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It (also known as diphenyl, phenylbenzene, 1,1′-biphenyl, lemonene or BP) is an organic compound that forms colorless crystals. Particularly in older literature, compounds containing the functional group consisting of biphenyl less one hydrogen (the site at which it is attached) may use the prefixes xenyl or diphenylyl. It has a distinctively pleasant smell. It is an aromatic hydrocarbon with a molecular formula (CH). It is notable as a starting material for the production of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which were once widely used as dielectric fluids and heat transfer agents. It is also an intermediate for the production of a host of other organic compounds such as emulsifiers, optical brighteners, crop protection products, and plastics. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in typical organic solvents. The biphenyl molecule consists of two connected phenyl rings.

It is a benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of two benzene rings connected by a single covalent bond. It occurs naturally in coal tar, crude oil, and natural gas. Formerly used as a fungicide for citrus crops. It has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative and an antifungal agrochemical. It is a member of benzenes, an aromatic fungicide and a member of biphenyls.

It is a member of indoles.

It is a monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It has a role as an alkylating agent, a carcinogenic agent, an antineoplastic agent, an immunosuppressive agent and a drug allergen. It is a nitrogen mustard, an organochlorine compound, an aromatic amine, a tertiary amino compound and a monocarboxylic acid.

It is an organic heterotricyclic compound that is the toxic principle in Laburnum seeds and is found in many members of the Fabaceae (legume, pea or bean) family. An acetylcholine agonist, it is widely used throughout Eastern Europe as an aid to giving up smoking. It has a role as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, a phytotoxin and a plant metabolite. It is an alkaloid, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a secondary amino compound, a lactam and a bridged compound.

It is a member of the class of isoxazoles that is isoxazole which is substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by phenyl, p-sulfamoylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2-inhibitor, it used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for the treatment of arthritis from 2001 until 2005, when it was withdrawn following concerns of an associated increased risk of heart attack and stroke. It has a role as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a non-narcotic analgesic, an antirheumatic drug and an antipyretic. It is a member of isoxazoles and a sulfonamide.

It is a natural product found in Annona cherimola with data available.

It is an N-alkylpiperazine carrying (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and 4-tert-butylbenzyl groups. It has a role as an antiemetic, a cholinergic antagonist, a histamine antagonist, a local anaesthetic and a central nervous system depressant. It is a N-alkylpiperazine and a member of monochlorobenzenes. It is a conjugate base of a buclizine(2+).

It is a natural product found in Apis cerana with data available.

It is a tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It has a role as a NMDA receptor antagonist, a H1-receptor antagonist, an antiparkinson drug, a parasympatholytic, a muscle relaxant, a muscarinic antagonist and an antidyskinesia agent. It is a tertiary amino compound and an ether.

It is an acyl halide.

It is a thio-fatty acid that is reduced form of lipoic acid. A potent antioxidant shown to directly destroy superoxide, hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals; also has neuroprotective and anti-tumour effects. It has a role as a neuroprotective agent, an antioxidant and a human metabolite. It is functionally related to an octanoic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a dihydrolipoate.

It () is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type first prepared by Claes Tegner and Nils Löfgren. In its injectable form (trade name Citanest), it is often used in dentistry. It is also often combined with lidocaine as a topical preparation for dermal anesthesia (lidocaine/prilocaine or EMLA), for treatment of conditions like paresthesia. As it has low cardiac toxicity, it is commonly used for intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA).

It (brand name Parkinsan) is an antiparkinson agent marketed for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. While its exact mechanism of action is not well characterized, it is believed to be an NMDA receptor antagonist, but also promoting the synthesis of dopamine. Because it provides additional benefits relative to existing treatments, it probably does not precisely mimic the mechanism of an existing known treatment.

It is a putative cognition-enhancing drug with a novel mechanism of action. It blocks the KCNQ2\3 heteromer M current with an IC50 of 2.4 micromolar disinhibiting acetylcholine release, and increasing hippocampal CA3-schaffer collateral mediated glutamate release onto CA1 pyramidal neurons. In a murine model linopirdine is able to nearly completely reverse the senescence-related decline in cortical c-FOS, an effect which is blocked by atropine and MK-801, suggesting It can compensate for the age related decline in acetylcholine release. It also blocks homomeric KCNQ1 and KCNQ4 voltage gated potassium channels which contribute to vascular tone with substantially less selectivity than KCNQ2/3. It also acts as a glycine receptor antagonist in concentrations typical for Kv7 studies in the brain.

It is a member of piperidines.

It is a member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. It has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.

It, sold under the brand name Visken among others, is a nonselective beta blocker which is used in the treatment of hypertension. It is also an antagonist of the serotonin 5-HT receptor, preferentially blocking inhibitory 5-HT autoreceptors, and has been researched as an add-on therapy to various antidepressants, such as clomipramine and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), in the treatment of depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid having a 3beta- (21alpha-) hydroxy-substituted gammacerane structure. It derives from a hydride of a gammacerane.

It is a member of the class of pyrroles carrying chloro and 3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite and an antifungal drug. It is a member of pyrroles, a member of monochlorobenzenes, a C-nitro compound and an alkaloid.

It, sold under the brand name Imitrex among others, is a medication used to treat migraine headaches and cluster headaches. It is taken orally, intranasally, or by subcutaneous injection. Therapeutic effects generally occur within three hours. Its primary effect as a serotonin 5-HT1B/5-HT1D receptor agonist can create common side effects such as chest pressure, fatigue, vomiting, tingling, and vertigo. Serious side effects may include serotonin syndrome, heart attacks, strokes, and seizures. With excessive use, medication overuse headaches may occur. It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. The mechanism of action is not entirely clear. It is in the triptan class of medications. It was patented in 1982 and approved for medical use in 1991. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 109th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 5million prescriptions. It is also available as the combination product sumatriptan/naproxen.

It is a member of barbiturates.

It (DMT) is an organic compound with the formula CH(COOCH). It is the diester formed from terephthalic acid and methanol. It is a white solid that melts to give a distillable colourless liquid.

It, also known as Lauths violet, is the salt of a heterocyclic compound. It was firstly synthesised by Charles Lauth. A variety of salts are known including the chloride and acetate, called respectively thionine chloride and thionine acetate. The dye is structurally related to methylene blue, which also features a phenothiazine core. The dyes name is frequently misspelled with omission of the e, and is not to be confused with the plant protein thionin. The -ine ending indicates that the compound is an amine.

