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You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وكتب ابن شنبوذ بخطه ما صورته: يقول محمد بن أحمد بن أيوب المعروف بابن شنبوذ: ما في هذه الرقعة صحيح، وهو قولي واعتقادي، وأشهد الله عز وجل وسائر من حضر على نفسي بذلك؛ وكتب بخطه: فمتى خالفت ذلك أو بان مني غيره، فأمير المؤمنين في حل من دمي وسعة،

and Ibn Shanabud has written with his own hand what follows: I, Muhammad, the son of Ahmad, the son of Ayyub, generally known by the name of Ibn Shanabud, acknowledge the contents of this paper lo be true, and to be my words and belief; and I take to witness Almighty God and the persons here present. And if I act against this declaration, or if anything in my conduct denote other sentiments than those here expressed, I declare that the Commander of the faithful may lawfully shed my blood.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وذلك يوم الأحد لسبع خلون من شهر ربيع الآخر سنة ثلاث وعشرين وثلثمائة في مجلس الوزير أبي علي محمد بن علي بن مقلة أدام الله توفيقه.

Written on Sunday, the seventh of the first Rabi, of the year three hundred and twenty three, at the sitting held by the vizir Abu Ali Muhammad Ibn Ali Ibn Mukla; may he long enjoy the favor of God!”

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وكلم أبو أيوب السمسار الوزير أبا علي في أمره وسأله في إطلاقه، وعرفه أنه إن صار إلى منزله قتله العامة، وسأله أن ينفذه في الليل سرا إلى المدائن ليقيم بها أياما، ثم يدخل إلى منزله ببغداد مستخفيا، ولايظهر بها أياما، فأجابه الوزير إلى ذلك، وأنقذه إلى المدائن؛

Abu Ayyub al-Simsar then interceded with the vizir in order to procure Ibn Shanabud’s liberation, but observed to him that if he allowed his prisoner to return home, the unfortunate man would be murdered by the population. He, therefore, requested that he should be sent by night to al-Madain, whence, after a few days’ delay, he might privately return to his house in Baghdad, and not appear in public for some lime. The vizir granted this request and sent Ibn Shana- bud to al-Madain.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وتوفي يوم الاثنين لثلاث خلون من صفر سنة ثمان وعشرين وثلثمائة ببغداد، وقيل إنه توفي في محبسه بدار السلطان، رحمه الله تعالى.

This reader died at Baghdad on Monday, the third of Safari, A. H. three hundred and twenty eight (the twentieth of November, A. D. nine hundred and thirty nine); some say that lie died a prisoner in the sultan’s palace.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وتوفي أبو بكر ابن مجاهد المذكور يوم الأربعاء لإحدى عشرة ليلة بقيت من شعبان سنة أربع وعشرين وثلثمائة، ودفن في تربة له بسوق العطر، وكان مولده سنة خمس وأربعين ومائتين، رحمه الله تعالى.

Abu Bakr Ibn Mujahid died on Wednesday, the eighteenth of Shaaban, A. H. three hundred and twenty four (the thirteenth of July, A. D. nine hundred and thirty six), and was interred in a mausoleum erected for him in the Suk al-Itr (the perfume market). His birth took place in the year two hundred and forty five (A. D. eight hundred and fifty nine or eight hundred and sixty).

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

ابن السماك

IBN AL-SAMMAK

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

أبو العباس محمد بن صبيح المذكر مولى بني عجل، المعروف بابن السماك القاص الكوفي الزاهد المشهور؛ كان زاهدا عابدا حسن الكلام صاحب مواعظ، جمع كلامه وحفظ، ولقي جماعة من الصدر الأول وأخذ عنهم: مثل هشام بن عروة والأعمش وغيرهما.

Abu al-Abbas Muhammad Ibn Sabih, surnamed Al-Mazkur, and generally known by the appellation of Ibn al-Sammak, was a mawla to the tribe of Ijl, a native of Kufa, and a professional narrator of anecdotes. His devotion and self-mortification, the elegance of his language, his pious exhortations and sayings, which were collected and learned by heart, acquired him great celebrity. He met some of the Muslims belonging to the class called al-Sadr al-Awal, such as Hisham Ibn Orwa and al-Aamash.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وروى عنه أحمد بن أحمد بن حنبل وأنظاره؛ وهو كوفي قدم بغداد زمن هارون الرشيد فمكث بها مدة، ثم رجع إلى الكوفة فمات بها. ومن كلامه: خف الله كأنك لم تطعه، وارج الله كأنك لم تعصه.

and received information from them; Traditions were given on his authority by Ahmad Ibn Hanbal and that imam’s contemporaries. It was in the time of Harun al-Rashid that he left Kufa, his native place, and proceeded to Baghdad; after remaining in that city for some time, he returned to Kufa and died there. One of his sayings was: “Fear God as if you had never obeyed him, and hope in him as if you had never disobeyed him.”

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وكان هارون الرشيد قد حلف أنه من أهل الجنة، فاستفتى العلماء فلم يفته أحد بأنه من أهلها فقيل له عن ابن السماك المذكور، فاستحضره وسأله، فقال له هل قدر أمير المؤمنين على معصية فتركها خوفا من الله تعالى فقال: نعم، كان لبعض ألزمي جارية فهويتها فتركها خوفا من الله تعالى

Harun al-Rashid, having one day declared, with an oath, that he himself was one of those who were to enter Paradise, consulted doctors of the law on the subject. None of them opined that he was one of those persons, and as Ibn al-Sammak’s name was then mentioned to him, he had him called in and asked his opinion. Ibn al-Sammak proposed to him this question: “Had the Commander of the faithful ever the occasion of committing an act of disobedience towards God, and abstained from it through fear of offending him?”.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

فقال: نعم، كان لبعض ألزمي جارية فهويتها وأنا إذ ذاك شاب، ثم إني ظفرت بها مرة، وعزمت على ارتكاب الفاحشة معها، ثم إني فكرت في النار وهولها وأن الزنا من الكبائر، فأشفقت من ذلك، وكففت عن الجارية مخافة من الله تعالى، فقال له ابن السماك: أبشر ياأمير المؤمنين فإنك من أهل الجنة،

“Yes,” said al-Rashid; in my youth, I fell in love with a slave-girl belonging to a person in my service, and, having once found a favorable opportunity, I resolved on committing with her the evil deed, but reflecting on the fire of hell and its terrors, and recollecting that fornication “was one of the grievous sins, I abstained from the girl through fear of Almighty God.” Then let the Commander of the faithful rejoice! thou art one of those who shall enter Paradise,” said Ibn al-Sammak.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

فقال هارون: ومن أين لك هذا فقال: من قوله تعالى”وأما من خاف مقام ربه ونهى النفس عن الهوى فإن الجنة هي المأوى” – النازعات:40 – فسر هارون بذلك.

How,” said al-Rashid, “dost thou know that?” “From the words of the Almighty himself,” replied the other; “he has said: But whoever shall have dreaded the appearing before his Lord and shall have restrained his soul from lust; verily Paradise shall be his abode.” These words gave al-Rashid great joy.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

ودخل على بعض الرؤساء يشفع إليه فقال له: إني أتيتك في حاجة، وإن الطالب والمطلوب منه عزيزان إن قضيت الحاجة، ذليلان إن لم تقضها، فاختر لنفسك عز البذل على ذل المنع، واختر لي عز النجح على ذل الرد؛ فقضى حاجته.

