Datasets:

Nielzac

/

Graph2Text_rdf_type

like 3

<Graph> : <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> instance of <o> book series <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> part of <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. II A,1 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. IV A,1 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. III A,1 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. III A,2 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. I A,2 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. II A,2 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. I A,1 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. IV A,2 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. VII A,2 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. IX A,2 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. VII A,1 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. X A <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. VI A,2 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. VIII A,1 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. VI A,1 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. IX A,1 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. VIII A,2 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. V A,1 <s> RE:Zweite Reihe <p> has part(s) <o> Pauly-Wissowa vol. V A,2 <s> J.B. Metzler <p> country <o> Germany <s> J.B. Metzler <p> headquarters location <o> Stuttgart <s> J.B. Metzler <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikidata: WikiProject Academic Publisher <s> J.B. Metzler <p> instance of <o> book publisher <s> J.B. Metzler <p> parent organization <o> Springer Nature <s> Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Alterthumswissenschaft in alphabetischer Ordnung <p> language of work or name <o> German <s> Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Alterthumswissenschaft in alphabetischer Ordnung <p> genre <o> encyclopedia <s> Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Alterthumswissenschaft in alphabetischer Ordnung <p> place of publication <o> Stuttgart <s> Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Alterthumswissenschaft in alphabetischer Ordnung <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Alterthumswissenschaft in alphabetischer Ordnung <p> editor <o> Ernst Christian Walz <s> Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Alterthumswissenschaft in alphabetischer Ordnung <p> editor <o> August Pauly <s> Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Alterthumswissenschaft in alphabetischer Ordnung <p> editor <o> Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel <s> Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Alterthumswissenschaft in alphabetischer Ordnung <p> instance of <o> literary work <s> Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Alterthumswissenschaft in alphabetischer Ordnung <p> followed by <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Alterthumswissenschaft in alphabetischer Ordnung <p> country of origin <o> Kingdom of Württemberg <s> Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Alterthumswissenschaft in alphabetischer Ordnung <p> publisher <o> J.B. Metzler <s> demographics of Cincinnati <p> instance of <o> demographics of country or region <s> demographics of Cincinnati <p> country <o> United States of America <s> demographics of Cincinnati <p> location <o> Cincinnati <s> Cincinnati <p> different from <o> Cincinnati <s> Cincinnati <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia disambiguation page <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> located in statistical territorial entity <o> Cincinnati–Wilmington combined statistical area <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> territory overlaps <o> Indiana <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> territory overlaps <o> Ohio <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> United States of America <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> territory overlaps <o> Kentucky <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Brown County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Boone County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Clermont County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Warren County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cincinnati <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> part of <o> Cincinnati–Wilmington combined statistical area <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Hamilton County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Butler County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> instance of <o> metropolitan statistical area <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Campbell County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Northern Kentucky <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Grant County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Bracken County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Pendleton County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Gallatin County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Ohio County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Franklin County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Dearborn County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Cincinnati metropolitan area <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Kenton County <s> Cincinnati metropolitan area <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from the Cincinnati metropolitan area <s> Category:Maps of Cincinnati, Ohio <p> category combines topics <o> Cincinnati <s> Category:Maps of Cincinnati, Ohio <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Category:Maps of Cincinnati, Ohio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Riverfront Stadium <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Riverfront Stadium <p> sport <o> baseball <s> Riverfront Stadium <p> named after <o> Ohio River <s> Riverfront Stadium <p> instance of <o> stadium <s> Riverfront Stadium <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Cincinnati <s> Riverfront Stadium <p> architect <o> Heery International <s> Riverfront Stadium <p> owned by <o> City of Cincinnati <s> Riverfront Stadium <p> occupant <o> Cincinnati Bengals <s> Riverfront Stadium <p> named after <o> Cinergy <s> Riverfront Stadium <p> sponsor <o> Cinergy <s> Riverfront Stadium <p> main building contractor <o> Hunt Construction Group <s> Hamilton County <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Hamilton County <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Hamilton County, Ohio <s> Hamilton County <p> coextensive with <o> First Appellate District of Ohio <s> Hamilton County <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ohio <s> Hamilton County <p> different from <o> Hamilton County <s> Hamilton County <p> different from <o> Hamilton County <s> Hamilton County <p> different from <o> Hamilton County <s> Hamilton County <p> different from <o> Hamilton County <s> Hamilton County <p> different from <o> Hamilton County <s> Hamilton County <p> different from <o> Hamilton County <s> Hamilton County <p> different from <o> Hamilton County <s> Hamilton County <p> named after <o> Alexander Hamilton <s> Hamilton County <p> different from <o> Hamilton County <s> Hamilton County <p> capital <o> Cincinnati <s> Hamilton County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Springfield Township <s> Hamilton County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Addyston <s> Hamilton County <p> shares border with <o> Boone County <s> Hamilton County <p> shares border with <o> Butler County <s> Hamilton County <p> shares border with <o> Clermont County <s> Hamilton County <p> shares border with <o> Warren County <s> Hamilton County <p> shares border with <o> Kenton County <s> Hamilton County <p> shares border with <o> Campbell County <s> Hamilton County <p> headquarters location <o> Cincinnati <s> Hamilton County <p> shares border with <o> Dearborn County <s> Hamilton County <p> shares border with <o> Franklin County <s> Hamilton County <p> different from <o> Hamilton County <s> Hamilton County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Loveland <s> Hamilton County <p> different from <o> Hamilton <s> Hamilton County <p> flag <o> flag of Hamilton County <s> Hamilton County <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Hamilton County, Ohio <s> Hamilton County <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Hamilton County, Ohio <s> Hamilton County <p> authority <o> government of Hamilton County <s> Hamilton County <p> instance of <o> county of Ohio <s> Hamilton County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Symmes Township <s> Hamilton County <p> part of <o> Cincinnati metropolitan area <s> Hamilton County <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Hamilton County, Ohio <s> Hamilton County <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Hamilton County, Ohio <s> Hamilton County <p> list of monuments <o> National Register of Historic Places listings in Hamilton County, Ohio <s> Hamilton County <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Hamilton County, Ohio <s> Harare <p> instance of <o> city <s> Harare <p> capital of <o> Rhodesia <s> Harare <p> capital of <o> Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland <s> Harare <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kazan <s> Harare <p> twinned administrative body <o> Minsk <s> Harare <p> twinned administrative body <o> Munich <s> Harare <p> capital of <o> Southern Rhodesia <s> Harare <p> capital of <o> Zimbabwe Rhodesia <s> Harare <p> twinned administrative body <o> Windhoek <s> Harare <p> twinned administrative body <o> Prato <s> Harare <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nottingham <s> Harare <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Harare <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Harare <s> Harare <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Harare <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cincinnati <s> Harare <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buxton <s> Harare <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lago <s> Harare <p> capital of <o> Zimbabwe <s> Harare <p> country <o> Zimbabwe <s> Harare <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Harare Province <s> Harare <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Harare <s> Harare <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Harare <s> Harare <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Harare <s> Harare <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Harare <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Harare <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Harare <s> Harare <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Harare <s> Harare <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Harare <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Harare </Graph>

<Text> :Springer Nature or the Springer Nature Group is a German-British academic publishing company created by the May 2015 merger of Springer Science+Business Media and Holtzbrinck Publishing Group's Nature Publishing Group, Palgrave Macmillan, and Macmillan Education. The company originates from several journals and publishing houses, notably Springer-Verlag, which was founded in 1842 by Julius Springer in Berlin , Nature Publishing Group which has published Nature since 1869, and Macmillan Education, which goes back to Macmillan Publishers founded in 1843. Springer Nature was formed in 2015 by the merger of Nature Publishing Group, Palgrave Macmillan, and Macmillan Education with Springer Science+Business Media . Plans for the merger were first announced on 15 January 2015. The transaction was concluded in May 2015 with Holtzbrinck having the majority 53% share. In 2021, Springer Nature acquired Atlantis Press, an open access publisher founded in Paris in 2006, focusing on scientific, technical, and medical content, and publication of conference proceedings. As of the census of 2010, there were 296,943 people, 133,420 households, and 62,319 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,809.9 inhabitants per square mile . There were 161,095 housing units at an average density of 2,066.9 per square mile . The racial makeup of the city was 49.3% White, 45.0% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.8% of the population. There were 133,420 households, of which 25.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 23.2% were married couples living together, 19.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.3% were non-families. 43.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 3.00. The median age in the city was 32.5 years. 22.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 14.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.4% were from 25 to 44; 24.1% were from 45 to 64; and 10.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 331,285 people, 148,095 households, and 72,566 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,249.0 people per square mile . There were 166,012 housing units at an average density of 2,129.2 per square mile . The racial makeup of the city was 52.97% White, 42.92% African American, 0.21% Native American, 1.55% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.63% from other races, and 1.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latinos of any race were 1.28% of the population. The top 4 largest ancestries include German , Irish , English , Italian . Cincinnati is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. Settled in 1788, the city is located in the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers, the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky. The population of Cincinnati was 309,317 in 2020, making it the third-most populous city in Ohio after Columbus and Cleveland, and 65th in the United States. The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area, Ohio's most populous metro area and the nation's 30th-largest with over 2.265 million residents. Throughout much of the 19th century, Cincinnati was among the top 10 U.S. cities by population. The city developed as a river town for cargo shipping by steamboats, located at the crossroads of the Northern and Southern United States with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period. However, it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants, who founded many of the city's cultural institutions. It later developed an industrialized economy in manufacturing. Many structures in the urban core have remained intact for 200 years; in the late 1800s, Cincinnati was commonly referred to as the "Paris of America" due mainly to ambitious architectural projects such as the Music Hall, Cincinnatian Hotel, and Roebling Bridge. Cincinnati has the twenty-eighth largest economy in the United States and the fifth largest in the Midwest, home to several Fortune 500 companies including Kroger, Procter & Gamble, and Fifth Third Bank. It is home to three professional sports teams: the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball; the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League; and FC Cincinnati of Major League Soccer; it is also home to the Cincinnati Cyclones, a minor league ice hockey team. The city's largest institution of higher education, the University of Cincinnati, was founded in 1819 as a municipal college and is now ranked as one of the 50 largest in the United States. The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals is based in the city. Cincinnati is the birthplace of William Howard Taft, the 27th President and 10th Chief Justice of the United States. Recently, Cincinnati has been named among the 100 most livable cities in the world, at number 88, and is on many Best Places to Live lists, including Livability.com and U.S. News & World Report. Forbes ranked Cincinnati as the 5th best city for young professionals in 2023. The Cincinnati metropolitan area is a metropolitan area with its core in Ohio and Kentucky. Its largest city is Cincinnati and includes surrounding counties in the U.S. states of Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. The United States Census Bureau's formal name for the area is the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the metro area had a population of 2,256,884, making Greater Cincinnati the 28th-most populous metropolitan area in the United States, and the largest metro area in Ohio, followed by Columbus and Cleveland. The Cincinnati-Wilmington, OH-KY-IN Combined Statistical Area, adds Clinton County, Ohio and, until 2023, Mason County, Kentucky , was part of the CSA. The Cincinnati metropolitan area is considered part of the Great Lakes Megalopolis. The Cincinnati metropolitan area was originally designated by the United States Census Bureau in 1950 and consisted of the Kentucky counties of Campbell and Kenton and the Ohio county of Hamilton. As surrounding counties saw an increase in their population densities and the number of their residents employed within Hamilton County, they met Census criteria to be added to the MSA. The Hamilton-Middletown, OH MSA was also formed in 1950 and consisted solely of Butler County, Ohio. In 1990, the Census changed designation of the areas known as MSAs to Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area , and a new Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area grouping was created. From 1990 through 2005, the Cincinnati-Hamilton-Middletown CMSA included the Cincinnati-Hamilton, OH-KY-IN PMSA and the Hamilton-Middletown, OH PMSA. Riverfront Stadium, also known as Cinergy Field from 1996 to 2002, was a multi-purpose stadium in Cincinnati, Ohio. It was the home of the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball from 1970 through 2002 and the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League from 1970 to 1999. Located on the Ohio River in downtown Cincinnati, the stadium was best known as the home of "The Big Red Machine", as the Reds were often called in the 1970s. Construction began on February 1, 1968, and was completed at a cost of less than $50 million. Riverfront's grand opening was held on June 30, 1970, an 8-2 Reds loss to the Atlanta Braves. Braves right fielder Hank Aaron hit the first home run in Riverfront's history, a two-run shot in the first inning which also served as the stadium's first runs batted in. Two weeks later on July 14, 1970, Riverfront hosted the 1970 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. This game is best remembered for the often-replayed collision at home plate between Reds star Pete Rose and catcher Ray Fosse of the Cleveland Indians. In September 1996, Riverfront Stadium was renamed "Cinergy Field" in a sponsorship deal with Greater Cincinnati energy company Cinergy. In 2001, to make room for Great American Ball Park, the seating capacity at Cinergy Field was reduced to 39,000. There was a huge in-play wall in center field visible after the renovations, to serve as the batter's eye. The stadium was demolished by implosion on December 29, 2002. Riverfront was a multi-purpose, circular "cookie-cutter" stadium, one of many built in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s as communities sought to save money by having their football and baseball teams share the same facility. Riverfront, Veterans Stadium in Philadelphia, Busch Memorial Stadium in St. Louis, Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium in Atlanta, Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh, Shea Stadium in New York and Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium in Washington, D.C., all opened within a few years of each other and were largely indistinguishable from one another; in particular, it was often confused with fellow Ohio River cookie-cutter Three Rivers Stadium by sportscasters because of the two stadium's similar names and similar designs. The city proper has an area of 982.3km2 , a population of 1,849,600 as of the 2022 census and an estimated 2,487,209 people in its metropolitan province. The city is situated in north-eastern Zimbabwe in the country's Mashonaland region. Harare is a metropolitan province, which also incorporates the municipalities of Chitungwiza and Epworth. The city sits on a plateau at an elevation of 1,483 metres above sea level, and its climate falls into the subtropical highland category. The city was founded in 1890 by the Pioneer Column, a small military force of the British South Africa Company, and named Fort Salisbury after the British Prime Minister Lord Salisbury. Company administrators demarcated the city and ran it until Southern Rhodesia achieved responsible government in 1923. Salisbury was thereafter the seat of the Southern Rhodesian government and, between 1953 and 1963, the capital of the Central African Federation. It retained the name Salisbury until 1982 when it was renamed Harare on the second anniversary of Zimbabwe's independence from the United Kingdom. The parliamentary wing was removed from Harare upon completion of the New Parliament of Zimbabwe in April 2022, meaning that Zimbabwe has two capital cities at the moment, Mount Hampden and Harare. Long the commercial capital of Zimbabwe, Harare has seen recent economic turbulence. It remains an important centre of commerce, government, finance, real estate, manufacturing, healthcare, design, education, art, culture, tourism, agriculture, mining and regional affairs. Harare has the second-highest number of embassies in Southern Africa and serves as the location of the African headquarters of the World Health Organization, which it shares with Brazzaville. Harare has hosted multiple international conferences and events, including the 1995 All-Africa Games and the 2003 Cricket World Cup. In 2018, Harare was ranked as a Gamma World City. The city's marquee festival is the Harare International Festival of the Arts, modelled on the Edinburgh Festival and one of the largest arts festivals in the southern hemisphere. It is also home to Dynamos FC, the club with the most titles in Zimbabwean football. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:People from Cincinnati <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Cincinnati <p> category combines topics <o> Cincinnati <s> Category:People from Cincinnati <p> category combines topics <o> human <s> Category:People from Cincinnati <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Cincinnati <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Nancy <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Nancy <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Nancy <p> country <o> France <s> Nancy <p> capital of <o> Meurthe-et-Moselle <s> Nancy <p> described by source <o> Regesta Imperii <s> Nancy <p> significant event <o> Battle of Nancy <s> Nancy <p> capital of <o> Duchy of Lorraine <s> Nancy <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Nancy <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vinnytsia <s> Nancy <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Meurthe-et-Moselle <s> Nancy <p> instance of <o> commune of France <s> Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Maxéville <s> Nancy <p> capital of <o> arrondissement of Nancy <s> Nancy <p> capital of <o> Meurthe <s> Nancy <p> capital of <o> canton of Nancy-Ouest <s> Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Malzéville <s> Nancy <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Nancy <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <s> Nancy <p> capital of <o> canton of Nancy-Sud <s> Nancy <p> capital of <o> Métropole du Grand Nancy <s> Nancy <p> capital of <o> canton of Nancy-Est <s> Nancy <p> capital of <o> canton of Nancy-Nord <s> Nancy <p> described by source <o> New Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Nancy <p> described by source <o> Topographia Palatinatus Rheni <s> Nancy <p> owner of <o> Grand Nancy Thermal <s> Nancy <p> archives at <o> Nancy Municipal Archives <s> Nancy <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Nancy <s> Nancy <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Nancy <s> Nancy <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Nancy <s> Nancy <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Meurthe <s> Nancy <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Nancy <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Nancy, France <s> Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Saint-Max <s> Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Villers-lès-Nancy <s> Nancy <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Nancy <p> head of government <o> Mathieu Klein <s> Nancy <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Nancy, France <s> Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Tomblaine <s> Nancy <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Nancy <s> Nancy <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Nancy <s> Nancy <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Nancy <s> Nancy <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Nancy <s> Nancy <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Nancy <p> capital of <o> canton of Nancy-3 <s> Nancy <p> capital of <o> canton of Nancy-2 <s> Nancy <p> capital of <o> canton of Nancy-1 <s> Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Laxou <s> Nancy <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> arrondissement of Nancy <s> Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Jarville-la-Malgrange <s> Nancy <p> associated electoral district <o> canton of Nancy-1 <s> Nancy <p> associated electoral district <o> canton of Nancy-3 <s> Nancy <p> associated electoral district <o> canton of Nancy-2 <s> Liuzhou <p> country <o> People's Republic of China <s> Liuzhou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cincinnati <s> Liuzhou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Passau <s> Liuzhou <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Liuzhou <s> Liuzhou <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Liuzhou <s> Liuzhou <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+08:00 <s> Liuzhou <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Guangxi <s> Liuzhou <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Liunan District <s> Liuzhou <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County <s> Liuzhou <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Liubei District <s> Liuzhou <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yufeng District <s> Liuzhou <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chengzhong District, Liuzhou <s> Liuzhou <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Liucheng County <s> Liuzhou <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rongshui Miao Autonomous County <s> Liuzhou <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Liuzhou <s> Liuzhou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bandung City <s> Liuzhou <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Liujiang District <s> Liuzhou <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Luzhai County <s> Liuzhou <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rong'an County <s> Liuzhou <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Liuzhou <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Liuzhou <p> instance of <o> prefecture-level city <s> Kharkiv <p> country <o> Ukraine <s> Kharkiv <p> language used <o> Russian <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Poznań <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Warsaw <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tbilisi <s> Kharkiv <p> owner of <o> Kharkiv Metro <s> Kharkiv <p> described by source <o> Nordisk familjebok <s> Kharkiv <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Kharkiv <p> described by source <o> Internetowa encyklopedia PWN <s> Kharkiv <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Kharkiv <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Kharkiv <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Kharkiv <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia <s> Kharkiv <p> member of <o> World Tourism Cities Federation <s> Kharkiv <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> history of topic <o> history of Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Maribor <s> Kharkiv <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tianjin <s> Kharkiv <p> owner of <o> KhTZ Stadium <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brno <s> Kharkiv <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> founded by <o> Alexei I of Russia <s> Kharkiv <p> official language <o> Ukrainian <s> Kharkiv <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Trnava <s> Kharkiv <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:00 <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bologna <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lille <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bengaluru <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Daugavpils <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nuremberg <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cincinnati <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Porto <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gaziantep <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Częstochowa <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lublin <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kutaisi <s> Kharkiv <p> award received <o> Order of Lenin <s> Kharkiv <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> WikiProject Ukraine <s> Kharkiv <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Patras <s> Kharkiv <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> related category <o> Category:Organizations based in Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> related category <o> Category:Kharkiv templates <s> Kharkiv <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Steglitz-Zehlendorf <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jinan <s> Kharkiv <p> category for honorary citizens of entity <o> Category:Honorary citizens of Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rishon LeZion <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Turku <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Varna <s> Kharkiv <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cetinje <s> Kharkiv <p> capital of <o> Kharkiv Urban Hromada <s> Kharkiv <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:People buried in Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Slobids'kyi District <s> Kharkiv <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Saltivskyi District <s> Kharkiv <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Novobavarskyi District <s> Kharkiv <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kholodnohirskyi District <s> Kharkiv <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kyiv District <s> Kharkiv <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Osnovianskyi District <s> Kharkiv <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shevchenkivskyi District <s> Kharkiv <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nemyshlyanskyi District <s> Kharkiv <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Industrialnyi District <s> Kharkiv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kaunas <s> Kharkiv <p> instance of <o> city in Ukraine <s> Kharkiv <p> instance of <o> centre of oblast <s> Kharkiv <p> flag <o> Flags of Kharkiv <s> Kharkiv <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Kharkiv River <s> Kharkiv <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kharkiv Raion <s> Kharkiv <p> legislative body <o> Kharkiv City council <s> Kharkiv <p> award received <o> Hero City of Ukraine <s> Kharkiv <p> head of government <o> Ihor Terekhov <s> Ohio River <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Ohio River <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Ohio River <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Ohio River <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Ohio River <p> different from <o> Ohio <s> Ohio River <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Ohio River <p> described by source <o> The American Cyclopædia <s> Ohio River <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Ohio River <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Ohio River <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Ohio River <p> category for the water basin <o> Category:Ohio River watershed <s> Ohio River <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ohio <s> Ohio River <p> tributary orientation <o> left bank <s> Ohio River <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Mississippi River <s> Ohio River <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Tennessee River <s> Ohio River <p> basin country <o> Pennsylvania <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Big Sandy River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Beaver River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Salt River <s> Ohio River <p> instance of <o> river <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Lee Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Eagle Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Kanawha River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Cumberland River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Ohio Brush Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Mill Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Green River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Duck Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Scioto River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Wabash River <s> Ohio River <p> origin of the watercourse <o> Allegheny River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Laughery Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Montour Run <s> Ohio River <p> drainage basin <o> Ohio River drainage basin <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Kentucky River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Muskingum River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Little Muskingum River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Little Beaver Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Hocking River <s> Ohio River <p> origin of the watercourse <o> Monongahela River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Great Miami River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Little Kanawha River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Licking River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Little Miami River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Captina Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Chartiers Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Sandy Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Blue River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Little Sandy River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Saline River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Raccoon Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Guyandotte River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Goose Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Silver Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Saw Mill Run <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Twelvepole Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Wheeling Creek <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Cache River <s> Ohio River <p> tributary <o> Little Scioto River <s> Ohio River <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ohio River <s> Portal:Cincinnati <p> Wikimedia portal's main topic <o> Cincinnati <s> Portal:Cincinnati <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Cincinnati portal <s> Portal:Cincinnati <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia portal <s> Category:Cincinnati <p> category's main topic <o> Cincinnati <s> Category:Cincinnati <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Mysore <p> instance of <o> city <s> Mysore <p> twinned administrative body <o> Augsburg <s> Mysore <p> country <o> India <s> Mysore <p> capital of <o> Kingdom of Mysore <s> Mysore <p> capital of <o> Mysuru district <s> Mysore <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cincinnati <s> Mysore <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Mysore <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Mysore <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Mysore <s> Mysore <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nashua <s> Mysore <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Mysore <s> Mysore <p> twinned administrative body <o> Enköping Municipality <s> Mysore <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Mysore <p> capital of <o> Mysore State <s> Mysore <p> capital of <o> Mysuru division <s> Mysore <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Mysore <s> Mysore <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Mysore <s> Mysore <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Mysore Taluk <s> Mysore <p> authority <o> Mysore City Corporation <s> Mysore <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mysore <s> county seat <p> country <o> United States of America <s> county seat <p> subclass of <o> human settlement <s> county seat <p> subclass of <o> seat <s> county seat <p> instance of <o> administrative centre <s> county seat <p> topic's main category <o> Category:County seats of the United States <s> Taipei <p> language used <o> Mandarin <s> Taipei <p> capital of <o> Taiwan <s> Taipei <p> capital of <o> Taiwan <s> Taipei <p> continent <o> Asia <s> Taipei <p> language used <o> Basay <s> Taipei <p> language used <o> Kavalan <s> Taipei <p> replaces <o> Taipei <s> Taipei <p> capital of <o> Republic of Formosa <s> Taipei <p> capital of <o> Taiwan Province <s> Taipei <p> part of <o> Northern Taiwan <s> Taipei <p> instance of <o> city <s> Taipei <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Taipei <s> Taipei <p> language used <o> Standard Mandarin <s> Taipei <p> language used <o> Ketagalan <s> Taipei <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Taipei <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Taipei <s> Taipei <p> language used <o> Bunun <s> Taipei <p> official symbol <o> Taiwan Blue Magpie <s> Taipei <p> country <o> Taiwan <s> Taipei <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Taipei <s> Taipei <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Taipei Basin <s> Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Beitou District <s> Taipei <p> shares border with <o> New Taipei <s> Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wanhua District <s> Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Songshan District <s> Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Neihu District <s> Taipei <p> part of <o> Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area <s> Taipei <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Taipei <p> enclave within <o> New Taipei <s> Taipei <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+08:00 <s> Taipei <p> instance of <o> special municipality <s> Taipei <p> instance of <o> Capital of Republic of China (Taiwan) <s> Taipei <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vilnius <s> Taipei <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Taiwan <s> Taipei <p> capital of <o> Taiwan under Japanese rule <s> Taipei <p> head of government <o> Chiang Wan-an <s> Taipei <p> official symbol <o> Rhododendron <s> Taipei <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Taipei <p> official language <o> Chinese <s> Taipei <p> capital <o> Xinyi District <s> Taipei <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Taipei <p> language used <o> Atayal <s> Taipei <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Taipei <s> Taipei <p> legislative body <o> Taipei City Council <s> Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Zhongshan District <s> Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Xinyi District <s> Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wenshan District <s> Taipei <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Taipei <s> Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Daan <s> Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shilin District <s> Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Datong District <s> Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nangang District <s> Taipei <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Keelung River <s> Taipei <p> instance of <o> enclave <s> Taipei <p> executive body <o> Taipei City Government <s> Taipei <p> owner of <o> Tianmu Baseball Stadium <s> Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Zhongzheng District <s> Taipei <p> replaces <o> Shichisei County <s> Taipei <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Taipei <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Taipei <s> Taipei <p> open data portal <o> Taipei city Open Data <s> Taipei <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Taipei <s> Taipei <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Taipei <s> Taipei <p> history of topic <o> History of Taipei <s> Taipei <p> official symbol <o> Ficus microcarpa <s> Taipei <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Taipei </Graph>

<Text> :Liuzhou is a prefecture-level city in north-central Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. The prefecture's population was 4,157,934 as of 2020 census, including 2,519,051 in the built-up area made of five urban districts. Its total area is 18,594 km2 and 3,559.4 km2 for the built-up area. Liuzhou is located on the banks of the winding Liu River, approximately 255 km from Nanning, the regional capital. By road, it is about 167 km to Guilin, 167 km to Hechi, 237 km to Nanning, 373 km to Fangchenggang, 448 km to Beihai. Swimming in the river is a tradition of the city. The river is normally green, but sometimes in summer, floods from the mountain areas upstream bring sediment which colors the water yellow. In early 2012, a cadmium spill upstream caused serious pollution worries. The river can be deep. Normally, the depth is 60-70 metres but can as deep as 90 metres before it floods over the wall. In 2000 a bus, with 78 passengers, fell over the side of a bridge, and into 27 metres of water. Kharkiv , also known as Kharkov , is the second-largest city in Ukraine. Located in the northeast of the country, it is the largest city of the historic region of Sloboda Ukraine. Kharkiv is the administrative centre of Kharkiv Oblast and of the surrounding Kharkiv Raion. It has a population of 1,421,125 . Kharkiv was founded in 1654 as a fortress, and grew to become a major centre of industry, trade, and Ukrainian culture in Sloboda Ukraine in the composition Russian Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century, the city had a predominantly Ukrainian and Russian population, but as industrial expansion drew in further labor from the distressed countryside, and as the Soviet Union moderated previous restrictions on Ukrainian cultural expression, Ukrainians became the largest ethnic group in the city by the eve of World War II. From December 1919 to January 1934, Kharkiv was the capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. Kharkiv is a major cultural, scientific, educational, transport and industrial centre of Ukraine, with numerous museums, theatres and libraries, including the Annunciation and Dormition cathedrals, the Derzhprom building in Freedom Square, and the National University of Kharkiv. Industry plays a significant role in Kharkiv's economy, specialised primarily in machinery and electronics. There are hundreds of industrial facilities throughout the city, including the Morozov Design Bureau, the Malyshev Factory, Khartron, Turboatom, and Antonov. In March and April 2014, security forces and counter-demonstrators defeated efforts by Russian-backed separatists to seize control of the city and regional administration. Kharkiv was a major target for Russian forces in the eastern Ukraine campaign during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine before they were pushed back to the Russia-Ukraine border. The city remains under intermittent Russian fire. The Ohio River is a 981-mile long river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing in a southwesterly direction from western Pennsylvania to its mouth on the Mississippi River at the southern tip of Illinois. It is the third largest river by discharge volume in the United States and the largest tributary by volume of the north-south flowing Mississippi River, which divides the eastern from western United States. It is also the 6th oldest river on the North American continent. The river flows through or along the border of six states, and its drainage basin includes parts of 14 states. Through its largest tributary, the Tennessee River, the basin includes several states of the southeastern U.S. It is the source of drinking water for five million people. The river became a primary transportation route for pioneers during the westward expansion of the early U.S. The lower Ohio River just below Louisville was obstructed by rapids known as the Falls of the Ohio where the elevation falls 26 feet in 2 miles restricting larger commercial navigation, although in the 18th and early 19th century its three deepest channels could be traversed by a wide variety of craft then in use. In 1830, the Louisville and Portland Canal bypassed the rapids, allowing even larger commercial and modern navigation from the Forks of the Ohio at Pittsburgh to the Port of New Orleans at the mouth of the Mississippi on the Gulf of Mexico. Since the "canalization" of the river in 1929, the Ohio has not been a natural free-flowing river; today, it is divided into 21 discrete pools or reservoirs by 20 locks and dams for navigation and power generation. The name "Ohio" comes from the Seneca, Ohi:yo', lit. "Good River". In his Notes on the State of Virginia published in 1781-82, Thomas Jefferson stated: "The Ohio is the most beautiful river on earth. Its current gentle, waters clear, and bosom smooth and unbroken by rocks and rapids, a single instance only excepted." After the French and Indian War, Britain's trans-Appalachian Indian Reserve was divided by the river into colonial lands to the south and Native American lands to the north. In the late 18th century, the river became the southern boundary of the Northwest Territory. The river is sometimes considered as the western extension of the Mason-Dixon Line that divided Pennsylvania from Maryland, and thus part of the border between free and slave territory, and between the Northern and Southern United States or Upper South. Where the river was narrow, it was crossed by thousands of slaves escaping to the North for freedom; many were helped by free blacks and whites of the Underground Railroad resistance movement. Mysore , officially Mysuru , is a metropolitan city in the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It is the state's second-most populous and is one of the cleanest cities in India according to the Swachh Survekshan. It is the seat of the Wadiyar dynasty and was the capital of the Kingdom of Mysore for almost six centuries, from 1399 until 1947. It is currently the headquarters of Mysore district and Mysore division. Known for its heritage structures and palaces, including the famous Mysore Palace, and noted for its culture, Mysore is popularly known as the "City of Palaces", the "Heritage City", and the "Cultural Capital of Karnataka". For its pristine and calm ambience, it is also known as "Pensioners' Paradise". Mysore is situated at the foothills of the Chamundi Hills. At an altitude of 770 m above mean sea level, the city of Mysore is geographically located at 12deg 18' 26'' north latitude and 76deg 38' 59'' east longitude. It is about 140 km southwest of the state's capital, Bangalore, and spreads across an area of 156 km2 . The population of the city combined with its neighbouring towns in its metropolitan area is about 1,288,000 in 2023. Most of the city's development during modern times could be attributed to the maharajas of Mysore and the Wadiyar dynasty, who were patrons of art and culture. Hyder Ali and Tipu, when they were briefly in power in succession, also contributed significantly to the economic growth of the city and the kingdom by planting mulberry trees and silk in the region, and fighting four wars against the British. In present days, the Mysore City Corporation is responsible for the civic administration of the city. During the Dasara festivals, Mysore receives hundreds of thousands of tourists from around the world. The city is also the namesake to various art forms and culture, such as Mysore Dasara and Mysore painting; foods such as the sweet delicacy Mysore Pak, breakfasts like Mysore Dosa and Mysore Masala Dosa; brands such as Mysore Sandal Soap, Mysore Paints; and styles and cosmetics such as Mysore Peta, a traditional silk turban, and the Mysore silk saris. Mysore is also known for betel leaves and its own special variety of jasmine flower fondly referred to as "Mysore Mallige". Tourism is a lifeline industry for the city alongside the traditional industries. Mysore's intracity public transportation includes bus and intercity public transportation includes rail, bus, and air. A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is in use in five countries, Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, and the United States. An equivalent term, shire town, is used in the U.S. state of Vermont and in several other English-speaking jurisdictions. County towns serve a similar function in Ireland, Jamaica, and the United Kingdom. In most of the United States, counties are the political subdivisions of a state. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions may also be located or conducted in other parts of the county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality. The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia, where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City, the county seat of Howard County, Maryland, is the largest unincorporated county seat in the United States, followed by Towson, the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland. Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey, though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township, an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies, county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia. In Canada, the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. Taipei , officially Taipei City, and previously known as Taihoku from 1895 to 1945 is the capital and a special municipality of the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan. Located in Northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about 25 km southwest of the northern port city of Keelung. Most of the city rests on the Taipei Basin, an ancient lakebed. The basin is bounded by the relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung and Xindian rivers, which join to form the Tamsui River along the city's western border. The municipality of Taipei is home to an estimated population of 2,494,813 , forming the core part of the Taipei-Keelung metropolitan area, also known as "Greater Taipei", which includes the nearby cities of New Taipei and Keelung with a population of 7,047,559, the 40th most-populous urban area in the world--roughly one-third of Taiwanese citizens live in the metro areas. The name "Taipei" can refer either to the whole metropolitan area or just the municipality alone. Taipei has been the political center of the island since 1887, when it first became the seat of Taiwan Province by the Qing dynasty until 1895 and again from 1945 to 1956 by the ROC government, with an interregnum from 1895 to 1945 as the seat of the Government-General of Taiwan during the Japanese rule. The city has been the national seat of the ROC central government since 1949, it became the nation's special municipality on 1 July 1967 from provincial city status. Taipei is the economic, political, educational and cultural center of Taiwan and one of the world's global cities. Considered to be a global city and rated as an Alpha - City by GaWC, Taipei is part of a major high-tech industrial area. Railways, highways, airports and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is served by two airports - Songshan and Taoyuan. The municipality is home to architectural and cultural landmarks, including Taipei 101 , Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Dalongdong Baoan Temple, Hsing Tian Kong, Lungshan Temple of Manka, National Palace Museum, Presidential Office Building, Taipei Guest House and Zhinan Temple. Shopping districts including Ximending as well as several night markets dispersed throughout the city. Natural features include Maokong, Yangmingshan and hot springs. In English-language news reports, the name Taipei often serves as a synecdoche referring to central government of Taiwan. Due to the ambiguous political status of Taiwan internationally, the term Chinese Taipei is also frequently used as a synonym for the entire country, as when Taiwan's governmental representatives participate in international organizations or Taiwan's athletes compete in international sporting events, including the Olympics. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Room A6 Il Trecento a Firenze <p> instance of <o> exhibition space <s> Room A6 Il Trecento a Firenze <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Tribuna of the Uffizi <p> country <o> Italy <s> Tribuna of the Uffizi <p> location <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Tribuna of the Uffizi <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Tribuna of the Uffizi <p> instance of <o> exhibition space <s> Tribuna of the Uffizi <p> instance of <o> work of art <s> Tribuna of the Uffizi <p> depicted by <o> The Tribuna of the Uffizi <s> Tribuna of the Uffizi <p> architect <o> Bernardo Buontalenti <s> Contini Bonacossi collection <p> country <o> Italy <s> Contini Bonacossi collection <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Florence <s> Contini Bonacossi collection <p> instance of <o> museum <s> Contini Bonacossi collection <p> owned by <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Contini Bonacossi collection <p> location <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Contini Bonacossi collection <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Contini Bonacossi collection <p> instance of <o> art collection <s> Contini Bonacossi collection <p> owned by <o> Vittoria Contini Bonacossi <s> Contini Bonacossi collection <p> owned by <o> Alessandro Contini Bonacossi <s> Paintings in the Uffizi Gallery <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia list article <s> Paintings in the Uffizi Gallery <p> is a list of <o> painting <s> Paintings in the Uffizi Gallery <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Paintings in the Uffizi Gallery <p> category related to list <o> Category:Paintings in the Uffizi <s> Room A4 Giotto — Cimabue <p> country <o> Italy <s> Room A4 Giotto — Cimabue <p> location <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Room A4 Giotto — Cimabue <p> instance of <o> exhibition space <s> Room A4 Giotto — Cimabue <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Room A4 Giotto — Cimabue <p> has use <o> exhibition <s> Room A4 Giotto — Cimabue <p> has part(s) <o> Madonna Enthroned <s> Room A4 Giotto — Cimabue <p> has part(s) <o> Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angels and Prophets. ˋSanta Trinità Maestà´ <s> Signorelli and Florence - room 31 <p> instance of <o> exhibition space <s> Signorelli and Florence - room 31 <p> location <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Signorelli and Florence - room 31 <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Hall A.35 Leonardo <p> location <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Hall A.35 Leonardo <p> instance of <o> exhibition space <s> Hall A.35 Leonardo <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Hall A.35 Leonardo <p> has part(s) <o> The Baptism of Christ <s> Pollaiolo, Room A10 <p> location <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Pollaiolo, Room A10 <p> instance of <o> exhibition space <s> Pollaiolo, Room A10 <p> country <o> Italy <s> Pollaiolo, Room A10 <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Pollaiolo, Room A10 <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> borough 1 <s> Pollaiolo, Room A10 <p> has part(s) <o> Portrait of Galeazzo Maria Sforza <s> room 15 <p> country <o> Italy <s> room 15 <p> instance of <o> exhibition space <s> room 15 <p> location <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> room 15 <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> room 15 <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> borough 1 <s> Flemish and German Renaissance paintings, room 22 <p> instance of <o> exhibition space <s> Flemish and German Renaissance paintings, room 22 <p> country <o> Italy <s> Flemish and German Renaissance paintings, room 22 <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Flemish and German Renaissance paintings, room 22 <p> location <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Flemish and German Renaissance paintings, room 22 <p> has part(s) <o> The Departure of Saint Florian <s> Flemish and German Renaissance paintings, room 22 <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> borough 1 </Graph>

<Text> :The Tribuna of the Uffizi is an octagonal exhibition hall in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. Designed by Bernardo Buontalenti for Francesco I de' Medici in 1584, the most important antiquities and High Renaissance and Bolognese paintings from the Medici collection were and still are displayed here. This collection was ceded in 1737 by Grand Duchess Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici to the Tuscan government. By the 1770s, the Uffizi, and in particular the Tribuna, was the hub for Grand Tourists visiting Florence. Johann Zoffany's famous painting of the Tribuna, commissioned by Queen Charlotte of the United Kingdom in 1772, portrays the northeast section but varies the arrangement and brings in works not normally displayed in the room, such as Raphael's Madonna della Sedia. Admiring the works of art are connoisseurs, diplomats and visitors to Florence, all identifiable. The Tribuna degli Uffizi was restored between 2009 and 2012. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Tijuana <p> capital of <o> Tijuana <s> Tijuana <p> country <o> Mexico <s> Tijuana <p> office held by head of government <o> Municipal President of Tijuana <s> Tijuana <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Tijuana <s> Tijuana <p> instance of <o> city <s> Tijuana <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tijuana River <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Calexico <s> Tijuana <p> located in time zone <o> Pacific Time Zone <s> Tijuana <p> part of <o> Mexico <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Los Angeles <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Frankfurt (Oder) <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Havana <s> Tijuana <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Tijuana <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zaragoza <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Diego <s> Tijuana <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tijuana <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cancun <s> Tijuana <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tijuana <s> Tijuana <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Tijuana <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Busan <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ciudad Juárez <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Laredo <s> Tijuana <p> instance of <o> locality of Mexico <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mazatlán <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cincinnati <s> Tijuana <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Tijuana <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mexicali <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> León de Los Aldama <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Changchun <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Panjin <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Słubice <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toluca <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ensenada <s> Tijuana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Valle de Guadalupe Municipality <s> Tijuana <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Tijuana <p> instance of <o> city in Mexico <s> New Taipei <p> continent <o> Asia <s> New Taipei <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Taiwan <s> New Taipei <p> shares border with <o> Taipei <s> New Taipei <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+08:00 <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wulai District <s> New Taipei <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor <s> New Taipei <p> shares border with <o> Yilan County <s> New Taipei <p> shares border with <o> Keelung <s> New Taipei <p> country <o> Taiwan <s> New Taipei <p> language used <o> Standard Taiwanese Mandarin <s> New Taipei <p> language used <o> Taiwanese Hokkien <s> New Taipei <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cincinnati <s> New Taipei <p> instance of <o> city <s> New Taipei <p> capital <o> Banqiao District <s> New Taipei <p> instance of <o> satellite city <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shiding District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sanxia District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shenkeng District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sanzhi District <s> New Taipei <p> instance of <o> million city <s> New Taipei <p> language used <o> Amis <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tamsui <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Taishan District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shulin District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimen District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bali District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yingge District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Banqiao District <s> New Taipei <p> shares border with <o> Taoyuan <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shuangxi District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Linkou District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jinshan District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gongliao District <s> New Taipei <p> part of <o> Northern Taiwan <s> New Taipei <p> topic's main category <o> Category:New Taipei <s> New Taipei <p> replaces <o> Taipei County <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wugu District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wanli District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yonghe District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Xizhi District <s> New Taipei <p> replaces <o> Taihoku Prefecture <s> New Taipei <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from New Taipei <s> New Taipei <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in New Taipei <s> New Taipei <p> language used <o> Taiwanese Hakka <s> New Taipei <p> language used <o> Atayal <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Xinzhuang District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tucheng District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Xindian District <s> New Taipei <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of New Taipei <s> New Taipei <p> head of government <o> Hou Yu-ih <s> New Taipei <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Erchong Floodway <s> New Taipei <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Sanxia River <s> New Taipei <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tamsui River <s> New Taipei <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Xindian River <s> New Taipei <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Dahan River <s> New Taipei <p> instance of <o> largest city <s> New Taipei <p> permanent duplicated item <o> New Taipei City <s> New Taipei <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in New Taipei <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Zhonghe District <s> New Taipei <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of New Taipei <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pingxi District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Luzhou District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sanchong District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pinglin District <s> New Taipei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ruifang District <s> New Taipei <p> instance of <o> special municipality <s> New Taipei <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Yingge Creek <s> New Taipei <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Linzi River <s> New Taipei <p> legislative body <o> New Taipei City Council <s> New Taipei <p> executive body <o> New Taipei City Government <s> Covington <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Covington <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Covington <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Covington <p> described by source <o> The American Cyclopædia <s> Covington <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Covington <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Ohio River <s> Covington <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Covington, Kentucky <s> Covington <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Covington <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> Covington <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> Covington <p> flag <o> flag of Covington <s> Covington <p> capital of <o> Kenton County <s> Covington <p> shares border with <o> Newport <s> Covington <p> shares border with <o> Fort Wright <s> Covington <p> shares border with <o> Ludlow <s> Covington <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Covington, Kentucky <s> Covington <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kenton County <s> Norwood <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Norwood <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> Norwood <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Norwood, Ohio <s> Norwood <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Norwood <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Norwood <p> instance of <o> city of Ohio <s> Norwood <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Hamilton County <s> Norwood <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Norwood, Ohio <s> Ludlow <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> Ludlow <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Ludlow <p> shares border with <o> Covington <s> Ludlow <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> Ludlow <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kenton County <s> Ludlow <p> shares border with <o> Bromley <s> Bromley <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Bromley <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> Bromley <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> Bromley <p> shares border with <o> Ludlow <s> Bromley <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kenton County <s> North College Hill <p> country <o> United States of America <s> North College Hill <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> North College Hill <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> North College Hill <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Hamilton County <s> Category:Deaths in Cincinnati <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Cincinnati <p> category combines topics <o> Cincinnati <s> Category:Deaths in Cincinnati <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Cincinnati <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Dayton <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Dayton <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Dayton <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Dayton, Kentucky <s> Dayton <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> Dayton <p> flag <o> flag of Dayton <s> Dayton <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> Dayton <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Campbell County <s> Villa Hills <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Villa Hills <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> Villa Hills <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> Villa Hills <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kenton County </Graph>

<Text> :Tijuana is the largest city in the state of Baja California located on the northwestern Pacific Coast of Mexico. Tijuana is the municipal seat of the Tijuana Municipality and the hub of the Tijuana metropolitan area. It has a close proximity to the Mexico-United States border, which is part of the San Diego-Tijuana metro area. Tijuana is the 47th largest city in the Americas and is the westernmost city in Mexico. According to the 2015 census, the Tijuana metropolitan area was the fifth-largest in Mexico, with a population of 1,840,710, but rankings vary, the city itself was 6th largest and the municipality third largest nationally. The international metropolitan region was estimated at 5,158,459 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in The Californias, 19th-largest metropolitan area in the Americas, and the largest bi-national conurbation that is shared between US and Mexico. Tijuana is the second most populous city in Mexico and center of the 6th-largest metro area in Mexico, The city is one of the fastest-growing metro areas in the country and rated as a "High Sufficiency" global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. As of September 2019, the city of Tijuana had a population of 1,810,645, with its metropolitan area containing a population of 2,157,853 as of 2020, an estimated 2,002,000 within the urban area. Tijuana traces its modern history to the arrival of Spanish colonists in the 16th century who were mapping the coast of the Californias. Following the division of the Californias after the American Conquest of California, Tijuana found itself located on an international border, giving rise to a new economic and political structure. The city was incorporated on 11 July 1889 as urban development began. The city has served as a major tourist destination since the 1880s. Today, Tijuana is a dominant manufacturing center for North America, hosting facilities of many multinational conglomerate companies. In the early 21st century, Tijuana has emerged as the medical device manufacturing capital of North America and is increasingly recognized as an important cultural Mecca for the border region of The Californias. The city is the most visited border city in the world, sharing a border of about 24 km with its sister city San Diego. More than fifty million people cross the border between these two cities every year. Despite its popularity as a tourist destination, Tijuana is a hotbed of crime, especially violent crime, due to the extensive presence of organized crime and Mexican cartels. It regularly ranks among the most violent cities by homicide rate. According to Statista in August 2023, Tijuana presently has the second highest homicide rate in the world. The U.S. State Department maintains a travel advisory warning as of September 2023 relating to the city's "non-tourist areas." Incidents involving the murder or kidnapping of foreigners since the 2000s have also sparked travel fears and affected Tijuana's status among international tourists. New Taipei City is a special municipality located in northern Taiwan. The city is home to an estimated population of 4,004,367 as of January 2023, making it the most populous city in Taiwan, and also the second largest special municipality by area, behind Kaohsiung. New Taipei City borders Keelung to the northeast, Yilan County to the southeast, and Taoyuan to the southwest, and completely encloses the city of Taipei. Banqiao District is its municipal seat and biggest commercial area. Before the Spanish and Dutch started arriving in Taiwan and set up small outposts in Tamsui in 1626, the area of present-day New Taipei City was mostly inhabited by Taiwanese indigenous peoples, mainly the Ketagalan people. From the late Qing era, the port of Tamsui was opened up to foreign traders as one of the treaty ports after the Qing dynasty of China signed the Treaty of Tientsin in June 1858. By the 1890s, the port of Tamsui accounted for 63 percent of the overall trade for entire Taiwan, port towns in the middle course of Tamsui River had also developed into bustling business and transportation centers. During the Japanese rule of Taiwan, the entire area of New Taipei City was organized as part of the Taihoku Prefecture. After the Republic of China took control of Taiwan in 1945, the present-day New Taipei City was designated on 7 January 1946 as Taipei County in Taiwan Province, which was constituted from the former Taihoku Prefecture, but not including present-day divisions of Taipei City, Keelung and Yilan County, the latter which became detached from Taipei County on 10 October 1950. Its county status remained until 25 December 2010 when it was promoted to special municipal status and renamed as "New Taipei City". New Taipei City is a conurbation which was merged from numbers of regiopolis, suburban business districts or commuter towns to form one continuous polycentric urban area. Together with cities of Taipei and Keelung, New Taipei City constitutes most of the Taipei-Keelung metropolitan area which spans from the island's northern coastline to the mountainous Xueshan Range, and encompasses the entire Taipei Basin within its boundaries. The city is well-connected to other major cities in proximity or other parts of the island by various public transports such as Metro services, high-speed rail and an airport line commuting to Taoyuan International Airport, a major hub airport in northern Taiwan. The Port of Taipei, an artificial international seaport, is situated in the northwestern coast of the city in Bali District. New Taipei City was known as Taipei County before its promotion to special municipality status in 2010. The name of the new municipality was at first rendered in English as Xinbei City via pinyin romanization, but both candidates for the city's first mayoral election opposed the name. Consequently, citing public opinion, the inaugural mayor, Eric Chu, requested and received approval from the Ministry of the Interior to render the name in English as New Taipei City. This rendering became official on 31 December 2010. Ludlow is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England. It is located 28 miles south of Shrewsbury and 23 miles north of Hereford, on the A49 road which bypasses the town. The town is near the confluence of the rivers Corve and Teme. The oldest part is the medieval walled town, founded in the late 11th century after the Norman conquest of England. It is centred on a small hill which lies on the eastern bank of a bend of the River Teme. Situated on this hill are Ludlow Castle and the parish church, St Laurence's, the largest in the county. From there the streets slope downward to the rivers Corve and Teme, to the north and south respectively. The town is in a sheltered spot beneath Mortimer Forest and the Clee Hills, which are clearly visible from the town. Ludlow has nearly 500 listed buildings, including examples of medieval and Tudor-style half-timbered buildings. The town was described by Sir John Betjeman as "probably the loveliest town in England". The thirteenth century romance Fouke le Fitz Waryn records that Ludlow had been called Dinam "for a very long time". It is also known that Ludlow Castle was originally named Dinham Castle when it was constructed in the eleventh century, even today the area immediately south of the castle retains the original name. Samuel Lewis states that while Leadlowe and Ludlowe were the Saxon names for the town, the British name was Dinam, which he translates as "The Palace of Princes". The Modern Welsh name for the town is Llwydlo. Bromley is a large town in South East Greater London, England, within the London Borough of Bromley. It is 9+1/2 miles southeast of Charing Cross, and had an estimated population of 88,000 as of 2023. Originally part of Kent, Bromley became a market town, chartered in 1158. Its location on a coaching route and the opening of a railway station in 1858 were key to its development and the shift from an agrarian village to an urban town. As part of the growth of London's conurbation in the 20th century, Bromley Town significantly increased in population and was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1903 and became part of the London Borough of Bromley in 1965. Bromley today forms a major retail and commercial centre. It is identified in the London Plan as one of the 13 metropolitan centres of Greater London. Bromley is first recorded in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 862 as Bromleag and means 'woodland clearing where broom grows'. It shares this Old English etymology with Great Bromley in eastern Essex, but not with the Bromley in the East End of London. The history of Bromley is closely connected with the See of Rochester. In AD 862 Ethelbert, the King of Kent, granted land to form the Manor of Bromley. In 1185 Bromley Palace was built by Gilbert Glanvill, Bishop of Rochester. Pilgrims came to the town to visit St. Blaise's Well. The Palace was held by the Bishops until 1845, when Coles Child, a wealthy local merchant and philanthropist, purchased Bromley Palace and became lord of the manor. The town was an important coaching stop on the way to Hastings from London, and the now defunct Royal Bell Hotel is referred to in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. It was a quiet rural village until the arrival of the railway in 1858 in Shortlands, which led to rapid growth, and outlying suburban districts such as Bickley were developed to accommodate those wishing to live so conveniently close to London. North College Hill is a city in Hamilton County in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio approximately ten miles north of downtown Cincinnati. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 9,663. The city takes its name from its proximity to the Cincinnati neighborhood of College Hill which borders it to the south. One of the first easterners to survey the area was John Cleves Symmes, a judge and former Congressman from New Jersey, after whom Symmes Township is named. Symmes visited the area in 1787 and received tentative permission from the new Federal government to purchase a section of land between the Little Miami and Great Miami Rivers. This tract became known as the "Symmes Purchase" or "Miami Purchase" and extended south to the Ohio River. Several of the pioneers who migrated across the midwest to claim a part of Symmes' tract are buried in North College Hill's oldest landmark, the LaBoiteaux-Cary cemetery. Established in approximately 1806, the cemetery includes the graves of two Revolutionary War veterans and several members of the Cary family. The last burial in the cemetery was in 1860. In 1813-14, William Cary, having migrated from New Hampshire to Cincinnati in 1802, purchased 491 acres north of Cincinnati along what is now Hamilton Avenue . Cary built a log cabin and moved his family to this "wilderness," then known as Mill Creek Township. Dayton is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Ohio, United States. A small part of the city extends into Greene County. As of the 2020 census, the city proper had a population of 137,644, making it the sixth-most populous city in Ohio. It anchors the state's fourth-largest metropolitan area, the Dayton metropolitan area, which had 814,049 residents. Dayton is located within Ohio's Miami Valley region, 50 miles north of Cincinnati and 60 miles west of Columbus. Dayton was founded in 1796 along the Great Miami River and named after Jonathan Dayton, a Founding Father who owned a significant amount of land in the area. It grew in the 19th century as a canal town and was home to many patents and inventors, most notably the Wright brothers, who developed the first successful motor-operated airplane. It later developed an industrialized economy and was home to the Dayton Project, a branch of the larger Manhattan Project, to develop polonium triggers used in early atomic bombs. With the decline of heavy manufacturing in the late 20th century, Dayton's businesses have diversified into a service economy. Ohio's borders are within 500 miles of roughly 60 percent of the country's population and manufacturing infrastructure, making Dayton a logistics hub. The city is home to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, a significant contributor to research and development in the industrial, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering fields. Along with defense and aerospace, healthcare accounts for much of the Dayton area's economy. Significant institutions in Dayton include the Air Force Institute of Technology, Carillon Historical Park, Dayton Art Institute, Dayton Performing Arts Alliance, National Museum of the United States Air Force, and University of Dayton. Dayton was founded on April 1, 1796, by 12 settlers known as the Thompson Party. They traveled in March from Cincinnati up the Great Miami River by pirogue and landed at what is now St. Clair Street, where they found two small camps of Native Americans. Among the Thompson Party was Benjamin Van Cleve, whose memoirs provide insights into the Ohio Valley's history. Two other groups traveling overland arrived several days later. The oldest surviving building is Newcom Tavern, which was used for various purposes, including housing Dayton's first church, which is still in existence. As of the census of 2000, there were 7,948 people, 2,808 households, and 2,209 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,144.3 inhabitants per square mile . There were 2,855 housing units at an average density of 770.2 per square mile . The racial makeup of the city was 97.52% White, 0.45% African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.94% Asian, 0.16% from other races, and 0.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.84% of the population. There were 2,808 households, out of which 38.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.6% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.3% were non-families. 18.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.20. In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 29.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $73,523, and the median income for a family was $79,810. Males had a median income of $60,792 versus $34,949 for females. The per capita income for the city was $34,373. About 1.5% of families and 2.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.1% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> history of Cincinnati <p> country <o> United States of America <s> history of Cincinnati <p> facet of <o> Cincinnati <s> history of Cincinnati <p> instance of <o> history of a city <s> history of Cincinnati <p> topic's main category <o> Category:History of Cincinnati <s> Gifu <p> country <o> Japan <s> Gifu <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Gifu <p> capital of <o> Gifu Prefecture <s> Gifu <p> Köppen climate classification <o> humid subtropical climate <s> Gifu <p> official symbol <o> Salvia splendens <s> Gifu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Thunder Bay <s> Gifu <p> official symbol <o> Castanopsis cuspidata <s> Gifu <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Nōbi Plain <s> Gifu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cincinnati <s> Gifu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Campinas <s> Gifu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Florence <s> Gifu <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Gifu <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Gifu Prefecture <s> Gifu <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Gifu <p> shares border with <o> Kakamigahara <s> Gifu <p> shares border with <o> Mizuho <s> Gifu <p> shares border with <o> Yamagata <s> Gifu <p> named after <o> Qufu <s> Gifu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Meidling <s> Gifu <p> instance of <o> core city of Japan <s> Gifu <p> named after <o> Qishan County <s> Gifu <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Gifu <p> shares border with <o> Hashima <s> Gifu <p> shares border with <o> Motosu <s> Gifu <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Nagara River <s> Gifu <p> part of <o> Gifu metropolitan area <s> Gifu <p> shares border with <o> Kasamatsu <s> Gifu <p> shares border with <o> Kitagata <s> Gifu <p> shares border with <o> Ginan <s> Gifu <p> highest point <o> Mount Dodo <s> Gifu <p> shares border with <o> Ogaki <s> Gifu <p> foods traditionally associated <o> Viet Cong Ramen <s> Gifu <p> foods traditionally associated <o> myōga bochi <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Misato <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Yanaizu <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Nanasato <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Shima <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Hino <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Atsumi <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Tokiwa <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Iwa <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Gōdo <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Ichihashi <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Hikie <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Iwanoda <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Katagata <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Minaminagamori <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Kanō <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Kitanagamori <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Noritake <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Kamikanō <s> Gifu <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gifu <s> Gifu <p> head of government <o> Masanao Shibahashi <s> Gifu <p> shares border with <o> Seki <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Kida <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Honjō <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Saigō <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Nagara <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Akutami <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Ajiro <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Kagashima <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Akanabe <s> Gifu <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Ijira River <s> Gifu <p> instance of <o> city for international conferences and tourism <s> Gifu <p> instance of <o> prefectural capital of Japan <s> Gifu <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Mugi River <s> Gifu <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tsubo River <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Kurono <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Miwa <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Uzura <s> Gifu <p> replaces <o> Sagiyama <s> Gifu <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Gifu <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Gifu <s> Gifu <p> language used <o> Mino dialect <s> Gifu <p> foods traditionally associated <o> Ikadabae <s> Gifu <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Gifu <s> Gifu <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Gifu <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Gifu <s> Gifu <p> associated electoral district <o> Gifu 3rd district <s> Gifu <p> associated electoral district <o> Gifu 1st district <s> Spencer Township <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Spencer Township <p> instance of <o> township of Ohio <s> Spencer Township <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> Spencer Township <p> instance of <o> civil township <s> Spencer Township <p> named after <o> Oliver Spencer <s> Spencer Township <p> shares border with <o> Anderson Township <s> Spencer Township <p> shares border with <o> Millcreek Township <s> Spencer Township <p> shares border with <o> Columbia Township <s> Spencer Township <p> separated from <o> Columbia Township <s> Spencer Township <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Hamilton County <s> Storrs Township <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> Storrs Township <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Storrs Township <p> shares border with <o> Millcreek Township <s> Storrs Township <p> shares border with <o> Delhi Township <s> Storrs Township <p> instance of <o> township of Ohio <s> Storrs Township <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Hamilton County <s> Storrs Township <p> separated from <o> Cincinnati Township <s> Storrs Township <p> named after <o> Abigail Maria Storrs <s> Aftab Pureval <p> instance of <o> human <s> Aftab Pureval <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> English <s> Aftab Pureval <p> country of citizenship <o> United States of America <s> Aftab Pureval <p> member of political party <o> Democratic Party <s> Aftab Pureval <p> given name <o> Karma <s> Aftab Pureval <p> occupation <o> politician <s> Aftab Pureval <p> eye color <o> black <s> Aftab Pureval <p> occupation <o> lawyer <s> Aftab Pureval <p> candidacy in election <o> 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio <s> Aftab Pureval <p> candidacy in election <o> 2021 Cincinnati mayoral election <s> Aftab Pureval <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Aftab Pureval <p> educated at <o> Beavercreek High School <s> Aftab Pureval <p> place of birth <o> Xenia <s> Aftab Pureval <p> educated at <o> University of Cincinnati College of Law <s> Aftab Pureval <p> residence <o> Clifton <s> Aftab Pureval <p> position held <o> mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio <s> Aftab Pureval <p> educated at <o> Ohio State University <s> Aftab Pureval <p> given name <o> Aftab <s> Aftab Pureval <p> family name <o> Pureval <s> Aftab Pureval <p> given name <o> Singh <s> Aftab Pureval <p> employer <o> City of Cincinnati <s> Category:Births in Cincinnati, Ohio <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Births in Cincinnati, Ohio <p> category combines topics <o> Cincinnati <s> Category:Births in Cincinnati, Ohio <p> category combines topics <o> place of birth <s> Category:Births in Cincinnati, Ohio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Netanya <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:00 <s> Netanya <p> country <o> Israel <s> Netanya <p> instance of <o> city <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nowy Sącz <s> Netanya <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dortmund <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Como <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Minsk <s> Netanya <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Netanya <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Addis Ababa <s> Netanya <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Netanya <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Giessen <s> Netanya <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Netanya <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cáceres <s> Netanya <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Netanya <s> Netanya <p> owner of <o> Yeshurun Hall <s> Netanya <p> owner of <o> Sar-Tov Stadium <s> Netanya <p> owner of <o> Netanya Stadium <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gelendzhik <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Stavanger Municipality <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Batumi <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nice <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cincinnati <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brașov <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Iași <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gold Coast <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sarcelles <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bournemouth <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Poděbrady <s> Netanya <p> instance of <o> human settlement <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Siófok <s> Netanya <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Netanya <p> head of government <o> Miriam Feirberg <s> Netanya <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> HaSharon subdistrict <s> Netanya <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sunny Isles Beach <s> mayor–council government <p> subclass of <o> municipal government <s> mayor–council government <p> instance of <o> form of government <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> legal form <o> 501(c)(3) organization <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> location of formation <o> Washington, D.C. <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> headquarters location <o> Washington, D.C. <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> instance of <o> nonprofit organization <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> instance of <o> order of chivalry <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> instance of <o> patriotic society <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> described by source <o> The American Cyclopædia <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> described by source <o> The Encyclopedia Americana <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> founded by <o> Henry Knox <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> named after <o> Cincinnatus <s> Society of the Cincinnati <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> country <o> United States of America <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> color <o> blue <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> color <o> red <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> depicts <o> C <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> depicts <o> Ohio River <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> color <o> white <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> depicts <o> sword <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> depicts <o> weighing scale <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> represents <o> Cincinnati <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Cincinnati <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> depicts <o> crown <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> instance of <o> municipal flag <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> based on <o> seal of Cincinnati <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> depicts <o> caduceus <s> flag of Cincinnati <p> represents <o> City of Cincinnati </Graph>

