quartet, in 1958. He met guitarist Bob Taylor in 1959 and, through",
"title": "Chris Farlowe"
},
{
"id": "18391771",
"text": "Take Your Time (Sam Hunt song) \"Take Your Time\" is a song co-written and recorded by American singer Sam Hunt. It was released to country radio, by MCA Nashville on November 24, 2014 as the second single from his debut studio album \"Montevallo\" (2014). Capitol Records headed the song's further promotion to pop and adult pop radio stations in the spring of 2015. The song became Hunt's second consecutive single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart in February 2015. The song was written by Hunt, Shane McAnally and Josh Osborne. The song is a mid-tempo",
"title": "Take Your Time (Sam Hunt song)"
},
{
"id": "11155404",
"text": "What's the Matter Here \"What's The Matter Here?\" was the third single released from 10,000 Maniacs' 1987 album \"In My Tribe\", following \"Peace Train\" and \"Like the Weather\". A live version with lead vocalist Mary Ramsey was also included on their 2016 album \"Playing Favorites\". The song continued the band's slow integration into the mainstream of American commercial radio; it was a number 9 hit on the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart in 1988 and reached the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 as well (the second single by the band to reach the latter chart, after \"Like the Weather\"). The song, as",
"title": "What's the Matter Here"
},
{
"id": "7267771",
"text": "free, telling the other that \"we'll both live a lot longer\" if they part ways now. Nesmith later rerecorded the song for his 1972 LP \"And the Hits Just Keep on Comin'\". His version contains four verses, as opposed to the three in Ronstadt's version. The song is best known for the 1967 version credited to the Stone Poneys featuring a vocal performance by a young and up-and-coming singer named Linda Ronstadt. The song was Ronstadt's first hit single, reaching number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 as well as number 12 on the \"Cash Box\" magazine singles chart. (It",
"title": "Different Drum"
},
{
"id": "10167597",
"text": "It's Going to Take Some Time \"It's Going to Take Some Time\" is a song written by Carole King and Toni Stern for King’s 1971 album, \"Music\". It was redone by the Carpenters in 1972 for their fourth album, \"A Song for You\". According to Richard Carpenter, he had to choose which songs he wanted to remake, and there was a big pile of 7\" singles he had to listen to. When he encountered \"It's Going to Take Some Time\", he knew it would be a hit, and recorded it. The song peaked at number 12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot",
"title": "It's Going to Take Some Time"
},
{
"id": "4204861",
"text": "Time\" (\"You can't hurry God/you just have to wait/Trust and give him time/no matter how long it takes\"), a 1950s gospel song written by Dorothy Love Coates of The Original Gospel Harmonettes. The recorded version of \"You Can't Hurry Love\" showcases the developing sound of The Supremes, who were progressing from their earlier teen-pop into more mature themes and musical arrangements. This song and \"You Keep Me Hangin' On\" were finished together; when it came time to choose which single would be issued first, Motown's Quality Control department chose \"You Can't Hurry Love.\" Written and produced by Motown's main production",
"title": "You Can't Hurry Love"
},
{
"id": "18047133",
"text": "Peace in Our Time (song) \"Peace in Our Time\" is a song originally released by Jennifer Holliday on the 1988 Summer Olympics album \"\" for the Olympics held in Seoul, South Korea. American rock singer Eddie Money released his version as a single in 1989 and included it on his album \"\". The single debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on December 2, 1989 and reached a peak position of number 11. The song was written by Andy Hill and Peter Sinfield. In 1993, British singer Cliff Richard released a version as a single in the UK, which peaked",
"title": "Peace in Our Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "7736719",
"text": "Engelbert Humperdinck (singer) Engelbert Humperdinck (born Arnold George Dorsey; 2 May 1936) is an English pop singer. Humperdinck has been described as \"one of the finest middle-of-the-road balladeers around.\" His singles \"Release Me\" and \"The Last Waltz\" both topped the UK music charts in 1967, and sold more than a million copies each. In North America, he also had chart successes with \"After the Lovin'\" (1976) and \"This Moment in Time\" (1979). He has sold more than 150 million records worldwide. Arnold George Dorsey was born in Madras, British India (present-day Chennai, India) in 1936, one of ten children to",
"title": "Engelbert Humperdinck (singer)"
},
{
"id": "1322724",
"text": "mainstream disco hits (Jones and Kantonen, 1999). In 2003, \"Lady Marmalade\" was inducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2009, their songs \"It Took a Long Time\" and \"System\" were featured in Lee Daniels' film \"Precious\". \"As The Blue Belles (aka Patti La Belle and Her Blue Belles; Patti LaBelle and The Bluebelles):\" \"As Labelle:\" \"With Laura Nyro\" Labelle Labelle is an American all-female singing group who were a popular vocal group of the 1960s and 1970s. The group was formed after the disbanding of two rival girl groups in the Philadelphia/Trenton areas, the Ordettes and the Del-Capris, forming",
"title": "Labelle"
},
{
"id": "10250244",
"text": "\"A Matter of Time\", Jason has had continued success as a songwriter, with acts such as Lonestar, Kenny Chesney, and Montgomery Gentry having recorded his songs. In addition, he holds several credits as a session background vocalist. Sellers was born in Gilmer, Texas. His musical beginnings were as a member of his family's gospel music group, the Singing Sellers, which toured throughout the Western United States. Between 1991 and 1997, he was married to Lee Ann Womack, with whom he had one daughter, Aubrie Lee Sellers (born 1991). Sellers moved to Nashville, Tennessee while still in his late teens. He",
"title": "Jason Sellers"
},
{
"id": "10327932",
"text": "Find the Time \"Find the Time\" is a 1986 single by the British pop group Five Star. It was the second single to be taken from their million-plus selling second album, \"Silk & Steel,\" and peaked at #7 in the UK in July 1986. The single was written by Nick Trevisick and Paul Gurvitz who had written the single \"R.S.V.P.\" for the band the previous year. The video features the band performing a dance routine alongside the River Thames and the Houses of Parliament in London. The song was also featured on the soundtrack of the video game \"\" on",
"title": "Find the Time"
},
{
"id": "14809245",
"text": "debuted at number 63 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of December 23, 2000. It's My Time (Martina McBride song) \"It's My Time\" is a song written by Tammy Hyler, Billy Crain and Kim Tribble, and recorded by American country music artist Martina McBride. It was released in December 2000 as the fourth single from her album \"Emotion\". Emotion was McBride's fifth studio album. The song peaked at number 11 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks and at number 2 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100. It was her",
"title": "It's My Time (Martina McBride song)"
},
{
"id": "8421691",
"text": "soon moved on to Ronnie Hawkins & The Hawks (and years later, Janis Joplin’s backing group Full Tilt Boogie and later The Band). Soon afterwards, Lillie left the group to take up an offer from singer Ricky James Matthews (later funk star Rick James) in a new version of The Mynah Birds. The band went to Motown studios in Detroit during August 1967 and recorded \"It’s My Time\", a song written by James and Neil Young during the group's previous incarnation. The project was shelved when the band fell apart. James and Lillie returned to Toronto to find new musicians.",
"title": "Neil Merryweather"
},
{
"id": "16611034",
"text": "an official single release until 2012. After the song was covered on \"Glee\" and heavy rotation in commercials and television shows, the song received commercial success and reached number 15 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making it the band's first Top 40 single, as well as number four on the Alternative Songs chart and number three on the Rock Songs chart. With 32 weeks, it had the longest run on the Alternative Songs Top 10 in 2012. The single reached the top 10 in Austria (#6), Belgium (#1), Czech Republic (#10), Ireland (#9), India (#17) Japan (#7), \"Billboard\" Pop Songs",
"title": "It's Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "14666848",
"text": "highest position it achieved. When It's Time \"When It's Time\" is a song by the American rock band Green Day from \"\", a cast recording to the musical production \"American Idiot\", a stage adaptation of the band's 2004 concept album. The song was released as a single in the United Kingdom, where it reached no. 68 on the UK Singles Chart. Despite originally being written in 1992, when \"Kerplunk\" was released for sale by the label Adeline Records of Armstrong's wife, Adrienne Armstrong, the song was not recorded until the band began work on their seventh studio album, \"American Idiot\",",
"title": "When It's Time"
},
{
"id": "5251448",
"text": "performance of \"Listen to the Music.\" At the end of the awards ceremony, they were also joined by host Brad Paisley for \"Takin' It to the Streets\". After the Doobie Brothers' first farewell tour, McDonald released his first solo studio album, \"If That's What It Takes\", in 1982 on the label Warner Bros. The album featured the hit singles \"I Keep Forgettin' (Every Time You're Near)\", a duet with his sisters Kathy and Maureen, and \"I Gotta Try\", a song co-written with Kenny Loggins, who also recorded in that same year for his fourth album \"High Adventure\". He continued to",
"title": "Michael McDonald (musician)"
},
{
"id": "9991361",
"text": "Ringo (song) \"Ringo\" is a popular song written by Don Robertson and Hal Blair. It was a hit single for Canadian-born actor Lorne Greene in 1964. It reached #1 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" charts on December 5, 1964, as well as garnering the same spot on the \"Easy Listening\" chart, where it retained the position for six weeks. The single also peaked at #21 on the Hot Country Singles chart. In Canada, it hit #1 on the \"RPM\" top singles chart on December 7, 1964. The song's sung lyrics are limited to the title word alone, performed by an unidentified",
"title": "Ringo (song)"
},
{
"id": "10207398",
"text": "Once Upon a Time (Marvin Gaye and Mary Wells song) \"Once Upon a Time\" is a 1964 single released by Marvin Gaye and Mary Wells from their sole duet album, \"Together\". Written by Clarence Paul, Barney Ales, Dave Hamilton and William \"Mickey\" Stevenson, the song discussed how the two narrators felt lonely until they met each other referring to their past as it happened \"once upon a time\". The song brought simultaneous top forty pop success for the duo as the single hit number nineteen while its b-side, \"What's the Matter with You Baby\" peaked at number seventeen on the",
"title": "Once Upon a Time (Marvin Gaye and Mary Wells song)"
},
{
"id": "9371514",
"text": "2nd Anniversary 2nd Anniversary is a studio album recorded by American R&B group Gladys Knight & the Pips, released in October 1975 on the Buddah label. It was their fourth overall album for Buddah. The first single release, \"Money\", was moderately successful, reaching #4 R&B and #50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The second single, \"Part Time Love\", was more successful, peaking at #22 pop and #4 R&B. It would be their last single to reach the top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 until 1988. The song also charted on the adult contemporary and UK Singles charts, #17 and",
"title": "2nd Anniversary"
},
{
"id": "10794542",
"text": "the Duke Ellington Orchestra in 1955, appearing on many of Ellington's recordings, including \"Such Sweet Thunder\" and \"Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Duke Ellington Songbook\", both from 1957, as well as the historic 1956 Newport Jazz Festival session. He stayed with the Orchestra until 1960, when he left to live in Europe. Jimmy Woode's song \"Just Give Me Time\" was covered by Carola in 1966, first released on her album \"Carola & Heikki Sarmanto Trio\", reaching the Finnish charts in 2004. An original member of The Kenny Clarke-Francy Boland Big Band, in 1995 he also toured with Lionel Hampton's Golden Men",
"title": "Jimmy Woode"
},
{
"id": "8769759",
"text": "which rapidly became one of the most noted Big Bands assembled outside the United States. After it broke up in 1972 he concentrated on composing. He lived in Europe, primarily Switzerland, from 1976 and did musical arrangements for Sarah Vaughan among others. He was also part of One World, One Peace, an effort involving Pope John Paul II. He died in 2005. Francy Boland's song \"Just Give Me Time\" was covered by Carola in 1966, first released on her album \"Carola & Heikki Sarmanto Trio\", reaching the Finnish Charts in 2004. With Johnny Griffin Kenny Clarke / Francy Boland Big",
"title": "Francy Boland"
},
{
"id": "17332466",
"text": "Time Is Time \"Time Is Time\" is a song written by Andy and Barry Gibb. Andy Gibb performs this song and was released as a single in November 1980 and included on \"Andy Gibb's Greatest Hits\". The B-side, \"I Go for You\" was originally from his 1978 album \"Shadow Dancing\". \"Time Is Time\" was recorded in the middle of 1980 at Middle Ear Studios in Miami Beach. It was credited to Andy himself with his brother Barry, but Andy said later that it was his own composition with one change by Barry. Its full ending, when the musicians stop, Andy",
"title": "Time Is Time"
},
{
"id": "6715290",
"text": "the 500 greatest albums of all time. That same year, the album's leading hit track, \"Lady Marmalade\", was inducted to the Grammy Hall of Fame. Several acts have covered \"Lady Marmalade\" into international successes on their own including covers by All Saints and the quartet collaboration between singers Christina Aguilera, Mýa, Lil' Kim and Pink. \"It Took a Long Time\" was featured during the final scene and ending credits to the motion picture . Nightbirds Nightbirds is an album by the all-female singing group Labelle, released in 1974 on the Epic label. Notable for their biggest hit, the number-one song,",
"title": "Nightbirds"
},
{
"id": "4508079",
"text": "Rock and Roll Music \"Rock and Roll Music\" is a 1957 hit single written and recorded by rock and roll star Chuck Berry. The song has been widely covered and is recognized as one of Berry's most popular and enduring compositions. In the fall of 1957, his recording reached number 6 on \"Billboard\" magazine's R&B Singles chart and number 8 on its Hot 100 chart. The song has been recorded by many well-known artists. The Beatles' 1964 recording topped singles charts in Europe and in Australia, and the Beach Boys had a U.S. top ten hit with the song in",
"title": "Rock and Roll Music"
},
{
"id": "16717376",
"text": "Chicago and Tommy James and the Shondells, The Tropics took first place over more than 1000 bands. Out of that came a recording contract with Columbia Records and the single \"Take the Time,\" produced by Teo Macero, which made it to the top of the local charts and was awarded a \"92\" on Dick Clark's \"American Bandstand\". The group was also on the American Bandstand tour opening for The Young Rascals. The Tropics became one of the most-popular Pop Rock-Showbands in the Southeastern United States between 1965 and 1969 with band members Buddy Pendergrass, Mel Dryer, Charlie Souza, Bobby Shea",
"title": "The Tropics (band)"
},
{
"id": "7310562",
"text": "Jackson (song) \"Jackson\" is a song written in 1963 by Billy Edd Wheeler and Jerry Leiber and first recorded by Wheeler. It is best known from two 1967 releases: a pop hit single by Nancy Sinatra and Lee Hazlewood, which reached number 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 39 Easy Listening, and a country hit single by Johnny Cash and June Carter, which reached number two on the \"Billboard\" Country Singles chart and has become more appreciated by non-country audiences in recent years as a result of Cash's continued popularity and its use in the 2011 film \"The",
"title": "Jackson (song)"
},
{
"id": "4204859",
"text": "You Can't Hurry Love \"You Can't Hurry Love\" is a 1966 song originally recorded by The Supremes on the Motown label. Written and produced by Motown production team Holland–Dozier–Holland, the song topped the United States \"Billboard\" pop singles chart, made the UK top 5, and made the top 10 in the Australian Singles Chart. It was released and peaked in late summer/early autumn in 1966. Sixteen years later, it would become a number-one hit in the UK when Phil Collins re-recorded the song. It reached number one on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks beginning in January 1983 and",
"title": "You Can't Hurry Love"
},
{
"id": "9622378",
"text": "Alison MacCallum Alison MacCallum (born 7 April 1951), also written Alison McCallum, is an Australian rock singer from the late 1960s and 1970s. Her two studio albums are \"Fresh Water\" (March 1972) and \"Excuse Me\" (October 1975). In March 1972 she issued her most successful charting single, \"Superman\", which peaked at No. 12 on \"Go-Set\"s National Top 40. In August that year MacCallum provided lead vocals for the Labor Party's campaign theme song, \"It's Time\", for the 1972 election. By the late 1970s, she had concentrated on session work and then \"disappeared from public view\". According to Australian musicologist, Ian",
"title": "Alison MacCallum"
},
{
"id": "5842368",
"text": "Remember the Time \"Remember the Time\" is a 1992 single by American singer and songwriter Michael Jackson. It was released by Epic Records on January 14, 1992, as the second single from Jackson's eighth studio album, \"Dangerous\". The song was written and composed by Teddy Riley, Jackson and Bernard Belle, and produced by Riley and Jackson. \"Remember the Time\" was a successful attempt by Jackson to create a dance-oriented, new jack swing-flavored jam with the assistance of co-producer Riley. The song's lyrics are written about remembering having fallen in love with someone. \"Remember the Time\" was generally well received by",
"title": "Remember the Time"
},
{
"id": "19085539",
"text": "Born in Time \"Born in Time\" is a rock song written by the American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, who released the track on September 10, 1990 on his twenty-seventh studio album \"Under the Red Sky\". It is a reworking of the original material recorded at the previous year's \"Oh Mercy\" sessions. The British recording artist Eric Clapton covered the song for his 1998 studio effort \"Pilgrim\" and released his take on the tune as a single. The British rock musician Eric Clapton covered Dylan's original release, adding his \"Pilgrim\"-style arrangements to the track. Clapton plays the song in the key of",
"title": "Born in Time"
},
{
"id": "1444543",
"text": "\"Front and Center: Songwriters Hall of Fame: Nile Rodgers,\" which captures his and the late Bernard Edwards' induction into the Songwriters Hall of Fame as well as an intimate concert and talk at the McKittrick Hotel in New York City. On March 21, 2018 CHIC's \"Le Freak\" was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or artistically significant.\" In June 2018, \"Till the World Falls\", the first single from Nile Rodgers & Chic's first album since 1992, \"It's About Time\", was released. The song featured Mura Masa, Cosha and Vic",
"title": "Nile Rodgers"
},
{
"id": "903301",
"text": "She Bop \"She Bop\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Cyndi Lauper, released as the third single from her debut studio album \"She's So Unusual\". It reached number three on the U.S. \"\"Billboard\" Hot 100\" chart in September 1984. Worldwide, the song is her most commercially successful single after \"Girls Just Want to Have Fun\" and \"Time After Time\", and reached number 46 on the \"UK Singles Chart\" and number 6 on the \"ARIA Singles Chart\". \"She Bop\" was her third consecutive Top 5 on the \"Hot 100\". The song is also featured in the film \"Never Been Kissed.\" The",
"title": "She Bop"
},
{
"id": "9022742",
"text": "the middle name \"Edward\" after his brother of that name died at a young age. Rowles is best known in New Zealand and Australia, though he has also performed in the United States, particularly Las Vegas, Nevada and Hawaii, where he was managed by Kimo Wilder McVay. In the United Kingdom he was best known for the hit, \"If I Only Had Time\", which reached number 3 in the UK Singles Chart in spring 1968, and stayed in the chart for eighteen weeks. This was a cover version of the French song \"Je n'aurai pas le temps\" with which the",
"title": "John Rowles"
},
{
"id": "18612259",
"text": "there the day his wife delivered twin daughters, but did not see his family again until the girls were aged six months, prompting him to quit the group in January 1966 because he \"wanted to watch his children grow up.\" The producers of the group vowed he would never work in music again. After quitting The New Christy Minstrels, Ramos worked as a studio musician and back-up singer, releasing a solo single in 1966, \"It'll Take A Little Time\" (later collected in the 2002 album \"Anthology: Just The Right Sound\" by The Association). In 1967, a member of The Association",
"title": "Larry Ramos"
},
{
"id": "9080049",
"text": "Day's vocals, \"Twilight Time\" was an instrumental. The first vocal version of the song on record was released, also in 1945, by bandleader Jimmy Dorsey with Teddy Walters on vocals. It has been recorded by numerous groups over the years. However, the best-known version of the song was recorded by the Platters and became a number one hit on both the pop singles and R&B Best Sellers charts in 1958 in the United States. The song also reached number three in the United Kingdom. In 1963, the Platters recorded a Spanish version of the song entitled \"La Hora del Crepúsculo\",",
"title": "Twilight Time (song)"
},
{
"id": "5044502",
"text": "Love Takes Time \"Love Takes Time\" is a song by American singer Mariah Carey. It was written by Carey and Ben Margulies, and was produced by Walter Afanasieff for Carey's debut album \"Mariah Carey\" (1990). It was released as the album's second single on September 11, 1990 through CBS Records. It was the first of several adult contemporary-influenced Carey ballads to be released as a single, and its protagonist laments the loss of a lover and confesses that \"love takes time\" to heal and that their feelings for their ex-lover remain. Carey quickly recorded the song at the very last",
"title": "Love Takes Time"
},
{
"id": "18391776",
"text": "It also debuted at number 40 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Pop Songs chart for the week of April 25, 2015. The song crossed over to additional pop formats in June, debuting at number thirty-seven on the \"Billboard\" Pop Songs chart and at number 28 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart, respectively, for the week of June 13, 2015. The song was certified Gold by the RIAA on March 11, 2015, Platinum status on April 14, 2015, and 2× Platinum on August 7, 2015. The song reached its two million sales mark in the US in March 2016. The song has",
"title": "Take Your Time (Sam Hunt song)"
},
{
"id": "8792815",
"text": "1976. Something's Burning Something's Burning is the fifth album by Kenny Rogers & The First Edition, released in 1970. Only one single was issued from the album, the title song \"Something's Burning\" with \"Momma's Waiting\" on the flip side. It was a worldwide Top 40 hit in 1970, including a #11 peak in the United States and #8 in the United Kingdom. The albums closing track \"Elvira\" was originally recorded by its composer, Dallas Frazier. It was later a hit single for the Oak Ridge Boys, who would later embark on several tours with Rogers' after the First Edition disbanded",
"title": "Something's Burning"
},
{
"id": "5715011",
"text": "Owen Paul Owen Paul (born 1 May 1962) is a Scottish singer best known in the UK for his 1986 No. 3 hit single, \"My Favourite Waste of Time\", a cover version of a song that was originally written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Marshall Crenshaw. The track featured an appearance from future Thunder bass player Mark 'Snake' Luckhurst. After releasing a couple of singles and the album \"As It Is,\" he had a falling out with his record label, resulting in him leaving the music industry for 15 years. As a youngster, Paul was taken on as an apprentice",
"title": "Owen Paul"
},
{
"id": "18767211",
"text": "It Didn't Matter \"It Didn't Matter\" is a song by the English band The Style Council which was their fifteenth single to be released. It was composed by lead singer Paul Weller, keyboardist Mick Talbot, and was released in 1987. The song was duetted by Weller and his then-wife Dee C. Lee. It is the first single from the band's third album, \"The Cost of Loving\", also known as the \"Orange album\". Backed with \"All Year Round\", it became a hit, peaking at No. 9 in the UK, and No. 48 in both Australia, and New Zealand. It has remained",
"title": "It Didn't Matter"
},
{
"id": "10628539",
"text": "“Morning Train (Nine to Five)” to avoid confusion with a record by Dolly Parton called \"9 To 5\") took her to No. 1 in the charts there. In the UK, the album met with favourable response by reaching No. 17 and spent 19 weeks on the charts. In the US, it was released two months later and also made the top 30. By May 1981, three more singles were released from the collection, namely; “One Man Woman”, “Take My Time” and “When He Shines”. With four of the singles reaching the top 20 in the UK (the title track reached",
"title": "Take My Time"
},
{
"id": "7245021",
"text": "while \"NME\" critics Roy Carr and Charles Shaar Murray have described the words as sounding \"strained and incomplete\", concluding that \"with such a weak lyric, the overly melodramatic music sounds faintly absurd\". The Japanese release featured \"Panic in Detroit\" on the B-side. Time (David Bowie song) \"Time\" is a song by David Bowie. Written in New Orleans in November 1972 during the American leg of the Ziggy Stardust Tour, it was recorded in London in January 1973 and released as the opening track on side two of the album \"Aladdin Sane\" that April. An edited version of the song supplanted",
"title": "Time (David Bowie song)"
}
] | who sang the song it's just a matter of time |
|
| [
{
"id": "2962083",
"text": "Honda Element The Honda Element is a compact crossover SUV manufactured by Honda using a modified CR-V platform and marketed in North America over a single generation for model years 2003-2011. Manufactured in East Liberty, Ohio, the Element was offered with front-wheel or all-wheel drive — and was noted for its boxy exterior styling with bi-parting side doors and its boxy, flexible interior layout. The Element followed a concept called \"Model X\" which was developed by a core group of Honda R&D engineers in 1998 and debuted at the 2001 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. The Model X",
"title": "Honda Element"
},
{
"id": "2962096",
"text": "top of the dog bed, as well as a zip-up fourth side to be secured after the dog is loaded. The package was dealer-installed and retails for $1,000. Honda Element The Honda Element is a compact crossover SUV manufactured by Honda using a modified CR-V platform and marketed in North America over a single generation for model years 2003-2011. Manufactured in East Liberty, Ohio, the Element was offered with front-wheel or all-wheel drive — and was noted for its boxy exterior styling with bi-parting side doors and its boxy, flexible interior layout. The Element followed a concept called \"Model X\"",
"title": "Honda Element"
},
{
"id": "2962085",
"text": "5500 rpm and of torque at 4500 rpm. Drive is either front-wheel drive or optionally, 4 wheel drive — via a hydraulically actuated on demand system that engages with front wheel slippage, marketed as \"Real Time\" 4 wheel drive. The Element has a towing capacity of 680 kg, or 1500 lbs. With projected first year sales of 50,000, the Element sold 67,478 units in 2003 in the U.S. By 2010, just over 14,000 were sold, and by December 2010, shortly before its discontinuation, production totaled approximately 325,000. In 2007, the Element won the Dogcars.com \"Dog Car of the Year\" award",
"title": "Honda Element"
},
{
"id": "12330845",
"text": "styling cues from the LaGreat and used them on a smaller vehicle. In June 2012, the Elysion was introduced to the Chinese market. Production of the Elysion was ceased in October 2013 in Japan, but continued to be assembled and sold in China. Honda was inspired to name the vehicle the \"Elysion\" from the classical Greek word Elysium, or heaven. The Elysion appeared at the Tokyo Motor Show, on October 2003 as the \"ASM\", and was released for sale on 13 May 2004. A mild body restyle was introduced 29 September 2005, introducing an \"Aero\" and \"VG Premium\" trim level.",
"title": "Honda Elysion"
},
{
"id": "14002749",
"text": "Honda Crosstour The Honda Crosstour (initially branded the Accord Crosstour) is a mid-size crossover SUV manufactured by Japanese automaker Honda. Sales began in November 2009 for the 2010 model year, and was discontinued for the 2016 model year due to slow sales, along with the Element (which was discontinued in the second year of the Crosstour). The Crosstour slotted below the Pilot in size in Honda's SUV lineup; the Crosstour was longer but had two rows of seating compared to the Pilot's three and had approximately 50cu ft less interior space. The Crosstour was a hatchback/wagon variation of the Accord",
"title": "Honda Crosstour"
},
{
"id": "2962086",
"text": "because of its \"versatile cargo space, easy-clean flooring, crate-friendly rear design and optional 4 wheel drive.\" and in 2010 it won the \"Small SUV\" category as a \"Top Safety Pick\" in the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Annual Awards. 2003: The 2003 Element was launched with two trim levels — DX and EX. All-wheel drive models came with a large rear moonroof. All trim levels came with a 160hp 2.4L K24A4 engine. Production and sales began in December 2002. 2004: A mid-range LX trim level between the DX and the premium EX trim levels. Side airbags became available as an",
"title": "Honda Element"
},
{
"id": "2962090",
"text": "2009-2011. 2010: For 2010, Honda Element offered LX, EX, EX with Navigation, and SC trim levels. All trim levels featured a 5-speed automatic transmissions. 2011: For 2011, the option of a navigation system and the sporty SC trim level have been dropped. The Royal Blue Pearl color was also eliminated. Honda discontinued the Element in early 2011. After a summer break, Honda returned to its \"Element and Friends\" ad campaign, using one of its characters, the crab, given the name Gil. The most popular character from the ads with his \"I Pinch!\" catch phrase, Gil had a myspace page to",
"title": "Honda Element"
},
{
"id": "2962084",
"text": "was designed to be an activity-oriented vehicle combining features of a pickup truck and a sport utility vehicle. The production Element debuted at the 2002 New York International Auto Show in March 2002. The interior features TPO-coated textured urethane; stain-resistant fabric; individually reclining and removeable rear seats that stow. The rear-hinged rear side doors can open only after the forward doors are opened. To accommodate elimination of the B-pillars, the chassis has reinforced joints, strengthened lower side sills, larger cross members, enlarged rocker panels, and five bulkheads per side. The 2.4 Litre K Engine, an i-VTEC four-cylinder engine produces at",
"title": "Honda Element"
},
{
"id": "2962087",
"text": "option on the EX models. 2005: The LX model featured revised front seats with a passenger seat armrest. The DX model was eliminated. XM satellite radio and MP3 capabilities were added as standard features in the audio system for the EX model. The charcoal gray plastic tone was darkened and a navy blue was offered with the Satin Silver Metallic paint. Wheel covers on the LX were changed to mimic the styled alloy wheels. Fuel economy was officially City, Highway; Combined 2006: A fully painted version called the EX-P became available for an extra US$500. It came with a 5-speed",
"title": "Honda Element"
},
{
"id": "2962089",
"text": "center console, and carpeted floors in the seating areas. Unlike the other trim packages, the SC had a non-removable center console. 2008: The only change from the 2007 Element was the addition of the color Royal Blue Pearl for the SC trim. 2009: New color combinations for the dashboard became available. For 2009, the Honda Element received an optional navigation system, outside temperature display and minor exterior revisions. The hood and grill were redesigned, the front fenders were now all metal rather than painted composite material, and the wheel arches were squared off. The moon-roof was no longer available for",
"title": "Honda Element"
},
{
"id": "2962088",
"text": "manual transmission or an optional 4-speed automatic transmission with overdrive. 2007: The 2007 Element received a mild refresh, which included 6 hp increase to 166 hp, along with a 5-speed automatic transmission, and seat belts integral to the front seats allowing rear-seat occupants to exit the vehicle without a front occupant having to unbuckle. Side airbags became standard, as did electronic stability control. The plastic latticework grille was replaced by silver-colored slats. A new trim level called the SC was offered with a different front bumper and grille, lowered suspension and 18-inch alloy wheels, projector headlamps, \"tribal print\" seat fabric,",
"title": "Honda Element"
},
{
"id": "20078969",
"text": "Kelly Hogan lends her voice to the song \"Blue Magic\", which plays in the episode \"Winter Light\". Throughout the miniseries, background voices are provided by Grey Griffin, Maria Bamford, Steve Little, and Dee Bradley Baker. \"Elements\" aired as part of the show's ninth season on Cartoon Network from April 24 to April 27, 2017. The miniseries premiered on Cartoon Network Australia on June 19, 2017 and concluded on June 23, 2017. \"Elements\" premiered on Cartoon Network UK on December 4, 2017 and concluded on December 7, 2017. The premiere episodes, \"Skyhooks\"/\"Bespoken For\", were collectively watched by 0.826 million viewers and",
"title": "Elements (miniseries)"
},
{
"id": "14922040",
"text": "Coupe, and the 1997 Acura CL coupe (1997), based heavily on the Accord platform. In the 2000s (decade), the company created two generations of the Honda Pilot and Acura MDX sport-utility vehicles; three generations of the Acura TL sedan; the Honda Element SUV; the 2006 Honda Ridgeline, Honda's first U.S. pickup truck; and the 2010 Acura ZDX crossover coupe. Both the 2001 MDX and 2006 Ridgeline earned recognition as North American Truck of the Year, as well as \"Motor Trend\" SUV of the Year (MDX) and Truck of the Year (Ridgeline), while the Pilot received five consecutive \"5 Best Truck\"",
"title": "American Honda Motor Company"
},
{
"id": "2962093",
"text": "TV spots that feature only the rat, mole, pigeon, and hamster. The format remains the same with new mini-games, but both maps now include a tunnel to venture above or below the surface, through the mountain and building respectively. Changes to the above ground include the removal of the previous TV spots from the website and a link on the beach to Gil's Myspace page. RPA, the company which created the Element and friends website, won the \"Best in Show\" from MIXX Awards for the microsite. They revealed that visitors average 15 minutes on the site. In 2007, the Honda",
"title": "Honda Element"
},
{
"id": "2962091",
"text": "chronicle Gil's trouble with the law. In order to tap into social networking sites, which began to play larger roles in ad campaigns in the mid-2000s, Gil was to maintain a blog and promote an online petition to save his job. and endorse Gil paraphernalia through a website. This led up to the launch of the new commercial dubbed Element TV, which premiered 28 September 2006, and rolled out with the new Honda Element SC which went on sale that same day. In the fall of 2006, the Element and Friends (https://web.archive.org/web/20080828161538/http://elementandfriends.com/ website, now defunct) was re-launched with the introduction",
"title": "Honda Element"
},
{
"id": "12330847",
"text": "to . For two-wheel drive vehicles, this was more power than that available in the Toyota Estima, which was quoted to be . This MPV was first seen as a concept car called Honda ASM at Tokyo Motor Show in late 2003 and finally made into a production half a year later with some cosmetic adjustments to its headlight, front grill and interior to make it more commercially friendly. Officially launched in mid-2004 for Japan domestic market. At 4840 mm, the length is identical as the 3.0L second-generation Odyssey RA6 or about 1 cm longer than current Camry. The 1830mm",
"title": "Honda Elysion"
},
{
"id": "2962094",
"text": "Element won the Dogcars.com's \"Dog Car of the Year\" award. Honda chose to follow up on that with a concept vehicle unveiled in 2009 New York Auto Show specifically designed for canine transportation. It included a pet restraint system, an extendable cargo area load-in ramp, a 12V DC rear ventilation fan, second-row seat covers with a simple beige dog-outline pattern design to match the bed cover fabric, all-season rubber floor mats with a toy bone pattern, a fan, and \"Dog Friendly\" exterior pawprint emblems. A spill-resistant water bowl, also included, could be placed into a nook in the corner of",
"title": "Honda Element"
},
{
"id": "20102813",
"text": "Element (song) \"Element\" (stylized as \"ELEMENT.\") is a song by American rapper Kendrick Lamar, from his fourth studio album \"Damn\", released on April 14, 2017. The fourth track on the album (eleventh on the \"Collector's Edition\" of \"Damn\"), the song was written by Lamar, Mark Spears, Sounwave, James Blake, and Ricci Riera and produced by Sounwave, Blake, and Riera, with additional production by Tae Beast and Bēkon. The song charted in multiple countries in 2017. The song was first introduced by basketball player LeBron James on his Instagram story when he filmed himself dancing to the song prior to \"Damn\"'s",
"title": "Element (song)"
},
{
"id": "12312099",
"text": "year this model was produced. The Honda Elite E was launched in the late 1980s. The Elite E shares the fixed-ratio transmission with its cousin the Honda Spree, rather than the CVT of the standard Elite and Dio models. Honda Elite The Honda Elite is a series of scooters manufactured by Honda since 1983. Honda currently makes the 2010 Elite. In 1984, Honda released its first four-stroke modern scooter, the Elite 125. Later, Honda introduced the four-stroke Elite 80 (model code CH80) in 1985. Production was moved from Japan to Mexico in 1991, and production ended in 2007. The Elite",
"title": "Honda Elite"
},
{
"id": "12330853",
"text": "up. All Elysions are equipped with ventilated 4-disk brakes with ABS and EBD. There are 6 different trim and grades plus 2 special AERO HDD editions. Three grade of 2.4L front-wheel-drive models are available, namely M, G and X. There are also three 3.0L front-wheel-drive models, VG, VX and VZ. Four-wheel-drive is optional on all models. Honda announced to introduce the Elysion to the Chinese market in 2012. The Elysion was launched on June 7, 2012. The vehicle comes with a 2.4L i-VTEC K24Z5 engine, 5-speed auto transmission and is assembled locally by Honda's Chinese Joint-venture Dongfeng Honda. It is",
"title": "Honda Elysion"
},
{
"id": "20102818",
"text": "has performed \"Element\" on the Damn tour. The song contains a sample of \"Ha\" by rapper Juvenile, from his third studio album \"400 Degreez\". Credits adapted from the official \"Damn\" digital booklet. Element (song) \"Element\" (stylized as \"ELEMENT.\") is a song by American rapper Kendrick Lamar, from his fourth studio album \"Damn\", released on April 14, 2017. The fourth track on the album (eleventh on the \"Collector's Edition\" of \"Damn\"), the song was written by Lamar, Mark Spears, Sounwave, James Blake, and Ricci Riera and produced by Sounwave, Blake, and Riera, with additional production by Tae Beast and Bēkon. The",
"title": "Element (song)"
},
{
"id": "12330854",
"text": "positioned as a corporate people-mover. The second generation Honda Elysion for the Chinese market based on the fifth generation Honda Odyssey was unveiled at the Guangzhou Auto Show 2015 on 20 November 2015, and launched on 9 January 2016. Honda Elysion The Honda Elysion () is a minivan with seven or eight seats that was initially sold only in Japan as a competitor to the Toyota Alphard and the Nissan Elgrand. It is related to the USA-spec Honda Odyssey but is not the same vehicle. One of the major differences from the previous generation JDM Honda Odyssey was that the",
"title": "Honda Elysion"
},
{
"id": "173593",
"text": "to California and Oregon. Production is limited to only 1,100 units over the first three years. A total of 1,007 units have been leased in the U.S. through September 2014. The Fit EV was released in Japan through leasing to local government and corporate customers in August 2012. Availability in the Japanese market is limited to 200 units during its first two years. In July 2014 Honda announced the end of production of the Fit EV for the 2015 model. The Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid was introduced in 2013 and has an all-electric range of Sales began in the U.S.",
"title": "Honda"
},
{
"id": "20094428",
"text": "2, 2017, to rhythmic contemporary radio. It was released to contemporary hit radio on November 21, 2017. The song peaked at number 11 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The music video for the song, \"DNA\", was released on April 18, 2017. The song entered at number four on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Lamar's second highest-charting song as a solo artist after \"Humble\". The music video for the song, \"Element\", was released on June 27, 2017. The song peaked at number 16 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Damn\" received widespread acclaim from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns",
"title": "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album)"
},
{
"id": "14922041",
"text": "awards from \"Car and Driver magazine\" (2003–2007). In model year 2010, one-third of the Honda and Acura models sold in the U.S. and five of the eight light-trucks were models developed by Honda R&D Americas. In September 2010, the third generation Honda Odyssey minivan was released as a 2011 model, the most recent vehicle developed by the company exclusively in the U.S. American Honda joined U.S. open-wheel racing competition with its entry into the Championship Auto Racing Teams (CART) series in 1992, following Honda's four consecutive Formula One World Championships, from 1988 to 1991. The company, under the auspices of",
"title": "American Honda Motor Company"
},
{
"id": "12330846",