Ibn al-Sammak went one day to intercede with a grandee in favor of a man for whom he felt interested, and he addressed him in these terms: “The beseecher and the besought will feel honored if the request “ for which I come be granted, and disgraced if it be refused. Choose, therefore, for thyself the honor of giving, not the shame of refusing, and choose for me the honor of obtaining, not the shame of being refused.” The request was granted.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

ومن كلامه: من جرعته الدنيا حلاوتها بميلة إليها جرعته الآخرة مرارتها بتجافيها عنه. وتكلم يوما وجاريته تسمع كلامه، فقال لها: كيف سمعت كلامي فقالت هو حسن، لولا أنك تردده، فقال: أردده كي يفهمه من لم يفهمه، فقالت: إلى أن يفهمه من لم يفهمه يمله من فهمه. وأخباره ومواعظه كثيرة.

One of his sayings was: “He who, being inclined to the world, is sated with his sweetness, shall be drenched with the bitterness of the other world, though he abhor it.” Having held a discourse one day in the hearing of his slave-girl, he asked her what she thought of it. She replied that it would have been good, were it not for the repetitions. “But, said he,” “I employ repetitions in order to make those understand who do not.” “Yes’ she replied; “and to make those understand who do not, you weary those who do.” The anecdotes told of him and the exhortations which he delivered are very numerous.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وتوفي سنة ثلاث وثمانين ومائة بالكوفة، رحمه الله تعالى.

He died at Kufa, A. H. one hundred and eighty three (A. D. seven hundred and ninety nine or eight hundred).

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

والسماك: بفتح السين المهملة والميم المشددة وبعد الألف كاف، هذه النسبة إلى بيع السمك وصيده.

Sammak means a seller or a catcher of fish (samak).

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

أبو طالب المكي

ABU TALIB AL-MAKKI

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

أبو طالب محمد بن علي بن عطية، الحارثي المكي صاحب كتاب قوت القلوب؛ كان رجلا صالحا مجتهدا في العبادة، ويتكلم في الجامع، وله مصنفات في التوحيد،

Abu Talib Muhammad Ibn Ali Ibn Atiya al-Harithi al-Makki, a celebrated preacher and the author of the work entitled Kut al-Kulub [food for the heart), was noted for his piety and the austerity of his life. He pronounced discourses in the mosque, and composed some treatises on the Tauhid.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

ولم يكن من أهل مكة، وإنما كان من أهل الجبل وسكن مكة فنسب إليها، وكان يستعمل الرياضة كثيرا حتى قيل غنه هجر الطعام زمانا واقتصر على أكل الحشائش المباحة فاخضر جلده من كثرة تناولها.

Al-Jabal (Persian Iraq) was his native country, hut, as he had resided at Mecca, he obtained the surname of al-Makki. He carried the practices of self-mortification to such a length that, it is said, he abstained from ordinary food during a considerable period and lived on nothing but wild herbs. In the use of this nutriment he persevered so long that his skin took a green tinge.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

ولقي جماعة من المشايخ في الحديث وعلم الطريقة وأخذ عنهم، ودخل البصرة بعد وفاة أبي الحسن ابن سالم فانتمى إلى مقالته، ودخل البصرة بعد وفاة أبي الحسن ابن سالم فانتمى إلى مقالته، وقدم بغداد فوعظ الناس فخلط في كلامه فتركوه وهجروه.

In the Traditions and Sufism he received the lessons of numerous masters. He went to Basra after the death of Abu T-Hasan Ibn Salim and represented himself as a follower of his doctrines. Having proceeded to Baghdad, he gave a public exhortation, but got so much embroiled in his discourse that the people went away and left him.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وقال محمد بن طاهر المقدسي في كتاب الأنساب: إن أبا طالب المكي المذكور لما دخل بغداد واجتمع الناس عليه في مجلس الوعظ خلط في كلامه، وحفظ عنه أنه قال: ليس على المخلوقين أضر من الخالق، فبدعه الناس وهجروه، وامتنع من الكلام بعد ذلك؛

Muhammad Ibn Tahir al-Makdisi relates, in his Ansah, that, when Abu Talib al-Makki went to Baghdad and preached to the crowded congregation which had assembled to hear him, he got embroiled in his discourse, and, in one passage, it is well recollected that he said: “Nothing is more hurtful to the creature than the creator This made the people exclaim against him as a heretic, and, finding himself abandoned by them, he renounced preaching.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وله كتب في التوحيد. وتوفي لست خلون من جمادى الآخرة سنة ست وثمانين وثلثمائة ببغداد، ودفن بمقبرة المالكية، وقبره بالجانب الشرقي، وهو مشهور هناك يزار، رحمه الله تعالى.

Abu Talib al-Makki died at Baghdad on the sixth of the latter Jumada, A. H. three hundred and eighty six (the seventh of June, A. D. nine hundred and ninety six), and was buried in the Malikiya cemetery, on the eastern side [of the Tigris). His tomb is a well-known monument and attracts pious visitors.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

والحارثي: بفتح الحاء المهملة وبعد الألف راء مكسورة ثم ثاء مثلثة، هذه النسبة إلى عدة قبائل منها الحارث ومنها الحارثة ولا أدري أيها ينسب أبو طالب المذكور من هذه القبائل.

Harithi means related to al-Harith, or to al-Haritha; a number of tribes are designated by these names, and I do not know to which Abu Talib belonged.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

والمكي: نسبة إلى مكة، حرسها الله تعالى.

Makki signifies native of Mecca.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

ابن سمعون الواعظ

IBN SAMOUN

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

أبو الحسين محمد بن أحمد بن إسماعيل بن عنبس بن إسماعيل الواعظ البغدادي، المعروف بابن سمعون؛ كان وحيد دهره في الكلام على الخواطر وحسن الوعظ وحلاوة الإشارة ولطف العبارة. أدرك جماعة من جلة المشايخ وروى عنهم: منهم الشيخ أبو بكر الشبلي، رحمه الله تعالى وأنظاره.

Abu al-Husain Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Ismail Ibn Anbas Ibn Ismail, surnamed Ibn Samoun, was a native of Baghdad and a celebrated preacher. For extemporaneous speaking he had not an equal, and, in the eloquence of his exhortations, the charm of his allusions, and the grace of his style, he remained without a rival. Amongst the eminent doctors whom he met with and on whose authority he delivered Traditions, we may mention Abu Bakr al-Shibli.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

ومن كلامه ما رواه الصاحب أبو القاسم إسماعيل بن عباد – المقدم ذكره – قال: سمعت ابن سمعون يوما، وهو على الكرسي في مجلس وعظه يقول: سبحان من أنطق باللحم، وبصر بالشحم، وأسمع بالعظم، إشارة إلى اللسان والعين والأذن، وهذه من لطائف الإشارات.

The Sahib Abu al-Kasim Ismail Ibn Abbad relates that he heard Ibn Samoun utter these words one day, when seated in the preacher’s chair: “Extolled be the Being who hath enabled [man] to speak by (means of a piece of) flesh, and to see by (means of apiece of) fat, and to hear by (means of) a bone!” an ingenious allusion to the tongue, the eye, and the ear.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

ومن كلامه أيضا: رأيت المعاصي نذالة، فتركتهامروءة فاستحال ديانة؛ وله كل معنى لطيف.

One of his sayings was: “Seeing sin to be vile, I renounced it through a feeling of dignity, and it was replaced in me by devotion.” His discourses abounded in delicate turns of thought.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وكان لأهل العراق فيه اعتقاد كثير، ولهم به غرام شديد، وإياه عني الحريري صاحب المقامات في المقامة الحادية والعشرين وهي الرازية بقوله في أوائلها: رأيت بها ذات بكرة، زمرة أثر زمرة، وهم منتشرون انتشار الجراد، ومستنون استنان الجياد، ومتواصفون واعظا يقصدونه، ويحلون ابن سمعون دونهولم يأت بعده في الوعاظ مثله.

The people of Iraq had the highest opinion of his merit and were his enthusiastic admirers. It is of him that al-Hariri speaks, in the beginning of his twenty-first makama, entitled al-Raziya, where he says: “And I saw there, a certain morning, bands after bands, swarming like locusts and running like race-horses; describing to each other the preacher whom they were going to hear, and setting Ibn Samoun beneath him.” Never did such a preacher exist since that time.

