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It (or homoorientin) is a flavone, a chemical flavonoid-like compound. It is the luteolin-6-C-glucoside. Bioassay-directed fractionation techniques led to isolation of isoorientin as the main hypoglycaemic component in Gentiana olivieri. Studies also showed that isoorientin is a potential neuroprotective compound against Alzheimer's disease.

It is an organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It has a role as an antiemetic, a dopaminergic antagonist, a first generation antipsychotic and an anaesthesia adjuvant. It is a member of benzimidazoles, an organofluorine compound and an aromatic ketone.

It is an ethyl sulfide compound having two ethyl groups attached to a sulfur atom.

It is a dibenzopyran.

It is an organic thiophosphate and an organothiophosphate insecticide. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor. It is functionally related to a 2-tert-butylpyrimidin-5-ol.

It is a berberine alkaloid that is 5,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10. It is a berberine alkaloid, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, an aromatic ether and an oxacycle.

The bromate anion, BrO, is a bromine-based oxoanion. A bromate is a chemical compound that contains this ion. Examples of bromates include sodium bromate, (), and potassium bromate, (). Its are formed many different ways in municipal drinking water. The most common is the reaction of ozone and bromide: : Br + → BrO Electrochemical processes, such as electrolysis of brine without a membrane operating to form hypochlorite, will also produce bromate when bromide ion is present in the brine solution. Photoactivation (sunlight exposure) will encourage liquid or gaseous bromine to generate bromate in bromide-containing water. In laboratories bromates can be synthesized by dissolving in a concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH). The following reactions will take place (via the intermediate creation of hypobromite): : + 2 OH → Br + BrO + :3 BrO → BrO + 2 Br

It is a bromine oxoanion and a monovalent inorganic anion. It is a conjugate base of a bromic acid.

It is polyphenol flavonoid from black tea (Camellia sinensis) created during fermentation, by oxidation of epigallocatechin gallate. Its atropisomer is theasinensin D.

It is an organic compound with the formula that is used as a plant growth regulator. It is typically sold as the chloride salt, chlormequat chloride (CHClN), a colorless hygroscopic crystalline substance that is soluble in water and ethanol. It is an alkylating agent and a quaternary ammonium salt. It is one of the onium-type growth regulators.

It (INN and BAN) or ticrynafen (USAN) is a loop diuretic drug with uric acid-lowering (uricosuric) action, formerly marketed for the treatment of hypertension. It was approved by FDA on May 2, 1979, and withdrawn in 1982, after case reports in the United States indicated a link between the use of ticrynafen and hepatitis. Criminal charges were brought against SmithKline executives with regard to hiding data related to toxicity while gaining FDA approval. The company pleaded guilty to 14 counts of failure to report adverse reactions and 20 counts of selling a misbranded drug. It was found to act as a suicide substrate at the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in drug metabolism. However, the metabolic reaction carried out by these enzymes converted tienilic acid to a thiophene sulfoxide which was highly electrophilic. This encouraged a Michael reaction leading to alkylation of a thiol group in the enzyme's active site. Loss of water from the thiophene sulfoxide restored the thiophene ring and resulted in tienilic acid being covalently linked to the enzyme, thus inhibiting the enzyme irreversibly. In addition sera of patients who had liver failure after taking this drug contained antibodies recognizing CYP2C9 able to hydroxylate the drug and to give covalent binding. The above explanation is a hypothesis. It is still not known (after 15 years) if the reactive intermediate which inactivates the CYP2C9 is the thiophene sulfoxide or the thiophene epoxide. The target on the protein is also not known (could be multiple). However tienilic acid is a good mechanism based inhibitor of CYP2C9 and seems to inactivate it stoichiometrically. Progress in proteomics may one day give the answer. Recent studies indicate that in fact the primary metabolite of tienilic acid (5-OH tienilic acid) cannot be derived from a thiophene-S-oxide intermediate as was previously hypothesized. It was determined to be derived from a thiophene epoxide intermediate and this reactive intermediate is then likely a cause for the covalent binding to as well as mechanism-based inactivation of CYP2C9.

It is an aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis. It has a role as a loop diuretic, an antihypertensive agent and a hepatotoxic agent. It is a member of thiophenes, an aromatic ketone, an aromatic ether, a monocarboxylic acid and a dichlorobenzene.

It, sold under the brand name Inderal among others, is a medication of the beta blocker class. It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors, as well to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks. It can be taken orally (by mouth) or by intravenous injection (injection into a vein). The formulation that is taken orally (by mouth) comes in short-acting and long-acting versions. It appears in the blood after 30 minutes and has a maximum effect between 60 and 90 minutes when taken orally. Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation. It may worsen the symptoms of asthma. It may cause harmful effects for the baby if taken during pregnancy. Its use during breastfeeding is probably safe. It is a non-selective beta blocker which works by blocking β-adrenergic receptors. It was patented in 1962 and approved for medical use in 1964. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 91st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 7million prescriptions.

It is a propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic antagonist, an anxiolytic drug, an anti-arrhythmia drug, a vasodilator agent, an antihypertensive agent, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a human blood serum metabolite. It is a secondary amine, a propanolamine and a member of naphthalenes. It is functionally related to a 1-naphthol.

It (PBO) is a pale yellow to light brown liquid organic compound used as an adjuvant component of pesticide formulations for synergy. That is, despite having no pesticidal activity of its own, it enhances the potency of certain pesticides such as carbamates, pyrethrins, pyrethroids, and rotenone. It is a semisynthetic derivative of safrole and is produced from the condensation of the sodium salt of 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol and the chloromethyl derivative of hydrogenated safrole (dihydrosafrole). Although this route of synthesis has faced a lot of criticism in recent times. The new route of synthesis is through 1,2-Methylenedioxybenzene, developed by The Anthea Group and patented in 2019.

It is an organic nitrate with vasodilator activity that is used to prevent or ameliorate attacks of angina pectoris. It dilates the coronary vessels because of its basic action as a smooth muscle depressant, just as do nitroglycerin and other organic nitrates.

It is a semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a conjugate acid of a cefotetan(2-).

It is a quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, a topoisomerase IV inhibitor, an antibacterial drug, an EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, an antimicrobial agent, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a quinolone antibiotic, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, a member of cyclopropanes, a N-arylpiperazine, a quinolone, an aminoquinoline and a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate base of a ciprofloxacin(1+). It is a tautomer of a ciprofloxacin zwitterion.