"text": "13 January 2006 saw the introduction of the \"G Aero HDD Navi\" and \"VG HDD Navi Aero\" edition. Another styling change was introduced 21 December 2006, including an interior update. The Elysion was offered with either the 2.4 L DOHC direct injection K24A with i-VTEC producing or the 3.0 L SOHC J30A V6 i-VTEC producing . The V6 was also available with \"VCM\" or Variable Cylinder Management. The upper trim level \"Prestige\" model was available with the J35A V6 used in the Honda Legend, producing and available with AWD. However, vehicles equipped with AWD had the engine power was reduced",
"title": "Honda Elysion"
},
{
"id": "5846552",
"text": "States in 2015 as a 2016 model. It shares the same platform as the third-generation Fit and is largely identical to the Vezel, which went on sale in Japan in December 2013. HR-V will be smaller than both CR-V and Pilot, again (after the demise of Element) giving Honda a model range with three SUVs. The HR-V's body utilizes 27% ultra-high-strength steel grades, of either of 780, 980 or 1,500 MPa yield strength. The US-market HR-V is manufactured at Honda's Celaya, Mexico assembly plant alongside Fit and went on sale in May 2015 as a 2016 model. It is powered",
"title": "Honda HR-V"
},
{
"id": "3725997",
"text": "2015, which was later followed by \"Til The Day I Die\" on July 10, 2015, and \"Feel It\" on July 24, 2015. On November 3, 2017, he released \"Light of Christmas\". In January 2018, he released \"I Just Need U\", which debuted at No. 1 on the Hot Christian Songs chart, making the song TobyMac's sixth No. 1 single to top the chart. In July 2018, he released \"Everything\" as a single. In September 2018, he both announced his new album, \"The Elements\", and released \"Scars\" as a single. The album was released on October 12, 2018 and became his",
"title": "TobyMac"
},
{
"id": "2291440",
"text": "large sedan and one level below the Honda Legend. From 2014, Honda exports the Accord from China to the Middle and Near East, Africa, members of CIS, and others. The tenth generation Accord was unveiled on July 14, 2017. Production began on September 18, 2017, and sales began on October 18, 2017 in the United States as a 2018 model. It was also released in Canada on October 27, 2017. The vehicle is equipped with standard Honda Sensing on all models, and a base 1.5 L VTEC Turbo four-cylinder engine that produces and of torque, mated to a 6-speed manual",
"title": "Honda Accord"
},
{
"id": "15570670",
"text": "death rate in its class with 0 deaths per million registered years. Beginning with the 2013 model year all Odysseys came equipped with a rear-view backup camera. For 2014 the front crash structure was upgraded. The fifth generation Odyssey was unveiled at the 2017 North American International Auto Show in January. Sales began on May 25, 2017 as a 2018 model. A 10-speed automatic (Touring and Elite trim levels) produced at Honda Precision Parts Georgia (HPPG) is Honda's first use of a 10-speed transmission in a production automobile. Honda Manufacturing of Alabama (HMA) kicked off production of the fifth generation",
"title": "Honda Odyssey (North America)"
},
{
"id": "8451326",
"text": "to produce four distinct models: Civic, CR-V, MDX and ZDX from the same production line, demonstrating its flexibility and capability. On March 28, 2013, the last Acura MDX rolled off the assembly line in Alliston. Production was moved to Honda's Alabama plant. Since 2000 (2001 model year), a total of 713,158 MDXs were manufactured at HCM. Honda of Canada Manufacturing now builds Civics and CR-Vs only. Discontinued Models: Honda Accord (1986–88), Honda Odyssey, Honda Pilot, Honda Ridgeline (2004-2009), Acura CSX (2005–11), Acura EL (1996-2005), Acura MDX, and Acura ZDX. Honda of Canada Manufacturing Honda of Canada Manufacturing () is located",
"title": "Honda of Canada Manufacturing"
},
{
"id": "14002753",
"text": "sales. Final production date was August 31, 2015. Another factor in Honda's decision is to free up space on the production line for the CR-V, Acura RDX and also the Acura MDX in 2017. The 2013 Crosstour was available with a Forward Collision and Lane Departure Warning Systems. A rear-view backup camera was standard on all 2012 models, a more sophisticated rear camera with wide and top view angles was optional. Excluding the base EX trim a new LaneWatch camera mounted in the passenger side mirror was standard on 2013 models. Honda Crosstour The Honda Crosstour (initially branded the Accord",
"title": "Honda Crosstour"
},
{
"id": "12312096",
"text": "Honda Elite The Honda Elite is a series of scooters manufactured by Honda since 1983. Honda currently makes the 2010 Elite. In 1984, Honda released its first four-stroke modern scooter, the Elite 125. Later, Honda introduced the four-stroke Elite 80 (model code CH80) in 1985. Production was moved from Japan to Mexico in 1991, and production ended in 2007. The Elite 80 had a 23 model year run with only minor changes. Honda released its first mid-sized four-stroke scooter onto the western market in the spring of 1984. The Elite 125 (CH125) continued Honda's trend of shifting from two-stroke engines",
"title": "Honda Elite"
},
{
"id": "2062400",
"text": "Honda Integra The Honda Integra is an automobile produced by Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda from 1986 to 2006. It succeeded the Honda Quint as a more luxurious and sport-oriented derivative of the Civic. The Integra was one of the launch models for Acura in the US in 1986. Throughout its life, the Integra was highly regarded for its handling and performance. The Integra Type R is widely regarded as the best front wheel drive car of all time. \"Car and Driver\" magazine named the Integra to its annual Ten Best list six times: in 1987, 1988, and 1994 through 1997.",
"title": "Honda Integra"
},
{
"id": "14922025",
"text": "American Honda Motor Company The American Honda Motor Company, Inc. (sometimes abbreviated as AHM) is a North American subsidiary of the Honda Motor Company, Ltd. It was founded in 1959. The company combines product sales, service and coordinating functions of Honda in North America, and is responsible for distribution, marketing and sales of Honda and Acura brand automobiles, Honda power sports products, including motorcycles, scooters and all-terrain vehicles, and Honda power equipment products, including lawnmowers, tillers, string trimmers, generators, small displacement general-purpose engines and marine outboard engines. Honda-brand automobile models include the Accord, Civic, CR-V, HR-V, Element, Clarity Fuel Cell,",
"title": "American Honda Motor Company"
},
{
"id": "10671096",
"text": "Japanese carmaker, launched a new compact SUV on the Jazz platform called WRV in March 2017. 2017March ended revenue touches 16,870crore,First profit 360crore after 6 years losses. Sedan Of The Year - Honda City Honda Cars India Honda Cars India Ltd (HCIL) is a subsidiary of Honda of Japan for the production, marketing and export of passenger cars in India. Formerly known as Honda Siel Cars India Ltd, it began operations in 1995 as a joint venture between Honda Motor Company and Usha International of Siddharth Shriram Group. In August, 2012, Honda bought out Usha International's entire 3.16 percent stake",
"title": "Honda Cars India"
},
{
"id": "15570665",
"text": "was dropped for the 2010 model year, which also saw a SE Odyssey NHL edition replace the EX (being identical to the 2008-09 EX in all respects but with a rear entertainment system and NHL badges). For the 2010 model year, the DVD rear entertainment system is now available on the EX-L trim and while it is still standard on the Touring. Honda presented the 2011 Odyssey Concept in early 2010 at the Chicago Auto Show and officially on June 17; with a larger, wider body, a lower roofline and revised styling. A Touring Elite model became available. Compared to",
"title": "Honda Odyssey (North America)"
},
{
"id": "173547",
"text": "the company's successful participation in Formula One after the 1992 season, citing costs in light of the takeover threat from Mitsubishi as well as the desire to create a more environmentally friendly company image. The Honda Aircraft Company was established in 1995, as a wholly owned subsidiary; its goal was to produce jet aircraft under Honda's name. On 23 February 2015, Honda announced that CEO and President Takanobu Ito would step down and be replaced by Takahiro Hachigo by June; additional retirements by senior managers and directors were expected. Honda is headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Their shares trade on",
"title": "Honda"
},
{
"id": "173565",
"text": "2007 with 6.4 million units. By 2010 this figure had decreased to 4,7 million units. Cumulative production of power products has exceeded 85 million units (as of September 2008). Honda power equipment includes: Honda engines powered the entire 33-car starting field of the 2010 Indianapolis 500 and for the fifth consecutive race, there were no engine-related retirements during the running of the Memorial Day Classic. In the 1980s Honda developed the GY6 engine for use in motor scooters. Although no longer manufactured by Honda it is still commonly used in many Chinese, Korean and Taiwanese light vehicles. Honda, despite being",
"title": "Honda"
},
{
"id": "15570669",
"text": "(FCW) and Lane Departure Warning (LDW) are also available while a single-angle backup camera with dynamic guidelines became standard equipment. The models for 2014 include the LX, the EX, the EX w/ Leather (EX-L), the Touring, and the Touring Elite. The SE trim positioned between EX and EX-L, was initially limited to the Canadian market but is available in the US as of the 2016 model year. New exterior paint colors were made available in 2014, as are new interior fabrics and trim pieces. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) found the Odyssey to have the lowest overall driver",
"title": "Honda Odyssey (North America)"
},
{
"id": "2291441",
"text": "or continuously variable transmission (CVT). The optional 2.0 L VTEC Turbo four-cylinder engine, which replaced the V6 engine option, was available beginning December 2017. This engine is based on the design of the engine offered in the Civic Type R, but with a smaller turbocharger and more conventional camshaft. The engine, which produced and of torque is mated to a 6-speed manual or 10-speed automatic transmission. With this generation, the Accord is now exclusively offered as a four-door sedan, the coupe variant being discontinued. The ASEAN (Southeast Asian) market tenth-generation Accord debuted at the Thailand International Motor Expo on 28",
"title": "Honda Accord"
},
{
"id": "173594",
"text": "in January 2013 and the plug-in hybrid is available only in California and New York. A total of 835 units have been sold in the U.S. through September 2014. The Accord PHEV was introduced in Japan in June 2013 and is available only for leasing, primarily to corporations and government agencies. Starting in 1978, Honda in Japan decided to diversify its sales distribution channels and created Honda Verno, which sold established products with a higher content of standard equipment and a more sporting nature. The establishment of \"Honda Verno\" coincided with its new sports compact, the Honda Prelude. Later, the",
"title": "Honda"
},
{
"id": "18114191",
"text": "Stradale at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show. In 2012–2013, towards the end of its production, subsequent limited editions of the Gallardo would be released, including the Sesto Elemento (Sixth Element), a limited edition car based on the Gallardo Super Leggera with a newly designed body and aesthetics for track use only. Production of the Gallardo ended on 25 November 2013, after 14,022 had been produced. At the time of its discontinuation, the Gallardo was the highest selling Lamborghini model, with almost half of all Lamborghini automobiles ever produced being Gallardos. The Gallardo's replacement, the Huracán LP610-4, was announced in December",
"title": "History of Lamborghini"
},
{
"id": "19438339",
"text": "June 2016. Honda Winner The Honda Winner is an underbone motorcycle from the Japanese manufacturer Honda. It was launched in April 2016 in Vietnam. It was also launched in May 2016 in Indonesia as the Supra GTR. In June 2016, the bike was launched in Malaysia as the RS150R. The engine is shared with the 2015 Sonic 150R, 2015 CB150R (StreetFire), and 2016 CBR150R. With the engine producing , it makes the Winner as the fastest and most powerful 4-stroke underbone model ever offered by Honda, alongside with Sonic. Some performance tests listed here were conducted by \"Otomotif\" tabloid from",
"title": "Honda Winner"
},
{
"id": "12330851",
"text": "projector HID Xenon headlight. At launch, two choices of engines are available. The 2.4L i-VTEC K24A that is used in the current Odyssey produces about 160 horses and 22.2 kg-m of torque. With virtually the same specs and gear ratios, it behaves and drives very similar to the current Odyssey and sips about 10,2 km/l in 10–15 Japan standard test (3 times variable city driving stop and go and 1 time highway driving with 120 kg extra weight of two passengers and without a/c). The compression ratio of 9.7 couples with an anti-knocking sensor and intelligent timing control makes it",
"title": "Honda Elysion"
},
{
"id": "2291435",
"text": "end of February 2015 for Australia and New Zealand spec models. It is expected there will be enough stock to last until the end of 2015. Sales in Europe was discontinued in 2015. In Europe, the car maintained the 2.0 and 2.4 i-VTEC gasoline (upped to 156 and 198BHP respectively), whilst a new 2.2 i-DTEC diesel engine provided 147BHP/ 258 ft/lbs in standard trim levels, and 177BHP/ 280 ft/lbs in Type-S sports trim level. This allowed the Accord to go 0–100 in 8.5 seconds, and still do 50MPG on the EU Combined cycle. The North American version of the Accord",
"title": "Honda Accord"
},
{
"id": "13988754",
"text": "announced a recall of 573,147 Accords in the U.S. and 30,058 in Canada equipped with V6 engines from model years 2003 through 2007. The addition of the Accords to already recalled Acura TL cars from model years 2007 and 2008 raises the number of affected vehicles in the United States and Canada to 660,086. Recall 14v-351 was initiated on June 19, 2014 for many Hondas involved in the Takata airbag recall. Honda Accord (North America seventh generation) In the U.S., the seventh generation North American Honda Accord is a mid-size car that was available from 2002 to 2007 in both",
"title": "Honda Accord (North America seventh generation)"
},
{
"id": "20275502",
"text": "the Japanese Domestic Market in 2017, after a seven-year hiatus that entirely skipped the ninth generation. The tenth generation Civic line was unveiled in Japan on July 27, 2017 and sales began there on September 29, 2017. It is available in both sedan and hatchback forms. Honda Automobile Thailand debuted the Civic on 12 March 2016. Choices include E, El, Turbo and Turbo RS, redeveloped 1.8-litre naturally aspirated with i-VTEC technology that produces and of torque and the new 1.5-litre VTEC TURBO produces and of torque, achieved with the employment of turbocharger, and unlike North American models, it is equipped",
"title": "Honda Civic (tenth generation)"
},
{
"id": "173548",
"text": "the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange, as well as exchanges in Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Kyoto, Fukuoka, London, Paris and Switzerland. The company has assembly plants around the globe. These plants are located in China, the United States, Pakistan, Canada, England, Japan, Belgium, Brazil, México, New Zealand, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Turkey, Taiwan, Perú and Argentina. As of July 2010, 89 percent of Honda and Acura vehicles sold in the United States were built in North American plants, up from 82.2 percent a year earlier. This shields profits from the yen's advance to a 15-year",
"title": "Honda"
},
{
"id": "1271080",
"text": "drivers. 2014 model year 2015 model year 2016 model year Acura Acura () is the luxury vehicle marque of Japanese automaker Honda. The brand was launched in the United States and Canada on 27 March 1986, marketing luxury, performance, and high-performance vehicles. It was introduced to Hong Kong in 1991, Mexico in 2004, China in 2006, Russia in 2014 (no longer available in Russia) and Kuwait in 2015, and is also sold in Ukraine. Honda's plan to introduce Acura to the Japanese domestic market (JDM) in 2008 was delayed, due to economic reasons, and later withheld as a result of",
"title": "Acura"
},
{
"id": "19717549",
"text": "Honda Accord (ninth generation) The ninth generation Honda Accord is a mid-size car introduced in 2012 by Honda, and received a refreshed front fascia, grill, head lights, rear lights, and alloy wheel designs for the 2016 model year. With the discontinuation of smaller European and Japanese market Accord in 2015, the larger North American Accord became the only version in production, with the Hybrid version taking over as the flagship of Honda's automotive product in many markets that once received the smaller Accord. For the ninth-generation Accord, Honda appointed Shoji Matsui, who served as an engineer on the Accord platform",
"title": "Honda Accord (ninth generation)"
},
{
"id": "15570671",
"text": "Odyssey on April 26, 2017. Compared to its predecessor, the fifth generation Honda Odyssey is longer, narrower, taller and share the same wheelbase. The body is constructed using ultra-high-strength steel, aluminum and magnesium that minimizes weight to up to and improves body rigidity up to 44% from the previous generation. Available trim levels follow the outgoing model in the LX, EX, EX-L, Touring, and Touring Elite trims. The fifth generation Odyssey introduced options including an array of active safety systems packaged under Honda Sensing as standard along with Forward Collision Warning (FCW) and Lane Departure Warning (LDW) available from EX-L",
"title": "Honda Odyssey (North America)"
},
{
"id": "2288900",
"text": "exhaust system. A Canadian only Acura model received a new nameplate, changing from the Acura EL to the Acura CSX. The end of this model generation also marked a hiatus of the Civic Type R in Japan, with no successor model until the later tenth generation, going on sale mid-2017. On 13 December 2010, Honda unveiled a sketch of the new ninth-generation Civic which was described as \"energetic, sleek and aerodynamic.\" Both coupe and sedan concepts were shown on 10 January 2011 at the 2011 North American International Auto Show. The production version of the ninth-generation Civic (previewed by the",
"title": "Honda Civic"
},
{
"id": "173592",
"text": "cars, not battery cars. The all-electric Honda EV Plus was introduced in 1997 as a result of CARB's zero-emissions vehicle mandate and was available only for leasing in California. The EV plus was the first battery electric vehicle from a major automaker with non-lead–acid batteries The EV Plus had an all-electric range of . Around 276 units were sold in the U.S. and production ended in 1999. The all-electric Honda Fit EV was introduced in 2012 and has a range of . The all-electric car was launched in the U.S. to retail customers in July 2012 with initial availability limited",
"title": "Honda"
},
{
"id": "20275504",
"text": "Thailand for to allow competitive pricing structures. The tenth generation Civic sedan was launched on 7 April 2016 at the 24th Indonesia International Motor Show in Jakarta by Honda Prospect Motor. It uses the newer 1.5 L \"L15B7\" I4 i-VTEC engine with a turbocharger. The hatchback was also launched on 9 June 2017, and uses the same engine as the sedan, and is available in S and E types with a CVT transmission only. Honda Atlas revealed the model for Pakistan on 22 July 2016. At the time of launch, three variants were offered, the: i-VTEC, i-VTEC Oriel and VTEC",
"title": "Honda Civic (tenth generation)"
},
{
"id": "173567",
"text": "truck and SUV segment for both the Acura and Honda brands, but this was cancelled in late 2008, with Honda citing environmental and worldwide economic conditions as reasons for the termination of this project. ASIMO is the part of Honda's Research & Development robotics program. It is the eleventh in a line of successive builds starting in 1986 with Honda E0 moving through the ensuing Honda E series and the Honda P series. Weighing 54 kilograms and standing 130 centimeters tall, ASIMO resembles a small astronaut wearing a backpack, and can walk on two feet in a manner resembling human",
"title": "Honda"
},
{
"id": "3580961",
"text": "India on 14 February 2017, in Malaysia on 2 March 2017, and in Indonesia on 16 March 2017. The City was introduced in Brazil as its second generation there in 2014, following the current Fit, both produced at the Sumare plant. Only the 1.5-litre flex fuel (ethanol/petrol) engine is available, with manual and CVT transmissions. Direct injection is not used. In China, Honda City(鋒範) is manufactured by Guangzhou Honda, where there is another derived model Greiz (哥瑞), manufactured by Dongfeng Honda, with different body lines, front and rear fascias. Another derivative called the Honda Gienia (竞瑞) is the Honda City",
"title": "Honda City"
},
{
"id": "2705713",
"text": "home.\" The navigation system features an touchscreen LCD, which allows for easy viewing of the road ahead. The JDM Honda Inspire debuted around four and a half months earlier (on June 11, 2003) and marked the branching out of the TL line from the Inspire. The Inspire is basically a seventh-generation US-market Honda Accord V6 with minor trim changes, and the addition of Variable Cylinder Management, which shuts off half of the engine when not needed to boost fuel economy. The Saber was discontinued and the new Inspire is being sold at Clio, Primo, and Verno dealerships. The TL became",
"title": "Acura TL"
},
{
"id": "69100",
"text": "February 2010. The heaviest element that is believed to have been synthesized to date is element 118, oganesson, on 9 October 2006, by the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions in Dubna, Russia. Tennessine, element 117 was the latest element claimed to be discovered, in 2009. On 28 November 2016, scientists at the IUPAC officially recognized the names for four of the newest chemical elements, with atomic numbers 113, 115, 117, and 118. The following sortable table shows the 118 known chemical elements. Chemical element A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their",
"title": "Chemical element"
},
{
"id": "20244570",
"text": "is representative of the show on November 3, 2017. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the tour. 4:44 Tour The 4:44 Tour was a concert tour by Jay-Z, in support of his thirteenth studio album \"\" (2017). The tour began in Anaheim at the Honda Center on October 27, 2017, and concluded on December 21, 2017, in Inglewood at The Forum. Vic Mensa was the opening act for the whole tour. Jay Z's North American run of his 4:44 Tour grossed $48,698,354 over the course of 32 dates. 426,441 tickets were sold in that span, with",
"title": "4:44 Tour"
},
{
"id": "4441849",
"text": "March, 1990 the bumpers were enlarged to give the car a length of , and the engine was enlarged to 656 cc. By April 1990, came a permanent four-wheel drive version with an independent rear axle. The second generation Today was introduced in 1993 and was designed around passenger comfort, unlike the more utilitarian original model. The original commercial model, called \"Today Pro\" some years, was kept in production in parallel until 1998, when kei car regulations were changed. In January 1993, a redesigned Honda Today was announced. The car did not have a hatchback; in its place was a",
"title": "Honda Today"
},
{
"id": "2291439",
"text": "pertaining to the 2013 Accord sedan, and production versions of both the sedan and coupe were fully unveiled in early September 2012. The Accord sedan went on sale on 19 September 2012 in the United States, with the coupe following on 15 October. Corresponding release dates in Canada for the sedan and coupe models are 24 September 2012 and 1 November 2012, respectively. In February 2013, the Accord was scheduled to enter the Russian market. In June 2013, the Accord hybrid and plug-in hybrid were introduced to the Japanese market, with the discontinuation of the Honda Inspire, serving as Honda's",
"title": "Honda Accord"
},
{
"id": "15570689",
"text": "than the Japan-market Odyssey. In Saudi Arabia, the JDM Odyssey was introduced in 2015 as Honda Odyssey J, while Odyssey continues with its original name. The fifth generation Odyssey is also a basis for the second generation Honda Elysion for the Chinese market, but with a different front mask, and adopts a design resembling the Honda Legend. The Odyssey-based Elysion was launched in China on 9 January 2016. In December 2017 the fifth generation Odyssey was given a face-lift and refreshed with a range of driver’s assistances featuring adaptive cruise control, forward collision warning, collision mitigation braking system, lane departure",
"title": "Honda Odyssey (international)"
},
{
"id": "10649432",
"text": "Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India, Private Limited (HMSI) is the wholly owned Indian subsidiary of Honda Motor Company, Limited, Japan. Founded in 1999, it was the fourth Honda automotive venture in India, after Kinetic Honda Motor Ltd (1984-1998), Hero Honda (1984-2011) and Honda Siel Cars India (1995-2012). HMSI was established in 1999 at Manesar, District Gurgaon, Haryana. Currently HMSI has four manufacturing locations at Manesar in Haryana, Tapukara in Rajasthan, Narsapura, Kolar in Karnataka and Vithalpur, NW of Ahmedabad. Scooter -exclusive plant in Gujarat. Its facility in Narsapura is the largest amongst its four locations",
"title": "Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India"
},
{
"id": "173576",
"text": "came back as an official engine supplier to British American Racing (BAR) and Jordan Grand Prix. Honda bought a stake in the BAR team in 2004 before buying the team outright at the end of 2005, becoming a constructor for the first time since the 1960s. Honda won the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix with driver Jenson Button. It was announced on 5 December 2008, that Honda would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the 2008 global economic crisis. The team was sold to former team principal Ross Brawn, renamed Brawn GP and subsequently Mercedes. Honda became an",
"title": "Honda"
},
{
"id": "311753",
"text": "it is relatively easy to predict the chemical properties of an element if one knows the properties of the elements around it. , the periodic table has 118 confirmed elements, from element 1 (hydrogen) to 118 (oganesson). Elements 113, 115, 117 and 118, the most recent discoveries, were officially confirmed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in December 2015. Their proposed names, nihonium (Nh), moscovium (Mc), tennessine (Ts) and oganesson (Og) respectively, were announced by the IUPAC in June 2016 and made official in November 2016. The first 94 elements occur naturally; the remaining 24, americium",
"title": "Periodic table"
},
{
"id": "173550",
"text": "Siew Honda in Malaysia and Honda Atlas in Pakistan. Following the Japanese earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 Honda announced plans to halve production at its UK plants. The decision was made to put staff at the Swindon plant on a 2-day week until the end of May as the manufacturer struggled to source supplies from Japan. It's thought around 22,500 cars were produced during this period. For the fiscal year 2018, Honda reported earnings of US$9.534 billion, with an annual revenue of US$138.250 billion, an increase of 6.2% over the previous fiscal cycle. Honda's shares traded at over $32",
"title": "Honda"
},
{
"id": "13390270",
"text": "system shuts off the engine and conserved power from the electric motor is utilized. This minimizes vibration of the car body and saves fuel when the engine is idling. When the brakes are released, the electric motor will restart the engine. Among the Honda car models that are using IMA: Honda J-VX (model 1997 concept car) Honda Insight (model 1999-2006, 2010–2014) Honda Dualnote (model 2001 concept car) Honda Civic Hybrid (model 2003–2016) Honda Accord Hybrid (model 2005-2007) Honda CR-Z (model 2009–2016) After studying various all-wheel and four wheel drive systems offered by the wide variety of pickups on the market",
"title": "Honda advanced technology"
},
{
"id": "173558",
"text": "Japan to more than 20% of its total sales in fiscal year 2011, from 14.8% in previous year. Five of United States Environmental Protection Agency's top ten most fuel-efficient cars from 1984 to 2010 comes from Honda, more than any other automakers. The five models are: 2000–2006 Honda Insight ( combined), 1986–1987 Honda Civic Coupe HF ( combined), 1994–1995 Honda Civic hatchback VX ( combined), 2006– Honda Civic Hybrid ( combined), and 2010– Honda Insight ( combined). The ACEEE has also rated the Civic GX as the greenest car in America for seven consecutive years. Honda is the largest motorcycle",
"title": "Honda"
},
{
"id": "173538",
"text": "marine engines, personal watercraft and power generators, and other products. Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial intelligence/robotics research and released their ASIMO robot in 2000. They have also ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GE Honda Aero Engines in 2004 and the Honda HA-420 HondaJet, which began production in 2012. Honda has three joint-ventures in China (Honda China, Dongfeng Honda, and Guangqi Honda). In 2013, Honda invested about 5.7% (US$6.8 billion) of its revenues in research and development. Also in 2013, Honda became the first Japanese automaker to be a net exporter from the United States, exporting",
"title": "Honda"
},
{
"id": "17922928",
"text": "Naming of chemical elements Chemical elements may be named from various sources: sometimes based on the person who discovered it, or the place it was discovered. Some have Latin or Greek roots deriving from something related to the element, for example some use to which it may have been put. All 118 discovered elements are confirmed and have a formal name and symbol, as decided by IUPAC. The last four names and symbols were added on November 28, 2016. Incidentally, at this moment there are no unconfirmed discoveries and all seven periods (rows) of the periodic table are completed. Element",
"title": "Naming of chemical elements"
},
{
"id": "19438338",
"text": "Honda Winner The Honda Winner is an underbone motorcycle from the Japanese manufacturer Honda. It was launched in April 2016 in Vietnam. It was also launched in May 2016 in Indonesia as the Supra GTR. In June 2016, the bike was launched in Malaysia as the RS150R. The engine is shared with the 2015 Sonic 150R, 2015 CB150R (StreetFire), and 2016 CBR150R. With the engine producing , it makes the Winner as the fastest and most powerful 4-stroke underbone model ever offered by Honda, alongside with Sonic. Some performance tests listed here were conducted by \"Otomotif\" tabloid from Indonesia in",
"title": "Honda Winner"
},
{
"id": "4344932",
"text": "below) as the engine itself was refined. This was the last CVCC configuration engine manufactured by Honda. <br> USAGE:<br> 1979-1983 Honda Accord CVCC (US market)<br> 1979-1982 Honda Prelude CVCC (US market)<br> 1981-1983 Honda Accord/Vigor (JDM) EK9 is not related to the EK engine - EK9 is simply the chassis code for 1996-2000 Honda Civic Hatchbacks. The EL displaced and was an SOHC eight-valve engine with a two-barrel carburetor. Output in North American configuration is 78 hp (55 kW) at 5,000 rpm and 97 lb·ft (125 N·m) at 3,000 rpm. The EN displaced . It had a single overhead cam and",
"title": "Honda E engine"
},
{
"id": "2649803",
"text": "It was also launched in Japan on December 13, 2018 and went on sale on the next day. Honda Insight The Honda Insight is a hybrid electric vehicle that was manufactured and marketed by Honda in its first generation as a three-door, two passenger hatchback (1999–2006) and in its second generation as a five-door, five passenger liftback (2009–2014). In its third generation, it became a four-door sedan (2019-present). It was the Honda's first model with Integrated Motor Assist system and the most fuel efficient gasoline-powered car available in the U.S. without plug-in capability — for the length of its production",
"title": "Honda Insight"
},
{
"id": "3694816",
"text": "Limited, King Ranch and Platinum. The Limited added Sony's Premium Audio System as a standard. In June 2016, Ford began selling the 2017 model year Expedition, with no major changes being made and continued to be offered in XLT, Limited, King Ranch, and Platinum level trims. This is the final year of the third generation Expedition and Expedition EL (U324) and (U354) The fourth-generation Expedition, known internally at Ford Motor Company as the \"U553\", was unveiled on February 7, 2017 at the Dallas Cowboys training facility, Ford Center in Frisco, Texas, ahead of its Chicago Auto Show debut. Production of",
"title": "Ford Expedition"
},
{
"id": "2962092",
"text": "of the new Element SC trim. The previous version had the driving game using the Element EX-P (now simply called the EX) in a desert, snow topped mountains, forests, and a beach. They now renamed that area \"above ground\". A new second option from the main page allows you to select the Element SC to go \"underground\" in an urbanesque environment featuring a drive-in, central park with a basketball court, a seedy mainstreet, and project housing. The six new SC friends include a rat, mole, hamster, pigeon, roach, and a dog. The drive-in serves as the venue to view the",
"title": "Honda Element"
},
{
"id": "4765029",
"text": "Honda Concerto The Honda Concerto is an automobile co-developed by Honda and the Austin Rover Group. Based on the fourth generation (ED, EE, EF) Honda Civic it was introduced in Japan on 15 June 1988, while the British-built European-market version was introduced in October 1989. The production lasted until October 1992 in Japan and 1994 in England. Named for the musical composition, and primarily designed for European tastes, the Concerto was the successor to the second generation Honda Ballade (which was a higher specification third generation Civic sedan), and the Honda Integra which was discontinued for the European Market owing",
"title": "Honda Concerto"
},
{
"id": "20102815",
"text": "diss Drake and Big Sean. The second verse as follows: The song features production from musician and producer James Blake, who before \"Element\" appeared as a featured vocalist on American singer Beyoncé's song \"Forward\" from her sixth studio album \"Lemonade\" and as a producer on singer Frank Ocean's second studio album \"Blonde\". Ricci Riera, who previously worked as a producer on the Lamar-Schoolboy Q collaboration \"Collard Greens\", also worked as producer for the song. The song's accompanying music video premiered on June 27, 2017 on Lamar's Vevo channel on YouTube. The video was directed by Jonas Lindstroem and The Little",
"title": "Element (song)"
},
{
"id": "173577",
"text": "official works team in the British Touring Car Championship in 2010. Honda made an official announcement on 16 May 2013 that it planned to re-enter into Formula One in 2015 as an engine supplier to McLaren. On 15 September 2017, after a winless campaign spanning three seasons without yielding a single podium and achieving a best finish of fifth place, McLaren announced their divorce from Honda, with the latter going on to sign a multi-year deal to supply Toro Rosso, the junior team of Red Bull Racing. Honda Racing Corporation (HRC) was formed in 1982. The company combines participation in",
"title": "Honda"
},
{
"id": "20244569",
"text": "4:44 Tour The 4:44 Tour was a concert tour by Jay-Z, in support of his thirteenth studio album \"\" (2017). The tour began in Anaheim at the Honda Center on October 27, 2017, and concluded on December 21, 2017, in Inglewood at The Forum. Vic Mensa was the opening act for the whole tour. Jay Z's North American run of his 4:44 Tour grossed $48,698,354 over the course of 32 dates. 426,441 tickets were sold in that span, with about $1.5 million grossed per show. On July 10, 2017, Jay-Z announced 32 tour dates across North America. This set list",
"title": "4:44 Tour"
},
{
"id": "19717569",
"text": "engines in Canada; U.S. Touring models are equipped with the V6 engine exclusively. Honda Accord (ninth generation) The ninth generation Honda Accord is a mid-size car introduced in 2012 by Honda, and received a refreshed front fascia, grill, head lights, rear lights, and alloy wheel designs for the 2016 model year. With the discontinuation of smaller European and Japanese market Accord in 2015, the larger North American Accord became the only version in production, with the Hybrid version taking over as the flagship of Honda's automotive product in many markets that once received the smaller Accord. For the ninth-generation Accord,",
"title": "Honda Accord (ninth generation)"
},
{
"id": "2288901",
"text": "concept) went on sale in the U.S. on 20 April 2011. In late 2012, Honda updated its Civic model with new exterior and interior trims for the 2013 year. Honda's Eco Assist technology is added to most models, and became the first gasoline-only powered Honda to employ such technology in North America. It is an information system to help the driver adopt a more fuel-efficient driving style, and is proven to improve fuel economy by about 10% for Honda's hybrid vehicle in Japan. All models now come standard with ABS (Anti-Lock Brake Systems), VSA (Vehicle Stability Assistance) and EBD (Electronic",
"title": "Honda Civic"
},
{
"id": "19981734",
"text": "Champion. The MCL32 made its competitive début at the 2017 Australian Grand Prix and is the first car built by McLaren since the McLaren M30—which contested part of the season—that does not contain the \"MP4\" prefix as part of its chassis name. The change was introduced following CEO Ron Dennis's departure from the team's parent company, the McLaren Technology Group, in November 2016. This was the last McLaren car to be fitted with a Honda engine as it was replaced by Renault engines from the 2018 season onwards. After an improvement the previous year, 2017 was another terrible season for",
"title": "McLaren MCL32"
},
{
"id": "19747802",
"text": "selected by ESPN to be one of the three songs used in March 2016 as part of Gray being an ‘ESPN Artist of the Month’. The track was featured all month on ESPN programming. Next, it was used as the theme song for Honda’s 2016 Civic Coupe commercial entitled #AnotherMilestone. It was also used by HBO’s \"Ballers\" in the commercial promoting episode 2 of the second season. ESPN used the song once again during its live ESPY Awards telecast in July 2016 during the final award of the evening, Male Athlete of the Year, won by LeBron James. It was",
"title": "Stop Me (Christon Gray Song)"
},
{
"id": "2815478",
"text": "impact protection. A cabin air filter, also known as a pollen filter is introduced with this generation and is located behind the glove compartment for all vehicles sold internationally. The Honda Saber was discontinued April 2003 along with the consolidation of the Honda Japan sales networks Primo, Clio and Verno. The fourth generation was introduced June 18, 2003. This vehicle was built at the Saitama Prefecture facility in Sayama, Japan. The bodystyle and appearance was aligned with the North American Accord. This is the first vehicle that showcases Honda's \"VCM\" technology, on the 3.0 L J30A V6 with i-VTEC with",
"title": "Honda Inspire"
},
{
"id": "20275498",
"text": "vehicle was unveiled at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show, the production version was unveiled at the 2016 Paris Motor Show. The hatchback is developed jointly by Honda R&D teams in Europe and Japan, and manufactured in its Swindon, England plant. US models went on sale in September 2016 (2017 MY). Early US models only come with a 1.5-liter turbo engine of either with a CVT. European models are set to go on sale in Spring 2017. Early models included choice of 3 engines (1.0-liter and 1.5-liter turbo, 1.6-liter diesel all with CVT). The Civic Si Prototype was unveiled in November",
"title": "Honda Civic (tenth generation)"
},
{
"id": "15570687",
"text": "225NM. Direct-injection is added in the range-topping Absolute variant which increases output to 190PS and 237NM. The 2.4L Earth Dreams engine provides class-leading fuel economy of as calculated from Japan's JC08 mode test cycle. In Japan and some Asian markets, the fifth-generation Odyssey replaced the large MPV Honda Elysion which ceased production in 2013 for JDM and some Asian markets but continues to be sold in China. This current model also replaced the Elysion to compete against Toyota Alphard and Nissan Elgrand in the full-size luxury MPV category. Plug-in hybrid launched in 2016 in Japan. Honda has given the Sport",
"title": "Honda Odyssey (international)"
},
{
"id": "1271040",
"text": "Acura Acura () is the luxury vehicle marque of Japanese automaker Honda. The brand was launched in the United States and Canada on 27 March 1986, marketing luxury, performance, and high-performance vehicles. It was introduced to Hong Kong in 1991, Mexico in 2004, China in 2006, Russia in 2014 (no longer available in Russia) and Kuwait in 2015, and is also sold in Ukraine. Honda's plan to introduce Acura to the Japanese domestic market (JDM) in 2008 was delayed, due to economic reasons, and later withheld as a result of the 2008 financial crisis. Acura holds the distinction of being",
"title": "Acura"
},
{
"id": "3580956",
"text": "America from September 2009. Since March 2011, with the opening of a new factory, the Honda City began to be manufactured in Argentina. It is the first car built by Honda in Argentina (and the first Japanese passenger car made in Argentina) and will be exported to all the countries in South America alongside with the Citys built in the Brazilian Sumaré plant. As of July 2016 Pakistan is the only country where this model still remains in production and available with 1.3L and 1.5L engines. Honda cars India has now officially announced the launch of the much anticipated Honda",
"title": "Honda City"
},
{
"id": "2062430",
"text": "entirely new engine, the K-series. The Integra came in two models in the United States, the RSX and the RSX Type-S boasting the K20A2 engine from 2002 to 2004, while the 2005 and 2006 RSX-S came with a K20Z1. The RSX was sold as a Honda Integra in Japan and Australia, markets where Acura did not exist. In March 2006, Honda announced that the Integra would be discontinued in June after its final 300 cars were sold, due to the shrinkage of the coupe market. The reaction of the consumers towards the discontinuation, however, forced Honda to extend production until",
"title": "Honda Integra"
},
{
"id": "19717556",
"text": "while the 2.4 variant uses the all-new Earth Dreams 2.4L engine. All variants are mated to a 5-speed torque converter gear box. The facelifted Accord was launched in September 2015 in the same three trims but with added features and equipment to each trim. It also comes with three new colors; White Orchid Pearl, Obsidian Blue Pearl and Lunar Silver Metallic. In November 2017, the 2.4 VTi-L variant gained Honda's Sensing saftey features. The production version of the 2014 Accord Plug-in hybrid was introduced at the 2012 Los Angeles Auto Show. The Accord PHEV pricing starts at and sales began",