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وتوفي في ذي الحجة سنة سبع وثمانين وثلثمائة، وقيل بل توفي يوم الجمعة منتصف ذي القعدة من السنة المذكورة ببغداد، ودفن في داره بدرب العتابين، ثم نقل يوم الخميس حادي عشر رجب سنة ست وعشرين وأربعمائة، ودفن بباب حرب، وقيل إن أكفانه لم تكن بليت بعد، رحمه الله تعالى.

He died at Baghdad in the month of Zi al-Hijja, A. H. three hundred and eighty seven (December, A. D. nine hundred and ninety seven); some say, on Friday, the fifteenth of Zu al-Kaada of that year; and was buried at his residence, in the street called Darb al-Attabyin. On Thursday, the eleventh of Rajab, A. H. four hundred and twenty six, his corpse was removed to the cemetery at the Harb gate and there interred; it is said that his shroud was still in perfect preservation.

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وسمعون: بفتح السين المهملة وسكون الميم وضم العين المهملة وسكون الواو وبعدها نون، قيل إن جده اسماعيل غير اسمه فقيل سمعون.

Samoun is stated to be an alteration of Ismail, the name of his grand-father.

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وعنبس: بفتح العين المهملة وسكون النون وفتح الباء الموحدة وبعدها سين مهملة، وهو في الأصل اسم الأسد وبه سمي الرجل وهو فنعل من العبوس، والنون زائدة.

The primitive signification of Anbas (the name of his great-grandfather) is lion; but the word was subsequently employed as a proper name for men. The letter n of this word is not a radical; anbas being formed from abas (to frown) as fanal is formed from fa’l.

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الشيخ أبو عبد الله القرشي

ABU ABD ALLAH AL-HASHEMI, THE ASCETIC

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أبو عبد الله بن أحمد بن إبراهيم القرشي الهاشمي العبد الزاهد الصالح من أهل الجزيرة الخضراء؛ كانت له كرامات ظاهرة،

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim al-Qurashi al-Hashemi (descended from Hashim of the tribe of Quraish), a holy and pious ascetic and a native of al-Jazirat al-Khadraa (in Spain), was distinguished by the gift of miracles.

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ورأيت أهل مصر يحكن عنه أشياء خارقة، ورأيت جماعة ممن صحبه، وكل منهم قد نما عليه من بركته، وذكروا عنه أنه وعد جماعته الذين صحبوه مواعيد من الولايات والمناصب العلية، وذكروا عنه أنه وعد جماعته الذين صحبوه مواعيد من الولايات والمناصب العلية، وأنها صحت كلها، وكان من السادات الأكابر، والطراز الأول،

I heard the people of Egypt relate most extraordinary things of him, and I saw a number of his disciples, who had all participated in the divine favor shown to their master; from them I learned that lie had promised to some of his followers an exaltation in God’s grace and that they really attained it. He ranked among the great saints of the first class.

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وهو مغربي، وصحب بالمغرب أعلام الزهاد وانتفع بهم، فلما وصل إلى مصر انتفع به من صحبته أو شاهده. ثم سافر إلى الشام قاصدا زيارة البيت المقدس فأقام به إلى أن مات في السادس من ذي الحجة سنة تسع وتسعين وخمسمائة، وصلي عليه بالمسجد الأقصى، وهو ابن خمس وخمسين سنة، رحمه الله تعالى. وقبره ظاهر يقصد للزيارة والتبرك به.

In his native country, the West, he frequented the society of the most eminent ascetics and profited by their instructions. On his arrival in Egypt, all those who became his disciples, or even saw him, derived advantage from the circumstance. Having gone to Syria on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, he continued there till his death. This event took place on the sixth of Zi al-Hijja, A. H, five hundred and ninety nine (the seventeenth of August, A. D. one thousand two hundred and three). The funeral prayer was said over him in the (great mosque called) al-Masjid al-Aksa. He died at the age of fifty-five years. His tomb is a remarkable object and attracts pious visitors, anxious to participate in the divine favor through his merits.

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والجزيرة الخضراء في بر الأندلس: مدينة قبالة سبتة من بر العدوة.

Al-Jazirat al-Khadraa (the green island) is a city in Spain, opposite to Ceuta.

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ومن جملة وصايا لأصحابه: سيروا إلى الله تعالى عرجا ومكاسير فإن انتظار الصحة بطالة.

One of his counsels to his disciples was: “Journey towards God though you be lame or crippled [in soul); to wait for healing is to lose time.”

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ابن الأعرابي

IBN AL-AARABI

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أبو عبد الله محمد بن زياد، المعروف بابن الأعرابي الكوفي صاحب اللغة؛ وهو من موالي بني هاشم، فإنه مولى العباس بن محمد بن علي بن عبد الله بن العباس بن عبد المطلب، رضي الله عنه، وكان أبوه زياد عبدا سنديا، وقيل إنه من موالي بني شيبان، وقيل غير ذلك، والأول أصح،

The philologer Abu Abd Allah Muhammad Ibn Ziad, generally known by the surname of Ibn al-Aarabi, was a native of Kufa and a mawla to the Hashim family, being a client of al-Abbas Ibn Muhammad Ibn Ali Ibn Abd Allah Ibn al-Abbas Ibn Abd al-Muttalib (Ibn Hashim). His father Ziad was a slave brought from Sind; others say, a mawla to the Banu Shaiban, or to some other tribe; but the first statement is the truest.

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وكان أحول، راوية لأشعار القبائل ناسبا، وكان أحد العالمين باللغة المشهورين بمعرفتها، يقال لم يكن في الكوفيين أشبه برواية البصريين منه، وهو ربيب المفضل بن محمد الضبي صاحب المفضليات كانت امه تحته.

Ibn al-Aarabi had a cast in his eyes. He was a genealogist, a philologer of the highest reputation, and one of those who transmitted orally the poems composed by the Arabic tribes. II is said that, of all the learned men of Kufa, Ibn al-Aarabi came nearest to those of Basra in respect to the readings of the poems taught by him. He was brought up by al-Mufaddal Ibn Muhammad al-Dabbi, the author of the Mufaddalyat, who had married his mother.

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وأخذ الأدب عن أبي معاوية الضرير والمفضل الضبي والقاسم بن معن ابن عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن مسعود الذي ولاه المهدي القضاء، والكسائي، وأخذ عنه إبراهيم الحربي وأبو العباس ثعلب وابن السكيت وغيرهم.

He obtained his knowledge of literature from him, Abu Muawiya al-Darer, al-Kasim Ibn Maan Ibn Abd al-Rahman Ibn Abd Allah Ibn Masud, the same whom the caliph al-Mahdi appointed kadi, and al-Kisaie. Amongst his own disciples were Ibrahim al-Harbi, Abu al-Abbas Thalab, and Ibn al-Sikkit.

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وناقش العلماء واستدرك عليهم وخطأ كثيرا من نقلة اللغة، وكان رأسا في كلام العرب، وكان يزعم أن أبا عبيدة والأصمعي لايحسنان شيئا، وكان يقول: جائز في كلام العرب ان يعاقبوا بين الضاد والظاء، فلا يخطئ من يجعل هذه في موضع هذه، وينشد:

He examined closely the productions of the learned, and pointed out a great number of faults committed by those who transmitted down philological information. He held the first rank by his knowledge of the rare and exalted expressions of the kalam al-Arab, and he pretended that Abu Obaida and al-Asma’i never produced anything good. He said that it was allowable in Arabic to substitute the letter dad [D) for the letter zaa (Zh), and vice versa, and that no one should be censored far so doing; he then recited this verse.

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إلى الله أشكو من خليل أوده… ثلاث خلال كلها لي غائض بالضاد، ويقول: هكذا سمعته من فصحاء العرب.

