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Truck drivers are busier than ever in today’s society as they work to keep up with demand. While the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) has rules and regulations about how many consecutive hours truckers can be on the road, they may not abide by them. Trucking companies may additionally push the truck drivers in their fleets to go the distance, despite the regulations. This means that there are many exhausted truckers sharing the roads, putting everyone in grave danger. Also, don’t forget that you can get discounted new car pricing with a free quote through qualified local dealer partners. One common reason for truck accidents to occur is due to extreme fatigue of the trucker. When it comes to operating semi-trucks, tractor trailers, 18-wheelers, and other large commercial vehicles, it takes more than proper training and qualifications. The driver of a vehicle of this size and weight must be physically and mentally prepared for the road ahead. Driving long hours without getting enough rest can lead to extreme fatigue. This can have the same effects as driving while intoxicated because it impairs the trucker’s performance. Truck drivers that fail to obey the rules and regulations of the FMCSA create dangerous circumstances on the roads. Whether by their own lack of judgment or out of fear of losing their jobs, driving while fatigued is an extremely negligent thing to do behind the wheel of a truck. Fatigue affects the way any driver perceives a situation on the road. It has similar effects on the brain as being intoxicated. This means that a drowsy truck driver has a lower concentration level. They also have less ability to focus on the road or take notice of any changing conditions either on the roads themselves or due to weather. Furthermore, an exhausted truck driver can fall asleep at the wheel. When a large truck is out of control, the results are most likely to be catastrophic. Truckers may become overly exhausted from a lack of proper rest, enduring road delays, having an unhealthy lifestyle, and by not caring for their mental health. Other factors that can lead to truck accidents involve a lack of training or experience, foul weather, distracted driving, or driving under the influence. However, when a truck driver causes an accident, an investigation will determine the reason for the crash. If the truck driver was negligent, they will be held liable for the accident. Truck accidents are more frightening than other types of motor vehicle accidents because these vehicles weigh so much more than passenger cars. They have a far greater potential for destruction and could leave you with serious injuries that may have life-altering effects. The days, weeks, and months following your truck accident will require you to focus on healing from your injuries. However, it is still important to have an investigation conducted to determine if the truck driver is the only liable party. It may also involve the trucking company or a third-party that loaded the cargo. Before you make a claim after a truck accident, it is wise to get legal advice and guidance from a personal injury attorney.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.automotiveaddicts.com/90126/the-impact-of-driver-fatigue-truck-accidents

2024-10-03T19:16:07Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

There can't be a more remarkable sight than a mass migration of animals, be it across the plains of Africa, on a cloud-covered skyline, or along the wave-ridden ocean coasts. Even as you read this article, animals are charging forward, moving from one region or climate zone to another in search of new feeding and breeding grounds. Songbirds may be finishing up their yearly round-trip migration from North America to Brazil and back; great herds of grazing wildebeests, zebras and Thomson's gazelles may be creating spectacular hoof-beaten paths across the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem, or Pacific salmon could be nearing the end of their lifelong migration to return to their birthplace to spawn. Any one of these events would be breathtaking to witness, but you may want to hurry up. Some scientists are saying mass animal migrations are in trouble, and perhaps humans are to blame. According to an essay by David S. Wilcove and Martin Wikelski from Princeton University's Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, published last year in the peer-reviewed journal PLoS Biology, "the threats to migrants fall into four nonexclusive categories: habitat destruction, the creation of obstacles and barriers such as dams and fences, overexploitation, and climate change." Climate change, or more precisely global warming, may be negatively impacting one of the lengthiest migrations executed by any mammal, that of the Gray whale. These animals travel 10,000 to 12,000 miles round-trip each year, leaving behind the bays and warm winter waters of Baja California, Mexico, to summer in the cooler seas of the Arctic. Gray whales are bottom feeders, mostly sustained by small crustaceans called amphipods, which cover the sea floor like a carpet; rolling over on his side, the whale sucks up the amphipod-rich bottom, filtering out the sediment and saltwater. Over the last several decades, however, oceanographers studying the Arctic and monitoring climate change have seen a slow warming of the sea surface temperatures and alterations in currents that move water about the Arctic. The Chukchi sea floor, having once been teeming with amphipods where Gray whales typically fed, is now vastly devoid of the small creatures, due to the effects of the warming waters. Fewer Gray whales are being observed in their typical summer congregation areas and are moving further north in search of food. Scientists studying the mammals are seeing significant numbers traveling through the Bering straits into the Arctic Ocean and venturing further out to areas where their characteristic food source can still be found. Some whales have also been observed feeding on alternative prey, such as shrimp, pelagic red crabs and small fish. Another effect the rising water temperature seems to be having on the migration of Gray whales is that some calves are being born further north. Whales born off the coasts of Alaska, Canada, Washington and Oregon, instead of the typical calving areas closer to Mexico, have to make a longer migration, which can jeopardize the likelihood of their survival. Great animal migrations not only serve the purposes of those migrants, but also the predators that prey on those animals and the ecological benefits the migration itself creates. For instance, Wilcove and Wikelski write, “Several studies have shown that birds reduce insect populations in temperate forests, thus raising the question of whether ongoing declines in migratory birds pose a threat to the health of our forests and farmlands.” Unfortunately, birds are all too often subject to overexploitation, as is the case in Cyprus. The island lies on an essential section of the migratory path for birds flying from Europe to warmer climates, where illegal bird trapping has been routine throughout the years. In 2008 alone, over one million songbirds were trapped, killed, and likely served up as a “culinary delicacies,” according to the ornithological conservation group BirdLife Cyprus. Approximately 90 percent of the birds following this migration route are protected species, some of which are even considered to be threatened. Over the past several decades, breeding populations of eastern North American and European migratory songbirds have declined. Although situations such as the one in Cyprus beg to be labeled as the culprits, there are probably several other factors for these vanishing journeys. Wilcove and Wikelski theorize that the decline of these migratory birds is the result of “a function of the loss of breeding habitat, the loss of winter habitat, heightened mortality during migration (due to habitat destruction, pesticides, communication towers, and other factors), or some combination of the three.” In their essay, they conclude that an answer cannot be known until full migratory cycles of individual birds can be tracked by satellite transmitters, which was an effort thought to be years away. Last summer, however, researchers were able to retrieve data from seven geo-locator backpacks attached to two species of songbirds. The findings amazed the research scientist with the speed of the songbirds and the distance they covered on their migratory route. Fourteen wood thrushes and 20 purple martins were fitted with the tiny backpacks and sent forth from Pennsylvania a year prior; the birds would cover approximately 311 miles per day and traveled from Brazil to Pennsylvania in just shy of one month. Mass animal migrations have constantly occurred over the millennia. The continuation of these phenomena is essential and will certainly be influenced by our actions. A collaborative effort to preserve their habitats, defend against overexploitation, find alternatives to closing off migration routes with barriers, and work toward solving the issues of climatic threats is needed to make their sustainability possible. With the unending fever of conservation, environmental and animal welfare groups, as well as the efforts of some individuals and governments, future generations may have a chance to enjoy the spectacle of great journeys.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.awionline.org/awi-quarterly/2009-spring/animal-migrations-may-be-moving-toward-extinction

2024-10-03T20:50:06Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

- Poecile atricapillus L. 4 3/4-5 3/4" (12-15 cm). - Black cap and throat - White cheeks - Gray back - Dull white underparts - Wing feathers narrowly and indistinctly edged with white Most similar to Carolina Chickadee. These two species hybridize in a narrow zone of overlap. - P. a. turneri: Alaska and adjacent north-western Canada - P. a. occidentalis: Extreme south-western British Columbia to north-western California (west of Cascades) - P. a. fortuitus: Southern interior British Columbia to north-western Montanea and north-western Idaho - P. a. garrinus: Rocky Mountains (south-eastern Idaho to Wyoming, eastern Utah and New Mexico) - P. a. nevadensis: Great Basin of south-western US (eastern Oregon to Idaho, Nevada and western Utah) - P. a. bartletti: Newfoundland and Miquelon - P. a. atricapillus: Eastern Canada and north-eastern US - P. a. practicus: North-eastern US (Appalachian Mountains region) - P. a. septentrionalis: Western Canada and central US Deciduous and mixed forests and open woodlands; suburban areas in winter. Very active birds. Hop. Often feed upside down whilst clinging to twigs and branches. Form mixed winter flocks, with woodpeckers, nuthatches, creepers, and kinglets. Very tame and inquisitive and often seen at feeders. In spring, chickadees disband into the woods to nest. Recent research sheds light on the ability of Poecile atricapillus to survive severe winters without migrating. They roost in small holes in trees, preferring Birch where available, e.g., around Fairbanks, Alaska. The birds go into a state of semi-hibernation for the night, conserving energy by lowering its body temperature by 12 to 15 degrees F. During the day, it is capable of eating 60% of its body weight, and can start the day with no body fat, but metabolize all that food to stored fat by nightfall. It then shivers through the night, burning the fat; up to 10% of its total body mass. The researchers also found that the birds survive better when there are feeders in the area, but do not become dependent on them. Black-capped Chickadees usually prepare their own nesting hole in soft, rotting tree stumps. Enticing them into breeding boxes is difficult, although it sometimes help to fill the boxes with wood shavings, which deceives the chickadees; they carry the wood shavings out bit by bit and accept the box for nesting. 6-8 brown-speckled white eggs in a cup of grass, fur, plant down, feathers, and moss, placed in a hole in a rotten tree stub excavated by the birds, or in a natural cavity or bird box. A buzzy chick-a-dee-dee-dee or a clear, whistled fee-bee, the second note lower and often doubled sounding like cheese-bur-ger or "hey-sweetie. The "hey-sweetie" song has a few unusual features: As background, perching birds can be divided into 2 major groups, the Oscines, or "true" songbirds, and the Suboscines, represented in North America by the flycatchers. Most suboscine birds are genetically programmed to sing a certain song. If you raise a willow flycatcher baby in a lab and only let it hear alder flycatcher songs, as an adult it will still sing perfect willow flycatcher songs. Most oscine songbirds learn their songs, copying the adults around them. Just as a person growing up in New York develops a different accent than a person growing up in Georgia, so most songbirds develop regional “dialects”. For example, in the Point Reyes National Seashore in California alone, 6 separate white-throated sparrow dialects have been mapped The usual black capped chickadee song is a 2 part whistle. The first note has a higher pitch than the second note and decreases slightly in pitch as it is sung, which may be important for species recognition. The second note has a decrease in amplitude in the middle of it, so it comes across as 2 “syllables”. The song is described by various authors as sounding like “fee-bee-ee”, or “hey-sweetie”. There are several strange things about this song. Chickadees have been recorded across the continent, from Alaska to Maine, and with rare exceptions the song is exactly the same across the continent, without dialects. Why the song is so similar across the continent is unclear. One possibility, that it is genetically programmed into the birds just as it is in flycatchers, was ruled out in experiments where chickadees were raised in captivity, and developed very abnormal songs. Surprisingly, on Martha’s Vinyard, Chappaquiddick and Nantucket, there are four separate chickadee dialects, where in some locations the birds sing “sweetie-hey” , “sosweetie-sweetie”, sweetie-sweetie” or the usual hey-sweetie. There are also dialects in isolated areas in Washington and Oregon, but otherwise it’s the same song across the rest of the continent. A thoorough discussion of this can be found in Dr Donald Kroodsma's book "The Singing Life of Birds". Another unusual thing is that that most songs function to defend territory and to attract mates and are only uttered in the breeding season but the chickadee song is sung year-round. Chickadees pair-bond while in their winter flocks. Males in winter flocks do sing the “hey-sweetie” song, but usually only after removing themselves away from the flock and it doesn’t seem to play a role in attracting mates. In one study on this, the song was never sung by a male when he was within 10 meters of his mate. During the breeding season the song serves an unusual function. To quote from an article on this, the song is “not serving as a distant threat to other males, but rather as a means of locating the rival, challenging and beckoning him to a meeting site rather than as a means of repelling him from a fixed boundary.” Once a rival male does appear, the bird may shift his song to a lower frequency, which is apparently an aggressive signal. If the birds approach closely to one another, the “hey-sweetie” song is dropped altogether and the birds utter a two to thirteen note call called the “gargle” call. This is a battle cry, and if one bird does not depart a fight will break out. Interestingly, gargle calls do have regional dialects and each chickadee has a repertoire of different gargle calls. Just as the words “Love” and “Leave” have similar letters but different meanings, so the gargle call is also used in another context, in copulation. It is sometimes preceded by a high pitched “see” and is given during mating, although with very specific note combinations. To quote from some research on this, “We observed the complete copulatory sequence 8 times... either sex initiated sexual activity by uttering variable sees, often while quivering the wings. The male then continued Variable Sees, ending in a gargle just as he mounted the female. All copulations were preceded by these calls.” To continue, “We found remarkable stereotypy in the sexual Gargles for each population, although the agonistic gargles in each population are highly variable... Although both share the same syllables, sexual gargles have unique syllable combinations that may reduce the possibility of confusion concerning the message of the calls. Following agonistic Gargles, the recipient usually moves away; if it does not, it is attacked by the individual giving the call. During sexual gargles the two birds remain in close proximity.” Thus the gargle call functions more like a traditional "song" than the "hey-sweetie" song does. Obviously this scratches the surface of understanding chickadee vocalization, but we are learning how these birds communicate and interact. - Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist - A good review of this subject can be found in an article in The Auk 95:34-48, The Vocal Repertoire of the Black Capped Chickadee, which discusses 11 adult chickadee vocalizations (there are now felt to be 15 total, 12 given by adults). A discussion of the gargle call is found in the Auk 102:145-151. These, and many other articles, can be accessed online through the Searchable Ornithological Research Archive at http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/, - Sibley on identification of the Black-capped and Carolina Chickadees - BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Black-capped Chickadee. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 3 October 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Black-capped_Chickadee GSearch checked for 2020 platform.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.birdforum.net/wiki/index.php?title=Black-capped_Chickadee&oldid=261084

2024-10-03T21:11:23Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

From Slavery to the White House: Black History Jigsaw Puzzle - 500 Piece Puzzle - Measures 18x24 inches in size when complete - High quality puzzle pieces crafted out of recycled cardboard - Inspired by Black History and African American Icons and History Makers - Learn and Live the Legacy! Our "From Slavery to the White House: Black History" 500 Piece Puzzle is inspired by Black History and the remarkable journey of African Americans from slavery to occupying the highest office in the land. This puzzle measures 18x24 inches in size and is made from high-quality thick cardboard material, ensuring that you can enjoy it for years to come. Featuring iconic images of Kamala Harris, Barack Obama, Shirley Chisholm, W.E.B. DuBois, and John Mercer Langston, this puzzle highlights a few of the most influential figures in African American history. Here are some of their historic achievements: - Kamala Harris: First African American, first Asian American, and first female Vice President of the United States. - Barack Obama: First African American President of the United States, serving two terms from 2009-2017. - Shirley Chisholm: First African American woman elected to the United States Congress and the first African American to run for a major party's nomination for President of the United States. - W.E.B. DuBois: Historian, sociologist, and civil rights activist who was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard University and co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). - John Mercer Langston: First African American lawyer in Ohio, first dean of the Howard University Law School, and the first African American elected to public office in the United States. As you piece together this puzzle, you'll not only have fun, but you'll also learn and honor the remarkable achievements of few of the most important figures in African American history. Warning: This puzzle is a choking hazard and is not for children under 3 years of age. Please be safe. Edition | Open Edition | Height | 18 inches | Length | 24 inches | Medium | Recycled Cardboard | Signed | Unsigned | SKU | PUZ30 | Year Released | 2023 | African American Expressions Greg Perkins was led to start African American Expressions in 1991 from his strong commitment to God and family. Although he only has a high school diploma, Perkins moment of becoming "born again" is seen as his own personal B.A. Now, African American Expressions is the world's largest black-owned gift and greeting-card company.Most in stock items ship in 0 to 5 business depending upon the shipping method selected during checkout. Large framed artwork requires an additional 1 to 5 days of processing time to allow for framing. All orders over $250 ship signature required. Pre-Orders, identified by a “Reserve Now” checkout button, can take 3 to 14 business days to process and ship. If there is an issue with your order we will notify you with 1 to 2 business days. For additional information please visit our: Shipping Policy

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.blackartdepot.com/collections/african-american-expressions-collection/products/from-slavery-to-the-white-house-black-history-african-american-jigsaw-puzzle

2024-10-03T20:47:30Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

When it comes to food, safety and hygiene is the first thing that should come to our mind. It is essential to maintain a balanced and healthy diet to stay fit in the long run. Most importantly, the consumption of vegetables plays a crucial role in providing loads of nutrients to the body and should be selected with great attention to ensure it is fresh. However, certain harmful particles cannot be identified even though they look new and may contain heavy metals that may adversely affect health. Recently, as per the research done by the Environment Management and Policy Research Institute have tested many samples of vegetables and found contamination which was above the limit set by the food and agricultural organization. Let us look into the effective methods that are prevailing today to detect heavy metal contamination: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) is a standard method that is used to identify the heavy metal contamination in vegetables. This method is very accurate in finding the metal particles involved in the veggie and ensuring whether to use it or not. The challenging part is that metal comes in the form of various dangerous substances such as mercury and arsenic, which can grow in plants and subsequently come to the body, which has to be permanently cured following this effective method to make people safe from this serious problem. Hence, in this way, the safety can be tested, and the vegetables can be consumed with no fear. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) is the latest method followed by medical experts, which helps to detect the sensitive and precise calculation of heavy metals. How does it work? It relies on the high-temperature plasma to ionize the sample, and another step is mass spectrometry to find and assess the ions. This procedure has the capability of evaluating plenty of heavy metals at the same time. It will also make the overall process more accessible for showing a plethora of adulterations in vegetables. As we are in the modern lifestyle, this method has to be given high importance and do it accordingly. There are various methods involved in this technique, such as anodic stripping voltammetry, stripping voltammetry and oxidation of heavy metal. Most interestingly, it is relatively cheaper in contrast with the other advanced methods of detecting heavy metal contamination in vegetables. Moreover, it is straightforward, and there is no complication involved in the process. Expert these days prefer methods based on their financial soundness, and at the end of the day, the metals need to be detected from the vegetables, and that is what is essential. All in all, finding heavy metal contamination in vegetables is very crucial to make sure the food is safe for the public. The respective professionals should unite together for mankind and use the methods effectively to find the dangerous metals. The selection of detection methods relies on factors such as cost-effectiveness, advancement and more. Sometimes, the combination of methods delivers quicker results and might have to be used under crucial circumstances. Strictly following the proper procedures will serve the purpose, and you can have a healthier life.

<urn:uuid:75a9cd4c-157d-456b-bf4c-e96ed0da7be4>

CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.bloggersinsights.com/blog/foods-lifestyle/invisible-threat-detecting-heavy-metal-contamination-in-veggies-bid-1042.html

2024-10-03T19:29:28Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

At Brookline Dental Specialists, our goal is to provide you and your family with comprehensive dental care at a single location. Along with pediatric, orthodontic, and periodontic care, we now offer endodontic care at our conveniently-located Brookline office. What is an endodontist? An endodontist is a dental specialist who focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of dental issues related to the internal structures of teeth, primarily tooth pulp. The pulp of a tooth contains nerves, blood vessels, along with other tissue and is located deep inside the tooth. To become an endodontist, a practitioner must first complete four years of dental school. To specialize in endodontics, they must then complete an additional two years of focused dental training to study the most advances techniques in diagnosing and treating internal tooth pain. While the primary goal of endodontic treatment is to save the natural tooth, an endodontist is also concerned with relieving tooth pain. The pain caused by issues in the tooth pulp can be extremely painful if not effectively treated. What procedures does an endodontist perform? The most common procedure performed by an endodontist is root canal therapy. During a root canal procedure, damaged or infected pulp is removed from the pulp chamber and the root canals using specialized instruments. Once the tooth has been completely cleared, the chamber and canals are filled with a special material that protects the tooth from re-infection. Often, a tooth on which root canal therapy has been performed is then covered with a crown. Endodontists are sometimes called “root canal doctors” because of how specialized they are. These specialists are uniquely trained to handle complex cases involving teeth with intricate root canal systems or hard-to-reach areas. Along with root canal therapy, an endodontist might also treat dental abscesses, traumatic dental injuries, place implants, and perform tooth extractions. What diagnostic tools does an endodontist use? Because the pulp lies behind the thick enamel outer layer of the tooth, endodontic issues are commonly diagnosed using x-ray technology. At BDS, we use advanced CBCT 3D scanning technology to give our patients the most accurate diagnoses and individualized treatment plans. CBCT stands for Cone Beam Computed Technology. It is an imaging tool that uses a cone-shaped beam of radiation to capture detailed three-dimensional images. CBCT scans create precise images of the teeth, jawbone, and surround structures. CBCT scans are non-invasive and typically involve a patient sitting or standing while the scanner rotates around their head. A CBCT scan is a quick procedure that takes just a few minutes to complete. When used for endodontic treatment, a CBCT scan helps in detecting dental infections and assessing the root canal anatomy for planning root canal treatment. It offers several advantages over traditional x-rays, including the ability to produce 3D images, lower exposure to radiation, and enhanced visualization of tooth structures for more accurate treatment planning. An operating microscope greatly enhances the endodontist’s ability to view the tiniest details inside your tooth. By magnifying vision up to 25 times that of the naked eye, the dental microscope is useful in both diagnosis and your endodontic treatment. This technology in our practice ensures the highest levels of precision when you are undergoing root canal, and dental surgical procedures. What are the symptoms of endodontic problems? While endodontic problems are often first noticed at routine dental checkups, your dentist may recommend endodontic care if you are experiencing the following symptoms: - Lingering tooth pain - Unexplained pain in your mouth or jaw - Teeth that are highly sensitive to hot, cold, or sweet foods - Inflammation near affected teeth and gums BDS Endodontist Dr. George Koch Our endodontic specialist, Dr. George Koch, is a proud graduate of the Harvard School of Dental Medicine. He received his Certificate of Advanced Graduate Study in Endodontics from the Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine. Dr. Koch currently serves as a part-time faculty member of both the Harvard School of Dental Medicine and the Boston University School of Dental Medicine. He is also a member of the American Association of Endodontists, the Massachusetts Association of Endodontists and the American Dental Association. Dr. Koch believes that root canal treatment should be a quick and pain-free experience. He believes in providing all of his patients with the highest-quality endodontic care possible!

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.brookline-dental.com/endodontic-care/

2024-10-03T19:45:07Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

NASA 's Osiris-Rexspacecraft captured an estimated 2 pounds of material from theasteroid Bennu , where it recently landed.- The spacecraft collected so much alien dust and rock, in fact, that it couldn't close its sample-collection tool. - So mission controllers raced to stow the sample to stop asteroid dust from leaking into space. "Time is of the essence," Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for the So this week, the mission team instructed Osiris-Rex to store its sample inside the designated return capsule ahead of schedule. On Thursday, NASA confirmed that the spacecraft had successfully done so. "I am extremely happy with the sample that we've collected," Dante Lauretta, the Osiris-Rex mission lead, said in a briefing on Thursday. Scientists are pretty sure the spacecraft stashed at least 2 pounds (1 kilogram) of asteroid dust, also called regolith, he added. That's far more than the mission's minimum goal of 2.1 ounces, which is about the mass of a small bag of potato chips. The leaking that occurred before the sample was stored away was only a matter of "tens of grams," according to Lauretta. Once Osiris-Rex returns to Earth in 2023, it's set to drop the capsule holding the asteroid material into the atmosphere. Then the capsule should parachute down into the Utah desert for NASA to pick up. It will be the agency's first sample collected from an asteroid. Maneuvering a spacecraft 200 million miles away To collect its asteroid sample, Osiris-Rex had to fly through a dangerous rock field and give Bennu a kind of cosmic high-five — it touched the surface for just six seconds. The day after that brief landing, the spacecraft beamed images of its precious cargo back to NASA, but the scientists saw debris drifting away. The mission team had previously planned to spend a couple weeks assessing the sample, but they feared losing too much material to the vacuum of space. So they rushed the storage process, working day and night for two days to ensure the sample-collection arm could properly secure the sample inside the capsule. The arm's wrist had to align properly with the capsule so they'd fit together, which sounds simple, but because the spacecraft is 200 million miles away, every command and response faced an 18-minute lag. By Tuesday, the probe's arm had successfully placed its leaky sample-collecting head into the open capsule. To make sure it was locked in, the team directed the arm to tug on the collector head once more and make sure it was securely fastened. By the following day, the team had detached the sample-collecting head from its arm and sealed the return capsule shut. 'The more the merrier' when it comes to sample material Osiris-Rex is expected to begin its long journey home in March 2021. It's slated to return the storage capsule to Earth on September 24, 2023. Within days of the sample's landing in Utah, the team hopes to start analyzing it at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. NASA will also preserve some of the regolith for future study. "These samples returned from Bennu will also allow future planetary scientists to ask questions we can't even think of today and to be able to use analysis techniques that aren't even invented yet," Lori Glaze, the director of NASA's Planetary Science Division, said. That research could be crucial over the next 100-plus years, since Bennu's path puts it at risk of crashing into Earth. "Bennu is one of the most potentially hazardous asteroids, with a non-negligible chance of impacting the Earth at some point in the 22nd century," Lauretta said last month. "Part of our science investigation is about understanding its orbital trajectory, refining the impact probability, and documenting its physical and chemical properties so that future generations can develop an impact-mitigation mission, if that's necessary." There are other important reasons to study Bennu as well: As new missions go deeper into space, they will likely need to make pit stops to mine asteroids for resources like water, which can be split into oxygen and hydrogen for rocket fuel. The data NASA is gathering from Bennu could help inform future asteroid-mining attempts. Similar research could also look at asteroid samples from Japan's Hayabusa-2 spacecraft, which is set to bring its material back to Earth in December. The large volume of regolith that Osiris-Rex collected means NASA will be able to send the alien rock to more laboratories for more experiments than would have been possible had it collected just the minimum 2.1 ounces. "My goal is to get the sample out to as many qualified laboratories around the planet as possible as quickly as possible," Lauretta said. "There's great discoveries to be made, and we it looks like we have abundant sample, so the more the merrier."

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/nasas-asteroid-blasting-spacecraft-has-stored-over-2-pounds-of-alien-dust-and-rock-to-bring-back-to-earth/articleshow/78943259.cms

2024-10-03T20:22:33Z

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en

The influence of role models in shaping family values and behaviors cannot be overstated. Role models play a crucial role in guiding individuals, particularly children, in their development and understanding of societal norms, values, and behaviors. Through observation and emulation, individuals learn from role models, adopting their attitudes, beliefs, and actions as their own. Role models serve as sources of inspiration, providing examples for setting goals and aspirations. They demonstrate the possibilities and potential for personal growth and achievement, motivating individuals to strive for excellence. Additionally, role models impact parenting styles and discipline methods within families. Parents often look to role models for guidance on effective parenting techniques and strategies. Furthermore, role models play a vital role in the transmission of cultural and moral values. They embody and exemplify the values and traditions of a particular culture or community, passing them down through generations. Additionally, role models provide guidance, support, and mentorship, helping individuals navigate through life’s challenges and decisions. However, it is essential to acknowledge the potential negative effects of unhealthy role models. Individuals who display inappropriate or harmful behaviors can negatively influence others, particularly impressionable children. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and promote positive role models who embody desirable values and behaviors. In conclusion, role models play a significant role in shaping family values and behaviors. Their influence extends beyond imitation, inspiring individuals to set goals, providing guidance and support, and transmitting cultural and moral values. By recognizing the importance of positive role models and their impact, families can cultivate a healthy and nurturing environment for personal growth and development. - Role models have a significant influence on shaping family values and behaviors. - Positive role models inspire and motivate individuals to set goals and aspirations. - Unhealthy role models can negatively influence others, especially children, by promoting negative attitudes, behaviors, and values. - Positive role models can serve as catalysts for personal growth and development, leading to improved self-awareness, increased motivation, and the adoption of desirable qualities and values. Influence on Children’s Behavior and Values The presence of positive role models within a family unit has the potential to shape children’s behaviors and values, serving as a guiding light that illuminates the path towards moral and ethical development. Role models provide children with examples of desirable behavior and values, which they can then emulate and incorporate into their own lives. Children learn by observing and imitating those around them, and when they have positive role models within their family, they are more likely to adopt similar behaviors and values. For instance, if a child sees their parents consistently displaying honesty, kindness, and respect towards others, they are more likely to internalize these qualities and exhibit them in their own interactions. Furthermore, positive role models can instill important life skills and provide guidance during challenging situations, helping children navigate through difficult decisions and develop a strong moral compass. Ultimately, the presence of positive role models within a family has a profound impact on shaping children’s behaviors and values, providing them with a solid foundation for personal growth and moral development. Inspiration for Setting Goals and Aspirations Inspiring figures provide individuals with a source of motivation to establish goals and pursue aspirations. They can serve as role models who inspire individuals to strive for success and push themselves beyond their limits. Here are four ways in which role models can inspire individuals in setting goals and aspirations: - Setting high standards: Role models often demonstrate exceptional achievements, encouraging individuals to aim for excellence in their own lives. - Providing guidance: Role models can offer valuable advice and guidance based on their own experiences, helping individuals navigate challenges and make informed decisions. - Instilling belief: Through their achievements, role models instill a sense of belief in individuals, making them believe that they too can accomplish great things. - Inspiring resilience: Role models often overcome obstacles and setbacks, teaching individuals the importance of perseverance and resilience in the pursuit of their goals. By embodying these qualities, role models can have a profound impact on shaping individuals’ goals and aspirations. Impact on Parenting Styles and Discipline Methods Influential figures can profoundly impact the development of parenting styles and methods of discipline. Role models, whether they are celebrities, historical figures, or close family members, can shape the way parents perceive appropriate behaviors and approaches to discipline. Parents often look up to these role models and try to emulate their values and behaviors in their own parenting practices. For example, a parent who admires a strict and authoritative role model may adopt a similar approach, enforcing rules and discipline with firmness and consistency. On the other hand, a parent who idolizes a more permissive and lenient role model may adopt a more relaxed and flexible approach to discipline. Ultimately, the influence of role models on parenting styles and discipline methods highlights the importance of selecting positive and appropriate role models who align with one’s desired family values and behaviors. Transmission of Cultural and Moral Values Cultural and moral values are transmitted from generation to generation through the influence of individuals who exemplify those values and behaviors. Role models play a significant role in shaping family values and behaviors by serving as a source of inspiration and guidance. They embody the cultural and moral values that they wish to pass on to future generations. Through their actions, role models establish a standard of behavior that is admired and emulated by others. They provide a tangible example of what it means to uphold cultural and moral values, and their influence extends beyond mere words or teachings. Role models are like beacons, illuminating the path towards ethical and virtuous living. They inspire individuals to strive for excellence, to cherish their cultural heritage, and to uphold moral principles. A role model who practices kindness and compassion fosters an environment of empathy and understanding within the family. A role model who values hard work and perseverance instills a strong work ethic and determination in their family members. A role model who respects diversity and embraces inclusivity encourages open-mindedness and acceptance within the family unit. Role Models as Sources of Guidance and Support Guided by individuals who embody desired qualities and behaviors, individuals are able to navigate life’s challenges and find support along their journey. Role models serve as sources of guidance and support, providing a framework for individuals to shape their own values and behaviors. They offer a sense of direction and inspiration, demonstrating the possibilities and potential for personal growth. Role models can be found within the family unit, as well as in other spheres such as sports, entertainment, or academia. They can be historical figures, fictional characters, or real-life mentors. By observing and emulating the actions and attitudes of these role models, individuals can develop a sense of identity and purpose, as well as a moral compass to guide their decisions. The table below illustrates some key qualities and behaviors that role models may embody: Qualities and Behaviors | Role Models | Integrity | Mahatma Gandhi | Perseverance | Thomas Edison | Compassion | Mother Teresa | Creativity | Leonardo da Vinci | Through their actions and achievements, role models provide a source of inspiration and guidance, helping individuals shape their own values and behaviors. The Role of Role Models in Teaching Empathy and Compassion Role models serve as exemplars of empathy and compassion, demonstrating through their actions the importance of understanding others’ perspectives and extending kindness and support. They play a crucial role in teaching these values to their families. By observing their role models’ behavior, children learn to put themselves in others’ shoes, recognize and validate their emotions, and respond with empathy. Role models also teach the value of compassion by showing kindness, helping others in need, and fostering a sense of community. Through their actions, they model how to treat others with respect, tolerance, and understanding. As children internalize these behaviors, they are more likely to display empathy and compassion in their interactions with others. Ultimately, role models play a significant role in shaping family values and behaviors by teaching the importance of empathy and compassion. Negative Effects of Unhealthy Role Models Transitioning from the role of role models in teaching empathy and compassion, it is important to consider the negative effects that unhealthy role models can have on shaping family values and behaviors. Unhealthy role models can influence individuals, particularly children, to adopt negative attitudes, behaviors, and values. For instance, if a child observes a role model engaging in dishonesty, aggression, or substance abuse, they may internalize these behaviors as acceptable or normal. This can lead to the perpetuation of negative patterns within the family unit. Additionally, unhealthy role models may promote materialistic values, disregard for others’ well-being, and a lack of empathy. Consequently, family members may prioritize personal gain over the welfare of others, contributing to strained relationships and an erosion of family values. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the potential detrimental impact of unhealthy role models and actively strive to provide positive, wholesome examples for individuals to emulate. Role Models as Catalysts for Personal Growth and Development Exemplary individuals can serve as powerful catalysts for personal growth and development, inspiring others to strive for self-improvement and reach their full potential. Role models who embody desirable qualities and values can motivate individuals to adopt similar behaviors and attitudes, leading to positive changes in their lives. These individuals can provide guidance, encouragement, and inspiration to those who look up to them, instilling a sense of purpose and direction. Benefits of Role Models as Catalysts for Personal Growth and Development | | 1. Motivation | Role models can inspire individuals to set goals, work hard, and persevere through challenges. | 2. Skill development | Observing role models can help individuals acquire new skills and knowledge, leading to personal growth and increased self-confidence. | 3. Moral compass | Role models can help shape one’s moral compass by demonstrating ethical behavior and values, influencing individuals to make positive choices and act with integrity. | Overall, role models play a crucial role in shaping family values and behaviors by serving as catalysts for personal growth and development. Their positive influence can lead to improved self-awareness, increased motivation, and the adoption of desirable qualities and values. Frequently Asked Questions How do role models influence children’s behavior and values? Role models play a significant role in shaping children’s behavior and values. They serve as examples for children to emulate, providing guidance and influencing their attitudes, beliefs, and actions in various aspects of life. How can role models inspire individuals to set goals and aspirations? Role models can inspire individuals to set goals and aspirations by providing a positive example and demonstrating the possibilities that can be achieved. Their actions and achievements serve as motivation for others to strive for success and personal growth. What impact do role models have on parenting styles and discipline methods? Role models have a significant impact on parenting styles and discipline methods. They provide examples for parents to emulate and can shape their approach to raising children, influencing their values and behaviors. How do role models transmit cultural and moral values? Role models transmit cultural and moral values by exemplifying desired behaviors and attitudes through their actions and words. Their influence can shape the values and behaviors of individuals, including within the family unit. What role do role models play in teaching empathy and compassion? Role models play a significant role in teaching empathy and compassion by providing examples of empathetic and compassionate behaviors. Through observation and emulation, individuals can learn to develop these qualities and apply them in their own lives.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.cissetrading.com/what-is-the-role-of-role-models-in-shaping-family-values-and-behaviors/

2024-10-03T20:23:49Z

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en

External gear pumps are essential components in many hydraulic systems and fluid transfer applications. Their reliability and efficiency make them a popular choice across various industries. In this article, we’ll explore the fundamentals of external gear pumps, their advantages, applications, and key specifications. What is an External Gear Pump? An external gear pump consists of two interlocking gears enclosed in a casing. The rotation of these gears creates a vacuum that draws fluid into the pump and then forces it out under pressure. The external gear design allows for precise fluid movement and is ideal for applications requiring consistent flow rates. Key Components of External Gear Pumps Here’s a quick overview of the main components: - Drive Gear: The gear connected to the power source (motor or engine) that drives the pump. - Driven Gear: The gear that receives motion from the drive gear and moves fluid through the pump. - Pump Casing: Encloses the gears and contains the fluid, ensuring proper operation and preventing leaks. - Seal: Prevents fluid leakage between the gears and casing. Advantages of External Gear Pumps External gear pumps offer several benefits that make them suitable for various applications: - High Efficiency: Provides a consistent and reliable flow rate with minimal pulsation. - Durability: Designed to handle a range of fluids and can withstand high pressures. - Low Maintenance: Simple construction and fewer moving parts reduce maintenance needs. - Versatility: Can be used for different types of fluids, including viscous and abrasive liquids. Applications of External Gear Pumps External gear pumps are used in numerous industries. Here’s a list of common applications: - Hydraulic Systems: Used in machinery and equipment for precise fluid control. - Automotive: Powers engine oil and fuel systems. - Chemical Processing: Handles corrosive and hazardous fluids. - Food and Beverage: Transfers viscous substances like syrups and sauces. Specifications to Consider When selecting an external gear pump, consider the following specifications: Specification | Description | Flow Rate | The volume of fluid the pump can move per unit of time (e.g., liters per minute). | Pressure Rating | The maximum pressure the pump can handle (e.g., bar or psi). | Gear Material | Material used for the gears (e.g., steel, stainless steel, or plastic). | Viscosity Range | The range of fluid viscosities the pump can handle (e.g., centipoise). | Temperature Range | The operating temperature range (e.g., -20°C to 100°C). | Choosing the Right External Gear Pump Selecting the right external gear pump involves evaluating your specific needs and the pump’s specifications. Consider the following factors: - Flow Requirements: Ensure the pump can handle the desired flow rate for your application. - Fluid Characteristics: Match the pump’s material and design to the type of fluid being pumped. - Pressure Needs: Verify that the pump can operate at the required pressure levels. External gear pumps are a reliable and efficient choice for fluid transfer and hydraulic systems. Understanding their components, advantages, applications, and specifications can help you make an informed decision when selecting a pump for your needs. Whether you’re in automotive, chemical processing, or any other industry, external gear pumps offer a durable and versatile solution for your fluid handling requirements.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.cncprog.com/external-gear-pumps/

2024-10-03T20:09:03Z

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en

In the realm of entertainment and chance, gambling stands as a captivating yet controversial activity that has woven its way into societies throughout history. From the vibrant lights of casinos to the convenience of online platforms, the allure of testing one’s luck and potentially striking it rich is a powerful draw for many. However, beneath the glittering facades and promises of fortune lie the stark realities of risk and uncertainty that accompany the world of gambling. It is a realm where excitement and caution intertwine, offering moments of euphoria and heartache in equal measure. The Psychology of Risk When it comes to gambling, the human mind often enters a complex dance of emotions and thoughts. The allure of potentially winning big can trigger a surge of adrenaline, excitement, and anticipation in individuals. This powerful cocktail of emotions can lead to a temporary escape from reality and create a sense of thrill that keeps players coming back for more. On the flip side, the risks inherent in gambling can evoke feelings of anxiety, stress, and even guilt in some individuals. The fear of losing money, the shame of addiction, and the regret of making impulsive decisions can all contribute to a rollercoaster of emotions that impact a person’s mental well-being. Understanding how these emotions manifest and affect decision-making is crucial in examining the psychology of risk in gambling. Perhaps one of the most intriguing aspects of the psychology of risk in gambling is how different individuals respond to uncertainty and probability. Some may be exhilarated by the challenge of taking calculated risks, while others may be paralyzed by the fear of the unknown. These varying responses shed light on the diverse ways in which humans approach risk-taking behavior, offering insight into the intricate relationship between the mind and gambling. Effects on Society Gambling can have a significant impact on society as a whole. It is often linked to increases in crime rates, including theft and fraud, as individuals may resort to illegal activities to fund their gambling habits. Communities with high levels of gambling also tend to experience higher rates of bankruptcy and financial instability among residents. Moreover, the prevalence of gambling can lead to social issues such as addiction and mental health problems. For many individuals, the thrill of gambling can quickly spiral out of control, leading to compulsive behavior and a cycle of financial losses. This not only affects the individual but also strains relationships with family and friends, creating a ripple effect within the community. Additionally, the promotion of gambling through advertising and sponsorships can normalize this behavior, especially among vulnerable populations such as youth and low-income individuals. The glamorization of gambling in media and popular culture can further contribute to the normalization of risky behavior, potentially leading to harmful consequences for society at large. Responsible Gambling Practices It is vital to set financial limits before engaging in any form of gambling. Establishing a budget and sticking to it can help prevent excessive losses and maintain control over one’s finances. Additionally, taking breaks during gambling sessions can assist in avoiding impulsive decisions and maintaining a clear mindset while playing. Another important aspect of responsible gambling is to be aware of the signs of problem gambling. This includes feeling the need to gamble with increasing amounts of money, being preoccupied with gambling, and experiencing restlessness or irritability when attempting to cut back on gambling activities. Seeking help from support groups or professional services is crucial if any of these signs are present. Lastly, practicing self-exclusion can be a powerful tool for individuals struggling with controlling their gambling habits. togel hk Most casinos and online gambling platforms offer self-exclusion programs, allowing players to restrict their access for a set period. This preventative measure can provide a needed break and facilitate the decision to take a step back from gambling for those in need of assistance.

<urn:uuid:f346cc54-6627-4fea-9b91-6bbcc639c7a1>

CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.comparateur-mutuelle-entreprise.org/rolling-the-dice-unveiling-the-thrills-and-risks-of-gambling/

2024-10-03T20:08:45Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

Traditional agriculture is at the mercy of changes in the weather, insect plagues, and human error. Can technology help this sector? The answer this yes. Digitalisation has arrived and experts are already talking about “the big new revolution in the agricultural sector”. This version 4.0 is a product of the intelligent industry concept and incorporates tools that gather data from the entire agro-food chain and process it to create models that are more effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly. Apps: everything your crops need, right in your pocket Mobile applications can tell us how our crops are doing and what they need at any time, no matter where we are. One of these apps has been made by Cesens, a leader in hardware and software systems for the agriculture sector. The app makes it possible to precisely control crops in real time. Its useful functions include knowing if crops are at risk of an insect plague or diseases, as well as monitoring hydric stress and water levels in the soil. It also has an instant alert system so that users can receive updates on their mobile phones. Drones: watching from above Drones are able to fly over large areas of agricultural terrain in a short amount of time, collecting high-quality images and huge quantities of data. Catalan company Hemav uses drone technology and agronomic data in order to make recommendations to the agricultural sector, ensuring that their processes are more efficient. With the data that they collect, the company can make estimates about both the quantity and the quality of crops. Robots: a helping hand for more difficult tasks Robotics increases efficiency, reduces our dependency on the labour factor when it comes to more difficult tasks, and lowers costs. The start-up Automato Robotics offers a potential solution to the agricultural employment crisis by developing efficient and affordable robots for all types of farmers. Their star product is a robot that harvests greenhouse tomato crops.