It is a trihalomethane with formula . It has formerly been used as a flame retardant, and a solvent for fats and waxes and because of its high density for mineral separation. Now it is only used as a reagent or intermediate in organic chemistry. It can also occur in municipally-treated drinking water as a by-product of the chlorine disinfection process. According to the Environmental Working Group, a non-profit organization that strives to educate consumers about potential chemical and environmental health risks, bromodichloromethane can increase the risk of cancer, harm to reproduction and child development, and may cause changes to fetal growth and development in when present in quantities higher than 0.06 parts per billion (ppb). This data largely comes from studies reviewed or conducted by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. No standards regulating the presence of bromodichloromethane in drinking water currently exist in the United States.

It is an antipsychotic drug of the phenothiazines class. It was synthesized by Wilhelm Schuler and colleagues at Degussa. In 1966, it was released in Belgium under the brand name Pasaden. At some point, it was quietly discontinued and is no longer marketed.

It is an N-glycosyl compound consisting of a heteropolycyclic ring system with a glucosyl group attached to one of the indolic nitrogens. It is a N-glycosyl compound, an indolocarbazole, an organochlorine compound and an organic heterohexacyclic compound.

It is a tertiary alcohol.

It is an unstable glucoside found in plants of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). On maceration, for example when the plant is wounded, it is enzymatically broken down into glucose and the toxin protoanemonin.

It is an alkaloid.

It is an organochlorine pesticide having a 3,6-dichlorinated 4-aminopicolinic acid structure. It has a role as a herbicide. It is an organochlorine pesticide, a member of pyridines and an aromatic amine. It is functionally related to a picolinic acid.

It is a tropane alkaloid that consists of tropane bearing carboxy and hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 3 respectively and having (1R,2R,3S,5S)-configuration. It is both a metabolite of and a precursor to cocaine. It has a role as a metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a tropane alkaloid and a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid.

It is a natural monoterpene ketone which is a component of some essential oils. Both stereoisomers, the -form and the -form, are known. The -form has a peppermint-like aroma and has been isolated from the oils of plants from the genera Cymbopogon, Andropogon, and Mentha. The -form has been isolated from Sitka spruce. It is used as the principal raw material for the production of synthetic menthol and thymol. The primary source of /-piperitone is from Eucalyptus dives, produced mainly in South Africa.

It is an intermediate in cysteine metabolism. It has been studied as a potential treatment for cyanide poisoning, but its half-life is too short for it to be clinically effective. Instead, prodrugs, such as sulfanegen, are being evaluated to compensate for the short half-life of 3-mercaptopyruvic acid.

It is a natural product found in Carica papaya and Xenorhabdus nematophila with data available.

It is a member of quinolines.

It is a corticosteroid hormone.

It is a zwitterionic alkaloid and analog of psilocybin. It is found as a minor compound in most psilocybin mushrooms together with psilocybin, norbaeocystin, aeruginascin, and psilocin. It is an N-demethylated derivative of psilocybin, and a phosphorylated derivative of 4-HO-NMT (4-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine). The structures at right illustrate baeocystin in its zwitterionic form. It was first isolated from the mushroom Psilocybe baeocystis, and later from P. semilanceata, Panaeolus renenosus, Panaeolus subbalteatus, and Copelandia chlorocystis. It was first synthesized by Troxler et al. in 1959. Little information exists with regard to human pharmacology, but in the book Magic Mushrooms Around the World, author Jochen Gartz reports being aware of a study in which "10 mg of baeocystin were found to be about as psychoactive as a similar amount of psilocybin." Gartz also reported in a research paper that a self-administered assay of 4 mg of baeocystin caused "a gentle hallucinogenic experience". While Gartz describes experiencing a "gentle hallucinogenic experience" from baeocystin, this could not be replicated in a mouse model in a 2019 study which found no evidence that baeocystin produces any hallucinogenic effects. Researchers compared psilocybin which is a known hallucinogen to baeocystin by using the mouse head-twitch response. Upon comparison, baeocystin was indistinguishable from saline solution, indicating "...baeocystin alone would likely not induce hallucinogenic effects in vivo". This does contrast however with the human experiences mentioned above, although high quality data is scarce.

It (PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, P5P), the active form of vitamin B, is a coenzyme in a variety of enzymatic reactions. The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology has catalogued more than 140 PLP-dependent activities, corresponding to ~4% of all classified activities. The versatility of PLP arises from its ability to covalently bind the substrate, and then to act as an electrophilic catalyst, thereby stabilizing different types of carbanionic reaction intermediates.

It is an N-sulfonylurea that is N-carbamoyl-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the non-sulfonylated nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group. A herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds in wheat, barley and oats. It has a role as an agrochemical, a herbicide and an EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor. It is a N-sulfonylurea, a member of monochlorobenzenes and a methoxy-1,3,5-triazine.

It, is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CHCO)O. This colorless solid is the acid anhydride of succinic acid.

It is a natural product found in Medicago sativa with data available.

It is a triglyceride obtained by acetylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol. It has fungistatic properties (based on release of acetic acid) and has been used in the topical treatment of minor dermatophyte infections. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a solvent, a fuel additive, an adjuvant, a food additive carrier, a food emulsifier, a food humectant and an antifungal drug. It is functionally related to an acetic acid.

It is a natural product found in Senegalia berlandieri with data available.

It is an arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine. It has a role as an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, an apoptosis inducer and an antineoplastic agent.

It is an olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a carcinogenic agent, a xenoestrogen, an EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor, an antifungal agent, an endocrine disruptor, an EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor, an autophagy inducer and a calcium channel blocker. It is a polyphenol and an olefinic compound.

It is an alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an anthelminthic drug, an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, an antibacterial agent and an antifungal agent. It is an alkenyl phosphate, a dialkyl phosphate, an organophosphate insecticide and an organochlorine acaricide.

L-leucine is the L-enantiomer of leucine. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a pyruvate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a leucine and a L-alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate base of a L-leucinium. It is a conjugate acid of a L-leucinate. It is an enantiomer of a D-leucine. It is a tautomer of a L-leucine zwitterion.

It is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis with data available.