To God I complain of a friend whom I love, and who, in three things, has excited my anger (ghaid); Pronouncing ghaid instead of ghaiz; “and thus,” said he, “did I hear it pronounced by the most correct speakers among the desert Arabs.

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وكان يحضر مجلسه خلق كثير من المستفيدين ويملي عليهم؛ قال أبو العباس ثعلب: شاهدت مجلس ابن الأعرابي، وكان يحضره زهاء مائة إنسان، وكان يسأل ويقرأ عليه فيجيب من غير كتاب، ولزمته بضع عشرة سنة ما رأيت بيده كتابا قط، ولقد أملى على الناس مايحمل على أجمال، ولم ير أحد في علم الشعر أغزر منه.

His sittings were attended by crowds of people, anxious for instruction, and to them he addressed his dictations. Abu al-Abbas Thalab said: “I attended the sittings held by Ibn al-Aarabi, and saw there upwards of one hundred persons, some asking him questions and others reading to him; and he answered every question without [consulting) a book. I followed his lessons upwards of ten years, and I never saw him with a book in his hand; and yet he dictated to his pupils camel-loads of (philological) information.” Never was a man seen who knew by heart a greater quantity of poetry.

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ورأى في مجلسه رجلين يتحادثان، فقال لأحدهما: من أين أنت فقال: من إسبيجاب، وقال للآخر: من أين أنت فقال: من الأندلس، فعجب من ذلك وأنشد: رفيقان شتى ألف الدهر بيننا… وقد يلتقي الشتى فيأتلفان

Observing one day at his silting two persons engaged in conversation, he learned with surprise, on asking them whence they came, that one belonged to Isbijab [in Transoxiana) and the other to Spain. He then recited this verse: (We are) two companions, widely separated till time joined us; the separated sometimes meet and unite together.

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ثم أملى على من حضر مجلسه بقية الأبيات وهي: نزلنا على قيسية يمينية… لها نسب في الصالحين هجان فقالت وأرخت جانب الستر بيننا… لأية أرض أم من الرجلان فقلت لها: أما رفيقي فقومه… تميم، وأما أسرتي فيماني رفيقان شتى ألف الدهر بيننا… وقد يلتقي الشتى فيأتلفان

After which he dictated to the assembly the rest of the piece, which ran as follows. We halted at the tent of a female, allied both to the tribe of Kais and to the Arabs of Yemen, nobly descended from pious forefathers; and she said, whilst letting down the curtain of the tent between us and her: What is your country? who are you two men?” I replied: “My companion and his people are of the tribe of Tamim; I and my relatives are from Yemen. We are two companions, widely separated till time joined us; the separated sometimes meet and unite together.””

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ومن أماليه ما رواه أبو العباس ثعلب قال: أنشدنا ابن الأعرابي محمد بن زياد المذكور: سقى الله حيا دون بطنان دارهم… وبورك في مرد هناك وشيب وإني وإياهم على بعد دارهم… كخمر بماء في الزجاج مشوب

Abu al-Abbas Thalab gives the following lines as having been deflated to him and his fellow-students by ibn al-Aarabi: May God shed his favor on a tribe whose dwelling-place is near Butnan, may blessings attend the youths therein and the men gray with years! though they reside fair away I and they are united like wine mingled with water in the glass.

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ومن تصانيفه كتاب النوادر وهو كبير، وكتاب الأنواء وكتاب صفة النخل وكتاب صفة الزرع وكتاب النبات وكتاب الخيل وكتاب تاريخ القبائل وكتاب معاني الشعر وكتاب تفسير الأمثال وكتاب الألفاظ وكتاب نسب الخيل وكتاب نوادر الزبيرين وكتاب نوادر بني فقعس وكتاب الذباب وغير ذلك، وأخباره ونوادره وأماليه كثيرة.

Amongst the works composed by Ibn al-Aarabi were: the Kitab al-Nawadir [book of anecdotes), a large work; the Kitab al-Anwaa; the Sifat al-Nakhl {description of palm trees)the Sifat al-Zara (description of corn in the blade); the Kitab al-Nabat (book of plants); the Kitab al-Khail (book of horses}; the Tarikh al-Kabail (history [or epochs] of the tribes); the Maani al-Shir (fine ideas occurring in poetry); the Tafsir al-Amthal (explanation of proverbs); the Kitab al-Alfaz {vocabulary} the Nisab d-Khail (pedigrees of [famous] horses); the Nawadir al-Zubairyin (anecdotes respecting the family of Zubair); the Nawadir bani Fakus (anecdotes of the sons of Fakus): the Kitab al-Dubab (book on flies), etc., The anecdotes told off him, and the philological observations which he dictated, are very numerous.

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وقال ثعلب: سمعت ابن الأعرابي يقول: ولدت في الليلة التي مات فيها الإمام أبو حنيفة رضي الله عنه، وذلك في رجب سنة خمسين ومائة على الصحيح.

Thalab said: “I heard Ibn al- Aarabi mention that he was born on the night of the imam Abu Hanifa’s death; and this, according to the most authentic account, took place in the month of Rajab, A. H. one hundred and fifty.

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وتوفي لأربع عشرة ليلة خلت من شعبان [وقال الطبري في تاريخه: توفي يوم الأربعاء ثالث عشر الشهر المذكور] سنة إحدى وثلاثين ومائتين بسر من رأى، وقيل سنة ثلاثين ومائتين، والأول أصح، وصلى عليه القاضي أحمد بن أبي داود الإيادي – المقدم ذكره.

Ibn al-Aarabi died at Sarra man raa on the fourteenth of Shaaban, A. H. two hundred and thirty one; al-Tabari says, in his History, on Wednesday, the thirteenth of that month. Some place his death in the year two hundred and thirty six, but the former date is nearer the truth. The funeral prayer was said over the corpse by the kadi Ahmad Ibn Abi Dawud al-Iyadi.

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والأعرابي: بفتح الهمزة وسكون العين المهملة وفتح الراء وبعد الألف باء موحدة، هذه النسبة إلى الأعراب، قال أبو بكر بن عزيز السجستاني المعروف بالعزيزي في كتابه الذي فسر فيه غريب القرآن الكريم: يقال رجل أعجم وأعجمي أيضا إذا كان في لسانه عجمة، وإن كان من العرب ورجل عجمي منسوب إلى العجم وإن كان فصيحا،

The relative adjective Aarabi is derived from Aarab; Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Aziz al-Sijistani, generally known by the appellation of al-Azizi, says, in the work wherein he explains the common words occurring in the Quran: They call a man Aajam or Aajami if there be an ajma (impediment) in his tongue (or language), even though be belong to the Arabian race; and they call a Persian Ajami, even though he speak (Arums) with correctness.

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ورجل أعرابي إذا كان بدويا وإن لم يكن من العرب، ورجل أعرابي إذا كان بدويا وإن لم يكن من العرب، ورجل عربي منسوب إلى العرب وإن لم يكن بدويا.

A man is Aarabi, if he be an inhabitant of the desert, though not an Arabian and he is Arabi, if he belong to the Arabian race, even though not an inhabitant of the. desert.”

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وإسبيجاب: بكسر الهمزة وسكون السين المهملة وكسر الباء الموحدة وسكون الياء المثناة من تحتها وفتح الجيم وبعد الألف باء موحدة، وهي مدينة من اقصى بلاد الشرق، وأظنها من إقليم الصين أو قريبة منه.

Isbijab is a city in the farthest part of the East; I imagine its belong to the climate [kingdom) of China, or to be near it.

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وبطنان: بضم الباء الموحدة وسكون الطاء المهملة وبين النونين ألف، وهو جمع بطن، وهو الغامض من الأرض.

Butnan is a plural of batn, which word signifies a low ground.