It, sold under the brand name Inderal among others, is a medication of the beta blocker class. It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors, as well to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks. It can be taken orally (by mouth) or by intravenous injection (injection into a vein). The formulation that is taken orally (by mouth) comes in short-acting and long-acting versions. It appears in the blood after 30 minutes and has a maximum effect between 60 and 90 minutes when taken orally. Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation. It may worsen the symptoms of asthma. It may cause harmful effects for the baby if taken during pregnancy. Its use during breastfeeding is probably safe. It is a non-selective beta blocker which works by blocking β-adrenergic receptors. It was patented in 1962 and approved for medical use in 1964. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2021, it was the 91st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 7million prescriptions.

It is a member of the class of pyranoindolizinoquinolines that is the carbamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of [1,4'-bipiperidine]-1'-carboxylic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of (4S)-4,11-diethyl-4,9-dihydroxy-1H-pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolizino[1,2- hydrochloride]quinoline-3,14-dione. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride salt trihydrate) in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin, for the treatment of patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas after disease progression following gemcitabine-based therapy. It is converted via hydrolysis of the carbamate linkage to its active metabolite, SN-38, which is ~1000 times more active. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer, an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor, an antineoplastic agent and a prodrug. It is a pyranoindolizinoquinoline, a N-acylpiperidine, a carbamate ester, a tertiary alcohol, a tertiary amino compound, a delta-lactone and a ring assembly. It is functionally related to a SN-38. It is a conjugate base of an irinotecan(1+).

It is ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension. It has a role as a serotonergic agonist, a non-narcotic analgesic, a vasoconstrictor agent, a dopamine agonist and a sympatholytic agent. It is an ergot alkaloid and a semisynthetic derivative.

It (i.e. Bz, systematically known as 1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-dione) is the organic compound with the formula (CHCO), generally abbreviated (PhCO). This yellow solid is one of the most common diketones. Its main use is as a photoinitiator in polymer chemistry.

It, sold under the brand name Bonine, among others, is an antihistamine used to treat motion sickness and dizziness (vertigo). It is taken by mouth. Effects generally begin in an hour and last for up to a day. Common side effects include sleepiness and dry mouth. Serious side effects may include allergic reactions. Use in pregnancy appears safe, but has not been well studied; use in breastfeeding is of unclear safety. It is believed to work in part by anticholinergic and antihistamine mechanisms. It was patented in 1951 and came into medical use in 1953. It is available as a generic medication and often over the counter. In 2021, it was the 136th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4million prescriptions.

It is an aromatic ether.

It is a herbicide of the acetanilide class. It is used as a selective pre-emergent herbicide. It is extensively used in India in the form of granules in rice as post emergence herbicide.

It is a ketoheptose phosphate consisting of sedoheptulose having a phosphate group at the 7-position. It is an intermediate metabolite in the pentose phosphate pathway. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a sedoheptulose derivative and a ketoheptose phosphate. It is functionally related to a sedoheptulose. It is a conjugate acid of a sedoheptulose 7-phosphate(2-).

It is a carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an alkylating agent and a radiation protective agent. It is a carbamate ester, a 17beta-hydroxy steroid and an organochlorine compound. It is functionally related to a 17beta-estradiol.

It (TDN) is an aroma compound present in wine, particularly aged Rieslings. Chemically, it is classified as a 13C-norisoprenoid, as it has thirteen carbon atoms, and is derived from an isoprenoid by the loss of methylene groups. In wines, TDN is generally considered to contribute to a desirable aroma in low concentrations, but an undesirable aroma in higher concentrations. The aroma is commonly described as a petrol note or by the French term goût de pétrole. TDN is believed to be a degradation product of β-carotene and lutein. TDN can also by synthesized in the laboratory from either of the ionones, α-ionone or β-ionone.

It is an oxazolobenzodiazepine and a hemiaminal ether.

It is a natural product found in Trypanosoma brucei with data available.

It is an alkaloid with chemical formula . It is a zwitterion formed by the methylation of the nitrogen atom of niacin (vitamin B). It is a product of niacin metabolism that is excreted in the urine of mammals. It occurs in many plants. It has been isolated from the Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus cv. Sakurajima Daikon), fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum, hence the name), garden peas, hemp seed, oats, potatoes, Stachys species, dahlia, Strophanthus species, and Dichapetalum cymosum. It is also found in coffee. Higher levels of trigonelline are found in arabica coffee. Holtz, Kutscher, and Theilmann have recorded its presence in a number of animals.

It is an alkane.

It (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) is a selective herbicide used for control of broadleaf weeds, especially thistles and clovers. It is in the picolinic acid family of herbicides, which also includes aminopyralid, picloram, triclopyr, and several less common herbicides. For control of creeping thistle, Cirsium arvense, a noxious, perennial weed, clopyralid is one of the few effective herbicides available. It is particularly damaging to peas, tomatoes, and sunflowers, and can render potatoes, lettuce, and spinach inedible. It does not affect grasses (family Poaceae). It is known for its ability to persist in dead plants and compost, and has accumulated to phytotoxic levels in finished compost in a few highly publicized cases. This first came to light in Washington, when during 2000 and 2001, residues of clopyralid were detected in commercial compost, and compost made at a municipal site damaged tomatoes and other garden plants planted in it. Word quickly spread to other local and state governments, and in 2002, DowAgro, the manufacturer of clopyralid, voluntarily deregistered it for use on domestic lawns in the US and it is banned in several US states, but it is found in consumer products in Europe such as Scotts Verdone Extra and Vitax Lawn Clear 2. It is licensed for lawn use in France and under these names: Bayer Jardin: Désherbant jeune gazon and Scanner Sélectif gazon Vilmorin: désherbant Gazon LONPAR. Brand names of clopyralid in the US market include Stinger, Transline, Reclaim, Curtail, Confront, Clopyr AG, Lontrel, Millennium Ultra, Millenium Ultra Plus and Redeem.

It is an ester with the molecular formula CHO. It is mainly used as a solvent for resins, polymers, fats and oils. It is also used as a paint additive to improve its dispersion on a surface. It is also used as a flavoring because of its fruity odor, and it is naturally present in many fruits (such as apples and plums) as well as alcoholic beverages.

It (Clofekton, Padrasen), also known as 3-chlorocarpipramine, is an atypical antipsychotic of the class which was introduced in Japan in 1974 by Yoshitomi for the treatment of schizophrenia. In addition to psychosis, clocapramine has also been used to augment antidepressants in the treatment of anxiety and panic. It has been reported to act as an antagonist of the D, 5-HT, α-adrenergic, and α-adrenergic receptors, and does not inhibit the reuptake of either serotonin or norepinephrine. It has also been shown to have affinity for SIGMAR1. Its affinity for the 5-HT receptor is greater than that for the D receptor and it has a lower propensity for inducing extrapyramidal symptoms compared to typical antipsychotics, thus underlying its atypical' nature.