"title": "Honda Accord (ninth generation)"
},
{
"id": "19717563",
"text": "introduction of the next-generation Clarity fuel cell vehicle in 2016. The ninth-generation Accord received a refresh for the 2016 model year. Changes to outer appearance include new front fascia, grill, head lights, rear lights, and alloy wheel designs. The Hybrid Accord returned for the 2017 model year with revised running gear that has combined output of 214 hp (160 kW), up from 196 hp (146 kW) of the 2014 & 2015 model years version. The Plug-in Hybrid Accord did not make a return, instead replaced by the 2017 Honda Clarity PHEV. The ninth-generation Accord offers the following powertrains: A new",
"title": "Honda Accord (ninth generation)"
},
{
"id": "11358758",
"text": "The following week another album track was released via video with a stripped-down version of \"My Own\" featuring Kina's sisters and their rich harmonies. \"Dear River,\" an upbeat, sonically organic track, premiered on Glamour's \"Obsessed Blog\". \"Elements\" debuted at No. 48 on the Billboard 200, No. 4 on the Billboard Americana/Folk chart, and No. 7 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart. On its release day, \"Elements\" hit #2 on iTunes Singer Songwriter Chart, and #1 on iTunes Canada. Grannis announced that she would be celebrating the release of her sophomore studio album \"Elements\" with fans at a handful of intimate",
"title": "Kina Grannis"
},
{
"id": "14912569",
"text": "released on 4 August 2016, reaching number 15 in Sweden and number 84 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Influence\" was released on 9 September 2016 as the first promotional single from the album. The song features American rapper Wiz Khalifa. \"True Disaster\" was originally released on 14 October 2016 as the second promotional single. The song was sent to US contemporary hit radio on 15 November 2016 as the album's second single. On 23 October 2016, five days prior to the release of the \"Lady Wood\", Lo announced North American and European headlining Lady Wood Tour, with special guests",
"title": "Lady Wood"
},
{
"id": "8928159",
"text": "Honda Quint The Honda Quint was a subcompact car manufactured by Honda in Japan from 1980 to 1985. It was introduced in February 1980 in Japan as a five-door liftback version of the Honda Civic, being more upscale than the Civic, and was sold at the \"Honda Verno\" sales channel in Japan. The Quint was made available to export markets including Europe and Southeast Asia in 1981, with the export name being Honda Quintet. Beginning in 1983, this model was also sold in Australia as the Rover Quintet. The Quint was succeeded by the Honda Quint Integra in 1985. The",
"title": "Honda Quint"
},
{
"id": "173551",
"text": "per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US$50.4 billion in October 2018. Honda's global lineup consists of the Fit, Civic, Accord, Insight, CR-V, CR-Z, Legend and two versions of the Odyssey, one for North America, and a smaller vehicle sold internationally. An early proponent of developing vehicles to cater to different needs and markets worldwide, Honda's lineup varies by country and may have vehicles exclusive to that region. A few examples are the latest Honda Odyssey minivan and the Ridgeline, Honda's first light-duty uni-body pickup truck. Both were designed and engineered primarily in North America and are produced",
"title": "Honda"
},
{
"id": "13988735",
"text": "Honda's Marysville Auto Plant. In early 2005, Honda's East Liberty Auto Plant started building the Honda Accord Sedan on the same assembly line that produces Civic and Element to increase Honda's flexibility in meeting increased market demand of Acura TL that was also assembled in the Marysville Plant. The first 2003 Honda Accord rolled off the Marysville, Ohio assembly line on September 26, 2002. A larger car than its predecessor, the North American Accord was given a new level of refinement with chrome interior accents and higher grade materials. The lineup still included all the same trim levels as the",
"title": "Honda Accord (North America seventh generation)"
},
{
"id": "17898523",
"text": "instance, are available in Europe and Japan. The European Renault Duster developed by the Renault engineers, sold worldwide and built in India yet got this award for 2013. The Maruti brand on Suzuki models is exclusive to India. The Honda City is largely restricted to Asian and South American markets, while the Ford Figo is a modified version of the Ford Fiesta that was sold in Europe from 2002 to 2008. The Honda Civic is a global model, although not all versions are sold on every market. Indian Car of the Year The Indian Car of the Year Award (ICOTY)",
"title": "Indian Car of the Year"
},
{
"id": "20102816",
"text": "Homies (pseudonyms for Lamar himself and Dave Free). Described as violent and powerful, the music video contains powerful imagery, some of which contains direct references to photographs of civil rights photographer, musician, writer, and director Gordon Parks. The video also mimics the imagery from the music video for \"Humble\", the first single from \"Damn\". The music video has received positive reviews. Lawrence Burney of \"noisey\" called the video \"the masterpiece you anticipated.\" Joe Price of \"Pigeons and Planes\" named \"Element\" as one of the best songs of the week, the week of April 14, 2017, saying the song has \"memorable",
"title": "Element (song)"
},
{
"id": "12089806",
"text": "be had in Brilliant White Pearl. On 23 January 2011, the Freed was officially launched in Hong Kong. Unlike other non-Japanese market models, all Freeds sold in Hong Kong are manufactured in Japan and seats 6 passengers. In Singapore, the Freed is available from the authorised distributor and also through parallel import distributors. The second generation Honda Freed was unveiled in June 2016 and launched in Japan on 16 September 2016. In August 2016, the advertising campaign of the second generation Freed in Japan uses Pharrell Williams' \"Happy\". The new Freed is conceived based on the \"Dynamism and Functionality\" theme,",
"title": "Honda Freed"
}
] | what was the last year honda element was made |
[
"President Grover Cleveland"
] | [
{
"id": "388724",
"text": "pay for the foundation and pedestal were formed in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. The New York group eventually took on most of the responsibility for American fundraising and is often referred to as the \"American Committee\". One of its members was 19-year-old Theodore Roosevelt, the future governor of New York and president of the United States. On March 3, 1877, on his final full day in office, President Grant signed a joint resolution that authorized the President to accept the statue when it was presented by France and to select a site for it. President Rutherford B. Hayes, who",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388698",
"text": "Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and built by Gustave Eiffel. The statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886. The Statue of Liberty is a figure of Libertas, a robed Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388755",
"text": "After the United States entered World War I in 1917, images of the statue were heavily used in both recruitment posters and the Liberty Bond drives that urged American citizens to support the war financially. This impressed upon the public the war's stated purpose—to secure liberty—and served as a reminder that embattled France had given the United States the statue. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge used his authority under the Antiquities Act to declare the statue a National Monument. The only successful suicide in the statue's history occurred five years later, when a man climbed out of one of the",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388701",
"text": "the pedestal was threatened by lack of funds. Publisher Joseph Pulitzer, of the \"New York World\", started a drive for donations to finish the project and attracted more than 120,000 contributors, most of whom gave less than a dollar. The statue was built in France, shipped overseas in crates, and assembled on the completed pedestal on what was then called Bedloe's Island. The statue's completion was marked by New York's first ticker-tape parade and a dedication ceremony presided over by President Grover Cleveland. The statue was administered by the United States Lighthouse Board until 1901 and then by the Department",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2495104",
"text": "was a gift from the people of France to mark the American Centennial. It was agreed that the Congress would authorize the acceptance of the statue by the President of the United States, and that the War Department would facilitate its construction and presentation. The construction of the statue was completed in France in July 1884. The cornerstone was laid on August 5, 1884, and after some funding delays, construction of the pedestal was finished on April 22, 1886. The statue arrived in New York Harbor on June 17, 1885, on board the French frigate \"Isère\", was stored for eleven",
"title": "Liberty Island"
},
{
"id": "388719",
"text": "of the Franco-American Union as its fundraising arm. With the announcement, the statue was given a name, \"Liberty Enlightening the World\". The French would finance the statue; Americans would be expected to pay for the pedestal. The announcement provoked a generally favorable reaction in France, though many Frenchmen resented the United States for not coming to their aid during the war with Prussia. French monarchists opposed the statue, if for no other reason than it was proposed by the liberal Laboulaye, who had recently been elected a senator for life. Laboulaye arranged events designed to appeal to the rich and",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388731",
"text": "Suez Canal. The completed statue was formally presented to Ambassador Morton at a ceremony in Paris on July 4, 1884, and de Lesseps announced that the French government had agreed to pay for its transport to New York. The statue remained intact in Paris pending sufficient progress on the pedestal; by January 1885, this had occurred and the statue was disassembled and crated for its ocean voyage. The committees in the United States faced great difficulties in obtaining funds for the construction of the pedestal. The Panic of 1873 had led to an economic depression that persisted through much of",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388700",
"text": "U.S. peoples. Because of the post-war instability in France, work on the statue did not commence until the early 1870s. In 1875, Laboulaye proposed that the French finance the statue and the U.S. provide the site and build the pedestal. Bartholdi completed the head and the torch-bearing arm before the statue was fully designed, and these pieces were exhibited for publicity at international expositions. The torch-bearing arm was displayed at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876, and in Madison Square Park in Manhattan from 1876 to 1882. Fundraising proved difficult, especially for the Americans, and by 1885 work on",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388704",
"text": "the Union's victory in the Civil War in 1865, Laboulaye's wishes of freedom and democracy were turning into a reality in the United States. In order to honor these achievements, Laboulaye proposed that a gift be built for the United States on behalf of France. Laboulaye hoped that by calling attention to the recent achievements of the United States, the French people would be inspired to call for their own democracy in the face of a repressive monarchy.\" According to sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, who later recounted the story, Laboulaye's comment was not intended as a proposal, but it inspired",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388702",
"text": "of War; since 1933 it has been maintained by the National Park Service. Public access to the balcony around the torch has been barred for safety since 1916. According to the National Park Service, the idea for the Statue of Liberty was first proposed by Édouard René de Laboulaye, president of the French Anti-Slavery Society and a prominent and important political thinker of his time. The project is traced to a mid-1865 conversation between de Laboulaye, a staunch abolitionist, and Frédéric Bartholdi, a sculptor. In after-dinner conversation at his home near Versailles, Laboulaye, an ardent supporter of the Union in",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388746",
"text": "the parade could pass in front of the \"World\" building on Park Row. As the parade passed the New York Stock Exchange, traders threw ticker tape from the windows, beginning the New York tradition of the ticker-tape parade. A nautical parade began at 12:45 p.m., and President Cleveland embarked on a yacht that took him across the harbor to Bedloe's Island for the dedication. De Lesseps made the first speech, on behalf of the French committee, followed by the chairman of the New York committee, Senator William M. Evarts. A French flag draped across the statue's face was to be",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388720",
"text": "powerful, including a special performance at the Paris Opera on April 25, 1876, that featured a new cantata by composer Charles Gounod. The piece was titled \"La Liberté éclairant le monde\", the French version of the statue's announced name. Initially focused on the elites, the Union was successful in raising funds from across French society. Schoolchildren and ordinary citizens gave, as did 181 French municipalities. Laboulaye's political allies supported the call, as did descendants of the French contingent in the American Revolutionary War. Less idealistically, contributions came from those who hoped for American support in the French attempt to build",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388699",
"text": "carries a \"tabula ansata\" inscribed in Roman numerals with \"JULY IV MDCCLXXVI\" (July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, a national park tourism destination, and is a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad. Bartholdi was inspired by a French law professor and politician, Édouard René de Laboulaye, who is said to have commented in 1865 that any monument raised to U.S. independence would properly be a joint project of the French and",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "3196219",
"text": "period the relationship remained friendly—as symbolized by the Statue of Liberty, presented in 1884 as a gift to the United States from the French people. From 1870 until 1918, France was the only major republic in Europe, which endeared it to the United States. Many French people held the United States in high esteem, as a land of opportunity and as a source of modern ideas. Few French people emigrated to the United States. Intellectuals, however, saw the United States as a land built on crass materialism, lacking in a significant culture, and boasting of its distrust of intellectuals. Very",
"title": "France–United States relations"
},
{
"id": "388718",
"text": "then struck with wooden hammers. An advantage of this choice was that the entire statue would be light for its volume, as the copper need be only thick. Bartholdi had decided on a height of just over for the statue, double that of Italy's Sancarlone and the German statue of Arminius, both made with the same method. By 1875, France was enjoying improved political stability and a recovering postwar economy. Growing interest in the upcoming Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia led Laboulaye to decide it was time to seek public support. In September 1875, he announced the project and the formation",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388742",
"text": "in, the committee resumed work on the pedestal. On June 17, 1885, the French steamer \"Isère\", arrived in New York with the crates holding the disassembled statue on board. New Yorkers displayed their new-found enthusiasm for the statue. Two hundred thousand people lined the docks and hundreds of boats put to sea to welcome the ship. After five months of daily calls to donate to the statue fund, on August 11, 1885, the \"World\" announced that $102,000 had been raised from 120,000 donors, and that 80 percent of the total had been received in sums of less than one dollar.",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388729",
"text": "the Eiffel factory in the nearby Parisian suburb of Levallois-Perret. The change in structural material from masonry to iron allowed Bartholdi to change his plans for the statue's assembly. He had originally expected to assemble the skin on-site as the masonry pier was built; instead he decided to build the statue in France and have it disassembled and transported to the United States for reassembly in place on Bedloe's Island. In a symbolic act, the first rivet placed into the skin, fixing a copper plate onto the statue's big toe, was driven by United States Ambassador to France Levi P.",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2357279",
"text": "The painting inspired Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi's \"Liberty Enlightening the World\", known as the Statue of Liberty in New York City, which was given to the United States as a gift from the French a half-century after \"Liberty Leading the People\" was painted. The statue, which holds a torch in its hand, takes a more stable, immovable stance than that of the woman in the painting. An engraved version of part of the painting, along with a depiction of Delacroix, was featured on the 100 franc note from 1978 to 1995. The painting has had an influence on classical music. George",
"title": "Liberty Leading the People"
},
{
"id": "388750",
"text": "United States in 1893, he made additional suggestions, all of which proved ineffective. He did successfully lobby for improved lighting within the statue, allowing visitors to better appreciate Eiffel's design. In 1901, President Theodore Roosevelt, once a member of the New York committee, ordered the statue's transfer to the War Department, as it had proved useless as a lighthouse. A unit of the Army Signal Corps was stationed on Bedloe's Island until 1923, after which military police remained there while the island was under military jurisdiction. The statue rapidly became a landmark. Many immigrants who entered through New York saw",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388768",
"text": "a wide opening framed by a set of monumental bronze doors with designs symbolic of the renovation. A modern elevator was installed, allowing handicapped access to the observation area of the pedestal. An emergency elevator was installed within the statue, reaching up to the level of the shoulder. July 3–6, 1986, was designated \"Liberty Weekend\", marking the centennial of the statue and its reopening. President Reagan presided over the rededication, with French President François Mitterrand in attendance. July 4 saw a reprise of Operation Sail, and the statue was reopened to the public on July 5. In Reagan's dedication speech,",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388744",
"text": "of Engineers vetoed the proposal, fearing that ships' pilots passing the statue would be blinded. Instead, Bartholdi cut portholes in the torch—which was covered with gold leaf—and placed the lights inside them. A power plant was installed on the island to light the torch and for other electrical needs. After the skin was completed, renowned landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, co-designer of New York's Central Park and Brooklyn's Prospect Park, supervised a cleanup of Bedloe's Island in anticipation of the dedication. A ceremony of dedication was held on the afternoon of October 28, 1886. President Grover Cleveland, the former New",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "7941765",
"text": "This statue was given in 1889 to France by U.S. citizens living in Paris to celebrate the French Revolution three years after the main statue in New York was inaugurated. In 1937, the statue was turned from looking east to looking west straight to the direction of the New York's statue. The statue is near the Grenelle Bridge on the Île aux Cygnes, a man-made island in the Seine (). It is high and weighs 14 tons. Inaugurated on July 4, 1889, it looks southwest, downriver along the Seine. Its tablet bears two dates: \"IV JUILLET 1776\" (July 4, 1776:",
"title": "Replicas of the Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2098480",
"text": "enthusiasm, the intelligence and the noblest sentiments which can inspire man. It is great in its conception, great in its execution, great in its proportions; let us hope that it will add, by its moral value, to the memories and sympathies that it is intended to perpetuate. We now transfer to you, Mr. Minister, this great statue and trust that it may forever stand the pledge of friendship between France and the Great Republic of the United States. In October 1886, de Lesseps traveled to the United States to speak at the dedication ceremony of the Statue of Liberty, attended",
"title": "Ferdinand de Lesseps"
},
{
"id": "2055119",
"text": "d'Or, which in later years he represented in the Senate. He was minister of education, religion and the fine arts in Maurice Rouvier's cabinet of 1887; minister of foreign affairs under Pierre Tirard (1889–1890), and minister of education in 1894 in the Casimir-Perier cabinet. His published works include some volumes of speeches and well-known studies of Ignatius of Loyola (1876) and of Jules Michelet (1876). On 4 July 1884 Spuller and other members of the French Cabinet formally presented the Statue of Liberty to the United States. Following the ceremony, the statue was dismantled into numbered sections and packed in",
"title": "Eugène Spuller"
},
{
"id": "388723",
"text": "an outsized fountain designed by Bartholdi. Nevertheless, the arm proved popular in the exhibition's waning days, and visitors would climb up to the balcony of the torch to view the fairgrounds. After the exhibition closed, the arm was transported to New York, where it remained on display in Madison Square Park for several years before it was returned to France to join the rest of the statue. During his second trip to the United States, Bartholdi addressed a number of groups about the project, and urged the formation of American committees of the Franco-American Union. Committees to raise money to",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388754",
"text": "for an exterior lighting system to illuminate the statue at night. He claimed over 80,000 contributors, but failed to reach the goal. The difference was quietly made up by a gift from a wealthy donor—a fact that was not revealed until 1936. An underwater power cable brought electricity from the mainland and floodlights were placed along the walls of Fort Wood. Gutzon Borglum, who later sculpted Mount Rushmore, redesigned the torch, replacing much of the original copper with stained glass. On December 2, 1916, President Woodrow Wilson pressed the telegraph key that turned on the lights, successfully illuminating the statue.",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "7925630",
"text": "1146 Milestones. The design of these Milestones is symbolic: The Flaming Torch of Liberty, emerging from the sea, is carried eastward. Along the circumference of the Milestone’s dome-shaped top, the 48 stars representing the (then) 48 United States which took part in the Liberation of France. The “Liberty Highway” was officially opened on September 17, 1947 at Fontainebleau, by Mr Paul Ramadier, then President du Conseil, in the presence of Mr Jefferson Caffery, United States Ambassador to France and members of the American Legion. Many military and civilian dignitaries of the Allied Nations were also present at the ceremonies. President",
"title": "Liberty Road (France)"
},
{
"id": "11409488",
"text": "The Statue of Liberty (film) The Statue of Liberty is a 1985 American documentary film on the history of the Statue of Liberty (\"Liberty Enlightening the World\"). It was produced and directed by Ken Burns. The film first aired on October 28, 1985. It was narrated by historian David McCullough. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. The film included readings by Jeremy Irons and Arthur Miller, among others. Also features Paul Simon's \"American Tune\" at the beginning and end of the film. McCullough, then-New York Gov. Mario Cuomo, former congresswoman Barbara Jordan, director Miloš Forman,",
"title": "The Statue of Liberty (film)"
},
{
"id": "4553046",
"text": "newspaper, the \"Flame of Liberty\", more broadly, is a lasting symbol of the friendship uniting the two countries, just as the statue itself was when it was given to the United States by France. This project was overseen by the director of the French craft unions at that time, Jacques Graindorge. He foresaw an installation of the \"Flame of Liberty\" in a public square called Place des États-Unis (United States Square) in the 16th arrondissement, but the mayor of Paris at the time, Jacques Chirac, was opposed to it. After a protracted period of negotiations, it was decided that the",
"title": "Flame of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "12990627",
"text": "residence, raising $100,000 towards this goal by September 1985 after writing to 250 U.S. companies for donations. He and his wife resided in the official residence in Paris, where they would serve GooGoo Clusters, a hometown Nashville delicacy, to their diplomatic guests. Rodgers accompanied President of France François Mitterrand on a Seine riverboat ride to the Île aux Cygnes where they unveiled a renovated replica of the Statue of Liberty, as part of ceremonies marking the centennial of the French gift to the United States. Rodgers represented the United States at ceremonies on June 6, 1986, to mark the 42nd",
"title": "Joe M. Rodgers"
},
{
"id": "388707",
"text": "the war, Napoleon III was captured and deposed. Bartholdi's home province of Alsace was lost to the Prussians, and a more liberal republic was installed in France. As Bartholdi had been planning a trip to the United States, he and Laboulaye decided the time was right to discuss the idea with influential Americans. In June 1871, Bartholdi crossed the Atlantic, with letters of introduction signed by Laboulaye. Arriving at New York Harbor, Bartholdi focused on Bedloe's Island (now named Liberty Island) as a site for the statue, struck by the fact that vessels arriving in New York had to sail",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388725",
"text": "took office the following day, selected the Bedloe's Island site that Bartholdi had proposed. On his return to Paris in 1877, Bartholdi concentrated on completing the head, which was exhibited at the 1878 Paris World's Fair. Fundraising continued, with models of the statue put on sale. Tickets to view the construction activity at the Gaget, Gauthier & Co. workshop were also offered. The French government authorized a lottery; among the prizes were valuable silver plate and a terracotta model of the statue. By the end of 1879, about 250,000 francs had been raised. The head and arm had been built",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "897168",
"text": "in France. He helped commercial relations between the two countries run smoothly during his term, and, in Paris on October 24, 1881, he placed the first rivet in the construction of the Statue of Liberty. (It was driven into the big toe of Lady Liberty's left foot.) After completion of the statue, he accepted Liberty on behalf of the United States in a ceremony on July 4, 1884 by signing the Union Franco Americaine contract with that date. Morton was elected Vice President of the United States, on the Republican ticket with President Benjamin Harrison, in which capacity he served",
"title": "Levi P. Morton"
},
{
"id": "10192938",
"text": "Liberty Weekend Liberty Weekend was a four-day celebration of the 1984 restoration and the centenary of the Statue of Liberty (\"Liberty Enlightening the World\") in New York City. It began on July 3, 1986 and ended on July 6. The Opening Ceremonies of Liberty Weekend were held on July 3, 1986 at Governor's Island in New York Harbor. French President François Mitterrand was on hand to give his well wishes to the American people. Secretary of the Interior Donald Hodel, Executive Producer David Wolper, and the Chairman of the Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation Lee Iacocca joined to introduce the",
"title": "Liberty Weekend"
},
{
"id": "6017783",
"text": "Édouard René de Laboulaye Édouard René Lefèbvre de Laboulaye () (18 January 1811 – 25 May 1883) was a French jurist, poet, author and anti-slavery activist. In 1865 he originated the idea of a monument presented by the French people to the United States that resulted in the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. He got the idea thinking that this would help strengthen their relationship with the United States. Laboulaye was received at the bar in 1842, and was chosen professor of comparative law at the Collège de France in 1849. Following the Paris Commune of 1870, he",
"title": "Édouard René de Laboulaye"
},
{
"id": "6017785",
"text": "work on the political history of the United States, and published it in Paris during the height of the politically repressed Second Empire. During the American Civil War, he was a zealous advocate of the Union cause and the abolition of slavery, publishing histories of the cultural connections of the two nations. At the war's conclusion in 1865, he became president of the French Emancipation Committee that aided newly freed slaves in the U.S. The same year he had the idea of presenting a statue representing liberty as a gift to the United States, a symbol for ideas suppressed by",
"title": "Édouard René de Laboulaye"
},
{
"id": "2098479",
"text": "was the daughter of Gustave Adolphe Autard de Bragard, a former Magistrate of Mauritius, and wife Marie-Louise Carcenac (1817–1857), daughter of Pierre Carcenac (1771–1819) and wife Marie Françoise Dessachis. Eleven of her twelve children with de Lesseps survived their father: On 11 June 1884, Levi P. Morton, the Minister of the United States to France, gave a banquet in honor of the Franco-American Union and in celebration of the completion of the Statue of Liberty. Ferdinand de Lesseps, as head of the Franco-American Union, formally presented the statue to the United States, saying: This is the result of the devoted",
"title": "Ferdinand de Lesseps"
},
{
"id": "816028",
"text": "Rochambeau, Oscar Gilbert Lafayette, François Charles Lorraine, and Louis François Lorraine. Bartholdi broached the idea of a massive statue. Bartholdi's design approved on, the Union Franco-Americaine raised more than 1 million francs throughout France for the building of the statue. In 1879, Bartholdi was awarded design patent for the Statue of Liberty. On 4 July 1880, the statue was formally delivered to the American minister in Paris, the event being celebrated by a great banquet. In October 1886, the structure was officially presented as the joint gift of the French and American people, and installed on Bedloe's Island in New",
"title": "Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi"
},
{
"id": "335663",
"text": "proto-canon of the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. The current President of France is Emmanuel Macron, who succeeded François Hollande on 14 May 2017. The presidency of France was first publicly proposed during the July Revolution of 1830, when it was offered to the Marquis de Lafayette, who demurred in favor of Prince Louis Phillipe. 18 years later, during the opening phases of the 2nd Republic, the title was created for a popularly elected Head of state, the first of whom was Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, nephew of the Emperor. Bonaparte served until he staged an auto coup against the",
"title": "President of France"
},
{
"id": "18012041",
"text": "purchase Louisiana in 1803. The broad similarities but different experiences between the French and American revolutions lead to a certain kinship between France and the United States, with both countries seeing themselves as pioneers of liberty and promoting republican ideals. This bond manifesting itself in such exchanges as the gift of the Statue of Liberty by France. The call for modification of society was influenced by the revolution in France, and once the hope for change found a place in the hearts of the Haitian people, there was no stopping the radical reformation that was occurring. The Enlightenment ideals and",
"title": "Influence of the French Revolution"
},
{
"id": "16165296",
"text": "The right panel shows the Statue of Liberty imposed in front of the New York 1930s skyline. In 1937 the Second Spanish Republic commemorated the 150th anniversary of the signing of the U.S. Constitution, under the government of Prime Minister Juan Negrín of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). The Statue of Liberty is the central focus, flanked by flags of Spain and the United States. The Spanish Republic Flag of red, yellow and purple, as battle flag or civil ensign, lacks the coat of arms. United States Constitution and worldwide influence The United States Constitution has had influence internationally",
"title": "United States Constitution and worldwide influence"
},
{
"id": "388770",
"text": "Anthony Weiner made the statue's reopening a personal crusade. On May 17, 2009, President Barack Obama's Secretary of the Interior, Ken Salazar, announced that as a \"special gift\" to America, the statue would be reopened to the public as of July 4, but that only a limited number of people would be permitted to ascend to the crown each day. The statue, including the pedestal and base, closed on October 29, 2011, for installation of new elevators and staircases and to bring other facilities, such as restrooms, up to code. The statue was reopened on October 28, 2012, only to",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388777",
"text": "and dedicatory tablets on or near the Statue of Liberty. A group of statues stands at the western end of the island, honoring those closely associated with the Statue of Liberty. Two Americans—Pulitzer and Lazarus—and three Frenchmen—Bartholdi, Eiffel, and Laboulaye—are depicted. They are the work of Maryland sculptor Phillip Ratner. In 1984, the Statue of Liberty was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The UNESCO \"Statement of Significance\" describes the statue as a \"masterpiece of the human spirit\" that \"endures as a highly potent symbol—inspiring contemplation, debate and protest—of ideals such as liberty, peace, human rights, abolition of slavery, democracy",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "156607",
"text": "Gustave Eiffel Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (born Bonickhausen dit Eiffel; ; ; 15 December 183227 December 1923) was a French civil engineer. A graduate of École Centrale Paris, he made his name building various bridges for the French railway network, most famously the Garabit viaduct. He is best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower, built for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, and his contribution to building the Statue of Liberty in New York. After his retirement from engineering, Eiffel focused on research into meteorology and aerodynamics, making significant contributions in both fields. Gustave Eiffel was born in Burgundy, France, in",
"title": "Gustave Eiffel"
},
{
"id": "388713",
"text": "be fully dressed in flowing robes. Instead of the impression of violence in the Delacroix work, Bartholdi wished to give the statue a peaceful appearance and chose a torch, representing progress, for the figure to hold. Crawford's statue was designed in the early 1850s. It was originally to be crowned with a \"pileus\", the cap given to emancipated slaves in ancient Rome. Secretary of War Jefferson Davis, a Southerner who would later serve as President of the Confederate States of America, was concerned that the \"pileus\" would be taken as an abolitionist symbol. He ordered that it be changed to",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "10720475",
"text": "expected to stay in the 11-bathroom shorefront mansion of former Microsoft executive Michael Appe. However, he interrupted his vacation for a one-day trip to France after the death of Cardinal Lustiger, former archbishop of Paris, whose funeral he was to attend. A presidential plane flew him on 10 August to Paris and then back to America. He visited President George W. Bush in Kennebunkport, Maine, and returned to France by commercial jet on 21 August. From 10 to 15 December, Libya's leader Muammar Gaddafi visited Paris. It was a polemical official trip. The Secretary of Human Rights, Rama Yade, argued",
"title": "Presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy"
},
{
"id": "3661024",
"text": "freedom. Progressives stress freedom from business monopoly as essential. Libertarians disagree, and see economic freedom as best. The Tea Party movement sees big government as the enemy of freedom. France supported the Americans in their revolt against English rule and, in 1789, overthrew their own monarchy, with the cry of \"Liberté, égalité, fraternité\". The bloodbath that followed, known as the reign of terror, soured many people on the idea of liberty. Edmund Burke, considered one of the fathers of conservatism, wrote \"The French had shewn themselves the ablest architects of ruin that had hitherto existed in the world.\" According to",
"title": "Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388779",
"text": "of the statue, made of stamped copper and in height, to states and municipalities across the United States. Though not a true replica, the statue known as the Goddess of Democracy temporarily erected during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 was similarly inspired by French democratic traditions—the sculptors took care to avoid a direct imitation of the Statue of Liberty. Among other recreations of New York City structures, a replica of the statue is part of the exterior of the New York-New York Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas. As an American icon, the Statue of Liberty has been depicted",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "1708255",
"text": "sense of the word. The crowned puppet who possessed two casting votes in the Privy Council, of which he was the nominal president, and who was allowed to create peers once in his life, at his coronation, was rather a state decoration than a sovereignty. At first this cumbrous and complicated instrument of government worked tolerably well under the firm but cautious control of the Chancery President, Count Arvid Horn. In his anxiety to avoid embroiling his country abroad, Horn reversed the traditional policy of Sweden by keeping France at a distance and drawing Sweden nearer to the Kingdom of",
"title": "Age of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388778",
"text": "and opportunity.\" Hundreds of replicas of the Statue of Liberty are displayed worldwide. A smaller version of the statue, one-fourth the height of the original, was given by the American community in Paris to that city. It now stands on the Île aux Cygnes, facing west toward her larger sister. A replica tall stood atop the Liberty Warehouse on West 64th Street in Manhattan for many years; it now resides at the Brooklyn Museum. In a patriotic tribute, the Boy Scouts of America, as part of their Strengthen the Arm of Liberty campaign in 1949–1952, donated about two hundred replicas",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "3196260",
"text": "route to New York City for Independence Day celebrations. The original Concorde class frigate became famous when she ferried General Lafayette to the United States in 1780 to allow him to rejoin the American side in the American Revolutionary War. French President François Hollande was at La Rochelle to see the replica off, where he stated: L'Hermione is a luminous episode of our history. She is a champion of universal values, freedom, courage and of the friendship between France and the United States, President Barack Obama in a letter commemorating the voyage stated: The ship was given a copy of",
"title": "France–United States relations"
},
{
"id": "388711",
"text": "as an embodiment of the United States in the manner that Britannia was identified with the United Kingdom and Marianne came to represent France. Columbia had supplanted the earlier figure of an Indian princess, which had come to be regarded as uncivilized and derogatory toward Americans. The other significant female icon in American culture was a representation of Liberty, derived from Libertas, the goddess of freedom widely worshipped in ancient Rome, especially among emancipated slaves. A Liberty figure adorned most American coins of the time, and representations of Liberty appeared in popular and civic art, including Thomas Crawford's \"Statue of",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "10192949",
"text": "this party as well. He also stated that it was his close family, friends and associates who were occupying the ship with him and Lyn and watching the event via closed-circuit TV. Liberty Weekend Liberty Weekend was a four-day celebration of the 1984 restoration and the centenary of the Statue of Liberty (\"Liberty Enlightening the World\") in New York City. It began on July 3, 1986 and ended on July 6. The Opening Ceremonies of Liberty Weekend were held on July 3, 1986 at Governor's Island in New York Harbor. French President François Mitterrand was on hand to give his",
"title": "Liberty Weekend"
},
{
"id": "5836743",
"text": "280 SL before he replaced it with a Volkswagen convertible. He dated several high-profile women, including the actress Candice Bergen and the Olympic skier Suzy Chaffee. The rumors about a romance with him and First Daughter Susan Ford were not true, however, but he and Susan did give the President Liberty, a golden retriever, that became a signature of the Ford presidency. In late March 1975, Kennerly accompanied U.S. Army Chief of Staff General Frederick Weyand who had been dispatched on a presidential mission to South Vietnam to assess what was becoming a rapidly deteriorating military situation. The president privately",
"title": "David Hume Kennerly"
},
{
"id": "388733",
"text": "American public works—the selection of Italian-born Constantino Brumidi to decorate the Capitol had provoked intense criticism, even though he was a naturalized U.S. citizen. \"Harper's Weekly\" declared its wish that \"M. Bartholdi and our French cousins had 'gone the whole figure' while they were about it, and given us statue and pedestal at once.\" \"The New York Times\" stated that \"no true patriot can countenance any such expenditures for bronze females in the present state of our finances.\" Faced with these criticisms, the American committees took little action for several years. The foundation of Bartholdi's statue was to be laid",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "142016",