It is a natural product found in Hydrangea serrata and Hydrangea macrophylla with data available.

It is a natural product found in Chrysanthemum indicum with data available.

It is a benzoate ester.

It (or oxyphenisatin) is a laxative. It is closely related to bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate, and phenolphthalein. Long-term use is associated with liver damage, and as a result, it was withdrawn in most countries in the early 1970s. The acetate derivative oxyphenisatine acetate was also once used as a laxative. Natural chemical compounds similar to oxyphenisatine may be present in prunes, but a recent review of the relevant scientific literature suggests that the laxative effect of prunes is due to other constituents including phenolic compounds (mainly neochlorogenic acids and chlorogenic acids) and sorbitol. Oxyphenisatin has cathartic properties.

It is a 7-O-glycoside of the flavanone eriodictyol and the disaccharide neohesperidose (α--rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β--glucopyranose). Note that the neo in the name in this case does not refer to the position of the B-ring (which is not in a neo position), but refer to the glycosyl moiety.

It is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite. It is functionally related to an ethanolamine.

It is a natural product found in Streptomyces canus with data available.

It is an aromatic ketone that is cyclohexa-1,3-dione in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(methanesulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzoyl group. It has a role as a herbicide, an EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and a carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor. It is a sulfone, a C-nitro compound, an aromatic ketone and a beta-triketone. It is functionally related to a benzophenone.

It is a natural product found in Streptomyces sparsogenes with data available.

It is a member of morpholines.

It is a member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, an anti-allergic agent, a sedative and a carcinogenic agent.

It usually refers to the inorganic compound with the formula NaAsO. Also called sodium meta-arsenite, it is the sodium salt of arsenous acid. Sodium ortho-arsenite is NaAsO. The compounds are colourless solids.

L-dehydroascorbic acid is dehydroascorbic acid having the L-configuration. It has a role as a coenzyme and a mouse metabolite. It is a vitamin C and a dehydroascorbic acid. It is functionally related to a L-ascorbic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a L-dehydroascorbate.

It is a selenoamino acid that is the selenium analogue of methionine. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of selenomethionines and a selenoamino acid.

Acene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement. It is an ortho-fused polycyclic arene and a member of acenes.

It is a pyruvate ester resultinf grom the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyruvic acid with the hydroxy group of methanol. It is a pyruvate ester and a methyl ester. It is functionally related to a pyruvic acid.

It is a fungicide, a member benzimidazole fungicides. It is a metabolite of benomyl. The fungicide is used to control plant diseases in cereals and fruits, including citrus, bananas, strawberries, macadamia nuts, pineapples, and pomes. A 4.7% solution of carbendazim hydrochloride, sold as Eertavas, is marketed as a treatment for Dutch elm disease.

It is a primary amino compound obtained by formal decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a neurotransmitter. It is a monoamine molecular messenger, a primary amino compound and a member of tyramines. It is a conjugate base of a tyraminium.

It is an antibiotic that has been in use in Europe for about fifty years, and has proven to be very effective at combating biofilm infections. It was shown to cause a decrease in the biofilm density of P. aeruginosa infections, which would allow access to the infection by the immune system in vivo. It was shown that nitroxoline functions by chelating Fe and Zn ions from the biofilm matrix; when Fe and Zn were reintroduced into the system, biofilm formation was reconstituted. The activity of biofilm degradation is comparable to EDTA, but has a history of human use in clinical settings and therefore has a precedent with which to allow its use against “slimy” biofilm infections.

It is a member of the class of pyrroles carrying chloro and 3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite and an antifungal drug. It is a member of pyrroles, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a C-nitro compound and an alkaloid.

It (PRN) is a phenylpyrrole chemical used an antifungal antibiotic. Pseudomonas pyrrocinia and other Pseudomonas species produce pyrrolnitrin from tryptophan as secondary metabolite. It is believed that the antifungal properties come from inhibition of electron transport system. The synthetic fungicides fenpiclonil and fludioxonil are chemically related to pyrrolnitrin.

It is an organic compound with the formula . It is one of three isomeric cyclohexanediones. It is a colorless compound that is soluble in a variety of organic solvents. It can be prepared by oxidation of cyclohexanone by selenium dioxide. The enol is about 1 kcal/mol more stable than the diketo form. Numerous diimine and dioxime ligands have been prepared from this diketone. It also condenses with 1,2-diamines to give diaza heterocycles.

Its are chemical compounds which include the fulminate ion (). The fulminate ion is a pseudohalic ion because its charge and reactivity are similar to those of the halogens. Due to the instability of the ion, fulminate salts are friction-sensitive explosives. The best known is mercury(II) fulminate, which has been used as a primary explosive in detonators. Its can be formed from metals, such as silver and mercury, dissolved in nitric acid and reacted with ethanol. The weak single nitrogen-oxygen bond is responsible for their instability. Nitrogen very easily forms a stable triple bond to another nitrogen atom, forming nitrogen gas.

It is a drug that possesses sedative and anxiolytic properties. Marketed as Tacitin by Ciba-Geigy, it is different from most sedative drugs because in most clinical trials it does not produce respiratory depression, but actually stimulates the respiratory system. As a result, when compared to other sedative and anxiolytic drugs such as benzodiazepines like diazepam, it is a safer form of tranquilizing. However, when co-administered with other drugs that cause respiratory depression, like morphine, it can cause increased respiratory depression. Medically, benzoctamine is used as a treatment for anxious outpatients to control aggression, enuresis, fear, and minor social maladjustment in children. While it is a relatively new anti-anxiety drug, its popularity is increasing as a result of it being able to have comparable anxiolytic and sedative effects to other medications without their potentially fatal respiratory depressive side effects. Its anxiolytic effects are most similar to diazepam, another anxiolytic, but unlike diazepam, benzoctamine has antagonistic effects on epinephrine and norepinephrine, and appears to increase serotonin levels. While little is understood about how it carries out its effects, studies point to reduced serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine as partial causes of its pharmacologic and behavioral effects. Animal studies have shown sedative hypnotic drugs tend to show dependency in animals, but benzoctamine has been shown to not be addictive. Other animal studies also point to the drug as a possible mechanism by which to reduce blood pressure through the adrenergic system. Chemically, benzoctamine belongs to the class of compounds called dibenzobicyclo-octadienes. It is a tetracyclic compound, consisting of four rings in a three dimensional configuration, and is very closely related structurally to the tetracyclic antidepressant (TeCA) maprotiline, differing only in the length of their side chain.