<Text> :Cincinnati began with the settlement of Columbia, Losantiville, and North Bend in the Northwest Territory of the United States beginning in late December 1788. The following year Fort Washington, named for George Washington, was established to protect the settlers. It was chartered as a town in 1802, and then incorporated as a city in 1819, when it was first called "Queen of the West". Located on the Ohio River, the city prospered as it met the needs of westward bound pioneers who traveled on the river. It had 30 warehouses to supply military and civilian travelers -- and had hotels, restaurants and taverns to meet their lodging and dining needs. Cincinnati became the sixth largest city in the United States, with a population of 115,435, by 1850. Before the Civil War, it was an important stop on the Underground Railroad. Due to the Defense of Cincinnati, there was never a shot fired in the city during the Civil War. Important industries throughout its history include meatpacking, iron production, steamboat repair and construction, carriage manufacturing, woodworking, cloth production, and engines. During World War I and II, Cincinnatians rallied to serve in the military, manufacture and produce supplies needed by the military, conserve scarce goods, buy Liberty Bonds, and donate to relief funds. There were increased opportunities for women and blacks during World War II, which ultimately shifted their social position after the war. The city is now a regional and national headquarters for many organizations. Gifu is a city located in the south-central portion of Gifu Prefecture, Japan, and serves as the prefectural capital. The city has played an important role in Japan's history because of its location in the middle of the country. During the Sengoku period, various warlords, including Oda Nobunaga, used the area as a base in an attempt to unify and control Japan. Gifu continued to flourish even after Japan's unification as both an important shukuba along the Edo period Nakasendo and, later, as one of Japan's fashion centers. It has been designated a core city by the national government. Located on the alluvial plain of the Nagara River, Gifu has taken advantage of the surrounding natural resources to create both traditional industries and tourism opportunities such as cormorant fishing. Mount Kinka, one of the city's major symbols, is home to a nationally designated forest and Gifu Castle, a replica of Nobunaga's former castle. Gifu also hosts many festivals and events throughout the year. Two major rail lines connect Gifu to Japan's national and international transportation infrastructure. JR Central's Tokaido Main Line runs through the city, connecting it with Nagoya, one of Japan's largest cities, and the surrounding area. The city has a direct train route to Chubu Centrair International Airport and facilities capable of hosting international events. Gifu has active relationships with six sister cities. As of 1 June 2019, the city has an estimated population of 401,534 in 178,246 households, and a population density of about 1,972 inhabitants per square kilometre . The total area of the city was 203.60 square kilometers . Storrs Township was a civil township in south-central Hamilton County, Ohio. It was established in 1835 and annexed to Cincinnati in 1870 but remained in nominal form until at least 1890 due to an oversight. Storrs Township was named after Abigail Maria Storrs, the wife of Ethan Stone. Stone was a lawyer who went into banking after becoming blind. He was a Federalist member of the Ohio General Assembly from 1805 to 1806 and became president of the Bank of Cincinnati in 1814. The land that would become Storrs Township was included in the 1794 Symmes Purchase. In 1810, Ethan Stone, an influential former state representative and investor, convinced the Ohio General Assembly to lease to him Section 29 of Cincinnati Township, which he would then sublet. The lease was amended in 1821, allowing him to rent the section for $40 annually for 99 years, renewable in perpetuity. It would prove lucrative to Stone. In 1835, Cincinnati Township was abolished due to annexations by the City of Cincinnati, and Storrs Township was erected from the western portion of Cincinnati Township that included the Stone estate. The same year, Sedamsville was incorporated as a village within the township limits. Aftab Karma Singh Pureval is an American attorney and politician serving as the 70th mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio, since January 4, 2022. On January 14, 2021, he declared his candidacy for the 2021 Cincinnati mayoral election. On November 2, 2021, with 65.8% of the vote, he was elected as mayor making him the first Asian American to be elected as the mayor of Cincinnati. He was previously a candidate for Ohio's 1st congressional district in 2018. Aftab Karma Singh Pureval was born on September 9, 1982, in Xenia, Ohio. When he was four years old, his family moved to nearby Beavercreek. His parents were both immigrants; his father Devinder Singh Pureval came from India, and his mother Drenko was a refugee from Tibet. He has one brother named Avid. He was noted to have political ambitions from a young age; he won his first student government election in eighth grade running with the slogan "Big, Brown and Beautiful". Running for class president as senior at Beavercreek High School, he faced anti-immigrant rhetoric when his opponent used the slogan "Vote for the American candidate." He said he was "shocked" at the time, but he won the race. In 2001, he had a minor acting role in the independent film Blue Car. Pureval enrolled at Ohio State University in 2001. As a freshman, he was an intern for the Undergraduate Student Government , and later served as the organization's intern director and chief of staff. During his senior year he was elected USG President. He graduated from Ohio State in Spring 2005 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science. In 2005, he enrolled at University of Cincinnati College of Law, where he served as editor of the university's law review journal while working at the Warren County Domestic Relations Court. He ultimately earned his Juris Doctor in 2008. Netanya is a city in the Northern Central District of Israel, and is the capital of the surrounding Sharon plain. It is 30 km north of Tel Aviv, and 56 km south of Haifa, between the Poleg stream and the Wingate Institute in the south and the Avihayil stream in the north. Netanya was named in honor of Nathan Straus, a prominent Jewish American merchant and philanthropist in the early 20th century who was the co-owner of Macy's department store. Its 14 km of beaches have made the city a popular tourist resort. In 2021, it had a population of 224,066, making it the 7th-largest city in Israel by population. An additional 150,000 people live in the local and regional councils within 10 km of Netanya, which serves as a regional center for them. The city mayor is Miriam Feirberg. Before the 20th century, parts of Netanya belonged to the Forest of Sharon, a hallmark of the region's historical landscape. It was an open woodland dominated by Mount Tabor Oak , which extended from Kfar Yona in the north to Ra'ananna in the south. The local Palestinian inhabitants traditionally used the area for pasture, firewood and intermittent cultivation. The intensification of settlement and agriculture in the coastal plain during the 19th century led to deforestation and subsequent environmental degradation known from Hebrew sources. Netanya was established near the ancient site of Poleg by the Bnei Binyamin association in Zikhron Ya'akov. It was named in honor of Nathan Straus , co-owner of Macy's department store, New York City Parks Commissioner, and president of the New York City Board of Health, who gifted two-thirds of his personal fortune to projects benefiting Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine. "Netanya...was named for Straus in the hope he would donate money to them. When he told them he had no more money to give they were disappointed, but decided to keep the city's name anyway." A mayor-council government is a system of local government in which a mayor who is directly elected by the voters acts as chief executive, while a separately elected city council constitutes the legislative body. It is one of the two most common forms of local government in the United States, and is the form most frequently adopted in large cities, although the other common form, council-manager government, is the local government form of more municipalities. The form may be categorized into two main variations depending on the relative power of the mayor compared to the council. In a typical strong-mayor system, the elected mayor is granted almost total administrative authority with the power to appoint and dismiss department heads. In such a system, the mayor's administrative staff prepares the city budget, although that budget usually must be approved by the council. Conversely, in a weak-mayor system, the mayor has no formal authority outside the council, serving a largely ceremonial role as council chairperson. The mayor cannot directly appoint or remove officials, and lacks veto power over council votes. The Society of the Cincinnati is a fraternal, hereditary society founded in 1783 to commemorate the American Revolutionary War that saw the creation of the United States. Membership is largely restricted to descendants of military officers who served in the Continental Army. The Society has thirteen constituent societies in the United States and one in France. It was founded to perpetuate "the remembrance of this vast event" , "to preserve inviolate those exalted rights and liberties of human nature," and "to render permanent the cordial affection subsisting among the officers" of the Continental Army who served in the Revolutionary War. Now in its third century, the Society promotes public interest in the Revolution through its library and museum collections, publications, and other activities. It is the oldest patriotic, hereditary society in America. The Society is named after Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, who left his farm to accept a term as Roman Consul and served as Magister Populi . He assumed lawful dictatorial control of Rome to meet a war emergency. When the battle was won, he returned power to the Senate and went back to plowing his fields. The Society's motto reflects that ethic of selfless service: Omnia reliquit servare rempublicam . The Society has had three goals: "To preserve the rights so dearly won; to promote the continuing union of the states; and to assist members in need, their widows, and their orphans." The flag of Cincinnati shall be rectangular in shape. It shall have a white groundwork. In the center shall be a red letter "C". Extending horizontally from either side of the letter "C" shall be three wavy parallel lines of navy blue. Within the letter "C" shall be the seal of the city of Cincinnati in blue. Extending upward from a point at the top of the letter "C" and spaced equally from its center line shall be a cluster of five buckeye leaves in red. The proportional dimensions of the flag and of its various parts shall be according to the official design thereof on file in the council chamber of the city of Cincinnati. The blue waves represent the Ohio River, upon which the city was founded. The red "C" in the center stands for Cincinnati and a red buckeye leaf rests atop the letter to symbolize the State of Ohio. The center of the C features the seal of Cincinnati as it was at the flag's introduction in 1896. On November 23, 1895, The Cincinnati Times-Star ran an editorial proposing a contest to choose a flag for the city, offering a $50 prize . Mayor John A. Caldwell appointed a Flag Commission to judge submissions. At least 50 designs were submitted by local artists, but only four won conditional approval. Many designs were rejected for being too elaborate or for symbolizing the Queen City with a crown, a device the mayor considered inappropriate for a U.S. city. On January 24, 1896, the commission awarded the $50 to "Zero of Burnet Woods", Emil Rothengatter , for the design that is in use today. A German immigrant, Rothengatter was a foreman at Russell Morgan Lithographing Company and an influential designer of circus posters during the heyday of that genre. The Enquirer, the Times-Star's commercial and political rival, registered vehement opposition to the proposed flag. Editorials and interviewees protested that any local flag would compete with the Stars and Stripes and even replace it in some contexts. However, Mayor Caldwell was careful to describe the flag as a mere logo to advertise the city. There was also concern that Cincinnati would be unable to protect the flag's design from misuse. Cleveland had recently adopted a municipal flag, only to see it immediately trademarked by a cigar manufacturer; the Enquirer warned that a brewery intended to do likewise in Cincinnati. It was unknown whether a municipal government could secure a copyright for its flag. For its part, the Cleveland Plain Dealer dismissed the flag as a "garter". </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Newport <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Newport <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Campbell County <s> Newport <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Newport <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Newport <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Newport, Kentucky <s> Newport <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Ohio River <s> Newport <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> Newport <p> flag <o> flag of Newport <s> Newport <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> Newport <p> shares border with <o> Covington <s> Newport <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Newport, Kentucky <s> Newport <p> shares border with <o> Bellevue <s> Newport <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Newport <p> described by source <o> New Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Newport <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Newport <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Newport <p> described by source <o> The American Cyclopædia <s> Newport <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Newport, Kentucky <s> Fort Thomas <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Fort Thomas <p> different from <o> Fort Thomas <s> Fort Thomas <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Fort Thomas, Kentucky <s> Fort Thomas <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Fort Thomas, Kentucky <s> Fort Thomas <p> named after <o> Fort Thomas <s> Fort Thomas <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> Fort Thomas <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> Fort Thomas <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Campbell County <s> Fort Thomas <p> named after <o> George Henry Thomas <s> Fort Thomas <p> flag <o> flag of Fort Thomas <s> City of Cincinnati <p> country <o> United States of America <s> City of Cincinnati <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Cincinnati <s> City of Cincinnati <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Cincinnati <s> City of Cincinnati <p> headquarters location <o> Cincinnati City Hall <s> City of Cincinnati <p> flag <o> flag of Cincinnati <s> City of Cincinnati <p> legislative body <o> Cincinnati City Council <s> City of Cincinnati <p> has subsidiary <o> Cincinnati Police Department <s> City of Cincinnati <p> has subsidiary <o> Cincinnati Health Department <s> City of Cincinnati <p> instance of <o> municipal government <s> City of Cincinnati <p> member of <o> Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Regional Council of Governments <s> City of Cincinnati <p> item operated <o> Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati <s> City of Cincinnati <p> item operated <o> Wesleyan Cemetery <s> City of Cincinnati <p> has subsidiary <o> Cincinnati Department of Transportation & Engineering <s> City of Cincinnati <p> has subsidiary <o> Cincinnati Department of City Planning and Engagement <s> City of Cincinnati <p> has subsidiary <o> Greater Cincinnati Water Works <s> City of Cincinnati <p> has subsidiary <o> Cincinnati Recreation Commission <s> City of Cincinnati <p> has subsidiary <o> Cincinnati Enterprise Technology Solutions Department <s> City of Cincinnati <p> has subsidiary <o> Cincinnati Historic Conservation Board <s> City of Cincinnati <p> has subsidiary <o> Cincinnati Fire Department <s> City of Cincinnati <p> has subsidiary <o> Cincinnati Department of Public Services <s> City of Cincinnati <p> affiliation <o> Cincinnati Park Board <s> City of Cincinnati <p> has part(s) <o> Cincinnati City Council <s> City of Cincinnati <p> affiliation <o> Cincinnati Public Schools <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Cincinnati Municipal Lunken Airport <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Ida Street Viaduct <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Cincinnati City Hall <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Cincinnati–Blue Ash Airport <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Riverfront Stadium <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Cincinnati Southern Railway <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Duke Energy Convention Center <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Connector <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Cincinnati Southern Bridge <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Cincinnati Street Gas Lamps <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Riverfront Transit Center <s> City of Cincinnati <p> has seal, badge, or sigil <o> seal of Cincinnati <s> City of Cincinnati <p> member of <o> Metropolitan Sewer District of Greater Cincinnati <s> City of Cincinnati <p> member of <o> Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority <s> City of Cincinnati <p> member of <o> Cincinnati Area Geographic Information System <s> City of Cincinnati <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Government of Cincinnati <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Hoffner Park <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Airport Playfield <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Steps of Cincinnati <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Avon Fields Golf Course <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Bicentennial Commons <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Cincinnati Union Terminal <s> City of Cincinnati <p> owner of <o> Western Hills Viaduct <s> City of Cincinnati <p> office held by head of the organization <o> mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio <s> mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio <p> country <o> United States of America <s> mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Cincinnati <s> mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio <p> instance of <o> public office <s> mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio <p> organization directed by the office or position <o> City of Cincinnati <s> mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio <p> subclass of <o> mayor of a place in Ohio <s> mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mayors of Cincinnati <s> mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio <p> officeholder <o> Aftab Pureval <s> mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Mayors of Cincinnati <s> mayor of Cincinnati, Ohio <p> has list <o> list of mayors of Cincinnati <s> Bellevue <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Bellevue <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> Bellevue <p> different from <o> Bellevue <s> Bellevue <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> Bellevue <p> shares border with <o> Newport <s> Bellevue <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Campbell County <s> Bellevue <p> located in time zone <o> Eastern Time Zone <s> Cheviot <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Cheviot <p> different from <o> Cheviot <s> Cheviot <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> Cheviot <p> instance of <o> city of Ohio <s> Cheviot <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Hamilton County <s> Cheviot <p> flag <o> flag of Cheviot <s> Cheviot <p> location <o> western Hamilton County <s> St. Bernard <p> country <o> United States of America <s> St. Bernard <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> St. Bernard <p> instance of <o> human settlement <s> St. Bernard <p> shares border with <o> Cincinnati <s> St. Bernard <p> flag <o> flag of St. Bernard <s> St. Bernard <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Hamilton County <s> looting <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> looting <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> looting <p> subclass of <o> theft <s> looting <p> practiced by <o> looter <s> looting <p> subclass of <o> capture <s> looting <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Looting <s> festival <p> properties for this type <o> participant <s> festival <p> properties for this type <o> has part(s) <s> festival <p> properties for this type <o> inception <s> festival <p> properties for this type <o> dissolved, abolished or demolished date <s> festival <p> properties for this type <o> organizer <s> festival <p> properties for this type <o> art director <s> festival <p> properties for this type <o> sponsor <s> festival <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> festival <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> festival <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> festival <p> Wikimedia outline <o> outline of festivals <s> festival <p> subclass of <o> recurring event <s> festival <p> category for eponymous categories <o> Category:Wikipedia categories named after festivals <s> festival <p> office held by head of the organization <o> commissioner <s> festival <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Festivals <s> festival <p> subclass of <o> public event <s> festival <p> described by source <o> Lean Logic <s> festival <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> festival <p> different from <o> festival organization <s> festival <p> different from <o> festival edition <s> festival <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Festival <s> festival <p> instance of <o> form of event <s> festival <p> has part(s) of the class <o> festival edition <s> festival <p> model item <o> Prismatic Arts Festival <s> holiday <p> subclass of <o> event <s> holiday <p> instance of <o> point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe <s> holiday <p> subclass of <o> point in time with respect to recurrent timeframe <s> holiday <p> subclass of <o> recurring event <s> holiday <p> instance of <o> annual event <s> holiday <p> has cause <o> tradition <s> holiday <p> has cause <o> law <s> holiday <p> has cause <o> religion <s> holiday <p> subclass of <o> non-working day <s> holiday <p> different from <o> Holiday <s> holiday <p> has characteristic <o> calendar date <s> holiday <p> opposite of <o> non-holiday <s> holiday <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> holiday <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> holiday <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> holiday <p> has use <o> celebration <s> holiday <p> topic's main template <o> template:Infobox holiday <s> holiday <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> holiday <p> described by source <o> Bible Encyclopedia of Archimandrite Nicephorus <s> holiday <p> has use <o> religious rite <s> holiday <p> opposite of <o> business day <s> holiday <p> partially coincident with <o> non-working day <s> holiday <p> opposite of <o> school day <s> holiday <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Name day <s> holiday <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Holidays <s> holiday <p> different from <o> vacation <s> holiday <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> holiday <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Holidays <s> holiday <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary </Graph>

<Text> :Cincinnati is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. Settled in 1788, the city is located in the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers, the latter of which marks the state line with Kentucky. The population of Cincinnati was 309,317 in 2020, making it the third-most populous city in Ohio after Columbus and Cleveland, and 65th in the United States. The city is the economic and cultural hub of the Cincinnati metropolitan area, Ohio's most populous metro area and the nation's 30th-largest with over 2.265 million residents. Throughout much of the 19th century, Cincinnati was among the top 10 U.S. cities by population. The city developed as a river town for cargo shipping by steamboats, located at the crossroads of the Northern and Southern United States with fewer immigrants and less influence from Europe than East Coast cities in the same period. However, it received a significant number of German-speaking immigrants, who founded many of the city's cultural institutions. It later developed an industrialized economy in manufacturing. Many structures in the urban core have remained intact for 200 years; in the late 1800s, Cincinnati was commonly referred to as the "Paris of America" due mainly to ambitious architectural projects such as the Music Hall, Cincinnatian Hotel, and Roebling Bridge. Cincinnati has the twenty-eighth largest economy in the United States and the fifth largest in the Midwest, home to several Fortune 500 companies including Kroger, Procter & Gamble, and Fifth Third Bank. It is home to three professional sports teams: the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball; the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League; and FC Cincinnati of Major League Soccer; it is also home to the Cincinnati Cyclones, a minor league ice hockey team. The city's largest institution of higher education, the University of Cincinnati, was founded in 1819 as a municipal college and is now ranked as one of the 50 largest in the United States. The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals is based in the city. Cincinnati is the birthplace of William Howard Taft, the 27th President and 10th Chief Justice of the United States. Recently, Cincinnati has been named among the 100 most livable cities in the world, at number 88, and is on many Best Places to Live lists, including Livability.com and U.S. News & World Report. Forbes ranked Cincinnati as the 5th best city for young professionals in 2023. Looting is the act of stealing, or the taking of goods by force, typically in the midst of a military, political, or other social crisis, such as war, natural disasters , or rioting. The proceeds of all these activities can be described as booty, loot, plunder, spoils, or pillage. During a disaster, police and military forces are sometimes unable to prevent looting when they are overwhelmed by humanitarian or combat concerns, or they cannot be summoned because of damaged communications infrastructure. Especially during natural disasters, many civilians may find themselves forced to take what does not belong to them in order to survive. How to respond to that and where the line between unnecessary "looting" and necessary "scavenging" lies are often dilemmas for governments. In other cases, looting may be tolerated or even encouraged by governments for political or other reasons, including religious, social or economic ones. Looting by a victorious army during war has been a common practice throughout recorded history. Foot soldiers viewed plunder as a way to supplement an often-meagre income and transferred wealth became part of the celebration of victory. In the wake of the Napoleonic Wars and particularly after World War II, norms against wartime plunder became widely accepted. In the upper ranks, the proud exhibition of the loot plundered formed an integral part of the typical Roman triumph, and Genghis Khan was not unusual in proclaiming that the greatest happiness was "to vanquish your enemies... to rob them of their wealth". A festival is an extraordinary event celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect or aspects of that community and its religion or cultures. It is often marked as a local or national holiday, mela, or eid. A festival constitutes typical cases of glocalization, as well as the high culture-low culture interrelationship. Next to religion and folklore, a significant origin is agricultural. Food is such a vital resource that many festivals are associated with harvest time. Religious commemoration and thanksgiving for good harvests are blended in events that take place in autumn, such as Halloween in the northern hemisphere and Easter in the southern. Festivals often serve to fulfill specific communal purposes, especially in regard to commemoration or thanking to the gods, goddesses or saints: they are called patronal festivals. They may also provide entertainment, which was particularly important to local communities before the advent of mass-produced entertainment. Festivals that focus on cultural or ethnic topics also seek to inform community members of their traditions; the involvement of elders sharing stories and experience provides a means for unity among families. Attendants of festivals are often motivated by a desire for escapism, socialization and camaraderie; the practice has been seen as a means of creating geographical connection, belonging and adaptability. The word gala comes from Arabic word khil'a, meaning robe of honor. The word gala was initially used to describe "festive dress", but came to be a synonym of "festival" starting in the 18th century. Festivals have long been significant in human culture and are found in virtually all cultures. The importance of festivals, to the present, is found in private and public; secular and religious life. Ancient Greek and Roman societies relied heavily upon festivals, both communal and administrative. Saturnalia was likely influential to Christmas and Carnival. Celebration of social occasions, religion and nature were common. Specific festivals have century-long histories and festivals in general have developed over the last few centuries - some traditional festivals in Ghana, for example, predate European colonisation of the 15th century. Festivals prospered following the Second World War. Both established in 1947, Avignon Festival and the Edinburgh Festival Fringe have been notable in shaping the modern model of festivals. Art festivals became more prominent by the turn of the 21st century. In modern times, festivals are commodified as a global tourist prospect although they are commonly public or not-for-profit. A holiday is a day or other period of time set aside for festivals or recreation. Public holidays are set by public authorities and vary by state or region. Religious holidays are set by religious organisations for their members and are often also observed as public holidays in religious majority countries. Some religious holidays, such as Christmas, have become secularised by part or all of those who observe them. In addition to secularisation, many holidays have become commercialised due to the growth of industry. Holidays can be thematic, celebrating or commemorating particular groups, events, or ideas, or non-thematic, days of rest that do not have any particular meaning. In Commonwealth English, the term can refer to any period of rest from work, such as vacations or school holidays. In American English, the holidays typically refers to the period from Thanksgiving to New Year's, which contains many important holidays in American culture. The word holiday has differing connotations in different regions. In the United States, the word is used exclusively to refer to the nationally, religiously, or culturally observed day of rest or celebration or the events themselves, whereas in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth nations, the word may refer to the period of time where leave from one's duties has been agreed upon and is used as a synonym for the US preferred vacation. This time is usually set aside for rest, travel, or participation in recreational activities, with entire industries targeted to coincide with or enhance these experiences. The days of leave may not coincide with any specific customs or laws. Employers and educational institutes may designate 'holidays' themselves, which may or may not overlap nationally or culturally relevant dates, which again comes under this connotation, but it is the first implication detailed that this article is concerned with. Modern use varies geographically. In North America, it means any dedicated day or period of celebration. In the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand, holiday is often used instead of the word vacation. The celebration of the New Year has been a common holiday across cultures for at least four millennia. Such holidays normally celebrate the last day of a year and the arrival of the next year in a calendar system. In modern cultures using the Gregorian calendar, the New Year's celebration spans New Year's Eve on 31 December and New Year's Day on 1 January. However, other calendar systems also have New Year's celebration, such as Chinese New Year and Vietnamese Tet. New Year's Day is the most common public holiday, observed by all countries using the Gregorian calendar except Israel. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> party <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> party <p> different from <o> party <s> party <p> subclass of <o> event <s> party <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Parties <s> party <p> different from <o> The Party <s> party <p> different from <o> Party <s> party <p> instance of <o> form of event <s> party <p> described by source <o> Metropolitan Museum of Art Tagging Vocabulary <s> patron saint <p> Wikidata property <o> patron saint <s> patron saint <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> patron saint <p> described by source <o> The Encyclopedia Americana <s> patron saint <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> patron saint <p> subclass of <o> Christian saint <s> patron saint <p> instance of <o> canonization status <s> patron saint <p> named after <o> patronus <s> patron saint <p> part of <o> The festival of the Santísima Trinidad del Señor Jesús del Gran Poder in the city of La Paz <s> patron saint <p> subclass of <o> tutelary spirit <s> patron saint <p> feast day <o> patronal festival <s> patron saint <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Patron saints <s> festa major <p> country <o> Spain <s> festa major <p> subclass of <o> holiday <s> festa major <p> subclass of <o> patronal festival <s> festa major <p> partially coincident with <o> patronal festival <s> festa major <p> subclass of <o> party <s> festa major <p> instance of <o> public holiday <s> seismic classification <p> Wikidata property <o> seismic classification <s> seismic classification <p> instance of <o> type of classification <s> seismic classification <p> subclass of <o> classification <s> regional economy <p> Wikidata property <o> economy of topic <s> regional economy <p> subclass of <o> economy <s> regional economy <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Infobox economy <s> regional economy <p> studied in <o> regional economics <s> regional economy <p> instance of <o> aspect in a geographic region <s> Category:Economy of Rome <p> category combines topics <o> Rome <s> Category:Economy of Rome <p> category combines topics <o> economy <s> Category:Economy of Rome <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia topic category <s> Category:Economy of Rome <p> category's main topic <o> economy of Rome <s> demographics of country or region <p> part of <o> demography <s> demographics of country or region <p> subclass of <o> demographics <s> demographics of country or region <p> Wikidata property <o> demographics of topic <s> demographics of country or region <p> facet of <o> geographic region <s> Seville Province <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of the province of Seville <s> Seville Province <p> country <o> Spain <s> Seville Province <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Andalusia <s> Seville Province <p> shares border with <o> Badajoz Province <s> Seville Province <p> shares border with <o> Córdoba Province <s> Seville Province <p> shares border with <o> Province of Huelva <s> Seville Province <p> shares border with <o> Cádiz Province <s> Seville Province <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Seville Province <p> capital <o> Seville <s> Seville Province <p> instance of <o> province of Spain <s> Seville Province <p> shares border with <o> Málaga Province <s> Seville Province <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fuentes de Andalucía <s> Seville Province <p> highest point <o> Terril <s> Seville Province <p> head of government <o> Fernando Rodríguez Villalobos <s> Seville Province <p> follows <o> Kingdom of Seville <s> Seville Province <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Province of Seville <s> Seville Province <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in the province of Seville <s> Seville Province <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Seville Province <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Seville Province <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Province of Seville <s> Seville Province <p> executive body <o> Diputación Provincial de Sevilla <s> Seville Province <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Seville Province <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in the Province of Seville <s> Andalusia <p> country <o> Spain <s> Andalusia <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> open data portal <o> Andalusia open data portal <s> Andalusia <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Spain <s> Andalusia <p> demographics of topic <o> Demographics of Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Andalusia <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Andalusia <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Atlantic Ocean <s> Andalusia <p> highest point <o> Mulhacén <s> Andalusia <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Andalusia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buenos Aires <s> Andalusia <p> official language <o> Spanish <s> Andalusia <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Baetic Depression <s> Andalusia <p> described by source <o> Catholic Encyclopedia <s> Andalusia <p> replaces <o> Kingdom of Granada <s> Andalusia <p> replaces <o> Kingdom of Seville <s> Andalusia <p> replaces <o> Kingdom of Córdoba <s> Andalusia <p> replaces <o> Kingdom of Jaén <s> Andalusia <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Baetic System <s> Andalusia <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Andalusia <p> different from <o> Andalucia <s> Andalusia <p> replaces <o> Intendancy of New Populations of Andalusia and Sierra Morena <s> Andalusia <p> shares border with <o> Gibraltar <s> Andalusia <p> public holiday <o> Andalusia Day <s> Andalusia <p> capital <o> Seville <s> Andalusia <p> shares border with <o> Castile-La Mancha <s> Andalusia <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> office held by head of government <o> President of the Junta of Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> shares border with <o> Region of Murcia <s> Andalusia <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Granada <s> Andalusia <p> described by source <o> Internetowa encyklopedia PWN <s> Andalusia <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Andalusia <p> instance of <o> autonomous community of Spain <s> Andalusia <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Andalusia <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Mediterranean Sea <s> Andalusia <p> described by source <o> Encyclopedic Lexicon <s> Andalusia <p> shares border with <o> Extremadura <s> Andalusia <p> geography of topic <o> geography of los pingüinos en los backrooms que me van a mascar <s> Andalusia <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Huelva <s> Andalusia <p> head of government <o> Juan Manuel Moreno <s> Andalusia <p> history of topic <o> history of Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Andalusia <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Andalusia <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Andalusia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Almería Province <s> Andalusia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Córdoba Province <s> Andalusia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cádiz Province <s> Andalusia <p> anthem <o> La bandera blanca y verde <s> Andalusia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Málaga Province <s> Andalusia <p> legislative body <o> Parliament of Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> Andalusia <p> archives at <o> General archive of Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> flag <o> flag of Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> executive body <o> Consejo de Gobierno de la Junta de Andalucía <s> Andalusia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jaén Province <s> Andalusia <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Andalusia <s> Andalusia <p> highest judicial authority <o> High Court of Justice of Andalusia <s> Canal de Alfonso XIII <p> country <o> Spain <s> Canal de Alfonso XIII <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> Canal de Alfonso XIII <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Andalusia <s> Canal de Alfonso XIII <p> instance of <o> canal </Graph>

<Text> :A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature food and beverages, and often conversation, music, dancing, or other forms of entertainment. Some parties are held in honor of a specific person, day, or event, such as a birthday party, a Super Bowl party, or a St. Patrick's Day party. Parties of this kind are often called celebrations. A party is not necessarily a private occasion. Public parties are sometimes held in restaurants, pubs, beer gardens, nightclubs, or bars, and people attending such parties may be charged an admission fee by the host. Large parties in public streets may celebrate events such as Mardi Gras or the signing of a peace treaty ending a long war. A birthday party is a celebration of the anniversary of the birth of the person who is being honored. While there is historical precedent for birthday parties for the rich and powerful throughout history, the tradition extended to middle-class Americans around the nineteenth century and took on more modern norms and traditions in the twentieth century. Birthday parties are now a feature of many cultures. In Western cultures, birthday parties include a number of common rituals. The guests may be asked to bring a gift for the honored person. Party locations are often decorated with colorful decorations, such as balloons and streamers. A birthday cake is usually served with lit candles that are to be blown out after a "birthday wish" has been made. The person being honored will be given the first piece of cake. While the birthday cake is being brought to the table, the song "Happy Birthday to You" or some other birthday song is sung by the guests. A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Catholicism, Lutheranism, Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or person. Saints often become the patrons of places where they were born or had been active. However, there were cases in medieval Europe where a city which grew to prominence and obtained for its cathedral the remains or some relics of a famous saint who had lived and was buried elsewhere, thus making them the city's patron saint - such a practice conferred considerable prestige on the city concerned. In Latin America and the Philippines, Spanish and Portuguese explorers often named a location for the saint on whose feast or commemoration day they first visited the place, with that saint naturally becoming the area's patron. Occupations sometimes have a patron saint who had been connected somewhat with it, although some of the connections were tenuous. Lacking such a saint, an occupation would have a patron whose acts or miracles in some way recall the profession. For example, when the previously unknown occupation of photography appeared in the 19th century, Saint Veronica was made its patron, owing to how her veil miraculously received the imprint of Christ's face after she wiped off the blood and sweat. The veneration or "commemoration" and recognition of patron saints or saints in general is found in Catholicism , Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, and among some Lutherans and Anglicans. According to the Catholic catechism a person's patron saint, having already attained the beatific vision, is able to intercede with God for their needs. A seismic hazard is the probability that an earthquake will occur in a given geographic area, within a given window of time, and with ground motion intensity exceeding a given threshold. With a hazard thus estimated, risk can be assessed and included in such areas as building codes for standard buildings, designing larger buildings and infrastructure projects, land use planning and determining insurance rates. The seismic hazard studies also may generate two standard measures of anticipated ground motion, both confusingly abbreviated MCE; the simpler probabilistic Maximum Considered Earthquake , used in standard building codes, and the more detailed and deterministic Maximum Credible Earthquake incorporated in the design of larger buildings and civil infrastructure like dams or bridges. It is important to clarify which MCE is being discussed. Calculations for determining seismic hazard were first formulated by C. Allin Cornell in 1968 and, depending on their level of importance and use, can be quite complex. The regional geology and seismology setting is first examined for sources and patterns of earthquake occurrence, both in depth and at the surface from seismometer records; secondly, the impacts from these sources are assessed relative to local geologic rock and soil types, slope angle and groundwater conditions. Zones of similar potential earthquake shaking are thus determined and drawn on maps. The well known San Andreas Fault is illustrated as a long narrow elliptical zone of greater potential motion, like many areas along continental margins associated with the Pacific ring of fire. Zones of higher seismicity in the continental interior may be the site for intraplate earthquakes) and tend to be drawn as broad areas, based on historic records, like the 1812 New Madrid earthquake, since specific causative faults are generally not identified as earthquake sources. Each zone is given properties associated with source potential: how many earthquakes per year, the maximum size of earthquakes , etc. Finally, the calculations require formulae that give the required hazard indicators for a given earthquake size and distance. For example, some districts prefer to use peak acceleration, others use peak velocity, and more sophisticated uses require response spectral ordinates. The computer program then integrates over all the zones and produces probability curves for the key ground motion parameter. The final result gives a 'chance' of exceeding a given value over a specified amount of time. Standard building codes for homeowners might be concerned with a 1 in 500 years chance, while nuclear plants look at the 10,000 year time frame. A longer-term seismic history can be obtained through paleoseismology. The results may be in the form of a ground response spectrum for use in seismic analysis. The Province of Seville is a province of southern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It borders the provinces of Malaga and Cadiz in the south, Huelva in the west, Badajoz in the north and Cordoba in the east. Seville is the province's as well as the Andalusian autonomous community's capital. Located on the southern bank of the Guadalquivir river, the city of Seville is the largest one in Andalusia. The former province of Andalusia was divided by the Moors into four separate kingdoms--Seville, Cordova, Jaen and Granada. Seville has the highest GDP among the provinces of Andalusia . The Provinces of Malaga and Cadiz are 2nd and 3rd respectively. The Port of Seville is of great economic importance to the province. The area of the province is 14,042 km2. Its population is 1,914,958 , of whom 40% live in the capital, Seville, and its population density is 125.25/km2. It contains 105 municipalities. The province shares the Parque Nacional de Donana with Huelva province. It also has the Sierra Norte de Sevilla Natural Park. The 177,484 hectares park is Andalusia's largest protected area. The Guadalquivir crosses the province from east to west. Guadiana, Pinta and Xenil are other important rivers. The northern part of the province is mostly mountainous. Seville has a warm Mediterranean climate with an annual average temperature of 18.5 degC. Winters are generally mild while summers are hot. The maximum temperatures in summer often surpass 40 degC. The locality of Ecija is popularly known as the "Frying Pan of Andalusia" for its torrid summers. Ecija is known for its high value of corn production. The province of Seville generates 1.92% of the Spanish hotel movement. In terms of tourism, the city of Seville is one of the leading cities in Andalusia, situated behind Barcelona and Madrid on a national level. In 208 B.C. the whole population of an outpost in the present town of Estepa burnt their houses and committed suicide before Romans attacked it. The capital city Seville is the world's most dense one in terms of Baroque churches. The Socialist Workers Party won the elections in the province from 1982 to 2000. In comparison to other Spanish provinces, Seville is underdeveloped. Andalusia @, -S@/; Spanish: Andalucia i) is the southernmost autonomous community in Peninsular Spain. Andalusia is located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomous community in the country. It is officially recognised as a historical nationality and a national reality. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Almeria, Cadiz, Cordoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaen, Malaga, and Seville. Its capital city is Seville. The seat of the High Court of Justice of Andalusia is located in the city of Granada. Andalusia is immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha; west of the autonomous community of Murcia and the Mediterranean Sea; east of Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean; and north of the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar. Gibraltar shares a 1.2 kilometres land border with the Andalusian portion of the province of Cadiz at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar. The main mountain ranges of Andalusia are the Sierra Morena and the Baetic System, consisting of the Subbaetic and Penibaetic Mountains, separated by the Intrabaetic Basin. In the north, the Sierra Morena separates Andalusia from the plains of Extremadura and Castile-La Mancha on Spain's Meseta Central. To the south, the geographic subregion of Upper Andalusia lies mostly within the Baetic System, while Lower Andalusia is in the Baetic Depression of the valley of the Guadalquivir. The name Andalusia is derived from the Arabic word Al-Andalus , which in turn may be derived from the Vandals, the Goths or pre-Roman Iberian tribes. The toponym al-Andalus is first attested by inscriptions on coins minted in 716 by the new Muslim government of Iberia. These coins, called dinars, were inscribed in both Latin and Arabic. The region's history and culture have been influenced by the Tartessians, Iberians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Vandals, Visigoths, Byzantines, Berbers, Arabs, Jews, Romanis and Castilians. During the Islamic Golden Age, Cordoba surpassed Constantinople to be Europe's biggest city, and became the capital of Al-Andalus and a prominent center of education and learning in the world, producing numerous philosophers and scientists. The Crown of Castile conquered and settled the Guadalquivir Valley in the 13th century. The mountainous eastern part of the region was subdued in the late 15th century. Atlantic-facing harbors prospered upon trade with the New World. Chronic inequalities in the social structure caused by uneven distribution of land property in large estates induced recurring episodes of upheaval and social unrest in the agrarian sector in the 19th and 20th centuries. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Tifariti <p> part of <o> Western Sahara <s> Tifariti <p> territory claimed by <o> Morocco <s> Tifariti <p> country <o> Western Sahara <s> Tifariti <p> territory claimed by <o> Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic <s> Tifariti <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Tifariti <p> twinned administrative body <o> Balmaseda <s> Tifariti <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pontassieve <s> Tifariti <p> twinned administrative body <o> Loro Ciuffenna <s> Tifariti <p> twinned administrative body <o> Agliana <s> Tifariti <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montale <s> Tifariti <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor <s> Tifariti <p> shares border with <o> Jdiriya <s> Tifariti <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Es Semara Province <s> Tifariti <p> instance of <o> human settlement <s> Tifariti <p> twinned administrative body <o> Signa <s> Tifariti <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mascara <s> Tifariti <p> twinned administrative body <o> Los Palacios y Villafranca <s> Tifariti <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tifariti <s> Barcelona <p> different from <o> Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> country <o> Spain <s> Barcelona <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Barcelona <p> different from <o> Barcelos <s> Barcelona <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica <s> Barcelona <p> capital of <o> Barcelona Province <s> Barcelona <p> capital of <o> Catalonia <s> Barcelona <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Mediterranean Sea <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cairo <s> Barcelona <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Barcelona <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Barcelona by place <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rosario <s> Barcelona <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kobe <s> Barcelona <p> highest point <o> Tibidabo <s> Barcelona <p> significant event <o> Siege of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> significant event <o> Siege of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Barcelona <p> part of <o> Barcelona metropolitan area <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Medellín <s> Barcelona <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Llobregat <s> Barcelona <p> significant event <o> Siege of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Monterrey <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fez <s> Barcelona <p> capital of <o> Barcelonès <s> Barcelona <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Barcelona <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Barcelona <p> patron saint <o> Virgin of Mercy <s> Barcelona <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Perpignan Méditerranée Métropole <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> São Paulo <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Francisco <s> Barcelona <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Barcelona <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> history of topic <o> history of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Trujillo <s> Barcelona <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Besòs <s> Barcelona <p> significant event <o> 1992 Summer Olympics <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nizhny Novgorod <s> Barcelona <p> executive body <o> City Council of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Boston <s> Barcelona <p> significant event <o> Siege of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> significant event <o> Siege of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> official language <o> Spanish <s> Barcelona <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montreal <s> Barcelona <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Athens <s> Barcelona <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> diocese <o> Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> significant event <o> Siege of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> significant event <o> Siege of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Barcelona <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buenos Aires <s> Barcelona <p> replaces <o> Sant Gervasi de Cassoles <s> Barcelona <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montevideo <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Havana <s> Barcelona <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Barcelona <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Barcelona <p> public holiday <o> La Mercè <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dublin <s> Barcelona <p> part of <o> Red de Juderías de España <s> Barcelona <p> significant event <o> Siege of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Istanbul <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kyiv <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ho Chi Minh City <s> Barcelona <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gdańsk <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dubai <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cologne <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Algiers <s> Barcelona <p> replaces <o> Sarriá <s> Barcelona <p> partially coincident with <o> Barcino <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Monzón <s> Barcelona <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montpellier <s> Barcelona <p> member of <o> World Tourism Cities Federation <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Varna <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Perpignan <s> Barcelona <p> partially coincident with <o> Barcelona City <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rio de Janeiro <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shanghai <s> Barcelona <p> official language <o> Catalan <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sarajevo <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Antwerp <s> Barcelona <p> official language <o> Occitan <s> Barcelona <p> shares border with <o> Montcada i Reixac <s> Barcelona <p> shares border with <o> Cerdanyola del Vallès <s> Barcelona <p> shares border with <o> Sant Cugat del Vallès <s> Barcelona <p> shares border with <o> L'Hospitalet de Llobregat <s> Barcelona <p> shares border with <o> Sant Adrià de Besòs <s> Barcelona <p> shares border with <o> Santa Coloma de Gramenet <s> Barcelona <p> shares border with <o> El Prat de Llobregat <s> Barcelona <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Barcelonès <s> Barcelona <p> shares border with <o> Molins de Rei <s> Barcelona <p> shares border with <o> Esplugues de Llobregat <s> Barcelona <p> shares border with <o> Sant Feliu de Llobregat <s> Barcelona <p> shares border with <o> Sant Just Desvern <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tirana <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Busan <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tel Aviv <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Valparaíso <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santo Domingo <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Isfahan <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wenzhou <s> Barcelona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gaza City <s> Barcelona <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sant Martí <s> Barcelona <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sants-Montjuïc <s> Barcelona <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gràcia <s> Barcelona <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Les Corts <s> Barcelona <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ciutat Vella <s> Barcelona <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nou Barris <s> Barcelona <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Eixample <s> Barcelona <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sant Andreu <s> Barcelona <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Horta-Guinardó <s> Barcelona <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sarrià-Sant Gervasi <s> Barcelona <p> instance of <o> municipality of Catalonia <s> Barcelona <p> flag <o> flag of Barcelona <s> Barcelona <p> head of government <o> Jaume Collboni Cuadrado <s> Barcelona <p> capital <o> Barcelona City <s> coat of arms of the City of Seville <p> country <o> Spain <s> coat of arms of the City of Seville <p> instance of <o> local coat of arms <s> coat of arms of the City of Seville <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Seville <s> Baetic Depression <p> country <o> Spain <s> Baetic Depression <p> shares border with <o> Atlantic Ocean <s> Baetic Depression <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Andalusia <s> Baetic Depression <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Guadalquivir <s> Baetic Depression <p> instance of <o> valley <s> Baetic Depression <p> instance of <o> depression <s> Baetic Depression <p> made from material <o> clay <s> Baetic Depression <p> instance of <o> river valley <s> Baetic Depression <p> shares border with <o> Cordillera Subbética <s> Baetic Depression <p> located in protected area <o> Doñana National and Natural Park <s> Baetic Depression <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Guadalquivir Marshes <s> Baetic Depression <p> shares border with <o> Sierra Morena <s> Baetic Depression <p> shares border with <o> Baetic System <s> Baetic Depression <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 1 <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> continent <o> Africa <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> official language <o> Arabic <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> religion or worldview <o> Islam <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> basic form of government <o> monarchy <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> capital <o> Marrakesh <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> instance of <o> caliphate <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> replaces <o> Almoravid dynasty <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> replaced by <o> Kingdom of Portugal <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> basic form of government <o> caliphate <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> replaces <o> Egyptian Fatimid Caliphate <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> followed by <o> Kingdom of Aragon <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> followed by <o> Emirate of Granada <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> followed by <o> Kingdom of León <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> followed by <o> Kingdom of Castile <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> followed by <o> Zayyanid Dynasty <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> religion or worldview <o> Sunni Islam <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> followed by <o> Marinid dynasty <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> currency <o> dinar <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> replaces <o> Hammadid dynasty <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> followed by <o> Hafsid dynasty <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> replaced by <o> Marinid dynasty <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> described by source <o> Nordisk familjebok <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> language used <o> Andalusi Romance <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> followed by <o> Taifa of Orihuela <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> followed by <o> Kingdom of Seville <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> followed by <o> Taifa of Arjona <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> currency <o> gold dinar <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> instance of <o> historical country <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 1 <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Almohad Caliphate <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> office held by head of the organization <o> Almohad caliph <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> capital <o> Tinmel <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> followed by <o> Taifa of Baeza <s> Almohad Caliphate <p> followed by <o> Taifa of Niebla <s> Rabat <p> different from <o> Rabat <s> Rabat <p> part of <o> Imperial cities of Morocco <s> Rabat <p> capital of <o> Morocco <s> Rabat <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Rabat <p> described by source <o> Rabat retrospective: Colonial heritage in a Moroccan urban laboratory <s> Rabat <p> described by source <o> Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis <s> Rabat <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Rabat <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Rabat <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Rabat <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia <s> Rabat <p> owner of <o> Prince Moulay Abdellah Stadium <s> Rabat <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Rabat <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Rabat <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Rabat <s> Rabat <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Rabat <s> Rabat <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Rabat <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cairo <s> Rabat <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Atlantic Ocean <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Istanbul <s> Rabat <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Rabat <s> Rabat <p> country <o> Morocco <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Athens <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lisbon <s> Rabat <p> instance of <o> city <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Madrid <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Damascus <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tunis <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Baghdad <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Amman <s> Rabat <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bethlehem <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Las Palmas de Gran Canaria <s> Rabat <p> official language <o> Arabic <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santo Domingo <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bursa <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Honolulu <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nablus <s> Rabat <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Honolulu County <s> Rabat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Stockholm Municipality <s> Rabat <p> head of government <o> Asmaa Rhlalou <s> Rabat <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Bou Regreg <s> Rabat <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Rabat Prefecture <s> Category:People from Seville <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Seville <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:People from Seville <p> category combines topics <o> Seville <s> Category:People from Seville <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> country <o> Spain <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> replaced by <o> Badajoz Province <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> replaced by <o> Andalusia <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> shares border with <o> Kingdom of León <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> replaces <o> Almohad Caliphate <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> follows <o> Almohad Caliphate <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> followed by <o> Gibraltar <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> shares border with <o> Kingdom of Córdoba <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> instance of <o> kingdom <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> capital <o> Seville city <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> capital <o> Seville <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> instance of <o> historical country <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> shares border with <o> Kingdom of Granada <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> shares border with <o> Kingdom of Portugal <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> followed by <o> Badajoz Province <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> part of <o> Four Kingdoms of Andalusia <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> followed by <o> Cádiz Province <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> followed by <o> Málaga Province <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> followed by <o> Seville Province <s> Kingdom of Seville <p> replaced by <o> Captaincy General of Andalusia <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> country <o> Spain <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> capital <o> Seville <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Alcalá de Guadaíra <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dos Hermanas <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bormujos <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Isla Mayor <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Castilleja de la Cuesta <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Camas <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Santiponce <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> La Rinconada <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Coria del Río <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> La Puebla del Río <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Palomares del Río <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Castilleja de Guzmán <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gelves <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Espartinas <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> instance of <o> comarca of Andalusia <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tomares <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mairena del Aljarafe <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Almensilla <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Juan de Aznalfarache <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> shares border with <o> Sierra Norte de Sevilla <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gines <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Salteras <s> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Valencina de la Concepción <s> Category:Births in Seville <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Births in Seville <p> category combines topics <o> Seville <s> Category:Births in Seville <p> category combines topics <o> place of birth <s> Category:Births in Seville <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Births in Seville <p> opposite of <o> Category:Deaths in Seville </Graph>

<Text> :Tifariti is an oasis town and the temporary capital of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, located in north-eastern Western Sahara, east of the Moroccan Berm, 138 km from Smara and 15 km north of the border with Mauritania. It is part of what Polisario Front calls the Liberated Territories and Morocco call the Buffer Zone. It has been the de facto temporary capital of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since the government moved there in 2008 from Bir Lehlou. It is the headquarters of the 2nd military region of the SADR. Tifariti is located between Smara, the traditional spiritual centre of the Sahara founded by Ma El Ainin away) and the Algerian town of Tindouf away), where the Sahrawi refugee camps are located. Primarily an encampment located near an oasis, it was always a kind of seasonal town for the Sahrawis, an Arabic-speaking Bedouin people controlling the area since medieval times. In 1912, a French Foreign Legion expedition commanded by Captain Gerard, who was trying to link with their troops in Morocco, was exterminated by Sahrawi rebel nomads near Tifariti. Then, it was permanently settled and used by the Spanish authorities as an advanced desert military outpost. Now in reconstruction, it is estimated that Tifariti had a population of approximately 7,000 inhabitants in 1975. Its inhabitants largely abandoned the town in 1976 because of the war with Morocco. Tifariti never had many fixed structures, due to the pastoral lifestyle of the Sahrawis. It is located in a rugged desert area, with little vegetation. Tifariti was the place of several battles during the Western Sahara War and served as a military base and stronghold for both sides at various points of the war. It was also used as a stopping place for Sahrawi refugees en route to Tindouf during the invasion phase . Some sources claim that in January 1976 there were 15,000 Sahrawi refugees around the town. Barcelona is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within city limits, its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the province of Barcelona and is home to around 4.8 million people, making it the fifth most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, the Ruhr area, Madrid and Milan. It is one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea, located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besos, bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range. Founded as a Roman city, in the Middle Ages Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona. After joining with the Kingdom of Aragon to form the confederation of the Crown of Aragon, Barcelona, which continued to be the capital of the Principality of Catalonia, became the most important city in the Crown of Aragon and the main economic and administrative centre of the Crown, only to be overtaken by Valencia, wrested from Moorish control by the Catalans, shortly before the dynastic union between the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon in 1492. Barcelona became the centre of Catalan separatism, briefly becoming part of France during the 17th century Reapers' War and again in 1812 until 1814 under Napoleon. It was the capital of Revolutionary Catalonia during the Spanish Revolution of 1936, and the seat of government of the Second Spanish Republic later in the Spanish Civil War, until its capture by the fascists in 1939. After the Spanish transition to democracy in the 1970s, Barcelona once again became the capital of an autonomous Catalonia. Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination. Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaudi and Lluis Domenech i Montaner, which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The city is home to two of the most prestigious universities in Spain: the University of Barcelona and Pompeu Fabra University. The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean are located in Barcelona. The city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions. In addition, many international sport tournaments have been played here. Barcelona is a major cultural, economic, and financial centre in southwestern Europe, as well as the main biotech hub in Spain. As a leading world city, Barcelona's influence in global socio-economic affairs qualifies it for global city status . The Baetic Depression in the Guadalquivir basin is mostly flat land and divides the Sierra Morena to the north from the Baetic System to the south. It is a typical lateral depression of the type that forms amidst Alpine mountain ranges, similar to the valley of the Ebro, the Po River valley in Italy or the Upper Thracian Plain in Bulgaria. The Almohad Caliphate or Almohad Empire was a North African Berber Muslim empire founded in the 12th century. At its height, it controlled much of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa . The Almohad movement was founded by Ibn Tumart among the Berber Masmuda tribes, but the Almohad caliphate and its ruling dynasty, known as the Mu'minid dynasty, were founded after his death by Abd al-Mu'min al-Gumi. Around 1120, Ibn Tumart first established a Berber state in Tinmel in the Atlas Mountains. Under Abd al-Mu'min they succeeded in overthrowing the ruling Almoravid dynasty governing Morocco in 1147, when he conquered Marrakesh and declared himself caliph. They then extended their power over all of the Maghreb by 1159. Al-Andalus followed, and all of Muslim Iberia was under Almohad rule by 1172. The turning point of their presence in the Iberian Peninsula came in 1212, when Muhammad III, "al-Nasir" was defeated at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in the Sierra Morena by an alliance of the Christian forces from Castile, Aragon and Navarre. Much of the remaining territories of al-Andalus were lost in the ensuing decades, with the cities of Cordoba and Seville falling to the Christians in 1236 and 1248 respectively. The Almohads continued to rule in Africa until the piecemeal loss of territory through the revolt of tribes and districts enabled the rise of their most effective enemies, the Marinids from northern Morocco in 1215. The last representative of the line, Idris al-Wathiq, was reduced to the possession of Marrakesh, where he was murdered by a slave in 1269; the Marinids seized Marrakesh, ending the Almohad domination of the Western Maghreb. Rabat is the capital city of Morocco and the country's seventh-largest city with an urban population of approximately 580,000 and a metropolitan population of over 1.2 million. It is also the capital city of the Rabat-Sale-Kenitra administrative region. Rabat is located on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the river Bou Regreg, opposite Sale, the city's main commuter town. Rabat was founded in the 12th century by the Almohads. The city grew at first but went into an extended period of decline following the collapse of the Almohads. In the 17th century, Rabat became a haven for Barbary pirates. When the French established a protectorate over Morocco in 1912 they made Rabat its administrative center. When Morocco achieved independence in 1955 Rabat became its capital. Rabat, Temara, and Sale form a conurbation of over 1.8 million people. Silt-related problems have diminished Rabat's role as a port; however, Rabat and Sale still maintain important textile, food processing and construction industries. In addition, tourism and the city hosting all foreign embassies in Morocco makes Rabat one of the most important cities in the country. The Moroccan capital was ranked at second place by CNN in its "Top Travel Destinations of 2013". It is one of four Imperial cities of Morocco, and the medina of Rabat is listed as a World Heritage Site. Rabat is accessible by train through the ONCF system and by plane through the nearby Rabat-Sale Airport. The name Rabat comes from the Arabic word lrbT meaning the ribat, an Islamic base or fortification. This name is short for rbT lftH meaning the ribat of conquest or stronghold of victory--a title given by the Almohads when they established the city as a naval base in 1170. The Kingdom of Seville was a territorial jurisdiction of the Crown of Castile since 1248 until Javier de Burgos' provincial division of Spain in 1833. This was a "kingdom" in the second sense given by the Diccionario de la lengua espanola de la Real Academia Espanola: the Crown of Castile consisted of several such kingdoms. Seville was one of the Four Kingdoms of Andalusia. Its extent is detailed in Respuestas Generales del Catastro de Ensenada , which was part of the documentation of a census. Falling largely within the present day autonomous community of Andalucia, it included roughly the territory of the present-day provinces of Huelva, Seville, and Cadiz, the Antequera Depression in the present-day province of Malaga, and also some municipalities in the present-day autonomous communities of Extremadura in the province of Badajoz. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> creator <o> Diego Velázquez <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> country <o> Spain <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> religion or worldview <o> Christianity <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> depicts <o> Virgin Mary <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Andalusia <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> depicts <o> man <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> movement <o> Baroque <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> depicts <o> woman <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> depicts <o> Ildephonsus of Toledo <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> owned by <o> Seville <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> made from material <o> oil paint <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> genre <o> religious art <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> location of creation <o> Madrid <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> instance of <o> painting <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> made from material <o> canvas <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> collection <o> Focus-Abengoa Foundation <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> exhibition history <o> Velázquez <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> exhibition history <o> Focus-Abengoa Foundation <s> St. Ildefonso Receiving the Chasuble from the Virgin <p> location <o> Focus-Abengoa Foundation <s> Palacio Municipal de Deportes San Pablo <p> country <o> Spain <s> Palacio Municipal de Deportes San Pablo <p> sport <o> basketball <s> Palacio Municipal de Deportes San Pablo <p> sport <o> badminton <s> Palacio Municipal de Deportes San Pablo <p> owned by <o> Seville <s> Palacio Municipal de Deportes San Pablo <p> instance of <o> arena <s> Palacio Municipal de Deportes San Pablo <p> instance of <o> architectural structure <s> Palacio Municipal de Deportes San Pablo <p> occupant <o> Real Betis Baloncesto <s> Palacio Municipal de Deportes San Pablo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> San Pablo-Santa Justa <s> history of Seville <p> country <o> Spain <s> history of Seville <p> facet of <o> Seville <s> history of Seville <p> instance of <o> history of a city <s> history of Seville <p> facet of <o> Hispalis <s> history of Seville <p> facet of <o> Seville city <s> history of Seville <p> facet of <o> Ishbiliya <s> history of Seville <p> facet of <o> Spalis <s> history of Seville <p> topic's main category <o> Category:History of Seville <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> continent <o> Asia <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Francisco <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toronto <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> language used <o> Khmer <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> country <o> Vietnam <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> language used <o> Nung <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> Köppen climate classification <o> tropical savanna climate <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lyon <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rhône-Alpes <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Moscow <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> different from <o> Ho Chi Minh <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> capital of <o> Republic of Vietnam <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> language used <o> Eastern Cham <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yekaterinburg <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Ho Chi Minh City <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> significant event <o> Siege of Saigon <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Ho Chi Minh City <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Ho Chi Minh City <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manila <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> instance of <o> city <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Vietnam <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ho Chi Minh City <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vladivostok <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Phnom Penh <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> language used <o> Western Cham <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> language used <o> Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barcelona <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> replaces <o> Gia Định <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> part of <o> Vietnam <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Ho Chi Minh City <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shanghai <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> located in time zone <o> Indochina Time <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bratislava <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> replaces <o> Saigon <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Ho Chi Minh City <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Leipzig <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> history of topic <o> administrative history of Ho Chi Minh City <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Ho Chi Minh City <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Busan <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Guangzhou <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shenyang <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vientiane <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> shares border with <o> Tây Ninh <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> shares border with <o> Long An <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Osaka Prefecture <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yokohama <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> instance of <o> megacity <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> shares border with <o> Đồng Nai <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Champasak <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> instance of <o> planned community <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> instance of <o> municipality of Vietnam <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> named after <o> Ho Chi Minh <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> instance of <o> largest city <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> founded by <o> Nguyen Huu Chanh <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Saigon River <s> Ho Chi Minh City <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Bến Nghé Channel <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> instance of <o> human <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> place of death <o> Seville <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Spanish <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Seville <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> domain of saint or deity <o> University of La Laguna <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> sibling <o> Berengaria of León <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Aranjuez <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Alfonso X of Castile and Leon <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> spouse <o> Elisabeth of Swabia <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> spouse <o> Joan, Countess of Ponthieu <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> religion or worldview <o> Catholic Church <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> place of birth <o> Zamora <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> significant event <o> Treaty of Jaén <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> given name <o> Fernando <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> occupation <o> ruler <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> religious order <o> Third Order of Saint Francis <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Infante Henry of Castile <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Philip of Castile <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> occupation <o> Miles Christianus <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ferdinand III of Castile <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> significant event <o> Siege of Seville <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> significant event <o> Siege of Córdoba <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> country of citizenship <o> Kingdom of León <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> sibling <o> Constanza de León <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> sibling <o> Ferdinand of León <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> sibling <o> Alfonso of Molina <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> sibling <o> Dulce of León <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> sibling <o> Sancha, heiress of León <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Roman Catholic Diocese of San Cristóbal de La Laguna <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Berenguela de Castilla <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Maria de Castilla <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Eleanor of Castile <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> position held <o> Monarch of the Kingdom of Castile <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> position held <o> Monarch of Castile and Leon <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> feast day <o> May 30 <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> depicted by <o> St Fernando <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> family <o> House of Burgundy - Castile and León <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> noble title <o> King of Castile <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Sancho of Castile <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Manuel, Senhor de Villena <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Frederick of Castile <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Ferdinand, Count of Aumale <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Ferdinando di Castiglia <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Luigi di Castiglia <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Leonor de Castilla <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Juan de Castilla <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> child <o> Simon of Castille <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> noble title <o> King of Galicia <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> noble title <o> King of Toledo <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> noble title <o> King of León <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> place of burial <o> Catedral de Sevilla <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> sibling <o> Urraca Alfonso de León <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> sibling <o> Leonor de León <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Spanish Army Engineers Corps <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> sibling <o> Martín Alfonso of Leon <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> father <o> Alfonso IX of León <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> mother <o> Berengaria of Castile <s> Ferdinand III of León <p> patronym or matronym for this person <o> Alfónsez <s> notary district of Seville <p> country <o> Spain <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Seville <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> El Madroño <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Alcalá de Guadaíra <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Brenes <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Santiponce <s> notary district of Seville <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> La Algaba <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Camas <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Castilleja de la Cuesta <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Umbrete <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> El Ronquillo <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> El Castillo de las Guardas <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> La Rinconada <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Castilblanco de los Arroyos <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> El Garrobo <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Aznalcázar <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Alcalá del Río <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Villanueva del Ariscal <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Coria del Río <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Sanlúcar la Mayor <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Bormujos <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Aznalcóllar <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Gerena <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Guillena <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Bollullos de la Mitación <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Carrión de los Céspedes <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Mairena del Aljarafe <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Pilas <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> La Puebla del Río <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> San Juan de Aznalfarache <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Palomares del Río <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Huévar del Aljarafe <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Valencina de la Concepción <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Villamanrique de la Condesa <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Tomares <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Albaida del Aljarafe <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Olivares <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Salteras <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Espartinas <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Almensilla <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Burguillos <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Gines <s> notary district of Seville <p> instance of <o> notary district <s> notary district of Seville <p> authority <o> Andalusian Notaries Association <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Castilleja de Guzmán <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Castilleja del Campo <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Gelves <s> notary district of Seville <p> has part(s) <o> Benacazón <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> country <o> Spain <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> instance of <o> city <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> patron saint <o> Virgin of Mercy <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> patron saint <o> Dionysius the Areopagite <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> twinned administrative body <o> Las Palmas de Gran Canaria <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> part of <o> Mancomunidad de Municipios Bahía de Cádiz <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> twinned administrative body <o> El Paso <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Jerez de la Frontera <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> twinned administrative body <o> Puerto Iguazú <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> significant event <o> Siege of Jerez <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pardubice <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Jerez de la Frontera <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Jerez de la Frontera <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Jerez de la Frontera <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Cádiz Province <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Jerez de la Frontera <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> capital of <o> Taifa of Jerez <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> capital of <o> Campiña de Jerez <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> part of <o> Campiña de Jerez <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> twinned administrative body <o> Córdoba <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> twinned administrative body <o> Foz do Iguaçu <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> twinned administrative body <o> Arles <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Jerez de la Frontera <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Jerez de la Frontera <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> owner of <o> Estadio Municipal de Bosco <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> twinned administrative body <o> Biarritz <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pisco <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> twinned administrative body <o> Castro Urdiales <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> El Puerto de Santa María <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> El Cuervo de Sevilla <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> Puerto Real <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> Algar <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> Ubrique <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> Cortes de la Frontera <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> capital <o> Jerez de la Frontera <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> twinned administrative body <o> Moquegua <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> Trebujena <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> Paterna de Rivera <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> Sanlúcar de Barrameda <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> Alcalá de los Gazules <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> Lebrija <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> Medina Sidonia <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> Arcos de la Frontera <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> shares border with <o> San José del Valle <s> Jerez de la Frontera <p> head of government <o> Mamen Sánchez Díaz <s> Viking raid on Seville <p> location <o> Seville <s> Viking raid on Seville <p> location <o> Ishbiliya <s> Viking raid on Seville <p> participant <o> Vikings <s> Viking raid on Seville <p> participant <o> al-Andalus <s> Viking raid on Seville <p> part of <o> Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias <s> Viking raid on Seville <p> instance of <o> military raid <s> Viking raid on Seville <p> country <o> emirate of Córdoba <s> Siege of Seville <p> instance of <o> siege <s> Siege of Seville <p> part of <o> Reconquista <s> Siege of Seville <p> participant <o> Knights Templars <s> Siege of Seville <p> location <o> Seville <s> Siege of Seville <p> participant <o> Sovereign Military Order of Malta <s> Siege of Seville <p> participant <o> Crown of Castile <s> Siege of Seville <p> location <o> Ishbiliya <s> Siege of Seville <p> location <o> San Juan de Aznalfarache <s> Siege of Seville <p> participant <o> Marinid dynasty <s> Siege of Seville <p> participant <o> Order of Calatrava <s> Siege of Seville <p> participant <o> Order of Santiago <s> Siege of Seville <p> instance of <o> siege <s> Siege of Seville <p> part of <o> Castilian Civil War <s> Siege of Seville <p> location <o> Seville </Graph>

<Text> :Seville has been one of the most important cities in the Iberian Peninsula since ancient times; the first settlers of the site have been identified with the Tartessian culture. The destruction of their settlement is attributed to the Carthaginians, giving way to the emergence of the Roman city of Hispalis, built very near the Roman colony of Italica , which was only 9 km northwest of present-day Seville. Italica, the birthplace of the Roman emperors Trajan and Hadrian, was founded in 206-205 BC. Italica is well preserved and gives an impression of how Hispalis may have looked in the later Roman period. Its ruins are now an important tourist attraction. Under the rule of the Visigothic Kingdom, Hispalis housed the royal court on some occasions. In al-Andalus the city was first the seat of a kura , or territory, of the Caliphate of Cordoba, then made capital of the Taifa of Seville , which was incorporated into the Christian Kingdom of Castile under Ferdinand III, who was first to be interred in the cathedral. After the Reconquista, Seville was resettled by the Castilian aristocracy; as capital of the kingdom it was one of the Spanish cities with a vote in the Castilian Cortes, and on numerous occasions served as the seat of the itinerant court. The Late Middle Ages found the city, its port, and its colony of active Genoese merchants in a peripheral but nonetheless important position in European international trade, while its economy suffered severe demographic and social shocks such as the Black Death of 1348 and the anti-Jewish revolt of 1391. After the discovery of the Americas, Seville became the economic centre of the Spanish Empire as its port monopolised the trans-oceanic trade and the Casa de Contratacion wielded its power, opening a Golden Age of arts and letters. Coinciding with the Baroque period of European history, the 17th century in Seville represented the most brilliant flowering of the city's culture; then began a gradual economic and demographic decline as navigation of the Guadalquivir River became increasingly difficult until finally the trade monopoly and its institutions were transferred to Cadiz. The city was revitalised in the 19th century with rapid industrialisation and the building of rail connections, and as in the rest of Europe, the artistic, literary, and intellectual Romantic movement found its expression here in reaction to the Industrial Revolution. The 20th century in Seville saw the horrors of the Spanish Civil War, decisive cultural milestones such as the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929 and Expo'92, and the city's election as the capital of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. Ho Chi Minh City , commonly known as Saigon , is the most populous city in Vietnam, with a population of around 9.3 million in 2023. The city's geography is defined by rivers and canals, the largest of which is the eponymously-named Saigon River. As a municipality, Ho Chi Minh City consists of 16 urban districts, five rural districts, and one municipal city . As the largest financial centre in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City has the highest gross regional domestic product out of all Vietnam provinces and municipalities, contributing around a quarter of the country's total GDP. Ho Chi Minh City's metropolitan area is ASEAN's 6th largest economy, also the biggest outside an ASEAN country capital. Since the early times, water transport has been heavily used by inhabitants in the area. The area was occupied by Champa from 2nd century AD to around the 19th century, due to Dai Viet's expanist policy of Nam tien. After the fall of Citadel of Gia Dinh, Saigon was the capital of French Indochina from 1887 to 1902, and again from 1945 until its cessation in 1954. Following the partition of French Indochina, it became the capital of South Vietnam until it was captured by North Vietnam, who renamed the city after their former leader Ho Chi Minh, though the former name is still widely used in informal usages. Beginning in the 1990s, the city underwent rapid expansion and modernization, which contributed to Vietnam's post-war economic recovery and helped revive its international trade hub status. Ho Chi Minh City has a long tradition of being a productive trading and manufacturing place in Vietnam. As such, the city is also the busiest international transport hub in Vietnam, as Tan Son Nhat International Airport accounts for nearly half of all international arrivals to Vietnam and the Port of Saigon is among the busiest container ports in Southeast Asia. Ho Chi Minh City is also a popular tourism destination. Some of the war and historic landmarks in the city include the Independence Palace, Landmark 81 , the War Remnants Museum, and Ben Thanh Market. The city is also known for its narrow walkable alleys and night life. Currently, Ho Chi Minh City is facing increasing threats of sea level rise and flooding as well as heavy strains on public infrastructures. The first known human habitation of the area was a Cham settlement called Baigaur. The Cambodians then took over the Cham village of Baigaur and renamed it Prey Nokor, a small fishing village. Over time, under the control of the Vietnamese, it was officially renamed Gia Dinh , a name that was retained until the time of the French conquest in the 1860s, when it adopted the name Sai Gon, westernized as Saigon, although the city was still indicated as Jia Ding on Vietnamese maps written in chu Han until at least 1891. Ferdinand III , called the Saint , was King of Castile from 1217 and King of Leon from 1230 as well as King of Galicia from 1231. He was the son of Alfonso IX of Leon and Berenguela of Castile. Through his second marriage he was also Count of Aumale. Ferdinand III was one of the most successful kings of Castile, securing not only the permanent union of the crowns of Castile and Leon, but also masterminding the most expansive southward territorial expansion campaign yet in the Guadalquivir Valley, in which Islamic rule was in disarray in the wake of the decline of the Almohad presence in the Iberian Peninsula. By military and diplomatic efforts, Ferdinand greatly expanded the dominions of Castile by annexing the crown of Guadalquivir river valley in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, establishing the boundaries of the Castilian state for the next two centuries. New territories included important cities such as Baeza, Ubeda, Jaen, Cordoba and Seville, that were subject of Repartimiento, given a new general charter and repopulated in the following years. Ferdinand was canonized in 1671 by Pope Clement X. Places such as the cities of San Fernando, Pampanga and San Fernando, La Union; the Diocese of Ilagan and the San Fernando de Dilao Church in Paco, Manila in the Philippines; and in the United States, in California the City of San Fernando, the San Fernando Valley, and in Texas the Cathedral of San Fernando in San Antonio were named in his honor. The exact date of Ferdinand's birth is unclear. It has been proposed to have been as early as 1199 or even 1198, although more recent researchers commonly date Ferdinand's birth in the summer of 1201. Ferdinand was born at the Monastery of Valparaiso . Jerez de la Frontera or simply Jerez, also cited in old English-language sources as Xeres, is a city and municipality in the province of Cadiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Located in southwestern Iberia, it lies on the Campina de Jerez, an inland low-land plain crossed by the Guadalete river, midway the Atlantic Ocean, the Guadalquivir river and the western reaches of the Subbaetic System. As of 2020, with 213,105 inhabitants, Jerez is the most-populated municipality in the province of Cadiz. Its municipality covers an area of 1,188.14 km2 and includes Los Alcornocales Natural Park. Winegrowing has long been, particularly upon the transition to modern agro-extractivism in the mid 18th century, the main drive of the economy of Jerez. During the 19th century, the local wine Sherry was overwhelmingly produced for foreign export, catering to the British market in the first place. Throughout this century the city earned a reputation as a paradigm for large landowners, high social inequality, and the winery-related identity. Since 1987, Grand Prix motorcycle racing has been held at the Circuito de Jerez in early May. The circuit has also hosted several Formula One Grands Prix, including the 1997 final race of the season, which was notable for a controversial championship-deciding incident. Other popular festivals in the city are the Feria de Jerez and the Holy Week. The Viking raid on Isbiliya, then part of the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba, took place in 844. After raiding the coasts of what are now Spain and Portugal, a Viking fleet arrived in Isbiliya through the Guadalquivir on 25 September and took the city on 1 or 3 October. The Vikings pillaged the city and the surrounding areas. Emir Abd ar-Rahman II of Cordoba mobilized and sent a large force against the Vikings under the command of the hajib Isa ibn Shuhayd. After a series of indecisive engagements, the Muslim army defeated the Vikings on either 11 or 17 November. Seville was retaken and the remnants of the Vikings fled Spain. After the raid, the Muslims raised new troops and built more ships and other military equipment to protect the coast. The quick military response in 844 and the subsequent defensive improvements discouraged further attacks by the Vikings. Historians such as Hugh N. Kennedy and Neil Price contrast the rapid Muslim response during the 844 raids, as well as the organization of long-term defenses, with the weak responses by the Carolingian dynasty and Anglo-Saxons against Viking aggression. After the Abbasid Revolution which overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate, Muslims of the Iberian Peninsula declared an independent emirate, with its capital in Cordoba in 756. The Umayyad-ruled emirate received waves of refugees who escaped the revolution in the Middle East, and soon became a center of intellectual development. The 844 raid was the first confirmed large-scale Viking incursion on the peninsula. During this period, Al-Andalus was in a state of uneasy peace with the Iberian and Frankish Christians to its north, dotted by constant skirmishes and occasional military campaigns across a sort of a demilitarized zone between them. There might have been small Viking incursions to the Kingdom of Asturias in the early ninth century prior to the raid. The Viking fleet was, prior to attacking Seville, seen near the coast of France and on French rivers . They plundered Asturias, under the rule of the Christian King Ramiro I, but suffered heavy losses at A Coruna and were defeated by Ramiro at the Tower of Hercules. Next, they sailed southward and plundered the Atlantic coast. They took the Muslim city of Lisbon in August or September of 844 and occupied it for 13 days, during which time they engaged in skirmishes with the Muslims. The governor of Lisbon, Wahballah ibn Hazm, wrote about the attack to Emir Abd ar-Rahman II of Cordoba, who was the overall leader of Muslims in Spain. After leaving Lisbon, they sailed further south and raided the Spanish towns of Cadiz, Medina Sidonia, and Algeciras, and possibly the Abbasid-controlled town of Asilah in modern-day Morocco. The siege of Seville was a 16-month successful investment during the Reconquista of Seville by forces of Ferdinand III of Castile. Although perhaps eclipsed in geopolitical importance by the rapid capture of Cordoba in 1236, which sent a shockwave through the Muslim world, the siege of Seville was nonetheless the most complex military operation undertaken by Fernando III. It is also the last major operation of the Early Reconquista. The operation also marked the appearance of indigenous naval forces of Castile-Leon of military significance. In effect, Ramon de Bonifaz was the first admiral of Castile, although he never held an official title of that kind. In 1246, after the conquest of Jaen, Seville and Granada were the only major cities in the Iberian Peninsula that had not acquiesced to Christian suzerainty. Of the two, Granada would remain semi-independent until 1492. During the summer of 1247, Castilian armies isolated the city to the north and east. This paved the way for the siege, which started when Ramon de Bonifaz sailed with thirteen galleys, accompanied by some smaller ships, up the Guadalquivir and scattered some forty smaller vessels trying to oppose him. On 3 May the Castilian fleet broke the pontoon bridge linking Seville and Triana. Due to a famine, the city capitulated on 23 November 1248. The terms specified that the Castillian troops would be allowed to enter the alcazar no later than a month later. Ferdinand made his triumphant entry into the city on 22 December 1248. Muslim chronicles record that some 300,000 inhabitants left the city. This number is considered exaggerated by O'Callaghan. The siege of Seville was a 16-month successful investment during the Reconquista of Seville by forces of Ferdinand III of Castile. Although perhaps eclipsed in geopolitical importance by the rapid capture of Cordoba in 1236, which sent a shockwave through the Muslim world, the siege of Seville was nonetheless the most complex military operation undertaken by Fernando III. It is also the last major operation of the Early Reconquista. The operation also marked the appearance of indigenous naval forces of Castile-Leon of military significance. In effect, Ramon de Bonifaz was the first admiral of Castile, although he never held an official title of that kind. In 1246, after the conquest of Jaen, Seville and Granada were the only major cities in the Iberian Peninsula that had not acquiesced to Christian suzerainty. Of the two, Granada would remain semi-independent until 1492. During the summer of 1247, Castilian armies isolated the city to the north and east. This paved the way for the siege, which started when Ramon de Bonifaz sailed with thirteen galleys, accompanied by some smaller ships, up the Guadalquivir and scattered some forty smaller vessels trying to oppose him. On 3 May the Castilian fleet broke the pontoon bridge linking Seville and Triana. Due to a famine, the city capitulated on 23 November 1248. The terms specified that the Castillian troops would be allowed to enter the alcazar no later than a month later. Ferdinand made his triumphant entry into the city on 22 December 1248. Muslim chronicles record that some 300,000 inhabitants left the city. This number is considered exaggerated by O'Callaghan. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Guadalquivir <p> country <o> Spain <s> Guadalquivir <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Guadalquivir <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Guadalquivir <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Guadalquivir <p> different from <o> Guadalquivir <s> Guadalquivir <p> instance of <o> river <s> Guadalquivir <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Guadalquivir <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Guadalimar <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Corbones <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Guadaíra <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Guadajoz <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Guadiana Menor <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Genil <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Arroyo del Cañetejo <s> Guadalquivir <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Córdoba Province <s> Guadalquivir <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Cádiz Province <s> Guadalquivir <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Guadalquivir <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Guadalquivir <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Guadalquivir <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> Guadalquivir <p> category for the water basin <o> Category:Guadalquivir Basin <s> Guadalquivir <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Huelva <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> River Viar <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Bembézar <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Jándula River <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Arroyo de Corcomé <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Cuadros <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Arenoso <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Arroyo de Azanaque <s> Guadalquivir <p> drainage basin <o> Guadalquivir Basin <s> Guadalquivir <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Jaén Province <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Guadiamar <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Cañamares <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Pudio <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Guadalbullón <s> Guadalquivir <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Gulf of Cádiz <s> Guadalquivir <p> origin of the watercourse <o> Sierra de Cazorla <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Guadiel <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Rivera de Huelva <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Guadalmellato <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Rivera de Huesna <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Arroyo de Guadalín <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Borosa River <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Guadiato <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Torres river <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Jandulilla <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Cerezuelo River <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Retortillo <s> Guadalquivir <p> tributary <o> Arroyo de Cantarranas <s> Guadalquivir <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Guadalquivir <s> Category:Seville <p> category's main topic <o> Seville <s> Category:Seville <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Caltanissetta <p> country <o> Italy <s> Caltanissetta <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Caltanissetta <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Caltanissetta <p> patron saint <o> Michael <s> Caltanissetta <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rochester <s> Caltanissetta <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Caltanissetta <p> shares border with <o> Canicattì <s> Caltanissetta <p> shares border with <o> Pietraperzia <s> Caltanissetta <p> capital of <o> Province of Caltanissetta <s> Caltanissetta <p> shares border with <o> Marianopoli <s> Caltanissetta <p> shares border with <o> Santa Caterina Villarmosa <s> Caltanissetta <p> shares border with <o> San Cataldo <s> Caltanissetta <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Caltanissetta <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Caltanissetta <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Salso <s> Caltanissetta <p> shares border with <o> Enna <s> Caltanissetta <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cittanova <s> Caltanissetta <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Caltanissetta <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Caltanissetta <s> Caltanissetta <p> shares border with <o> Mazzarino <s> Caltanissetta <p> shares border with <o> Mussomeli <s> Caltanissetta <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Caltanissetta <s> Caltanissetta <p> shares border with <o> Sommatino <s> Caltanissetta <p> shares border with <o> Serradifalco <s> Caltanissetta <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Caltanissetta <s> Caltanissetta <p> shares border with <o> Delia <s> Caltanissetta <p> shares border with <o> Naro <s> Caltanissetta <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Caltanissetta <s> Caltanissetta <p> seismic classification <o> 3 <s> Caltanissetta <p> shares border with <o> Petralia Sottana <s> Caltanissetta <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Caltanissetta <s> Caltanissetta <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Caltanissetta <s> Caltanissetta <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Caltanissetta <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Free Municipal Consortium of Caltanissetta <s> Tomares <p> country <o> Spain <s> Tomares <p> capital <o> Tomares <s> Tomares <p> shares border with <o> Seville <s> Tomares <p> shares border with <o> San Juan de Aznalfarache <s> Tomares <p> shares border with <o> Camas <s> Tomares <p> shares border with <o> Castilleja de la Cuesta <s> Tomares <p> part of <o> notary district of Seville <s> Tomares <p> part of <o> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <s> Tomares <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Tomares <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville metropolitan area <s> Tomares <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Tomares <s> Tomares <p> shares border with <o> Bormujos <s> Tomares <p> shares border with <o> Mairena del Aljarafe <s> Tomares <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> Tomares <p> head of government <o> José Luis Sanz Ruiz <s> Tomares <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Carmona <p> country <o> Spain <s> Carmona <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Carmona <p> different from <o> Carmona <s> Carmona <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> Carmona <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Carmona <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Carmona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Laudun-l'Ardoise <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> Arahal <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> Seville <s> Carmona <p> instance of <o> city <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> Fuentes de Andalucía <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> Alcalá de Guadaíra <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> Brenes <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> Alcolea del Río <s> Carmona <p> capital <o> Carmona <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> La Rinconada <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> Marchena <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> El Viso del Alcor <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> Villanueva del Río y Minas <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> La Campana <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> Cantillana <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> Paradas <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> Lora del Río <s> Carmona <p> shares border with <o> Mairena del Alcor <s> Carmona <p> part of <o> Campiña de Carmona <s> Carmona <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Carmona <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Carmona <p> capital of <o> Campiña de Carmona <s> Carmona <p> capital of <o> Taifa of Carmona <s> Carmona <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Carmona <s> Carmona <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Carmona <s> Carmona <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Carmona <p> head of government <o> Juan Manuel Avila Gutierrez <s> Carmona <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Carmona <s> Baler <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Baler <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Aurora <s> Baler <p> country <o> Philippines <s> Baler <p> capital of <o> Aurora <s> Baler <p> instance of <o> municipality of the Philippines <s> Baler <p> shares border with <o> Dipaculao <s> Baler <p> shares border with <o> Maria Aurora <s> Baler <p> twinned administrative body <o> Carlet <s> Baler <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mallén <s> Baler <p> associated electoral district <o> Aurora's at-large congressional district <s> Baler <p> shares border with <o> San Luis <s> Baler <p> language used <o> Tagalog <s> Baler <p> language used <o> Ilocano <s> Baler <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tronchón <s> Baler <p> twinned administrative body <o> Viduerna de la Peña <s> Baler <p> twinned administrative body <o> Marbella <s> Baler <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor <s> Baler <p> Köppen climate classification <o> tropical rainforest climate <s> Baler <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Baler Bay <s> Baler <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Baler, Aurora <s> Baler <p> language used <o> Northern Alta <s> Baler <p> income classification (Philippines) <o> 3rd municipal income class <s> Baler <p> twinned administrative body <o> Almonte <s> Baler <p> twinned administrative body <o> Martos <s> Iquique <p> country <o> Chile <s> Iquique <p> capital of <o> Tarapacá Region <s> Iquique <p> capital of <o> Iquique Province <s> Iquique <p> capital of <o> Iquique <s> Iquique <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Iquique <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Iquique <p> twinned administrative body <o> La Paz <s> Iquique <p> twinned administrative body <o> Abu Dhabi <s> Iquique <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Iquique <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zadar <s> Iquique <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Iquique <s> Iquique <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rio de Janeiro <s> Iquique <p> owner of <o> Estadio Tierra de Campeones <s> Iquique <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Iquique <p> published in <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Iquique <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Iquique <s> Iquique <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oppido Lucano <s> Iquique <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ashkelon <s> Iquique <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−04:00 <s> Iquique <p> twinned administrative body <o> Miami <s> Iquique <p> twinned administrative body <o> Arequipa <s> Iquique <p> twinned administrative body <o> Campo Grande <s> Iquique <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vitoria <s> Iquique <p> twinned administrative body <o> Miami-Dade County <s> Iquique <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Iquique <s> Iquique <p> instance of <o> port settlement <s> Iquique <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Iquique <p> instance of <o> city in Chile <s> Iquique <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tulcán <s> Iquique <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Iquique <s> NO8DO <p> country <o> Spain <s> NO8DO <p> color <o> gold <s> NO8DO <p> used by <o> City Council of Seville <s> NO8DO <p> instance of <o> logo <s> NO8DO <p> color <o> crimson <s> Palomares del Río <p> country <o> Spain <s> Palomares del Río <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Palomares del Río <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> Palomares del Río <p> capital <o> Palomares del Río <s> Palomares del Río <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville metropolitan area <s> Palomares del Río <p> part of <o> notary district of Seville <s> Palomares del Río <p> shares border with <o> Seville <s> Palomares del Río <p> part of <o> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <s> Palomares del Río <p> shares border with <o> Dos Hermanas <s> Palomares del Río <p> shares border with <o> Gelves <s> Palomares del Río <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Palomares del Río <s> Palomares del Río <p> shares border with <o> Almensilla <s> Palomares del Río <p> shares border with <o> Mairena del Aljarafe <s> Palomares del Río <p> head of government <o> Fuli Township <s> Palomares del Río <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Palomares del Río <p> shares border with <o> Coria del Río <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> capital <o> San Juan de Aznalfarache <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> instance of <o> city <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> country <o> Spain <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Guadalquivir <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> head of government <o> Fernando Zamora Ruiz <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> part of <o> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> shares border with <o> Seville <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> shares border with <o> Mairena del Aljarafe <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> shares border with <o> Gelves <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> shares border with <o> Tomares <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville metropolitan area <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> part of <o> notary district of Seville <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> topic's main category <o> Category:San Juan de Aznalfarache <s> San Juan de Aznalfarache <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of San Juan de Aznalfarache </Graph>