<urn:uuid:656107ce-b43e-47b0-8b45-33d21d2bc75d>

CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.connectionsbyfinsa.com/smart-agro/?lang=en

2024-10-03T20:46:53Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

Deaths this summer in Louisiana resulting from West Nile virus infection lend new importance to a recent study that compares the efficacy of different repellents in protecting people from the bites of mosquitoes. Investigators tested the relative efficacy of 16 repellents, based on either synthetic chemicals or plant-derived essential oils. The repellents included seven botanicals (such as citronella); four products containing N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, now called N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET); a repellent with IR3535 (ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate); three repellent-impregnated wristbands; and Skin-So-Soft Original Bath Oil, the moisturizer that is commonly believed to have a repellent effect. The products were tested in a controlled laboratory environment using 15 volunteers. DEET-based products provided complete protection for the longest time, and the higher the concentration, the longer the protection. When volunteers whose forearms were treated with a preparation containing 4.75% DEET thrust their arms into a cage of mosquitoes, the first bite occurred an average of 88.4 minutes latercompared with 301.5 minutes on an arm treated with 23.8% DEET. A controlled-release DEET formulation did not prolong the product's duration of action. No non-DEET product protected for longer than 1.5 hours. Only the soybean oilbased repellent protected for nearly as long (88.4 minutes) as the lowest-concentration DEET product tested. Protection time for the IR3535based repellent was, on average, 22.9 minutes; for citronella-based repellents, 20 minutes or less. Skin-So-Soft Original Bath Oil provided only 9.6 minutes of protection. With repellent-impregnated wristbands, which contained either 9.5% DEET or 25% citronella, protection time was, on average, only 12 to 18 secondsnot long enough to run back into the house for a repellent that contains DEET (Fradin MS et al: N Engl J Med 2002;347:13). Commentary: So much for my stockpile of Skin-So-Soft. DEET-containing products appear to be the way to go. In an April 1998 report, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concluded that "as long as consumers follow label directions and take proper precautions, insect repellents containing DEET do not present a health concern. . . ." For more on this subject, visit the EPA's Web site ( www.epa.gov/pesticides ). In a randomized trial set in primary care practices, investigators determined the predictors of outcome in acute otitis media and assessed whether these predictors identify children who are likely to benefit from an immediate antibiotic. The 315 subjects, all of whom had an acute earache and otoscopic evidence of acute inflammation, were 6 months to 10 years old. Each received either an immediate antibiotic (amoxicillin or, for those allergic to penicillin, erythromycin) or a delayed antibiotic. Physicians asked parents whose children were in the delayed treatment group to wait 72 hours before considering using the prescription. The physicians recorded days of illness, physical signs, and filled antibiotic prescriptions, and parents kept a daily diary of their child's symptoms, perceived severity of pain, episodes of distress, temperature, vomiting, and other parameters of illness. Analysis of the data showed that children who had a high temperature or experienced vomiting at the time of diagnosis were most likely to have a poor outcome by Day 3 of their illness. An immediate antibiotic in these children resulted in less distress, fewer disturbed nights, and fewer days of crying. Children who did not have a higher temperature or experience vomiting on the first day of illness benefited less from an immediate antibiotic. Investigators concluded that clinicians should target for an immediate antibiotic the minority of children with systemic features (high temperature or vomiting), who are at higher risk of a poor outcome. Although cough also predicted poor outcome, it did not predict benefit from an antibiotic. The authors noted that, even among untreated children with systemic features, approximately half will feel better within 72 hours (Little P et al: BMJ 2002;325:22). Commentary: We've always known that some children with otitis media heal spontaneouslybut which ones? These authors hope to provide that answer. If their findings hold, the rate of antibiotic use may well continue to fall. Investigators analyzed National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 1989 through 2000 to assess the trend in prescribing of antimicrobials for children and adolescents younger than 15 years. Extracted data were for 1) antibiotic prescribing overall and 2) antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infection specifically. Two types of prescribing rates were used: a population-based rate (prescriptions for every 1,000 US children annually) and a visit-based rate (prescriptions every 1,000 patient visits). The number of US office-based physicians participating in each two-year period of the study ranged from 2,500 to 3,500. The average population-based annual rate of overall antimicrobial prescribing decreased 40% from the 19891990 period to the 19992000 period (from 833 to 503 scripts for every 1,000 children annually). For patients given a diagnosis of respiratory tract infection, the average annual rate decreased 44% between these two periods. The average visit-based annual rate of overall antimicrobial prescribing also decreased between the periods, but by less29% (from 330 to 234 antibiotic prescriptions for every 1,000 children's visits). For respiratory tract infection, the visit-based decline was 14%. The decline in the population- and visit-based antimicrobial prescribing rates was similar for three of five specific respiratory tract infections analyzed: pharyngitis, sinusitis, and upper respiratory tract infection. For otitis media and bronchitis, however, a decrease was seen only in the population-based antimicrobial prescribing rate. This indicates that, for patients who made an office visit for otitis and bronchitis, physicians prescribed an antibiotic at the same rate they did 10 years ago (McCaig LF et al: JAMA 2002;287:3096). Commentary: If these rate changes are accurate and not the result of reporting bias, they are the product of a huge effort: the education of physicians and the education of parents by physicians. It remains to be seen if the resistant bacterial strains will retreat in the face of this restraint. SSRI therapy associated with growth attenuation. A new report describes four children, all between 11 and 13 years old, who were treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for obsessive-compulsive disorder or Tourette syndrome. All had growth attenuation, possibly secondary to suppression of growth hormone secretion (Weintrob N et al: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002;156:696). Giving prescription medication to a toddler is often difficult, so when I prescribe an antibiotic, I recommend that the parent make several different flavors of gelatin dessert and place them in a compartmentalized ice tray in the refrigerator (not the freezer) to gel. Then I give the parent a sample syringe, minus the needle. When it's time for a dose, the parent asks the child to choose which flavored gelatin cube "gets the medicine," removes the selected cube from the tray, and injects the medicine ontonot intothe cube. Once the cube is popped into the child's mouth, slipperiness and the tangy flavor do the rest. When dust, eyelashes, dirt, or other nonpenetrating foreign bodies get into the eye, a small adhesive bandage can be used to remove them. Unwrap a fresh bandage and lightly touch the foreign body with a corner or folded back portion of the adhesive strip. If you need to, you can even do it to yourself while looking in a mirror. Be sure to carefully lift the foreign body away from the cornea to avoid abrasion. Do you have a Clinical Tip to share with colleagues? Let us know; we'll pay $50 for each item accepted for publication. Tips sent by mail should be addressed to Molly Frederick, Clinical Tips Editor, Contemporary Pediatrics, 5 Paragon Drive, Montvale, NJ 07645-1742. If you submit by e-mail (firstname.lastname@example.org), please include your mailing address. Journal Club. Contemporary Pediatrics 2002;9:22.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/view/journal-club-48

2024-10-03T19:58:40Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

Royal Caribbean’s Icon of the Seas continues to make headlines months after its inaugural sail and people are still talking about the enormity of it. Though the ship has been sailing since the beginning of the year, a recent video featuring its arrival in Port Miami has gained traction online with many users asking “how does this thing manage to float?” The answer can be found in most grade school science classrooms – buoyancy. When a massive ship such as the Icon of the Seas is hulking past seemingly without effort, it is because it is pushing aside water, displacing enough to equal its weight. Structural designs such as a U-shaped hull help the ship carve through the waves and displace water. The hull’s round edges reduce potential drag and keep the ship from rolling. When building the immense ‘floating cities’ we know as cruises today, engineers must take weight distribution into account. Ships that are bottom-heavy will sink while the opposite would cause the ship to be destabilized, increasing the probability it would topple over.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.cruiseshiplawyersblog.com/category/crew-member-injuries/

2024-10-03T19:10:43Z

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en

Revolutionizing Gastrointestinal Surgery: The Benefits of Robotic Surgery In the realm of modern day healthcare, advancements in technology continually push the boundaries of what's possible, particularly in the field of surgery. Robotic surgery, once a futuristic concept, has now become a cornerstone of many surgical specialties, including gastro-intestinal surgery. With its ability to achieve greater precision, navigate challenging anatomical landscapes, and cater to patients with higher body mass index (BMI), robotic surgery is revolutionizing how we approach gastrointestinal procedures. One of the most significant advantages of robotic surgery in gastrointestinal procedures lies in its unparalleled precision. Traditional laparoscopic surgery, while minimally invasive, often requires surgeons to maneuver instruments with limited dexterity and range of motion. However, robotic systems provide surgeons with enhanced control and precision through articulated robotic arms and high-definition, magnified 3D imaging. In gastro-intestinal surgeries such as Cholecystectomy, Hernia-AWR, Colo-rectal resections or Bariatric procedures, precision is paramount. The intricate nature of these surgeries demands meticulous dissection and suturing skills, tasks in which robotic systems greatly augment the surgeons capabilities. Surgeons can manipulate tiny instruments with enhanced precision, resulting in reduced trauma to surrounding tissues, minimized blood loss, and faster recovery times for patients. Overcoming Anatomical Challenges The gastrointestinal tract presents a complex anatomical landscape with numerous delicate structures intertwined. Conventional laparoscopic surgery can be challenging in such scenarios, especially in cases where the target area is deep-seated or obscured by surrounding organs. Robotic surgery offers a solution to these challenges by providing surgeons with enhanced visualization and maneuverability. The three-dimensional, high-definition visualization provided by robotic systems allows surgeons to navigate intricate anatomical structures with greater ease and accuracy. This is particularly beneficial in procedures such as hiatal surgery, pelvic & rectal surgeries, where precise dissection around critical structures is essential to preserve vital functions. By offering a magnified view and articulated instruments that mimic the human wrist's range of motion, robotic surgery empowers surgeons to perform these procedures with confidence and precision. Catering to Patients with High BMI Another notable advantage of robotic surgery in gastrointestinal procedures is its ability to cater to patients with a higher body mass index (BMI). Obesity presents unique challenges in surgery, including limited access to the operative site, increased risk of complications, and technical difficulties in maneuvering instruments within the abdominal cavity. Robotic surgery mitigates many of these challenges by offering improved access and maneuverability. The longer reach and flexibility of robotic arms enable surgeons to reach deep-seated structures more easily, even in patients with higher BMIs. Additionally, the enhanced visualization provided by robotic systems facilitates better identification of anatomical landmarks, reducing the risk of inadvertent injury and ensuring optimal surgical outcomes. In conclusion, robotic surgery has emerged as a game-changer in the field of gastrointestinal surgery, offering a multitude of benefits ranging from enhanced precision to improved outcomes in challenging anatomical scenarios and in patients with higher BMIs. By leveraging advanced technology to augment surgical capabilities, robotic systems empower surgeons to perform complex procedures with greater confidence and efficacy, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of care. As technology continues to evolve, the role of robotic surgery in gastro-intestinal procedures is poised to expand, further shaping the future of surgical innovation and patient care.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.drvishalsoni.com/post/benefits-of-robotic-surgery

2024-10-03T20:43:21Z

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All official European Union website addresses are in the europa.eu domain. See all EU institutions and bodiesDo something for our planet, print this page only if needed. Even a small action can make an enormous difference when millions of people do it! 3.1 Why is information needed? Over the past two decades four European Community Action Programmes on the environment have given rise to about 200 pieces of environmental legislation. While a great deal has been achieved, the general state of the environment continues to slowly deteriorate. This assessment was made in The Fifth Environmental Action Programme based on a Report on the State of the Environment. The Action Programme highlighted the need for a more far reaching and more effective strategy which could only be assured if the quantity and quality of information was good enough. Several deficiencies in the available environmental information were highlighted: Against this background, it was decided to establish a European Environment Agency. This section describes the reporting tasks laid down in the EEA Regulation (No. 1210/90, EEC 1990) and gives a broad indication of the policy issues. These are fully described in the report on the ETC/IW project MW1 (Nixon et al. 1996). In addition, key questions that the Agency may need, or be asked, to address were identified by the ETC members. 3.2 The role of European Environment Agency 3.2.1 EEA Regulation The European Environment Agency was established by Council Regulation (COM 1995) No. 1210/90 of 7 May 1990. The Regulation describes in detail the role and tasks expected of the Agency. The main task of the Agency is to provide the European Union and the EEA Member States with: objective, reliable and comparable information at a European level enabling them to take the requisite measures to protect the environment, to assess the results of such measures and to ensure that the public is properly informed about the State of the environment. The Regulation also stipulates priority areas of work for the Agency in Article 3. These include water quality, pollutants and water resources. The Agency must also take into account in its descriptions and assessments of the environment: With regard to monitoring and information gathering Article 2 lists the Agencys tasks to be: 3.2.2 The Dobrí Report The pan-European Conference of Environment Ministers at Dobrí Castle in 1991 called for the preparation of a State of the Environment report for Europe and invited the European Commission to take responsibility for the work. This request recognised the need for the compilation of reliable and comparable data in order develop effective policies for Europes environment. The report identified a number of problems associated with the aquatic environment in Europe not only in the EEA area but also in central and eastern European countries (CEEC). These included: water scarcity problems in southern European countries, over-exploitation of groundwater (65% of Europes population is supplied from groundwater), nitrate problems in north-western Europe, pesticides in soil water, river and lake eutrophication, and acidification of rivers and lakes. Important and significant information gaps were also identified including the absence of regional water resource statistics with the present rates and trends of water abstraction by source and economic sectors poorly known. Comparable and reliable data on groundwater quantity and quality are almost completely lacking and, in general, a comparison of surface water quality across Europe was very difficult due to lack of comparable and reliable data. In particular there is a lack of data on small rivers and lakes, and data on organic micropollutants, metals and radioactivity is patchy and incomplete. The biological assessments of river quality are carried out using a variety of methods and are therefore poorly comparable. There is also no pan-European water quality database and reporting schemes differ markedly between countries. With regard to marine waters and seas there is very little comparable data on water quality and biology available for the White Sea and the Barents Sea, and estimates of pollutant loads from different human activities and natural sources in general are not available. There is also a need for a unified procedure for estimating land-based emissions to seas so that comparison of contaminant load estimates between different seas can be made. As for fresh water, there is no pan-European marine water quality database and reporting schemes differ markedly between seas. The Dobrí report also defined prominent European environmental problems which have potential implications on the monitoring required (or at least the data and information required) to define and assess temporal and spatial differences. The Prominent European Environmental Problems (as defined in the Dobrí report) are summarised below. Article 2 of the EEA Regulation also requires that a state of the environment report be published every 3 years. 3.2.3 Establishment of a pan-European network It is likely that the area of interest of the Agency will be extended to cover those countries included in the Dobrí assessment and will thus have a pan-European role. To that end the Third UNECE Conference of Environment Ministers held in Sofia on 23 to 25 October 1995 confirmed the pan-European mandate of the Agency. The conference also requested that the Agency should report on progress in respect of the main issues identified in the Dobrí report before the next conference scheduled for 1998. The EU PHARE programme has also endorsed CEEC collaboration with the EEA. Initially two projects will be funded in the 11 PHARE countries one of which will involve the setting up of an inland water-monitoring network. It will, however, be necessary to establish links with countries not include in the PHARE programme but covered by the Sofia Conference. These will include Belarussia, Moldova, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. 3.3 European policy 3.3.1 Groundwater action and water management programme A Ministerial seminar held at the Hague in 1991, on the long term deterioration of the quality and quantity of water resources, emphasised the special significance of groundwater in the water cycle and in ecosystems, and as a source for drinking water. As a result, the European Council called for a Community Action and required that a detailed action programme be drawn up for comprehensive protection and management of groundwater as part of an overall policy on water protection. This has lead to a draft proposal for a Groundwater Action and Water Management Programme (GAP) which requires a programme of actions to be implemented by the year 2000 at national and Community level, aiming at sustainable management and protection of freshwater resources. The draft proposal develops the basic quality standards for groundwater adding, at the same time, a quantitative dimension to water management. National action programmes should aim for full implementation by 2000 and should address elements such as: mapping and monitoring of quality and quantity of freshwater resources, identification and designation of protection zones for areas of particular ecological interest and sensitivity, including present and future resources for drinking water and other resources. Water quality and quantity should be appropriately monitored in order to provide information allowing Member States to follow developments in quality and quantity of aquifers and, in particular, detection of early signs of deterioration from leaching of dangerous substances towards groundwater reservoirs 3.3.2 Fifth environmental action programme The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro focused the worlds attention on the need to promote environmentally sustainable development. Agenda 21 was one of the agreements arising from the Rio Conference which sets out a comprehensive programme of actions for achieving sustainable development, sector by sector for the next century. National strategies and action plans are the key to the implementation of Agenda 21: the 5th Environmental Action Programme, (EAP) published in March 1992, represents an important starting point for the implementation of Agenda 21 in the EU. The 5th EAP stated that community policies must aim at: Long term targets to be achieved by the year 2000 are also given. These are in line with the programme of action outlined in the Hague Declaration and the subsequent GAP. The objectives of these targets include for groundwater: the maintenance of uncontaminated aquifers; the prevention of further contamination of contaminated aquifers; and the restoration of contaminated aquifers for drinking water. For surface freshwaters, the objective is to maintain a high ecological quality with a biodiversity corresponding, as much as possible, to the unperturbed state of a given water; and for marine waters a reduction of discharges of all environmentally hazardous substances to levels consistent with a high standard of ecological quality. For marine waters there is also an action for surveillance of geographic zones with appropriate monitoring techniques. It is likely also that specific monitoring would be required to achieve the other objectives, particularly for groundwater, where relatively little monitoring is apparently undertaken at present. 3.3.3 Transboundary water course This was developed under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe to provide a mechanism for prevention of transboundary water pollution and rational use of water resources in Europe. The EU has signed the Convention and the Commission submitted to the Council in 1993 a proposal for a Council decision on the ratification of the Unions signature. Though not yet ratified by the Council, monitoring programmes, if adopted, would be required for monitoring the condition of transboundary waters, surface and ground water. These programmes will be for quality and quantity determinants as appropriate for the water body and as agreed by the relevant States. 3.3.4 The proposed directive on the ecological quality of surface waters The concept of directly assessing ecological quality rather than relying solely on chemical and physical measures has gained support over recent years. In recognition of this the European Commission proposed a directive on the ecological quality of water (COM (93) 680 final) which will require Member States to determine the ecological quality of their surface waters. Monitoring of a representative portion of all surface waters in the EU area will be required and will place the emphasis on biological determinants and indicators rather than solely on chemical and physical determinants. The Commissions Communication on EC Water Policy (COM (96) 59 final) proposes to replace the Ecological Quality of Water proposal with a Water Resources Framework Directive which would have a wider scope of application. The basic requirement to assess ecological quality will, however, remain.3.4 Identification of key questions Consideration of the above led to the definition of what issues the Agency might wish to address, or be asked to address, and the questions that they might wish to respond to through the assessment of data and information obtained from an EEA-wide monitoring network. Each of these questions could be sub-divided by further definitions of water types, for example: on headwaters, small rivers or large rivers. Some of these questions would be pertinent to both surface freshwaters and groundwater, and also to estuaries and coastal waters. It should be noted that this report does not include estuaries and tidal waters within the network design. In many of these questions there is an explicit need to try to relate differences in water quality and quantity to human activities in catchments, and thereby try to demonstrate cause/effect relationships. The addition of supportive activity information will add a further layer of difficulty to implementing the network. There will, therefore, be key determinants (primary and secondary) and indicators that will provide the information to address the questions. Associated with the selected key determinants will be definition of sampling methodologies. As important for comparability will be the expression of results. For example, annual averages, seasonal averages, percentiles, range, confidence limits and data handling procedures (validation, treatment of "less than" and missing values, identification of outliers etc., data storage and transfer procedures. The precision of aggregated statistics (for example the estimated mean or 10th percentile) depends on the variability (usually random variation, but also systematic variation in some circumstances) of the data as well as the number of sampling stations and the sampling frequency at those stations. The more variability there is the more samples and/or sampling stations will be needed to attain a certain level of precision. It is important to have good precision so that the chances of detecting real differences are satisfactorily high. 3.5 Presentation of results As has already been described there is likely to be a wide audience for the information provided and reported by the Agency. This will include technical experts, national regulators, pressure groups, national and European politicians and policy makers. It is likely, therefore, that the level or type of information they require (and are able to interpret or understand) will be different ranging from detailed statistical assessments of current status and trends in key sectors to summary colours on maps giving very broad brush comparisons between States across Europe. In the present Dobrí report a series of coloured pie charts and symbols on maps are provided for comparison using a number of coloured classes based on ranges of determinant levels. This implies that some sort of classification may be applicable or desirable giving the requirement for additional technical decisions on how any particular site or water body should be assigned a class. This would potentially be of great (political) importance to individual European States. This is discussed further in Section 7.8. As well as this type of comparison map it is likely that thematic reports will be required in which specific problems will be temporally and spatially assessed and compared. Spatial comparisons would be generally presented again as different colours. There may also be a desire to relate differences in quality and quantity to potential causal agents, that is establish cause and effect relationships. This in itself raises many difficult technical issues and points of debate. Perhaps it should serve as a reminder that when statistical rules and procedures are applied in the design of the network that all may be reduced to five colours on maps. It is also understood that the Agency has no desire to establish, and would not be best able to handle, a large database of monitoring data. Rather, it will be the recipient of metadata or summary information. It will be important, therefore, that procedures are introduced with the national data keepers so that comparable metadata will be dispatched to the Agency. It will also be important that thematic and quality reports are produced promptly by the Agency from up-to-date information rather than that collected several years previously. Information from each country would also have to have been collected over the same period (year).

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The Mammoth Cheese The Mammoth Cheese Jefferson. Many Americans agreed with Thomas Jefferson that his election to the presidency in 1800 marked a revolution as profound as the Revolution of 1776. Jefferson’s inauguration meant not only a return to republican principles but also an affirmation of American character. Some sought to celebrate Jefferson’s election by presenting the president with evidence of American greatness. From Philadelphia two butchers sent Jefferson a veal shank, the largest ever produced by a calf. Though the veal had spoiled by the time it reached Washington, D.C., in October 1801, Jefferson admired its beauty and size, which he saw as further evidence to refute the French naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon’s theory that animals in the New World were smaller than those of Europe. Elder Leland. In Massachusetts, Baptist leader John Leland inspired his congregation to celebrate Jefferson’s election in a similar way. Leland had been born in Massachusetts but had lived in Virginia in the 1780s. There he had run against James Madison for a seat in Virginia’s ratifying convention in 1788, but he had withdrawn when Madison persuaded the Baptist minister that the Constitution would not threaten religious liberty. Jefferson’s and Madison’s firm support for religious freedom had made Leland and other Baptists enthusiastic supporters of the Republicans. Massachusetts, overwhelmingly Federalist and Congregationalist, was not a welcoming place for those political and religious dissenters. Special Gift. Leland’s congregation sought to demonstrate their support for Jefferson by presenting him with the largest cheese ever manufactured. Nine hundred Republican cows (Leland assured the president that no Federalist cows had contributed) produced enough milk to make a block of cheese four feet across and fifteen inches thick weighing 1, 235 pounds. Leland put the cheese on a sleigh in December 1801 to begin its journey to Washington. Republican Farmer. Jefferson received the cheese as evidence of the “ebullition of the passion of republicanism in a state where it has been under heavy persecution,” and he displayed it in a special room, dubbed the “mammoth room.” The mammoth cheese showed not only that American farmers could produce great quantities of foods, but that even in Federalist Massachusetts ordinary farmers welcomed the accession of Jefferson. One newspaper headline called it “The greatest Cheese in America, for the Greatest Man in America.” Jefferson gave Leland a $200 donation for his church and had him preach to the members of Congress during his stay in Washington. The president attended the session and heard Leland preach on the text, after which he commented, “And behold a greater than Solomon is here,” which flattered Jefferson even more than had the cheese. Federalist Reaction. Manasseh Cutler, a Congregationalist minister and Federalist representative from Massachusetts, was disgusted by this spectacle. He called Leland “a poor, illiterate, clownish creature,” and of the sermon to Congress, Cutler wrote, Such a farrago, bawled with stunning voice, horrid tone, frightful grimaces, and extravagant gestures, I believe was never heard by any decent auditory before. Shame or laughter appeared in every countenance. Such an outrage upon religion, the Sabbath, and common decency was extremely painful to every sober, thinking person present. But it answered to the much-wished for purpose of the Democrats, to see religion exhibited in the most ridiculous manner. Aftermath. Cutler voiced the minority opinion on the matter. Jefferson continued to serve Leland’s cheese for the next three years, finally carving out the last of it at a New Year’s Day reception in 1805. By that time much of it had been discarded after mold had set in, and some Federalists went so far as to say that all of the mammoth cheese had actually been dumped into the Potomac River. The aroma of the ripe cheese filled the air at the president’s mansion for most of Jefferson’s first term. Dumas Malone, Jefferson and His Time, volume 4: Jefferson the President, 1801–1804 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970).

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What does a fetus look like at 5 months? By the end of the fifth month, the fetus is about 10 inches long and weighs from 1/2 to 1 pound. If you could look inside the uterus right now, you would see that the fetus’s skin is reddish in color, wrinkled and veins are visible through translucent skin. The finger and toe prints are visible. How does an ultrasound look at 5 months? This is the ultrasound that people look forward to the most! The full anatomy ultrasound is typically performed at about 20 weeks, or 5 months. As the name implies, this ultrasound will look at all the baby’s organ systems to make sure they’re present, are a normal size and shape, and are in the right location. What does a baby look like on an ultrasound at 5 weeks? At this stage, the only things you’ll likely see are the yolk sac and the gestational sac. It’s possible that the sonographer might be able to point out the embryo, which at this stage is likely a tiny white curled object. Surrounding the embryo is the yolk sac, which will look like a small white circle. How big is a fetus at 5months? The fetus has a CRL of about 6.5 inches (16 cm). Lanugo — a fine downy hair — covers the body. The skin is also covered with vernix caseosa, a greasy material that protects the skin. Can you tell the gender at 5 months? Since an ultrasound creates an image of your baby, it can also reveal the sex of your baby. Most doctors schedule an ultrasound at around 18 to 21 weeks, but the sex may be determined by ultrasound as early as 14 weeks . What do you look like at 5 months pregnant? Your baby grows from being about 5 inches long and weighing about 5 ounces, to being about 10 inches long and weighing about 1 pound around this month. All this means, when you’re five months pregnant, your baby’s size is similar to that of a bell pepper or a banana. You’ve both come a long way in five months! How many weeks until your 5 months pregnant? When a pregnancy is 5 months, it would be between its 17 th to the 20 th weeks. At the end of the 5 th month of your pregnancy, therefore, you shall be halfway through the term for a normal 40-week pregnancy. At this stage, you will be fully aware of the pregnancy and its signs will be clearly visible. How big should you be at 5 months pregnant? Start eating a healthier diet: eating foods such as leafy greens,fruits,low-mercury fish,lean animal protein,grains and cereals,vegetables,and seeds and nuts can help you and your How big should my stomach be at 5 months pregnant? Your baby bump at 5 months pregnant.

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Romantic period is the most fruitful period in the history of English literature. This period of romantic poets starts in 1798, with the publication of the lyrical Ballads. The Romantic Revival brought to literature a revival of the sense of the connection between the visible world and another world which is unseen. The essence of Romanticism was that literature, must reflect all that is spontaneous and unaffected in nature and in man. And it must be free to follow its own fancy in its own way. The chief characteristic of the age is that it is emphatically an age of poetry. The glory period is in the poetry of Scott, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, Keats, Moore and Southey. Romantic Poetry, was the anti-thesis of classical poetry, and many complexities. The features most insistent in it are a subtle sense of mystery. Thus Coleridge and Scott worked on this intrinsic fears that lie behind human mind. The second feature is an exuberant intellectual curiosity, and an instinct for the elemental simplicities of life. Wordsworth was a champion of simplicity. The third aspect is the sensitiveness and accessi- bility to the influences of external nature which was the most pervasive, and the most important Wordsworth, Shelley Keats, and Byron all depicted nature in all its moods. Shelley floated high in the realms of nature, he was for the wilderness of the West Wind, and the eternal beauty of the cloud Byron found beauty in spring and roar of the ocean. Keat’s melancholy state of mind, found way in the description in the glooms and winding mossy paths of the forests. Besides this nearly all the romantic poets were critics of one sort or another. They wrote formally in essays or prefaces, of the preface of Wordsworth in Lyrical Ballads, Eassay as that of Coleridge’s Biographia Literaria, Shelley’s Defence of Poetry. #romantic poets #romantic poets #romantic poets #romantic poets Visit Us on our Facebook Page:

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After losing his battle against Congress to secure funding for his wall along the U.S.-Mexico border, President Trump is declaring that that the congressional rebuff is irrelevant anyway. The reason? Trump is declaring an “emergency” under the “National Emergencies Act,” which, he says, authorizes him to spend U.S. taxpayer money on the wall without congressional authorization. He’s going to have the U.S. military, which will dutifully follow his orders, construct his Berlin Wall. Trump’s action is the very essence of dictatorship. Check out other dictators around the world — Maduro in Venezuela, Ortega in Nicaragua, Diaz-Canel in Cuba, Kim Jong-Un in North Korea, el-Sisi in Egypt, and Zi in China. They don’t have to jack around with congresses. They have the authority to just act or order. That’s what makes them dictators. In their customary blind support of their great leader, Trumpistas will say that Trump can’t be a dictator because he was democratically elected. They are confused. Democracy is simply a means by which people place people into public office. Dictatorship refers to the power that the ruler wields after he is put into power. Thus, a dictator can be democratically elected or take power without having been elected. Gen. Augusto Pinochet was a brutal dictator in Chile who was never elected. So was Cuba’s president Fidel Castro. On the other hand, the new president of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, was democratically elected but wields dictatorial powers. In fact, Latin Americans have an old saying regarding their democratic systems —that they have the right to elect their dictator every four years. Trump claims that an immigration “emergency” gives him the power to exercise his dictatorial power. Of course, he’s not the first ruler to cite “emergency” to justify dictatorship. Rulers throughout history have done so. Among the most notable was Adolf Hitler, who cited the “emergency” arising from a terrorist attack on the German Parliament building to convince the Reichstag to give him dictatorial powers. That’s what the Enabling Act was all about. Trump’s emergency immigration decree, needless to say, is not the only example of dictatorial power wielded by a U.S. president. The president and his military-intelligence forces now wield the power to assassinate both Americans and foreigners, a power that has been confirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court and the federal judiciary, notwithstanding the express prohibition in the Fifth Amendment against taking of life without due process of law. They also wield the omnipotent power to take Americans into military custody, place them into military dungeons, and torture them to their heart’s content. The federal judiciary has confirmed this power as well, again notwithstanding the due process clause in the Fifth Amendment and the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishments in the Eight Amendment. They also wield the omnipotent power to prosecute accused terrorists through the use of military tribunals rather than trial by jury, in contravention of the Sixth Amendment. Trump also wields the omnipotent power to target foreign citizens with death, suffering, and impoverishment with sanctions and embargoes. The most recent example is Iran, where the Iranian people continue to suffer and even die under Trump’s brutal and deadly sanctions system. He also wields the power to initiate trade wars with foreign nations, again without having to seek permission from Congress. None of this is compatible with a free society. Dictatorial powers are the opposite of freedom. When the Constitution called the federal government into existence, it delegated none of these dictatorial powers to the president or to the military. In fact, if the proponents of the Constitution had told Americans that the president and the military in this new federal government would wield such powers, there is no possibility whatsoever that Americans would have approved the deal. All of those dictatorial powers have been acquired through the time-honored way of using crisis and emergencies to adopt them, just as Hitler did with the Enabling Act after the terrorist bombing of the Reichstag. A close reading of the Constitution reveals something important: The Constitution does not provide for an emergency exception for the adoption of dictatorial powers. That’s because the Framers didn’t want such an exception. They knew that throughout history rulers had used “emergencies” and crises to acquire and exercise dictatorial powers. Once upon a time, U.S. Supreme Court justices understood this principle. For example, when President Franklin Roosevelt was using the “emergency” of the Great Depression to convert America’s economic system to a fascist system, the Supreme Court made it clear that an “emergency” does not give rise to dictatorial powers. In the case of A. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, also known as the “sick chicken case,” the Court rightly stated, “Extraordinary conditions may call for extraordinary remedies. But the argument necessarily stops short of an attempt to justify action which lies outside the sphere of constitutional authority. Extraordinary conditions do not create or enlarge constitutional power. The Constitution established a national government with powers deemed to be adequate, as they have proved to be both in war and peace, but these powers of the national government are limited by the constitutional grants. Those who act under these grants are not at liberty to transcend the imposed limits because they believe that more or different power is necessary.” The Court in Schechter also declared that Congress lacked the authority to delegate its legislative power to the president, a point that Congress obviously ignored when it enacted the National Emergencies Act in 1976, which delegated the power to declare emergencies and exercise dictatorial powers to the president. Meanwhile, both Democrats and Republicans, including the Trumpsters, continue to dutifully recite the Pledge of Allegiance (“with liberty and justice for all”) and incessantly thank the troops for defending our “freedom” by killing ever more people in faraway foreign lands, bringing to mind the words of Johann Goethe: “None are more hopelessly enslaved than those who falsely believe they are free.”

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We’re only midway through the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, and it has already been an active one. Last month, Hurricane Harvey became the first major hurricane to make landfall in the United States since Wilma in 2005. The historic storm dumped more than 40 inches of rainfall in southeast Texas and southwest Louisiana, breaking records and becoming the wettest tropical cyclone on record in the contiguous U.S. This week, the state of Florida is preparing for the arrival of Hurricane Irma, and food and beverage facilities are making plans to ensure safety and minimize damage. When preparing your plant for a hurricane threat, it’s critical to establish an emergency plan to protect against these potential losses: - Flooding due to a tidal surge — Check your area Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood map to see if you are located in an area vulnerable to tidal surges and flooding. Tidal surge flooding should also be factored into evacuation routes and timing. - Freshwater flooding from torrential rainfall — Again, check your FEMA flood map to determine areas vulnerable to freshwater flooding. Just like with tidal surges, flooding due to rain should be factored into evacuation procedures. - Wind damage — High wind speeds can cause significant damage. A category 1 hurricane (the weakest category) has wind speeds of 74-95 mph, while a category 5 hurricane (the strongest category) has wind speeds over 157 mph. Power outages are likely (due to downed power poles and blown transformers) and must be planned for accordingly. You should also recognize the difference between a hurricane watch and a hurricane warning: - A hurricane watch means sustained wind speeds of at least 74 mph are possible. It is issued 48 hours in advance of the storm. - A hurricane warning indicates sustained wind speeds of at least 74 mph are expected. It is issued 36 hours in advance of the storm. Now, let’s walk through the steps to dealing with a hurricane, from preparation to response. The purpose of an emergency response plan is to protect your most important assets: your employees. What’s your plan to evacuate the building immediately and efficiently, and how will you account for all employees? A thorough plan will include: - An evacuation plan and route - Provisions for data backup, as well as alternate communications and power - A list of vendors and contractors to provide disaster recovery services Identify leaders with the authority and skills to direct others during an emergency. Emergency leaders should be high-performing employees who are confident and cross-trained among divisions. During a hurricane, they will execute evacuation plans and provide instructions. Access to safety equipment is also critical. Again, plan for the unexpected. Ask yourself the following: - Can employees easily locate and access emergency equipment in the dark? - Is that equipment accessible along evacuation routes? - Does your supply include face shields, respirators, safety glasses, hard hats, earplugs, and personal protective equipment for each employee? - Do you regularly audit your emergency equipment supply to ensure personal protective equipment will be available when needed? Industry groups and government regulatory agencies provide requirements and recommendations to follow in developing a plan. For example, check out the Department of Labor’s OSHA Hurricane Preparedness and Response guide. Chart out the following: - Plant areas impacted by a power outage - Processes that may be shut down if rooftop equipment is lost - Key areas that should be protected from water damage It’s important to appoint a response team who understands all of your plant’s systems and how those systems can be safely shut down in the event of a disaster. In case of a fire, how do you secure your ammonia or refrigeration systems to prevent a release? Who is responsible for safely engaging the system shutdown? Ammonia systems are important to secure in the event of a hurricane, as an ammonia release could be very harmful. One standard operating procedure may include pumping down the system and ensuring it is secured. To verify all roof-mounted equipment is as structurally sound as it was when it was newly constructed, inspect elements including: - Pipe stands - Valve groups - Roof penetrations - Rooftop unit (RTU) - Refrigerated makeup air unit (RMAU) Stellar designed a Bradenton, Florida plant to withstand a category 4 hurricane, which included the building itself, evaporative condensers and all other external equipment on the roof. It is safest to equip your facility in a similar fashion. Most insurance companies have a detailed hurricane preparedness manual. If you don’t have one on file, ask your carrier to provide one. This can serve as a template to develop a facility-specific checklist for your implementation. After a storm blows over, it’s time for catastrophe response. Facilities damaged by high winds and exposure to water and/or debris are very dangerous sites. Often people want to rush into the remains to help those who may be in danger. However, it is important to assess the damage before initiating rescue efforts. Not doing so can cause even further damage or injury. What to look for Before sending in the clean-up crew, stop and answer the following to determine the building’s structural integrity: - What’s required to stabilize the structure? - How do we restrict access to dangerous parts of the plant? - How do we conduct demolition without causing further damage to the facility? - Are there gas leaks? - Have you shut down power and evaluated electrical hazards prior to exposing personnel to possible electrical dangers? Bracing and shoring If there is significant structural damage, bracing walls and shoring floors will help stabilize your facility’s structure. These are highly technical processes and should be handled by experienced professionals. Otherwise, you may expose personnel to a hazardous situation. Many companies offer bracing and shoring services, as it’s typical for new construction; however, they may not be experienced in the techniques for emergency situations. For your facility’s safety, enlist structural engineers with experience in bracing and shoring following disasters. Real-Life Hurricane Preparedness and Response In 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused serious damage to a long-time Stellar customer in New Jersey. In addition to helping the client properly prepare for the storm, our team provided timely on-site services to restore water-damaged areas of the facility as well as re-roof the building after the hurricane passed. This allowed the client to get the facility up and running as quickly as possible. Many of Stellar’s projects across the U.S. and in the Bahamas have been affected by hurricanes during construction, including Hurricane Harvey in 2017. Due to good planning and by securing job sites from wind and water damage, we’ve avoided significant losses other than workdays. Ensure you have an emergency preparedness plan in place so your facility can be ready for any storm that may come its way. Stellar is a fully integrated firm focused on planning, design, pre-construction, construction, refrigeration, mechanical & utility, building envelope, and total operations & maintenance services worldwide. Visit the company's blog at www.stellarfoodforthought.net or learn about its projects at stellar.net.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.foodmanufacturing.com/facility/blog/13165573/food-plant-emergency-response-preparing-for-a-hurricane

2024-10-03T21:07:10Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

California is an expensive state to live in and the costs continue to rise. For a long time, California residents have been aware that housing is more expensive in the Golden State, that gasoline costs in the state are well above the rest of the continental U.S., and that taxes put the Golden State near the top of the rankings of all the states. The long drought has put pressure on the cost of water. Requirements passed by the legislature and costs of services billed by local governments add to the cost-of-living. When cost-of-living is included in poverty calculations, California’s poverty level rises to first in the country, covering nearly a quarter of the state’s residents. The middle class is burdened by the one-two punch of tax increases and requirements that add to living costs. Julie Cart wrote in CalMatters about the cost increases homeowners face when renovating homes to meet energy requirements. Builders of new homes will have to add thousands to the building costs to meet new mandates. Here’s how Cart described the situation: Abiding by the revised code will come with an increased price tag. State officials say that homeowners’ up-front costs will be recouped over time in lower monthly power bills and added resale value. But do Californians typically stay in their homes long enough to reap these benefits? New homes will also be required to meet higher energy standards. By 2020, each home built in California should produce as much power as it consumes. At least one builder estimates that advanced energy systems will add $50,000 to the cost of a new, super-efficient home. What will that mean in a state where low-cost housing is in short supply? When it comes to energy and water, government is increasing the cost of its services. This week the Los Angeles City Council approved a water and power rate increase that means over five years, costs for water and power for a typical homeowner will rise nearly 20-percent. Then there is the issue of taxes. For example, Los Angeles officials are pushing for a sales tax for transportation. In the Bay Area a parcel tax over a number of counties is proposed to fortify bay levees. At least the voters have a direct say at the ballot box on tax issues. How much can the consumer and homeowner bear? With the additional costs added by mandates, requirements and price increases, is there a breaking point for the consumer? The proverbial straw that breaks the camel’s back could be as diverse as different communities. However, given the few avenues voters can strike out against the rising cost of living, tax measures on the ballot may be the one place people can make a statement about the expensive California lifestyle.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.foxandhoundsdaily.com/2016/03/costly-california/

2024-10-03T19:15:24Z

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en

No-one knows for certain what fate befell Captain James Fraser after his ship, the Stirling Castle, carrying mainly spirits, foundered on a reef 200kms north of what is now known as Fraser Island off the Queensland coast in May 1836. He and his wife Eliza had taken to the longboats with 11 other survivors of the wreck to what was then known by the local Butchulla indigenous population as K’Gari, which means “paradise”. Reports at the time suggested that the survivors were captured by the local tribe and Captain Fraser later died from spear wounds or malnutrition. Even more mystery surrounds the fate of Eliza, who may have been saved from the natives by an escaped Irish convict who had been living with the islanders for some years. But she later claimed, after the group was eventually rescued by a band of European soldiers, that she had been captured and severely treated by the local natives during her ordeal. Travel guru and Lonely Planet co-founder Tony Wheeler recounts the story in his spectacular new book, Islands of Australia: Travels Through Time and concludes that there are many conflicting versions of what exactly happened to Eliza. “Whatever the case, Eliza Fraser made a considerable career from recounting the tales of her six-week ‘captivity’ and, sadly, public anger probably contributed to the subsequent decimation of Fraser Island’s original inhabitants.” Eliza died in Melbourne after being struck by a carriage in 1858 continually denying reports by other survivors that they were not “captured” of tortured by the Butchulla (or Badtjala) people but generally treated well. But their versions came too late to save the island’s population from the butchery that was to follow. In his introduction to this brilliantly illustrated and fascinating photographic/travel/history book, Tony Wheeler outlines that Australia can boast more than 8,000 islands, well ahead of the Philippines (7641) and the entire Caribbean which has around 7,000 islands including 28 different countries and dependent territories. Wheeler takes the reader through a colourful island-hopping tour around our vast coastline, stopping off at places that have been chosen for their natural beauty, their unique fauna and their diverse indigenous and European histories. But it’s also the intriguing stories of survival and shipwreck which involve some of our most famous islands that provide a graphic glimpse into the early days of colonisation. One of the more tragic tales involves a settler family, Robert and Mary Watson, who built a brick and stone cottage at rugged Lizard Island’s Watson’s Bay in the far north of the Great Barrier Reef. There they began harvesting beche-de-mer (sea cucumber) in early 1881. Wheeler writes: “Mary’s husband and his partner had left her with the Watsons’ baby and two Chinese servants while they went to search for new gathering grounds, when an Aboriginal group arrived on the island and killed Ah Leong, one of the servants. “Ah Sam was also speared and Mary decided to flee, paddling off with her baby and her wounded houseboy in an iron tank used for boiling the beche-de-mer. “Four months later their bodies were discovered on Watson Island, 60kms north-west. They had died of thirst. It’s possible, that her unhappy end may have come about because they unwittingly strayed into a sacred area.” Wheeler also relates the story of Australia’s only known pirate, known as Black Jack Anderson, who in the mid-1820s, sallied out from Middle Island in the WA’s Recherche group to attack vessels plying between Adelaide and Albany. The former African-American sealer, terrorised shipping for 10 years before being murdered by his own crew. “Spanish gold being in somewhat short supply in the Recherche Islands, seal skins were Black Jack’s usual plunder,” writes Wheeler. Like the book’s author himself, It’s impossible for me to do justice here to the rich history, cultural development and spectacular geography of Australia’s widely-strung islands. But the reader can’t help but become involved in the colourful background to many of our most famous islands. For example, in 1777 on Captain Cook’s third voyage, his 22-year-old sailing master on board the Resolution was the soon-to-be infamous William Bligh when they were moored in Bruny Island’s Adventure Bay off Tasmania’s rugged northern coastline where Cook had carved his initials into a tree which survived until a bushfire in 1905. Wheeler writes: “In 1788, Bligh was again anchored in Adventure Bay, this time commanding HMS Bounty en route to Tahiti and the most famous mutiny in history…. “Today, it’s no surprise that Adventure Bay’s interesting little Bligh Museum of Pacific Exploration is named after the unfortunate explorer, navigator, naval officer and colonial administrator.” Wheeler also traces the bloody history of the Bass Strait islands of Flinders and King where huge populations of indigenous peoples were slaughtered by European sealers leaving only a few hundred to migrate to the Tasmanian mainland. Today, he points out, Flinders Island’s population engages in fishing, farming and looking after the tourists who flock there to explore its history. Wheeler also visited some of the islands famous for their prolific birdlife including the Hunter Group situated south of King Island. Its most famous is Albatross Island, home to as many as 5,000 pairs of ‘shy albatross.’ They were almost slaughtered into extinction in the late 1800s to early 1900s by settlers wanting their sought-after feathers. Also inhabiting Tasmania’s Furneax Group are the thousands of short-tailed shearwaters or muttonbirds, once harvested by the local Aboriginal population, who return to their nesting sites in late September, early October after migrating to the northern hemisphere and flying in a giant figure eight around the Pacific, as far north as the Arctic waters off Alaska and Siberia. Another well-known bird habitat, is Queensland’s Heron Island which hosts more than 100,000 white-capped noddy terns that nest each year in the island’s Pisonia trees. Also found on Heron Island are green, loggerhead and hawksbill turtles, whose hatchlings make a death-defying sprint from their egg mounds down to the relative safety of the water’s edge….where many fall victim to the waiting crabs and seagulls. Industries also flourished on the multitude of islands among them timber, seals and fish and in the far north, the Torres Strait Islands became the centre of the pearling industry with mother of pearl replacing beche-de-mer as the main economic attraction with the first shipment unloading in Sydney in 1869 which sparked a rush for the valuable shells. Wheeler’s majestic volume also takes readers on a “visual journey” of the many eco-resorts, pristine beaches, and dive sites to guano mines, colonial prisons and subantarctic volcanoes. If you’re planning a trip to any of Australia’s far-flung or nearby islands, this book is a must. And you will also find out why the Whitsundays should really have been called the Whitmondays! *Islands of Australia: Travels Through Time, by Tony Wheeler. NLA Publishing. Available now. RRP $39.99. Main picture Picturesque wooden pier structure on Queensland’s Fraser Island….now famous for its tourists and dingoes but which had a dark past.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.go55s.com.au/health/body-and-mind/shipwreck-survivors-story-led-island-massacre-2/

2024-10-03T19:56:17Z

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en

From 2011-2021, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 1,072 work-related fatalities occurred in the landscaping and groundskeeping industry. In 2021, 142 industry workers suffered fatal workplace injuries. “Landscaping can be dangerous when workers lack experience and appropriate training in a language they understand,” said Assistant Secretary for Occupational Safety and Health Doug Parker. “Too often, our inspectors find workers harmed in ways that their employers could have prevented by following federal and industry safety standards. We urge employers to implement strategies that involve their workers and protect everyone.” While workers struck by vehicles is typically the industry’s leading cause of fatal injuries, the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration warns of other hazards that can potentially lead landscaping and groundskeeping workers to suffer serious or fatal injuries. - Exposure to chemicals - Respiratory hazards - Lack of personal protective equipment, particularly to protect hands and feet - Moving machine parts, including mower blades and other equipment - Operating machines near water hazards, such as ponds and ditches - Encounters with animals, insects and other natural hazards - Contact with electrical power lines during tree and bush trimming - Exposure to extreme summer weather The department advises landscaping employers who hire young people for summer jobs to be aware of federal law that restricts employees under age 17 from working in hazardous occupations.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.greenindustrypros.com/industry-updates/article/22865281/us-department-of-labor-us-department-of-labor-releases-report-detailing-landscaper-injuries

2024-10-03T20:22:19Z

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en

Albuca spiralis is an eye-catching plant from the Asparagaceae family. A native of South Africa, this summer-dormant succulent is known for its long and narrow leaves. It grows up to 6 inches in height. Albuca Spiralis goes by common names ‘Corkscrew Albuca’ and ‘Frizzle Sizzle’. The growth rate of this succulent plant is slow. The flowers bloom in pale yellow color during late winter months and early spring. Water and Feeding/Fertilizer Albuca spiralis should be watered twice or thrice a week when the soil is completely dried out. A succulent or cactus soil mix is enough to give Corkscrew albuca good airflow. It needs enough water for retention. Inorganic substances like coarse sand, pumice, or perlite will help the plant grow properly. Albuca spiralis succulent belongs to the hardiness zone of 9a to 11, with a frost tolerance of -7° C (19.4° F). Place your adorable Frizzle sizzle under full sun to light shade in a south-facing direction. This variety of succulents is propagated from division, seeds, or bulbs. If you are looking for a succulent plant for your garden that is low-maintenance and looks unique, then this one will be a perfect choice.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.hazelreo.com/products/albuca-spiralis-cactus-cacti-real-succulent-plant

2024-10-03T20:32:34Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

About brain injury An acquired brain injury (ABI) is an injury caused to the brain since birth. There are many possible causes, including a fall, a road accident, tumour and stroke. This section gives an overview of the brain, brain injury and the practical issues that can arise. It is divided into sections for individuals who are affected by brain injury, professionals who work in the field of brain injury, and further information about brain injury. Information for individuals Find out about how acquired brain injury affects survivors, family members, carers and the people around them. We provide information to help at the different stages of brain injury, from hospital to home. Acquired brain injury can have a number of different causes. Some of the most common types of brain injury include: - Traumatic brain injury (for instance road traffic collisions, falls or assaults) - Minor head injury and concussion (loss of consciousness of less than 15 minutes) - Aneurysm (also known as a cerebral aneurysm) - Brain haemorrhage (also known as a haemorrhagic stroke) - Brain tumour - Carbon monoxide poisoning - Hypoxic/anoxic brain injury (caused a reduction or loss of oxygen to the brain) A brain injury can lead to a wide range of effects. While many people recover quickly after a minor head injury (often known as concussion), this is not always the case and people may experience longer-term effects. The more severe the brain injury, the longer-term and more pronounced the effects are likely to be. Some people may spend time in a coma, or experience a more prolonged reduced awareness state. During the early stages of recovery, brain injury survivors often go through a stage called Post-traumatic amnesia, where they have no continuous memory of day-to-day events and their behaviour may be very uncharacteristic and confused. A brain injury can cause behavioural and emotional changes, hormonal imbalances, difficulties with cognition and memory, a range of communication problems, physical effects and, very commonly, fatigue. The time immediately after the injury is bound to be full of worry and uncertainty for everyone concerned. We provide information on the different stages of recovery, from the time in the hospital and early rehabilitation through to discharge. Families may be able to access a grant to help with the unexpected costs of brain injury by applying to our Emergency Fund. You can also set up a page on our I'm calling about Chris website to post updates on your loved one's situation and allow family and friends to keep up-to-date. They can also access our information that explains how to support a family that is dealing with brain injury. Rehabilitation aims to help the brain learn alternative ways of working in order to minimise the long-term impact of the brain injury. Rehabilitation also helps the survivor and the family to cope successfully with any remaining disabilities. A brain injury can lead to a wide range of difficulties in day-to-day life. For many people, a priority may be to seek financial support. This could involve getting legal advice to pursue compensation, applying for welfare benefits or applying for a grant from the Headway Emergency Fund. They may also qualify for a Brain injury identity card, which is designed to provide brain injury survivors with added confidence in everyday social scenarios, and ensure they get the right support if they come into contact with the police. For some people, the emotional, behavioural, physical and cognitive changes of brain injury can have an impact on existing and future relationships. We explain how a brain injury effects relationships, with further information for partners and friends. We also provide in-depth information on an often overlooked issue - the affect of brain injury on sex and sexuality. There is also useful information to help people with brain injury to cope with parenting and supporting children. You can browse our full range of free booklets and factsheets in the information library. Brain injury and me is an innovative and exciting website that raises awareness of brain injury through personal stories. The Living with brain injury section contains a wide range of practical advice, incorporating the experiences and views of survivors and carers. You can find the information you need using the menu or the quick links below. If you can't find what you are looking for or have any more questions, please contact our helpline.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.headway.org.uk/about-brain-injury/?gclid=CMKbpYn756oCFUMf4QodXH1T8g