"text": "undeclared naval war took place with France from 1798 until 1799, often called the \"Quasi War\". Jefferson became president in 1801, but was hostile to Napoleon as a dictator and emperor. However, the two entered negotiations over the Louisiana Territory and agreed to the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, an acquisition that substantially increased the size of the United States. The French Revolution has received enormous amounts of historical attention, both from the general public and from scholars and academics. The views of historians, in particular, have been characterised as falling along ideological lines, with disagreement over the significance and the",
"title": "French Revolution"
},
{
"id": "388747",
"text": "lowered to unveil the statue at the close of Evarts's speech, but Bartholdi mistook a pause as the conclusion and let the flag fall prematurely. The ensuing cheers put an end to Evarts's address. President Cleveland spoke next, stating that the statue's \"stream of light shall pierce the darkness of ignorance and man's oppression until Liberty enlightens the world\". Bartholdi, observed near the dais, was called upon to speak, but he declined. Orator Chauncey M. Depew concluded the speechmaking with a lengthy address. No members of the general public were permitted on the island during the ceremonies, which were reserved",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388780",
"text": "on the country's coinage and stamps. It appeared on commemorative coins issued to mark its 1986 centennial, and on New York's 2001 entry in the state quarters series. An image of the statue was chosen for the American Eagle platinum bullion coins in 1997, and it was placed on the reverse, or tails, side of the Presidential Dollar series of circulating coins. Two images of the statue's torch appear on the current ten-dollar bill. The statue's intended photographic depiction on a 2010 forever stamp proved instead to be of the replica at the Las Vegas casino. Depictions of the statue",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388738",
"text": "by Gustave Eiffel. Fundraising for the statue had begun in 1882. The committee organized a large number of money-raising events. As part of one such effort, an auction of art and manuscripts, poet Emma Lazarus was asked to donate an original work. She initially declined, stating she could not write a poem about a statue. At the time, she was also involved in aiding refugees to New York who had fled anti-Semitic pogroms in eastern Europe. These refugees were forced to live in conditions that the wealthy Lazarus had never experienced. She saw a way to express her empathy for",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "15003890",
"text": "on a modern subject—a barricade. And if I haven’t fought for my country at least I’ll paint for her.\" Critics found the personification of Liberty far too realistic. Liberty, personified by Marianne, symbol of the nation, as both an allegorical goddess-figure and a robust woman of the people, an approach that contemporary critics denounced as \"ignoble\". Politicians regarded the dramatic painting as highly politically provocative. For this reason the French government quietly removed it from public view. It inspired the Statue of Liberty in New York City, which was given to the United States as a gift from the French",
"title": "Ma Jir Bo"
},
{
"id": "388756",
"text": "windows in the crown and jumped to his death, glancing off the statue's breast and landing on the base. In 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt ordered the statue to be transferred to the National Park Service (NPS). In 1937, the NPS gained jurisdiction over the rest of Bedloe's Island. With the Army's departure, the NPS began to transform the island into a park. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) demolished most of the old buildings, regraded and reseeded the eastern end of the island, and built granite steps for a new public entrance to the statue from its rear. The WPA also",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "1858394",
"text": "Georges Pompidou Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (; 5 July 19112 April 1974) was Prime Minister of France from 1962 to 1968—the longest tenure in the position's history—and later President of the French Republic from 1969 until his death in 1974. He had long been a top aide to president Charles de Gaulle. As president, he was a moderate conservative who repaired France's relationship with the United States and maintained positive relations with the newly independent former colonies in Africa. He strengthened his political party, the Union of Democrats for the Republic (\"Union des Democrates pour la Ve République\" or UDR),",
"title": "Georges Pompidou"
},
{
"id": "388706",
"text": "it was never erected. There was a classical precedent for the Suez proposal, the Colossus of Rhodes: an ancient bronze statue of the Greek god of the sun, Helios. This statue is believed to have been over high, and it similarly stood at a harbor entrance and carried a light to guide ships. Both the khedive and Lesseps declined the proposed statue from Bartholdi, citing the expensive cost. The Port Said Lighthouse was built instead, by François Coignet in 1869. Any large project was further delayed by the Franco-Prussian War, in which Bartholdi served as a major of militia. In",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "6481023",
"text": "groundbreaking ceremony for the Liberty Memorial, which was being constructed there. Also present that day were Lieutenant General Baron Jacques of Belgium, Admiral David Beatty of Great Britain, Marshal Ferdinand Foch of France, and General John J. Pershing of the United States. One of the main speakers was Vice President Calvin Coolidge of the United States. In 1935 bas-reliefs of Jacques, Foch, Diaz, and Pershing by sculptor Walker Hancock were added to the memorial. After the war, Armando Diaz was appointed as a senator. In 1921 he was ennobled by King Victor Emmanuel III and given the victory title of",
"title": "Armando Diaz"
},
{
"id": "388745",
"text": "York governor, presided over the event. On the morning of the dedication, a parade was held in New York City; estimates of the number of people who watched it ranged from several hundred thousand to a million. President Cleveland headed the procession, then stood in the reviewing stand to see bands and marchers from across America. General Stone was the grand marshal of the parade. The route began at Madison Square, once the venue for the arm, and proceeded to the Battery at the southern tip of Manhattan by way of Fifth Avenue and Broadway, with a slight detour so",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2635078",
"text": "of the Marne, as a gift to the French people in exchange for the Statue of Liberty. Called, in French, \"La Liberté éplorée\" (\"The Tearful Liberty\") the statue, located in Meaux, France, is over seven stories tall, at . While work started on the statue in 1924, it was not finished until 1932. At the time of its dedication, it was the world's largest stone monument. In 2011, the opened next to the monument. The World War I Memorial, in Atlantic City, New Jersey, houses a bronze version of the statue. Selected to sculpt the fourth issue of the long",
"title": "Frederick William MacMonnies"
},
{
"id": "18012040",
"text": "war broke out in Europe, the Jeffersonian Republican Party favored France and pointed to the 1778 treaty that was still in effect. Washington and his unanimous cabinet (including Jefferson) decided the treaty did not bind the U.S. to enter the war, since they stopped being in favor of the Revolution after they executed the King; instead Washington proclaimed neutrality. Under President Adams, a Federalist, an undeclared naval war took place with France in 1798–99, called the \"Quasi War\". Jefferson became president in 1801, but was hostile to Napoleon as a dictator and emperor. Nevertheless, he did seize the opportunity to",
"title": "Influence of the French Revolution"
},
{
"id": "18659422",
"text": "Beaugrenelle Paris shopping mall Beaugrenelle Paris is a shopping mall located in Paris' 15th arrondissement, close to the River Seine and 10 minutes' walk from the Eiffel Tower. It is one of the biggest shopping malls in Paris' inner city. A mix between a department store and a shopping mall, Beaugrenelle is home to 120 shops and restaurants. Another landmark close to the mall is the 37.73-foot high replica of the Statue of Liberty, a gift from the USA to France in 1889. Beaugrenelle Paris’ story began in the 1970s with the development of a new neighborhood. The first Beaugrenelle",
"title": "Beaugrenelle Paris shopping mall"
},
{
"id": "388730",
"text": "Morton. The skin was not, however, crafted in exact sequence from low to high; work proceeded on a number of segments simultaneously in a manner often confusing to visitors. Some work was performed by contractors—one of the fingers was made to Bartholdi's exacting specifications by a coppersmith in the southern French town of Montauban. By 1882, the statue was complete up to the waist, an event Barthodi celebrated by inviting reporters to lunch on a platform built within the statue. Laboulaye died in 1883. He was succeeded as chairman of the French committee by Ferdinand de Lesseps, builder of the",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "10114045",
"text": "Medal of Liberty The Medal of Liberty was awarded in 1986 by President Ronald Reagan to twelve outstanding individuals chosen as representative of the most distinguished naturalized citizens of the United States of America. David L. Wolper, producer of ABC's television's 1986 Independence Day Weekend media event, came up with the idea to have the President present awards to a select group of naturalized citizens as an essential part of the ceremonial festivities commemorating the 100th anniversary of the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. The awarding of this medal took place only once by design,",
"title": "Medal of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388753",
"text": "Park, close to Bedloe's Island. Carloads of dynamite and other explosives that were being sent to Britain and France for their war efforts were detonated, and seven people were killed. The statue sustained minor damage, mostly to the torch-bearing right arm, and was closed for ten days. The cost to repair the statue and buildings on the island was about . The narrow ascent to the torch was closed for public-safety reasons, and it has remained closed ever since. That same year, Ralph Pulitzer, who had succeeded his father Joseph as publisher of the \"World\", began a drive to raise",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "8715640",
"text": "to push for a lift of the European Union arms embargo against China. France's position was seen as attempting to aid China in altering the balance of power against the U.S. in East Asia, in which the control of Taiwan is of utmost importance. This drew widespread condemnation from the U.S. which responded by threatening sanctions against the EU unless the embargo was continued. On 29 May 2005 a referendum was held in France to decide whether the country should ratify the proposed Constitution of the European Union. The result was a victory for the No campaign, with 55% of",
"title": "Jacques Chirac's second term as President of France"
},
{
"id": "388748",
"text": "entirely for dignitaries. The only females granted access were Bartholdi's wife and de Lesseps's granddaughter; officials stated that they feared women might be injured in the crush of people. The restriction offended area suffragists, who chartered a boat and got as close as they could to the island. The group's leaders made speeches applauding the embodiment of Liberty as a woman and advocating women's right to vote. A scheduled fireworks display was postponed until November 1 because of poor weather. Shortly after the dedication, \"The Cleveland Gazette\", an African American newspaper, suggested that the statue's torch not be lit until",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "7941792",
"text": "control of French Indochina during World War II, the statue was toppled on August 1, 1945, after being deemed a vestige of the colonial government along with other statues erected by the French. A 30-foot replica can also be seen at the Westfield Marion shopping complex in Adelaide, South Australia. Replicas of the Statue of Liberty Hundreds of replicas of the Statue of Liberty (\"Liberty Enlightening the World\") have been created worldwide. On the occasion of the Exposition Universelle of 1900, Frédéric Bartholdi crafted a smaller version of \"Liberty Enlightening the World\", which he subsequently gave to the Musée du",
"title": "Replicas of the Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "156624",
"text": "engineer to help him to realise the Statue of Liberty. Some work had already been carried out by Eugène Viollet-Le-Duc, but he had died in 1879. Eiffel was selected because of his experience with wind stresses. Eiffel devised a structure consisting of a four-legged pylon to support the copper sheeting which made up the body of the statue. The entire statue was erected at the Eiffel works in Paris before being dismantled and shipped to the United States. In 1886 Eiffel also designed the dome for the Astronomical Observatory in Nice. This was the most important building in a complex",
"title": "Gustave Eiffel"
},
{
"id": "20296976",
"text": "the device of meshing fictional and historical characters.\" Screenwriter Pete Hamill was unhappy with the finished product, and had his name changed to \"Robert Malloy\" in the credits. Liberty (1986 film) Liberty is a television film which aired on NBC on June 23, 1986. It is a largely fictionalized account of the construction of the Statue of Liberty, which had been completed 100 years earlier. Scenes were shot on location in Paris and Baltimore. Sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi (Frank Langella) and author Édouard de Laboulaye (Jean-Pierre Cassel) agree to create a monument to present to the United States on behalf",
"title": "Liberty (1986 film)"
},
{
"id": "388722",
"text": "Gauthier & Co. workshop. In May 1876, Bartholdi traveled to the United States as a member of a French delegation to the Centennial Exhibition, and arranged for a huge painting of the statue to be shown in New York as part of the Centennial festivities. The arm did not arrive in Philadelphia until August; because of its late arrival, it was not listed in the exhibition catalogue, and while some reports correctly identified the work, others called it the \"Colossal Arm\" or \"Bartholdi Electric Light\". The exhibition grounds contained a number of monumental artworks to compete for fairgoers' interest, including",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "13316599",
"text": "a one-hour interview with a leading French or international personality. She interviewed French presidents François Mitterrand and Nicolas Sarkozy as well as US president Bill Clinton, Mikhail Gorbachev, Shimon Peres, Felipe González, German chancellors Helmut Kohl and Gerhard Schröder, Hillary Clinton, the UN Secretary General in New York during the first gulf war, and Prince Charles. Although primarily focused on politics, her show also included celebrities Madonna, Sharon Stone, Paul McCartney, Woody Allen, and George Soros. She conducted interviews with French cultural figures such as Johnny Hallyday, Alain Delon, Yves Montand, Simone Signoret, Bernard-Henri Lévy, and Elie Wiesel. Sinclair won",
"title": "Anne Sinclair"
},
{
"id": "816024",
"text": "1871, not finishing the massive sandstone statue until 1880. In 1871, he made his first trip to the United States, where he pitched the idea of a massive statue gifted from the French to the Americans in honor of the centennial of American independence. The idea, which had first been broached to him in 1865 by his friend Édouard René de Laboulaye, resulted in the Statue of Liberty in New York harbor. After years of work and fundraising, the statue was inaugurated in 1886. During this period, Bartholdi also sculpted a number of monuments for American cities, such as a",
"title": "Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi"
},
{
"id": "13789602",
"text": "carrying in her hands and most of the rays of the radiant crown she wears have now disappeared. This sculpture is thought to have been inspired by Pierre Cartellier's bas-relief \"Victory in a quadriga distributing wreaths\" (1810), at the East entrance of the Louvre palace, and to be a possible inspiration for the New York Statue of Liberty. A bas-relief on the same subject : \"France distributing wreaths to the Arts and Industry\", sculpted by Jean-Baptiste Louis Roman in 1830, is located on the wall behind the seat of the president of the National Assembly in the hemicycle of Palais",
"title": "France Crowning Art and Industry"
},
{
"id": "388721",
"text": "the Panama Canal. The copper may have come from multiple sources and some of it is said to have come from a mine in Visnes, Norway, though this has not been conclusively determined after testing samples. According to Cara Sutherland in her book on the statue for the Museum of the City of New York, was needed to build the statue, and the French copper industrialist Eugène Secrétan donated of copper. Although plans for the statue had not been finalized, Bartholdi moved forward with fabrication of the right arm, bearing the torch, and the head. Work began at the Gaget,",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388703",
"text": "the American Civil War, is supposed to have said: \"If a monument should rise in the United States, as a memorial to their independence, I should think it only natural if it were built by united effort—a common work of both our nations.\" The National Park Service, in a 2000 report, however, deemed this a legend traced to an 1885 fundraising pamphlet, and that the statue was most likely conceived in 1870. In another essay on their website, the Park Service suggested that Laboulaye was minded to honor the Union victory and its consequences, \"With the abolition of slavery and",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2357268",
"text": "Liberty Leading the People Liberty Leading the People ( ) is a painting by Eugène Delacroix commemorating the July Revolution of 1830, which toppled King Charles X of France. A woman of the people with a phrygian cap personifying the concept of Liberty leads the people forward over a barricade and the bodies of the fallen, holding the flag of the French Revolution – the tricolour, which again became France's national flag after these events – in one hand and brandishing a bayonetted musket with the other. The figure of Liberty is also viewed as a symbol of France and",
"title": "Liberty Leading the People"
},
{
"id": "388708",
"text": "past it. He was delighted to learn that the island was owned by the United States government—it had been ceded by the New York State Legislature in 1800 for harbor defense. It was thus, as he put it in a letter to Laboulaye: \"land common to all the states.\" As well as meeting many influential New Yorkers, Bartholdi visited President Ulysses S. Grant, who assured him that it would not be difficult to obtain the site for the statue. Bartholdi crossed the United States twice by rail, and met many Americans who he thought would be sympathetic to the project.",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388712",
"text": "Freedom\" (1863) atop the dome of the United States Capitol Building. Artists of the 18th and 19th centuries striving to evoke republican ideals commonly used representations of Libertas as an allegorical symbol. A figure of Liberty was also depicted on the Great Seal of France. However, Bartholdi and Laboulaye avoided an image of revolutionary liberty such as that depicted in Eugène Delacroix's famed \"Liberty Leading the People\" (1830). In this painting, which commemorates France's July Revolution, a half-clothed Liberty leads an armed mob over the bodies of the fallen. Laboulaye had no sympathy for revolution, and so Bartholdi's figure would",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "11578074",
"text": "region and Mariana was seen no more. Her pocito was eagerly sought, but the source of the gold was never found. According to some testimonies, it was Cantoni Federico who, as an officer of that time, visited France and had the \"Statue of Liberty\" created as ordered by national authorities. That is why the date 1810-1910 and the Argentine shield are seen on the left of the statue. Federico Cantoni ordered that the statue be sent to the province of San Juan, its intended location being the park. This was done on the centenary of the \"First Cry of Freedom\",",
"title": "Pocito Department"
},
{
"id": "11409489",
"text": "writers James Baldwin and Jerzy Kosinski, musician Ray Charles, and poet Carolyn Forché are among those interviewed. The film also featured vintage film footage that deals with Lady Liberty from the likes of Charlie Chaplin, James Stewart, and \"Planet of the Apes\". The Statue of Liberty (film) The Statue of Liberty is a 1985 American documentary film on the history of the Statue of Liberty (\"Liberty Enlightening the World\"). It was produced and directed by Ken Burns. The film first aired on October 28, 1985. It was narrated by historian David McCullough. It was nominated for an Academy Award for",
"title": "The Statue of Liberty (film)"
},
{
"id": "874348",
"text": "The Greek equivalent of the goddess Libertas is Eleutheria, the personification of liberty. As \"Liberty\", Libertas was depicted on the obverse (heads side) of most coinage in the U.S. into the twentieth century. The goddess Libertas is also depicted on the Great Seal of France, created in 1848. This is the image which later influenced French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi in the creation of his statue of Liberty Enlightening the World. Libertas was associated with the pileus, commonly worn by the freed slave: Libertas was also recognized in ancient Rome by the rod (\"vindicta\" or \"festuca\"), used ceremonially in the act",
"title": "Libertas"
},
{
"id": "18399047",
"text": "for final approval, the President of the Republic did not continue the action, as he could not muster the required three-fifths majority in Congress and because of resistance to his project. The bill of 2000 is the first constitutional amendment submitted to referendum pursuant to section 89 of the Constitution. After 73% of \"yes\" votes on , it passed on October 2. It limited the term of French presidents to five years, but was not applied to the president, Jacques Chirac, who was elected in 1995 for seven years. The main motivation for this revision was to avoid cohabitation, by",
"title": "Constitutional amendments under the French Fifth Republic"
},
{
"id": "388726",
"text": "with assistance from Viollet-le-Duc, who fell ill in 1879. He soon died, leaving no indication of how he intended to transition from the copper skin to his proposed masonry pier. The following year, Bartholdi was able to obtain the services of the innovative designer and builder Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel and his structural engineer, Maurice Koechlin, decided to abandon the pier and instead build an iron truss tower. Eiffel opted not to use a completely rigid structure, which would force stresses to accumulate in the skin and lead eventually to cracking. A secondary skeleton was attached to the center pylon, then,",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2481616",
"text": "by the poor attendance of several key allies, most notably the United States. The small United States delegation was led by Secretary of Energy Hazel R. O'Leary and Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs George Moose. In contrast, Houphouët-Boigny's close personal ties with France were reflected in the large French delegation, which included President François Mitterrand; Prime Minister Édouard Balladur; the presidents of the National Assembly and of the Senate, Philippe Séguin and René Monory; former President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing; Jacques Chirac; his friend Jacques Foccart; and six former Prime Ministers. According to \"The New York Times\", \"Houphouët-Boigny's death",
"title": "Félix Houphouët-Boigny"
},
{
"id": "5283164",
"text": "the Federalist program of the 1790s. His administration reduced taxes, government spending, and the national debt, and repealed the Alien and Sedition Acts. In foreign affairs, the major developments were the acquisition of the gigantic Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803, an embargo against trade with both Great Britain and France, and worsening relations with Britain as the United States tried to remain neutral in the midst of the Napoleonic Wars that engulfed Europe. He established a military academy, used the Navy to protect merchant ships from Barbary pirates in North Africa, and developed a plan to protect U.S. ports",
"title": "Presidency of Thomas Jefferson"
},
{
"id": "3608430",
"text": "Presidential $1 Coin Program The Presidential $1 Coin Program (), was the release by the United States Mint of $1 coins with engravings of relief portraits of U.S. presidents on the obverse and the Statue of Liberty on the reverse. From 2007 to 2011, presidential $1 coins were minted for circulation in large numbers, resulting in a large stockpile of unused $1 coins. From 2012 to 2016, new coins in the series were minted only for collectors. , the Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005, was introduced on May 17, 2005, by Senator John E. Sununu with over 70 co-sponsors.",
"title": "Presidential $1 Coin Program"
},
{
"id": "4553045",
"text": "by the \"International Herald Tribune\" on behalf of donors who had contributed approximately $400,000 for its fabrication. It represented the culmination of that newspaper's 1987 celebration of its hundredth anniversary of publishing an English-language daily newspaper in Paris. More importantly, the \"Flame\" was a token of thanks for the restoration work on the Statue of Liberty accomplished three years earlier by two French businesses that did artisanal work on the project, namely Métalliers Champenois, which did the bronze work, and the Gohard Studios, which applied the gold leaf. While the gift to France was prompted by the centennial of the",
"title": "Flame of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "388762",
"text": "detail by French and American engineers as part of the planning for its centennial in 1986. In 1982, it was announced that the statue was in need of considerable restoration. Careful study had revealed that the right arm had been improperly attached to the main structure. It was swaying more and more when strong winds blew and there was a significant risk of structural failure. In addition, the head had been installed off center, and one of the rays was wearing a hole in the right arm when the statue moved in the wind. The armature structure was badly corroded,",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "2199519",
"text": "by Clodius on the site of Marcus Tullius Cicero's house after it had been razed. The figure bears certain resemblances to Sol Invictus, the late Roman Republic sun deity and the crown often associated with that deity often appears in modern depictions of Liberty. In 1793, during the French Revolution, the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral was turned into a \"Temple of Reason\" and, for a time, the Goddess of Liberty replaced the Virgin Mary on several altars. In the United States, \"Liberty\" often is depicted with five-pointed stars, as appear on the American flag, usually held in a raised",
"title": "Liberty (goddess)"
},
{
"id": "17774605",
"text": "to the American colonists in the cause of liberty. He appears as the emblem of the aristocratic and enthusiastic sympathy shown by France to our forefathers.\" Swiatek and Breen noted, \"We may take Lafayette's pose on the statue, as depicted on the coin, to represent him in triumphal procession rather than charging against the enemy—note his sheathed sword, like a Highland pipe major's baton, serving as a standard rather than brandished unsheathed as a weapon.\" Barber's design for the Lafayette dollar has often been criticized. Swiatek and Breen complained about the \"lifeless head of the President [Washington]\". Q. David Bowers",
"title": "Lafayette dollar"
},
{
"id": "13201715",
"text": "of the American diplomatic mission. Purchased by the \"Committee of Americans in Paris\" and offered to the City of Paris, the model was a fund-raising tool, displayed with the aim of inspiring support for the building of the full-sized statue and its transport across the Atlantic. The model remained in place until 1888. Famed publisher Joseph Pulitzer (1847–1911), impressed by the work Bartholdi had done in executing the Statue of Liberty, commissioned him to produce another statue, one emblematic of the French-American friendship. The subject matter, General George Washington and Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, comrades-in-arms during the American",
"title": "Place des États-Unis"
},
{
"id": "388783",
"text": "it is seen half-buried in sand. It is knocked over in the science-fiction film \"Independence Day\" and in \"Cloverfield\" the head is ripped off. In Jack Finney's time-travel novel \"Time and Again\", the right arm of the statue, on display in the early 1880s in Madison Square Park, plays a crucial role. Robert Holdstock, consulting editor of \"The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction\", wondered in 1979: Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue,",
"title": "Statue of Liberty"
},
{
"id": "20834781",
"text": "the Cuban Revolution, Fidel Castro came to power on the island-nation. Initially, French intellectuals and writers were intrigued with the new change in Cuba. In 1960, French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre and French writer Simone de Beauvoir paid a visit to Cuba and met with President Fidel Castro and Argentine-born Cuban revolutionary hero, Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara. In 1962, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, French President Charles de Gaulle supported the United States on the blockade of Cuba to prevent more missiles from landing on the island. During a world tour in December 1964, Cuban diplomat Che Guevara paid an official visit",
"title": "Cuba–France relations"
}
] | who was president when france gave us the statue of liberty |
[
"Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle"
] | [
{
"id": "603350",
"text": "La Marseillaise \"La Marseillaise\" () is the national anthem of France. The song was written in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in Strasbourg after the declaration of war by France against Austria, and was originally titled \"Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin\" (\"War Song for the Rhine Army\"). The French National Convention adopted it as the Republic's anthem in 1795. The song acquired its nickname after being sung in Paris by volunteers from Marseille marching to the capital. The song is the first example of the \"European march\" anthemic style. The anthem's evocative melody and lyrics have",
"title": "La Marseillaise"
},
{
"id": "17633575",
"text": "population had recovered by mid century. In 1792 the city became a focal point of the French Revolution and was the birthplace of France's national anthem, \"La Marseillaise\". The Industrial Revolution and establishment of the French Empire during the 19th century allowed for further expansion of the city, although it was occupied by the German Wehrmacht in November 1942 and subsequently heavily damaged during World War II. The city has since become a major center for immigrant communities from former French colonies, such as French Algeria. Marseille is a major French centre for trade and industry, with excellent transportation infrastructure",
"title": "Marseille"
},
{
"id": "1728810",
"text": "Calixa Lavallée Calixa Lavallée (December 28, 1842 – January 21, 1891) was a French-Canadian-American musician and Union Army band musician during the American Civil War. He is best known for composing the music for \"O Canada,\" which officially became the national anthem of Canada in 1980, after a vote in the Senate and the House of Commons. The same 1980 Act of Parliament also changed some of the English lyrics. A slight alteration to the English lyrics was made again in 2018. The original French lyrics and the music, however, have remained unchanged since 1880. Lavallée was born Calixte Paquet",
"title": "Calixa Lavallée"
},
{
"id": "16823293",
"text": "of the country. France imposed the French blockade of the Río de la Plata in support of the War of the Confederation, and the Unitarians allied with the French. Lavalle launched a new ill-fated invasion of Argentina, and the French gave up the blockade. José Rivera Indarte was one of the unitarians living in Montevideo. He was once a federal and a member of the Popular Restoring Society, and wrote the \"Anthem of the Restorers\" and the \"Federal Anthem\", which were highly eulogistic of Rosas. Indarte was expelled from the university of Buenos Aires for swindling and forging documents and",
"title": "Blood tables: it is a holy action to kill Rosas"
},
{
"id": "141969",
"text": "the old religious and monarchical symbolism. To this end, symbols were borrowed from historic cultures and redefined, while those of the old regime were either destroyed or reattributed acceptable characteristics. These revised symbols were used to instil in the public a new sense of tradition and reverence for the Enlightenment and the Republic. \"La Marseillaise\" () became the national anthem of France. The song was written and composed in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, and was originally titled \"\"Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin\"\". The French National Convention adopted it as the First Republic's anthem in 1795.",
"title": "French Revolution"
},
{
"id": "6992237",
"text": "Cortile\", an Italian-language album that covered Italian songs from the 1920s and 1930s, featuring new musical arrangements, released on the Fonit Cetra label. In January 1965, Milva released the multilingual studio album \"Canti della libertà\", an album in which she sang revolutionary songs and songs of freedom, including the national anthem of France, La Marseilleise, written by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, and La Carmagnole, a French song created and made popular during the French Revolution. Amongst the other songs that composed the album were Italian-language versions of the marching song \"John Brown's Song\", the Spanish \"Los cuatro generales\", and",
"title": "Milva"
},
{
"id": "6348595",
"text": "Hermann Vezin Hermann Vezin (March 2, 1829 – June 12, 1910) was an American actor, teacher of elocution and writer. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and educated at the University of Pennsylvania. Vezin was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Charles Henri Vezin, a merchant of French heritage, and his wife Emilie (née Kalinsky). His great-great-grandfather Pierre de Vezin was married to the seventeenth-century French actress Marie Charlotte de Châteauneuf. Rouget de Lisle, the composer of the French national anthem, \"La Marseillaise,\" was one of his distant cousins. After studying law for several years, Vezin graduated from the",
"title": "Hermann Vezin"
},
{
"id": "19764591",
"text": "of France's national anthem, \"La Marseillaise\". The Industrial Revolution and establishment of the French Empire during the 19th century allowed for further expansion of the city, although it was captured and heavily damaged by Nazi Germany during World War II. The city has since become a major center for immigrant communities from former French colonies, such as French Algeria. Humans have inhabited Marseille and its environs for almost 30,000 years: palaeolithic cave paintings in the underwater Cosquer Cave near the calanque of Morgiou date back to between 27,000 and 19,000 BC; and recent excavations near the railway station have unearthed",
"title": "History of Marseille"
},
{
"id": "1123290",
"text": "Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle (), sometimes spelled de l'Isle or de Lile (10 May 1760 – 26 June 1836), was a French army officer of the French Revolutionary Wars. He is known for writing the words and music of the \"Chant de guerre pour l'armée du Rhin\" in 1792, which would later be known as \"La Marseillaise\" and become the French national anthem. Rouget de Lisle was born at Lons-le-Saunier, reputedly on a market day. His parents lived in the neighbouring village of Montaigu. A plaque was placed at the precise spot of his",
"title": "Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle"
},
{
"id": "7520812",
"text": "Anna Marly Anna Marly (), (30 October 1917 – 15 February 2006), was a Russian-born French singer-songwriter. Born into a wealthy Russian noble family, Marly came to France very young, just after her father was killed in the aftermath of the October Revolution. She is best remembered as the composer of the \"Chant des Partisans\", a song that was used as the unofficial anthem of the Free French Forces during World War II; the popularity of the \"Chant des Partisans\" was such that it was proposed as a new national anthem after the conclusion of the war. Marly (born Anna",
"title": "Anna Marly"
},
{
"id": "18019340",
"text": "the words, \"uniting Liberty and Equality\" were used. This is opposed to the forceful language of early Revolutionary rhetoric and rhetoric of the Bourbon monarchy. By 1798, the Council of Ancients had discussed the \"inevitable\" change from the problematic image of Hercules, and Hercules was eventually phased out in favor of an even more docile image. \"La Marseillaise\" () became the national anthem of France. The song was written and composed in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, and was originally titled \"\"Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin\"\". The French National Convention adopted it as the First Republic's",
"title": "Symbolism in the French Revolution"
},
{
"id": "14426255",
"text": "Moufdi Zakaria Moufdi Zakaria (born Zekri Cheikh; 12 June 1908 – 17 August 1977) was an Algerian activist, poet and writer. He wrote \"Kassaman\", the Algerian national anthem while in prison in 1955. Cheikh Zakaria Ben Slimane Ben Yahia Ben Cheikh Slimane Ben Hadj Aissa was born on 12 June 1908. He was given the nickname of \"Moufdi\" by a school friend. He was born and attended school in the M'zab region of Algeria. He became associated with Algerian nationalists and served time in prison for his beliefs in 1937 and 1938. In 1955 he was imprisoned in Serkadji prison",
"title": "Moufdi Zakaria"
},
{
"id": "1851808",
"text": "Kassaman Kassaman or Qassaman (, \"we pledge\"; , \"the oath\" or \"we swear\") is the national anthem of Algeria. Moufdi Zakaria authored the lyrics, while the music was composed by Egyptian composer Mohamed Fawzi. The song was adopted as the national anthem in 1962, when the country gained independence from France. The French invaded Ottoman Algeria in 1830 and made it an integral part of Metropolitan France within its colonial empire. For the next century, the native population endured oppression and were given no political rights. Consequently, a nationalist movement began in the 1920s and gained traction after World War",
"title": "Kassaman"
},
{
"id": "16485197",
"text": "by George-Étienne Cartier first sung in 1834, during a patriotic banquet of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society held in Montreal. The words were first published in the June 29, 1835, edition of \"La Minerve\" and its music in \"Le Chansonnier des collèges\" in 1850; it is uncertain when the lyrics and music were put together, probably by Ernest Gagnon sometime between 1850 and 1868. The music currently used was composed by Jean-Baptiste Labelle. \"Gens du pays\" has been called the unofficial national anthem of Quebec. Written by poet, songwriter, and avowed Quebec nationalist Gilles Vigneault (with music co-written by Gaston Rochon), it",
"title": "Anthems and nationalistic songs of Canada"
},
{
"id": "1851812",
"text": "5 of the Constitution of Algeria was made declaring it as \"immutable\", given its association with the country's revolution. It also confirmed that the national anthem comprises all of the song's verses, thus ending the deliberation over whether it was still appropriate to include the unfavourable reference to France in the present day. Kassaman Kassaman or Qassaman (, \"we pledge\"; , \"the oath\" or \"we swear\") is the national anthem of Algeria. Moufdi Zakaria authored the lyrics, while the music was composed by Egyptian composer Mohamed Fawzi. The song was adopted as the national anthem in 1962, when the country",
"title": "Kassaman"
},
{
"id": "18980977",
"text": "José Melchor Gomis José Melchor Gomis y Colomer (6 January 1791 – 4 August 1836) was a Spanish Romantic composer. He was born in 1791 in Ontinyent, Vall d'Albaida, Valencia Province. He was director of music for an artillery regiment during the Napoleonic Wars. An early melodrame by Gomis for voice and orchestra was performed at Valencia in 1817. He wrote the music of the \"Himno de Riego\", named after the rebellious General Riego (1784-1823) and since used as the national anthem by various republican governments of Spain. Gomis's political views caused him to live in exile after the accession",
"title": "José Melchor Gomis"
},
{
"id": "128213",
"text": "outside official EU occasions. In France, several adaptations of Beethoven's composition were known long before the onset of European Union. A version by the librettist Maurice Bouchor (1855–1929) entitled \"Hymn to Universal Humanity\" (\"\") adding several verses to a preceding version of Jean Ruault, was published. This version and another by Bouchor, published with Julien Thiersot under the title \"Hymn for future times\" (\"Hymne des temps futurs\") in a music book which was widespread among basic schools, is performed unofficially by school choirs during European events. Another version by the Catholic writer (1903–1972) is also known. In 2004, Austrian Professor",
"title": "Anthem of Europe"
},
{
"id": "17192261",
"text": "La Parisienne (song) La Parisienne (French: \"the Parisian\") is a famous song by Casimir Delavigne. It was composed after the July Revolution and in homage to it, and served as the French national anthem during the July Monarchy (1830-1848). It is sung to the tune of \"\", a German military march, and was harmonized by Daniel Auber. <poem>1</poem> <poem>Peuple Français, peuple de braves, La Liberté rouvre ses bras ; On nous disait : soyez esclaves ! Nous avons dit : soyons soldats ! Soudain Paris, dans sa mémoire A retrouvé son cri de gloire : En avant, marchons Contre les",
"title": "La Parisienne (song)"
},
{
"id": "6422169",
"text": "Maréchal, nous voilà ! \"Maréchal, nous voilà !\" (\"Marshal, here we are!\") is a French song dedicated to Marshal Philippe Pétain. Lyrics were composed by André Montagard (18881963), and music was attributed to André Montagnard and Charles Courtioux. The song was performed by André Dassary and on many official occasions in France and Algeria during Vichy France. \"La Marseillaise\" remained the official national anthem of the state, but \"Maréchal, nous voilà !\" was popular during the Vichy era. Officially, the song was written in 1941, but Montagnard and Courtioux actually plagiarized another song composed by Polish Jewish composer Kazimierz Oberfeld,",
"title": "Maréchal, nous voilà !"