<Text> :The Guadalquivir is the fifth-longest river in the Iberian Peninsula and the second-longest river with its entire length in Spain. The Guadalquivir is the only major navigable river in Spain. Currently it is navigable from Seville to the Gulf of Cadiz, but in Roman times it was navigable from Cordoba. The river is 657 km long and drains an area of about 58,000 km2 . It rises at Canada de las Fuentes in the Cazorla mountain range , flows through Cordoba and Seville and reaches the sea between the municipalities of Almonte and the fishing village of Bonanza, in Sanlucar de Barrameda, flowing into the Gulf of Cadiz, in the Atlantic Ocean. The middle course curso medio starts near Mengibar and ends near Palma del Rio. It includes the river's confluence with the Guadiana Menor and the Genil. The latter confluence is located between Palma del Rio and Penaflor. The lower course of the Guadalquivir runs from Palma del Rio to the sea. On its lower course, the Guadalquivir is joined by the river Corbones and by the Rivera de Huelva. The marshy lowlands at the river's mouth are known as "Las Marismas". Here, the river borders the Donana National Park reserve. Caltanissetta is a municipality in the central interior of Sicily, Italy, and the capital of the Province of Caltanissetta. Its inhabitants are called Nisseni. In 2017, the city had a population of 62,797. It is the 14th largest municipality in Italy measured by area, the sixth highest municipality in Italy by elevation , the second highest in elevation in Sicily after the city of Enna . The town lies in an area of rolling hills with small villages and towns, crossed by the river Salso. It borders on the municipalities of Canicatti, Delia, Enna, Marianopoli, Mazzarino, Mussomeli, Naro, Petralia Sottana, Pietraperzia, San Cataldo, Santa Caterina Villarmosa, Serradifalco and Sommatino. Its frazioni are the villages of Bifaria, Borgo Petilia, Borgo Canicasse Casale, Cozzo di Naro, Favarella, Prestianni, Villaggio Santa Barbara, Santa Rita and Xirbi. Caltanissetta dominates the whole valley of the river Salso, which extends to include the nearby Enna. Morphologically it matches the surrounding area, very harsh and composed of limestone and clay. The city lies between three hills , which form a basin which comprise part of the historical centre and South. Tomares is a municipality in Andalusia, southern Spain. It is a Seville suburb of over 25,000 inhabitants situated two kilometers west of Triana District of Seville, separated from the city by River Guadalquivir. It is surrounded by other municipalities of the Comarca of Aljarafe, whose boundaries are reduced to a single street, forming a conurbation. In 2016 construction workers uncovered a 600 kg hoard of ancient Roman coins in Zaudin Park. The bronze coins were stored in 19 amphoras while newly minted, and are stamped with inscriptions of emperors Maximian and Constantine. Some were originally coated in silver. A baler or hay baler is a piece of farm machinery used to compress a cut and raked crop into compact bales that are easy to handle, transport, and store. Often, bales are configured to dry and preserve some intrinsic value of the plants bundled. Different types of balers are commonly used, each producing a different type of bale - rectangular or cylindrical, of various sizes, bound with twine, strapping, netting, or wire. Before the 19th century, hay was cut by hand and most typically stored in haystacks using hay forks to rake and gather the scythed grasses into optimally sized heaps - neither too large, promoting conditions favorable for spontaneous combustion, nor too small, which would mean much of the pile is susceptible to rotting. These haystacks lifted most of the plant fibers up off the ground, letting air in and water drain out, so the grasses could dry and cure, to retain nutrition for livestock feed at a later time. In the 1860s, mechanical cutting devices were developed; from these came modern devices including mechanical mowers and balers. In 1872, a reaper that used a knotter device to bundle and bind hay was invented by Charles Withington; this was commercialized in 1874 by Cyrus McCormick. In 1936, Innes invented an automatic baler that tied bales with twine using Appleby-type knotters from a John Deere grain binder; in 1938, Edwin Nolt filed a patent for an improved version that was more reliable. The first round baler was probably invented in the late 19th century and one was shown in Paris by Pilter . This was a portable machine designed for use with threshing machines. Iquique is a port city and commune in northern Chile, capital of both the Iquique Province and Tarapaca Region. It lies on the Pacific coast, west of the Pampa del Tamarugal, which is part of the Atacama Desert. It has a population of 191,468 according to the 2017 census. It is also the main commune of Greater Iquique. The city developed during the heyday of the saltpetre mining in the Atacama Desert in the 19th century. Once a Peruvian city with a large Chilean population, it was conquered by Chile in the War of the Pacific . Today it is one of only two free ports of Chile, the other one being Punta Arenas, in the country's far south. Although the city was founded in the 16th century, there is evidence of habitation in the area by the Chango people as early as 7,000 BC. During colonial times, Iquique was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru as much of South America was at the time, and remained part of Peruvian territory until the end of the 19th century. Iquique's early development was due in large part to the discovery of mineral riches, particularly the presence of large deposits of sodium nitrate in the Atacama Desert ; and guano. In July 1835, Charles Darwin, during his voyage on the Beagle, traveled to Iquique and described it as a town "very much in want of everyday necessities, such as water and firewood". These necessities had to be brought in from considerable distances. Darwin also visited the saltpetre works. The city has been devastated by several earthquakes, including the 1868 Arica earthquake, the 1877 Iquique earthquake, and the 2005 Tarapaca earthquake. The 2014 Iquique earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 8.2 on April 1, 2014. Seville is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Seville has a municipal population of about 701,000 as of 2022, and a metropolitan population of about 1.5 million, making it the largest city in Andalusia, the fourth-largest city in Spain and the 26th most populous municipality in the European Union. Its old town, with an area of 4 square kilometres , contains a UNESCO World Heritage Site comprising three buildings: the Alcazar palace complex, the Cathedral and the General Archive of the Indies. The Seville harbour, located about 80 kilometres from the Atlantic Ocean, is the only river port in Spain. The capital of Andalusia features hot temperatures in the summer, with daily maximums routinely above 35 degC in July and August. Seville was founded as the Roman city of Hispalis. Known as Ishbiliyah after the Islamic conquest in 711, Seville became the centre of the independent Taifa of Seville following the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba in the early 11th century; later it was ruled by Almoravids and Almohads until being incorporated to the Crown of Castile in 1248. Owing to its role as gateway of the Spanish Empire's trans-atlantic trade, managed from the Casa de Contratacion, Seville became one of the largest cities in Western Europe in the 16th century. Coinciding with the Baroque period, the 17th century in Seville represented the most brilliant flowering of the city's culture. Upon diminishing draught conditions in the Guadalquivir, the American trade gradually moved away from the city of Seville, initially in favor of downstream dependent berths and eventually in favor of the Bay of Cadiz, where the head of the fleets of the Indies and the Casa de la Contratacion were eventually transferred to. The 20th century in Seville saw the tribulations of the Spanish Civil War, decisive cultural milestones such as the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929 and Expo '92, and the city's election as the capital of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. Despite being a separate municipality, San Juan is in the metropolitan area of Seville, to which it lies on an opposite bank of the Guadalquivir river. The city is linked by two road bridges and a pedestrian one to the Sevillian district of Triana on the Isla de La Cartuja. The city's name refers to the Fortress of Alfaraj , a known site for Muslim historians, which was likely built under the Umayyads but better known by the palace built by Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad in the 11th century </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:Burials in Seville <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Burials in Seville <p> category combines topics <o> Seville <s> Category:Burials in Seville <p> category combines topics <o> location of burial <s> Category:Burials in Seville <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> mayor of Seville <p> country <o> Spain <s> mayor of Seville <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Seville <s> mayor of Seville <p> instance of <o> position <s> mayor of Seville <p> part of <o> City Council of Seville <s> mayor of Seville <p> subclass of <o> mayor of a place in Spain <s> mayor of Seville <p> organization directed by the office or position <o> City Council of Seville <s> mayor of Seville <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mayors of Seville <s> mayor of Seville <p> has list <o> Mayors of Seville <s> Category:Deaths in Seville <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Seville <p> category combines topics <o> Seville <s> Category:Deaths in Seville <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Seville <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Seville <p> opposite of <o> Category:Births in Seville <s> Category:Films shot in Sevilla <p> category combines topics <o> Seville <s> Category:Films shot in Sevilla <p> category contains <o> film <s> Category:Films shot in Sevilla <p> category combines topics <o> filming location <s> Category:Films shot in Sevilla <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Films shot in Sevilla <p> opposite of <o> Category:Films set in Seville <s> Dos Hermanas <p> country <o> Spain <s> Dos Hermanas <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Dos Hermanas <p> shares border with <o> Seville <s> Dos Hermanas <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> Dos Hermanas <p> shares border with <o> Los Palacios y Villafranca <s> Dos Hermanas <p> shares border with <o> Alcalá de Guadaíra <s> Dos Hermanas <p> capital <o> Dos Hermanas <s> Dos Hermanas <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Dos Hermanas <p> shares border with <o> Edimburgo <s> Dos Hermanas <p> shares border with <o> Coria del Río <s> Dos Hermanas <p> shares border with <o> Palomares del Río <s> Dos Hermanas <p> shares border with <o> La Puebla del Río <s> Dos Hermanas <p> shares border with <o> Gelves <s> Dos Hermanas <p> head of government <o> Francisco Toscano Sánchez <s> Dos Hermanas <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Dos Hermanas <s> Dos Hermanas <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville metropolitan area <s> Dos Hermanas <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Dos Hermanas <s> Dos Hermanas <p> part of <o> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <s> Dos Hermanas <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Dos Hermanas <s> Columbus <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Columbus <p> different from <o> Columbus <s> Columbus <p> capital of <o> Ohio <s> Columbus <p> capital of <o> Franklin County <s> Columbus <p> history of topic <o> history of Columbus, Ohio <s> Columbus <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−04:00 <s> Columbus <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−05:00 <s> Columbus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ahmedabad <s> Columbus <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Columbus <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Columbus <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Columbus <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Columbus <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Columbus, Ohio <s> Columbus <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Columbus, Ohio <s> Columbus <p> geography of topic <o> geography of Columbus, Ohio <s> Columbus <p> located in statistical territorial entity <o> Columbus metropolitan area <s> Columbus <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Columbus, Ohio <s> Columbus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Accra <s> Columbus <p> official language <o> English <s> Columbus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Genoa <s> Columbus <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Columbus <p> described by source <o> The American Cyclopædia <s> Columbus <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Columbus <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Columbus, Ohio <s> Columbus <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Columbus, Ohio <s> Columbus <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 5 <s> Columbus <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Columbus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dresden <s> Columbus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Columbus <p> named after <o> Christopher Columbus <s> Columbus <p> instance of <o> county seat <s> Columbus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zapopan <s> Columbus <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Columbus, Ohio <s> Columbus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Odense <s> Columbus <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Columbus <s> Columbus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Herzliya <s> Columbus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kumasi <s> Columbus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tainan <s> Columbus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hefei <s> Columbus <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Columbus <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Columbus <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Franklin County <s> Columbus <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Delaware County <s> Columbus <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Fairfield County <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Bellefontaine <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Dublin <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Grove City <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Hilliard <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Groveport <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Reynoldsburg <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Upper Arlington <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Bexley <s> Columbus <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> Columbus <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Columbus, Ohio <s> Columbus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Los Mochis <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> New Albany <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Obetz <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Riverlea <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Westerville <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Whitehall <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Grandview Heights <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Gahanna <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Worthington <s> Columbus <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Columbus <p> head of government <o> Andrew Ginther <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Minerva Park <s> Columbus <p> shares border with <o> Marble Cliff <s> Columbus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Metropolitan City of Genoa <s> Kansas City <p> different from <o> Kansas City <s> Kansas City <p> different from <o> Kansas City <s> Kansas City <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Kansas City <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor <s> Kansas City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Linz <s> Kansas City <p> instance of <o> county seat <s> Kansas City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Karlovac <s> Kansas City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Kansas City <p> located in time zone <o> Central Time Zone <s> Kansas City <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Kansas City <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Kansas City <p> named after <o> Kansas City <s> Kansas City <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Kansas City, Kansas <s> Kansas City <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> Kansas City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Limerick <s> Kansas City <p> located in statistical territorial entity <o> Kansas City metropolitan area <s> Kansas City <p> capital of <o> Wyandotte County <s> Kansas City <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Kansas City <p> shares border with <o> Overland Park <s> Kansas City <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Kansas City <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Kansas City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Uruapan <s> Kansas City <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Kansas City, Kansas <s> Kansas City <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Wyandotte County <s> Kansas City <p> head of government <o> Tyrone Garner <s> Kansas City <p> owner of <o> Legends Field <s> Kansas City <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Kansas City, Kansas <s> Kansas City <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kansas City, Kansas <s> Kansas City <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Popayán <p> country <o> Colombia <s> Popayán <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−05:00 <s> Popayán <p> instance of <o> city in Colombia <s> Popayán <p> twinned administrative body <o> Málaga <s> Popayán <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Popayán <s> Popayán <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Popayán <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Popayán <s> Popayán <p> instance of <o> municipality of Colombia <s> Popayán <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Popayán <p> founded by <o> Sebastián de Belalcázar <s> Popayán <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Popayán <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Popayán <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Cauca Department <s> Popayán <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Popayán <s> Popayán <p> capital of <o> Cauca Department <s> Category:Views of Seville <p> category combines topics <o> view <s> Category:Views of Seville <p> category combines topics <o> Seville <s> Category:Views of Seville <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> different from <o> Alcalá de Guadaíra <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> country <o> Spain <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> shares border with <o> Los Palacios y Villafranca <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> shares border with <o> Seville <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> shares border with <o> Arahal <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> shares border with <o> Carmona <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> shares border with <o> Dos Hermanas <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Guadaíra <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> shares border with <o> Edimburgo <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> shares border with <o> Los Molares <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> head of government <o> Ana Isabel Jiménez Contreras <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> shares border with <o> Mairena del Alcor <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> part of <o> notary district of Seville <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville metropolitan area <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> part of <o> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Alcalá de Guadaíra <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Alcalá de Guadaíra <s> Alcalá de Guadaíra <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Alcalá de Guadaíra </Graph>

<Text> :The city's name, which means "two sisters", dates from its founding in 1248 by King Ferdinand III of Castile and honours Elvira and Estefania Nazareno, the two sisters of Gonzalo Nazareno, one of the king's principal military commanders. For this reason natives of Dos Hermanas are called nazarenos/as. In Tirso de Molina's play The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest , Dos Hermanas is mentioned as the place where Don Juan Tenorio manages to interpose himself in the marriage of two plebeians, Arminta and Batricio, whom he cleverly deceives. The Trickster of Seville and Stone Guest is the play from which the myth of "Don Juan" derives the name. At Dos Hermanas, south of Los Palacios , there is a powerful broadcasting mediumwave facility with a 232 metre tall guyed mast, used for the transmission of the first program of RNE with 300 kW on 684 kHz. The transmitter, which is most often designated as "RNE-1 Sevilla" can be received easily at night throughout Europe and northern Africa. Spanish popstar Melody comes from Dos Hermanas. In 2014 a controversy was sparked when an interviewer for Cuatro TV asked her how come she spoke so well 'in spite of coming from Dos Hermanas'. This sparked a large debate on classism and Madrid-centric snobbery. The Kansas City metropolitan area is a bi-state metropolitan area anchored by Kansas City, Missouri. Its 14 counties straddle the border between the U.S. states of Missouri and Kansas . With 8,472 square miles and a population of more than 2.2 million people, it is the second-largest metropolitan area centered in Missouri and is the largest metropolitan area in Kansas, though Wichita is the largest metropolitan area centered in Kansas. Alongside Kansas City, Missouri, these are the suburbs with populations above 100,000: Overland Park, Kansas; Kansas City, Kansas; Olathe, Kansas; Independence, Missouri; and Lee's Summit, Missouri. Business enterprises and employers include Cerner Corporation , AT&T, BNSF Railway, GEICO, Asurion, T-Mobile , Black & Veatch, AMC Theatres, Citigroup, Garmin, Hallmark Cards, Waddell & Reed, H&R Block, General Motors, Honeywell, the Ford Kansas City Assembly Plant, The Kansas City Star, Bayer, Children's Mercy Hospital, Truman Medical Center-Hospital Hill, and Andrews McMeel Universal . Shopping centers include City Market, Crown Center, Country Club Plaza, Independence Center, Legends Outlets Kansas City, Oak Park Mall, Ward Parkway Center, and Zona Rosa. Cultural attractions include the American Jazz Museum, the Kansas City Symphony, Kansas City Union Station, the National World War I Museum, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts, the National Agricultural Center and Hall of Fame, Negro Leagues Baseball Museum, Arabia Steamboat Museum, Uptown Theater, Midland Theatre, the Kansas City Zoo, Swope Park , Sandstone Amphitheater, the Kansas City Renaissance Festival, Worlds of Fun, Oceans of Fun, and several casinos. Major league sports franchises include the NFL's Kansas City Chiefs, the MLB's Kansas City Royals, and the MLS's Sporting Kansas City. The Kansas Speedway is owned by NASCAR. Historic features include the confluence of the eastern endpoints of the California, Santa Fe, and Oregon Trails in Independence; the Harry S. Truman Historic District; and the neighborhoods of Westport, 18th and Vine, and Pendleton Heights. Historic cultural origins include KC styles of jazz, vaudeville theater, barbecue, and steak. Popayan is the capital of the Colombian department of Cauca. It is located in the Pubenza Valley in southwestern Colombia between the Western Mountain Range and Central Mountain Range. The municipality has a population of 318,059, an area of 483 km2, is located 1760 meters above sea level, and has an average temperature of 18 degC. The town is well known for its colonial architecture and its contributions to Colombian cultural and political life. It is also known as the "white city" due to the color of most of the colonial buildings in the city center, where several churches are located, such as San Francisco, San Jose, Belen, Santo Domingo, San Agustin, and the Catedral Basilica Nuestra Senora de la Asuncion, known locally as "La Catedral". The city's cathedral was home to the Crown of the Andes, a 16th-century Marianist devotional object featuring emeralds taken from the captured Inca Emperor Atahualpa. It was sold to finance local health care institutions. Popayan has been home to seventeen Colombian presidents, as well as noted poets, painters, and composers. The University of Cauca , one of Colombia's oldest and most distinguished institutions of higher education, is located here, so Popayan is also known as the "University City". Nearby is Purace National Natural Park. The nearest large city is Cali, in the Valle del Cauca Department, north of Cauca. Much of the city's original splendor was destroyed on 31 March 1983, when an earthquake toppled many buildings. Though many were rebuilt and repaired, the heart of the city still has ruins and empty lots. In 2005, Popayan was declared by the UNESCO as the first city of gastronomy because of its variety and meaning to the intangible patrimony of Colombian culture. The culinary history of the Cauca Department was chosen because it maintains traditional food preparation methods that have been passed down orally for generations. In 2009, UNESCO also declared the Semana Santa processions during Easter Week a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Patrimony of Humanity. Alcala de Guadaira is a town located approximately 17 km southeast of Seville, Spain; in recent years the expansion of Seville has meant that Alcala has become a suburb of that city. Alcala used to be known as Alcala de los Panaderos because it provided most of Seville's bread. The town is located on the banks of the Guadaira River, and watermills built during the Moorish period of Spain can still be found in the area. Irippo, the main Turdetan city in the Guadaira basin, was located in Mesa de Gandul , and minted its own coin in Roman times. The site of Alcala was taken by Muslim forces in the 8th century and their name has held to modern times. The toponym Alcala, from the Arabic lql`@ al-qal'a for fortification or citadel, is shared by many places throughout Spain. Alcala de Guadaira was under the domination of multiple Muslim kingdoms from the Umayyad Caliphate in 756 to the fall of the Almohads in 1244. It was the Almohads who built extensive fortifications on a promontory overlooking the river. These fortifications continue to dominate the south-west side of the town. In 1244, Alcala de Guadaira was captured by Ferdinand III of Castile who was responsible for the refurbishing of the castle and town fortifications, which were subsequently used as a royal prison with a military presence. Following Ferdinand's death it fell into disrepair and ceased to be a prison or military barracks. Alcala was home to a small but important Jewish community. In December, 1390, Archdeacon Ferand Martinez led a mob that razed the synagogue to the ground. The members of the Jewish community were soon after put to the sword. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Gelves <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Gelves <p> shares border with <o> Dos Hermanas <s> Gelves <p> country <o> Spain <s> Gelves <p> shares border with <o> Seville <s> Gelves <p> part of <o> notary district of Seville <s> Gelves <p> part of <o> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <s> Gelves <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> Gelves <p> capital <o> Gelves <s> Gelves <p> shares border with <o> Mairena del Aljarafe <s> Gelves <p> shares border with <o> Palomares del Río <s> Gelves <p> shares border with <o> San Juan de Aznalfarache <s> Gelves <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gelves <s> Gelves <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Gelves <s> Gelves <p> head of government <o> José Luis Benavente Ulgar <s> Gelves <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville metropolitan area <s> Gelves <p> shares border with <o> Bollullos de la Mitación <s> Gelves <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Salteras <p> shares border with <o> Seville <s> Salteras <p> country <o> Spain <s> Salteras <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> Salteras <p> part of <o> notary district of Seville <s> Salteras <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Salteras <s> Salteras <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Salteras <p> head of government <o> Antonio Valverde Macías <s> Salteras <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Salteras <p> shares border with <o> Espartinas <s> Salteras <p> shares border with <o> Guillena <s> Salteras <p> capital <o> Salteras <s> Salteras <p> shares border with <o> La Algaba <s> Salteras <p> shares border with <o> Santiponce <s> Salteras <p> shares border with <o> Valencina de la Concepción <s> Salteras <p> shares border with <o> Gerena <s> Salteras <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Salteras <s> Salteras <p> shares border with <o> Olivares <s> European route E1 <p> country <o> Republic of Ireland <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Valença <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Albufeira <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Ferrol <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Castro Marim <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Lisburn <s> European route E1 <p> different from <o> E1 <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Newry <s> European route E1 <p> country <o> Portugal <s> European route E1 <p> country <o> United Kingdom <s> European route E1 <p> partially coincident with <o> European route E16 <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Ayamonte <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Montijo <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Tui <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Dublin <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Lisbon <s> European route E1 <p> country <o> Spain <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Vigo <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> A Coruña <s> European route E1 <p> terminus location <o> Seville <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Seville <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Belfast <s> European route E1 <p> partially coincident with <o> European route E18 <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Larne <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Huelva <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Santiago de Compostela <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Pontevedra <s> European route E1 <p> instance of <o> road <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Braga <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Coimbra <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Porto <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Dundalk <s> European route E1 <p> primary destinations <o> Wexford <s> European route E1 <p> transport network <o> international E-road network <s> European route E1 <p> has part(s) <o> European route E1 in Spain <s> European route E1 <p> has part(s) <o> European route E01 in Ireland <s> European route E1 <p> has part(s) <o> European route E1 in the United Kingdom <s> European route E1 <p> has part(s) <o> European route E01 in Portugal <s> European route E1 <p> terminus location <o> Larne <s> European route E1 <p> topic's main category <o> Category:E01 <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> category for honorary citizens of entity <o> Category:Honorary citizens of Rostov-on-Don <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Rostov-on-Don <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Rostov-on-Don <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> different from <o> Rostov <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> capital of <o> Rostov Oblast <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Don <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> capital of <o> Municipal Formation of the City of Rostov-on-Don <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:00 <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Rostov-on-Don <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Rostov-on-Don <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> capital of <o> Southern Federal District <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> significant event <o> Wagner Group rebellion <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gomel <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Le Mans <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Glasgow <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dortmund <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Rostov Oblast <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Rostov-on-Don <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gera <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yerevan <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Antalya <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> capital of <o> Azov-Black Sea Krai <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> capital of <o> North Caucasus Krai <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> capital of <o> Don Soviet Republic <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cheongju <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Rostov-on-Don <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> country <o> Russia <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Donetsk <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pleven <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> capital of <o> Rostovskiy Okrug <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> capital of <o> Don Okrug <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mobile <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oral <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> award received <o> Order of Lenin <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Volos <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Luhansk <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kirovsky District <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Voroshilovsky City District <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Zhelenodorozhny District <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> instance of <o> city or town <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> head of government <o> Zinaida Neyarokhina <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sovetskiy rayon of Rostov-on-Don <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Proletarsky District <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pervomayskiy Raion <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Leninskyi Raion <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> twinned administrative body <o> Polis <s> Rostov-on-Don <p> flag <o> flag of Rostov-on-Don <s> Santiponce <p> capital <o> Santiponce <s> Santiponce <p> country <o> Spain <s> Santiponce <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Santiponce <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Santiponce <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville metropolitan area <s> Santiponce <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> Santiponce <p> shares border with <o> Seville <s> Santiponce <p> shares border with <o> Camas <s> Santiponce <p> shares border with <o> Valencina de la Concepción <s> Santiponce <p> shares border with <o> Salteras <s> Santiponce <p> part of <o> notary district of Seville <s> Santiponce <p> part of <o> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <s> Santiponce <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Santiponce <s> Santiponce <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Santiponce <s> Santiponce <p> partially coincident with <o> Italica <s> municipality of Spain <p> country <o> Spain <s> municipality of Spain <p> part of <o> province of Spain <s> municipality of Spain <p> subclass of <o> municipio <s> municipality of Spain <p> subclass of <o> municipality <s> municipality of Spain <p> subclass of <o> LAU 2 <s> municipality of Spain <p> subclass of <o> third-order administrative division <s> municipality of Spain <p> has part(s) <o> término municipal <s> municipality of Spain <p> instance of <o> administrative territorial entity of Spain <s> municipality of Spain <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Municipalities of Spain <s> municipality of Spain <p> has part(s) <o> municipality capital (Spain) <s> municipality of Spain <p> subclass of <o> administrative territorial entity of Spain <s> municipality of Spain <p> has part(s) <o> locality <s> municipality of Spain <p> has part(s) <o> single entity of population <s> municipality of Spain <p> executive body <o> ayuntamiento <s> municipality of Spain <p> part of <o> local government in Spain <s> municipality of Spain <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Municipalities of Spain <s> municipality of Spain <p> has list <o> list of municipalities of Spain <s> municipality of Spain <p> has part(s) <o> ayuntamiento <s> municipality of Spain <p> has part(s) <o> núcleo de población <s> Hispalis <p> partially coincident with <o> Seville <s> Hispalis <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Hispania Baetica <s> Hispalis <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Hispania Ulterior <s> Hispalis <p> historical region <o> Hispania Baetica <s> Hispalis <p> country <o> Ancient Rome <s> Hispalis <p> instance of <o> ancient city <s> Hispalis <p> instance of <o> roman colonia <s> Hispalis <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Hispalis <p> partially coincident with <o> Seville city <s> Hispalis <p> partially coincident with <o> Ishbiliya <s> Hispalis <p> partially coincident with <o> Spalis <s> Hispalis <p> history of topic <o> history of Seville <s> Hispalis <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Hispalis <p> replaced by <o> Spalis <s> Seville city <p> country <o> Spain <s> Seville city <p> instance of <o> city <s> Seville city <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville <s> Seville city <p> capital of <o> Seville <s> Seville city <p> instance of <o> municipality capital (Spain) <s> Seville city <p> partially coincident with <o> Seville <s> Seville city <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Seville city <p> instance of <o> núcleo de población <s> Seville city <p> partially coincident with <o> Hispalis <s> Seville city <p> partially coincident with <o> Ishbiliya <s> Seville city <p> partially coincident with <o> Spalis <s> Seville city <p> replaces <o> Ishbiliya <s> Seville city <p> capital of <o> Kingdom of Seville <s> Seville city <p> history of topic <o> history of Seville <s> Ishbiliya <p> located in the present-day administrative territorial entity <o> Seville <s> Ishbiliya <p> partially coincident with <o> Seville <s> Ishbiliya <p> country <o> Caliphate of Córdoba <s> Ishbiliya <p> country <o> Taifa of Seville <s> Ishbiliya <p> instance of <o> ancient city <s> Ishbiliya <p> country <o> emirate of Córdoba <s> Ishbiliya <p> country <o> Umayyad Caliphate <s> Ishbiliya <p> capital of <o> Taifa of Seville <s> Ishbiliya <p> significant event <o> Viking raid on Seville <s> Ishbiliya <p> significant event <o> Siege of Seville <s> Ishbiliya <p> replaces <o> Spalis <s> Ishbiliya <p> replaced by <o> Seville city <s> Ishbiliya <p> history of topic <o> history of Seville <s> Ishbiliya <p> partially coincident with <o> Hispalis <s> Ishbiliya <p> partially coincident with <o> Seville city <s> Ishbiliya <p> partially coincident with <o> Spalis <s> Spalis <p> located in the present-day administrative territorial entity <o> Seville <s> Spalis <p> partially coincident with <o> Seville <s> Spalis <p> replaces <o> Hispalis <s> Spalis <p> replaced by <o> Ishbiliya <s> Spalis <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Guadalquivir <s> Spalis <p> partially coincident with <o> Hispalis <s> Spalis <p> partially coincident with <o> Seville city <s> Spalis <p> partially coincident with <o> Ishbiliya <s> Spalis <p> country <o> Kingdom of Toledo <s> Spalis <p> country <o> Empire of Theodoric the Great <s> Spalis <p> country <o> Visigothic Kingdom of Tolosa <s> Spalis <p> culture <o> Visigoths <s> Spalis <p> instance of <o> ancient city <s> Spalis <p> history of topic <o> history of Seville </Graph>

<Text> :Gelves is a city located in the province of Seville, in Andalusia, Spain. According to the 2006 census , the city has a population of 8,325 inhabitants. It lies on the west bank of the Guadalquivir river. Gelves is in the metropolitan agglomeration of the regional capital, Seville, but is a separate municipality, bordering to the north with San Juan de Aznalfarache, west with Mairena del Aljarafe and southwest with Palomares del Rio, which are also in the conurbation. Gelves also borders the municipality of the city of Dos Hermanas to the southwest. Across the river, Gelves faces the Sevillian district of Los Remedios on the Isla de La Cartuja. Salteras is a city in the Province of Seville, Spain. It has a population of 11,854 inhabitants . It borders Olivares to the west, Gerena to the northwest, Guillena to the north, La Algaba to the northeast, Valencina to the east and Espartinas to the south. Known to the Romans as Paesula, its origins are ancient. It was historically part of the Comarca del Aljarafe, but now legally forms part of the Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla. European route E1 is a series of roads in Europe, part of the United Nations International E-road network, running from Larne, Northern Ireland to Seville, Spain. There is a sea crossing between Rosslare Harbour, in Ireland, and Ferrol, but no ferry service. The road also passes through Portugal - past the city of Porto, through the capital, Lisbon, and then south to the Algarve, passing Faro before reaching the Spanish border west of Huelva.40deg26'40''N 8deg30'59''W / 40.4444degN 8.5165degW / 40.4444; -8.5165 As with all E-roads in the United Kingdom, the E1 is not signed. It begins in Larne, County Antrim as the A8. A short section of the A8 at Newtownabbey is under motorway regulations and is signed as the A8 motorway. This motorway joins the much longer M2 motorway to Belfast. At Belfast, the road becomes the A12 Westlink, a dual carriageway which links to the M1 motorway. The A1 leaves the motorway near Lisburn and continues south as a dual carriageway. This takes the road over the border into Ireland near Newry. The dual carriageway continues in Ireland as the N1, which from Ballymascanlon in County Louth onwards is under motorway regulations and signed as the M1 motorway. The road follows the M1 south to Dublin, where, in the northern suburbs, it meets Dublin's ring road, the M50 motorway. It follows the M50 through the outer suburbs of Dublin until it meets the short M11 motorway near Shankill. The M11 continues as a dual carriageway, the N11, south of Bray in County Wicklow. This section passes through the Glen of the Downs Nature Reserve. This section of the road is dual carriageway or motorway to south of Gorey in County Wexford. Following this, the remainder of the route in Ireland is single carriageway and passes through several towns and villages. The N11 continues to Wexford, where at a junction outside the town it meets the N25 road from Cork. The route follows the N25 to its final destination in Ireland of Rosslare Europort. The E1 has two sections in Spain. The northern section is between Ferrol and Tui at the Portuguese border. It follows the motorway AP-9, a.k.a. The Atlantic Axis, which connects the Galician cities of Ferrol, A Coruna, Santiago de Compostela, Pontevedra and Vigo, continuing south towards Tui. The E1 follows the motorway A-55 near the city of Tui to the Portuguese border at the river Minho. Rostov-on-Don is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, 32 kilometers from the Sea of Azov, directly north of the North Caucasus. The southwestern suburbs of the city lie above the Don river delta. Rostov-on-Don has a population of over one million people and is an important cultural centre of Southern Russia. From ancient times, the area around the mouth of the Don River has held cultural and commercial importance. Ancient indigenous inhabitants included the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes. It was the site of Tanais, an ancient Greek colony, Fort Tana under the Genoese, and Fort Azak in the time of the Ottoman Empire. In 1749, a custom house was established on the Temernik River, a tributary of the Don, by edict of the Empress Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter the Great, in order to control trade with Turkey. It was co-located with a fortress named for Dimitry of Rostov, a metropolitan bishop of the old northern town of Rostov the Great. Azov, a town closer to the Sea of Azov on the Don, gradually lost its commercial importance in the region to the new fortress, but it remains an important historical center. In 1756, the "Russian commercial and trading company of Constantinople" was founded at the "merchants' settlement" on the high bank of the Don. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, with the incorporation of previously Ottoman Black Sea territories into the Russian Empire, the settlement lost much of its militarily strategic importance as a frontier post. The municipality is one of the two fundamental territorial divisions in Spain, the other being the provinces. Although provinces are groupings of municipalities, there is no implied hierarchy or primacy of one over the other. Instead the two entities are defined according to the authority or jurisdiction of each . Some autonomous communities also group municipalities into entities known as comarcas or mancomunidades . The governing body in most municipalities is called ayuntamiento , a term often also used to refer to the municipal headquarters . The ayuntamiento is composed of the mayor , the deputy mayors and the deliberative assembly of councillors . Another form of local government used in small municipalities is the concejo abierto , in which the deliberative assembly is formed by all the electors in the municipality. The operation of the municipalities is broadly outlined by the 1985 Local Government Act. The Statutes of Autonomy of the various autonomous communities also contain provisions and many sectorial laws from national and autonomous community government determine the functions and powers of ayuntamientos. In general, municipalities enjoy a large degree of autonomy in their local affairs: many of the functions of the comarcas and provinces are municipal powers pooled together. Seville is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Seville has a municipal population of about 701,000 as of 2022, and a metropolitan population of about 1.5 million, making it the largest city in Andalusia, the fourth-largest city in Spain and the 26th most populous municipality in the European Union. Its old town, with an area of 4 square kilometres , contains a UNESCO World Heritage Site comprising three buildings: the Alcazar palace complex, the Cathedral and the General Archive of the Indies. The Seville harbour, located about 80 kilometres from the Atlantic Ocean, is the only river port in Spain. The capital of Andalusia features hot temperatures in the summer, with daily maximums routinely above 35 degC in July and August. Seville was founded as the Roman city of Hispalis. Known as Ishbiliyah after the Islamic conquest in 711, Seville became the centre of the independent Taifa of Seville following the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba in the early 11th century; later it was ruled by Almoravids and Almohads until being incorporated to the Crown of Castile in 1248. Owing to its role as gateway of the Spanish Empire's trans-atlantic trade, managed from the Casa de Contratacion, Seville became one of the largest cities in Western Europe in the 16th century. Coinciding with the Baroque period, the 17th century in Seville represented the most brilliant flowering of the city's culture. Upon diminishing draught conditions in the Guadalquivir, the American trade gradually moved away from the city of Seville, initially in favor of downstream dependent berths and eventually in favor of the Bay of Cadiz, where the head of the fleets of the Indies and the Casa de la Contratacion were eventually transferred to. The 20th century in Seville saw the tribulations of the Spanish Civil War, decisive cultural milestones such as the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929 and Expo '92, and the city's election as the capital of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. Seville is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the River Guadalquivir, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Seville has a municipal population of about 701,000 as of 2022, and a metropolitan population of about 1.5 million, making it the largest city in Andalusia, the fourth-largest city in Spain and the 26th most populous municipality in the European Union. Its old town, with an area of 4 square kilometres , contains a UNESCO World Heritage Site comprising three buildings: the Alcazar palace complex, the Cathedral and the General Archive of the Indies. The Seville harbour, located about 80 kilometres from the Atlantic Ocean, is the only river port in Spain. The capital of Andalusia features hot temperatures in the summer, with daily maximums routinely above 35 degC in July and August. Seville was founded as the Roman city of Hispalis. Known as Ishbiliyah after the Islamic conquest in 711, Seville became the centre of the independent Taifa of Seville following the collapse of the Caliphate of Cordoba in the early 11th century; later it was ruled by Almoravids and Almohads until being incorporated to the Crown of Castile in 1248. Owing to its role as gateway of the Spanish Empire's trans-atlantic trade, managed from the Casa de Contratacion, Seville became one of the largest cities in Western Europe in the 16th century. Coinciding with the Baroque period, the 17th century in Seville represented the most brilliant flowering of the city's culture. Upon diminishing draught conditions in the Guadalquivir, the American trade gradually moved away from the city of Seville, initially in favor of downstream dependent berths and eventually in favor of the Bay of Cadiz, where the head of the fleets of the Indies and the Casa de la Contratacion were eventually transferred to. The 20th century in Seville saw the tribulations of the Spanish Civil War, decisive cultural milestones such as the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929 and Expo '92, and the city's election as the capital of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> country <o> Colombia <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> capital of <o> Bolívar Department <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manila <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bogotá <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> part of <o> list of cities in Colombia <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−05:00 <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cádiz <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> significant event <o> Battle of Cartagena de Indias <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cartagena <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nice <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santiago de Cuba <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> shares border with <o> Clemencia <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> shares border with <o> Santa Catalina <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Juan <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> instance of <o> city in Colombia <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Cartagena, Colombia <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> significant event <o> Spanish siege of Cartagena de Indias <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> founded by <o> Pedro de Heredia <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Cartagena <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> shares border with <o> Turbaná <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> shares border with <o> Santa Rosa <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> significant event <o> Siege of Cartagena (1820-21) <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> significant event <o> New Granada Siege of Cartagena de Indias <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Bolívar Department <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Cartagena de Indias <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> shares border with <o> San Onofre <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> shares border with <o> Turbaco <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Francisco de Campeche <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fez <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Cartagena, Colombia <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> legislative body <o> district council of Cartagena de Indias <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> instance of <o> municipality of Colombia <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> twinned administrative body <o> Callao <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> different from <o> Cartagena city <s> Cartagena de Indias <p> executive body <o> office of the mayor of Cartagena <s> Angers <p> different from <o> Angers <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Eugène Proust <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Christophe Béchu <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Alphonse Blanc <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Achille Alexandre Joubert-Bonnaire <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Alexis Maillé <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Anselme François René Papiau de La Verrie <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Christophe de Pincé <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Augustin Giraud <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Auguste Allonneau <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Ernest-Eugène Duboys <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Charles Bouhier <s> Angers <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Angers <p> country <o> France <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> François Raimbault <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Jacques-Ambroise Monprofit <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Guillaume de Cerisay <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Hervé de Pincé <s> Angers <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Angers <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-Ouest <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-Centre <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-Est <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-Nord <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-Trélazé <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-Nord-Est <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> arrondissement of Angers <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> Maine-et-Loire <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Mathurin de Pincé <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Olivier Barrault <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Pierre de Pincé <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Pierre Poyet <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Pierre II Ayrault <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Jules Guitton <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Joseph François Joubert-Bonnaire <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Louis Barot <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Louis Monprofit <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Louis-Charles-Auguste de Houlières <s> Angers <p> twinned administrative body <o> Austin <s> Angers <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Maine-et-Loire <s> Angers <p> part of <o> Communauté urbaine Angers Loire Métropole <s> Angers <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bamako <s> Angers <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wigan <s> Angers <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yantai <s> Angers <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Angers <p> described by source <o> Encyclopedic Lexicon <s> Angers <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Angers <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-Sud <s> Angers <p> significant event <o> Siege of Angers <s> Angers <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pisa <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-Nord-Ouest <s> Angers <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Angers <s> Angers <p> twinned administrative body <o> Osnabrück <s> Angers <p> shares border with <o> Écouflant <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Prégent Brillet de Villemorge <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> René Levavasseur <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> René Montrieux <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> René Ayrault <s> Angers <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Communauté urbaine Angers Loire Métropole <s> Angers <p> shares border with <o> Trélazé <s> Angers <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Angers <s> Angers <p> shares border with <o> Les Ponts-de-Cé <s> Angers <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Angers <s> Angers <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Angers <s> Angers <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toruń <s> Angers <p> uses <o> Qwant <s> Angers <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> arrondissement of Angers <s> Angers <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Angers <s> Angers <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Angers <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-5 <s> Angers <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Maine <s> Angers <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Mayenne <s> Angers <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Sarthe <s> Angers <p> shares border with <o> Saint-Barthélemy-d'Anjou <s> Angers <p> instance of <o> city <s> Angers <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Angers <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Angers <p> shares border with <o> Avrillé <s> Angers <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Angers <s> Angers <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Angers <s> Angers <p> open data portal <o> Angers Loire Metropol Data Catalog <s> Angers <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Angers <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> Anjou <s> Angers <p> shares border with <o> Sainte-Gemmes-sur-Loire <s> Angers <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Jean Guignard <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Jacques Millot <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Jean-Claude Antonini <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Jean Ayrault <s> Angers <p> shares border with <o> Beaucouzé <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Frédéric Béatse <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Victor Chatenay <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Victor Bernier <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Urbain-René Pilastre de la Brardière <s> Angers <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Angers <s> Angers <p> instance of <o> commune of France <s> Angers <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Angers <p> twinned administrative body <o> Södertälje Municipality <s> Angers <p> shares border with <o> Bouchemaine <s> Angers <p> twinned administrative body <o> Haarlem <s> Angers <p> shares border with <o> Cantenay-Épinard <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Thomas-Marie-Gabriel Desmazières <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> René Robert des Marchais <s> Angers <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Angers <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Jean Turc <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Jean de Pincé <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Joseph-Pierre Joubert-Bonnaire <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Jean Joxé <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-3 <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-2 <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-4 <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-1 <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-6 <s> Angers <p> capital of <o> canton of Angers-7 <s> Angers <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Angers <p> archives at <o> archives municipales de la ville d'Angers et d'Angers Loire Métropole <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Anselme René Bucher de Chauvigné <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Jean Monnier <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Antoine Farran <s> Angers <p> head of government <o> Jean-François Allard <s> Angers <p> flag <o> flag of Angers <s> Tarija <p> instance of <o> city <s> Tarija <p> country <o> Bolivia <s> Tarija <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Tarija <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montpellier <s> Tarija <p> twinned administrative body <o> Salta <s> Tarija <p> twinned administrative body <o> Córdoba <s> Tarija <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Salvador de Jujuy <s> Tarija <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Tarija <p> capital of <o> Tarija Department <s> Tarija <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tarija <s> Tarija <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Cercado <s> Tarija <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Tarija <s> Tarija <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Tarija <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Tarija <s> Tarija <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brasschaat <s> Tarija <p> twinned administrative body <o> Torija <s> Category:Maps of Seville <p> category combines topics <o> Seville <s> Category:Maps of Seville <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Category:Maps of Seville <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> instance of <o> human <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> country of citizenship <o> Spain <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Spanish <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> place of birth <o> Seville <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> work location <o> Madrid <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> work location <o> Seville <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> occupation <o> lawyer <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> occupation <o> politician <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> member of political party <o> Spanish Socialist Workers' Party <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> given name <o> Juan <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> member of <o> Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> position held <o> member of the Senate of Spain <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> educated at <o> University of Seville <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> educated at <o> Carlos III University of Madrid <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> position held <o> mayor of Seville <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> family name <o> Espadas <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Juan Espadas Cejas <p> second family name in Spanish name <o> Cejas <s> Camas <p> different from <o> Camas <s> Camas <p> capital <o> Camas <s> Camas <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Camas <p> country <o> Spain <s> Camas <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> Camas <p> shares border with <o> Castilleja de la Cuesta <s> Camas <p> shares border with <o> Santiponce <s> Camas <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Camas, Seville <s> Camas <p> part of <o> notary district of Seville <s> Camas <p> shares border with <o> Seville <s> Camas <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Camas, Seville <s> Camas <p> shares border with <o> Tomares <s> Camas <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Camas <s> Camas <p> patron saint <o> Our Lady of Sorrows <s> Camas <p> head of government <o> Rafael Alfonso Recio Fernández <s> Camas <p> shares border with <o> Castilleja de Guzmán <s> Camas <p> shares border with <o> Valencina de la Concepción <s> Camas <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Isla Cristina <p> country <o> Spain <s> Isla Cristina <p> capital <o> Isla Cristina <s> Isla Cristina <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Isla Cristina <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Isla Cristina <p> head of government <o> Maria Luisa Faneca Lopez <s> Isla Cristina <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Isla Cristina <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Atlantic Ocean <s> Isla Cristina <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Huelva <s> Isla Cristina <p> shares border with <o> Ayamonte <s> Isla Cristina <p> part of <o> Costa Occidental de Huelva <s> Isla Cristina <p> shares border with <o> Villablanca <s> Isla Cristina <p> shares border with <o> Lepe <s> Isla Cristina <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Isla Cristina <s> Isla Cristina <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Isla Cristina <s> Isla Cristina <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Isla Cristina <s> La Rinconada <p> different from <o> La Rinconada <s> La Rinconada <p> part of <o> Comarca Metropolitana de Sevilla <s> La Rinconada <p> country <o> Spain <s> La Rinconada <p> patron saint <o> Our Lady of Sorrows <s> La Rinconada <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> La Rinconada <p> shares border with <o> Seville <s> La Rinconada <p> shares border with <o> Carmona <s> La Rinconada <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> La Rinconada <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> La Rinconada <p> shares border with <o> Brenes <s> La Rinconada <p> capital <o> La Rinconada <s> La Rinconada <p> part of <o> notary district of Seville <s> La Rinconada <p> significant event <o> Seville A400M crash <s> La Rinconada <p> topic's main category <o> Category:La Rinconada <s> La Rinconada <p> shares border with <o> Alcalá del Río <s> La Rinconada <p> shares border with <o> La Algaba <s> La Rinconada <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of La Rinconada <s> La Rinconada <p> category for people born here <o> Category:People from La Rinconada <s> La Rinconada <p> head of government <o> Francisco Javier Fernández de los Ríos Torres <s> La Rinconada <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville metropolitan area <s> La Algaba <p> capital <o> La Algaba <s> La Algaba <p> shares border with <o> Seville <s> La Algaba <p> shares border with <o> La Rinconada <s> La Algaba <p> shares border with <o> Alcalá del Río <s> La Algaba <p> country <o> Spain <s> La Algaba <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seville Province <s> La Algaba <p> part of <o> Vega del Guadalquivir <s> La Algaba <p> part of <o> notary district of Seville <s> La Algaba <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> La Algaba <p> head of government <o> Diego Manuel Agüera Piñero <s> La Algaba <p> topic's main category <o> Category:La Algaba <s> La Algaba <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of La Algaba <s> La Algaba <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> La Algaba <p> shares border with <o> Guillena <s> La Algaba <p> shares border with <o> Salteras <s> Judaism <p> partially coincident with <o> ethnic group <s> Judaism <p> ethnic group <o> Jewish people <s> Judaism <p> has characteristic <o> monotheism <s> Judaism <p> location of formation <o> Mesopotamia <s> Judaism <p> instance of <o> religion <s> Judaism <p> studied in <o> Jewish studies <s> Judaism <p> history of topic <o> Jewish history <s> Judaism <p> represented by <o> Jewish religious community <s> Judaism <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Judaism <s> Judaism <p> practiced by <o> rabbi <s> Judaism <p> instance of <o> lifestyle <s> Judaism <p> foundational text <o> Torah <s> Judaism <p> foundational text <o> Hebrew Bible <s> Judaism <p> founded by <o> Abraham <s> Judaism <p> named after <o> Judah <s> Judaism <p> ethnic group <o> Samaritan <s> Judaism <p> has part(s) <o> Jewish religious movements <s> Judaism <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Judaism <p> Wikimedia outline <o> outline of Judaism <s> Judaism <p> practiced by <o> Jewish leadership <s> Judaism <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Judaism <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Judaism <s> Judaism <p> has list <o> list of Jewish communities by country <s> Judaism <p> partially coincident with <o> Jewish culture <s> Judaism <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Judaism <p> practiced by <o> Dayan <s> Judaism <p> foundational text <o> Talmud <s> Judaism <p> operating area <o> worldwide <s> Judaism <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Judaism <s> Judaism <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Jews and Judaism sidebar <s> Judaism <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have <s> Judaism <p> instance of <o> ethnic religion <s> Judaism <p> said to be the same as <o> Giudaismo <s> Judaism <p> subclass of <o> Abrahamic religion <s> Judaism <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Judaism <p> subclass of <o> monotheistic religion <s> Judaism <p> location <o> worldwide <s> Judaism <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Judaism <p> studied in <o> sociology of Jewry <s> Judaism <p> described by source <o> Metropolitan Museum of Art Tagging Vocabulary <s> Judaism <p> described by source <o> encyclopedia.com <s> Judaism <p> permanent duplicated item <o> Jewish religion </Graph>

<Text> :Cartagena , known since the colonial era as Cartagena de Indias , is a city and one of the major ports on the northern coast of Colombia in the Caribbean Coast Region, along the Caribbean sea. Cartagena's past role as a link in the route to the West Indies provides it with important historical value for world exploration and preservation of heritage from the great commercial maritime routes. As a former Spanish colony, it was a key port for the export of Bolivian silver to Spain and for the import of enslaved Africans under the asiento system. It was defensible against pirate attacks in the Caribbean. The city's strategic location between the Magdalena and Sinu Rivers also gave it easy access to the interior of New Granada and made it a main port for trade between Spain and its overseas empire, establishing its importance by the early 1540s. Modern Cartagena is the capital of the Bolivar Department, and had a population of 876,885 according to the 2018 census, making it the second-largest city in the Caribbean region, after Barranquilla, and the fifth-largest city in Colombia. The metropolitan area of Cartagena is the sixth-largest urban area in the country, after metropolitan area of Bucaramanga. Economic activities include the maritime and petrochemical industries, as well as tourism. The present city -- named after Cartagena, Spain and by extension, the historic city of Carthage - was founded on 1 June 1533, making it one of South America's oldest colonial cities; but settlement by various indigenous people in the region around Cartagena Bay dates from 4000 BC. During the Spanish colonial period Cartagena had a key role in administration and expansion of the Spanish empire. It was a center of political, ecclesiastical, and economic activity. In 1984, Cartagena's colonial walled city and fortress were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Puerto Hormiga Culture, founded in the Caribbean coast region, particularly in the area from the Sinu River Delta to the Cartagena Bay, appears to be the first documented human community in what is now Colombia. Archeologists estimate that around 4000 BC, the formative culture was located near the boundary between the current departments of Bolivar and Sucre. In this area, archeologists have found the most ancient ceramic objects of the Americas, dating from around 4000 BC. The primary reason for the proliferation of primitive societies in this area is thought to have been the relative mild climate and the abundance of wildlife, which allowed the hunting inhabitants a comfortable life. Angers is a city in western France, about 300 km southwest of Paris. It is the prefecture of the Maine-et-Loire department and was the capital of the province of Anjou until the French Revolution. The inhabitants of both the city and the province are called Angevins or, more rarely, Angeriens. Angers proper covers 42.70 square kilometers and has a population of 154,508 inhabitants, while around 432,900 live in its metropolitan area . The Angers Loire Metropole is made up of 29 communes covering 667 square kilometers with 299,500 inhabitants . Not including the broader metropolitan area, Angers is the third most populous commune in northwestern France after Nantes and Rennes and the 18th most populous commune in France. For centuries, Angers was an important stronghold in northwestern France. It was the cradle of the Plantagenet dynasty and became one of the intellectual centers of Europe during the reign of Rene of Anjou. Angers developed at the confluence of three rivers, the Mayenne, the Sarthe, and the Loir, all coming from the north and flowing south to the Loire. Their confluence, just north of Angers, creates the Maine, a short but wide river that flows into the Loire several kilometres south. Today, Angers stands out for its specialization in the plant sector: Vegepolys is Europe's leading horticultural competitiveness cluster, and the city is also home to the headquarters of the Community Plant Variety Office. In addition, the Angers metropolitan area is a major economic centre in western France, particularly active in industry and tourism. Angers enjoys a rich cultural life, made possible by its universities and museums. The old medieval center is still dominated by the massive chateau of the Plantagenets, home of the Apocalypse Tapestry, the biggest medieval tapestry ensemble in the world. Angers is also both at the edge of the Val de Loire, a World Heritage Site, and the Loire-Anjou-Touraine regional natural park. Tarija or San Bernardo de la Frontera de Tarixa is a city in southern Bolivia. Founded in 1574, Tarija is the largest city and capital and municipality within the Tarija Department, with an airport ) offering regular service to primary Bolivian cities, as well as a regional bus terminal with domestic and international connections. Its climate is semi-arid with generally mild temperatures in contrast to the harsh cold of the Altiplano and the year-round humid heat of the Amazon Basin . Tarija has a population of 234,442. The name of Tarija is said to come from Francisco de Tarija or Tarifa. This group did not include anyone by the name of Francisco de Tarija. Similar-sounding toponyms exist for surrounding places, such as Tariquia and Taxara. In 1826 the citizens of Tarija voted to become part of Bolivia. In 1807, Tarija had become separated from Upper Peru to become part of the jurisdiction of Salta , but because of its close ties to what became Bolivia, it returned to its original jurisdiction. In 1899, Argentina renounced its claims in exchange for the Puna de Atacama. The valley that Tarija is situated in was first occupied by Western Hemispheric indigenous groups, such as the Churumatas. Subsequently, the Inca Empire - administered by the Quechua civilization - conquered the land and dispersed the Churumatas and other local groups over wide territories of the Andes. Mitimaes is the Quechuan name that the Incas used for the resisting ethnic groups they uprooted and then dispersed geographically. The Tomatas are thought to have been brought to San Juan del Oro River in the vicinities of Tarija from Norte Chico, Chile. The Tomatas appear to have given placenames from their old lands to their new area of settlement thus explaining the existence of "Chilean" placenames such as Loa, Calama, and Erqui in Bolivia. In 1574 conquistador Luis de Fuentes resettled the Tomatas next to the city Tarija. When the Spanish first arrived to the valley of Tarija they encountered several stone roads, most likely the remnants of pre-Incaic cultures, such as that of the Churumatas. However, during that period, the presence of indigenous peoples remained sparse within the valley. Several of the pre-Incaic roads and trails have been preserved, and currently function as a walking trail for Tarijenos. It is a popular summer holiday resort, particularly with the Spaniards themselves. Sevillanos flock to the area in July and August, much of the attraction being the kilometers of 'Blue Flag' standard beaches. Isla Cristina was given its current name on April 12, 1834 in honor of Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies and her service to the regions of Andalusia and Extremadura during the cholera epidemic of 1833-34. The city was originally called La Higuerita , also La Figarilla or La Figuerta when it was founded in 1755. The name was christened as Real Isla de La Higuerita in 1802. La Algaba is a Spanish municipality in the province of Seville, Andalusia, with a population of around 16,000. It belongs to the region of La Vega, 7 km from the province's capital, Seville. The town dates back to the Byzantine Empire and has many historical artifacts and significant churches. The Guadalquivir river features prominently in the history of La Algaba. The river acquires a considerable width here, with large poplars leaning over the water and is surrounded by numerous orange orchards. Fishing on its banks is a common activity among locals. The town is also known for its many festivals. The earliest mention of a settlement in this vicinity comes from the early Byzantine Empire , mentioning that the descendants of the earlier Tartessian civilization had founded the village of Balbilis at this location. This village was later destroyed by the Visigoths. The town's current name comes from the Arabic Al-Gaba , which means 'the forest'. Fernando III conquered the area in 1247 and gave it to his son Don Fadrique. At Fadrique's death, the area reverted to the crown. In 1304 it was given to infant Don Alfonso de la Cerda, who later ceded it to the Duke of Niebla. Next, the area was ruled by Don Juan Guzman Medina Sidonia. In the 16th century, CE Philip II of Spain created the Marquess of La Algaba to counterbalance the economic hardship of the Treasury. In the 19th century, a municipal government was established. The original population centre consisted of an ample fortified settlement, able to accommodate the existing population at the time by far, and has later expanded with the construction of modern buildings. Thus, next to the original city boundaries, a number of neighborhoods have grown, especially during the second half of the 20th century. The most recent buildings have progressively tended to occupy the farming lands that are delimited by three physical borders; namely river Guadalquivir, regional road SE-431 and the road to Santiponce. Judaism is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and widely an ethnic religion. It comprises the collective spiritual, cultural, and legal traditions of the Jewish people, having originated as an organized religion in the Middle East during the Bronze Age. Contemporary Judaism evolved from Yahwism, the cultic religious movement of ancient Israel and Judah, around the 6th/5th century BCE, and is thus considered to be one of the oldest monotheistic religions. Religious Jews regard Judaism as their means of observing the Mosaic covenant, which was established between God and the Israelites, their ancestors. Along with Samaritanism, to which it is closely related, Judaism is one of the two oldest Abrahamic religions. Jewish religious doctrine encompasses a wide body of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization. Among Judaism's core texts is the Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, a collection of ancient Hebrew scriptures. The Tanakh, known in English as the Hebrew Bible, is also referred to as the "Old Testament" in Christianity. In addition to the original written scripture, the supplemental Oral Torah is represented by later texts, such as the Midrash and the Talmud. The Hebrew-language word torah can mean "teaching", "law", or "instruction", although "Torah" can also be used as a general term that refers to any Jewish text that expands or elaborates on the original Five Books of Moses. Representing the core of the Jewish spiritual and religious tradition, the Torah is a term and a set of teachings that are explicitly self-positioned as encompassing at least seventy, and potentially infinite, facets and interpretations. Judaism's texts, traditions, and values strongly influenced later Abrahamic religions, including Christianity and Islam. Hebraism, like Hellenism, played a seminal role in the formation of Western civilization through its impact as a core background element of Early Christianity. Within Judaism, there are a variety of religious movements, most of which emerged from Rabbinic Judaism, which holds that God revealed his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of both the Written and Oral Torah. Historically, all or part of this assertion was challenged by various groups such as the Sadducees and Hellenistic Judaism during the Second Temple period; the Karaites during the early and later medieval period; and among segments of the modern non-Orthodox denominations. Some modern branches of Judaism such as Humanistic Judaism may be considered secular or nontheistic. Today, the largest Jewish religious movements are Orthodox Judaism , Conservative Judaism, and Reform Judaism. Major sources of difference between these groups are their approaches to halakha , the authority of the rabbinic tradition, and the significance of the State of Israel. Orthodox Judaism maintains that the Torah and halakha are divine in origin, eternal and unalterable, and that they should be strictly followed. Conservative and Reform Judaism are more liberal, with Conservative Judaism generally promoting a more traditionalist interpretation of Judaism's requirements than Reform Judaism. A typical Reform position is that halakha should be viewed as a set of general guidelines rather than as a set of restrictions and obligations whose observance is required of all Jews. Historically, special courts enforced halakha; today, these courts still exist but the practice of Judaism is mostly voluntary. Authority on theological and legal matters is not vested in any one person or organization, but in the sacred texts and the rabbis and scholars who interpret them. Jews are an ethnoreligious group including those born Jewish , in addition to converts to Judaism. In 2021, the world Jewish population was estimated at 15.2 million, or roughly 0.195% of the total world population, although religious observance varies from strict to none. In 2021, about 45.6% of all Jews resided in Israel and another 42.1% resided in the United States and Canada, with most of the remainder living in Europe, and other groups spread throughout Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Australia. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> 14th-century Sienese Painting, room 3 <p> has part(s) <o> Annunciation with St. Margaret and St. Ansanus <s> 14th-century Sienese Painting, room 3 <p> country <o> Italy <s> 14th-century Sienese Painting, room 3 <p> instance of <o> exhibition space <s> 14th-century Sienese Painting, room 3 <p> occupant <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> 14th-century Sienese Painting, room 3 <p> location <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> 14th-century Sienese Painting, room 3 <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Bronzino, room 64 <p> country <o> Italy <s> Bronzino, room 64 <p> instance of <o> exhibition space <s> Bronzino, room 64 <p> has part(s) <o> Portrait of Bartolomeo Panciatichi <s> Bronzino, room 64 <p> location <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Bronzino, room 64 <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Room A7 Lorenzo Monaco - Gentile da Fabriano <p> has part(s) <o> Adoration of the Magi <s> Room A7 Lorenzo Monaco - Gentile da Fabriano <p> instance of <o> exhibition space <s> Room A7 Lorenzo Monaco - Gentile da Fabriano <p> location <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Room A7 Lorenzo Monaco - Gentile da Fabriano <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Room A9 Paolo Uccello - Filippo Lippi - Piero della Francesca <p> instance of <o> exhibition space <s> Room A9 Paolo Uccello - Filippo Lippi - Piero della Francesca <p> location <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Room A9 Paolo Uccello - Filippo Lippi - Piero della Francesca <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Room A9 Paolo Uccello - Filippo Lippi - Piero della Francesca <p> has part(s) <o> Diptych of Federico da Montefeltro and Battista Sforza <s> Room A3 12th-century <p> instance of <o> exhibition space <s> Room A3 12th-century <p> location <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Room A3 12th-century <p> part of <o> Uffizi Gallery <s> Room A3 12th-century <p> has part(s) <o> Crucifix with Stories of the Passion of Christ <s> Room A3 12th-century <p> has part(s) <o> Crucifix 432 with stories of the Passion and Redemption <s> Room A3 12th-century <p> has part(s) <o> Christ the Redeemer alongside Saints Peter, the Virgin Mary, John the Evangelist and Paul <s> Room A3 12th-century <p> has part(s) <o> Virgin and Child enthroned; Annunciation <s> Room A3 12th-century <p> has part(s) <o> Saint Luke <s> start of manufacturing <p> facet of <o> construction <s> start of manufacturing <p> subclass of <o> start time <s> start of manufacturing <p> subclass of <o> key event <s> start of manufacturing <p> opposite of <o> end of manufacturing <s> start of manufacturing <p> facet of <o> construction <s> Lombardy <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> country <o> Italy <s> Lombardy <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> language used <o> Italian <s> Lombardy <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Italy <s> Lombardy <p> language used <o> Lombard <s> Lombardy <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Lombardy <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Lombardy <p> patron saint <o> Ambrose <s> Lombardy <p> member of <o> Climate Alliance <s> Lombardy <p> capital <o> Milan <s> Lombardy <p> member of <o> Four Motors for Europe <s> Lombardy <p> shares border with <o> Veneto <s> Lombardy <p> shares border with <o> Piedmont <s> Lombardy <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Lombardy <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Bergamo <s> Lombardy <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> instance of <o> region of Italy <s> Lombardy <p> shares border with <o> Trentino-South Tyrol <s> Lombardy <p> has part(s) <o> Milan metropolitan area <s> Lombardy <p> shares border with <o> Emilia-Romagna <s> Lombardy <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Lombardy <p> office held by head of government <o> president of Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Sondrio <s> Lombardy <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Pavia <s> Lombardy <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Monza and Brianza <s> Lombardy <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Como <s> Lombardy <p> geography of topic <o> geography of Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> twinned administrative body <o> Osaka Prefecture <s> Lombardy <p> instance of <o> cultural region <s> Lombardy <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Varese <s> Lombardy <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Brescia <s> Lombardy <p> head of government <o> Attilio Fontana <s> Lombardy <p> shares border with <o> Grisons <s> Lombardy <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Lecco <s> Lombardy <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Cremona <s> Lombardy <p> shares border with <o> Ticino <s> Lombardy <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Lodi <s> Lombardy <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Mantua <s> Lombardy <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Lombardy <p> legislative body <o> Regional Council of Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> named after <o> Langobardia <s> Lombardy <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> province of Milan <s> Lombardy <p> described by source <o> Vlastenský slovník historický <s> Lombardy <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> executive body <o> Government of Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> open data portal <o> Lombardy Open Data Portal <s> Lombardy <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Lombardy <s> Lombardy <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Lombardy <s> Open Data Milano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Open Data Milano <p> owned by <o> Milan <s> Open Data Milano <p> main subject <o> Milan <s> Open Data Milano <p> language of work or name <o> Italian <s> Open Data Milano <p> instance of <o> open data portal <s> Category:Maps of Milan <p> category combines topics <o> Milan <s> Category:Maps of Milan <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Category:Maps of Milan <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> economy of Milan <p> country <o> Italy <s> economy of Milan <p> location <o> Milan <s> economy of Milan <p> instance of <o> regional economy <s> economy of Milan <p> subclass of <o> economy of Lombardy <s> economy of Milan <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Economy of Milan </Graph>

