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HR , MAP , TV , PetCO ( 2 ) , pH and PaCO ( 2 ) in two groups at the time point of 15 minutes after turning to the lateral position , 15 minutes and 60 minutes after OLV , and 15 minutes after the resumption of two lung ventilation showed no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ) .

At the point of 15 minutes after turning to the lateral position and 15 minutes after two lung ventilation , Ppeak and Cdyn of two groups were significantly different ( P < 0.05 ) ( Ppeak :16 3 cmH ( 2 ) O , 16 3 cmH ( 2 ) O for VCV group and 14 2 cmH ( 2 ) O , 14 2 cmH ( 2 ) O for PCV-VG group ; Cdyn : 43.5 5.9 ml/cmH ( 2 ) O , 43.8 6.7 ml/cmH2O for VCV group and 49.7 7.1 ml/cmH ( 2 ) O , 53.3 9.6 ml/cmH ( 2 ) O for PCV-VG group ) .

Compared with VCV group , PCV-VG group showed a lower Ppeak 15 minutes and 60 minutes after OLV [ ( 17 2 cmH ( 2 ) O ) vs ( 22 4 cmH ( 2 ) O ) and ( 18 4 cmH ( 2 ) O ) vs ( 23 3 cmH ( 2 ) O ) with a higher Cdyn at the same point ( 38.6 6.3 ml/cmH ( 2 ) O ) vs ( 29.6 3.2 ml/cmH ( 2 ) O ) and 37.3 6.0 ml/cmH ( 2 ) O ) vs ( 30.3 3.8 ml/cmH ( 2 ) O ) ] ( P < 0.01 ) .

Compared with VCV group,IL-6 and TNF - of PCV-VG group 1 hour after OLV and 1 hour after the end of surgery were significantly lower ( P < 0.01 ) ( IL-6 : 52.32 3.59 vs 62.65 4.17 pg/ml and 63.57 4.98 vs 82.38 4.10 pg/ml ; TNF - : 3.23 0.27 vs 4.19 0.38 pg/ml and 4.01 0.28 vs. 5.49 0.31 pg/ml ) .

During one-lung ventilation in thoracoscopic lobectomy , PCV-VG mode has a competitive advantage over VCV mode in terms of pulmonary function and lung protection .

We compared the recovery profile of propofol and sevoflurane when used for maintenance of anesthesia in elective day care operative procedures .

One hundred ASA physical status I and II patients , aged between 18 and 50 years , were randomly assigned to receive either propofol-nitrous oxide or sevoflurane-nitrous oxide maintenance of anesthesia .

Early and intermediate recovery in terms of cognitive and ambulatory functions was recorded .

Psychomotor testing , in the form of Trieger dot test and digit symbol substitution test , were performed before surgery and in the post-anesthesia care unit at 15 min , 30 min , 1 h , 2 h , and 4 h following nitrous oxide switch-off to evaluate intermediate recovery .

There were no significant differences in recovery of early cognitive functions between the two groups , except that patients in the sevoflurane group were more responsive at around 10 min following nitrous oxide switch-off and `` recalled address '' earlier than patients in the propofol group .

There was no significant difference in between the two groups with regard to `` home-readiness . ''

Recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia , especially with regard to cognitive functions , may be slightly faster than from propofol , but the difference is not sufficiently significant to affect the time to `` home-readiness '' in patients undergoing day care surgery .

Vertigo imposes considerable health restrictions with significant impact on the patient 's quality of life .

The most effective antivertigo agent is undetermined thus far .

This study was performed to assess whether promethazine has superior vertigo reduction compared with lorazepam in ED patients .

In this randomized , double-blind , parallel group trial 184 patients were assigned ( 1:1 ratio ) to receive either promethazine , 25 mg intravenously , or lorazepam , 2 mg intravenously .

Primary endpoint was mean change in vertigo intensity at 2 hours measured using visual analog scale ( VAS ) .

Secondary endpoints were mean change in nausea score , need for second dose of study medications , and adverse events ( AEs ) .

Promethazine was associated with significantly more reduction ( 46.5 mm ) in vertigo than lorazepam ( 25.7 mm , p < 0.001 ) .

Mean change in nausea score 2 hours after drug injection on the VAS was 28.7 mm for promethazine and 22.8 for lorazepam ( p = 0.002 ) .

The most frequently reported AEs were lethargy ( 14.1 % in lorazepam group , 4.3 % in promethazine group , p = 0.013 ) and drowsiness ( 10.8 % for promethazine , 2.1 % for lorazepam , p = 0.017 ) .

Our study demonstrated the evidence that promethazine is superior to lorazepam in management of peripheral vertigo and vertigo-related nausea in ED adults .

During lower limb lengthening , distraction-induced muscle pain and surrounding joint contractures are frustrating complications for which few effective treatments are available .

We evaluated Botulinum Toxin Type A ( BtX-A ) injection in the calf muscles during human tibial distraction osteogenesis .

We hypothesized that it may decrease calf pain and increase ROM of the surrounding joints by reducing muscle stiffness .