},
{
"id": "15552536",
"text": "son Jacques Philippe Mario Gentil (b 1961). Joseph Philippe Gentil Joseph Philippe Gentil (11 February 1928), is a Mauritian composer best known for composing The Motherland, the National Anthem of Mauritius. Joseph Philippe Gentil was born in the island of Mauritius, Indian Ocean of Irene Annibal and Eugene Gentil son of photographer, musician and conductor, Gabriel Gentil. He worked for over 30 years in the Mauritius Police force, more precisely with the Mauritius Police Band as a musician and composer. He was known in his younger days for his comedies performed live in open air such as at the Jardin",
"title": "Joseph Philippe Gentil"
},
{
"id": "1782144",
"text": "a world-renowned composer. Exceptions include Germany, whose anthem \"Das Lied der Deutschen\" uses a melody written by Joseph Haydn, and Austria, whose national anthem \"Land der Berge, Land am Strome\" is sometimes credited to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The \"Anthem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic\" was composed by Aram Khachaturian. The music of the \"Pontifical Anthem\", anthem of the Vatican City, was composed in 1869 by Charles Gounod, for the golden jubilee of Pope Pius IX's priestly ordination. The committee charged with choosing a national anthem for Malaysia at independence decided to invite selected composers of international repute to submit",
"title": "National anthem"
},
{
"id": "20632661",
"text": "2017. National anthem of Mauritania (1960–2017) The \"National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania\" was Mauritania's former national anthem between 1960 and 2017. Its lyrics are taken from a poem written in the late 18th century by Baba Ould Cheikh. The melody was arranged by Tolia Nikiprowetzky. The anthem was adopted upon independence from France in 1960. The unusual and highly complex rhythm of it makes it extremely difficult to sing; for this reason it is often erroneously listed as wordless. The anthem was replaced by the current national anthem on 16 November 2017, after the Mauritanian constitutional referendum",
"title": "National anthem of Mauritania (1960–2017)"
},
{
"id": "20632660",
"text": "National anthem of Mauritania (1960–2017) The \"National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania\" was Mauritania's former national anthem between 1960 and 2017. Its lyrics are taken from a poem written in the late 18th century by Baba Ould Cheikh. The melody was arranged by Tolia Nikiprowetzky. The anthem was adopted upon independence from France in 1960. The unusual and highly complex rhythm of it makes it extremely difficult to sing; for this reason it is often erroneously listed as wordless. The anthem was replaced by the current national anthem on 16 November 2017, after the Mauritanian constitutional referendum of",
"title": "National anthem of Mauritania (1960–2017)"
},
{
"id": "12486922",
"text": "memoirs in French, English, and Arabic. His cousin Khalil Mardam Bey was a poet and the composer of the Syrian national anthem. Jamil Mardam Bey Jamil Mardam Bey (; ; 1893–1960), was a Syrian politician. He was born in Damascus to a prominent aristocratic Sunni Muslim family. He is descended from Ottoman's general, statesman and Grand Vizier Lala Mustafa Pasha. He studied at the school of Political Science in Paris and was a founder of Al-Fatat, the leading opposition party in Ottoman Syria. Mardam Bey was born in Damascus in 1893 to one of the most prominent Syrian families of",
"title": "Jamil Mardam Bey"
},
{
"id": "1636991",
"text": "Els Segadors Els Segadors (; \"The Reapers\") is the official national anthem of Catalonia, nationality and autonomous community of Spain. Though the original song dates in the oral tradition to 1640, its modern lyrics were written by Emili Guanyavents, who won a competition convened by the political party Unió Catalanista in 1899. The music was standardized by Francesc Alió in 1892. The song is based on the events of 1640 known as \"Corpus de Sang\" during the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) between Spain, England, France and Austria, the event that started the Catalan Revolt or \"Guerra dels Segadors\" (Reapers' War)",
"title": "Els Segadors"
},
{
"id": "19198171",
"text": "works were examined by the police before being performed. The former Academy of Music became the \"Académie impériale de musique\". The official composer of Napoleon's regime was Jean-François Lesueur, who wrote a heroic opera, \"Ossian, ou Les bardes\" to glorify Napoleon. It was performed more than a hundred times in Paris before Napoleon's fall. Lesueur also wrote a special march for the coronation of Napoleon as Emperor at Notre-Dame, and directed the solemn mass, \"Te Deum\" and other music performed at the coronation. Lesueur wrote new opera \"Le Triomphe de Trajan\", to celebrate Napoleon's victories at Jena, Friedland and Eylau.",
"title": "History of music in Paris"
},
{
"id": "15552531",
"text": "Joseph Philippe Gentil Joseph Philippe Gentil (11 February 1928), is a Mauritian composer best known for composing The Motherland, the National Anthem of Mauritius. Joseph Philippe Gentil was born in the island of Mauritius, Indian Ocean of Irene Annibal and Eugene Gentil son of photographer, musician and conductor, Gabriel Gentil. He worked for over 30 years in the Mauritius Police force, more precisely with the Mauritius Police Band as a musician and composer. He was known in his younger days for his comedies performed live in open air such as at the Jardin De La Compagnie, Port Louis. He later",
"title": "Joseph Philippe Gentil"
},
{
"id": "14426256",
"text": "by the French for his politics. There he wrote a poem called \"Qassaman\" or \"The Pledge\". It was said that he wrote the poem on the walls of his cell using his own blood because he had neither pencils nor paper to write in the prison. The poem was later set to music by Mohamed Triki in 1956 and then by Mohamed Fawzi. The final song was heard in 1957. This poem became the Algerian national anthem shortly after 5 July 1962 when independence was achieved. Zakaria died in 1977 in Tunisia but his body was buried in Algeria. His",
"title": "Moufdi Zakaria"
},
{
"id": "15512083",
"text": "National symbols of France National symbols of France are emblems of the French nation, and are the cornerstone of the republican tradition. The national emblems of the French Fifth Republic are: Other symbols include: The Flag of France is a tricolour, and consists in three vertical stripes of equal width, coloured in royal blue, white, and red. It is the only official French emblem, according to article 2 of the current Constitution of France, adopted in 1958. The national anthem \"La Marseillaise\" was composed by Rouget de Lisle in 1792. Marianne embodies the Republic. A personification of liberty and reason,",
"title": "National symbols of France"
},
{
"id": "12631740",
"text": "Tous ensemble \"Tous Ensemble\" is a song recorded in 2002 by French singer Johnny Hallyday. The song was released as a single on 23 April 2002. It was the official anthem of the French football team during the 2002 FIFA World Cup. French singer and songwriter Catherine Lara participated in the writing of the lyrics and produced the song. Michel Sanchez, who was member of the band Deep Forest, co-wrote the lyrics. The song became the second football anthem to reach the top of the singles chart in France, four years after Ricky Martin's hit \"La Copa de la Vida\".",
"title": "Tous ensemble"
},
{
"id": "9985583",
"text": "Karel Miry Karel Miry (14 August 1823 Ghent - 3 October 1889 Ghent) was a Belgian composer. He was one of the first Belgian composers to write operas to librettos in Dutch and is known as the composer of the music for De Vlaamse Leeuw, the national anthem of Flanders, for which Hippoliet van Peene wrote the lyrics. Karel Miry studied the violin with Jean Andries and harmony and composition with Martin Joseph Mengal at the Royal Conservatory of Ghent. He completed these studies at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels, where he was a student of François-Auguste Gevaert. Miry succeeded",
"title": "Karel Miry"
},
{
"id": "5863161",
"text": "\"songs of (heroic) deeds\"), epic poems typically composed in ten-syllable assonanced (occasionally rhymed) \"laisses\". More than one hundred \"chansons de geste\" have survived in around three hundred manuscripts. The chief theme of the earliest French epics was the court of Charlemagne, Charles Martel and Charles the Bald and their wars against the Moors and Saracens, or disputes between kings and their rebellious vassals. The oldest and most celebrated of the \"chansons de geste\" is \"The Song of Roland\" (earliest version composed c. 1098), seen by some as the national epic of France (comparable with \"Beowulf\" in England, the \"Song of",
"title": "Medieval French literature"
},
{
"id": "17633565",
"text": "Marseille Marseille (; , ; Marseilles; ) is the second-largest city of France. The main city of the historical province of Provence, today it is the capital of the department of Bouches-du-Rhône and region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. It is located on France's south coast near the mouth of the Rhône river. The city covers an area of and had a population of 852,516 in 2012. Its metropolitan area, which extends over is the third-largest in France after Paris and Lyon, with a population of 1,831,500 as of 2010. Known to the ancient Greeks and Romans as \"Massalia\" (, \"Massalía\"), Marseille",
"title": "Marseille"
},
{
"id": "11566374",
"text": "Madrid Conservatory, which he would retain until his retirement in 1854. He composed a variety of songs, church music, and symphonies; his best-remembered composition today being the National Anthem of Chile. He died in Madrid in 1855. Some of his operas are lost, but are known from references in documents of the period. However the authorship of several of the pieces is not fully clear. Ramón Carnicer Ramón Carnicer i Batlle (October 24, 1789 – March 17, 1855) was a Spanish composer and opera conductor, today best known for composing the National Anthem of Chile. Carnicer was born in Tàrrega,",
"title": "Ramón Carnicer"
},
{
"id": "1906583",
"text": "Hanns Eisler Hanns Eisler (6 July 1898 – 6 September 1962) was an Austrian composer (his father was Austrian, and Eisler fought in a Hungarian regiment in World War I). He is best known for composing the national anthem of East Germany, for his long artistic association with Bertolt Brecht, and for the scores he wrote for films. The Hochschule für Musik \"Hanns Eisler\" is named after him. Johannes Eisler was born in Leipzig in Saxony, the son of Rudolf Eisler, a professor of philosophy, and Marie Ida Fischer. His father was Jewish and his mother was Lutheran. In 1901,",
"title": "Hanns Eisler"
},
{
"id": "3312515",
"text": "Adolphe-Basile Routhier Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier, FRSC (May 8, 1839 – June 27, 1920) was a Canadian judge, author, and lyricist. He wrote the lyrics of the original French version of the Canadian national anthem \"O Canada\". He was born in Saint-Placide, Quebec, to Charles Routhier and Angélique Lafleur. Routhier studied law at Université Laval. He graduated and was called to the Quebec bar in 1861. He was appointed to the Quebec Superior Court in 1873 (as Chief Justice from 1904 to 1906) and Admiralty of the Exchequer Court of Canada (from 1897 to 1906). Routhier was involved in several federal",
"title": "Adolphe-Basile Routhier"
},
{
"id": "8805323",
"text": "French opera French opera is one of Europe's most important operatic traditions, containing works by composers of the stature of Rameau, Berlioz, Gounod, Bizet, Massenet, Debussy, Ravel, Poulenc and Messiaen. Many foreign-born composers have played a part in the French tradition as well, including Lully, Gluck, Salieri, Cherubini, Spontini, Meyerbeer, Rossini, Donizetti, Verdi and Offenbach. French opera began at the court of Louis XIV of France with Jean-Baptiste Lully's \"Cadmus et Hermione\" (1673), although there had been various experiments with the form before that, most notably \"Pomone\" by Robert Cambert. Lully and his librettist Quinault created \"tragédie en musique\", a",
"title": "French opera"
},
{
"id": "7520818",
"text": "Marly was named a chevalier de La Légion d'Honneur by François Mitterrand in 1985, the fortieth anniversary of the liberation of France. Anna Marly Anna Marly (), (30 October 1917 – 15 February 2006), was a Russian-born French singer-songwriter. Born into a wealthy Russian noble family, Marly came to France very young, just after her father was killed in the aftermath of the October Revolution. She is best remembered as the composer of the \"Chant des Partisans\", a song that was used as the unofficial anthem of the Free French Forces during World War II; the popularity of the \"Chant",
"title": "Anna Marly"
},
{
"id": "16871447",
"text": "as a symbol of quality today. \"1792 :\" Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich (Jean's son), first mayor of Strasbourg in republican France, orders captain Rouget de Lisle to compose a military hymn for the Army of the Rhine. First sung in Philippe-Frederic's parlor on Place Broglie, \"La Marseillaise\" became France's national anthem. \"1804 :\" After the havoc left by the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte helps De Dietrich rebuild. \"1848 :\" De Dietrich embraces the industrial era by progressively reducing the production of cast irons in favor of mechanical and railroad equipment. \"1870 :\" Despite the annexation by Germany of Alsace-Lorraine, the Dietrich",
"title": "De Dietrich"
},
{
"id": "588092",
"text": "war song for the revolutionary Army of the Rhine, it became famous when it sung on the streets of Paris by the volunteers from Marseille, who had heard it when it was sung in Marseille by a young volunteer from Montpellier named François Mireur. It became the most popular song of the Revolution, and in 1879 became the national anthem of France. The Revolution was as violent and bloody in Provence as it was in other parts of France. On 30 April 1790, Fort Saint-Nicolas in Marseille was besieged, and many of the soldiers inside were massacred. On 17 October",
"title": "Provence"
},
{
"id": "9468049",
"text": "Khalil Mardam Bey Khalil Mardam Bek (1895–1959) ( ) was a Syrian poet and critique who is most notable for composing the lyrics of the Syrian National Anthem. Mardam Bey was born in Ottoman Damascus to a well-known family of Turkish origin. His father was Ahmed Mukhtar Mardam Bey and his mother was Fatima Mahmoud Hamzaoui; they had six children - of which Mardam Bey was the only son. He was one of the descendants of the Ottoman general, statesman, and Grand Vizier Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha. He was chosen as the leader of the Syrian Literature Association, which was",
"title": "Khalil Mardam Bey"
},
{
"id": "16189048",
"text": "Antonio Neumane Antonio Neumane (June 13, 1818 – March 3, 1871) was a composer, pianist, and orchestra director. His most notable work is the music of the Ecuadorian National Anthem \"Salve, Oh Patria\" with the text written by Juan León Mera. Antonio Neumane was born in Corsica, France on June 13, 1818. Both his parents, Serafín Neumane and Margarita Marno, were German. He studied at a music conservatory in Vienna despite his parents’ wishes that he study medicine. In 1834 he moved to Milan, Italy where he taught at a music academy. Three years later he returned to Austria and",
"title": "Antonio Neumane"
},
{
"id": "1918636",
"text": "a later editions, there were changes to the third verse. Even so, for historians, it is the second Canción Nacional that is known. In 1865, the Argentine musician Juan José Allende, in collaboration with the Ecuadorian Army, presented to the National Congress a musical project for the lyrics by José Joaquín de Olmedo, but it was not well received. In November of this year, at the express request of the president of the Senate, Nicolás Espinosa, the Ambateño poet Juan León Mera Martínez, who was then the secretary of the Senate, wrote and submitted the lyrics of the National Anthem.",
"title": "Salve, Oh Patria"
},
{
"id": "603354",
"text": "way when it was written. Strasbourg itself was attacked just a few days later. The invading forces were repulsed from France following their defeat in the Battle of Valmy. As the vast majority of Alsatians did not speak French, a German version (\"Auf, Brüder, auf dem Tag entgegen\") was published in October 1792 in Colmar. The Convention accepted it as the French national anthem in a decree passed on 14 July 1795, making it France's first anthem. It later lost this status under Napoleon I, and the song was banned outright by Louis XVIII and Charles X, only being re-instated",
"title": "La Marseillaise"
},
{
"id": "12586990",
"text": "Marées\" (1993). He produced Patrick Fiori in the Eurovision Song Contest 1993 with \"Mama Corsica\". In 2001, he produced the musical \"L'Ombre d'un géant\" sung by Rose Laurens and Sophie Delmas. In 2003, he composed the official anthem of the France national rugby union team, \"Standing Ovation\". François Valéry François Valéry (real name : Jean-Louis Mougeot, born on 4 August 1954, in Oran, French Algeria) is a French singer-songwriter and composer. He became famous for his romantic songs and his disco hits of the 1970s and for having composed and performed several soundtracks in the 1980s, following the success of",
"title": "François Valéry"
},
{
"id": "128205",
"text": "the same piece of music was adopted as the national anthem of the unrecognized state of Rhodesia. Conductor Herbert von Karajan was asked to write three instrumental arrangements – for solo piano, for wind instruments and for symphony orchestra and he conducted the performance used to make the official recording. He wrote his decisions on the score, notably those concerning the tempo. Karajan decided on minim (half note) = 80 whereas Beethoven had written crotchet (quarter note) = 120. The anthem was launched via a major information campaign on Europe Day in 1972. In 1985, it was adopted by EU",
"title": "Anthem of Europe"
},
{
"id": "11623438",
"text": "Jean-Baptiste Morin (composer) Jean-Baptiste Morin (2 February 1677 – 27 April 1745) was a French composer and the \"Ordinaire de la Musique\" to Philippe, Duke of Orléans before and perhaps during his regency. From 1719 to 1731 Morin was \"Maître de musique\" of Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans, daughter of the Duke, at the royal abbey of Chelles, near Paris. Morin was born in Orléans. He penned numerous works, including most famously a set of cantatas (published between 1706 and 1712). These provided a fusion of a French with the Italian style then popular at the Regent's court. Morin noted in the",
"title": "Jean-Baptiste Morin (composer)"
},
{
"id": "20146553",
"text": "Mendelssohn. William Gordon, co-inventor of the Boehm system, and were among his pupils. He was often referred to as the \"Paganini of flute\". The musicologist Arthur Pougin wanted to attribute to Louis Drouet (apparently wrongly) the melody of the unofficial hymn of the Second French Empire, \"Partant pour la Syrie\", although considered as having been composed by Hortense de Beauharnais, Queen of Holland from 1806 to 1810, and Napoléon III's mother. Louis Drouet Louis-François-Philippe Drouet (14 April 1792 – 30 September 1873) was a 19th-century French flautist and composer. Born of a French father expatriated in the Netherlands and barber",
"title": "Louis Drouet"
},
{
"id": "11401446",
"text": "Canal de Marseille The Canal de Marseille is a major source of drinking water for the city of Marseille, the largest city in Provence, France. The canal's length along its main artery is - though there is an additional of minor arteries - and it services the entire district of Marseille. It took fifteen years of construction under the direction of the engineer Franz Mayor de Montricher, and was opened on July 8, 1849. It represents a significant achievement in nineteenth century engineering, combining bridges, tunnels, and reservoirs to create a canal over mountainous terrain. Until 1970, it was almost",
"title": "Canal de Marseille"
},
{
"id": "6099307",
"text": "Music history of France Some of the earliest manuscripts with polyphony are organum from 10th century French cities like Chartres and Tours. A group of musicians from the Abbey of St. Martial in Limoges are especially important, as are the 12th century Parisian composers from whence came the earliest motets. Secular music in medieval France was dominated by troubadours, jongleurs and trouveres, who were poets and musicians known for creating forms like the ballade (forme fixe) and lai. The most famous was Adam de la Halle. The Notre Dame school was a style of polyphonic organum that flourished at Paris'",
"title": "Music history of France"
},
{
"id": "20311532",
"text": "S'hymnu sardu nationale S'hymnu sardu nationale (\"The Sardinian National Anthem\"), also known as \"Cunservet Deus su Re\" (\"God Save the King\"), was the national anthem of the Kingdom of Sardinia under Savoyard rule. Dating back to the 1830s, the anthem was written by the priest Vittorio Angius, who became secular in 1842. The music was composed by a maestro from Sassari, Giovanni Gonella (1804- 1854), that was also the musician of the \"Brigata Regina\". The anthem was first performed at the Cagliari Civic Theater on February 20, 1844. The original score was found in the archives of the Music Auditorium",
"title": "S'hymnu sardu nationale"
},
{
"id": "1741008",
"text": "The Song of Roland The Song of Roland () is an epic poem (Chanson de geste) based on the Battle of Roncevaux Pass in 778, during the reign of Charlemagne. It is the oldest surviving major work of French literature and exists in various manuscript versions, which testify to its enormous and enduring popularity in the 12th to 14th centuries. The date of composition is put in the period between 1040 and 1115: an early version beginning around 1040 with additions and alterations made up until about 1115. The final text has about 4,000 lines of poetry. The epic poem",
"title": "The Song of Roland"
},
{
"id": "5498682",
"text": "by Dussere, but is now out of print. Tarot of Marseilles The Tarot of Marseilles or Tarot of Marseille, also widely known by the French designation Tarot de Marseille, is one of the standard patterns for the design of tarot cards. It is a pattern from which many subsequent tarot decks derive. Michael Dummett's research led him to conclude that (based on the lack of earlier documentary evidence) the Tarot deck was probably invented in northern Italy in the 15th century and introduced into southern France when the French conquered Milan and the Piedmont in 1499. The antecedents of the",
"title": "Tarot of Marseilles"
},
{
"id": "1728815",
"text": "Victoria's Rifles, Joseph-Laurent Gariépy, his remains were returned to Montréal and reinterred at Côte-des-Neiges Cemetery in 1933. The village of Calixa-Lavallée, southeast of Montreal, is named after him. The professional training school Calixa-Lavallée in Quebec also bears his name. The following roads were named to honour Calixa Lavallée: Notes References Calixa Lavallée Calixa Lavallée (December 28, 1842 – January 21, 1891) was a French-Canadian-American musician and Union Army band musician during the American Civil War. He is best known for composing the music for \"O Canada,\" which officially became the national anthem of Canada in 1980, after a vote in",
"title": "Calixa Lavallée"
},
{
"id": "2836253",
"text": "Fromental Halévy Jacques-François-Fromental-Élie Halévy, usually known as Fromental Halévy (; 27 May 179917 March 1862), was a French composer. He is known today largely for his opera \"La Juive\". Halévy was born in Paris, son of the cantor Élie Halfon Halévy, who was the secretary of the Jewish community of Paris and a writer and teacher of Hebrew, and a French Jewish mother. The name Fromental (meaning 'oat grass'), by which he was generally known, reflects his birth on the day dedicated to that plant: 7 Prairial in the French Revolutionary calendar, which was still operative at that time. He",
"title": "Fromental Halévy"
},
{
"id": "6422170",
"text": "\"\". Oberfeld was later deported to Auschwitz in 1945, where he died. Maréchal, nous voilà ! \"Maréchal, nous voilà !\" (\"Marshal, here we are!\") is a French song dedicated to Marshal Philippe Pétain. Lyrics were composed by André Montagard (18881963), and music was attributed to André Montagnard and Charles Courtioux. The song was performed by André Dassary and on many official occasions in France and Algeria during Vichy France. \"La Marseillaise\" remained the official national anthem of the state, but \"Maréchal, nous voilà !\" was popular during the Vichy era. Officially, the song was written in 1941, but Montagnard and",
"title": "Maréchal, nous voilà !"
},
{
"id": "10981996",
"text": "Charles-Simon Catel Charles-Simon Catel (10 July 1773 – 29 November 1830) was a French composer and educator born at L'Aigle, Orne. Catel studied at the Royal School of Singing in Paris. He was the chief assistant to François-Joseph Gossec at the orchestra of the National Guard in 1790. A member of the Institute, he jointly composed pieces of military music for official state ceremonies, including \"L'Hymne à la Victoire\" (Victory Hymn), with words by Ponce-Denis Écouchard-Lebrun. He was appointed inaugural professor of harmony at the Conservatoire de Paris, but was destitute in 1814. Amongst his students was the Prix de",
"title": "Charles-Simon Catel"
},
{
"id": "1636993",
"text": "by its article 8.4. Contemporary Catalan composer Jordi Savall made a version of the folk song, using the original narrative (which dates back to the seventeenth century) combined with the modern lyrics and refrain, which were added later. The song has also been recorded and interepreted by major artists, included on albums such as \"Traditional Catalan Songs\" (Victoria de los Ángeles). In October 2017, American band A Sound of Thunder released a heavy metal variation of the anthem, using a mix of English and Catalan lyrics. Els Segadors Els Segadors (; \"The Reapers\") is the official national anthem of Catalonia,",
"title": "Els Segadors"
},
{
"id": "9080465",
"text": "Henri Caïn Henri Cain (11 October 1857 – 21 November 1937) was a French dramatist, opera and ballet librettist. He wrote over forty librettos from 1893 to his death, for many of the most prominent composers of the Parisian Belle Epoque. Cain was born in Paris, the son of the sculptor Auguste Cain and brother of the painter Georges Cain. He studied painting in the studios of Jean-Paul Laurens and Édouard Detaille. He was married to the soprano Julia Guiraudon. Close to Edouard de La Gandara, Jean Dara when he worked with Sarah Bernhardt, Henri Cain was an admirer of",
"title": "Henri Caïn"
},
{
"id": "20882355",
"text": "overture to his lyrical tragedy \"Elmyra\". Paris composed the opéra comique \"La veillée\" for the Paris Opera (Salle Ventadour). Paris worked as a conductor at the Théâtre du Panthéon and taught in Paris and Lyon. Claude Paris Claude Paris (19 September 1808 in Lyon – 25 July 1866) was a 19th-century French composer. Paris studied musical composition with Jean-François Lesueur at the Conservatoire de Paris. In 1826 he won the Premier Grand Prix de Rome with the cantata \"Herminie\". During his stay in Rome he performed the opéra bouffe \"L'Allogio militaire\" at the Teatro San Benedetto in Venice in 1829.",
"title": "Claude Paris"
},
{
"id": "308453",
"text": "and opera and comedy\", and a national musical printing house was established. In the Baroque-era, noted composers included Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, and François Couperin. The \"Conservatoire de Musique de Paris\" was founded in 1795. By 1870, Paris had become an important centre for symphony, ballet and operatic music. Romantic-era composers (in Paris) include Hector Berlioz (\"La Symphonie fantastique\"), Charles Gounod (\"Faust\"), Camille Saint-Saëns (\"Samson et Delilah\"), Léo Delibes (\"Lakmé\") and Jules Massenet (\"Thaïs\"), among others. Georges Bizet's \"Carmen\" premiered 3 March 1875. \"Carmen\" has since become one of the most popular and frequently-performed operas in the classical canon. Among",
"title": "Paris"
},
{
"id": "17633609",
"text": "with 27 cities all over the world: Marseille Marseille (; , ; Marseilles; ) is the second-largest city of France. The main city of the historical province of Provence, today it is the capital of the department of Bouches-du-Rhône and region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. It is located on France's south coast near the mouth of the Rhône river. The city covers an area of and had a population of 852,516 in 2012. Its metropolitan area, which extends over is the third-largest in France after Paris and Lyon, with a population of 1,831,500 as of 2010. Known to the ancient Greeks",
"title": "Marseille"
},
{
"id": "13416703",
"text": "Tunisian national anthem are largely the work of Al-Rafe'ie. Mostafa Saadeq Al-Rafe'ie Mostafa Saadeq Al-Rafe' (1 January 1880 – May 1937) was an Egyptian poet, born in Egypt in Tanta, Egypt. His parents were from Syrian origins. His maternal grandfather was Sheikh Eltoukhy of Aleppo who managed his business between The Levant and Egypt. Mostafa Saadeq Al-Rafe' became deaf after contracting typhoid fever. Despite his hearing disability and the fact that he was self-taught, he became one of the most famous Arab poets of the early twentieth century. He composed the words of the Egyptian national anthem Eslami ya Misr,",
"title": "Mostafa Saadeq Al-Rafe'ie"
},
{
"id": "12024094",
"text": "magazine Morrissey cleared up the issue: On 30 May 2008, true-to-you.net posted the following on Morrissey's 2008 album: Featured tracks \"That's How People Grow Up\", \"All You Need Is Me\", \"Something Is Squeezing My Skull\", \"Mama Lay Softly on the Riverbed\", \"I'm Throwing My Arms Around Paris\" and \"One Day Goodbye Will Be Farewell\" were all debuted on Morrissey's 2007–2008 \"Greatest Hits\" tour. Of the twelve tracks, current guitarist Boz Boorer wrote four and former guitarist Alain Whyte wrote five. The remaining three tracks are Jesse Tobias compositions. Though he wrote nearly half the songs on the album Whyte did",
"title": "Years of Refusal"
},
{
"id": "1851898",
"text": "El Gran Carlemany \"El Gran Carlemany\" (; \"The Great Charlemagne\") is the national anthem of the Principality of Andorra. Enric Marfany Bons composed the music, while the lyrics were authored by Joan Benlloch i Vivó, written in a first-person narrative. It was adopted as the national anthem on September 8, 1921, which is also the national day of Andorra. The lyrics make reference to several key aspects of Andorran culture and history, such as the heritage of the Carolingian Empire. \"El Gran Carlemany\" was composed by Enric Marfany Bons (1871–1942), who was a priest. The lyrics to the song were",
"title": "El Gran Carlemany"
},
{
"id": "141970",
"text": "It acquired its nickname after being sung in Paris by volunteers from Marseille marching on the capital. The song is the first example of the \"European march\" anthemic style. The anthem's evocative melody and lyrics have led to its widespread use as a song of revolution and its incorporation into many pieces of classical and popular music. Cerulo says, \"the design of \"La Marseillaise\" is credited to General Strasburg of France, who is said to have directed de Lisle, the composer of the anthem, to 'produce one of those hymns which conveys to the soul of the people the enthusiasm",
"title": "French Revolution"
},
{
"id": "19498025",
"text": "Amédée de Beauplan Amédée de Beauplan (11 July 1790 – 24 December 1853) was a 19th-century French playwright, composer and painter. Much of his family (including his father), close to queen Marie Antoinette's entourage, was executed during the French Revolution. He composed hit songs, including \"Le Pardon\" and \"Dormez, mes chères amours\", and the famous \"Leçon de valse du petit François\" (1834) sung in cabarets for over a century (in particular by ), and two opéras comiques: \"L'Amazone\", after Scribe, Delestre-Poirson and Mélesville (1830) and \"Le Mari au bal\" (1845). He also authored several vaudevilles, novels, fables and painted some",
"title": "Amédée de Beauplan"
},
{
"id": "2479222",
"text": "the river's left bank around the cities of Cologne, Worms, Trier and Speyer. In response to the Ems Dispatch incident, which occurred in Bad Ems, not far from the Rhine, France initiated the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71. When in the aftermath of the subsequent French defeat, the Prussian prime minister Otto von Bismarck achieved the Unification of Germany and the German Empire including Alsace-Lorraine was established, \"\"—beside \"\"—was the unofficial second national anthem. The song became famous, and both the composer and the family of the author were honoured and granted an annual pension by Bismarck. The song's lyrics also",
"title": "Die Wacht am Rhein"
},
{
"id": "7688088",
"text": "de Musique at Lyon, while continuing to compose music. One of his notable students is composer Micheline Coulombe Saint-Marcoux. Amy's talent as a composer has won him a number of awards including the Grand Prix National de la Musique in 1979, the Grand Prix of SACEM in 1983, the Grand Prix Musical of the City of Paris in 1986 and the Prix of the President of the Republic from the Academy Charles Cros in 1987. Gilbert Amy Gilbert Amy (born 29 August 1936) is a French composer and conductor. Born in Paris, he entered the Conservatoire de Paris in 1954,",
"title": "Gilbert Amy"
},
{
"id": "2349754",
"text": "Claude-Michel Schönberg Claude-Michel Schönberg (born 6 July 1944 in Vannes) is a French record producer, actor, singer, songwriter, and musical theatre composer, best known for his collaborations with lyricist Alain Boublil. Major works include \"La Révolution Française\" (1973), \"Les Misérables\" (1980), \"Miss Saigon\" (1989), \"Martin Guerre\" (1996), \"The Pirate Queen\" (2006), and \"Marguerite\" (2008). Schönberg began his career as a record producer and a singer. He wrote most of the music for the French musical and rock opera \"La Révolution Française\", France's first rock opera, in 1973. He played the role of King Louis XVI in the show's production that",
"title": "Claude-Michel Schönberg"
},
{
"id": "2074476",
"text": "France Gall Isabelle Geneviève Marie Anne \"France\" Gall (9 October 1947 – 7 January 2018) was a French \"yé-yé\" singer. In 1965, aged 17, she won the Eurovision Song Contest. Between 1973 until 1992, she collaborated with singer-songwriter Michel Berger. Gall was born in Paris on 9 October 1947, to a highly musical family. Her father, the lyricist Robert Gall, wrote songs for Édith Piaf and Charles Aznavour. Her mother, Cécile Berthier, was a singer as well and the daughter of Paul Berthier, the co-founder of Les Petits Chanteurs à la Croix de Bois. The only daughter of her family,",
"title": "France Gall"
},
{
"id": "19764610",
"text": "antiquités et des monuments marseillais qui peuvent intéresser l'histoire et les arts\" (\"Collection of antiquities and Marseille monuments which can interest history and the arts\"), which for a long time was the primary resource on the history of the monuments of the city. The local population enthusiastically embraced the French Revolution and sent 500 volunteers to Paris in 1792 to defend the revolutionary government; their rallying call to revolution, sung on their march from Marseille to Paris, became known as \"La Marseillaise\", now the national anthem of France. During the 19th century, the city was the site of industrial innovations",
"title": "History of Marseille"
},
{
"id": "13937953",
"text": "André Amellér André Amellér (2 January 1912 – 14 May 1990) was a French composer and conductor. He is considered part of the French school of 20th-century classical music. Amellér played double bass for the Opéra national de Paris from 1937 to 1953, except for a brief period spent as a prisoner of war in Germany. He was the director of the conservatoire national in Dijon from 1953 to 1981. Amellér was born in Arnaville, Meurthe et Moselle) to a family of amateur musicians. He began studying violin at a young age in the family's home in Chelles. He later",
"title": "André Amellér"
},
{
"id": "11623440",
"text": "musique') provides the hunting call motif that Haydn later employed in his Symphony no. 73. Morin died in Paris in 1745 (and not 1754 : cf. his 'Inventaire après décès' in Paris, Archives nationales). Jean-Baptiste Morin (composer) Jean-Baptiste Morin (2 February 1677 – 27 April 1745) was a French composer and the \"Ordinaire de la Musique\" to Philippe, Duke of Orléans before and perhaps during his regency. From 1719 to 1731 Morin was \"Maître de musique\" of Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans, daughter of the Duke, at the royal abbey of Chelles, near Paris. Morin was born in Orléans. He penned numerous",
"title": "Jean-Baptiste Morin (composer)"
},
{
"id": "2476602",
"text": "August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben (; 2 April 179819 January 1874) was a German poet. He is best known for writing \"Das Lied der Deutschen\", its third stanza now being the national anthem of Germany, and a number of popular children's songs, considered part of the Young Germany movement. Hoffmann was born in Fallersleben in Lower Saxony, then in the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The son of a merchant and mayor of his native city, he was educated at the classical schools of Helmstedt and Braunschweig, and afterwards at the universities of Göttingen and Bonn. His",
"title": "August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben"
},
{
"id": "5394946",
"text": "Solage Solage (or Soulage), possibly Jean So(u)lage (fl. late 14th century) was a French composer, and probably also a poet. He composed the most pieces in the Chantilly Codex, the principal source of music of the \"ars subtilior\", the manneristic compositional school centered on Avignon at the end of the century. Nothing is known about Solage's life, beyond what can be inferred from the texts to his music. Even his name is a puzzle. One possibility is that the single name \"Solage\" is a nickname or pseudonym, similar to others known from the period, such as Grimace or Hasprois .",
"title": "Solage"
},
{
"id": "19509137",
"text": "Alexandre Barrière Alexis Barrière, full name Daniel Alexandre François Barrière, also called Barrière aîné, (Paris 22 October 1792 – ca. 1865 ) was a 19th-century Frenchy playwright, engraver and song writer. An engraver, trained by his father, he drew a part of the campaign plans for the marshal Laurent de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr as well as maps of Swabia, Russia, Corsica or Spain and of the county Mayo. He also made prints for the library. His plays were presented on the most famous Parisian stages of the 19th century: Théâtre du Vaudeville, Théâtre des Variétés, Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique, etc. His songs were",
"title": "Alexandre Barrière"
},
{
"id": "16983609",
"text": "Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film soundtrack for the Universal Pictures film \"Les Misérables\", performed by Hugh Jackman, Russell Crowe, Anne Hathaway, Amanda Seyfried, Eddie Redmayne, Samantha Barks, Aaron Tveit, Helena Bonham Carter, Sacha Baron Cohen and other artists. It was released on December 21, 2012. The music is written by Claude-Michel Schönberg; the lyrics by Herbert Kretzmer based on the French text by Alain Boublil and Jean-Marc Natel. In an interview with BBC Radio 4's Front Row, Tom Hooper the film's director, revealed that Claude-Michel Schönberg",
"title": "Les Misérables: Highlights from the Motion Picture Soundtrack"
},
{
"id": "19198229",
"text": "music of new French composers, including Debussy, Gabriel Fauré, and Maurice Ravel. In addition to the SNM, Paris had three world-class symphony orchestras during the \"Belle Époque\", In 1873 the Concert National was founded, under the direction of Édouard Colonne. It performed regularly at the Théatre du Châtelet, and premiered works by Debussy, Franck, Charles Gounod, Fauré, Massenet, and Sant-Saëns. Colonne invited leading European composers, including Richard Strauss, Edvard Grieg, and Piotr Tchaikovsky to conduct their works in Paris. He was also the first conductor of note to make commercial gramophone (phonograph) records, for the Pathé company in 1906. A",
"title": "History of music in Paris"
},
{
"id": "887857",
"text": "litigation. Gounod had lodged with Weldon and her husband in London's Tavistock House. He performed publicly many times with Ferdinando de Cristofaro, a mandolin virtuoso living in Paris. Gounod was said to take pleasure in accompanying Cristofaro's mandolin compositions with piano. Later in his life Gounod returned to his early religious impulses, writing much sacred music. His \"Pontifical Anthem\" (\"Marche Pontificale\", 1869) eventually (1949) became the official national anthem of Vatican City. He expressed a desire to compose his \"Messe à la mémoire de Jeanne d'Arc\" (1887) while kneeling on the stone on which Joan of Arc knelt at the",
"title": "Charles Gounod"
},
{
"id": "5972586",
"text": "Herman Bemberg Herman Emanuel Bemberg Ocampo (29 March 1859 – 21 July 1931) was a German-Argentinean composer. He was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, of German Argentine parents (Otto Bemberg 1827–95 and Luisa Bernabela Ocampo Regueira 1831–1904) and studied at the Paris Conservatoire, under Massenet, whose influence, with that of Gounod, is strongly marked in his music. He won the Rossini Prize in 1885. As a composer, he was known by numerous songs and pieces for the piano, as well as by his cantata \"La Mort de Jeanne d'Arc\" (1886), the comic opera \"Le Baiser de Suzon\" (1888), and the",
"title": "Herman Bemberg"
},
{
"id": "14426680",
"text": "court, Masarnau abandoned his original intentions of a career in engineering, and went to study music in Paris. He may have been influenced in the decision to leave Spain by political sympathies with the liberal insurgency that sought to depose the king in these years. For twenty years Masarnau divided his life between Paris, London and Madrid. In both Paris and London he was close to the Spanish composer José Melchor Gomis (1791–1836), himself a Spanish rebel living in exile, who composed the \"Himno de Riego\", since used as the national anthem by the various republican governments of Spain. He",
"title": "Santiago Masarnau Fernández"
},
{
"id": "9538784",
"text": "François van Campenhout François van Campenhout (5 February 1779 – 24 April 1848) was a Belgian opera singer, conductor and composer. He composed the music for the Belgian national anthem, \"La Brabançonne\". Campenhout was born in Brussels, where he studied violin. He worked initially as an office clerk, but soon pursued a career as a musician. After he had been a violist at the \"Théâtre de la Monnaie\" (or \"Muntschouwburg\") in Brussels for a while, he started a career as a tenor at the \"Opera in Ghent\". This was the beginning of a successful opera career, which brought him to",
"title": "François van Campenhout"
},
{
"id": "10514860",
"text": "Roujet D. Marshall Roujet (or Rouget) DeLisle Marshall (December 27, 1847 – May 22, 1922) was an American judge who served as a justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court from 1895 to 1918. He was named after the writer of the French National Anthem, \"La Marseillaise\", Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle. Born in Nashua, New Hampshire in 1847 to farming parents, Marshall's family moved to Wisconsin in 1854 when he was 7. In the early 1860s however, his father was disabled, and Marshall had to take on most of the work on the farm while continuing his schooling and eventually",
"title": "Roujet D. Marshall"
},
{
"id": "12239563",
"text": "a column honouring Dechet is to be found, which was created by Alfred Crick and inaugurated in 1897. Alexandre Dechet (Hyppolyte) Louis Alexandre Dechet (alternatively, spelled Dechez; Lyon, 20 January 1801 - Lier, 18 October 1830) was a French actor and is regarded the author of the lyrics of the Brabançonne, the Belgian national anthem. His pseudonym was Jenneval, possibly named after the drama \"Jenneval, ou le Barnevelt français\" (1769) of Louis Sébastien Mercier. Dechet worked in Ajaccio, Marseille and in 1826 at the Paris Odéon. Via Lille he finally came to Brussels, where he played at La Monnaie. In",
"title": "Alexandre Dechet"
},
{
"id": "17192265",
"text": "frères, Roulez le funèbre signal ; Et nous, de lauriers populaires Chargeons leur cercueil triomphal. Ô temple de deuil et de gloire ! Panthéon, reçois leur mémoire ! Portons-les marchons Découvrons nos fronts Soyez immortels vous tous que nous pleurons, Martyrs de la victoire. (bis)</poem> La Parisienne (song) La Parisienne (French: \"the Parisian\") is a famous song by Casimir Delavigne. It was composed after the July Revolution and in homage to it, and served as the French national anthem during the July Monarchy (1830-1848). It is sung to the tune of \"\", a German military march, and was harmonized by",
"title": "La Parisienne (song)"
},
{
"id": "2349761",
"text": "tuner. He was formerly married to evening news anchor Béatrice Schönberg. In 2003, he married the English ballerina Charlotte Talbot. He has three children, a son and two daughters. Claude-Michel Schönberg Claude-Michel Schönberg (born 6 July 1944 in Vannes) is a French record producer, actor, singer, songwriter, and musical theatre composer, best known for his collaborations with lyricist Alain Boublil. Major works include \"La Révolution Française\" (1973), \"Les Misérables\" (1980), \"Miss Saigon\" (1989), \"Martin Guerre\" (1996), \"The Pirate Queen\" (2006), and \"Marguerite\" (2008). Schönberg began his career as a record producer and a singer. He wrote most of the music",
"title": "Claude-Michel Schönberg"
},
{
"id": "14309972",
"text": "Marie Gabriel Augustin Savard Marie Gabriel Augustin Savard (21 August 1814 – 7 June 1881) was a French composer and teacher. Savard was a teacher at the Paris Conservatory in tonic solfa, harmony and figured bass. Among his pupils were Jules Massenet, Cécile Chaminade, Eduard Reuss, and Edward MacDowell. Massenet describes him fondly in his memoires. His works include the following: He also published books on music theory and a compilation of plainsong chants. These include: The latter work was approved by \"L'Académie des beaux-arts\" of the \"Institut de France\" under such notables as Daniel Auber, Ambroise Thomas, Hector Berlioz",
"title": "Marie Gabriel Augustin Savard"
},
{
"id": "19305540",
"text": "Hervé Roullet Hervé Roullet (born 7 September 1947) is a composer and French Catholic writer. Roullet was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris, on 7 September 1947. He is an engineer from the École supérieure d'agriculture d'Angers and he graduated from IAE Paris (also known as Sorbonne Graduate Business School). He spent his professional career in the Parisian headquarters of various banking groups. He is also a composer of piano music and liturgical chants and Christian writer. Roullet was taught by Henry Mesmin, a disciple of Vincent d'Indy and Déodat de Séverac. He is of the romantic tradition, with modern characteristics.",
"title": "Hervé Roullet"
},
{
"id": "19850288",