<Text> :Lombardy is an administrative region of Italy that covers 23,844 km2 ; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Lombardy is located between the Alps mountain range and tributaries of the river Po, and includes Milan, its capital, the largest metropolitan area in the country, and among the largest in the EU. Its territory is divided into 1,502 comuni , distributed in twelve administrative subdivisions . The region ranks first in Italy in terms of population, population density and number of local authorities, while it is fourth in terms of surface area, after Sicily, Piedmont and Sardinia. It is the second most populous region of the European Union , and the second region of the European Union by nominal GDP. Lombardy is the first region of Italy in terms of economic importance, contributing to approximately a fifth of the national gross domestic product . Lombardy is a member of the Four Motors for Europe, an international economical organization whose other members are Baden-Wurttemberg in Germany, Catalonia in Spain, and Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes in France. Milan is the economic capital of Italy and is a global financial centre. Of the fifty-eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Italy, eleven are in Lombardy, tying in with Castile and Leon in northwest-central Spain. Virgil, Pliny the Elder, Ambrose, Gerolamo Cardano, Caravaggio, Claudio Monteverdi, Antonio Stradivari, Cesare Beccaria, Alessandro Volta, and Alessandro Manzoni; and popes John XXIII and Paul VI originated in the area of modern-day Lombardy region. Milan is the capital of the Lombardy region in northern Italy and is the wealthiest city in Italy. Milan and Lombardy had a GDP of EUR400 billion and EUR650 billion respectively in 2017. Milan surpassed Berlin in the size of its economy in 2014, and has since been the richest city among the Four Motors for Europe. It is a member of the Blue Banana corridor among Europe's economic leaders. Milan's Porta Nuova District is Europe's richest subdivision within any city, with a GDP of EUR257 billion in 2016 which is comparable to the GDP of the world's 34th richest country, Philippines. The city center also houses Europe's most expensive street, Via Montenapoleone and the National Stock Exchange, Borsa Italiana. Milan is considered as one of the fashion capitals of the World together with New York, Paris, and London. Major fashion houses and labels, such as Versace, Armani, Valentino, Prada, Dolce & Gabbana, Moschino, Moncler, Luxottica, Trussardi, and Missoni are headquartered in Milan. Milan was named Europe's most expensive city in 2015 based on the cost of its lodgings ranking higher than Stockholm in second place and Munich in third place. Milan is the world's 11th most expensive city for expatriate employees and its influence in fashion, commerce, business, banking, design, trade and industry makes it a global city. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:Brockhaus and Efron Jewish Encyclopedia <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Brockhaus and Efron Jewish Encyclopedia <p> category's main topic <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish history <p> subclass of <o> history <s> Jewish history <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Jewish history <p> instance of <o> aspect of history <s> Jewish history <p> part of <o> Jewish studies <s> Jewish history <p> facet of <o> Hebrews <s> Jewish history <p> facet of <o> Jewish people <s> Jewish history <p> different from <o> history of Judaism <s> Jewish history <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Jewish history <s> Jewish history <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Jewish history <s> Jewish encyclopedia <p> subclass of <o> encyclopedia <s> Jewish encyclopedia <p> facet of <o> Judaism <s> Jewish encyclopedia <p> facet of <o> Jewish people <s> Jewish encyclopedia <p> instance of <o> literary genre <s> Jewish encyclopedia <p> subclass of <o> Jewish literature <s> Jewish encyclopedia <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Jewish encyclopedias <s> Jewish encyclopedia <p> different from <o> Jewish Encyclopedia <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 12 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 12 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 12 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 12 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 11 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 11 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 11 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 11 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 14 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 14 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 14 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 14 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 16 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 16 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 16 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 16 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 13 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 13 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 13 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 13 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 15 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 15 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 15 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 15 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 10 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 10 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 10 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 10 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron </Graph>

<Text> :Jews originated from the Israelites and Hebrews of historical Israel and Judah, two related kingdoms that emerged in the Levant during the Iron Age. Although the earliest mention of Israel is inscribed on the Merneptah Stele around 1213-1203 BCE, religious literature tells the story of Israelites going back at least as far as c. 1500 BCE. The Kingdom of Israel fell to the Neo-Assyrian Empire in around 720 BCE, and the Kingdom of Judah to the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 586 BCE. Part of the Judean population was exiled to Babylon. The Assyrian and Babylonian captivities are regarded as representing the start of the Jewish diaspora. After the Persian Achaemenid Empire conquered the region, the exiled Jews were allowed to return and rebuild the temple; these events mark the beginning of the Second Temple period. After several centuries of foreign rule, the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire led to an independent Hasmonean kingdom, but it was gradually incorporated into Roman rule. The Jewish-Roman wars, a series of unsuccessful revolts against the Romans in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE, resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple, and the expulsion of many Jews. The Jewish population in Syria Palaestina gradually decreased during the following centuries, enhancing the role of the Jewish diaspora and shifting the spiritual and demographic center from the depopulated Judea to Galilee and then to Babylon, with smaller communities spread out across the Roman Empire. During the same period, the Mishnah and the Talmud, central Jewish texts, were composed. In the following millennia, the diaspora communities coalesced into three major ethnic subdivisions according to where their ancestors settled: the Ashkenazim , the Sephardim , and the Mizrahim . Byzantine rule over the Levant was lost in the 7th century as the newly established Islamic Caliphate expanded into the Eastern Mediterranean, Mesopotamia, North Africa and later into the Iberian Peninsula. Jewish culture enjoyed a golden age in Spain, with Jews becoming widely accepted in society and their religious, cultural, and economic life blossomed. However, in 1492 the Jews were forced to leave Spain and migrated in great numbers to the Ottoman Empire and Italy. Between the 12th and 15th centuries, Ashkenazi Jews experienced extreme persecution in Central Europe, which prompted their mass migration to Poland. The 18th century saw the rise of the Haskalah intellectual movement. Also starting in the 18th century, Jews began to campaign for Jewish emancipation from restrictive laws and integration into the wider European society. In the 19th century, when Jews in Western Europe were increasingly granted equality before the law, Jews in the Pale of Settlement faced growing persecution, legal restrictions and widespread pogroms. During the 1870s and 1880s, the Jewish population in Europe began to more actively discuss emigration to Ottoman Syria with the aim of re-establishing a Jewish polity in Palestine. The Zionist movement was officially founded in 1897. The pogroms also triggered a mass exodus of more than two million Jews to the United States between 1881 and 1924. The Jews of Europe and the United States gained success in the fields of science, culture and the economy. Among those generally considered the most famous were Albert Einstein and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Many Nobel Prize winners at this time were Jewish, as is still the case. The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day is an English-language encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism up to the early 20th century. The encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer and the editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly. The work's scholarship is still highly regarded. The American Jewish Archives deemed it "the most monumental Jewish scientific work of modern times", and Rabbi Joshua L. Segal said "for events prior to 1900, it is considered to offer a level of scholarship superior to either of the more recent Jewish encyclopedias written in English." Singer conceived of a Jewish encyclopedia in Europe and proposed creating an Allgemeine Encyklopadia fur Geschichte und Wissenschaft des Judenthums in 1891. He envisioned 12 volumes, published over 10 to 15 years, at a cost of 50 dollars as a set. They would contain scientific and unbiased articles on ancient and modern Jewish culture. This proposal received good press coverage and interest from the Brockhaus publishing company. After the House of Rothschild in Paris, consulted by Zadoc Kahn, offered to back the project with only eight percent of the minimum funds requested by Brockaus, the project was abandoned. Following the Dreyfus affair and associated unpleasantness, Singer emigrated to New York City. Initially believing that American Jews could do little more than provide funding for his project, Singer was impressed by the level of scholarship in the United States. He wrote a new prospectus, changing the title of his planned encyclopedia to Encyclopedia of the History and Mental Evolution of the Jewish Race. His radical ecumenism and opposition to orthodoxy upset many of his Jewish readers; nevertheless he attracted the interest of publisher Isaac K. Funk, a Lutheran minister who also believed in integrating Judaism and Christianity. Funk agreed to publish the encyclopedia on the condition that it remain unbiased on issues which might seem unfavorable for Jews. Singer accepted and was established in an office at Funk & Wagnalls on 2 May 1898. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 4 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 4 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 4 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 4 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 9 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 9 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 9 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 9 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 2 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 2 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 2 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 2 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 5 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 5 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 5 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 5 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 1 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 1 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 1 <p> instance of <o> volume <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 1 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 1 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 7 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 7 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 7 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 7 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 3 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 3 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 3 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 3 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 6 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 6 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 6 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 6 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 8 <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 8 <p> part of <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 8 <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. Volume 8 <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Roma <p> part of <o> Roman mythology <s> Roma <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Roma <s> Roma <p> incarnation of <o> Roma <s> Roma <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Roma <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Roma <p> instance of <o> Roman deity <s> Roma <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Roma <p> sex or gender <o> female </Graph>

<Text> :</Text>

<Graph> : <s> Roman Empire <p> named after <o> Rome <s> Roman Empire <p> continent <o> Asia <s> Roman Empire <p> continent <o> Africa <s> Roman Empire <p> language used <o> Latin <s> Roman Empire <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Roman Empire <p> official language <o> Latin <s> Roman Empire <p> capital <o> Rome <s> Roman Empire <p> basic form of government <o> monarchy <s> Roman Empire <p> language used <o> Ancient Greek <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Raetia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Germania Superior <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gallia Narbonensis <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Germania Inferior <s> Roman Empire <p> official religion <o> Christianity <s> Roman Empire <p> capital <o> Milan <s> Roman Empire <p> basic form of government <o> triumvirate <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Assyria <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cappadocia <s> Roman Empire <p> diplomatic relation <o> Han dynasty <s> Roman Empire <p> founded by <o> Augustus <s> Roman Empire <p> capital <o> Constantinople <s> Roman Empire <p> replaced by <o> Western Roman Empire <s> Roman Empire <p> replaces <o> Roman Republic <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pannonia <s> Roman Empire <p> part of <o> Ancient Rome <s> Roman Empire <p> coat of arms <o> Roman legion <s> Roman Empire <p> instance of <o> historical period <s> Roman Empire <p> diplomatic relation <o> Hibernia <s> Roman Empire <p> named after <o> Province of Imperia <s> Roman Empire <p> said to be the same as <o> Daqin <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Arabia Petraea <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gallia Lugdunensis <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hispania <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Roman Britain <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Alpes Graiae <s> Roman Empire <p> flag <o> vexillum <s> Roman Empire <p> coat of arms <o> vexillum <s> Roman Empire <p> basic form of government <o> autocracy <s> Roman Empire <p> replaced by <o> Byzantine Empire <s> Roman Empire <p> follows <o> Hellenistic period <s> Roman Empire <p> official religion <o> ancient Roman religion <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lusitania <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Corsica and Sardinia <s> Roman Empire <p> different from <o> Latin Empire <s> Roman Empire <p> official language <o> Ancient Greek <s> Roman Empire <p> religion or worldview <o> ancient Roman religion <s> Roman Empire <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Alpes Maritimae <s> Roman Empire <p> participant in <o> military history of ancient Rome <s> Roman Empire <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have <s> Roman Empire <p> economy of topic <o> economy of the Roman Empire <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Achaea <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gallia Belgica <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Macedonia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asia <s> Roman Empire <p> capital <o> Ravenna <s> Roman Empire <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Roman Empire <s> Roman Empire <p> time period <o> classical antiquity <s> Roman Empire <p> has part(s) <o> High Roman Empire <s> Roman Empire <p> has part(s) <o> Low Roman Empire <s> Roman Empire <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Roman Empire <p> instance of <o> historical country <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Upper Pannonia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Thracia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Alpes Cottiae <s> Roman Empire <p> history of topic <o> history of the Roman Empire <s> Roman Empire <p> basic form of government <o> Roman Tetrarchy <s> Roman Empire <p> currency <o> Roman currency <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Transalpine Gaul <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Judaea <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dacia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Britannia Superior <s> Roman Empire <p> diplomatic relation <o> Germania <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Roman Egypt <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Africa <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sicilia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Creta et Cyrenaica <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Alpes Poeninae <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Moesia Superior <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Britannia Inferior <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hispania Baetica <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hispania Tarraconensis <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hispania Ulterior <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mauretania Caesariensis <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gallia Aquitania <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hispania Citerior <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Moesia Inferior <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mauretania Tingitana <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dacia Ripensis <s> Roman Empire <p> capital <o> Roma <s> Roman Empire <p> said to be the same as <o> Roman imperial period <s> Roman Empire <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Roman Empire <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Galatia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lycia et Pamphylia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lower Pannonia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Roman Syria <s> Roman Empire <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from the Roman Empire <s> Roman Empire <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of the Roman Empire <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Illyricum <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mesopotamia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dacia Inferior <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Roman Armenia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dalmatia <s> Roman Empire <p> described by source <o> Book of Jin <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Epirus <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Syria Palaestina <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Roman Italy <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bithynia et Pontus <s> Roman Empire <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of the Roman Empire <s> Roman Empire <p> shares border with <o> Parthian Empire <s> Roman Empire <p> office held by head of state <o> Roman emperor <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cyprus <s> Roman Empire <p> religion or worldview <o> state church of the Roman Empire <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Noricum <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cilicia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dacia Mediterranea <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tres Daciae <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Osroene <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Syria Phoenice <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Moesia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Numidia <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dacia Superior <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Coele-Syria <s> Roman Empire <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Apulia and Calabria <s> Roman Empire <p> legislative body <o> Senate of the Roman Empire <s> Roman Republic <p> continent <o> Africa <s> Roman Republic <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Roman Republic <p> language used <o> Latin <s> Roman Republic <p> continent <o> Asia <s> Roman Republic <p> instance of <o> empire <s> Roman Republic <p> capital <o> Rome <s> Roman Republic <p> language used <o> Ancient Greek <s> Roman Republic <p> instance of <o> historical country <s> Roman Republic <p> different from <o> Roman Republic <s> Roman Republic <p> instance of <o> historical period <s> Roman Republic <p> replaces <o> Roman Kingdom <s> Roman Republic <p> time period <o> classical antiquity <s> Roman Republic <p> replaced by <o> Roman Empire <s> Roman Republic <p> follows <o> Roman Kingdom <s> Roman Republic <p> instance of <o> form of government <s> Roman Republic <p> legislative body <o> Roman Senate <s> Roman Republic <p> currency <o> Roman currency <s> Roman Republic <p> basic form of government <o> aristocratic republic <s> Roman Republic <p> significant event <o> Macedonian Wars <s> Roman Republic <p> significant event <o> Punic Wars <s> Roman Republic <p> significant event <o> Gallic War <s> Roman Republic <p> significant event <o> Pyrrhic War <s> Roman Republic <p> religion or worldview <o> ancient Roman religion <s> Roman Republic <p> has part(s) <o> Late Roman Republic <s> Roman Republic <p> has part(s) <o> Early Roman Republic <s> Roman Republic <p> significant event <o> Sertorian War <s> Roman Republic <p> has part(s) <o> Middle Roman Republic <s> Roman Republic <p> part of <o> Ancient Rome <s> Roman Republic <p> official religion <o> ancient Roman religion <s> Roman Republic <p> significant event <o> Caesar's Civil War <s> Roman Republic <p> significant event <o> Social War of 91-87 BCE <s> Roman Republic <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Roman Republic <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from the Roman Republic <s> Roman Republic <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Roman Republic <s> Roman Kingdom <p> language used <o> Latin <s> Roman Kingdom <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Roman Kingdom <p> replaced by <o> Roman Republic <s> Roman Kingdom <p> capital <o> Rome <s> Roman Kingdom <p> official language <o> Latin <s> Roman Kingdom <p> part of <o> ancient history <s> Roman Kingdom <p> basic form of government <o> elective monarchy <s> Roman Kingdom <p> location <o> Latium <s> Roman Kingdom <p> official religion <o> ancient Roman religion <s> Roman Kingdom <p> office held by head of state <o> King of Rome <s> Roman Kingdom <p> has part(s) <o> Second Roman Kingdom <s> Roman Kingdom <p> capital <o> Roma <s> Roman Kingdom <p> different from <o> list of kings of Rome <s> Roman Kingdom <p> follows <o> Roman Iron Age <s> Roman Kingdom <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Roman Kingdom <p> instance of <o> historical period <s> Roman Kingdom <p> replaces <o> Corniculum <s> Roman Kingdom <p> religion or worldview <o> ancient Roman religion <s> Roman Kingdom <p> legislative body <o> Legislative Assemblies of the Roman Kingdom <s> Roman Kingdom <p> followed by <o> Roman Republic <s> Roman Kingdom <p> continent <o> Eurasia <s> Roman Kingdom <p> subclass of <o> history of ancient Rome <s> Roman Kingdom <p> has part(s) <o> First Roman Kingdom <s> Roman Kingdom <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Roman Kingdom <s> Roma <p> different from <o> Roma <s> Roma <p> instance of <o> musical group <s> Roma <p> country of origin <o> Finland <s> Category:Deaths in Rome (ancient city) <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Rome (ancient city) <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Rome (ancient city) <p> category combines topics <o> Roma <s> Category:Deaths in Rome (ancient city) <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> archaeological site <p> studied in <o> archaeology <s> archaeological site <p> facet of <o> cultural heritage <s> archaeological site <p> Wikidata property <o> archaeological site of <s> archaeological site <p> subclass of <o> location of discovery <s> archaeological site <p> subclass of <o> geographic location <s> archaeological site <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Archaeological sites <s> archaeological site <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Infobox ancient site <s> archaeological site <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Infobox historic site <s> archaeological site <p> different from <o> Archaeological site <s> archaeological site <p> different from <o> archaeological excavation <s> archaeological site <p> subclass of <o> human-geographic territorial entity <s> archaeological site <p> described by source <o> Green Map Icons <s> archaeological site <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 6 <s> archaeological site <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Archaeological monument <s> archaeological site <p> maintained by WikiProject <o> WikiProject Historical Place <s> Wikimedia duplicated page <p> subclass of <o> Wikimedia article page <s> Wikimedia duplicated page <p> subclass of <o> Wikimedia page outside the main knowledge tree <s> Wikimedia duplicated page <p> subclass of <o> duplicate entry <s> Wikimedia duplicated page <p> Wikidata property <o> permanent duplicated item <s> ancient city <p> subclass of <o> city <s> ancient city <p> subclass of <o> archaeological site <s> ancient city <p> part of <o> ancient history <s> ancient city <p> subclass of <o> former settlement <s> ancient city <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ancient cities <s> ancient city <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Infobox ancient city <s> Roma! <p> country of origin <o> United States of America <s> Roma! <p> genre <o> glam rock <s> Roma! <p> instance of <o> musical group <s> Roma! <p> different from <o> Roma <s> Category:Ancient city of Rome <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Ancient city of Rome <p> category's main topic <o> Roma </Graph>

<Text> :The Roman Empire was the post-Republican state of ancient Rome. It is generally understood to mean the period and territory ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC. It included territories in Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia and was ruled by emperors. The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD conventionally marks the end of classical antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages. Rome had expanded its rule to most of the Mediterranean and beyond. However, it was severely destabilized in civil wars and political conflicts which culminated in the victory of Octavian over Mark Antony, Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and the subsequent conquest of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt. In 27 BC, the Roman Senate granted Octavian overarching power and the new title of Augustus, marking his accession as the first Roman emperor of a monarchy with Rome as its sole capital. The vast Roman territories were organized in senatorial and imperial provinces. The first two centuries of the Empire saw a period of unprecedented stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana . Rome reached its greatest territorial expanse under Trajan ; a period of increasing trouble and decline began under Commodus . In the 3rd century, the Empire underwent a crisis that threatened its existence, as the Gallic and Palmyrene Empires broke away from the Roman state, and a series of short-lived emperors led the Empire. It was reunified under Aurelian . Diocletian set up two different imperial courts in the Greek East and Latin West in 286; Christians rose to power in the 4th century after the Edict of Milan. The imperial seat moved from Rome to Byzantium in 330, renamed Constantinople after Constantine the Great. The Migration Period, involving large invasions by Germanic peoples and by the Huns of Attila, led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire. With the fall of Ravenna to the Germanic Herulians and the deposition of Romulus Augustus in 476 AD by Odoacer, the Western Roman Empire finally collapsed. The Eastern Roman Empire survived for another millennium with Constantinople as its sole capital, until the city's fall in 1453. Due to the Empire's extent and endurance, its institutions and culture had a lasting influence on the development of language, religion, art, architecture, literature, philosophy, law, and forms of government across its territories. Latin evolved into the Romance languages while Medieval Greek became the language of the East. The Empire's adoption of Christianity resulted in the formation of medieval Christendom. Roman and Greek art had a profound impact on the Italian Renaissance. Rome's architectural tradition served as the basis for Romanesque, Renaissance and Neoclassical architecture, influencing Islamic architecture. The rediscovery of classical science and technology in medieval Europe contributed to the Scientific Renaissance and Scientific Revolution. Many modern legal systems, such as the Napoleonic Code, descend from Roman law. On the other hand, Rome's republican institutions have influenced the Italian city-state republics of the medieval period, the early United States, and modern democratic republics. The Roman Republic was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. During this period, Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. Roman society at the time was primarily a cultural mix of Latin and Etruscan societies, as well as of Sabine, Oscan, and Greek cultural elements, which is especially visible in the Ancient Roman religion and its Pantheon. Its political organization developed at around the same time as direct democracy in Ancient Greece, with collective and annual magistracies, overseen by a senate. There were annual elections, but the republican system was an elective oligarchy, not a democracy; a small number of powerful families largely monopolised the magistracies. Roman institutions underwent considerable changes throughout the Republic to adapt to the difficulties it faced, such as the creation of promagistracies to rule its conquered provinces, or the composition of the senate. Unlike the Pax Romana of the Roman Empire, throughout the republican era Rome was in a state of quasi-perpetual war. Its first enemies were its Latin and Etruscan neighbours, as well as the Gauls, who sacked Rome in 387 BC. After the Gallic sack, Rome conquered the whole Italian peninsula in a century and thus became a major power in the Mediterranean. Its greatest strategic rival was Carthage, against which it waged three wars. Rome defeated Carthage at the Battle of Zama in 202 BC, becoming the dominant power of the ancient Mediterranean world. It then embarked on a long series of difficult conquests, defeating Philip V and Perseus of Macedon, Antiochus III of the Seleucid Empire, the Lusitanian Viriathus, the Numidian Jugurtha, the Pontic king Mithridates VI, Vercingetorix of the Arverni tribe of Gaul, and the Egyptian queen Cleopatra. At home, during the Conflict of the Orders, the patricians, the closed oligarchic elite, came into conflict with the more numerous plebs; this was resolved peacefully, with the plebs achieving political equality by the 4th century BC. The late Republic, from 133 BC onward, saw substantial domestic strife, often anachronistically seen as a conflict between optimates and populares, referring to conservative and reformist politicians, respectively. The Social War between Rome and its Italian allies over citizenship and Roman hegemony in Italy greatly expanded the scope of civil violence. Mass slavery also contributed to three Servile Wars. Tensions at home coupled with ambitions abroad led to further civil wars. The first involved Marius and Sulla. After a generation, the Republic fell into civil war again in 49 BC between Julius Caesar and Pompey. Despite his victory and appointment as dictator for life, Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC. Caesar's heir Octavian and lieutenant Mark Antony defeated Caesar's assassins in 42 BC, but they eventually split. Antony's defeat alongside his ally and lover Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and the Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian as Augustus in 27 BC--which effectively made him the first Roman emperor--marked the end of the Republic. The Roman Kingdom, also referred to as the Roman monarchy or the regal period of ancient Rome, was the earliest period of Roman history when the city and its territory were ruled by kings. According to tradition, the Roman Kingdom began with the city's founding c. 753 BC, with settlements around the Palatine Hill along the river Tiber in central Italy, and ended with the overthrow of the kings and the establishment of the Republic c. 509 BC. Little is certain about the kingdom's history as no records and few inscriptions from the time of the kings survive. The accounts of this period written during the Republic and the Empire are thought largely to be based on oral tradition. The site of the founding of the Roman Kingdom included a ford where one could cross the river Tiber in central Italy. The Palatine Hill and hills surrounding it provided easily defensible positions in the wide fertile plain surrounding them. Each of these features contributed to the success of the city. The traditional version of Roman history, which has come down principally through Livy , Plutarch , and Dionysius of Halicarnassus , recounts that a series of seven kings ruled the settlement in Rome's first centuries. The traditional chronology, as codified by Varro and Fabius Pictor , allows 243 years for their combined reigns, an average of almost 35 years. Since the work of Barthold Georg Niebuhr, modern scholarship has generally discounted this schema. The Gauls destroyed many of Rome's historical records when they sacked the city after the Battle of the Allia in 390 BC , and what remained eventually fell prey to time or to theft. With no contemporary records of the kingdom surviving, all accounts of the Roman kings must be carefully questioned. An archaeological site is a place in which evidence of past activity is preserved , and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record. Sites may range from those with few or no remains visible above ground, to buildings and other structures still in use. It is almost invariably difficult to delimit a site. It is sometimes taken to indicate a settlement of some sort although the archaeologist must also define the limits of human activity around the settlement. Any episode of deposition such as a hoard or burial can form a site as well. Development-led archaeology undertaken as cultural resources management has the disadvantage of having its sites defined by the limits of the intended development. Even in this case, however, in describing and interpreting the site, the archaeologist will have to look outside the boundaries of the building site. According to Jess Beck in "How Do Archaeologists find sites?" the areas with numerous artifacts are good targets for future excavation, while areas with a small number of artifacts are thought to reflect a lack of past human activity. Many areas have been discovered by accident. The most common person to have found artifacts are farmers who are plowing their fields or just cleaning them up often find archaeological artifacts. Many people who are out hiking and even pilots find artifacts they usually end up reporting them to archaeologists to do further investigation. When they find sites, they have to first record the area, and if they have the money and time for the site they can start digging. There are many ways to find sites, one example can be through surveys. Surveys involve walking around analyzing the land looking for artifacts. It can also involve digging, according to the Archaeological Institute of America, "archaeologists actively search areas that were likely to support human populations, or in places where old documents and records indicate people once lived." This helps archaeologists in the future. In case there was no time, or money during the finding of the site, archaeologists can come back and visit the site for further digging to find out the extent of the site. Archaeologist can also sample randomly within a given area of land as another form of conducting surveys. Surveys are very useful, according to Jess Beck, "it can tell you where people were living at different points in the past." Geophysics is a branch of survey becoming more and more popular in archaeology, because it uses different types of instruments to investigate features below the ground surface. It is not as reliable, because although they can see what is under the surface of the ground it does not produce the best picture. Archaeologists have to still dig up the area in order to uncover the truth. There are also two most common types of geophysical survey, which is, magnetometer and ground penetrating radar. Magnetometry is the technique of measuring and mapping patterns of magnetism in the soil. It uses an instrument called a magnetometer which is required to measure and map traces of soil magnetism. The ground penetrating radar is a method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface. It uses electro magnetic radiation in the microwave band of the radio spectrum, and detects the reflected signals from subsurface structures. A city is a human settlement of a notable size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agreed definition of the lower boundary for their size. In a more narrow sense, a city can be defined as a permanent and densely settled place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, utilities, land use, production of goods, and communication. Their density facilitates interaction between people, government organizations, and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process, such as improving the efficiency of goods and service distribution. Historically, city dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, but following two centuries of unprecedented and rapid urbanization, more than half of the world population now lives in cities, which has had profound consequences for global sustainability. Present-day cities usually form the core of larger metropolitan areas and urban areas--creating numerous commuters traveling toward city centres for employment, entertainment, and education. However, in a world of intensifying globalization, all cities are to varying degrees also connected globally beyond these regions. This increased influence means that cities also have significant influences on global issues, such as sustainable development, climate change, and global health. Because of these major influences on global issues, the international community has prioritized investment in sustainable cities through Sustainable Development Goal 11. Due to the efficiency of transportation and the smaller land consumption, dense cities hold the potential to have a smaller ecological footprint per inhabitant than more sparsely populated areas. Therefore, compact cities are often referred to as a crucial element in fighting climate change. However, this concentration can also have significant negative consequences, such as forming urban heat islands, concentrating pollution, and stressing water supplies and other resources. Other important traits of cities besides population include the capital status and relative continued occupation of the city. For example, country capitals such as Beijing, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, London, Manila, Mexico City, Moscow, Nairobi, New Delhi, Paris, Rome, Seoul, Singapore, Tokyo, and Washington, D.C. reflect the identity and apex of their respective nations. Some historic capitals, such as Istanbul, Yogyakarta, and Xi'an, maintain their reflection of cultural identity even without modern capital status. Religious holy sites offer another example of capital status within a religion; examples include Jerusalem, Mecca, Varanasi, Ayodhya, Haridwar, and Prayagraj. A city can be distinguished from other human settlements by its relatively great size, but also by its functions and its special symbolic status, which may be conferred by a central authority. The term can also refer either to the physical streets and buildings of the city or to the collection of people who dwell there and can be used in a general sense to mean urban rather than rural territory. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Hirpini <p> country <o> Italy <s> Hirpini <p> instance of <o> ethnic group <s> Hirpini <p> native language <o> Oscan <s> Hirpini <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Oscan <s> Hirpini <p> time period <o> classical antiquity <s> Hirpini <p> subclass of <o> Samnites <s> Hirpini <p> subclass of <o> Italic peoples <s> Hirpini <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Hirpini <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Hirpini <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Hirpini <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Province Benevento <p> country <o> Italy <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Lorenzo Maggiore <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Lorenzello <s> Province Benevento <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Benevento <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Lupo <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Marco dei Cavoti <s> Province Benevento <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Campania <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Santa Croce del Sannio <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Nazzaro <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Martino Sannita <s> Province Benevento <p> capital <o> Benevento <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Salvatore Telesino <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sant'Agata de' Goti <s> Province Benevento <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Province of Benevento <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sant'Arcangelo Trimonte <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tocco Caudio <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Telese Terme <s> Province Benevento <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Province of Benevento <s> Province Benevento <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from the Province of Benevento <s> Province Benevento <p> instance of <o> province of Italy <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Nicola Manfredi <s> Province Benevento <p> office held by head of government <o> president of the Province of Benevento <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Castelpoto <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Castelpagano <s> Province Benevento <p> shares border with <o> Province of Avellino <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Castelvenere <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Castelvetere in Val Fortore <s> Province Benevento <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Province Benevento <p> shares border with <o> Province of Caserta <s> Province Benevento <p> shares border with <o> province of Campobasso <s> Province Benevento <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Province of Benevento <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Solopaca <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sassinoro <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dugenta <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Durazzano <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Torrecuso <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Vitulano <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Airola <s> Province Benevento <p> shares border with <o> Province of Foggia <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fragneto Monforte <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cautano <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Foglianise <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Faicchio <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cerreto Sannita <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ceppaloni <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Forchia <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Foiano di Val Fortore <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frasso Telesino <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fragneto l'Abate <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Amorosi <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Apice <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ginestra degli Schiavoni <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Guardia Sanframondi <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Colle Sannita <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Circello <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pannarano <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pago Veiano <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Limatola <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Melizzano <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Moiano <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Morcone <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Montesarchio <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Puglianello <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Reino <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cusano Mutri <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Giorgio del Sannio <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Giorgio La Molara <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Arpaia <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Apollosa <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Paduli <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Arpaise <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pietrelcina <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pesco Sannita <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pietraroja <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Bartolomeo in Galdo <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Paupisi <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Paolisi <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ponte <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pontelandolfo <s> Province Benevento <p> head of government <o> Antonio Di Maria <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bonea <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Baselice <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Buonalbergo <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bucciano <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Molinara <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Montefalcone di Val Fortore <s> Province Benevento <p> shares border with <o> Metropolitan City of Naples <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Leucio del Sannio <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Campolattaro <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Calvi <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Campoli del Monte Taburno <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Casalduni <s> Province Benevento <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Castelfranco in Miscano <s> Split <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Split <s> Split <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Split <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Los Angeles <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rzeszów <s> Split <p> different from <o> Split <s> Split <p> country <o> Croatia <s> Split <p> capital of <o> Split-Dalmatia County <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pescara <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wilmersdorf <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> City of Cockburn <s> Split <p> owner of <o> Stadion Poljud <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Odesa <s> Split <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Split <p> patron saint <o> Saint Domnius <s> Split <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Split <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Split <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ancona <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Antofagasta <s> Split <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Split <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benevento <s> Split <p> described by source <o> Lexicon of Croatian Church music <s> Split <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Antalya <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Agrigento <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Velenje <s> Split <p> replaces <o> Spalatum <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Štip Municipality <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kraków <s> Split <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Split <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Province of Ascoli Piceno <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> İzmir <s> Split <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Split <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Split <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Split <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Punta Arenas <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mostar <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Trondheim <s> Split <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Split-Dalmatia County <s> Split <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Split, Croatia <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Patras <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ostrava <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dover <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kermanshah <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beit Shemesh <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pernik <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cagli <s> Split <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Split, Croatia <s> Split <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Split <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gladsaxe Municipality <s> Split <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Split <s> Split <p> instance of <o> town in Croatia <s> Split <p> head of government <o> Ivica Puljak <s> Pietrelcina <p> country <o> Italy <s> Pietrelcina <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Pietrelcina <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Pietrelcina <p> shares border with <o> Benevento <s> Pietrelcina <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Giovanni Rotondo <s> Pietrelcina <p> twinned administrative body <o> Alatri <s> Pietrelcina <p> capital <o> Pietrelcina <s> Pietrelcina <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province Benevento <s> Pietrelcina <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wadowice <s> Pietrelcina <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Pietrelcina <s> Pietrelcina <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> Pietrelcina <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Pietrelcina <p> shares border with <o> Paduli <s> Pietrelcina <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Pietrelcina <s> Pietrelcina <p> shares border with <o> Pago Veiano <s> Pietrelcina <p> shares border with <o> Pesco Sannita <s> Apollosa <p> country <o> Italy <s> Apollosa <p> shares border with <o> Ceppaloni <s> Apollosa <p> shares border with <o> Castelpoto <s> Apollosa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Apollosa <p> shares border with <o> Benevento <s> Apollosa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Apollosa <p> capital <o> Apollosa <s> Apollosa <p> shares border with <o> Montesarchio <s> Apollosa <p> shares border with <o> San Leucio del Sannio <s> Apollosa <p> shares border with <o> Campoli del Monte Taburno <s> Apollosa <p> shares border with <o> Roccabascerana <s> Apollosa <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Apollosa <s> Apollosa <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Apollosa <p> patron saint <o> Saint Anne <s> Apollosa <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province Benevento <s> Apollosa <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> Pesco Sannita <p> country <o> Italy <s> Pesco Sannita <p> shares border with <o> Benevento <s> Pesco Sannita <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Pesco Sannita <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Pesco Sannita <p> shares border with <o> Fragneto l'Abate <s> Pesco Sannita <p> capital <o> Pesco Sannita <s> Pesco Sannita <p> shares border with <o> Fragneto Monforte <s> Pesco Sannita <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province Benevento <s> Pesco Sannita <p> shares border with <o> San Marco dei Cavoti <s> Pesco Sannita <p> shares border with <o> Reino <s> Pesco Sannita <p> patron saint <o> Saint Nicholas <s> Pesco Sannita <p> shares border with <o> Pietrelcina <s> Pesco Sannita <p> shares border with <o> Pago Veiano <s> Pesco Sannita <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Pesco Sannita <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Pesco Sannita <s> Pesco Sannita <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> Beneventum <p> different from <o> Beneventum <s> Beneventum <p> different from <o> Benevento <s> Beneventum <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia disambiguation page <s> Category:Deaths in Benevento <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Benevento <p> category combines topics <o> Benevento <s> Category:Deaths in Benevento <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Benevento <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Gozo <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Gozo <s> Gozo <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Gozo <p> country <o> Malta <s> Gozo <p> part of <o> Malta <s> Gozo <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Mediterranean Sea <s> Gozo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benevento <s> Gozo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Gozo <p> instance of <o> island <s> Gozo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gotland Municipality <s> Gozo <p> part of <o> Maltese Islands <s> Gozo <p> capital <o> Rabat <s> Gozo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Gozo Region (Ghawdex) <s> Gozo <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Gozo <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Gozo <p> highest point <o> Ta' Dbieġi <s> Gozo <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Maltese Islands <s> Gozo <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Gozo <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Gozo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gozo <s> Gozo <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Gozo <p> described by source <o> Encyclopedic Lexicon <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> country <o> Italy <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> shares border with <o> Benevento <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province Benevento <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> shares border with <o> Pietradefusi <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> shares border with <o> Calvi <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> shares border with <o> Apice <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> shares border with <o> San Nazzaro <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> shares border with <o> San Martino Sannita <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> patron saint <o> Saint George <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> capital <o> San Giorgio del Sannio <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> shares border with <o> Paduli <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> shares border with <o> San Nicola Manfredi <s> San Giorgio del Sannio <p> topic's main category <o> Category:San Giorgio del Sannio </Graph>

<Text> :The Hirpini were an ancient Samnite tribe of Southern Italy. While generally regarded as having been Samnites, sometimes they are treated as a distinct and independent nation. They inhabited the southern portion of Samnium, in the more extensive sense of that name, roughly the area now known as Irpinia from their name--a mountainous region bordering on Basilicata towards the south, on Apulia to the east, and on Campania towards the west. No marked natural boundary separated them from these neighboring nations, but they occupied the lofty masses and groups of the central Apennines, while the plains on each side, and the lower ranges that bounded them, belonged to their more fortunate neighbors. The mountain basin formed by the three tributaries of the Vulturnus --the Tamarus , Calor , and Sabatus , which, with their valleys, unite near Beneventum, surrounded on all sides by lofty and rugged ranges of mountains--is the center and heart of their territory. They occupied the Daunian Mountains to the north, while its more southern portion comprised the upper valley of the Aufidus and the lofty group of mountains where that river takes its rise. Their name derives, according to ancient writers, from hirpus and meant 'those who belong to the wolf'. In accordance with this derivation, their first ancestors were supposedly guided to their new settlements by a wolf. This tradition implies that the Hirpini were regarded as having migrated, like the other Sabellian peoples in the south of Italy, from the north, but when this migration occurred is unknown. From their position in the vastnesses of the central Apennines, they were probably there long before they first appear in history. The early history of the Hirpini cannot be separated from that of the Samnites in general. Their name does not once occur in history during the long protracted struggle between the Romans and the Samnite confederacy , though their territory was often the theatre of the war, and several of their cities, especially Maloenton , are repeatedly mentioned as bearing an important part in the military operations of both powers. Hence, the Hirpini at this time must have formed an integral part of the Samnite league, and were included by the Roman annalists under the general name of Samnites, without distinguishing between the several tribes of that people. For the same reason we can't fix the exact period when the Romans subjugated them, but it must have been before 268 BC, when the Romans established their colony at Beneventum, a position that likely was the military key to the possession of their country. In the Second Punic War, the Hirpini appear as an independent people, acting apart from the rest of the Samnites. Livy expressly uses the name of Samnium in contradistinction to the land of the Hirpini. The latter people was one of those that declared in favour of Hannibal immediately after the battle of Cannae, 216 BC; but the Roman colony of Beneventum never fell into the hands of the Carthaginian general. As early as the following year, three of the smaller towns of the Hirpini were recovered by the Roman praetor M. Valerius. In 214 BC, their territory was the scene of the operations of Hanno against Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, and again in 212 BC of those of the same Carthaginian general with a view to the relief of Capua. It was not until 209 BC, when Hannibal lost all footing in the center of Italy, that the Hirpini submitted to Rome, and gained favourable terms by betraying the Carthaginian garrisons in their towns. Pietrelcina is a town and comune in the province of Benevento in the Campania region of southern Italy. It is the birthplace of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina, better known as Padre Pio. Pesco Sannita is a comune in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 70 kilometres northeast of Naples and about 11 kilometres north of Benevento. Gozo , in antiquity known as Gaulos , is an island in the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of the Republic of Malta. After the island of Malta itself, it is the second-largest island in the archipelago. As of 2021, the island has a population of around 31,232 , and its inhabitants are known as Gozitans . It is rich in historic locations such as the Ggantija temples, which, along with the other Megalithic Temples of Malta, are amongst the world's oldest free-standing structures. The island is rural in character and less developed than the island of Malta. Gozo is known for its scenic hills, which are featured on its coat of arms. The Azure Window in Dwejra, San Lawrenz, a natural limestone arch, was a remarkable geological feature until its collapse on March 8, 2017. The island has other notable natural features, including the Inland Sea and Wied il-Mielah Window. There are a few sandy beaches on the island, namely Ramla Bay in Xaghra and Nadur, as well as seaside resorts that are popular with both locals and tourists, the most popular being Marsalforn and Xlendi. Gozo is considered one of the top diving destinations in the Mediterranean and a centre for water sports. The name of the island in Maltese is Ghawdex, itself descended from Arabic Gwdsh , ultimately from the Phoenician root -- . In Classical times it was known as Gaulos , later as Gaudos, from which the Arabic name derives. San Giorgio del Sannio is a comune in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 60 km northeast of Naples and about 9 km southeast of Benevento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 9,785 and an area of 22.3 km2. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> San Leucio del Sannio <p> country <o> Italy <s> San Leucio del Sannio <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> San Leucio del Sannio <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> San Leucio del Sannio <p> shares border with <o> Benevento <s> San Leucio del Sannio <p> shares border with <o> Apollosa <s> San Leucio del Sannio <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> San Leucio del Sannio <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> San Leucio del Sannio <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province Benevento <s> San Leucio del Sannio <p> shares border with <o> Ceppaloni <s> San Leucio del Sannio <p> shares border with <o> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <s> San Leucio del Sannio <p> patron saint <o> Leucius of Brindisi <s> Foglianise <p> country <o> Italy <s> Foglianise <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Foglianise <p> shares border with <o> Benevento <s> Foglianise <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Foglianise <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province Benevento <s> Foglianise <p> instance of <o> town privileges <s> Foglianise <p> instance of <o> town <s> Foglianise <p> patron saint <o> Roch <s> Foglianise <p> shares border with <o> Castelpoto <s> Foglianise <p> shares border with <o> Torrecuso <s> Foglianise <p> shares border with <o> Vitulano <s> Foglianise <p> patron saint <o> Cyriacus <s> Foglianise <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Foglianise <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Calore Irpino <s> Foglianise <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Jenga <s> Foglianise <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Foglianise <s> Foglianise <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Foglianise <s> Foglianise <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> Foglianise <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Foglianise <s> Foglianise <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People of Foglianise <s> Foglianise <p> mountain range <o> Taburnus <s> Castelpoto <p> country <o> Italy <s> Castelpoto <p> shares border with <o> Benevento <s> Castelpoto <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Castelpoto <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Castelpoto <p> capital <o> Castelpoto <s> Castelpoto <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Castelpoto <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province Benevento <s> Castelpoto <p> shares border with <o> Apollosa <s> Castelpoto <p> shares border with <o> Vitulano <s> Castelpoto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Celano <s> Castelpoto <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Castelpoto <s> Castelpoto <p> patron saint <o> Simplicius, Constantius and Victorinus <s> Castelpoto <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> Castelpoto <p> shares border with <o> Foglianise <s> Castelpoto <p> shares border with <o> Campoli del Monte Taburno <s> Castelpoto <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People of Castelpoto <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Naples <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> country <o> Spain <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> instance of <o> city <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> shares border with <o> Calvià <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> shares border with <o> Valldemossa <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> shares border with <o> Bunyola <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> shares border with <o> Esporles <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> shares border with <o> Llucmajor <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> shares border with <o> Algaida <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> shares border with <o> Puigpunyent <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> shares border with <o> Santa Eugènia <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benevento <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Palma de Mallorca <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ajaccio <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Palma <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mar del Plata <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> owner of <o> Estado Mallorca Son Moix <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Palma de Mallorca <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> different from <o> Palma <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> head of government <o> Jaime Martínez Llabrés <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> shares border with <o> Marratxí <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> shares border with <o> Santa Maria del Camí <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santa Barbara <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Palma <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> capital of <o> Taifa of Mallorca <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Las Palmas de Gran Canaria <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> capital of <o> Mallorca <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Mallorca <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bari <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> capital of <o> Balearic Islands <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> capital of <o> Balearic Islands <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> capital of <o> Balearic Islands <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> capital of <o> Taifa of Mallorca <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> patron saint <o> Our Lady of Good Health <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> official language <o> Spanish <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> twinned administrative body <o> اختلفت الاقاويل <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chimbote <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> patron saint <o> Saint Sebastian <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> capital of <o> Kingdom of Majorca <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Palma de Mallorca <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Palma de Mallorca <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Mallorca <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Portofino <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> coat of arms <o> Coats of arms of Palma de Mallorca <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Alghero <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Mediterranean Sea <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Palma de Mallorca <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Palma de Mallorca <p> capital of <o> Taifa of Majorca <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> country <o> Italy <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ferrara <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> shares border with <o> Benevento <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> capital <o> San Nicola Manfredi <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> shares border with <o> Chianche <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> shares border with <o> Petruro Irpino <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> shares border with <o> Torrioni <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> shares border with <o> Montefusco <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> shares border with <o> Paduli <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> shares border with <o> Ceppaloni <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> shares border with <o> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> shares border with <o> San Martino Sannita <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province Benevento <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> shares border with <o> San Giorgio del Sannio <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> topic's main category <o> Category:San Nicola Manfredi <s> San Nicola Manfredi <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> country <o> Italy <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> shares border with <o> Benevento <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province Benevento <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> shares border with <o> San Martino Sannita <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> shares border with <o> San Leucio del Sannio <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> shares border with <o> Ceppaloni <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> shares border with <o> Chianche <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> shares border with <o> San Nicola Manfredi <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> patron saint <o> Michael <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Sant'Angelo a Cupolo <s> Chelmsford <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Chelmsford <s> Chelmsford <p> historic county <o> Essex <s> Chelmsford <p> country <o> United Kingdom <s> Chelmsford <p> instance of <o> city <s> Chelmsford <p> different from <o> Chelmsford <s> Chelmsford <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benevento <s> Chelmsford <p> twinned administrative body <o> Backnang <s> Chelmsford <p> twinned administrative body <o> Annonay <s> Chelmsford <p> located in time zone <o> UTC±00:00 <s> Chelmsford <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Chelmsford <s> Chelmsford <p> instance of <o> county town <s> Chelmsford <p> instance of <o> city of United Kingdom <s> Chelmsford <p> capital of <o> Chelmsford <s> Chelmsford <p> shares border with <o> Harlow <s> Chelmsford <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Chelmsford <p> instance of <o> market town <s> Chelmsford <p> instance of <o> unparished area <s> Chelmsford <p> located in or next to body of water <o> River Chelmer <s> Chelmsford <p> located in or next to body of water <o> River Can <s> Chelmsford <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Chelmsford <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Chelmsford <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Chelmsford <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Chelmsford <s> Chelmsford <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Chelmsford <s> Chelmsford <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Chelmsford <s> Clemente Mastella <p> instance of <o> human <s> Clemente Mastella <p> work location <o> Rome <s> Clemente Mastella <p> country of citizenship <o> Italy <s> Clemente Mastella <p> work location <o> City of Brussels <s> Clemente Mastella <p> native language <o> Italian <s> Clemente Mastella <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Italian <s> Clemente Mastella <p> position held <o> member of the European Parliament <s> Clemente Mastella <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Clemente Mastella <p> work location <o> Strasbourg <s> Clemente Mastella <p> religion or worldview <o> Catholicism <s> Clemente Mastella <p> occupation <o> journalist <s> Clemente Mastella <p> position held <o> Italian Minister of Justice <s> Clemente Mastella <p> position held <o> member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Italian Republic <s> Clemente Mastella <p> position held <o> member of the Italian Senate <s> Clemente Mastella <p> occupation <o> politician <s> Clemente Mastella <p> place of birth <o> Ceppaloni <s> Clemente Mastella <p> spouse <o> Sandra Lonardo <s> Clemente Mastella <p> educated at <o> University of Naples Federico II <s> Clemente Mastella <p> family name <o> Mastella <s> Clemente Mastella <p> position held <o> Italian Minister of Labour and Social Affairs <s> Clemente Mastella <p> position held <o> mayor of Benevento <s> Clemente Mastella <p> medical condition <o> asthma <s> Clemente Mastella <p> given name <o> Clemente <s> Oxford <p> different from <o> Oxford <s> Oxford <p> country <o> United Kingdom <s> Oxford <p> historic county <o> Oxfordshire <s> Oxford <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Oxford <s> Oxford <p> located in time zone <o> UTC±00:00 <s> Oxford <p> located in time zone <o> Western European Time <s> Oxford <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Oxford <s> Oxford <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Oxford <s> Oxford <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Oxford <p> instance of <o> city <s> Oxford <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bonn <s> Oxford <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grenoble <s> Oxford <p> capital of <o> Oxfordshire <s> Oxford <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Oxford <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Oxford <p> located in time zone <o> Greenwich Mean Time <s> Oxford <p> twinned administrative body <o> Padua <s> Oxford <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Oxford <s> Oxford <p> twinned administrative body <o> Perm <s> Oxford <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Oxford <s> Oxford <p> twinned administrative body <o> Leiden <s> Oxford <p> patron saint <o> Frithuswith <s> Oxford <p> member of <o> Climate Alliance <s> Oxford <p> instance of <o> college town <s> Oxford <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Oxford <p> located in time zone <o> Western European Summer Time <s> Oxford <p> instance of <o> county town <s> Oxford <p> instance of <o> unparished area <s> Oxford <p> twinned administrative body <o> Catania <s> Oxford <p> significant event <o> Siege of Oxford <s> Oxford <p> shares border with <o> Banbury <s> Oxford <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Cherwell <s> Oxford <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Oxford <s> Oxford <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Oxford <s> Oxford <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Oxford <s> Oxford <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Oxford <s> Oxford <p> described by source <o> New Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Oxford <p> described by source <o> Anglické listy <s> Oxford <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Oxford <p> described by source <o> Vlastenský slovník historický <s> Oxford <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Oxford <s> Oxford <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Oxford <s> Oxford <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benevento <s> Oxford <p> located in or next to body of water <o> River Thames <s> Oxford <p> significant event <o> Siege of Oxford <s> Pozzuoli <p> country <o> Italy <s> Pozzuoli <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Pozzuoli <p> capital <o> Pozzuoli <s> Pozzuoli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Szczecin <s> Pozzuoli <p> located in time zone <o> Central European Time <s> Pozzuoli <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Pozzuoli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yalta <s> Pozzuoli <p> shares border with <o> Quarto <s> Pozzuoli <p> shares border with <o> Naples <s> Pozzuoli <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Pozzuoli <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Pozzuoli <p> shares border with <o> Bacoli <s> Pozzuoli <p> shares border with <o> Giugliano in Campania <s> Pozzuoli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Agios Dimitrios <s> Pozzuoli <p> patron saint <o> Proculus of Pozzuoli <s> Pozzuoli <p> said to be the same as <o> Puteoli <s> Pozzuoli <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Pozzuoli <p> part of <o> Phlegraean Fields <s> Pozzuoli <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Pozzuoli <s> Pozzuoli <p> public holiday <o> patronal festival <s> Pozzuoli <p> said to be the same as <o> Dicaearchia <s> Pozzuoli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tarragona <s> Pozzuoli <p> seismic classification <o> 2 <s> Pozzuoli <p> replaces <o> Puteoli <s> Pozzuoli <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Pozzuoli <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Pozzuoli <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Pozzuoli <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Pozzuoli <s> Pozzuoli <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Pozzuoli <s> Pozzuoli <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Naples <s> Pozzuoli <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Pozzuoli <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Pozzuoli <p> owner of <o> Stadio Domenico Conte <s> Pozzuoli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benevento </Graph>

<Text> :San Leucio del Sannio is a comune in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 50 km northeast of Naples and about 6 km south of Benevento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,269 and an area of 10.0 km2. Foglianise is a comune in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 50 kilometres northeast of Naples and about 10 kilometres northwest of Benevento. Foglianise borders the following municipalities: Benevento, Castelpoto, Cautano, Torrecuso, and Vitulano. The discovery of Neolithic pottery and ceramic objects testifies to the antiquity of the human civilisation here, which may date back to the Samnite era. The area is rich in water and pasture, so the economy of that time was probably pastorally based. A Latin epigraphy believed to date from the 3rd century AD and dedicated to the goddess Fortuna Folianensis, indicates that the name Foglianise was of Roman origin, possibly connected with a substantial land owner named Folius Oriens. There appear to have been significant economic changes in the 3rd and 4th centuries involving changes to the route of the road to Telesia. Roman era relics include the remains of a water storage tank. Palma , also known as Palma de Mallorca , is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated on the south coast of Mallorca on the Bay of Palma. The Cabrera Archipelago, though widely separated from Palma proper, is administratively considered part of the municipality. Palma was founded as a Roman camp upon the remains of a Talaiotic settlement. The city was subjected to several Vandal raids during the fall of the Western Roman Empire, then reconquered by the Byzantine Empire, then colonised by the Moors and, in the 13th century, by James I of Aragon. After the conquest of Mallorca, the city was loosely incorporated into the province of Tarraconensis by 123 BC; the Romans founded two new cities: Palma on the south of the island, and Pollentia in the northeast - on the site of a Phoenician settlement. Whilst Pollentia acted as a port to Roman cities on the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, Palma was the port used for destinations in Africa, such as Carthage, and Hispania, such as Saguntum, Gades and Carthago Nova. Though present-day Palma has no significant remains from this period, occasional archaeological finds are made in city centre excavations. For example, the remains of the Roman Wall can be seen at Can Bordils, the Municipal Archive, and below it, at the Maimo ben Faraig Center. Though the period between the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Muslim conquest is not well understood , there is clear evidence of a Byzantine presence in the city, as indicated by mosaics found in the oldest parts of the cathedral, which was in early medieval times part of a paleo-Christian temple. San Nicola Manfredi borders the following municipalities: Benevento, Ceppaloni, Chianche, Montefusco, Paduli, Petruro Irpino, San Giorgio del Sannio, San Martino Sannita, Sant'Angelo a Cupolo, Torrioni. Sant'Angelo a Cupolo is a comune in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania, located about 50 km northeast of Naples and about 8 km south of Benevento. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 4,262 and an area of 10.9 km2. The emblem of the municipality, as approved by the Decree of the Council in 1958, consists of two branches. One is an oak with acorns and another is a bay tree with berries that cross into each other below the point of the shield and are tied with a ribbon coloured in green, white and red. The emblem represents the dignity and the honour of a municipality, of a province and of a region. Sant'Angelo a Cupolo borders the following municipalities: Benevento, Ceppaloni, Chianche, San Leucio del Sannio, San Martino Sannita and San Nicola Manfredi. The municipality counts the hamlets of Bagnara, Cardilli, Maccoli, Medina, Montorsi, Motta, Panelli, Pastene, Perrillo, San Marco ai Monti and Sciarra. * Bagnara is located at the southernmost point on the border with Avellino, separated from the rest of the territory of Sant'Angelo a Cupolo by Pagliara, which is part of the municipality of San Nicola Manfredi. Chelmsford is a city in the City of Chelmsford district in the county of Essex, England. It is the county town of Essex and one of three cities in the county, along with Colchester and Southend-on-Sea. It is located 30 miles north-east of London at Charing Cross and 22 miles south-west of Colchester. The population of the urban area was 110,625 in the 2021 Census, while the wider district has 181,763. The main conurbation of Chelmsford incorporates all or part of the former parishes of Broomfield, Newland Spring, Great Leighs, Great Waltham, Little Waltham, Great Baddow, Little Baddow, Galleywood, Howe Green, Margaretting, Pleshey, Stock, Roxwell, Danbury, Bicknacre, Writtle, Moulsham, Rettendon, The Hanningfields, The Chignals, Widford and Springfield, including Springfield Barnes, now known as Chelmer Village. Before 1199, there were settlements nearby from ancient times. The remains of a Neolithic and a late Bronze Age settlement have been found in the Springfield suburb, and the town was occupied by the Romans. A Roman fort was built in AD 60, and a civilian town grew up around it. The town was given the name of Caesaromagus , although the reason for it being given the great honour of bearing the Imperial prefix is now unclear - possibly as a failed 'planned town' provincial capital to replace Londinium or Camulodunum. The remains of a mansio, a combination post office, civic centre and hotel, lie beneath the streets of modern Moulsham, and the ruins of an octagonal temple are located beneath the Odeon roundabout. The town disappeared for a while after the Romans left Britain. The city's name is derived from Ceolmaer's ford which was close to the site of the present High Street stone bridge. In the Domesday Book of 1086, the town was called Celmeresfort and by 1189 it had changed to Chelmsford. Its position on the Londinium - Camulodonum Roman road ensured the early prosperity of Chelmsford. Mario Clemente Mastella is an Italian politician who has been the mayor of Benevento since 20 June 2016. He also served as leader of Union of Democrats for Europe, a minor centrist Italian party. He was Minister of Labour in the Berlusconi government from 10 May 1994 to 17 January 1995 and Minister of Justice in the Prodi government from 17 May 2006 to 17 January 2008. Mastella was born in Ceppaloni, in the province of Benevento. In 1976 he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the Christian Democracy party. After the party's dissolution in 1994, Mastella joined with Pier Ferdinando Casini to found a new party, called Centro Cristiano Democratico. That same year, following the election victory of Silvio Berlusconi, he was appointed Minister of Labour. In 1998, after the fall of Romano Prodi's first government, Mastella decided to follow Francesco Cossiga, lifetime senator and former Italian Republic President. He left his party to found the Christian Democrats for the Republic, then Democratic Union for the Republic. This new political party, which supported the new centre-left government led by Massimo D'Alema, lasted only one year. In 1999, Mastella took over the leadership of UDEUR. Clemente Mastella and the President of the Sicilian Region Salvatore Cuffaro were subjects of a scandal when it was revealed that they had been the best men of Francesco Campanella, a former member of the Mafia who helped the boss Bernardo Provenzano when he was a fugitive from the law. In July 2000, Mastella was a witness at Campanella's wedding. Oxford is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town. It had a population of 162,100 at the 2021 census. It is 56 miles north-west of London, 64 miles south-east of Birmingham and 61 miles north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world; it has buildings in every style of English architecture since late Anglo-Saxon. Oxford's industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing, information technology and science. The history of Oxford in England dates back to its original settlement in the Saxon period. Originally of strategic significance due to its controlling location on the upper reaches of the River Thames at its junction with the River Cherwell, the town grew in national importance during the early Norman period, and in the late 12th century became home to the fledgling University of Oxford. The city was besieged during The Anarchy in 1142. The university rose to dominate the town. A heavily ecclesiastical town, Oxford was greatly affected by the changes of the English Reformation, emerging as the seat of a bishopric and a full-fledged city. During the English Civil War, Oxford housed the court of Charles I and stood at the heart of national affairs. The city began to grow industrially during the 19th century, and had an industrial boom in the early 20th century, with major printing and car-manufacturing industries. These declined, along with other British heavy industry, in the 1970s and 1980s, leaving behind a city which had developed far beyond the university town of the past. Pozzuoli is a city and comune of the Metropolitan City of Naples, in the Italian region of Campania. It is the main city of the Phlegrean Peninsula. Pozzuoli began as the Greek colony of Dicaearchia founded in about 531 BC in Magna Graecia with the consent of nearby Cumae when refugees from Samos escaped from the tyranny of Polycrates. The Samnites occupied Dicaearchia in 421 BC after conquering Cumae and may have changed its name to Fistelia. It enjoyed considerable political and commercial autonomy favoured by the excellent position of its port with the Campanian hinterland. The Roman occupation of Campania after the end of the 1st Samnite War from 341 BC marked the start of the Romanisation of the Greek-Samnite city. During the Second Punic War , Rome recognised the strategic importance of the port of Puteoli and reinforced the defences and introduced a garrison to protect the town from Hannibal, who failed to capture it in 215. They made it a Roman colony from 195 BC. The Roman conquest of the east and the need for a port to trade made it the Mediterranean port of Rome, even though it was 150 miles away. It took the name Puteoli whose roots are in the Latin puteus . An alternative etymology of Puteoli derives from the Latin puteo , referring to the sulfuric fumes in the area, most notably from Solfatara. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Torre Annunziata <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Torre Annunziata <p> country <o> Italy <s> Torre Annunziata <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Torre Annunziata <p> shares border with <o> Castellammare di Stabia <s> Torre Annunziata <p> shares border with <o> Boscoreale <s> Torre Annunziata <p> shares border with <o> Pompei <s> Torre Annunziata <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benevento <s> Torre Annunziata <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Torre Annunziata <p> patron saint <o> Our Lady of the Snows <s> Torre Annunziata <p> twinned administrative body <o> Valencia <s> Torre Annunziata <p> shares border with <o> Torre del Greco <s> Torre Annunziata <p> shares border with <o> Trecase <s> Torre Annunziata <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Torre Annunziata <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Torre Annunziata <p> twinned administrative body <o> La Ciotat <s> Torre Annunziata <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Torre Annunziata <s> Torre Annunziata <p> owner of <o> Stadio Alfredo Giraud <s> Torre Annunziata <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Torre Annunziata <s> Torre Annunziata <p> maintained by WikiProject <o> WikiProject World Heritage Sites <s> Torre Annunziata <p> maintained by WikiProject <o> WikiProject Italy <s> Torre Annunziata <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Torre Annunziata <p> twinned administrative body <o> Emmendingen <s> Torre Annunziata <p> maintained by WikiProject <o> WikiProject Kingdom of Naples <s> Torre Annunziata <p> maintained by WikiProject <o> WikiProject Classical Greece and Rome <s> Torre Annunziata <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Torre Annunziata <s> Torre Annunziata <p> shares border with <o> Boscotrecase <s> Torre Annunziata <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Torre Annunziata <p> seismic classification <o> 2 <s> Torre Annunziata <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Torre Annunziata <s> Torre Annunziata <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Naples <s> Torrecuso <p> country <o> Italy <s> Torrecuso <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Torrecuso <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Torrecuso <p> capital <o> Torrecuso <s> Torrecuso <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province Benevento <s> Torrecuso <p> shares border with <o> Foglianise <s> Torrecuso <p> shares border with <o> Vitulano <s> Torrecuso <p> shares border with <o> Ponte <s> Torrecuso <p> shares border with <o> Paupisi <s> Torrecuso <p> shares border with <o> Fragneto Monforte <s> Torrecuso <p> shares border with <o> Benevento <s> Torrecuso <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Torrecuso <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> Torrecuso <p> patron saint <o> Liberatore <s> Nordisk familjebok <p> genre <o> encyclopedia <s> Nordisk familjebok <p> instance of <o> written work <s> Nordisk familjebok <p> language of work or name <o> Swedish <s> Nordisk familjebok <p> has edition or translation <o> Nordisk familjebok, 1st edition <s> Nordisk familjebok <p> has edition or translation <o> Nordisk familjebok, 2nd edition <s> Nordisk familjebok <p> has edition or translation <o> Nordisk familjebok, 3rd edition <s> Nordisk familjebok <p> has edition or translation <o> Nordisk familjebok, 4th edition <s> Nordisk familjebok <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Nordisk familjebok <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Nordisk familjebok <s> Paduli <p> country <o> Italy <s> Paduli <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Paduli <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Paduli <p> shares border with <o> Benevento <s> Paduli <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province Benevento <s> Paduli <p> shares border with <o> Apice <s> Paduli <p> shares border with <o> Sant'Arcangelo Trimonte <s> Paduli <p> shares border with <o> San Nicola Manfredi <s> Paduli <p> shares border with <o> Buonalbergo <s> Paduli <p> shares border with <o> San Giorgio del Sannio <s> Paduli <p> shares border with <o> San Giorgio La Molara <s> Paduli <p> shares border with <o> Pietrelcina <s> Paduli <p> shares border with <o> Pago Veiano <s> Paduli <p> capital <o> Paduli <s> Paduli <p> patron saint <o> Roch <s> Paduli <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Paduli <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Paduli <s> Paduli <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> Paduli <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Paduli <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> country <o> Italy <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> shares border with <o> Benevento <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> patron saint <o> Saint Nicholas <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> shares border with <o> Fragneto l'Abate <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> shares border with <o> Casalduni <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province Benevento <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> capital <o> Fragneto Monforte <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> shares border with <o> Campolattaro <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> shares border with <o> Pontelandolfo <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> shares border with <o> Torrecuso <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santo Stefano di Rogliano <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> shares border with <o> Pesco Sannita <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> shares border with <o> Ponte <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Fragneto Monforte <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Fragneto Monforte <s> Calore Irpino <p> country <o> Italy <s> Calore Irpino <p> basin country <o> Italy <s> Calore Irpino <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Calore Irpino <p> instance of <o> river <s> Calore Irpino <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Campania <s> Calore Irpino <p> tributary <o> Jenga <s> Calore Irpino <p> tributary <o> Reventa <s> Calore Irpino <p> tributary <o> Ufita <s> Calore Irpino <p> tributary <o> Grassano <s> Calore Irpino <p> origin of the watercourse <o> Colle Finestra <s> Calore Irpino <p> drainage basin <o> Volturno <s> Calore Irpino <p> located in protected area <o> Fiumi Volturno e Calore Beneventano <s> Calore Irpino <p> located in protected area <o> Oasi Zone Umide Beneventane <s> Calore Irpino <p> tributary <o> Sabato <s> Calore Irpino <p> tributary <o> Tammaro <s> Calore Irpino <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Volturno <s> Calore Irpino <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Calore Irpino <p> different from <o> Calore Lucano <s> Category:Births in Benevento <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Births in Benevento <p> category combines topics <o> Benevento <s> Category:Births in Benevento <p> category combines topics <o> place of birth <s> Category:Births in Benevento <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Campobasso <p> seismic classification <o> 2 <s> Campobasso <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Campobasso <s> Campobasso <p> country <o> Italy <s> Campobasso <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Campobasso <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Campobasso <p> capital of <o> Molise <s> Campobasso <p> patron saint <o> Saint George <s> Campobasso <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ottawa <s> Campobasso <p> capital of <o> province of Campobasso <s> Campobasso <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lezhë <s> Campobasso <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vastogirardi <s> Campobasso <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Campobasso <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> province of Campobasso <s> Campobasso <p> twinned administrative body <o> Banja Luka <s> Campobasso <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vladimir <s> Campobasso <p> owner of <o> Avicor Stadium - Campobasso <s> Campobasso <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Campobasso <s> Campobasso <p> shares border with <o> San Giovanni in Galdo <s> Campobasso <p> shares border with <o> Ferrazzano <s> Campobasso <p> shares border with <o> Matrice <s> Campobasso <p> shares border with <o> Castropignano <s> Campobasso <p> shares border with <o> Campodipietra <s> Campobasso <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Campobasso <s> Campobasso <p> shares border with <o> Busso <s> Campobasso <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Campobasso <s> Campobasso <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Campobasso <p> twinned administrative body <o> Viterbo <s> Campobasso <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Campobasso <s> Campobasso <p> shares border with <o> Oratino <s> Campobasso <p> shares border with <o> Mirabello Sannitico <s> Campobasso <p> shares border with <o> Ripalimosani <s> Campobasso <p> shares border with <o> Vinchiaturo <s> Campobasso <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benevento <s> Vlorë <p> country <o> Albania <s> Vlorë <p> instance of <o> city <s> Vlorë <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Vlorë <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Vlorë <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Adriatic Sea <s> Vlorë <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benevento <s> Vlorë <p> twinned administrative body <o> Monopoli <s> Vlorë <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Vlorë <p> twinned administrative body <o> Prizren <s> Vlorë <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hollywood <s> Vlorë <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Bay of Vlorë <s> Vlorë <p> capital of <o> Vlorë County <s> Vlorë <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Vlorë <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yangzhou <s> Vlorë <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Vlorë <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Vlorë <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Vlorë <s> Vlorë <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Vlorë <s> Vlorë <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Vlorë <p> capital of <o> Vlorë municipality <s> Vlorë <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Vlorë <p> head of government <o> Dritan Leli <s> Vlorë <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Vlorë <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Vlorë <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Vlorë municipality <s> Vlorë <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Vlorë <p> patron saint <o> Danax <s> Pula <p> country <o> Croatia <s> Pula <p> different from <o> Pula <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kranj <s> Pula <p> patron saint <o> Assumption of Mary <s> Pula <p> located in time zone <o> Central European Summer Time <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Verona <s> Pula <p> part of <o> Istria <s> Pula <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vienna <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Trier <s> Pula <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Pula <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brno <s> Pula <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Pula <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Pula <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Pula <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Pula <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Pula <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Varaždin <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sarajevo <s> Pula <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Pula <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Novorossiysk <s> Pula <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Pula <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benevento <s> Pula <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Pula <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pécs <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Graz <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Imola <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Uzhhorod <s> Pula <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Pula <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Villefranche-de-Rouergue <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Čabar <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Veles <s> Pula <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Istria County <s> Pula <p> owner of <o> Stadion Aldo Drosina <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Szeged <s> Pula <p> shares border with <o> Motovun <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hekinan <s> Pula <p> instance of <o> town in Croatia <s> Pula <p> twinned administrative body <o> Veles Municipality <s> Pula <p> head of government <o> Boris Miletić </Graph>