4-nitrophenol is a member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. It has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a 4-nitrophenolate.

It and its precursor limonene are naturally occurring monocyclic terpenes derived from the mevalonate pathway in plants. It can be found in the essential oils of various plants, such as lavender, lemongrass, sage, and peppermint. It has a number of manufacturing, household, and medical applications. For example, perillyl alcohol may be used as an ingredient in cleaning products and cosmetics. It has shown some antitumor activity in laboratory and animal studies. Perillyl Alcohol decrease production of proangiogenic growth factors VEGF and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in vitro. Mammals possess enzymes (P450, liver) to convert limonene to It. Limonene is formed from geranyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate pathway. Conversion of limonene to perillyl alcohol is done via hydroxylation by enzymes that belong to the superfamily of cytochrome P450 proteins. It can be further converted to perillaldehyde (perillyl aldehyde) and perillic acid. The name comes from the herb perilla.

It mesylate (Tornalate) is a short-acting β adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and COPD. In these disorders there is a narrowing of the airways (bronchi and their ramifications) that carry air to the lungs. Muscle spasm and inflammation within the bronchi worsen this narrowing. It relaxes the smooth muscles present continuously around the bronchi and bronchioles facilitating the flow of air through them. It is a prodrug of colterol. It has a rapid onset of action (2–5 minutes) and may last up to 6–8 hours. The drug, alone or in co-administration with theophylline, doesn't show cardiotoxic effect. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved bitolterol in December 1984. The drug was withdrawn from the market by Élan Pharmaceuticals in 2001.

It is an organic compound with the formula CHN. It is an aromatic heterocycle with a bicyclic structure consisting of two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring. It is a light yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in water. Also known as 1,3-diazanaphthalene, quinazoline received its name from being an aza derivative of quinoline. Though the parent quinazoline molecule is rarely mentioned by itself in technical literature, substituted derivatives have been synthesized for medicinal purposes such as antimalarial and anticancer agents. It is a planar molecule. It is isomeric with the other diazanaphthalenes of the benzodiazine subgroup: cinnoline, quinoxaline, and phthalazine. Over 200 biologically active quinazoline and quinoline alkaloids are identified.

It is a natural product found in Maerua subcordata with data available.

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one of the two hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a hydroxy group, while the other is substituted by a methyl group. It has been found to accumulate in urine of patients suffering from HMG-CoA lyase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, EC 4.1.3.4) deficiency. It occurs as a plant metabolite in Crotalaria dura. It has a role as an antimetabolite, an anticholesteremic drug, an EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor, a human metabolite and a plant metabolite. It is a dicarboxylic acid, a 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid and a tertiary alcohol. It is functionally related to a glutaric acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate(1-).

It is a diarylmethane.

It is a member of the class of chromones that is chromone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, a methoxy group at position 7 and a methyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Pisonia aculeata. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is a member of chromones, a member of phenols and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to a chromone.

It (4-isopropylbenzaldehyde) is a natural organic compound with the molecular formula CHO. It is a benzaldehyde with an isopropyl group substituted in the 4-position. It is a constituent of the essential oils of eucalyptus, myrrh, cassia, cumin, and others. It has a pleasant smell and contributes to the aroma of these oils. It is used commercially in perfumes and other cosmetics. It has been shown that cuminaldehyde, as a small molecule, inhibits the fibrillation of alpha-synuclein, which, if aggregated, forms insoluble fibrils in pathological conditions characterized by Lewy bodies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. It can be prepared synthetically by the reduction of 4-isopropylbenzoyl chloride or by the formylation of cumene. The thiosemicarbazone of cuminaldehyde has antiviral properties.

It is a natural product found in Microchloropsis salina, Cladophora glomerata, and other organisms with data available.

It is a natural product found in Plumeria rubra, Streptomyces, and other organisms with data available.

It is a member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug. It has a role as an antiviral agent, an interferon inducer, an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent and a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. It is a member of fluoren-9-ones, a tertiary amino compound, an aromatic ether and a diether. It is a conjugate base of a tilorone(2+).

It is a lignan found in many plants of the family Asteraceae, particularly the greater burdock (Arctium lappa) and Centaurea imperialis, and in Trachelospermum asiaticum, Saussurea heteromalla, and Forsythia viridissima. It is the glucoside of arctigenin. It and arctigenin have shown anticancer effects in animal research. They have been found to act as agonists of the adiponectin receptor 1.

It is a 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. It has a role as a human metabolite. It is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid and an anabolic androgenic steroid. It derives from a hydride of an estrane.

It is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline.

It is the chemical compound with the formula SF. It is a colorless corrosive gas that releases dangerous HF upon exposure to water or moisture. Despite these unwelcome characteristics, this compound is a useful reagent for the preparation of organofluorine compounds, some of which are important in the pharmaceutical and specialty chemical industries.

It, also known as 3-hydroxybutanone or acetyl methyl carbinol, is an organic compound with the formula CHCH(OH)C(O)CH. It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant, buttery odor. It is chiral. The form produced by bacteria is (R)-acetoin.

It is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and other organisms with data available.

It is a natural product found in Veratrum dahuricum, Veratrum taliense, and other organisms with data available.

It is a dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine which is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. It is a pyrrolidinone and a dicarboximide.

It is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Raphanus sativus var. sativus, and other organisms with data available.

It is an anthocyanidin cation consisting of benzopyrylium with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 7, a methoxy group at position 5 and a 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 2 respectively. It has a role as a plant metabolite.

It (Cp) is an O-methylated anthocyanidin. It is a water-soluble, blue-red plant dye. It is a 5-methoxy analog of malvidin, has been obtained from Plumbago capensis.

It is an imidazoline compound having the double bond at the 2-position.

It, also known as isopentyl acetate, is an ester formed from isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid, with the molecular formula . It is a colorless liquid that is only slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in most organic solvents. It has a strong odor which is described as similar to both banana and pear. Pure isoamyl acetate, or mixtures of isoamyl acetate, amyl acetate, and other flavors in ethanol may be referred to as banana oil or pear oil.