"text": "National Anthem, who was born in San Juan de las Abadesas in Catalonia. As a painter, his subtle still lifes are influenced by the work of both his artist friends Pedro Castillo and Ramón Gaya. Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at ; see its history for attribution. Salvador Moreno Manzano Salvador Moreno Manzano or Salvador Moreno (1916-1999) born in Orizaba, (Veracruz), was a composer, art historian and Mexican painter closely linked to Catalonia. A disciple of Alejandro Mestizo, Salvador Moreno Manzano moved to Barcelona attracted by the reputation of pedagogue and composer David",
"title": "Salvador Moreno Manzano"
},
{
"id": "15201874",
"text": "Juan Pedro Esnaola Juan Pedro Esnaola (17 August 1808 in Buenos Aires – 8 July 1878 in Buenos Aires) was and Argentine composer from the first half of the nineteenth century. He is remembered as the arranger of the Argentine National Anthem. Esnaola was born in Buenos Aires to a Spanish-Basque father and a local-born mother of Basque background. He began musical training as a child, under his uncle, the priest José Antonio Picasarri (1769–1843), chapel master at the cathedral of Buenos Aires. As the region became independent from Spain in 1810, and Picasarri decided not to resign his Spanish",
"title": "Juan Pedro Esnaola"
},
{
"id": "13187987",
"text": "used today. Following the dismissal of the possibility that Hartmann could have composed the score, it was suggested that Rogert had been the original composer, a claim that was backed up by several 19th century intellectuals. In 1880, Vilhelm Carl Ravn presented his theory that the score significantly preceded Ewald's poem and had no one particular composer. This is the most commonly supported theory today. The song was adopted as a national anthem in 1780. Ditlev Ludvig Rogert Ditlev (or Ditlef) Ludvig Rogert (1742–1813) was a Danish songwriter who is credited with composing the music for Denmark's royal anthem \"Kong",
"title": "Ditlev Ludvig Rogert"
},
{
"id": "3347284",
"text": "Jaime Nunó Jaime Nunó Roca (September 8, 1824 – July 18, 1908) was a Spanish composer from Catalonia who composed the music for the Mexican national anthem. Nunó was born on September 8, 1824 in Sant Joan de les Abadesses, a town in the province of Girona, in Catalonia, Spain. Both his parents, Francisco Nunó and Magdalena Roca, died before his ninth birthday. After their death, Nunó was raised by his uncle Bernard, a seller of silks in Barcelona, who financed his musical studies in that city. There he demonstrated his skill as a soloist in the city cathedral, for",
"title": "Jaime Nunó"
},
{
"id": "4923797",
"text": "Déodat de Séverac Marie-Joseph-Alexandre Déodat de Séverac (; 20 July 1872 – 24 March 1921) was a French composer. Déodat de Séverac was born in Saint-Félix-de-Caraman, Haute-Garonne. He descended from a noble family, profoundly influenced by the musical traditions of his native Languedoc. He first studied in Toulouse, then later moved to Paris to study under Vincent d'Indy and Albéric Magnard at the Schola Cantorum, an alternative to the training offered by the Paris Conservatoire. There he took organ lessons from Alexandre Guilmant and worked as an assistant to Isaac Albéniz. He returned to the southern part of France, where",
"title": "Déodat de Séverac"
},
{
"id": "4223592",
"text": "Ferdinand Hérold Louis Joseph Ferdinand Hérold (28 January 1791 – 19 January 1833), better known as Ferdinand Hérold (), was a French operatic composer of Alsatian descent who also wrote many pieces for the piano, orchestra, and the ballet. He is best known today for the ballet \"La fille mal gardée\" and the overture to the opera \"Zampa\". L. J. F. Hérold was born in Paris, the only child of François-Joseph Hérold, a pianist, teacher, and composer, and Jeanne-Gabrielle Pascal. He was the grandson of Nicolas Hérold, an organist. At the age of six, he attended the Hix Institute and",
"title": "Ferdinand Hérold"
},
{
"id": "15484879",
"text": "Emilio Prud’Homme Emilio Prud’Homme y Maduro (August 20, 1856- July 21, 1932) was a Dominican lawyer, writer, and educator. Prud’Homme is known for having authored the lyrics of the Dominican National Anthem. He is also attributed with helping establish a national identity, for what was at the time a nascent republic. Emilio Prud’Homme was born in Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic on August 20, 1856 to Ana Maduro and Gen. Pedro Prud’Homme; he had a brother: Lorenzo Fenelón Prud’Homme. Prud’Homme excelled in teaching, an activity to which he devoted most of his life. He was a great collaborator and disciple of",
"title": "Emilio Prud’Homme"
},
{
"id": "20088261",
"text": "André Montagard André Montagard (1888 - February 28, 1963) was a French songwriter and poet. He wrote the lyrics to several songs, including \"Maréchal, nous voilà !\", one of two national anthems during Vichy France. He published four poetry collections about Provence in the 1950s and 1960s. André Montagard was born in 1888. Montagard wrote the lyrics to \"Une partie de pétanque\" in 1937; it was re-edited in 1941. It was sung by Darcelys. Montagard wrote the lyrics to \"Maréchal, nous voilà !\" while Charles Cortioux composed the music. The song became one of the national anthems alongside \"La Marseillaise\"",
"title": "André Montagard"
},
{
"id": "2515949",
"text": "utter one final curse on Énée and his people, vowing vengeance for his abandonment of Didon, as the opera ends. The list of musical numbers is from the Urtext vocal score. First Tableau: Second Tableau: First Tableau: Second Tableau: First Tableau: Second Tableau: Third Tableau: Colin Davis' 1970 release was the first complete recording. Notes Sources Les Troyens Les Troyens (in English: \"The Trojans\") is a French grand opera in five acts by Hector Berlioz. The libretto was written by Berlioz himself from Virgil's epic poem the \" Aeneid\"; the score was composed between 1856 and 1858. \"Les Troyens\" is",
"title": "Les Troyens"
},
{
"id": "4481047",
"text": "Ernest Guiraud Ernest Guiraud (; 26 June 1837 – 6 May 1892) was a French composer and music teacher born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is best known for writing the traditional orchestral recitatives used for Bizet's opera \"Carmen\" and for Offenbach's opera \"Les contes d'Hoffmann\" (\"The Tales of Hoffmann\"). Guiraud began his schooling in Louisiana under the tutelage of his father, Jean-Baptiste-Louis Guiraud, who had won the Prix de Rome in 1827. At age 15, he set a full-length libretto about King David to music that he and his father had found on a trip to Paris. The result",
"title": "Ernest Guiraud"
},
{
"id": "20519353",
"text": "from the soundtrack album as \"plodding bedroom anthems\", deeming this song \"a raunchy, club-ready anthem\". Credits adapted from Tidal. Capital Letters (song) \"Capital Letters\" is a song by American singer Hailee Steinfeld and American record producer BloodPop. It was written by Steinfeld, BloodPop, Raye, Andrew Jackson, Ellie Goulding and Ely Weisfeld, with production handled by BloodPop and Benjamin Rice. The song was released via Universal Studios and Republic Records on January 12, 2018, as the second single from the soundtrack to the film \"Fifty Shades Freed\" (2018). The song was first revealed when the track list of the soundtrack was",
"title": "Capital Letters (song)"
}
] | who composed marseilles the national anthem of france |
[
"Ken Olin",
"Elizabeth Berger",
"Isaac Aptaker",
"Charlie Gogolak",
"Glenn Ficarra",
"Jess Rosenthal",
"Dan Fogelman",
"John Requa",
"Donald Todd"
] | [
{
"id": "19510477",
"text": "This Is Us (TV series) This Is Us is an American comedy-drama television series created by Dan Fogelman that premiered on NBC on September 20, 2016. The series follows the lives and families of two parents, and their three children, in several different time frames. It stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Ron Cephas Jones, Jon Huertas, Alexandra Breckenridge, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Lonnie Chavis, Eris Baker, and Faithe Herman. \"This Is Us\" is filmed in Los Angeles. The",
"title": "This Is Us (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19966685",
"text": "This Is Us (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"This Is Us\" follows the family lives and connections of several people who all share the same birthday and the ways in which they are similar and different. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Fogelman and Don Todd serving as showrunners. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, and Ron Cephas Jones. The season, which premiered on NBC on September",
"title": "This Is Us (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "19966675",
"text": "This Is Us (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"This Is Us\" follows the family lives and connections of several people who all share the same birthday and the ways in which they are similar and different. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Fogelman and Don Todd serving as showrunners. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, and Ron Cephas Jones. The season, which premiered on NBC on September",
"title": "This Is Us (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "19966686",
"text": "This Is Us (season 3) The third season of the American television series \"This Is Us\" continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. A third season was ordered, alongside a second season, in January 2017, with production for season three beginning in July 2018. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson,",
"title": "This Is Us (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "19966689",
"text": "Production on the season officially began on July 10, 2018, in Los Angeles. General references This Is Us (season 3) The third season of the American television series \"This Is Us\" continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season is produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. A third season was ordered, alongside a second season, in January 2017, with production for season three beginning in July 2018. The season stars an ensemble cast",
"title": "This Is Us (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "20330102",
"text": "This Is Us (season 2) The second season of the American television series \"This Is Us\" continues to follow the lives and connections of the Pearson family across several time periods. The season was produced by Rhode Island Ave. Productions, Zaftig Films, and 20th Century Fox Television, with Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger serving as showrunners. A second and third season of \"This Is Us\" were ordered in January 2017, with production for season two beginning that July. The season stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi",
"title": "This Is Us (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "20709661",
"text": "This Is America (song) \"This Is America\" is a song by American rapper Childish Gambino. Written and produced by Gambino and Ludwig Göransson, it was released on May 5, 2018, at the same time that Gambino was hosting that day's episode of \"Saturday Night Live\". The song features background vocals by American rappers Young Thug, Slim Jxmmi, BlocBoy JB, 21 Savage and Quavo. The song addresses the wider issue of gun violence in the United States, the high rate of mass shootings in the United States, along with longstanding racism and discrimination against African Americans. The song's music video was",
"title": "This Is America (song)"
},
{
"id": "20709674",
"text": "Award-winning actor to reach number one on the Hot 100, the first being Justin Timberlake, who topped the chart with \"Can't Stop the Feeling!\" in 2016. It topped the Hot 100 for two weeks, and left the top ten after five weeks. Credits are adapted from Tidal. This Is America (song) \"This Is America\" is a song by American rapper Childish Gambino. Written and produced by Gambino and Ludwig Göransson, it was released on May 5, 2018, at the same time that Gambino was hosting that day's episode of \"Saturday Night Live\". The song features background vocals by American rappers",
"title": "This Is America (song)"
},
{
"id": "20330105",
"text": "teenage Kevin, Mackenzie Hancsicsak as young Kate, Parker Bates as young Kevin, Faithe Herman as Annie Pearson, and Eris Baker as Tess Pearson. Lonnie Chavis began the season continuing as young Randall in a recurring role, but was ultimately promoted to series regular. In August 2017, Sylvester Stallone and Debra Jo Rupp were cast in guest starring roles. The show was awarded over $9.9 million in tax incentives by the California Film Commission for its second season. Production on the season began on July 11, 2017, in Los Angeles. The second season was originally set to move to a Thursday",
"title": "This Is Us (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "19510484",
"text": "Is Us\" due to the high volume of viewers it has previously attracted with shows such as \"The Voice\" and the Summer Olympics. Fogelman intentionally recruited behind-the-scenes talent that would reflect the diversity of his cast, with the goal of bringing greater authenticity to the dialog and storylines. These include black directors Regina King and George Tillman, Jr. and black female writers Kay Oyegun and Jas Waters (part of a 30% black core writing staff that far outpaces the industry standard of 5%). In addition, Fogelman's sister Deborah, whose struggles with weight were one of the initial inspirations for the",
"title": "This Is Us (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "13547761",
"text": "record since their 1999 worldwide hit album \"Millennium\". They worked with Ryan Tedder, Claude Kelly, Jim Jonsin, RedOne, Ne-Yo, Brian Kennedy, Alex James, Pitbull, Eddie Galan, Rami Yacoub, Kristian Lundin, and T-Pain amongst others for the album as well. The album debuted at number 9 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 making it their seventh top ten album following \"Unbreakable\" in 2007. RedOne produced the album's lead single \"Straight Through My Heart\" which was released in August/September 2009 and reached number 1 in Taiwan, number 3 in Japan, number 5 in Spain, number 106 in Billboard Hot 100, 19 in Canada,",
"title": "This Is Us (Backstreet Boys album)"
},
{
"id": "19966687",
"text": "Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas, Melanie Liburd, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, Lonnie Chavis, and Lyric Ross. The third season premiered on September 25, 2018, and is set to run for 18 episodes on NBC. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 18, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second and third season of 18 episodes each, for a total of 36 additional episodes. Main cast members Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Jon Huertas and Ron Cephas Jones return from the second season as",
"title": "This Is Us (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "13547760",
"text": "This Is Us (Backstreet Boys album) This Is Us is the seventh studio album, sixth in the United States, from American pop group Backstreet Boys. It was their second and last album as a quartet. It was released on September 30, 2009 in Japan through Sony Music Japan, October 5, 2009 in the UK through RCA, and October 6 in the U.S. as the final studio album through Jive Records. On the album, the group has reunited with previous collaborator and producer Max Martin (responsible for the previous hit \"I Want It That Way\") to try and create their best",
"title": "This Is Us (Backstreet Boys album)"
},
{
"id": "19510487",
"text": "9:00pm, the first season's first two episodes and eleventh episode aired on a Tuesday at 10:00pm, while the second season's fourteenth episode, \"Super Bowl Sunday\", aired on a Sunday at 10:15pm. This Is Us (TV series) This Is Us is an American comedy-drama television series created by Dan Fogelman that premiered on NBC on September 20, 2016. The series follows the lives and families of two parents, and their three children, in several different time frames. It stars an ensemble cast featuring Milo Ventimiglia, Mandy Moore, Sterling K. Brown, Chrissy Metz, Justin Hartley, Susan Kelechi Watson, Chris Sullivan, Ron Cephas",
"title": "This Is Us (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "13547772",
"text": "(RIAA) This Is Us (Backstreet Boys album) This Is Us is the seventh studio album, sixth in the United States, from American pop group Backstreet Boys. It was their second and last album as a quartet. It was released on September 30, 2009 in Japan through Sony Music Japan, October 5, 2009 in the UK through RCA, and October 6 in the U.S. as the final studio album through Jive Records. On the album, the group has reunited with previous collaborator and producer Max Martin (responsible for the previous hit \"I Want It That Way\") to try and create their",
"title": "This Is Us (Backstreet Boys album)"
},
{
"id": "19510479",
"text": "Drama Series. On September 27, 2016, NBC picked up the series for a full season of 18 episodes. In January 2017, NBC renewed the series for two additional seasons of 18 episodes each. The second season premiered on September 26, 2017. The third season premiered on September 25, 2018. The series follows the lives of siblings Kevin, Kate, and Randall (known as the \"Big Three\"), and their parents Jack and Rebecca Pearson. It takes place in the present and uses flashbacks to show the family during various moments in the past. Kevin and Kate are the two surviving members of",
"title": "This Is Us (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19510485",
"text": "show, serves as a consultant. In May 2017, Hulu acquired the SVOD rights to new and past episodes of the series to air exclusively on Hulu, in addition to NBC.com and the NBC app. The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 89% approval rating for the first season with an average rating of 7.72/10 based on 63 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, \"Featuring full-tilt heartstring-tugging family drama, \"This Is Us\" will provide a suitable surrogate for those who have felt a void in their lives since \"Parenthood\" went off the air.\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned",
"title": "This Is Us (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "19966677",
"text": "<onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Dan Fogelman and Don Todd served as the season's showrunners. In 2015, Mandy Moore, Milo Ventimiglia, Justin Hartley, Sterling K. Brown, and Ron Cephas Jones were the first to be cast in Dan Fogelman’s pilot. Chrissy Metz was later cast in the pilot, followed by Susan Kelechi Watson. Jon Huertas joined the cast in 2016. The first season of \"This Is Us\" received positive reviews, with critics praising cast performances and series plot. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has an approval rating of 91% based on 64 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.68/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Featuring",
"title": "This Is Us (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "19510482",
"text": "relocates from Los Angeles to New York City. \"This is Us\" originally began as an 80 page movie script that Dan Fogelman was developing while working for ABC Studios in the spring of Spring 2015. The story line, which Fogelman admitted to not having a definite direction, revolved around the lives of eight adults who, as it would be revealed, were octuplets. After moving to an eight-figure deal with 20th Television, Fogelman made the decision to develop a TV series from the characters of his original script, cutting a few characters and shortening the script to 45 pages before bringing",
"title": "This Is Us (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "3265029",
"text": "Sisters\", Olin produced and directed episodes of \"Alias\". He has directed episodes of \"L.A. Doctors\", \"The West Wing\", \"Felicity\", \"Judging Amy\", \"Freaks and Geeks\", \"thirtysomething\", and \"EZ Streets\". In 2012, Olin co-starred on the ABC drama pilot \"Americana\". He appeared in the video \"Burnin' for You\" by Blue Öyster Cult, in 1981. He is currently the executive producer of \"This Is Us\" on NBC. Olin was born to a Jewish family in Chicago, Illinois, the son of a former Peace Corps official and pharmaceutical company owner. He was raised in Highland Park, Illinois. He graduated from The Putney School in",
"title": "Ken Olin"
},
{
"id": "20709662",
"text": "directed by Japanese-American filmmaker Hiro Murai, a frequent Gambino collaborator. According to RCA Records, the song is not the first single from Gambino's upcoming studio album. \"This Is America\" became the 31st song to debut at number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming both Gambino's first number one and top ten single in the country. It has also topped the charts in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. The song is nominated for 4 Grammy Awards at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards: Record of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Music Video. The song",
"title": "This Is America (song)"
},
{
"id": "19966676",
"text": "20, 2016, and ran until March 14, 2017, over 18 episodes, received generally positive reviews from critics. It was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the top ten television programs of 2016, and received ten nominations for the 69th Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series with Brown winning for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series, as well as receiving nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama and the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Drama Series. The series was renewed for a second and third season on January 18, 2017.",
"title": "This Is Us (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "10481177",
"text": "This includes \"\", which broke ratings records in the US on TV Guide network and scored 10 million viewers on ITV in the UK. In 2013, Syco and Optomen launched ITV series \"Food Glorious Food\", which aired on Wednesday evenings in the UK. Syco Entertainment were the executive producers of the film \"One Direction: This Is Us\" from director Morgan Spurlock, which follows the life of pop sensations One Direction. The band had come third in the 2010 UK \"X Factor\" series, before being signed to Syco. In March 2013, Syco in partnership with YouTube, launched The You Generation channel",
"title": "Syco"
},
{
"id": "17402804",
"text": "in 2010. This Is Us contains live concert footage from One Direction's Take Me Home Tour at London's O2 Arena, and footage from their lives pre- and post-\"X Factor\" appearance, and gives insight into the preparation for their concerts and ultimately what it is like to be One Direction. \"This Is Us\" was first announced by the band while on \"The Today Show\" in New York's Rockefeller Plaza on 12 November 2012, followed by confirmation it would be directed by Morgan Spurlock. Spurlock, who unsuccessfully negotiated to direct similar films, \"\" and \"\", said that he took on the film",
"title": "One Direction: This Is Us"
},
{
"id": "17402806",
"text": "show more personality, how they interact, and how they relax when not on stage. Niall Horan remarked that the film crew had access to all areas, even filming them in the toilet. Scenes shown in trailers include footage of fans telling stories related to the band following a request posted on YouTube, as well as comment from Simon Cowell, who was their mentor on \"The X Factor\" and is also a producer of the film. The world premiere of the film was held in Leicester Square, in London on 20 August 2013. The film was released in the United Kingdom",
"title": "One Direction: This Is Us"
},
{
"id": "19510478",
"text": "series has been nominated for Best Television Series – Drama at the 74th Golden Globe Awards and Best Drama Series at the 7th Critics' Choice Awards, as well as being chosen as a Top Television Program by the American Film Institute. Sterling K. Brown has received an Emmy, a Golden Globe, a Critics' Choice Award, and an NAACP Image Award for his acting in the series. Mandy Moore and Chrissy Metz received Golden Globe nominations for Best Supporting Actress. In 2017, the series received ten Emmy nominations, including Outstanding Drama Series, with Brown winning for Outstanding Lead Actor in a",
"title": "This Is Us (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "20330103",
"text": "Watson, Chris Sullivan, Ron Cephas Jones, Jon Huertas, Alexandra Breckenridge, Niles Fitch, Logan Shroyer, Hannah Zeile, Mackenzie Hancsicsak, Parker Bates, Eris Baker, Faithe Herman, and Lonnie Chavis. The second season, consisting of 18 episodes, aired from September 26, 2017, to March 13, 2018, on NBC. \"This Is Us\" served as the lead-out program for Super Bowl LII in February 2018 with the second season's fourteenth episode. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> On January 18, 2017, NBC renewed the series for a second and third season of 18 episodes each, for a total of 36 additional episodes. Dan Fogelman, Isaac Aptaker, and Elizabeth Berger served",
"title": "This Is Us (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "6225005",
"text": "Ito and Mie Onishi. Toby Ascher is executive producing, and the film is being written by Evan Susser and Van Robichaux. With \"Terminator 6\", & \"Deadpool\" director Tim Miller being the producer, and Jeff Fowler directing. But on October 2017, Paramount announced that they had picked up the rights after Sony Pictures (Columbia Pictures) put the film into turnaround. However, most of the production team remained unchanged. It is being produced as a joint venture between Paramount Pictures, Original Film, Sega, Paramount Animation, Marza Animation Planet, and Blur Studio. The film is set for release on November 8, 2019. Jim",
"title": "Sonic the Hedgehog"
},
{
"id": "1458614",
"text": "the first studio to have released three billion-dollar films in one year; this distinction was achieved in 2015 with \"Furious 7\", \"Jurassic World\" and \"Minions\". Universal Pictures Universal Pictures (also known as Universal Studios, formerly Universal Film Manufacturing Company) is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. Founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour, it is the oldest surviving film studio in the United States, the world's fifth oldest",
"title": "Universal Pictures"
},
{
"id": "19510483",
"text": "it to the studio. Jennifer Salke, president at NBC, commented on the conception of a title for the series, saying \"The title didn't come easy...but \"This Is Us\" tapped into everything, and the show's about us.\" It has been revealed that other ideas for the title included \"36\", \"Happy Birthday\", and \"The Story of Us.\" . Despite positive reviews from both 20th Television and sister company,Fox, there were concerns regarding the lack of views it would attract on the network, leading Fox to sell it to NBC . NBC is regarded by many networks as an ideal place for \"This",
"title": "This Is Us (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "9668477",
"text": "This Is That Productions This Is That Productions was one of the leading independent feature film production companies. Established in 2002, and based in New York City, the company was founded and fully owned by Anne Carey, Ted Hope, and Diana Victor. The three partners previously worked together at the groundbreaking Good Machine, which Ted Hope co-founded in 1996. In its first six years, This Is That has produced sixteen films. All of This Is That's films have been distributed in the United States and throughout the world. Their films have generated seven Academy Award nominations. This Is That's initial",
"title": "This Is That Productions"
},
{
"id": "20563275",
"text": "Us (Jennifer Lopez song) \"Us\" is a song by American singer Jennifer Lopez. It was written and produced by Poo Bear and Skrillex. The song was released digitally on February 2, 2018, by Nuyorican Productions and Epic Records. In March 2017, Lopez revealed through an Instagram post that she was in the studio with Skrillex and Poo Bear. In the video, she could be heard singing along to the hook \"could it be us?\" \"Us\" is Lopez's first English single since \"Ain't Your Mama\" (2016). The dance-pop song was written and produced by Skrillex and Poo Bear. Describing its composition,",
"title": "Us (Jennifer Lopez song)"
},
{
"id": "1458568",
"text": "Universal Pictures Universal Pictures (also known as Universal Studios, formerly Universal Film Manufacturing Company) is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. Founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour, it is the oldest surviving film studio in the United States, the world's fifth oldest after Gaumont, Pathé, Titanus, and Nordisk Film, and the oldest member of Hollywood's \"Big Six\" studios in terms of the overall film market. Its studios",
"title": "Universal Pictures"
},
{
"id": "19966684",
"text": "intimate series of portraits and stitch them together. But at the same time, waves of cloying sentiment threaten to submerge everything.\" \"This Is Us\" was included on multiple Best/Top TV Shows of 2016 lists; these are listed below in order of rank. \"This Is Us\" premiered on September 20, 2016, in the U.S. on NBC. The series premiered on CTV in Canada on September 21, 2016, on TVNZ 2 in New Zealand on September 27, 2016, and in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 on December 6, 2016. The series premiered in Australia on Channel Ten on February 8, 2017.",
"title": "This Is Us (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "9366494",
"text": "the world. In 2018, Glover released the song and video for \"This Is America\", which debuted at number-one on the Hot 100. Soon after, his EP \"Summer Pack\" was released in early July 2018. Donald McKinley Glover Jr. was born on September 25, 1983 at Edwards Air Force Base in Kern County, California. He was raised in Stone Mountain, Georgia. His mother, Beverly (\"née\" Smith), is a retired daycare provider, and his father, Donald Glover Sr., was a retired postal worker. His parents also served as foster parents for 14 years. Glover was raised as a Jehovah's Witness. He attended",
"title": "Donald Glover"
},
{
"id": "18688911",
"text": "Bolton, Carole King, and the Christopher Guest's film \"Best in Show\". Gubman was one of four producers on \"This Is Me\", by Justin Paul and Benj Pasek, from Fox's \"The Greatest Showman\". The song was nominated for an Oscar and won a Golden Globe in 2017. In January 2000 Gubman created a publishing-company, \"Gubman Music International\", of which he remains the director in 2015. After a short time as a pop-producer in the early 2000s, Gubman returned to University. During this period, he produced music for several indie artists, worked on a few indie movies' scores, taught piano, and wrote",
"title": "Adam Gubman"
},
{
"id": "17402803",
"text": "One Direction: This Is Us One Direction: This Is Us is a 2013 3-D documentary concert film about English-Irish boy band One Direction. It opened in the United Kingdom on 29 August 2013, followed a day later in the United States. The film shows many clips and songs of One Direction and grossed $68 million worldwide. Billed as an intimate all-access look at life on the road for the global music phenomenon, \"This Is Us\" follows the lives of the five members of the boy band, One Direction. One Direction was first put into a group on the \"X Factor\"",
"title": "One Direction: This Is Us"
},
{
"id": "11841069",
"text": "and Stephen Merchant, both of whom are executive producers on both the US and UK versions. \"The Office\" is produced by Greg Daniels, who is also an executive producer and the show runner. All the writers from the previous season returned, with the writing staff consisting of Daniels, Michael Schur, Lester Lewis, Mindy Kaling, B. J. Novak, Paul Lieberstein, Lee Eisenberg, Gene Stupnitsky, Jennifer Celotta, Brent Forrester, and Justin Spitzer. Schur, Lieberstein and Celotta were co-executive producers; Kaling, Eisenberg and Stupnitsky were producers; Novak and Lewis were supervising producers; and Forrester was a consulting producer. This season featured 19 half-hour",
"title": "The Office (U.S. season 4)"
},
{
"id": "15840191",
"text": "Dan Fogelman Dan Fogelman (born March 19, 1976) is an American television producer and screenwriter whose screenplays include \"Tangled\"; \"Crazy, Stupid, Love\"; and the Pixar film \"Cars\". He also created the 2012 television sitcom \"The Neighbors\", the 2015 fairy tale-themed musical comedy series \"Galavant\", the 2016 dramedy series \"This Is Us\", and the 2016 baseball drama series \"Pitch\". Fogelman grew up in what he has called an \"endearingly dysfunctional\" Jewish family in River Vale, New Jersey. Dan Fogelman attended Pascack Valley High School in nearby Hillsdale. He and his mother, Joyce, took a road trip from New Jersey to Las",
"title": "Dan Fogelman"
},
{
"id": "13435093",
"text": "group after initially leaving in 2006. The album was produced by Mike Green (Paramore, The Matches) and is their debut on Epitaph Records after their manager reportedly paid their previous label, Eulogy Recordings, to buy out their contract. Recording was completed in late March. The album features various guest vocals including Vinnie Caruana of I Am the Avalanche and The Movielife on opener and title track, \"This Will Be the Death of Us\". Hayley Williams of Paramore also features on \"The Few That Remain\", whilst ex-vocalist of Turmoil Jon Gula is featured on \"Gaia Bleeds (Make Way For Man)\". The",
"title": "This Will Be the Death of Us"
},
{
"id": "17402820",
"text": "\"\", was announced on 21 July 2014. It premiered in cinemas worldwide with a limited engagement for 11–12 October 2014. The sequel was filmed at Stadio San Siro in Milan, Italy on 28–29 June 2014, during the band's Where We Are Tour. The film was released on home media in December 2014. One Direction: This Is Us One Direction: This Is Us is a 2013 3-D documentary concert film about English-Irish boy band One Direction. It opened in the United Kingdom on 29 August 2013, followed a day later in the United States. The film shows many clips and songs",
"title": "One Direction: This Is Us"
},
{
"id": "9668485",
"text": "2001. This Is That Productions This Is That Productions was one of the leading independent feature film production companies. Established in 2002, and based in New York City, the company was founded and fully owned by Anne Carey, Ted Hope, and Diana Victor. The three partners previously worked together at the groundbreaking Good Machine, which Ted Hope co-founded in 1996. In its first six years, This Is That has produced sixteen films. All of This Is That's films have been distributed in the United States and throughout the world. Their films have generated seven Academy Award nominations. This Is That's",
"title": "This Is That Productions"
},
{
"id": "14582644",
"text": "Kemper (sister of Ellie Kemper), Robert Padnick, and Amelie Gillette. Paul Lieberstein serves as executive producer and showrunner, and Novak was promoted from co-executive producer to executive producer midseason. Kaling, Shure, Chun and Ocko are co-executive producers; Forrester and Vitti are consulting producers; Spitzer and Grandy are supervising producers; and Warren Lieberstein, Halsted Sullivan and Steve Hely are producers. \"The Office\" was filmed on a studio set at Valley Center Studios in Van Nuys, California, Only establishing shots for the opening theme of the city of Scranton, Pennsylvania, where the show is set, were made on location there. On June",
"title": "The Office (U.S. season 7)"
},
{
"id": "19022068",
"text": "Bromine production in the United States Bromine production in the United States of 225,000 tonnes in 2013 made that country the second-largest producer of bromine, after Israel. The US supplied 29 percent of world production. Since 2007, all US bromine has been produced by two companies in southern Arkansas, which extract bromine from brine pumped from the Smackover Formation. At an advertised price of US$3.50 to US$3.90 per kg, the US 2013 US production would have a value of roughly US$800 million. The two active bromine producers are Albemarle Corporation and Chemtura, whose bromine operations together employ 950 people. Albemarle",
"title": "Bromine production in the United States"
},
{
"id": "20705786",
"text": "Us (2019 film) Us is an upcoming American horror film written, co-produced and directed by Jordan Peele. It stars Lupita Nyong'o, Winston Duke, Elisabeth Moss, and Tim Heidecker. Jason Blum also produces the film under his Blumhouse Productions banner. The film is scheduled to be released on March 15, 2019, by Universal Pictures. In February 2018, director Jordan Peele said in an interview that he was writing a film that he would shoot and direct for Universal Pictures later that year. In May 2018, it was reported that the film had been titled \"Us.\" It was also revealed that Lupita",
"title": "Us (2019 film)"
},
{
"id": "8846368",
"text": "\"Best Global Indian.\" Khosla is currently the composer for NBC's \"This Is Us\" and Lionsgate/E!'s \"The Royals\". His recent credits include FOX comedy \"Grandfathered\" and feature films \"Fat Camp\" and \"Liv\". He composed original songs for the musical film \"Basmati Blues\" and ABC series \"The Neighbors\". He also wrote original songs for the series, including a Bollywood musical episode that aired on March 17, 2014. Khosla co-wrote the track \"Flirting\" with Natalie Imbruglia which appeared on her 2009 album \"Come to Life.\" Goldspot Goldspot is a New York-based band. Founded by singer/songwriter/producer and television and film composer Siddhartha Khosla, the",
"title": "Goldspot"
},
{
"id": "2421829",
"text": "while Mark Strong entered negotiations to play the film's main villain, Doctor Sivana. Strong would later confirm his casting in January 2018. In December, Jack Dylan Grazer was cast as Freddy Freeman, with Ian Chen as Eugene Choi, Jovan Armand as Pedro Peña, and Cooper Andrews as Victor Vázquez, the kids' foster father. In late December, Faithe Herman was cast as Darla Dudley, and her \"This Is Us\" co-star, Ron Cephas Jones, was cast as the Wizard Shazam a month later. Due to scheduling conflicts, Cephas Jones was replaced as the Wizard by Djimon Hounsou during filming. \"Shazam!\" began filming",
"title": "Captain Marvel (DC Comics)"
},
{
"id": "17387019",
"text": "Tucker Tooley Tucker Tooley (born 1968/69) is an American film producer. He is the CEO of Tooley Productions LLC, where he independently produced television shows and feature films, including \"We’re the Millers\" (2013) which grossed $270 million worldwide. His films have earned more than $1.2 billion at the domestic box office. Tooley is a Member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences as well as the Producers Guild of America. He earned his B.A. at the University of California, Santa Barbara and, in 2009, was named “Executive of the Year” by the Ischia Global Film Festival. From 1997",
"title": "Tucker Tooley"
},
{
"id": "17538045",
"text": "played Romero, a member of \"fsociety\" in the 2015 television series \"Mr Robot\". He also appeared on season 3 of the show \"Banshee\" as Philadelphia kingpin, Mr. Frasier. He played Harlem chess master Bobby Fish in season 1 of Marvel's \"Luke Cage\". He stars on the NBC drama series \"This Is Us\" as William Hill, the biological father of Randall Pearson (Sterling K. Brown). Jones and British-born jazz singer Kim Lesley have a daughter, American stage and screen actress Jasmine Cephas Jones. Ron Cephas Jones Ron Cephas Jones (born January 8, 1957) is an American actor. He is best known",
"title": "Ron Cephas Jones"
},
{
"id": "19811465",
"text": "Susan Rose (producer) Susan R. Rose (born 1956) is a Tony award winning theatrical and film producer. Rose is most famous as Broadway's youngest producer; she was 25 when she produced \"Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat\". She also produced the musical \"The Last Five Years\". She is a producer of THE BAND'S VISIT, winner of 10 Tony Awards including the Tony for Best Musical 2018. Rose was born and raised in Baltimore, MD, where she graduated from the University of Maryland with a B.A. in Communications. While studying in Baltimore, Rose worked at Painter's Mill Music Fair and the",
"title": "Susan Rose (producer)"
},
{
"id": "8422420",
"text": "Twenty three percent of sales are online. Kevin Murphy was appointed CEO in 2017. Alex Hutcherson is COO and Bill Brundage is CFO. Acquisitions are a part of Ferguson’s business model. The company acquired nine companies during its last fiscal year. Ferguson has a philanthropic division known as Ferguson Cares. Ferguson is also a National Partner with with Homes for Our Troops and SkillsUSA. The company won the Darden Award for Regional Leadership in 2018. Ferguson Enterprises Ferguson Enterprises, Inc., headquartered in Newport News, Virginia, United States, is the largest U.S distributor of plumbing supplies, PVF, waterworks and fire and",
"title": "Ferguson Enterprises"
},
{
"id": "10071336",
"text": "the company's $11 billion in debt. The deal increased ExxonMobil's U.S. natural gas production to 3.68 billion cubic feet per day, making it the largest producer in the U.S. The purchase by ExxonMobil was the largest by the company since the deal that created ExxonMobil in 1999. The acquisition was finalized in June 2010. In June 2011, ExxonMobil acquired two natural gas companies in Pennsylvania—Phillips Resources Inc. and TWP Inc.—for $1.69 billion. After the acquisition, both companies were managed by XTO Energy. The acquisition added about 317,000 acres in Marcellus Shale to ExxonMobil's portfolio. In August of the same year,",
"title": "XTO Energy"
},
{
"id": "18599546",
"text": "Electric Studio in Brooklyn, New York from November 2010 to January 2011 and mastered by Joe LaPorta at The Lodge in New York City. Sydney Kydney, a musician and producer, created a mashup of \"Joey Rogers\" with the Childish Gambino song \"This Is America,\" releasing it on May 11, 2018. The mashup was met with acclaim. Channel Pressure Channel Pressure is the debut studio album of electronic music duo Ford & Lopatin, consisting of producers Daniel Lopatin (aka Oneohtrix Point Never) and Joel Ford. Following the group's abandonment of their previous name \"Games\" for legal reasons, they recorded the album",
"title": "Channel Pressure"
},
{
"id": "17402805",
"text": "because of the band's fast-track rise to stardom. The film started filming in Tokyo on 17 January 2013 and was being shot in 3D with 4K resolution RED Epic digital cameras, which Spurlock said gave a cinematic appeal. The film was later given the name \"One Direction: This Is Us\" on 19 March 2013, previously being referred to as \"1D3D\". It has been further said that the film is not scripted, with the footage genuine and of them acting \"naturally\". Styles admitted that the cameras following them around was scary but said that this film gives them the opportunity to",
"title": "One Direction: This Is Us"
},
{
"id": "5500081",
"text": "does not own is the 1996 Mike Judge comedy \"Beavis and Butt-Head Do America\", itself owned by Paramount Pictures via Paramount Animation and MTV Films. The spherical Geffen Pictures logo (based on the logo of its record-label counterpart) was created by Saul Bass. The Geffen Film Company The Geffen Film Company (also known as The Geffen Company, The Geffen Film Company, Inc., and later Geffen Pictures) was a film distributor and production company founded by David Geffen, the founder of Geffen Records, and future co-founder of DreamWorks. Geffen founded the company in 1982, having recruited Eric Eisner as president, and",
"title": "The Geffen Film Company"
},
{
"id": "15661287",
"text": "Hasbro Studios Hasbro Studios, LLC is an American production and distribution company located in Burbank, California. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of toy company Hasbro. This company is best known for shows and films such as the \"\" and \"\" TV series and \"\" film series. Originally just a TV production division, many of its TV shows, such as \"My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic\" and \"Littlest Pet Shop\", are based on Hasbro properties and are broadcast on the Discovery Family television network, a joint venture between Hasbro and Discovery, Inc. and on other television networks and multiple media",
"title": "Hasbro Studios"
},
{
"id": "16398421",
"text": "Parliament Funkadelic and black power music of the ‘70s, \"\"Awaken, My Love!\"\" Göransson served as producer and writer for every song on the album. In November, they earned four Grammy nominations for their work, including Album of the Year and Record of the Year for \"Redbone.\" In 2012, Göransson produced HAIM's debut EP and helped establish the band with a brand new sound on the song \"Forever\". He also produced two songs on HAIM's debut album \"Days Are Gone\". On May 5, 2018, This Is America was released. Produced by Gambino and Ludwig Göransson the song features a gospel-style choir",
"title": "Ludwig Göransson"
},
{
"id": "15818580",
"text": "1, 2016 would be \"day one\" such that Dow Chemical Company will assume 100% ownership of the Dow Corning Corporation, concluding the 73-year joint venture between Dow Chemical and Corning Inc.. At this time Hemlock Semiconductor will continue as an independently run entity with three minority shareholders: Dow Chemical will own 40.25%, Corning Inc will own 40.25%, and Shin-Etsu Chemical will own 19.5%. Hemlock Semiconductor Corporation Hemlock Semiconductor Corporation is the largest producer of polysilicon in the United States. It is a subsidiary of Dow Corning founded in 1961, and named after Hemlock, Michigan, the location of its factory. Its",
"title": "Hemlock Semiconductor Corporation"
},
{
"id": "14582643",
"text": "show is produced by Reveille Productions and Deedle-Dee Productions, both in association with Universal Media Studios. The show is based upon the British series created by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, both of whom are executive producers on both the U.S. and UK versions. \"The Office\" is produced by Greg Daniels, who is also an executive producer. Returning writers from the previous season include Mindy Kaling, B. J. Novak, Paul Lieberstein, Brent Forrester, Justin Spitzer, Aaron Shure, Charlie Grandy, Daniel Chun, Warren Lieberstein, and Halsted Sullivan. New writers in the seventh season include Peter Ocko, Jon Vitti, Steve Hely, Carrie",
"title": "The Office (U.S. season 7)"
},
{
"id": "1478937",
"text": "Walt Disney Pictures Walt Disney Pictures, formally known as Buena Vista Pictures, is an American film studio and a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, owned by The Walt Disney Company. The subsidiary is the main producer of live-action feature films within the Walt Disney Studios unit, and is based at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It took on its current name in 1983. Today, in conjunction with the other units of Walt Disney Studios, Walt Disney Pictures is regarded as one of Hollywood's \"Big Six\" film studios. Films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar are also",
"title": "Walt Disney Pictures"
},
{
"id": "7668301",