<Text> :Torre Annunziata is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Naples, in the Italian region of Campania. It is located on the Gulf of Naples, at the foot of Mount Vesuvius. The city was destroyed in the Vesuvius eruption of 79 AD and in 1631. It is known locally in the Neapolitan dialect as Torre Nunziata. The city was once the seat of important ironwork food processing and pasta industries. Today industries still active include naval, armament and pharmaceutical ones. Torre Annunziata borders with the municipalities of Boscoreale, Boscotrecase, Castellammare di Stabia, Pompei, Torre del Greco and Trecase. Trains from Torre Annunziata Centrale rail station operate to Naples and Pompei. Although a comparatively small town, essentially a suburb of Naples, Torre Annunziata has its own unique dialect, a variation of Neapolitan, quite distinct, particularly in pronunciation, which is known as Torrese. Nordisk familjebok is a Swedish encyclopedia that was published in print from between 1876 and 1993, and that is now fully available in digital form via Project Runeberg at Linkoping University. The public domain editions of the encyclopedia remain important reference works in Finland, especially on Finnish Wikipedia. Nordisk familjebok began when Halmstad publisher Christian Gernandt hired an editor, linguist Nils Linder , in 1874 to publish a six-volume encyclopedia. Linder drew up a plan for the work, designed the editorial team and created a large circle of experts and literary figures, who submitted article proposals and wrote and reviewed them. Under Linder's direction, the articles were then edited to make them as formal, consistent and accurate as possible. Much attention was paid to Nordic subjects, mainly Swedish and Finnish, where sources and models were often lacking, so extensive and time-consuming pioneering work had to be done. As a result, the earlier plan for the scope and publication period of the work was soon abandoned. The first edition of Nordisk familjebok was published in 20 volumes between 1876 and 1899, and is known as the "Idun edition" because it bears a picture of Idun, the Norse mythologic goddess of spring and rejuvenation, on its cover. This was published over almost a quarter of a century, and particularly the first ten volumes contain material which are not seen in later editions. A good example of this is found in the end of the Berlin article , where the author finishes his article by talking about the public decency and morality, which he finds to be very poor. The author continues by complaining about there being a very lazy interest in religious matters and concludes: "to all these joint circumstances, one can hardly defend oneself against the thought of future threatening dangers". The second edition, popularly known as Uggleupplagan because of an owl image on its cover, was published between 1904 and 1926 in 38 volumes, and is the most comprehensive encyclopedia published in the Swedish language. A number of articles on Swedish Wikipedia, over 20,000, are based on this edition. Paduli is a comune in the Province of Benevento in the Italian region Campania. It is located on a rocky spur between the Calore and Tammaro rivers, about 60 km northeast of Naples and about 9 km northeast of Benevento. It is theorized that Paduli was the ancient Roman settlement of Batulum. The most likely theory regarding the origin of the name "Paduli" proposes the name "Batulum" changed to "Padulum", which in Vulgar Latin meant "marsh". It is from "padulem" that the Italian term "padule" - the plural form of which is "paduli" - is derived. Indeed, the identification of Paduli as Batulum comes from the similarly hilled and swampy environment both areas are known to have occupied, and the earliest confirmed mention of Paduli records the town's name as "Padule". Furthermore, the Italian settlement of Colle Sannita, around 10 miles from Paduli, preserves an ancient name for the general area of Benevento it occupies called "Padula" - which also means "marsh" or "swamp". The history of Paduli is largely unclear. Two theories exist about Paduli's origins. The first postulates Paduli was formed by medieval Romans fleeing Forum Novum during an era of barbarian invasions. Paduli is located in what was once the territory allocated to the Bebians, a group of 40,000 Apuan Ligures. The Roman Empire had exiled these people from Liguria for allegedly being conspirators, and as a result they began travelling south, establishing villages along the Tammaro River, such as Campolattaro, Santa Croce del Sannio, and Circello, as they went. When Saracen invasions took place between the 8th and 11th century, people who lived along the Tammaro in easily accessible areas sought shelter by escaping into areas not easily accessible and more defensible. Paduli would likely be such an area, especially since at this point in time Paduli's familial nobility, the Mesano family, owned tenements along the Tammaro and would benefit from the people's being protected. With the arrival of the Normans some time later, such a small inhabited center, when fortified and expanded, had an unbeatable military strategic position. The second theory of Paduli's origins comes from several historians, such as Domenico Romanelli, who postulate Paduli was once the ancient city of Batulum, built by the ancient Samnites. "Batulum" is first mentioned along with other localities in Samnium, in book seven of Virgil's Aeneid: Due to its strategic position, since 500 BC, Fragneto Monforte was a very important center for Sanniti, Romans, Goths, Byzantines, Muslims, and Lombards. The name Fragneto comes from "Fara" of "Gnito", a Lombard warrior who founded the "castrum", around the 11th century AD. In the 10th century BC, units of Byzantines escaped from Benevento and settled in Fragneto, introducing the cult of Saint Nicholas of Myra which is still today practised. In 1010 appears the common noun Monteforte that will be turned in Monforte during the 17th century. In the Norman period Fragneto Monforte is often named among the feudal overloads, in fact in the first half of the 12th century it belonged to Bartolomeo from Monteforte. This family, during the period of Angio, succeeded in enlarging their properties and above all in conserving them for more than three centuries. In the 14th and 15th centuries Fragneto Monforte lives tragic events: first the terrible earthquake of 1349, then the occupation of the Aragonesi, the reconquest of the Angioini and finally the other earthquake on Saint Barbara's night in 1456, that destroyed the country. With the arrival of Carl VIII, king of France, to monforte, for the first time is hoisted the French flag. After the French defeat the dominion and the power of Monforte ceased; his possession was given to Federico d'Aragona e Andrea di Capua. During the following 90 years the earldom of Fragneto will be sold other five times. In 1584 it will belong to the family Montalto that in 1612 will receive the title of Duke of Fragneto. To the heirs of Montalto family belongs today the Palazzo Ducale. The main monuments in Fragneto are: the Palazzo ducale, home of Montalto family for over 400 years and elegantly restored and refinished. Today it is a luxury venue for special events such as conferences, parties and weddings. The Parish Church of SS Nicola and Rocco, destroyed by the earthquake of 1688 and rebuilt the following century. In the church there is the relic of Santa Faustina, martyr during the dominion of emperor Diocletian, dating back to the 3rd century AD. This church took the place of the older Santa Croce Church, completely destroyed by the same earthquake and whose restoration has recently been done. The Bell Tower built between the 17th-18th centuries; it is separated from the church to rise in the main square. Similar to that also the tiglio, the tree symbol of the village, rises on the main square. It dates back to the end of 16th century. The Calore Irpino or Calore Beneventano or Calore river is a river in southwestern Italy. It rises from Colle Finestra above sea level), a mountain saddle between Monte Acellica and the Terminio sub-group in the Monti Picentini, sub-range of the Apennine Mountains. The river flows first in the province of Avellino, and then in that of Benevento, before flowing into the Volturno. In ancient times it was known as Calor. On 8 May 663, a large detachment of the army of the Eastern Emperor Constans II, which had invaded the Lombard Duchy of Benevento, was defeated here in battle by the army of King Grimoald, under the joined command of Mitola, Count of Capua, and Grimoald's son, Romuald. Having already abandoned the siege of Benevento and every small conquest done in Italy, Constans, falling back to Naples, lost any hope to push back the Lombards and re-establish Byzantine sovereignty over southern Italy. Campobasso is a city and comune in southern Italy, the capital of the region of Molise and of the province of Campobasso. It is located in the high basin of the Biferno river, surrounded by Sannio and Matese mountains. Campobasso is renowned for the craftsmanship of blades , a fact well documented since the 14th century. It is also famous for the production of pears and scamorza . The city is the home of the University of Molise and of the Archdiocese of Campobasso-Boiano. The origins of Campobasso are disputed. According to the most widely held theory, the city was founded by the Lombards before the 8th century as a fortified camp on the slope of the hill where the castle stands. The original name was Campus vassorum, suggesting that the city was the seat of the vassals of the duke of Spoleto. From 1330 to 1745 the city was ruled by the Monforte-Gambatesa family, who built the castle and established a mint. Later it came under the control of the Di Capua, Gonzaga, Vitagliano, Carafa and Romano families. Vlore is the third most populous city of the Republic of Albania and seat of Vlore County and Vlore Municipality. Located in southwestern Albania, Vlore sprawls on the Bay of Vlore and is surrounded by the foothills of the Ceraunian Mountains along the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea Coasts. It experiences a Mediterranean climate, which is affected by the Ceraunian Mountains and the proximity to the Mediterranean Sea. The coastal area of Vlore was one of those Illyrian sites that had experienced pre-urban activity beginning from the 11th-10th centuries BCE. The area was colonized by Ancient Greeks. A large fortified port-town that was inhabited from the 6th century BCE to the 2nd century AD is placed, now partially submerged, in Triport, northwest of present-day Vlore. Substantial port activity in this site occurred from at least the archaic period to the medieval period. It has been suggested that a transfer of the ancient city from the site of Triport to the site of modern Vlore occurred. The center of the modern city features archaeological remains dating from late antiquity. Aulon, from which the modern city took its name, appears in historial sources starting form the 2nd century CE. It was conquered at different periods throughout history by Romans, Byzantines, Normans, Venetians and Ottomans. Between the 18th and 19th centuries, the Albanians gathered both spiritual and intellectual strength for national consciousness, which conclusively led to the Albanian Renaissance. Vlore played an instrumental role in Albanian Independence as an epicenter for the founders of modern Albania, who signed the Declaration of Independence on 28 November 1912 at the Assembly of Vlore. Vlore is one of the most significant cities of southern Albania and the region of Laberia which is traditionally noted for its culture, traditions and folklore. Vlore is served by the Port of Vlore, the SH8 highway, and the A2 motorway, collectively representing part of the Adriatic-Ionian Corridor and the Pan-European Corridor VIII. Pula , also known as Pola , is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, and the seventh-largest city in the country, situated at the southern tip of the Istrian peninsula in northwestern Croatia, with a population of 52,220 in 2021. It is known for its multitude of ancient Roman buildings, the most famous of which is the Pula Arena, one of the best preserved Roman amphitheaters. The city has a long tradition of wine making, fishing, shipbuilding, and tourism. It was the administrative centre of Istria from ancient Roman times until superseded by Pazin in 1991. Evidence of the presence of Homo erectus one million years ago has been found in the cave of Sandalja near Pula. Pottery from the Neolithic period , indicating human settlement, has been found around Pula. In the Bronze Age , a new type of settlement appeared in Istria, called 'gradine', or Hill-top fortifications. Many late Bronze Age bone objects, such as tools for smoothing and drilling, sewing needles, as well as spiral bronze pendants, have been found in the area around Pula. The type of materials found in Bronze Age sites in Istria connects these with sites along the Danube. The inhabitants of Istria in the Bronze Age are known as Proto Illyrians. Greek pottery and a part of a statue of Apollo have been found, attesting to the presence or influence of Greek culture. Greek tradition attributed the foundation of Polai to the Colchians, mentioned in the context of the story of Jason and Medea, who had stolen the golden fleece. The Colchians, who had chased Jason into the northern Adriatic, were unable to catch him and ended up settling in a place they called Polai, signifying "city of refuge". In classical antiquity, it was inhabited by the Histri, a Venetic or Illyrian tribe. Strabo, Pomponius Mela and Lycophron wrote that it was inhabited by Colchians. The Istrian peninsula was conquered by the Romans in 177 BC, starting a period of Romanization. The town was elevated to colonial rank between 46 and 45 BC as the tenth region of the late Roman Republic, under Julius Caesar. During that time the town grew and had at its zenith a population of about 30,000. It became a significant Roman port with a large surrounding area under its jurisdiction. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Award for Civil Valor <p> has part(s) <o> Bronze Medal for Civil Valor <s> Award for Civil Valor <p> has part(s) <o> Silver Medal for Civil Valor <s> Award for Civil Valor <p> has part(s) <o> Gold Medal for Civil Valor <s> Award for Civil Valor <p> country <o> Italy <s> Award for Civil Valor <p> instance of <o> award <s> Award for Civil Valor <p> instance of <o> medallion <s> Award for Civil Valor <p> part of <o> orders, decorations, and medals of Italy <s> Award for Civil Valor <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Recipients of the Gold Medal for Civil Valor <s> Category:People from Benevento <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Benevento <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Benevento <p> category combines topics <o> Benevento <s> Category:People from Benevento <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:Benevento <p> category combines topics <o> occurrence <s> Category:Benevento <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Benevento <p> category's main topic <o> Benevento <s> Stadio Alfredo Dell’Oste <p> surface played on <o> lawn <s> Stadio Alfredo Dell’Oste <p> owned by <o> Benevento <s> Stadio Alfredo Dell’Oste <p> country <o> Italy <s> Stadio Alfredo Dell’Oste <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Benevento <s> Stadio Alfredo Dell’Oste <p> instance of <o> multi-purpose sports venue <s> Stadio Alfredo Dell’Oste <p> occupant <o> U.S. Rugby Benevento <s> Stadio Ciro Vigorito <p> country <o> Italy <s> Stadio Ciro Vigorito <p> sport <o> association football <s> Stadio Ciro Vigorito <p> occupant <o> Benevento Calcio <s> Stadio Ciro Vigorito <p> named after <o> Ciro Vigorito <s> Stadio Ciro Vigorito <p> operator <o> Benevento Calcio <s> Stadio Ciro Vigorito <p> instance of <o> association football venue <s> Stadio Ciro Vigorito <p> owned by <o> Benevento <s> Stadio Ciro Vigorito <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Benevento <s> Stadio Ciro Vigorito <p> architect <o> Costantino Rozzi <s> 1 <p> country <o> Italy <s> 1 <p> different from <o> 1 <s> 1 <p> instance of <o> seismic classification <s> Category:Maps of Benevento <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Category:Maps of Benevento <p> category combines topics <o> Benevento <s> Category:Maps of Benevento <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Frascati <p> different from <o> Frascati <s> Frascati <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia disambiguation page <s> Frascati <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Frascati <s> Frascati <p> capital of <o> Frascati <s> Frascati <p> country <o> Italy <s> Frascati <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Bad Godesberg <p> country <o> Germany <s> Bad Godesberg <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Bonn <s> Bad Godesberg <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Bad Godesberg <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Bad Godesberg <p> twinned administrative body <o> Steglitz-Zehlendorf <s> Bad Godesberg <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint-Cloud <s> Bad Godesberg <p> twinned administrative body <o> Frascati <s> Bad Godesberg <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kortrijk <s> Bad Godesberg <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yalova <s> Bad Godesberg <p> instance of <o> Stadtbezirk <s> Bad Godesberg <p> twinned administrative body <o> Windsor and Maidenhead <s> Bad Godesberg <p> significant event <o> Siege of Godesberg <s> Bad Godesberg <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Bad Godesberg <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Bad Godesberg <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Bad Godesberg <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Bad Godesberg <s> Bad Godesberg <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People of Bad Godesberg <s> Bad Godesberg <p> visitor center <o> Bad Godesberg Stadtmarketing e.V. </Graph>

<Text> :The awards for Civil Valor are the honors the Italian Republic grants in order to "reward acts of exceptional courage that clearly manifest civic virtue and to recognize the recipients as worthy of public honor". Individual citizens can receive the award , and it can also be bestowed collectively on all members of a military department or all residents of a municipality, city, or province when they have knowingly exposed their life to manifest danger. On 30 April 1851, Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia, established the Medal for Civil Valor for the first time. When the Kingdom of Italy was established in 1861 with him as its first king, the Medal for Civil Valor became an award of the new kingdom. The Carnegie Foundation, based in the Palazzo del Viminale, home of the Ministry of the Interior, has been involved in awards for civil valor since the Scottish philanthropist Andrew Carnegie in a 17 June 1911 letter to the President of the Council of Ministers, Prime Minister of Italy Giovanni Giolitti, granted to the government of the Kingdom of Italy a fund of US$750,000 in shares of the Carnegie Steel Company, annual annuities of which had to be used to pay premiums to people who were in economic difficulty but who nonetheless had worked in the face of danger to save the lives of others. Carnegie also suggested that instead of money, medals could be awarded to people who were not in economic difficulty. The law provides that the granting of recognition normally will follow an examination of the courageous act by a committee composed of a prefect, a senator, a deputy, two members representing the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, a general of the Carabinieri, a representative of the Carnegie Foundation, and a member of the civil administration of the Ministry of the Interior. However, if "the character of the courageous act and the resonance that it has aroused in public opinion" are sufficient to attest to the propriety of the honor, the President of the Italian Republic can proceed with the recognition without the evaluation of the commission . Stadio Ciro Vigorito is a multi-use stadium in Benevento, Italy. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Benevento Calcio. The stadium is able to hold 25,000 people and was opened in 1979. 1 is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of unit length is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the smallest possible difference between two distinct natural numbers. Linguistically, one is a cardinal number used for counting and expressing the number of items in a collection of things. One is commonly used as a determiner for singular countable nouns, as in one day at a time. One is also a gender-neutral pronoun used to refer to an unspecified person or to people in general as in one should take care of oneself. Words that derive their meaning from one include alone, which signifies all one in the sense of being by oneself, none meaning not one, once denoting one time, and atone meaning to become at one with the someone. Combining alone with only leads to lonely, conveying a sense of solitude. Other common numeral prefixes for the number 1 include uni- , sol- , derived from Latin, or mono- derived from Greek. Among the earliest known record of a numeral system, is the Sumerian decimal-sexagesimal system on clay tablets dating from the first half of the third millennium BCE. The Archaic Sumerian numerals for 1 and 60 both consisted of horizontal semi-circular symbols. By c. 2350 BCE, the older Sumerian curviform numerals were replaced with cuneiform symbols, with 1 and 60 both represented by the same symbol . The Sumerian cuneiform system is a direct ancestor to the Eblaite and Assyro-Babylonian Semitic cuneiform decimal systems. Surviving Babylonian documents date mostly from Old Babylonian and the Seleucid eras. The Babylonian cuneiform script notation for numbers used the same symbol for 1 and 60 as in the Sumerian system. Frascati is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is located 20 kilometres south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills close to the ancient city of Tusculum. Frascati is closely associated with science, being the location of several international scientific laboratories. The most important archeological finding in the area, dating back to Ancient Roman times, during the late Republican Age, is a patrician Roman villa probably belonging to Lucullus. In the first century AD its owner was Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus, who married Agrippina the Younger, mother of Nero. His properties were later confiscated by the Flavian imperial dynasty . Consul Flavius Clemens lived in the villa with his wife Domitilla during the rule of Domitian. According to the Liber Pontificalis, in the 9th century Frascati was a little village, probably founded two centuries earlier. The name of the city probably comes from a typical local tradition of collecting firewood --many place-names around the town refer to trees or wood. After the destruction of nearby Tusculum in 1191, the town's population increased and the bishopric moved from Tusculum to Frascati. Pope Innocent III endorsed the city as a feudal possession of the basilica of San Giovanni in Laterano, but in the following centuries its territories were ravaged by frequent raids that impoverished it. It was owned by various baronial families, including the Colonna, until, in 1460, Pope Pius II fortified the city with walls. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, Pope Julius II gave Frascati as a feudal possession to the condottiero Marcantonio I Colonna, who lived there from 1508 together with his wife Lucrezia della Rovere , niece of Pope Julius II. In 1515 Colonna gave Frascati its first statute, Statuti e Capituli del Castello di Frascati, under the Latin title Populus antiquae civitas Tusculi. Frascati is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital in the Lazio region of central Italy. It is located 20 kilometres south-east of Rome, on the Alban Hills close to the ancient city of Tusculum. Frascati is closely associated with science, being the location of several international scientific laboratories. The most important archeological finding in the area, dating back to Ancient Roman times, during the late Republican Age, is a patrician Roman villa probably belonging to Lucullus. In the first century AD its owner was Gaius Sallustius Crispus Passienus, who married Agrippina the Younger, mother of Nero. His properties were later confiscated by the Flavian imperial dynasty . Consul Flavius Clemens lived in the villa with his wife Domitilla during the rule of Domitian. According to the Liber Pontificalis, in the 9th century Frascati was a little village, probably founded two centuries earlier. The name of the city probably comes from a typical local tradition of collecting firewood --many place-names around the town refer to trees or wood. After the destruction of nearby Tusculum in 1191, the town's population increased and the bishopric moved from Tusculum to Frascati. Pope Innocent III endorsed the city as a feudal possession of the basilica of San Giovanni in Laterano, but in the following centuries its territories were ravaged by frequent raids that impoverished it. It was owned by various baronial families, including the Colonna, until, in 1460, Pope Pius II fortified the city with walls. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, Pope Julius II gave Frascati as a feudal possession to the condottiero Marcantonio I Colonna, who lived there from 1508 together with his wife Lucrezia della Rovere , niece of Pope Julius II. In 1515 Colonna gave Frascati its first statute, Statuti e Capituli del Castello di Frascati, under the Latin title Populus antiquae civitas Tusculi. Bad Godesberg is a borough of Bonn, southern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. From 1949 to 1999, while Bonn was the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany, most foreign embassies were in Bad Godesberg. Some buildings are still used as branch offices or consulates. Bad Godesberg is located along the hills and cliffs of the west bank of the Rhine river, in west central Germany. Godesberg is also the name of the steep hill, of volcanic origin, on the top of which are the ruins of the Godesburg, a castle destroyed in 1583 during the Cologne War. A whole series of literary works take place in Bad Godesberg. The protagonist of Juli Zeh's novel "Spieltrieb" are students at the school Pada. Occurring locations in the novel are the school and the villa district. Heinrich Boll's novel "Frauen vor Flusslandschaft" is set in the villa district between Bonn and Bad Godesberg. On October 30 the documentary piece "Zwei Welten" by Ingrid Muller-Munch had its premiere as a chamber play. The author explains that it shows Bad Godesberg in the change of time. It is a city where the worlds of "rich German people" and Migrants collide. Nine actors perform excerpts from a protocol of mostly young inhabitants of Bad Godesberg, that Muller Munch took record of. In the pre-report of the piece, the Frankfurter Rundschau called it a "Bad-Godesberg-Phanomen" . According to Muller-Munch, these two worlds were closer in Bad Godesberg than they were anywhere else. Over the course of each year, there are always many diverse events and festivals that are being organized by the Stadtmarketing Bad Godesberg e.V. . Some of which are flea and antique markets, a French market, a kids' rally , a city party, a Christmas Market, and a street food festival. The 23rd German Fire department day took place in Bad Godesberg from June 21 until June 25, 1961. The first CTIF Games took place in Bad Godesberg, since then the International Association of Fire and Rescue Services CTIF organizes the event every four years in different cities. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:Frascati <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Frascati <p> category's main topic <o> Frascati <s> Encyclopædia Britannica First Edition <p> language of work or name <o> English <s> Encyclopædia Britannica First Edition <p> edition or translation of <o> Encyclopædia Britannica <s> Encyclopædia Britannica First Edition <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Encyclopædia Britannica First Edition <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Encyclopædia Britannica First Edition <p> followed by <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Second Edition <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> authority <o> Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> country <o> United Kingdom <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> twinned administrative body <o> Neuilly-sur-Seine <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bad Godesberg <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> twinned administrative body <o> Goslar <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kortrijk <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> instance of <o> district <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> capital <o> Maidenhead <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> twinned administrative body <o> Frascati <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> instance of <o> borough in the United Kingdom <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> instance of <o> unitary authority area in England <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> historic county <o> Berkshire <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint-Cloud <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Berkshire <s> Windsor and Maidenhead <p> legislative body <o> council of Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council <s> Kortrijk <p> country <o> Belgium <s> Kortrijk <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Kortrijk <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Kortrijk <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tashkent <s> Kortrijk <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Kortrijk <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Kortrijk <p> contains settlement <o> Marke <s> Kortrijk <p> contains settlement <o> Bellegem <s> Kortrijk <p> contains settlement <o> Rollegem <s> Kortrijk <p> contains settlement <o> Kooigem <s> Kortrijk <p> contains settlement <o> Aalbeke <s> Kortrijk <p> owner of <o> Guldensporen Stadion <s> Kortrijk <p> described by source <o> Topographia Circuli Burgundici <s> Kortrijk <p> official language <o> Dutch <s> Kortrijk <p> contains settlement <o> Heule <s> Kortrijk <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Kortrijk <s> Kortrijk <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Kortrijk <s> Kortrijk <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Arrondissement of Kortrijk <s> Kortrijk <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bad Godesberg <s> Kortrijk <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint-Cloud <s> Kortrijk <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Kortrijk <p> twinned administrative body <o> Frascati <s> Kortrijk <p> legal form <o> Cities and municipalities <s> Kortrijk <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kortrijk <s> Kortrijk <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Kortrijk <p> shares border with <o> Menen <s> Kortrijk <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Lys <s> Kortrijk <p> instance of <o> municipality of Belgium <s> Kortrijk <p> capital <o> Kortrijk <s> Kortrijk <p> shares border with <o> Lendelede <s> Kortrijk <p> shares border with <o> Kuurne <s> Kortrijk <p> shares border with <o> Ledegem <s> Kortrijk <p> shares border with <o> Spiere-Helkijn <s> Kortrijk <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Kortrijk <s> Kortrijk <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Kortrijk <s> Kortrijk <p> twinned administrative body <o> Windsor and Maidenhead <s> Kortrijk <p> shares border with <o> Mouscron <s> Kortrijk <p> shares border with <o> Zwevegem <s> Kortrijk <p> member of <o> Eurotowns network <s> Kortrijk <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Kortrijk <p> instance of <o> Belgian municipality with the title of city <s> Kortrijk <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Kortrijk <s> Kortrijk <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Kortrijk <s> Kortrijk <p> shares border with <o> Harelbeke <s> Kortrijk <p> shares border with <o> Wevelgem <s> Kortrijk <p> flag <o> flag of Kortrijk <s> Kortrijk <p> head of government <o> Vincent Van Quickenborne <s> Category:Deaths in Frascati <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Frascati <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Frascati <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Frascati <p> category combines topics <o> Frascati <s> 2B <p> country <o> Italy <s> 2B <p> instance of <o> seismic classification <s> Category:People from Frascati <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Frascati <p> category combines topics <o> Frascati <s> Category:People from Frascati <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Frascati <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Roman mythology <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Roman mythology <p> instance of <o> mythology <s> Roman mythology <p> said to be the same as <o> ancient Roman religion <s> Roman mythology <p> part of <o> classical mythology <s> Roman mythology <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Roman mythology <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Roman mythology <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Roman mythology <s> Romulus and Remus <p> described by source <o> Parallel Lives <s> Romulus and Remus <p> described by source <o> Nordisk familjebok <s> Romulus and Remus <p> has part(s) <o> Romulus <s> Romulus and Remus <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Romulus and Remus <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 6 <s> Romulus and Remus <p> part of <o> founding of Rome <s> Romulus and Remus <p> instance of <o> twins in mythology <s> Romulus and Remus <p> has part(s) <o> Remus <s> Romulus and Remus <p> described by source <o> Infernal Dictionary, 6th ed. <s> Romulus and Remus <p> described by source <o> Desktop Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Romulus and Remus <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Romulus and Remus <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Romulus and Remus <p> significant event <o> founding of Rome <s> Romulus and Remus <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Romulus and Remus <p> instance of <o> group of mythical characters <s> Romulus and Remus <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Remus and Romulus <s> city founding <p> properties for this type <o> country <s> city founding <p> properties for this type <o> founded by <s> city founding <p> properties for this type <o> located in the administrative territorial entity <s> city founding <p> Wikidata property <o> located in the administrative territorial entity <s> city founding <p> Wikidata property <o> founded by <s> city founding <p> Wikidata property <o> country <s> city founding <p> Wikidata property <o> location <s> city founding <p> properties for this type <o> location <s> city founding <p> Wikidata property <o> point in time <s> city founding <p> properties for this type <o> point in time <s> city founding <p> Wikidata property <o> coordinate location <s> city founding <p> Wikidata property <o> participant <s> city founding <p> instance of <o> occurrence <s> city founding <p> Wikidata property <o> located in the present-day administrative territorial entity <s> city founding <p> subclass of <o> founding <s> city founding <p> subclass of <o> date of establishment <s> city founding <p> instance of <o> historical event <s> city founding <p> topic's main category <o> Category:City founding </Graph>

<Text> :The Encyclopaedia Britannica First Edition is a 3-volume reference work, an edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. It was developed during the encyclopaedia's earliest period as a two-man operation founded by Colin Macfarquhar and Andrew Bell, in Edinburgh, Scotland, and was sold unbound in subscription format over a period of 3 years. Most of the articles were written by William Smellie and edited by Macfarquhar, who printed the pages. All copperplates were created by Bell. The Britannica was the idea of Colin Macfarquhar, a bookseller and printer, and Andrew Bell, an engraver, both of Edinburgh. They conceived of the Britannica as a conservative reaction to the French Encyclopedie of Denis Diderot , which was widely viewed as heretical. The Encyclopedie had begun as a French translation of the popular English encyclopedia, Cyclopaedia published by Ephraim Chambers in 1728. Although later editions of Chambers' Cyclopaedia were still popular, and despite the commercial failure of other English encyclopedias, Macfarquhar and Bell were inspired by the intellectual ferment of the Scottish Enlightenment and thought the time ripe for a new encyclopedia "compiled upon a new plan". Needing an editor, the two chose a 28-year-old scholar named William Smellie who was offered 200 pounds sterling to produce the encyclopedia in 100 parts , which were later bound into three volumes. The first number appeared on 10 December 1768 in Edinburgh, priced sixpence or 8 pence on finer paper. The Britannica was published under the pseudonym "A Society of Gentlemen in Scotland", possibly referring to the many gentlemen who had bought subscriptions. By releasing the numbers in weekly installments, the Britannica was completed in 1771, having 2,391 pages. The numbers were bound in three equally sized volumes covering Aa-Bzo, Caaba-Lythrum, and Macao-Zyglophyllum; an estimated 3,000 sets were eventually sold, priced at 12 pounds sterling apiece. The First Edition also featured 160 copperplate illustrations engraved by Bell. Some illustrations were shocking to some readers, such as the three pages depicting female pelvises and fetuses in the midwifery article; King George III commanded that these pages be ripped from every copy. The Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead is a Royal Borough and unitary authority in Berkshire, South East England. While it is named after both the towns of Maidenhead and Windsor, the borough also covers the nearby towns of Ascot and Eton. It is home to Windsor Castle, Eton College, Legoland Windsor and Ascot Racecourse. It is one of four boroughs entitled to be prefixed Royal and is one of six unitary authorities in the county, which has historic and ceremonial status. The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 as one of six standard districts or boroughs within Berkshire, under the Local Government Act 1972, from minor parts of Berkshire and Buckinghamshire which remained for more than two decades Administrative Counties, and such that Berkshire assumed the high-level local government functions for the resultant area. The change merged the boroughs of Maidenhead and Windsor , the rural districts of Cookham and Windsor, and in Buckinghamshire, north of the River Thames : Eton urban district and the parishes of Datchet, Horton and Wraysbury in its rural district. The area immediately inherited by law royal borough status from the town of Windsor which contains Windsor Castle. The local authority is its Council. Its area became a unitary authority area on 1 April 1998 with virtually full local government powers as Berkshire County Council was abolished. A minority of the area in terms of population has a lower level of local government, the civil parish. The borough straddles the River Thames. Approximately half of its flow through the borough has a bypass and seasonally-variable flood relief channel, the Jubilee River. Further flood relief channels are planned for the reaches below the Borough to benefit many other settlements including Datchet and Wraysbury in the borough which were the settlements most widely affected by the UK storms of January-February 2014. Kortrijk , sometimes known in English as Courtrai or Courtray , is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders. With its 79,000 inhabitants Kortrijk is the capital and largest city of the judicial and administrative arrondissement of Kortrijk. The wider municipality comprises the city of Courtrai proper and the villages of Aalbeke, Bellegem, Bissegem, Heule, Kooigem, Marke, and Rollegem. Courtrai is also part of the cross-border Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai metropolitan area. Courtrai originated from a Gallo-Roman town, Cortoriacum, at a crossroads near the Leie river and two Roman roads. In the Middle Ages, Courtrai grew significantly thanks to the flax and wool industry with France and England and became one of the biggest and richest cities in Flanders. The city is often referred to as City of Groeninge or City of the Golden Spurs, referring to the Battle of Courtrai or the Battle of the Golden Spurs which took place on 11 July 1302 on the Fields of Groeninge in Courtrai. In 1820 the Treaty of Kortrijk was signed, laying out the still-current borders between France and Belgium. Throughout the 19th and 20th century, the flax industry flourished and remains important within the Belgian textile industry today. Courtrai is the largest city in southern West Flanders, with several hospitals, colleges and a university. Courtrai was the first city in Belgium with a pedestrian shopping street, the Korte Steenstraat. Roman mythology is the body of myths of ancient Rome as represented in the literature and visual arts of the Romans. One of a wide variety of genres of Roman folklore, Roman mythology may also refer to the modern study of these representations, and to the subject matter as represented in the literature and art of other cultures in any period. Roman mythology draws from the mythology of the Italic peoples and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European mythology. Roman mythology also draws directly on Greek mythology, potentially as early as Rome's protohistory, but primarily during the Hellenistic period of Greek influence and through the Roman conquest of Greece, via the artistic imitation of Greek literary models by Roman authors. The Romans identified their own gods with those of the ancient Greeks--who were closely historically related in some cases, such as Zeus and Jupiter--and reinterpreted myths about Greek deities under the names of their Roman counterparts. Greek and Roman mythologies are therefore often classified together in the modern era as Greco-Roman mythology. Latin literature was widely known in Europe throughout the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance. The interpretations of Greek myths by the Romans often had a greater influence on narrative and pictorial representations of "Greco-Roman mythology" than Greek sources. In particular, the versions of Greek myths in Ovid's Metamorphoses, written during the reign of Augustus, came to be regarded as canonical. Because ritual played the central role in Roman religion that myth did for the Greeks, it is sometimes doubted that the Romans had much of a native mythology. This perception is a product of Romanticism and the classical scholarship of the 19th century, which valued Greek civilization as more "authentically creative." From the Renaissance to the 18th century, however, Roman myths were an inspiration particularly for European painting. The Roman tradition is rich in historical myths, or legends, concerning the foundation and rise of the city. These narratives focus on human actors, with only occasional intervention from deities but a pervasive sense of divinely ordered destiny. In Rome's earliest period, history and myth have a mutual and complementary relationship. As T. P. Wiseman notes: In Roman mythology, Romulus and Remus are twin brothers whose story tells of the events that led to the founding of the city of Rome and the Roman Kingdom by Romulus, following his fratricide of Remus. The image of a she-wolf suckling the twins in their infancy has been a symbol of the city of Rome and the ancient Romans since at least the 3rd century BC. Although the tale takes place before the founding of Rome around 750 BC, the earliest known written account of the myth is from the late 3rd century BC. Possible historical bases for the story, and interpretations of its local variants, are subjects of ongoing debate. Romulus and Remus were born in Alba Longa, one of the many ancient Latin cities near the future site of Rome. Their mother, Rhea Silvia, was a vestal virgin and the daughter of the former king, Numitor, who had been displaced by his brother Amulius. In some sources, Rhea Silvia conceived them when their father, the god Mars, visited her in a sacred grove dedicated to him. Seeing them as a possible threat to his rule, King Amulius ordered them to be killed and they were abandoned on the bank of the river Tiber to die. They were saved by the god Tiberinus, Father of the River, and survived with the care of others, at the site of what would eventually become Rome. In the most well-known episode, the twins were suckled by a she-wolf, in a cave now known as the Lupercal. Eventually, they were adopted by Faustulus, a shepherd. They grew up tending flocks, unaware of their true identities. Over time, they became natural leaders and attracted a company of supporters from the community. When they were young adults, they became involved in a dispute between supporters of Numitor and Amulius. As a result, Remus was taken prisoner and brought to Alba Longa. Both his grandfather and the king suspected his true identity. Romulus, meanwhile, had organized an effort to free his brother and set out with help for the city. During this time they learned of their past and joined forces with their grandfather to restore him to the throne. Amulius was killed and Numitor was reinstated as king of Alba. The twins set out to build a city of their own. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Capitoline she-wolf <p> part of <o> Roman mythology <s> Capitoline she-wolf <p> present in work <o> founding of Rome <s> Capitoline she-wolf <p> present in work <o> Capitoline Wolf <s> Capitoline she-wolf <p> habitat <o> Lupercal <s> Capitoline she-wolf <p> depicted by <o> Capitoline Wolf <s> Capitoline she-wolf <p> sex or gender <o> female <s> Capitoline she-wolf <p> instance of <o> mythological canine <s> Capitoline she-wolf <p> instance of <o> fictional wolf <s> Capitoline she-wolf <p> topic's main category <o> Category:She-wolf (Roman mythology) <s> Category:Founding of Rome <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Founding of Rome <p> category's main topic <o> founding of Rome <s> myth of origins <p> facet of <o> religion <s> myth of origins <p> instance of <o> literary genre <s> myth of origins <p> subclass of <o> founding <s> myth of origins <p> subclass of <o> pourquoi story <s> myth of origins <p> subclass of <o> legend <s> myth of origins <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> WikiProject Narration <s> myth of origins <p> subclass of <o> myth <s> myth of origins <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Origin myths <s> myth of origins <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> myth of origins <p> subclass of <o> aspect of history <s> First Roman Kingdom <p> subclass of <o> Roman Kingdom <s> First Roman Kingdom <p> part of <o> Roman Kingdom <s> First Roman Kingdom <p> follows <o> founding of Rome <s> First Roman Kingdom <p> country <o> Ancient Rome <s> First Roman Kingdom <p> instance of <o> historical period <s> First Roman Kingdom <p> followed by <o> Second Roman Kingdom <s> metropolitan city of Italy <p> country <o> Italy <s> metropolitan city of Italy <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Italy <s> metropolitan city of Italy <p> subclass of <o> second-level administrative division <s> metropolitan city of Italy <p> subclass of <o> NUTS 3 statistical territorial entity <s> metropolitan city of Italy <p> subclass of <o> metropolitan area <s> metropolitan city of Italy <p> subclass of <o> political territorial entity <s> metropolitan city of Italy <p> part of <o> region of Italy <s> metropolitan city of Italy <p> different from <o> metropolitan city of South Korea <s> metropolitan city of Italy <p> subclass of <o> administrative territorial entity of Italy <s> metropolitan city of Italy <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Metropolitan cities of Italy <s> Category:Metropolitan City of Rome Capital <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Metropolitan City of Rome Capital <p> category's main topic <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> country <o> Italy <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gagliano Aterno <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gioia dei Marsi <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Goriano Sicoli <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Introdacqua <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lucoli <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Luco dei Marsi <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lecce nei Marsi <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Molina Aterno <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Montereale <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Abruzzo <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Navelli <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Morino <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Opi, Abruzzo <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ofena <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> capital <o> L'Aquila <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Massa d'Albe <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Magliano de' Marsi <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> L'Aquila <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> office held by head of government <o> president of the Province of L'Aquila <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Province of L'Aquila <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Province of L'Aquila <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> shares border with <o> Province of Chieti <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Acciano <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Aielli <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> shares border with <o> Province of Frosinone <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Avezzano <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ocre <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> shares border with <o> province of Isernia <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> shares border with <o> Province of Pescara <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pacentro <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Balsorano <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ortona dei Marsi <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Oricola <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pereto <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pescasseroli <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pescocostanzo <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pescina <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Alfedena <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from the Province of L'Aquila <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pettorano sul Gizio <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pizzoli <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ateleta <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Anversa degli Abruzzi <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Province of L'Aquila <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Santo Stefano di Sessanio <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sante Marie <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Province of L'Aquila <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> shares border with <o> Province of Rieti <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Poggio Picenze <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Barete <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Barisciano <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ortucchio <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ovindoli <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> shares border with <o> Province of Teramo <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Civita d'Antino <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Civitella Alfedena <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rivisondoli <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rocca Pia <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rocca di Mezzo <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rocca di Cambio <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Campo di Giove <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Campotosto <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sulmona <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> instance of <o> province of Italy <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cappadocia, Abruzzo <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Caporciano <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cerchio <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Prata d'Ansidonia <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pratola Peligna <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Castel di Sangro <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bugnara <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cagnano Amiterno <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Celano <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Castelvecchio Subequo <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Castellafiume <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Castelvecchio Calvisio <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Carapelle Calvisio <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Carsoli <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Barrea <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bisegna <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sant'Eusanio Forconese <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Vincenzo Valle Roveto <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Capistrello <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Capitignano <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Prezza <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Raiano <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tione degli Abruzzi <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tagliacozzo <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Civitella Roveto <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cocullo <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Collepietro <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Collelongo <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Scontrone <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Scanno <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Calascio <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Capestrano <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rocca di Botte <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Benedetto dei Marsi <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Collarmele <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Vittorito <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Castel di Ieri <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Castel del Monte <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Roccacasale <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Roccaraso <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Scurcola Marsicana <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Secinaro <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fagnano Alto <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Corfinio <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fossa <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fontecchio <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Scoppito <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cansano <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Canistro <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Benedetto in Perillis <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Villa Santa Lucia degli Abruzzi <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Villa Sant'Angelo <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tornimparte <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Trasacco <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Demetrio ne' Vestini <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> San Pio delle Camere <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Villalago <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Villavallelonga <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Villetta Barrea <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> head of government <o> Antonio Del Corvo <s> Province of L'Aquila <p> shares border with <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Category:People from the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital <p> category combines topics <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Category:People from the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:People from the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital <p> category combines topics <o> Province of Rome <s> Category:People from the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Climate Alliance <p> board member <o> Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin <s> Climate Alliance <p> country <o> Germany <s> Climate Alliance <p> headquarters location <o> Frankfurt <s> Climate Alliance <p> headquarters location <o> City of Brussels <s> Climate Alliance <p> instance of <o> international non-governmental organization <s> Climate Alliance <p> legal form <o> eingetragener Verein <s> sustainable development <p> facet of <o> human development <s> sustainable development <p> instance of <o> type of policy <s> sustainable development <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> WikiProject Climate change <s> sustainable development <p> maintained by WikiProject <o> WikiProject Sustainable Development <s> sustainable development <p> has characteristic <o> sustainability <s> sustainable development <p> described by source <o> Dictionary of Common Goods <s> sustainable development <p> described by source <o> Lean Logic <s> sustainable development <p> subclass of <o> development <s> sustainable development <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Sustainable development <s> sustainable development <p> has goal <o> Sustainable Development Goals <s> sustainable development <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 </Graph>

<Text> :An origin myth is a type of myth that explains the beginnings of a natural or social aspect of the world. One specific kind of origin myth is the creation or cosmogonic myth, which narrates the formation of the universe. However, numerous cultures have stories that take place after the initial origin. These stories aim to explain the origins of natural phenomena or human institutions within an already existing world. In Graeco-Roman scholarship, the terms etiological myth and aition are occasionally used to describe a myth that clarifies an origin, particularly how an object or custom came into existence. Origin myths are narratives that explain how a particular reality came into existence. They often serve to justify the established order by attributing its establishment to sacred forces . The line between cosmogonic myths and origin myths is not always clear. A myth about the origin of a specific part of the world assumes the existence of the world itself, which often relies on a cosmogonic myth. Therefore, origin myths can be seen as expanding upon and building upon their cultures' cosmogonic myths. In traditional cultures, it is common for the recitation of an origin myth to be preceded by the recitation of a cosmogonic myth. Within academic circles, the term "myth" is often used specifically to refer to origin and cosmogonic myths. Folklorists, for example, reserve the term "myth" for stories that describe creation. Stories that do not primarily focus on origins are categorized as "legend" or "folk tale," which are distinct from myths according to folklorists. Mircea Eliade, a historian, argues that in many traditional cultures, almost every sacred story can be considered an origin myth. Traditional societies often pattern their behavior after sacred events and view their lives as a cyclical return to a mythical age. As a result, nearly every sacred story portrays events that establish a new framework for human behavior, making them essentially stories of creation. An origin myth often functions to justify the current state of affairs. In traditional cultures, the entities and forces described in origin myths are often considered sacred. Thus, by attributing the state of the universe to the actions of these entities and forces, origin myths give the current order an aura of sacredness: "Myths reveal that the World, man, and life have a supernatural origin and history, and that this history is significant, precious, and exemplary." Many cultures instil the expectation that people take mythical gods and heroes as their role models, imitating their deeds and upholding the customs they established: The province of L'Aquila is the largest, most mountainous and least densely populated province of the Abruzzo region of Italy. It comprises about half the landmass of Abruzzo and occupies the western part of the region. It has borders with the provinces of Teramo to the north, Pescara and Chieti to the east, Isernia to the south and Frosinone, Rome and Rieti to the west. Its capital is the city of L'Aquila. The province of L'Aquila includes the highest mountains of the Apennines , their highest peak, Corno Grande, the high plain of Campo Imperatore, and Europe's southernmost glacier, the Calderone. The province's major rivers are the Aterno-Pescara, Sangro, Liri, Salto, and the Turano; its major lakes are Lago Scanno and Lago Barrea. It once included the largest lake on the Italian peninsula, Lago Fucino, which was drained in one of the 19th century's largest engineering projects. The lake basin is today a flourishing agricultural area and an important technological district. The province is known for its many castles, fortresses and pristine medieval hill towns. The province's two major cities, L'Aquila and Avezzano, have had rapid economic expansion since the late 20th century, with the growth of transportation manufacturing, telecommunications, and computer industries. Throughout most of the 20th century, there were serious population declines in the rural areas, with the near collapse of the province's pastoral agricultural economy, as people moved to cities for work. Since the founding of the Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga and Majella national parks, and the Sirente-Velino Regional Park, tourists have been attracted to the mountainous landscapes. Tourism and associated services have boosted the economy of rural L'Aquila and begun to reverse its population decline. Climate Alliance is a European network of cities, towns and counties founded in 1990 committed to the protection of the world's climate. The European Secretariat of Climate Alliance is based in Frankfurt am Main, Germany and in Brussels, Belgium. Climate Alliance has members in Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,d, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine. The nearly 2,000 members from more than 25 European countries aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at their source. Their allies are the indigenous peoples of the rainforests. The indigenous partners are represented by COICA, the Coordination of Indigenous Organisations of the nine neighbouring countries of the Amazon Basin. Foundation pillars of local climate protection are energy savings and efficient energy use as well as renewable energy sources and environment-friendly mobility. Climate Alliance advises cities and municipalities on the implementation of climate protection strategies and develops recognised tools for standardised recording of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Furthermore, Climate Alliance develops and coordinates projects and campaigns, which address different target groups. Besides of own activities Climate Alliance is partner of further campaigns and steps also into political actions. On national and international level it stands up for European local authorities engaged in climate protection and supports organisations of Indigenous peoples. Sustainable development is an organizing principle that aims to meet human development goals while also enabling natural systems to provide necessary natural resources and ecosystem services to humans. The desired result is a society where living conditions and resources meet human needs without undermining the planetary integrity and stability of the natural system. Sustainable development tries to find a balance between economic development, environmental protection, and social well-being. The Brundtland Report in 1987 defined sustainable development as "development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". The concept of sustainable development nowadays has a focus on economic development, social development and environmental protection for future generations. Sustainable development was first institutionalized with the Rio Process initiated at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. In 2015 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Sustainable Development Goals and explained how the goals are integrated and indivisible to achieve sustainable development at the global level. The UNGA's 17 goals address the global challenges, including poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice. Sustainable development is interlinked with the normative concept of sustainability. UNESCO formulated a distinction between the two concepts as follows: "Sustainability is often thought of as a long-term goal , while sustainable development refers to the many processes and pathways to achieve it." The concept of sustainable development has been criticized in various ways. While some see it as paradoxical and regard development as inherently unsustainable, others are disappointed in the lack of progress that has been achieved so far. Part of the problem is that "development" itself is not consistently defined.: 16 In 1987, the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development released the report Our Common Future, commonly called the Brundtland Report. The report included a definition of "sustainable development" which is now widely used: </Text>

<Graph> : <s> network <p> manifestation of <o> graph <s> network <p> subclass of <o> system <s> network <p> described by source <o> Lean Logic <s> network <p> named after <o> netting <s> network <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Networks <s> network <p> has part(s) <o> node <s> urban development <p> instance of <o> activity <s> urban development <p> subclass of <o> planning <s> urban development <p> part of <o> local politics <s> urban development <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Urban development <s> urban development <p> studied in <o> urban studies <s> urban development <p> studied in <o> urban analysis and development <s> City of Literature <p> instance of <o> award <s> City of Literature <p> instance of <o> designation <s> City of Literature <p> conferred by <o> UNESCO <s> City of Literature <p> part of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> City of Design <p> conferred by <o> UNESCO <s> City of Design <p> instance of <o> title of honor <s> City of Design <p> part of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> City of Media Arts <p> conferred by <o> UNESCO <s> City of Media Arts <p> instance of <o> award <s> City of Media Arts <p> instance of <o> designation <s> City of Media Arts <p> part of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> City of Music <p> conferred by <o> UNESCO <s> City of Music <p> instance of <o> designation <s> City of Music <p> instance of <o> award <s> City of Music <p> part of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> City of Gastronomy <p> conferred by <o> UNESCO <s> City of Gastronomy <p> instance of <o> award <s> City of Gastronomy <p> instance of <o> designation <s> City of Gastronomy <p> part of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> City of Crafts and Folk Art <p> conferred by <o> UNESCO <s> City of Crafts and Folk Art <p> instance of <o> award <s> City of Crafts and Folk Art <p> instance of <o> designation <s> City of Crafts and Folk Art <p> part of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> City of Film <p> instance of <o> award <s> City of Film <p> conferred by <o> UNESCO <s> City of Film <p> instance of <o> designation <s> City of Film <p> part of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Category:Rome portal <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Rome portal <p> category's main topic <o> Portal:Rome </Graph>

<Text> :Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning in specific contexts, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks and their accessibility. Traditionally, urban planning followed a top-down approach in master planning the physical layout of human settlements. The primary concern was the public welfare, which included considerations of efficiency, sanitation, protection and use of the environment, as well as effects of the master plans on the social and economic activities. Over time, urban planning has adopted a focus on the social and environmental bottom lines that focus on planning as a tool to improve the health and well-being of people while maintaining sustainability standards. Sustainable development was added as one of the main goals of all planning endeavors in the late 20th century when the detrimental economic and the environmental impacts of the previous models of planning had become apparent. Similarly, in the early 21st century, Jane Jacobs's writings on legal and political perspectives to emphasize the interests of residents, businesses and communities effectively influenced urban planners to take into broader consideration of resident experiences and needs while planning. Urban planning answers questions about how people will live, work and play in a given area and thus, guides orderly development in urban, suburban and rural areas. Although predominantly concerned with the planning of settlements and communities, urban planners are also responsible for planning the efficient transportation of goods, resources, people and waste; the distribution of basic necessities such as water and electricity; a sense of inclusion and opportunity for people of all kinds, culture and needs; economic growth or business development; improving health and conserving areas of natural environmental significance that actively contributes to reduction in CO2 emissions as well as protecting heritage structures and built environments. Since most urban planning teams consist of highly educated individuals that work for city governments, recent debates focus on how to involve more community members in city planning processes. Urban planning is an interdisciplinary field that includes civil engineering, architecture, human geography, politics, social science and design sciences. Practitioners of urban planning are concerned with research and analysis, strategic thinking, engineering architecture, urban design, public consultation, policy recommendations, implementation and management. It is closely related to the field of urban design and some urban planners provide designs for streets, parks, buildings and other urban areas. Urban planners work with the cognate fields of civil engineering, landscape architecture, architecture, and public administration to achieve strategic, policy and sustainability goals. Early urban planners were often members of these cognate fields though today, urban planning is a separate, independent professional discipline. The discipline of urban planning is the broader category that includes different sub-fields such as land-use planning, zoning, economic development, environmental planning, and transportation planning. Creating the plans requires a thorough understanding of penal codes and zonal codes of planning. Another important aspect of urban planning is that the range of urban planning projects include the large-scale master planning of empty sites or Greenfield projects as well as small-scale interventions and refurbishments of existing structures, buildings and public spaces. Pierre Charles L'Enfant in Washington, D.C., Daniel Burnham in Chicago, Lucio Costa in Brasilia and Georges-Eugene Haussmann in Paris planned cities from scratch, and Robert Moses and Le Corbusier refurbished and transformed cities and neighborhoods to meet their ideas of urban planning. Ljubljana runs their Library Under the Treetops at various locations across the city, including Tivoli City Park and Zvezda Park. These sites offer a selection of book genres and several domestic and foreign newspapers and magazines. Melbourne's is home to Australia's oldest public library State Library of Victoria, the Centre of Books, Writing and Ideas The Wheeler Centre and was home to the world's biggest book shop Cole's Book Arcade, opened at the turn of the twentieth century. Prague's "great intellectual and creative resources," includes the book design, illustration, typography, and graphic design fields. It also has the National Library of the Czech Republic among over 200 libraries, one of Europe's highest concentrations of bookshops, and the Prague Writers' Festival. Twenty-four of the represented cities are European, seven are Asian, and three are North American. Oceania and South America is represented by two cities each, while Africa is to have one designated city. UNESCO's City of Media Arts project is part of the wider Creative Cities Network. The Network launched in 2004, and has member cities in seven creative fields. The other fields are: Crafts and Folk Art, Music, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, Media Arts and Design Cities. The Cite de la Musique , also known as Philharmonie 2, is a group of institutions dedicated to music and situated in the Parc de la Villette, 19th arrondissement of Paris, France. It was designed with the nearby Conservatoire de Paris by the architect Christian de Portzamparc and opened in 1995. Part of Francois Mitterrand's Grands Projets, the Cite de la Musique reinvented La Villette - the former slaughterhouse district. It consists of an amphitheater, a concert hall that can accommodate an audience of 800-1,000, a music museum containing an important collection of music instruments from different cultural traditions, dating mainly from the fifteenth- to twentieth-century, a music library, exhibition halls and workshops. The Cite de la Musique, as an EPIC, was also entrusted by the State with the management of the Salle Pleyel, which reopened on September 13, 2006, after major renovations. In 2015, it was renamed Philharmonie 2 as part of the Philharmonie de Paris when a larger symphony hall was built by Jean Nouvel and named Philharmonie 1. Its official address is 221, Avenue Jean Jaures, 75019 Paris. Placed under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture. Designed by the architect Christian de Portzamparc and inaugurated on December 7, 1995, it brings together a set of facilities and services dedicated to music and is located on the Place de la Fontaine-aux-Lions at the Porte de Pantin in the district du Pont-de-Flandres in the 19th arrondissement of Paris, on the edge of the Parc de la Villette. The Musee de la Musique features a collection of about 8,390 items, comprising around 4,442 musical instruments, 1,097 instrument elements or 939 pieces of art collected by the Conservatoire de Paris since 1793 as well as some archives and a library of 110,000 written and audiovisual documents. The museum's collection, which opened to the public in 1864, and was relocated at the Cite de la musique in 1997, contains instruments used in Western classical, modern and non-European music from the sixteenth century to the present time. It includes lutes, archlutes, almost 200 classical guitars, violins by Italian luthiers Antonio Stradivari, the Guarneri family, Nicolo Amati; French and Flemish harpsichords; pianos by French piano-makers Sebastien Erard and Ignaz Pleyel; saxophones by Adolphe Sax, etc. and many are also presented online. UNESCO's City of Gastronomy project is part of the wider Creative Cities Network. The Network was launched in 2004, and organizes member cities into seven creative fields: Crafts and Folk Art, Design, Film, Gastronomy, Literature, Media Arts, and Music. Chengdu, China, is the capital of Sichuan and Sichuanese cuisine, one of the most popular types of cuisine in China. The city is the birthplace of numerous dishes, including mapo doufu and dan dan noodles, and has a distinct and vibrant tea house culture. Bergen, Norway, is a port city with a long history in seafood trade. Local gastronomy thrives on organic food. Bergen hosts the world's largest conference on seafood, the North Atlantic Seafood Forum Conference, and is also home to the Centre of Expertise for Sustainable Seafood and the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research. Rasht, Iran, represents Iranian cookery. The dominant foods are various types of fish. The region is famous for several distinctive dishes as well as the typical cooking method in Gamaj clay pots. Sydney is home to Fox Studios Australia, the studio that brought The Matrix trilogy, The Great Gatsby, and The Wolverine to life. Sydney's "pristine beaches" and "lush mountains" can also provide a backdrop for location shooting. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Palazzo Marino <p> country <o> Italy <s> Palazzo Marino <p> owned by <o> Milan <s> Palazzo Marino <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Milan <s> Palazzo Marino <p> architect <o> Galeazzo Alessi <s> Palazzo Marino <p> architectural style <o> Mannerist architecture <s> Palazzo Marino <p> instance of <o> palazzo <s> Palazzo Marino <p> instance of <o> architectural ensemble <s> Palazzo Marino <p> located on street <o> Piazza della Scala <s> Palazzo Marino <p> instance of <o> town hall <s> Palazzo Marino <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Palazzo Marino (Milan) <s> Palazzo Marino <p> commissioned by <o> Tommaso Marino <s> Palazzo Marino <p> heritage designation <o> Italian national heritage <s> Palazzo Marino <p> main building contractor <o> Tommaso Marino <s> Toronto <p> different from <o> Toronto <s> Toronto <p> different from <o> Toronto <s> Toronto <p> open data portal <o> Toronto Open Data <s> Toronto <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Toronto <s> Toronto <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Toronto <s> Toronto <p> capital of <o> Ontario <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Toronto Transit Commission <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Coca-Cola Coliseum <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Union Station <s> Toronto <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−05:00 <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Centennial Park Stadium <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Ford Performance Centre <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Exhibition Stadium <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Esther Shiner Stadium <s> Toronto <p> located in time zone <o> Eastern Time Zone <s> Toronto <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Toronto <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Toronto <p> country <o> Canada <s> Toronto <p> geography of topic <o> geography of Toronto <s> Toronto <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Toronto <p> location <o> Greater Toronto Area <s> Toronto <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Warsaw <s> Toronto <p> continent <o> North America <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vilnius <s> Toronto <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Toronto <s> Toronto <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Toronto <p> depicted by <o> Charles Lewis Fonds <s> Toronto <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Toronto <s> Toronto <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Toronto <s> Toronto <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Toronto <s> Toronto <p> archives at <o> City of Toronto Archives <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Volgograd <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Seven Oaks Park <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Iroquois Park <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> North Bendale Park <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Muirlands Park <s> Toronto <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Toronto <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Toronto <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Toronto <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Toronto <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Toronto <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chicago <s> Toronto <p> instance of <o> city <s> Toronto <p> Köppen climate classification <o> warm-summer humid continental climate <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mexico City <s> Toronto <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Toronto <s> Toronto <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Toronto <s> Toronto <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Toronto <s> Toronto <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Lake Ontario <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> São Paulo <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Ted Reeve Arena <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Wychwood Barns <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> L'Amoreaux Park <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> St. Lawrence Centre for the Arts <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Milliken Park <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Lamport Stadium <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> Rosedale Field <s> Toronto <p> owner of <o> William McBrien Building <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Istanbul <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Islamabad <s> Toronto <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Toronto <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Frankfurt <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ho Chi Minh City <s> Toronto <p> related category <o> Category:Toronto-related lists <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kyiv <s> Toronto <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ontario <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Naples <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Quito <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Damascus <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Indianapolis <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bishkek <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Amsterdam <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chongqing <s> Toronto <p> shares border with <o> Vaughan <s> Toronto <p> shares border with <o> Regional Municipality of York <s> Toronto <p> shares border with <o> Brampton <s> Toronto <p> shares border with <o> Markham <s> Toronto <p> shares border with <o> Regional Municipality of Peel <s> Toronto <p> shares border with <o> Mississauga <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Eilat <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sagamihara <s> Toronto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Serra San Bruno <s> Toronto <p> shares border with <o> Regional Municipality of Durham <s> Toronto <p> shares border with <o> Pickering <s> Toronto <p> instance of <o> human settlement <s> Toronto <p> instance of <o> financial centre <s> Toronto <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Toronto <p> founded by <o> John Graves Simcoe <s> Toronto <p> flag <o> flag of Toronto <s> Toronto <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Toronto <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Don River <s> Toronto <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Humber River <s> Toronto <p> instance of <o> largest city <s> Toronto <p> instance of <o> single-tier municipality <s> Toronto <p> instance of <o> census division of Canada <s> Toronto <p> instance of <o> provincial or territorial capital city in Canada <s> Toronto <p> head of government <o> Olivia Chow <s> Toronto <p> named after <o> Fort Rouillé <s> Toronto <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Rouge River <s> Toronto <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Toronto <s> Toronto <p> legislative body <o> Toronto City Council <s> São Paulo <p> capital of <o> São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> continent <o> South America <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toronto <s> São Paulo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−03:00 <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> São Paulo <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> São Paulo <p> different from <o> São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> São Paulo <p> part of <o> Greater São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> part of <o> São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> country <o> Brazil <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lisbon <s> São Paulo <p> part of <o> São Paulo metropolitan area <s> São Paulo <p> highest point <o> Pico do Jaraguá <s> São Paulo <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> economy of topic <o> economy of São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> instance of <o> megacity <s> São Paulo <p> instance of <o> big city <s> São Paulo <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> São Paulo <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:São Paulo (city) <s> São Paulo <p> instance of <o> city <s> São Paulo <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of São Paulo (city) <s> São Paulo <p> instance of <o> municipality of Brazil <s> São Paulo <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in São Paulo (city) <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chicago <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mexico City <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tokyo <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> São Bernardo do Campo <s> São Paulo <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have <s> São Paulo <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> La Paz <s> São Paulo <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> São Paulo <p> instance of <o> million city <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beijing <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Osasco <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Guarulhos <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barcelona <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Santo André <s> São Paulo <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Abidjan <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montevideo <s> São Paulo <p> instance of <o> largest city <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yerevan <s> São Paulo <p> head of government <o> Ricardo Nunes <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Leipzig <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hamburg <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Havana <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buenos Aires <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lima <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Budapest <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santiago <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bamako <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Amman <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Luanda <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Asunción <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Damascus <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Córdoba <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seoul <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Miami <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shanghai <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santiago de Compostela <s> São Paulo <p> named after <o> Paul the Apostle <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Macau <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bucharest <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tel Aviv <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Funchal <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Osaka <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> İzmir <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> La Plata <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ningbo <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mendoza <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Coimbra <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Cristóbal de La Laguna <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Monterrey <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cluj-Napoca <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Arequipa <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Naha <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Póvoa de Varzim <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Leiria <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> São Vicente <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Itaquaquecetuba <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Mauá <s> São Paulo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> West Zone of São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Huaibei <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Torreón <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Góis <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Alta Floresta <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Poá <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Barueri <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Embu das Artes <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Santana de Parnaíba <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Miami-Dade County <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Diadema <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Cotia <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Taboão da Serra <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Belmonte <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Mairiporã <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> São Caetano do Sul <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Itapecerica da Serra <s> São Paulo <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tietê River <s> São Paulo <p> flag <o> flag of the City of São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Embu-Guaçu <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Cajamar <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Caieiras <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Itanhaém <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Ferraz de Vasconcelos <s> São Paulo <p> shares border with <o> Juquitiba <s> São Paulo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Presidente Franco District <s> São Paulo <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Pinheiros River <s> São Paulo <p> anthem <o> Anthem of the Municipality of São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Central Zone of São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> East Zone of São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> North Zone of São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Northeast Zone <s> São Paulo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> South Zone of São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Southwest Zone <s> São Paulo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Northwest Zone <s> São Paulo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> South-Central Zone <s> São Paulo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Southeast Zone <s> São Paulo <p> legislative body <o> Municipal Chamber of São Paulo <s> São Paulo <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of São Paulo <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> place of publication <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> language of work or name <o> Russian <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 14, 1914 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 17, 1914 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 12, 1913 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 18, 1915 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 16, 1914 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 15, 1914 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 13, 1913 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Military Encyclopedia (1911—1915) <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> instance of <o> encyclopedic dictionary <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> editor <o> Vasily Fedorovich Novitsky <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 11, 1913 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 5, 1911 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 8, 1912 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 10, 1912–1913 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 6, 1912 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 7, 1912 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 4, 1911 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 9, 1912 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 3, 1911 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 2, 1911 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> has part(s) <o> Military Encyclopedia. Volume 1, 1911 <s> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <p> publisher <o> Ivan Sytin <s> Lyon <p> different from <o> Lyon <s> Lyon <p> capital of <o> Rhône-Alpes <s> Lyon <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Bron <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Villeurbanne <s> Lyon <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Lyon <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Łódź <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Frankfurt <s> Lyon <p> replaces <o> Lugdunum <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Oullins <s> Lyon <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> open data portal <o> data.grandlyon.com <s> Lyon <p> capital of <o> Gallia Lugdunensis <s> Lyon <p> named after <o> Lugdunum <s> Lyon <p> authority <o> City of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Lyon <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manila <s> Lyon <p> history of topic <o> history of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Écully <s> Lyon <p> replaces <o> La Guillotière <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Vénissieux <s> Lyon <p> instance of <o> commune of France <s> Lyon <p> country <o> France <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kyiv <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Francheville <s> Lyon <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Lyon <p> replaces <o> La Croix-Rousse <s> Lyon <p> replaces <o> Vaise <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon <s> Lyon <p> capital of <o> Arrondissement of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia <s> Lyon <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Lyon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> 1st arrondissement of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> archives at <o> Lyon Municipal Archives <s> Lyon <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Rhône <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Collonges-au-Mont-d'Or <s> Lyon <p> replaces <o> Saint-Rambert-l'Île-Barbe <s> Lyon <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Lyon <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Lyon <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Lyon <p> capital of <o> Rhône <s> Lyon <p> significant event <o> Revolt of Lyon against the National Convention <s> Lyon <p> list of monuments <o> list of monuments in Lyon <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Birmingham <s> Lyon <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Lyon <s> Lyon <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ho Chi Minh City <s> Lyon <p> different from <o> City of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> has list <o> list of streets and squares in Lyon <s> Lyon <p> capital of <o> Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes <s> Lyon <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Lyon <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Lyon <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Lyon <p> capital of <o> departmental district of the Rhône <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Caluire-et-Cuire <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yerevan <s> Lyon <p> instance of <o> college town <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Minsk <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> La Mulatière <s> Lyon <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Lyon <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Lyon <p> instance of <o> commune of France with specific status <s> Lyon <p> head of government <o> Grégory Doucet <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Tassin-la-Demi-Lune <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Curitiba <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d'Or <s> Lyon <p> capital of <o> Metropolis of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> part of <o> Metropolis of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> significant event <o> Siege of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Saint-Fons <s> Lyon <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Lyon <s> Lyon <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Lyon <s> Lyon <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> St. Louis <s> Lyon <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Lyon <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pécs <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mykolaiv <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Aleppo <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jericho <s> Lyon <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Lyon <s> Lyon <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Lyon <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Oullins-Pierre-Bénite <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beirut <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Pierre-Bénite <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Champagne-au-Mont-d'Or <s> Lyon <p> shares border with <o> Saint-Didier-au-Mont-d'Or <s> Lyon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> 2nd arrondissement of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> 5th arrondissement of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> 4th arrondissement of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> 3rd arrondissement of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Samarkand <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gothenburg Municipality <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Varna <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Leipzig <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ouagadougou <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Craiova <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beersheba <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Guangzhou <s> Lyon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> 6th arrondissement of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> 7th arrondissement of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> 9th arrondissement of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> 8th arrondissement of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Lyon <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kutaisi <s> Lyon <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolis of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Košice <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yokohama <s> Lyon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bălți <s> Lyon <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Saône <s> Lyon <p> flag <o> Flag of Lyon <s> Lyon <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tête d'Or Lake <s> mayor of Milan <p> country <o> Italy <s> mayor of Milan <p> country <o> Kingdom of Italy <s> mayor of Milan <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Milan <s> mayor of Milan <p> subclass of <o> mayor of a place in Lombardy <s> mayor of Milan <p> part of <o> municipal executive board of Milan <s> mayor of Milan <p> organization directed by the office or position <o> municipal executive board of Milan <s> mayor of Milan <p> instance of <o> public office <s> mayor of Milan <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mayors of Milan <s> mayor of Milan <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Mayors of Milan <s> mayor of Milan <p> has list <o> list of mayors of Milan <s> mayor of Milan <p> officeholder <o> Giuseppe Sala <s> Regesta Imperii <p> country <o> Germany <s> Regesta Imperii <p> instance of <o> research project <s> Regesta Imperii <p> instance of <o> collection <s> Regesta Imperii <p> has part(s) of the class <o> Regesta <s> Regesta Imperii <p> funding scheme <o> Akademienprogramm <s> Regesta Imperii <p> has part(s) <o> Regesta Imperii VII <s> Regesta Imperii <p> has part(s) <o> Regesta Friderici <s> Regesta Imperii <p> has part(s) <o> Regesta Imperii II <s> Regesta Imperii <p> has part(s) <o> Regesta Imperii VI <s> Regesta Imperii <p> has part(s) <o> Regesta Imperii XIII <s> Regesta Imperii <p> headquarters location <o> Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz <s> Milan metropolitan area <p> has part(s) <o> Milan <s> Milan metropolitan area <p> country <o> Italy <s> Milan metropolitan area <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Milan metropolitan area <s> Milan metropolitan area <p> instance of <o> urban agglomeration <s> Milan metropolitan area <p> different from <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Milan metropolitan area <p> part of <o> Lombardy <s> Sofia <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Sofia <p> country <o> Bulgaria <s> Sofia <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Sofia <p> capital of <o> Sofia Province <s> Sofia <p> capital of <o> Bulgaria <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> London <s> Sofia <p> different from <o> Sofia Province <s> Sofia <p> capital of <o> Sofia Capital Municipality <s> Sofia <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:00 <s> Sofia <p> part of <o> Shopluk <s> Sofia <p> different from <o> Sofia Capital Municipality <s> Sofia <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Sofia <p> capital of <o> Sofia City Province <s> Sofia <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Berlin <s> Sofia <p> territory overlaps <o> Oborishte District <s> Sofia <p> territory overlaps <o> Triaditsa District <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Skopje <s> Sofia <p> territory overlaps <o> Pancharevo District <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Prague <s> Sofia <p> capital of <o> People's Republic of Bulgaria <s> Sofia <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Sofia <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> City of Brussels <s> Sofia <p> present in work <o> Civilization V <s> Sofia <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Sofia <p> capital of <o> Principality of Bulgaria <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Sofia <p> capital of <o> Kingdom of Bulgaria <s> Sofia <p> territory overlaps <o> Sredets District <s> Sofia <p> territory overlaps <o> Ovcha Kupel District <s> Sofia <p> territory overlaps <o> Krasno Selo District <s> Sofia <p> territory overlaps <o> Vitosha District <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pittsburgh <s> Sofia <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Sofia <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brussels-Capital Region <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Moscow <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tbilisi <s> Sofia <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Sofia <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Sofia <s> Sofia <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Sofia <s> Sofia <p> significant event <o> Siege of Sofia <s> Sofia <p> significant event <o> Siege of Serdica <s> Sofia <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Sofia <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Sofia <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Warsaw <s> Sofia <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Sofia <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Helsinki <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Athens <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bratislava <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vienna <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Amman <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kyiv <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Algiers <s> Sofia <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tirana <s> Sofia <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Sofia <p> described by source <o> Great Encyclopedia “Bulgaria” <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yerevan <s> Sofia <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Sofia <s> Sofia <p> territory overlaps <o> Bankya District <s> Sofia <p> territory overlaps <o> Iskar District <s> Sofia <p> territory overlaps <o> Kremikovtsi District <s> Sofia <p> territory overlaps <o> Vrabnitsa District <s> Sofia <p> territory overlaps <o> Novi Iskar District <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bucharest <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Madrid <s> Sofia <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Sofia <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Karlovac <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tel Aviv <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ankara <s> Sofia <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Sofia <s> Sofia <p> named after <o> Saint Sophia Church <s> Sofia <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Salalah <s> Sofia <p> instance of <o> seat of government <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bursa <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Monterrey <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nadezhda District <s> Sofia <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Sofia Capital Municipality <s> Sofia <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Vladaya River <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lozenets District <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ilinden District <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Izgrev District <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Oborishte District <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Krasna Polyana District <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Triaditsa District <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Krasno Selo District <s> Sofia <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sidon <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lyulin District <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sredets District <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Studentski District <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Slatina District <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Vazrazhdane District <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mladost District <s> Sofia <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Poduyane District <s> Sofia <p> flag <o> flag of Sofia <s> Sofia <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Boyanska reka <s> Sofia <p> instance of <o> oblast seat <s> Sofia <p> instance of <o> largest city <s> Sofia <p> instance of <o> city in Bulgaria <s> Sofia <p> instance of <o> metropolis <s> Sofia <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Perlovska <s> Sofia <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Kakach River <s> Sofia <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Iskar <s> Sofia <p> head of government <o> Yordanka Fandakova <s> Sofia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ílhavo <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> country <o> United States of America <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> World Business Council for Sustainable Development <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> Carbon Disclosure Project <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> Open Society Foundations <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> Clean Air Fund <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> Porticus Foundation <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> ClimateWorks Foundation <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> INGKA Group <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> Poul Due Jensen Foundation <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> headquarters location <o> New York City <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> Arup <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> Global Environment Facility <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> World Resources Institute <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> headquarters location <o> London <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> Institute for Transportation and Development Policy <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> International Council on Clean Transportation <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> Cities Alliance <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> WikiProject Climate change <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> L’Oréal Foundation <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> Realdania <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> Bloomberg Philanthropies <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> Oak Foundation <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> World Bank <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> United Cities and Local Governments <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> Clinton Foundation <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> Hewlett Foundation <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> funder <o> The Children's Investment Fund Management <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> partnership with <o> George Washington University <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> FedEx <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> instance of <o> organization <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> Wellcome Trust <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> instance of <o> charitable organization <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> instance of <o> collaboration <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> Novo Nordisk <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> Qlik <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> Stavros Niarchos Foundation <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> VELUX <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> Foundation SED Fund <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> The Climate Change Collaboration <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> The Global Methane Hub <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> Wallace Global Fund <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> Mayors Migration Council <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> headquarters location <o> 120 Park Avenue <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> director / manager <o> Anne Hidalgo <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> headquarters location <o> Queen Victoria Street <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> Bugaboo International <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> European Climate Foundation <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> Robert Wood Johnson Foundation <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> KR Foundation <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> sponsor <o> Alphabet Inc. <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> director / manager <o> Eric Garcetti <s> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <p> described by source <o> OpenCorporates </Graph>