It, sold under the brand name Zarontin among others, is a medication used to treat absence seizures. It may be used by itself or with other antiseizure medications such as valproic acid. It is taken by mouth. It is usually well tolerated. Common side effects include loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and feeling tired. Serious side effects include suicidal thoughts, low blood cell levels, and lupus erythematosus. It is unclear if it has adverse effects on the fetus during pregnancy. It is in the succinimide family of medications. Its mechanism of action is thought to be due to antagonism of the postsynaptic T-type voltage-gated calcium channel. It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1960. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. As of 2019 its availability was limited in many countries with concerns of price fixing in the United States.

It is a natural product found in Catalpa ovata, Plenckia populnea, and other organisms with data available.

It (16-keto-E2, 16-oxoestradiol, or 16-oxo-E2) is an endogenous estrogen related to 16-ketoestrone. 16-Ketoestrone is a very weak estrogen with only 1/1000 the estrogenic potency of estradiol in the uterus. It is a so-called "short-acting" or "impeded" estrogen, similarly to estriol and dimethylstilbestrol.

It, or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organic compound with the formula and a common solvent. It is a very volatile, colorless, strong-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to refrigerants and PTFE. It is a trihalomethane that serves as a powerful anesthetic, euphoriant, anxiolytic, and sedative when inhaled or ingested. It was used as an anesthetic between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It is miscible with many solvents but it is only very slightly soluble in water (only 8 g/L at 20°C).

It is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione.

It is a steroid. It derives from a hydride of an estrane.

It is a p-menthane monoterpenoid that is cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an isopropyl group at position 6. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. It is a p-menthane monoterpenoid and a cyclic terpene ketone.

It is an antihistamine and anticholinergic of the diphenylmethylpiperazine group. It is considered to be an antiemetic, similar to meclizine. In the United Kingdom, buclizine is one of three drugs contained in Migraleve tablets, marketed by McNeil Healthcare for migraines.

It is an isoquinoline alkaloid.

It is a cholestanoid and a 3beta-sterol. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-cholestane.

It is a bicyclic sesquiterpene produced by certain fungi including the cheese mold Penicillium roqueforti. It is biosynthesized from farnesyl pyrophosphate by aristolochene synthase and is the parent hydrocarbon of a large variety of fungal toxins. The substance was first isolated from Penicillium roqueforti, a fungus used to make blue cheeses like Roquefort, Danish Blue, Stilton cheese and gorgonzola. It is a precursor to PR toxin, a toxic chemical made in large amounts by Penicillium roqueforti. PR toxin has been implicated in incidents of mycotoxicoses resulting from eating contaminated grains.

It is a chloroalkene. It has a role as an estrogen receptor modulator, an antineoplastic agent and a xenoestrogen. It derives from a hydride of a stilbene.

It is a member of piperidines.

It is a monoterpenoid.

It is a carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol. It has a role as a parasympatholytic, a muscarinic antagonist and an antispasmodic drug. It is a member of piperidines, a member of flavones, a carboxylic ester and a tertiary amino compound. It is functionally related to a 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid and a 2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethanol. It is a conjugate base of a flavoxate(1+).

It is a 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an anticholesteremic drug and a plant metabolite. It is a 3-hydroxy steroid and a member of phytosterols. It derives from a hydride of a 5alpha-stigmastane.

It (also known as 2-cystenyl-1,4-dihydroxycyclohexenylacetate) is an amino acid, which is formed after detoxification of a reactive tyrosine metabolite (quinol acetate) by glutathione. It is ninhydrin positive (a common test to detect amino acids and proteins with a free -NH group). It is found in elevated concentrations in the urine in hawkinsinuria, which is probably related to the depletion of glutathione and resulting high excretion of 5-oxoproline.

It is propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, an EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor and a photosensitizing agent. It is a member of carbazoles and an organochlorine compound.

It is a natural product found in Phomopsis phaseoli with data available.

It is a member of imidazolidines.

It is an alkane.

O-orsellinate depside is a benzoate ester. It is functionally related to an o-orsellinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an o-orsellinate depsidate(1-).

It is a bromoalkane that is ethane carrying a bromo substituent. It is an alkylating agent used as a chemical intermediate in various organic syntheses. It has a role as a carcinogenic agent, a solvent, a refrigerant, a local anaesthetic and an alkylating agent. It is a bromoalkane, a bromohydrocarbon and a volatile organic compound.

It ( or , from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós "yellow" due to its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms. Several stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine. It is a product on the pathway of purine degradation. * It is created from guanine by guanine deaminase. * It is created from hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase. * It is also created from xanthosine by purine nucleoside phosphorylase. It is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme.

It is a benzazepine.

It is a member of imidazoles. It has a role as an anticoronaviral agent.

It is a member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. It is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. It has a role as an antitrichomonal drug, a prodrug, an antibacterial drug, an antimicrobial agent, an antiparasitic agent, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, a radiosensitizing agent and an antiamoebic agent. It is a member of imidazoles, a C-nitro compound and a primary alcohol. It is a conjugate base of a metronidazole(1+).

It is a 1-benzopyran.

It is an antibiotic used to treat protozoan infections. A synthetic nitroimidazole, it is commercially obtained from an acid-catalyzed reaction between 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole and epichlorohydrin. Antimicrobial spectrum is similar to that of metronidazole and is more well tolerated; however there are concerns of lower relative efficacy. It was first introduced for treating trichomoniasis before being recognized for its broad anti-protozoan and anti-anaerobic-bacterial capacities. has also been investigated for use in Crohn's disease after bowel resection.

It is an inorganic chloride salt with formula SbCl3. It is used as a reagent for detecting vitamin A and related carotenoids, reacting with the carotenoid to form a blue complex that can be measured by colorimetry (the Carr-Price test). Solutions of antimony trichloride were formerly used for dissolving and removing horn stubs from calves and goats. It has a role as a Lewis acid, an apoptosis inducer and a colorimetric reagent. It is an antimony molecular entity and an inorganic chloride. It derives from a hydride of a stibane.

It is a uricosuric agent and non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase used in the treatment of gout, especially when allopurinol, a first-line treatment, fails or produces intolerable adverse effects. It is structurally related to the antiarrhythmic amiodarone. It is highly effective and well tolerated, and clinical trials as early as 1981 and as recently as April 2008 have suggested it is superior to both allopurinol, a non-uricosuric xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and probenecid, another uricosuric drug.