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الكلبي

MUHAMMAD IBN AL-KALBI

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أبو النضر محمد بن السائب بن بشر، وقيل مبشر، بن عمرو الكلبي [وقال محمد بن سعد: هو محمد بن السائب الكلبي بن بشر بن عمرو بن الحارث بن عبد الحارث بن عبد العزى بن امرئ القيس بن عامر بن النعمان بن عامر ابن عبدون بن كنانة بن عوف بن عذرة بن زيد بن عبد اللات بن رفيدة بن ثور بن كلب،

Abu al-Nadr Muhammad Ibn al-Saieb Ibn Bishr, or Mubashir, Ibn Amr al-Kalbi, a native of Kufa, the author of a commentary on the Quran and a genealogist, was a master of the highest authority in these two branches of science. Muhammad Ibn Saad sets forth his genealogy thus: Muhammad Ibn al-Saieb al-Kalbi Ibn Bishr Ibn Amr Ibn al-Harith Ibn Abd al-Harith Ibn Abd al-Ozza Ibn Amr al-Kais Ibn Amir Ibn al-Noman Ibn Amir Ibn Abdon Ibn Kinana Ibn Auf Ibn Ozra Ibn Zaid Ibn Abd al-Lat Ibn Rufaida Ibn Thawr Ibn Kalb.

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ثم كشفت كتاب النسب لهشام بن الكلبي فساق نسبهم على هذه الصورة إلا أنه أسقط منه عبد الحارث فقط، والباقي صحيح] الكوفي، صاحب التفسير وعلم النسب؛ كان أماما في هذين العلمين.

I then consulted Hisham Ibn al-Kalbi’s Book of Genealogies, and found their descent given as here indicated, with the exception of the link Abd al-Harith which is omitted.

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حكى ولده هشام عنه قال: دخلت على ضرار بن عطارد بن حاجب بن زرارة التميمي بالكوفة، وإذا عنده رجل كأنه جرذ يتمرغ في الحر، وهو الفرزدق الشاعر، فغمزني ضرار وقال: سله ممن أنت، فسألته فقال: إن كنت نسابا فانسبني، فإني من بني تميم،

The following anecdote was related by him and has been transmitted down by his son Hisham: I went into the house of Dirar Ibn Otarid Ibn Hajib Ibn Zurara al-Tamimi at Kufa and found with him a man like a mouse wriggling in a hole; and this was al-Farazdak the poet. Dirar winked at me and told me to ask him who he was. I put the question, and the other replied: If thou art genealogist, trace down my descent; I am sprung from Tamim.’

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

فابتدأت أنسب تميما حتى بلغت إلى غالب، وهو والد الفرزدق، فقلت: وولد غالب هماما – وهو اسم الفرزدق، كما سيأتي ترجمته في حرف الهاء إن شاء الله تعالى – فاستوى الفرزدق جالسا وقال: والله ماسماني به أبواي ولاساعة من النهار، فقلت: والله إني لأعرف اليوم الذي سماك فيه أبوك الفرزدق، فقال:

I immediately repeated the list of Tamim’s descendants, till I came to Ghalib, the father of al-Farazdak, of whom I said: And Ghalib begot “Hammam’ this was al Farazdak’s real name. On this al-Farazdak sat up and exclaimed: ‘By Allah! my parents never called me by that name but for a ‘single hour of my life. ‘And, by Allah V replied I, I know She day on which thy father called thee al Farazdak

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وأي يوم فقلت: بعثك في حاجة فخرجت تمشي وعليك مستقة ، فقال: والله لكأنك فرزدق، دهقان قرية قد سماها بالجبل، فقال: صدقت والله،

What day was it? He sent thee out some business and, as thou wert walking forth with a mistuka on thy shoulders, he said: By Allah one would take thee for a Farazdak made by the farmer of such and such a village, in the mountain.’ That is quite true,’ replied the poet.

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ثم قال: أتروي شيئا من شعري فقلت: لا، ولكن أروي لجرير مائة قصيدة، فقال: تروي لابن المراوغة ولاتروي لي والله لآهجون كلبا سنة أو تروي لي كما رويت لجرير، فجعلت أختلف إليه أقرأ عليه النقائض خوفا منه، وما لي في شيء منها حاجة.

He then asked me if I could repeat any of his poems. ‘No,’ said I, ‘but can repeat one hundred of Jarir’s “qasidas ‘Ah,’ said he, ‘thou canst repeat Ibn al-Marawigha’s“ verses, and canst not repeat mine! By Allah! I shall satirize the tribe of Kalb for a whole year, unless thou do as much for me as for Jarir.’ This threat induced me to visit him repeatedly and read over his opposites under his tuition, ‘although I had not the least use for them.”

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

قلت: المستقة، بضم الميم وسكون السين المهملة وضم التاء المثناة من فوقها وهي الفروة الطويلة الكم، والجمع مساتق وفيها لغة أخرى بفتح التاء، وروي عن عمر رضي الله عنه، انه كان يصلي وعليه مستقة [من سندس] وروي عن أنس بن مالك أن ملك الروم أهدى إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، مستقة من سندس فلبسها فكأني أنظر إلى يديه قد بدتا،

Mustuka means a fur cloak with long sleeves: its plural is masatik. Some persons pronounce mustaka, not mustuka. A tradition informs us that Omar prayed in a mustuka, and we learn from another tradition delivered by Anas Ibn Malik, that the king of the Greeks sent a mustuka of flowered silk to the blessed Prophet, who put it on: “And I think,’’ said he, “I still see his hands as they appeared (at the extremity of the sleeves).”

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ثم بعث بها إلى جعفر بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه، فقال: ابعث بهاإلى أخيك النجاشي، وقال النضر بن شميل: المستقة: الجبة الوسعة.

He then sent it to Jaafar, the son of Ali Ibn Talib, who said to the Prophet: “Send it to thy brother the Najashi [king of Abyssinia).” Al-Nadr Ibn Shumail says that the mustuka is a sort of wide robe.

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وكان الكلبي المذكور من أصحاب عبد بن سبأالذي يقول إن علي بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه لم يمت وإنه راجع إلى الدنيا. وروى عنه سفيان الثوري ومحمد بن إسحاق، وكانا يقولان: حدثنا أبو النضر حتى لايعرف؛

Muhammad Ibn al-Kalbi was a follower of Abd Allah Ibn Saba, him who taught that Ali Ibn Abi Talib was not dead, and that he would return into the world. Sofian al-Thawri and Muhammad Ibn Ishak cited his authority for some of their Traditions, but, lest it should be known who he was, they gave them under this form: “We were told by Abu al-Nadr that, etc.

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وشهد الكلبي المذكور دير الجماجم مع عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن الأشعث بن قيس الكندي، وشهد جده بشر وبنوه السائب وعبيد وعبد الرحمن وقعة الجمل وصفين مع علي ابن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه،

This al-Kalbi fought at the battle of Dair al-Jamajim, on the side of Abd al-Rahman Ibn Muhammad Ibn al-Ashath Ibn Kais al-Kindi; his grand-father Bishr, his father al-Saieb, and his uncles Obaid and Abd al-Rahman fought under the caliph Ali at the battles of the Camel (A. H. thirty six) and Siffin (A. H. thirty seven).

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وقتل السائب مع مصعب بن الزبير، وفيه يقول ابن ورقاء النخعي: فمن مبلغ عني عبيدا بأنني… علوت أخاه بالحسام المهند فإن كنت تبغي العلم عنه فإنه… مقيم لدى الديرين غير موسد وعمدا علوت الرأس منه بصارم… فأثكلته سفيان بعد محمد سفيان ومحمد ابنا السائب.

Al-Saieb was slain with Musab Ibn al-Zubair, and the following verses were pronounced on his death by Ibn Warkaa al-Nakhai: Who will tell Obaid, for me, that I struck off his brother’s head with the sharp sword. If he wish to know where he is, tell him that he reposes near al-Dairain, without a pillow. I struck off his head with my sword intentionally, and thus rendered orphans Sofian and Muhammad. Sofian and Muhammad were the sons of al-Saieb.