2024-10-03T19:19:52Z

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en

Many nonprofit organizations are under severe financial pressure. They need donations more than ever, and the hurting people they serve have a stake in the unrestrained flow of those donations. However, President Barack Obama's proposed budget for fiscal year (FY) 2010 moves in the opposite direction. It would raise taxes on those who can give the most and reduce their income tax deduction for charitable giving. This not only weakens one of the incentives to give, but also shifts perceived responsibility for social welfare from individual donors toward the state. The Administration's Proposal In February, the Obama Administration released its proposed federal budget for FY 2010. Included in the document are proposals to raise tax rates on high-income earners and to reduce their tax deduction rate on gifts to charities. These strategies are intended to raise funds for President Obama's health care plan. American citizens in the highest marginal income tax bracket are taxed at a rate of 35 percent.1 If they donate to a charitable organization, they can receive a tax deduction at the same 35 percent rate. For example, if a couple in this bracket gives $10,000 to a hospital, they can write off $3,500 when filing their taxes. This write-off is not only an incentive to give to charitable organizations, but also a means for the couple to control more of their own money, from which they can potentially donate more to charity. Under the President's proposal, beginning in 2011, families making over $250,000 per year would see their marginal personal income tax rate rise from 35 percent to 39.6 percent.2 Rather than keeping the charitable deduction rate consistent with the tax rate or even maintaining it at the present level, Obama proposes reducing it from 35 percent to 28 percent. At this reduced rate, the possible tax write-off for a $10,000 donation would drop from $3,500 to $2,800, a reduction of $700. The Obama Administration estimates that its proposed tax changes will provide $630 billion in additional revenue over 10 years. The Likely Consequences The President claims that his tax plan will have only a small negative effect on charitable giving. Measured as a percentage, this may be true, but the estimated reduction in giving means billions of dollars less each year for charities, especially if weak economic conditions continue. Scholars at the Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University recently looked at how the Administration's tax proposals would have affected giving among the wealthy in 2006 (the most recent year for which itemized deduction data are available). In 2006, taxpayers earning more than $200,000 accounted for about 44 percent of all itemized charitable gift deductions. The center estimated that if Obama's proposed changes had been in place, total itemized contributions from wealthy households would have been almost $4 billion lower. While this is only a small percentage of total annual charitable donations, it is more than the combined annual operating budgets of the American Cancer Society, World Vision, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Habitat for Humanity, and the American Heart Association. Moreover, other scholars estimate that under Obama's proposal, annual donations to charitable organizations would drop by more than $4 billion and possibly by as much as $9 billion. The Obama tax plan will likely have the greatest effect on organizations that depend on donations from high-income Americans. Universities and medical centers could be hit particularly hard. The President has stated that he wants to increase the number of college graduates in America and promote research leading to significant medical breakthroughs. However, his proposed tax changes will make it more difficult for wealthy donors to make the large financial gifts on which many educational and medical institutions rely. Crowding Out Civil Society In addition to receiving less money from wealthy donors, charitable organizations could face a more subtle yet significant challenge under the Obama plan: Government could crowd them out of social welfare provision. This phenomenon occurs when government claims increasing responsibility for tasks traditionally performed by civil society and absorbs a larger percentage of the resources dedicated to carrying out those tasks. Studies have shown that government spending on charitable causes leads people to give less to charity. According to Arthur Brooks of the American Enterprise Institute, a dollar in government spending on nonprofit activities displaces up to 50 cents in private giving. One study, for example, reveals that: Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New Deal programs sharply reduced churches' charitable giving to the poor: The researchers noticed a 30 percent drop in church-based charity from 1933 through 1939, as federal spending to aid the needy went from zero to more than 4 percent of GDP. The researchers concluded that government funds were directly responsible for nearly all the drop in private church charity. This "crowding out" effect does not occur only when government actually spends money on social programs for the poor. Brooks found that merely endorsing such policies-simply believing that government should move in that direction-displaces giving: The evidence...connects charity with beliefs, not policies. The data tell us that it matters little whether the government is actually redistributing income and lessening inequality-what appears to displace charity is a person's support for these policies. Such evidence demonstrates the subtle but significant power that policy proposals exert on citizens' assumptions, expectations, and actions. President Obama defends his proposal as a way of "equalizing" tax breaks for donors in different tax brackets. In his news conference on March 24, 2009, he said it would not be fair to allow wealthy donors to write off more than can be written off by lower-income or middle-income donors who give the same amount: "[U]ltimately, if we're going to tackle the serious problems that we've got, then in some cases those who are more fortunate are going to have to pay a little bit more." However, the President ignores the fact that the less than 5 percent of workers who earn more than $250,000 annually pay 48 percent of all federal income taxes. That they may use the deduction to redirect a portion of this to private charities does not change the simple fact that the wealthy shoulder a larger burden for social welfare under the present tax system. President Obama's statement about the "more fortunate" paying more is not the issue because they already pay more. The point, rather, is that he seems to believe that the federal bureaucracy can deploy the resources of the wealthy more effectively than nonprofit civil society organizations can. Furthermore, the concern for equalizing tax breaks for donors risks distracting attention from President Obama's stated concern for helping "folks who have fallen on very hard times." The President admits that his plan will reduce charitable giving. Ironically, however, he seems to be letting his desire to equalize differences among donors undercut his desire to help the poor. To remain consistent with his rhetoric, he should instead create conditions in which individuals can maximize their voluntary donations to charity, especially in tough economic conditions. The Wrong Message Perhaps most important, President Obama's proposal sends the wrong message about the value of civil society and the role of government. Choosing to raise taxes while reducing charitable deductions for high-income earners indicates that the President thinks government can best determine how to distribute people's money. In their influential book To Empower People, Peter Berger and the late Richard John Neuhaus describe the importance of "mediating institutions" to a healthy democratic society. Such institutions include the family, churches, and nonprofit organizations, which stand between citizens and the large institutions of public life. Mediating institutions are essential for generating and maintaining the operative values of American society. They are also well equipped to provide a helping hand to people in the context of face-to-face relationships. They have intimate knowledge of those in need, and they understand social problems in up-close-and-personal ways. Driven by deep convictions and compassion, such organizations can provide loving forms of assistance and care that government programs cannot offer, and often for less money. Smaller and more flexible than most government bureaucracies, local church congregations and charities can also spawn creative social innovations that benefit those in need. Berger and Neuhaus argue that public policy should "cease and desist from damaging mediating structures." More than that, public policy should protect mediating institutions and, where possible without co-opting them, empower them in their efforts to promote the common good. The tax plan in President Obama's budget blueprint runs counter to the basic philosophy underlying these propositions. The President's proposal conveys the belief that government can decide better than individuals how their dollars should be spent. It also implies that the state should assume responsibility for people's needs even at the expense of vital mediating institutions. Ultimately, it communicates the notion that America is better off with expansive and intrusive government than it is with limited government. In short, President Obama's proposed tax plan would weaken the role of the local, the personal, and the voluntary. It would penalize those who can give the most, shift dollars from citizens and local private charities to distant government bureaucracies, and prioritize mandatory taxation over voluntary tithing and charitable giving. Such messages are important-perhaps more important than the amount by which charitable giving would decline in the short term. These messages say that people should look more to government for help in times of need. They direct people's assumptions and expectations about how the common good should be pursued in society. Regrettably, President Obama's proposed tax changes move the dial of social responsibility one more notch in the direction of the state. This sets a course for adopting many future policies that could chip away at local, personal, and mutual obligations and increase dependence on government. The President's vision of expanding government control of health care exemplifies this mindset, and his objective of government-controlled health care is driving the plan to raise taxes and reduce charitable deductions for wealthy citizens. President Barack Obama should use his presidential authority and influence to encourage voluntary giving and protect nonprofit groups, especially during tough economic times. President Obama speaks articulately and often of the important roles that charitable institutions play in America. He should send an equally clear message in his policy. Reconsidering the proposed tax changes regarding charitable donations would be a good place to begin. Ryan Messmore is William E. Simon Fellow in Religion and a Free Society in the Richard and Helen DeVos Center for Religion and Civil Society at The Heritage Foundation.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.heritage.org/civil-society/report/proposed-decrease-charitable-tax-deduction-crowds-out-civil-society

2024-10-03T19:41:25Z

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en

Empathy is essential for human relationships. This article explores the sustainability of being human in an increasingly virtual and artificially oversaturated. There is no cure for suicide, only prevention. Every year, 703K people take their own lives, and many more attempt to do so. In 2019, there were more suicides than homicides in USA. World Suicide Prevention Day is observed on 10 September to create awareness around suicide and prevention strategies. “More than 700,000 people die due to suicide every year.” — World Health Organisation Although doctors, police officers & financial services professionals are among the top ten suicidal professions, recently more attention has been drawn to the extreme stress and isolation that startup founders experience, which have in some cases led to suicide 👇 While it’s been shown that suicide is linked to mental disorders and alcohol abuse, many suicides seem to happen impulsively in moments of crisis where the person is not able to cope with stresses around financial strain, relationships or chronic pain and illness. Moreover, suicidal behaviour is linked to conflict, disaster, violence/abuse, personal loss and a sense of isolation. Suicide rates are particularly high amongst marginalised groups, such as refugees and migrants, indigenous peoples, LGBTQI+ persons, and prisoners. The people who are by far most at risk, are those who have attempted suicide before. Suicidal behaviour is linked to mental health issues, conflict/discrimination, disaster, violence/abuse, personal loss and a sense of isolation. Studies done in 2015 at University of California in San Francisco (the well-known tech startup hub) showed that there are higher rates of depression (30%), ADHD (29%) and anxiety (27%) among entrepreneurs. “I went home, ran a bath, and sat in it for hours with the tears pouring down my cheeks, feeling terribly, horribly alone.” — Jan Cavelle, Author of “Scale for Success” on being an entrepreneur After the suicides of top startup founders like Austen Heinz (Cambrian Genomics), Aaron Swartz (Reddit), Jody Sherman (Downtown tech project) and Ilya Zhitomirskiy (Diaspora), the startup world started to take notice of the dark side of entrepreneurship. “That was a reminder to me that you can’t predict which founders are struggling.” — Sam Altman, President at Y Combinator In most cases, suicides are preventable, but it can’t be done alone. Every industry and occupation would benefit from a better understanding of the factors that may lead to suicide, and effective ways of implementing suicide prevention strategies. In order to create a safe space at work, your startup needs to have a network of co-workers who look after themselves and each other. The Center for Workplace Mental Health shares eight evidenced strategies to help prevent suicide at work: A notable startup founder, Brad Feld of Foundry Group, opened up about his mental health issues in order to help other founders who may be struggling. Here are his key suicide prevention tips: Don’t be afraid of the stigma of depression and seeking help — it doesn’t make you any less of a successful businessperson. Make it a habit to talk through your failures with others who can relate to your struggles and give you advice on moving forward. It’s important to have a personal and professional support system in place, and to know your limits — make sure you take time off to recuperate from stress and avoid burnout! Focus on reaching your goals, instead of being obsessed with the success of others. What you see in the media are all outward appearances that don’t reflect the inner world of those depicted. Learn to be comfortable in your own skin. It’s more than being alone for a couple of hours watching TV or practising a hobby. Prioritise time each day to reflect on your “compulsive tendencies”, and how you can gain more self-control. Don’t tie your identity or self-worth to your startup. You’re responsible for the company, but you’re also responsible for your own well-being — don’t take the weight of everyone and everything on your shoulders! As a CEO/Founder, you have the power to make or break your company culture. Are you creating a space for people to thrive, or to burn out? Whether you’re married, in a relationship or single, everyone has someone close that they can confide in and plan their life with. Feld recommends making time at least once a month to connect to someone else to thank them for their support, reflect on the month that has passed, and plan for the month ahead. As a startup founder, you need to know that you’re not alone and that someone else has your back! Suicide prevention strategies for startup founders are not talked about enough, but is gaining momentum as more founders share their experiences and help other entrepreneurs cope with their mental health disorders and the stresses of startup life. A qualified artist (if you get such a thing) by training and a digital designer by trade, Sharné McDonald joined the Hi5 team in 2017 as a Happiness Hero. She currently holds the role of Product Marketing Manager and it’s one of her joys to delight customers and leads with great content, technical information and funny GIFs. She loves being a generalist and is currently completing a Masters degree in Art Education in her spare time.

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https://www.hi5.team/blog/suicide-prevention-steps-for-startup-founders-entrepreneurs

2024-10-03T19:11:24Z

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A Brief History On March 24, 1944, the hard work of 600 American and British POW’s was ready to pay off, and 200 of them were ready to escape from Stalag Luft III! Stalag Luft III operated as a prisoner of war camp run by the German Luftwaffe to hold allied aviators (officers) that had been shot down and captured. Having been opened in 1943, the camp held almost 11,000 allied airmen, mostly American with about a quarter of the total British and some 900 from other allied air forces. Determined to escape, 600 of the inmates worked digging 3 separate tunnels 30 feet below the surface (named Tom, Dick and Harry), building air pumps out of whatever garbage or materials they could gather. The sand and dirt excavated to make the tunnels was disposed of by prisoners rigging sandbags hidden in their trousers that could be dumped and scattered as they walked about. Eventually, one of the tunnels was discovered by the guards and closed, and the method of disposing of excavated soil had to change. The solution was to refill one of the tunnels, leaving only one for the actual escape. The POW’s had used incredible ingenuity in preparing for escape, manufacturing civilian looking clothes and forging identity papers. It was decided 200 men could safely escape, and these were chosen by their ability to speak German and by how much time they had put in working on the tunnels. The remainder were chosen at random. When the actual escape got underway on the evening of March 24, 1944 a few problems kept the number of escapees down to 76, with delays caused by a frozen entry point, an exit hole that had been miscalculated and was within sight of a guard tower, and even a tunnel collapse that had to be dug out! The 77th escaping prisoner was seen by the guards and immediately captured, ending any further escapes. The Americans had been transferred shortly before the escape, and only British officers escaped. Of those, 73 were recaptured and Hitler was livid when he found out, ordering executions for all captured POW’s, all guards on duty, the camp security officer and the architect who had designed the camp! Herman Goring among others argued against executing the prisoners, and “only” 50 of them were executed. Another fact about the reprisals was that workers in the camp were also executed because the prisoners had stolen work materials used in the escape. This great escape became the basis for the 1963 movie, The Great Escape, starring Steve McQueen. This film would not be the only movie made about an escape from this camp, as the 1950 British movie, The Wooden Horse, had already been made (and was the 3d biggest movie made by British cinema that year). The escape referred to in The Wooden Horse had taken place in October of 1943, also by tunnel, and this time done by the incredible trick of constructing a wooden vaulting “horse” that the prisoners would carry outside during exercise time and practice their vaults, while 2 men concealed within would be digging the escape tunnel! Each day the entrance would be covered and the next day work would start again, under the noses of the guards! Over 3 months 3 British POW’s dug a 100 foot tunnel and eventual escaped successfully. Not on the scale of the other escape, but certainly quite cracked! Books about both escapes have been written. Question for students (and subscribers): If you were a POW, would you just wait for the end of the war or try to escape? Please let us know in the comments section below this article. Your readership is much appreciated! For more information, please see… Carroll, Tim. The Great Escape from Stalag Luft III: The Full Story of How 76 Allied Officers Carried Out World War II’s Most Remarkable Mass Escape. Gallery Books, 2010. Durand, Arthur A. Stalag Luft III: The Secret Story. Louisiana State Univ Pr, 1988. Lee, Jack, dir. The Wooden Horse [ NON-USA FORMAT, PAL, Reg.2 Import – United Kingdom ]. DVD. Sturges, John, dir. The Great Escape [Blu-ray]. 20th Century Fox, 2013. Blu-ray.

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2024-10-03T20:49:01Z

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Coinciding with the World Economic Forum in Davos this week Oxfam has issued a report - entitled An Economy for the 1% - outlining how wealth inequality has grown to the stage where 62 of the world's richest people own as much as the poorest half of the world's people combined. To put it in numbers, the richest 62 people on Earth own as much as the poorest 3,600,000,000 people. The wealth of the poorest half- 3.6billion people - has fallen by 41%, or a trillion US dollars, since 2010. At the same time, the wealth of the richest 62 people has increased by more than half a trillion US dollars to $1.76trillion. This inequality is deepening, even over the last 12 months. In 2010, 388 people had the same wealth as the poorest half of humanity. The number has continued to fall each year, and is now 62 in 2015. Furthermore, it is not the case that whilst the rich are getting richer, everyone else is also benefitting as supporters of 'trickle down' economics argue. The stark truth is that the total wealth of the poorest half of humanity has fallen by nearly £700billion since 2010, even though the number of people in this group has risen by 400million. And whilst it is often pointed out that global poverty is falling, in many parts of the world poverty is actually on the rise, with the World Bank noting that "China alone [has] accounted for most of the decline in extreme poverty over the past three decades." This is also a problem in terms of economic development internationally. As Oxfam International Executive Director Winnie Byanyima said this week "the poor are hurt twice by rising inequality -- they get a smaller share of the economic pie and because extreme inequality hurts growth, there is less pie to be shared around." Extreme inequality is out of control and something needs to be done. Tackling inequality should be central to our vision for international development. In November, the Government published a strategy document setting out a new framework for the aid budget. The document mentions security thirty two times but fails to mention inequality. As Shadow Secretary of State for International Development, I agree with Mark Goldring of Oxfam GB that a crackdown on global tax havens is a necessary step towards ending this rampant global inequality. Indeed, it is also a necessary step towards international development more broadly. Tax havens are enabling both multinational companies and extremely wealthy individuals to hide more and more money offshore. This of course includes British individuals and profits made by companies due to British operations. Three years ago, David Cameron said he would make tax dodgers "wake up and smell the coffee." Yet, in November the Public Accounts Committee of MPs analysed that HMRC had made "little or no progress" on measures to reveal the extent of tax avoidance here in Britain and George Osborne's tax avoidance crackdown missed its target by hundreds of millions according to the Office for Budget Responsibility. The Oxfam report says that the situation may be even worse than this in terms of the world's poorest countries, estimating that as much as 30% of African financial wealth is held offshore. How much extra money could end up helping the world's poorest if there was a real crack down on tax avoidance here and internationally? A Labour Government will genuinely tackle tax avoidance and work for ambitious global agreements on international development that seek to tackle inequality and its drivers. Diane Abbott is the shadow international development secretary and Labour MP for Hackney North

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2024-10-03T19:43:48Z

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A Farewell to Alms:a Brief Economic History of the World Translated to Russian by N. Edelman. Moscow, Gaidar Institute Press, 2012. – 544 p. Why are some parts of the world so rich and others so poor? Why did the Industrial Revolution – and the unprecedented economic growth that came with it – occur in eighteenth-century England, and not at some other time, or in some other place? Why didn't industrialization make the whole world rich – and why did it make large parts of the world even poorer? In "A Farewell to Alms," Gregory Clark tackles these profound questions and suggests a new and provocative way in which culture – not exploitation, geography, or resources – explains the wealth, and the poverty, of nations. Countering the prevailing theory that the Industrial Revolution was sparked by the sudden development of stable political, legal, and economic institutions in seventeenth-century Europe, Clark shows that such institutions existed long before industrialization. He argues instead that these institutions gradually led to deep cultural changes by encouraging people to abandon hunter-gatherer instincts-violence, impatience, and economy of effort-and adopt economic habits-hard work, rationality, and education. The problem, Clark says, is that only societies that have long histories of settlement and security seem to develop the cultural characteristics and effective workforces that enable economic growth. For the many societies that have not enjoyed long periods of stability, industrialization has not been a blessing. Clark also dissects the notion, championed by Jared Diamond in "Guns, Germs, and Steel," that natural endowments such as geography account for differences in the wealth of nations. A brilliant and sobering challenge to the idea that poor societies can be economically developed through outside intervention, "A Farewell to Alms" may change the way global economic history is understood.

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https://www.iep.ru/en/press/book/2012/a-farewell-to-alms-a-brief-economic-history-of-the-world.html

2024-10-03T19:50:36Z

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The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased at record speed in 2016, according to the Meteorological World Organization (WMO). According to the United Nations organization, present carbon dioxide levels have not been this high for millions of years and may result in sea levels rising 20 meters and global mean temperature rising three degrees. A combination of human activities and the El Niño weather phenomenon drove CO2 levels 45 percent above pre-industrial levels and further outside the range of 180-280 ppm seen in recent cycles of ice ages and warmer periods. El Niño intensified droughts and weakened the ability of vegetation to absorb carbon dioxide. “Globally averaged concentrations of CO2 reached 403.3 parts per million (ppm) in 2016, up from 400.00 ppm in 2015 because of a combination of human activities and a strong El Niño event,” – The Report says. The WMO data is based on measurements taken in 51 countries. With research stations dotted around the globe that measure concentrations of greenhouse gases that include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere reached 403.3 ppm (million parts) in 2016, an increase from 400 ppm the year before. It’s a 50 percent faster increase than the average pace over the past decade. At that time, the temperature of the earth was 2-3 degrees warmer than today, which resulted in melting ice, warmer water that expands, with sea levels 10-20 meters higher than today, according to the report. “Without rapid cuts in CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions, we will be heading for dangerous temperature increases by the end of this century, well above the target set by the Paris climate change agreement,” – World Meteorological Organization Secretary-General Petteri Taalas in a statement. The World Meteorological Organisation predict that 2017 will again break records for concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere, but the pace of growth will not be as fast because there is no El Niño effect this year.

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2024-10-03T20:54:49Z

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The Fisher Space Pen is an object steeped in some serious lore. Many a casual pen historian will tell you how NASA spent millions of taxpayer dollars during the space race of the ‘60s developing a utensil that could write in space while the Soviets just gave their astronauts pencils and called it a day. This sentiment is, of course, untrue. You see, the Fisher Space Pen was not a product of the U.S. Government or any of its subsidiaries; it was invented by Paul Fisher, a man who was aided by his work in ball bearings factories during WWII, as a retractable pressurized pen that could work in zero gravity. It’s a consensus among those who know that Fisher did, indeed, spend millions developing his first prototype, which came to be known as the Anti-Gravity 7 (#AG7) and was patented in 1966. According to Smithsonian Magazine: “The secret to the space pen is in the cartridge. It is a hermetically sealed tube containing thixotropic ink, pressurized nitrogen gas, and a tungsten carbide ballpoint tip.” Fisher no doubt used similarly technical verbiage to persuade NASA to test out his pens as alternatives to pencils in the late ’60s. Pencils are actually incredibly dangerous in space: wood and lead break and chip easily, sending floating particles into the air that can embed themselves board machinery. Not to mention they’re both very flammable. Fisher’s pitch was clearly convincing: NASA placed a bulk wholesale order of his Space Pen and sent them aboard the Apollo missions, thus catapulting the brand into the public consciousness. It’s even featured prominently in the plot of a Seinfeld episode. But beyond their mythical status, Fisher Space pens are great for everyday needs. They can write at any angle, in any temperature that is humanly bearable (-30º F to 250º F), and even underwater. Not to mention they’re a great conversation piece because of, well, all the above. Fisher Space Pens make a handful of different models, all with the same great technology but unique aesthetics. Check out some of our favorites below — they make for great gifts or self purchases for frequent writers, doodlers or anyone who likes to keep handsome things on their desks. The Astronaut Space Pen The original pen that went up in to space. Excellently weighted solid brass with a chrome plating finish. If you want to get extra fancy, they have a black titanium nitride version as well. United States Thunderbird Space Pen Very similar to the original, this pen was commissioned by The US Thunderbirds Chief to have a larger knob at the top for easy gripping so pilots could grab it from the small lower-leg pockets on their flight suits. Complete with Thunderbird engraving on the side and a graphic on the knob. Trekker Space Pen Slightly larger than The Bullet, this pen measures 5” and features a key ring on the cap for easy transportation and accessibility. So long as you have your keys on you — which if you’re a responsible adult, should be most of the time — you’ll have a pen. Also available in stainless steel. Nota bene: If you buy through these links, InsideHook may earn a small share of the profits on some items Main image via Fisher / Facebook; All other photos via Huckberry This article was featured in the InsideHook newsletter. Sign up now.

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2024-10-03T20:47:59Z

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How to Explain Divorce to a 3-Year-Old? By Randall M. Kessler As lawyers we are often taught to simplify things. We must simplify complex legal statutes to make them easier for our clients to understand. We must also often simplify complex financial situations so that judges can understand what the marital estate is comprised of, so that they may divide it fairly. We must simplify our legal documents so that the legal arguments can be easily and quickly digested. They are referred to as “briefs” after all. But how do we help our clients explain divorce to a 3-year-old? That is something parents must deal with and must get right, to help their children. Whether it is explaining divorce to a 3-year-old, a 6-year-old, or a teenager, it is never easy, especially when it’s your own divorce. And while I think I have some good suggestions, truly it is beneficial to work with a therapist you trust to help guide you through that most difficult, but most important discussion. If you must explain divorce to a teenager, at least they already know the concept. But to explain the concept of divorce to a child who does not yet, or has just begun to understand the concept of marriage, can be overwhelming. There are many good books (e.g. “When Dinosaurs Divorce”). But there are so many questions. As a non-therapist, but simply someone who has seen more than my share of divorce in my practice, my best suggestion is that there be a united front. Children want their parents to love each other and to get along. And at the very moment that a child must learn that parents cannot get along well enough to stay married, it might soften the blow for them to see that they can at least get along when it comes to their children. Unfortunately I see much too much of the opposite behavior. Parents trying to beat the other to the punch. To tell the child their side of the story. And children want their parents to love them. And if parents disparage the other parent to or in front of a child, doesn’t that encourage the child to do the same (disparage the other parent) so that they can ensure the love of the criticizing parent? And isn’t that wrong? Remember, the child is the sum of the two parents, so anything negative said about the other parent is in essence a complaint about a part of the child. So as hard as it may seem, take a joint approach. Remind your child repeatedly how much you both love him or her. And as hard as it may be, compliment the other parent, in front of, and to the child. It may be hard, but certainly you can do it. Think about your own parents. How nice it was (or would have been) for you your own parents to be sweet to each other. To talk respectfully and positively about the other. Aren’t those the memories you want your child to have? Explain it together, politely and with as much love as you have ever expressed. You can do it. Your children deserve it and you have the capability. Follow Randall M. Kessler on Twitter: www.twitter.com/GADivorce

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2024-10-03T19:40:01Z

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26th July 2023 | With a changing world, it has become increasingly vital to reconnect the younger generation with nature. Understanding the importance of this bond, our "Know Your Local Patch" program was recently launched with the aim of fostering a love for the environment among children. Let's take a look back at some of the exciting workshops held as part of this program and discover how they successfully brought children closer to the wonders of the natural world. A big thanks to Landcare Tasmania's Education Officer Angela Reiher for delivering these workshops. 1. Hobart Rivulet: Platypus Adventure Next to the rushing water of the Hobart Rivulet a group of more than 40 young people gathered to learn about their local patch where the platypus lives. Guided by Landcare Tasmania's Education Officer Angela Reiher and Rob Armstrong from Hobart City Bush Adventures, the kids embarked on a captivating journey of discovery. Rob presented a well-preserved platypus specimen, explaining its unique features, such as the fur, webbed feet, bill, and spurs. Eager to learn more, the kids joined in collecting water samples from the rivulet, discussing the platypus's diet and feeding habits. Delving into the water, they discovered an array of macro-invertebrates, which provided valuable insights into the platypus's diet. The event turned out to be a resounding success, thanks to the efforts of Rob, the Hobart City Council, and the Hobart Rivulet Bushcare Group. A shout-out to the local care groups that regularly work to maintain and restore the health of the rivulet and local area. 2. Wentworth Park & Bellerive Beach: Exploring Nature In Howrah, children were encouraged to explore the wonders of Wentworth Park and Bellerive Beach. The kids set out with binoculars in search of birds and bandicoots in the park and bushlands. They even participated in planting local "Pig Face" plants and helped fix tree guards, actively contributing to the preservation of their local ecosystem. Their adventure continued down the beach, where the children tried their hand at drawing animal tracks. Armed with binoculars, they learned about the various whales found in Tasmanian waters, distinguishing them by their spouts. It was an engaging and educational experience for all involved. We'd like to thank Adam Holmstrom from Glebe Hill Landcare for representing the local Landcare group and supplying tools. 3. Claremont Derwent Estuary: Wetlands Discovery With binoculars in hand, the young explorers gathered at Claremont Derwent Estuary to discover the diverse array of waterbirds inhabiting the area. The kids honed their bird-watching skills, identifying various species using a field guide. The local Landcare group representative Ivett Dodd shared intriguing stories about the region's history, connecting the children to the land's rich past. Their curiosity didn't stop there as they used a net to collect water samples, revealing a hidden world of macroinvertebrates living in the wetlands. Observing these tiny creatures under a microscope left the kids in awe of nature's intricacies. Thanks to the support of Ivett Dodd, the Claremont Coast Care Group, and photography volunteer Rowiina Howard for helping make the day a great success. 4. Algona Reserve: Tree Plant & Explore The program's journey to Algona Reserve was filled with wonder and excitement as the children embarked on a guided exploration. They roamed along a track, soaking in everything nature had to offer, and eventually arrived at a secret location to plant trees. Along the way, they encountered various bird species, animal evidence, and unique plants like Native Cherries and Snotty Gobble. Their hard work paid off as they successfully planted 50 plants that were supplied by Kingborough Council, contributing to the preservation of the reserve's greenery. Additionally, the kids marveled at the fascinating fungi scattered throughout their path. Thanks to the support of Roland Painter, the Algona Reserve Landcare group, and Scott Corbett from Kingborough Council. Stay Tuned for next Holidays! Know Your Local Patch has been a resounding success. Through exciting workshops and immersive experiences, young minds were introduced to the wonders of their local environments. We look forward to continuing and expanding Know Your Local Patch next school holidays! We hope to help pave the way for a generation that appreciates, protects, and cherishes the beauty of our natural world. Know Your Local Patch is part of our Education Program and has been funded by the Department of Premier and Cabinet under he Premier’s fund for Children and Young People.

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The COVID pandemic caused a number of problems for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) worldwide, and Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU) was no exception. There was uncertainty over whether the campus would remain open to students for any length of time, and even when it was open, some students could not return due to local government and University regulations. As computer programming teachers, we understand how vital it is for students to get sufficient hands-on practical experience in the process of code-writing. But with these restrictions, our ability to interact directly with our students during on-site programming Labs was severely hampered. We identified three key challenges posed by this context, including overcoming the language barrier, assessing programming assignments and ensuring students' engagement, and designed HyFlex solutions to overcome these challenges. Our solutions help improve student retention, engagement, and participation across our courses and can be adapted to various blended learning contexts. Some students in a computer lab session, with Teaching Assistants (TAs) and module leader support. Such sessions were rarely possible during the pandemic. XJTLU is a Transnational HEI. As such, our students come from diverse backgrounds, and for the vast majority of them, English is not their native language. This makes learning computer programming a challenging task, since the discipline comes with a very specific terminology that students must learn and master. In addition, most modern, and indeed not-so-modern, programming languages use a number of common English words and phrases in their syntax. Common language mistakes made by students To overcome this barrier, we maintain an online interactive glossary of technical terms with English definitions, updated weekly on the Learning Mall, our University's Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). This ensures that students are learning the language of programming at the same time as they learn the programming language. The technology used allows teachers and students to co-create and co-edit the glossary content anytime and anywhere. We also created English language activities using Moodle Quizzes and H5P Activities to test students' knowledge. One example below asks students to find words relevant to a particular lecture in a letter grid puzzle game. These activities show students that learning languages can be fun! A letter grid where students had to find words relevant to a particular lecture In modern computer programming courses, we teach students to write computer code on a computer. This includes teaching them to enlist the help of supportive tools such as Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) and visualizers. It therefore seems ironic that we should then assess their programming skills by asking them to write the code by hand on a piece of paper. But that is what happens in a traditional paper-based exam. In such assessments, students cannot undo a mistake, erase incorrect answers, or insert a new line — all easy to do on a computer. They cannot employ automatic formatting or the typo-checking functions they are used to when working on their machines. As a result, the answer papers they produce can be unintelligible and very hard to grade. We have encountered examples of students' hand-written code where we did not even know where they began! The whole process becomes even more complex when we have a large class, something which is very common in our University. Imagine having to grade 1200 hand-written exam papers! There could be hundreds of variations of algorithms, some partially correct that we have to mark proportionally. We have to act both as a compiler and a grader — parsing and figuring out how correct a particular answer is, and how we should allocate marks. Sometimes we also need to act as a calculator, adding points that we award according to some rubric, which is also prone to mistakes. Because of this, it has also become prohibitive to give feedback to formative assessment, even though having routine programming exercises is essential for a beginner programmer's growth. An example of marking, or attempting to mark, a student's hand-written code. Imagine needing to mark 1200 of these! To overcome these challenges, we started to use a Moodle plugin called CodeRunner in the Learning Mall three years ago. This plugin allows code to be automatically graded and also gives feedback based on test cases' correctness. Students submit their codes online and receive instantaneous feedback based on whether their code passes the test cases. According to questionnaire comments, our students felt a real sense of achievement when the system reports that they managed to pass all the test cases (displayed in large green blocks as below). The student's code has passed all tests! Imagine the sense of accomplishment felt! CodeRunner provides flexibility in many ways - it supports a variety of different programming languages and grading rubrics. Another useful feature here is that changes to an existing CodeRunner question’s rubric will be retroactively applied to student submissions. Partial grades can be given on passing a subset of the test cases and do not need manual computations. We also used this auto-grader for the exams conducted in a computer lab. When COVID happened shortly after, with the problems already discussed above, we were so grateful that we had been prepared with this technology! We used it for online programming exams, during which students could use their usual IDEs and other supportive tools. More importantly, we used it to conduct weekly programming labs and to give sufficient weekly coding exercises as formative assessments. Supported by the TAs in online teaching, we could still give further feedback in an online Forum on the Learning Mall after privately viewing students' code. Once the scores are published, students will be able to view all of their feedback with code solutions, which helps them understand their performance in a much quicker turnaround. Due to its practicalities outlined above, now that we employ blended learning in our university, we still use CodeRunner for students doing Labs in-person or remotely. There is one drawback after being so used to doing everything online: we need to motivate them to return to the labs! When the pandemic hit, one of the most common concerns teachers had revolved around student engagement: were students even listening to our lectures as we talked to a computer screen? Did they understand anything that we were saying? What topics did we need to spend more time on? Our proposed solution uses JazzQuiz ( https://moodle.org/plugins/mod_jazzquiz ), a polling technology available in our Learning Mall. We use this tool to poll students "live" during a lecture or lab session, allowing us to check their understanding of key concepts. We can also track engagement by seeing how many students respond to the polls. This is incredibly powerful when we need crucial feedback on students' progress, allowing us to make adjustments to our pace of delivery, repeat certain important points, and so on, as necessary. Example of a JazzQuiz question However, there's no denying that setting up 5-10 JazzQuiz questions before each lecture is a lot of work. The overloaded teachers cannot help but ask: is it worth the time and the effort to do so? Would students appreciate it? Could it have a positive impact on the active participants' grades? To explore the answers, we conducted action research on using JazzQuiz, receiving feedback from students via questionnaires and surveys. For example, many students think using JazzQuiz can help remind them to pay more attention during class: "It forces distracted students to focus during lectures" said one. For international students who did not have access to on-site learning, they found it very helpful to increase the interactive opportunities with the teacher and peers: "I was most involved when I participated in [a] quiz but gave the wrong answer and the teacher explained it to me […] classroom interaction is very necessary". Some students considered using JazzQuiz as a practical approach to achieve self-actualization: "Whether or not my grades get improved is less important, at least I think I have a deeper understanding […] it is a sense of accomplishment". Some students found JazzQuiz helpful in helping them build knowledge: "When you are more engaged in learning, you will learn more actively because the problem you solve is your own problem". Overall, our research showed that students who better understood the educational value of JazzQuiz were more comfortable using the technology and gained better academic performance in their studies. For more details, please read this article: Na Li, Erick Purwanto*, Xiaojun Zhang, Feng Cao, Kok Hoe Wong, and Xiangru Chen (2022). Understanding the perceived pedagogical value of JazzQuiz in interactive hybrid learning among university students: a technology acceptance analysis. Interactive Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2022.2129393.

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The first task, addressing objective 1, is to identify what quantitative and qualitative data are available in member countries. Certainly this includes children's access to and usage of the internet, but also their more general experience of it, competences and evaluation of the online world. To contextualise this, we also need to know about their use of other information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as television and PCs. We will also try to map data on parents' experience of the internet and approaches to dealing with their children's usage. The aim is to identify the pattern of available data, where there is a preponderance of material and where there are gaps, and also how easy it is to find material to assist future research. We also aim to assess to comparability of existing data. In addition to the Europe-wide sources that can be consulted for this purpose, the work package members will identify and outline in a proforma relevant national research, which will then form part of the repository documenting what research exists. The first output from the work package will be a report on Data Availability, charting the availability and comparability of data on children and the internet in Europe. The second output will be an online repository of links to the data sources that will be developed throughout the project. The task of this work package, dealing with objective 2, is to ask why different aspects of children and the internet are researched, or not, in different European countries. What are the national histories of concern about the internet? How much is common across countries and how much is country specific? Do any differences, for instance, reflect particular events, particular national lobbying by certain groups or particular forms of coverage in the national media? The work package will entail looking at and documenting the funding arrangements for research in different types of European country, examining the research traditions and disciplines dealing both with the internet and with children in the participating countries. The work package will also examine existing research on the topic of children and the internet, asking in what ways children's experience of the internet has been analysed, with what types of research question and for which purposes. Finally, it will give some indication of the effects on research of media coverage, national policy decisions, particular events, particular lobbies, educational activities, etc. The starting point will involve the systematic development of a range of questions one would need to ask about these histories for each country and then a process of identifying what people or sources could contribute to answering such questions. The work group will set up its own online forum on the website to provide an ongoing report of its findings and encourage contributions to this from the wider international research community throughout the course of this project. The output from the work package will be a report, Cross-Cultural Contexts of Research, focusing on the research and cultural contexts regarding children and the internet in Europe. This work package evaluates the actual data that have to exist in order to address objectives 3 and 4. Where, and to what extent, are there European commonalities as opposed to variation? Where are there common European responses and patterns and then to what extent are they shared? In contrast, where is there variation and how do we characterise this? To the extent that the data is available, this will obviously include looking at children's different experiences of the internet, but could also cover whether some safety issues are thought to be more important than others and how much variation there is in the level and form of parental intervention. A first preliminary report will provide a three-country comparison. The second output will be a report, Cross-National Comparisons, which will evaluate and compare the findings of existing data on children and the internet/ new online technologies in Europe. This work package addresses objective 5. Hence it will focus both on specific cross-cultural issues and on broader methodological issues involved in studying children and the internet/ new media, with the aim of developing a best practice guide. It will start with a review of the limited material on methodological issues in this field of cross-cultural comparisons, which will be the basis for a preliminary report. It will then reflect upon the questions and challenges thrown up by research on children and internet use and safety. This includes charting common problems in conducting such research together with proposed solutions and, especially, identifying best practice in the field. The deliverable will be a guide incorporating this material and indicating how to conduct future research on this topic, including the provision of sample themes and questions. In addition, the work group will seek to engage others beyond the network, the wider community of scholars involved in cross-cultural research (including efforts to align quantitative research measuring the internet), and those scholars specifically involved in research on children and the internet. The first output will a preliminary report: Methodological Issues Review. The second will be a report, Best Practice Research Guide, synthesising key methodological issues and providing clear guidance to those working in the field. We anticipate that this may include members of the network as well as the wider research and policy community. Policy and research recommendations The stated aim of the EC call for thematic networks is to support and inform other actions: fighting against illegal content, tackling unwanted and harmful content and promoting a safer internet. Hence, this project will provide specific recommendations for these actions. At a more general level, there will be recommendations relating to EC policy in this field of children and the internet, ones that relate to the wider contextualisation of the issues that will emerge from this project. In the light of the work of work package 1 especially, charting the availability and comparability of data, work package 5 will make a number of recommendations specifically about research, thus furthering objective 7. This will cover any significant gaps that have been identified, where it might be strategic to conduct research in some specific countries in order to produce equivalent data to those that exist elsewhere. There will be suggestions regarding what measures might be taken to derive more comparable data, where this is felt to be useful. A report, Summary and Recommendations, will provide an executive summary of the work of the network in order to ground a series of research and policy recommendations regarding children and their use of the internet and online technologies in Europe. Networking and dissemination activities This work package addresses objective 6. This involves identifying and contacting other Safer Internet Plus Programme actions to discuss with them the forms of reporting (especially in the recommendations) that would be most usable and effective for them. The work package members will explore ways to disseminate the findings from the research via the more traditional means of conference papers, workshops, a project website and producing regular electronic alerts. The work package will help to plan its own conference at the end to report on its findings. We also aim to publish a book from the project. Lastly, part of the task of this work package entails identifying and making contact with other potential audiences. From the start and throughout, one task involves assembling a list of relevant people and bodies who we feel might benefit from an awareness of the project, in this sense 'building a wider audience'. This will be tied into the process of identifying relevant research in work package 1.

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What are B.T.U’s and why are they important in boiler blowdown processes and cost savings? March 17, 2017 by Aaron Rhoade B.T.U stands for British thermal unit and is commonly defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. Other than safety measures, BTU’s are arguably the most important factor to spend time and energy on when it comes to your boiler process. In the boiler room, B.T.U’s are their own form of currency. It takes a lot of energy to produce heat to boil water and to keep it boiling. The more efficient the boiler operator can be, the less energy, heat, and fuel are needed to produce steam. Most boiler applications run 24/7/365. The energy to produce heat can come from natural gas, electric, or coal, among other sources and processes. So the smallest amount of B.T.U’s you can save will add up to big savings to your fiscal year’s bottom line. There are many processes in the boiler room dedicated to maintaining and reusing already generated B.T.U’s. Condensate return pumps return condensed steam back to the boiler water as make up water, deaerator (D/A) tanks can reuse steam, and boiler chemicals are dosed into the boiler to make sure the water remains free of scale build up and of dissolved solids which hinder heat transfer from the boiler’s fire tubes to the water. And last but not least, when your boiler(s) application calls for continuous blowdown to maintain clean water, one can recover B.T.U’s from this as well. Madden Manufacturing is one of the industry leaders in designing boiler blowdown equipment, and specifically blowdown heat recovery systems. Concept of B.T.U’s & Heat Recovery To get you in the right frame of mind for this topic, think about when you’re preparing to cook noodles and need to boil a pot of water. Some may simply fill a pot of water and turn the stove on high and not think twice about it. However, others may think to specifically fill their pot with the hottest water possible from the sink. In this case the water would come to a boil faster and the stove will not have to work as hard. This is because the hot water from the sink contained more B.T.U’s than it would have otherwise. The stove didn’t need to produce as many B.T.U’s to reach boiling. Usually ground water or city water is around 60-70 degrees Fahrenheit, and your water heater can provide water closer to 100-110 degrees Fahrenheit. That is 40 less B.T.U’s needed to be generated by the stove top to reach boiling. If you were not familiar with British Thermal units before, hopefully the concept where it concerns boilers is a little clearer now. So let’s see how the Madden Manufacturing Blowdown Heat Recovery System product line works. Understanding boiler blowdown Terms to know: - Intermittent bottom boiler blowdown: this is when the boiler room operator occasionally blows down the dirty water at the bottom of the boiler. It is usually done by opening a valve for 30-60 seconds and then closing it. Commonly done at the beginning and end of each day. - Continuous surface boiler blowdown: this is when the boiler is set up to constantly blowdown a small amount of the dirty water that forms at the top level of the boiler’s water line. To keep suspended solids from building up and hindering steam production efficiency, some boilers need to constantly blowdown water which will then be replaced by clean make up water. The continuous surface blowdown is commonly 3-5% of steam production. (Need an industrial blowdown control valve for exactly that? Check out our Orifice Meter design). First and foremost, back to safety, the boiler operator needs to get the temperature of the boiler blowdown water at or under 140 degrees Fahrenheit. This is a common benchmark to reach as 140 degrees or less will not cause severe burns should the blowdown make contact with skin. Blowdown tanks and blowdown separators are two of the more common products for handling intermittent, bottom blowdown, and are sometimes used for continuous surface blowdown as well. If your boilers are doing any continuous surface blowdown, contact our factory for a savings calculation. There may be thousands of dollars to be saved from recovered B.T.U.’s in the blowdown, that you cannot get back using tanks and separators. And here’s why: The first stage in handling intermittent bottom blowdown and/or continuous surface blowdown is dealing with the flash steam that is created when hot, high pressure boiler blowdown enters a low pressure vessel. With blowdown tanks and separators, this steam is safely vented to atmosphere. The second stage is then to handle the remaining hot water. For boiler blowoff tanks, they are sized to hold one blowdown and cool it by natural convection, until the next blowdown comes and is quenched with the already cooled water. The water level will then rise over the overflow drain and safely go to the city sewer. With a blowdown separator, the remaining hot water after the flash steam has been vented gets immediately quenched and cooled with cooling water via a temperature regulating valve that allows cool city water to mix with the blowdown. Not a big deal, remember, this is usually only happening for 30 seconds, twice a day. But if the boiler operator is utilizing continuous surface blowdown to keep the boiler water clean, this is happening all day long, every day. So, to recap, with these devices HOT flash steam is vented to atmosphere, and remaining HOT blowdown water is quenched and drained to the city sewer. In other words, B.T.U’s are allowed to float out of the building and into the sky and also directly drained to the city sewer. Madden Manufacturing’s heat recovery systems can recover up to 90% of these otherwise lost B.T.U’s. Operation of Continuous, Surface Boiler Blowdown Heat Recovery With the concepts already laid out, explaining how a Madden boiler blowdown heat recovery system works is pretty easy. When the hot continuous surface blowdown enters its flash tank, the flash steam that is produced when entering the low pressure vessel, is designed to be piped back to a D/A tank, instead of going to atmosphere. There are many valuable B.T.U’s in the flash steam that can be reused in the D/A tank so that less fuel/heat are needed to keep the water boiling in the boiler. After the flash steam has been released and vented to the D/A tank, the remaining hot boiler blowdown leaves the bottom of the vessel when a float valve is activated and passes through/over either a coiled heat exchanger or U-tube type heat exchanger. Here, the water the boiler operator uses as make up water, should first be piped through the heat exchanger of the Madden heat recovery system. It serves a dual purpose. First, this make up water (normally around 60 degrees) will be cooling the dirty boiler blowdown to under 140 degrees so that it can safely and legally drain to the city sewer. Second, on the flip side, it is picking up B.T.U’s from the hot boiler blowdown. It picks up heat. So now instead of sending 60 degree make up water to the boiler, the boiler operator can constantly be sending make up water that has picked up 10+ degrees from the hot blowdown water. Much less fuel is then needed to continue boiling, and this starts to add up when you consider it is happening 24/7/365 days out of the year! If your boiler room has a boiler or boilers utilizing continuous surface blowdown, and you do not already have some form of heat recovery, give us a call! We would love to start working on this project with you to save B.T.U’s and therefore thousands of dollars.

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Breath focus is one way to begin a meditative practice. Here are some other methods that also include the foundational support of the breath. 4.1 Mindfulness Meditation This is a popular style of meditation today. It is the practice of focusing on one thing at a time. This could be your breath, like the Pranayama exercise, or it could be on a task, thought, or mantra. In normal circumstances, we are constantly being distracted by what is going on outside of ourselves. Mindfulness Meditation allows you to move those distractions to the periphery to focus solely on one thing. You will discover that it is a wonderful way to help clear and quiet your mind. 4.2 Music Meditation Find some quiet time for yourself, put on a set of headphones, turn on your favorite music, and allow those songs to take you on a relaxing journey. It is another way to tune out the outside distractions so that you can find healing in your mind and body. 4.3 Body Scan Meditation Much like Mindfulness Meditation, the focus of this practice is to focus on one thing; in this case, pay close attention to a bodily sensation. This could be a dull pain in your lower back, sensitivity in your hands, or a nagging headache. When you pinpoint your mental focus (and breath) on this one area, the idea is to send a positive, healing thought to that area. Energetically, this spurs a flow of pain release, cleansing, and mental clarity. 4.4 Vipassana Meditation As mentioned earlier, racing thoughts tend to be the source of our stress these days. Constant thinking about our economic future and the welfare of our families. The content of those thoughts. Vipassana means "seeing things as they really are." It is a meditative practice that encourages you to come to stillness and allow those racing thoughts to enter your consciousness. But instead of dwelling on them, use cleansing exhales to dismiss those plaguing thoughts from your mind. This, too, is an effective way to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. The result is seeing your life more truthfully and having a much more positive perspective. 4.5 Walking Meditation Sometimes sitting still can be a difficult thing to do. You can also consider a Walking Meditation. This can be done right in your own home, in the neighborhood, or out in nature. Rather than walk to reach a specific destination, use the exercise to walk slowly and intentionally. Notice your feet touch the ground or grass. Observe the clouds in the sky. Listen to the sound of the birds in the trees. Turning to our natural world is very healing to the heart, mind, and soul. Welcome to Majisports.com! At Maji Sports, we create good quality, yoga, fitness, meditation and rehabilitation products that are well designed and eco-friendly.

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In recent years, round ball organic fertilizer granules are more popular with farms because it is eaiser to be spread and better release nutrients. But how to make quality round ball organic fertilizer from compost? The answer as follows. The Process of Making Round Ball Organic Fertilizer In general, the process of round ball compost granules production contains 5 steps: 1. Collection of Organic compost material: If you have composted fertilizer material, you can start round ball fertilizer making directly. If not, you can buy a composting equipment with required capacity first. 2. Screening and Grinding: Once the composting process is complete, the compost is screened to remove any large particles or contaminants. The screened compost is then ground into a fine powder to ensure uniformity and ease of granulation. The ground compost is fed into a granulation machine, where it is mixed with binding agents and moisture to form round balls. The granulation process can be carried out using different types of round ball compost granulators, such as rotary drum granulators, disc granulators, or New type organic fertilizer granulator. These machines help in shaping the compost into uniform, spherical granules. Click here to learn more. 4. Drying and Cooling: The granulated compost is then dried to reduce its moisture content and increase its shelf life. After drying, the granules are cooled to solidify and stabilize them, ensuring they retain their shape and nutrient content. The final step involves packaging the round ball organic fertilizer for distribution and sale. The packaged fertilizer is ready to be used by farmers and gardeners to enhance soil fertility and promote plant growth. Benefits of Round Ball Organic Fertilizer 1. Improved Soil Structure: Round ball organic fertilizer enhances soil structure by increasing its porosity and water-holding capacity. This leads to better root development and nutrient uptake by plants. 2. Sustainable Nutrient Supply: Organic fertilizers release nutrients slowly over time, providing a steady supply of essential nutrients to plants without the risk of nutrient leaching or runoff. 3. Environmental Protection: By recycling organic waste into valuable fertilizer, we reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills and minimize greenhouse gas emissions. This contributes to a healthier environment and combats climate change. 4. Enhanced Soil Microbial Activity: Organic fertilizers promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, which play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and disease suppression. Utilizing organic waste to produce fertilizer reduces the need for chemical fertilizers, leading to cost savings for farmers and gardeners. Round ball organic fertilizer made from compost is a game-changer in the realm of sustainable agriculture. By transforming organic waste into nutrient-rich granules, this approach not only addresses waste management issues but also promotes healthier soil and more productive crops. The benefits of using organic fertilizers are manifold, including improved soil structure, sustainable nutrient supply, environmental protection, enhanced soil microbial activity, and cost-effectiveness. If you need a round ball compost granulation plan, you can visist https://www.granulatedcompostsolutions.com/product/round-ball-compost-pellet-machine/ for reference. As we move towards a more sustainable future, adopting practices like producing and using round ball organic fertilizer can make a significant impact. It is a win-win solution that supports both agricultural productivity and environmental conservation, paving the way for a greener and more sustainable world.