"text": "All the Roadrunning All the Roadrunning is a collaboration between British singer-songwriter and guitarist Mark Knopfler and American singer-songwriter Emmylou Harris, released on 24 April 2006 by Mercury Records and Universal Music internationally, and by Warner Bros. Records in the United States. The album received favorable reviews, and reached the number one position on album charts in Denmark, Norway, and Switzerland. The album peaked at number eight in the United Kingdom, and number 17 on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the United States. \"This Is Us\" was released as the first single, followed by \"Beachcombing\". The album was the result of",
"title": "All the Roadrunning"
},
{
"id": "6919952",
"text": "The U.S. version of \"Millionaire\" is a co-production of 2waytraffic, a division of Sony Pictures Entertainment, and Valleycrest Productions, a division of The Walt Disney Company. 2waytraffic purchased \"Millionaire\"s original production company Celador in 2008, while Valleycrest has produced the series since its beginning, and holds the copyright on all U.S. \"Millionaire\" episodes to date. The show is distributed by Valleycrest's corporate sibling Disney-ABC Home Entertainment & Television Distribution (previously known as Buena Vista Television). The U.S. \"Millionaire\" was taped at ABC's \"Television Center East\" studio on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York from 1999 to 2012.",
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)"
},
{
"id": "10912885",
"text": "This or That This or That is the collaborative album by American hip hop artists Sway & King Tech and DJ Revolution. It was released on June 15, 1999 through Interscope Records. Production was handled mostly by King Tech & DJ Revolution, except for several tracks were produced by Cut Chemist, DJ Nu-Mark, KutMasta Kurt, Main Source and RZA. It features guest appearances from Big Daddy Kane, Canibus, Chill Rob G, Chino XL, Crooked I, Dilated Peoples, Eminem, EPMD, Eric B. & Rakim, Gang Starr, Heltah Skeltah, Inspectah Deck, Jayo Felony, Jurassic 5, Kool Keith, KRS-One, Main Source, Malik B.,",
"title": "This or That"
},
{
"id": "17845851",
"text": "Dee Haslam Susan \"Dee\" Haslam (born Susan Bagwell on July 5, 1954) is an American businesswoman, and the CEO and executive producer of the RIVR Media Companies. Dee is the owner of the Cleveland Browns, along with her husband, Jimmy Haslam. She is also part of the family ownership group of the Travel Center company Pilot Flying J. Haslam is the daughter of Ross Bagwell Sr., and Sue Burchfield Bagwell. Ross Bagwell is a pioneer in cable television, having produced thousands of hours of programming. He built one of the largest privately held production companies in the United States before",
"title": "Dee Haslam"
},
{
"id": "17402809",
"text": "$17,000,000, far better than other concert films like \"\", \"\", and \"\", but not enough to surpass \"\", \"\" and \"Michael Jackson's This Is It\". \"This Is Us\" is the third concert film to top the box office, after the Hannah Montana and Michael Jackson films. According to \"Forbes\", the film would top the box office on its opening weekend with an estimated $18 million. \"The Hollywood Reporter\" said the film would earn about $45 million in its four-day debut. The film has been a box office success worldwide, grossing over six times its budget. On Rotten Tomatoes the film",
"title": "One Direction: This Is Us"
},
{
"id": "18829131",
"text": "marries Brad with Anthony crying in the background. On September 18, 2014, Lionsgate announced that it has picked up the international distribution rights to the movie, while 20th Century Fox picked up U.S. distribution rights to the movie, with production jointly financed by DreamWorks Animation's AwesomenessTV, and Defy Media. The picture was written by Eric Falconer, creator and executive producer of \"Blue Mountain State\" and writer of \"How I Met Your Mother\". The film's executive producers are Padilla, Hecox, Barry Blumberg of Defy Media, Brett Bouttier, Joe Davola and Shauna Phelan. AwesomenessTV founder Brian Robbins serves as producer. Winter was",
"title": "Smosh: The Movie"
},
{
"id": "7191709",
"text": "to drop charges as a result of a technicality. In 2007, Apache CEO G. Steven Farris wrote to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in favor of limits on nonbinding shareholder proposals at public company annual meetings. Apache Corporation Apache Corporation is an American petroleum and natural gas exploration and production company incorporated in Delaware and headquartered in Houston. The company is on the Fortune 500. In 2017, the company's total production was per day, of which 51% was in the United States, 36% was in Egypt, and 13% was in the North Sea. As of December 31, 2017, the",
"title": "Apache Corporation"
},
{
"id": "19510480",
"text": "a triplet pregnancy, born six weeks premature on Jack's 36th birthday in 1980; their brother is stillborn. Believing they were meant to have three children, Jack and Rebecca, who are white, decide to adopt Randall, an African American child born the same day and brought to the same hospital after his biological father abandoned him at a fire station. Jack dies when his children are 17. Most episodes feature a storyline taking place in the present (2016–2018, contemporaneous with airing) and a storyline taking place at a set time in the past; but some episodes are set in one time",
"title": "This Is Us (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "13990428",
"text": "record executive.\" In 2015 Lipman will serve as producer on the upcoming film \"Rollin' Thunder\". In 2010, Lipman was the recipient of the Humanitarian of the Year award given by the TJ Martell Foundation, and sits on the foundation's board. He is also a board member of the Amy Winehouse Foundation. Additionally, he has been involved with the UJA-Federation of New York’s Young Entertainment Division, as well as the USO Entertainment Advisory Council. Monte Lipman Monte Lipman is an American music industry executive. He is the co-founder, chairman and current CEO of Republic Records. He is the brother of Avery",
"title": "Monte Lipman"
},
{
"id": "19527391",
"text": "Award winning, world music vocal group Ladysmith Black Mambazo, country music singer Billy Ray Cyrus, Company of Thieves frontwoman Genevieve, and French pop singer Maude including co-producing & co-writing Maude's 2014 album \"#HoldUp\" and co-writing her debut #1 single “Love Is What You Make of It\". Additionally, under The Trust, Hubbard manages two-time Grammy Award nominated, multi-platinum record producer Jayme David Silverstein whose production credits include Miguel, Kaskade, Eva Simons, Richard Orlinski and Morgan Page. Hubbard has produced songs for national and international TV shows and movies such as \"American Idol\", \"The Voice\", \"Chelsea Lately\", \"Good Morning America\", ABC's \"Stitchers\"",
"title": "Tommy Hubbard"
},
{
"id": "2295418",
"text": "been starring as Rebecca Pearson in the NBC family drama \"This Is Us\" since 2016, and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role. The cast won a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series. Moore was born on April 10, 1984, in Nashua, New Hampshire, to Stacy (born Friedman), a former news reporter who once worked for the \"Orlando Sentinel\", and Donald Moore, a pilot for American Airlines. Moore was raised Catholic, but has since developed a \"hodgepodge of things\" that she believes. Moore is of",
"title": "Mandy Moore"
},
{
"id": "9668482",
"text": "which stars Jesse Eisenberg, Kristen Stewart, Ryan Reynolds, and Bill Hader. The film, a joint effort for Miramax and Sidney Kimmel Entertainment, was released in 2009 and earned award nominations at three festivals. With at least two films being released each year since their creation in 2004, This Is That also made, in association with Likely Story and This Is That's former partner Anthony Bregman, \"Carriers\", written and directed by brothers Alex and David Pastor, and \"Sleep Dealer\", a Spanish-language science-fiction romance from writer-director Alex Rivera that won the Best Screenplay award at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival. Anthony Bregman",
"title": "This Is That Productions"
},
{
"id": "12403713",
"text": "Petroleum in the United States Petroleum in the United States has been a major industry since shortly after the oil discovery in the Oil Creek area of Titusville, Pennsylvania in 1859. The petroleum industry includes exploration for, production, processing (refining), transportation, and marketing of natural gas and petroleum products. As of 2008, the U.S. was the world's third-largest oil producer (after Saudi Arabia and Russia), producing 8.5 million barrels of oil and natural gas liquids per day. The leading oil-producing area in the United States in 2014 was Texas ( per day), followed by the federal zone of the Gulf",
"title": "Petroleum in the United States"
},
{
"id": "15818578",
"text": "Hemlock Semiconductor Corporation Hemlock Semiconductor Corporation is the largest producer of polysilicon in the United States. It is a subsidiary of Dow Corning founded in 1961, and named after Hemlock, Michigan, the location of its factory. Its current facilities produce some 36,000 tons of polysilicon, ranking it among the top five producers worldwide. The company expanded with the Japanese joint venture partners Shin-Etsu Chemical and Mitsubishi Materials, for a new $1.2 billion plant opening near Clarksville, Tennessee. Though it officially opened in 2012, chemicals were never inventoried and no product was made. The plant was under negotiations in 2011 for",
"title": "Hemlock Semiconductor Corporation"
},
{
"id": "19485756",
"text": "that Cary Fukunaga was boarding the project as director, and would co-write the script with Chase Palmer. The producers were now Roy Lee of Vertigo Entertainment, Dan Lin of Lin Pictures, and Seth Grahame-Smith and David Katzenberg of KatzSmith Productions. On May 21, 2014, Warner Bros. was announced to have moved the film to its New Line Cinema division, with overseer duties conducting by New Line's Walter Hamada and Dave Neustadter, along with Vice President of Production at Warner Bros., Niija Kuykendall. On December 5, 2014, in an interview with \"Vulture\", Dan Lin announced that the first film would be",
"title": "It (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "18707861",
"text": "hired Matt Alvarez as President of Production. Matt Alvarez is a producer of \"Straight Outta Compton\", \"Ride Along\", and \"Ride Along 2\". In September 2016, Richard Fay was announced to be the head of distribution, replacing Travis Reid who previously resigned. Broad Green Pictures Broad Green Pictures is an American film production and financing company. It was founded in 2014 by CEO Gabriel Hammond and Chief Creative Officer, Daniel Hammond. On August 2, 2017, the company shut down its entire production division after a string of box office disappointments. On February 25, 2015, Broad Green Pictures acquired a 45% stake",
"title": "Broad Green Pictures"
},
{
"id": "9366517",
"text": "\"a necessary change of pace\". In May 2018, he released a single titled \"This Is America\" while performing dual hosting and musical duty on \"Saturday Night Live\". The song debuted at number one, becoming both Glover's first number one and top ten single in the United States. It features him both singing and rapping, drawing influence from trap music. Its lyrics addressed a variety of topics including gun violence in the United States and being black in the United States, while its provocative video, directed by Japanese filmmaker and frequent collaborator Hiro Murai, featured Glover performing a series of shootings",
"title": "Donald Glover"
},
{
"id": "13547762",
"text": "72 in the UK, and 18 on the US Hot Dance Club Songs chart. It was their final album under Jive and their last album as a quartet before original member Kevin Richardson rejoined the band on April 29, 2012. In an interview with \"Extra TV\", the group confirmed the title of their seventh album to be \"This Is Us\". In the official press release RCA/Jive Records describes the album as \"a finely crafted R&B and pop album from four talented musicians who love what they do and who maintain the rare relevance in an industry that often disposes of",
"title": "This Is Us (Backstreet Boys album)"
},
{
"id": "20705787",
"text": "Nyong'o, Winston Duke, and Elisabeth Moss would star in the film. In July 2018, Tim Heidecker, Yahya Abdul-Mateen II and Anna Diop joined the cast. Additionally, at the start of principal production, the rest of the cast was announced. In September 2018, Duke Nicholson, grandson of Jack Nicholson, joined the cast in his film debut. Principal production commenced on July 30, 2018, in California. The film is scheduled to be released on March 15, 2019. Us (2019 film) Us is an upcoming American horror film written, co-produced and directed by Jordan Peele. It stars Lupita Nyong'o, Winston Duke, Elisabeth Moss,",
"title": "Us (2019 film)"
},
{
"id": "17954178",
"text": "Joseph Genier Joseph P. Genier is an American Producer, Production Manager, member of the directors guild of America, co-founder of Capital Arts Entertainment, and the founder and owner of Push Worldwide. He is best known for producing Tyler Perry's \"Madea\" movies as well as MTV's Teen Wolf. Genier graduated from Cornell University in 1992 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Communications. and began producing films and television shows shortly thereafter. He is now based in Los Angeles since 2010 when Teen Wolf was relocated to Northridge after previous filming in Georgia. He is the head of Production at Capital",
"title": "Joseph Genier"
},
{
"id": "20330107",
"text": "on NBC in the United States, and on CTV in Canada. \"This Is Us\" served as the lead-out program for Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 91% approval rating, with an average rating of 8.09/10, and an average episode score of 92%, based on 21 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"This is Us\" continues to tug at heartstrings with an emotional exploration of family that ensures viewers will want to keep the tissues close -- and their loved ones closer.\" General references This Is Us (season 2) The second season of",
"title": "This Is Us (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "4629682",
"text": "made into the air product viewers watch Monday through Friday at 6 p.m. and 11 p.m. (ET). When difficulties arise, the show is occasionally \"hot-rolled\". As of August 2007, among the many \"Mad Money\" contributors are executive producer Regina Gilgan; producer Kat Ricker; line producer, George Manessis; head writer Cliff Mason; tape producer Chris Schwarz, responsible for creating and delivering the final show to air. Segment producers include Kate Welsh and Heather Butler, as well as assistant producers, Candy Cheng and Jackie Fabozzi, who compile elements needed for air, and help determine the show's editorial direction. Avid Adrenaline edited elements",
"title": "Mad Money"
},
{
"id": "6667554",
"text": "\"Chris\" through the addition of drums courtesy of a Linn drum machine and David Bowie's vocal performance. The song later appeared on Bowie's 2002 greatest hits compilation \"Best of Bowie\", appearing on all but the Australian and Japanese pressings of that album. Metheny later noted that Bowie's words were \"profound and meaningful—and absolutely perfect for the film.\" Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"The Falcon and the Snowman: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\". Bibliography This Is Not America \"This Is Not America\" is a song by English singer David Bowie and American jazz fusion band Pat Metheny Group, taken from",
"title": "This Is Not America"
},
{
"id": "11643812",
"text": "Zadan and Meron were awarded the Career Achievement Award by the Casting Society of America. He has been nominated for the Emmy Award eight times, along with his co-executive producer Zadan (and the respective producers). Neil Meron Neil Meron (born October 26, 1955) is an American film producer known for producing the 2002 film \"Chicago\" and the 2007 film \"Hairspray\". With partner Craig Zadan he ran the production company Storyline Entertainment until Zadan's death in 2018. Meron continues to run the company. Meron, born in Brooklyn, New York, attended Samuel J. Tilden High School in the same borough and Brooklyn",
"title": "Neil Meron"
},
{
"id": "17402808",
"text": "25 June 2013. This second trailer also teased a snippet of \"Best Song Ever\", the lead single from their third studio album, \"Midnight Memories\", which has been released upcoming on 25 November 2013 \"This Is Us\" grossed $28.9 million in North America, and $38.5 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $67.3 million. It is currently the fourth highest-grossing concert film. It made a net profit of $18 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film. The film scored $2.7 million on its Thursday debut, and topped the box office on its opening weekend, earning",
"title": "One Direction: This Is Us"
},
{
"id": "3289404",
"text": "Occidental Petroleum Occidental Petroleum Corporation (often abbreviated Oxy in reference to its ticker symbol) is an American multinational petroleum and natural gas exploration and production company incorporated in Delaware and headquartered in Houston, Texas with operations in the United States, the Middle East, and Latin America. The company is ranked 722nd on the Forbes Global 2000 and 220th on the 2018 Fortune 500. In 2017, the company was the 3rd largest petroleum producer and 21st largest natural gas producer in Texas. Occidental Petroleum was founded in 1920 in California. In 1957, Armand Hammer was elected president and chief executive officer",
"title": "Occidental Petroleum"
},
{
"id": "19510481",
"text": "period or use multiple flashback time periods. Flashbacks often focus on Jack and Rebecca c.1980 both before and after their babies' birth, or on the family when the Big Three are children (at least ages 8–10) or adolescents; these scenes usually take place in Pittsburgh, where the Big Three are born and raised. Various other time periods and locations have also served as settings. Recently, the show has flashed back to follow the lives of newer characters, such as Randall's foster child, Deja. As adults, Kate lives in Los Angeles, Randall and his family are in New Jersey, and Kevin",
"title": "This Is Us (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "7942626",
"text": "Hydrogen production Hydrogen production is the family of industrial methods for generating hydrogen. Currently the dominant technology for direct production is steam reforming from hydrocarbons. Many other methods are known including electrolysis and thermolysis. In 2006, the United States was estimated to have a production capacity of 11 million tons of hydrogen. 5 million tons of hydrogen were consumed on-site in oil refining, and in the production of ammonia (Haber process) and methanol (reduction of carbon monoxide). 0.4 million tons were an incidental by-product of the chlor-alkali process. Hydrogen production is an estimated $100 billion industry. According to the U.S.",
"title": "Hydrogen production"
},
{
"id": "1351060",
"text": "Music Awards for Best Rock Video and helping launch the band into mainstream success. \"Smells Like Children\" was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Marilyn Manson's success in the wake of their hit single \"Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)\" helped garner much anticipation for their follow-up, sophomore album, \"Antichrist Superstar\". Trent Reznor once again came on board as producer, while Manson, Sean Beavan and Dave Ogilvie shared co-production duties. Members of both Marilyn Manson and Nine Inch Nails also participated in production duties. The album was recorded at Reznor's Nothing Studios in New Orleans. The",
"title": "Nothing Records"
},
{
"id": "3029215",
"text": "USG Corporation USG Corporation, also known as United States Gypsum Corporation, is an American company which manufactures construction materials, most notably drywall and joint compound. The company is the largest distributor of wallboard in the United States and the largest manufacturer of gypsum products in North America. It is also a major consumer of synthetic gypsum, a byproduct of flue-gas desulfurization. Its corporate offices are located at 550 West Adams Street in Chicago, Illinois. Together with other construction products, USG's most significant brands are: In December 2013, Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway became the largest shareholder in the company (holding roughly",
"title": "USG Corporation"
},
{
"id": "20709670",
"text": "of Cinematography Camerimage for Best Cinematography in a Music Video. Spencer Kornhaber of \"The Atlantic\" described the initial reaction on Twitter as \"a gushing river of well-deserved praise\" and the video as \"the most talked-about music video of recent memory.\" Daniel Kreps of \"Rolling Stone\" commented that the video \"is a surreal, visceral statement about gun violence in America\". \"Pitchfork\" awarded the song the distinction of \"Best New Track\". \"Billboard\" critics ranked it 10th among the \"greatest music videos of the 21st century.\" Mahita Gajanan of \"Time\" quoted music history professor Guthrie Ramsey at the University of Pennsylvania, In December",
"title": "This Is America (song)"
},
{
"id": "15781614",
"text": "Award for Best Dance Recording as well as an ASCAP Pop Music Award for its author. In 2003, a song she cowrote for Enrique Iglesius (and featured Kelis) entitled \"Not in Love\" won the Billboard Latin Dance song of the year and enjoyed top ten placement in many sales charts around the world. In 2008, Lady V cowrote the song \"This is Us\" which appeared on the Keyshia Cole album \"A Different Me.\" The album went on to sell 1 million copies. As well, during this year, Horn collaborated with songwriters David \"DQ\" Quiñones, Erika Nuri, Rodney Jerkins, and Evan",
"title": "Victoria Horn"
},
{
"id": "13547763",
"text": "pop acts. The 11 songs that make up album are the sounds of four skilled singers with a similar vision, who have dealt with the trials and tribulations that accompany fame at an early age and who came out as one of the most successful groups of all time. It shows remarkable growth as songwriters and continues to give us songs that has made millions smile.\" On May 1, 2009, the Backstreet Boys management team expressed discontent at the fact that four recorded songs had been leaked on the internet. In an interview, A. J. McLean said that the group",
"title": "This Is Us (Backstreet Boys album)"
},
{
"id": "13547765",
"text": "the internet\". Amongst those songs listed in the complaint was one called \"Masquerade\", described at the time as a new recording by the Backstreet Boys. However, despite leaking, the song is still included on the album. Regarding their collaboration with RedOne, McLean remarked that it had been largely a last minute affair. Due to timing, the group was not able to make any recordings with the in-demand producer; however, near to the album's turn-in date, RedOne revealed that he had worked on three songs for the group and was more than willing to collaborate. It was also revealed that there",
"title": "This Is Us (Backstreet Boys album)"
},
{
"id": "8141733",
"text": "Rhys Coiro, to whom Weiss bears little outward resemblance. Weiss was an executive producer on the HBO comedy-drama, \"How to Make It in America\". In 2014 Weiss partnered with Davidoff of Geneva to create the signature cigar line BG Meyer Cigar Co.; its launch was lauded by \"Cigar Aficionado\". \"Deadline\" also reported Weiss was tapped by Sonny Barger and Fox 2000 to write and direct the feature film \"Hells Angels\". Weiss wrote the story and produced the film adaptation of \"Entourage\" (2015), and will executive produce the 2015 Dwayne Johnson show, \"Ballers\". Rob Weiss Rob Weiss is an American television",
"title": "Rob Weiss"
},
{
"id": "17392852",
"text": "Made in the USA (song) \"Made in the USA\" is a song recorded by American singer Demi Lovato. The song was released on July 16, 2013 as the second single from her fourth studio album, \"Demi\" (2013). The song was written by Lovato, Jason Evigan, Corey Chorus, Blair Perkins, and Jonas Jeberg and produced by Jeberg. \"Made in the USA\" is an uptempo pop rock song that celebrates an everlasting American romantic relationship. Lovato released the song around Independence Day. The song peaked at number 80 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It has sold 312,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan.",
"title": "Made in the USA (song)"
},
{
"id": "20709664",
"text": "Is America\", pointing out the similarities between the song and \"American Pharaoh\" by Jase Harley. CBS News stated, \"The tracks have a similar sound, and share similar themes in the lyrics.\" Harley stated that he felt \"This Is America\" was influenced by his song, but that he does not have an issue with it. Glover's manager, Fam Rothstein, denied any plagiarism. Directed by Hiro Murai, who has continuously worked with Gambino, the music video for the song was released on YouTube simultaneously with Gambino's performance of the song on \"Saturday Night Live\". The video received 12.9 million views in 24",
"title": "This Is America (song)"
},
{
"id": "20875372",
"text": "in January 2018, which Glover called \"a necessary change of pace\". In May 2018, he released a single titled \"This Is America\" while performing dual hosting and musical duty on \"Saturday Night Live\". The song debuted at number one, becoming both Glover's first number one and top ten single in the United States. It features him both singing and rapping, drawing influence from trap music. Its lyrics addressed a variety of topics including gun violence in the United States and being black in the United States, while its provocative video, directed by Japanese-American filmmaker and frequent collaborator Hiro Murai, featured",
"title": "This Is America Tour"
},
{
"id": "6683611",
"text": "and Subway are the two most recognized brands in the world. Coca-Cola is the most recognized soft drink company in the world. Chemical products are the leading manufacturing field. The United States is the largest producer of oil in the world, as well as its second-largest importer. It is the world's number one producer of electrical and nuclear energy, as well as liquid natural gas, sulfur, phosphates, and salt. The National Mining Association provides data pertaining to coal and minerals that include beryllium, copper, lead, magnesium, zinc, titanium and others. Agriculture accounts for just under 1% of GDP, yet the",
"title": "United States"
},
{
"id": "475744",
"text": "stated. Previous producers have included Jay Wolpert, Barbara Hunter and Phil Wayne Rossi (Wayne's son). Michael Dimich assumed the director's chair in June 2011. Marc Breslow, Paul Alter, Bart Eskander and Rich DiPirro each served long stints previously as director. Former associate directors Andrew Felsher and Fred Witten, as well as technical director Glenn Koch, have directed episodes strictly on a fill-in basis. Sandler began directing episodes in 2012, and became the official director in 2013. Aside from Barker, the show's production staff remained intact after Carey became host. FremantleMedia executive Syd Vinnedge was named the program's new executive producer,",
"title": "The Price Is Right (U.S. game show)"
}
] | who are the producers of this is us |
|
| [
{
"id": "14489039",
"text": "as Hanna Marin and Shay Mitchell as Emily Fields, as well as the addition of Laura Leighton as Ashley Marin, Alexis Denisof as Byron Montgomery, Bianca Lawson as Maya, as well as Jean Louisa Kelly and Nia Peeples. \"The Hollywood Reporter\" also noted that Torrey DeVitto and Sasha Pieterse landed recurring roles in the pilot. The Alloy website later confirmed that Pieterse would be playing Alison DiLaurentis and DeVitto would be Melissa Hastings, also noting Janel Parrish as Mona Vanderwaal and Cody Allen Christian, as Mike Montgomery. In April 2010, Chad Lowe replaced Alexis Denisof as Aria's father, Byron Montgomery.",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "14647613",
"text": "Shay Mitchell Shay Mitchell (born Shannon Ashley Mitchell; 10 April 1987) is a Canadian-Filipino actress, model, entrepreneur and author. She rose to prominence starring as Emily Fields in the Freeform series \"Pretty Little Liars\" (2010–2017). Mitchell was born in Mississauga, Ontario, the daughter of Precious Garcia and Mark Mitchell. Her parents work in finance. Her father is of Scottish and Irish descent and her mother, who is Filipino, is from the province of Pampanga, and left the Philippines at age 19. She has one younger brother named Sean. She is a first cousin-once-removed of Lea Salonga, a singer and Tony",
"title": "Shay Mitchell"
},
{
"id": "14201327",
"text": "as Hanna Marin, Shay Mitchell as Emily Fields, Sasha Pieterse as Alison DiLaurentis and Janel Parrish as Mona Vanderwaal. The series premiered on June 8, 2010 on Freeform, formerly known as ABC Family, and ended on June 27, 2017. After an initial order of 10 episodes, ABC Family ordered an additional 12 episodes on June 28, 2010. The ratings success of the first 10 episodes prompted the book series to be extended beyond the initial eight novels. Since its debut, the series has received mixed reviews from television critics, but remained a relative success for Freeform, garnering a large fandom,",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars"
},
{
"id": "18768926",
"text": "announcement of the production's development, it was reported that Kidman and Witherspoon would also star in the adaptation as well. In December 2015, it announced that Shailene Woodley, Adam Scott, Laura Dern, and Zoë Kravitz had joined the cast in lead roles. On January 5, 2016, it was announced that Alexander Skarsgard and James Tupper had joined the main cast and that Jeffrey Nordling, Santiago Cabrera, P. J. Byrne, Kelen Coleman, Sarah Burns, Darby Camp, Cameron and Nicholas Crovetti, Ivy George, Chloe Coleman, Virginia Kull, Sarah Baker, Kathreen Khavari, Larry Bates, Hong Chau, and Gia Carides had joined the show's",
"title": "Big Little Lies (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "15844716",
"text": "television. However, there are some perceptual differences between the two versions, since the television series usually doesn't follows the books' scripts. As an example, Emily's parents on the screen have different names from the books ones; and, in the books, she has siblings, while in the television series she doesn't. Another noticeable difference between the two versions are the physical and psychological characteristics. For her portrayal, Mitchell was nominated twice in the Teen Choice Awards. \"Pretty Little Liars\" is a series of novels which follows the lives of four teenage girls nicknamed the Pretty little Liars or simply the Liars,",
"title": "Emily Fields"
},
{
"id": "15461434",
"text": "to 25 episodes. On December 13, 2011, it was announced that the identity of A would be revealed in the Spring Finale. Plus, the season finale will see someone arrested for the murder of Alison, as well as the death of a beloved character — excluding the four female leads. Filming of season two wrapped on December 16, 2011. Janel Parrish, Tammin Sursok, Bianca Lawson, and Tyler Blackburn return in the second season as Mona Vanderwaal, Jenna Marshall, Maya St. Germain, and Caleb Rivers. Also returning are Yani Gellman, Torrey DeVitto, Lindsey Shaw, Claire Holt, Keegan Allen, Brant Daugherty, Brendan",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "14201333",
"text": "Hastings and Ian Harding as Ezra Fitz in November 2009. In December 2009, The Futon Critic confirmed the casting of Ashley Benson as Hanna Marin and Shay Mitchell as Emily Fields, as well as the addition of Laura Leighton as Ashley Marin, Nia Peeples as Pam Fields, Roark Critchlow as Tom Marin, and Bianca Lawson as Maya. Mitchell had initially auditioned for the role of Spencer and then tried for Emily. \"The Hollywood Reporter\" also noted that Torrey DeVitto and Sasha Pieterse landed recurring roles in the pilot. The Alloy website later confirmed that Pieterse would be playing Alison DiLaurentis",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars"
},
{
"id": "10492160",
"text": "Pretty Little Liars (book series) Pretty Little Liars is a series of young adult novels by Sara Shepard. Beginning with 2006's initial novel of the same name, the series follows the lives of four girls – Spencer Hastings, Hanna Marin, Aria Montgomery and Emily Fields. The novels have appeared on \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list. A television series adaptation loosely based on the novels debuted on June 8, 2010, on ABC Family. The franchise has been licensed by Amazon.com's Kindle Worlds range of non-canon ebooks. The series is loosely divided into four arcs, chronicling the introduction and reveal",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (book series)"
},
{
"id": "14489034",
"text": "Pretty Little Liars (season 1) The first season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 8, 2010 and concluded on March 21, 2011 on ABC Family. The show premiered to 2.47 million viewers and retained a regular audience of 2.5 million viewers during its summer run. The summer finale scored 3.07 million viewers, achieving a series high. The show went on hiatus and returned with its winter premiere on January 3, 2011, with 4.20 million viewers, becoming one of ABC Family's top telecasts to date. Spencer Hastings, Aria Montgomery,",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "14984444",
"text": "Drew Van Acker Drew Van Acker (born April 2, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Jason DiLaurentis, the older brother of Alison DiLaurentis (Sasha Pieterse) on ABC Family's \"Pretty Little Liars\" (2010–2017) and Ian Archer in Cartoon Network's \"Tower Prep\" (2010). He has also starred as Remi Delatour on Lifetime's \"Devious Maids\" (2013–2015), and as Detective Tommy Campbell on the 2017 CBS police drama \"Training Day\". Van Acker was born in New York, but lived in Medford, New Jersey, his entire life. He attended Shawnee High School, where he began acting in their high school",
"title": "Drew Van Acker"
},
{
"id": "7311607",
"text": "Yani Gellman Yani Gellman (born September 2, 1985) is an American film and television actor, known for playing Paolo Valisari in \"The Lizzie McGuire Movie\", Garrett Reynolds in \"Pretty Little Liars\" and Diego Flores in \"90210.\" Gellman was born in Miami, Florida, to a Canadian father and an Australian mother. He is of Jewish heritage. He was named after a family friend, writer Jan Joors. His father was a reporter, and the family frequently moved during Gellman's childhood, living in Australia, Spain, and Texas before settling in Toronto. Gellman speaks Spanish, having learned it during his time living in Spain.",
"title": "Yani Gellman"
},
{
"id": "14201332",
"text": "Liars\" television pilot for ABC Family, with the novels adapted for television. After the pilot was shot in Vancouver in December 2009, filming for the rest of the series moved to Los Angeles. The series was primarily filmed at the Warner Bros. studio and backlot in the city of Burbank, near Los Angeles. In June 2012, the series was selected by lottery for a California film and TV tax credit. ABC Family began casting for a \"Pretty Little Liars\" television pilot in October 2009. Lucy Hale was cast as Aria Montgomery in the project, followed by Troian Bellisario as Spencer",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars"
},
{
"id": "19269383",
"text": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show Freeform's longest running original series. The season consisted of 20 episodes, in which ten episodes aired in the summer of 2016, with the remaining ten episodes aired from April 2017. The season's premiere aired on June 21, 2016 on Freeform. Production and filming began in the end of March 2016, which was confirmed by showrunner I.",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7)"
},
{
"id": "7431160",
"text": "Sean Murray (actor) Sean Harland Murray (born November 15, 1977) is an American actor known for his role as Special Agent Timothy McGee on the American TV drama \"NCIS\". He also played Thackery Binx in Disney's Halloween film \"Hocus Pocus\" and Danny Walden in the military drama series \"JAG\". Murray's mother is Vivienne Bellisario, fourth wife of American television producer and screenwriter Donald P. Bellisario, making him Bellisario's stepson. He has one brother, Chad W. Murray (\"\" producer), and seven stepsiblings, including \"Pretty Little Liars\" actress Troian Bellisario and \"JAG\" actor Michael Bellisario. Murray's TV credits include a starring role",
"title": "Sean Murray (actor)"
},
{
"id": "14201328",
"text": "primarily on social media. On March 26, 2013, a spin-off series was announced, titled \"Ravenswood\", but was canceled after one season. On June 10, 2014, \"Pretty Little Liars\" was renewed for its sixth and seventh seasons. On August 29, 2016, Freeform confirmed that the series would be ending after its seventh season in 2017. Filming of the series officially wrapped on October 26, 2016. The series finale was viewed by an estimated 1.41 million viewers. It had the second-highest rating of any cable TV series that aired that night. The episode was followed by \"A-List Wrap Party\", a live special",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars"
},
{
"id": "20219853",
"text": "or exciting of a concept.\" \"Till Death Do Us Part\" was viewed by 1.41 million viewers upon its first broadcast, acquiring a 0.7 Nielsen rating/share among the 18–49 demographic. It was second most watched episode of the season, and was slightly up from the sixth-season finale a year ago. This episode is rated TV-14. The \"A-List Wrap Party\" special was watched by 0.62 millions viewers. Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars) \"Till Death Do Us Part\" is the series finale of \"Pretty Little Liars\", which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 27, 2017.",
"title": "Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "14891586",
"text": "Merriman and Keegan Allen, respectively. After the pilot was shot in Vancouver, filming for the rest of the series has since moved to Los Angeles. The series is primarily filmed at the Warner Bros. studio and backlot in the city of Burbank (near Los Angeles). The pilot was broadcast on June 8, 2010. It was watched by 2.47 million viewers, scoring a 0.9 rating in the 18-49 demographic. \"Pilot\" was received with mixed opinions, although the series has gotten a more positive critique over its progression. Metacritic gave the pilot episode 52 out of 100, based upon 14 critical reviews.",
"title": "Pilot (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "20219845",
"text": "reveals to Hadley as Addison is missing and the series ends when she says \"I think that I heard a scream\". The story was drafted by series creator I. Marlene King and Kyle Bown, while its teleplay was composed by King and executive producer Maya Goldsmith. This is the only season finale not entirely written solely by King. The episode was aired as a two-hour special event. Directed by King, it was filmed in October 2016 in and around Los Angeles, California, mostly on the backlot of the Warner Bros. studio lot in Burbank. Filming started in October 5 and",
"title": "Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "19269393",
"text": "was ordered with the sixth season on June 10, 2014, right before the fifth-season premiere aired, which made Pretty Little Liars ABC Family's longest running original series, surpassing \"The Secret Life of the American Teenager\", which was ABC Family's previous longest running original series. The season will consist of 20 episodes, in which ten episodes will air in the summer of 2016, with the remaining ten episodes beginning to air in April 2017. Charlie Craig, who served as writer/consulting producer on the second season, will return for the seventh season as executive producer/co-showrunner. I. Marlene King revealed the title of",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7)"
},
{
"id": "19269404",
"text": "on the show since towards the end of the fifth season. Pretty Little Liars (season 7) The seventh and final season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show Freeform's longest running original series. The season consisted of 20 episodes, in which ten episodes aired in the summer of 2016, with the remaining ten episodes aired from April 2017. The season's premiere aired on June 21, 2016 on Freeform. Production and filming began in",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7)"
},
{
"id": "20219829",
"text": "find peace of mind and discover the identity of their tormentor. Alison DiLaurentis (Sasha Pieterse) and Emily Fields (Shay Mitchell) are both working at Rosewood High and living a family life together. Ezra Fitz (Ian Harding) and Aria Montgomery (Lucy Hale) finally married, Hanna Marin (Ashley Benson) and Caleb Rivers (Tyler Blackburn) move with their husband-and-wife life and Spencer Hastings (Troian Bellisario) discovers she has an identical twin sister named Alex Drake who is revealed to be the evil \"A.D.\" wanting to avenge Charlotte's death and physically replace Spencer's life as a impersonator due to her jealousy of the upbringing",
"title": "Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "14201326",
"text": "Pretty Little Liars Pretty Little Liars is an American teen drama mystery thriller television series developed by I. Marlene King and is loosely based on the novel series of the same name written by Sara Shepard. The series follows the lives of four girls whose clique falls apart after the disappearance of their leader. One year later, the estranged friends are reunited as they begin receiving messages from a mysterious figure named \"A\" who threatens to expose their deepest secrets. The series features an ensemble cast, headed by Troian Bellisario as Spencer Hastings, Lucy Hale as Aria Montgomery, Ashley Benson",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars"
},
{
"id": "20219828",
"text": "Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars) \"Till Death Do Us Part\" is the series finale of \"Pretty Little Liars\", which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 27, 2017. The twentieth episode of the seventh season and the 160th overall, it was directed by showrunner I. Marlene King, who also co-wrote the episode alongside Kyle Bown and Maya Goldsmith. Shortly after the two-hour final episode, a special titled \"A-List Wrap Party\" was aired, in which the main cast and King talked about the show's end and behind-the-scenes exclusives. In this episode, the Liars finally",
"title": "Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "3391501",
"text": "TV shows such as \"Street Justice\", \"Malcolm in the Middle\", \"Entourage\", \"Charmed\", \"\", \"Afterworld\" and \"Friends\". In 2009, he appeared in an episode of the re-imagined \"Battlestar Galactica\". He also appeared in the 2009 movie \"Hydra\" as Sean Trotta. Critchlow recently had a recurring role on the science fiction TV show \"V\" and on ABC Family's breakout-hit \"Pretty Little Liars\", where he has the role as Tom Marin (Hanna Marin's father). He was also in Charmed, he played the man with the greed sin Critchlow was born in Calgary, Alberta, Canada and grew up in Summerland, British Columbia. He was",
"title": "Roark Critchlow"
},
{
"id": "20227917",
"text": "Peter's heart medication pills to poison her sister and proceeded to bury her on the Hastings' backyard. At last, Spencer comprehends her father's concern, seeing as Drake wanted to blame Peter for Jessica's murder. That being said, Spencer is disappointed to learn that Peter knew about Charlotte's connection to their family prior to exposing herself as \"A\". He then assures his daughter that despite her hard feelings, he'll always guard her from harm. Meanwhile, Emily reveals that Driscoll played them and left the device on a greyhound to Philadelphia. Aria receives a FaceTime call from a blocked number on her",
"title": "Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "14201329",
"text": "featuring the cast and executive producer King discussing the series ending. On September 25, 2017, Freeform announced that a second spin-off series, titled \"\", had been ordered, with Pieterse and Parrish reprising their roles as Alison DiLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal respectively. On May 14, 2018, Freeform picked up the series for a 10-episode first season, set to air in 2019. In a 2018 panel, Parrish said that some plot points created in \"Pretty Little Liars\" will be resolved during the spin-off. Set in the small suburban town of Rosewood, Pennsylvania, the series follows the lives of five girls: Spencer Hastings,",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars"
},
{
"id": "20163758",
"text": "and was wheeled into an operating room. Alison is traumatized to remember that Emily's (Shay Mitchell) donated eggs were implanted inside her uterus, realizing Emily is her child's mother. Spencer (Troian Bellisario) has a long overdue conversation with her father (Nolan North) about his past sins and recent whereabouts. Emily continues to navigate working at Rosewood High with both Alison and Paige (Lindsey Shaw), learning the truth about Alison's pregnancy. Meanwhile, Paige contemplates leaving Rosewood, but decides against it, resulting in her and Emily renewing their relationship. Aria (Lucy Hale) continues to question the fate of her relationship with Ezra",
"title": "Power Play (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "14201343",
"text": "was announced on June 10, 2014 that \"Pretty Little Liars\" was renewed for two seasons, making the show ABC Family's longest running original hit series. On August 29, 2016, I.Marlene King announced that \"Pretty Little Liars\" would be ending after the seventh season had aired. The second half of the seventh season will begin airing later than previous season, in April instead of January. \"Pretty Little Liars\" opened with mixed reviews. Metacritic gave the pilot episode 52 out of 100, based upon 14 critical reviews. The New York \"Daily News\" gave the show a positive review, commenting that it \"makes",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars"
},
{
"id": "19623505",
"text": "conqueror, gaining new friends in the process. In addition to the show's regular voice cast reprising their roles, the film features the voices of Emily Blunt, Kristin Chenoweth, Liev Schreiber, Michael Peña, Sia, Taye Diggs, Uzo Aduba, and Zoe Saldana as new characters. The film was produced by Allspark Pictures and DHX Media, using traditional animation created with Toon Boom Harmony. It premiered in New York City on September 24, 2017, and was released on October 6, 2017 in North America through Lionsgate. The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $60million worldwide on a $6.5 million budget.",
"title": "My Little Pony: The Movie (2017 film)"
},
{
"id": "14647619",