It (; Emethibutin) is an opioid analgesic drug from the thiambutene family, around 1.3x the potency of morphine. It is under international control under Schedule I of the UN Single Convention On Narcotic Drugs 1961, presumably due to high abuse potential. It is a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States with a DEA ACSCN of 9623 and zero annual manufacturing quota as of 2013.

It is an N-sulfonylurea that is N-carbamoyl-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the non-sulfonylated nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group. A herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds in wheat, barley and oats. It has a role as an agrochemical, a herbicide and an EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor. It is a N-sulfonylurea, a member of monochlorobenzenes and a methoxy-1,3,5-triazine.

It is a sesquiterpene lactone that is 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 4a and 8 and a methylidene group at position 3 (the 3aS,4S,4aR,7aR,8R,9aR stereoisomer). It has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, an antineoplastic agent, a plant metabolite and a metabolite. It is a gamma-lactone, a cyclic ketone, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a sesquiterpene lactone and a secondary alcohol.

It is a dimethoxybenzene.

It is a N-acylurea.

It, sold under the brand name Phtorazisin, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) of the phenothiazine group which is or was marketed in Russia. Unlike other phenothiazines, fluacizine is not an antipsychotic, and can actually reverse catalepsy and extrapyramidal symptoms induced by antidopaminergic agents like antipsychotics, reserpine, and tetrabenazine as well as potentiate amphetamine-induced stereotypy. It is known to act as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, antihistamine, and anticholinergic. The drug was developed in the 1960s and was marketed in the 1970s. It is the trifluoromethyl analogue of chloracizine.

It, POA, is a white solid with the formula of CHO. Although not itself usefully active as an herbicide, it forms the part-structure of many phenoxy herbicide derivatives including MCPA and 2,4-D.

It is a peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10. It has a role as a non-narcotic analgesic, a vasoconstrictor agent, a serotonergic agonist, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, a mycotoxin and an oxytocic. It is a conjugate base of an ergotamine(1+).

It (codenamed SL-82.0715) is an NMDA antagonist drug candidate which selectively inhibits the NR2B (GLUN2B) subtype NMDA receptor at submicromolar concentrations. It failed a Phase III clinical trial for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in 1996, sponsored by Synthélabo Recherche. NMDA receptors are a key component in mediating glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, and it is believed that NMDA antagonists would be neuroprotective after a stroke or other traumatic brain injury. After a traumatic brain injury, neurons become deprived of glucose and oxygen. These neurons quickly lose ATP and become depolarized, which releases glutamate. The extracellular buildup of glutamate triggers the overstimulation of AMPA and NMDA receptors. This, in turn, causes an influx of Na and Ca. Therefore, when NMDA receptors are activated, there is an increase in intracellular Ca concentration. High Ca causes fatal metabolic consequences, including neuronal cell death.

It is a fibrate. It is a derivative of clofibrate. In the body it is converted into 4-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (clofibric acid), which is the true hypolipidemic agent. So clofibride, just like clofibrate is a prodrug of clofibric acid.

It is a monocarboxylic acid.

It is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula . It is non-polar. It is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used). It is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon. Cyclohexyl () is the alkyl substituent of cyclohexane and is abbreviated Cy.

It is a natural product found in Gymnodinium nagasakiense, Zingiber mioga, and other organisms with data available.

It is a natural product found in Angelica gigas, Zea mays, and Daucus carota with data available.

It is an ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon that is a major component of fossil fuels and their derivatives It is an ortho-fused polycyclic arene and an ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon.

It mesylate (Tornalate) is a short-acting β adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and COPD. In these disorders there is a narrowing of the airways (bronchi and their ramifications) that carry air to the lungs. Muscle spasm and inflammation within the bronchi worsen this narrowing. It relaxes the smooth muscles present continuously around the bronchi and bronchioles facilitating the flow of air through them. It is a prodrug of colterol. It has a rapid onset of action (2–5 minutes) and may last up to 6–8 hours. The drug, alone or in co-administration with theophylline, doesn't show cardiotoxic effect. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved bitolterol in December 1984. The drug was withdrawn from the market by Élan Pharmaceuticals in 2001.

It is a nitrile.

It is a steroid acid ester, a methyl ester, an oxaspiro compound, a gamma-lactone, an organic heteropentacyclic compound, a 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid and an epoxy steroid. It has a role as an aldosterone antagonist and an antihypertensive agent. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.

It is a dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 3. It is structurally similar to caffeine and is found in green and black tea. It has a role as a vasodilator agent, a bronchodilator agent, a muscle relaxant, an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor, an anti-asthmatic drug, an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunomodulator, an adenosine receptor antagonist, a drug metabolite, a fungal metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite.

It is a member of cyclohexenones.

It is an ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene.

It is the ISO common name for an organic compound used as a broad-spectrum herbicide. It acts by inhibiting the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase. It was first marketed in the US in 1997 by FMC Corporation with the brand name Authority.

It is a member of the class of triazoles that is 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3, and 4 by 2,4-dichloro-5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl, methyl, and difluoromethyl groups, respectively. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide to control broad-leaved weeds in soya and tobacco crops. Not approved for use within the European Union. It has a role as an EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor, a herbicide and an agrochemical. It is a sulfonamide, a dichlorobenzene, an organofluorine compound and a member of triazoles.

It is a natural product found in Phycomyces blakesleeanus, Galium mollugo, and other organisms with data available.

It is a pheromone released by the female silkworm moth to attract mates. It is also the sex pheromone in the wild silk moth (Bombyx mandarina). Discovered by Adolf Butenandt in 1959, it was the first pheromone to be characterized chemically. Minute quantities of this pheromone can be used per acre of land to confuse male insects about the location of their female partners. It can thus serve as a lure in traps to remove insects effectively without spraying crops with large amounts of pesticides. Butenandt named the substance after the moths Latin name Bombyx mori.' In vivo it appears that bombykol is the natural ligand for a pheromone binding protein, BmorPBP, which escorts the pheromone to the pheromone receptor.

It (developmental code name BS-749), also known as 3-hydroxyacetanilide and AMAP, is a non-toxic regioisomer of paracetamol with analgesic and antipyretic properties, but has never been marketed as a drug. It is known to have several polymorphs. Form II is metastable, while form I is stable. It polymorph II transforms to form I upon water moisture or direct contact with water and other popular solvents. It II form may be obtained on cooling in narrow temperature regime.