<Text> :Palazzo Marino is a 16th-century palace located in Piazza della Scala, in the centre of Milan, Italy. It has been Milan's city hall since 9 September 1861. It borders on Piazza San Fedele, Piazza della Scala, Via Case Rotte and Via Tommaso Marino. The palace was built from 1557 to 1563 for Tommaso Marino. It was designed by architect Galeazzo Alessi from Perugia. Its main facade originally faced Piazza San Fedele, as Piazza della Scala at the time was a warren of medieval houses. The construction was occasionally slowed down by the opposition of the population, that had a very conservative attitude towards the architecture of the centre of Milan. Several sculptors from the Fabbrica del Duomo were involved in the decorations this Palazzo. In the courtyard, sculptures were erected representing the Labours of Hercules and the Metamorphoses. The ceiling of the main hall had frescos and stuccos with the Marriage of Cupid and Psyche by Andrea Semini and Ottavio Semini. The four corners of the ceiling were also decorated with paintings by Aurelio Busso representing allegories of the four seasons. Further frescos as well as bas reliefs decorated the walls, with mythological themes such as the Muses, Bacchus, Apollo and Mercury by Ottavio Semini. The reliefs depict the story of Perseus. Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the fourth-most populous city in North America. The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration of 9,765,188 people surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario, while the Greater Toronto Area proper had a 2021 population of 6,712,341. Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, sports and culture, and is one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world. Indigenous peoples have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area, located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers, deep ravines, and urban forest, for more than 10,000 years. After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase, when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown, the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops. York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto. It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation. The city proper has since expanded past its original limits through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 . The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. About half of its residents were born outside of Canada and over 200 ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, over 160 languages are spoken in the city. The mayor of Toronto is elected by direct popular vote to serve as the chief executive of the city. The Toronto City Council is a unicameral legislative body, comprising 25 councillors since the 2018 municipal election, representing geographical wards throughout the city. Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canada's major national broadcast networks and media outlets . Its varied cultural institutions, which include numerous museums and galleries, festivals and public events, entertainment districts, national historic sites, and sports activities, attract over 43 million tourists each year. Toronto is known for its many skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure on land outside of Asia, the CN Tower. Sao Paulo is the most populous city in Brazil and the capital of the state of Sao Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as an alpha global city, Sao Paulo is the most populous city outside of Asia and the world's 20th-largest city proper by population. Additionally, Sao Paulo is the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world. It exerts strong international influences in commerce, finance, arts, and entertainment. The city's name honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus. The city's metropolitan area, the Greater Sao Paulo, ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th-most-populous on Earth. The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas around the Greater Sao Paulo created the Sao Paulo Macrometropolis, a megalopolis with more than 30 million inhabitants, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. Having the largest economy by GDP in Latin America, the city is home to the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange. Paulista Avenue is the economic core of Sao Paulo. The city has the 23rd largest GDP in the world, representing 10.7% of all Brazilian GDP and 36% of the production of goods and services in the state of Sao Paulo, being home to 63% of established multinationals in Brazil, and was responsible for 28% of the national scientific production in 2005, as measured by the number of science papers published in journals. The metropolis is also home to several of the tallest skyscrapers in Brazil, including the Mirante do Vale, Edificio Italia, Banespa, North Tower and many others. The city has cultural, economic and political influence nationally and internationally. It is home to monuments, parks and museums such as the Latin American Memorial, the Ibirapuera Park, UNASP Sao Paulo Memory Center, Museum of Ipiranga, Sao Paulo Museum of Art, and the Museum of the Portuguese Language. Its main university, the University of Sao Paulo, is considered the best in Brazil and Latin America. The city holds events like the Sao Paulo Jazz Festival, Sao Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazilian Grand Prix, Sao Paulo Fashion Week, the ATP Brasil Open, the Brasil Game Show and the Comic Con Experience. Sao Paulo's LGBT Pride parade ranks second only to the New York City Pride March as the largest LGBT pride parade in the world. Sao Paulo is a cosmopolitan, melting pot city, home to the largest Arab, Italian, and Japanese diasporas, with examples including ethnic neighborhoods of Bixiga, Bom Retiro, and Liberdade. In 2016, inhabitants of the city were native to over 200 countries. People from the city are known as paulistanos, while paulistas designates anyone from the state, including the paulistanos. The city's Latin motto, which it has shared with the battleship and the aircraft carrier named after it, is Non ducor, duco, which translates as "I am not led, I lead." The city, which is also colloquially known as Sampa, Selva de Pedra or Terra da Garoa , is known for its unreliable weather, the size of its helicopter fleet, its architecture, gastronomy, severe traffic congestion and skyscrapers. Sao Paulo was one of the host cities of the 1950 and the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, the city hosted the IV Pan American Games, Miss Universe 2011, and the Sao Paulo Indy 300. Lyon , traditionally spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhone and Saone, to the northwest of the French Alps, 391 km southeast of Paris, 278 km north of Marseille, 113 km southwest of Geneva, 58 km northeast of Saint-Etienne. The City of Lyon had a population of 522,000 in 2023 within its small municipal territory of 48 km2 , but together with its suburbs and exurbs the Lyon metropolitan area had a population of 2,293,180 that same year, the second most populated in France. Lyon and 58 suburban municipalities have formed since 2015 the Metropolis of Lyon, a directly elected metropolitan authority now in charge of most urban issues, with a population of 1,416,545 in 2020. Lyon is the prefecture of the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region and seat of the Departmental Council of Rhone . The capital of the Gauls during the Roman Empire, Lyon is the seat of an archbishopric whose holder bears the title of Primate of the Gauls. Lyon became a major economic hub during the Renaissance. The city is recognised for its cuisine and gastronomy, as well as historical and architectural landmarks; as such, the districts of Old Lyon, the Fourviere hill, the Presqu'ile and the slopes of the Croix-Rousse are inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Lyon was historically an important area for the production and weaving of silk. Lyon played a significant role in the history of cinema since Auguste and Louis Lumiere invented the cinematograph there. The city is also known for its light festival, the Fete des Lumieres, which begins every 8 December and lasts for four days, earning Lyon the title of "Capital of Lights". Economically, Lyon is a major centre for banking, chemical, pharmaceutical and biotech industries. The city contains a significant software industry with a particular focus on video games; in recent years it has fostered a growing local start-up sector. The home of renowned universities and higher education schools, Lyon is the second-largest student city in France, with a university population of nearly 200,000 students within the Metropolis of Lyon. Lyon hosts the international headquarters of Interpol, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, as well as Euronews. According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute, Lyon is considered a Beta city, as of 2018. It ranked second in France and 40th globally in Mercer's 2019 liveability rankings. The current office holder is Giuseppe Sala, a centre-left independent who has been in charge since 2016 leading a progressive alliance composed by the Democratic Party, Green Europe and some civic lists. The last election took place in 2021. According to the Italian Constitution, the mayor of Milan is a member of the Milan's City Council. The mayor and the other 48 city councillors are elected by the Italian and EU citizens residing in Milan. Concurrently, albeit with a different ballot paper, nine presidents and 270 councillors are chosen for the nine assemblies of the nine municipalities, often referred to as zones, in which the city is divided, each one having one president and 30 councillors. All the offices are elected for five-year terms. After the election, the mayor can appoint one vice mayor and up to 16 assessors; together they form the municipal government and they implement the municipal policies, which are determined and controlled by the City Council. The City Council has also the power to dismiss the mayor or any of the assessors with a motion of no confidence. Similar procedures take place at the municipality level, where the mayor is called the president of the municipality and there are three assessors. Since 1993, Italian mayors of municipalities of more than 15,000 inhabitants have been directly elected by their respective electorates. Voters can express their choice for the mayor and for a list of municipal councillors not necessarily supporting the same mayor-candidate . If no mayor-candidate receives a majority of votes, a run-off election is held two weeks later among the top two candidates. In the list choice, each voter can express one or two preferences for councillor candidates; in the case of two preferences, their gender must be different. The party and civic lists supporting the elected mayor are granted a majority of the City Council seats, divided proportionally to each list result, by means of a majority bonus; the remaining seats are then assigned proportionally to the opposition lists. The Milan metropolitan area, also known as Grande Milano , is the largest metropolitan area in Italy and the 54th largest in the world. It is the largest transnational metropolitan area in the EU. The metropolitan area described in this article is strictly statistical and, contrary to the administrative Metropolitan City of Milan, a provincial-level municipality, does not imply any kind of administrative unity or function. Given the absence of an official statistical definition for the metropolitan area of Milan, tracing precise boundaries is a somewhat slippery issue. However, during the last decade, a number of studies have been carried out on the subject by some authoritative institutions and scholars, notably the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and numerous Italian sources that build a definition based on commuting fluxes and on the concentration of commercial, leisure and public utility services. A broad consensus exists upon a definition that includes the central Lombard provinces of Milan, Bergamo, Como, Lecco, Lodi, Monza and Brianza, Pavia, Varese and the Piedmontese Province of Novara, while some scholars include also the Province of Cremona and Brescia in Lombardy, the Piemontese Province of Alessandria and the Emilian Province of Piacenza. The overall population under the narrowest definition is about 9 million over an area of about 13,000 km2 . Sofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the western part of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. It has a humid continental climate. Being in the centre of the Balkans, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea and closest to the Aegean Sea. Known as Serdica in antiquity and Sredets in the Middle Ages, Sofia has been an area of human habitation since at least 7000 BC. The recorded history of the city begins with the attestation of the conquest of Serdica by the Roman Republic in 29 BC from the Celtic tribe Serdi. During the decline of the Roman Empire, the city was raided by Huns, Visigoths, Avars and Slavs. In 809, Serdica was incorporated into the Bulgarian Empire by Khan Krum and became known as Sredets. In 1018, the Byzantines ended Bulgarian rule until 1194, when it was reincorporated by the reborn Bulgarian Empire. Sredets became a major administrative, economic, cultural and literary hub until its conquest by the Ottomans in 1382. From 1530 to 1836, Sofia was the regional capital of Rumelia Eyalet, the Ottoman Empire's key province in Europe. Bulgarian rule was restored in 1878. Sofia was selected as the capital of the Third Bulgarian State in the next year, ushering a period of intense demographic and economic growth. Sofia is the 14th-largest city in the European Union. It is surrounded by mountainsides, such as Vitosha by the southern side, Lyulin by the western side, and the Balkan Mountains by the north, which makes it the third highest European capital after Andorra la Vella and Madrid. Being Bulgaria's primary city, Sofia is home of many of the major local universities, cultural institutions and commercial companies. The city has been described as the "triangle of religious tolerance". This is because three temples of three major world religions--Christianity, Islam and Judaism--are situated close together: Sveta Nedelya Church, Banya Bashi Mosque and Sofia Synagogue. This triangle was recently expanded to a "square" and includes the Catholic Cathedral of St Joseph. Sofia has been named one of the top ten best places for startup businesses in the world, especially in information technologies. It was Europe's most affordable capital to visit in 2013. The Boyana Church in Sofia, constructed during the Second Bulgarian Empire and holding much patrimonial symbolism to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, was included onto the World Heritage List in 1979. With its cultural significance in Southeast Europe, Sofia is home to the National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria, the National Palace of Culture, the Vasil Levski National Stadium, the Ivan Vazov National Theatre, the National Archaeological Museum, and the Serdica Amphitheatre. The Museum of Socialist Art includes many sculptures and posters that educate visitors about the lifestyle in communist Bulgaria. C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group is a group of 96 cities around the world that represents one twelfth of the world's population and one quarter of the global economy. Created and led by cities, C40 is focused on fighting the climate crisis and driving urban action that reduces greenhouse gas emissions and climate risks, while increasing the health, wellbeing and economic opportunities of urban residents. From 2021, Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, serves as C40's Chair, former Mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg as Board President, and Mark Watts as Executive Director. All three work closely with the 13-member steering committee, the Board of Directors and professional staff. The rotating steering committee of C40 mayors provides strategic direction and governance. Steering committee members include: London, Freetown, Barcelona, Phoenix, Dhaka North, Tokyo, Buenos Aires, Bogota, Abidjan, Montreal, Milan and Hong Kong. Working across multiple sectors and initiative areas, C40 convenes networks of cities providing a suite of services in support of their efforts, including: direct technical assistance; facilitation of peer-to-peer exchange; and research, knowledge management & communications. C40 is also positioning cities as a leading force for climate action around the world, defining and amplifying their call to national governments for greater support and autonomy in creating a sustainable future. C40 started in October 2005 when London Mayor Ken Livingstone convened representatives from 18 megacities to forge an agreement on cooperatively reducing climate pollution and created the 'C20'. In 2006, Mayor Livingstone and the Clinton Climate Initiative --led by the efforts of former U.S. President Bill Clinton--combined to strengthen both organizations, bringing the number of cities in the network to 40 and helping to deliver projects and project management for participating cities to further enhance emissions reductions efforts. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Saint Nicholas <p> instance of <o> human <s> Saint Nicholas <p> feast day <o> December 6 <s> Saint Nicholas <p> feast day <o> December 19 <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Greece <s> Saint Nicholas <p> place of birth <o> Patara <s> Saint Nicholas <p> feast day <o> August 11 <s> Saint Nicholas <p> occupation <o> Catholic bishop <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Moscow <s> Saint Nicholas <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Saint Nicholas <p> feast day <o> May 22 <s> Saint Nicholas <p> place of death <o> Myra <s> Saint Nicholas <p> country of citizenship <o> Ancient Rome <s> Saint Nicholas <p> said to be the same as <o> Saint Nicholas <s> Saint Nicholas <p> position held <o> diocesan bishop <s> Saint Nicholas <p> religion or worldview <o> Early Christianity <s> Saint Nicholas <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Ancient Greek <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Amsterdam <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Russia <s> Saint Nicholas <p> time period <o> Roman Empire <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> child <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Liverpool <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Aberdeen <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> pharmacist <s> Saint Nicholas <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Saint Nicholas <p> canonization status <o> thaumaturge <s> Saint Nicholas <p> described by source <o> Golden Legend <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Galway <s> Saint Nicholas <p> religion or worldview <o> Nicene Christianity <s> Saint Nicholas <p> canonization status <o> prelate <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> merchant <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> pawnbroker <s> Saint Nicholas <p> said to be the same as <o> Sinterklaas <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> cooper <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> sailor <s> Saint Nicholas <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Duchy of Lorraine <s> Saint Nicholas <p> occupation <o> presbyter <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Bari <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> repentant thief <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> broadcaster <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> falsely accused <s> Saint Nicholas <p> described by source <o> New Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Saint Nicholas <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Saint Nicholas <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Saint Nicholas <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> fisher <s> Saint Nicholas <p> different from <o> Nicholas of Myra <s> Saint Nicholas <p> place of burial <o> Basilica di San Nicola <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Lorraine <s> Saint Nicholas <p> described by source <o> Encyclopedia Americana <s> Saint Nicholas <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Saint Nicholas <p> given name <o> Nikolaos <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> archer <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> brewer <s> Saint Nicholas <p> described by source <o> Metropolitan Museum of Art Tagging Vocabulary <s> Saint Nicholas <p> depicted by <o> Blessing Bishop (Saint Nicholas of Bari) <s> Saint Nicholas <p> described by source <o> St. Nicholas <s> Saint Nicholas <p> described by source <o> The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints <s> Saint Nicholas <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Siggiewi <s> Saint Nicholas <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Hellenic Navy <s> Colonna <p> country <o> Italy <s> Colonna <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Rome <s> Colonna <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Colonna <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Colonna <p> location <o> Municipio I <s> Colonna <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Rome R. III Colonna <s> Colonna <p> location <o> Municipio I <s> Colonna <p> shares border with <o> Sant'Eustachio <s> Colonna <p> shares border with <o> Ludovisi <s> Colonna <p> instance of <o> rione of Rome <s> Colonna <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Roma Capitale <s> Colonna <p> territory overlaps <o> Centro Storico <s> Colonna <p> territory overlaps <o> XX Settembre <s> Colonna <p> shares border with <o> Trevi <s> Colonna <p> shares border with <o> Pigna <s> Colonna <p> shares border with <o> Campo Marzio <s> San Cesareo <p> country <o> Italy <s> San Cesareo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> San Cesareo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> San Cesareo <p> capital <o> San Cesareo <s> San Cesareo <p> patron saint <o> Caesarius of Africa <s> San Cesareo <p> shares border with <o> Palestrina <s> San Cesareo <p> shares border with <o> Monte Compatri <s> San Cesareo <p> shares border with <o> Colonna <s> San Cesareo <p> shares border with <o> Zagarolo <s> San Cesareo <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> San Cesareo <p> shares border with <o> Rocca Priora <s> San Cesareo <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> San Cesareo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> San Cesareo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:San Cesareo <s> Category:Colonna <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Colonna <p> category's main topic <o> Colonna <s> La Planche <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Loire-Atlantique <s> La Planche <p> country <o> France <s> La Planche <p> twinned administrative body <o> Colonna <s> La Planche <p> instance of <o> commune of France <s> La Planche <p> shares border with <o> Montbert <s> La Planche <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> arrondissement of Nantes <s> La Planche <p> shares border with <o> Remouillé <s> La Planche <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> canton of Aigrefeuille-sur-Maine <s> La Planche <p> associated electoral district <o> canton of Clisson <s> La Planche <p> shares border with <o> Vieillevigne <s> La Planche <p> shares border with <o> Montaigu-Vendée <s> La Planche <p> topic's main category <o> Category:La Planche <s> La Planche <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of La Planche <s> La Planche <p> shares border with <o> Aigrefeuille-sur-Maine <s> La Planche <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of La Planche <s> La Planche <p> shares border with <o> Saint-Philbert-de-Bouaine <s> Ciampino <p> country <o> Italy <s> Ciampino <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ciampino <s> Ciampino <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Ciampino <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Ciampino <p> capital of <o> Ciampino <s> Ciampino <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Sacred Heart <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ <s> Sacred Heart <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Sacred Heart <p> instance of <o> title of Jesus <s> Sacred Heart <p> different from <o> Immaculate Heart of Mary <s> Sacred Heart <p> subclass of <o> Catholic devotion <s> Sacred Heart <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> Sacred Heart <p> feast day <o> Feast of the Sacred Heart <s> Category:Ciampino <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Ciampino <p> category's main topic <o> Ciampino <s> Frank Morton McMurry <p> instance of <o> human <s> Frank Morton McMurry <p> country of citizenship <o> United States of America <s> Frank Morton McMurry <p> educated at <o> University of Halle-Wittenberg <s> Frank Morton McMurry <p> given name <o> Frank <s> Frank Morton McMurry <p> educated at <o> University of Jena <s> Frank Morton McMurry <p> occupation <o> writer <s> Frank Morton McMurry <p> educated at <o> University of Michigan <s> Frank Morton McMurry <p> occupation <o> educator <s> Frank Morton McMurry <p> described by source <o> Indiana Authors and Their Books, 1917-1966 <s> Frank Morton McMurry <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Chandler Beach <p> instance of <o> human <s> Chandler Beach <p> country of citizenship <o> United States of America <s> Chandler Beach <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> English <s> Chandler Beach <p> occupation <o> publisher <s> Chandler Beach <p> given name <o> Belden <s> Chandler Beach <p> given name <o> Chandler <s> Chandler Beach <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Chandler Beach <p> family name <o> Beach </Graph>

<Text> :Saint Nicholas of Myra , also known as Nicholas of Bari, was an early Christian bishop of Greek descent from the maritime city of Myra in Asia Minor during the time of the Roman Empire. Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nicholas the Wonderworker. Saint Nicholas is the patron saint of sailors, merchants, archers, repentant thieves, children, brewers, pawnbrokers, toymakers, unmarried people, and students in various cities and countries around Europe. His reputation evolved among the pious, as was common for early Christian saints, and his legendary habit of secret gift-giving gave rise to the traditional model of Santa Claus through Sinterklaas. Little is known about the historical Saint Nicholas. The earliest accounts of his life were written centuries after his death and probably contain legendary elaborations. He is said to have been born in the Greek seaport of Patara, Lycia, in Asia Minor to wealthy Christian parents. In one of the earliest attested and most famous incidents from his life, he is said to have rescued three girls from being forced into prostitution by dropping a sack of gold coins through the window of their house each night for three nights so their father could pay a dowry for each of them. Other early stories tell of him calming a storm at sea, saving three innocent soldiers from wrongful execution, and chopping down a tree possessed by a demon. In his youth, he is said to have made a pilgrimage to Egypt and Syria Palaestina. Shortly after his return, he became Bishop of Myra. He was later cast into prison during the persecution of Diocletian, but was released after the accession of Constantine. An early list makes him an attendee at the First Council of Nicaea in 325, but he is never mentioned in any writings by people who were at the council. Late, unsubstantiated legends claim that he was temporarily defrocked and imprisoned during the council for slapping the heretic Arius. Another famous late legend tells how he resurrected three children, who had been murdered and pickled in brine by a butcher planning to sell them as pork during a famine. Fewer than 200 years after Nicholas's death, the St. Nicholas Church was built in Myra under the orders of Theodosius II over the site of the church where he had served as bishop, and his remains were moved to a sarcophagus in that church. In 1087, while the Greek Christian inhabitants of the region were subjugated by the newly arrived Muslim Seljuk Turks, and soon after the beginning of the East-West schism, a group of merchants from the Italian city of Bari removed the major bones of Nicholas's skeleton from his sarcophagus in the church without authorization and brought them to their hometown, where they are now enshrined in the Basilica di San Nicola. The remaining bone fragments from the sarcophagus were later removed by Venetian sailors and taken to Venice during the First Crusade. The House of Colonna, also known as Sciarrillo or Sciarra, is an Italian noble family, forming part of the papal nobility. It was powerful in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one pope and many other church and political leaders. The family is notable for its bitter feud with the Orsini family over influence in Rome, until it was stopped by papal bull in 1511. In 1571, the heads of both families married nieces of Pope Sixtus V. Thereafter, historians recorded that "no peace had been concluded between the princes of Christendom, in which they had not been included by name". According to tradition, the Colonna family is a branch of the Counts of Tusculum -- by Peter son of Gregory III, called Peter "de Columna" from his property the Columna Castle in Colonna, in the Alban Hills. Further back, they trace their lineage past the Counts of Tusculum via Lombard and Italo-Roman nobles, merchants, and clergy through the Early Middle Ages -- ultimately claiming origins from the Julio-Claudian dynasty and the gens Julia whose origin is lost in the mists of time but which entered the annals for the first time in 489 BC with the consulship of Gaius Julius Iulus. The first cardinal from the family was appointed in 1206, when Giovanni Colonna di Carbognano was made Cardinal Deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano. For many years, Cardinal Giovanni di San Paolo was identified as a member of the Colonna family and therefore its first representative in the College of Cardinals, but modern scholars have established that this was based on false information from the beginning of the 16th century. Giovanni Colonna nephew of Cardinal Giovanni Colonna di Carbognano, made his solemn vows as a Dominican around 1228 and received his theological and philosophical training at the Roman studium of Santa Sabina, the forerunner of the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum. He served as the Provincial of the Roman province of the Dominican Order and led the provincial chapter of 1248 at Anagni. Colonna was appointed as Archbishop of Messina in 1255. San Cesareo is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome. In ancient times, it was on the Via Labicana or Via Latina, 29 kilometres from Rome. Ciampino is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, Italy. It was a frazione of Marino until 1974, when it became a comune; it obtained the city status in 2004 by a presidential decree. It is best known for the local "Giovan Battista Pastine" International Airport, best known as Rome Ciampino, a military airport which also hosts several civil flights, especially from low-cost companies such as Ryanair. The city is named after Giovanni Giustino Ciampini, a religious, scientist and archaeologist who lived here in the 17th century. It grew from 5,000 inhabitants in 1951 to 28,000 in 1971. Today, the city has circa 38,700 inhabitants. A.S.D. Polisportiva Ciampino and Polisportiva Citta di Ciampino were the football clubs of the city. The first team of Citta di Ciampino withdrew from Eccellenza Lazio in 2018, focusing on youth sector. The Most Sacred Heart of Jesus is one of the most widely practised and well-known Catholic devotions, wherein the heart of Jesus Christ is viewed as a symbol of "God's boundless and passionate love for mankind". This devotion to Christ is predominantly used in the Catholic Church, followed by high-church Anglicans, and some Western Rite Orthodox. In the Latin Church, the liturgical Solemnity of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus is celebrated the third Friday after Pentecost. The 12 promises of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus are also popular. The devotion is especially concerned with what the church deems to be the long-suffering love and compassion of the heart of Christ towards humanity. The popularization of this devotion in its modern form is derived from a Roman Catholic nun from France, Margaret Mary Alacoque, who said she learned the devotion from Jesus during a series of apparitions to her between 1673 and 1675, and later, in the 19th century, from the mystical revelations of another Catholic nun in Portugal, Mary of the Divine Heart, a religious sister of the congregation of the Good Shepherd, who requested in the name of Christ that Pope Leo XIII consecrate the entire world to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Predecessors to the modern devotion arose unmistakably in the Middle Ages in various facets of Catholic mysticism, particularly with Gertrude the Great. The Sacred Heart is often depicted in Christian art as a flaming heart shining with divine light, pierced by the lance-wound, encircled by the crown of thorns, surmounted by a cross, and bleeding. Sometimes, the image is shown shining within the bosom of Christ with his wounded hands pointing at the heart. The wounds and crown of thorns allude to the manner of Christ's passion, while the flames represent a furnace of ardent love. Historically, the devotion to the Sacred Heart is an outgrowth of devotion to what is believed to be Christ's sacred humanity. During the first ten centuries of Christianity, there is nothing to indicate that any worship was rendered to the wounded Heart of Jesus. The revival of religious life and the zealous activity of Bernard of Clairvaux and Francis of Assisi in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, together with the enthusiasm of the Crusaders returning from the Holy Land, gave a rise to devotion to the Passion of Jesus Christ and particularly to practices in honour of the Sacred Wounds. McMurry's education and career began with attending Normal schools, eventually graduating from Illinois State Normal University's model school program in Normal,Illinois in 1879. Following his graduation, he attended the University of Michigan from 1881 to 1882. In 1886, McMurry enrolled in universities in Halle and Jena, Germany, with interest in studying educational theories and psychology. McMurry studied the works of Karl Stoy and Willhelm Rein, who were two of the leading German Herbartian educators at the time. This influenced him further to adopt and study the pedagogy of Herbartianism. In 1889, he received his Ph.D. and returned to the United States. In 1891, McMurry returned to Illinois State Normal University and became a professor of pedagogy as well as a training teacher for the university's model school, where he began to incorporate Herbartianism into his educational models and lessons. McMurry participated in the National Herbart Society, as well as the National Education Association, where he and other Herbartianists submitted their educational findings. In 1895, McMurry returned to Germany to further study education and pedagogy. He returned to the United States and was hired at Columbia University where he was appointed professor in 1898. While at the Illinois State University, he introduced the "practice-teaching" method,which is now commonly known as "student teaching" and is found in most teacher training programs across the country. With Ralph Stockman Tarr he published the Tarr and McMurry Common School Geographies , and with his brother Charles, Method of the Recitation . Chandler Belden Beach was an American entrepreneur and encyclopedist. He founded the publishing company C. B. Beach & Company, later renamed F. E. Compton & Co. after his associate Frank Compton took it over, Frank Compton was his associate since 1894, and became the general manager of C. B. Beach & Company in 1905. Compton took over the publishing firm when Beach retired in 1907, and the name of the company later changed to F. E. Compton & Co.. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> reference work <p> subclass of <o> document <s> reference work <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Open Culture / GLAM Glossary <s> reference work <p> instance of <o> literary genre <s> reference work <p> subclass of <o> learning material <s> reference work <p> subclass of <o> tertiary source <s> reference work <p> subclass of <o> written work <s> reference work <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Reference works <s> Joseph <p> feast day <o> March 19 <s> Joseph <p> different from <o> Joseph <s> Joseph <p> incarnation of <o> Joseph <s> Joseph <p> present in work <o> Presentation of Jesus at the Temple <s> Joseph <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Aramaic languages <s> Joseph <p> religion or worldview <o> Judaism <s> Joseph <p> child <o> Jesus <s> Joseph <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Saint Joseph (husband of Mary) <s> Joseph <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Joseph <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Joseph <p> child <o> historical Jesus <s> Joseph <p> spouse <o> Virgin Mary <s> Joseph <p> described by source <o> Metropolitan Museum of Art Tagging Vocabulary <s> Joseph <p> different from <o> St. Joseph <s> Joseph <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Joseph <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Joseph <p> place of birth <o> Nazareth <s> Joseph <p> significant event <o> vision <s> Joseph <p> child <o> James the Just <s> Joseph <p> given name <o> Yosef <s> Joseph <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Joseph <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> Joseph <p> field of work <o> carpentry <s> Joseph <p> child <o> Joseph Barsabbas <s> Joseph <p> occupation <o> carpenter <s> Joseph <p> father <o> Heli <s> Joseph <p> child <o> Jude <s> Joseph <p> occupation <o> artisan <s> Joseph <p> place of death <o> Nazareth <s> Joseph <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Joseph <p> ethnic group <o> Jewish people <s> Joseph <p> child <o> Joses <s> Joseph <p> child <o> Simon, brother of Jesus <s> Joseph <p> instance of <o> human biblical figure <s> Joseph <p> father <o> Jacob <s> Joseph <p> occupation <o> tektōn <s> Joseph <p> occupation <o> laborer <s> Joseph <p> country of citizenship <o> Ancient Rome <s> Joseph <p> part of <o> Holy Family <s> Sant'Angelo Romano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Sant'Angelo Romano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Sant'Angelo Romano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Sant'Angelo Romano <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Sant'Angelo Romano <p> shares border with <o> Palombara Sabina <s> Sant'Angelo Romano <p> shares border with <o> Mentana <s> Sant'Angelo Romano <p> patron saint <o> Michael <s> Sant'Angelo Romano <p> shares border with <o> Fonte Nuova <s> Sant'Angelo Romano <p> capital <o> Sant'Angelo Romano <s> Sant'Angelo Romano <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Sant'Angelo Romano <p> shares border with <o> Guidonia Montecelio <s> Sant'Angelo Romano <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Sant'Angelo Romano <s> Sant'Angelo Romano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Category:Deaths in Fonte Nuova <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Fonte Nuova <p> category combines topics <o> Fonte Nuova <s> Category:Deaths in Fonte Nuova <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Fonte Nuova <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Fonte Nuova <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Fonte Nuova <p> category's main topic <o> Fonte Nuova <s> Cape Canaveral <p> different from <o> Cape Canaveral <s> Cape Canaveral <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Cape Canaveral <p> different from <o> Cape Canaveral Space Force Station <s> Cape Canaveral <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fonte Nuova <s> Cape Canaveral <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vila do Bispo <s> Cape Canaveral <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kloten <s> Cape Canaveral <p> twinned administrative body <o> Guidonia Montecelio <s> Cape Canaveral <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> Cape Canaveral <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Brevard County <s> Albano Laziale <p> country <o> Italy <s> Albano Laziale <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Albano Laziale <s> Albano Laziale <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Albano Laziale <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Albano Laziale <p> capital of <o> Albano Laziale <s> Albano Laziale <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Rocca di Papa <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Rocca di Papa <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Rocca di Papa <s> Rocca di Papa <p> country <o> Italy <s> Rocca di Papa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Rocca di Papa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Rocca di Papa <p> shares border with <o> Velletri <s> Rocca di Papa <p> capital <o> Rocca di Papa <s> Rocca di Papa <p> shares border with <o> Castel Gandolfo <s> Rocca di Papa <p> shares border with <o> Grottaferrata <s> Rocca di Papa <p> shares border with <o> Albano Laziale <s> Rocca di Papa <p> shares border with <o> Lariano <s> Rocca di Papa <p> twinned administrative body <o> Diamante <s> Rocca di Papa <p> shares border with <o> Ariccia <s> Rocca di Papa <p> shares border with <o> Marino <s> Rocca di Papa <p> patron saint <o> Charles Borromeo <s> Rocca di Papa <p> shares border with <o> Artena <s> Rocca di Papa <p> twinned administrative body <o> Landsberg am Lech <s> Rocca di Papa <p> shares border with <o> Nemi <s> Rocca di Papa <p> shares border with <o> Monte Compatri <s> Rocca di Papa <p> shares border with <o> Rocca Priora <s> Rocca di Papa <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Rocca di Papa <p> twinned administrative body <o> Alanís <s> Rocca di Papa <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Rocca di Papa <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Rocca di Papa <s> Pancras of Rome <p> instance of <o> human <s> Pancras of Rome <p> time period <o> Roman Empire <s> Pancras of Rome <p> feast day <o> May 12 <s> Pancras of Rome <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> Pancras of Rome <p> place of death <o> Rome <s> Pancras of Rome <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Pancras of Rome <p> place of birth <o> Phrygia <s> Pancras of Rome <p> cause of death <o> decapitation <s> Pancras of Rome <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Pancras of Rome <p> country of citizenship <o> Ancient Rome <s> Pancras of Rome <p> subject has role <o> Christian martyr <s> Pancras of Rome <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Pancras of Rome <p> subject has role <o> martyr <s> Pancras of Rome <p> part of <o> Nereus, Achilleus, Domitilla, and Pancras <s> Pancras of Rome <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Saint Pancratius <s> Category:Albano Laziale <p> category's main topic <o> Albano Laziale <s> Category:Albano Laziale <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category </Graph>

<Text> :A reference work is a non-fiction work, such as a paper, book or periodical , to which one can refer for information. The information is intended to be found quickly when needed. Such works are usually referred to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in these works is informative; the authors avoid use of the first person, and emphasize facts. Indices are a common navigation feature in many types of reference works. Many reference works are put together by a team of contributors whose work is coordinated by one or more editors, rather than by an individual author. Updated editions are usually published as needed, in some cases annually . Reference works include textbooks, almanacs, atlases, bibliographies, biographical sources, catalogs such as library catalogs and art catalogs, concordances, dictionaries, directories such as business directories and telephone directories, discographies, encyclopedias, filmographies, gazetteers, glossaries, handbooks, indices such as bibliographic indices and citation indices, manuals, research guides, thesauruses, and yearbooks. Many reference works are available in electronic form and can be obtained as reference software, CD-ROMs, DVDs, or online through the Internet. Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia, is both the largest and the most-read reference work in history. In contrast to books that are loaned, a reference book or reference-only book in a library is one that may only be used in the library and may not be borrowed from the library. Many such books are reference works , which are, usually, used briefly or photocopied from, and therefore, do not need to be borrowed. Keeping reference books in the library assures that they will always be available for use on demand. Some reference-only books are too valuable to permit borrowers to take them out. Reference-only items may be shelved in a reference collection located separately from circulating items. Some libraries consist entirely, or to a large extent, of books which may not be borrowed. Joseph is a common male given name, derived from the Hebrew Yosef . "Joseph" is used, along with "Josef", mostly in English, French and partially German languages. This spelling is also found as a variant in the languages of the modern-day Nordic countries. In Portuguese and Spanish, the name is "Jose". In Arabic, including in the Quran, the name is spelled ywsf, Yusuf. In Persian, the name is Yousef, and in Turkish it is Yusuf. In Pashto the name is spelled Esaf and in Malayalam it is spelled Ousep . The name has enjoyed significant popularity in its many forms in numerous countries, and Joseph was one of the two names, along with Robert, to have remained in the top 10 boys' names list in the US from 1925 to 1972. It is especially common in contemporary Israel, as either "Yossi" or "Yossef", and in Italy, where the name "Giuseppe" was the most common male name in the 20th century. In the first century CE, Joseph was the second most popular male name for Palestine Jews. In the Book of Genesis Joseph is Jacob's eleventh son and Rachel's first son, and known in the Hebrew Bible as Yossef ben-Yaakov. In the New Testament the most notable two are Joseph, the husband of Mary, the mother of Jesus; and Joseph of Arimathea, a secret disciple of Jesus who supplied the tomb in which Jesus was buried. The Bible offers two explanations for the origins of the name Yosef: first, it is compared to the word asaf from the root /'sp/, 'taken away': "And she conceived, and bore a son; and said, God hath taken away my reproach"; Yosef is then identified with the similar root /ysp/, meaning 'add': "And she called his name Joseph; and said, The LORD shall add to me another son." The Jewish Encyclopedia says that it is a theophoric name referencing the Tetragrammaton, and in fact his name is spelled Jehoseph, with the theophoric first syllable 'Jeho', once in Psalms. The name can also consist of the Hebrew yadah meaning "praise", "fame" and the word asaf. Sant'Angelo Romano is a town and comune in Latium, Italy, administratively part of the Metropolitan City of Rome. It is located north of Guidonia Montecelio, where the closest Trenitalia train station is located. Sights in Sant'Angelo Romano include the Orsini-Cesi castle, which lies on the top of the old town. The castle hosts a prehistorical museum. The main body of the castle is the palace of prince Federico Cesi, the founder of Accademia dei Lincei. Cape Canaveral is a cape in Brevard County, Florida, in the United States, near the center of the state's Atlantic coast. Officially Cape Kennedy from 1963 to 1973, it lies east of Merritt Island, separated from it by the Banana River. It is part of a region known as the Space Coast, and is the site of the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. Since many U.S. spacecraft have been launched from both the station and the Kennedy Space Center on adjacent Merritt Island, the two are sometimes conflated with each other. Other features of the cape include Port Canaveral, one of the busiest cruise ports in the world, and the Cape Canaveral Lighthouse. The city of Cape Canaveral lies just south of the Port Canaveral District. Mosquito Lagoon, the Indian River, Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge and Canaveral National Seashore are also features of this area. During the middle Archaic period, from 5000 BC to 2000 BC, the Mount Taylor period culture region covered northeast Florida, including the area around Cape Canaveral. Late in the Archaic period, from 2000 BC to 500 BC, the Mount Taylor culture was succeeded by the Orange culture, which was among the earliest cultures in North America to produce pottery. The Orange culture was followed by the St. Johns culture, from 500 BC until after European contact. The area around the Indian River was in the Indian River variant of the St. Johns culture, with influences from the Belle Glade culture to the south. During the first Spanish colonial period the area around the Indian River, to the south of Cape Canaveral, was occupied by the Ais people, while the area around the Mosquito Lagoon, to the north of the Cape, was occupied by the Surruque people. The Surruque were allied with the Ais, but it is not clear whether the Surruque spoke a Timucua language, or a language related to the Ais language. Albano Laziale is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, on the Alban Hills, in the Italian region of Lazio. Rome is 25 kilometres distant. It is bounded by other communes of Castel Gandolfo, Rocca di Papa, Ariccia and Ardea. Located in the Castelli Romani area of Lazio. It is sometimes known simply as Albano. Albano is one of the most important municipalities of the Castelli Romani, and a busy commercial centre. It has been also a suburbicarian bishopric since the 5th century, a historic principality of the Savelli family, and from 1699 to 1798 the inalienable possession of the Holy See. It now houses, among other things, the Praetor of the district court of Velletri. The territory of Albano is partially included in the Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani. The territory of Albano Laziale is 23.80 square kilometres and one of the largest of Colli Albani; sixth after Velletri at 112.21 square kilometres , Lanuvio at 43.91 square kilometres , Rocca di Papa at 40.18 square kilometres , Rocca Priora at 28.07 square kilometres and Marino at 26.10 square kilometres . According to the classification given by the Geological Survey of Italy most of the territory is similar to other areas of the Colli Albani, from lands classified as v 2. The main hydrographic feature is Lake Albano, whose full name is actually Lake Albano and Castel Gandolfo. In fact, most coastal lakes are relevant to the town of Castel Gandolfo, while the remainder are in the Albanense territory. The lake basin is run by the Metropolitan City of Rome. Some small streams, often dry, start from the north: Rocca di Papa is a small town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, Italy. It is one of the Castelli Romani about 25 kilometres southeast of Rome on the Alban Hills. It is close to the other communes of Velletri, Rocca Priora, Monte Compatri, Grottaferrata, Albano and Marino. It is the center of the Regional Park known as the "Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani". Documents from 12th century name Rocca di Papa as Castrum Rocce de Papa , because Pope Eugene III lived there. In 1541, Pier Luigi Farnese and French troops destroyed the castle. In 1855, the town proclaimed the "Rocca di Papa Republic" against prince Colonna and the Papal States. In 1889, the "Royal Geodynamic Observatory" was built on the top of Rocca di Papa, near the little Church of the Crucified. Between 1922 and 1935, the scientist Guglielmo Marconi carried out several experiments from this building in radio-transmission, wireless transmission and broadcasting. In 1944, during World War II, Rocca di Papa was bombed, destroying the town centre. 34 people died in that airstrike, and 35 more died in a second one on 25 May. The city was liberated from the Nazi German occupation on 4 June 1944 by the 85th Infantry Division, of the United States Army. Pancras was a Roman citizen who converted to Christianity and was beheaded for his faith at the age of fourteen, around the year 304. His name is Greek and means "the one that holds everything". From an early stage, Pancras was venerated together with Nereus and Achilleus in a shared feast day and Mass formula on 12 May. In 1595, 25 years after Pope Pius V promulgated the Tridentine Missal, Domitilla was also added. Since 1969, Pancras has been venerated separately, still on 12 May. He is, traditionally, the second of the Ice Saints. In the Syriac traditions he is known as Mor Izozoel remembered on 12 May and 12 August. He is the saint of children. Because he was said to have been martyred at the age of fourteen during the persecution under Diocletian, Pancras would have been born around 289, at a place designated as near Synnada, a city of Phrygia Salutaris, to parents of Roman citizenship. His mother Cyriada died during childbirth, while his father Cleonius died when Pancras was eight years old. Pancras was entrusted to his uncle Dionysius' care. They both moved to Rome to live in a villa on the Caelian Hill. They converted to Christianity, and Pancras became a zealous adherent of the religion. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:People from Albano Laziale <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Albano Laziale <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Albano Laziale <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:People from Albano Laziale <p> category combines topics <o> Albano Laziale <s> Category:Maps of Albano Laziale <p> category combines topics <o> Albano Laziale <s> Category:Maps of Albano Laziale <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Category:Maps of Albano Laziale <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> medal for civil merit <p> country <o> Italy <s> medal for civil merit <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Merito civile <s> medal for civil merit <p> subclass of <o> medallion <s> Alytus <p> country <o> Lithuania <s> Alytus <p> located in time zone <o> Eastern European Time <s> Alytus <p> instance of <o> city <s> Alytus <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Alytus <p> capital of <o> Alytus District Municipality <s> Alytus <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Alytus <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rouen <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ełk <s> Alytus <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Alytus <s> Alytus <p> described by source <o> New Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Alytus <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ningbo <s> Alytus <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Berdychiv <s> Alytus <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Alytus <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Opole <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Irpin <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Botkyrka Municipality <s> Alytus <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Alytus <s> Alytus <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Alytus <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Suwałki <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Albano Laziale <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ostrołęka <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cēsis <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rochester <s> Alytus <p> described by source <o> Great dictionary of geographical names <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hiratsuka <s> Alytus <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Alytus <s> Alytus <p> owner of <o> Alytus Stadium <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vélizy-Villacoublay <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mandal <s> Alytus <p> legislative body <o> Alytus city council (2003-2007) <s> Alytus <p> legislative body <o> Alytus city council (2000-2003) <s> Alytus <p> legislative body <o> Alytus city council (2007-2011) <s> Alytus <p> legislative body <o> Alytus city council (2011-2015) <s> Alytus <p> legislative body <o> Alytus city council (1997-2000) <s> Alytus <p> legislative body <o> Alytus city council (1995-1997) <s> Alytus <p> capital of <o> Alytus City Municipality <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Giżycko County <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kremenchuk <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Crawley <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> General San Martín <s> Alytus <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kalvariysky Uyezd <s> Alytus <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Alytus City Municipality <s> Alytus <p> twinned administrative body <o> Amata Municipality <s> Savelli <p> country <o> Italy <s> Savelli <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Savelli <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Savelli <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Crotone <s> Savelli <p> capital <o> Savelli <s> Savelli <p> shares border with <o> Castelsilano <s> Savelli <p> shares border with <o> San Giovanni in Fiore <s> Savelli <p> shares border with <o> Verzino <s> Savelli <p> shares border with <o> Bocchigliero <s> Savelli <p> seismic classification <o> 2 <s> Savelli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Albano Laziale <s> Savelli <p> shares border with <o> Campana <s> Savelli <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Savelli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grant Town <s> Savelli <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Savelli <s> Koszalin <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Koszalin <p> country <o> Poland <s> Koszalin <p> instance of <o> city <s> Koszalin <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Koszalin <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> West Pomeranian Voivodeship <s> Koszalin <p> located in time zone <o> Central European Summer Time <s> Koszalin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fuzhou <s> Koszalin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Trakai <s> Koszalin <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Koszalin <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Koszalin <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Świeszyno <s> Koszalin <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Będzino <s> Koszalin <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Manowo <s> Koszalin <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Sianów <s> Koszalin <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Mielno <s> Koszalin <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Biesiekierz <s> Koszalin <p> instance of <o> Hanseatic city <s> Koszalin <p> instance of <o> city with powiat rights <s> Koszalin <p> capital of <o> Koszalin County <s> Koszalin <p> head of government <o> Piotr Jedliński <s> Koszalin <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Koszalin <s> Koszalin <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Koszalin <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Koszalin <s> Koszalin <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Koszalin <s> Koszalin <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Koszalin <s> Koszalin <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Koszalin <s> Białogard <p> country <o> Poland <s> Białogard <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Białogard <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Białogard <p> twinned administrative body <o> Albano Laziale <s> Białogard <p> twinned administrative body <o> Maardu <s> Białogard <p> twinned administrative body <o> Teterow <s> Białogard <p> twinned administrative body <o> Olen <s> Białogard <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Białogard <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Białogard <p> instance of <o> urban municipality of Poland <s> Białogard <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gnosjö Municipality <s> Białogard <p> twinned administrative body <o> Aknīste <s> Białogard <p> instance of <o> Hanseatic city <s> Białogard <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Białogard County <s> Białogard <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Białogard <s> Białogard <p> instance of <o> second-level administrative division <s> Białogard <p> twinned administrative body <o> Binz <s> Białogard <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Białogard <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Białogard <s> Białogard <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Białogard <s> Ariccia <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Ariccia <p> official language <o> Italian <s> Ariccia <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Ariccia <s> Ariccia <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Ariccia <p> country <o> Italy <s> Ariccia <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Ariccia <p> shares border with <o> Albano Laziale <s> Ariccia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lichtenfels <s> Ariccia <p> shares border with <o> Aprilia <s> Ariccia <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Ariccia <p> shares border with <o> Nemi <s> Ariccia <p> shares border with <o> Ardea <s> Ariccia <p> shares border with <o> Lanuvio <s> Ariccia <p> shares border with <o> Genzano di Roma <s> Ariccia <p> patron saint <o> Saint Apollonia <s> Ariccia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cournon-d'Auvergne <s> Ariccia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Prestwick <s> Ariccia <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Ariccia <p> capital <o> Ariccia <s> Ariccia <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Ariccia <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Ariccia <p> shares border with <o> Rocca di Papa <s> Ariccia <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Ariccia <p> said to be the same as <o> Aricia <s> Ariccia <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ariccia <s> Ariccia <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> 3B <p> country <o> Italy <s> 3B <p> instance of <o> seismic classification <s> Cerveteri <p> country <o> Italy <s> Cerveteri <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Cerveteri <s> Cerveteri <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Cerveteri <p> seismic classification <o> 3B <s> Cerveteri <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Cerveteri <s> Cerveteri <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fürstenfeldbruck <s> Cerveteri <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Cerveteri <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Cerveteri <p> part of <o> Province of Rome <s> Cerveteri <p> shares border with <o> Fiumicino <s> Cerveteri <p> patron saint <o> Michael <s> Cerveteri <p> shares border with <o> Anguillara Sabazia <s> Cerveteri <p> shares border with <o> Ladispoli <s> Cerveteri <p> shares border with <o> Bracciano <s> Cerveteri <p> capital <o> Cerveteri <s> Cerveteri <p> shares border with <o> Santa Marinella <s> Cerveteri <p> shares border with <o> Tolfa <s> Cerveteri <p> twinned administrative body <o> Almuñécar <s> Cerveteri <p> twinned administrative body <o> Livry-Gargan <s> Cerveteri <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Cerveteri <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Cerveteri <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Cerveteri </Graph>

<Text> :Alytus is a city with municipal rights in southern Lithuania. It is the capital of Alytus County. The population as of July 2023 was 52,256. Alytus is the historical centre of the Dzukija region. The city lies on the banks of the Nemunas River. The major roads linking Vilnius, Kaunas, Lazdijai , and Hrodna in Belarus pass through Alytus. Divided onto two separate entities for centuries, it consists of two parts still frequently referred to as Alytus I and Alytus II, the earlier being a smaller town and the latter forming the city centre with parks, microdistricts and industrial areas. The name of the city is believed to be derived from the Lithuanian hydronym Alytupis . Its name in other languages includes Polish: Olita, German: Aliten, Russian: Olita Olita, Belarusian: Alita Alita, Yiddish: Alyt` Alite. The first historical record of Alytus dates back to 1377, when it was mentioned in the Chronicles of Wigand of Marburg under the name of Aliten. According to the chronicle the spot was occupied by a small, wooden fortress guarding the Lithuanian frontier with the Teutonic Order. The fort and the surrounding village gradually grew, despite being frequently a target of raids of both the Lithuanians and the Teutons. The Treaty of Lake Melno left the town on the Teutonic side of the border, but it was retaken soon afterwards. On 15 June 1581 Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland Stefan Batory granted the town the city rights based on the Magdeburg Law. The event is celebrated as the Alytus Day. Koszalin is a city in northwestern Poland, in Western Pomerania. It is located 12 kilometres south of the Baltic Sea coast, and intersected by the river Dzierzecinka. Koszalin is also a county-status city and capital of Koszalin County of West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Human settlement in Koszalin dates back to prehistoric times. Various traces of human settlement of the Funnelbeaker, Globular Amphora and Lusatian cultures and from ancient Roman times and Early Middle Ages were discovered during archaeological excavations. The territory became part of the emerging Polish state under Mieszko I around 967. According to the Medieval Chronicle of Greater Poland Koszalin was one of the Pomeranian cities captured and subjugated by Duke Boleslaw III Wrymouth of Poland in 1107 . Afterwards, in the 12th century the area became part of the Griffin-ruled Duchy of Pomerania, a vassal state of Poland, which separated from Poland after the fragmentation of Poland into smaller duchies, and became a vassal of Denmark in 1185 and a part of the Holy Roman Empire from 1227. In 1214, Bogislaw II, Duke of Pomerania, made a donation of a village known as Koszalice/Cossalitz by Chelmska Hill in Kolobrzeg Land to the Norbertine monastery in Bialoboki near Trzebiatow. New, mostly German, settlers from outside of Pomerania were invited to settle the territory. In 1248, the eastern part of Kolobrzeg Land, including the village, was transferred by Duke Barnim I to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kammin. Bialogard is a historic town in Middle Pomerania, northwestern Poland, with 23,614 inhabitants as of December 2021. The capital of Bialogard County in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is the most important railroad junction of Middle Pomerania, which links Kolobrzeg with Pila and Gdansk with Stargard. According to archaeologists the Bialogard stronghold was built in the fork of the Parseta and Lesnica Rivers as early as the 8th century. In the 10th century it was an important centre of long-range international trade at the crossroads of two important trade routes: a north-south "salt route" from Kolobrzeg to Poznan and Greater Poland, and the west-east Pomeranian route from Szczecin to Gdansk. Pomerania was inhabited by several tribes collectively known as Pomeranians, and Bialogard was probably the centre of one of them. In the 10th century Pomerania was conquered by Polish duke Mieszko I and included within the emerging Polish state. His son, Duke Boleslaw the Brave established a bishopric in nearby Kolobrzeg in 1000, and introduced Christianity. Bialogard is first mentioned in the chronicle of Gallus Anonymous as a rich and populous stronghold in the middle of Pomerania, a famous royal city called white . This city was conquered by Boleslaus III of Poland in 1107. By the invitation of Boleslaw III the Wrymouth and his vassal Wartislaw I of Pomerania, Bishop Otto of Bamberg came with a mission to Pomerania in 1124; Bialogard was one of the places he visited. In the 12th century Bialogard was a seat of a regional governor . Ariccia is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, central Italy, 25 kilometres southeast of Rome. It is in the Alban Hills of the Lazio region and could be considered an extension of Rome's southeastern suburbs. One of the Castelli Romani towns, Ariccia is located in the regional park known as the "Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani". Ariccia is the center of a region that was extremely important in Roman and pre-Roman mythology and religion because of its association with the goddess Diana and the god Virbius. Legend also recalls that it served as a temporary burial place of the Greek hero Orestes. Ariccia was one of the oldest cities of ancient Latium, and as the leader of the Latin League was a serious contender against Rome during the early days of the Roman Republic. In modern times, Ariccia has become famous for its porchetta, pork that is slowly roasted with herbs and wild fennel, and it has been known since historical times for its wine. The comune of Ariccia includes the frazioni of Vallericcia and Fontana di Papa. It is bounded by the communes of Albano Laziale, Castel Gandolfo, Genzano di Roma and Marino Laziale. Ancient legend connects the town's name and Aricia, the wife of Hippolytus , the Roman forest god who lived in the sacred forests near Aricia. According to a vague reference by Caius Julius Solinus, Ariccia was founded by Archilocus Siculus in very ancient times. Cerveteri is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, in the Italian region of Lazio. Known by the ancient Romans as Caere, and previously by the Etruscans as Caisra or Cisra, and as Agylla by the Greeks, its modern name derives from Caere Vetus used in the 13th century to distinguish it from Caere Novum . It is the site of the ancient Etruscan city which was one of the most important Etruscan cities with an area more than 15 times larger than today's town. The best known structures on the site form the Banditaccia Necropolis. Pyrgi was also known for its sanctuary of monumental temples from 510 BC, built by the king of Caere and dedicated to the goddesses Leucothea and Ilithyia, of which several sculptures are exhibited at the Villa Giulia. Little is known of the ancient city, although six temples are known from various sources. Two of them have been excavated, one of Hera, the other in the north of the city. Parts of the city walls are still visible today and excavations opened up a theatre. Three necropolis were found. The contents of the tombs were excavated, often chaotically and illegally; over the last few centuries, they have yielded rich and exquisite objects, including ceramics and jewellery which today grace many of the world's museums. One famous and important work of art is the Sarcophagus of the Spouses. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Bracciano <p> seismic classification <o> 3B <s> Bracciano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Bracciano <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Bracciano <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Bracciano <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Bracciano <s> Bracciano <p> shares border with <o> Oriolo Romano <s> Bracciano <p> shares border with <o> Sutri <s> Bracciano <p> shares border with <o> Bassano Romano <s> Bracciano <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Bracciano <s> Bracciano <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Bracciano <s> Bracciano <p> twinned administrative body <o> Châtenay-Malabry <s> Bracciano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Bracciano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Bracciano <p> patron saint <o> Saint Sebastian <s> Bracciano <p> capital <o> Bracciano <s> Bracciano <p> shares border with <o> Cerveteri <s> Bracciano <p> shares border with <o> Anguillara Sabazia <s> Bracciano <p> shares border with <o> Tolfa <s> Bracciano <p> shares border with <o> Trevignano Romano <s> Bracciano <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hoogeveen <s> Bracciano <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Bracciano <p> shares border with <o> Manziana <s> Bracciano <p> different from <o> Lake Bracciano <s> Bracciano <p> twinned administrative body <o> Neusäß <s> Bracciano <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Bracciano <s> Bracciano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Anguillara Sabazia <p> country <o> Italy <s> Anguillara Sabazia <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Anguillara Sabazia <s> Anguillara Sabazia <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Anguillara Sabazia <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Anguillara Sabazia <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Anguillara Sabazia <p> capital of <o> Anguillara Sabazia <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> instance of <o> human <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> native language <o> Greek <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> time period <o> Roman Empire <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> religion or worldview <o> Catholic Church <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> feast day <o> February 3 <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> place of birth <o> Sivas <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> position held <o> bishop <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> place of death <o> Sivas <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> given name <o> Blasius <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> feast day <o> Blasiusmass <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> described by source <o> Internetowa encyklopedia PWN <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Saint Blaise <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> canonization status <o> hieromartyr <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> manner of death <o> capital punishment <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> occupation <o> anchorite <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> cause of death <o> decapitation <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> occupation <o> physician <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> position held <o> Catholic archbishop <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> part of <o> Fourteen Holy Helpers <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> notable work <o> Blessing of the Throats <s> Blaise of Sebaste <p> occupation <o> priest <s> Blanca <p> capital <o> Blanca <s> Blanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Anguillara Sabazia <s> Blanca <p> country <o> Spain <s> Blanca <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Blanca <s> Blanca <p> shares border with <o> Ricote <s> Blanca <p> shares border with <o> Abarán <s> Blanca <p> patron saint <o> Roch <s> Blanca <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Blanca <s> Blanca <p> shares border with <o> Fortuna <s> Blanca <p> shares border with <o> Molina de Segura <s> Blanca <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Blanca <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Alt Segura <s> Blanca <p> shares border with <o> Ulea <s> Blanca <p> shares border with <o> Ojós <s> Blanca <p> head of government <o> Rafael Laorden Carrasco <s> Category:Anguillara Sabazia <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Anguillara Sabazia <p> category's main topic <o> Anguillara Sabazia <s> sea <p> described by source <o> Gujin Tushu Jicheng <s> sea <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> sea <p> subclass of <o> water area <s> sea <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have <s> sea <p> has list <o> list of seas <s> sea <p> has part(s) <o> seawater <s> sea <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Seas <s> sea <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> sea <p> subclass of <o> marine water body <s> sea <p> subclass of <o> saline water body <s> sea <p> has part(s) <o> land <s> sea <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> sea <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> sea <p> described by source <o> The Domestic Encyclopædia; Or, A Dictionary Of Facts, And Useful Knowledge <s> sea <p> described by source <o> Metropolitan Museum of Art Tagging Vocabulary <s> sea <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> sea <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:People who died at sea <s> sea <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Seas <s> sea <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Infobox sea <s> sea <p> category for the view from the item <o> Category:Views from sea <s> sea <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of seas <s> Corsica <p> language used <o> French <s> Corsica <p> country <o> France <s> Corsica <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Corsica <p> different from <o> Corse <s> Corsica <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Corse <s> Corsica <p> history of topic <o> history of Corsica <s> Corsica <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Corsica <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Corsica <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Haute-Corse <s> Corsica <p> language used <o> Corsican <s> Corsica <p> instance of <o> territorial collectivity of France with special status <s> Corsica <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Corsica <s> Corsica <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Corsica <p> highest point <o> Monte Cinto <s> Corsica <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Corsica <s> Corsica <p> instance of <o> region of France <s> Corsica <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Corsica <s> Corsica <p> has part(s) <o> Île de Pinarellu <s> Corsica <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Corse-du-Sud <s> Corsica <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Corsica <s> Corsica <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Corsica <s> Corsica <p> has part(s) <o> Corsica <s> Corsica <p> geography of topic <o> geography of Corsica <s> Corsica <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Corsica <p> official language <o> Corsican <s> Corsica <p> flag <o> flag and coat of arms of Corsica <s> Corsica <p> legislative body <o> Assembly of Corsica <s> Corsica <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Corsica <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Corsica <s> Corsica <p> executive body <o> Executive Council of Corsica <s> Corsica <p> instance of <o> cultural region <s> Corsica <p> head of government <o> Gilles Simeoni <s> Corsica <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Mediterranean Sea <s> Corsica <p> capital <o> Ajaccio <s> Corsica <p> has part(s) <o> Spano Island <s> Corsica <p> has part(s) <o> îlots des Moines <s> Corsica <p> foods traditionally associated <o> cuisine of Corsica <s> Corsica <p> has part(s) <o> Giraglia <s> Corsica <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Corsica <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan France <s> Corsica <p> has part(s) <o> île de la Pietra <s> Corsica <p> has part(s) <o> île d'Eccica <s> Corsica <p> has part(s) <o> îlot de Capense <s> Corsica <p> has part(s) <o> île de Gargalo <s> Corsica <p> has part(s) <o> îles Cerbicale <s> Corsica <p> has part(s) <o> îlots de Mursetta <s> Corsica <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 5 <s> Corsica <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Corsica <p> has part(s) <o> Lavezzi Islands <s> Corsica <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Corsica <s> Corsica <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Corsica <p> patron saint <o> Devota <s> Corsica <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Corsica <s> Corsica <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Corsica <s> Corsica <p> open data portal <o> opendata.corsica <s> Tavignano <p> country <o> France <s> Tavignano <p> drainage basin <o> Tavignano basin <s> Tavignano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Haute-Corse <s> Tavignano <p> instance of <o> river <s> Tavignano <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Tavignano <p> tributary <o> Tagnone <s> Tavignano <p> tributary <o> Corsiglièse <s> Tavignano <p> tributary <o> Vecchio <s> Tavignano <p> tributary <o> Restonica <s> Tavignano <p> lake on watercourse <o> Lac de Nino <s> Garigliano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Garigliano <p> instance of <o> river <s> Garigliano <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Garigliano <p> tributary <o> Gari <s> Garigliano <p> tributary <o> Liri <s> Garigliano <p> tributary <o> Sacco <s> Garigliano <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Garigliano <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Volturno <p> country <o> Italy <s> Volturno <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Volturno <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Volturno <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Volturno <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Volturno <p> instance of <o> river <s> Volturno <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Volturno <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Volturno River <s> Volturno <p> origin of the watercourse <o> Apennine Mountains <s> Volturno <p> tributary <o> Titerno <s> Volturno <p> tributary <o> Rivo Tella <s> Volturno <p> tributary <o> Isclero <s> Volturno <p> tributary <o> Calore Irpino <s> Volturno <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea </Graph>