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Christiaan Huygens (14.04.1929, Netherlands) was a Dutch physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and inventor who is regarded as a major figure in the Science Revolution. He is the founder of Mathematical Physics. With his geometry skills, at the age of 8, he impressed his tutor Descartes. He is known in mathematics for his contributions to probability. He is the pioneer in the Probability Theorem, and his first systematic treatise to deal with Games of Chance and Problems of Points. His first treatise demonstrated and proved the theorem of combinations which is fundamentally established the formula:

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Depression and Mental Health Eating disorder sufferers can find it to be very difficult to talk about or explain their depression, especially to someone who has never experienced such feelings themselves. When it comes to depression and eating disorders, things that used to give an individual self-esteem or a sense of value suddenly vanish. Things that were once important no longer seem to matter, feel genuine, or become overshadowed by negative thoughts and self-image. Depression, much like eating disorders, is incredibly isolating. There are three main types of depression, and they are: Major Depressive Disorder A mood disorder that is characterized by a combination of symptoms, such as loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities, disturbance in appetite, changes in sleep patterns, feelings of guilt, loss of self-esteem, or suicidal thoughts or attempts. Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) A mild but long-term (chronic) form of depression with the same symptoms as major depression. Symptoms often last for two years, and often for much longer than that. People with dysthymia are often thought of as being overly critical, constantly complaining, or incapable of having fun. Formerly called ‘manic depression’ is a mental illness that brings severe high and low moods and changes in sleep, energy, thinking, and behavior. These mood fluctuations do not follow a set pattern. A person may remain in the same mood state (depressed or manic) for several months before switching to the opposite mood. These episodes can happen over a period of weeks, months, and sometimes even years. Not everyone who is depressed experiences all of the symptoms common with depression, yet some may suffer from many. The severity of depression symptoms may vary and can also vary over time as well. Some of the symptoms are: - Persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, or an “empty” mood - Feelings of guilt, worthlessness - Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism - Insomnia, early-morning waking, or oversleeping - Decreased energy, fatigue, being “slowed down” - Restlessness or irritability - Physical problems that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders, or chronic pain - Difficulty concentrating, making decisions, or remembering - Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that you used to enjoy - Appetite and/or weight loss, overeating and weight gain - Thoughts of death or suicide; suicide attempts - Irregular or absent menstrual cycles - Disrupted sleep patterns How Eating Disorders Play A Role Individuals with eating disorders and depression may also show signs of other self-destructive behaviors. Eating disorders are a negative means of coping with life and stress, as well as a reaction to low self-esteem. As we’ve previously discussed here, approximately 90% of individuals with an eating disorder exhibit signs of clinical depression. This is a very dangerous combination. In fact, individuals who suffer from eating disorders and depression show an increased rate of suicide than those who deal exclusively with depression. Research has also shown that being malnourished and severely underweight, common in anorexia, causes physiological changes that can negative affect your mood. Also, when a person becomes fixated and obsessed with body size and shape, this can fuel their depressive state. This is how anorexia and depression can fuel one another. Additionally, it has been seen on a biological level that the brain’s ability to produce neurotransmitters that effect mood are also severely depleted by malnutrition. As an individual becomes more malnourished, serotonin production decreases, making traditional antidepressant medication for anorexia and depression less effective. The Good News While treatment for depression and eating disorders can be challenging and complex, it can be done. At The Meadows Ranch, we know that eating disorder treatment is most effective when it is combined with psychological counseling to address the underlying issues of your particular disorder and symptoms. This is why we incorporate a variety of therapies to not only help our patients regain a healthy weight, but these therapies also help tackle the patients’ co-occurring depression. For instance, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy is considered especially effective for treating eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa and our Family Systems Theory is particularly successful helping patients recover from anorexia. For additional information about the treatment of eating disorders and depression, please call to speak to a Counselor at 866-390-5100 and we will contact you with the information you need.

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When playing shuttlecock, it is important to keep the shuttle close to the ground on a net lift so that you don’t catch it too far away from your opponent and risk being closer to the ground. A net lift can be played from either side of the court, although it is generally played forecourt because this gives players more time to react. After returning the shuttlecock with a return stroke, some players may choose to drop or “net keep” in order maintain control over the rally. Winning points at tennis can come down to small details such as positioning and strategy – learn all you need about each play style by reading up on SnippetText’s tennis content. What Is A Net Lift In Badminton? Shuttle is caught closer to the ground on a net lift than on a toss Net lift is generally played from the forecourt The return stroke should go back or keep in front of the net (drop shot) Playing safe and smart are essential when playing this sport – make sure you’re using good judgement. What does Net Lift mean? A Net Lift is a fishing device that is designed to be fished vertically through the water. It usually consists of a bag or basket-shaped net, which can be lowered into the water and used to take smelts. The common use for this type of net is taking fish out of lakes and ponds, but it can also be used for other purposes such as collecting insects or plants in freshwater habitats. The lift nets are made from different materials including mesh, plastic film, or fiberglass depending on their intended purpose and application. There are many different types of lift nets available on the market today depending on your specific needs as an angler. What is backhand lift in badminton? The backhand net lift is a stroke used in badminton to gain time and put the opponent under pressure. It’s played from the forecourt into the opponent’s rear court, depending on their positioning. It can be played high or flat, depending on what the opponents are doing at that moment. The timing of this stroke is important in order to gain an advantage over your opponent. What is badminton drop? A badminton drop is an easy way to miss your shot and lose the game. If you can’t control your badminton drop, it will be hard to win any rallies. You need to practice hitting your shots so that they fall into the net with more power. Watch how other players play in order to figure out what kind of ball or shuttlecock gives them success on the court-this information can help you improve too. Make sure that all of your shots are falling into the net; this will give you a better chance at winning games and matches. What is ace in badminton? Ace is a good serve that the receiver is unable to touch with the racket. Backhand is any stroke made on the side of the body opposite the racket side. Birdie is the shuttle or shuttlecock, the object being hit. Carry occurs when the birdie is carried by the racket and results in an illegal point scored against your opponent. What are the 5 shots in badminton? Choosing the right shot in badminton is essential for beginners, just as it is for more advanced players. The five shots are Clear, Drive, Drop, Smash and Net – learn which one to use with each hit and you’ll be on your way to victory. Be sure to practice regularly so that you can become a better player – there’s no substitute for hard work. Get tips from experienced players by following their play online or at an event near you. Have fun while playing Badminton – it’s a great workout too. What is the difference between the smash and high serve? A high serve is a delivery that drops steeply downwards at the back end of the court, preventing your opponent from executing a strong smash. A smash is delivered when the shuttle rises quickly and abruptly to meet the ball at or just above head height (typically resulting in an error). The difference between these two serves lies in their effect on your opponent’s game plan – a high serve will prevent them from executing a strong smash, while smashing can be more effective if used strategically against certain opponents. Keep this distinction in mind when you’re playing tennis; it’ll help you decide how to play each point better. What are badminton balls called? The shuttlecock is historically known as a “bird” or “birdie” and still used in modern play. A synthetic material shuttlecock is also allowed by the Badminton World Federation. Shuttles made from different materials are available for purchase, depending on your preference and game style. Choose a badminton ball that suits your playing style and will help you win more games. Frequently Asked Questions What is the difficult stroke in badminton? The difficult stroke in badminton is the backhand clear. Players must use precise technique to muster enough power for the shuttlecock to travel the full length of the court. Backhand smashes are also weak because they lack power. What is the most basic shot in badminton? There is no one definitive answer to this question. Different players use different techniques to defend against other player’s shots, so it ultimately depends on the badminton court and its conditions. What is the difference between a drop and smash? A drop is a high overhand shot that goes from one end of the court to the other. A smash is an underhand shot that places the shuttlecock near the baseline of the court. What is the legal height you are allowed to serve from in badminton? The legal height you are allowed to serve from in badminton is 1.15 meters. Which of stroke is not usually for defending a smash? 75 which of these is not a usually stroke for defending a smash? Blocks and drives are counter-attacking moves, where lifts might allow the opponent to continue smashing. What is the most powerful shot in badminton? The badminton smash is the most powerful shot in badminton. It’s usually played on the forehand, and is difficult to return because of its speed and angle. Can you smash a serve in badminton? Players can try to smash a serve in badminton by shortening the height of their stroke and hitting it as close to the ground as possible. What is patty cake in badminton? In badminton, patty cake is a traditional move that allows two players to trade drives. What is the most common stroke in badminton? There is no one stroke that causes the most strokes during badminton. It depends on how strong your hand and wrist are, as well as the speed of your attack. What are the 4 defensive strokes? The four defensive strokes are; Forehand drive. Backhand push. What is the old name of badminton? The game of badminton is often called Poona. It was originally played in India, and the first rules were drawn up there in 1873. What are the 3 parts of a racket? The three main parts of a badminton racket are the stringed area, the head, and the throat. Which stroke should barely clear the net? Use Drop Shot – a shot that barely clears the net and falls to the opponent’s front court. What is the difference between smash and high serve in badminton? The two main types of serve in badminton are the high Serves and Smash. A high serve will drop steeply downwards at the back end of the court, preventing your opponent from executing a strong smash. Instead, they may do something like a lob or a drop which is more expected from them (unless they can do a jump slam). A net lift is when a player’s body or racket moves out of the normal playing area, either by accident or on purpose. This can be dangerous and result in a loss of points, so it’s important to watch for and avoid net lifts in badminton.

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Nutrients coming into Flathead Lake are low, but imbalanced When it comes to lake ecosystems, nutrient balance matters. And a nutrient imbalance in Flathead Lake is alarming scientists. While the overall levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in Flathead Lake have not been increasing, researchers at the Flathead Lake Biological Station discovered that the lake has sustained a high ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the last 40 years. The imbalance has exceeded the normal nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio that matches the needs of most phytoplankton, the lake’s microscopic floating algae. When the ratio between nitrogen and phosphorus is high, as it is in Flathead Lake, plankton growth is likely limited by lack of available phosphorus for much of the year. The University of Montana’s Flathead Lake Biological Station has examined nearly 40 years of nutrient levels in Flathead Lake. This dataset documents a sustained imbalance between nitrogen and phosphorus that likely has significant ecological consequences in Flathead Lake, as well as other low-nutrient ecosystems. Flathead Lake Biological Station director Jim Elser, a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the lead author on the study, said strong imbalances in nitrogen and phosphorus in ecosystems can have big impacts. Flathead Lake is known for its clean and clear water, largely because the geology encompassing its watershed is low in nutrients, especially phosphorus. This means there are very low levels of nutrients that can be weathered from the bedrock to reach the lake through rainstorms and snowmelt. Therefore, there are low levels of nutrients available for lake algae to grow, and Flathead Lake remains clear and blue instead of green and murky. This low background of naturally supplied nutrients makes Flathead Lake very sensitive to human-driven inputs of nutrients, Elser said. Human inputs of nutrients into Flathead Lake raised concerns in the 1970s and 1980s. Research conducted by Flathead Lake Biological Station scientists led to measures in the Flathead Valley watershed, including one of the nation’s largest bans on phosphorus-containing laundry detergents and a multimillion-dollar overhaul of upstream wastewater treatment facilities in Kalispell to remove phosphorus to very low levels. But in recent years, Elser, said, “We found that the overall levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in Flathead Lake and its surrounding rivers and streams ... are low but not increasing,” Elser said. “In fact, nitrogen and phosphorus levels coming into Flathead Lake from its larger rivers actually appear to be slowly declining. This is great news for the water quality and clarity in our beloved Flathead Lake, while water quality in many of the world’s lakes is declining due to increasing nutrient inputs.” The research found the nitrogen-to-phosphorus imbalance in Flathead Lake sets the stage for potential production of the greenhouse gas methane. This occurs when phosphorus-hungry microbes start to scavenge phosphorus from organic molecules and produce methane as a byproduct. These findings have implications not only for Flathead Lake but also for lakes globally. Wastewater treatment systems, agricultural runoff and urban influences are increasingly recognized as contributing to nitrogen-to-phosphorus imbalance in a variety of situations. “At Flathead Lake, implementation of wastewater treatment processes that more effectively remove nitrogen would help balance the lake’s nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio,” Elser said. “Regionally, a reduction of the atmospheric transport of nitrogen, which occurs through fossil fuel combustion or volatilization of agricultural fertilizers or animal wastes, would also help reduce nitrogen inputs to the lake.” To learn more: For the complete study, visit the Proceedings of the National Academy website at https://www.pnas.org/eprint/BTJ6FEQZNWYCSCB93R2U/full. Montana Living photos by David Reese

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https://www.montanaliving.com/blogs/montana-matters-news-about-montana/good-news-and-bad-news-for-flathead-lake-ecosystem

2024-10-03T19:28:15Z

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Enshrines: Toshoko, Tokugawa Ieyasu. Kunozan Toshogu enshrines Tokugawa Ieyasu, the first Shogun of Tokugawa. He finished the Sengoku period and took over Japan. He brought the peace and stability of Japan for over 260 years. Tokugawa government is the only government that had no war including civil war for over 260 years in the history of human kinds. After the retirement of Shogun, Ieyasu lived at Sumpu, current Shizuoka. He died in April 17, 1616 (age 75) right after the siege of Osaka. At the farewell note, Ieyasu wished buried at Kunozan first and moved to Nikko. His son, Hidetada, built both Nikko and Kunosan Toshogu after the death of Ieyasu. Because Kunozan Toshogu was established by the most powerful person for the former most power person, the buildings were the best structures and art at that time. The main building is registered as the national treasure of Japan. It is Gongen style building that was designed and constructed by Nakai Masakiyo, who designed Nagoya castle, Ninna Temple and Nijo castle. All of his works are registered as the national treasure. There are 1159 steps. It has a great view of Suruga Bay. Constructed in 1617. National Treasure of Japan. It remains the complete original structure for over 400 years. This building one of the best building in Japan. 2nd Shogun constructed for his father with the best technology and art. All the carving, painting structures were designed by the best artist at that time. -The Grave of Ieyasu- Ieyasu was buried here first. The grave is the original construction built by Iemitsu. It face west to watch the western Daimyo. Horse of Ieyasu was buried here. -Handprint of Ieyasu- When he was 38 years old. Official website: http://www.toshogu.or.jp/english/index.html

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Trees make noise at night due to various factors such as wind, insects, and animals. This noise can be heard as rustling, creaking, or cracking sounds. The rustling sound mainly occurs due to the movement of the branches and leaves caused by the wind. Cracking and creaking sounds can result from the expansion and contraction of tree trunks or branches due to temperature changes. Additionally, insects and animals can cause noise in trees by making their homes in the branches or burrowing in the bark. Trees are fascinating beings that can live for hundreds of years, and they contribute to the ecosystem in numerous ways. They provide shelter and food for animals, produce oxygen, and remove carbon dioxide from the air. However, sometimes they can also make eerie noises at night, leaving us wondering about the cause. In this article, we will explore the various factors that make noise in trees at night, including natural elements such as wind, insects, and animals. So, let’s dive in and discover the mysteries of the night-time forest! The Basics Of Tree Sounds Trees can produce a variety of sounds, often heard at night. Wind blowing through branches and rustling leaves can create soft whispering sounds. Creaking, popping, or cracking noises may be the result of a stressed or damaged tree trunk. Woodpeckers and other birds may also contribute to the soundscape, tapping on the bark or hollows in trees. Insects like cicadas or crickets are known to make chirping or buzzing sounds. Some trees also release gases that produce musical notes when they pass through the branches. These sounds may be the result of temperature changes or pressure inside the tree. Whatever the cause may be, the tree sounds at night are a fascinating phenomenon. Common Natural Causes Of Tree Noises At Night Noise from trees may be alarming at night but it’s often caused by natural factors. Wind is one of the common causes as it vibrates branches and causes rustling sounds. Rainfall can also generate noises as it drips through the leaves and branches. Animals can also contribute to the noise as they climb and traverse through trees. Some examples of animals that cause noise in trees are squirrels, raccoons, and bats. Familiarizing oneself with these natural factors that cause noise in trees can be reassuring and provide a soothing ambiance rather than something to be afraid of. Understanding these factors can also help individuals who reside in forested areas appreciate the beauty of the surroundings at night. insects that making noise at Night #shorts #insectsounds #world Uncommon Causes Of Tree Noises At Night There are several uncommon causes of noise in trees at night. Insects can contribute to this noise, as some species dwell within trees and make noises as they move. Additionally, diseases on trees can create noise as the wood deteriorates and cracks. Thunderstorms can also add to the noise, as the wind makes trees sway and creak. These sounds can be alarming, but they are a natural part of the environment. However, if the noise appears to be excessive or there are visible signs of damage, it may be time to consult an arborist to ensure the health and safety of the tree. Tree Sounds Across Different Seasons Trees have a unique way of making sounds depending on the season. During spring and summer, leaves rustling against each other in the wind create noises that can be heard in nearby residential areas at night. In autumn, dry leaves on the ground produce a crunching noise in the wind. Additionally, in winter, the weight of snow can cause branches to creak and crackle. Different species of trees have distinct sounds based on their size, shape and bark texture. Identifying the trees responsible for the noises can be done by observing their physical characteristics. Understanding how different seasons affect tree sounds can help us appreciate the natural world around us and become more familiar with the local environment. Benefits Of Listening To Tree Noises At Night Listening to the soothing sounds of trees at night can be a natural cure for mental exhaustion. It is said to have a calming effect on the mind and can help with sleep issues. Furthermore, eco-tourism industries are exploring this phenomenon further by creating nature therapy programs. These programs are designed to promote mental wellness and increase environmental awareness. On the scientific front, researchers have discovered that tree noises contribute to the ecosystem by attracting insect pollinators, repelling predators, and stimulating growth. Thus, it is clear that listening to tree noises at night has numerous benefits from a mental health and eco-tourism perspective, as well as a scientific perspective. Nature has its unique way of communicating with us, and the mysterious noises that come from trees at night is one way it does that. Although it can be unsettling for some, understanding what causes tree noises can alleviate the fear. We have discussed several reasons for these sounds, including wind movements, animal activity and tree stress. It’s crucial to note that these noises are a normal part of tree growth and activity, and not something to fear. If you’re ever curious about tree sounds at night, don’t hesitate to take a walk and listen up close. So, the next time you hear rustling sounds coming from trees, it’s probably best to assume it’s just nature’s way of speaking to us. Let’s cherish the beauty and mystery of nature, and appreciate the small things that make it so remarkable.

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2024-10-03T19:31:36Z

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This high quality also comes with a high price, because gyokuro is one of the most expensive types of Japanese green tea! Gyokuro has a dark green color, and when brewed it is slightly sweet, with a refreshing aroma. How is gyokuro made? The process to make gyokuro is very similar to sencha, the only difference lies in the cultivation method. At least 20 days prior to harvesting, the tea leaves are shielded from sunlight. Because of the added difficulty in shading, the production cost is higher. The video below shows how the green tea field is shaded. The same process is used for both gyokuro and matcha. What difference does shading the tea make? As a side note, L-theanine is only found in some members of the Camellia genus (such as the green tea plant), the Boletus badius mushroom and the guayusa plant. L-theanine is produced by the roots of the green tea plant and is then sent to the leaves. When light hits the leaves, L-theanine goes through a process which breaks it down to finally form catechin. Catechin is a polyphenol that is responsible for green tea’s astringency. Although catechin is a powerful antioxidant with many health benefits, it must be balanced with L-theanine for an optimum taste. With less sunlight, there is less photosynthesis. Therefore, there is less L-theanine being converted into catechin when the leaves are under the shade. This is why gyokuro is rich in L-theanine and why it has its characteristic taste. History of gyokuro The origin of gyokuro can be traced to the Yamamotoyama company. In 1835, Yamamoto Kahei (山本嘉兵衛) the sixth traveled to Uji to study tencha processing. It’s been said that the practice of shading the tea before the harvest was invented by Uji farmers in an attempt to protect the green tea leaves from frost by using straw umbrellas. Yamamoto tried to replicate the results but ended with a different kind of tea, which nevertheless tasted great and became popular. He named it tamanotsuyu (玉の露). How to brew gyokuro Remember that gyokuro is considered a luxury even in Japan. You should take care to brew it properly so as to fully enjoy its flavor and aroma. Use a small kyusu (Japanese tea pot: 急須), or if you want to take it one step further, there are two types of kyusu especially designed for brewing gyokuro: houhin (宝瓶) and shiboridashi (搾り出し). The other utensil you may need is a yuzamashi (湯冷まし), which is basically a container to pour water in order to cool it. If you don’t have a yuzamashi, don’t worry. Just use something similar, like a mug. The yuzamashi is mainly used for aesthetic purposes. Check the video at the end of this post to see how the yuzamashi and the houhin are used. The main point when brewing gyokuro is that the temperature must be lower than other green teas, and the brewing time is longer. The ideal temperature is 50°C ~ 60°C (122°F ~ 140°F) and the brewing time is 2 ~ 3 minutes. If you use a higher temperature the gyokuro will get bitter, and if don’t brew it long enough you will not enjoy its sweetness. First boil water in a tea kettle ( 100°C, 212°F) and then pour it into the houhin. This will lower the temperature of the water, to about 90ºC (194°F). Next, pour the water from the houhin to the tea cups (about 20 ml per cup, that’s why you should use small cups for gyokuro) and discard any remaining water. This way you’ve lowered the water temperature by another 10 degrees celcius, measured the right amount of water and warmed the cups. Now its time to lower the temperature again. Pour the water from the cups into the yuzamashi to lower another 10°C and then add a teaspoon (4 gr) of gyokuro per cup into your houhin, and pour the water from the yuzamashi into the houhin. The number of times that the water was poured was 4, which brings the temperature to 60°C (100°C-40°C) or lower. You don’t need an exact temperature, just something close. Let brew for 3 minutes, and then serve into each cup little by little so as to have a uniform mix in each cup. It takes up some time but tasting the unique flavor of gyokuro is worth it. I embedded a video (in Japanese, sorry!) so you can visually follow the process. You may also find that some people pour hot water into the yuzamashi first instead of the houhin, etc. There is more than one way to do it but the results are the same.

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What to Know - St. Paul's Chapel, the oldest church in Manhattan, will celebrate 250 years with the revealing of a months-long interior renovation - St. Paul's was built in 1766 as a "Chapel of Ease" for the "uptown" parishioners of the expanding city - Today it is most remembered for providing meals, beds and counseling to rescue workers after 9/11 Manhattan's oldest church is getting ready to celebrate its 250-year history, which includes worshipers ranging from George Washington to those who searched for victims following the Sept. 11 attacks. St. Paul's Chapel in Lower Manhattan is best known today as the "Little Church that Stood," having survived unscathed, with not even a broken window, as the World Trade Center towers came down across the street. A months-long interior renovation of the Episcopal sanctuary will be unveiled on its anniversary date Oct. 30, along with a "9/11 Chapel of Remembrance" area for quiet reflection that also contains artifacts of the attacks. Tuesday, a weather-resistant statue of St. Paul was to be lowered by crane to a spot outside the chapel where the original had stood. The original has been restored and will be moved inside and unveiled on the anniversary date. St. Paul's, the chapel of the Parish of Trinity Church several blocks south, is Manhattan's last remaining colonial structure. It was built in 1766 as a "Chapel of Ease" for the "uptown" parishioners of the expanding city, then at the tip of Manhattan. It was known best in colonial times for surviving several fires, the most devastating of which was the Great Fire of 1776 that consumed a quarter of lower Manhattan. A fire bucket brigade saved the chapel but Trinity, built in 1698, was turned into a pile of rubble. "That is why Founding Fathers like George Washington wound up worshipping at St. Paul's regularly," said Anne Petrimoulx, the archivist for Trinity and St. Paul's. In sprucing up for its 250th anniversary, the chapel's blue ceiling and pink walls, rendered during an earlier restoration in the 1960s, are being covered in white dove and natural cream traced back to the mid-1800s - the earliest color conservationist could find. Conservators took about 1,000 samples from various locations - columns, balconies, ceilings and walls - "and wound up finding the earliest color they could," said project manager Luke Johns. The church's remarkable historical artifacts also have been restored in recent years. They include an 18th-century painting of the Great Seal of the United States and the oldest monument in New York, commissioned by the Continental Congress in 1776, to an American revolutionary war hero, Gen. Richard Montgomery. But it is equally renowned for its long ministry including religious services for printers getting off work in the wee hours of the night in the early 1900s and opening a business lunch club for women when the female workforce was relatively small. Today, most remember it for providing meals, beds and counseling to rescue workers after 9/11.

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https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/nycs-little-church-that-stood-plans-250th-anniversary-september-11-chapel/569151/

2024-10-03T20:13:30Z

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What Does Vitamin D Deficiency Cause? Vitamin D deficiency can have a wide range of effects on the body due to the important role that vitamin D plays in various physiological processes. Some of the health consequences and conditions associated with vitamin D deficiency include: - Bone Health Issues: Vitamin D is essential for maintaining healthy bones by aiding in the absorption of calcium from the digestive tract. Deficiency can lead to weakened bones, increased risk of fractures, and conditions like osteoporosis and osteomalacia (softening of the bones). - Muscle Weakness: Vitamin D deficiency can contribute to muscle weakness, which may lead to impaired mobility and an increased risk of falls. - Rickets: Severe vitamin D deficiency in children can cause rickets, a condition characterized by weak and deformed bones. It can lead to bowed legs, delayed growth, and other skeletal deformities. - Increased Risk of Chronic Diseases: Emerging research suggests that vitamin D deficiency may be linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, certain cancers, and respiratory infections. - Immune System Dysfunction: Vitamin D plays a role in supporting the immune system, and deficiency may lead to a compromised immune response, potentially increasing susceptibility to infections. - Depression: Some studies have suggested a link between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk of depression and mood disorders. - Cognitive Impairment: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with cognitive decline and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. - Autoimmune Disorders: Vitamin D deficiency may be implicated in the development and progression of autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. - Cardiovascular Health: Some research suggests that low vitamin D levels might be associated with an increased risk of hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. - Respiratory Health: Vitamin D may play a role in maintaining lung health, and deficiency has been linked to respiratory infections like colds and influenza. - Pregnancy Complications: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy can lead to complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and an increased risk of infections. - Hormonal Imbalances: Vitamin D deficiency may impact hormonal balance, potentially contributing to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and impaired fertility. - Inflammatory Responses: Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to increased inflammation in the body, which is associated with a variety of chronic health conditions. It’s important to note that the effects of vitamin D deficiency can vary based on factors such as the severity of the deficiency, the duration of deficiency, individual genetics, and other health conditions. If you suspect you have a vitamin D deficiency, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional. They can order a blood test to measure your vitamin D levels and provide guidance on supplementation, dietary changes, and other interventions if necessary.

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Did you know sea turtles are one of the world’s oldest species? Scientific evidence shows they are at least 100 million years old and the nearest turtle ancestors are up to 112 million years old. Raja Ampat is an incredible place to see at least four of the world’s seven turtle species. Read on to learn more about where, when and how to see sea turtles in Raja Ampat. Why are sea turtles so special? Sea Turtles play a critical role in marine environments. They are almost like their own reef system, with parasites and fish living on their backs. They provide transport and nutrition for these stowaways. Nearly all sea turtle species eat jellyfish, and in fact a leatherback can eat up to 200kg of jellyfish a day! This is important because jellyfish feed on juvenile fish, so jellyfish populations need to be kept in check to let fish populations thrive. Green and Hawksbill turtles also have a vital role balancing the ecosystem. Greens eat sea grass, allowing new shoots to flourish. Without turtles to trim the sea grass it would become overgrown and grow deadly slim mold. Hawksbills on the other hand, eat sponges, which would strangle the coral if left unchecked. Sponges are toxic to most sea creatures so the hawksbill’s job is an incredibly important one. With every species of sea turtle now endangered coral reefs are in grave danger. Turtles are absolutely imperative to the survival of the seas. Sea turtle conservation in Raja Ampat Raja Ampat was designated a shark, dugong, and sea turtle sanctuary in 2014. Since then a number of conservation agencies have been working with government officials and local communities to stop the capture of sea turtles for their meat and eggs. It is now illegal to catch turtles or collect their eggs in Raja Ampat. However, although this terrible practice is in decline, it still happens. When you stay at Papua Paradise you will be asked to comply with all the laws pertaining to the conservation of the marine ecosystem. You will also pay a fee of $100, which is included in the price of diving, to enter the Raja Ampat Marine Protected Area. This fee contributes towards community outreach, the marine park patrols and other costs of keeping the area safe. Where and when can I see sea turtles in Raja Ampat? Sea turtles can be spotted just about anywhere in Raja Ampat. They are nomadic, so you might be sitting on your deck at Papua Paradise Eco Resort and see one gliding past. However, there are a few spots where they are sighted more often. Hawksbills, Greens, Leatherbacks and Olive Ridleys all nest in Raja Ampat. In fact about 75% of the total number of nests in the west Pacific are laid on beaches in the Sausapor district. Green turtles are also known to nest on Waigeo. Hatching season is typically from July to August so around this time of year you might see more sea turtles in the area. Swim with sea turtles in Raja Ampat Sea turtles are one of the most majestic creatures in the sea and there is no more magical place to see them than Raja Ampat. Would you like to get up close and personal with these ancient giants? What do you think your reaction would be if you saw one swimming next to you? We’d love to hear your answers in the comments section.

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What Indians Ate in the 12th Century Dahi vada, dosa and barbequed rats… the cuisine of 12th century India sure was a mix of the known and the bizarre. The fascinating 12th century Sanskrit text Manasollasa, or the Delights Of The Mind, considered to be one of the oldest surviving cookbooks in India, gives us a fascinating insight into what people ate at that time, and how they lived. – It has 20 chapters dealing with food and recipes Indian food historian Colleen Taylor Sen in her book Feasts And Fasts: The History of Food in India explains that while gastronomical issues were given great importance in ancient Indian texts, little attention was paid to the culinary aspect. Most of the references to food in these ancient texts pertained to what should or should not be eaten, in what season, and so on. They gave little or no importance to the palate. Not this one, though; it offers very specific directions on how to prepare, cook and consume different foods. The Manasollasa – the earliest known ‘non-medical’ text on Indian food – was written in the court of King Bhulokamalla Someshvara III (r. 1127 – 1138 CE), a king of the Western Chalukya dynasty, which ruled a large part of peninsular India from their capital at Kalyani (Basavakalyan) in Karnataka. Written almost entirely in poetic verse, the Manasollasa is voluminous, with 100 chapters dealing with topics such as the qualifications of the king, governance and economics, food, music, entertainment and games. It is like an encyclopedia, offering advice ranging from how to train war elephants, to types of taxation and even make-up tips for women. It is in the third section of the book (Bhartur Upabhogakāraṇa) that you find 20 chapters dealing with food and recipes that are most interesting for the lay reader. Spread over 1,820 verses are food recipes that range from very familiar ones like dosaka (dosa), polika (puran poli) and vadika (dahi vada) to some really hair-raising ones like barbequed rats and roasted tortoise. It gives a glimpse into what the elite in 12th century India ate. – Spread over 1,820 verses are recipes for barbequed rats and roasted tortoise Manasollasa places great emphasis on eating in sync with the seasons – pungent food in the spring, sweet and cold foods in summer, salty in the monsoon, and hot and spicy in winter. It also suggests a combination of six basic flavours (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent and astringent) in meals. It recommends that food such as meat should be eaten with sour items, while acidic foods should be eaten with salt, and so on. Interestingly, the most common spice used is asafetida (hing) dissolved in water, a cooking practice widely prevalent in Karnataka, Maharashtra and Karnataka even today. In the text, we encounter a great variety of grains, pulses, vegetables and fruits that were consumed at the time. For example, Colleen Taylor Sen notes that while there are 40 fruits listed in the text, none of them has any English equivalent. Interestingly, there is even a recipe for a salad of raw mango, plantain, bitter gourd and jackfruit in sesame with black mustard-seed dressing, a platter that could quite well be on the menu of a trendy molecular gastronomy restaurant today! – There are 40 fruits listed in the text and none of them has any English equivalent! For medieval fast food lovers, there are recipes of purika, deep fried small dics popular today as paapdi eaten with chaat. There are also dumplings of urad dal and pepper soaked in yoghurt, a forerunner of the modern day dahi vada. Then there are recipes of the very familiar and ever-popular dosika (dosa), polika (puran poli) and different types of mandakas (parathas). Other snacks include peas pattice and what seem like five-lentil fritters (modern-day dal vadas). The Manasollasa has something for every palate and fish lovers will find listings of 35 varieties of fish, their habitat, size and appearance, what they should be fed to get the best flavours, how they should be cut and even recipes to prepare them. There are recipes for fried rohu, popular in North India even today, crab meat (to be cooked only in copper vessels) and roasted tortoise. For meat loves, recipes discuss a wide array of skewered meats (today’s kebabs), and not surprising for those pre-refrigerator times, a variety of offal. There is also a variety of black puddings made from sheep’s blood. And most eye-catching of all is the recipe for barbecued river rats. For refreshments, there are recipes for panaka, various types of fruit blended with buttermilk, known as fruit smoothies today; and molasses sprinkled with pepper and majjika, the equivalent of spiced buttermilk or chaas. The Manasollasa suggests that dishes prepared in earthen vessels are always tastier and recommends serving them in gold or gold-plated utensils to the king. The art of preparing wine from grapes and sugarcane is also described, with unusual sources being based on the brewing of talimadya (palm), narikelasava (coconut) and khajurasava (date). – The book suggests that dishes prepared in earthen vessels are always tastier The non-food chapters of Manasollasa describe various types of musical instruments, dances, types of games, perfumery, the art of painting, tips for laying gardens and so on. It captures an amazing snapshot of life in 12th century India. Thankfully, copies of this valuable time capsule have survived the ravages of time, and are preserved in the Bikaner Archives in Bikaner in Rajasthan, and in the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute in Pune. For those whose appetite has been whetted by this medieval slice-of-life treatise, English translations are available.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.peepultree.world/livehistoryindia/story/living-culture/what-indians-ate-in-the-12th-century

2024-10-03T20:40:59Z

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Addressing poverty is the “single best way” to help developing countries adapt to climate change, according to a new report from IFPRI, the International Food policy Research Institute. The study - Food Security, Farming and Climate Change to 2050 – was released Thursday at the U.N. Climate Change Conference in Cancun, Mexico. IFPRI senior research fellow Jerry Nelson, lead author of the study, says, “If you have higher income, you’re able to deal with whatever shocks come your way. You’re able to finance shortfalls in your food production, for example. Or you’re able to invest in some productivity improvements, like small-scale irrigation…new seed technology or management techniques.” While there would be a bit of uncertainty in those investments, he says, “If you have the resources you can afford to do some experimentation. So, that’s why for small farmers, and large farmers for that matter, having more income…is a way to deal with uncertainties that we expect coming out of the climate change future.” Some studies say to alleviate poverty, climate change should be addressed first. The IFPRI report takes a different approach. “I would not want to say that we should not look at climate change. In fact, I think looking at climate change is a critical activity for governments and for the private sector.” However, he adds, “We have uncertainties about the specific nature of the climate change at any particular location. So, a small farmer in Madagascar, for example, may experience in 20 years more precipitation in a particular time of the year or less precipitation. And so, any particular investment that’s targeted just for climate change runs the risk of being the wrong investment.” The report says by increasing farmer incomes, there’s greater flexibility to deal with whatever happens. Finding ways to produce more food The IFPRI report finds “improving crop productivity can counteract the negative effects of climate change on food production, prices and access.” Nelson says there’s a variety of ways to do that, besides boosting crops per unit of land. “We have to have products that can respond to a likely increase in variability of climate changes and temperature fluctuations and changes in precipitation,” he says. IFPRI makes similar recommendations for livestock, breeding hardy animals better able to deal with climate change. “But we can’t stop there,” Nelson says, “because a higher production by a farmer is no good unless he or she can get it to the marketplace. So governments need to invest in the physical infrastructure.” This includes roads and railroads. “And they also need to invest in the institutional infrastructure,” he says, “That’s everything from marketing institutions that provide support to farmers and to the marketing system within a country to providing the human capital and the physical capital to take the research output from the international research centers and transform them to activities and products that are useful for small farmers.” Nelson says action on IFPRI’s recommendation should begin now because there is a “time lag” between the when you start and “when you’re actually able to put something in the hands of farmers.” Jerry nelson is also a team leader at the Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Research Program at CGIAR, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. CGIAR is a global network linking development researchers and funders. Economics of DRR Food security and agriculture Country and region Is this page useful? Yes NoThank you. If you have 2 minutes, we would benefit from additional feedback (link opens in a new window).

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.preventionweb.net/news/climate-change-alleviating-poverty-helps-developing-countries-adapt

2024-10-03T20:13:29Z

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en

Indians consuming salt are ingesting microplastics from waste dumped in seas Traces of microplastics have been found in sea salt samples across the country Plastic pollution is a significant concern for ocean ecosystems. Although the amount of plastic discarded into the ocean is hard to measure conclusively, estimates reveal that at least 14 million tons of plastic make their way to oceans every year. Without immediate action, the amount of plastic is projected to substantially increase in the next two decades. The pervasive nature of plastic contamination in the marine world has come into widespread focus in recent times, with the detection of microplastics (plastic particles smaller than 5 mm) in various marine organisms, including fish, mussels, and crustaceans. Now, several studies have detected the presence of microplastics even in Indian sea salts, adding a new layer to the discourse on plastic’s omnipresence in our world. Although considered virtually indestructible, plastic in the environment does undergo fragmentation due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation and external forces resulting in mechanical and biological degradation, creating smaller plastic particles. Based on the size, these particles are classified as macro, meso and microplastics. The presence of microplastics has been analyzed in sea salt samples across the country by various research groups, emphasizing the need to rapidly address plastic pollution while keeping a check on marine-derived products.

<urn:uuid:ff7007b0-d8a5-4a0c-84fb-ead8cc53d610>

CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.quitplastic.in/post/indians-consuming-salt-are-ingesting-microplastics-from-waste-dumped-in-seas

2024-10-03T19:54:51Z

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en

Figure 1. Palmar blister What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the differential diagnosis? What is the most appropriate management? What is the most useful investigation to confirm the diagnosis? Figure 2. Lymphangitis Given the absence of medication use, the most likely diagnosis is recurrent Herpes simplex infection. H. simplex viruses produce primary and recurrent vesicular eruptions that favour the orolabial and genital regions. The palmar area is involved less commonly.1 Viral lymphangitis can complicate the clinical presentation, as in this case, and it is frequently misdiagnosed as a bacterial infection.1,2 It should be noted that the infection can be transmitted to others through contact with skin vesicles. Recurrent H. simplex needs to be differentiated from other causes of bullous skin lesions: In a fixed drug eruption, one round sharply demarcated erythematous plaque is seen, sometimes with a central blister and violaceous hue. However, previous pharmacological exposure is a prerequisite and was not a feature of this case. Culicosis bullosa are bullous reactions to insect bites. These reactions are common and are often multiple, pruritic, excoriated papules or plaques. Although the cutaneous manifestations could be compatible with an insect bite, the recurrent course and painful lesions make this option improbable. Localised bullous pemphigoid could present as a tense blister with perilesional erythema, but lymphangitis is not a frequent finding.3 Local factors, such as trauma, ultraviolet light or topical therapy, seem to be frequently implicated in the production of lesions.4 The disease has a benign course and generally responds to cessation of exacerbating factors and initiation of topical steroids. H. zoster infection begins with a prodrome of pruritus, hyperaesthesia and intense pain. Most patients develop a painful eruption of grouped vesicles on an erythematous base in a dermatomal distribution. It is rarely recurrent. Bullous erysipelas represents a superficial cellulitis with lymphatic involvement. It is usually caused by group A-haemolytic streptococci. It typically appears as a sharply demarcated, tender area of erythema and oedema with an indurated border. The clinical course may be complicated by the local appearance of bullae. Accompanying signs and symptoms include lymphangitis and chills. The absence of fever and resolution with symptomatic treatment make this an unlikely diagnosis here. Although valaciclovir, famciclovir and aciclovir have all shown high clinical efficacy in the treatment of herpesvirus infections, valaciclovir is preferable for long-term suppressive therapy from a treatment adherence perspective as it requires only daily dosing (500 mg/day).5 Valaciclovir is an oral pro-drug that is converted to aciclovir after administration.1 Chronic suppressive therapy is usually reserved for patients with six or more recurrences per year. In our patient, the acute episode was not treated with valacyclovir but prophylactic treatment was instituted and no recurrence was reported at 1-year follow-up. It was not neccesary to add oral broad spectrum antibiotics in this case because the lymphangitis was due to viral infection.1,2 Detection of herpesvirus DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the best test to confirm the diagnosis. In addition to being the preferred method for identifying H. simplex in cerebrospinal fluid, RT-PCR is increasingly being used as a rapid, sensitive and specific method to detect H. simplex DNA in specimens from the skin and other organs.6 To ensure an adequate sample and avoid false-negative results, the vesicle should be unroofed and the base of the ulcer scraped with a flocked swab in universal transport media (Copan, Italy).7 H. simplex type 1 was isolated from this patient. Tzanck smear test is rarely used now for diagnosis. It reveals multinucleated epithelial giant cells but it does not distinguish between H. simplex and Varicella zoster virus.6 Viral culture was the traditional gold standard for detection of H. simplex and was the reference method against which all other tests were measured. A cell culture positive for H. simplex suggests probable active infection. However, a negative cell culture result does not rule out H. simplex infection, particularly if the specimen is from cerebrospinal fluid or nonvesicular lesions.8 Stained biopsy specimens show intra-epidermal vesiculation associated with balloning degeneration of keratinocytes, which often fuse to form multinucleated giant cells.9 Competing interests: None. Provenance and peer review: Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2014/may/recurrent-palmar-blister

2024-10-03T19:59:40Z

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en

Mastering Siemens PLC Programming: Tips and Tricks for Success Siemens PLC programming is a vital skill for anyone looking to excel in the field of industrial automation. As a leading provider of programmable logic controllers (PLCs), Siemens offers a wide range of devices that are widely used in various industries. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced programmer, mastering Siemens PLC programming can open up new opportunities and help you stay ahead in this rapidly evolving field. In this article, we will explore some tips and tricks that can help you become proficient in Siemens PLC programming. Understanding the Basics of Siemens PLC Programming Before diving into the intricacies of Siemens PLC programming, it is essential to have a solid understanding of the basics. PLCs are electronic devices used to control and automate industrial processes such as manufacturing, assembly lines, and machinery operation. Siemens offers several series of PLCs, including the popular S7-1200 and S7-1500 models. To begin your journey in Siemens PLC programming, familiarize yourself with the hardware components and the software environment provided by Siemens. The hardware consists of modules such as CPUs, input/output (I/O) modules, power supplies, and communication modules. The software side typically involves using tools like STEP 7 or TIA Portal for programming and configuring the PLC. Utilizing Structured Programming Techniques Structured programming techniques play a crucial role in efficient and maintainable code development. When it comes to Siemens PLC programming, adhering to structured programming principles can greatly enhance your productivity and code readability. One widely-used technique is organizing your program into functional blocks or subroutines. By dividing your code into smaller logical units, you can improve code reusability and make troubleshooting easier. Additionally, utilizing structured data types like arrays or user-defined data types (UDTs) can simplify complex data handling tasks. Another essential aspect is following naming conventions for variables, tags, functions, and blocks. Consistent and meaningful names make your code more understandable for yourself and other programmers who may work with your code in the future. Siemens recommends using descriptive names that reflect the purpose or content of the variable. Taking Advantage of Siemens PLC Programming Libraries Siemens provides a comprehensive set of pre-defined libraries that can significantly simplify your programming tasks. These libraries contain ready-to-use functions, function blocks, and data structures that are designed to address common automation challenges. For example, the SIMATIC S7-1200/S7-1500 Libraries include functions for mathematical calculations, data conversions, time handling, and much more. By utilizing these libraries, you can save time and effort by leveraging pre-tested and optimized code segments. Furthermore, Siemens offers industry-specific libraries tailored for different applications such as motion control or safety-related tasks. These dedicated libraries provide advanced functionality specific to particular industries or processes. Continuous Learning and Staying Updated The field of industrial automation is constantly evolving with new technologies and advancements. To master Siemens PLC programming, it is crucial to stay updated with the latest trends, software updates, and best practices. Siemens offers various training programs and certifications that can help you enhance your skills in PLC programming. These programs cover topics ranging from basic programming concepts to advanced techniques like motion control or process optimization. Additionally, joining online forums or communities focused on Siemens PLC programming can provide valuable insights from experienced professionals in the field. Engaging in discussions, sharing knowledge, and seeking guidance from experts can accelerate your learning process. In conclusion, mastering Siemens PLC programming requires a solid foundation in the basics along with structured programming techniques. Leveraging pre-defined libraries provided by Siemens further enhances productivity and efficiency. Continuous learning through training programs and staying updated with industry trends is essential for long-term success in this field. By following these tips and tricks, you will be well-equipped to excel in Siemens PLC programming and unlock new possibilities in industrial automation. This text was generated using a large language model, and select text has been reviewed and moderated for purposes such as readability.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.reference.com/business-finance/mastering-siemens-plc-programming-tips-tricks-success