It is a protoberberine alkaloid found in some plant species, such as Enantia chlorantha (Annonaceae). Synonyms that may be encountered include jateorrhizine, neprotin, jatrochizine, jatrorhizine, and yatrorizine.

It is the organic compound with the formula CHClCOCl. It is the acyl chloride of dichloroacetic acid. It is a colourless liquid and is used in acylation reactions.

It is a bromine oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a hypobromite.

It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5. It has a role as a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and an anxiolytic drug. It is a 1,4-benzodiazepinone and an organochlorine compound.

It is a natural product found in Aspergillus iizukae, Silybum eburneum, and other organisms with data available.

It is an aporphine alkaloid.

It is an imidazolidine-2,4-dione.

It is a natural product found in Glycine max, Saussurea involucrata, and other organisms with data available.

It is a stilbenoid and a hemisuccinate.

It is a polyketide.

It is a potent synthetic piperidine opioid primarily used as an analgesic. It is 50 times more potent than heroin and 100 times more potent than morphine; its primary clinical utility is in pain management for cancer patients and those recovering from painful surgeries. It is also used as a sedative. Depending on the method of delivery, fentanyl can be very fast acting and ingesting a relatively small quantity can cause overdose. It works by activating μ-opioid receptors. It is sold under the brand names Actiq, Duragesic and Sublimaze, among others. Pharmaceutical fentanyls adverse effects are identical to those of other narcotic opioids, including addiction, confusion, respiratory depression (which, if extensive and untreated, may lead to arrest), drowsiness, nausea, visual disturbances, dyskinesia, hallucinations, delirium, a subset of the latter known as "narcotic delirium", narcotic ileus, muscle rigidity, constipation, loss of consciousness, hypotension, coma, and death. Alcohol and other drugs (e.g., cocaine and heroin) can synergistically exacerbate fentanyls side effects. Naloxone (also known as Narcan) can reverse the effects of an opioid overdose; however, because fentanyl is so potent, multiple doses might be necessary. It was first synthesized by Paul Janssen in 1959 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1968. In 2015, were used in healthcare globally. , fentanyl was the most widely used synthetic opioid in medicine; in 2019, it was the 278th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than a million prescriptions. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It continues to fuel an epidemic of synthetic opioid drug overdose deaths in the United States. From 2011 to 2021, prescription opioid deaths per year remained stable, while synthetic opioid deaths per year increased from 2,600 overdoses to 70,601. Since 2018, fentanyl and its analogues have been responsible for most drug overdose deaths in the United States, causing over 71,238 deaths in 2021. It constitutes the majority of all drug overdose deaths in the United States since it overtook heroin in 2018. The United States National Forensic Laboratory estimates fentanyl reports by federal, state, and local forensic laboratories increased from 4,697 reports in 2014 to 117,045 reports in 2020. It is often mixed, cut, or ingested alongside other drugs, including cocaine and heroin. It has been reported in pill form, including pills mimicking pharmaceutical drugs such as oxycodone. Mixing with other drugs or disguising as a pharmaceutical makes it difficult to determine the correct treatment in the case of an overdose, resulting in more deaths. In an attempt to reduce the number of overdoses from taking other drugs mixed with fentanyl, drug testing kits, strips and labs are available. It's ease of manufacture and high potency makes it easier to produce and smuggle, resulting in fentanyl replacing other abused narcotics and becoming more widely used.

(S)-anabasine is the (S)-enantiomer of anabasine.

It is a member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, trifluoromethyl and p-tolyl groups, respectively. A cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, it is used in the treatment of arthritis. It has a role as a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a geroprotector, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a non-narcotic analgesic. It is a member of toluenes, a sulfonamide, a member of pyrazoles and an organofluorine compound.

It (as the sodium salt, originally marketed by Eli Lilly and Company for the treatment of insomnia, and subsequently by other companies as described below, under the brand name Seconal) is a short-acting barbiturate derivative drug that was patented in 1934 in the United States. It possesses anaesthetic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, and hypnotic properties. In the United Kingdom, it was known as quinalbarbitone. It is the most frequently used drug in physician-assisted suicide within the United States. It is considered to be an obsolete sedative-hypnotic (sleeping pill), and as a result, it has largely been replaced by the benzodiazepine family. Seconal was widely abused, known on the street as "red devils" or "reds".

It is a diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure. It has a role as an antihypertensive agent, a sympatholytic agent, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a beta-adrenergic antagonist. It contains a (R,R)-labetalol, a (S,S)-labetalol, a (R,S)-labetolol and a (S,R)-labetolol.

It is a natural product found in Brassica oleracea, Homo sapiens, and other organisms with data available.

It is a dibenzooxazepine.

It is 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. It has a role as an EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor and an antiviral drug.

It (PSE) is a sympathomimetic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It may be used as a nasal/sinus decongestant, as a stimulant, or as a wakefulness-promoting agent in higher doses. It was first characterized in 1889 by the German chemists Ladenburg and Oelschlägel, who used a sample that had been isolated from Ephedra vulgaris by the Merck pharmaceutical corporation of Darmstadt, Germany. The salts pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine sulfate are found in over-the-counter preparations, either as a single ingredient or (more commonly) in a fixed-dose combination with one or more additional active ingredients such as antihistamines, guaifenesin, dextromethorphan, paracetamol (acetaminophen), or an NSAID (such as aspirin or ibuprofen).

It is an organosulfur compound with the formula CH(SH)(NH). It is a colorless oily solid, although impure samples can be deeply colored. It is soluble in organic solvents and in basic water. It is a precursor to benzothiazoles, some of which are bioactive or are commercial dyes. Isomers of aminothiophenols include 3-aminothiophenol and 4-aminothiophenol. It can prepared in two steps, starting with the reaction of aniline with carbon disulfide followed by hydrolysis of the resulting mercaptobenzothiazole. It can also obtained by zinc reduction of 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride.

It is an amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group. It has a role as a chelator. It is a glycine derivative, an amino dicarboxylic acid and a non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid. It is a conjugate acid of an iminodiacetate.

It, commonly called cuprous chloride, is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. The substance is a white solid sparingly soluble in water, but very soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Impure samples appear green due to the presence of copper(II) chloride (CuCl).

It (INN, also known as eticlordifene) is an antiprotozoal drug used in the treatment of amoebiasis. Its effect against Giardia lamblia has been described as modest.