"text": "Foundation, a non-profit organization that fought sex trafficking until it ended operations in 2014. She has also worked with The Trevor Project alongside the \"Pretty Little Liars\" cast and the NOH8 Campaign. She works with the WE Charity, which helps communities develop educational resources, and she partnered with \"Represent Clothing\" to promote tees where half the proceeds went to GLAAD. Shay Mitchell Shay Mitchell (born Shannon Ashley Mitchell; 10 April 1987) is a Canadian-Filipino actress, model, entrepreneur and author. She rose to prominence starring as Emily Fields in the Freeform series \"Pretty Little Liars\" (2010–2017). Mitchell was born in Mississauga,",
"title": "Shay Mitchell"
},
{
"id": "20219842",
"text": "holds Emily and Alison's babies and secretly reveals to no one listening that Wren Kingston is their biological father and she impregnated Alison when she was at Welby. Ezra is also locked up with Spencer after he discovered about Alex's existence. The Liars soon find out about Alex Drake and discover that Mona is \"A\" again with Alex and she broke Mary out of prison because Wren visited her in Welby and was intent on killing her but she offered her help. Mona then tells them the location of the lair which is underneath Toby's house that he built. Ezra",
"title": "Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "15461425",
"text": "Pretty Little Liars (season 2) The second season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 14, 2011 and concluded on March 19, 2012 on ABC Family. On January 10, 2011, ABC Family renewed the series for a second season. The season premiere brought in 3.68 million viewers, which was higher than the season 1 premiere. The Halloween special aired on October 19, 2011, drawing 2.5 million total viewers. The second half of season 2 premiered on January 2, 2012. Picking up the night Ian Thomas's body disappears, Spencer, Aria,",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "20163759",
"text": "(Ian Harding) after Nicole's arrival and bristles under \"A.D.’s\" taunts. While searching for Mary (Andrea Parker), wanting answers from her, Hanna (Ashley Benson) and Spencer run into Pastor Ted (Ed Kerr), who eventually reveals himself as Charlotte's biological father. He also reveals that Lucas was Charlotte's old childhood friend. Meanwhile, Aria discovers that Sydney (Chloe Bridges) is on the A-Team, working for \"A.D.\" and she offers Aria the chance to join the team, and become one of \"A.D.'s\" minions. \"Power Play\" was directed by Roger Kumble and written by Lijah J. Barasz, her last writing on the series. The title",
"title": "Power Play (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "5472354",
"text": "Nia Peeples Virenia Gwendolyn \"Nia\" Peeples (born December 10, 1961) is an American R&B and dance music singer and actress. Peeples is known for playing Nicole Chapman on the hit TV series \"Fame\", Pam Fields, the mother of Emily Fields on hit TV drama \"Pretty Little Liars\", as Karen Taylor Winters on \"The Young and the Restless\", and as Sydney Cooke on \"Walker, Texas Ranger\". Her most recent role is Grace's mom, Susan, on \"The Fosters\". Peeples was born in Hollywood, California, the daughter of Elizabeth Joan (née Rubic), a flamenco dancer, and Robert Eugene Peeples. She was raised in",
"title": "Nia Peeples"
},
{
"id": "15461435",
"text": "Robinson, and Julian Morris, who will all reprise their roles from the first season. Annabeth Gish appears as Anne Sullivan, a therapist whom the girls' parents feel can help them on their problems.Andrea Parker will play Jessica DiLaurentis, Alison's mother, who returns to Rosewood to help out with a fashion show being held in Alison's honour. Actor Drew Van Acker also joined the cast playing Jason DiLaurentis, replacing Parker Bagley. Pretty Little Liars (season 2) The second season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 14, 2011 and concluded",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 2)"
},
{
"id": "16130496",
"text": "elusive \"A\" that had been creatively and relentlessly tormenting the four main characters, Aria Montgomery (Lucy Hale), Spencer Hastings (Troian Bellisario), Hanna Marin (Ashley Benson), and Emily Fields (Shay Mitchell) for the past year. The first half of the season addresses the issue of whether or not Garrett Reynolds (Yani Gellman) actually killed or was involved in the murder of the girls' former friend and queen bee, Alison DiLaurentis (Sasha Pieterse) and who killed Maya St. Germain (Bianca Lawson) in the season two finale, while the second half deals with the reveal that Toby Cavanaugh is a member of the",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "20227954",
"text": "Aria's wedding. A few hours later at Aria's dressing room, Pam walks in with one of Emily and Alison's daughters. Alex takes the baby into her arms and bounces her as she walks to a mirror. She starts chatting to the baby, complementing her looks and stating that she has her \"daddy's eyes\", revealing Wren as Alison's sperm donor and the biological father to her and Emily's children. Back at Alex's lair, Mary suddenly shows up to deliver Spencer's lunch and is met with accusations of having a helping hand in Alex's maneuvers. Mary reminds Spencer that she's a wanted",
"title": "Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "15192627",
"text": "Brant Daugherty Brant David Daugherty (born August 20, 1985) is an American actor, known for his recurring role as Noel Kahn on the teen drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\". In 2013, he had a recurring role as Brian in the long-running NBC daytime drama \"Days of Our Lives\". In 2013, he was a regular of the cast of Lifetime Network's \"Army Wives\" for season 7, which began airing in April 2013, in the role of Patrick Clarke. He had a credited role in Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer's motion picture comedy film \"The Starving Games\" released in fall 2013.",
"title": "Brant Daugherty"
},
{
"id": "20116275",
"text": "keep us distracted.\" \"SpoilerTV\" Gavin Hetherington wrote for the episode an uplifting review, stating that \"[the show is] going to take the final stretch of episodes in a very interesting direction.\" He also glorified the series' writer's work on Spencer's story line as Mary Drake's daughter. Playtime (Pretty Little Liars) \"Playtime\" is the eleventh episode of \"Pretty Little Liars\" seventh season and the 151st episode overall. It first aired on the Freeform network in the United States on April 18, 2017. The installment was directed by Chad Lowe and written by Allyson Nelson and Joseph Dougherty. Upon its original airing",
"title": "Playtime (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "14201339",
"text": "\"Siempre Tú\" (English: \"Always You\") (from \"The Homecoming Hangover\") and Blackburn's \"All Comes Down to You\" (from \"Crash and Burn, Girl!\") and \"Find a Way\" (from \"The Kahn Game\"). The series' soundtrack was released by WaterTower Music on February 15, 2011. \"Pretty Little Liars\" premiered on June 8, 2010 in the United States, becoming ABC Family's highest-rated series debut on record across the network's target demographics. It ranked number one in key 12–34 demos and teens, becoming the number-one scripted show in Women 18–34, and Women 18–49. The premiere was number two in the hour for total viewers, which generated",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars"
},
{
"id": "14655749",
"text": "Ian Harding Ian Harding (born 16 September 1986) is an American actor. He is known for his role as Ezra Fitz in the television series \"Pretty Little Liars\" (2010–2017). Harding was born in Heidelberg, Germany, to an American military family. His family moved to Virginia a few years later, where he joined the drama club at his high school, Georgetown Preparatory School in North Bethesda, Maryland. He was selected by his class to give the commencement address. He later went on to pursue the Acting/Music Theater program at Carnegie Mellon University. Harding has been working with the Lupus Foundation of",
"title": "Ian Harding"
},
{
"id": "14489038",
"text": "The WB in 2005 with a different writer. The first novel was published by HarperTeen in October 2006. In June 2008, Alloy noted that it was developing a \"Pretty Little Liars\" television pilot for ABC Family. The novels are being adapted for television by I. Marlene King. ABC Family began casting for a \"Pretty Little Liars\" television pilot in October 2009. Lucy Hale was cast as Aria Montgomery in the project, followed by Troian Bellisario and Ian Harding (as Spencer Hastings and Ezra Fitz, respectively) in November 2009. In December 2009 The Futon Critic confirmed the casting of Ashley Benson",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "14201334",
"text": "and DeVitto would be Melissa Hastings, also mentioning the casting of Janel Parrish as Mona Vanderwaal. On January 27, 2010, ABC Family picked up the series for 10 episodes, set to premiere in June 2010. In April 2010, the role of Aria's father Byron was recast with Chad Lowe, and Holly Marie Combs was cast as Aria's mother Ella. Jenna Marshall is played by Tammin Sursok. On January 7, 2011, Tilky Jones was cast as Logan Reed. On April 8, 2011, Annabeth Gish was cast for the role of Anne Sullivan, a therapist who tries to find out the main",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars"
},
{
"id": "18651090",
"text": "Pretty Little Liars (season 6) The sixth season of the American mystery drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, was renewed on June 10, 2014 for two additional seasons, making the show ABC Family's longest running original series. The sixth and seventh seasons will consist of 20 episodes each. It aired 10 episodes for the first half the season, which began airing on June 2, 2015. Filming for the sixth season began on March 24, 2015, which was confirmed by showrunner I. Marlene King on Twitter. The season premiere was",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "3510215",
"text": "and the Prisoner of Azkaban\". He did not have to audition as he was director Alfonso Cuarón's first choice for the role. Thewlis reprised the role in four other films in the series. He appeared as an SS Commandant of a Nazi death camp and father of the main character in \"The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas\", which was well received. Other credits include Ridley Scott's \"Kingdom of Heaven\" (2005), Terrence Malick's \"The New World\" (2005), and \"The Omen\" (2006). Thewlis played the late Dr. Michael Aris, husband of Nobel Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma, with Malaysian",
"title": "David Thewlis"
},
{
"id": "9392763",
"text": "Effy's parents, Jim and Anthea Stonem, with Banks' real life partner David Baddiel appearing as Jim's colleague whom Anthea has an affair with. Sally Phillips acts as Pandora's mother, Angela Moon. Simon Day acts as Freddie's father, Leo McClair. Olivia Colman acts as Naomi's mother, Gina Campbell. Juliet Cowan and Douglas Hodge act as JJ's parents, Celia and Edward Jones. Ronni Ancona and John Bishop act as Katie and Emily's parents, Jenna and Rob Fitch. Matt King and Tanya Franks act as Cook's estranged parents, Cook Sr., and Ruth Byatt. Maureen Lipman also stars as Pandora's auntie, Elizabeth, and Dudley",
"title": "Skins (UK TV series)"
},
{
"id": "14891585",
"text": "that Torrey DeVitto and Sasha Pieterse landed recurring roles in the pilot. The Alloy Entertainment website later confirmed that Pieterse would be playing Alison DiLaurentis and DeVitto would be Melissa Hastings, also mentioning the casting of Janel Parrish as Mona Vanderwaal. Initially, Alexis Denisof was cast to be Aria Montgomery's father Byron. In April 2010, the role of Aria's father Byron was recast with Chad Lowe, and Holly Marie Combs was cast as Aria's mother Ella. Jenna Marshall is played by Tammin Sursok. The actors who played Ian Thomas and Toby Cavanaugh in this episode were after replaced by Ryan",
"title": "Pilot (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "17916502",
"text": "episode. It was reported that in the season premiere, a beloved character would be in great danger as of the casting of a paramedic and two surgeons for the first episode. It was reported that Kenneth DiLaurentis would be returning, King said \"Her father comes home and wants to take her with him\". On April 3, 2014, it was reported that Chloe Bridges was cast as Sydney, the newest member on the swim team who would befriend Shay Mitchell's character Emily. She appeared in multiple episodes, the first being the third episode. Tammin Sursok was reported to return to the",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 5)"
},
{
"id": "13395744",
"text": "got back together after Adams' guest appearance on \"Pretty Little Liars\" in 2010. As per August 7, 2018, they are expecting their first child together. On October 8, 2018, Adams announced on Instagram that their daughter was born. Adams endorsed Democratic candidate Bernie Sanders in the run-up for the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Adams was awarded Honorary Life Membership of University College Dublin Law Society in September 2013. Adams plays the guitar and is an avid photographer who owns over 25 cameras. Patrick J. Adams Patrick Johannes Adams (born August 27, 1981) is a Canadian actor and director. He is",
"title": "Patrick J. Adams"
},
{
"id": "16130495",
"text": "Pretty Little Liars (season 3) The third season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 5, 2012 on ABC Family and concluded on March 19, 2013. On November 29, 2011, ABC Family renewed the series for a third season, consisting of 24 episodes. Filming of the season began on April 2, 2012. On October 4, 2012, ABC Family renewed the series for a fourth season, consisting of 24 episodes. This season of Pretty Little Liars takes place five months following the discovery that Mona Vanderwaal (Janel Parrish) was the",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 3)"
},
{
"id": "14735455",
"text": "Keegan Allen Keegan Phillip Allen (born July 22, 1989) is an American actor, photographer, author and musician. Allen is known for his main role as Toby Cavanaugh on the Freeform series \"Pretty Little Liars\". Allen was born and raised in California, the son of actor Phillip R. Allen and expressionist painter Joan Snyder. In 2009, he graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from American Musical and Dramatic Academy. Allen is Jewish. Allen's passion in his younger years tended towards photography, cinematography and other roles behind the camera. However, at age 13, he landed his first paid job for",
"title": "Keegan Allen"
},
{
"id": "17916505",
"text": "viewers. On Rotten Tomatoes the fifth season got a rating of 80% fresh based on 5 reviews. Pretty Little Liars (season 5) The fifth season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars began airing on ABC Family on June 10, 2014. Shooting for the season began on March 24, 2014, and ended on November 20, 2014. The season aired from June 10, 2014 to March 24, 2015. Like the second season, the season consisted of 25 episodes, including a special holiday-themed episode, instead of a Halloween episode which was written by I. Marlene King and her assistant",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 5)"
},
{
"id": "5450936",
"text": "Ashley Benson Ashley Victoria Benson (born December 18, 1989) is an American actress and model, known for her role as Hanna Marin in the teen mystery-drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\" (2010–2017). She starred in the films \"\" (2007), \"Christmas Cupid\" (2010), \"Spring Breakers\" (2013), \"Ratter\" (2015) and \"Chronically Metropolitan\" (2016). Benson was born December 18, 1989, to parents Shannon and Jeff Benson, and raised in Anaheim Hills, Anaheim, California. She has one older sister, Shayleen Benson (b. 1988). Ashley Benson began dancing competitively at age 3, studying ballet, jazz, tap and hip hop. She began singing in choirs and",
"title": "Ashley Benson"
},
{
"id": "16817826",
"text": "He also starred in 2010 as Richard Hightower on the long-running soap opera, \"The Young and the Restless\". Huguley is best known for playing David on AMC's \"The Walking Dead\", and Jimmy Ledoux on HBO's \"True Detective\". Huguley also played Will Branson on Seasons 3 and 4 of the HBO series \"Treme\", and Whit Peyton in the ABC TV series, \"Brothers & Sisters\". Huguley has also played recurring characters in ABC Family's \"Ravenswood\" (spin-off to \"Pretty Little Liars\"), and in the CW's \"Star-Crossed.\" He's also guest-starred in episodes of \"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend\", \"Red Band Society\", \"Nashville\", \"Breaking In\", \"Drop Dead Diva\",",
"title": "Jay Huguley"
},
{
"id": "19269394",
"text": "the premiere \"Tick-Tock, Bitches\" on Twitter. \"Variety\" announced that season premiere would air on June 21, 2016, the latest for a season premiere in the show's history. Additionally, series star Troian Bellisario would make her directorial debut this season. Bellisario is set to direct the fifteenth episode of the season. A promo was released on May 12, 2016. Freeform released a promotional poster for the season, on June 7, 2016. After the season premiere, Freeform released another poster which included Ashley Benson. On August 29, 2016, I. Marlene King with the principal cast of the show announced that \"Pretty Little",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7)"
},
{
"id": "20219848",
"text": "Hastings. Vanessa Ray played Charlotte Drake, former \"A\" and biological daughter of Mary Drake and Ted Wilson. Brendan Robinson and Huw Collins guest starred as Lucas Gottesman and Archer Dunhill, respectively. Jim Titus acted as policeman Barry Maple. Ava Allan portrayed high school student Addison Derringer, and Rosewood High's new queen bee. Tammin Sursok and Nia Peeples portrayed blind woman and former member of the A-Team Jenna Marshall and Emily's mother Pam Fields, respectively. The episode also features the addition of teen actress Sydney Sweeney, who portrayed high school student Willa, a friend of Addison whose personality and characterization are",
"title": "Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "16091679",
"text": "has campaigned to raise money for breast cancer research. Christian has played Mike Montgomery, lead character Aria Montgomery's younger brother, on the Freeform television series \"Pretty Little Liars\", since 2010. Other acting credits include appearances on television series \"True Blood\", \"Grey's Anatomy\" and \"Back to You\" with Laura Marano, and in the 2011 film \"Kill the Irishman\". Christian starred in the 2013 film \"The Starving Games\", a parody of \"The Hunger Games\" films. He appears in seasons 5 and 6 of the MTV series \"Teen Wolf\", playing a recurring character named Theo Raeken, a former human who was turned into",
"title": "Cody Christian"
},
{
"id": "20219847",
"text": "during which the main roaster and King would talk about the show with behind-the-scenes exclusives. \"Till Death Do Us Part\" saw the returns of some recurring characters. Credited in the special guest section, veterans Holly Marie Combs and Chad Lowe portrayed Aria's parents Ella and Byron Montgomery. Mary Page Keller returned for the series finale portraying Ezra's reckless mother Dianne Fitzgerald. Torrey DeVitto played Spencer' half-sister Melissa Hastings. Julian Morris acted as Melissa and Spencer's British ex-boyfriend Wren Kingston. Keegan Allen played Rosewood resident and carpentry professional Toby Cavanaugh. Lesley Fera portrayed Spencer's adopted mother and Melissa's biological mother Veronica",
"title": "Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "13063638",
"text": "Hayley McFarland Hayley McFarland (born March 29, 1991) is an American actress, singer and dancer. She is best known for her portrayal of Emily Lightman on the Fox TV series \"Lie to Me\" and Brooke Putner on the FX TV series \"Sons of Anarchy\". Hayley McFarland grew up in Edmond, Oklahoma. She began acting in musical theater productions at Oklahoma’s Lyric Theater during her summers. While living in Oklahoma she studied at Michelle De Long's ACTS Acting Academy which notes fellow alumni such as Ryan Merriman of \"Pretty Little Liars\" fame. De Long is credited with sending a tape of",
"title": "Hayley McFarland"
},
{
"id": "17916501",
"text": "the attention of the town. Janel Parrish played Mona Vanderwaal, who starts a group against Alison. Tyler Blackburn returned to the series as Caleb Rivers after playing the same character on \"Ravenswood\", while Ian Harding continued his role as Ezra Fitz who is almost killed after being shot in the abdomen by Shana. In addition, Laura Leighton played Ashley Marin, Hanna's mom. On March 12, 2014, it was announced that Tyler Blackburn would be returning as a series regular on the show after leaving halfway through the fourth season for the sister show; \"Ravenswood\", and would return in the 100th",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 5)"
},
{
"id": "16659559",
"text": "Avengers: Age of Ultron Avengers: Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012's \"The Avengers\" and the eleventh film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Bettany, Cobie Smulders, Anthony Mackie, Hayley Atwell, Idris Elba, Stellan Skarsgård,",
"title": "Avengers: Age of Ultron"
},
{
"id": "17916487",
"text": "Pretty Little Liars (season 5) The fifth season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars began airing on ABC Family on June 10, 2014. Shooting for the season began on March 24, 2014, and ended on November 20, 2014. The season aired from June 10, 2014 to March 24, 2015. Like the second season, the season consisted of 25 episodes, including a special holiday-themed episode, instead of a Halloween episode which was written by I. Marlene King and her assistant Kyle Bown and was directed by King. It also contained the 100th episode and the episode was",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 5)"
},
{
"id": "14489040",
"text": "Also in April, Holly Marie Combs was cast as Ella Montgomery. Pretty Little Liars (season 1) The first season of Pretty Little Liars, based on the books of the same name by Sara Shepard, premiered on June 8, 2010 and concluded on March 21, 2011 on ABC Family. The show premiered to 2.47 million viewers and retained a regular audience of 2.5 million viewers during its summer run. The summer finale scored 3.07 million viewers, achieving a series high. The show went on hiatus and returned with its winter premiere on January 3, 2011, with 4.20 million viewers, becoming one",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 1)"
},
{
"id": "4651858",
"text": "Ohio\". Lowe has directed episodes of \"Bones\", \"Brothers and Sisters\", \"\", \"Hack\", \"Without a Trace\", and \"Pretty Little Liars\". In April 2010, Lowe replaced Alexis Denisof as Aria's father, Byron Montgomery, in \"Pretty Little Liars\". While filming \"Quiet Days in Hollywood\", Lowe met actress Hilary Swank. They married on September 28, 1997. On January 9, 2006, Lowe and Swank announced their separation, and in May 2006, they announced their intention to divorce. The divorce was finalized on November 1, 2007. Swank infamously forgot to thank Lowe during her acceptance speech after winning her first Academy Award in 2000 (for \"Boys",
"title": "Chad Lowe"
},
{
"id": "14075420",
"text": "Troian Bellisario Troian Avery Bellisario (; born October 28, 1985) is an American actress. She is known for playing the role of Spencer Hastings in Freeform's \"Pretty Little Liars\". Born in Los Angeles, California, she is the daughter of producers Donald P. Bellisario and Deborah Pratt. Bellisario made her acting debut in her father's 1988 film \"Last Rites\" at the age of three. She continued to have roles produced by her father, mainly in television shows such as \"Quantum Leap\", \"First Monday\", and \"NCIS\", and in 1998, she acted in the direct-to-video comedy film \"Billboard Dad\". In 2010, she received",
"title": "Troian Bellisario"
},
{
"id": "20360290",
"text": "Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists is an upcoming American teen drama television series developed by I. Marlene King. The series is a sequel to \"Pretty Little Liars\" and based on the novel \"The Perfectionists\" by Sara Shepard. Freeform ordered the series to pilot on September 25, 2017, as the second spin-off series of \"Pretty Little Liars\" which will include some of the main characters. Freeform picked up the series for a 10-episode first season on May 14, 2018. Freeform ordered the show to pilot on September 25, 2017, as a sequel to \"Pretty Little Liars\"",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists"
},
{
"id": "16091678",
"text": "Cody Christian Cody Allen Christian (born April 15, 1995) is an American actor. He is known for his recurring role as Mike Montgomery in the Freeform series \"Pretty Little Liars\", and for his role as Theo Raeken from the fifth and sixth seasons of the MTV series \"Teen Wolf\". He was recently cast as Asher, a high school football player, in the CW Network's new fall series \"All-American\". Christian is the son of a Native American mother, who is of the Penobscot nation and grew up on a reservation in Maine. Christian's mother is a breast cancer survivor, and he",
"title": "Cody Christian"
},
{
"id": "7311610",
"text": "TV show \"90210\". In 2017, Gellman appeared in the underwater survival thriller film \"47 Meters Down\" which was released in theaters on 16 June 2017. Yani Gellman Yani Gellman (born September 2, 1985) is an American film and television actor, known for playing Paolo Valisari in \"The Lizzie McGuire Movie\", Garrett Reynolds in \"Pretty Little Liars\" and Diego Flores in \"90210.\" Gellman was born in Miami, Florida, to a Canadian father and an Australian mother. He is of Jewish heritage. He was named after a family friend, writer Jan Joors. His father was a reporter, and the family frequently moved",
"title": "Yani Gellman"
},
{
"id": "19269384",
"text": "Marlene King. The season premiere was written by I. Marlene King and directed by Ron Lagomarsino. King revealed the title of the premiere on Twitter on March 17, 2016. On August 29, 2016, it was confirmed that this would be the final season of the series. A.D. gives the Liars 24 hours to find Charlotte's real killer or Hanna dies. While discussing possible suspects, the girls' suspicion fell on Alison. Aria suspects the red jacket blonde she saw entering the church was Alison. Emily finds the jacket in Alison's things and Caleb gives it to A.D. Meanwhile, Hanna manages to",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7)"
},
{
"id": "19813481",
"text": "The Darkest Knight (Pretty Little Liars) \"The Darkest Knight\" is tenth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery–thriller television series \"Pretty Little Liars\". The installment was directed by Arlene Sanford and written by showrunner I. Marlene King and executive producer Maya Goldsmith. It premiered on August 30, 2016, on the cable network Freeform. Spencer calls 911 to report Hanna's abduction. At the same time, Hanna uses a knife to get some of Noel's blood to send to a DNA lab. Aria, Alison, Emily, Mona, Caleb and Spencer team up with the Rosewood P.D. to find Hanna. Detective Furey",
"title": "The Darkest Knight (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "20360292",
"text": "role on \"The Walking Dead\" will be playing Caitlin Martell-Lewis, the newcomer Eli Brown will be playing Dylan, Noah Gray-Cabey of \"Heroes\" fame will be playing Mason, Klea Scott will be playing Dana Booker, and Hayley Erin will be playing a \"mysterious, unnamed role\". On January 23, 2018, it was announced that the series would be filmed in Portland, Oregon. King confirmed on Twitter filming will start in March 2018. Production started on February 27, 2018, with a table read for the pilot. Filming for the pilot started on March 12, 2018, and wrapped in the last week of the",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists"
},
{
"id": "18768927",
"text": "supporting cast. A few days later, it was reported that Iain Armitage had joined the cast in the role of Woodley's character's son. Soon after that, it was reported that Merrin Dungey, Larry Sullivan, and David Monahan had also joined the cast. On January 24, 2018, it was announced that Meryl Streep had joined the main cast in the role of Mary Louise Wright, the mother of Perry (played by Alexander Skarsgard in Season 1). In February 2018, it was confirmed that Shailene Woodley, Laura Dern, Zoë Kravitz, Adam Scott, James Tupper, Jeffrey Nordling and Iain Armitage were returning for",
"title": "Big Little Lies (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "2902141",
"text": "Ryan Merriman Ryan Earl Merriman (born April 10, 1983) is an American actor. He began his career at the age of ten and has appeared in several feature films and television shows. He is best known for a handful of Disney Channel original movies and for portraying Jake Pierce in \"The Ring Two\", Kevin Fischer in \"Final Destination 3\" and Ian Thomas in \"Pretty Little Liars\". Merriman was born in Choctaw, Oklahoma, the son of Earl and Nonalyn Merriman. He has a sister named Monica. At a young age, he began acting in commercials, print work, vocal performances, and local",
"title": "Ryan Merriman"
},
{
"id": "12521231",
"text": "Sara Shepard Sara Shepard (born April 8, 1977) is an American author. She is known for the bestselling \"Pretty Little Liars\" and \"The Lying Game\" book series, both of which have been turned into television shows on Freeform. Shepard's father, Larry, was American, and her mother, Mindy, was born in Toronto. Shepard grew up with a sister named Alison. She graduated from Downingtown High School in Downingtown, Pennsylvania in 1995. She attended New York University, where she graduated with a B.S. degree in 1999 and an MFA in Creative Writing from Brooklyn College in 2004. From 2000 to 2005, Shepard",
"title": "Sara Shepard"
},
{
"id": "14201335",
"text": "characters' secrets. On May 23, 2011, Andrea Parker signed up to appear as Jessica DiLaurentis, Alison's mother. On June 29, 2011, it was announced that Natalie Hall would be replacing Natalie Floyd as Hanna's soon-to-be stepsister, Kate. On January 30, 2012, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" reported that Tyler Blackburn had been promoted to series regular for the third season. In March 2012, Janel Parrish was also promoted from recurring to series regular for the third season. On March 16, 2016, \"TVLine\" reported that Andrea Parker was added as a series regular for the seventh season. \"Pretty Little Liars\" was called one",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars"
},
{
"id": "20185235",
"text": "of nonsensical plot twists.\" Lauren Busser of \"Tell-Tale TV\" gave the episode 4.7 out of 5 stars. The episode received a 4 out of 5 stars rating from Jessica Goldstein of \"Vulture\". Driving Miss Crazy \"Driving Miss Crazy\" is the seventeenth episode of the seventh season of \"Pretty Little Liars\", and the show's 157th episode overall, which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 6, 2017. It was co-written by executive producer Oliver Goldstick and Francesca Rollins, and directed by Goldstick. They had previously worked on the ninth episode of the sixth season. In this episode,",
"title": "Driving Miss Crazy"
},
{
"id": "17937517",
"text": "deals with setbacks in her personal life. The episode drew 3.64 million viewers, garnering a 1.3 rating in the 18–49 demographic. It ranks as the season’s second-highest-rated episode. The episode has also garnered positive reviews from critics, many who offered praise to Brendan Robinson's character, Lucas Gottesman. Spencer (Troian Bellisario), Hanna (Ashley Benson), Aria (Lucy Hale), and Emily (Shay Mitchell) watch Ian’s (Ryan Merriman) videos on the flash drive they recovered from the storage unit, which feature them, Alison (Sasha Pieterse), Jenna (Tammin Sursok) and Toby (Keegan Allen) being unknowingly filmed. The girls confront Jenna about the video of her",
"title": "For Whom the Bell Tolls (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "11222083",
"text": "The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (film) The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas is a 1982 American musical comedy film co-written, produced and directed by Colin Higgins (in his final film as director). It is an adaptation of the 1978 Broadway musical of the same name, and stars Dolly Parton, Burt Reynolds, Jim Nabors, Charles Durning, Dom DeLuise, Noah Beery Jr., Robert Mandan, Lois Nettleton, Theresa Merritt, Barry Corbin, Mary Jo Catlett and Mary Louise Wilson. Durning was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the Texas governor. Golden Globe Award nominations went to",
"title": "The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas (film)"
},
{
"id": "20185223",
"text": "Driving Miss Crazy \"Driving Miss Crazy\" is the seventeenth episode of the seventh season of \"Pretty Little Liars\", and the show's 157th episode overall, which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on June 6, 2017. It was co-written by executive producer Oliver Goldstick and Francesca Rollins, and directed by Goldstick. They had previously worked on the ninth episode of the sixth season. In this episode, Mona (Janel Parrish) teams up with the Liars to investigate on Alison's pregnancy and on the Liars' Lament board game. Ezra (Ian Harding) and Aria (Lucy Hale) discuss their marriage, while Caleb",
"title": "Driving Miss Crazy"
},
{
"id": "10265200",
"text": "Donna LaDonna in The CW's \"Sex and the City\" prequel, titled \"The Carrie Diaries\", which aired from 2013 to 2014 over two seasons. In April 2014, she landed a recurring role in the fifth season of the ABC Family teen drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\" as Sydney Driscoll, the newest member of the swim team, who befriends Emily (Shay Mitchell). Bridges portrayed the supporting role of Paula in the horror comedy film \"The Final Girls\" (2015), and starred as Nia in the supernatural thriller film \"Nightlight\" (2015). The film, directed by Scott Beck and Bryan Woods, was released on March",
"title": "Chloe Bridges"
},
{
"id": "19269399",
"text": "air, that \"Pretty Little Liars\" will end after the seventh season. Production began on February 1, 2016, when King announced on Twitter that the writers were in full swing brainstorming and mapping the seventh season. Production and filming began in the end of March 2016 and officially wrapped up in October 2016. The seventh season has nine roles receiving star billing, with eight of them returning from the previous season, six of which was part of the original cast from the first season. The season saw the four protagonists of the series continue the roles as they try to take",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7)"
},
{
"id": "15241727",
"text": "Michael Bean Michael Bean is a Canadian actor, author, acting coach, and the founder of Biz Studio. He is known for his work on the films \"Case 39\" (2009), \"The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus\" (2009), \"The Day the Earth Stood Still\" and \"Jennifer's Body\" (2009), and for guest spots on the television series \"Arrow\", \"Pretty Little Liars\", \"Supernatural\" and \"Smallville\". Bean has been acting since elementary school, as a fine arts school was built two blocks from his house when he was in the fourth grade. He graduated from the Langley Fine Arts School in 1995. Bean is an actor,",
"title": "Michael Bean"
},
{
"id": "15844715",
"text": "Emily Fields Emily Catherine Fields is a fictional character created in 2006 by author Sara Shepard. She is a character of both \"Pretty Little Liars\" books and television series, and initially appears as a \"jock girl\" and one of the main protagonists of the stories. She is part of the group known as the Liars; and is best friend to the four other members, whose are also protagonists. Emily is known for her description and shyness, as well as for being member of a conservative family, the Fields. Emily's characteristics and stories have the same methodology in both books and",
"title": "Emily Fields"
},
{
"id": "15192630",
"text": "a trip to Amsterdam. Brant Daugherty Brant David Daugherty (born August 20, 1985) is an American actor, known for his recurring role as Noel Kahn on the teen drama television series \"Pretty Little Liars\". In 2013, he had a recurring role as Brian in the long-running NBC daytime drama \"Days of Our Lives\". In 2013, he was a regular of the cast of Lifetime Network's \"Army Wives\" for season 7, which began airing in April 2013, in the role of Patrick Clarke. He had a credited role in Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer's motion picture comedy film \"The Starving Games\"",
"title": "Brant Daugherty"
},
{
"id": "19269400",
"text": "down the new 'A'. Troian Bellisario played Spencer Hastings, who has relationship problems with Caleb, while Ashley Benson played Hanna Marin, who was kidnapped at the end of last season. Lucy Hale continued her role as Aria Montgomery as she is set in a love triangle with Ezra and her boyfriend Liam. Shay Mitchell portrayed Emily Fields who begins to rekindle her relationship with Alison. Sasha Pieterse continued to portray Alison DiLaurentis as Alison struggles with being in a psych-ward. Janel Parrish returned as Mona Vanderwaal who seems to be finally on their side. Tyler Blackburn continues to play Caleb",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 7)"
},
{
"id": "3135280",
"text": "Liar Liar Liar Liar is a 1997 American fantasy comedy film directed by Tom Shadyac, written by Paul Guay and Stephen Mazur and starring Jim Carrey, who was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in Comedy. The film is the second of three collaborations between Carrey and Shadyac, the first being \"\" and the third being \"Bruce Almighty\". It is also the second of three collaborations between Guay and Mazur, the others being \"The Little Rascals\" and \"Heartbreakers\". It has been unofficially remade in Bollywood as \"Kyo Kii... Main Jhuth Nahin Bolta\". In Los Angeles, career-focused lawyer",
"title": "Liar Liar"
},
{
"id": "14201349",
"text": "The Perfectionists\" is an upcoming teen drama mystery series, based on the novel \"The Perfectionists\" by Sara Shepard. Set in another fictional town of Beacon Heights, Washington, where everything seems perfect, from their top-tier college to their overachieving residents and the stress of needing to be perfect leads to the town’s first murder. Sasha Pieterse and Janel Parrish will return to their roles as Allison DeLaurentis and Mona Vanderwaal. The series will also star Sofia Carson, Sydney Park, Eli Brown, Kelly Rutherford and Hayley Erin. \"Pretty Dirty Secrets\" is a web series, which taking place between the events of two",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars"
},
{
"id": "15387198",
"text": "Tyler Blackburn Tyler Blackburn (born October 12, 1986) is an American actor, singer and model. He is best known for playing Caleb Rivers on the hit Freeform series \"Pretty Little Liars\" and its spin-off, \"Ravenswood\". Blackburn was born in Burbank, California. He has three brothers and a sister. He is of English, Welsh, Czech, Swedish, and Native American (Cherokee) descent. Blackburn has a 4 inch long scar on his left shoulder. This was caused due to the removal of a benign bone tumor at the age of 10. Blackburn began performing in 2004 and appeared on the series \"Unfabulous\" on",
"title": "Tyler Blackburn"
},
{
"id": "18673287",
"text": "over 4 million people when it premiered in May 2014 on Lifetime in the USA, Canada, the UK, and Southeast Asia. \"Sister Cities\" tells the story of four estranged sisters who return home to mourn following their mother's alleged suicide and find a mystery waiting for them. When the sisters discover that mom's body is still in the tub, they confront Austin, the one daughter who has stayed behind. As suspicions grow, hard truths are revealed and their relationships with each other are thrown into turmoil. The cast includes two-time Academy Award nominee Jacki Weaver, \"Pretty Little Liar\"'s Troian Bellisario,",
"title": "Sean Hanish"
},
{
"id": "17916500",
"text": "of the series continue the roles. Troian Bellisario played Spencer Hastings, who struggles with family drama. Ashley Benson continued her role as Hanna Marin, whom finds herself in an identity crisis as a result of Alison's return. Lucy Hale played Aria Montgomery who volunteers to work at Radley Sanitarium in addition to build up her relationship with Ezra. Shay Mitchell portrayed Emily Fields who is affected the most of Alison's return, which makes her confront her feelings towards Ali. Sasha Pieterse returned as Alison DiLaurentis, who moves back home after being presumably dead the last two years, which makes her",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 5)"
},
{
"id": "18768928",
"text": "the second season. On March 27, 2018, it was announced that Douglas Smith had joined the cast in a recurring role. On April 3, 2018, it was confirmed that Kathryn Newton, Robin Weigert, Merrin Dungey, and Sarah Sokolovic were returning for the second season. Newton and Sokolovic have been upped from recurring roles to series regulars. Additionally, it was announced that Crystal Fox had joined the cast in a main role and that Mo McRae would appear in a recurring capacity. On April 10, 2018, it was announced that Martin Donovan had been cast in a recurring role. In May",
"title": "Big Little Lies (TV series)"
},
{
"id": "20219849",
"text": "similar to those of Spencer. Non-credited appearances include Celesse Rivera as Hadley St. Germain, Maya St. Germain's niece; Raquel McPeek as Claire, one of Addison's friends; and Dalton Cyr as Luke, a student. Showrunner I. Marlene King, her wife Shari Rosenthal, and their sons Atticus and Emerson had cameos in the episode. Jessica Goldstein of \"Vulture\" gave the episode a 3 out of 5 stars rating, writing a mixed review for it. Gavin Hetherington highlighted some lines of the episode, praising Mona's triumph over \"A.D.\", commenting: \"Mona hasn't really changed in her obsession with playing with dolls (and people), and",
"title": "Till Death Do Us Part (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "18905220",
"text": "Game On, Charles \"Game On, Charles\" is the first episode of the sixth season of the American mystery drama series \"Pretty Little Liars\", and is the 121st episode overall. It originally aired on June 2, 2015, ABC Family and serves as the season premiere of the sixth season. The episode was directed by Chad Lowe and was written by showrunner I. Marlene King and Lijah J. Barasz. In the episode, Aria, Emily, Hanna, Spencer and Mona are let back into the dollhouse, and are trapped by 'A' for over three weeks and are subjected to unseen consequences trapped. After being",
"title": "Game On, Charles"
},
{
"id": "18651092",
"text": "ABC Family promoted the sixth season by creating an online contest in which fans of the show could be a part of the marketing campaign to promote the show by sending in their art for consideration. The promotional poster was released on May 21, 2015 which was included in the June/July cover of \"Seventeen\". For the second part of the season, ABC Family released a promotional poster on December 15, 2015, with the new-launched name for the network, \"Freeform\". After trying to escape the dollhouse in the season five finale, Charles punishes Emily, Hanna, Spencer, Aria, and Mona, subjecting them",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (season 6)"
},
{
"id": "20185245",
"text": "The Glove That Rocks the Cradle \"The Glove That Rocks the Cradle\" is the sixteenth episode of the seventh season of \"Pretty Little Liars\", and the show's 156th episode overall, which premiered on the Freeform network in the United States on May 30, 2017. The installment was directed by Paula Hunziker and written by executive producer Maya Goldsmith. Spencer (Troian Bellisario) steals a hard drive on Lucas (Brendan Robinson) from Marco's (Nicholas Gonzalez) apartment about Lucas' alibi confession to the police the night Archer was killed. \"A.D.\" sends Aria (Lucy Hale) to destroy Alison (Sasha Pieterse) and Emily's (Shay Mitchell)",
"title": "The Glove That Rocks the Cradle"
},
{
"id": "9111998",
"text": "production and actor) winning in the last category. The play was published by Oberon books. His godson is Pretty Little Liars actor Julian Morris Paul Herzberg Paul Herzberg (born 1953) is a South African actor and writer, known for \"My Week with Marilyn\" (2011), \"Room 36\" (2005) and \"Blood\" (2000). He has been married to Oona Kirsch since 1988. They have two children. Born in Cape Town, he studied acting at the University of Cape Town and scriptwriting at the University of Pretoria. He moved to the UK in 1976, after having served as a conscripted soldier on the Namibian",
"title": "Paul Herzberg"
},
{
"id": "20163760",
"text": "was revealed by showrunner I. Marlene King via Twitter on August 3, 2016. Table-read for the episode occurred on August 3, 2016, while filming took place between August 5 and August 15, 2016. \"Power Play\" premiered to an audience of 0.91 million Americans, acquiring a 0.5 rating/share in the 18–49 demographic, according to Nielsen Media Research. \"Power Play\" was met with glorification from fans and with mixed opinions from television criticism. Writing for \"SpoilerTV\", Gavin Hetherington acclaimed the episode, saying, \"The many developments in this episode alone has catapulted the show into its final stretch - Aria potentially joining A.D.,",
"title": "Power Play (Pretty Little Liars)"
},
{
"id": "5724886",
"text": "stage role was in 2009 in the West End production of \"The Shawshank Redemption\". A first collaboration with David Leland for the film \"Made in Britain\" (directed by Alan Clarke and starring Tim Roth) in 1981 has led to his notable role as Hubert Mansell, the father of Emily Lloyd in \"Wish You Were Here\" in 1987. His other film successes included \"White Hunter, Black Heart\" (with Clint Eastwood), \"Henry V\" (with Kenneth Branagh), \"Topsy-Turvy\" (with Jim Broadbent), \"Clockwise\" (with John Cleese), \"The Thief Lord\" (as Conte) and \"The Affair of the Necklace\" (with Hilary Swank). On television, his most",
"title": "Geoffrey Hutchings"
},
{
"id": "15573220",
"text": "She meets and ends up making out with a guy in a local bar who is revealed later to be her English teacher, Ezra Fitz, but her brother tries to set her up with Noel Khan, another popular guy who is also her brother's best friend. Emily befriends the new girl in town, Maya St. Germain, and soon develops romantic feelings for her, and tries to hide these feelings from her family and her boyfriend. Hanna lost the weight and is the new popular girl in town alongside the former nerd, Mona Vanderwaal. She and Mona sometimes shoplift designer clothing,",
"title": "Pretty Little Liars (novel)"
},
{
"id": "16151402",
"text": "Skylar Astin, Rebel Wilson, Anna Camp, Brittany Snow, Ben Platt, Adam DeVine, Ester Dean, Alexis Knapp, Kelley Jakle, Shelley Regner, Wanetah Walmsley, Elizabeth Banks and John Higgins would all reprise their roles in the sequel. Additionally, Hailee Steinfeld and Chrissie Fit would join the cast as Emily and Flo who are the new Barden Bellas while Katey Sagal would join as Emily's mother and German YouTube star Flula Borg would appear as Pieter Kramer. It was announced in January 2014 that the sequel would be released on May 15, 2015. On June 10, 2015, plans for a third film were",
"title": "Pitch Perfect"
}
] | who plays emily's dad in pretty little liars |