(3R,4R,5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-bis(phenylmethoxy)ethyl]-2-ethoxy-4-phenylmethoxy-3-oxolanol is a glycoside.

3-hydroxypicolinic acid is a monohydroxypyridine that is picolinic acid in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of oligonucleotides. It has a role as a MALDI matrix material. It is a monohydroxypyridine and a monocarboxylic acid.

It is an organic compound with the formula (CHCH)NH. It is a secondary amine. It is a flammable, weakly alkaline liquid that is miscible with most solvents. It is a colorless liquid, but commercial samples often appear brown due to impurities. It has a strong ammonia-like odor.

It is a member of the class of triazoles that is 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3, and 4 by 2,4-dichloro-5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl, methyl, and difluoromethyl groups, respectively. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide to control broad-leaved weeds in soya and tobacco crops. Not approved for use within the European Union. It has a role as an EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor, a herbicide and an agrochemical. It is a sulfonamide, a dichlorobenzene, an organofluorine compound and a member of triazoles.

It (symbol Val or V) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO form under biological conditions), and a side chain isopropyl group, making it a non-polar aliphatic amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it; it must be obtained from dietary sources which are foods that contain proteins, such as meats, dairy products, soy products, beans and legumes. It is encoded by all codons starting with GU (GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG).

It is a natural product found in Ophioparma ventosa with data available.

It is an aromatic ketone.

It is an antibiotic drug of the penicillin class. It is a produg of ampicillin; after oral administration of lenampicillin, ampicillin is rapidly formed. It inhibits bacterial penicillin binding proteins (transpeptidase) and is effective against a wide range of bacterial infections. It was developed in Japan and has been marketed there.

It is a C21-steroid that is pregn-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at position 3 and 20 and hydroxy groups at positions 16 and 17. It has a role as a progestin. It is a 20-oxo steroid, a 16alpha-hydroxy steroid, a 17-hydroxy steroid, a C21-steroid, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.

It is a quinolone antibiotic and a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

It, sold under the brand names Nilandron and Anandron, is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer. It has also been studied as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women and to treat acne and seborrhea in women. It is taken by mouth. Side effects in men include breast tenderness and enlargement, feminization, sexual dysfunction, and hot flashes. Nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, alcohol intolerance, elevated liver enzymes, and lung disease can occur in both sexes. Rarely, nilutamide can cause respiratory failure and liver damage. These unfavorable side effects, along with a number of associated cases of death, have limited the use of nilutamide. It acts as a selective antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR), preventing the effects of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the body. Because most prostate cancer cells rely on these hormones for growth and survival, nilutamide can slow the progression of prostate cancer and extend life in men with the disease. It was discovered in 1977 and was first introduced for medical use in 1987. It became available in the United States in 1996. The drug has largely been replaced by newer and improved NSAAs, namely bicalutamide and enzalutamide, due to their better efficacy, tolerability, and safety, and is now rarely used. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

It is a purine nucleoside in which xanthine is attached to ribofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a member of xanthosines and a purines D-ribonucleoside.

It is an alpha-bromoketone that is acetone in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a bromine atom. A poweful lachrymator, it was formerly used as a chemical weapon. It has a role as a lachrymator. It is functionally related to an acetone.

It is a bromine oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a perbromate.

It, sold under the brand names Dolophine and Methadose among others, is a synthetic opioid agonist used for chronic pain and also for opioid use disorder. It is used to treat chronic pain, and it is also used to treat addiction to heroin or other opioids. Prescribed for daily use, the medicine relieves cravings and removes withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal management using methadone can be accomplished in less than a month, or it may be done gradually over a longer period of time, or simply maintained for the rest of the patient's life. While a single dose has a rapid effect, maximum effect can take up to five days of use. After long-term use, in people with normal liver function, effects last 8 to 36 hours. It is usually taken by mouth and rarely by injection into a muscle or vein. Side effects are similar to those of other opioids. These frequently include dizziness, sleepiness, vomiting, and sweating. Serious risks include opioid abuse and respiratory depression. Abnormal heart rhythms may also occur due to a prolonged QT interval. The number of deaths in the United States involving methadone poisoning declined from 4,418 in 2011 to 3,300 in 2015. Risks are greater with higher doses. It is made by chemical synthesis and acts on opioid receptors. It was developed in Germany in the late 1930s by Gustav Ehrhart and Max Bockmühl. It was approved for use as an analgesic in the United States in 1947, and has been used in the treatment of addiction since the 1960s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

It is a gamma-lactone.

It is an amino cyclitol glycoside that is isolated from Streptomyces kasugaensis and exhibits antibiotic and fungicidal properties. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite, a protein synthesis inhibitor and an antifungal agrochemical. It is an amino cyclitol glycoside, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, a monosaccharide derivative, a carboxamidine and an antibiotic fungicide.

It is a member of piperidines. It has a role as a glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor.

It is a quinolizidine alkaloid.

It is an organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union. It has a role as an antiseptic drug, an acaricide, an antibacterial agent and an antifungal agrochemical. It is a polyphenol, a trichlorobenzene and a bridged diphenyl fungicide.

It is a sulfoxide that is the S-oxide of biotin. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a member of biotins and a sulfoxide. It is a conjugate acid of a biotinate sulfoxide(1-).

It, more commonly known as its anionic form chorismate, is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and microorganisms. It is a precursor for: * The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine * Indole, indole derivatives and tryptophan * 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) used for enterobactin biosynthesis * The plant hormone salicylic acid * Many alkaloids and other aromatic metabolites. *The folate precursor para-aminobenzoate (pABA) * The biosynthesis of vitamin K and folate in plants and microorganisms. The name chorismic acid derives from a classical Greek word meaning "to separate", because the compound plays a role as a branch-point in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis.

It is a natural product found in Artemia salina, Crotalaria prolongata, and Theobroma cacao with data available.