It is a bio-active isolate from roots of Platycodon grandiflorus. It has been studied in vitro for its potential human spermicidal effects and its potential anti-inflammatory properties.

It is a benzoate ester.

It is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon.

It or Freon 31 is the hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) with the formula CHClF. It is a colorless, odorless, flammable gas. It is a class II ozone depleting substance and in accordance with the montreal protocol, its production and import were banned on 1 January 2015.

It is an indolequinone, a chemical compound found in the oxidative browning reaction of fruits like bananas where it is mediated by the tyrosinase type polyphenol oxidase from tyrosine and catecholamines leading to the formation of catechol melanin. Like many quinones it can undergo redox reactions via the corresponding 5,6-dihydroxyindole.

5-hydroxyferulic acid is ferulic acid in which the ring hydrogen at position 5 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a methoxycinnamic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a 5-hydroxyferulate.

It, commonly also known by its anionic form prephenate, is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, as well as of a large number of secondary metabolites of the shikimate pathway. It is biosynthesized by a [3,3]-sigmatropic Claisen rearrangement of chorismate.

It, sold under the brand name Detrol among others, is a medication used to treat frequent urination, urinary incontinence, or urinary urgency. Effects are seen within an hour. It is taken by mouth. Common side effects include headache, dry mouth, constipation, and dizziness. Serious side effects may include angioedema, urinary retention, and QT prolongation. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding are of unclear safety. It works by blocking muscarinic receptors in the bladder thus decreasing bladder contractions. It was approved for medical use in 1998. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 271st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1million prescriptions.

It is a pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. It has a role as a metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is functionally related to a uracil. It is a conjugate acid of an orotate.

It is a member of benzenes.

It is a natural product found in Laurencia and Chondrophycus cartilagineus with data available.

It is an organonitrogen heterocyclic compound, an oxacycle and an organic heterotricyclic compound.

It is a macrotriolide produced by certain members of Enterobacteriaceae, e.g. Escherichia coli and Salmonella. It has a role as a bacterial metabolite and a siderophore. It is a crown compound, a member of catechols, a polyphenol and a macrotriolide. It is a conjugate acid of an enterobactin(6-) and an enterobactin(1-).

It is a methanesulfonate ester that is butane-1,4-diol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups are replaced by methanesulfonyl groups. An alkylating antineoplastic agent, it is used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (although it has been largely replaced by newer drugs). It is also used as an insect sterilant. It has a role as an insect sterilant, an antineoplastic agent, a teratogenic agent, a carcinogenic agent and an alkylating agent. It is functionally related to a butane-1,4-diol.

It is a diarylmethane.

It is a xanthene dye. It has a role as a fluorochrome. It is functionally related to a fluoran.

It is an ortho-fused polycyclic arene found commonly in the coal tar. It has a role as a plant metabolite.

It is a kanamycin that is kanamycin B bearing an N-(2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group on the aminocyclitol ring. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, a protein synthesis inhibitor, an antibacterial agent and an antibacterial drug. It is a member of kanamycins and an aminoglycoside. It is functionally related to a kanamycin B.

It is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Zea mays, and other organisms with data available.

It is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Glycine max, and other organisms with data available.

It is a natural product found in Uncaria tomentosa, Crotalaria emarginella, and other organisms with data available.

It is a natural product found in Hordeum vulgare, Pinus hartwegii, and other organisms with data available.

It, sold under the tradename Trobicin among others, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of gonorrhea infections. It is given by injection into a muscle. Common side effects include pain at the area of injection, rash, nausea, fever, and trouble sleeping. Severe allergic reactions may occasionally occur. It is generally safe to use during pregnancy. It may be used by those who are allergic to penicillin or cephalosporins. It is in the aminocyclitol class of drugs and works by stopping the making of protein by certain bacteria. It was discovered in 1961. It is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines. It is not available in the United States for human use. It is made from the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis'.

It is an allelopathic chemical that is produced by the Ailanthus altissima tree which inhibits the growth of other plants.

It is a member of phenanthrenes.

It is a natural product found in Taiwanofungus camphoratus and Glycyrrhiza glabra with data available.

It (trigonellamide) is a prototypic organic cation. It is the methylated amide of Nicotinamide (niacinamide, vitamin B). It is an endogenic substance that is produced in the liver when Nicotinamide is metabolized. It is a typical substance secreted in the kidney.

It is a natural product found in Brassica napus with data available.

It is a tertiary phosphine.

It (triacetyl-6-azauridine) is a drug which was developed for the treatment of psoriasis, and also has anti-cancer and antiviral actions. It is a prodrug which is metabolised to the nucleoside analogue 6-azauridine in the body. It was approved for clinical use in treatment of psoriasis, but subsequently withdrawn because of toxicity issues, however it continues to be researched as a potential agent for the treatment of emerging viral diseases.

It is a natural product found in Gymnospermium albertii, Sophora macrocarpa, and other organisms with data available.

It is a carbamate ester and a member of benzodioxoles. It has a role as an EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor, a carbamate insecticide and an agrochemical. It is functionally related to a methylcarbamic acid.

It is a member of tetralins.

It (Serentil) is a phenothiazine class drug that is used in the treatment of schizophrenia. It is one of the active metabolites of thioridazine. The drug's name is derived from the methylsulfoxy and piperidine functional groups in its chemical structure. It has central antiadrenergic, antidopaminergic, antiserotonergic and weak muscarinic anticholinergic effects. Serious side effects include akathisia, tardive dyskinesia and the potentially fatal neuroleptic malignant syndrome. It was withdrawn from the United States market in 2004 due to dangerous side effects, namely irregular heart beat and QT-prolongation of the electrocardiogram. It currently appears to be unavailable worldwide.

It is a member of indoles.

It is a 17beta-hydroxy steroid and a terminal acetylenic compound. It has a role as an anti-estrogen, an estrogen antagonist and a geroprotector. It derives from a hydride of a pregnane.

It (Myleran, GlaxoSmithKline, Busulfex IV, Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc.) is a chemotherapy drug in use since 1959. It is a cell cycle non-specific alkylating antineoplastic agent, in the class of alkyl sulfonates. Its chemical designation is 1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate.

It is a calcium channel blocker. It is also known as desmethoxyverapamil, which is a phenylalkylamine (PAA) derivative. It not only inhibits by blocking the calcium gated channels, but also by depolarizing the membrane during the sodium-potassium exchanges.

It is a member of amphetamines.

It is a member of phenanthridines.