2024-10-03T20:10:05Z

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Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 28, 2005 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is a longstanding constitutional monarchy with a democratic, parliamentary government. The most recent general election was held in 2001; a number of political parties participated in the election, and it was free and fair. The judiciary is independent. The Home Office is responsible for internal affairs in England and Wales, including the protection and security of the public. The Ministers of the Scottish Executive, who answer to the Scottish Parliament, have policy responsibility for law and order in Scotland. In Northern Ireland, the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) has responsibility for maintaining law and order. Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the security forces. Some members of the security forces committed human rights abuses. The diversified, market-based economy grew by 3.2 percent. Wages, supplemented by generous state benefits, kept pace with low inflation (1.2 percent) for most of the 59.6 million residents. The Government generally respected the human rights of its citizens; although there were some problems, the law and judiciary provide effective means of addressing individual instances of abuse. There were some complaints that individual members of the police and military occasionally abused detainees and other persons. Prison conditions remained a problem, including overcrowding and instances of mistreatment by prison officials. Asylum seekers, women, children, and ethnic minorities faced violence and discrimination, which the Government continued to combat. Trafficking of persons into the country remained a problem, which the Government took steps to address. Although most paramilitary organizations in Northern Ireland continued to maintain a cease-fire, killings and "punishment attacks" continued to occur in some areas under the influence of paramilitary groups. Some republican dissident groups committed acts of violence aimed at disrupting the peace process, particularly a series of arson attacks against commercial establishments at the end of the year. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom From: a. Arbitrary or Unlawful Deprivation of Life There were no politically motivated killings by the Government or its agents. Between January 1 and September 30, 40 persons died while being arrested by police or while in police custody; however, there was no indication that the deaths resulted from police misconduct. On December 8, Parliament's Joint Committee on Human Rights issued its inquiry into deaths in custody, calling for establishment of a cross-departmental expert task force to develop guidelines on how to prevent such deaths. On March 4, the Surrey Police released a "final report" concerning the 1995-2002 deaths by gunshot wounds of four soldiers at the Princess Royal Barracks, Deepcut. The army stated the deaths were suicides. In its report, the Surrey Police recommended that the Ministry of Defense (MOD) consider whether independent oversight could help the army "define and maintain appropriate standards of care for young soldiers." In April, the Government published reports, with some redactions on national security grounds, regarding allegations of government involvement, collusion, or culpability in four killings that took place in Northern Ireland. At the same time, the Government announced that it would hold judicial inquiries into three of the killings. In September, the Government announced that it would also hold a judicial inquiry into the fourth case, the 1989 killing of Pat Finucane. Some political parties and human rights groups have raised concerns that the Government may seek to limit the public scope of the four inquiries to avoid the exposure of potentially embarrassing information, especially in the Finucane case. In November, the Saville Inquiry into the events of "Bloody Sunday" (January 30, 1972) finished collecting testimony and heard closing statements. The Inquiry chairman and the two other judges began drafting their report (see Section 1.e.). The nongovernmental organization (NGO) British Irish Rights Watch (BIRW) reported that paramilitary groups were thought to be responsible for at least four killings in Northern Ireland from January 1 through September 30. There were no reports of politically motivated disappearances. There were no developments in the May 2003 disappearance of Gareth O'Connor. The Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains, established jointly by the UK and Irish governments in 1999 to locate the remains of nine victims killed and secretly buried by the Provisional IRA in the 1970s, did not locate any bodies during the year. c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment The law prohibits such practices; however, there were complaints that individual members of the police occasionally abused detainees. From April to year's end, 1,103 complaints against police were referred to the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC). The IPCC investigated two police officers in Cheshire for allegedly raping a woman at a party and in a police car. The officers were placed on bail while the investigation continued. In Yorkshire, a police officer was suspended from duty while the IPCC investigated allegations that he sexually assaulted a woman, possibly while he was on duty. In both cases, the investigations continued at year's end. Between April 2003 and March, the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland received 4,196 allegations that led to 2,976 complaints of police abuse. Of the complaints, 37 percent concerned oppressive behavior. As of March 31, 2,799 complaint investigations were closed. The Ombudsman made 76 referrals for disciplinary action to the Chief Constable and referred 10 cases to the Director of Public Prosecutions for possible legal action. Surrey police were investigating an alleged gang rape from 10 years ago, and turned over to the army for investigation 172 allegations from anonymous, and sometimes "untested and uncorroborated witness recollection" involving hazing and mistreatment at Deepcut Barracks and other army training facilities. Both loyalist and republican paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland continued to intimidate or carry out killings or "punishment attacks" in areas under paramilitary influence. The attacks often were intended to maintain or extend the control of paramilitary groups in an area. The PNSI reported that, as of November 30, 218 "paramilitary-style attacks" had occurred in Northern Ireland. Of these, 109 were shootings and 109 were beatings. In the past, human rights groups have stated that available statistics underreported the casualties because many victims were too intimidated to report the attacks. Prison conditions generally met international standards; however, instances of mistreatment by prison officials, overcrowding, and suicides occurred. As of July 2, there were 74,700 prisoners in England and Wales, according to the Prison Service. A July report by the Prison Reform Trust (PRT) warned that 91 of 138 prisons in England and Wales suffered from overcrowding. In October, the Chief Inspector of Prisons for Scotland also noted overcrowding was caused by record numbers of prisoners. In October, the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission (NIHRC), an independent, government-funded body, criticized the conditions for female inmates at Mourne House, Maghaberry Prison, as failing to meet minimum "duty of care" standards. The Northern Ireland Prison Service Director General stated that conditions for female inmates improved substantially in June when they were transferred to a new facility; however, an NIHRC investigator said the transfer to the new facility failed "to meet even the basic conditions required" by the Prison Inspectorate. As of September, 70 prisoners in England and Wales committed suicide in jail. The PRT stated that the institutions with the highest number of suicides were generally the most overcrowded. In the prison system, women were held separately from men, juveniles from adults, and pretrial detainees from convicted prisoners. In addition, there were five mother and baby units in prisons in England and Wales, allowing mothers to keep their children with them while incarcerated. The Government permitted independent human rights observers and the media to visit prisons and immigration detention centers. d. Arbitrary Arrest or Detention The law prohibits arbitrary arrest or detention, and the Government generally observed these prohibitions. However, arrests may be made without judicial warrants, particularly in Northern Ireland. When police have reasonable cause to suspect wrongdoing, the law gives authorities broad powers of arrest, detention, and interrogation. In Great Britain, regional police forces (44 in England and Wales and 8 in Scotland) are responsible for maintaining law and order. In Northern Ireland, the PSNI has that responsibility. In some areas of Northern Ireland, because of the continuing threat of violence, army units reinforce the PSNI. There were approximately 12,600 British troops stationed in Northern Ireland, 800 fewer than in 2003. On April 1, the Parliament created the IPCC, replacing the Police Complaints Authority. The IPCC has its own body of civilian investigators with the power to investigate allegations of police misconduct completely separate from the police. The IPCC provides for: Involvement of the complainant in the investigation, openness in disclosing materials to the complainant, effective powers to order disciplinary charges be brought against police officers, and independence of the person carrying out the IPCC investigation. The law allows senior police officers to designate areas where police have exceptional power to stop and search pedestrians and vehicles whenever any uniformed police officer "considers it expedient for the prevention of acts of terrorism." In July, a Home Office report showed that police stopped and searched Blacks and South Asians (a 302 percent increase between the 2001 and 2002 fiscal years) more regularly than Whites. The Government ordered a review of the application of relevant legislation, which was ongoing at year's end. Following an October 2003 British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) documentary that included hidden-camera footage of police officers making explicitly racist statements, 10 officers resigned. The Commission for Racial Equality launched an investigation into racism in the police service. On June 14, the investigators released an interim report, making recommendations about screening of recruits, training for officers, and grievance procedures for affected employees. On December 14, the Morris Inquiry released its findings into allegations of racism within the Metropolitan Police, better known as Scotland Yard. The report concluded, "statistics indicated clear disproportionality in the way black and minority ethnic officers are treated in relation to the management of their conduct. This represents a serious issue of discrimination." Generally, police officers may only arrest persons if they have reasonable grounds for suspecting that someone has committed or is about to commit one or more listed "arrestable offenses." Even if the crime in question is not an arrestable offense, a police officer may arrest a person without a warrant, provided the officer believes the arrest is necessary to prevent damage to property or physical injury. However, the law provides for certain exceptions related to terrorism, particularly in Northern Ireland. The law also provides law enforcement authorities with the power to detain for up to 48 hours without charge individuals suspected of having committed a terrorism-related offense. A court may extend this period for a maximum of 14 days. Detainees are allowed to make telephone calls and have legal representation. The law limits the amount of time that a suspect can be detained without a formal charge and requires that an inspector review the detention at set intervals to ensure that it is necessary and lawful. The Anti-Terrorism, Crime, and Security Act (ATCSA) allows for extended detention of foreigners suspected of being terrorists but who cannot be removed from the country immediately, due to concerns that they will be subjected to torture in their country of origin. Detainees have the right to appeal their certification, and all the detainees are free to leave the country at any time. On December 16, the Law Lords ruled that the ATCSA detention powers violated the European Convention on Human Rights, which has been incorporated into the law. The Government announced that the 11 individuals detained under ATCSA would remain in detention while Parliament and the Government decided how to respond to the ruling. Defendants awaiting trial have a statutory right to bail except when there is a risk that they would flee, commit another offense, or in other limited circumstances. e. Denial of Fair Public Trial The law provides for an independent judiciary, and the Government generally respected this provision in practice. There are several levels of courts. In England and Wales, most criminal cases are heard by Magistrates' Courts, which were managed by locally based committees. Their decisions may be appealed to the Crown Courts, which also hear criminal cases requiring a jury trial, or to the High Courts. Crown Court convictions may be appealed to the Court of Appeal, which may in turn refer cases involving points of law to the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary (the "Law Lords"). The Law Lords, who sit in the House of Lords but are functionally distinct from the legislative body, constitute the country's final court of appeal. The Criminal Cases Review Commission operates as an additional appellate body in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland and considers cases after the judicial appeals process is exhausted, but where there is significant new evidence that casts doubt on the conviction. In Scotland, the High Court of Justiciary acts as a court of first instance for serious crimes such as rape and murder. The High Court also serves as an appellate body. There are 49 Sheriff Courts, which handle lesser crimes. Sheriff Courts have restricted sentencing power but can remit cases to the High Court for disposal if they so choose. District Courts sit in each local authority and handle crimes such as breach of peace, minor assaults, and petty theft. Civil matters can be handled in the first instance by either the Court of Session, which is the supreme civil court in Scotland, or by Sheriff Courts. The Court of Session also serves as the appellate court for civil matters. Decisions by the Court of Session can be appealed to the Law Lords in Westminster. The law allows for jury trials, except in England and Wales when the jury has been intimidated, when "compelling new evidence" arises after a previous acquittal, or when evidence of a defendant's previous misconduct (including previous convictions) is going to be introduced. In Northern Ireland, trials for certain terrorism-related crimes also do not allow juries. Defendants enjoy a presumption of innocence until proven guilty, the right to question witnesses against them, and the right of appeal to successively higher courts. Indigent defendants have the right to free counsel of their choice, with some exceptions. Criminal proceedings must be held in public except those in juvenile court and those involving public decency or security. In a trial under the Official Secrets Act, the judge may order the court closed, but sentencing must be public. There were no reports of political prisoners. f. Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence The law prohibits such actions, and the Government generally respected these prohibitions in practice. Warrants normally were required for a police search of private premises; however, a police officer may enter and search without a warrant "any premises if he or she reasonably suspects a terrorist is to be found there." A case brought by three NGOs – BIRW, Liberty, and the Irish Council for Civil Liberties – before the European Court of Human Rights in 2002, stating that the Government had intercepted their telephone calls to clients in Ireland without a warrant, remained suspended while the plaintiffs continued to argue their case in domestic courts and tribunals. In December, the Investigatory Powers Tribunal ruled that the Government's warrant system for intercepted communications between the United Kingdom and other countries was compatible with the European Convention on Human Rights. g. Excessive Force/Violations of Humanitarian Law in Internal and External Conflicts At year's end, court-marshals were underway for three British officers charged with abuse of Iraqi detainees in May 2003. 2. Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: a. Freedom of Speech and the Press The law provides for freedom of speech and of the press, and the Government generally respected these rights in practice and did not restrict academic freedom. An independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combined to secure freedom of speech and of the press. Unlike in the previous year, there were no reports that police detained journalists under the Official Secrets Act. In October, the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland criticized police searches conducted in 2003 at the home of journalists Liam Clarke and Kathryn Johnston and an office at the Sunday Times newspaper. The Ombudsman described the seizure of materials from the premises as being unlawful. The investigation into the 2001 drive-by shooting of Martin O'Hagan – the only journalist killed in Northern Ireland continued at year's end. The Government did not restrict access to the Internet. b. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association The law provides for freedom of assembly, and the Government generally respected this right in practice. In Northern Ireland, the annual "marching season" posed problems, as residents in some Catholic communities perceived certain parades as threatening and provocative. The law grants responsibility for ruling on "contentious" marches to a Parades Commission, which may not ban marches, but may impose conditions, such as route restrictions. Of the approximately 3,300 notified parades between April 2003 and March, 231 were considered contentious; the Parades Commission imposed restrictions on 162. According to the Parades Commission, the numbers of both contentious parades and restrictions imposed were affected by the notification of a Drumcree return parade virtually every week. On February 19, a high court ruled that the Gloucestershire Police unlawfully detained anti-war demonstrators aboard three buses en route from London to Fairford in July 2003. The court ruled that the police had been entitled to stop the protestors from causing a breach of the peace, but it was unlawful for the police to hold the group on the buses for the return journey to London. On September 15, 10,000 demonstrators gathered outside Parliament to protest the House of Common's efforts to outlaw foxhunting with dogs. Police struck some of the protestors with batons to keep them behind the police line. The Metropolitan Police reported that 17 persons were injured: 16 protestors and 1 police officer. However, 45 persons have filed complaints of police brutality with the IPCC. Of the 1,000 police officers present, the IPCC warned 19 that they were being investigated. At year's end, independent investigators continued their research into this incident on behalf of the IPCC. IPCC investigators continued to interview over 100 witnesses and serve orders on television companies and newspaper photographers in order to obtain visual evidence. The law provides for freedom of association, and the Government generally respected this right in practice. c. Freedom of Religion The law provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respected this right in practice. There were two established churches: The Church of England (Anglican) and the Church of Scotland (Presbyterian). There were no established churches in Wales or Northern Ireland. Two Anglican Archbishops and 24 Bishops receive automatic membership in the House of Lords, while clergy from other faiths are not afforded this privilege. Other than in the House of Lords, membership in a religious group does not confer a political or economic advantage. The Government does not consider the Church of Scientology and the Unification Church as religions for the purpose of visas for ministers of religion or missionaries. In April, the Government dismissed Unification Church leader Reverend Sun Myung Moon's appeal of his exclusion from the country in May 2003. The law requires religious education in publicly maintained schools throughout the country. The shape and content of religious instruction is decided on a local basis and must be nondenominational and refrain from attempting to convert pupils. All parents have the right to withdraw a child from religious education, but the schools must approve this request. In addition, schools in England and Wales have to provide a daily act of collective worship, which may be waived if a school's administration deems it inappropriate for some or all of the students. Under some circumstances, non-Christian worship may be allowed. Teachers' organizations have criticized school prayer and called for an official review of the practice. While the majority of state-supported schools were Protestant or Roman Catholic, there were a number of state-supported Jewish and Muslim schools, as well as two Sikh schools, one Greek Orthodox school, and one Seventh-day Adventist school. The Community Security Trust (CST) recorded 532 anti-Semitic incidents during the year. Among these were 79 assaults, 4 cases of extreme violence, and 53 instances of desecration and damage to property. For example, on August 22, cemetery officials discovered the desecration of approximately 60 gravestones in a Jewish cemetery in Birmingham. Police charged two suspects with racially aggravated criminal damage, racially aggravated public disorder, and causing racially aggravated harassment, alarm, or distress. The number of anti-Semitic incidents in the country rose significantly during the year. Figures from Israel's Global Forum Against Anti-Semitism stated that 310 anti-Semitic incidents occurred in the country during the year, of which 77 were violent, as opposed to 163 anti Semitic incidents in 2003, of which 55 were violent. Most of the incidents occurred near or at synagogues, some of which were set on fire or were targets of attempted arson. The law prohibits offenses aggravated by religious hostility and extends a prohibition against incitement to racial hatred to include cases where the incitement to hatred is directed against groups abroad. On October 19, police charged Abu Hamza al-Masri with 16 criminal offenses, including soliciting or encouraging the murder of Jews, inciting racial hatred, and possessing a document that contained information "of a kind likely to be useful to a person committing or preparing an act of terrorism." At year's end, his trial was ongoing. According to the Forum Against Islamophobia and Racism (FAIR), approximately 85 incidences of Islamophobia occurred between January and November. On May 21, over 30 white "skin heads" attacked and beat 2 Muslim teenagers in West Yorkshire, leaving 1 unconscious, while referring to them in racially derogatory terms. The Islamic community has criticized an increase in stops and searches (see Section 1.d.) and arrests of Muslims under recent anti-terrorism laws, with only a handful of searches actually leading to arrests or convictions. In May, the Muslim Council of Britain reported a fear of the growing trend of "institutionalized Islamophobia," alleging that the Muslim community faces increasing bias from police. In an Islamic Human Rights Commission poll released in December, 80 percent of British Muslims (compared with 45 percent in 2000 and 35 percent in 1999) said they had been discriminated against because of their faith. On December 14, police arrested the leader of the British National Party (BNP) on suspicion of incitement to racial hatred. His arrest was the twelfth following the July broadcast of a BBC documentary entitled Secret Agent in which BNP members were covertly recorded as they called Islam a "vicious, wicked faith" and admitted to their participation in racially motivated crimes. At year's end, the leader remained on police bail. The 1998 Good Friday Agreement aimed to create a lasting settlement to the conflict in Northern Ireland and a society based on consent, power sharing, equality of opportunity, and human rights. However, fear of inter communal violence has, over the years, contributed to a pattern of segregated communities in Northern Ireland. Many Protestant and Catholic families have moved away from mixed-religion or border areas. By November, the police in Northern Ireland reported approximately 111 attacks against both Catholic and Protestant churches, schools, and meeting halls. Such sectarian violence often coincided with heightened tensions during the spring and summer marching season (see Section 2.b.). For a more detailed discussion, see the 2004 International Religious Freedom Report. d. Freedom of Movement Within the Country, Foreign Travel, Emigration, and Repatriation The law provides for these rights, and the Government generally respected them in practice. There is no law prohibiting forced exile; however, the Government did not employ it. The law provides for the granting of asylum or refugee status in accordance with the 1951 U.N. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, and the Government has established a system for providing protection to refugees. In practice, the Government provided protection against refoulement, the return of persons to a country where they feared persecution; however, the Government limited this right for persons from "safe countries of origin." The Government granted refugee status or asylum. The Government cooperated with the office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees and other humanitarian organizations in assisting refugees and asylum seekers. The Government also provided temporary protection to individuals who may not qualify as refugees under the 1951 Convention/1967 Protocol. In 2003, approximately 7,210 persons were not recognized as refugees but were granted permission to remain in the country. The Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc.) Act of 2004 authorizes the Home Secretary to institute a list of safe countries of origin (or safe parts of certain countries) for particular classes of people. This is in addition to the Home Secretary's previously established authority to designate a list of safe countries for all residents therein. The Government considered asylum claims from such individuals as unfounded. The Act also casts doubts on the credibility of applicants who claim asylum in the country after having passed through a safe country of transit. Furthermore, the law permits asylum seekers to be removed to a third country deemed responsible for adjudicating an applicant's claim. Immigration NGOs such as the Refugee Council expressed concerns about these provisions of the law, as well as sections of the law that make it a criminal offense to attempt to enter the country without a passport and replace a two-tier asylum appeals process with a single-tier Asylum and Immigration Tribunal. 3. Respect for Political Rights: The Right of Citizens to Change Their Government The law provides citizens with the right to change their government peacefully, and citizens exercised this right in practice through periodic, free, and fair elections held on the basis of universal suffrage. The Government is formed on the basis of a majority of seats in the House of Commons, which are contested in elections held at least every 5 years; the most recent elections were in 2001. The other chamber of Parliament, the appointed House of Lords, has the power to revise and delay, but not block the implementation of laws. Participation in the political process is open to all persons and parties. All citizens age 18 and older may vote. Other elected bodies such as the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly have control over matters of regional importance, such as education, health, and some economic matters. Foreign affairs and defense continued to be the responsibility of the central government. The small number of remaining overseas territories had an aggregate population of approximately 190,000 persons. They enjoyed varying degrees of self-government based on the UK model, with appointed governors. The Freedom of Information Act of 2000 allows for public access to information held by public authorities in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The Freedom of Information Act (Scotland) of 2002 is expected to provide the same benefits for Scotland when it comes into effect on January 1, 2005. There were 119 women in the 659-seat House of Commons. There were 5 women in the 23-member Cabinet. There was 1 woman among the 12 "Law Lords" (the country's equivalent of the Supreme Court). There were 13 members of minorities in the 659 seat House of Commons and 2 members of minorities in the 23 member Cabinet. There were no minorities among the 12 Law Lords. 4. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights A wide variety of domestic and international human rights groups generally operated without government restriction, investigating and publishing their findings on human rights cases. Government officials were cooperative and responsive to their views. Although there was no autonomous human rights ombudsman, there were three government-instituted bodies that monitored human rights practices in England and Wales: The Commission for Racial Equality, the Disabilities Rights Commission, and the Equal Opportunities Commission. In addition, the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission monitored and reported on human rights developments in Northern Ireland. Finally, Parliament has a Joint Committee on Human Rights. 5. Discrimination, Societal Abuses, and Trafficking in Persons The law prohibits incitement to racial hatred and discrimination on the basis of gender, disability, sexual orientation, race, color, nationality, or national or ethnic origin; however, some groups continued to experience societal discrimination. Violence against women continued to be a problem. According to the Home Office, two women per week died from domestic violence, which accounted for one-quarter of all violent crime. The Home Office's crime statistics for April 2003 through March show 12,319 rapes of women and 26,709 indecent assaults on women. Criminal penalties for rape (including spousal rape), sexual assault, and domestic violence are substantial, and these laws were enforced strictly. The law provides for injunctive relief, personal protection orders, and protective exclusion orders (similar to restraining orders) for women who are victims of violence. The Government provided shelters, counseling, and other assistance for victims of battery or rape and offered free legal aid to battered women who were economically reliant on their abusers. The law makes it a crime to practice Female Genital Mutilation, or to assist another person in its practice, either in the country or in another country. The extent to which the procedure took place was unknown, but NGOs reported that the practice continued in isolated incidents during the year. While prostitution involving consenting adults is not illegal, offenses such as loitering for the purpose of prostitution and maintaining a brothel are prohibited. Organized international gangs continued to traffic women into the country for exploitation in the sex industry (see Section 5, Trafficking). The law also prohibits child sex tourism and allows authorities to prosecute citizens or residents for offenses committed abroad. On June 2, a 66 year-old man was sentenced to 2 years in prison for attempting to incite a male under the age of 16 to commit a sexual act and an act of gross indecency. The man had posted a message on an Internet site indicating he wanted to meet a young Sri Lankan. He then sent sexually explicit messages to an undercover child-protection officer in Sri Lanka who was posing as a 15-year-old boy. Although the man's actions were not an offense under Sri Lankan law, authorities in London determined that he had violated British sex-tourism laws. The law prohibits sexual harassment and provides penalties of up to 5-years' imprisonment for sexual harassment in public or in the workplace. The law provides for equal opportunity for the sexes; however, in practice, women experienced some discrimination. The Department for Trade and Industry's Women and Equality Unit reported that women's hourly earnings were, on average, 82 percent of men's. Of the 22,000 positions in national public bodies, women held 34 percent; they held 9 percent of the seats on the boards of the 100 largest companies on the London Stock Exchange. Women's issues were the responsibility of two Ministers for Women at the Cabinet level. The Government's Equal Opportunities Commission supported women who bring discrimination cases before industrial tribunals and courts and produced guidelines for employers. The Women's National Commission, an independent advisory body representing 300 partner organizations, worked to ensure women's views were taken into account by the Government and heard in public debate. The Government was strongly committed to children's rights and welfare; it amply funded a system of public education and medical care and worked to prevent child abuse. The Government provided free, universal, and compulsory education until age 16 and further free education until age 18 if a student so desires. U.N. Educational, Educational, and Cultural Organization statistics indicated that 100 percent of children of primary school age were enrolled in school, and over 90 percent of children of secondary-school age were enrolled. Child abuse remained a problem. As of March 2003, there were 32,736 children on child protection registers, locally maintained lists of children whom social-services authorities judged to be at continuing risk of significant harm due to neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, or emotional abuse. Several NGOs and charities, the most prominent of which was the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, campaigned for an end to child abuse and neglect. The Minister for Children coordinates government policy concerning children and young persons. In Scotland, the Minister for Education and Young People and the Minister for Communities oversee similar programs designed to protect and provide assistance to minors. The Sexual Offences Act 2003, which entered into force on May 1, criminalizes a greater number of acts related to the sexual abuse of children and strengthened the national sex offenders register, which aims to prevent recidivism among convicted wrongdoers. On October 22, a Lancashire man pled guilty to causing a child to engage in sexual activity. On November 26, a Haverhill man pled guilty to seven offenses under the new law and was sentenced to 3 years' imprisonment. Some children have been subjected to forced labor or trafficked into the country for sexual exploitation (see Section 5, Trafficking). The Armed Forces accept recruits from age 16. NGOs including the Child Soldiers Coalition and Amnesty International have criticized this practice. Trafficking in Persons The law prohibits trafficking in persons; however, trafficking in persons, particularly for sexual exploitation, remained a problem. The law prohibits trafficking in persons for the purposes of prostitution, sexual exploitation, organ harvesting, or forced labor. The Sexual Offenses Act of 2003, which came into force on May 1, criminalizes trafficking offenses by citizens and residents, whether committed in the country or abroad, and carries a maximum sentence of 14 years' imprisonment. The Sexual Offenses Act of 2003 focused on issues of exploitation by coercers, pimps, and traffickers. The penalties for keeping a brothel were increased, and a new range of offenses for causing, inciting, and controlling prostitution for gain were introduced. Separate offenses were also introduced to combat the exploitation of children through prostitution, with severe penalties for causing, inciting, controlling, arranging, or facilitating the prostitution of a child. For the purposes of the Act, the offense can take place anywhere in the world. The Act also criminalizes the buyer, with the new offense of paying for sexual services of a child. The "Reflex" Task Force, which brings together agencies that combat trafficking and migrant smuggling in persons, reported that the authorities have been responsible for 38 disruptions of criminal gangs and 38 convictions for organized immigration crime between April 2003 and March. In the first 6 months of the year, there were 18 disruptions and more than $1,800,000 (1,000,000 pounds) of assets seized. In April, the Court of Appeals, at the Government's request, increased convicted trafficker Luan Plakici's sentence to 23 years' imprisonment for seven counts of kidnapping, procuring, living on immoral earnings, and facilitating the entry of illegal immigrants. In July, Kinsley Ojo, arrested as a result of an investigation into the discovery in September 2001 of the torso of a Nigerian boy in the River Thames, was convicted of trafficking-related offenses and sentenced to 4 years in prison. Police believed the boy was trafficked into the country and then murdered in a ritual killing. On December 22, a court convicted two Albanian men of trafficking two people into and within the country for sexual exploitation. One man was sentenced to 18 years in prison and the other to 9 years' imprisonment. Between March 2003 and February, MAXIM, a government partnership targeting organized immigration crime, staged 60 proactive operations and made 151 arrests. Authorities charged 30 persons as a result of these arrests. The Home Office, which includes the Immigration and Nationality Directorate, had the lead in efforts to combat trafficking. Other Cabinet-level departments include the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Department of Trade and Industry, Department for Education and Skills, the Crown Prosecution Service, and the Department for International Finance and Development. The country is primarily a destination country for trafficking in persons and occasionally a country of transit. There is no comprehensive official estimate of the number of victims of trafficking or the annual number of persons trafficked into the country. The Government received 169 referrals at its specialized shelter project for women trafficked for sexual exploitation between March 2003 and September. Women were trafficked for sexual exploitation from Central and Eastern Europe (primarily Albania, Kosovo, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Russia, and Moldova). Some also came from Thailand and China through "snakehead" gangs criminal groups that operated trafficking rings. West Africa (primarily Nigeria, Liberia, and Sierra Leone) was a source of women and children trafficked to the country. According to police sources, West African children appeared to be brought in primarily to work as domestics. NGO evidence indicated that some West African children might be trafficked through the country to Italy and other European Union countries for sexual exploitation. In one case, the U.S. was a destination county. Many trafficked women worked in the sex industry. However, women, men, and children were also trafficked for labor exploitation in domestic service, agricultural and rural labor, construction, and catering. Trafficking victims were most often subject to debt bondage, the withholding of travel documents, false information about law enforcement and immigration penalties, or threats of violence against them or their families. Physical and sexual violence were employed as well, although less frequently. Organized international gangs were alleged to be responsible for most trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation. The Government reviewed and assessed the victim protection program it initiated in 2003 with the NGO Eaves Housing. As a result of the review, the Government made adjustments in program eligibility criteria and increased funding for the program. Local Social Services authorities and various charities provided services to trafficking victims. Because care and protection were not confined to program facilities, overall efforts in victim protection were difficult to assess. NGOs criticized the Government for not "opting in" on the European Council directive on providing short-term residence permits for victims of trafficking who cooperate with the authorities. The Government did not prosecute victims of trafficking who were violating prostitution or immigration laws; however, they could face repatriation to their country of origin. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office and the Department for International Development distribute anti-trafficking material in countries of origin. Immigration intelligence assets were deployed across Europe on the main routes for illegal migration and trafficking under the Immigration Liaison Officer (ILO) program. The National Criminal Intelligence Service engaged in exchange programs in which its officers aided in preventive anti-trafficking efforts in Central and Eastern Europe. In addition to bilateral international efforts, the Government continued to support regional multilateral efforts in the Balkans through the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe under the OSCE. The Government also funded a communication campaign, in partnership with an NGO, which was intended to increase general public awareness, potential victim awareness, and to give trafficked women access to the resources available to them. Persons with Disabilities The law prohibits discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, education, access to health care, or in the provision of other state services. The law mandates access to buildings for persons with disabilities, and the Government generally enforced these provisions in practice. On October 1, the third part of the Disability Discrimination Act came into force, mandating that all public service providers (except in the transportation sector) make "reasonable adjustments" in order to make their services available to persons with disabilities. This part of the Act also made it illegal for employers with fewer than 15 employees to harass or discriminate against job applicants or employees with disabilities. It has long been illegal for larger employers (except for the armed forces) to do so. The Disability Rights Commission (DRC), an independent organization funded by the Government, worked on behalf of disabled persons to stop discrimination and promote equality of opportunity. The DRC provided a hotline for persons with disabilities and employers, legal advice and support for individuals, and policy advice to the Government. The DRC also has the power to conduct formal investigations, arrange conciliation, require persons to adopt action plans to ensure compliance with the law, and apply for injunctions to prevent acts of unlawful discrimination. The DRC advocated the enactment of additional legislation to extend the right of access for persons with disabilities to public transportation (for example, buses and trains) and to require landlords to make reasonable accommodations for tenants with disabilities. Despite legal prohibitions against racial discrimination, persons of African and Afro-Caribbean, South Asian, or Middle Eastern origin, and Travellers – itinerant populations consisting of Roma, Irish, and other ethnic groups estimated to number 300,000 persons – were occasionally the victims of societal violence and some discrimination. Victim Support, a charity assisting persons affected by crime, received 33,374 referrals for assistance in cases of racially motivated crime between April 2003 and March 31. During the same time period, the Crown Prosecution Service prosecuted 3,616 defendants for racially motivated crimes, a 13 percent increase over the previous year. On March 6 in Peterborough, a gang of 15 persons attacked a man of South Asian origin as he was returning to work. The attackers threw a road sign, stones, and a block of concrete at him and shouted racist statements. When confronted by the victim's coworkers, the gang left the scene and began to attack an Iraqi Kurd with sticks and verbal abuse. Three youths ranging in age from 16 to 19 were convicted of offenses ranging from violent disorder to wounding with intent. On June 12, up to 20 persons attacked a group of 5 Black men outside a pub in Edinburgh. As a result of the attack, all five victims had to be treated at a hospital. According to a police spokesperson, "allegations of an assault were made; but due to the number of people involved and the fact that several of them had been drinking, establishing exactly what had happened was not possible." On September 26 in Coventry, 2 white men punched a Sikh man 30 times while directing racial epithets at him. The victim said it was the seventh time in 10 years that he had been subject to a violent, racially motivated attack. The Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) is an independent, government-funded body that seeks to ensure fair treatment and equal opportunities for national/racial/ethnic minorities. The CRE provided guidelines on anti-discrimination practices, supported persons taking court action, and initiated its own court actions. During the year, the CRE instigated compliance procedures against 52 public bodies (out of a total of 43,000 such organizations) for failing to promote racial equality. Other Societal Abuses and Discrimination The law prohibits discrimination and harassment based on sexual orientation; however, sporadic incidents of homophobic violence were reported. The law encourages judges to impose a greater sentence in assault cases where the victim's sexual orientation is a motive for the hostility, and many local police forces demonstrated an increasing awareness of the problem and trained officers to identify and moderate these attacks. 6. Worker Rights a. The Right of Association The law provides for the right of workers, except those in the armed forces, public sector security services, and police forces, to form and join unions, and workers exercised this right in practice. Almost 30 percent of the workforce was unionized. Coverage was most widespread in the public sector, where 60 percent of workers were unionized. In contrast, 19 percent of private sector workers were unionized. b. The Right to Organize and Bargain Collectively The law allows unions to conduct their activities without interference, and the Government protected this right in practice. Collective bargaining is protected in law and was freely practiced. Under the law, a strike must be confined to workers and their own employers ("secondary boycotts" are illegal), the dispute must be wholly or mainly about employment-related matters (for example, pay and conditions), workers must be properly and secretly balloted before striking (with notice to the employer), and mass picketing is prohibited. Workers freely exercised the right to strike. There are no export-processing zones. c. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor The Government prohibits forced or compulsory labor, including by children; however, there were reports that such practices occurred (see Section 5). d. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment Children under the age of 13 cannot be employed in any capacity. Those under age 16 are not permitted to work in an industrial enterprise, including transportation or street trading; their total work hours are strictly limited and may not interfere with school attendance. They may work as part of an educational course. Independent NGOs claimed that up to 2 million young people of school age in the country were involved in part-time employment. Under current rules, a child age 13 to 16 must apply for a work permit from a local authority and the local authority's Education and Welfare Services have primary responsibility for oversight and enforcement. Several central government ministries have additional regulatory responsibilities: the Department of Trade and Industry, Department for Education and Skills, and the Health and Safety Executive. In February, a government task force published a report entitled, The Regulation of Child Employment, which cited the multi-layered oversight system as leading to patchy enforcement of the law and recommended a more consolidated approach. The report also recommended shifting the responsibility for registration from the individual child to the employer, as there is evidence that many children do not apply for work permits. There were no confirmed reports of violations or prosecutions during the year. In instances reported since 2000, there were successful prosecutions resulting in fines of up to $23,560 (12,400 pounds). There were reports that children were trafficked into the country and forced to work as domestic servants, beggars, pickpockets, drug couriers, or in sweatshops and restaurants (see Section 5). e. Acceptable Conditions of Work The national minimum wage, which ranged from $7.45 to $8.82 (3.00 pounds to 4.85 pounds) depending on the age of the employee, did not provide a decent standard of living for a worker and family; however, other benefits of the welfare state filled the gap, including free universal access to the National Health Service. In October, the law extended the minimum wage to cover homeworkers. Tax authorities have the power to issue compliance orders against employers not paying the minimum wage, but disputes are handled by the Employment Tribunals. The Government aggressively monitored employer efforts to bring pay practices into compliance with minimum wage law. Unions and NGOs were also actively involved in ensuring employees are aware of their rights. The law limits the workweek to 48 hours; however, the regulations do not apply to senior managers and others who can exercise control over their own hours of work. An individual employee may agree through a contract to work overtime. The law stipulates that the health and safety of employees not be placed at risk, and, in practice, it was generally and effectively enforced by the Health and Safety Executive, which could initiate criminal proceedings in appropriate cases. Workers' representatives also actively monitored enforcement of the law. Workers may remove themselves from dangerous work conditions without jeopardy to their continued employment. This is not a UNHCR publication. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States.

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The year of 2008 brought an unforgettable election. From the first female presidential candidate to the first colored male presidential candidate, this election gave a lot to talk about. Although the 2008, elections had many first candidates the one thing that remained the same were the things that were thrown back and forth between opponents and all the dirt that was brought up to the surface about each candidate (Hayden, 7). Through all this Barack Obama demonstrated to be a great rhetorician over and over again. A great example of his success can be demonstrated in his speech A More Perfect Union. In this paper, we are going to analyze Barack Obama's Speech A More Perfect Union. The speech was given in the Constitution Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 18, 2008. The main goal of this speech was to address the statements that were made by Obama's former pastor, Reverend Wright. The statements that were made by Wright expressed his views in racial matters which were not positive, and many found them to be offensive. Reverend Wright had been involved in Obama's life from participating in his wedding to being the one that baptized his daughters. Obama himself even said he considers him part of the family. Due to the fact that Obama associated himself with Wright, people then associated him with the comments that were made. Although he might have lost some voters for this reason, he easily won them back through his speech. When you look at the big picture one can see that, in this speech his main audience is those who are eligible to vote, but if you are to zoom in and take a closer look you can see that his audience is those who were affected in one way or another with what was said by Reverend Wright. Obama used a small anecdote in his speech to demonstrate what he had been through as a child, he used examples 2 which everyone would be able relate to, and historical information to tie in one of his main arguments (Jonathan, 03). Throughout his speech, he made sure that everything related in one way or another and demonstrated the trait of loyalty, which many people admire. Obama opens up his speech with a quote from the preamble of the United States constitution, a document which is of great importance to America and its people. This quote leads the reader to understand that the rest of his speech is also of great importance and seriousness. In addition to this he also chooses to use vocabulary including words such as incendiary or quintessentially which might not be understood by everyone, giving his speech a touch of sophistication. Along with this he also mentions events and people of the past, which might present some difficulties of fully understanding what is being said in the speech to the recent generations who are not familiar with it. The fact that Obama associated himself with Reverend Wright ...

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

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en

Talking Circles are a great starting point. We have all experienced loss. For some of us it has been the loss of a friend or family member who has died because of the Virus and for some of us it has been a loss of connection with friends and family or the familiarity and security of our normal routine. For some of us it has been a loss of reprieve and distance from abusive family members whom we have had to stay in lock down with, or the loss of a predictable meal once a day at school. Being able to express these losses in a safe place will be a key starting point in beginning to restore a sense of understanding, of control and of safety. Circles give teachers, parents and children an opportunity to express these losses so that we can begin to connect with each other again and find our common interest in planning ways to look after each other and heal as we move forward. It is important to do this work before returning to the curriculum of schooling. Children, parents and teachers have all experienced an undermining of their feelings of security. And there still exists fear and uncertainty around the virus and if or how you might infect or be infected by one another. We know that when people are pre-occupied with their basic needs of safety and security, they cannot focus on engaging, problem solving or learning. Google Classrooms, Zoom Meetings and Microsoft Teams among other digital platforms have been used to engage in live ways with children, and whilst these are great ways to communicate from distance, we must remember that for many children and parents, smart phones and digital platforms are not accessible. Poverty, poor network coverage and digital know-how, all have an impact on how accessible these formats of communication are. So bear in mind that if you do choose to do a circle through online platforms before returning to the school room, take note of those children or parents who did not, or were unable to join and make sure you connect with them to ask the same questions, even if this means doing a "socially distanced" circle in the first week of a return to school. And don't forget your teachers, classroom assistants, and support staff. Some Guiding Principles Here are some suggested questions, loosely based on the restorative script which will help guide your discussions. Don't forget to highlight the Circle Agreements for everyone before beginning. There are many variations of these, but as a core set of agreements I like: Stay safe, and take care of each other, LJ LJ Sayers is a restorative practitioner, trainer, mum, partner, mediocre saxophonist and excellent chocolate quality controller. | AuthorLinda Sayers Categories

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.sayerstrainingservices.com/blog/circling-up-for-post-corona-virus-self-care

2024-10-03T20:54:26Z

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en

In the metalmechanics industry, the need to unite pieces such as plates, profiles and bars is very common. Any construction, no matter how simple, requires uniting parts together. As such, specific elements are required to create that union, which we call fixation and adjustment elements. To create a mechanical unit, it is important to choose the fixation and adjustment element that is most suited to the type of parts that will be united or fixed together. Weak or poorly planned elements may damage the whole project. Good planning will also prevent a concentration of tension in the fixed parts. These tensions cause ruptures due to material fatigue. Servimolas creates and develops springs and metallic fixation and adjustment parts that can be rectangular, circular or square-shaped. During the manufacturing process, the product is created taking into account particular limitations, such as the available space for the use of the spring, and projects specifications depending on the customer.

<urn:uuid:84c98011-0cad-4c4c-9972-3e61522faac7>

CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.servimolas.pt/en/products/15/

2024-10-03T20:21:15Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

Ancient trade route shows the value of gold back to 2,500 BCE London (Jun 14) A new study has shed more light on how the value of gold has endured – and changed – since ancient times. Archaeologists at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom have discovered a prehistoric gold trade route between Ireland and southwest England that dates as far back as the Bronze Age, or about 2500 B.C. The route’s existence implies that gold workers in Ireland chose to import the metal from Cornwall despite likely knowing how to extract the material from local deposits – suggesting variations in how the two cultures regarded gold, according to Dr. Chris Standish, the study’s lead author. “This implies gold was leaving the region [of Cornwall] because those who found it felt it was of more value to trade it in for other ‘desirable’ goods – rather than keep it,” he said in a press statement. In Ireland, on the other hand, it was “probable that an ‘exotic’ origin was cherished as a key property of gold and was an important reason behind why it was imported for production,” Dr. Standish noted. The findings support the idea that gold’s value in ancient times was more closely tied to belief systems than to outright economic value, the way it is today. After all, it wasn’t until 1500 B.C. that gold became a standard medium of exchange for international trade. It was another millennium before King Croesus of Lydia ordered the minting of the first gold coins. The ancient Egyptians, for instance, believed gold held spiritual powers associated with the sun, leading them to bury their dead surrounded by golden jewelry and other items. In pre-colonial South America, gold was also regarded as a symbol of rank and divine status: The Incas believed gold was “the sweat of the sun,” while ancient Colombians used powdered gold to cover the skin of a monarch — a practice that may have led to the legends of El Dorado. Similar beliefs may have driven the inhabitants of ancient Ireland to international trade, the University of Southampton study suggests: "Materials originating from distant, unfamiliar, or mythical lands, those located outside the immediate world-view or cosmos of a society, could be charged with mystical and/or supernatural powers. [And] people involved in acquiring these mythically-charged materials, transforming them into artifact form, or controlling their deployment, were inherently linked with … the associated powers." “The results … show that there was no universal value of gold, at least until perhaps the first gold coins started to appear nearly two thousand years later,” said Dr. Alistair Pike, a co-author of the study. “Prehistoric economies were driven by factors more complex than the trade of commodities – belief systems clearly played a major role.” In conducting their study, Dr. Pike and his colleagues used only somewhat less mystical methods. Using gold samples from the National Museum of Ireland’s Bronze Age collection, the researchers employed an advanced technique called laser ablation mass spectrometry to test the gold for isotopes of lead. They compared the composition of these fragments to those of gold deposits from a variety of locations, and after further analysis concluded that the gold in the objects likely originates from Cornwall. Source: Christan Science Monitor

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.silver-phoenix500.com/ancient-trade-route-shows-value-gold-back-2500-bce

2024-10-03T20:09:11Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

AI PowerPoint Template offers a graphic illustration of science and technology concepts. Most diagrams for artificial intelligence presentation illustrate brain images with a human head. But SlideKit presents a creative layout of networking mesh with inspired graphical effects. It sparks like wired networks in a dark blue background score. However, the spotlight effect varies in color density, so its looks infinite universe background that speaks a lot more about artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence Slides carry two text placeholders to add descriptive information, and users can duplicate these placeholders for more details. Teachers and business professionals can use this One Pager slide for Artificial Intelligence Presentations. No. of Slides

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.slidekit.com/artificial-intelligence-presentation-slides/

2024-10-03T20:04:40Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

Rock art surveys 2014 A Society grant is crucial in this project to record Bronze Age rock art. There are two aspects to the research, 1)the discovery of previously unrecorded panels , with an emphasis on confirming or extending the extremes of the current local distribution; 2) confirmation that the gaps in the distribution map locally and regionally are genuine and not due to lack of research or the negative locale is simply less likely to be visited by the usual reporters of chance finds i.e. walkers, forestry workers , farmers etc. In both cases the method is field survey, quartering the chosen area, and if possible visiting at different seasons. From 1) there were a total of forty four previously unrecorded panels discovered. Twelve of those were from a six day field trip in Dumfries and Galloway. All the examples including a ten figure grid reference and description of the finds have been submitted to ‘Discovery and Excavation in Scotland’. Four of the Dumfries and Galloway examples, High Nunton, Dambog and Mill of Senwick 1&2 have extended the distribution on the Borgue peninsula northwards. Laggan 2 was mid way between two previously recorded clusters two miles apart. Two of the marked rocks were visually striking; the motifs on the panel at Urlar 3 have three occuli (a cartouche/grooved enclosure containing two cup marks) which are rare in themselves but the enclosures also have indents between the cup marks creating an even rarer “eyebrow “ effect. Lurgan 17 measures 1.4 x 0.9 metres and bears sixty four cup marks, a large number for the surface area, and one that would be noteworthy on a outcrop, many times it’s size. The most interesting examples of landscapes with no apparent rock art are those immediately adjacent to areas with multiple panels. Of particular interest in the latter category are those areas bordering sites that have multiple examples of marked rocks. One of the most striking examples has proved to be the upland strath above Aberfeldy at Craig Hill/Black Burn which is divided by the Urlar Burn. The north side of the Burn has produced over ninety different panels in recent years whilst the other side, which has similar geology and topology, has none. Five visits since the grant, in combination with previous field trips, have failed to uncover any marked rocks in an area of 7 km2. Glen Cochill/Innercochill (3 km2 ). An area that has multiple rock art sites within a two mile radius to the east, south and west, the appropriate geology for rock art and plentiful evidence of human activity from at least the Bronze Age. There had been a previous report of an example of rock art recorded at the southern end of the Glen but in my opinion, and one I believe would be supported by other rock art researchers, the markings are natural and not man made. Other areas surveyed with negative results are Fin Glen, Glen Clune-Loch Moraig, Glen Ample, Braevall, Knockean, Kippen–Buchlyvie Muir(s), Chapleton. Other areas were also surveyed in this category but as they tended to be smaller or were related to sites that did include rock art they have been omitted. The bulk of the grant was spent on petrol with smaller amounts on accommodation and replacing a broken GPS. As I am unemployed the grant was crucial in allowing me to make a far greater number of field trips than I could normally afford. In closing this report I would like to express my gratitude to the Society.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.socantscot.org/society-funded-research/rock-art-surveys-2014/

2024-10-03T20:16:19Z

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en

Together we inspire one another to love learn respect and forgive, rooted and built up in Christ, so that every member of our school community can develop and flourish; united in mutual respect with a sense of belonging. Intent of the teaching and learning of Computing We teach computing so that our children can analytically solve computational problems, communicate in a digitally literate world and become competent and confident users of information technology. The children in our school can access and communicate in a safe and competent manner using digital technology. We want to start to prepare our pupils, for a world where IT literacy, is increasingly essential in work and life more generally. Implementation of the teaching and learning of Computing Computing is taught on a weekly basis, following the Lancashire Grid for Learning scheme, using Purple Mash as the primary teaching tool. Children are taught to solve a variety of computational based problems, use technology safely and respectfully, write computer programs to solve problems, understand which software can be used and for what purpose and recognise technology outside of school. Early on, children should be given the opportunity to explore different devices and hardware, so that they are familiar with the functionality, as well as some of the subject-specific vocabulary. Computing within the Lancashire grid is intertwined through the different topics, thus, the skills are taught whilst the relevance of the topic learning is maintained for the children. There are computing units within all schemes of the Lancashire grid, examples of which are: computer science, programming, online safety, data handling and creating, managing and manipulating digital content. This continuity means that learning is ongoing throughout the year, building on previous learning both within the same year and year on year. Opportunities to revisit previous learning are abundant and similar themes, set in different contexts, are an advantage of the Lancashire scheme. Purple Mash has lots of apps and resources that fit the Lancashire scheme and the additional ability for children to easily access and save their work, whether at school or home. This means it should be the teacher’s first port of call for planning. It should be used to teach parts of all units, as well as being used for the in-built monitoring and assessment tools. Teachers may feel, however, that they may want to source resources elsewhere for certain elements of the teaching, if they feel that these fit the learning objectives more readily. For this purpose, BBC Bitesize and Oak National Academy are websites that also have suitable resources, others are mentioned within the Lancashire schemes. Additionally, children should be given opportunities to use prevalent programs such as Microsoft Word/PowerPoint/Publisher/Excel and also be taught to use a ‘qwerty’ keyboard. Where appropriate, ‘unplugged’ computing lessons will also be taught to help to underpin the concepts behind what the children are asked to do on computers/devices. Opportunities to use different programs, and for unplugged lessons are suggested in the Lancashire scheme. Computing can also be taught in a cross-curricular way, such as carrying out research in Geography and History lessons, using online Music software or playing maths games such as Times Tables Rock Stars, helping to reinforce key skills. Online safety runs throughout all the schemes, so that it is at the forefront of thinking with any teaching of computing. Children will learn how to stay safe online, how to recognise acceptable and unacceptable behaviour online and understand how to report any concerns or anything inappropriate. This is also reinforced during “Internet Safety Day”, at the beginning of February each year. Staying safe online has taken on extra significance with the recent emergence of blended learning and is something that all staff should be acutely aware of, in line with school policy. Impact of the teaching and learning of Computing Work produced on the school computers or iPads or at home is saved on the individual class areas in Purple Mash. Each individual class also has their own area on the school server where other work, such as that produced in Windows, should be saved. This work can be accessed by all staff and pupils can see each other’s work that is on the server. Work on the server is only accessible to anyone whilst inside the school building. Purple Mash work is available for all teachers to see, but not children. Teachers may choose to share examples of children’s work saved in Purple Mash as examples of good practice. All work can be assessed from these places and monitored accordingly. Assessment of computing is conducted in an on-going and formative way. Children leaving St Joseph’s will have had a thorough and well-rounded education in computing. They will understand that digital literacy skills are important for all aspects of living in the digital age. They will understand that computational thinking will enable them to be able to solve problems, knowing that there may be more than one solution, or that some problems are difficult to solve, building resilience in the process. They will know that they should work online safely and understand their responsibilities whilst working online – particularly with the feelings of others in mind. They should understand, at an age appropriate level, that the internet has malevolent content and know what to do and who to go to, should they ever experience anything they feel unsure of. St Joseph’s pupils will be able to move forward using digital equipment and the associated skills with confidence. Mr P Challoner (Subject Lead)

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.st-josephs.leicester.sch.uk/curriculum/computing/

2024-10-03T19:31:59Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

Physical development has two aspects – ‘gross motor skills’ and ‘fine motor skills’. It underpins children’s development in all other areas. For example, by strengthening their hand and finger movements, children can then hold a pencil effectively and learn to write. Gross motor skills involve large muscle movements (such as walking and even sitting) whereas fine motor skills involve smaller muscles such as grasping and drawing. Generally speaking, gross motor skills need to be developed before fine motor skills but it’s not a linear process. Your child still needs to practise running, climbing and digging, alongside threading, cutting and using cutlery. Get active as a family! Walking, bike riding, swimming, kicking a ball, going to the playground – all great activities for helping your child’s physical development. In a busy place, talk about how we need to move safely to avoid bumping into people. In a confined area, talk about how we need to move with smaller actions when there is less space. Set up an obstacle course in the house or garden and ask your child to negotiate it in different ways. Something as simple as a few sofa cushions, a couple of chairs in a row and a blanket to crawl under ‘commando-style’! Challenge them – ‘Can you move across the room without touching the floor/only on your hands and knees?’ Encourage your child to have a go on different equipment when at the park. Let them take some risks! You can still manage the risk (you wouldn’t let them walk on an obviously crumbling wall) but they could practise balancing on a small kerb between a grassed area and the pavement. You don’t necessarily need special equipment to play games such as basketball (which helps develop coordination skills) - a balled up pair of socks and an empty bin or basket will do! Be creative in making games from items you already have. Short bursts of activity can be just as good as long games. Try playing movement games such as ‘Beans’ whilst waiting to get into school. Encourage cross-body movements - actions that encourage your child to move their left arm or leg to the right and vice versa. Crossing the midline is great for developing coordination and creating links between the right and left sides of the brain. Try clapping games, sorting tasks and painting or drawing on a vertical surface. Remember that moving is fun! As adults, we sometimes forget this. Get jumping on the trampoline with your child or have a running race together. This shows your child the joy of movement and might change your outlook on exercise, too! Use malleable dough! It is great for developing hand and finger muscles and coordination. Try putting on some music and having a ‘Dough Disco’. Prod, squeeze, pinch, poke and squash the dough in time to the beat. Use these words as you do the action. There’s a malleable dough recipe below that is easy and quick to make. If your child is left-handed, make sure you have a pair of left-handed scissors for them to use. Although we will be looking out for a dominant hand, it may be worth letting the us know if you are sure your child is left-handed. Many children have not yet decided at this stage, so don’t worry if your child still uses both from time to time! Don’t be afraid to give your child simple tools to use, such as scissors and blunt knives, under your supervision. If you are worried about your child using different tools, make sure you explain and demonstrate safety rules before hand. Teach your child to use a knife and fork correctly. You could have a pretend meal with malleable dough and encourage your child to practise using their knife and fork in a more playful scenario if they find it difficult at mealtimes. Get in the kitchen and bake. Beating, stirring, rolling out, using cutters, decorating cakes or cookies – all great for physical skills. Bead threading, construction toys and colouring activities are all great for developing hand and finger strength. Your child might also enjoy pencil control activities. These can be similar to mazes or dot to dot activities and are great for quiet time or to keep to hand for waiting times (such as in a restaurant). We can provide you with resources to take home.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.stjohnxxiii.lbhf.sch.uk/physical-development-1/