<Text> :Bracciano is a small town in the Italian region of Lazio, 30 kilometres northwest of Rome. The town is famous for its volcanic lake and for a particularly well-preserved medieval castle Castello Orsini-Odescalchi. The lake is widely used for sailing and is popular with tourists; the castle has hosted a number of events, especially weddings of actors and singers. The town is served by an urban railway which connects it with Rome in about 55 minutes. Close to it lie the two medieval towns of Anguillara Sabazia and Trevignano Romano. There is no certain information about the origins of Bracciano, on the Via Cassia overlooking the lake. It probably rose from one of the numerous towers built in the tenth century as a defence against the Saracen attacks, as implied by the ancient name of Castrum Brachiani. In the eleventh century the neighbouring territory was acquired by the Prefetti di Vico family, who turned the tower into a castle. Ferdinand Gregorovius dated the possession of Bracciano by the Orsini to 1234. The area was later acquired by the Roman hospital of Santo Spirito in Sassia and, from 1375, was a Papal possession. In 1419 the Colonna Pope Martin V confirmed the fief of Bracciano in the Orsini family branch of Tagliacozzo. Under this powerful family the city developed into a flourishing town, famous in the whole of Italy for its castle, which was enlarged, starting from 1470, by Napoleone Orsini and his son Virginio. In 1481 it housed Pope Sixtus IV, who had fled from the plague in Rome; the Sala Papalina in one of the corner towers commemorates the event. Four years later, however, the city and the castle were ravaged by Papal troops under Prospero Colonna, and subsequently a new line of walls was built. Anguillara Sabazia is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, central Italy, around 30 kilometres northwest of Rome. It nestles on a small cape on the coast of Lake Bracciano; its medieval center and its beach make it a popular destination for tourists. About 3 kilometres east of the town lies the small, volcanic Lake Martignano, also popular with tourists. The two lakes and the surrounding area have been declared a Regional Park and are under a strict naturalistic control. It was located along the Via Clodia and was built at the end of the 2nd century AD, probably on an earlier villa rustica of the 1st century. The complex was a luxury retreat, possibly the residential part of a latifundium. There is evidence for continuing activity till the 3d or early 4th century. The remains of the three-story building in cement with brick cladding are still preserved to about 18 m in height. There are arched openings towards the outside framed by pillars of yellow and red bricks. Inside the building has a central courtyard with pillars and three floors with cross vaults which have now disappeared. It was lavishly decorated with 19 types of marble. The covered side corridors retain traces of marble cladding on the walls. Blaise of Sebaste was a physician and bishop of Sebastea in historical Lesser Armenia who is venerated as a Christian saint and martyr. He is counted as one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers. Blaise is a saint in the Catholic, Western Rite Orthodoxy, Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches and is the patron saint of wool combers and of sufferers from ENT illnesses. In the Latin Church, his feast falls on 3 February. In the Eastern Churches, it is on 11 February. According to the Acta Sanctorum, he was martyred by being beaten, tortured with iron combs, and beheaded. Marco Polo reported on the place where "Messer Saint Blaise obtained the glorious crown of martyrdom", Sebastea. The shrine near the citadel mount was mentioned by William of Rubruck in 1253, although the ruins are no longer visible. It is said from being a healer of bodily ailments, Saint Blaise was to become an expert on souls, then he retired for a time to a cavern where he remained in prayer. As bishop of Sebastea, Blaise instructed people as much by his example as by his words, and his great virtues and his sanctity were attested by many miracles. People were said to flock to him for cures of bodily and spiritual ills. He is said to have healed animals, who came to him on their own for his assistance, and in turn to have been helped by animals. A sea is a large body of salty water. There are particular seas and the sea. The sea commonly refers to the ocean, the wider body of seawater. Particular seas are either marginal seas, second-order sections of the oceanic sea , or certain large, nearly landlocked bodies of water. The salinity of water bodies varies widely, being lower near the surface and the mouths of large rivers and higher in the depths of the ocean; however, the relative proportions of dissolved salts vary little across the oceans. The most abundant solid dissolved in seawater is sodium chloride. The water also contains salts of magnesium, calcium, potassium, and mercury, amongst many other elements, some in minute concentrations. The ocean moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. The surface of water interacts with the atmosphere, exchanging properties such as particles and temperature, as well as currents. Surface currents are the water currents that are produced by the atmosphere's currents and its winds blowing over the surface of the water, producing wind waves, setting up through drag slow but stable circulations of water, as in the case of the ocean sustaining deep-sea ocean currents. Deep-sea currents, known together as the global conveyor belt, carry cold water from near the poles to every ocean and significantly influence Earth's climate. Tides, the generally twice-daily rise and fall of sea levels, are caused by Earth's rotation and the gravitational effects of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, of the Sun. Tides may have a very high range in bays or estuaries. Submarine earthquakes arising from tectonic plate movements under the oceans can lead to destructive tsunamis, as can volcanoes, huge landslides, or the impact of large meteorites. A wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, protists, algae, plants, fungi, and animals, lives in the seas, which offers a wide range of marine habitats and ecosystems, ranging vertically from the sunlit surface and shoreline to the great depths and pressures of the cold, dark abyssal zone, and in latitude from the cold waters under polar ice caps to the warm waters of coral reefs in tropical regions. Many of the major groups of organisms evolved in the sea and life may have started there. Corsica is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France. It is the fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of the French mainland, west of the Italian Peninsula and immediately north of the Italian island of Sardinia, the nearest land mass. A single chain of mountains makes up two-thirds of the island. As of January 2024, it had a population of 355,528. The island is a territorial collectivity of France. The regional capital is Ajaccio. Although the region is divided into two administrative departments, Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud, their respective regional and departmental territorial collectivities were merged on 1 January 2018 to form the single territorial collectivity of Corsica. Corsican autonomy is more far reaching than other regional collectives of France and the Corsican Assembly is permitted to exercise limited executive powers. Corsica's second-largest town is Bastia, the prefecture of Haute-Corse. Corsica was ruled by the Republic of Genoa from 1284 to 1755, when it seceded to become a self-proclaimed, Italian-speaking Republic. In 1768, Genoa officially ceded it to Louis XV of France as part of a pledge for the debts incurred after enlisting French military help in suppressing the Corsican revolt; as a result France annexed the island in 1769. The future Emperor of the French, Napoleon Bonaparte, was a native Corsican, born that same year in Ajaccio: his ancestral home, Maison Bonaparte, is now a visitor attraction and museum. Because of Corsica's historical ties to Tuscany, the island has retained many Italian cultural elements, and many Corsican surnames are rooted in the Italian peninsula. French is the official and most widely spoken language on the island. Corsican, the native tongue and an Italo-Dalmatian language, is recognized as one of France's regional languages. Italian is also widely spoken. The Tavignano is 88.9 km long. In antiquity the river was known as the Rhotanus or Rotanos. It crosses the communes of Aleria, Altiani, Antisanti, Casamaccioli, Corte, Erbajolo, Giuncaggio, Piedicorte-di-Gaggio, Poggio-di-Venaco, Riventosa, Santa-Lucia-di-Mercurio, Santo-Pietro-di-Venaco and Venaco. The Tavignano rises below the 2,007 metres Capu a u Tozzu and flows to the east. It runs through Lac de Nino near its source. Part of the river's upper section flows through the Reserve biologique integrale du Tavignano. It then flows through the town of Corte. From Corte it runs southeast to the Tyrrhenian Sea near Aleria, followed by the T50 road. it enters the sea between the Etang de Diane and the Etang del Sale. Its entire course is in the Haute-Corse departement. Measurements of the river flow were taken at the Antisanti station from 1996 to 2021. The watershed above this station covers 573 square kilometres . Annual precipitation was calculated as 509 millimetres . The average flow of water throughout the year was 9.23 cubic metres per second . It forms at the confluence of the rivers Gari and Liri. Garigliano is actually a deformation of "Gari-Lirano" . In ancient times the whole course of the Liri and Garigliano was known as the Liris. For the most part of its 40 km length, the Garigliano River marks the border between the Italian regions of Lazio and Campania. In medieval times, the river marked the southern border of the Papal States. In the 9th and early 10th centuries, a band of Saracens established themselves on the banks of the river, from where they launched frequent raids on Campania and central Italy. In 915 a coalition of Pope John X, the Byzantines, Franks, Lombards, and Naples defeated the Garigliano Arabs in the Battle of Garigliano. In 1503, Spanish and French forces fought another battle of Garigliano, in which Piero II de' Medici was drowned, thus control of the Medici family passed to Giovanni de' Medici, later Pope Leo X. The bigger French Army was practically destroyed at little cost to the Spanish, with the remnants later surrendering at Gaeta. It rises in the Abruzzese central Apennines of Samnium near Castel San Vincenzo and flows southeast as far as its junction with the Calore Irpino near Caiazzo and runs south as far as Venafro, and then turns southwest, past Capua, to enter the Tyrrhenian Sea in Castel Volturno, northwest of Naples. The river is 175 kilometres long. After a course of some 120 kilometres it receives, about 8 kilometres east of Caiazzo, the Calore River. The united stream now flows west-southwest past Capua, where the Via Appia and Latina joined just to the north of the bridge over it, and so through the Campanian plain, with many windings, into the sea. The direct length of the lower course is about 50 kilometres , so that the whole is slightly longer than that of the Liri-Garigliano, and its basin far larger. The river has always had a considerable military importance, and the colony of Volturnum was founded in 194 BC at its mouth on the south bank by the Romans; it is now about one mile inland. A fort had already been placed there during the Roman siege of Capua to serve, with Puteoli, for the provisioning of the army. Augustus placed a colony of veterans here. The Via Domitiana from Sinuessa to Puteoli crossed the river at this point, and some remains of the bridge are visible. The river was navigable as far as Capua. Following the invasion of southern Italy by revolutionary forces led by Giuseppe Garibaldi in 1860, Francis II of the Two Sicilies fled from Naples and took up a defensive position on the south bank of the Volturno, near S. Maria di Capua Vetere. The Piedmontese troops and those of Garibaldi inflicted on the Neapolitan forces at the battle of the Volturno, on 1 and 2 October, a defeat which led to the fall of Capua. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Petrace <p> country <o> Italy <s> Petrace <p> instance of <o> river <s> Petrace <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Oso <p> country <o> France <s> Oso <p> instance of <o> river <s> Oso <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Lava <p> country <o> France <s> Lava <p> instance of <o> river <s> Lava <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Lava <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Corsica <s> Lagunienu <p> instance of <o> river <s> Lagunienu <p> country <o> France <s> Lagunienu <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Poggiolo <p> country <o> France <s> Poggiolo <p> instance of <o> stream <s> Poggiolo <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Poggiolo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Santa-Maria-di-Lota <s> Poggiolo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> San-Martino-di-Lota <s> Poggiolo <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Cap Corse <s> Luri <p> country <o> France <s> Luri <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Corsica <s> Luri <p> instance of <o> stream <s> Luri <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Pietracorbara <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Pietracorbara <p> country <o> France <s> Pietracorbara <p> instance of <o> stream <s> Buccatoggio <p> country <o> France <s> Buccatoggio <p> instance of <o> river <s> Buccatoggio <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Corsica <s> Buccatoggio <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Cavu <p> country <o> France <s> Cavu <p> instance of <o> river <s> Cavu <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Cavu <p> different from <o> Cavo <s> Chiola <p> instance of <o> river <s> Chiola <p> different from <o> Chiola <s> Chiola <p> country <o> France <s> Chiola <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Corsica <s> Chiola <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Solaro <s> Chiola <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea </Graph>

<Text> :The Petrace is a river in the Calabria region of Italy. It flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea at Gioia Tauro. It was known as the Metaurus in Latin. Its main stream length is over 40 kilometres , and it has a drainage basin of 407 square kilometres . It is formed at the confluence of the rivers Marro and Duverso. Lava is molten or partially molten rock that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet or a moon onto its surface. Lava may be erupted at a volcano or through a fracture in the crust, on land or underwater, usually at temperatures from 800 to 1,200 degC . The volcanic rock resulting from subsequent cooling is also often called lava. A lava flow is an outpouring of lava during an effusive eruption. The viscosity of most lava is about that of ketchup, roughly 10,000 to 100,000 times that of water. Even so, lava can flow great distances before cooling causes it to solidify, because lava exposed to air quickly develops a solid crust that insulates the remaining liquid lava, helping to keep it hot and inviscid enough to continue flowing. The word lava comes from Italian and is probably derived from the Latin word labes, which means a fall or slide. An early use of the word in connection with extrusion of magma from below the surface is found in a short account of the 1737 eruption of Vesuvius, written by Francesco Serao, who described "a flow of fiery lava" as an analogy to the flow of water and mud down the flanks of the volcano after heavy rain. Solidified lava on the Earth's crust is predominantly silicate minerals: mostly feldspars, feldspathoids, olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles, micas and quartz. Rare nonsilicate lavas can be formed by local melting of nonsilicate mineral deposits or by separation of a magma into immiscible silicate and nonsilicate liquid phases. The Lagunienu is 7.27 kilometres long. It flows through the commune of Porto-Vecchio. There are no named tributaries. The stream rises to the northwest of the hamlet of Renajolo and flows in a generally southeast direction past the village of Palavesa to enter the Golfe de Porto-Vecchio between Poretta and Marina di Fiori. There are east-facing beaches on either side of the mouth of the Lagunienu. Pietracorbara is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica. It takes its name from the Pietracorbara stream. The Buccatoggio, or Bucatoggio , is a small coastal river in the department of Haute-Corse, Corsica, France. It rises in the Monte San Petrone massif and flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea on the east of the island. The Buccatoggio is 9.91 kilometres long. It crosses the communes of San-Giovanni-di-Moriani, Santa-Maria-Poggio, San-Nicolao and Santa-Reparata-di-Moriani. It rises in the commune of Santa-Reparata-di-Moriani between the 1,285 metres Monte Olmelli and the 1,049 metres Croce Di Zuccaro. It flows southeast to the village of Santa-Reparata-di-Moriani, then in a generally east direction to the sea, which it enters to the south of Padulella-Moriani-Plage. The river contains several large basins that visitors can swim in. The dramatic Ucelluline Waterfall is located beside the "Corniche Road" which runs along the eastern coastal plain. The Cavu or riviere de Cavu, is a short river in the Corse-du-Sud department of Corsica which discharges into the Tyrrhenian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. In 2014 the Cavu became the first place of re-emerging schistosomiasis in Europe. As of 2016 120 people have become infected after bathing in it. The Cavu originates at an elevation of 950 metres with what the Institut national de l'information geographique et forestiere calls the creek of Sainte-Lucie, and the creek of Finicione north-east of Puntacci in the regional forest of l'Ospedale, above the community of Zonza. It generally runs from West to East. The river discharges into the Tyrrhenian Sea in Zonza, between the beach of Ovu Santu and the hamlet Olmucciu. The Cavu neighbours the Solenzara to the north and the Oso to the south. People who had bathed in the Cavu starting in 2011 or 2013 were found to have acquired bilharziosis, an infection with the parasite Schistosoma. The French government screened exposed people and by March 2015 reported that 110 French residents acquired the urogenital form of schistosomiasis. These were the first autochthonous Schistosoma infections acquired in Europe since 1965. Of 43 exposed Italian tourists, Italian scientists later found two to be infected per ELISA testing. As of 2016 more than 120 local people or tourists were known to have been infected. A French epidemiological study surveyed the Bulinus truncatus snails of the Cavu, which can harbor the parasite, and did not find any infected with the Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis, and S. haematobium-S. bovis hybrids which had been isolated from people with the infection, thus making the environment an unlikely reservoir. The Chiola is 11.63 kilometres long and flows through the commune of Solaro. It rises to the north of the 1,122 metres Punta Mozza and flows east-northeast, and then east, through the Foret Territoriale de Tova. It runs under the T10 coastal highway and enters the sea to the south of the Marine de Solaro resort. The Plage Chiola, a beach, extends south from the mouth of the stream. Its course is south of the Travo and north of the Solenzara. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Fiumorbo <p> country <o> France <s> Fiumorbo <p> instance of <o> river <s> Fiumorbo <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Fiumorbo <p> tributary <o> Varagno <s> Fiumorbo <p> tributary <o> Saltaruccio <s> Oreto River <p> country <o> Italy <s> Oreto River <p> instance of <o> river <s> Oreto River <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Chiosura <p> country <o> France <s> Chiosura <p> instance of <o> river <s> Chiosura <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Corsica <s> Chiosura <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Marangone <p> country <o> Italy <s> Marangone <p> instance of <o> river <s> Marangone <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Ombrone <p> country <o> Italy <s> Ombrone <p> instance of <o> river <s> Ombrone <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tuscany <s> Ombrone <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Ombrone <p> tributary <o> Orcia <s> Ombrone <p> tributary <o> Arbia <s> Ombrone <p> tributary <o> Lanzo River <s> Ombrone <p> tributary <o> Merse <s> Ombrone <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ombrone River <s> Ombrone <p> described by source <o> New Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Ombrone <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Ombrone <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Sarno <p> country <o> Italy <s> Sarno <p> basin country <o> Italy <s> Sarno <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Sarno <p> instance of <o> river <s> Sarno <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Sarno <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Scafati <s> Bruna <p> instance of <o> river <s> Bruna <p> country <o> Italy <s> Bruna <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Lao River, Italy <p> country <o> Italy <s> Lao River, Italy <p> instance of <o> river <s> Lao River, Italy <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> province of Potenza <s> Lao River, Italy <p> origin of the watercourse <o> Pollino <s> Lao River, Italy <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Angitola <p> instance of <o> river <s> Angitola <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Angitola <p> country <o> Italy <s> Bussento <p> country <o> Italy <s> Bussento <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Bussento <s> Bussento <p> instance of <o> river <s> Bussento <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea </Graph>

<Text> :The Fiumorbo is a coastal river in the department of Haute-Corse, Corsica, France. It is dammed in two places to supply irrigation water and hydroelectricity. Between the two dams it runs through the spectacular Defile de l'Inzecca, a Natura 2000 site. The Fiumorbo rises in the commune of Palneca, Corse-du-sud, to the north of the 1,950 metres Monte Giovanni. It forms the border between Palneca and Bastelica as it flows north, then northeast, entering the commune of Ghisoni, Haute-Corse. It continues northeast and north through the Foret de Marmano, then turns east to the hamlet of Sampolo, where it is dammed to form the Reservoir de Sampolo. Below the Barrage de Sampolo it flows east through the Defile de l'Inzecca down to the coastal plain, where it is dammed by the Barrage de Trevadine. In this section it forms the border between Ghisoni and Lugo-di-Nazza. Below the Barrage de Trevadine the river continues east to the commune of Ghisonaccia, then turns south, forming the border between Lugo-di-Nazza and Ghisonaccia, then between Poggio-di-Nazza and Ghisonaccia, and then between Prunelli-di-Fiumorbo and Ghisonaccia. It turns to the southeast, passes between the towns of Ghisonaccia and Migliacciaro, enters the sea to the northeast of the Marais de Canna, a wetland. In the Foret de Marmano the D69 road runs to the west of the river. From Ghisoni down to Ghisonaccia the D344 road runs to the northeast of the river. The Lac de Sampolo, or Reservoir de Sampolo, is formed by the Barrage du Sampolo, which dams the Fiumorbo river below the village of Sampolo. The dam was built between 1987 and 1991 and went into service in 1992. The concrete gravity dam is owned by Electricite de France and is used for hydroelectricity and irrigation. It is 32.5 metres high and 93 metres long, with a crest elevation of 378 metres above sea level. The dam holds 2,000,000 cubic metres of water. It has a surface area of 24.5 hectares and a catchment area of 128 square kilometres . The dam is checked regularly to confirm safety. Variations in the flow of the river downstream of the dams are controlled. The Oreto is a 22-kilometre river in Sicily. Its source is located between Altofonte and Monreale, a few kilometers from Palermo. It gives the name to the Oreto Valley and crosses the south-east portion of the city before flowing into the Tyrrhenian Sea. Called "Wadi al-'Abbas" during the Islamic period, the river has had an important role in the history of Palermo. In the 12th century, in order to cross it, the Ammiratus ammiratorum George of Antioch built the Admiral's Bridge. The Chiosura is 12.16 kilometres long and flows through the commune of Linguizzetta. It rises to the south of the 1,093 metres Pointe de Campana and to the north of the 1,012 metres Pointe de Mufuncello. It flows southeast past the village of Linguizzetta, passes under the T10 coastal highway, then turns north and flows through wet meadows behind the beach before cutting across the beach to the sea. The land around the lower part of the Chiosura, known as the Marais de Giustignana, has been classified as a Zone naturelle d'interet ecologique, faunistique et floristique . It extends along the river on both sides of the T10 coastal highway, and along its Campo Vecchio and Bottari tributaries. The wetland occupies a depression in the coastal plain. It is mostly wooded with black alders 15 to 20 metres high rising among marsh irises, loosestrife, hops, willowherb and sedges. There are a few wet meadows to the east of the coastal road. The Chiosura drains the marsh, then runs for about 500 metres through a reed bed along a degraded sandy lido before entering the sea. The Ombrone's source is at San Gusme, near Castelnuovo Berardenga, on the south-eastern side of the Monti del Chianti. After a twisting route, it receives the waters of the tributaries Arbia, Merse and Orcia before reaching the plain near Istia d'Ombrone. The area of Sarno has been inhabited since the Neolithic, and in pre-historical times housed Oscan and Samnites settlements. Later it was acquired by the Romans, who held it until the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. The first nucleus of the future Sarno grew in the 8th century around a castle founded by the Lombards of Benevento. On May 5, 1998, Sarno and the neighbouring villages of Quindici, Siano and Bracigliano were devastated by a series of landslides. Oone hundred eighty houses were destroyed, 450 were severely damaged, and 161 people died in what was one of the worst catastrophes of its kind in modern Italy. The landslides had been caused by several days of torrential rainfalls but were also blamed on agricultural, residential, industrial overexploitation, and the lack of any substantial environmental programs. The catastrophe prompted the Italian Ministry of the Environment to introduce legislative measures for environmental protection which have come to be known as legge Sarno. The Diocese of Sarno was established circa 1000 AD, presumably as suffragan of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Oristano. In 1534 it lost territory to the Diocese of Nola. The neighbouring bishopric of Cava de' Tirreni was held in personal union with Sarno from 27 June 1818 till 25 September 1972. Sarno has the ruins of a medieval castle, which belonged to Count Francesco Coppola, who took an important part in the conspiracy of the barons against Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1485. Walter III of Brienne is buried in the ancient church of Santa Maria della Foce, rebuilt in 1701. Sarno Cathedral is near the town centre. The Lao is a river in southern Italy. It rises in the Lucanian Apennines in Basilicata and drains into the Tyrrhenian Sea near Scalea in Calabria. The river has a length of 51 km. Its source is near the Serra del Prete mountain in the Pollino massif, at an altitude of 2,181 meters. Here it flows to the west through the Valley of Mercure and passes Viggianello. Later it changes course to southwest and passes Laino Borgo and Papasidero. Near Orsomarso it is joined by the Argentino from the left, its main tributary. It empties in the Tyrrhenian Sea near Scalea. It has a drainage basin of 594 square kilometres . Pliny, Ptolemy and Strabo all describe the river and note that it was the boundary between Lucania and Bruttium in classical antiquity. The archaeological site of the ancient Greek colony Laus is located close to the river's mouth in the frazione Marcellina of the comune Santa Maria del Cedro. The Bussento is a river in southwestern Italy. Originating from Cervati mountain, it flows in the Campanian territory of Cilento, in the Province of Salerno. Its mouth is by the Tyrrhenian Sea, nearby Policastro Bussentino. After its origin in Cervati, it flows south of Sanza, crosses Sant'Eliano, nearby the artificial Lake Sabetta , and Caselle in Pittari. After Caselle, it flows under the Pannello mountain, and emerges in Morigerati, next to its municipal borders with Tortorella. After it, the Bussento marks Morigerati's border with Santa Marina, flows south of Sicili, crosses the municipal borders of Torre Orsaia until its railway station in Calleo and, after, it flows near the localities of Hangar, Santa Lucia and Crocefisso. Its mouth, on the Gulf of Policastro, by the Tyrrhenian Sea, is 700 m west of Policastro Bussentino, near Torre Oliva, and 2.4 km east of Scario. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Crinisus <p> country <o> Italy <s> Crinisus <p> instance of <o> river <s> Crinisus <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Trapani <s> Crinisus <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Crinisus <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Sicily <s> Crinisus <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Sicily <p> described by source <o> Desktop Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Sicily <p> country <o> Italy <s> Sicily <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Sicily <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Sicily <s> Sicily <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Mediterranean Sea <s> Sicily <p> instance of <o> island <s> Sicily <p> highest point <o> Mount Etna <s> Abatesco <p> instance of <o> river <s> Abatesco <p> country <o> France <s> Abatesco <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Alesani <p> country <o> France <s> Alesani <p> instance of <o> river <s> Alesani <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Alesani <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Corsica <s> Ruisseau d'Alistro <p> country <o> France <s> Ruisseau d'Alistro <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Corsica <s> Ruisseau d'Alistro <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Ruisseau d'Alistro <p> instance of <o> stream <s> Category:Tyrrhenian Sea <p> category's main topic <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Category:Tyrrhenian Sea <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Golo <p> country <o> France <s> Golo <p> instance of <o> river <s> Golo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Corsica <s> Golo <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Golo <p> drainage basin <o> Golo basin <s> Golo <p> tributary <o> Erco <s> Golo <p> origin of the watercourse <o> Albertacce <s> Golo <p> tributary <o> Casaluna <s> Golo <p> tributary <o> Asco <s> Savuto <p> country <o> Italy <s> Savuto <p> instance of <o> river <s> Savuto <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Cosenza <s> Savuto <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Savuto <p> origin of the watercourse <o> La Sila <s> Savuto <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Alento <p> country <o> Italy <s> Alento <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Campania <s> Alento <p> instance of <o> river <s> Alento <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Fiora River <p> country <o> Italy <s> Fiora River <p> instance of <o> river <s> Fiora River <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Fiora River <p> tributary <o> Lente <s> Fiora River <p> origin of the watercourse <o> Mount Amiata </Graph>

<Text> :Crimisus was the god of the Sicilian river Crinisus in Greek and Roman mythology. According to most versions of the myth, Crinisus fathered Acestes with a Trojan woman while in the form of a dog. Acestes then went on to found Segesta, which he named after his mother. Segestan coins from 475-390 BCE often depict a dog on one side, and a woman's head on the other, which have traditionally been associated with Crinisus and the eponymous Segesta. Lycophron's Alexandra contains the first known version of this myth. When Troy was under attack from a sea monster, king Laomedon instructed mariners to take the three daughters of Phoenodamas to die of exposure and be devoured by wild beasts. They were taken to Sicily, but survived there, and built a great shrine to Aphrodite in thanks. The River Crimissus, in the likeness of a dog, took one of them as his bride, and had a son with her. Their son became the "settler and founder of three places" , and guided Elymus from Dardanus to western Sicily. He concludes by saying that the people of Aegesta continue to mourn the loss of Troy long after its destruction . Virgil's Aeneid briefly describes Acestes as being "born of a Trojan mother to the river god Crinisus" , and Gaius Julius Hyginus also calls Acestes "son of the river Crinisus" . Servius the Grammarian's commentary on the Aeneid gives the most complete version of the myth. After Neptune and Apollo built the walls of Troy, and were refused their promised reward by king Laomedon, Neptune sent sea monsters to the city, and Apollo decreed that the daughters of the nobility should be attacked by them. Fearing for his daughter Egesta, Hippotes sent her away from Troy in a ship, which was carried to Sicily on winds sent by the River Crimissus. Crimissus turned into a bear or a dog and mated with her, producing Egestus, who founded the Trojan city of Egesta there, named after his mother, which later became known as Segesta. Servius also notes that Virgil used poetic license to change the river god's name from Crimissus to Crinisus, and his son's name from Egestus to Acestes . Sicily is the largest and most populous island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy. It is one of the five Italian autonomous regions and is officially referred to as Regione Siciliana. The island has 4.8 million inhabitants. Its capital city is Palermo. It is named after the Sicels, who inhabited the eastern part of the island during the Iron Age. Sicily is located in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe; it is separated from Calabria by the Strait of Messina. Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna, the tallest active volcano in Europe, and is one of the most active in the world, currently 3,357 m high. The island has a typical Mediterranean climate. The earliest archaeological record of human activity on the island is from around 14,000 BC. By around 750 BC, Sicily had three Phoenician and a dozen Greek colonies. The region thus became one of the centers of Magna Graecia, with the foundation along its coasts of many Greek city-states . The Sicilian Wars affected the island between 580 and 265 BC and the Punic Wars, between 264 and 146 BC, were fought between Rome and Carthage. The Roman province of Sicilia ended with the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. Sicily was ruled during the Early Middle Ages by the Vandals, the Ostrogoths, the Byzantine Empire, and the Emirate of Sicily. The Norman conquest of southern Italy led to the creation of the County of Sicily in 1071, that was succeeded by Kingdom of Sicily, a state that existed from 1130 until 1816. In 1816, it was unified under the House of Bourbon with the Kingdom of Naples, also officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily, as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The island officially became part of Italy in 1860 following the Expedition of the Thousand, a revolt led by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the unification of Italy, and a plebiscite. Sicily was given special status as an autonomous administrative division on 15 May 1946, 18 days before the 1946 Italian institutional referendum. To the north-east, it is separated from Calabria and the rest of the Italian mainland by the Strait of Messina, about 3 km wide in the north, and about 16 km wide in the southern part. The northern and southern coasts are each about 280 km long measured as a straight line, while the eastern coast measures around 180 km ; total coast length is estimated at 1,484 km . The total area of the island is 25,711 km2 , while the Autonomous Region of Sicily has an area of 27,708 km2 . The Abatesco originates 200 metres south of the summit of Monte Formicola, which is 1,981 metres high, at an altitude of 1,700 metres in the commune of San-Gavino-di-Fiumorbo. The surface of the Abatesco watershed is estimated as 111 square kilometres by Sandre, and as 89 square kilometres by a study published in the French Bulletin of Fishing and Fish Farming. In the valley, in the places called Abbazia, Agnatello, Calzarello and Catastajo, a whole wood industry was born and prospered, run by the FORTEF company . It extracted 6,000 cubic metres of sawed timber and employed 800 people in 1935, with 4,200 hectares of forests and 1,200 hectares of cultivable land. It fell into disuse in the nineteenth century. In particular, at the height of 69 metres on the Abatesco, a dam was built and hydroelectric plants at the place called Agnatello, supplied the timber industry which also existed at less than a kilometer, at a place called Abbazia at altitudes of 54 to 38 metres . In these same places, Corsican railways built a large railway bridge. By the sea, less than 1 kilometre , and at an altitude of 9 metres the RT 10 passes over the Abatesco. The old Roman road crossed about 500 metres further north-west of this bridge, near the place called Chiarata. The Savuto valley is home to many towns . The Fiora is a river in northern Lazio and southern Tuscany, central Italy, which springs from the southern flank of the Monte Amiata, near Santa Fiora. After crossing the Lazio Maremma, it flows in the north-western part of the province of Viterbo before getting into the Tyrrhenian Sea near Montalto di Castro. One of the remarkable settlements in the Fiora River during the Bronze Age period is Crostoletto di Lamone, a plateau. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Mesima river <p> country <o> Italy <s> Mesima river <p> instance of <o> river <s> Mesima river <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Tuscan Archipelago <p> country <o> Italy <s> Tuscan Archipelago <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tuscan Archipelago <s> Tuscan Archipelago <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Mediterranean Sea <s> Tuscan Archipelago <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Tuscan Archipelago <s> Tuscan Archipelago <p> has part(s) <o> Elba <s> Tuscan Archipelago <p> highest point <o> Mount Capanne <s> Tuscan Archipelago <p> instance of <o> island group <s> Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition <p> language of work or name <o> English <s> Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition <p> instance of <o> publication <s> Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition <p> publisher <o> International Hydrographic Organization <s> Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition <p> instance of <o> scholarly article <s> Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition <p> published in <o> Nature <s> Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition <p> sponsor <o> International Hydrographic Organization <s> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 12 <p> language of work or name <o> Armenian <s> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 12 <p> instance of <o> volume <s> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 12 <p> part of <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia <s> Canale Emissario <p> country <o> Italy <s> Canale Emissario <p> instance of <o> canal <s> Canale Emissario <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Canale Emissario <p> drainage basin <o> Arno basin <s> Tusciano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Tusciano <p> instance of <o> river <s> Tusciano <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Marta <p> country <o> Italy <s> Marta <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Lazio <s> Marta <p> origin of the watercourse <o> lake Bolsena <s> Marta <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Marta <p> instance of <o> river <s> Noce <p> country <o> Italy <s> Noce <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Noce <p> instance of <o> river <s> Noce <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Basilicata <s> Picentino river <p> country <o> Italy <s> Picentino river <p> instance of <o> river <s> Picentino river <p> origin of the watercourse <o> Monte Acellica <s> Picentino river <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Picentino river <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Salerno <s> Flumendosa <p> country <o> Italy <s> Flumendosa <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Sardinia <s> Flumendosa <p> instance of <o> river <s> Flumendosa <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Flumendosa <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea </Graph>

<Text> :Legends says the archipelago originates from a necklace that Venus, the Roman goddess of beauty and sensuality, lost while emerging from the Tyrrhenian sea. In this myth, the seven islands are the seven pearls the goddess was unable to retrieve. The Tuscan Archipelago lies between Corsica and the Tuscan coast and contains seven major islands ; all are protected as part of the Arcipelago Toscano National Park. The Archipelago extends 166 kilometres from the northernmost island to the southernmost and 56 kilometres from the westernmost to the Tuscan coast. The Tuscan Archipelago represents a region of correlation between the Sardinia-Corsica block and the Italian Peninsula; it is formed by seven islands and several islets and skerries which have different geological provenance as magmatic, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The origin of the archipelago dates to the Triassic period according to the type of the rocks. In the Quaternary the archipelago was related to the sea level fluctuations due to the glacial and interglacial periods; in the last glaciation the sea level fell 100 metres , and Elba became a peninsula joined to the continent and to Pianosa. The Wurm glaciation was followed by a warming phase, and the sea rose slowly to reach its current level. The source is between Monte Polveracchio and Monte Cervialto, in the Monti Picentini range of the southern Apennines. It passes through the territories of Acerno and Campagna, where it runs at the foot of Monte Costa Calda, then enters the commune of Olevano sul Tusciano. Having passed the settlements of Ariano and Monticelli it crosses Battipaglia to flow into the Tyrrhenian Sea at Spineta on the Gulf of Salerno. At Presa, a locality of Olevano sul Tusciano, part of the water is diverted to the hydroelectric power station at Ariano. This, the earliest hydropower facility to be built in southern Italy, was planned in 1895 and constructed during the years 1901-1905 for the Societa Meridionale di Elettricita. The Flumendosa's springs are located in the Gennargentu massif, at the foot of the Monte Armidda; it flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea near the towns of Muravera and Villaputzu. It drains a basin of about 1,775 square kilometres . Before the construction of two large dams, it had a discharge of 22 cubic metres per second . </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Mingardo <p> country <o> Italy <s> Mingardo <p> instance of <o> river <s> Mingardo <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Mingardo <p> tributary <o> Serrapotamo <s> Albegna <p> country <o> Italy <s> Albegna <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tuscany <s> Albegna <p> instance of <o> river <s> Albegna <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Bravona <p> country <o> France <s> Bravona <p> instance of <o> river <s> Bravona <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Corsica <s> Bravona <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Grande <p> instance of <o> river <s> Grande <p> country <o> Italy <s> Grande <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Clanio <p> instance of <o> river <s> Clanio <p> country <o> Italy <s> Clanio <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Clanio <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Cornia <p> country <o> Italy <s> Cornia <p> instance of <o> river <s> Cornia <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Sisco <p> country <o> France <s> Sisco <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Corsica <s> Sisco <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Sisco <p> instance of <o> stream <s> Travo <p> country <o> France <s> Travo <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Travo <p> instance of <o> river <s> Travo <p> tributary <o> Ruvoli <s> Marro <p> country <o> Italy <s> Marro <p> instance of <o> river <s> Marro <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Arrone <p> country <o> Italy <s> Arrone <p> instance of <o> river <s> Arrone <p> origin of the watercourse <o> Lake Bracciano <s> Arrone <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea </Graph>

<Text> :The Albegna is a river in southern Tuscany, the sources of which are located in province of Grosseto on the southern side of Monte Buceto, the southwestern part of the volcanic cone of Mount Amiata, along with the northern side of Monte Aquilaia, and the Riserva Poggio all'Olmo. The river goes downstream initially heading south, passing first from the town of Roccalbegna and moving later into the western part of the municipality of Semproniano, downstream to Rocchette di Fazio, and crossing the Bosco dei Rocconi Natural Reserve. Soon after, it enters the town of Manciano and, near the village of Saturnia, it turns right towards the south-west. Once it reaches the town of Marsiliana, it forms the dell'Albegna plain. The Clanio is a river on the Campanian plain, southern Italy, noted in antiquity. It rises in the Apennines near Avella, flows past Acerra and discharges into the Tyrrhenian Sea about 4 miles south of the Volturno. The Greek origins of its name are linked to the abundance of violets on its banks, as cited in Giulianus Maius's treatise De priscorum proprietate verborum V. Clanius: Clanius fluvius Campaniae prope Acerras a khlanis idest viola, qua ejus ripae abundant. The town of Acerrae frequently suffered severely from the ravages of its waters during floods. At other times their stagnation rendered the country unhealthy; hence in the seventeenth century the stream was diverted into a canal or artificial course, called il regio Lagno. This is divided into two streams near its mouth, the one of which flows direct into the sea, and is known as Foce dei Lagni, the other takes a more southerly direction, and joins, or rather forms, a marshy lake called the Lago di Patria , the outlet of which into the sea, about 7 miles miles south of the former branch, called the Foce di Patria. This is evidently the same which was known in ancient times as the river Liternus ternus, and appears to have been then the principal, if not the only outlet of the Clanius, as Strabo, who describes the coast of Campania minutely, does not notice the latter river. Travo is a comune in the Province of Piacenza in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 150 kilometres northwest of Bologna and about 25 kilometres southwest of Piacenza. It is on the left bank of the Trebbia river. The Marro is an Italian river in the province of Reggio Calabria. It is one of the source rivers of the Petrace. Its source is south of Cittanova and north of the Aspromonte. It has two tributaries which flow north from their sources in the Aspromonte into the Marro. The Marro flows northwest and empties into the Petrace south of Gioia Tauro. Arrone is a comune in the Province of Terni in the Italian region Umbria, located about 70 km southeast of Perugia and about 10 km east of Terni in the Valnerina. It is one of I Borghi piu belli d'Italia . The town was founded by one nobleman from Rome, Arrone, in the 9th century, first as wooden castle, which was later rebuilt in stone. The Arroni family was ousted by the commune of Spoleto in the 13th century. In 1799, the town was sacked and set on fire by the French troops. The church of Santa Maria Assunta has canvases by Giuseppe Bastiani, Francesco Cozza, Vincenzo Tamagni, Giovanni di Pietro da Spoleto, and Jacopo Siculo. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Rosmarino <p> country <o> Italy <s> Rosmarino <p> instance of <o> river <s> Rosmarino <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Irno <p> country <o> Italy <s> Irno <p> instance of <o> river <s> Irno <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Salerno <s> Irno <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Stabiacciu <p> country <o> France <s> Stabiacciu <p> instance of <o> river <s> Stabiacciu <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Stabiacciu <p> tributary <o> Bala <s> Chiarone <p> country <o> Italy <s> Chiarone <p> instance of <o> river <s> Chiarone <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tuscany <s> Chiarone <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Fium Alto <p> country <o> France <s> Fium Alto <p> instance of <o> river <s> Fium Alto <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Fium Alto <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Corsica <s> Dragone River <p> country <o> Italy <s> Dragone River <p> instance of <o> river <s> Dragone River <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Campania <s> Dragone River <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Lambro (Campania) <p> country <o> Italy <s> Lambro (Campania) <p> instance of <o> river <s> Lambro (Campania) <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Rio Posada <p> country <o> Italy <s> Rio Posada <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Rio Posada <p> instance of <o> river <s> Rio Posada <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Tyrrhenian Sea basin <p> country <o> Italy <s> Tyrrhenian Sea basin <p> country <o> France <s> Tyrrhenian Sea basin <p> drainage basin <o> Mediterranean Sea drainage basin <s> Tyrrhenian Sea basin <p> named after <o> Tyrrhenian Sea <s> Tyrrhenian Sea basin <p> instance of <o> drainage basin <s> Allia <p> country <o> Italy <s> Allia <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Allia <p> instance of <o> river <s> Allia <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tiber <s> Allia <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Allia <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Allia <p> significant event <o> Battle of the Allia <s> Allia <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Allia <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Allia <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Allia <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft </Graph>

<Text> :The Stabiacciu is a coastal river in the southeast of the department of Corse-du-Sud, Corsica, France. The estuary, which contains an abandoned salt works, is rich in fauna and flora. The Stabiacciu is 17.26 kilometres long. It crosses the communes of Porto-Vecchio and Sotta. The river rises in the commune of Sotta to the east of the village of Chera. It flows in a generally northeast direction past the villages of Sotta and Ceccia, then enters the Golfe de Porto Veccio to the southeast of the city of Porto Vecchio. It spreads out into marshy land near its mouth, bordering the Salines de Porto Vecchio. The mouth of the Stabiacciu, with areas that are regularly flooded, marshes, old salt pans and open water is rich in plant and animal species. The Conservatoire du littoral now manages the estuary to prevent degradation of the natural space, which is used by joggers, ornithologists, amateur fishermen and photographers. There are extensive salt meadows and marshes. The Salines de Porto Vecchio in the northwest are salt marshes that were used to harvest sea salt from 1795 until the 2000s. More than 900 kilograms of white salt was harvested each year, an important product of the city of Porto Vecchio. The salt works have now been abandoned, the wooden walkways are rotting and huts have collapsed. Salt-tolerant plants are growing on the side of the canals and herons and seagulls frequent the waters. In the tenth century a number of mills were established along its banks, their only legacy in the place names of the villages found in this narrow valley. Water is precious in these towns, with many houses sold with 'cisterns' listed as an advantage. In summer the river can be completely dry. Allia is a small river in Lazio, Italy. It is a left tributary of the Tiber with confluence about 18 kilometres from Rome. The Allia's source is located in the mountains near the location of Crustumerium and it flows near Monterotondo towards the Tiber. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:People from Milan <p> category combines topics <o> human <s> Category:People from Milan <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Milan <p> category combines topics <o> Milan <s> Category:People from Milan <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:People from Milan <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> instance of <o> siege <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Mediolanum <s> Siege of Milan <p> part of <o> Roman conquest of Cisalpine Gaul <s> Siege of Milan <p> location <o> Mediolanum <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> location <o> Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> instance of <o> sack <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Mediolanum <s> Siege of Milan <p> instance of <o> siege <s> Siege of Milan <p> significant person <o> Attila <s> siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Mediolanum <s> siege of Milan <p> different from <o> siege of Milan <s> siege of Milan <p> location <o> Milan <s> siege of Milan <p> instance of <o> siege <s> siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> siege of Milan <p> country <o> Italy <s> siege of Milan <p> instance of <o> battle <s> siege of Milan <p> different from <o> siege of Milan <s> siege of Milan <p> instance of <o> siege <s> siege of Milan <p> location <o> Milan <s> siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Mediolanum <s> Siege of Milan <p> location <o> Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> siege of Milan <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> Siege of Mediolanum <s> Siege of Milan <p> instance of <o> siege <s> Siege of Milan <p> different from <o> siege of Milan <s> Municipality of Milan <p> country <o> Italy <s> Municipality of Milan <p> said to be the same as <o> Milan <s> Municipality of Milan <p> operating area <o> Milan <s> Municipality of Milan <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Municipality of Milan <p> instance of <o> organization <s> Municipality of Milan <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Municipality of Milan <p> head of government <o> list of mayors of Milan <s> Municipality of Milan <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> outline of Milan <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia outline article <s> outline of Milan <p> country <o> Italy <s> Category:Milan <p> category's main topic <o> Milan <s> Category:Milan <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Chicago <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Chicago <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−05:00 <s> Chicago <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−06:00 <s> Chicago <p> owner of <o> Chicago <s> Chicago <p> headquarters location <o> Chicago <s> Chicago <p> open data portal <o> Chicago Data Portal <s> Chicago <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Chicago <s> Chicago <p> located in statistical territorial entity <o> Chicago metropolitan area <s> Chicago <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Chicago <s> Chicago <p> different from <o> Denver <s> Chicago <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vilnius <s> Chicago <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Chicago <s> Chicago <p> significant event <o> Great Chicago Fire <s> Chicago <p> owner of <o> Grand <s> Chicago <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Chicago <s> Chicago <p> continent <o> North America <s> Chicago <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Chicago <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Chicago <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Chicago <p> history of topic <o> history of Chicago <s> Chicago <p> official language <o> English <s> Chicago <p> part of <o> Chicago metropolitan area <s> Chicago <p> capital of <o> Cook County <s> Chicago <p> instance of <o> global city <s> Chicago <p> significant event <o> Century of Progress <s> Chicago <p> significant event <o> World's Columbian Exposition <s> Chicago <p> shares border with <o> Skokie <s> Chicago <p> shares border with <o> Blue Island <s> Chicago <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Chicago <s> Chicago <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Chicago <p> geography of topic <o> geography of Chicago <s> Chicago <p> shares border with <o> Oak Park <s> Chicago <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kyiv <s> Chicago <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Chicago <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Chicago <s> Chicago <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Chicago <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Chicago <p> described by source <o> The American Cyclopædia <s> Chicago <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Chicago <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Chicago <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Lake Michigan <s> Chicago <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Chicago <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Chicago by place <s> Chicago <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Chicago <s> Chicago <p> instance of <o> city of Illinois <s> Chicago <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Chicago <s> Chicago <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Chicago <p> shares border with <o> Des Plaines <s> Chicago <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Chicago <s> Chicago <p> head of government <o> Brandon Johnson <s> Chicago <p> owner of <o> Washington/Wabash station <s> Chicago <p> maintained by WikiProject <o> WikiProject Chicago <s> Chicago <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Chicago <s> Chicago <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Cook County <s> Chicago <p> shares border with <o> Park Ridge <s> Chicago <p> shares border with <o> Evanston <s> Chicago <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Chicago <p> founded by <o> Jean Baptiste Point du Sable <s> Chicago <p> follows <o> Fort Dearborn <s> Chicago <p> flag <o> flag of Chicago <s> Chicago <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Chicago River <s> Chicago <p> permanent duplicated item <o> Chicago (duplicate) <s> Chicago <p> legislative body <o> Chicago City Council </Graph>

<Text> :The Siege and capture of Milan was one of the episodes of the Hun wars fought in Italy. It was carried out by Attila and his Huns in 452, it resulted in the victory of the barbarians and the destruction of Milan. Milan, then called Mediolanum, had been the capital of the Western Roman Empire until 402 AD. Attila invaded Italy in 452 to renew his marriage claim to Honoria. Attila launched an invasion of Italy, passing through Pannonia into Venetia, where he laid siege to Aquileia, a fortified city of great strategic importance: its possession made it possible to control a large part of northern Italy. Attila besieged it for three months but in vain. Legend has it that just as he was about to retire, a white stork took off from a tower on the walls and left the city with its baby on its back. The superstitious Attila at that sight ordered his army to stay: shortly after the part of the walls where the tower left by the stork was located collapsed. Attila was thus able to take possession of the city, which he razed to the ground without leaving any trace of its existence. He then proceeded towards Padua, which he sacked completely. Before his arrival, many of the city's inhabitants sought refuge in the lagoon, where they would later found Venice. After the capture of Aquileia, Attila's advance to Milan took place without difficulty as no city attempted resistance but all opened their doors to the invader out of fear. The Siege and capture of Milan was one of the episodes of the Hun wars fought in Italy. It was carried out by Attila and his Huns in 452, it resulted in the victory of the barbarians and the destruction of Milan. Milan, then called Mediolanum, had been the capital of the Western Roman Empire until 402 AD. Attila invaded Italy in 452 to renew his marriage claim to Honoria. Attila launched an invasion of Italy, passing through Pannonia into Venetia, where he laid siege to Aquileia, a fortified city of great strategic importance: its possession made it possible to control a large part of northern Italy. Attila besieged it for three months but in vain. Legend has it that just as he was about to retire, a white stork took off from a tower on the walls and left the city with its baby on its back. The superstitious Attila at that sight ordered his army to stay: shortly after the part of the walls where the tower left by the stork was located collapsed. Attila was thus able to take possession of the city, which he razed to the ground without leaving any trace of its existence. He then proceeded towards Padua, which he sacked completely. Before his arrival, many of the city's inhabitants sought refuge in the lagoon, where they would later found Venice. After the capture of Aquileia, Attila's advance to Milan took place without difficulty as no city attempted resistance but all opened their doors to the invader out of fear. The Siege and capture of Milan was one of the episodes of the Hun wars fought in Italy. It was carried out by Attila and his Huns in 452, it resulted in the victory of the barbarians and the destruction of Milan. Milan, then called Mediolanum, had been the capital of the Western Roman Empire until 402 AD. Attila invaded Italy in 452 to renew his marriage claim to Honoria. Attila launched an invasion of Italy, passing through Pannonia into Venetia, where he laid siege to Aquileia, a fortified city of great strategic importance: its possession made it possible to control a large part of northern Italy. Attila besieged it for three months but in vain. Legend has it that just as he was about to retire, a white stork took off from a tower on the walls and left the city with its baby on its back. The superstitious Attila at that sight ordered his army to stay: shortly after the part of the walls where the tower left by the stork was located collapsed. Attila was thus able to take possession of the city, which he razed to the ground without leaving any trace of its existence. He then proceeded towards Padua, which he sacked completely. Before his arrival, many of the city's inhabitants sought refuge in the lagoon, where they would later found Venice. After the capture of Aquileia, Attila's advance to Milan took place without difficulty as no city attempted resistance but all opened their doors to the invader out of fear. The Siege and capture of Milan was one of the episodes of the Hun wars fought in Italy. It was carried out by Attila and his Huns in 452, it resulted in the victory of the barbarians and the destruction of Milan. Milan, then called Mediolanum, had been the capital of the Western Roman Empire until 402 AD. Attila invaded Italy in 452 to renew his marriage claim to Honoria. Attila launched an invasion of Italy, passing through Pannonia into Venetia, where he laid siege to Aquileia, a fortified city of great strategic importance: its possession made it possible to control a large part of northern Italy. Attila besieged it for three months but in vain. Legend has it that just as he was about to retire, a white stork took off from a tower on the walls and left the city with its baby on its back. The superstitious Attila at that sight ordered his army to stay: shortly after the part of the walls where the tower left by the stork was located collapsed. Attila was thus able to take possession of the city, which he razed to the ground without leaving any trace of its existence. He then proceeded towards Padua, which he sacked completely. Before his arrival, many of the city's inhabitants sought refuge in the lagoon, where they would later found Venice. After the capture of Aquileia, Attila's advance to Milan took place without difficulty as no city attempted resistance but all opened their doors to the invader out of fear. The Siege and capture of Milan was one of the episodes of the Hun wars fought in Italy. It was carried out by Attila and his Huns in 452, it resulted in the victory of the barbarians and the destruction of Milan. Milan, then called Mediolanum, had been the capital of the Western Roman Empire until 402 AD. Attila invaded Italy in 452 to renew his marriage claim to Honoria. Attila launched an invasion of Italy, passing through Pannonia into Venetia, where he laid siege to Aquileia, a fortified city of great strategic importance: its possession made it possible to control a large part of northern Italy. Attila besieged it for three months but in vain. Legend has it that just as he was about to retire, a white stork took off from a tower on the walls and left the city with its baby on its back. The superstitious Attila at that sight ordered his army to stay: shortly after the part of the walls where the tower left by the stork was located collapsed. Attila was thus able to take possession of the city, which he razed to the ground without leaving any trace of its existence. He then proceeded towards Padua, which he sacked completely. Before his arrival, many of the city's inhabitants sought refuge in the lagoon, where they would later found Venice. After the capture of Aquileia, Attila's advance to Milan took place without difficulty as no city attempted resistance but all opened their doors to the invader out of fear. Milan - capital of Lombardy and the second most populous city in Italy after Rome. Milan is considered a leading Alpha Global City, with strengths in the arts, commerce, design, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, services, research, and tourism. The city has long been named a fashion capital of the world and a world's design capital, thanks to several international events and fairs, including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair, which are currently among the world's biggest in terms of revenue, visitors and growth. Milan is the destination of 8 million overseas visitors every year, attracted by its museums and art galleries that boast some of the most important collections in the world, including major works by Leonardo da Vinci. Chicago is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and the third-most populous in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. With a population of 2,746,388 in the 2020 census, it is also the most populous city in the Midwest. As the seat of Cook County, the second-most populous county in the U.S., Chicago is the center of the Chicago metropolitan area. Located on the shore of Lake Michigan, Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. It grew rapidly in the mid-19th century. In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire destroyed several square miles and left more than 100,000 homeless, but Chicago's population continued to grow. Chicago made noted contributions to urban planning and architecture, such as the Chicago School, the development of the City Beautiful Movement, and the steel-framed skyscraper. Chicago is an international hub for finance, culture, commerce, industry, education, technology, telecommunications, and transportation. It has the largest and most diverse derivatives market in the world, generating 20% of all volume in commodities and financial futures alone. O'Hare International Airport is routinely ranked among the world's top six busiest airports by passenger traffic, and the region is also the nation's railroad hub. The Chicago area has one of the highest gross domestic products in the world, generating $689 billion in 2018. Chicago's economy is diverse, with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. Chicago is a major tourist destination. Chicago's culture has contributed much to the visual arts, literature, film, theater, comedy , food, dance, and music . Chicago is home to the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Lyric Opera of Chicago, while the Art Institute of Chicago provides an influential visual arts museum and art school. The Chicago area also hosts the University of Chicago, Northwestern University, and the University of Illinois Chicago, among other institutions of learning. Chicago has professional sports teams in each of the major professional leagues, including two Major League Baseball teams. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Paglia <p> instance of <o> river <s> Paglia <p> country <o> Italy <s> Paglia <p> tributary <o> Val di Chiana <s> Paglia <p> tributary <o> Chiana <s> Paglia <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tiber <s> Tibet <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Tibet <s> Tibet <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Tibet <s> Tibet <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Tibet <s> Tibet <p> country <o> People's Republic of China <s> Tibet <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tibet Autonomous Region <s> Tibet <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tibet <s> Tibet <p> different from <o> Tibet <s> Tibet <p> said to be the same as <o> Tibet Autonomous Region <s> Tibet <p> highest point <o> Mount Everest <s> Tibet <p> different from <o> Tiber <s> Tibet <p> instance of <o> geographic region <s> Tibet <p> located in/on physical feature <o> China <s> Tibet <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Tibet <p> described by source <o> Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon Aller Wissenschafften und Künste <s> Tibet <p> different from <o> Tibet Autonomous Region <s> Tibet <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Tibet <p> said to be the same as <o> Tibetan Plateau <s> Tibet <p> instance of <o> highland <s> Tibet <p> instance of <o> cultural region <s> Tibet <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Tibet <p> geography of topic <o> geography of Tibet <s> Tibet <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tibet <s> Tibet <p> instance of <o> disputed territory <s> Tibet <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Inner Asia <s> Tibet <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Tibet <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Tibet topics <s> Nera <p> country <o> Italy <s> Nera <p> instance of <o> river <s> Nera <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tiber <s> Nera <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Marche <s> Nera <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Nera <p> tributary <o> Velino <s> Chiascio <p> country <o> Italy <s> Chiascio <p> instance of <o> river <s> Chiascio <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tiber <s> Chiascio <p> tributary <o> Topino <s> Chiascio <p> tributary <o> Tescio <s> Chiascio <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> province of Perugia <s> Val di Chiana <p> country <o> Italy <s> Val di Chiana <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Val di Chiana <s> Val di Chiana <p> mountain range <o> Apennine Mountains <s> Val di Chiana <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Arno <s> Val di Chiana <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tiber <s> Val di Chiana <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Paglia <s> Val di Chiana <p> instance of <o> valley <s> Val di Chiana <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Canale Maestro della Chiana <s> Lago di Corbara <p> country <o> Italy <s> Lago di Corbara <p> outflows <o> Tiber <s> Lago di Corbara <p> inflows <o> Tiber <s> Lago di Corbara <p> instance of <o> reservoir <s> Lago di Corbara <p> dam <o> Corbara Dam <s> Almone <p> country <o> Italy <s> Almone <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tiber <s> Almone <p> instance of <o> stream <s> Treja <p> country <o> Italy <s> Treja <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Treja <p> instance of <o> river <s> Treja <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tiber <s> Farfa <p> country <o> Italy <s> Farfa <p> origin of the watercourse <o> Frasso Sabino <s> Farfa <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tiber <s> Farfa <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Fara in Sabina <s> Farfa <p> instance of <o> watercourse <s> Cremera <p> country <o> Italy <s> Cremera <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Lazio <s> Cremera <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tiber <s> Cremera <p> instance of <o> river <s> Cremera <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Cremera <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Cremera <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition </Graph>

<Text> :Tibet is a region in the central part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about 2,500,000 km2 . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as the Monpa, Tamang, Qiang, Sherpa and Lhoba peoples and, since the 20th century, considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui settlers. Since the annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China in 1951, the entire plateau has been under the administration of the People's Republic of China. Tibet is divided administratively into the Tibet Autonomous Region, and parts of the Qinghai and Sichuan provinces. Tibet is also constitutionally claimed by the Republic of China as the Tibet Area since 1912. Tibet is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of 4,380 m . Located in the Himalayas, the highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest, Earth's highest mountain, rising 8,848.86 m above sea level. The Tibetan Empire emerged in the 7th century. At its height in the 9th century, the Tibetan Empire extended far beyond the Tibetan Plateau, from the Tarim Basin and Pamirs in the west, to Yunnan and Bengal in the southeast. It then divided into a variety of territories. The bulk of western and central Tibet was often at least nominally unified under a series of Tibetan governments in Lhasa, Shigatse, or nearby locations. The eastern regions of Kham and Amdo often maintained a more decentralized indigenous political structure, being divided among a number of small principalities and tribal groups, while also often falling under Chinese rule; most of this area was eventually annexed into the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Qinghai. The current borders of Tibet were generally established in the 18th century. Following the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty in 1912, Qing soldiers were disarmed and escorted out of the Tibet Area . The region subsequently declared its independence in 1913, although this was not recognised by the subsequent Chinese Republican government. Later, Lhasa took control of the western part of Xikang. The region maintained its autonomy until 1951 when, following the Battle of Chamdo, Tibet was occupied and annexed by the People's Republic of China. The Tibetan government was abolished after the failure of the 1959 Tibetan uprising. Today, China governs western and central Tibet as the Tibet Autonomous Region while the eastern areas are now mostly autonomous prefectures within Sichuan, Qinghai and other neighbouring provinces. The Tibetan independence movement is principally led by the Tibetan diaspora. Human rights groups have accused the Chinese government of abuses of human rights in Tibet, including torture. The Chiascio is a river of Umbria, central Italy. It is a left tributary of the Tiber. It is 95 km long, and its drainage basin covers 1962 km2. Its largest tributary is the Topino, which covers 60% of its drainage basin. The Val di Chiana, Valdichiana, or Chiana Valley, formerly Clanis Valley, is a tectonic valley of central Italy, whose valley floor consists of important alluvial residues filled up since the 11th century, lying on the territories of the provinces of Arezzo and Siena in Tuscany and the provinces of Perugia and Terni in Umbria. The valley, of tectonic origin with extension on the western side and compression on the eastern one, was mainly formed during the Miocene. In the Pliocene it was almost entirely submerged by the great Pliocene sea. Once it had withdrawn, in the upper Villafranchiano central Italy hosted large lakes, including that of the Chiana basin which was short-lived as it was drained by the erosion of the hilly threshold of its waters, to take the form of a canyon crossed by a river, tributary of the waters of Lake Trasimeno . During the Pleistocene, the Chiana valley was a tributary of the waters of the ancient Lake of Quarata until 150,000 years ago, being along its course the Lake of Montepulciano and the Lake of Chiusi, very deep, whose hydrometric "zero" was located at a lower altitude than the current one. Its valley floor was very hollow in the centre, with a "V" shape due to western tectonic extension, eastern compression and progressive erosion determined by the transit of water towards the south, as evidenced by core samples and geological studies, even recent ones, and was furrowed by the so-called "Arno Tiberino" before that its waters were captured by the current riverbed towards Incisa and Florence. About one hundred and fifty thousand years ago the Arno naturally found a new route following a landslide which caused the natural continuation of its body of water in that direction. The Etruscans probably filed a granite bottleneck along the course of the Arno, near Arezzo, to prevent the floods of the Arno from touching the plain of Arezzo and also the Clanis river whose bed was very hollow and had a slope sufficient to ensure the transport of solid components at the confluence of the Paglia river, to the south, over a distance of 104 km. The Clanis, a tributary of the Tiber, was navigable and through its bed the ancient Italic peoples and the Etruscans reached Rumon and the Tyrrhenian Sea, and vice versa, navigable rivers being the "highways" and the main roads communication in the archaic age. The geological maps show that the alluvial residues, abundantly present in the valley floor, today completely filled and flat, date back to the late Holocene , being very recent. The underground waters of the valley follow the tectonic trend from North to South , while the direction of the surface waters has been modified by man in recent centuries. Human interventions have made the valley floor totally flat, between San Zeno and Parrano , as well as raising the valley floor itself by several metres, making the Chiusi Scalo area the highest in the Val di Chiana with 250 mt s.l.v., with almost "zero" slope of the waters and with very high hydraulic and hydrogeological risks. From a geological point of view, the tectonic Chiana basin or "mother rock" is an inclined plane that starts from Chiani West of Arezzo and reaches the Tiber near Orte , incorporating the area of Trasimeno. The actual Val di Chiana is about 104 kilometres long, and covers about 2,300 square kilometres valley floor. It runs north to south between the plain of Arezzo and the plain of Orvieto and includes the watershed of the Canale Maestro della Chiana, its main watercourse, and the northern part of the watershed of the Chiana River. It is divided into two hydrographic basins: the "Val di Chiana Toscana" and the "Val di Chiana Romana" , being the watershed located in Chiusi Scalo. The main watercourse of the Tuscan Val di Chiana is the Canale Maestro della Chiana, which receives the waters of the Val di Tresa, while the main watercourse of the Roman Val di Chiana is the Chiani . From the Pleistocene to the middle of the 11th century the Clanis river was suitable for boats from Arezzo to the connection with the Tevere river . After the flooding of the Clanis Valley caused by a gigantic dam in 1052-1055, built on the orders of the Holy Roman Emperor and the German Pope Leo IX in the Orvieto area , in 1338 the Republic of Florence ordered the people of Arezzo to build an artificial canal to drain the waters of the large artificial lake towards the Arno, dug into the rock. This canal was initially 400 meters long, but the Republic of Florence ordered its extension, so as to drain ever greater quantities of water, drainage which however was hindered by the milling industry of the powerful Arezzo Monastery of Ss. Flora and Lucilla, which hindered the outflow of water with a 12 meters high dam, placed in the 19 meters deep channel. There is a map drawn by Leonardo da Vinci about this lake . The beauty of the valley and the excellent farming activity was mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia . Goethe a few centuries later wrote about Valdichiana in his Italian Journey: The Almone is a small river of the Ager Romanus, a few miles south of the city of Rome. Today the river is polluted and is channelled to a sewage treatment plant and no longer reaches its natural confluence with the Tiber. The Latin name of the Almone, Almo , is derived from the Latin word almus, meaning "fertile" or "nourishing," which may derive from its connection to Cybele, also known as Magna Mater . In modern times the stream has been called Marrana della Caffarella. Marrana is a term that derives from the name of the ancient ager maranus, the fields that surround the Via Appia, and refers to the drainage channels that flow through the countryside near Rome. "Caffarella" refers to the valley, now a park, that the river runs through. The river has also been known as Acquataccio, a name with two possible derivations. It either refers to the nearby Appian Way, a corruption of Acqua d'Appia , or the suffix -accio is to be taken in its pejorative sense, and it refers to the marshy waters of the Caffarella valley. The Almone originates in the Alban Hills from springs fed by the water of Lake Albano, and runs through the Appian Way Regional Park, fed by the waters of the numerous springs present in the area, including the so-called Acqua Santa of the Fonte Egeria. There, the Via Ostiensis crossed the river with a bridge known as the Travicella. The Cremera is a 36.7-kilometre Italian stream in Lazio which runs past Sacrofano, Formello, and Campagnano di Roma before falling into the Tiber about 10 kilometres north of Rome. It connects to the Tiber just as the Via Flaminia intersects the Grande Raccordo Anulare highway, on the proximity of the Labaro Roma Nord railway station, where there is an ancient Roman bridge. The identification with the Fosso della Valchetta is fixed as correct by the account in Livy ii. 49, which shows that the Saxa Rubra were not far off, and this we know to be the Roman name of the post station of Prima Porta, about 12 kilometres from Rome on the Via Flaminia. It is famous for the defeat of the three hundred Fabii, who had established a fortified post on its banks. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Naia <p> different from <o> Naia <s> Naia <p> country <o> Italy <s> Naia <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tiber <s> Naia <p> instance of <o> watercourse <s> Chiana <p> country <o> Italy <s> Chiana <p> instance of <o> river <s> Chiana <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tuscany <s> Chiana <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Chiana <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Paglia <s> Chiana <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Magliana <p> country <o> Italy <s> Magliana <p> instance of <o> stream <s> Magliana <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tiber <s> Category:Tiber <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Tiber <p> category's main topic <o> Tiber <s> Nestore <p> country <o> Italy <s> Nestore <p> instance of <o> river <s> Nestore <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tiber <s> Nestore <p> tributary <o> Caina <s> Nestore <p> tributary <o> Fersinone <s> Category:Tiber Basin <p> category combines topics <o> Tiber <s> Category:Tiber Basin <p> category combines topics <o> drainage basin <s> Category:Tiber Basin <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> place of death <p> Wikidata property <o> place of death <s> place of death <p> facet of <o> death <s> place of death <p> subclass of <o> location of an event <s> place of death <p> opposite of <o> place of birth <s> place of death <p> facet of <o> geographic location <s> place of death <p> different from <o> location of burial <s> Formello <p> country <o> Italy <s> Formello <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Formello <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Formello <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Formello <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Formello <s> Formello <p> capital of <o> Formello <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> instance of <o> human <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> place of death <o> Rome <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> religion or worldview <o> Catholic Church <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> feast day <o> August 10 <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Latin <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> domain of saint or deity <o> San Lorenzo de El Escorial <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> domain of saint or deity <o> San Lorenzo, Santa Fe <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> domain of saint or deity <o> Huesca <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> country of citizenship <o> Ancient Rome <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> time period <o> High Roman Empire <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> sibling <o> Orientius <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> time period <o> Low Roman Empire <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> depicted by <o> Saint Lawrence <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> cause of death <o> death by burning <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> place of birth <o> Osca <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> iconographic symbol <o> gridiron <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> father <o> Orentius of Huesca <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> mother <o> Patientia of Huesca <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Lawrence of Rome <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> place of burial <o> Basilica of Saint Lawrence Outside the Walls <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> occupation <o> Catholic deacon <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> significant event <o> martyrdom of Saint Lawrence <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> canonization status <o> hieromartyr <s> Lawrence of Rome <p> described by source <o> Metropolitan Museum of Art Tagging Vocabulary <s> Category:Formello <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Formello <p> category's main topic <o> Formello </Graph>