It is a carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol. It has a role as a parasympatholytic, a muscarinic antagonist and an antispasmodic drug. It is a member of piperidines, a member of flavones, a carboxylic ester and a tertiary amino compound. It is functionally related to a 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid and a 2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethanol. It is a conjugate base of a flavoxate(1+).

It is an anticholinergic with antimuscarinic effects. Its muscle relaxant properties may be due to a direct action on the smooth muscle rather than by antagonizing muscarinic receptors.

It is a quinolizidine alkaloid.

It is a member of carbazoles.

It is a semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6. It has a role as an antibacterial agent and an antibacterial drug. It is a semisynthetic derivative, a penicillin allergen and a penicillin. It is functionally related to an oxacillin. It is a conjugate acid of a cloxacillin(1-).

It is a phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of isobutanol. It has a role as a plasticiser, a teratogenic agent and a PPAR modulator. It is a phthalate ester and a diester. It is functionally related to an isobutanol.

It is an alkaloid of the ergoline family that occurs as a minor constituent in some species of fungi (most within Claviceps), and in the morning glory family of plants (Convolvulaceae), including the hallucinogenic seeds of Rivea corymbosa (ololiuhqui), Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian baby woodrose) and Ipomoea violacea. It is not a controlled substance in the USA. Its possession and sale is also legal under the U.S. Federal Analog Act because it does not have a known pharmacological action or a precursor relationship to LSD, which is a controlled substance. However, lysergol is an intermediate in the manufacture of some ergoloid medicines (e.g., nicergoline). It can be synthesised using a tandem reaction to construct the piperidine skeleton and a rhodium-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation in the late-stage indole formation.

It is the tertiary alcohol arising from addition of water across the C=C double bond of citronellal. It has a role as an allergen and a fragrance. It is functionally related to a citronellal.

It is an indoloquinolizidine alkaloid and putative antipsychotic constituent of various plant species including Alstonia boonei, Catharanthus roseus, Picralima nitida, Rauwolfia caffra and Rauwolfia vomitoria. In preclinical studies alstonine attenuates MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion, working memory deficit and social withdrawal. It also possesses anxiolytic-like effects in preclinical studies, attenuates amphetamine-induced lethality and stereotypy as well as apomorphine-induced stereotypy, and attenuates haloperidol-induced catalepsy. These effects appear to be mediated by stimulation of the 5-HT receptor. In addition, alstonine, similarly to clozapine, indirectly inhibits the reuptake of glutamate in hippocampal slices. Unlike clozapine however, the effect of which is abolished by the D receptor agonist apomorphine, alstonine requires 5-HT and 5-HT receptors to produce this effect, as it is abolished by antagonists of these receptors. Also unlike clozapine, alstonine lacks pro-convulsant activity in mice.

It is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. It has a role as a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug, an antiemetic, a dopaminergic antagonist, an EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor and an anticoronaviral agent. It is a member of phenothiazines, an organochlorine compound and a tertiary amine.

It is an alkylamine.

It is a cycloalkane that is cyclohexane substituted by a single methyl group. It has a role as an aprotic solvent, a plant metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a cycloalkane and a volatile organic compound. It derives from a hydride of a cyclohexane.

It is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana with data available.

It is a member of bipyridines.

It is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery. It has a role as an antimicrobial agent, a photosensitizing agent and an antitubercular agent. It is a quinolone, a N-arylpiperazine, a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid, a quinolone antibiotic and a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

It, also called difluoromethylene, HFC-32 Methylene Fluoride or R-32, is an organic compound of the dihalogenoalkane variety. It has the formula of CHF. It is a colorless gas in the ambient atmosphere and is slightly soluble in the water, with a high thermal stability. Due to the low melting and boiling point, (-136.0 °C and -51.6 °C respectively) contact with this compound may result in frostbite. In the United States, the Clean Air Act Section 111 on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) has listed difluoromethane as an exception (since 1997) from the definition of VOC due to its low production of tropospheric ozone. It is commonly used in endothermic processes such as refrigeration or air conditioning.

It (rhodioloside) is a glucoside of tyrosol found in the plant Rhodiola rosea. It has been studied, along with rosavin, as one of the potential compounds responsible for the putative antidepressant and anxiolytic actions of this plant. It may be more active than rosavin, even though many commercially marketed Rhodiola rosea extracts are standardized for rosavin content rather than salidroside.

It (, ) is an organic compound, the naturally occurring achiral meso four-carbon sugar alcohol (or polyol). It is the reduced form of either D- or L-erythrose and one of the two reduced forms of erythrulose. It is used as a food additive and sugar substitute. It is synthesized from corn using enzymes and fermentation. Its formula is , or HO(CH)(CHOH)(CH)OH. It is 60–70% as sweet as sucrose (table sugar). However, erythritol is almost completely noncaloric, and does not affect blood sugar or cause tooth decay. Japanese companies pioneered the commercial development of erythritol as a sweetener in the 1990s.

It is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. It is most commonly used in dental procedures to numb the area around a tooth and is also used to reduce the pain of intramuscular injection of penicillin. Owing to the ubiquity of the trade name Novocain or Novocaine, in some regions, procaine is referred to generically as novocaine. It acts mainly as a sodium channel blocker. Today, it is used therapeutically in some countries due to its sympatholytic, anti-inflammatory, perfusion-enhancing, and mood-enhancing effects. It was first synthesized in 1905, shortly after amylocaine. It was created by the chemist Alfred Einhorn who gave the chemical the trade name Novocaine, from the Latin nov- (meaning "new") and -caine, a common ending for alkaloids used as anesthetics. It was introduced into medical use by surgeon Heinrich Braun. Prior to the discovery of amylocaine and procaine, cocaine was a commonly used local anesthetic. Einhorn wished his new discovery to be used for amputations, but for this surgeons preferred general anesthesia. Dentists, however, found it very useful.

It is a natural product found in Plumeria rubra, Daphne odora, and other organisms with data available.

It (1H-2-benzopyran-1-one; 3,4-benzo-2-pyrone) is a lactone, a type of natural organic compound.

It is a member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antilipemic drug, an immunosuppressive agent, an antihypertensive agent and an anti-allergic agent. It is a member of coumarins and an aromatic ether. It is functionally related to an esculetin.

It is a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline substituted by 2'-fluoro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl, methyl, carboxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6, respectively. It is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. The compound exhibits antineoplastic and antiviral properties. It has a role as an EC 1.3.5.2 [dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor, an immunosuppressive agent, an antineoplastic agent, an antiviral agent, a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, an anticoronaviral agent and an antimetabolite. It is a member of biphenyls, a member of monofluorobenzenes, a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid and a monocarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a brequinar(1-).