2024-10-03T19:44:00Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

What is the maximum transmission unit (MTU)? The maximum transmission unit (MTU) is the largest size frame or packet -- in bytes or octets (eight-bit bytes) -- that can be transmitted across a data link. It is most used in reference to packet size on an Ethernet network using the Internet Protocol (IP). MTU and packet fragmentation Each device in a network has a maximum transmission unit size that it can receive and transmit. The MTU of the next receiving device is determined before sending a packet to it. If the packet is too large and the next receiving device cannot accept it, the packet is divided into multiple packets and sent. This is called fragmentation. Fragmentation is bad for performance, as it adds delay and extra data. For best performance, the original sending device's MTU is set as large as possible while still smaller than the MTU of all of the devices in the network between the sender and final receiver. In practice, a transmitting device will not know the MTU of all intermediary devices, but only of the next one in line. As an analogy, think of MTU as the maximum weight that can be shipped as a single package. Imagine a company needs to ship 1 ton of goods to another company. The sending company has a big warehouse with forklifts and trucks and so does the receiving company. Therefore, the entire shipment is put into one large pallet and sent as single shipment, or packet. This is like using a large MTU with all devices supporting it. It is very efficient. Now imagine the sending company needed to send a 1-ton shipment to a small store serviced by only a mail carrier with a small van. If they sent the whole shipment on a single large pallet, at some point the large pallet would need to be broken down and placed in smaller boxes to fit in the van so it can be carried. This is like when a packet of data needs to be fragmented because the sending MTU is too large for one of the intermediary devices. It would be more efficient if the original sender set the MTU appropriately than having it fragmented by an intermediary device. Only IPV4 allows packet fragmentation. If a packet larger than the MTU is sent over IPv4, it will be automatically fragmented unless the do-not-fragment flag is set. IPv6 does not allow fragmentation. If a packet size exceeds the MTU in IPv6, it will be dropped. Types of maximum transmission units The Ethernet frame is on Layer 2 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI).The standard size MTU for Ethernet is 1,500 bytes. This does not include the Ethernet header of 18 or 20 bytes, and is the theoretical maximum amount of data that can be transmitted by the physical link. The MTU of any higher-level protocols must fit within this MTU. The IP protocol is on Layer 3 of the OSI model. The size of the IP MTU packet size can be configured independent of the Ethernet frame size. But because it is carried by Ethernet, it must be smaller than the Ethernet MTU. The IP MTU is the total size of all information that is included with the packet. This includes the header, and the data payload to transmit. The IP and TCP header takes 40 bytes. To return to the package illustration, imagine the most weight that the forklift can move is 1,500 pounds. This includes the weight of the pallet of 40 pounds, so the most weight of cargo that can be sent is 1,460 pounds. If there is an additional intermediary protocol applied during transit, such as GRE, IPsec, PPPoE or SNAP (Subnetwork Access Protocol), it is not included in the MTU of the sender but must be considered during network design to not go over an intermediary device's MTU. For example, imagine an organization set the MTU to the highest value of 1,500 bytes, but it needs to go over a VPN secured by IPsec. IPsec will add some additional data to the packet for the encryption to work, but this pushes the total packet size over 1,500 bytes so the packet needs to be fragmented. Imagine the warehouse in our illustration needed to secure the shipment in a locked container. If the additional weight of the locked container was not taken into account, the total weight of the cargo (data payload), pallet (IP header) and locked container (IPsec) could become higher than the total weight the forklift can support (device MTU). Maximum segment size (MSS) and MTU The maximum segment size (MSS) is the size of the payload in an IP packet. It is, effectively, the most data that senders can transmit without exceeding the MTU. MSS can be calculated by subtracting the header size from the IP MTU. It is on Layer 4 of the OSI model. Jumbo frames and maximum transmission unit Jumbo frames are when the Ethernet MTU is larger than the standard 1,500 bytes. This may be possible on fast Ethernet links, such as with a gigabit LAN, and can be as large as 9,000 bytes. Using jumbo packets can reduce the overhead and increase efficiency of data transmission. Jumbo frame packet size is vendor specific and (certainly) not guaranteed over the internet. So, the use of jumbo frame MTU is usually reserved for dedicated specialized networks such as in a storage area network (SAN). Path maximum transmission unit discovery Path MTU discovery (PMTUD) is the process of finding the MTU of all devices in a network that a packet will traverse. By performing PMTUD each device can be appropriately set to avoid fragmentation and dropped frames due to exceeding the MTU of an intermediary device. The simplest way of performing path MTU discovery is by sending large test packets or pings set to "do not fragment." If they are dropped, then the pings have exceeded the MTU. Decrease the size of the packet until it can traverse the entire path. In Microsoft Windows, organizations can test MTU with the ping command. Use the -f switch to set "do not fragment" and the -l switch followed by the size in bytes of packet to send. For example: ping www.techtarget.com -f -l 1492 Optimizing maximum transmission units There is no single best size for IP MTU, as the devices and protocols in the routing path determine MTU. Therefore, adjusting the endpoint MTU should not be approached casually. Most devices can automatically adjust their MTU based on the type of network they are on. The MTU is optimally set when it is as close to the lowest MTU in the route without going over. If specific constraints are known, then there is value in reducing the MTU. For example, if an organization uses GRE or a VPN, setting an MTU that accounts for the overhead can reduce packet fragmentation. If a specific ISP technology, such as ADSL, imposes additional packet overhead, reducing the endpoint computer MTU to account for it can result in better performance.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/maximum-transmission-unit

2024-10-03T20:48:01Z

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en

How To Avoid The Flu This Winter How you feel can powerfully affect the strength of your immune system and how susceptible you are to infection. Scientists at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have found that negative emotions like depression, anger and fear can significantly weaken your immune response. Volunteers were asked to recall some of their best and worst experiences whilst the researchers monitored their brain activity and their physical signs of emotion. The volunteers were then given a flu jab and then a blood test to monitor the effectiveness of the vaccination 6 months later. The volunteers who showed the most intense negative emotions also produced the fewest antibodies, suggesting that they had lower immunity.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/science-news/how-avoid-flu-winter

2024-10-03T21:03:37Z

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The focus of Project Management discipline is the effective management of project scope, time, resources, and cost while leading a project through its “life cycle”: initiation, planning and design, execution, control and monitoring, and closure. Project management is distinct from program or operations management as it is a temporary endeavor, is undertaken to meet unique goals and results, and is often comprised of people who do not usually work together. Often we focus on project components that we can readily see and measure – the objectives, deliverables, time, and cost – downplaying the human side in project management. In fact, team collaboration, communication, and dynamics are critical in project success. The team can “make or break” a project, and plays a direct (though sometimes not readily measurable) role in all phases of project as well as quality and risk management. Since a project team is often comprised of people who do not usually work together, team members benefit from knowing each other better during or before the project initiation phase. A project leader can facilitate team building activities or organize a team retreat to help team members get to know and connect with each other. Brian Cole Miller (2004) in his book “Quick Team-Building Activities for Busy Managers” provides brief and effective activities to build trust and increase communication among members. During project initiation phase, setting the structure and expectations for clear and consistent communication among team members is a critical step. Similarly, it is important that a project leader sets the tone and models consistent communication to the team by updating them on the “big picture” of project progress, risks, problems, and corrective action plans. The project leader also defines roles, responsibilities, and expectations for each team member. Using the strength- based perspective and defining roles based on members’ individual strengths contributes to project effectiveness. Conflict resolution skills are essential for the project leader and the entire team. It is not a question of “if,” it is a question of “when” a conflict in a team will occur. When acknowledged and resolved effectively, a conflict is not only a natural, it is a desirable event in team development that allows team members to settle in their roles and create positive dynamic. Team performance is driven in a positive direction when each team member receives individual feedback for their performance. Feedback is more effective when it is provided right after performance observation – either negative or positive – and provided consistently, not only on the scheduled appraisal date. Feedback also needs to be measurable and unbiased. While often a project leader is the most competent member to answer technical and process questions, for the sake of team and individual team members development it is healthy to defer some questions back to the team. This enables team members to struggle themselves in finding answers and solutions. That self-gained knowledge and experience will benefit team members much more than a concrete direction and quick answers. A project leader can also coach team members to rely on each other’s expertise in solving problems rather than always relying on leadership. A project leader can help team with maintaining energy and motivation by acknowledging, recognizing, and celebrating milestones of the project. Simply thanking team members for a work well done will go a long way in making team members feel appreciated. The effective management of all project elements brings out a successful project outcome; however the “people’s element” is critical in ultimate project success. The team collaboration, communication, trust and conflict resolution are the driving forces behind such success.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.thepontisgroup.com/2011/08/08/developing-an-effective-project-team/

2024-10-03T19:30:15Z

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en

As the winter breezes start to come, it is understandable that you feel unmotivated and lonely sometimes. Yet, we all should know how to treasure ourselves the most, even in the lowest points. Especially as teenagers, we should optimize our time, and one way to better ourselves is by practicing self-care. If you are wondering what are self-care practices and their suggestions, this article is undoubtedly for you. I. What is self-care? For me, I perceive self-care as simply taking the time to do things that help you live well and improve both your physical health and mental health. When it comes to your mental health, self-care can help you manage stress, lower your risk of illness, and increase your positive energy. It is always a good idea to take time to improve yourself, especially through taking a step back to view the world, or to acknowledge the importance of your living purposes. II. Self-care idea In this section, I will mainly suggest simple ideas that anyone can practice rather than therapy sessions. Just like doing weightlifting to strengthen the muscles, meditation is a way to exercise the brain. When the delta or theta state (brain waves) is slower during the mediation session, the brain will reorganize itself. By doing simple exercises while resting, our memorization tends to improve substantially. In addition, meditation enforces practice concentration at high intensity, thereby improving your productivity and work efficiency many times over. Researchers from John Hopkins University also found that general mindfulness meditation helps reduce psychological symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress-related pain. They have examined the link between meditation and emotional regulation: it's increasingly clear that long-term meditators have an easier time processing negative emotions. Inspirational Books and Movies Inspiration books and movies will prompt us to find new motivations and desires. As we experience the stories about successful people, captivating adventures, and admirable life values through the screens and pages, we are likely to be more excited to pursue our goals - sometimes they are achieving academically valid goals, finding enjoyable jobs, connecting more with families, … Their stories or plots might even lead us to have a new perspective on our problems. For example, we learn that Letting Go is a part of Growing up through Finding Nemo. Following the tragic deaths of his wife and other children in a barracuda attack, Marlin always kept Nemo close to him, always. Marlin had good intentions, but his overprotection prevented Nemo from experiencing life fully, such as making friends and making his own experiences. Due to his "interdependence idea," Marlin almost lost Nemo and had to learn the hard way that, while looking out for Nemo is a good thing, it is also important to learn to let go. Connection with Friends and Family No matter how low your life gets, keep in mind that there is always someone we can rely on - that can be our family members, or our friends. Do not be afraid to seek support from them by telling your stories that upset or disappoint you because sharing is a way to throw away your burden. With the experience I have while dealing with my stressful situation (such as low grades, college application, and relationship problems), talking with my parents and my close friend significantly brings my mood up - and in that way, I regain my motivation and aspire to perfect myself every minute I have. If you know how to share your feelings with loved ones, you will relieve your emotions and feel lighter in stressful situations. This is also a psychological therapy that helps support treatment for people suffering from depression or autism. When you say the things hidden in your heart, you are finding a way out for yourself from negative thoughts. Besides that, you will also receive useful advice and direction from your loved ones when sharing your thoughts during the deadlock moments of your life. Be Kind to Yourself Finally, it is crucial to be kind to yourself. In the hard times, don't try to push yourself too much. It is absolutely normal to have time spent on relaxation, such as getting enough sleep, treating yourself to good meals, taking a long shower, and starting a skincare routine, … Fall in love with the process of becoming the best version of yourself. You don’t have to conquer everything every day, but you can conquer little things throughout your day by staying true to yourself Moreover, remember to focus on positivity, and set your goals and priorities - maybe consider writing a journal daily. Do not be afraid to try new hobbies too and the more time you devote to becoming immersed in your hobby, the more satisfaction and sến of achievement you can get out of it. A Note from the author Just like you guys, I know and have already gone through some heart-breaking experiences (they are indeed inevitable); yet, they are what catalyze your growth. We need to the lowest points to get to higher points. It is okay to spend some time being sad, to be nostalgic, but do not immerse yourself in that time frame for too long. Let's together practice self-care, and learn to treasure ourselves more because YOLO.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.theteenmagazine.com/4-ideas-to-practice-self-care-in-the-cold-winter-months

2024-10-03T21:03:17Z

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FAO: Over 10M Hectares of Forest Lost Annually to Deforestation The Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) has lamented that over 10 million hectares of forests are lost globally on a yearly basis as a result deforestation. In its latest report to mark the International Day of Forests, FAO said approximately 70 million hectares of land are also affected by fires, pointing out the urgent need for countries across the globe to adopt new solutions to address deforestation. FAO said technologies showcasing transformative innovations such as advances in forest monitoring, early warning systems and other vital technical solutions that are being used to help countries halt deforestation and forest degradation. “We are in the midst of a forest data revolution driven by innovation and technology, enabling countries to track and report on their forests more easily and effectively,” said FAO Deputy Director-General Maria Helena Semedo. According to FAO, technological innovation has vastly improved its ability to monitor the world’s forests and offer a robust way to guide actions to protect, restore and sustainably use forests and in particular, can empower Indigenous Peoples who take care of many remote forested areas. The International Day of Forests event saw the launch of Ground, a path breaking new mobile application within FAO’s highly-successful Open Foris initiative, developed in collaboration with Google and benefiting from the increasing availability of satellite imagery. Open Foris already includes SEPAL and Earth Map, which allow users to access and process historical and new satellite data that, thanks to the intuitive ease and big-data capabilities of Google Earth Engine, enable highly granular visualization and statistical analysis of vegetation, climate, water, forests and other datasets that can generate tailored products for local needs both quickly and for free. Some 90 per cent of countries reporting 13.7 billion tonnes of forest emission reductions or enhancements used Open Foris. Open Foris has been used by over 200,000 individuals from 196 countries. “Open Foris Ground was envisioned as a map-based tool that could be used in a variety of contexts with little or no special training. Indigenous people can collect data about their own lands with minimal outside help, on top of high-resolution satellite imagery from Google Earth,” said Google Earth Director Rebecca Moore. “Open Foris Ground enables smallholder farmers and local communities to report data that is important to their livelihoods, from the ground to the cloud. This is the most recent development in our near-decade long partnership with FAO, where among other efforts, we helped countries realize forest-based climate action,” she added. Moore stressed that Ground would help further technological innovation across FAO’s mandate and inaugurate a new multi-year Memorandum of Understanding signed between FAO and Google, adding that the new MoU would deepen the engagement from the MoU signed in 2015, which has catalyzed numerous geospatial solutions enabling FAO Members to dramatically upscale environmental literacy and implement science-based policies in practically real time, not to mention combat locusts. “It is increasingly evident how large a role forests will play in climate actions. That makes transparent and reliable assessments of forest carbon fluxes even more imperative, both to improve knowledge and to unlock results-based finance. The important technological contributions made in the past decade, buoyed by the provision of digital public goods as demonstrated by FAO, Google Earth Engine and many other Open Foris partners, offer grounds for optimism,” FAO added.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2024/03/26/fao-over-10m-hectares-of-forest-lost-annually-to-deforestation/

2024-10-03T20:15:23Z

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Quick tips to help kids develop coping skills - Quick tip 1Ask about their feelings.Ask about their feelings. When kids get upset, gently ask questions like “How are you feeling right now? Where are you feeling it in your body?” Emotions can feel more manageable when kids describe their feelings. Kids who struggle with self-control can react in unpredictable or even explosive ways to everyday things. To manage these feelings, they need to use coping strategies. They often need to be taught these calming strategies. And over time, kids learn to turn to them on their own. One of the most important coping strategies to teach kids is to name their feelings. Strong emotions can be scary for kids and fuel strong reactions. But when kids can talk about how they’re feeling and what’s causing it, their emotions can feel more manageable. Offer words kids can use to describe their feelings, like mad, sad, frustrated, anxious, worried, or embarrassed. If kids struggle with language, they can use a “How am I feeling?” visual chart to identify emotions. Keep in mind that your behavior affects how kids cope, too. Kids need to know that you understand what they’re going through. Responding to kids with empathy takes practice. But it can make a big difference in what kids hear and feel, and how willing they are to keep working on things that are hard.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.understood.org/en/articles/develop-child-coping-skills

2024-10-03T19:24:43Z

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Data acquisition is the sampling of continuous real-world information to generate data that can be manipulated by a device, such as a computer. Acquired data can be displayed, analyzed, and stored. A PC or other device can be used to collect real-world information such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, sound, chemical sensing, heart rate, and thousands of other parameters. The components of data acquisition systems include appropriate sensors, filters, signal conditioning, data acquisition devices, and application software. Ultimately data analysis can only be as good as the input data, so acquisition is responsible for providing high-quality data. The most important concepts of data acquisition have to do with digitizing the data so a device with a processor can use it. For example, in the past you may have read data on a meter with a needle that moves back-and-forth. This is an analog representation of the data. The needle moves smoothly to any position. You may also read data on a digital meter that displays the data as numbers. This is a digital representation of the data, with changes in discrete steps where any step smaller than the resolution of the data acquisition device cannot be represented. Not only is the data digitized in amplitude, but it is also digitized in time. Where the analog meter always shows the current input value, the digital meter does not. The digital meter is updated at a constant rate. It reads the value and displays it, perhaps ten times per second. Although the actual input value may change between readings, the meter does not change. The displayed value only changes when the next reading is made, every 100 milliseconds. All modern data acquisition digitizes the data. The data is digitized in amplitude and time. It is easy to overlook the effect of the time digitizing, but it can be much more important than the amplitude digitizing. Consider an input signal that changes from 0 to 10 Volts in once second. A digital meter with three digits can resolve a change of 10 millivolts. If it updates only 10 times per second it will change one Volt at each sample. This is the equivalent of having only one digit of resolution (or 10% resolution), because the change from one sample to the next is a change of one digit in the most significant or left-most digit. When reading a digital meter this is usually not a problem. When collecting data for analysis this can be a big problem. From the above discussion, it is clear that you need to determine the sample rate of a data acquisition system with care, but how do you choose? For slowly changing signals, like temperature, the only consideration is to provide a new reading so that the data is reasonably up-to-date. If the temperature is read only once per minute, it may not accurately display the temperature of an oven that is heating rapidly. A faster sample rate is necessary. In some applications it is necessary to accurately represent an input waveform. An electrocardiogram, for example, must be reproduced with considerable precision because some of the important things a doctor looks for are small changes in the waveform. To accurately display such a waveform, you can look at the fastest rate-of-change in the signal, expressed in Volts per second. In the example above of the digital meter, the signal changed at one Volt per second (which is much slower than an electrocardiogram). To detect a change as small as 1% of the 10 Volt signal it is necessary to sample 100 times per second. To detect a change of 0.1% of the 10 Volt signal it is necessary to sample 1000 times per second. The electrocardiogram signal changes rapidly in a short time. The standard for electrocardiogram signals is to sample 500 times per second, even though the heart rate is about once per second. In many applications the accurate representation of the waveform is not very important, but representing all frequency components of the signal is important. Without going into the math, the Nyquist theorem states that the sample rate must be at least twice the highest frequency in order to measure all the frequencies present. In fact, if the sample rate is too slow, you not only don’t measure the highest frequency, but lower frequencies are created in the data that didn’t exist in the input signal! The diagram below shows a high frequency “original signal” with a sample rate a little below the frequency of the original signal (shown as red lines). When the red lines are connected to show the signal they represent (green lines), a much lower frequency emerges, the “signal created by aliasing”. In a vibration signal, the frequency of vibration is almost always very important. If the sample rate is so slow that the data shows frequencies that didn’t really exist, the data is completely wrong. Instead of calculating the fastest rate of change in the signal, you determine the highest frequency component that will cause a change. Thus, for some signals, especially vibration, the avoidance of aliasing is the main factor you need to consider for sample rate. An electronic filter can be used to separate wanted signal from noise. Since there is the possibility of frequencies higher than half the sample rate (often due to noise), a filter is almost always used in vibration measurement applications. If the filter is ideal (which it never is) the sample rate must be at least twice the cut-off frequency of the filter, the frequency above which no signal can pass through. Since real filters allow some signals to pass through above the cut-off frequency, the sample rate must be greater than twice the cut-off frequency. It is complicated to figure the necessary frequency, but it is often 4 to 10 times the cut-off frequency, depending upon the filter characteristics. Filters are characterized by the number of “poles” they have. A pole is a mathematical characteristic that comes from the complexity of the filter. A more complex filter has more poles and more closely approaches an ideal filter. You can see from the diagram that a simple one-pole filter is not very good at blocking frequencies above the cut-off frequency. A signal that is time times the cut-off frequency is only attenuated 10 times. This may not be enough to prevent aliasing. Ideal and practical filters Data acquisition software can be simple and straight-forward when sample rates are slow. Polled (or asynchronous) acquisition can be used, in which the application determines when to sample data from the data acquisition device, one sample at-a-time. This does not work with high-speed data, because of the overhead involved in acquiring each sample. Interrupt driven (or synchronous or buffered) acquisition acquires data in blocks, acquiring many samples at once with virtually the same overhead as for one sample in polled acquisition. Interrupt acquisition can give sample rates 10 to 1000 times faster than polled. Also, the time between samples is much more precise. Along with these benefits there is more complexity, whether writing data acquisition software or simply configuring it. The following explains how to configure a data acquisition application that does interrupt driven acquisition. Acquired data can be analog inputs, digital inputs, or counter/timer inputs. Outputs work in a similar fashion. To capture data rapidly and at precisely timed intervals, the low-level data acquisition driver does the work, putting one sample after another into a portion of the memory referred to as a buffer. The application takes the data out of the buffer for analysis, not one sample at-a-time, but in blocks of many samples. In this example there is a device connected to a personal computer (PC). The low-level data acquisition driver talks directly to the hardware, manipulating the registers of a data acquisition device. The driver is written to be small and fast so it can rapidly put data into the buffer. In the application you specify a block size and sample rate. The low-level driver fills the buffer at the specified sample rate. The application must wait until enough data is acquired to fill one block. Then it can process all the data from the entire block. After that it must wait until the next block of data is full before it can process any more data. In interrupt driven data acquisition there are two independent processes, the data acquisition driver reading data and putting it into the buffer, and the application taking data out of the buffer and processing it. Each process has its speed limitation. Typically, the driver can put data into the buffer faster than the application can process it. If the data acquisition device is running at its maximum rate the buffer may eventually fill because the application does not process the blocks of data fast enough. When the buffer fills with unprocessed data there are two options. The application can stop processing and display a warning message, or data in the buffer can be overwritten. It is rarely acceptable to overwrite data, so most data acquisition applications stop when the buffer fills. What the operator of the application sees is that the application runs for a while then stops and says the sample rate is too fast. If the buffer is very large it could take many minutes before the buffer fills and the application stops. To give the operator an indication that the buffer is filling, it is desirable to have an indicator showing the status of the buffer. As the buffer fills with unprocessed data the status moves from 0% to 100% full. Many data acquisition devices have their own data buffers, separate from the buffer in the PC memory discussed above. The data acquisition driver can transfer data from the buffer on the data acquisition device to the buffer in PC memory in blocks. This speeds up the data acquisition into the PC buffer. Having a buffer on the data acquisition device increases the speed for the same reason that the buffer in the PC memory increases the speed. The overhead of processing one sample in the driver is the same for processing many samples. This is especially critical in complex operating systems such as Windows or Linux. When the buffer is in the device the same issues arise as with a buffer in PC memory. The data is processed in blocks, and the buffer can overflow. Typically, the data acquisition driver is activated by interrupts generated by the data acquisition device. If the device has no buffer the PC must be interrupted each time a sample is available. The interrupt causes the processor in the PC to stop what it is doing and execute the driver program. The driver must transfer the data from the data acquisition device to the PC memory buffer and return to allow the PC to resume what it was doing before another interrupt occurs. In Windows this can reliably run up to about 1000 samples per second. If another application is running or if the application does a lot of processing the speed may be limited to much less. If the data acquisition device has a buffer, many samples may be transferred during each interrupt. With a buffer of just 1000 samples a maximum speed of 1,000,000 samples per second is possible (if the device can run that fast), or at slower speeds the application can perform complex processing, or another application can run simultaneously without losing data. In Windows other applications or drivers may run without your knowledge. Having a buffer on the data acquisition device is very valuable when you want to collect fast data at a constant rate. When a small device collects data, the same issues apply. A device worn on your wrist may run an operating system such as Linux, and there may be a section of the device that collects data into a separate buffer. All of this can fit into a tiny device on your wrist. As you can see, although interrupt data acquisition allows much faster sampling rates, there is an inherent delay between the reading of the data and the processing of it. The data appears on the screen or is logged to disk after the delay. In addition, there is a small delay due to the processing in the application. Most drivers and applications work together in such a way that the time reported for the data sample is the actual time that it was acquired, not when it was put into the buffer, and not when it was processed by the application. The following table shows the time delay to fill a block of data and the time delay before the data appears on disk for an application that is logging data to disk. Not included is the delay due to the file buffer, which is set outside the application. This additional delay is not noticeable unless power is lost. Data still in the file buffer (or for that matter, the PC memory buffer) and not yet written to disk is lost during a power outage. The table assumes there is a delay of 0.1 seconds for the application to process the data. Depending upon what the application is configured to do, this could be much larger, perhaps one second or more. Time delay after sampling an input | ||| Sample Rate | Block Size | Buffer Delay | Delay to Disk | (Hz) | (Samples) | (Seconds) | (Seconds) | 10,000 | 10,000 | 1 | 1.1 | 10,000 | 1,000 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 1,000 | 10,000 | 10 | 10.1 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1 | 1.1 | 1,000 | 100 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 100 | 10,000 | 100 | 100.1 | 100 | 1,000 | 10 | 10.1 | 100 | 100 | 1 | 1.1 | For data acquisition devices with their own on-board buffer, the delay is the same as the chart above as long as the size of the buffer is less than the block size of the application. If the device buffer is set smaller than the block size in the application the application will have to wait for the device buffer to fill before it can process any data. Many data acquisition devices can transfer small amounts of data from the device buffer to the PC memory buffer to avoid this problem when sample rates are slow. Be sure that the PC memory buffer is larger than the device buffer or the PC memory buffer could overflow, stopping data acquisition, even when the sample rate is quite slow. When acquiring data from a data acquisition device there is normally a time delay between channels. Most data acquisition devices use a multiplexer to sample one input after the other in sequence. As a result, the channels are not read simultaneously. With some drivers and data acquisition devices the time between channels is spaced evenly throughout the entire sampling interval to give the maximum settling time for the amplifier after switching between channels. With other drivers and data acquisition devices the time between channels is kept to a minimum by scanning through the channels at maximum speed then waiting for the next sample interval. Because the channels are nearly simultaneous this is sometimes called pseudosimultaneous acquisition. When data is logged to a disk it is usually time stamped with the time of acquisition of the first channel. It appears that all the channels were sampled at the same time, which is not true. In fact, the data on the disk is sampled as shown in the following tables. Sample Times, Sample Rate 100 Hz, 4 Channels, Time in ms Evenly Spaced Acquisition | |||| Sample | Channel 1 | Channel 2 | Channel 3 | Channel 4 | 1 | 0 ms | 2.5 ms | 5 ms | 7.5 ms | 2 | 10 ms | 12.5 ms | 15 ms | 17.5 ms | 3 | 20 ms | 22.5 ms | 25 ms | 27.5 ms | Pseudosimultaneous Acquisition | |||| Sample | Channel 1 | Channel 2 | Channel 3 | Channel 4 | 1 | 0 ms | 0.01 ms | 0.02 ms | 0.03 ms | 2 | 10 ms | 10.01 ms | 10.02 ms | 10.03 ms | 3 | 20 ms | 20.01 ms | 20.02 ms | 20.03 ms | This table shows the time delay in the actual acquisition of the data. It does not include the delay due to filling the buffer and processing the data by the application that is described above. In this pseudosimultaneous acquisition example the time between channels is 10 us. The particular data acquisition device determines this. The time is normally determined by the maximum sample rate. A maximum rate of 100,000 samples per second yields a time between samples of 10 us. There are devices that collect multiple channels simultaneously. This is called “simultaneous sample-and-hold” or SSH. These devices capture the analog value of all channels simultaneously, then they digitize the samples one-at-a-time. This eliminates the time skew between channels. In some applications, such as vibration measurement, the time skew is critical and affects the results of the data analysis, so SSH is very important to getting good data. Continuous acquisition of data at rates over 100,000 samples per second can be achieved in Windows software. At these rates data can only be streamed to disk in binary format. If any processing of the data in the application is desired, if the acquisition device is limited in speed, or if data rates above this are desired it is necessary to capture data in a burst. Data acquisition in bursts is always done synchronously so the sample rate is precise. The PC memory buffer is filled with a burst of data while the application is inactive and not using any processor resources. Once the buffer is full the application takes over and processes the data. The acquisition burst may be restarted manually, or in some software it can start again automatically. There is a gap between each burst while the application processes the data during which no data is captured. You must specify ahead of time the number of samples to take in a burst. The maximum number of samples is limited by the amount of memory in the PC. In continuous mode the number of samples is essentially unlimited or is limited to the amount of disk space when logging data to disk. Burst mode acquisition is even faster when the data acquisition device has its own buffer. The rate of acquisition is limited only by the speed of the device and the size of its buffer. Usually, PCs have more memory than data acquisition devices, so more samples can be taken in burst mode into the PC memory, but the speed is slower. Many data acquisition software applications offer a compromise between continuous acquisition and burst acquisition. Streaming to disk moves data very efficiently from the data acquisition device to a disk drive. It is much faster than continuous acquisition because no other processing or display is done. It is slower than burst acquisition, but the amount of data that can be captured is limited by the space available on the disk, rather than in memory. All the inputs discussed up to now have been analog inputs. There are applications where fast switching digital signals need to be counted or the frequency needs to be measured. This is often most conveniently done with a hardware counter/timer. A hardware counter/timer can count 10 million to billions of digital pulses per second. The application software reads the number of pulses counted. This happens at the sample rate specified for inputs. When doing synchronous data acquisition, the pulse count is read into the buffer by the driver, just as with analog inputs. The application software reads data out of the buffer in blocks, just as with analog inputs. The pulse count may be read slowly, for example at 100 samples per second, even though the pulses are counted at a fast rate, for example 1,000,000 pulses per second. In this example each time the pulse count is read (each sample) there will be about 10,000 pulses (0.01 second at 1,000,000 samples per second). If you want to measure the total number of pulses, you should set up the application software to calculate the total number of pulses from all the samples, adding the number from each sample. If you want to measure the frequency, the application software must divide the number of pulses during each sample by the length of the sample interval. You must pay attention to how precisely you want to resolve the frequency by choosing the sample rate compared to the pulse rate. For example, if the sample rate is 1,000 samples per second and the pulses being measured are 10,000 Hz, there are 10 pulses in each sample. The frequency can only be resolved to 10% of 10,000 Hz (resolution of 1,000 Hz) because changes in frequency are discrete. There are either 9 or 10 or 11 pulses in a sample, yielding frequencies of 9,090 Hz, 10,000 Hz, or 11,111 Hz. There are two ways to resolve the frequency to a finer precision: 1) reduce the sample rate so more pulses are measured in each sample, or 2) average the resulting frequency. Either way is equivalent. Reducing the sample frequency to 100 Hz or averaging 10 samples resolves the frequency to 1%, because there are 100 pulses in the sample (case 1) or in the average (case 2). It is more common to use the second method, because other factors may determine the sample frequency, such as the rate at which analog inputs need to be sampled. Noise is unwanted interference that affects the signal and may distort the information. Noise comes from a variety of sources. Some comes from inside a circuit or device, and some comes from outside. Noise gets into a circuit from outside through two fundamentally different ways: Radiated – like an antenna Conducted – on wires Radiated noise travels through the air as radio waves. To couple into a circuit or pass through an enclosure efficiently, the dimensions of the circuit or the hole in the enclosure must be close to one quarter of the wavelength of the noise. Here are wavelengths for various frequencies (in a vacuum): 1 KHz – 190 miles 1 MHz – 1000 feet 1 GHz – 1 foot You can see that for most circuits the radiated noise is mainly a problem above 100 MHz, although AM radio stations (near 1 MHz) can induce significant noise in a circuit. Metal enclosures and shielded cables are effective at reducing radiated noise. Keep in mind that an opening, even a slot, that is at ¼ wavelength is very efficient at letting signals through an enclosure. At frequencies of 1 GHz and above these slots can be hard to avoid. Conducted noise gets into a circuit on wires. These can be the signal wires picking up the measured signal, or they can be the power supply wires. Battery operated devices avoid noise from the power supply wires. In addition to high frequency noise there is power line frequency noise, which is usually 50Hz or 60Hz. Two paths into your system are directly from the power line in power supplies and from coupling between signal wires and the power lines that run throughout most buildings. The conducted noise is reduced by shielding or filtering. Shielding keeps the noise out, and filtering reduces it when all of it can’t be kept out of a circuit. If the signal being measured changes slowly, like temperature, the filter can have a low cut-off frequency. This makes it relatively easy to measure microvolt level signals from thermocouples. Signals such as accelerometers are often measured at 10 KHz, so the filtering cannot reduce as much noise. Reducing noise is a big topic, beyond the scope of this paper. Voler Systems engineers are experts at data acquisition and noise reduction. Analysis can only be as good as the input data. Careful data acquisition is responsible for providing high-quality data. This whitepaper looked at example architecture’s impact on sampling rate. Some other topics covered are common types of noise and techniques that are effective ways to reduce unwanted signals.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.volersystems.com/white-papers/design-tips/122-data-acquisition-basics

2024-10-03T19:50:30Z

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Northern Ireland Weather, climate and geography Weather and climate Best time to visit In general, the weather is similar to the rest of the UK, but Northern Ireland tends to have less sunshine and more rain. The hilly nature of the terrain tends to attract clouds, and westerly winds are common in some areas. Extremes of temperature are rare but conditions can be changeable. In broad terms, however, it has an equable climate – the effects of the Atlantic Gulf Stream have a moderating influence, leading to mild winters and relatively cool summers. The mean annual temperature in Northern Ireland at low-lying altitude is around 9°C. The height of summer draws the largest numbers of tourists, particularly to headline attractions such as Giant’s Causeway, so it can be advisable to come in spring or autumn to make the most of the reduction in visitors. Similar to the rest of the UK, according to season. Waterproofs are advisable throughout the year. If you find yourself lacking any vital wardrobe items on arrival – formal or informal – all key towns and cities are well stocked with clothing outlets, with the larger cities particularly good in terms of picking up high quality outdoor equipment. Camping essentials are also straightforward to come by. Northern Ireland contains some beautiful scenery, from the rugged coastline in the north and northeast to the gentle fruit-growing regions of Armagh. To the west are the Sperrin Mountains and the lakelands of Fermanagh, where the winding River Erne provides excellent fishing. The high moorland plateau of Antrim in the east gives way to the glens further south and to the Drumlin country of County Down; further south still, the Mountains of Mourne stretch down to the sea. The country comprises six historic counties: County Antrim, County Armagh, County Down, County Fermanagh, County Derry/Londonderry and County Tyrone. Northern Ireland is still sometimes spoken about as Ulster, despite the fact that it includes only six of the nine counties that comprised the historic Irish province (the other three are across the border in the Irish Republic). Belfast sits in the east of the country, at the point where the River Lagan reaches the sea. This strategic location, being easily accessible from various parts of the UK mainland, was integral to its heritage as a major shipbuilding destination. The hills around the city, which some claim resemble a sleeping giant, are said to be the inspiration for Jonathan Swift’s classic novel Gulliver’s Travels.

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CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://www.worldtravelguide.net/guides/europe/united-kingdom/northern-ireland/weather-climate-geography/

2024-10-03T20:02:46Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

Research identifies three core dimensions of ،w art regulates emotion. Source: Dan Cristian Pădureț / Pexels. Art helps us deal with our emotions. Expressing yourself, exploring your inner world, and creating so،ing new changes our emotional experiences. Research has explored the ways that art allows us to regulate our emotions. But before I explain what was found about art and emotion regulation, I need to discuss the big findings from the last generation of emotion regulation research. There is rich scientific literature examining two different ways of regulating emotions: expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal. These are not the only ways to regulate emotions. There are many different strategies for influencing our feelings. These are just two common ways of dealing with emotions. Expressive Suppression means not s،wing what you’re feeling. This is what people might describe as “stuffing it down” or “swallowing it.” It effectively ignores emotional responses so they don’t interfere with what you want to do. Cognitive Reappraisal means reinterpreting your situation to try to change ،w you feel. This might mean “looking for silver linings” or “finding the opportunity” in a negative situation. It ،fts your perspective in the ،pes of ،fting your feelings. The well-researched and validated emotion regulation questionnaire asks about these two strategies. Someone w، uses expressive suppression would agree strongly with statements like these: - I keep my emotions to myself. - I control my emotions by not expressing them. Someone w، uses cognitive reappraisal would agree strongly with statements like these: - When I’m faced with a stressful situation, I make myself think about it in a way that helps me stay calm. - I control my emotions by changing the way I think about the situation I’m in. The big takeaway from the last generation of emotion regulation research is that cognitive reappraisal tends to be related to better outcomes than expressive suppression. By that, I mean that people w، use suppression more tend to report more depressed mood, lower self-esteem, lower satisfaction with life, and feeling more distant and less accepted by others. In contrast, people w، use reappraisals more tend to be less depressed, anxious, and stressed. Further, these two emotion regulation styles have different effects on our ،ies. People w، use suppression tend to experience more activation of their sympathetic nervous system during stressful situations. This is the “fight-or-flight” system, and activation can often leave people feeling uncomfortable and keyed up. In contrast, reappraisal does not lead to this sympathetic activation. So not only do these emotion regulation strategies change ،w we feel (e.g., depressed, anxious), but they also affect our physiology, ،entially contributing to health risks or burnout. This is the context in which a team of researchers from London led by Daisy Fancourt developed the emotion regulation strategies for artistic creative activities scale (ERS-ACA). This team wanted to understand the ways in which people use art to regulate their emotions. They did this by reviewing previous research on ،w art can regulate emotions and developing a set of 170 questions. Each question asked about an aspect of emotion regulation in art. Through discussion and evaluation, they reduced this to 45. Then, based on two large-scale studies (one of which recruited almost 48,000 people to take the survey), they identified three core themes. One way people use art to regulate their emotions is through avoiding feelings. People w، use art this way would agree strongly with statements like this: - When I’m making art, I can block out any unwanted t،ughts or feelings. - Art helps me forget about my worries. Another way people use art for emotion regulation is through approa،g feelings. People w، use art this way would agree strongly with statements like this: - Art makes me reflect on my emotions. - When I make art, I can contemplate what is going on in my life with a clear mind. The third way they found that people use art for emotion regulation is through self-development. People w، use art this way would agree strongly with statements like this: - When I make art, I feel more confident in myself. - When I make art, it reaffirms my iden،y. Emotion Regulation Essential Reads All people w، use art to help them deal with their emotions use a mix or combination of these strategies. For example, they might use it both to avoid feelings and for self-development. What’s interesting is ،w these strategies relate to the well-studied expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal strategies. People w، use art to avoid emotions aren’t suppressing their emotions. They’re also not likely to experience the negative effects of suppression. They’re finding a healthy way to step away from their emotions. People w، use art to approach their feelings are more likely to use cognitive reappraisal. The art itself seems to be one way to help reinterpret their experiences. They are likely to see the benefits of the cognitive reappraisal strategy—reduced depression, anxiety, and stress. I lead improv cl،es at a mental health facility, where we often release joy. Source: Alexander Su،rucov / Pexels. Using art for self-development was related to less expressive suppression and more cognitive reappraisal. Using art to help understand w، you are more deeply may both eliminate the need to suppress your emotions and help you reinterpret your experiences and integrate them into your understanding of w، you really are. This may be the most beneficial way that art can affect our emotional lives. It both helps us express ourselves and helps us turn difficult experiences into a part of our own stories. In my current role working at a mental health facility, I regularly lead improv works،ps with individuals w، have experienced trauma. I find that giving people a safe place to be imaginative, playful, and expressive helps to break through the negative emotions people can find themselves stuck in. It also opens up a side of people that is curious and expressive, where they can explore ،ociations within themselves. These cl،es are often a source of joy. The research on using art to deal with our emotions suggests that it can go even deeper and help people more fully process their emotions and understand themselves.

<urn:uuid:2f173006-9eba-417d-9a2b-825d02eec054>

CC-MAIN-2024-42

https://yaramoshavere.ir/art-as-emotion-regulation-psychology-today/

2024-10-03T20:39:50Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253216.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20241003185904-20241003215904-00609.warc.gz

en

What we do Practical solutions for our changing planet Humanity must reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by mid-century to avoid disastrous climate change. The earlier this is achieved, the greater our chance of limiting global temperature rise to near 1.5°C, helping prevent runaway climate change. All emissions that can go to zero must go to zero – as rapidly as possible. Not just from electricity, but also from heat, transport, industry and land-use. We have the tools to do it. CAT’s Zero Carbon Britain research clearly demonstrates that we already have all the technologies we need to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2050 – or even earlier. “Every bit of extra warming makes a difference.” Hans-Otto Pörtner, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Action is required at all levels: individuals, communities, businesses and government. We need people with the skills, knowledge and understanding to make change happen. And we must act now. Inspire, inform, enable CAT’s mission is to inspire, inform and enable humanity to respond to the climate and biodiversity emergency. CAT is an educational charity dedicated to researching and communicating positive solutions for environmental change. We speak to government and campaigners about policies that would help create a zero carbon Britain; we train students in all aspects of sustainability; we help schoolchildren to understand the importance of action on climate change; and we give advice to householders on what they can do in their own homes. Will you help create change? “The decisions we make today are critical in ensuring a safe and sustainable world for everyone, both now and in the future.” Debra Roberts, IPCC We need people like you who care about the world and all those who share it to help make change happen. Will you join us today and become part of the change? Discover some of the ways that CAT has created change across 50 years of inspiring, informing and enabling people to achieve practical solutions for sustainability. Stay in touch If you’d like to work with CAT to create change, or would like to know more about what we do, please get in touch.

<urn:uuid:a639178b-a404-433e-a11f-d54165e9daa9>

CC-MAIN-2024-42

http://abortionrethink.org/index-6.html

2024-10-04T23:12:39Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253338.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20241004230142-20241005020142-00509.warc.gz

en

Consider an assessment you or your collaborative team recently gave in a grade level or course. - What did you do with the results? - What did students do with the results? - How did the students and the teacher(s) learn from the evidence of student learning? All too often the data gathered from scored assessments are recorded in an electronic grade book and forgotten until it is time to generate report cards. After all, the next unit of study is beginning and there is more to teach and learn. Plus, with so many students absent on the day of the assessment, it is impossible to give back the assessments and have students learn from them in a reasonable timeframe. In fact, handing tests back is another problem because too many students would use it as an opportunity to cheat and share the assessments with those who haven’t taken it yet. What is a teacher to do? Such excuses that stop teachers from using assessments for student reflection and goal setting stopped me too. However, once I learned to collaborate with colleagues, analyze data, and use a reflection sheet for continued learning with students, I realized the scope of my missed opportunities. It turns out that assessments provide a rich opportunity to drive future teaching and learning for both teachers and students—not just to generate a grade. But how? What must teachers consider as part of the assessment process to grow the learning of teachers and students? First, how does the assessment design impact reflection and next steps? On our teams, assessments became much more meaningful when we decided to write the learning targets on each assessment. Now we could score the assessments by target and students could better reflect and determine which targets were learned and which were not learned yet. We also had to make sure the design included a balance of lower- and higher-level tasks to match the standard assessed for accurate feedback. Finally, when we scored the assessment questions using points, we put the total points possible on the assessment for communication purposes. We learned that writing +1 or -1 did not provide useful feedback to students unless they knew the total points possible. The design of the assessment impacted the team’s ability to learn from the student work. Proficiency and Feedback What does it mean for a student to be proficient with each standard? What is the evidence of learning required to show proficiency? What does it mean for a student to have exceeding, partial, or minimal understanding? How will feedback be given to students related to their learning of each learning target or standard? Will you use points, a rubric, or a proficiency scale? Consider how a team will clarify the meaning of a standard and what students must do to show proficiency. Data Analysis Protocol Once the assessment is given, how will your team analyze student learning? Will your team use numbers and determine the percentage of students proficient with each target before looking at trends in student learning? Will you sort papers into piles that match your ratings for proficiency, close to proficiency, and far from proficiency? How will you or colleagues on your team learn about student learning and instructional practices through analyzing student data? In both cases, consider first determining what sets the work apart for students showing an advanced or proficient understanding. Once those trends are named, look at the work of students who are close to proficiency to determine what they have as a trend for partial understanding and what is missing. This will help determine a possible targeted intervention as a next step, whether in class or during an intervention time during the school day. Finally, look at the work of students with a minimal understanding and recognize what, if any, trends are in the student work. Determine a possible next step to move students to a partial understanding first on their journey to proficiency and beyond. Plan for Interventions and Extensions Once trends in student work have been revealed, how will you collectively respond to the data? Will you use stations for a class period and have each station be a targeted instructional response? Will you share students among your colleagues across a team and each person take one group of students needing a targeted intervention or extension? Will you commit to a bell-ringer for the first 15 minutes of class or re-engage students in learning using a new instructional practice for a given amount of time and give an exit ticket after two weeks to see if more students have learned? Will you design a quality intervention and share students during a Tier 2 intervention time at your school? Consider your re-engagement plan for continued student learning. Student Reflection and Goal Setting When students get their assessments back after you have graded them, how do they interact with the assessment and articulate which targets have been learned or not learned yet? What structured worksheet is given them with targets and a place for reflection? How does the student determine a plan for continued learning? Work to create a data document for students that allow them to make sense of their work and its evidence of their learning each target. It takes time and a plan to learn from assessments. But the time is well spent when teachers and students alike can identify what has been learned and work to continue the learning in areas not learned yet. How can assessments be used as part of the learning cycle? The answer lies in the design and use of each assessment and the continued learning from feedback to clear criteria. So, back to the original question. What do teachers and students do with assessments once they have been scored? Hopefully not simply record a grade and move on. It’s time to make the minutes spent assessing another learning opportunity for everyone involved.

<urn:uuid:5bb3e8a9-cfa8-4ce5-8aed-eacc7d0fcdf4>

CC-MAIN-2024-42

http://allthingsassessment.info/2019/04/08/learn-from-assessments/

2024-10-05T01:12:39Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253338.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20241004230142-20241005020142-00509.warc.gz

en

Labianca and Brass point out that negative work relationships may be non-reciprocal, and may be a result of loss of trust, friendship, or just dislike; significant social liabilities may result from more extreme negativity, as one or both participants in the relationship avoid one another or change work habits to prevent interactions that would be unpleasant. Although they don't associate relationship "conflict" with negative ties directly, they do point out that there may be negative repercussions to the individuals regardless of the existence of conflict "episodes," because of avoidance behaviors impacting work. This, incidentally, may be related to the "Lovable Fools" article that was summarized on a bunch of sooial network studies sites: it stated that people are more likely to seek out people they like, who may not be competent, in a workplace; which might, of course, also impact work performance at some point. But quoting Negative Ties: While a great deal of research has been conducted on friendship formation, interpersonal attraction, and the evolution of friendships (see Berscheid & Walster, 1978, and Hays, 1988, for reviews), little has been conducted on the formation and development of negative relationships (Wiseman & Duck, 1995). The evolution of negative relationships may be very different from positive relationships. Friendship development is viewed as a gradual process. According to social penetration theory (Altman & Taylor, 1973), friendship development proceeds from superficial interaction in narrow areas of exchange to increasingly deeper interaction in broader areas. Perceptions of the rewards and costs of interacting with a potential friend drive this progression – if you feel that the rewards from a relationship outweigh the costs, you will continue to progress toward closer friendship. However, Wiseman and Duck’s (1995) qualitative work indicates that negative relationship development is a much faster process that tends to lead to the other person being included in coarse-grained categories such as “rival” or “enemy.” By contrast, fine-grained ranking distinctions are created for friends as they move through a relationship progression from casual acquaintances to close friends. Thus, the formation of negative relationships is not the mere opposite of the way that positive relationships form. Not only is there evidence that negative relationships form differently, but there is also evidence that they may have greater power in explaining some socioemotional and task outcomes in organizations than positive relationships. Some of the factors they associate with negative relationships are absenteeism and turnover (lack of organizational attachment), disproportionate impact on job satisfaction (i.e., a negative far outweighs any positives), disproportionate impact on promotion and salary (negative outweighs positives by far at review time).