Between April 2010 and January 2011 , we evaluated 36 patients undergoing bilateral tibia lengthening who met prespecified inclusion criteria .

All patients underwent stature lengthening with lengthening over a nail or lengthening and then nailing .

BtX-A ( 200IU ) was injected at the calf muscle only in one leg for each patient and the same amount of sterile normal saline was injected into the other leg as a control .

Selection of the leg receiving the toxin was randomized .

Clinical evaluation included a VAS score for calf pain and measurement of ROM of the knees and ankles and calf circumference , with evaluations performed in a double-blinded manner .

Side-to-side differences were analyzed until the end of consolidation phase .

Minimum followup was 24months ( mean , 30months ; range , 24-39months ) .

The distraction rate and the final length gain were similar in the treated and control limbs .

A priori power analysis suggested that 34 legs were required to achieve statistical significance of 0.05 with 80 % of power to detect a 50 % difference in treatment effect between treatment and control groups .

There were no differences in calf pain , knee and ankle ROM , and maximal calf circumferences between the two legs at each time point .

Local injection of 200IU BtX-A at the human calf muscle does not appear to reduce calf pain or help enhance ROM of the knee and ankle during tibial lengthening .

However , the small sample size provided sufficient power to detect only relatively large clinical effects ; future , larger trials will be needed to determine whether smaller differences are present .

Level II , therapeutic study .

See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence .

To assess potential of preoperative therapy with local steroid and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs ( SAIDs and NSAIDs ) for prolonging the hypotensive effect of trabeculectomy .

A total of 80 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma planed for trabeculectomy were randomized into 4 groups of 20 each : 3 groups that differed in the studied drug ( nepafenac , dexamethasone , or their non-fixed combination ) and a control group with no preoperative therapy .

The patients instilled 1 drop of either drug b.i.d. for 2 weeks before the surgery and were examined each day of the first week and then at weeks 1 , 2 , 4 and months 3 , 6 , and 12 .

The rate of postoperative surgical and medical interventions ( needling , needling revision , hypotensive therapy ) was used for outcome evaluation .

Postoperative needling was required in 50 % of the controls , 35 % of the NSAIDs and 30 % of the SAIDs patients as well as 20 % the combination-therapy patients .

Needling revision had to be performed in 10 % of patients from the control group and 5 % of patients from the NSAIDs group .

Patients from the steroid and combination-therapy groups had no need in needling procedure .

Further hypotensive therapy was required in 50 % of the control group , 35 % of the NSAIDs group , 25 % of the SAIDs group and 20 % of the combination-therapy group .

During the first postoperative year complete success of the treatment was achieved in 50 % of the controls , 65 % of the NSAIDs patients , 75 % of the SAIDs patients , and 80 % of those under combination therapy .

Qualified success during the same period was achieved in 100 % of cases .

Preoperative local anti-inflammatory therapy helped to increase the one-year complete success rate after trabeculectomy as compared with the controls .

The most significant hypotensive effect was noted in the combination-therapy group ( 80 % ) , less significant -- in the steroid and non-steroid monotherapy groups ( 75 % and 65 % correspondingly ) .

A negative correlation was noted between the use of nepafenac and dexamethasone and other measures aimed at increasing the hypotensive effect of glaucoma surgery .

Case-control study ; ecological study .

To examine the efficacy of wearing compression stockings to prevent muscle damage and to maintain running performance during a marathon competition .

Exercise-induced muscle damage has been identified as one of the main causes of the progressive decrease in running and muscular performance found during marathon races .

Thirty-four experienced runners were pair-matched for age , anthropometric data , and best race time in the marathon , and randomly assigned to a control group ( n = 17 ) of runners who wore conventional socks or to a group of runners who wore foot-to-knee graduated compression stockings ( n = 17 ) .

Before and after the race , a sample of venous blood was obtained , and jump height and leg muscle power were measured during a countermovement jump .

Serum myoglobin and creatine kinase concentrations were determined as blood markers of muscle fiber damage .

Total race time was not different between the control group and the compression stockings group ( 210 23 and 214 22 minutes , respectively ; P = .58 ) .

Between the control group and the compression stockings group , postrace reductions in leg muscle power ( -19.8 % 17.7 % versus -24.8 % 18.4 % , respectively ; P = .37 ) and jump height ( -25.3 % 14.1 % versus -32.5 % .

20.4 % , respectively ; P = .27 ) were similar .

At the end of the race , there were no differences between the control group and the compression stockings group in serum myoglobin ( 568 347 ngmL ( -1 ) versus 573 270 ngmL ( -1 ) , respectively ; P = .97 ) and creatine kinase concentration ( 390 166 UL ( -1 ) versus 487 227 UL ( -1 ) , respectively ; P = .16 ) .

The use of compression stockings did not improve running pace and did not prevent exercise-induced muscle damage during the marathon .

Wearing compression stockings during long-distance running events is an ineffective strategy to avoid the deleterious effects of muscle damage on running performance .

Therapy , level 2b .

The relationships of left ventricular ( LV ) longitudinal and circumferential systolic dysfunction with diastolic performance in hypertensive patients have never been compared .

