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GPT Neo 1.3B pre-trained on cleaned Dutch mC4 🇳🇱

A GPT-Neo model trained from scratch on Dutch, with perplexity 16.0 on cleaned Dutch mC4.

How To Use

You can use this GPT-Neo model directly with a pipeline for text generation.

MODEL_DIR='yhavinga/gpt-neo-1.3B-dutch'
from transformers import pipeline, GPT2Tokenizer, GPTNeoForCausalLM
tokenizer = GPT2Tokenizer.from_pretrained(MODEL_DIR)
model = GPTNeoForCausalLM.from_pretrained(MODEL_DIR)
generator = pipeline('text-generation', model, tokenizer=tokenizer)

generated_text = generator('1 - geel. 2 - groen. 3 -', max_length=60, num_beams=4, no_repeat_ngram_size=3, repetition_penalty=2.0)

"1 - geel. 2 - groen. 3 - rood. 4 - blauw. 5 - bruin. 6 - zwart. 7 - oranje. 8 - roze. 9 - paars. 10 - wit. 11 - grijs. 12 - magenta. 13 - lila. 14 - lichtgroen. 15"

Tokenizer

  • BPE tokenizer trained from scratch for Dutch on mC4 nl cleaned with scripts from the Huggingface Transformers Flax examples.

Dataset

This model was trained on the full configuration (33B tokens) of cleaned Dutch mC4, which is the original mC4, except

  • Documents that contained words from a selection of the Dutch and English List of Dirty Naught Obscene and Otherwise Bad Words are removed
  • Sentences with less than 3 words are removed
  • Sentences with a word of more than 1000 characters are removed
  • Documents with less than 5 sentences are removed
  • Documents with "javascript", "lorum ipsum", "terms of use", "privacy policy", "cookie policy", "uses cookies", "use of cookies", "use cookies", "elementen ontbreken", "deze printversie" are removed.

Models

TL;DR: yhavinga/gpt2-medium-dutch is the best model.

  • The models with a/b in the step-column have been trained to step a of a total of b steps.
model params train seq len ppl loss batch size epochs steps optim lr duration config
yhavinga/gpt-neo-125M-dutch gpt neo 125M 512 20.9 3.04 128 1 190000/558608 adam 2.4e-3 1d 12h full
yhavinga/gpt2-medium-dutch gpt2 345M 512 15.1 2.71 128 1 320000/520502 adam 8e-4 7d 2h full
yhavinga/gpt2-large-dutch gpt2 762M 512 15.1 2.72 32 1 1100000/2082009 adafactor 3.3e-5 8d 15h large
yhavinga/gpt-neo-1.3B-dutch gpt neo 1.3B 512 16.0 2.77 16 1 960000/3049896 adafactor 5e-4 7d 11h full

Acknowledgements

This project would not have been possible without compute generously provided by Google through the TPU Research Cloud. The HuggingFace 🤗 ecosystem was also instrumental in most, if not all, parts of the training. The following repositories where helpful in setting up the TPU-VM, and training the models:

Created by Yeb Havinga

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Dataset used to train yhavinga/gpt-neo-1.3B-dutch