<urn:uuid:870552c7-8391-44ca-9f7f-123cfdcb02c5>

CC-MAIN-2024-42

http://blogger.ghostweather.com/2005/10/negative-network-ties.html

2024-10-04T23:46:34Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253338.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20241004230142-20241005020142-00509.warc.gz

en

...Törni entered military service in 1938, joining the 4th Independent Jäger Infantry Battalion stationed at Kiviniemi; when the Winter War began in November 1939, his enlistment was extended and his unit confronted invading Soviet troops at Rautu.During the battles at Lake Ladoga, Törni took part in the destruction of the encircled Soviet divisions in Lemetti.His performance during these engagements was noticed by his commanders, and toward the end of the war, he was assigned to officer training where he was commissioned a Vänrikki (2nd lieutenant) in the reserves. After the Winter War, in June 1941, Törni went to Vienna, Austria for seven weeks of training with the Waffen-SS, and returned to Finland in July; as a Finnish officer, the Germans recognized him as an Untersturmführer. Most of Törni's reputation was based on his successful actions in the Continuation War (1941–44) between the Soviet Union and Finland. In 1943 a unit informally named Detachment Törni was created under his command. This was an infantry unit that penetrated deep behind enemy lines and soon enjoyed a reputation on both sides of the front for its combat effectiveness. One of Törni's subordinates was future President of Finland Mauno Koivisto. Koivisto served in a reconnaissance company under Törni's command during the Battle of Ilomantsi, the final Finnish-Soviet engagement of the Continuation War, during July and August 1944. Törni's unit inflicted such heavy casualties on Soviet units that the Soviet Army placed a bounty of 3,000,000 Finnish marks on his head. He was decorated with the Mannerheim Cross on 9 July 1944.The September 1944 Moscow Armistice required the Finnish government to remove German troops from its territory, resulting in the Lapland War; during this period, much of the Finnish Army was demobilized, including Törni, leaving him unemployed in November 1944. Well, there's chapter 1. What is a communist hating Finn supposed to do now? Well, like many men of his age ... In January 1945, he was recruited by a pro-German resistance movement in Finland and left for saboteur training in Germany, with the intention of organizing resistance in case Finland was occupied by the Soviet Union. The training was prematurely ended in March, but as Törni could not secure transportation to Finland, he joined a German unit to fight Soviet troops near Schwerin, Germany. He surrendered to British troops in the last stages of World War II and eventually returned to Finland in June 1945 after escaping a British POW camp in Lübeck, Germany. He was a slippery fella ... and so ends chapter 2. But, he's not done with the communists yet; As his family had been evacuated from Karelia, Törni sought to rejoin them in Helsinki but was arrested by Valpo, the Finnish state police.[ After escaping, he was arrested a second time in April 1946, and tried for treason for having joined the German Army. After a trial from October to November, he received a six-year sentence in January 1947. Imprisoned at the Turku provincial prison, Törni escaped in June, but was recaptured and sent to the Riihimäki State Prison. President Juho Paasikivi granted him a pardon in December 1948. At this point you'd think he'd come to peace with Finlandization ... but no, not his style. The anti-communist game was still afoot; In 1949 Törni, accompanied by his wartime executive officer Holger Pitkänen, traveled to Sweden, crossing the border from Tornio to Haparanda (Haaparanta), where many inhabitants are ethnic Finns. From Haparanda, Törni traveled by railroad to Stockholm where he stayed with Baroness von Essen, who harbored many fugitive Finnish officers following the war. Pitkänen was arrested and repatriated to Finland. Remaining in Sweden, Törni fell in love with a Swedish Finn, Marja Kops, and was soon engaged to be married. Hoping to establish a career before the marriage, Törni traveled under an alias as a Swedish seaman aboard the SS Bolivia, destined for Caracas, Venezuela, where he met one of his Winter War commanders, Finnish colonel Matti Aarnio, who was in exile having settled in Venezuela after the war. From Caracas, Törni hired on to a Swedish cargo ship, the MS Skagen, destined for the United States in 1950. While in the Gulf of Mexico, near Mobile, Alabama, Törni jumped overboard and swam to shore. Now a political refugee, Törni traveled to New York City where he was helped by the Finnish-American community living in Brooklyn's Sunset Park "Finntown". There he worked as a carpenter and cleaner. In 1953, Törni was granted a residence permit through an Act of Congress that was shepherded by the law firm of "Wild Bill" Donovan, former head of the Office of Strategic Services. Like I said ... he was a slippery fella ... and I think you can see where this is headed; Törni joined the US Army in 1954 under the provisions of the Lodge-Philbin Act and adopted the name Larry Thorne. In the US Army, he was befriended by a group of Finnish-American officers who came to be known as "Marttinen's Men" (Marttisen miehet).With their support, Thorne joined the US Army Special Forces. While in the Special Forces, he taught skiing, survival, mountaineering, and guerrilla tactics. In turn he attended airborne school, and advanced in rank; attending Officer Candidate School, he was commissioned as a first lieutenant in the Signal Corps in 1957. He later received a commission and a promotion to captain in 1960. From 1958–1962 he served in the 10th Special Forces Group in West Germany at Bad Tölz, from where he was second-in-command of a search and recovery mission high in the Zagros Mountains of Iran, which gained him a notable reputation. When he was in Germany, he briefly visited his relatives in Finland. In an episode of The Big Picture released in 1962 and composed of footage filmed in 1959, Thorne is shown as a lieutenant with the 10th Special Forces Group in the United States Army. Deploying to South Vietnam in November 1963 to support Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) forces in the Vietnam War, Thorne and Special Forces Detachment A-734 were stationed in the Tịnh Biên District and assigned to operate Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG) encampments at Châu Lăng and later Tịnh Biên. During a fierce attack on the CIDG camp in Tịnh Biên, he received two Purple Hearts and a Bronze Star Medal for valor during the battle. This attack would later be described by author Robin Moore in his book The Green Berets. Thorne's second tour in Vietnam began in February 1965 with 5th Special Forces Group; he then transferred to Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group (MACV–SOG), a classified US special operations unit focusing on unconventional warfare in Vietnam, as a military advisor. On 18 October 1965, as part of the operation Shining Brass, Thorne was supervising the first clandestine mission to locate Viet Cong turnaround points along the Ho Chi Minh trail and destroy them with airstrikes. Two Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) CH-34 helicopters launched from Kham Duc Special Forces Camp and rendezvoused with a United States Air Force Cessna O-1 Bird Dog Forward Air Controller in inclement weather in a mountainous area of Phước Sơn District, Quảng Nam Province, Vietnam, 25 miles (40 km) from Da Nang. While one CH-34 descended through a gap in the weather to drop off the six-man team, the command CH-34 carrying Thorne and the O-1 loitered nearby. When the drop helicopter returned above the cloud cover, both the CH-34 and the O-1 had disappeared. Rescue teams were unable to locate the crash site. Shortly after his disappearance, Thorne was promoted to the rank of major and posthumously awarded the Legion of Merit and Distinguished Flying Cross. After all that ... a helo midair. What a man. We did not forget him ... and neither did his native Finland. In 1999, Thorne's remains were found by a Finnish and Joint Task Force-Full Accounting team[nb 3] and repatriated to the United States following a Hanoi Noi Bai International Airport ceremony that included Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and Ambassador Pete Peterson. Shared grave of Thorne and fellow Vietnam War casualties in Arlington National Cemetery Formally identified in 2003, his remains were buried on 26 June 2003 at Arlington National Cemetery, section 60, tombstone 8136, along with the RVNAF casualties of the mission recovered at the crash site. He was memorialized on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial at Panel 02E, Line 126. He was survived only by his fiancée, Marja Kops, who later remarried. He was 46.

<urn:uuid:634c2728-ef07-46e5-baa0-62d405a932c8>

CC-MAIN-2024-42

http://cdrsalamander.blogspot.com/2020/10/fullbore-friday_16.html

2024-10-05T01:02:10Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253338.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20241004230142-20241005020142-00509.warc.gz

en

Recent research shows that the minima and maxima of pitch accent and tonal contours are often aligned with segmental anchors. This study examines f0 alignment in Washo, an endangered American language. Washo is interesting because, unlike other languages which have been studied, it not only has a vowel length distinction, but also what is known as stress-sensitive quantity alternations : long stressed vowels are followed by a short consonant (V:C), while short stressed vowels are followed by a geminate (VC:) This paper reports the results of an acoustic experiment demonstrating that the anchoring of f0 landmarks in Washo makes reference to anchors at the moraic rather than the segmental level. It is found that H anchors consistently with the second mora of the stressed vowel. L, meanwhile, cannot be anchored to the onset of the stressed vowel without reference to the sonority of segments preceding the tonic vowel.

<urn:uuid:2e49214f-93d7-4de6-90d9-637de6643d58>

CC-MAIN-2024-42

http://icphs2007.de/conference/Papers/1268/index.html

2024-10-04T23:37:07Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-42/segments/1727944253338.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20241004230142-20241005020142-00509.warc.gz

en

Aircraft type, fuel reserves and weather conditions are just some of the key challenges when organising patient evacuations from remote islands. Alastair Lithgow, Fixed Wing Co-ordinator for ER24 shares his fascinating experience and insights Saint Helena, along with islands such as Tristan da Cunha and Ascension Island, is considered one of the most remote islands in the world. It is a volcanic island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 1,950 kilometres west of the mouth of the Cunene River between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa. Medevac missions to Saint Helena require careful planning and assessment of multiple factors, including weather and winds, prior to departure. The most useless runway in the world Saint Helena’s runway was completed in 2015, with the airport opening in May 2016. It has since been the subject of intense scrutiny. A problem of severe wind shear was detected only after the £285m-airport was completed – the airport can, at times, especially during winter, experience crosswinds of over 150 kilometres per hour. The first commercial operator who was approved to begin operations to the island pulled out and soon thereafter the airport was labelled by British media as having the ‘most useless runway in the world’. at night, alternate airports are few and far between There is now, however, a commercial airline flying to Saint Helena twice a week, but there have been several occasions when it had to be cancelled or delayed due to adverse weather conditions. Thus, favourable weather plays a major role in air access to the island. It was against this background that ER24 Global Assist and their aircraft operators Guardian Air launched its first medevac to Saint Helena in 2016. Ultimately, the mission resulted in the safe transfer of a newborn baby boy with respiratory complications to Mediclinic Panorama in Cape Town, South Africa for further medical care. To get to Saint Helena, the flight team has a technical stop in Walvis Bay on the Namibian coast. This stop serves more than one purpose: it is firstly a fuel stop, but also the final checkpoint to determine if the flight is a ‘go’ or ‘no go’ to Saint Helena airport. It is the last point at which we can check weather conditions at Saint Helena’s much talked-about and vilified airport. Winter in Saint Helena, although mild, results in extreme wind conditions especially around the airport. The planning process of any mission we fly to Saint Helena and Ascension Islands is in-depth and complex. It relies heavily on weather data compiled by British Weather Services based in Saint Helena. the airport can, at times, especially during winter, experience crosswinds of over 150 kilometres per hour Unfortunately, not every mission to Saint Helena has gone smoothly. A patient who sustained an intracranial bleed required urgent evacuation, but multiple attempts to land on the island were unsuccessful due to adverse weather conditions. On this particular mission, despite careful planning and weather checks, our crews were unable to land on several attempts over two days. After an unsuccessful attempt to land on the first day, we repositioned to Walvis Bay and attempted to land at Saint Helena the following day. This was again ultimately unsuccessful, and it was only a week later that the weather conditions improved, permitting us to land on the island. The patient was successfully transferred to South Africa. Aircraft selection is equally important in such missions, as there are factors such as ETOPS compliance and island holding time to be considered. ETOPS – Extended Twin Operations – measures the performance of the aircraft when operating far from airfields with little or no alternatives, with fuel reserves considerations also needing to be made. In order for a medevac provider to be approved for offering its services on the island, an exhaustive technical and legal review of the provider’s aircraft’s abilities has to be undertaken. Some of the most complex missions we operate in amidst all of these include the African islands, such as Saint Helena and Mauritius ER24 Global Assist was the third aircraft to land on the island, and one of only two operators in Africa that can legally complete medevac flights to Saint Helena and Ascension Islands. Medevac operations in Africa can be complex at times: missing NOTAMS (Notice to Airmen), faulty airport equipment, unusual operating hours, difficult-to-obtain clearances, war zones and presidential movements can all complicate operations in the continent at any given time of the day or night. Some of the most complex missions we operate in amidst all of these include the African islands, such as Saint Helena and Mauritius. Operations to Saint Helena or any of the African Islands requires careful planning. Many of the islands do not have airports that are open 24 hours a day. This complicates planning to destinations such as Mauritius, particularly at night. Mauritius is located almost 2,600km east of Maputo in the Indian Ocean. This also means transit there is often made difficult by tropical cyclones and storms in the Mozambique Channel, particularly during the summer months. At night, alternate airports are few and far between. This, again, requires a close look at ETOPS considerations, remote area requirements and aircraft selection to ensure sufficient island holding time or the ability to reach very distant alternate airports. If diverted from Mauritius, the closest island airport is on Reunion, which is most often subject to very similar weather as Mauritius. This risk underscores the potential pitfalls crews are faced with when carrying out the planning for these missions, particularly while trying to launch a medevac mission within a time limit or late at night. We certainly have experienced these pitfalls and more, but thanks to our experienced crew and operators, we always find solutions to ensure our missions are completed successfully.

<urn:uuid:777ab39b-3e4e-420f-8e77-5992f58b5b0d>

CC-MAIN-2024-42

http://itij.com/latest/long-read/remote-island-retrievals

2024-10-04T23:51:11Z

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en

Freemasons believe that there are two things required for making lives of both, separate individuals and social groups meaningful: understanding of the world we all live in and inward confidence guiding our practical activities. Lodges should contribute to the process of guidance in values by providing information and joint contemplation practices. The reflection of truth in the light of humanity, fraternity, tolerance, placidity and social justice may provide landmarks needed in hard moments of decision. Avoiding socio-political utopias, Freemasons do not provide a ready made detailed answer on the world order. The concepts of humaneness and tolerance however, enable them to notice danger early and undertake appropriate action. Freemasonry offers a way of life-long development based on strong principles, sense of inclusion and perfection of ones personality. The principles expected of a freemason to guide his actions are tolerance, equality, charity and honour. The Freemason demonstrates these principles by practicing tolerance to others, respecting other peoples opinion, having a great tact in dealing with people, understanding and practicing compassion and attending to the needs of the surrounding society. Through ceremonies making use of tools of stone masons from the Middle Ages, the Freemasons interpret these principles to their younger fellows at the Lodge. Freemasonry accepts diversity of opinion and declines any grading of brothers by the race or political views. At the same time, Freemasons are expected to believe in a Supreme Being, a detailed understanding of which is left at their own discretion. Freemasons promote development of each individual in order to improve the society as a whole.

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The True Object of Worship - Kanjin no Honzon Sho - In April, 1273, Nichiren Daishonin drafted one of his three most important works, "The True Object of Worship." Though addressed specifically to Toki Jonin, the postscript says that the letter was to be shown to other disciples. The note of caution in his instructions warrants some explanation. Very few disciples had the Gohonzon, so that most of them would be merely confused if they were to read the letter. The limited awareness of even the most ardent believers has to be considered as well. Toki Jonin himself once wrote to the Daishonin asking when Bodhisattva Jogyo would appear. Ota Nyudo, sometime after reading "The True Object of Worship," asked if it meant that the Hoben chapter should be omitted from the daily prayers of believers. We can safely conclude that the letter was really intended as a testament to posterity. "The Opening of the Eyes," written one year earlier, reveals the object of worship in terms of the Person. "The True Object of Worship" treats the same subject from the viewpoint of Law. The full title of the original manuscript reads Nyorai Metsugo Go-no-gohyakusai ni Hajimu Kanjin no Honzon Sho. This may be translated as Thesis on the Establishment in the Fifth Half-millennium after the Buddha's Passing of the Object of Worship for Attaining Buddhahood. There are four important elements included in the title: time, the Buddha's teaching, the people's capacity and the Law. A Buddha appears according to the longing of the people, and the "Fifth Half-millennium after the Buddha's Passing" is the time. The Buddha's teaching corresponds to the word "Establishment." Thus, Nichiren Daishonin established the Gohonzon so that the Law could be handed down through the ages without the slightest distortion. The people's capacity is referred to in the words "for Attaining Buddhahood," since, through the teachings of rue Buddhism, people can easily realize the ultimate truth of life, Nam-myoho-renge-kyo. The Law is indicated by "the Object of Worship." Nichiren Daishonin embodied the condition or state he attained as the original Buddha within the object of worship so that people could reach that same condition of enlightenment. The opening paragraphs begin with a long philosophical explanation of ichinen sanzen, the three thousand conditions in a momentary existence of life. The concept was originally taught by T'ien-t'ai and is based on principles expounded in the Lotus Sutra. The Gohonzon bears all three thousand conditions as possessed by Nichiren Daishonin's life. T'ien-t'ai prescribed a practice of meditation as a means to perceive this ultimate principle within one's life. The result is kanjin, which literally means to observe one's own mind. In practice, it means to be enlightened to the true nature of life, i.e., to perceive the entity of ichinen sanzen, or Buddhahood, within. The questions and answers that follow provide a framework within which the Daishonin could explain the significance of the object of worship. The important thing to note is that because we have the Gohonzon, which is a depiction of not just the Ten Worlds, but the entire scope of human life-conditions, kanjin no longer means meditation. By believing in the Gohonzon and chanting to it we are practicing kanjin. That is what Nichiren Daishonin indicated in this Gosho. Ichinen sanzen can be considered a blueprint for the object of worship, so perfect is its elucidation of life. The Lotus Sutra, we may say, presents a detailed account of Shakyamuni's subjective enlightenment. The events depicted in the sutra describe his state of life. The Maka Shikan bears the same relationship to the enlightenment which T'ien-t'ai experienced. In a similar way, the Gohonzon is the embodiment of the Law to which Nichiren Daishonin, as the original Buddha, was enlightened. A discussion of kanjin and of the Ten Worlds follows. The significance of the doctrine of the Ten Worlds, and especially the mutual possession of the Ten Worlds, lies in the assertion that all living beings have the potential for enlightenment. Kanjin, or the perception of this truth, implies that a person requires a perfect mirror of his own being, and that is the function of the object of worship. The questioner feels that the Buddha nature could not possibly exist in ordinary human mortals, and so he maintains that both T'ien-t'ai and Dengyo were mistaken. The fact that he takes this position underscores the difficulties involved in grasping the theory of Buddhism, not to mention the ultimate principle, Nam-myoho-renge-kyo. The path is rendered easy, however, when the Daishonin explains, "Shakyamuni's practices and the virtues he consequently attained are all contained within the single phrase, Myoho-renge-kyo. If we believe in that phrase, we shall naturally be granted the same benefits as he was." Kanjin then amounts to faith in the Gohonzon as a means to see and reveal the dormant condition of enlightenment within each human being's life. An important disclosure about the content of the Gohonzon appears in the section beginning with "The saha world Shakyamuni revealed in the Juryo chapter is the eternal pure land..." This phrase from the Juryo chapter of the Lotus Sutra is analyzed and then, a few sentences later, is rephrased to show not only its meaning, but its relationship to the object of worship. The section that follows sets forth an analysis of the purpose of the Buddha's appearance in this world in what is called the "fivefold view of revelation." (goju sandan). Put simply, the true purpose of a Buddha is termed a teaching of revelation. But this must be proceeded by a teaching of preparation and followed by a teaching of transmission. Here is a summary of the fivefold view of revelation: An important distinction is later made concerning the relevance of the Lotus Sutra. "The essential teaching of the Lotus Sutra and true Buddhism are both pure teachings that lead directly to Buddhahood. However, Shakyamuni's is the Buddhism of the harvest, and this is the Buddhism of sowing. The core of his teaching is one chapter and two halves, and for me it is Myoho-renge-kyo alone." That Shakyamuni's Buddhism is the harvest means that he expounded on his enlightenment as an effect, while the Daishonin's philosophy, Buddhism of the seed, teaches the cause for enlightenment and thus instructs the common mortal in his quest for the ultimate state of life. The Daishonin then cites a portion of the Jinriki chapter of the sutra, which can be considered as having three sections. Most important, however, is the phrase in the third section which suggests the Three Great Secret Laws of Buddhism, the true object of worship, the true invocation and the true high sanctuary. The Jinriki chapter reads, "I have briefly described in this sutra all the laws (i.e., Three Great Secret Laws) of the Buddha, all the invincible mystic powers (i.e., the sanctuary) of the Buddha, all the secret storehouses (i.e., the Gohonzon) of the Buddha, and all the profound practices (i.e., the invocation) of the Buddha." "The True Object of Worship" concludes with a statement, supported by citations from many sources, concerning the time, place and person involved in the establishment of the true object of worship. The fifth half-millennium following Shakyamuni's death is the time predicted. Nichiren Daishonin appeared at the time prophesied and declared, "Now is when the Bodhisattvas of the Earth will appear in this country and establish the supreme object of worship.... They have been waiting for the right time to emerge from the earth and carry out the Lord Buddha's command." Designed by Will Kallander

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- Before 1500 BCE - 1500 BCE to 500 BCE - 500 BCE to 500 CE - Sixth to Tenth Century - Eleventh to Fourteenth Century - Fifteenth Century - Sixteenth Century - Seventeenth Century - Eighteenth Century - Nineteenth Century - Twentieth Century - Twenty-first Century - Geographic Area - Central America - Central and North Asia - East Asia - North America - Northern Europe - South America - South Asia/South East Asia - Southern Europe and Mediterranean - West Asia - Subject, Genre, Media, Artistic Practice - African American/African Diaspora - Ancient Egyptian/Near Eastern Art - Ancient Greek/Roman Art - Architectural History/Urbanism/Historic Preservation - Art Education/Pedagogy/Art Therapy - Art of the Ancient Americas - Artistic Practice/Creativity - Asian American/Asian Diaspora - Ceramics/Metals/Fiber Arts/Glass - Colonial and Modern Latin America - Conceptual Art - Decorative Arts - Design History - Digital Media/New Media/Web-Based Media - Digital Scholarship/History - Drawings/Prints/Work on Paper/Artistc Practice - Fiber Arts and Textiles - Folk Art/Vernacular Art - Graphic/Industrial/Object Design - Indigenous Peoples - Installation/Environmental Art - Islamic Art - Material Culture - Museum Practice/Museum Studies/Curatorial Studies/Arts Administration - Native American/First Nations - Patronage, Art Collecting - Performance Art/Performance Studies/Public Practice - Queer/Gay Art - Sound Art - Visual Studies In the fall of 2013, scholars, artists, collectors, and art aficionados gathered in Washington, DC, for a two-day symposium to consider the role of Africa and its diaspora in the development of art in the United States (available as a webcast). Welcomed by Elizabeth Broun of the Smithsonian American Art Museum and Johnnetta Cole of the National Museum of African Art, the event consisted of two days of panels interspersed with comments from respondents and complemented by the insightful opening remarks of the eminent art historian David Driskell. In short, the seventeen distinct papers reflected the breadth and depth of recent scholarship on the complex practices and experiences that constitute the African diaspora. Sponsored by the Terra Foundation for American Art, the symposium demonstrated the foundation’s increased awareness of the pressing need to further examine the definition of “American” art by looking beyond its European connections. Further, the careful curating of the program evinced a commitment to diversity in every aspect—from the inclusion of senior scholars as well as graduate students to the global scope of the nationality of the presenters and their subjects. It was a far cry from the 2009 symposium organized by the Terra Foundation for American Art that posed provocative questions about American modernism only to myopically consider it as a phenomenon exclusive experienced by Euro-American artists and understood by Euro-American scholars. Yet, as evidenced by many of the provocative topics addressed, there is still much to be learned and understood in order to meet the objective of a more global and consciously decentered art history. Organized around relatively traditional art-historical themes such as nineteenth-century portraiture and the interplay between primitivism and modernism, the program did not hint at the dynamic thinking that informed many of the papers. Though no one scholar examined the multiple meanings of the term “diaspora,” each participant contributed to its understanding as a topic that has deeply impacted the practice and interpretation of visual art and culture. The influence of Kobena Mercer’s radical series, Annotating Art’s Histories, figured prominently, as many scholars explored “the critical role of estrangement and displacement” and the possibilities presented by “counter-appropriation” (Kobena Mercer, “Introduction,” in Exiles, Diasporas, and Strangers, ed., Kobena Mercer, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008, 7). Scholars also drew from Stephanie Smallwood’s influential text, Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora, using it to reveal how the alienating process of transforming persons into commodities continues to shape artistic production and reception (Stephanie E. Smallwood, Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007; for an insightful review, see Sharla Fett, “Review of Smallwood, Stephanie E., Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora,” H-Atlantic, H-Net Reviews [October, 2007]: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=13735; accessed May 16, 2014). It may be useful, however, to look at Steven Nelson’s groundbreaking article “Diaspora: Multiple Practices, Multiple World Views” to further contextualize the myriad artists and ideas addressed during the two-day symposium. Nelson notes that diaspora studies requires scholars to stretch beyond extant histories, employing methodologies and considering “links that transverse national boundaries, either by the invocation of memories (real or imagined) of places of origin (i.e. ‘Mother Africa’) and/or political, cultural, and intellectual links among members of diasporic groups” (Steven Nelson, “Diaspora: Multiple Practices, Multiple World Views,” in A Companion to Contemporary Art Since 1945, ed., Amelia Jones, Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006, 298). His emphasis on the importance of constructing a multivalent worldview and the reminder that “to think about diaspora also is to think about histories of assimilation, acculturation, and hybridity” offers a critical framework for considering the symposium (297). Indeed, though approached through a wide array of concerns ranging from the influence of dancer Féral Benga to the sketchbooks of Cy Twombly, assimilation, acculturation, and hybridity emerged as main themes for the presentations. Though we often think about the experience of assimilation as a painful and forced migration resulting in the obliteration of one’s original cultural practices, it can also refer to a strategic ability to adapt the exterior signs of belonging. Shawn Michelle Smith elucidated how daguerreotypist Augustus Washington worked with his subjects to conflate personal and state agency, enabling African Americans to become African citizens. Her close reads of new senators formally attired and seated with the evidence of legislative work show how critical mimicry can be employed to unify the body politic. Smith argued that Washington’s images of political leaders from the 1850s visualized the self-possession and consciousness of African American subjectivity that was denied in the United States, yet irrefutably interiorized and presented by those who sought to become new citizens of Liberia. Similarly, Anne Lafont revealed the ways in which the adoption of an aesthetic lens could signal social and political change. Looking to Portrait of Yarrow Mamount (1819), Lafont argued that painter Charles Wilson Peale borrowed the aesthetics of Orientalism as a means of recognizing his black subject’s “interior alterity.” Though she carefully traced various literary exchanges and the influence of the French painters of the Convent des Capucines, her argument ignored the fact that occidental fantasy rarely endeavored to establish mutual recognition between subject and viewer. Rather, it maintains and objectifies difference. Contrary to her stated intention, Lafont reified Peale’s representation of Mamount’s personhood as something to be considered by others, but not actually assimilated by the subject. In contrast, Camara Holloway considered the assimilation of an Orientalist gaze as a means of referencing the multiple layers of modern subjectivity as evidenced in the work of photographer F. Holland Day. Holloway argued that from his privileged position as a white male, Day’s juxtaposition of his exterior self with a portrait of his black male model certainly demonstrated his virtuosic photographic skill as well as the objectification and oppression usually associated with his Nubian series. Yet she also noted that for Day the black nude was a representation of his interior self and that his desire to assimilate blackness was a means of negotiating the constitutive parts of his identity, including race, homosexuality, and modernity. Other sessions explored the impact of primitivism, investigating the ways that artists experienced African culture and negotiated the tropes that dominated popular media. For some, the adoption of cultural patterns and aesthetics provided a sort of cosmopolitan exploration of what it means to be modern; for others, such borrowings perpetuated racism and the myths of inferiority employed to justify the atrocities of slavery. Mia Bagneris began her investigation of African tropes in the work of painter Palmer Hayden by referencing poet Countee Cullen’s famous question, “What is African to me?” Unlike Cullen, however, Hayden’s engagement with African subjects was limited to colonialist and artificial constructs, much like those seen in the “voodoo” paintings of Archibald Motley. Following the recent scholarship on Hayden, Bagneris read the painter’s well-known still life Fétiche et Fleur (1926) as a subtle jab at Harlem Renaissance philosopher Alain Locke’s academic pretensions, as if an ancestral connection to Africa could be represented by the mere possession and display of artifacts. Bagneris underscored the ways that Hayden was influenced by the 1932 Exposition Coloniale Internationale, yet her assertion that the artist intended his caricatures of African dancers as a critique warrants further substantiation. Chika Okeke-Agulu offered new insights on the impact of Jacob Lawrence’s visit to Nigeria in 1962 and 1964. Moved by the colors and planes of the Osogbo market, among other experiences, Lawrence’s works gained a new compositional complexity and intense expansion of palette. His discussion of the influence of the Mbari Artists and Writers Club in Ibadan and Mbari-Mbayo Club in Osogbo raised important questions about the cross-cultural potential of these encounters. Audience members were keen to learn if Lawrence had a similar impact on the contemporary artists he encountered? Okeke-Agulu promised further research, echoing Ikem Stanley Okoye’s call for the necessity for scholars of American art to expand their engagement with African art studies. Given that many of the papers considered the syncretic efforts of artists and audiences to retain and build upon memory as a way of making sense of globalization, the concept of a fluid hybridity emerged as a common thread. For many, the ability to select, graft, and generate new forms is central to the diaspora and best represents the conscious multiplicity of transnationalism. Yet, as much as we recognize the possibility of transnationalism, many scholars rightly expressed concern that this term has the potential to perpetuate a disturbing essentialization and dehistorcized outlook that reifies national boundaries. As counterbalance, several scholars reexamined art’s history, calling out the ways in which the politics of identity effect interpretation. Jeffery Stewart troubled the understanding of syncretism or creolization as a sort of celebratory and free-floating borrowing of African motifs as posited by scholars such as Robert Ferris Thompson. Instead, Stewart compared works by Winold Reiss and Romare Bearden, arguing that the identity of the borrower, as well as the layered signification of the form and its subsequent juxtaposition, deeply impacts an understanding of the work. Closely reading works by Reiss such as Hot Chocolates (1929), Stewart acknowledged that the artist’s white privilege allowed him the freedom to visualize urban space as performative, yet his own experience as an exile influenced his awareness of modern oppression and appreciation of creative black subjectivity. Contrasting this with Bearden’s collages from the 1960s, Stewart noted a distinct difference in the grounding of the figures, arguing that the stasis and shifts in scale that mark Bearden’s juxtapositions communicate the weight of dislocation, ruptures, and reconstitutions experienced through slavery. For Stewart, Bearden in particular moved from representing a transnational synthesis of different cultures to addressing a more specific trans-African condition of the experience of exile and forced relation with other cultures—what Smallwood calls “anomalous intimacies.” Such an interpretation broadens an awareness of what constitutes a collective identity, recognizing the diversity inherent within the visualization of black modern subjectivity. Like Stewart, Krista Thompson provided new interpretations, interrogating and offering possible corrections to art history’s myopia toward the work of conceptual artist Tom Lloyd. Drawing from the framing strategies employed by performance artist Lorraine O’Grady, Thompson proposed a radically fictitious imagining of the impact of Lloyd’s work and activism. Initially, her presentation detailed the artist’s innovative use of light as a creative medium, fabricating international support and recognition. Thompson imagined “the unrecoverable past,” replete with artist’s renderings of large-scale installations, not only accomplishing the important work of reclamation, but also increasing critical awareness of the problematic rationale for such historical lacunae. Her “reveal” that Lloyd in fact was not included in the Museum of Modern Art’s groundbreaking 1972 exhibition Lights and Movement and was not invited to create work for the facade of the National Gallery in Edinburgh underscores the fact that though his conceptual methods were on par with peers such as Dan Flavin and Robert Smithson, Lloyd’s contributions did not become part of the canon of American art. Rather, reception of his work was mitigated by the charged racial politics of the 1960s and 1970s, which established long-lasting constraints on what subject matter and which aesthetics could be employed by black artists. As Thompson noted, during this period black art was expected to manifest the political nature of the struggles of the Civil Rights Movement and embody representational and African aesthetics. In contrast, Lloyd’s abstract, non-objective light sculptures were viewed as apolitical and dismissed. Though Thompson launched the symposium with her thoughtful query of how being perceived as an artist of the African diaspora effects visibility, in effect it also served as a provocative coda. Overall, the symposium presented new research and critical methodologies that could alter and expand American art history if it shifts from seeing the African diaspora as an external circumstance and comes to embrace it as an ongoing internalization. To that end, and recalling Stuart Hall’s prescient statement that “identity embeds itself not in the past, but rather in the present and future,” we are reminded that by reexamining the past we can better imagine the future, seeking a more inclusive, conscious, and engaging practice (Stuart Hall, “Cultural Identity and Diaspora,” in Identity, Community, Culture, Difference, ed., Jonathan Rutherford, London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1990, 223). Further, keeping in mind the sponsorship of the Terra Foundation for American Art, the symposium provided a cross-cultural dialogue on American art, highlighting the necessity of such opportunities to engage and explore the art of the African diaspora. Amy M. Mooney Associate Professor, Art and Design Department, Columbia College, Chicago

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- Discuss with your counselor the importance of signs, signals, and codes, and why people need these different methods of communication. Briefly discuss the history and development of signs, signals, and codes. - Explain the importance of signaling in emergency communications. Discuss with your counselor the types of emergency or distress signals one might use to attract airborne search-and-rescue personnel if lost in the outdoors or trying to summon assistance during a disaster. Illustrate these signaling examples by the use of photos or drawings. - Do the following: - Describe what Morse code is and the various means by which it can be sent. Spell your first name using Morse code. Send or receive a message of six to 10 words using Morse code. - Describe what American Sign Language (ASL) is and how it is used today. Spell your first name using American Sign Language. Send or receive a message of six to 10 words using ASL. - Give your counselor a brief explanation about semaphore, why it is used, how it is used, and where it is used. Explain the difference between semaphore flags and nautical flags. Then do the following: - Spell your first name using semaphore. Send or receive a message of six to 10 words using semaphore. - Using illustrations or photographs, identify 10 examples of nautical flags and discuss their importance. - Explain the braille reading technique and how it helps individuals with sight impairment to communicate. Then do the following: - Either by sight or by touch, identify the letters of the braille alphabet that spell your name. By sight or touch, decode a braille message at least six words long. - Create a message in braille at least six words long, and share this with your counselor. - Do the following: - Describe to your counselor six sound-only signals that are in use today. Discuss the pros and cons of using sound signals versus other types of signals. - Demonstrate to your counselor six different silent Scout signals. Use these Scout signals to direct the movements and actions of your patrol or troop. - On a Scout outing, lay out a trail for your patrol or troop to follow. Cover at least one mile in distance and use at least six different trail signs and markers. After the Scouts have completed the trail, follow no-trace principles by replacing or returning trail markers to their original locations. - For THREE of the following activities, demonstrate five signals each. Tell what the signals mean and why they are used: - Sports official's hand signs/signals - Heavy-equipment operator's hand signals - Aircraft carrier catapult crew signals - Cyclist's hand signals - An activity selected by you and your counselor - Share with your counselor 10 examples of symbols used in everyday life. Design your own symbol. Share it with your counselor and explain what it means. Then do the following: - Show examples of 10 traffic signs and explain their meaning. - Using a topographical map, explain what a map legend is and discuss its importance. Point out 10 map symbols and explain the meaning of each. - Discuss text-message symbols and why they are commonly used. Give examples of your favorite 10 text symbols or emoticons. Then see if your counselor or parent can identify the meaning or usage of each symbol. - Briefly discuss the history of secret code writing (cryptography). Make up your own secret code and write a message of up to 25 words using this code. Share the message with a friend or fellow Scout. Then share the message and code key with your counselor and discuss the effectiveness of your code. BSA Advancement ID#: Requirements last updated in: Pamphlet Publication Number: Pamphlet Stock (SKU) Number: Pamphlet Revision Date: Page updated on: May 08, 2022

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Moses with the Ten Commandments, Rembrandt, 1659 Over the last year, laws (especially state laws) have affected our lives more than ever. Suddenly there are rules about where and when we have to cover our faces, where we can travel, how many people we can see. At the same time, the extraordinary success of laws and restrictions in Australia for keeping us safe and healthy has demonstrated that laws can be a way of relieving us from a burden, not necessarily placing one upon us. Old Testament law is not a popular part of the Bible. Yet, on the third Sunday in Lent, according to the lectionary, the ten commandments are assigned as the Old Testament reading. And alongside the ten commandments, a wonderful psalm is placed: ‚Äúthe Law of the Lord is perfect, reviving the soul; the decrees of the Lord are sure, making wise the simple‚ÄĚ (Psalm 19:7). The purpose of the law for Israel was not as a burden: but rather as a means of keeping Israel safe and healthy as a community, especially in the way they related to God and to the vulnerable in their midst. That the laws were for overall moral formation, rather than being a set of legal rules, is demonstrated by how unenforceable many of them are: when adultery and stealing are already legislated against, how can the command ‚Äúdo not covet‚ÄĚ be enforced? When we read Biblical law today, it is important to remember that these laws were written for a particular context. Even within the Old Testament, laws were updated and reinterpreted for new situations in which Israel found herself, for example, instructions for worship needed to change when in exile in a foreign land without a temple. At the same time, there are many principles that transcend context, and remained relevant throughout Israel‚Äôs history and for the church today. Self-denial is about as popular as Old Testament law these days, despite how important self-denial has been in containing and avoiding infection during the pandemic. In a similar way, so much of Biblical law is oriented towards individuals acting in self-denying ways for the health of the whole community and the strangers among them. Alongside well-known commands for worshipping God alone, this included forgiving debts, not charging interest, providing for the poor and for strangers, forbidding exploitative sexual relations or those that betrayed another. Desires for wealth, property and people are regulated in exchange for a fullness of life for the whole community. This lent, while reflecting on self-denial, on the teaching of Jesus Christ and God‚Äôs law, may we catch a glimpse of the joy of the Psalmist who relishes in health of the whole community, ‚Äúthe Law of the Lord is perfect, reviving the soul.‚ÄĚ ¬ť∂ĻUS is a college of the University of Divinity. University of Divinity CRICOS Code: 01037A University of Divinity TEQSA Provider ID: PRV12135

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Back Bowl: A bowl that comes to rest beyond the Jack. Backhand Draw: When the bowl is aimed to the left of the Jack, and curves to the right (for left handed bowlers) Bank: A defined area beyond the ditch is called the bank. The face of the bank rises higher than the level of the green and facilitates markers that indicate the centre and side lines of each rink. Be Up: Instruction from Skip to bowl longer (don't be short of Jack). Bias: Weighted offset to make the bowl curve. The bias side of the bowl is noted by the smaller button. Bias is correct when the bowl curves towards the Jack. Blocker: A bowl that blocks someone (usually an opponent) from reaching the desired target. Bowls: Bowls are available in a choice of sizes and weights. Refer Bowls Size & Weight Chart. The interesting feature about bowls is that they are not exactly symmetrical — one side is more rounded than the other, causing the bowl to curve to one side as it slows down. This is referred to as the "bias" of the bowl. The object is to deliver the bowl as close to the jack as possible. Therefore, if you aim directly at the jack the bowl will curve out to the side.To allow for the curve, the bowl must be delivered to the outside so it curves in and approaches the jack from either the left or the right. The bowler decides if a right or left approach is more desirable. Note: Each bowl has an engraved circle on each side of the bowl. (one side has a large circle and the other a small circle).The bowl will curve towards the side which has the small engraved circle, so when delivering your bowl, keep the side with the small circle on the inside. Dead End / Burned End: When the Jack has been knocked out of bounds. The end is not counted and is played again. Ditches: A rink is terminated at each end by a ditch. The front ditch is at the far end, and the rear ditch is behind the mat. Both ditches are within the boundaries of the rink. A bowl falling into the front ditch is considered "dead" unless it first touches the jack before falling into the ditch — in which case it's called a "toucher" and remains in play. Draw Shot: Shots where the bowl is rolled to a specific location without causing too much disturbance of bowls already at the Head. (See Hand). Drive: This involves bowling with considerable force with the aim of knocking either the Jack or a specific bowl(s) out of play. Dead Bowl: When a bowl either goes in the ditch or rests outside the rink field of play (Lane). Down: When your team does not have the Shot Bowl, you are considered to be Down. You may be down by one or more points. End: Means playing of the Jack and all bowls of both opponents in the same direction on a Rink. Bowling to the Jack is called "one end." The number of Ends played is decided by Club Rules. A typical game has 14 ends in social games, 18 in tournaments. Foot Fault: A foot fault occurs when the bowler does not have one foot over the mat on release of the bowl. Foot may be on the mat or in the air. Forehand Draw: When the bowl is aimed to the right of the Jack, and curves to the left (for right-handed bowlers). Grass: Apart from the surface, the directional line the bowl takes in order for it to curve towards the Jack. So a "too much grass" bowl will be wide. Green: The green is the rectangular playing surface bounded by a ditch and divided into playing areas called rinks, with directions being alternated to protect the grass. The Hammer: The final bowl of the end. Newer rules allow the winning team on an end to give away the mat and so retain control of the hammer. Hand: The side on which the bowl is delivered: either Forehand or Backhand. Head: Rolling bowls toward Jack to build up a Head, which means such bowls that have come to rest within the boundary of the Rink and have not been declared dead. Hog Line: Special markers (often flags for tournaments) that dictate the minimum line beyond which the jack must be rolled for the end to be valid. Holding Shot: Team with their bowl(s) closest to Jack (see also Shot Bowl). Hook: Shape to the end some bowls take, especially older Classic bowls with extreme bias. cJack: White ball or "kitty" is delivered first, to establish the target.to play to, which determines point scoring (see Points). A coin is flipped to determine which player/team delivers the jack to start the game. The winner of the previous end delivers the jack to start the next end. Once in play, the jack may be knocked by a bowl to a new position. Note: The jack can now be turned over to the opposing team. Lane: All games are played within Lanes that are at least 14 ft wide. The lanes for a given game or tournament are designated with markers on the edges of the green. This way, multiple games can be played simultaneously on one green. Bowls that come to rest out of their lanes, are Dead Bowls and are removed from the end. Lead: The person who starts off the play. Also places the Mat and rolls the Jack if their team "has the mat". Mat: The actual mat that is placed by the team losing the last end, to start the next end. This is also known as having the Mat. The team with the mat always rolls the Jack. Newer rules allow the winning team to give away the mat, thereby losing control of the Jack, but ensuring they have the final bowl of the end (the Hammer). The mat is placed on the center line of the rink by the lead bowler of each end. One foot of the bowler must be on the mat when delivering the bowl or jack. A second mat is used at the other end of the rink for the return end. Measure: When bowls are too close to visually decide which one is closer, it is known as a measure. Players carry special lawn bowls tape measures to do this. The distance is irrelevant so the tapes are only used to see who is closest. Narrow: Bowler didn't start out far enough from centerline to the Jack. Pairs: Bowls games in which each team has a pair of players ( a Skip and a Lead) Points: Whoever gets their bowl(s) closest to Jack at conclusion of an End. Potato Bowl: A badly thrown (or released) bowl that hops, skips and jumps. Promoting a Bowl: Pushing up one of your team's bowls to a better position. Rink: A rink is comprised of several features, namely Ditches, Bank & Side Lines. It is the lane on the grass court playing surface. Often 15 feet wide from one end to the opposite end. Each Rink is defined by markers on the edge to clearly define the lane. Rinks bowls: A bowling game in which there are 4 players per team a Skip, a Vice, 2nd Lead and a Lead.. Typically then players only use 2 bowls each. Side Lines: Side lines are not marked on the rink, but are indicated by markers on the face of the bank. Bowls that travel beyond the sideline but curve back in are still in play. Skipper: Team captain or Skip who always plays last. This person is usually the most experienced player, who also guides the strategy. Shot Bowl: The bowl closest to the Jack. Tie: When the two closest bowls are both exactly the same distance from the jack and belong to opposing teams, even after measurement, the end is declared a tie. (Note: Unlike old conservative English clubs, the men never ever wear ties at our club - not even for Xmas dinner!) Touchers: Bowls that hit the Jack. These bowls are marked with chalk and remain "alive" even if they are in the ditch. Trial Ends: Formal practice ends, usually only allowed at the start of a tournament, in which each team rolls 2 bowls down and back to get a feel of the green. Such ends do not count in the scoring. Triples: A game in which each team has 3 players on their team - a Skip, a Vice and a Lead. Typically each player then only uses 3 bowls each. Up: When your team does have the Shot Bowl, you are considered to be Up. You may be Up by one or more points. Vice: The person who plays after the Lead and is responsible for deciding the winner of a head, and recording the results. Weight: The amount of speed applied in delivering the bowl from the mat to the Jack. "Heavy" weight means that the bowl stops beyond the Jack, while "Light" means that it stops short of the spot desired. Wide: The bowl is started too far out of the centerline to the Jack (also called taking too much "Grass"). Wick: When a bowl bounces off another bowl. (This term is derived from curling). Woods: An old term for bowls. Yard On: A shot delivered with an extra degree of speed to displace or disturb other bowls in the Head with intent of killing the End.

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The Davinci Code claims "almost everything our fathers taught us about Christ is false." Why? Because of a single meeting of bishops in 325, at the city of Nicea. There, Brown argues, church leaders who wanted to consolidate their power base (he calls this, "the Vatican," or "the Roman Catholic church") created a divine Christ and an infallible Scripture— that had never before existed among Christians. There are some elements of truth in this assertion, but grossly distorted. There was a power grab and takeover by the Vatican later in AD 451 at the Council of Carthage but this had nothing to do with the divinityof Christ nor the infallibility of the scripture. The Council of Nicene begin this shift of power to Rome on account of it being called by Constantine, the powerful emperor of Rome. The Catholic Church have condemned the movie because it comes against their historical authencity and mandated authority as successors of Peter by portraying Jesus as being married hence having other successors. The Protestant Church have condemned the movie because it comes against the authencity of the bible. The churches in a rare show of unity have condemned the movie as blasphemous and puts Christianity in a bad light and will cause Christians to doubt their faith and should be banned. In defence, many believed that this condemnation is ludicrous since the show is only fiction, a "wayang" show, cleverly manipulated by the producers of the movie to provide free publicity and up ticket sales. In a way, the condemnation is not ludicrous as it seems but because it pricks the deep conscience of the church that they are guilty, of proclaiming man instead of Christ as the head of the church, the many millions killed to maintain the power and wealth of the church, and the abuse of the bible to justify racism, slavery, colonism, homophobia. The churches are indeed guilty for hideous crimes against God and man. The question remains unanswered "What is the truth, the real Davinci Code?" Who was Leonardo Da Vinci and what was his real message in the paintings. We will explore, three aspects raised by the Davinci Code:- a. The solid authencity of the Bible The Davinci Code claims that the Nicene Council in AD 325, resulted in the creation of an infallible Scripture bible which it claims has never existed before as an attempt to consolidate power of the Vatican. However, the confirmation of the bible did not come until the Council of Carthage in AD 397 nor was it a new concept with the scriptures commonly used and read for the last 300 years prior in the western and eartern churches. Those who reject the Bible being historically accurate, are also rejecting it spiritually. They are bringing to question the Scriptures message of salvation. The reliability of Scripture is not exclusive to history or its spiritual message, but must include both. If the Bible is true, than what it speaks about man needing salvation is also true. The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh in Hebrew) consists of 24 books in three parts: the Torah (Pentateuch), Nevi'im (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings).The Torah, or "Teaching," is known as the five books of Moses. The Nevi'im, or "Prophets," tells the story of the rise of the Hebrew monarchy, its division into two kingdoms, and the prophets who, in God's name, judged the kings and the Children of Israel. It ends with the conquest of the Kingdom of Israel by the Assyrians and the conquest of the Kingdom of Judah by the Babylonians, and the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem. . The Old Testament canon was confirmed by the Jewish Council of Jamnia in AD 90 and excludes Deuterocanonical books or Apocrypha. The Christian Old Testament has a 39-book canon (instead of 24) due to a different method of division The New Testament is a Christian collection of 27 books with Jesus as its central figure, written primarily in Koine Greek in the early Christian period. Some point to hundreds of years later to show that it was then the Bible was put together. The canon was generally accepted and read by the early church. Later, in the 4th century, when the church was challenged by many forgeries and false letters circulating, their use and authencity was universally recognised at the council of Carthage convened in 397 A.D. No council was necessary to affirm what was already true. No book became canonical by the action of a church council. In the same way the Old Testament books were not decided upon by the Sanhedrin. The church only recognized the books that God had inspired because of the revealed record they already had and the eyewitnesses that were still alive. In a response to the reformation movement by Martin Luther, the Council of Trent (1545-1564) confirmed the bible list of books but also placed the modern Bible on its list of prohibited books, and forbade any person to read the Bible without a license from a Roman Catholic bishop or inquisitor. All the New Testament books were written between 45-75 A.D excluding only the apostle John’s writings that were written in 85-95 A.D. Four times Paul specifically said I am writing this with my own hand making it clear it was from the living apostles. (Gal.6:11; Philemon 1:19; 2 Thess. 3:17; Col. 4:18) . As the apostles were writing down their records it was considered holy writ to be read throughtout the churches that was dispered when Stephen was martyed. 1 Thess. 2:13, 2 Peter 3:16, 2 Peter 1:191 Cor.1:2, Eph.1:1, 1 Thess.5:27, Gal.1:21, Col.4:16, Rev 1:11 b. The doubtful authencity of the Universal Catholic church The Nicene Council was the first conference of Christian Bishops made possible when the Roman Empire decriminalized it in AD 313 by the Edict of Milan. It resulted in the Nicene Creed to establish conformity of belief, uniquely essential for Christians, and by public professions of the faith, to identify heretics or any disconformity within each community. The Nicene Council did not create a divine Christ, it summarises the beliefs of Christians for the last two hundred years prior based on the writings of the apostles. A total of 250 to 318 Bishops of various cities attended but only only 5 from Churches under the Roman sphere, with the remaining from the eastern Sphere. The Bishop of Rome Silvester 1, was represented by two priests. But it did represent the start of a shift to Rome with the Council being successfully called by Constantine based on his political power. Constantine had earlier converted to "Christianity" after defeating the incumbent Roman Emperor in 312 AD at Milvian Bridge outside Rome. He attributed the victory to "Christ" after having a dream prior that Jesus told him to use a chi-rho sign to go into battle (after praying to the pagan moon god). Constantine ordered it to be put on his soldier's shields - and won the battle. The sign has the symbol made of the first two letters of 'Christ' in Greek - chi (X) and rho (P) with the words IN HOC SIGNO VINCES or IN THIS SIGN CONQUER (IHS) which became the defining banner of the church. The Davinci code challenges the legitimacy of the church by claiming that Jesus was married and therefore have an earthly successor. If the successor of Jesus was not Peter, then we have an illegitimate church. The current church is a 5th century movement centered in Rome. Soon after the acceptance of Christianity as a state religion of Rome in AD313 by the Edic of Milan, there was a strong power struggle to claim supremacy by the Roman Bishops. The Bishop of Rome, Leo 1 claimed rulership of the universal church. In order to legitimise his claim of power, Leo 1 (440 AD) declared himself to be the successor of Peter hence authoritive rulership based on Mat 16:18. In order to fit their theology and greed for power, new traditions and writings were added to declare that Peter was in Rome and died there despite no firm historical references of him being there as the first Bishop of Rome. By the Council of Chalcedon in AD 451, we see the the rising power of the Bishop of Rome, Leo 1, in all the decision making. The second day of the council ended with shouts from the bishops, "It is Peter who says this through Leo. This is what we all of us believe. This is the faith of the Apostles". His degates held at least an honorary presidency, and where the bishops recognized him as the interpreter of the voice of Peter and as the head of their body, requesting of him the confirmation of their decrees. Hence the consolidation of the power base of the Roman Cathlic Church. c. The real Leonardo Da vinci - the Gay artist. Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was an Italian Renaissance polymath: an architect, anatomist, sculptor, engineer, inventor, geometer, musician, futurist and painter. He has been described as the archetype of the "Renaissance man" and as a universal genius, a man infinitely curious and infinitely inventive. He is also considered one of the greatest painters who ever lived. Born April 15, 1452 by his mid-teens, Leonardo was apprenticed in Florence to Andrea del Verrochio, a sculptor and painter affiliated with the powerful Medici family, under whose guidance the boy's artistic talents quickly flowered. In 1476, charges of sodomony were anonymously brought against him and three others for allegedly having sexual relations with a seventeen-year-old male artists' model. After two hearings the charges were eventually dropped on a technicality. These traumatic experience led Leonardo his life private, even going so far as to use mirror writing to keep his thoughts hidden. Hence, little of his emotional life is known directly. There is ample evidence that the artist's primary erotic interests were directed toward men. Throughout his life, Leonardo surrounded himself with beautiful young men, and his drawings and writings evince a deep appreciation for male beauty. In contrast, there is no evidence that Leonardo was ever intimately involved with a woman or even had a close friendship with one. Hence, he was most likely a Gay man. Moreover, Leonardo developed close relationships with his (male) students Rumors circulated about the nature of his relationship, lasting for almost twenty years, with a "curly-haired youth" named Gian Giacomo de' Caprotti. Leonardo's alleged love of boys was a topic of discussion even in the sixteenth century. In "Il Libro dei Sogni" (The Book of Dreams), a fictional dialogue on l'amore masculino (male love) written by the contemporary art critic Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Leonardo appears as one of the protagonists and declares, "Know that male love is exclusively the product of virtue which, joining men together with the diverse affections of friendship, makes it so that from a tender age they would enter into the manly one as more stalwart friends." In the dialogue, the interlocutor inquires of Leonardo about his relations with his assistant, il Salaino, "Did you play the game from behind which the Florentines love so much?" Leonardo answers, "And how many times! Keep in mind that he was a beautiful young man, especially at about fifteen." One of Leonardo's most famous painting is of a mural of The Last Supper (1495-1498) in the refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan depicting the final meal of Jesus with his disciples. The Davinci Code alleges that it was Mary Magdalene sitting beside Jesus instead of John for a rather effiminate man with long hair was drawn. The man sitting next to Jesus was certainly John for drawings such cute looking handsome man was his expertise. The hidden meaning when contrasted with the other men drawn was that St. John was considered by Leonardo, as a gay man. He did not accidentally paint a figure that was uncertain in its gender. Leonardo painted John as very womanly. This is undeniable. Dan Brown and his believers would have you think that although Leonardo called the figure "John", he was secretly painting Mary Magdalene. As always, Gays don't exist and the real conspiracy is the lengths that society will go to in order to avoid discussion of homosexuality especially when it comes to the rich, and famous. The idea that so much of Western History is a result of the genius and accomplishments of men who were gay is simply not acceptable. Leonardo's mature years are filled with some of his most recognizable works - Mona Lisa (or La Gioconda), now in the Louvre in Paris. It is Leonardo's most famous and most ambiguous painting. Although the painting purports to be a portrait of the wife of a merchant, Francesco del Giocondo, some scholars have speculated that it is a self-portrait. Her enigmatic smile, hinting at a secret joke or private knowledge, has haunted viewers since it was first shown. The painting was never completed or delivered to its owner, and Leonardo carried it with him throughout the last years of his life. If the painting was meant to be a portrait, it would have been done in one setting. Yet, Leornardo took years to complete and carried with him. Dr. Lillian Schwartz of Bell Labs suggests that the Mona Lisa is actually a self-portrait. She supports this theory with the results of a digital analysis of the facial features of Leonardo's face and that of the famous painting. When flipping a self-portrait drawing by Leonardo and then merging that with an image of the Mona Lisa using a computer, the features of the faces align perfectly. Leonardo had a secret, He was gay. He was picturing himself as a drag queen and smiling at his own creation. He had real reason to hide this secret after being accused of being a homosexual in 1476 and due to societies very strong condemnation of homosexuality. In the last ten years of Leonardo's life, Francesco Melzi, a young Lombard aristocrat, became his constant companion and ultimately served as the executor of his estate. The Davinci Code is but a work of fiction although sprinkled with truth concerning the legality, power struggles and scandals within the church who in many ways diverted from the biblical teachings from the 4th century onwards against the very own scriptures which it canonised. For Gays, it is a sad reflection, of one of the greatest artists even known has to hide his sexual orientation because of the strong religious homophorbia against gays. Yes, Leornardo had a hidden message for us, that he was gay and is'nt it so obious. He could not lived a life openly and had to hide behind the face of mona lisa. That is the real tragedy. The real Davinci Code is a revelation that gays have a profound role in history and the world we live today. Acceptance of it will change the church forever, from the power and walth centered focused from the 4th century period to a church that is white and pure, ready for the bridgegroom Jesus to come back again.