It (; systematic name 4-β--glucan 4-glucanohydrolase) is any of several enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis, the decomposition of cellulose and of some related polysaccharides: : Endohydrolysis of (1→4)-β--glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal β--glucan The name is also used for any naturally occurring mixture or complex of various such enzymes, that act serially or synergistically to decompose cellulosic material. Its break down the cellulose molecule into monosaccharides ("simple sugars") such as β-glucose, or shorter polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Cellulose breakdown is of considerable economic importance, because it makes a major constituent of plants available for consumption and use in chemical reactions. The specific reaction involved is the hydrolysis of the 1,4-β--glycosidic linkages in cellulose, hemicellulose, lichenin, and cereal β--glucans. Because cellulose molecules bind strongly to each other, cellulolysis is relatively difficult compared to the breakdown of other polysaccharides such as starch. Most mammals have only very limited ability to digest dietary fibres like cellulose by themselves. In many herbivorous animals such as ruminants like cattle and sheep and hindgut fermenters like horses, cellulases are produced by symbiotic bacteria. Endogenous cellulases are produced by a few types of animals, such as some termites, snails, and earthworms. Recently, cellulases have also been found in green microalgae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Gonium pectorale and Volvox carteri) and their catalytic domains (CD) belonging to GH9 Family show highest sequence homology to metazoan endogenous cellulases. Algal cellulases are modular, consisting of putative novel cysteine-rich carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), proline/serine-(PS) rich linkers in addition to putative Ig-like and unknown domains in some members. It from Gonium pectorale consisted of two CDs separated by linkers and with a C-terminal CBM. Several different kinds of cellulases are known, which differ structurally and mechanistically. Synonyms, derivatives, and specific enzymes associated with the name "cellulase" include endo-1,4-β--glucanase (β-1,4-glucanase, β-1,4-endoglucan hydrolase, endoglucanase D, 1,4-(1,3;1,4)-β--glucan 4-glucanohydrolase), carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), avicelase, celludextrinase, cellulase A, cellulosin AP, alkali cellulase, cellulase A 3, 9.5 cellulase, celloxylanase and pancellase SS. Enzymes that cleave lignin have occasionally been called cellulases, but this old usage is deprecated; they are lignin-modifying enzymes.

It is a sulfoxide and a member of pyrazolidines. It has a role as a uricosuric drug.

It is a member of the class of cyclopentapyridines that is 6,7-dihydrocyclopenta[c]pyridine bearing two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 7. It has a role as a plant metabolite and a pheromone. It is a cyclopentapyridine and a pyridine alkaloid.

It is a member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a flavouring agent, an insecticide and a metabolite.

It is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CHNO. It is an intermediate in the production of the biological pigment eumelanin. It is biosynthesized from -dopachrome in a reaction catalyzed by a tyrosinase enzyme and is further converted into indole-5,6-quinone. In humans, 5,6-dihydroxyindole is involved in the metabolic disorder hawkinsinuria. In some insects, 5,6-dihydroxyindole is a reactive compound that is produced as a component of defense responses and has antibacterial and antifungal activity. A laboratory synthesis of 5,6-dihydroxyindole can be accomplished starting from 3,4-dibenzyloxybenzaldehyde. This compound is condensed with nitromethane in a Henry reaction, followed by nitration, reduction of the nitro groups, and hydrogenolysis of the benzyl protecting groups.

It is a 1,2-dithiole that is 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione substituted at positions 4 and 5 by methyl and pyrazin-2-yl groups respectively. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an antimutagen, a protective agent, an antioxidant, an EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor, a schistosomicide drug, a neurotoxin and an angiogenesis modulating agent. It is a 1,2-dithiole and a member of pyrazines.

It is a macrolide antibiotic. It is synthesized from strains of Streptomyces antibioticus. It is weaker than erythromycin. It used to be sold under the brand name Sigmamycine, combined with tetracycline, and made by the company Rosa-Phytopharma in France.

It is a bromine oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a bromate.

It, sold under the brand names Enovid, Norinyl, and Ortho-Novum among others, is an estrogen medication which has been used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and the treatment of menstrual disorders. It is formulated in combination with a progestin and is not available alone. It is taken by mouth. Side effects of mestranol include nausea, breast tension, edema, and breakthrough bleeding among others. It is an estrogen, or an agonist of the estrogen receptors, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. It is a prodrug of ethinylestradiol in the body. It was discovered in 1956 and was introduced for medical use in 1957. It was the estrogen component in the first birth control pill. In 1969, mestranol was replaced by ethinylestradiol in most birth control pills, although mestranol continues to be used in a few birth control pills even today. It remains available only in a few countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, and Chile.

It is a methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor and a prodrug. It is a methoxynaphthalene and a methyl ketone.

It is a natural product found in Capsicum annuum var. annuum with data available.

It is a cephamycin antibiotic, usually grouped with the second-generation cephalosporins. __TOC__

It is a fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of hexanoic acid with ethanol. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a fatty acid ethyl ester and a hexanoate ester.

It is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Erythrophleum fordii, and other organisms with data available.

It is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. It inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations. It has a role as an EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor and a calcium channel blocker. It is a sesquiterpene lactone, an organic heterotricyclic compound and a butyrate ester.

It is a mononuclear parent hydride and a tin hydride.

It is an organic thiophosphate and an organothiophosphate insecticide. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, an acaricide and an agrochemical. It is functionally related to a 5-methoxy-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-one.

It is a chemical compound. It is the backbone of all flavonols, a type of flavonoid. It is a synthetic compound, which is not found naturally in plants. It serves as a model molecule as it possesses an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) effect to serve as a fluorescent probe to study membranes for example or intermembrane proteins. The green tautomer emission (λ ≈ 524 nm) and blue-violet normal emission (λ ≈ 400 nm) originate from two different ground state populations of 3HF molecules. The phenomenon also exists in natural flavonols. Although 3-hydroxyflavone is almost insoluble in water, its aqueous solubility (hence bio-availability) can be increased by encapsulation in cyclodextrin cavities.

It is a quaternary ammonium ion.

It is an organoarsenic compound that is the main source of arsenic found in fish. It is the arsenic analog of trimethylglycine, commonly known as betaine. The biochemistry and its biosynthesis are similar to those of choline and betaine. It is a common substance in marine biological systems and unlike many other organoarsenic compounds, such as trimethylarsine, it is relatively non-toxic. The compound may play a similar role as urea does for nitrogen, as a non-toxic waste compound made in the bodies of animals to dispose of the relevant element. It has been known since 1920 that marine fish contain organoarsenic compounds, but it was not until 1977 that the chemical structure of the most predominant compound arsenobetaine was determined.