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وتوفي محمد الكلبي المذكور سنة ست وربعين ومائة بالكوفة، رحمه الله تعالى. وسيأتي ذكر ولده أبي المنذر هشام النسابة في حرف الهاء، إن شاء الله تعالى.

Muhammad Ibn al-Kalbi died at Kufa in the year one hundred and forty six (A. D. seven hundred and sixty three or seven hundred and sixty four). Under the letter H we shall give the life of his son Abu al-Munzir Hisham, the celebrated genealogist.

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والكلبي بن وبرة، وهي قبيلة وسكون اللام وبعدها باء موحدة، هذه النسبة إلى كلب بن وبرة، وهي قبيلة كبيرة من قضاعة، ينسب إليها خلق كثير. والمستقة: لفظة فارسية معربة.

Kalbi means descended from Kalb, the son of Wabara; the tribe of Kalb forms a large branch of that of Kuda’a, and a great number of persons have derived their patronymic from it. Mustuka is a Persian word admitted into the Arabic language.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

قطرب

KUTRUB

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أبو علي محمد بن المستنير بن أحمد النحوي اللغوي البصري، مولى سالم بن زيادة، المعروف بقطرب؛ أخذ الأدب عن سيبويه وعن جماعة من العلماء البصريين،

Abu Ali Muhammad Ibn al-Mustanir Ibn Ahmad, the grammarian and philologer, generally known by the name of Kutrub, was a native of Basra and a mawla of Salim Ibn Ziad. He acquired his philological information from Sibawaih and some of the learned men of Basra.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وكان حريصا على الاشتغال والتعلم، وكان يبكر إلى سيبويه قبل حضور أحد من التلامذة، فقال له يوما: ما أنت إلا قطرب ليل، فبقي عليه هذا اللقب، وقطرب: اسم دويبة لا تزال تدب ولا تفتر، وهو بضم القاف وسكون الطاء المهملة وضم الراء وبعدها باء موحدة.

Ardent for the acquisition of knowledge and devoted to study, he always went to Sibawaih’s lessons much earlier than the other pupils, and this induced his master to say to him one day: “Thou art nothing else but a night-kutrub, and this surname stuck to him. The kutrub is a little animal always running about.

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وكان من أئمة عصره؛ وله من التصانيف كتاب معاني القرآن وكتاب الاشتقاق وكتاب القوافي وكتاب النوادر وكتاب الأزمنة وكتاب الفرق وكتاب الأصوات وكتاب الصفات وكتاب العلل في النحو وكتاب الأضداد وكتاب خلق الفرس وكتاب خلق الإنسان وكتاب غريب الحديث وكتاب” الهمز” وفعل وأفعل والرد على الملحدين في تشابه القرآن وغير ذلك.

Ibn al-Mustanir was one of the chief (philologers) of the age; his works are: the Maani al-Quran (rhetorical figures of the Quran), the Kitab al-Ishtikak (treatise on etymology), the Kitab al-Kawafi (treatise on rhymes), the Kitab al-Nawadir (book of anecdotes), the Kitab al-Azmina (book of the times [seasons], the Kitab al-Fark (on the difference between the names given to the members of the human body and those given to the same members in animals), the Kitab al-Aswat (book of cries [or interjections]), the Kitab al-Sifat (book of epithets), the Kitab al-Ilal fi al-Nahw (on the examples generally used in grammar), the Kitab al-Adhdad (on the words bearing each two different significations), the Kitab Khulk al-Faras (on the frame of the horse), the Kitab Khulk al-Insan (on the human frame), the Kitab Gharib al-Hadith (on the unusual expressions occurring in the Traditions), the Kitab al-Hamza (on the letter hamza), the Kitab faala wa afala (on the change of signification undergone by certain verbs in passing from the first to the fourth form), the Kitab al-Radd ala al-Mulhidin fi Tashabuh al-Quran (refutation of the impious, with respect to the passages of the Quran which, if taken literally, would lead to anthropomorphism), etc.”

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وهو أول من وضع المثلث في اللغة، وكتابه وإن كان صغيرا لكن له فضيلة السبق، وبه اقتدى أبو محمد عبد اله بن السيد البطليوسي – المقدم ذكره – وكتابه كبير، ورأيت مثلثا آخر لشخص آخر تبريزي، وليس هو الخطيب أبو زكريا التبريزي – الآتي ذكره إن شاء الله تعالى – بل غيره،

He was the first author who composed one of those philological treatises called Ternaries; his work, though small, has the merit of priority, and served for model to Ibn al-Sayed al-Batalyausi in his; the latter forms a large book. I have seen a third Ternary composed by a native of Tauris (tibrizi), who was, however, a different person from the Abu Zakariya al-Tibrizi, whose life is given in this work.

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ولا أستحضر الآن اسمه، وهو كبير أيضا واأقصر فيه، وما نهج لهم الطريق إلا قطرب المذكور. وكان قطرب معلم أولاد أبي دلف العجلي – المقدم ذكره

I do not at present recollect the author’s name, but the work itself is of considerable extent and merit. After all, it was Kutrub who marked out the way. Kutrub was preceptor to Abu Dulaf’s sons.

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وروى له ابن المنجم في كتاب البارع بيتين وهما: إن كنت لست معي فالذكر منك معي… يراك قلبي وإن غيبت عن بصري والعين تبصر من تهوى وتفقده… وباطن القلب لا يخلو من النظر

The following verses are attributed to him by (Harun) Ibn al-Munajjim in his Kitab al-Bari: Though thou art not with me, thy remembrance is; my heart sees thee, though thou art absent from my sight. The eye can see the beloved and perceive her absence; but the interior of the heart is never deprived of her presence.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

هذان البيتان مشهوران ولاأعلم أنهما إلا من هذا الكتاب.

These verses are very well known, but it is only from this work that I learned who was their author.

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وتوفي سنة ست ومائتين، رحمه الله تعالى؛ ويقال إن اسمه محمد، وقيل الحسن بن محمد، والأول أصح، والله أعلم بالصواب.

Kutrub died A. H. two hundred and six (A. D. eight hundred and twenty one or eight hundred and twenty two). Some say that his real name was Ahmed Ibn Muhammad, and others, al-Hasan Ibn Muhammad; but that given at the head of this article comes probably nearest to the truth.

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المبرد

AL-MUBARRAD

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أبو العباس محمد بن يزيد بن عبد الأكبر بن عمير بن حسان بن سليمان بن سعد بن عبد الله بن زيد بن مالك بن الحارث بن عامر بن عبد الله بن بلال بن عوف بن أسلم، وهو ثمالة، بن أحجن بن كعب بن الحارث بن كعب ابن عبد الله بن مالك بن النضر بن الأسد بن الغوث،

Abu al-Abbas Muhammad, generally known by the name of al-Mubarrad, was the son of Yazid Ibn Abd al-Akbar Ibn Umair Ibn Hassan Ibn Suleiman Ibn Saad Ibn Abd Allah Ibn Zaid Ibn Malik Ibn al-Harith Ibn Amir Ibn Abd Allah Ibn Bilal Ibn Auf Ibn Aslam Ibn Ahjan Ibn Kaab Ibn al-Harith Ibn Kaab Ibn Abd Allah Ibn Malik Ibn alKadi Ibn al-Asad Ibn al-Ghauth.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وقال ابن الكلبي: عوف بن أسلم هو ثمالة والأسد هو الأزد، الثمالي الأزدي البصري المعروف بالمبرد النحوي؛ نزل بغداد، وكان إماما في النحو واللغة، وله التواليف النافعة في الأدب: منها كتاب الكامل وكتاب الروضة والمقتضب وغير ذلك.