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A law firm is an organization that is composed of one or more attorneys or lawyers who come together to practice law. It can also include paralegals, legal assistants, and other staff members who work together to offer legal services to individuals, businesses, or government agencies. The primary role of a will dispute lawyers is to represent and advice clients on various legal matters. This article will discuss the importance of law firms and how they operate. Law firms play a significant role in society by providing legal services to individuals and businesses. They help clients navigate through complex legal systems, understand their rights and obligations, and protect their interests. Law firms also offer services such as drafting legal documents, providing legal advice, and representing clients in court. In short, law firms are essential in preserving the rule of law and promoting justice in society. One of the most significant advantages of hiring a law firm is the expertise and experience that comes with it. Attorneys at a law firm have spent years studying and practicing law, which makes them well-equipped to handle legal matters efficiently. They have a thorough understanding of the legal system and can provide valuable insights and advice to their clients. This level of expertise and experience is crucial, especially in complex cases where a small mistake can have significant consequences. Law firms also offer a variety of legal services, making it convenient for clients to get all the legal assistance they need in one place. Some law firms specialize in specific areas of law, such as employment law, family law, or corporate law. This allows clients to work with a team of attorneys who have in-depth knowledge and experience in a specific area. It also ensures that clients receive personalized and specialized services that are tailored to their specific needs. Another crucial role of law firms is representing clients in court. When a legal dispute arises, it is essential to have a skilled and experienced lawyer who can advocate for your rights and interests. Law firms have a team of attorneys who can represent clients in different court proceedings, including civil, criminal, and administrative cases. This not only saves clients time and effort but also increases their chances of a favorable outcome. Collaboration and teamwork are also crucial aspects of a law firm. Attorneys work together to analyze the legal issues at hand, share knowledge, and come up with the best strategies to handle a case. This collaboration ensures that clients receive well-rounded and sound legal advice. Law firms also have a network of professionals, including industry experts, investigators, and consultants, who can provide valuable support in various legal matters. Finally, law firms must adhere to ethical standards and ensure that they provide quality services to their clients. Attorneys have a code of conduct that they must follow to maintain their license to practice law. This code requires them to act with integrity, avoid conflicts of interest, and maintain confidentiality. By hiring a reputable law firm, clients can rest assured that their legal matters are in safe and capable hands. In conclusion, law firms play a vital role in society by providing essential legal services. From representing clients in court to offering legal advice and guidance, law firms help individuals and businesses navigate through complex legal matters. The expertise, experience, and collaboration within a law firm make it an invaluable resource for those in need of legal assistance. Working with a reputable law firm ensures that clients receive quality services and have a higher chance of a favorable outcome in their legal matters.

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The flowering stage of cannabis is when the plants begin to produce sets of flowers. It is also the stage that gardeners make their harvest. The flowering stage is very different from the vegetative stage. During the vegetative stage, the only concern of the plants is to grow bigger and become bushier. During this stage, you can escape with almost any mistake. If your plant gets any damage or infection, you can easily nurse it back to health. The flowering stage, on the other hand, is where the real work begins. The cannabis plants do not grow similarly to the vegetative stage. Their sensitivity also heightens. Any single mistake during the flowering phase can be the downfall of your garden. Therefore, you need to exercise extreme caution when handling your cannabis plants. Nutrients For Flowering Stage: The Beginning of the Flowering Stage The flowering stage does not begin with flowers appearing. Despite the name, the process does not start even with the stimulation of flowering. Instead, it begins when the marijuana plants detect a slight change in the amount of light it receives. A lot of people try to interpret the shift sensed as a decrease in the amount of light as winter approaches. However, the change means an increase in the amount of time the plants are exposed to darkness. When the plant meets its threshold of light, it starts to grow at a fast rate by stretching and increasing in height. Records show that a plant can even grow to double its size during the first two weeks into the flowering stage. The flowering stages The cannabis plant develops stems and leaves during the first 1-3 weeks of the flowering stage. However, the growth suddenly changes to the formation of buds during the end of that month. All the necessary parts of the harvest grow during the first few weeks of the flowering stage. Any slight problem in the initial weeks of the stage will harm the overall yield of the plants. If you plant your cannabis in the outdoors, your plants rely on the season and location of growth for the flowering stage to begin. The flowering of the plant may also depend on the strain of cannabis. Some plants can begin the process right away while others are hesitant since their threshold for darkness is longer. It makes them remain in the vegetative stage for a longer time. It is, however, very different if you are growing your cannabis indoors. Since you have control over the light, you can quickly help the plants trigger and start flowering by controlling the amount of light in your grow tent. As the stage begins, the space in between the leaves (internodes) start to decrease, and the growth of the plant slows down. At first, it may look as if the plants have stopped growing. However, there is a lot more growth that takes place during this stage. You should always be keen on the number of nutrients that you use. Triggering the Flowering of the Cannabis Plant Cannabis plants that grow in the outdoors begin the process of flowering naturally. Even then, you still can trigger flowering. But why would you want to speed up the flowering process? If you want to finish the growing process of the plants sooner, you can induce the start of flowering as it will then lead to earlier harvesting. But how do you do so? All you need is to create a simulation for darkness for 12 hours a day. The plants will then presume that it is time to start flowering. You can do this by covering your grow house with a black sheet to create the illusion of darkness. For plants that grow indoors, the flowering stage does not start on its own. Since you give your plants light using led grow lights, you need to change the schedule to a cycle of 12 hours of darkens and 12 hours of light. The change in schedule lets the cannabis know that it is time to begin flowering. You need to be extra careful during the flowering stage. You need to ensure that during the 12 hours of darkness, no light gets into the grow tent. Any mistake that may lead to even a small amount of light seeping through may delay the flowering process. Additionally, depending on the cannabis strain, you may require more or less than 12 hours of darkness to stimulate the process. Some strains call for darkness lasting for 14 hours. Growing Autoflowering Strains If you are growing auto-flowering cannabis strains, you do not need to provide the plants with constant darkness. These plants grow and begin to flower on their own time regardless of whether you are ready for them or not. They are small in size and do not produce high yields. Their vegetative growth stage lasts for 3 to 4 weeks, and they start to flower a month later. When the flowering stage of your cannabis plants begins, you will notice a couple of changes in your plants. First, your plants cease to grow. You will note that they stop producing more leaves and small white pistils appear and start growing at a fast rate. Additionally, you will see flowers developing from the buds of the plants. During the flowering process, the plants reveal their sex. You will note that the female plants develop pistils while the male plants grow a pollen sack. The male plants grow taller so that they can drop their pollen onto the pistils of the pollen plants. Identifying the Male and Female Plants There are various other methods you can tell the difference between male and female marijuana plants. Both plants develop flowers. However, the flowers have specific distinctive differences. Female flowers contain two hairy white stigmas. The male flowers, on the other hand, are small and have a red, purple, pale green or yellow color. How you treat your cannabis plant during this stage will influence the potency and THC richness of the cannabis plants. To get potent marijuana, you to get rid of the male plants from your grow room to prevent them from fertilizing the female plants. Apart from the development of flowers during this stage, the internodes will also extend. The leaves will as well appear as if they have a transparent resin covering. After the first four weeks of flowering, you will notice some few clusters developing on the female plant flowers. These are the buds that you will harvest. However, during this stage, they are not ready. There is a lot more work that you need to do before you can collect them. Maintaining the Plants during Flowering Before you get into the flowering stage, you should ensure that all your plants are lush, green, and healthy. There should be no discolorations on the leaves due to a deficiency in nitrogen or any sign of stress on the plants. If you see any abnormality, you should first nurse the plants back to health before progressing with the flowering stage. If you have been feeding your plants with nutrients, ensure that during the first month of the flowering stage, you use a flowering formula. You should not change the nutrient solution until you see the plants with plenty of stamens and pistils. Using the Right Nutrients When you enter the flowering stage, the type of nutrients that your plants require also change. Here, the main nutrient requirement is phosphorous and potassium. You need to provide your plants with enough of it to meet the rapid changes that the plants are going through. However, before changing the fertilizers, you need to be sure that the plants are ready to start flowering. The fertilizers you were using during the vegetative phase will ensure that the plants have the required nutrients to begin flowering. However, the flowering fertilizers work to meet the needs of the plants as they continue to flower. You should use the flowering formula only during the first month of the phase. You should note that during the flowering stage, the plants are susceptible to the nutrients as well as the environment. Therefore, you should give them utmost attention and watch out for any disease or pest infestation as it is prevalent in this stage. Avoid Overfeeding the Plants You should not use nutrients during the last weeks of flowering. You may notice the plants shedding off some leaves, especially in the lower regions or those that are shaded. It happens due to the shift in energy as the plants focus on the development of the buds that are on the top of the plant. However, if the plant leaves start to discolor or shed at a high rate, then it means that you have overfed it with too much fertilizer. You should immediately tend to it to reduce the chances of the problem affecting the buds. Training the Plant in the Flowering Stage When growing your cannabis indoors, you need to train then during the first month of the flowering period. By training, you help the plants maximize the use if the growing space and help increase the yields. But why is it important to train them at the beginning of the flowering stage? Cannabis plants have flexible stems that you can easily manipulate as the plant enters the flowering stage. However, as time progresses, the stems become woody and untrainable. One of the training methods you can implement is low-stress training. The process involves training the stems to grow laterally rather than vertically. It helps the plants to develop an even canopy and increase the surface area the light can reach. By performing low-stress training, you can grow your yields by an additional 40 percent. Second Month of Flowering During the second month, the plant starts getting ready for harvesting. You will see the plant becoming thicker, and with more buds developing. The transparent resin that formed on the leaves during the first month starts to darken and release a strong odor. If you are not ready, all these changes happening to the plant may spell some trouble. Your plants will become heavy and require some support. You can set up a trellis system made from strings and wood to offer support to the plants. During this stage, you should ensure that the plants are receiving the required amount of air. Since the plants will be growing wide, some areas will be too close to each other leading to them not getting enough airflow. Without air, the plants can start developing bacteria, molds, and fungal infections that can reduce the number of yields a plant is giving. During the second month, you can tell if there are any more male plants in your grow tent. While you may have removed all the male plants, there are times when you may get hermaphrodite hiding among the female plants. They may contain male sex organs that can fertilize the female plants leading to the loss of THC potency. But why is this important? Users of marijuana prefer getting unfertilized buds due to their potency value. A bud that is not fertilized stops putting its focus on developing the bud but instead focuses on growing seeds. When this happens, it then becomes more potent. Grow Room Conditions During the flowering stage, indoor cannabis growers need to ensure that the environmental conditions in the grow room is favorable. Since the plants are growing closer to each other, you may need to adjust the temperature and humidity to prevent the plants from getting fungi and diseases. You should ensure the temperature is between 68 – 77 degrees Fahrenheit near the leaves and 68 degrees Fahrenheit at the root level when there is light. When you switch off the lights, you can drop the temperatures to 68 degrees Fahrenheit. When the temperatures are high, the carbon dioxide level should also be high. Ensure that the humidity levels as the flowering stage begin is between 40 to 50 percent. Once you get to the second month, you can drop it to 30 percent or more since you want the buds to produce more resin. You should always ensure that the level of humidity stays lower than 50 percent throughout the whole flowering stage. It may be lower than that of the vegetative stage. However, it is crucial for the success of the farm. The best way to keep control of the levels is by acquiring a good humidity controller if necessary. Watching the pH Levels You marijuana plants may suffer damages if you do not ensure that the pH levels are correct. Regardless of the growing medium you are using; you have to keep continually checking the pH levels. One of the signs that can tell you the pH is wrong is when you see the plants with wrinkly or curly leaves. When growing the cannabis in soil ensure that the pH level lies between 6.0 and 7.0. You should maintain a pH between 5.5 and 6.5 if you are using a hydroponic system. Getting Ready to Harvest The whole flowering stage takes approximately two months. However, in some situations, it can extend by another one or two weeks, depending on the strain you are growing. The plant is ready to harvest when the pistils and calyces swell and start turning red. As time passes by, it continues accumulating resin becoming heavier and stickier. The flowers then move closer to each other, eliminating any in-between space. During the last weeks, the levels of THC increases near the buds hence protecting the buds from bugs. You should have your carbon filters up since the smell that is emitted is very strong. Here is an example of a good carbon filter: VIVOSUN 4 Inch Air Carbon Filter Odor Control VIVOSUN 4 Inch Air Carbon Filter helps to effectively eliminate undesirable odor in your indoor grow tent, as well as a hydroponic grow room. It makes use of coal-based carbon, environmentally friendly materials. It has an inner and outer mesh that gives it a 53 percent open area to allow for air flow. It provides a maximum scrubbing of 150 CFM and can cover a surface area of 1000 m2/g. Before you get to harvesting, you should remember to flush the growing medium two weeks earlier for your health and the quality of the buds. Flushing helps to make the marijuana safe and enjoyable to use since it rinses out all the minerals and nutrients that you have been giving your plants. To flush your plants, you need to use water that has a balanced pH level. You should, however, first test the water before you give it to your plants. The time you harvest will have a significant effect on the effect of the end product. Every plant has different timing. It all depends on the strain that you have. Most seed banks and marijuana breeders will recommend the right timeline to harvest the particular strain you planted. However, if you want the weed to give you an energetic high feel, you should collect it early, but if you only want a classic couchlock feeling harvest the cannabis a little bit late. Still, you should ensure that you do not harvest too early or too late as you may get weed with an undesirable effect. Frequently Asked Questions How do you tell a plant is ready to start flowering? You are the one to determine the time a plant will stay in its vegetative stage. You should, however, be aware that even when it gets into the flowering stage, it will still increase in size. Therefore you should always be mindful of the space you have when making the decision. The flowering stage is the most important in the growth of a marijuana plant. You need to apply enough care and caution during the whole process as a slight mistake with deal your yields a significant blow. As you transition from the vegetative growth stage, always be mindful of environmental factors such as temperature in the grow room, the humidity and the pH level. Ensure that you provide your plants with the required nutrients during the right period and flush out the plants two weeks before harvesting. Read How to Grow Cannabis Series:

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There are two main types of ADHD medications: stimulant and non-stimulant medications. Medications also come in several different forms to meet the different needs of the patients. This includes orally disintegrating tablets (ODT), liquids, patches, capsules and tablets. Before medication treatment begins, your doctor should discuss the benefits and the possible side effects of these medications. Medications for ADHD can be very effective but they are not a cure for ADHD. Medications can help control ADHD symptoms on the day the medication is taken. If a person does not take their medication, you should not expect to see improvement in their symptoms. Treatment for ADHD varies with each patient, and a treatment plan that includes ADHD medication may help you or your child manage this condition. Any child can have moments of being inattentive, impulsive, or hyperactive. Children with ADHD, however, experience combinations of these symptoms repeatedly and in a way that is severe enough to have an impact at home, school, or in social situations. At times, many adults can have trouble focusing and paying attention. All adults make careless mistakes, procrastinate, and lose their wallet or keys from time to time. Adults with ADHD have significantly more challenges in their concentration and impulsivity that can negatively impact them at work and at home. If you are concerned that you might have ADHD, make an appointment with your doctor. ADZENYS XR-ODT (amphetamine) is an extended-release orally disintegrating tablet approved for the treatment of ADHD in patients 6 years and above. “Extended release” means the active drug is released in the body throughout the day. ODT means “orally disintegrating tablet.” ADZENYS XR-ODT dissolves quickly in the mouth so that it can be taken without water. Yes. ADZENYS XR-ODT was approved by the FDA for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADZENYS XR-ODT may help increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in patients with ADHD. It is important to remember that everybody is different and results will vary from patient to patient. An orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) dissolves quickly in the mouth without water. The course of treatment with ADHD medications depends on the individual patient’s situation and response to overall treatment. Your doctor may talk to you about trial periods without medication to assess response to treatment. Your doctor will talk to you about the risks and benefits of stopping treatment. ADZENYS XR-ODT is a stimulant medication. Many researchers and clinicians believe that stimulant medications like ADZENYS XR-ODT can typically have an immediate effect on a patient with ADHD. Of course, all patients are different and results will vary from patient to patient. There are many different ADHD medications available for patients with ADHD. People respond differently to medications. Click here to learn more about the side effects patients experienced while taking ADZENYS XR-ODT. Your doctor will be able to provide you with information on the most common side effects of other ADHD medications. If you suspect an accidental overdose of ADZENYS XR-ODT, call your doctor or poison control center at 1-800-222-1222 right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.

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The ground mushroom is a great addition to the kitchen. It adds a rich umami flavor to soup, sauce, and more. This powder is also a wonderful substitute for salt in any recipe. Mushrooms are a healthy source of protein, B vitamins (riboflavin and niacin), and fiber. They are also a good source of Vitamin D, which is produced by mushrooms in response to UV light exposure. Mushrooms are fungi, meaning they spend most of their time breaking down organic material underground. But when conditions are right, they burst out, much like desert flowers blooming after a rain. They release spores that are carried on breezes, spreading their genetic code to nearby mushrooms that then grow and fruit. Mushrooms grow in shady areas of the garden where vegetables don’t thrive, and can help support nutrient cycling and soil health. What Is Ground Mushroom Coffee and How Is It Made Northwood sources logs from local forests for thinning work, encouraging forest health and growth. In the spring, Jeremy and Aimee inoculate these logs with mushroom grain spawn and then lay them in the shade on a bed of straw mulch in their greenhouse. These logs will produce mushrooms throughout the year, but they are especially prolific in cooler climates. Mushrooms grown in hotter, drier conditions will only fruit once or twice before winter. Growing mushrooms in straw bales is a fun and rewarding way to add food and nutrition to your diet. The best species for this process are those that grow well on straw and are resilient to changing temperatures. In the Northeast, this would mean choosing Blue Oyster or Lions Mane. Inoculating into the summer heat can be tricky, so shade and using shade cloth are helpful.…

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What is a Lottery? A lottery is a system for awarding prizes, whereby numbers are drawn or otherwise allocated. Lotteries may be legal or illegal, and they can be used for a wide range of purposes, from handing out subsidized housing units to kindergarten placements. They are often seen as an effective alternative to higher taxes or fees, and they can raise much more money than regular sales or other types of taxation. In the United States, there are several state-run lotteries, as well as privately run ones like Powerball and Mega Millions. The legality of these lotteries is a hotly debated issue, and they are often subject to constitutional scrutiny. Some scholars have argued that they violate the First Amendment, while others argue that they do not. Regardless, they are still popular with the general public and generate substantial revenues. The roots of the modern-day lottery are surprisingly ancient. The Old Testament teaches Moses to take a census of the people and divide the land among them by lot, while Roman emperors commonly used lotteries for property and slaves during Saturnalian feasts. During the American Revolution, public lotteries were established to raise money for a variety of projects. Privately organized lotteries, however, were more common. Despite the long history of lotteries, critics have a number of issues with them. The primary complaint is that the majority of lottery players and revenue come from middle- and upper-income neighborhoods, while those living in low-income areas participate at a disproportionately lower rate. These statistics are especially troubling considering that the large majority of lottery prizes are paid out in equal annual installments over 20 years, meaning that they can quickly erode due to inflation. Another major concern with lottery is the message that it sends to the public. When states introduce a lottery, they tend to present the idea that winning is a great thing that you should strive for, and that it will help to support your state’s schools or roads or whatever other infrastructure programs it supports. In reality, however, the percentage of lottery winnings that benefit the state is minimal. The vast majority of money outside your winnings is divvied up amongst commissions for lottery retailers, overhead for the lottery system itself, and taxes or other government revenue. As a result, the average prize is less than the advertised value of the lottery. This is why state governments need to be careful when designing their lotteries. Ideally, they should create a lottery that provides a good return on investment to the taxpayer, while also supporting infrastructure and other social services. The best way to do this is by establishing a transparent lottery structure that gives everyone clear information about how the prizes are distributed. This will allow for more informed decision-making by lottery participants. As of now, few states have a coherent policy regarding how to distribute lottery funds.

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No journey is simply a journey. It is a manifold combination of pictures, sounds, tastes and aromas, of varying intensity, carrying a personal message for each one of us depending on the season, the traveler, companionship or solitude, thirst for adventure or introspection, discovery or relaxation. Each journey is many journeys together and each journey is unique. The “Ancient Theatres of Epirus” is a cultural route promising many travels in one, travels through time, places, the five senses. Five archaeological sites and their Theatres are the main stops, the starting points from where everyone can collect and compose experiences that interest and inspire them. Everything is here: enthralling monuments and historically fascinating archaeological sites, architecture, the crafts and flavors of an ancient unique tradition, the magnificent landscapes of Epirus. The Theatres are the main protagonists of the cultural route for a reason. In antiquity, theatre was much more than what we understand by the word today. Alongside the agora, it was the trademark of the city-state, of its public life. It was the space where citizens gathered to watch dramatic performances, spectacles connected to religion, intended not only to entertain, but also to teach. As a building, the theatre was the tangible nucleus of life in the ancient city. Theatre, as an act, was its intangible nucleus. Theatre is also the nucleus of this route, the foundation for a rich, multi-dimensional, holistic cultural experience.

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Agglutination Meaning in Telugu Agglutination is a linguistic phenomenon where different grammatical aspects are combined into a single word by adding suffixes or prefixes. This process can be observed in several languages, including Telugu. Table of Contents What is Agglutination in Telugu? In Telugu, agglutination plays a significant role in the formation of words and sentences. By adding suffixes or prefixes to root words, speakers can convey complex meanings with a single word. For example, the Telugu word “వాచకుడు” (vachakudu) is formed by combining the root word “వాచా” (vacha – to speak) with the suffix “-కుడు” (-kudu – one who does). This results in the meaning “speaker.” In conclusion, agglutination in Telugu is a fascinating aspect of the language that allows for concise and precise communication. By understanding the principles of agglutination, learners can enhance their proficiency in Telugu and appreciate the richness of its linguistic structure.

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Understanding the Meaning of “Attribute” in Marathi When we talk about the term “attribute” in English, it refers to a quality or feature that is ascribed to someone or something. In Marathi, the language spoken in the Indian state of Maharashtra, the word for attribute is “गुण” (guṇ). This term is often used to describe characteristics or traits that a person or object possesses. Table of Contents Exploring the Significance of Attributes in Marathi Culture In Marathi culture, attributes are highly valued and play a key role in shaping a person’s identity. Whether it is intelligence, kindness, or courage, these qualities are often admired and respected by society. People in Maharashtra take pride in their attributes and strive to exhibit positive qualities in their daily lives. Embracing the Diversity of Attributes in Marathi Language One of the unique aspects of attributes in Marathi is the wide range of terms used to describe different qualities. From physical attributes like “तोंड” (toṇḍ) meaning fat, to personality attributes like “उत्कृष्ट” (utkr̥ṣṭa) meaning excellent, the language offers a diverse vocabulary to express various attributes. In conclusion, understanding the meaning of attributes in Marathi provides insight into the values and beliefs of the people in Maharashtra. Embracing and celebrating these qualities can lead to a deeper appreciation of the richness and diversity of the Marathi language and culture.

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YOUR ACCOUNT HAS BEEN HACKED! A phrase no one wants to get told. Especially if you use the same password for each account that you have. In today’s Tech Alert, I want to provide you with 3 rules of thumb when it comes to creating safe and effective passwords for your accounts. The first rule I would say you need to consider when creating your passwords is to use a common prefix or suffix for all your passwords and combine that with a unique phrase or factor that is connected to that specific site, so that if the site ever gets hacked, then all of your accounts do not get hacked. The second rule I would like to present to you is to use a password manager. There are a number of them out there and your phone may even have one installed on it. These managers are handy because you can save all your passwords in one place, blocked by a special second password protecting others from getting to your data. The third rule would be to enact a multi-factor authentication on your account. Not every site offers this as an option. For example, if you turn this feature on in your Facebook account and you try and log in to your desktop, it sends a notification to your phone for you to select yes or no, to verify that you are trying to log in. Microsoft reports a 99.9% reduction in breaches of passwords when you use this multi-factor authentication feature. Hackers are all around, so be sure to protect yourselves and others by enacting some basic Cybersecurity techniques into your daily routine to allow you to have the best protection possible. For more advanced Cybersecurity and IT protection, be sure to give us a call at 803-279-1100 or email us at email@example.com. Delightful IT partners. Tenacious cyber protectors. Click below for a video I created for more details on password safety.

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Use in education You may show or play a protected work without the rightsholder's permission if this serves an educational purpose. This must be done on a non-profit basis. This applies to films, video, television programmes, music, sound recordings, still images such as photos and works of art. The work must be disclosed as part of the curriculum either at the education institution's physical location or as part of a digital lecture on Zoom or Teams, for example. Including a film or piece of music in a digital learning environment so that students can watch or listen to it at home is therefore not allowed. The Netherlands Association of Universities of Applied Sciences has established a policy with FilmService (video's) and Videma (television) that allows you to show all video and television programmes at a university of applied sciences. This policy doesn't apply to research universities. Parts of works may be copied and made public to explain a certain subject matter in the context of non-commercial education (Article 16 of the Dutch Copyright Act). In that case, a copy may therefore be disclosed in a closed digital learning environment, provided that it is intended for educational purposes. The parts of the works must explain a certain subject matter in education. This means that they are complementary and therefore do not replace the education content. Sometimes the copyright holders must receive fair compensation for the use of their work. In higher education, this is jointly regulated via Stichting UvO with separate policies for applied universities of sciences and for universities. For more information about open educational resources, see the Educational Resources page.

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Education - a way out of poverty 130 million girls all over the world do not attend school and many will never get the chance to learn to read and write. According to Unicef, almost one out of five girls in the world, marries before they turn 18 years old. In Ethiopia, only half of the population is able to read and write and poverty is widely spread. For poor people in rural areas, education is often a distant dream. We work together with a local organization called 3D Hope For Tomorrow, to provide children in rural areas with education, water, hygiene, health and food. There are many obstacles standing in the way of a girl's education. Poverty is a major reason why parents marry off their girls. The risk of being exposed to child marriage is more common for girls who come from poor backgrounds in rural areas and who have not had access to education. They often see a marriage as the best way to secure the future of their daughters. It is taken for granted that girls should be at home, helping out with household chores and taking care of siblings. Through education, it is possible for girls to have a change - they need to be aware of their rights and possibilities. In general, children who goes to school do not marry - that is the reason why education is an effective way of preventing child marriage. Do you want to make a donation? Click on the button and learn more The right to education We want to strengthen girls' rights and opportunities to education. Everyone, even boys, wins from equality. Child Mercy Sweden are aiming to make education possible for girls, since that will increase girls possibility to decide over their own lives. Education opens up for getting a better employment. Research shows that each year a girl continues her studies after elementary school, will increase her future income with ten percent. In this way, educated girls can both give their children better conditions, and be a positive force in the development of the society. When society provides for opportunity to live full lives for girls and young women and thus gain the power to decide over their everyday life and their future, we get a better world. All children have the right to a safe and good education. Child Mercy Sweden are building schools, educating teachers, working to change the view of girls and working on making it possible to have schools that are welcoming everyone. One of the goals is for there to be as many boys as girls in the schools. We contribute to more than 3,000 children and young people having the opportunity to go to school every year. These are students from preschool classes up to university level. Education is of great importance in reducing poverty in the long run. When children get the opportunity for education, they also get new dreams for the future. Many people begin to dream of a profession and hope is ignited in both children and parents. We have been involved in giving support to the students from the village schools, who have moved on to even higher education and today they are nurses, economists, car mechanics, agronomists and engineers etc. Education is a way out of poverty! - That everyone regardless of gender, ethnic group, religion or age shall get to go to school - That every student receives school materials - To offer the students’ health check-ups - That the girls in need shall get a Hygiene package to be able to attend school without a break during their menstruation - That there should be toilets in the schools - That there should be access to water in the school areas - To provide the poor families food packages - To provide preventative information about HIV/AIDS, Covid-19, family planning and drugs etc. - To provide study support for future education Child Mercy Sweden works together with local organisations, village chiefs, municipal leaders and parents. The dialogue with the village inhabitants and the local anchoring is important for a long term change in the perception of education and, not the least, for girls' right to education. Education helps young people to leave poverty and is a fundamental human right. Many young people in Ethiopia need economical aid to afford to study. With new monthly donors, we will be able to help more people reach their dreams. Besazh dreams of becoming a teacher Besazh* is born in the village Harru. She is in her last year of High School and her dream is to become a High School teacher. When I grew up, it wasn't obvious to go to school and hunger at home was difficult. It forced us children to work daily to get something to eat, but then we found out about the school in Harru. It actually changed my whole life. When I started school, I gained new friends and basic knowledge of how to take care for myself and protect myself from illness and infection. Because my family was very poor, I received a school support to be able to go to school. The support was crucial for my parents to be able to approve my schooling. I am now in my last year of High School and just want to say thank you for all the support you have given me over the years, and for not leaving me, but giving me the opportunity to go to school. It has changed my entire future. Thank you! *Besazh has a different name in reality.

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You always hear about Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids, but you’re probably wondering about Omega 9. What are the benefits, if any, of adding it to your diet? How does it compare to Omega 3s and Omega 6s? What foods contain high levels of Omega 9? Omega-9 is also known as oleic acid and it’s a type of monounsaturated fatty acid. The reason why Omega 9 is not considered to be essential fatty acid is that our bodies generate all the Omega-9 we need from other fats we consume. Benefits Of Omega-9 Omega 9 is not really considered to be an essential fatty acid, but that doesn’t mean it isn’t important for our health. When compared with other types of fats, Omega 9 is considered to be “good” fat because it doesn’t raise LDL cholesterol levels (4). Omega 9 has been shown to provide a number of health benefits including: Reducing Risk Of Heart Disease Omega-9 is considered to be a “good” type of fat because it helps lower LDL (bad) cholesterol which can help reduce the risk of heart disease. Omega 9 helps prevent the oxidation of bad fats and stops blood clots from forming inside arteries, both of which can contribute to heart attacks. Inflammation in the body is caused by a number of things including environmental factors such as pollution. Omega-9 has been shown to block some inflammation-promoting agents, potentially creating a healthier environment within your body. Omega 9 also encourages the proper development and function of cell membranes keeping your cells in optimum condition. Helps Fight Cancer Some research has shown that Omega 9 may affect how tumor cells grow and multiply which may give it an important role in the prevention of cancer. Research into this area is ongoing, but some believe that Omega-9 has a lot of potential as a cancer-fighting agent (3). Boosting Brain Function Omega-9 has been shown to help brain tissue develop properly during fetal development and may play an important role in how our brains work throughout our lifetime. It’s known that Omega 9 helps encourage new growth within the brain, boosting memory, intellect, and overall cognitive function. For optimal health, be sure your diet includes foods high in omega 9 fatty acids such as olive oil or canola oil (1). Improving The Health Of Your Skin And Hair Omega 9 has been shown to help repair skin tissue and protect it from sun damage. It also helps keep hair healthy by adding luster and shine (2). Enhancing Mood And Reducing Depression Risk Omega 9 fatty acids are known as a major component of the human brain so it’s no surprise that they can be helpful in fighting depression. A study found that young adults who were fed a diet higher in oleic acid were more physically active and reported less anger than those fed a more typical Western diet (8). Helping With Weight Loss Studies have shown that Omega 9 has an effect on the body’s metabolism. It helps reduce blood sugar levels and boosts insulin sensitivity which can help improve your ability to process sugars. When we consume foods that are rich in Omega 9 our metabolic rate increases, helping our bodies burn calories at a faster rate while improving mood and mental capabilities (6). Reducing Risk Of Miscarriage Some women who suffered miscarriages had low amounts of Omega 9 in their system when they lost their babies. A developing baby needs Omega 9 to ensure proper brain development during pregnancy, so it makes sense that if there is not enough Omega 9 available it can affect fetal development negatively. It is important for pregnant women to get as much Omega 9 in their diet as possible to reduce the risk of miscarriage (5). If you’ve mustered up the courage to crush your weight loss goal, let Betterme take the sting out of this demanding process. Our app will help you restructure your habits, remold your life and crank up your fitness results! What Are Some Foods High In Omega-9? While many nutritionists advocate for a diet rich in Omega 9, they also believe that it is not something you need to take as a supplement. Some foods and oil that contain Omega 9 include: Olive oil is one of the healthiest cooking oils because it contains many nutrients. It also has a large percentage of monounsaturated fat, and even small amounts can provide you with benefits. Canola oil is also high in oleic acid, which promotes heart health by lowering LDL (the bad kind) cholesterol while increasing the HDL (good) cholesterol. Studies have shown that people who swap out some saturated fats for monounsaturated fats are less likely to develop heart disease and other diseases related to fatty buildup in arteries (7). Fatty fish like salmon and tuna are rich sources of Omega 3 fatty acids, but they also contain Omega 9s. Salmon especially is loaded with both, making it the perfect fish for a healthy diet. Some red meats like beef have high levels of monounsaturated fats that can offer benefits to your heart and overall health. They often also contain saturated fats or cholesterol, however. Leaner cuts are best if you want to keep fat intake low. Like some seeds, nuts contain small amounts of monounsaturated fat in the form of oleic acid. One ounce (28 grams) of walnut halves contains 7 grams of Omega 9s. While the oil is removed from oats to make them more convenient, you can still find oleic acid in the whole grain cereal. It contains even more once it’s prepared, making it a healthy part of your breakfast. Most vegetables also contain some small levels of oleic acid and other monounsaturated fats, which are believed to offer many health benefits. The oils contained in different fruits vary along with their nutrient contents, but they all contain some amount of Omega 9 fatty acids. Some fruits high in oleic acid include avocados, apples, grapefruit and many more. Reasons why BetterMe is a safe bet: a wide range of calorie-blasting workouts, finger-licking recipes, 24/7 support, challenges that’ll keep you on your best game, and that just scratches the surface! Start using our app and watch the magic happen. Seeds are one of the Omega 9 fatty acids foods because just like nuts, they offer a small amount of these healthy monounsaturated fats. Pumpkin seeds, for example, are packed with monounsaturated fats and protein, minerals like zinc (which supports healthy skin), iron (good for circulation), and magnesium (which relaxes muscles). You can use seeds as they are or press them into oil for healthier cooking options. Hemp seed oil is one option that contains about 10% Omega-9 fatty acids (9). The Bottom Line Since your body doesn’t need to produce its own supply of omega 9, why get it from foods? The answer is that there are health benefits associated with its consumption. For example, omega 9 can help reduce inflammation and lower blood cholesterol, reducing heart disease risk. These fatty acids also have possible benefits for brain health, skin, and more. This article is intended for general informational purposes only and does not address individual circumstances. It is not a substitute for professional advice or help and should not be relied on to make decisions of any kind. Any action you take upon the information presented in this article is strictly at your own risk and responsibility! - [Effect of docosahexaenoic acid and nervonic acid on the damage of learning and memory abilities in rats induced by 1-bromopropane] (2013, pubmed.gov) - Cosmetic and Therapeutic Applications of Fish Oil’s Fatty Acids on the Skin (2018, nih.gov) - Dietary effects of mead acid on N-methyl- N-nitrosourea-induced mammary cancers in female Sprague-Dawley rats (2016, pubmed.gov) - Effect of monounsaturated fatty acids versus complex carbohydrates on high-density lipoproteins in healthy men and women (1987, pubmed.gov) - Effects of Diets Enriched in Omega-9 or Omega-6 Fatty Acids on Reproductive Process (2016, nih.gov) - MUFAs (2015, nih.gov) - Protective effect of dietary monounsaturated fat on arteriosclerosis: beyond cholesterol (2002, pubmed.gov) - Substituting dietary monounsaturated fat for saturated fat is associated with increased daily physical activity and resting energy expenditure and with changes in mood (2013, nih.gov) - The cardiac and haemostatic effects of dietary hempseed (2010, nih.gov)

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Daniel 5 is undoubtably one of the most memorable chapters not only of the Old Testament but in the entire Bible as it tells the story of the last of the Babylonian kings, Belshazzar who held a very large feast and irreverently used the gold and silver vessels acquired from God’s temple in Jerusalem as wine vessels for he and his guests all the while praising “the gods of gold and silver, bronze, iron, wood, and stone.” But God would not be mocked because as the Bible says, “Immediately the fingers of a human hand appeared and wrote on the plaster of the wall of the king’s palace.” Of course, this utterly terrified Belshazzar and he called all the wise men of Babylon promising great rewards to “Whoever reads this writing, and shows me its interpretation…” But none of these so-called ‘wise men’ could even read let alone interpret the writing. Only God’s prophet Daniel could. And according to Daniel “this is the writing that was inscribed: Mene, Mene, Tekel, and Parsin. This is the interpretation of the matter: Mene, God has numbered the days of your kingdom and brought it to an end; Tekel, you have been weighed in the balances and found wanting; Peres, your kingdom is divided and given to the Medes and Persians.” And so it was: “That very night Belshazzar the…king was killed. And Darius the Mede received the kingdom…” “King Belshazzar made a great feast for a thousand of his lords and drank wine in front of the thousand.” Although this story is clearly written in historical narrative, without extra biblical corroboration, unbelievers doing what they do best automatically dismiss it as fictional—especially when the person(s) involved are not known to secular history. Of course, several Biblical figures once thought to be fictional have turned up in secular records (King David is a good example). And this is precisely what happened with Belshazzar because in 1854 a Babylonian text was discovered containing his name. As professional archaeologist Dr. Titus Kennedy explains, “In about 550 BC, Nabonidus, king of Babylon, had placed four identical cylinders as foundation deposits at a temple in Ur of Southern Mesopotamia. Recovered in excavations at the temple of the moon god Sin in Ur, this Cylinder of Nabonidus, king of Babylon, contains a 62-line cuneiform inscription in two columns. Part of the text recorded an appeal to the moon god Sin and stated that ‘for me, Nabonidus, king of Babylon, save me from sinning against your great god-head and grant me as a present a lifelong of days, and as for Belshazzar my firstborn son, my own child, let the fear of your great divinity be in his heart, and may he commit no sin; may he enjoy happiness in life.’ While the Nabonidus Cylinder from Ur primarily focuses on repairs made to a ziggurat for the moon god, the document also specifies that the eldest son of the Babylonian king Nabonidus was named Belshazzar.” So, this discovery shows that Belshazzar was not only a real person but was exactly who the Bible says he was. Hence archaeology continues to affirm that the writing indeed was on the wall! Ryan Hembree is a daily co-host, speaker, and writer of Bible Discovery. He also hosts a YouTube channel that shows the unity of the Bible and how science and Scripture fit together. Ryan also has an honorary Masters of Ministry in Creation Science from Phoenix University of Theology. Dr. Titus Kennedy, Unearthing the Bible: 101 Archaeological Discoveries that Bring the Bible to Life, P.160-61.

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There is no one known source of water birth, and it is most likely that it came about naturally in various cultures based on traditions and beliefs. Although water birth nowadays usually happens in more “modern” ways – in bathtubs, in birth pools, in birth centres, or in hospitals – it is powerful to make the links to age-old cultural practices and interesting to see how water birth has evolved over the last 2 centuries. Water birth has always supported natural childbirth. Ancient history of water birth While the concept of water birth is quite new in most Western countries, there are mentions of water birth in the records and legends of many other cultures. For example, there are legends of Egyptian pharaohs being born in water and of South Pacific Islanders giving birth in shallow sea water. There are similar stories arising from Crete, the Hawaiian islands, and even some islands in Japan. Considering how much of the Earth is water – and how supportive water can be during labour and birth – it is no surprise that people all over the world have been turning to it for thousands of years! Some cultures continue traditions of giving birth in natural bodies of water. For instance, in Guyana (a country in South America), many women still go to a special place at their local river to give birth. Modern history of water birth It’s not until 1803 that there is an official record of water birth in the West. This record describes how in a village in French, a woman who had been labouring for 48 hours is helped into a warm bath: she experiences pain relief and her labour progresses well. However, this one record did not lead to increased understanding or interest in water birth. It was only in the 1960s and 1970s that water birth began to become more of a focus in the West. In the 1960s, scientists in the Soviet Union (now Russia) began to study the benefits and safety of water birth. Then in the 1970s, doctors in both the Soviet Union and France began implementing warm water as a pain relief measure, which often included having the woman labour and/or birth in water. A real turning point in the acceptability and understanding of water came when the well-respected French obstetrician Michel Odent installed a pool at the hospital to support birthing women. He was then able to publish and share widely on the benefits of water during labour and birth. Water birth began to spread throughout Western countries, with women often improvising with bathtubs at home. Water birth nowadays Currently in the West, it’s safe to say that water birth is slowly becoming a more mainstream option, especially for women seeking a natural childbirth experience. Many hospitals and birth centres have water birth facilities, and there are a variety of inflatable and other types of birth pools available for sale and hire. There is also more evidence on the benefits and safety of water birth, in particular how water birth can contribute to natural childbirth. Water is the source of life on Earth. How beautiful to connect with water and humankind’s vital relationship with water across history when bringing life into the world! Curious about the benefits of water birth? Check out this article.

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A new study emphasizes that the goals of solar energy development and biodiversity conservation should be addressed together by incorporating the preservation of animal movement into clean energy planning processes. The good news (for climate): within 30 years, the US could produce nearly half of its electricity from solar energy. The not-so-good news (especially for biodiversity conservation): little is known about how such large-scale, land-intensive development could impact animal movement. To begin to answer that question, TNC scientists and partners examined five spatially explicit projections of solar energy development through 2050 and found 7−17 percent of total solar development is expected to occur on land with high value for movement between large, protected areas, while 27−33 percent of total development is expected to occur on land with high value for climate-change-induced animal migration. Fortunately, the study, published in Environmental Science & Technology, also finds only a minor decrease in installed energy capacity when more restrictive environmental considerations are used to predict future solar development. In short, with careful planning, the U.S. could produce nearly the same amount of solar energy and still protect lands important for animal movement and climate-driven migration. The Big Picture “There are some caveats here,” said lead author Michael Levin, “and it’s important to note that there is substantial variation in how much land is likely to be converted at state levels. Some states are projected to see really high levels of development occurring on land with high value for animal movement.” Scientists note that though solar development is not projected to be a massive driver of land-cover change relative to other drivers, such as agriculture or urbanization, some land covers with higher value for animal movement (deciduous forest in particular) are projected to be converted to solar energy more than other land covers with lower value for animal movement, such as barren lands or intensive agricultural landscapes. In fact, among the most startling findings, is that—in three out of five development scenarios scientists examined—as much as 1 percent of the deciduous forest remaining in the continental U.S. could be lost in a conversion to solar. “Among dozens of other considerations,” said Liz Kalies, co-author and TNC’s lead renewable energy scientist, “solar energy development must begin to explicitly account for concerns regarding the preservation of animal movement or risk exacerbating those so-called ‘green-versus-green dilemmas’ to the point where the goals of solar development and wildlife conservation risk decoupling. As solar energy’s footprint grows, it is likely to add pressure to landscapes already altered by dozens of other challenges—another reason site-level wildlife mitigation techniques will be extremely important as we move forward with solar deployment.” Careful solar facility siting based on local data and stakeholder engagement is likely the most important and effective means of avoiding negative impacts of solar development on animal movement. As noted in the paper, the U.S. is on the precipice of dramatic changes to its national energy portfolio, with solar energy technology poised to become a substantial contributor over the next 30 years. This is a positive development for the decarbonization of that portfolio, but also represents a substantial planning challenge. Future renewable energy movement ecology research may choose to focus on (1) species most likely to be affected, (2) siting practices and configurations that can avoid the negative impacts of solar energy on wildlife movement, and (3) testing mitigation strategies such as wildlife-friendly fences and corridor development to allay negative effects of solar development on animal movement. A more specific focus on the species most likely to be affected will clarify what siting configurations, facility designs, and mitigation interventions are most effective across broader geographic scales. This early phase of solar energy development can be guided by the lessons gleaned from these disciplines and later refined by additional research to fill in the most pressing gaps. TNC has been conducting field research on wildlife mitigation for the past several years to produce guidance for developers, and Levin will lead a study this winter tracking bobcats through solar landscapes to empirically study the potential movement constraints. “A transition is imminent and ongoing,” said Levin, “but there is still time to execute a national response that balances goals for climate change mitigation and the preservation of biodiversity.”

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