It is an alkaloid found in the bark of the New Zealand tree Laurelia novae-zelandiae ("Pukatea"), as well as some South American plants. An extract from pukatea is used in traditional Māori herbal medicine as an analgesic. Bernard Cracroft Aston studied the physical and chemical characteristics of the compound, and presented a paper with his findings to the Royal Society of New Zealand on 11 May 1909.

It is a member of tryptamines. It has a role as a serotonergic agonist, a vasoconstrictor agent and an anti-inflammatory drug. It is functionally related to a N,N-dimethyltryptamine.

It is a tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety. It has a role as a H1-receptor antagonist, a sedative, an antiemetic, a local anaesthetic, an antipruritic drug, an anti-allergic agent and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a member of phenothiazines and a tertiary amine. It is a conjugate base of a promethazine(1+).

It (INN) is a diuretic, part of the class of low-ceiling sulfonamide diuretics. It is used primarily in the treatment of oedema and hypertension.

It is an iridoid monoterpene. It is produced from 7-deoxyloganetic acid by the enzyme 7-deoxyloganetic acid glucosyltransferase (7-DLGT). The metabolite is a substrate for the enzyme 7-deoxyloganic acid hydroxylase (7-DLH) which synthesizes loganic acid.

It is an oxo carboxylic acid.

It is a 20-oxo steroid that is pregn-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 20. It has a role as a human metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a 20-oxo steroid, a C21-steroid and a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.

It is a pyridinethione that is pyridine-2(1H)-thione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is a Zn(2+) ionophore; the zinc salt is used as an antifungal and antibacterial agent. It has a role as an ionophore. It is a pyridinethione and a monohydroxypyridine. It is a tautomer of a pyridine-2-thiol N-oxide.

It is a compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. It has a role as a serotonergic antagonist, a first generation antipsychotic, a dopaminergic antagonist, an antidyskinesia agent and an antiemetic. It is a hydroxypiperidine, an organofluorine compound, an aromatic ketone, a tertiary alcohol and a member of monochlorobenzenes.

It is a monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl group. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a non-narcotic analgesic, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor, an antipyretic, a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant, a radical scavenger, a drug allergen and a geroprotector. It is functionally related to a propionic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an ibuprofen(1-).

It is a sesquiterpenoid.

It is a member of phenothiazines.

It, sold under the brand name Vepesid among others, is a chemotherapy medication used for the treatments of a number of types of cancer including testicular cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, neuroblastoma, and ovarian cancer. It is also used for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. It is used by mouth or injection into a vein. Side effects are very common. They can include low blood cell counts, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, hair loss, and fever. Other severe side effects include allergic reactions and low blood pressure. Use during pregnancy will likely harm the fetus. It is in the topoisomerase inhibitor family of medication. It is believed to work by damaging DNA. It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1983. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.

It is a N-acyl-amino acid.

It is a high-affinity agonist ligand for the glucocorticoid receptor and consequently is classified as a glucocorticoid. It is sometimes abbreviated "CVZ".

It is an organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a carcinogenic agent and an alkylating agent. It is an organochlorine compound and a member of N-nitrosoureas.

It is a derivative of streptomycin that has a bactericidal properties. It is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It acts by irreversibly binding the S12 protein in the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, after being actively transported across the cell membrane, which interferes with the initiation complex between the mRNA and the bacterial ribosome. This leads to the synthesis of defective, nonfunctional proteins, which results in the bacterial cell's death. It causes ototoxicity, which is why it is no longer used in humans.

It is a member of streptomycins.

It is a capsaicinoid.

It (Tridione) is an oxazolidinedione anticonvulsant. It is most commonly used to treat epileptic conditions that are resistant to other treatments. It is primarily effective in treating absence seizures, but can also be used in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. It is usually administered 3 or 4 times daily, with the total daily dose ranging from 900 mg to 2.4 g. Treatment is most effective when the concentration of its active metabolite, dimethadione, is above 700 µg/mL. Severe adverse reactions are possible, including Steven Johnson syndrome, nephrotoxicity, hepatitis, aplastic anemia, neutropenia, or agranulocytosis. More common adverse effects include drowsiness, hemeralopia, and hiccups.

It is a phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. It has a role as an intravenous anaesthetic, a sedative, a radical scavenger, an antiemetic and an anticonvulsant.

It is a saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is an analogue of morpholine where the oxygen atom is replaced by sulfur. It is a saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent and a member of thiomorpholines.

It is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is estrane containing a double bond between positions 4 and 5 and substituted by an ethyl group and a hydroxy group at the 17alpha and 17beta positions, respectively. It is an anabolic steroid that has little androgenic effect and only slight progestational activity. It has been used to promote growth in boys with delayed bone growth. It has a role as an anabolic agent. It is a tertiary alcohol and a 17beta-hydroxy steroid.

It is an isothiocyanate.

It is a choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function. It has a role as a neurotransmitter, a nutrient, a human metabolite, a plant metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and an allergen.

It is a natural product found in Echinopora lamellosa with data available.

It is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.

It is an organic compound with the formula CHCOCH=CH. This colorless liquid is the precursor to polyvinyl acetate, ethene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, and other important industrial polymers.

It or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is a derivative of benzene with three methyl substituents positioned symmetrically around the ring. The other two isomeric trimethylbenzenes are 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene) and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene (hemimellitene). All three compounds have the formula CH(CH), which is commonly abbreviated CHMe. It is a colorless liquid with sweet aromatic odor. It is a component of coal tar, which is its traditional source. It is a precursor to diverse fine chemicals. The mesityl group (Mes) is a substituent with the formula CHMe and is found in various other compounds.

It is a natural product found in Angelica gigas, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and other organisms with data available.

It is a piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy. It has a role as a GABA reuptake inhibitor and an anticonvulsant. It is a piperidinemonocarboxylic acid, a beta-amino acid, a member of thiophenes and a tertiary amino compound. It is functionally related to a (R)-nipecotic acid. It is a conjugate base of a tiagabine(1+).

It (trade name Gabitril) is an anticonvulsant medication produced by Cephalon that is used in the treatment of epilepsy. The drug is also used off-label in the treatment of anxiety disorders and panic disorder.

It is a dioxolane.

It is a monoterpenoid.