The Auf of this list was called also Thumala; and Ibn al-Kalbi, who makes the same observation, adds that al-Asad is the same person as al-Azdi progenitor of the tribe of that name). The grammarian al-Mubarrad, surnamed al-Thumali al Azdi {descended from Thumala of the tribe Of Azd), was a native of Basra, but resided at Baghdad. This eminent philologer and grammarian composed a number of works on literary subjects, such as the Kamil [perfect), the Rawda {meadow), the Muktadib {rough draught), etc.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

أخذ الأدب عن أبي عثمان المازني وأبي حاتم السجستاني – وقد تقدم ذكرهما – وأخذ عنه نفطويه – وقد تقدم ذكره – وغيره من الأئمة.

He studied under Abi Othman al-Mazini and Abu Hatim al-Sijistani amongst the many eminent masters who had received lessons from him, Niftawaih was one of the most distinguished.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وكان المبرد المذكور وأبو العباس أحمد بن يحيى الملقب بثعلب صاحب كتاب الفصيح عالمين متعاصرين قد ختم بهما تاريخ الأدباء، وفيهما يقول بعض أهل عصرهما من جملة أبيات وهو أبو بكر ابن أبي الأزهر:

All-Mubarrad was a contemporary of Abu al-Abbas Ahmad Ibn Yahya, surnamed Thalab the author of the Fasih; they were both deeply learned, and with them terminated the series of the great philologers. It was of them that a contemporary, Abu Bakr Ibn Abi al-Azhar, said, in one of his poems.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

أيا طالب العلم لا تجهلن… وعذ بالمبرد او ثعلب تجد عند هذين علم الورى… فلا تك كالجمل الأجرب علوم الخلائق مقرونة… بهذين في الشرق والمغرب

Searcher of knowledge! act not foolishly, but have recourse to al-Mubarrad or to Thalab. In them you will find united the learning of all other men; remain not then (m ignorance, lest you be shunned) like a mangy same. the knowledge in the world, from East to West, is concentrated in these two.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وكان المبرد يحب الاجتماع في المناظرة بثعلب والاستكثار منه، وكان ثعلب يكره ذلك ويمتنع منه، وحكى أبو القاسم جعفر بن محمد بن حمدان الفقيه الموصلي وكان صديقهما، قال: لأبي عبد الله الدينوري ختن ثعلب: لم يأبى ثعلب الاجتماع بالمبرد فقال: لأن المبرد حسن العبارة حلو الإشارة فصيح اللسان ظاهر البيان، وثعلب مذهبه مذهب المعلمين، فإذا اجتمعا في محفل حكم للمبرد على الظاهر إلى أن يعرف الباطن.

Al Mubarrad liked to meet with Thalab? because he had then an opportunity of discussing questions with him and acquiring information; bust this was highly disagreeable to Thalab, who therefore, avoided him Abu al Kasim Jaafar ibn Muhammad Ibn Hamdan, a jurisconsult of Mosul and a friend to both, related is follows: “I asked Abu Abd Allah al-Danawari, Thalab’s son-in-law, why his relative had such a dislike to meeting with al-Mubarrad, and he replied, because al-Mubarrad expressed himself with elegance and charmed the hearer by his ingenious allusions, purity of language, and clearness of expression; whereas Thalab’s mode of speaking was that usual with persons accustomed to teach. It, therefore, happened that, when they met, the assembly were seduced by al-Mubarrad’s outward show before they could appreciate (Thalab’s real) worth.”

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وكان المبرد كثير الأمالي حسن النوادر، فمما أملاه أن المنصور أبا جعفر ولى رجلا على العميان والأيتام والقواعد من النساء اللواتي لا أزواج لهن، فدخل على هذا المتولي بعض المتخلفين ومعه ولده، فقال له: إن رأيت أصلحك الله أن تثبت اسمي مع القواعد،

Al-Mubarrad dictated a great quantity of information and abounded in anecdote. One of the relations dictated by him was the following: “Abu Jaafar al-Mansur appointed a person to act as guardian of the blind, the orphans, and distressed housekeepers who were widows. A man reduced to great misery went one day with his son to this officer and said: ‘Would you have the kindness to inscribe my name on the list of distressed housekeepers?’

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

فقال له المتولي: القواعد نساء فكيف أثبتك فيهن فقال ففي العميان فقال: أما هذا فنعم، فإن الله تعالى يقول”فإنها لاتعمى الأبصار ولكن تعمى القلوب التي في الصدور” – الحج:46 – فقال: وتثبت ولدي في الأيتام، فقال: وهذا أفعله أيضا، فإنه من تكن أنت أباه فهو يتيم، فانصرف عنه وقد أثبته في العميان وولده في الأيتام.

‘Those house-keepers are females,’ observed the guardian, ‘how then can I inscribe you among them?’ ‘Well,’ said the man, ‘put me on the blind “ ‘list’. ‘That I will,’ answered the other, ‘for God hath said: It is not the eyes which are blind, but the hearts contained in men’s bosoms.’ ‘And inscribe my boy on the list of orphans.’ ‘That also I shall do, for he who has a father like you is really an orphan.’ The man then withdrew, after obtaining his inscription on the blind list and that of his son on the list of orphans.”

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وطلب بعض الأكابر من المبرد معلما لولده، فبعث شخصا وكتب معه: قد بعثت به وأنا اتمثل فيه: إذا زرت الملوك فإن حسبي… شفيعا عندهم أن يخبروني

A certain grandee having asked al-Mubarrad to procure him a preceptor for his son, he sent him one with a letter to this effect: “I here send what you wished for, and I may say this much for him and in his name: “When I visit princes, all the protection I require is, that they put my talents to the test.”

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

ومعنى هذا البيت مأخوذ من كلام أحمد بن يوسف كاتب المأمون وقد أهدى إليه ثوب وشي في يوم نيروز: قد أهديت إلى أمير المؤمنين ثوب وشي يصف نفسه، والسلام.

The idea of this verse is borrowed from a note addressed to al-Mamun by Ahmad Ibn Yusuf the katib, on the day of Newroz, with the present of an embroidered robe: “I have sent to the Commander of the faithful an embroidered robe which will speak for itself. Adieu.”

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وكنت رأيت المبرد المذكور في المنام وجرى لي معه قصة عجيبة فأحببت ذكرها، وذلك أني كنت بالإسكندرية في بعض شهور سنة ست وثلاثين وستمائة وأقمت بها خمسة أشهر،

I once saw al-Mubarrad in a dream, and the singularity of our conversation was such that I am induced to relate it: In the year six hundred and thirty six (A. D. one thousand two hundred and thirty eight or one thousand two hundred and thirty nine), I passed five months in Alexandria,

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وكان عندي كتاب الكامل للمبرد، وكتاب العقد لابن عبد ربه، وأنا أطالع فيهما، فرأيت في العقد في فصل ترجمة بقوله ”ماغلط فيه على الشعراء” وذكر أبياتا نسبوا أصحابها فيها إلى الغلط وهي صحيحة، وإنما وقع ممن استدرك عليهم لعدم اطلاعهم على حقيقة الأمر فيها،

and happening to have with me al-Mubarrad’s Kamil and Ibn Abd Rabbih’s Ikd, I perused them occasionally. In the latter work I remarked a chapter entitled: Mistakes of which poets have been accused, and containing verses in which it had been pretended that the authors were mistaken, whereas the were really in the right; the blunders having been made by critics not sufficiently acquainted with the subjects they were examining.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

ومن جملة من ذكر المبرد فقال: ومثله قول محمد بن يزيد النحوي في كتاب” الروضة” ورد على الحسن بن هانئ – يعني أبا نواس – في قوله: وما لبكر بن وائل عصم… إلا بحمقائها وكاذبها

Amongst the persons mentioned in this chapter is al-Mubarrad, of whom the author says: “And similar to this is a mistake committed by Muhammad Ibn Yazid (al-Mubarrad) the grammarian, in his Rawda, where he blames al-Hasan Ibn Hani meaning Abu Nuwas for having said: (The tribe of) Bakr Ibn Wail has left no recollections but that of its foolish woman (hamkaa) and its lying man.”