It is an L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. It has a role as an antiviral drug, a HIV protease inhibitor, an environmental contaminant and a xenobiotic. It is a member of 1,3-thiazoles, a L-valine derivative, a carbamate ester, a member of ureas and a carboxamide.

It is a primary nitroalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replace by a nitro group. A polar solvent (b.p. 101 ℃), it is an important starting material in organic synthesis. It is also used as a fuel for rockets and radio-controlled models. It has a role as an EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor, a polar aprotic solvent, an explosive and a NMR chemical shift reference compound. It is a primary nitroalkane and a volatile organic compound.

It or mescalin (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a naturally occurring psychedelic protoalkaloid of the substituted phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects comparable to those of LSD and psilocybin.

It, or fenopropathrin, is a widely used pyrethroid insecticide in agriculture and household. It is an ingestion and contact synthetic pyrethroid. Its mode of action is similar to other natural (pyrethrum) and synthetic pyrethroids where in they interfere with the kinetics of voltage gated sodium channels causing paralysis and death of the pest. It was the first of the light-stable synthetic pyrethroids to be synthesized in 1971, but it was not commercialized until 1980. Like other pyrethroids with an α-cyano group, fenpropathrin also belongs to the termed type II pyrethroids (e.g. cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and esfenvalerate). Type II pyrethroids are a more potent toxicant than type I in depolarizing insect nerves. Application rates of fenpropathrin in agriculture according to US environmental protection agency (EPA) varies by crop but is not to exceed 0.4 lb ai/[https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/059639-00035-20170919.pdf acre].

It is a labdane diterpenoid isolated from the Indian Coleus plant. It has a role as a plant metabolite, an anti-HIV agent, a protein kinase A agonist, an adenylate cyclase agonist, an antihypertensive agent and a platelet aggregation inhibitor. It is a labdane diterpenoid, an acetate ester, an organic heterotricyclic compound, a triol, a cyclic ketone and a tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone.

It is a cardiotonic drug. It has the chemical formula CHNOS and a molecular weight of 287.34 g/mol. It has been shown to improve cardiac index and reduce pulmonary capillary wedge pressure without significant changes in a person's heart rate or arterial pressure. It inhibits the A1 adenosine receptor and functionally blocks Gi, an inhibitory regulator. It is also a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. It is classified as an imidazopyridine and a sulfoxide. It can be taken intravenously or orally. Side effects from sulmazole include blurring vision and temporary color blindness.

It, or fertirelin acetate, sold under the brand name Ovalyse, is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) which has been marketed in the United Kingdom and Austria. It may no longer be available. It has been used in veterinary medicine. It may have been used in the treatment of sex hormone-dependent conditions and infertility in women. The drug was first introduced in 1981 in Japan to treat various kinds of ovarian failure in cattle. It is a synthetic peptide and GnRH analogue. It is used as the acetate salt.

It is an isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, a metabolite and an EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor.

It and its precursor limonene are naturally occurring monocyclic terpenes derived from the mevalonate pathway in plants. It can be found in the essential oils of various plants, such as lavender, lemongrass, sage, and peppermint. It has a number of manufacturing, household, and medical applications. For example, perillyl alcohol may be used as an ingredient in cleaning products and cosmetics. It has shown some antitumor activity in laboratory and animal studies. Perillyl Alcohol decrease production of proangiogenic growth factors VEGF and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in vitro. Mammals possess enzymes (P450, liver) to convert limonene to It. Limonene is formed from geranyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate pathway. Conversion of limonene to perillyl alcohol is done via hydroxylation by enzymes that belong to the superfamily of cytochrome P450 proteins. It can be further converted to perillaldehyde (perillyl aldehyde) and perillic acid. The name comes from the herb perilla.

It is a natural product found in Neurospora crassa with data available.

It is a pregnene (21-carbon) steroid hormone. It is a naturally-occurring corticosteroid metabolite that is also used as a pharmaceutical prodrug. Cortisol is converted by the action of the enzyme corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 into the inactive metabolite cortisone, particularly in the kidneys. This is done by oxidizing the alcohol group at carbon 11 (in the six-membered ring fused to the five-membered ring). It is converted back to the active steroid cortisol by stereospecific hydrogenation at carbon 11 by the enzyme 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, particularly in the liver. The term "cortisone" is frequently misused to mean either any corticosteroid or hydrocortisone, which is in fact cortisol. Many who speak of receiving a "cortisone shot" or taking "cortisone" are more likely receiving hydrocortisone or one of many other, much more potent synthetic corticosteroids. It can be administered as a prodrug, meaning it has to be converted by the body (specifically the liver, converting it into cortisol) after administration to be effective. It is used to treat a variety of ailments and can be administered intravenously, orally, intra-articularly (into a joint), or transcutaneously. It suppresses various elements of the immune system, thus reducing inflammation and attendant pain and swelling. Risks exist, in particular in the long-term use of cortisone. However, using cortisone only results in very mild activity, and very often more potent steroids are used instead.

It is a steroid saponin.

It is a phenolic natural product and a chemical compound related to acetophenone and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol. It was first described in relation to lignan/phenylpropanoid-type phytochemicals, with isolation from a variety of plant sources, in particular, in relation to wounding and other physiologic changes.

It (or manganic(VII) acid) is the inorganic compound with the formula HMnO. This strong oxoacid has been isolated as its dihydrate. It is the conjugate acid of permanganate salts. It is the subject of few publications and its characterization as well as its uses are very limited.

It (or amorolfin), is a morpholine antifungal drug that inhibits Δ-sterol reductase and cholestenol Δ-isomerase, which depletes ergosterol and causes ignosterol to accumulate in the fungal cytoplasmic cell membranes. Marketed as Curanail, Loceryl, Locetar, and Odenil, amorolfine is commonly available in the form of a nail lacquer, containing 5% amorolfine hydrochloride as the active ingredient. It is used to treat onychomycosis (fungal infection of the toe- and fingernails). It 5% nail lacquer in once-weekly or twice-weekly applications was shown in two decades-old studies to be between 60% and 71% effective in treating toenail onychomycosis; complete cure rates three months after stopping treatment (after six months of treatment) were 38% and 46%. However, full experimental details of these trials were not available, and since they were first reported in 1992 there have been no subsequent trials. It is a topical solution for the treatment of toenail infections. Systemic treatments may be considered more effective. It is approved for sale over-the-counter in Australia, Brazil, Russia, Germany, and the UK, and is approved for the treatment of toenail fungus by prescription in other countries. It is not approved for the treatment of onychomycosis in the United States or Canada. However, it can be ordered from there by mail from other countries.