In 532 asymptomatic hypertensive patients , circumferential function was assessed with the use of midwall fractional shortening ( mFS ) and stress-corrected mFS ( SCmFS ) , whereas longitudinal function was assessed with the use of left atrioventricular plane displacement ( AVPD ) and systolic mitral annulus velocity ( s ' ) .

Early diastolic annular velocity ( e ' ) and the E/e ' ratio were measured .

Global longitudinal and circumferential strain were determined in a subset of 210 patients .

e ' was linearly related to all systolic indexes ( AVPD : R = 0.40 ; s ' : R = 0.39 ; mFS : R = 0.16 ; SCmFS : R = 0.17 ; all P < .0001 ) , but the correlations were stronger with longitudinal indexes than with circumferential ones ( P < .0001 ) .

E/e ' was nonlinearly related to AVPD ( R = -0.49 ; P < .0001 ) and s ' ( R = -0.34 ; P < .0001 ) and showed no relationship with mFS and SCmFS .

Longitudinal indexes were superior to circumferential ones in predicting e ' < 8 cm/s , E/e ' < 8 , and E/e ' 13 .

The effect of LV geometry on LV diastolic function was evident among patients with preserved systolic longitudinal function , but was blunted among patients with impaired longitudinal function .

In multivariable analyses , only longitudinal indexes remained associated with e ' and E/e ' .

Analyses using strains provided similar results .

In asymptomatic hypertensive subjects , LV diastolic performance is independently associated with longitudinal systolic dysfunction , but not with circumferential systolic dysfunction .

Subtle longitudinal systolic impairment plays a role in mediating the effect of LV geometry on diastolic performance .

These findings may support the need of critically revising the concept of isolated diastolic dysfunction in these patients .

Multiple Sclerosis ( MS ) is a chronic and disabling disease resulting in disabilities in young and middle-aged persons .

In this study , researchers explored the effect of yoga techniques on physical activities and sexual function among some Iranian women with MS.

In this study , 60 Iranian women with multiple sclerosis ( MS ) were placed in two equally divided control and case groups through random selection to assess pre-and post-effects of yoga exercises on their physical activities and sexual satisfaction levels .

Women in case group were offered a series of yoga training and exercises for 3 months , which consisted of 8 sessions per month for 60 to 90 minutes at each session .

Yoga training program included the 3 principles of slow motions ( Hatayoga ) , respiratory exercises ( Pranayama ) and centralization to control mind via meditation , expansion and stasis ( Rajayoga ) .

After 3 months both groups were surveyed using the initial questionnaire to evaluate and compare findings with the base-line data .

Researchers found significant statistical difference in physical activity and sexual satisfaction levels among the women in case group ( P = 0.001 ) .

Women in case group showed improvement in physical ability while women in control group manifested exacerbated symptoms .

Yoga techniques may improve physical activities and sexual satisfaction function of women with MS.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of antiplatelet therapy of ticagrelor on patients suffering from acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention .

In the study , 96 patients suffering from acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction onset within 12 h undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention from May to October in 2013 were randomly divided into ticagrelor group ( n = 48 ) and clopidogrel group ( n = 48 ) by using the method of random number table .

Ticagrelor and clopidogrel antiplatelet treatment were used before and after operation .

Their baseline data , coronary artery disease characteristics , platelet count , adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) - induced platelet inhibition rate by thrombelastograph after 5 days of treatment , the major adverse cardiovascular events of the follow up for 6 months and bleeding complications were observed and compared in the two groups .

The differences between the two groups of patients with their baseline data , the features of coronary artery lesions , platelet count before and after 5 days of treatment had no statistical significance ( P > 0.05 ) .

ADP induced platelet inhibition rate [ ( 80.210.7 ) % ] after 5 days of treatment in ticagrelor group was significantly higher than that in clopidogrel group [ ( 75.312.1 ) % , P < 0.05 ] .

The two groups of patients were followed up for 6 months , 8 cases of major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in clopidogrel group , 2 cases of major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in ticagrelor group , and there was significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05 ) .

The two groups ( 7 cases of 48 patients in ticagrelor group vs. 3 cases of 48 patients in clopidogrel group ) had no statistically significant difference in bleeding complications ( P > 0.05 ) .

Antiplatelet therapy of ticagrelor on patients suffering from acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing emergency PCI has good efficacy and safety .

To evaluate the image quality , radiation dose and diagnostic accuracy of 80kVp , high-pitch CT pulmonary angiography ( CTPA ) with iterative reconstruction using 20 ml of contrast agent .

One hundred patients with suspected pulmonary embolism ( PE ) were randomly divided into two groups ( n = 50 each ; group A , 100 kVp , 1.2 pitch , 60 ml of contrast medium and filtered back projection algorithm ; group B , 80 kVp , 2.2 pitch , 20 ml of contrast medium and sinogram affirmed iterative reconstruction ) .

Image quality , diagnostic accuracy and radiation dose were evaluated and compared .

Mean CT numbers of pulmonary arteries in group B were higher than those in group A ( all P < 0.001 ) .