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

فزعم أنه أراد بحمقائها هبنقة القيسي، ولايقال في الرجل حمقاء، وإنما أراد دغة العجيلية، وعجل في بكر، وبها يضرب المثل في الحمق، هذا كله كلام صاحب العقد وغرضه أن المبرد نسب أبانواس إلى الغلط بكونه قال ب حمقائها واعتقد أنه أراد هبنقة، وهبنقة رجل، والرجل لايقال له حمقاء، بل يقال له أحمق، وأبونواس إنما أراد دغة وهي امرأة، فالغلط حينئذ من المبرد، لا من أبي نواس.

“Because,’ says al-Mubarrad, ‘by the word hamka the poet meant the man called “Habannaka al-Kaisi, and he should not, therefore, have designated him as hamkaa.’ Now the fact is that Abu Nuwas meant the female of the tribe of Ijl called Dugha, whose silliness was proverbial, and Ijl is a branch of the tribe of “Bakr.” By this, the author of the Hid meant to say that al-Mubarrad, in blaming Abu Nuwas for having here made use of the word hamkaa (stupid), imagined that the poet had in view Habannaka, and, as Habannaka was a man, that he should have said ahmak (stupid), not hamkaa; whereas, according to Ibn Abd Rabbih, the poet really meant the woman called Dugha. Therefore, concludes the author, it is al-Mubarrad who is in the wrong, not Abu Nuwas.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

فلما كان بعد ليال قلائلب من وقوفي على هذه الفائدة رأيت في المنام كأني بمدينة حلب في مدرسة القاض بهاء الدين المعروف بابن شداد، وفيها كان اشتغالي بالعلم، وكأننا قد صلينا الظهر في الموضع الذي جرت العادة بالصلاة فيه جماعة،

A few nights after reading this passage, I dreamt that I was in Aleppo, in the college of the kadi Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad, where I had formerly pursued my studies. And it seemed as if we were saying the afternoon prayer in the place appropriated to that purpose, and that a number of people where there assembled.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

فلما فرغنا من الصلاة قمت لأخرج، فرأيت في أخريات الموضع شخصا واقفا يصلي، فقال لي بعض الحاضرين: هذا أبو العباس المبرد، فجئت إليه وقعدت إلى جانبه أنتظر فراغه،

When the prayer was ended, I stood up to retire and then saw, at the lower end of the room, a man standing and praying. Being informed by one of the persons present that it was Abu al-Abbas al-Mubarrad, I went over and sat down beside him, waiting till he had done.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

فلما فرغ سلمت عليه وقلت له: أنا في هذا الزمان أطالع في كتابك الكامل فقال لي: رأيت كتابي الروضة فقلت: لا، وما كنت رأيته قبل ذلك، فقال: قم حتى أريك إياه، فقمت معه وصعد بي إلى بيته ، فدخلنا فيه ورأيت كتبا كثيرة، فقعد قدامها يفتشى عليه وقعدت انا ناحية عنه، فأخرج منه مجلدا ودفعه إلي ففتحه وتركته في حجري ثم قلت له:

I then saluted him and said: “I am now reading your work, the Kamil;” on which he asked me if I had seen his Rawda. I replied that I had not, and this was in fact the truth, as I had never seen the work. “Well,” said he, “come with me, and I will show it to you.” On this, I arose and went up with him to his chamber, wherein I perceived a great quantity of hooks. He then sat down before them, looking for his Rawda, and I took my seat at some distance. Having drawn out a volume, he handed it to me. I opened it and, placing it on my knees, I said to him:

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

قد أخذا عليك فيه، فقال: أي شيء أخذوا فقلت: أنك نسبت أبانواس إلى الغلط في البيت الفلاني، وأنشدته إياه فقال: نعم، غلط في هذا، فقلت له: إنه لم يغلط، بل هو على الصواب، ونسبوك أنت إلى الغلط في تغليطه، فقال: وكيف هذا

“They have remarked a mistake of yours in this book.” ‘What mistake can they have remarked in it?” They say that you found fault with Abu Nuwas for having said so and so in such averse.” He was certainly wrong there.” “Nay,” said I, “he was in the right, and they say that you were in the wrong when you accused him of making a mistake.” “How can that be?”

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

فعرفته ما قال صاحب العقد فعض على رأس سبابته، وبقي ساهيا ينظر إلي وهو في صورة خجلان ولم ينطق، ثم استيقظت من منامي وهو على تلك الحال، ولم أذكر هذا المنام إلا لغربته.

I then told him what the author of the Ikd had said, on which he bit the end of his finger and stared at me in amazement, looking quite abashed and unable to utter a word. He remained in the same posture till I awoke. My only motive for mentioning this dream is its singularity.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

وكانت ولادة المبرد يوم الاثنين عيد الأضحى سنة عشر ومائتين، وقيل سنة سبع ومائتين ز وتوفي يوم الاثنين لليلتين بقيتا من ذي الحجة، وقيل ذي القعدة، سنة ست وثمانين، وقيل خمس وثمانين ومائتين ببغداد، ودفن في مقابر باب الكوفة في دار اشتريت له، وصلى عليه أبو محمد يوسف بن يعقوب القاضي، رحمه الله تعالى.

Al-Mubarrad was born on Monday, the festival of the Sacrifice, A. H. two hundred and ten (the twenty fifth of March, A. D. eight hundred and twenty six), some say in A. H. two hundred and seven (A. D. eight hundred and twenty two or eight hundred and twenty three). He died at Baghdad on Monday, the twenty seventh of Zi al-Hijja some say, of Zu al-Kaada, A. H. two hundred and eighty six (the fifth of December, A. D. eight hundred and ninety nine); but others place his death in A. H. two hundred and eighty five. He was interred in a house bought for the purpose, and situated in the cemetery at the Kufa gale. The funeral service was said over him by the kadi Abu Muhammad Yusuf Ibn Yakub.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

ولما مات نظم فيه وفي ثعلب أبو بكر الحسن بن علي المعروف بابن العلاف – المقدم ذكره – أبياتا سائرة، وكان ابن الجواليقي كثيرا ما ينشدها، وهي:

The following lines, written after his death by Abu Bakr al-Hasan Ibn al-Maruf, are currently known, and were frequently recited by Ibn al- Jawaliki.

You are a bilingual language expert proficient in both English and Arabic. Your task is to accurately and fluently translate text from English to Arabic while preserving the original meaning, tone, and context. Ensure your translations are culturally appropriate and grammatically correct. If the input contains technical terms, idiomatic expressions, or specific jargon, provide the most suitable Arabic equivalent. Avoid transliteration unless necessary for clarity or when explicitly requested.

ذهب المبرد وانقضت أيامه… وليذهبن إثر المبرد ثعلب بيت من الآداب أصبح نصفه… خربا وباقي بيتها فسيخرب فابكوا لما سلب الزمان ووطنوا… للدهر أنفسكم على ما يسلب وتزودوا من ثعلب، فبكأس ما… شرب المبرد عن قريب يشرب وأرى لكم أن تكتبوا أنفاسه… إن كانت الأنفاس مما يكتب

Al-Mubarrad is gone! his days are past! and Thalab must follow al-Mubarrad. Behold the mansion of literature half demolished, and destruction awaiting the remainder. Lament what time has snatched away, and prepare your minds for another privation. Lay in a provision out of Thalab’s learning, for he shall soon drink of the same cup as al-Mubarrad. I should tell you even to take note of his sighs, if it were possible to write them down.