It (INN, BAN; or mecamylamine hydrochloride (USAN); brand names Inversine, Vecamyl) is a non-selective, non-competitive antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that was introduced in the 1950s as an antihypertensive drug. In the United States, it was voluntarily withdrawn from the market in 2009 but was brought to market in 2013 as Vecamyl and eventually was marketed by Turing Pharmaceuticals. Chemically, mecamylamine is a secondary aliphatic amine, with a pK of 11.2

It is a pyridinium ion.

It is a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops. It has a role as a herbicide and a synthetic auxin. It is an aminopyridine, a pyridinemonocarboxylic acid, a chloropyridine and an organochlorine pesticide. It is functionally related to a picolinic acid.

It is a natural product found in Ecteinascidia turbinata with data available.

Palmityl palmitate is a palmitate ester resulting from the formal condensation of palmitic acid with palmityl alcohol. It is used as a thickener and emollient in cosmetics. It has a role as a metabolite. It is functionally related to a hexadecan-1-ol.

Hexadecyl hexadecanoate, also known as cetyl palmitate, is the ester derived from hexadecanoic acid and 1-hexadecanol. This white waxy solid is the primary constituent of spermaceti, the once highly prized wax found in the skull of sperm whales. It is a component of some solid lipid nanoparticles. Stony corals, which build the coral reefs, contain large amounts of cetyl palmitate wax in their tissues, which may function in part as an antifeedant.

It is a constituent of ginkgo and an amino acid. It is a derivative of kynurenic acid and has similarly been found to antagonize AMPA and NMDA, as well as their corresponding receptors.

It is an organooxygen compound and an organonitrogen compound. It is functionally related to an alpha-amino acid.

It is an oxopurine.

It is secondary metabolite secreted by the fungus Botrytis cinerea which is phytotoxic. Chemically it is a sesquiterpene. It was first isolated and described in 1974. B. cinerea is the causal agent of gray mold disease and is known to attack a wide range of plants (over 200 species) producing leaf-spot diseases and mildews on lettuces and tomatoes as well as rotting berries. For this reason, botrydial, as well as other B. cinerea originated sesquiterpene metabolites, represent an economically important disease for ornamental and agriculturally important crops. From all the metabolites produced by this fungus, It exhibits the highest phytotoxic activity.

It is a second-generation oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted at C-3 with a hydroxyethyl-substituted tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries 7alpha-methoxy and 7beta-{2-[(difluoromethyl)thiomethyl]acetamido} substituents. It has a role as an antibacterial drug. It is a N-acyl-amino acid, an oxacephem and an organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic.

It is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Basella alba, and other organisms with data available.

It is a tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7. It has a role as a volatile oil component, a plant metabolite, an anaesthetic and a vasodilator agent. It is a sesquiterpenoid, a carbotricyclic compound, a tertiary alcohol and an olefinic compound.

It is a 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. It has a role as an EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor.

It (INN, brand names: Baycol, Lipobay) is a synthetic member of the class of statins used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease. It was marketed by the pharmaceutical company Bayer A.G. in the late 1990s, competing with Pfizer's highly successful atorvastatin (Lipitor). It was voluntarily withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001, due to reports of fatal rhabdomyolysis. During postmarketing surveillance, 52 deaths were reported in patients using cerivastatin, mainly from rhabdomyolysis and its resultant kidney failure. Risks were higher in patients using fibrates, mainly gemfibrozil (Lopid), and in patients using the highest (0.8 mg/day) dose of cerivastatin. Bayer A.G. added a contraindication for the concomitant use of cerivastatin and gemfibrozil to the package 18 months after the drug interaction was found. The frequency of deadly cases of rhabdomyolysis with cerivastatin was 16 to 80 times higher than with other statins. Another 385 nonfatal cases of rhabdomyolysis were reported. This put the risk of this (rare) complication at 5-10 times that of the other statins. It also induced myopathy in a dose-dependent manner when administered as monotherapy, but that was revealed only after Bayer was sued and unpublished company documents were opened.

It is (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. It is a member of pyridines, a dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a statin (synthetic). It is a conjugate acid of a cerivastatin(1-).

It is a nitrogen oxoacid. It is a conjugate acid of a peroxynitrite.

It is a natural product found in Daphnia pulex, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with data available.

It is a natural product found in Chromobacterium violaceum with data available.

It is a member of cyclohexenones.

It is a member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl groups. It has a role as an acid-base indicator, a dye and a two-colour indicator. It is a 2,1-benzoxathiole, an arenesulfonate ester, an organobromine compound, a polyphenol and a sultone.

It (brand name Miradon) is a synthetic anticoagulant and an 1,3-indandione derivative. It prevents the formation of active procoagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as the anticoagulant proteins C and S, in the liver by inhibiting the vitamin K–mediated gamma-carboxylation of precursor proteins.

It is a phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group. It has a role as a flavouring agent, an insect attractant, a plant metabolite, a genotoxin and a carcinogenic agent. It is an alkenylbenzene, a monomethoxybenzene and a phenylpropanoid. It is functionally related to a chavicol.

It is the simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.

It is a natural product found in Rauvolfia serpentina, Rauvolfia biauriculata, and other organisms with data available.

It is an alkane.

It is an isoquinolinol that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7. It is present in the dopamine-rich areas of the human brain, including the substantia nigra. It has a role as a human metabolite, an animal metabolite, a marine metabolite and an apoptosis inducer. It is a conjugate base of a norsalsolinol(1+).

O-phospho-L-serine is the L-enantiomer of O-phosphoserine. It has a role as an EC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitor, a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, an EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitor, an EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an O-phosphonato-L-serine(2-). It is an enantiomer of an O-phospho-D-serine.

It is a diarylmethane.

It is a first-generation potassium channel blocker, sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic medication. This drug may be used in the management of type 2 diabetes if diet alone is not effective. It stimulates the secretion of insulin by the pancreas. It is not routinely used due to a higher incidence of adverse effects compared to newer, second-generation sulfonylureas, such as Glibenclamide. It generally has a short duration of action due to its rapid metabolism, so is safe for use in older people. It was discovered in 1956.

It is an organic compound with the formula (CH)(CO)NH. This white solid is used in a variety of organic syntheses, as well as in some industrial silver plating processes. The compound is classified as a cyclic imide. It may be prepared by thermal decomposition of ammonium succinate.

It is a natural product found in Bos taurus with data available.