<Text> : The Magliana is an urban zone of Rome, known as 15E of Municipio XI of Rome. It also the name of a neighborhood or ward of the city. Geographically, it is located on the southwest periphery of Rome, Italy along the Tiber River. The neighborhood dates back to the mid-1900s and is home to a diverse group of people of all ages and ethnicities. About 40,000 people reside in Magliana; housing is made up of mostly owner-occupied apartments in 7-8 story apartment buildings. The space is home to a good deal of economic activity that stretches from the main street, Via Della Magliana in the northwest of the neighborhood, to the southeast towards the Tiber River. However, businesses, activity, and buildings taper off as the neighborhood nears the river bank. Finally, between the built neighborhood and the river is a running trail along an area of farmland. In the center of Magliana there are two main areas of congregation: Piazza Fabrizio De Andre and the Mercato Magliana . The Piazza Fabrizio De Andre is consistently filled with people; in the morning the older generation can be seen sitting on the many benches or strolling through. In the afternoon through early evening it is usually filled with more than 60 children playing on the playground equipment. The Mercato Magliana is open in the morning and early afternoon and offers a wide variety of goods at discount prices. Magliana began as an informal settlement taken over by migrants from other parts of Italy. The engineer Michelangelo Bonellie was the owner during the period of illegal settlement. The neighbourhood was not included in the Piano de 1931, the government's first approach to urban planning in Rome. Even though Magliana contained a high concentration of people living in poverty, the government chose to develop EUR instead of Magliana. Co-ordinated construction of houses in the Magliana started in the 1960s. As the population began to grow, the lack of basic necessities became more evident. Homes did not contain running water or sewage systems. In addition, the residents lived in increasingly crowded conditions as the population grew. Eventually, speculators gained control of the area. Abusivismo, or speculators constructing buildings without abiding by building regulations, which led to the construction of buildings located below river level. The buildings violated construction regulations because of the threat of possible flooding. Many apartment complexes remain illegal because of their location and lack of modification to accommodate the natural environment. The government ignored the underprivileged and underdeveloped state of Magliana and its residents, which enraged the community and resulted in the formation of citizens' action committees . The neighbourhood became particularly infamous from the late 1970s onwards for its the high levels of crime, particularly by the presence of the Banda della Magliana, a Roman Mafia-like organization that at one point took control of most of the city's criminal activities, and it was so named by the press because many of its original members hailed from the neighbourhood. A death anniversary is the anniversary of the death of a person. It is the opposite of birthday. It is a custom in several Asian cultures, including Azerbaijan, Armenia, Cambodia, China, Georgia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, India, Myanmar, Iran, Israel, Japan, Bangladesh, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Russia, Sri Lanka and Vietnam, as well as in other places with significant overseas Chinese, Japanese, Jewish, Korean, and Vietnamese populations, to observe the anniversary on which a family member or other significant individual died. There are also similar memorial services that are held at different intervals, such as every week. Although primarily a manifestation of ancestor worship, the tradition has also been associated with Confucianism and Buddhism or Hinduism and Buddhism . In Judaism , such a commemoration is called a yahrtzeit . Celebration of mass in memory of a loved one on or near the anniversary of their death is also a part of Roman Catholic Christian tradition. In China, a death anniversary is called Ji Chen ; jichen or Ji Ri ; jiri. This type of ceremony dates back thousands of years in China and historically involved making sacrifices to the spirits of one's ancestors. Shraadh means to give with devotion or to offer one's respect. Shraadh is a ritual for expressing one's respectful feelings for the ancestors. According to Nepali and Indian texts, a soul has to wander about in the various worlds after death and has to suffer a lot due to past karmas. Shraadh is a means of alleviating this suffering. Formello is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. It is located southwest of the Monti Sabatini, within the Regional Park of Veii. The communal territory sits on large deposits of tuff, which is intensively mined in the area. The area has been settled since prehistoric times. As an Italian comune, it includes some of the archaeological sites associated with the powerful former Etruscan city of Veii, which rivaled Rome for a time, north of the village of Isola Farnese, south of Formello. Settlement in the region declined after Veii's destruction in 396 BC. In this area, about 780 AD, with peaceful conditions reestablished, Pope Adrian I assembled a great estate of which this territory formed part, his Domusculta Capracorum, in contrast with the power of the Abbey of Farfa, but it was destroyed by Saracen attacks in the ninth century. The domus' territories included a fundus Formellum, where a settlement developed that was first mentioned in 1027. In the 11th century it was a possession of the Roman Basilica of San Paolo fuori le Mura, and was probably fortified in the same period. In 1279 it became a fief of the Orsini family, who sold it to the Chigi in 1661. Saint Lawrence or Laurence was one of the seven deacons of the city of Rome under Pope Sixtus II who were martyred in the persecution of the Christians that the Roman Emperor Valerian ordered in 258. Lawrence is thought to have been born on 31 December AD 225, in Huesca , the town from which his parents came in the later region of Aragon that was then part of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis. The martyrs Orentius and Patientia are traditionally held to have been his parents. Lawrence encountered the future Pope Sixtus II, a famous teacher born in Greece, in Caesaraugusta , and they travelled together from Spain to Rome. When Sixtus became the Pope in 257, he ordained the young Lawrence who was only 32, as a deacon, and later appointed him as "archdeacon of Rome", the first among the seven deacons who served in the cathedral church. This was a position of great trust that included the care of the treasury and riches of the Church and the distribution of alms to the indigent. St. Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, noted that at the time the norm was that Christians who were denounced were executed and all their goods confiscated by the Imperial treasury. At the beginning of August 258, the Emperor Valerian issued an edict that all bishops, priests, and deacons should immediately be put to death. Pope Sixtus II was captured on August 6, 258, at the cemetery of St. Callixtus while celebrating the liturgy and was executed immediately. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:Deaths in Formello <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Formello <p> category combines topics <o> Formello <s> Category:Deaths in Formello <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Formello <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> 3A <p> instance of <o> seismic classification <s> 3A <p> country <o> Italy <s> Gallicano nel Lazio <p> country <o> Italy <s> Gallicano nel Lazio <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Gallicano nel Lazio <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Gallicano nel Lazio <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Gallicano nel Lazio <s> Gallicano nel Lazio <p> capital of <o> Gallicano nel Lazio <s> Gallicano nel Lazio <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Category:Gallicano nel Lazio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Gallicano nel Lazio <p> category's main topic <o> Gallicano nel Lazio <s> Category:Deaths in Gallicano nel Lazio <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Gallicano nel Lazio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Gallicano nel Lazio <p> category combines topics <o> Gallicano nel Lazio <s> Category:Deaths in Gallicano nel Lazio <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Plon <p> headquarters location <o> Paris <s> Plon <p> location of formation <o> Paris <s> Plon <p> instance of <o> publisher <s> Plon <p> country <o> France <s> Plon <p> founded by <o> Henri Plon <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> French <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> writing language <o> French <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> place of death <o> Paris <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> country of citizenship <o> France <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> instance of <o> human <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> movement <o> occultism <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> family name <o> Plancy <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> place of birth <o> Plancy-l'Abbaye <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> child <o> Victor Collin de Plancy <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> religion or worldview <o> Catholicism <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> described by source <o> Obalky knih.cz <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> occupation <o> occultist <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> spouse <o> Clotilde Marie Paban <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> family name <o> Collin <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> religious order <o> Society of Jesus <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> copyright status as a creator <o> copyrights on works have expired <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> movement <o> Gothic novel <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> given name <o> Jacques <s> Jacques Collin de Plancy <p> occupation <o> writer <s> Louis Le Breton <p> instance of <o> human <s> Louis Le Breton <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> French <s> Louis Le Breton <p> writing language <o> French <s> Louis Le Breton <p> given name <o> Louis <s> Louis Le Breton <p> place of death <o> Paris <s> Louis Le Breton <p> has works in the collection <o> Australian National Maritime Museum <s> Louis Le Breton <p> country of citizenship <o> France <s> Louis Le Breton <p> place of death <o> Douarnenez <s> Louis Le Breton <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> WikiProject PCC Wikidata Pilot/Frick Art Reference Library <s> Louis Le Breton <p> has works in the collection <o> Print Collection <s> Louis Le Breton <p> student of <o> Ernest Goupil <s> Louis Le Breton <p> place of birth <o> Douarnenez <s> Louis Le Breton <p> copyright status as a creator <o> copyrights on works have expired <s> Louis Le Breton <p> genre <o> marine art <s> Louis Le Breton <p> occupation <o> surgeon <s> Louis Le Breton <p> family name <o> Le Breton <s> Louis Le Breton <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Louis Le Breton <p> occupation <o> watercolorist <s> Louis Le Breton <p> artist files at <o> Frick Art Reference Library <s> Louis Le Breton <p> has works in the collection <o> Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki <s> Louis Le Breton <p> occupation <o> printmaker <s> Louis Le Breton <p> occupation <o> lithographer <s> Louis Le Breton <p> occupation <o> painter <s> Louis Le Breton <p> award received <o> Knight of the Legion of Honour <s> Dictionnaire Infernal <p> country of origin <o> France <s> Dictionnaire Infernal <p> language of work or name <o> French <s> Dictionnaire Infernal <p> main subject <o> magic <s> Dictionnaire Infernal <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Dictionnaire Infernal <p> main subject <o> superstition <s> Dictionnaire Infernal <p> main subject <o> occultism <s> Dictionnaire Infernal <p> main subject <o> demonology <s> Dictionnaire Infernal <p> genre <o> encyclopedic dictionary <s> Dictionnaire Infernal <p> illustrator <o> Louis Le Breton <s> Dictionnaire Infernal <p> instance of <o> literary work <s> Dictionnaire Infernal <p> genre <o> demonological literature <s> Dictionnaire Infernal <p> has edition or translation <o> Infernal Dictionary, 6th ed. <s> Dictionnaire Infernal <p> author <o> Jacques Collin de Plancy <s> religious culture <p> facet of <o> religion <s> religious culture <p> subclass of <o> culture <s> religious culture <p> facet of <o> culture <s> religious culture <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Religious culture </Graph>

<Text> :In Roman times, it was known as Pedum. A castle is mentioned here in 984 AD, called Castrum Gallicani. Here a Benedictine monastery grew in the following year, later owned by the abbey of San Paolo fuori le Mura. Gallicano from the 13th century it was a possession of the Colonna family, and pope Martin V sojourned here in 1424. In 1501 the Borgia conquered it, although it was returned to the Colonna after the death of pope Alexander VI. The castle was destroyed in 1526 and rebuilt four years later. In 1622 the Ludovisi family acquired Gallicano, followed by the Rospigliosi Pallavicini in 1633, who held it until 1839. Plon is the district seat of the Plon district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and has about 8,700 inhabitants. It lies right on the shores of Schleswig-Holstein's biggest lake, the Great Plon Lake, as well as on several smaller lakes, touching the town on virtually all sides. The town's landmark is Plon Castle, a chateau built in the 17th century on a hill overlooking the town. Plon has a grammar school with a 300-year history, and is home to a German Navy non-commissioned officer school and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology. The town, nestled as it is in the hilly, wooded lake district of Holstein Switzerland , also has importance in the tourism industry. In the course of the Migration Period, Slavic tribes entered the region of Plon during the early 7th century following the withdrawal of the original Germanic population. On the large island opposite Plon, which was later called Olsborg, they built a large fortification. They called their settlement Plune, which means "ice-free water". In 1075, Kruto lured Budivoj of the Nakonids into the "castrum plunense" , laid siege to him, and then once Budivoj's men had given themselves up after Kruto's promises to let them withdraw freely, Kruto had them slain. In 1139 the Count of Holstein, Adolf II of Schauenburg, destroyed the fortress, ending the domination of the Slavs in the region of Plon. Twenty years later, Adolf II had the castle on the island rebuilt, but soon had it moved to the present hill of Schlossberg . It was here, under the protection of the castle and close to the major trading route from Lubeck to the north, that a Saxon market town emerged. He was born Jacques Albin Simon Collin on 28 January 1793 in Plancy , the son of Edme-Aubin Collin and Marie-Anne Danton, the sister of Georges-Jacques Danton who was executed the year after Jacques was born. He later added the aristocratic de Plancy himself - an addition which later caused accusations against his son in his career as a diplomat. He was a free-thinker influenced by Voltaire. He worked as a printer and publisher in Plancy-l'Abbaye and Paris. Between 1830 and 1837, he resided in Brussels, and then in the Netherlands, before he returned to France after having converted to the Catholic religion. Collin de Plancy followed the tradition of many previous demonologists of cataloguing demons by name and title of nobility, as it happened with grimoires like Pseudomonarchia Daemonum and The Lesser Key of Solomon. In 1818, his best known work, Dictionnaire Infernal, was published. In 1863, some images were added that made it famous: imaginative drawings concerning the appearance of certain demons. In 1822, it was advertised as: It is considered a major work documenting beings, characters, books, deeds and causes which pertain to the manifestations and magic of trafficking with Hell; divinations, occult sciences, grimoires, marvels, errors, prejudices, traditions, folktales, the various superstitions, and generally all manner of marvellous, surprising, mysterious, and supernatural beliefs. By the end of 1830, he ostensibly became an enthusiastic Catholic, much to the confusion of his former admirers and detractors. In 1846, he published a two-volume work entitled Dictionnaire Sciences Occultes et des Idees superstitieuses, another listing of demons. The set cost 16 francs. The Dictionnaire Infernal is a book on demonology, describing demons organised in hierarchies. It was written by Jacques Collin de Plancy and first published in 1818. There were several editions of the book; perhaps the most famous is the 1863 edition, which included sixty-nine illustrations by Louis Le Breton depicting the appearances of several of the demons. Many but not all of these images were later used in S. L. MacGregor Mathers's edition of The Lesser Key of Solomon. Dictionnaire Infernal was first published in 1818 and then divided into two volumes, with six reprints--and many changes--between 1818 and 1863. This book attempts to provide an account of all the knowledge concerning superstitions and demonology. Anecdotes of the nineteenth century or stories, recent anecdotes, features and little known words, singular adventures, various quotations, compilations and curious pieces, to be used for the history of the customs and the mind of the century in which we live, compared with centuries past. Infernal Dictionary, or, a Universal Library on the beings, characters, books, deeds, and causes which pertain to the manifestations and magic of trafficking with Hell; divinations, occult sciences, grimoires, marvels, errors, prejudices, traditions, folktales, the various superstitions, and generally all manner of marvellous, surprising, mysterious, and supernatural beliefs.</Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:Christian culture <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Christian culture <p> category's main topic <o> Christian culture <s> contextual theology <p> subclass of <o> theology <s> contextual theology <p> instance of <o> specialty <s> contextual theology <p> facet of <o> Christian culture <s> contextual theology <p> is the study of <o> Inculturation <s> contextual theology <p> partially coincident with <o> missiology <s> Inculturation <p> subclass of <o> syncretism <s> Inculturation <p> subclass of <o> adaptation <s> Inculturation <p> instance of <o> human activity <s> Inculturation <p> instance of <o> process <s> Inculturation <p> studied in <o> contextual theology <s> person related to this place <p> subclass of <o> person <s> person related to this place <p> subclass of <o> person related to this item <s> person related to this place <p> instance of <o> metaclass <s> Black-headed Gull <p> has sorting <o> Charadriiformes <s> Black-headed Gull <p> taxon range <o> Hefei <s> Black-headed Gull <p> instance of <o> taxon <s> Black-headed Gull <p> facet of <o> Hong Kong Wildtracks <s> Black-headed Gull <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Chroicocephalus ridibundus <s> Black-headed Gull <p> taxon rank <o> species <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Satpura National Park <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Dibru-Saikhowa National Park <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Dipor Bil <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Little Rann of Kutch <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Kaziranga National Park <s> Black-headed Gull <p> Status in the Red List of Threatened Species in the Czech Republic <o> vulnerable <s> Black-headed Gull <p> original combination <o> Larus ridibundus <s> Black-headed Gull <p> parent taxon <o> Chroicocephalus <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Mukutmanipur Dam <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Gajoldoba <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Murguma Dam <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Maguri Motapung Beel <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Narrai Reserve Forest <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Gandhisagar Sanctuary <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Asan Conservation Reserve <s> Black-headed Gull <p> IUCN conservation status <o> Least Concern <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Sunderbans Wildlife National Park <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Purbasthali <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Nameri National Park <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Bakkhali <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Sela Pass <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Thol Lake <s> Black-headed Gull <p> endemic to <o> Van Vihar National Park <s> Black-headed Gull <p> award received <o> Bird of the Year <s> Black-headed Gull <p> taxonomic type <o> Larus <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> maintained by WikiProject <o> WikiProject Invasion Biology <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> NatureServe conservation status <o> critically imperiled <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> LiverTox likelihood score <o> LiverTox toxicity likelihood category E <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> has use <o> wood <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> has use <o> food <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> taxon range <o> Beijing <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> parent taxon <o> Ginkgo <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> described by source <o> Gujin Tushu Jicheng <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> instance of <o> taxon <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> taxon rank <o> species <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> has use <o> afforestation <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> has use <o> medicinal plant <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> described by source <o> Anthology of Petty Matters in Qing <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> described by source <o> Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, volume 7 <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> described by source <o> Zhiwu Mingshi Tukao <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ginkgo biloba <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> taxon range <o> Fujian <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> this taxon is source of <o> ginkgo leaf <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> this taxon is source of <o> Ginkgo biloba extract <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> this taxon is source of <o> EGb761 <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> this taxon is source of <o> ginkgo nut <s> Ginkgo biloba <p> IUCN conservation status <o> Endangered species <s> UTC+09:00 <p> said to be the same as <o> Japan Standard Time <s> UTC+09:00 <p> said to be the same as <o> Korea Standard Time <s> UTC+09:00 <p> said to be the same as <o> Pyongyang time <s> UTC+09:00 <p> instance of <o> time zone named for a UTC offset <s> UTC+09:00 <p> said to be the same as <o> time in East Timor <s> UTC+09:00 <p> said to be the same as <o> Yakutsk Time <s> UTC+09:00 <p> said to be the same as <o> Indonesia Eastern Standard Time <s> UTC+09:00 <p> topic's main category <o> Category:UTC+9 <s> history of Tokyo <p> instance of <o> history of a city <s> history of Tokyo <p> facet of <o> Tokyo <s> history of Tokyo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:History of Tokyo <s> history of Tokyo <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia <s> Tokyo 15th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 15th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 15th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 15th district <p> represented by <o> Mito Kakizawa <s> Tokyo 23rd district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 23rd district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 23rd district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan </Graph>

<Text> :The term contextualizing theology was used in missiology by Shoki Coe when he argued that the Venn-Anderson three-self formula were inadequate in addressing the sociopolitical context of his native Taiwan. Coe popularized this notion through the Theological Education Fund of the World Council of Churches. While it was initially understood as part of a liberal approach to theology, it has grown in currency among evangelicals and Roman Catholics. An individual may come from a particular cultural worldview, such as Arabic or Asian culture, or be faced with particular sociopolitical issues. Hence, examples of contextualized theologies include Latin American liberation theology, Minjung theology, and African theology. The systematic theologian Regunta Yesurathnam sees contextual theology as including "all that is implied in indigenization or inculturation, but also seeks also to include the realities of contemporary, secularity, technology, and the struggle for human justice." The missiologist Stephen B. Bevans argues that there is no such thing as normative theology, that "doing theology contextually is not an option" since it is a human enterprise which is created within a particular human context. According to Bevans, contextualization is a better term than indigenization to describe social location and particular experience because it "broadens the understanding of culture to include social, political, and economic questions," while indigenization merely focuses on the "purely cultural dimension of human experience." Secondly, Bevans comments that indigenization tends to "see both the home culture and the culture 'out there' as good," while contextualization is usually "more critical of both cultures." Thirdly, the term contextualization suggests that "theology needs to interact and dialogue not only with traditional culture value, but with social change, new ethnic identities, and the conflicts that are present as the contemporary phenomenon of globalization encounters the various peoples of the world." In Christianity, inculturation is the adaptation of Christian teachings and practices to cultures. This is a term that is generally used by Catholics and the Orthodox, whereas Protestants , especially associated with the World Council of Churches, prefer to use the term "contextual theology". The coexistence of Christianity and other cultures dates back to the apostolic age. Before his Ascension, Jesus instructed his disciples to spread his teachings to the ends of the earth , Saint Paul's speech to the Greeks at the Areopagus of Athens could be considered as the first inculturation attempt. The speech was not well received by all, according to verse 32: "Now when they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some mocked". Around the year 50, the apostles convened the first Church council, the Council of Jerusalem, to decide whether to include Gentiles and inculturate Gentile culture. The Council confirmed that Gentiles could be accepted as Christians without first converting to Judaism. Cultural conflicts continued until Christianity incorporated the Greco-Roman culture. Similar inculturation occurred when the Roman Empire ceased and the Germanic and Medieval cultures became dominant, a process taking centuries. Early practitioners of inculturation in the history of missions include St. Patrick in Ireland and Sts. Cyril and Methodius for the Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe. After the schism of 1054, the Catholic Church was largely restricted to the Western parts of Europe. Attempts failed to return the sphere of influence to the cultures of the Middle East with the crusades and the Latin Empire in Constantinople . The Protestant Reformation generated a division in the Western Church. However, at the same time, Spanish and Portuguese discoveries of the Americas, Asia and Africa broadened contact with other cultures and civilizations. After the discoveries of new territories and the Council of Trent , the inculturation movement became more systematic and was particularly associated with the Jesuits. The Catholic Church had to ponder how and to evaluate elements of ancient non-Christian cultures. Notable figures were, among others, the Jesuits Jose de Anchieta for the indigenous people of Brazil, Thomas Stephens in Goa, Roberto de Nobili in Southern India, and Alexandre de Rhodes in Vietnam. The black-headed gull is a small gull that breeds in much of the Palearctic including Europe and also in coastal eastern Canada. Most of the population is migratory and winters further south, but some birds reside in the milder westernmost areas of Europe. The species also occurs in smaller numbers in northeastern North America, where it was formerly known as the common black-headed gull. As is the case with many gulls, it was previously placed in the genus Larus. The black-headed gull displays a variety of compelling behaviours and adaptations. Some of these include removing eggshells from the nest after hatching, begging co-ordination between siblings, differences between sexes, conspecific brood parasitism, and extra-pair paternity. They are an overwintering species, found in a variety of different habitats. In flight, the white leading edge to the wing is a good field mark. The summer adult has a chocolate-brown head , pale grey body, black tips to the primary wing feathers, and red bill and legs. The hood is lost in winter, leaving just two dark spots. Immature birds have a mottled pattern of brown spots over most of the body, and a black band on the tail. There is no difference in plumage between the sexes. It breeds in colonies in large reed beds or marshes, or on islands in lakes, nesting on the ground. Like most gulls, it is highly gregarious in winter, both when feeding or in evening roosts. It is not a pelagic species and is rarely seen at sea far from coasts. Ginkgo biloba, commonly known as ginkgo or gingko , also known as the maidenhair tree, is a species of gymnosperm tree native to East Asia. It is the last living species in the order Ginkgoales, which first appeared over 290 million years ago, and fossils very similar to the living species, belonging to the genus Ginkgo, extend back to the Middle Jurassic epoch approximately 170 million years ago. The tree was cultivated early in human history and remains commonly planted, and is widely regarded as a living fossil. The genus name is regarded as a misspelling of the Japanese pronunciation gin kyo for the kanji Yin Xing meaning "silver apricot", which is found in Chinese herbology literature such as Ri Yong Ben Cao and Compendium of Materia Medica Ben Cao Gang Mu published in 1578. Despite its spelling, which is due to a complicated etymology including a transcription error, "ginkgo" is usually pronounced /'gINGkoU/, which has given rise to the common alternative spelling "gingko". The spelling pronunciation /'gINGkgoU/ is also documented in some dictionaries. Engelbert Kaempfer first introduced the spelling ginkgo in his book Amoenitatum Exoticarum. It is considered that he may have misspelled "Ginkjo" or "Ginkio" as "Ginkgo". This misspelling was included by Carl Linnaeus in his book Mantissa plantarum II and has become the name of the tree's genus. The specific epithet biloba is New Latin for "two-lobed". During the Japanese occupations of British Borneo, Burma, Hong Kong, Dutch East Indies, Malaya, Philippines, Singapore, and French Indochina, it was used as a common time with Tokyo until the fall of the Empire of Japan. The history of Tokyo, Japan's capital prefecture and largest city, starts with archeological remains in the area dating back around 5,000 years. Tokyo's oldest temple is possibly Senso-ji in Asakusa, founded in 628. The city's original name, Edo, first appears in the 12th century. From 1457 to 1640, Edo Castle was constructed, and was the city's center. Tokugawa Ieyasu, after finishing his conquest of Honshu in 1600, chose Edo as a new capital. Japan's monarchy at Kyoto became a symbolic entity, as the country's real power was given to Edo's Tokugawa Shogunate. By the 1650s, it became Japan's largest city, and by 1720, it was the world's largest. The Great Fire of Meireki in 1657 killed around 108,000 people. After the opening of Japan in 1854, there was conflict over Japan's governance. This led to the Boshin War and Meiji Restoration: the shogunate was dissolved, and the imperial monarchy's powers were restored at Edo, renamed Tokyo. In the 20th century, city was destroyed by the Great Kanto earthquake and the Allied bombings during World War II. Over 100,000 people died in the U.S.' Operation Meetinghouse. After Japan surrendered to America in 1945, America occupied the city until 1952. The post-war Japanese economic miracle and the 1964 Summer Olympics allowed the city to rebuild and grow. The city's transportation needs were met by the interlocking of the Tokyo Metro, Toei Subway, and Shinkansen. In 1990, the country entered a period of economic stagnation called the Lost Decades. The COVID-19 pandemic scaled back the 2020 Summer Olympics. Defined by United Nations estimates, Tokyo was the world's largest city in 2018 with 37,468,000 people. Judged by city proper, it was the 12th largest, with 13,515,271. The site of Tokyo has been inhabited since ancient times. The original inhabitants might have been the indigenous Ainu people, who theoretically conquered all of modern Japan before the Japanese subsumed them. The theory they were in Kanto is based on Ainu place names found in and near Tokyo. At the Omori Shell Midden site in modern-day Omori, a collection of pottery, worked bones, and a clay tablet were dated to be 5,000 years old, in the Bronze Age. At Yayoi-zaka near modern Nezu Station, Yayoi period grains of charred rice and chaff were found, making it the oldest agricultural site in Tokyo. The 4th century Horaisan Kofun in Tanagawa is Tokyo's oldest tomb. The 5th century Noge Otsuka in Todoroki is a 5th century tomb from the Middle Kofun culture. Around the tomb's hill, various objects from that time imply the location was the resting place of a powerful chieftain of the southern Musashino area. Early pots were used to store nuts, scanveged from early inhabitants' hunter-gatherer lifestyles. Hunting and gathering decreased over time as the Tokyo peoples started growing food in areas closer to home. Kanto was a well-irrigated piece of flatland ideal for the cultivation of rice, and protected from coastal invaders from mainland Asia. The three villages that formed the small fishing village of Edo, Tokyo's earliest form, started around the Sumida, Arakawa, and Edogawa rivers. These areas are highly-prone to natural disasters, which would be a common sight in the area's history. Early Korean comunities were present at the Sumida area. The Tama River was an important location for farming, and there is evidence there of large-scale irrigation works which created a food abundance. There are sixty early grave mounds around the middle and lower Tama reaches, including Horaisun Kofun.Tokyo 15th District is an electoral district of the Japanese House of Representatives. The district was established in 1994 as part of the change to single-member districts, and it is currently represented by independent politician Mito Kakizawa. Tokyo 23rd Ward is an electoral district in the Japanese House of Representatives. The district was established in 1994 at the introduction of the single member constituency system, and is currently represented by the Liberal Democratic Party's Masanobu Ogura. As part of the 2022 reapportionments, the remaining sections of Tama were given to the new 30th district. As a result of this the 23rd district became the only district in Western Tokyo to be composed of a single municipality. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Tokyo 19th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 19th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 19th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 16th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 16th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 16th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 26th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 26th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 26th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 14th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 14th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 14th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 29th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 29th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 29th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 24th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 24th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 24th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 17th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 17th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 17th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 13th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 13th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 13th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 20th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 20th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 20th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 28th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 28th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 28th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo </Graph>

<Text> :Tokyo 19th District is an electoral district of the Japanese House of Representatives. The district was created in 1994 as part of the move towards single-member districts, and is currently represented by Constitutional Democratic Party's Yoshinori Suematsu. Tokyo 16th District is an electoral district of the Japanese House of Representatives. The district was created in 1994 as a part of the move towards single-member districts, and is currently represented by the Liberal Democratic member Hideo Onishi.Tokyo 26th District is an electoral district in the Japanese House of Representatives. It was first created as part of the 2022 reapportionments that added five districts in Tokyo. This district will elect its first member during the 2025 general election. As part of the 2022 redistricting, the areas of Taito were given back to the 2nd district, Arakawa was given to the new 29th district and the district gained parts of Edogawa from the 16th and 17th districts. Tokyo 29th district is an electoral district of the Japanese House of Representatives. The district was established in 2022 and will elect its first representative in the 2025 general election. Tokyo 24th district Dong Jing Du Di 24Qu is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the national Diet of Japan. It is located in western Tokyo and consists much of Hachioji City. The seat is held by Koichi Hagiuda, a member of the Liberal Democratic Party since 2012. Tokyo 17th district is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan . It is located in eastern mainland Tokyo and covers northeastern parts of the former city of Tokyo. The district consists of Katsushika and parts of Edogawa ward. As of 2012, 440,965 eligible voters were registered in the district. The only representative for the 17th district since its creation has been Katsuei Hirasawa , former Vice Minister in the Cabinet Office and former Chairman of the House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs. Tokyo 20th District is an electoral district of the Japanese House of Representatives. The district was created in 1994 as part of the move to single-member districts that same year, and the district is currently represented by the Liberal Democratic Party's Seiji Kihara. Tokyo 28th District is an electoral district of the Japanese House of Representatives. The district was created as part of the 2022 reapprotionments that gave Tokyo five new districts, and it will elect its first member in the 2025 general election. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Tokyo 27th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 27th district <p> instance of <o> electoral unit <s> Tokyo 27th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 27th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 21th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 21th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 21th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> BBC <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Grupo Televisa <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> location <o> Tokyo <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> RAI <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Flemish Radio and Television Broadcasting Organization <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> country <o> Japan <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Radio Televisyen Malaysia <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> China Central Television <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Österreichischer Rundfunk <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> TVNorge <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Yle <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> RTVE <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Telewizja Polska <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> topic's main category <o> Category:2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> oath made by <o> Ryota Yamagata <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> karate at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Georgian Public Broadcaster <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Česká televize <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> RTÉ <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> follows <o> 2016 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> officially opened by <o> Naruhito <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> oath made by <o> Reika Utsugi <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> oath made by <o> Kosei Inoue <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> oath made by <o> Kasumi Ishikawa <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> fencing at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> cycling at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Radio and Television of Slovakia <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> RTCG <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Chunghwa Telecom <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> sports season of league or competition <o> Summer Olympic Games <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> instance of <o> Summer Olympic Games <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> sport climbing at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> badminton at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> torch lit by <o> Naomi Osaka <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> table tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> organizer <o> Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> triathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> shooting at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Romanian Television <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Radio Television of Croatia <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Seven Network <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Advanced Info Service <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Canadian Broadcasting Corporation <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Radio Television of Kosovo <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Television New Zealand <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Dentsu <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> RTBF <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> National State Television and Radio Company of the Republic of Belarus <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Infront Sports & Media <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Kanal 5 <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Sportsnet <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> golf at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> equestrian at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> basketball at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> RÚV <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Grupo Globo <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> The Sports Network <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> modern pentathlon at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> canoeing at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Radio Television of BH <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Public Broadcasting Company of Ukraine <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Macedonian Radio-television <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Armenia 1 <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> TV Azteca <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> MTVA (Hungary) <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Seoul Broadcasting System <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Latvijas Televīzija <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> sailing at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> judo at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> beach volleyball at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> skateboarding at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> handball at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> 2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> 2020 Summer Olympics closing ceremony <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> surfing at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> América Móvil <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Eurosport 1 <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Sistema Nacional de Televisión <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> water polo at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> rhythmic gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> trampoline at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Repretel <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> TLN <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> TV3 <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Astro <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> SuperSport <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> SKY TV <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Bulgarian National Television <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Caracol Televisión <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Radiotelevizija Slovenija <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> rowing at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> diving at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> rugby sevens at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> mascot <o> Miraitowa and Someity <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Mediacorp <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Nederlandse Omroep Stichting <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> South African Broadcasting Corporation <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> instance of <o> postponed sports event due to the coronavirus pandemic <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> BandSports <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Postimees Group <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Culver Max Entertainment <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Vrio <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Grupo ATV <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> BeIN Sports <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Unifi TV <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Japan Consortium <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> followed by <o> 2024 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> NBC coverage of the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> final event <o> 2020 Summer Olympics closing ceremony <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> WikiProject COVID-19 <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> part of <o> 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> home venue <o> Japan National Stadium <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Rádio e Televisão de Portugal <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Swiss Broadcasting Corporation <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Discovery Inc. <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> broadcast by <o> DR <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> aquatics at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> artistic gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> taekwondo at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> softball at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> tennis at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> football at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> Artistic swimming at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> archery at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> 2020 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> baseball at the 2020 Summer Olympics <s> east <p> opposite of <o> north <s> east <p> opposite of <o> south <s> east <p> opposite of <o> west <s> east <p> instance of <o> cardinal direction <s> east <p> different from <o> Este <s> east <p> different from <o> Anatoli <s> east <p> different from <o> Oost <s> east <p> part of <o> cardinal direction <s> east <p> different from <o> EST <s> east <p> different from <o> Ida <s> east <p> different from <o> East <s> east <p> different from <o> OOS <s> east <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> east <p> instance of <o> points of the compass <s> east <p> different from <o> Timur <s> east <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> east <p> different from <o> Osten <s> east <p> part of <o> points of the compass <s> east <p> topic's main category <o> Category:East <s> east <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> east <p> described by source <o> Bible Encyclopedia of Archimandrite Nicephorus <s> east <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> east <p> different from <o> východ <s> east <p> different from <o> Doğu <s> east <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> east <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 2 <s> east <p> different from <o> 東 <s> east <p> category for the view from the item <o> Category:Views from east <s> Prunus ×yedoensis <p> instance of <o> taxon <s> Prunus ×yedoensis <p> parent taxon <o> Prunus <s> Prunus ×yedoensis <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Prunus × yedoensis <s> Prunus ×yedoensis <p> taxon rank <o> species <s> Prunus ×yedoensis <p> subject has role <o> basionym <s> Prunus ×yedoensis <p> taxon synonym <o> Cerasus ×yedoensis <s> Edo <p> country <o> Japan <s> Edo <p> capital of <o> Tokugawa shogunate <s> Edo <p> capital of <o> Japan <s> Edo <p> located in the present-day administrative territorial entity <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Edo <p> instance of <o> jōkamachi <s> Edo <p> instance of <o> capital of Japan <s> Edo <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Edo <p> significant event <o> fire in Edo <s> Edo <p> instance of <o> former settlement <s> Edo <p> instance of <o> former administrative territorial entity <s> Edo <p> office held by head of government <o> Edo machi-bugyō <s> Edo <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Edo <s> Edo <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Born in Edo <s> Edo <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Edo <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Edo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Toshima district <s> Edo <p> part of <o> Santo <s> Edo <p> replaced by <o> Tokyo <s> Edo <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Edo Bay <s> Edo <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Edomae <s> Edo <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Hibiya Inlet <s> Edo <p> said to be the same as <o> Ōedo <s> Edo <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Edo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Edo <s> Edo <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Edo <s> Edo <p> has part(s) <o> Yamanote and Shitamachi <s> Edo <p> studied in <o> Edo studies <s> Edo <p> language used <o> Edo dialect <s> Edo <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Edo <s> Edo <p> has boundary <o> Shubiki <s> February 26 Incident <p> named after <o> February 26 <s> February 26 Incident <p> country <o> Empire of Japan <s> February 26 Incident <p> armament <o> rifle <s> February 26 Incident <p> armament <o> bayonet <s> February 26 Incident <p> armament <o> light machine gun <s> February 26 Incident <p> different from <o> 228 Incident <s> February 26 Incident <p> victim <o> Makino Nobuaki <s> February 26 Incident <p> victim <o> Takahashi Korekiyo <s> February 26 Incident <p> victim <o> Keisuke Okada <s> February 26 Incident <p> location <o> Yugawara <s> February 26 Incident <p> victim <o> Kantarō Suzuki <s> February 26 Incident <p> victim <o> Saitō Makoto <s> February 26 Incident <p> movement <o> Shōwa Restoration <s> February 26 Incident <p> location <o> Tokyo City <s> February 26 Incident <p> armament <o> heavy machine gun <s> February 26 Incident <p> armament <o> guntō <s> February 26 Incident <p> armament <o> handgun <s> February 26 Incident <p> instance of <o> attempted coup d'état <s> February 26 Incident <p> topic's main category <o> Category:February 26 Incident <s> February 26 Incident <p> perpetrator <o> Shirō Nonaka <s> February 26 Incident <p> perpetrator <o> Teruzō Andō <s> February 26 Incident <p> victim <o> Jōtarō Watanabe <s> February 26 Incident <p> victim <o> Denzō Matsuo <s> Tokio <p> different from <o> Tokio <s> Tokio <p> different from <o> Tokyo <s> Tokio <p> different from <o> Tokyo City <s> Tokio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia disambiguation page <s> Tokio <p> different from <o> Tokyo <s> economy of Tokyo <p> country <o> Japan <s> economy of Tokyo <p> instance of <o> regional economy <s> economy of Tokyo <p> location <o> Tokyo <s> economy of Tokyo <p> subclass of <o> economy of Japan <s> economy of Tokyo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Economy of Tokyo <s> Bombing of Tokyo <p> location <o> Tokyo <s> Bombing of Tokyo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Bombing of Tokyo in 1945 <s> Bombing of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Bombing of Jōhoku <s> Bombing of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Bombing of Tokyo (10 March 1945) <s> Bombing of Tokyo <p> country <o> Empire of Japan <s> Bombing of Tokyo <p> dedicated heritage entity <o> Center of the Tokyo Raids and War Damage <s> Bombing of Tokyo <p> instance of <o> carpet bombing <s> Bombing of Tokyo <p> instance of <o> aerial bombing of a city <s> Bombing of Tokyo <p> part of <o> air raids on Japan </Graph>

<Text> :Tokyo 27th District is an electoral district of the Japanese House of Representatives. The district was established in 2022, and it will elect its first representative in the 2025 general election. The 2020 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXXII Olympiad and officially branded as Tokyo 2020, were an international multi-sport event held from 23 July to 8 August 2021 in Tokyo, Japan, with some preliminary events that began on 21 July 2021. Tokyo was selected as the host city during the 125th IOC Session in Buenos Aires, Argentina on 7 September 2013. Originally scheduled to take place from 24 July to 9 August 2020, the event was postponed to 2021 on 24 March 2020 due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, the first such instance in the history of the Olympic Games . However, the event retained the Tokyo 2020 branding for marketing purposes. It was largely held behind closed doors with no public spectators permitted due to the declaration of a state of emergency in the Greater Tokyo Area in response to the pandemic, the first and only Olympic Games to be held without official spectators. The Games were the most expensive ever, with total spending of over $20 billion. The Games were the fourth Olympic Games to be held in Japan, following the 1964 Summer Olympics , 1972 Winter Olympics , and 1998 Winter Olympics . Tokyo became the first city in Asia to hold the Summer Olympic Games twice. The 2020 Games were the second of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia, following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea and preceding the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, China. Due to the one-year postponement, Tokyo 2020 was the first and only Olympic Games to have been held in an odd-numbered year and the first Summer Olympics since 1900 to be held in a non-leap year. New events were introduced in existing sports, including 3x3 basketball, freestyle BMX and mixed gender team events in a number of existing sports, as well as the return of madison cycling for men and an introduction of the same event for women. New IOC policies also allowed the host organizing committee to add new sports to the Olympic program for just one Games. The disciplines added by the Japanese Olympic Committee were baseball and softball, karate, sport climbing, surfing and skateboarding, the last four of which made their Olympic debuts, and the last three of which will remain on the Olympic program. As in other languages, the word is formed from the fact that east is the direction where the Sun rises: east comes from Middle English est, from Old English east, which itself comes from the Proto-Germanic *aus-to- or *austra- "east, toward the sunrise", from Proto-Indo-European *aus- "to shine," or "dawn", cognate with Old High German *ostar "to the east", Latin aurora 'dawn', and Greek eos eos 'dawn, east'. Examples of the same formation in other languages include Latin oriens 'east, sunrise' from orior 'to rise, to originate', Greek anatole anatole 'east' from anatello 'to rise' and Hebrew mzrKH mizrah 'east' from zrKH zarah 'to rise, to shine'. Eostre, a Germanic goddess of dawn, might have been a personification of both dawn and the cardinal points. By convention, the right-hand side of a map is east. This convention has developed from the use of a compass, which places north at the top. However, on maps of planets such as Venus and Uranus which rotate retrograde, the left hand side is east. East is the direction toward which the Earth rotates about its axis, and therefore the general direction from which the Sun appears to rise. The practice of praying towards the East is older than Christianity, but has been adopted by this religion as the Orient was thought of as containing mankind's original home. Hence, Christian churches have been traditionally oriented towards the east. After some early exceptions, this tradition of having the altar on the liturgical east has become a part of the church orientation concept liturgical east and west. The Orient is the East, traditionally comprising anything that belongs to the Eastern world, in relation to Europe. In English, it is largely a metonym for, and referring to the same area as, the continent of Asia, divided into the Far East, Middle East, and Near East. Despite this Eurocentric origin, these regions are still located to the east of the Geographical centre of Earth. Prunus x yedoensis is a hybrid cherry tree between Prunus speciosa as father plant and Prunus pendula f. ascendens as mother. It is a hybrid born in Japan and one of its cultivars, Prunus x yedoensis 'Somei-yoshino' or Yoshino cherry , is one of the most popular and widely planted cherry cultivars in temperate regions around the world today. 'Somei-yoshino' is a clone from a single tree, and has been propagated by grafting all over the world. 'Somei-yoshino' inherits Edo higan's quality of blooming before the leaves unfold and it growing into a large-sized tree. It also inherits the characteristics of the Oshima cherry, which grows rapidly and has white flowers. These characteristics are favored and have become one of the most popular cultivars of cherry trees. One of the spots where P. x yedoensis grows wild is around Funabara Pass on the Izu Peninsula, which is close to the birthplace of its paternal species, Oshima cherry, and the wild P. x yedoensis in the area and the cultivar developed from it are called 'Funabara-yoshino'. On April 1, 2019, the Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Shimane University and Kyoto Prefectural University announced that they had decoded all the genetic information of 'Somei-Yoshino', and it was revealed that 'Somei-yoshino' descended from Edo higan and Oshima cherry, as is commonly believed. It was also revealed that the two ancestral species separated into different species 5.52 million years ago, and that 'Somei-yoshino' was born by hybridization over 100 years ago. Although it was not recognized as a 'Somei-Yoshino' at the time of planting, the oldest verifiable record of a 'Somei-Yoshino' tree being planted is a record of its planting in the Koishikawa Botanical Garden in 1775. There are also existing 'Somei-Yoshino' trees planted in Koishikawa Botanical Garden in 1875, in Kaiseizan Park in Koriyama, Fukushima Prefecture in 1878, and in Hirosaki Castle in 1882, which are sometimes referred to as the oldest 'Somei-Yoshino' trees. As of 2019, the Tree Health Research Society, Japan has recognized the oldest surviving 'Somei-Yoshino' in Japan, the one on Kaiseizan Park planted in 1878, based on the results of radiocarbon dating and other scientific studies. Edo, formerly a jokamachi centered on Edo Castle located in Musashi Province, became the de facto capital of Japan from 1603 as the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate. Edo grew to become one of the largest cities in the world under the Tokugawa. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868 the Meiji government renamed Edo as Tokyo and relocated the Emperor from the historic capital of Kyoto to the city. The era of Tokugawa rule in Japan from 1603 to 1868 is known as the Edo period. Before the 10th century, there is no mention of Edo in historical records, but for a few settlements in the area. Edo first appears in the Azuma Kagami chronicles, that name for the area being probably used since the second half of the Heian period. Its development started in late 11th century with a branch of the Kanmu-Taira clan called the Chichibu clan , coming from the banks of the then-Iruma River, present day upstream of Arakawa river. A descendant of the head of the Chichibu clan settled in the area and took the name Edo Shigetsugu , likely based on the name used for the place, and founded the Edo clan. Shigetsugu built a fortified residence, probably around the tip of the Musashino terrace, which would become the Edo castle. Shigetsugu's son, Edo Shigenaga , took the Taira's side against Minamoto no Yoritomo in 1180 but eventually surrendered to Minamoto and became a gokenin for the Kamakura shogunate. At the fall of the shogunate in the 14th century, the Edo clan took the side of the Southern court, and its influence declined during the Muromachi period. In 1456, a vassal of the Ogigayatsu branch of the Uesugi clan, started to build a castle on the former fortified residence of the Edo clan and took the name Ota Dokan. Dokan lived in this castle until his assassination in 1486. Under Dokan, with good water connections to Kamakura, Odawara and other parts of Kanto and the country, Edo expanded in a jokamachi, with the castle bordering a cove opening into Edo Bay and the town developing along the Hirakawa River that was flowing into the cove, as well as the stretch of land on the eastern side of the cove called Edomaeto . Some priests and scholars fleeing Kyoto after the Onin War came to Edo during that period. The February 26 incident was an attempted coup d'etat in the Empire of Japan on 26 February 1936. It was organized by a group of young Imperial Japanese Army officers with the goal of purging the government and military leadership of their factional rivals and ideological opponents. Although the rebels succeeded in assassinating several leading officials and in occupying the government center of Tokyo, they failed to assassinate Prime Minister Keisuke Okada or secure control of the Imperial Palace. Their supporters in the army made attempts to capitalize on their actions, but divisions within the military, combined with Imperial anger at the coup, meant they were unable to achieve a change of government. Facing overwhelming opposition as the army moved against them, the rebels surrendered on 29 February. Unlike earlier examples of political violence by young officers, the coup attempt had severe consequences. After a series of closed trials, nineteen of the uprising's leaders were executed for mutiny and another forty were imprisoned. The radical Kodo-ha faction lost its influence within the army, while the military, now free from infighting, increased its control over the civilian government, which had been severely weakened by the assassination of key moderate and liberal-minded leaders. The Imperial Japanese Army had a long history of factionalism among its high-ranking officers, originally stemming from domainal rivalries in the Meiji period. By the early 1930s, officers in the high command had become split into two main informal groups: the Kodo-ha "Imperial Way" faction led by General Sadao Araki and his ally General Jinzaburo Mazaki, and the Tosei-ha "Control" faction identified with General Tetsuzan Nagata. Tokyo , officially the Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital of Japan and one of the most populous cities in the world with a population of over 14 million residents as of 2023. The Tokyo metropolitan area, which includes Tokyo and nearby prefectures, is the world's most-populous metropolitan area with 40.8 million residents as of 2023, and is the second-largest metropolitan economy in the world after New York, with a 2022 gross metropolitan product estimated at US$2.08 trillion . Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, Tokyo is part of the Kanto region on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Japan's economic center and the seat of both the Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government administers Tokyo's central 23 special wards , various commuter towns and suburbs in its western area, and two outlying island chains known as the Tokyo Islands. Despite most of the world knowing Tokyo as a city, since 1943 its governing structure has been more akin to a prefecture, with an accompanying Governor and Assembly taking precedence over the smaller municipal governments which make up the metropolis. Prior to the 17th century, Tokyo was predominantly a fishing village and was named Edo. In 1603, however, the city ascended to political prominence after being named the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate. By the mid-18th century, Edo emerged as one of the world's most-populous cities with a population of over one million people. Following the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the imperial capital in Kyoto was moved to Edo, and the city was renamed Tokyo . In 1923, Tokyo was damaged substantially by the Great Kanto earthquake, and the city was later badly damaged by allied bombing raids during World War II in retaliation for Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Beginning in the mid-20th century, Tokyo underwent rapid reconstruction and expansion that contributed to the era's so-called Japanese economic miracle in which Japan's economy propelled to the second-largest in the world behind that of the United States. Tokyo is also part of an industrial region that spans from Yokohama and Kawasaki to Chiba. As of 2023, the city is home to 29 of the world's largest 500 companies listed in the annual Fortune Global 500. In 2020, Tokyo ranked fourth on the Global Financial Centres Index behind New York City, London, and Shanghai. Tokyo is categorized as an Alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. The city is home to the world's tallest tower, Tokyo Skytree, and the world's largest underground floodwater diversion facility, the Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel in Kasukabe, Saitama, a Tokyo suburb. The Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, which opened in 1927, is the oldest underground metro line in East Asia. Tokyo is recognized as one of the world's most livable cities; it was ranked fourth in the world in Global Livability Ranking, published in 2021. The Bombing of Tokyo was a series of bombing air raids launched by the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. Known as Operation Meetinghouse, the raids were conducted by the U.S. military on the night of 9-10 March 1945, and was the single most destructive bombing raid in human history. 16 square miles of central Tokyo was destroyed, leaving an estimated 100,000 civilians dead and over one million homeless. The atomic bombing of Hiroshima in August 1945, by comparison, resulted in the immediate death of an estimated 70,000 to 150,000 people. The U.S. mounted the Doolittle Raid, a seaborne, small-scale air raid on Tokyo in April 1942. Strategic bombing and urban area bombing began in 1944 after the long-range B-29 Superfortress bomber entered service, first deployed from China and thereafter the Mariana Islands. B-29 raids from those islands began on 17 November 1944, and lasted until 15 August 1945, the day of Japanese surrender. Over half of Tokyo's industry was spread out among residential and commercial neighborhoods; firebombing cut the city's output in half. Some modern post-war analysts have called the raid a war crime due to the targeting of civilian infrastructure and the ensuing mass loss of civilian life. The first raid on Tokyo was the Doolittle Raid on 18 April 1942. In the raid, sixteen B-25 Mitchells were launched from the USS Hornet at Yokohama and Tokyo, and then flew to airfields in China. The raid was retaliation against the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The raid did little damage to Japan's war capability but was a significant propaganda victory for the United States. Launched at longer range than planned when the task force encountered a Japanese picket boat, all of the attacking aircraft either crashed or ditched short of the airfields designated for landing. One aircraft landed in the neutral Soviet Union where the crew was interned, but then smuggled over the border into Iran on 11 May 1943. Two crews were captured by the Japanese in occupied China. Three crewmen from these groups were later executed. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> officially opened by <o> Hirohito <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> country <o> Japan <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> fencing at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> sports season of league or competition <o> Summer Olympic Games <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> football at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> modern pentathlon at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> gymnastics at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> boxing at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> location <o> Tokyo <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> location <o> National Stadium <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> follows <o> 1960 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) of the class <o> Olympic sporting event <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> organizer <o> Organizing Committee for the Games of the XVIII Olympiad <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> swimming at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> volleyball at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> equestrian at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> followed by <o> 1968 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> wrestling at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> basketball at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> water polo at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> oath made by <o> Takashi Ono <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> torch lit by <o> Yoshinori Sakai <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> baseball at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> budo at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> participant <o> Gainan Saidkhuzhin <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> instance of <o> Summer Olympic Games <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> diving at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> cycling at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> rowing at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> judo at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> topic's main category <o> Category:1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> shooting at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> weightlifting at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> canoeing at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> field hockey at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> 1964 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> sailing at the 1964 Summer Olympics <s> Category:Views of Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> Tokyo <s> Category:Views of Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> view <s> Category:Views of Tokyo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Tokyo <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> human <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> Tokyo <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> honorary citizenship <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Tokyo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Tokyo <p> category's main topic <o> Honorary citizenship of Tokyo <s> timeline of Tokyo <p> country <o> Japan <s> timeline of Tokyo <p> facet of <o> Tokyo <s> timeline of Tokyo <p> instance of <o> timeline <s> timeline of Tokyo <p> category related to list <o> Category:History of Tokyo <s> Tokyo <p> capital of <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Tokyo <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo <p> significant event <o> Bombing of Tokyo <s> Tokyo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Tokyo <p> significant event <o> February 26 Incident <s> Tokyo <p> historical region <o> Edo <s> Tokyo <p> instance of <o> national capital <s> Tokyo <p> continent <o> Asia <s> Tokyo <p> named after <o> east <s> Tokyo <p> named after <o> capital city <s> Tokyo <p> different from <o> Tokio <s> Tokyo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tokyo <s> Tokyo <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Kantō Plain <s> Tokyo <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tokyo Bay <s> Tokyo <p> language used <o> Tokyo dialect <s> Tokyo <p> Köppen climate classification <o> humid subtropical climate <s> Tokyo <p> replaces <o> Edo <s> Tokyo <p> foundational text <o> Edict Renaming Edo to Tokyo <s> Tokyo <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Tokyo <s> prefecture of Japan <p> country <o> Japan <s> prefecture of Japan <p> subclass of <o> geographic region <s> prefecture of Japan <p> subclass of <o> prefecture <s> prefecture of Japan <p> subclass of <o> first-level administrative division <s> prefecture of Japan <p> capital <o> list of prefectural capitals in Japan <s> prefecture of Japan <p> head of government <o> Governor (Japan) <s> prefecture of Japan <p> main regulatory text <o> Local Autonomy Act <s> prefecture of Japan <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> prefecture of Japan <p> subclass of <o> administrative territorial entity of Japan <s> prefecture of Japan <p> flag <o> flags of Japanese prefectures <s> prefecture of Japan <p> replaces <o> han <s> prefecture of Japan <p> replaces <o> tenryō <s> prefecture of Japan <p> has list <o> list of prefectures of Japan <s> prefecture of Japan <p> anthem <o> Japanese prefecture song <s> prefecture of Japan <p> instance of <o> designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country <s> prefecture of Japan <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Prefectures of Japan <s> prefecture of Japan <p> coat of arms <o> emblems of prefectures of Japan <s> prefecture of Japan <p> legislative body <o> prefectural assemblies of Japan <s> prefecture of Japan <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Japan by prefecture <s> prefecture of Japan <p> executive body <o> prefectural government <s> prefecture of Japan <p> has boundary <o> prefectural border <s> prefecture of Japan <p> subclass of <o> ordinary local public entity <s> prefecture of Japan <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Infobox Prefecture Japan <s> Tokyo 4th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 4th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 4th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 18th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 18th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 18th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 3rd district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 3rd district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 3rd district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 2nd district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 2nd district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 2nd district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo </Graph>

<Text> :The 1964 Summer Olympics , officially the Games of the XVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Tokyo 1964 , were an international multi-sport event held from 10 to 24 October 1964 in Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo had been awarded the organization of the 1940 Summer Olympics, but this honor was subsequently passed to Helsinki due to Japan's invasion of China, before ultimately being cancelled due to World War II. Tokyo was chosen as the host city during the 55th IOC Session in West Germany on 26 May 1959. The 1964 Summer Games were the first Olympics held in Asia, and marked the first time South Africa was excluded for using its apartheid system in sports. Until 1960, South Africa had fielded segregated teams, conforming to the country's racial classifications; for the 1964 Games the International Olympic Committee demanded a multi-racial delegation to be sent, and after South Africa refused, they were excluded from participating. The country was, however, allowed to compete at the 1964 Summer Paralympics, also held in Tokyo, its Paralympic Games debut. The 1964 Games were also the first to be telecast internationally without the need for tapes to be flown overseas, as they had been for the 1960 Olympics four years earlier. The games were telecast to the United States using Syncom 3, the first geostationary communication satellite, and from there to Europe using Relay 1. These were also the first Olympic Games to have color telecasts, albeit partially. Certain events such as the sumo wrestling and judo matches, sports popular in Japan, were tried out using Toshiba's new colour transmission system, but only for the domestic market. The entire 1964 Olympic Games was chronicled in the ground-breaking 1965 sports documentary film Tokyo Olympiad, directed by Kon Ichikawa. The games were scheduled for mid-October to avoid the city's midsummer heat and humidity and the September typhoon season. The previous Olympics in Rome in 1960 started in late August and experienced hot weather. The following games in 1968 in Mexico City also began in October. The 1964 Olympics were also the last to use a traditional cinder track for the track events. Since 1968, a smooth, synthetic, all-weather track has been used. The United States won the most gold medals, while the Soviet Union won the most overall medals. Tokyo , officially the Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital of Japan and one of the most populous cities in the world with a population of over 14 million residents as of 2023. The Tokyo metropolitan area, which includes Tokyo and nearby prefectures, is the world's most-populous metropolitan area with 40.8 million residents as of 2023, and is the second-largest metropolitan economy in the world after New York, with a 2022 gross metropolitan product estimated at US$2.08 trillion . Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, Tokyo is part of the Kanto region on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Japan's economic center and the seat of both the Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government administers Tokyo's central 23 special wards , various commuter towns and suburbs in its western area, and two outlying island chains known as the Tokyo Islands. Despite most of the world knowing Tokyo as a city, since 1943 its governing structure has been more akin to a prefecture, with an accompanying Governor and Assembly taking precedence over the smaller municipal governments which make up the metropolis. Prior to the 17th century, Tokyo was predominantly a fishing village and was named Edo. In 1603, however, the city ascended to political prominence after being named the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate. By the mid-18th century, Edo emerged as one of the world's most-populous cities with a population of over one million people. Following the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the imperial capital in Kyoto was moved to Edo, and the city was renamed Tokyo . In 1923, Tokyo was damaged substantially by the Great Kanto earthquake, and the city was later badly damaged by allied bombing raids during World War II in retaliation for Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Beginning in the mid-20th century, Tokyo underwent rapid reconstruction and expansion that contributed to the era's so-called Japanese economic miracle in which Japan's economy propelled to the second-largest in the world behind that of the United States. Tokyo is also part of an industrial region that spans from Yokohama and Kawasaki to Chiba. As of 2023, the city is home to 29 of the world's largest 500 companies listed in the annual Fortune Global 500. In 2020, Tokyo ranked fourth on the Global Financial Centres Index behind New York City, London, and Shanghai. Tokyo is categorized as an Alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. The city is home to the world's tallest tower, Tokyo Skytree, and the world's largest underground floodwater diversion facility, the Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel in Kasukabe, Saitama, a Tokyo suburb. The Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, which opened in 1927, is the oldest underground metro line in East Asia. Tokyo is recognized as one of the world's most livable cities; it was ranked fourth in the world in Global Livability Ranking, published in 2021. Japan is divided into 47 prefectures , which rank immediately below the national government and form the country's first level of jurisdiction and administrative division. They include 43 prefectures proper , two urban prefectures , one regional prefecture and one metropolis . In 1868, the Meiji Fuhanken sanchisei administration created the first prefectures to replace the urban and rural administrators in the parts of the country previously controlled directly by the shogunate and a few territories of rebels/shogunate loyalists who had not submitted to the new government such as Aizu/Wakamatsu. In 1871, all remaining feudal domains were also transformed into prefectures, so that prefectures subdivided the whole country. In several waves of territorial consolidation, today's 47 prefectures were formed by the turn of the century. In many instances, these are contiguous with the ancient ritsuryo provinces of Japan. Under a set of 1888-1890 laws on local government until the 1920s, each prefecture was subdivided into cities and districts and each district into towns and villages . Hokkaido has 14 subprefectures that act as General Subprefectural Bureaus and Subprefectural Bureaus of the prefecture. Some other prefectures also have branch offices that carry out prefectural administrative functions outside the capital. Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is a merged city-prefecture; a metropolis, it has features of both cities and prefectures. The West's use of "prefecture" to label these Japanese regions stems from 16th-century Portuguese explorers and traders use of "prefeitura" to describe the fiefdoms they encountered there. Its original sense in Portuguese, however, was closer to "municipality" than "province". Today, in turn, Japan uses its word ken , meaning "prefecture", to identify Portuguese districts while in Brazil the word "Prefeitura" is used to refer to a city hall. Those fiefs were headed by a local warlord or family. Though the fiefs have long since been dismantled, merged, and reorganized multiple times, and been granted legislative governance and oversight, the rough translation stuck. Tokyo 4th district is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the national Diet of Japan. It is located in Southeast Tokyo and consists much of Ota Ward The seat is held by Masaaki Taira, a member of the Liberal Democratic Party since 2012. Tokyo 18th District is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It is located in Western Tokyo and consists of the cities of Musashino, Koganei and Fuchu. Until 2002, it included Mitaka instead of Fuchu. As of 2016, 436,338 eligible voters were registered in the district. From its creation to 2012, the district was represented by former Prime Minister and popular Democratic Party co-founder Naoto Kan. In the election of 2005 it was the only constituency the opposition could defend in Tokyo against the landslide for Junichiro Koizumi's ruling coalition. In 2003, then party chairman Kan beat former Minister of Labour Kunio Hatoyama, the younger brother of Democratic Party leader Yukio Hatoyama by a margin of more than 50,000 votes. In the election of 2009, Masatada Tsuchiya was the candidate for the ruling LDP. Tsuchiya who failed to unseat Kan in 2005 was a representative for the Tokyo proportional representation block where he ranked second on the LDP's list 2005. In 2009 he failed to secure reelection in the Tokyo block. Kan was elected president of the then ruling Democratic Party again in 2010 shortly before the 2010 House of Councillors election; but his cabinet resigned after only 15 months. In the 2012 House of Representatives election, Kan lost Tokyo 18th district to Masatada Tsuchiya by more than 10,000 votes; ranking third on the Democratic proportional list in Tokyo , he gained the last of the three Democratic seats in the Tokyo proportional block behind Banri Kaieda and Jin Matsubara. Kan joined the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan before the 2017 general election and regained the seat. Tsuchiya lost his seat even with his high sekihairitsu as he did not run for the proportional block. In 2021 Kan was challenged by a former DPJ lawmaker, Akihisa Nagashima, who had joined the LDP. Kan managed to hold his seat in a tight race that received national attention. The Tokyo 3rd district is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan . It is located in Tokyo and covers parts of the former city of Tokyo and Tokyo's outlying islands. The district consists of the wards of Shinagawa and parts of Ota, the towns of Oshima and Hachijo and the villages of Toshima, Niijima, Kozushima, Miyake, Mikurajima, Aogashima and Ogasawara. As of 2012, 482,494 eligible voters were registered in the district. Former representative from the Tokyo 3rd district was Hirotaka Ishihara , the son of former prefectural governor and environment minister Shintaro Ishihara and brother of former environment minister Nobuteru Ishihara . In 2012, Ishihara narrowly beat incumbent Jin Matsubara who began his political career in 1985 as a candidate for the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly for the New Liberal Club and later represented Ota in the Metropolitan Assembly as an independent with Zekin-to support, subsequently joined the LDP, the Japan Renewal Party , the New Frontier Party , the Liberal Party, the Good Governance Party and finally the Democratic Party in 1998. Tokyo 2nd district is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan . It is located in eastern mainland Tokyo and covers central parts of the former Tokyo City. The district consists of the wards of Chuo, Bunkyo and Taito. As of 2012, 424,273 eligible voters were registered in the district. Before the electoral reform of 1994, the area formed Tokyo 8th district where two Representatives had been elected by single non-transferable vote. The current Representative for the 2nd district is Liberal Democrat Kiyoto Tsuji who won in the 2012 Representatives election with less than a third of the vote. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Tokyo 8th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 8th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 8th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo At-large district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo At-large district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo At-large district <p> instance of <o> electoral unit <s> Tokyo proportional representation block <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo proportional representation block <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 22nd district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 22nd district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 22nd district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 6th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 6th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 6th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Category:Maps of Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> Tokyo <s> Category:Maps of Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Category:Maps of Tokyo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Tokyo-related lists <p> category combines topics <o> Tokyo <s> Category:Tokyo-related lists <p> category combines topics <o> Wikimedia list article <s> Category:Tokyo-related lists <p> category contains <o> Wikimedia list article <s> Category:Tokyo-related lists <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia lists category <s> Tokyo 12th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 12th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 12th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 25th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 25th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 25th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 9th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 9th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 9th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo </Graph>

<Text> :Tokyo 8th district is a single-member constituency of the House of Representatives in the national Diet of Japan. It is located in western part of former Tokyo City and is almost coterminous with Suginami Ward . The district was created in 1994 as part of an electoral reform effort in the Japanese House of Representatives, and was first implemented in the 1996 general election. From the creation of the district until 2021, the only representative for the district was Nobuteru Ishihara, a former LDP secretary-general and Minister of the Environment who headed his own faction and is the son of Shintaro Ishihara former Governor of Tokyo. Ishihara lost the seat to Harumi Yoshida, a university professor, in the 2021 elections. Taro Yamamoto, leader of the Reiwa Shinsengumi, had announced he'd run in the district, but he bowed out and endorsed Yoshida. The 8th district is featured in the fifth season of the anime Aggretsuko, with the main character Retsuko running for election to the district for the Rage Party against her boyfriend Haida's brother Jiro to succeed his father Juzo. Tokyo at-large district is an electoral district of the House of Councillors in the National Diet, the national legislature of Japan. The district was created in 1947 by the new Constitution of Japan and sent 8 members to the House from 1947 until 2007. From 2007 until 2016, this district sent 10 members to the House, and from 2016 onwards, the district has sent 12 councillors to the House, making it by far the largest constituency in the House of Councillors. The Tokyo proportional representation block ), or more formally the proportional representation tier "Tokyo Metropolis electoral district" , is one of eleven proportional representation "blocks", multi-member constituencies for the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It consists solely of the prefecture of Tokyo making it one of two blocks covering only one prefecture, the other being Hokkaido. Following the introduction of proportional voting Tokyo elected 19 representatives by PR in the 1996 general election, and 17 since the election of 2000 when the total number of PR seats was reduced from 200 to 180. Beyond remote parts of Western Tokyo on the mainland and the Izu and Ogasawara islands, Tokyo's population is concentrated in urban and suburban areas. Reformist and left-of-center parties have usually won a majority of votes and seats. In the landslide "postal privatization" election of 2005 though, the LDP won a record 2.6 million votes in Tokyo; it would have received eight seats but hadn't nominated enough candidates: Of its 30 PR list candidates, 24 concurrently ran in single-member districts as dual candidates; 23 won their district races, leaving only a total of seven list candidates to be elected by PR. One seat went to the SDP as it would have been assigned a hypothetical, 18th seat under the d'Hondt method. Tokyo 22nd District is an electoral district of the Japanese House of Representatives. The district was created in 1994 as part of the move to single-member constituencies, and it is currently represented by the Liberal Democratic Party's Tatsuya Ito. Tokyo 6th district is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan . It is located in Tokyo, and consists of major parts of the City of Setagaya, one of Tokyo's 23 special wards. With 2.18 times as many voters as Tokushima's 1st district, it had the lowest electoral weight throughout Japan in the election of 2005. In 2007 the Supreme Court dismissed a claim that the election in this and other Tokyo districts was unconstitutional and thus invalid. As of September 2012, 486,353 eligible voters were registered in the district, giving them the third lowest electoral weight in the country. Before the electoral reform of 1994, Setagaya was part of Tokyo 3rd district, a three-member single non-transferable vote constituency. The post-reform single-member constituencies were used in the 1996 election for the first time. Since its creation, the urban district had been dominated by opposition candidates until the landslide "postal privatization" election of 2005 when Liberal Democratic candidate Takao Ochi was able to defeat Democratic incumbent Yoko Komiyama by a slim margin. Komiyama was reelected via the Tokyo proportional representation block and ran again in Tokyo 6th district in the election of 2009. In 2012, Ochi received only less than a third of the vote but retook the district as the opposition to the LDP splintered. After Democratic representative Koki Ishii had been stabbed to death in 2002 by a rightwing activist, a by-election was held on April 27, 2003. Tokyo 25th district is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. It is located in the westernmost part of Tokyo prefecture. In of 2012, 321,319 eligible voters were registered in the district giving it the highest vote weight in Tokyo - several districts in former Tokyo city in Eastern Tokyo have more than 450,000 voters - but still more than 1.5 times as many voters as the least populated electoral districts in Japan. The district covers the mostly rural Nishitama District as well as the cities of Ome, Fussa, Akiruno and Hamura. After redistricting in 2017 the city of Akishima was transferred to the 25th district from the Tokyo 21st district. Since its creation, Tokyo 25th district has been a relatively safe seat for the Liberal Democratic Party and withstood the landslide Democratic victory in the 2009 general election. Its first representative, former defence minister Yozo Ishikawa ) who had represented the pre-reform 11th district since 1976, was succeeded by Shinji Inoue , a former MLIT bureaucrat. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Tokyo 11th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 11th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 11th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 5th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 5th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 5th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 7th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 7th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 7th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 10th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 10th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 10th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 1st district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 1st district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 1st district <p> country <o> Japan <s> demographics of Tokyo <p> country <o> Japan <s> demographics of Tokyo <p> location <o> Tokyo <s> demographics of Tokyo <p> instance of <o> demographics of country or region <s> demographics of Tokyo <p> subclass of <o> demographics of Japan <s> Tokyo 30th district <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo 30th district <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo 30th district <p> instance of <o> district of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Tokyo 30th district <p> instance of <o> electoral unit <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> day in year for periodic occurrence <o> June 15 <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> executive body <o> Chiba Prefectural Government <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> country <o> Japan <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Japan <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Pacific Ocean <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tokyo Bay <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Tokyo <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba at-large district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Chiba prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> located in time zone <o> Japan Standard Time <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Podocarpus macrophyllus <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Meadow Bunting <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Bōsō Peninsula <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Chiba prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Kantō Plain <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wisconsin <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Chiba Prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> office held by head of government <o> governor of Chiba Prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> archives at <o> Chiba Prefectural Archives <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> red seabream <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Düsseldorf <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pará <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Inba Prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Niihari Prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Kisarazu Prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> public holiday <o> Chiba Prefectural Citizens' Day <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> instance of <o> prefecture of Japan <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> language used <o> New Tokyo dialect <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> language used <o> Bōshū dialect <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba 1st district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba 6th district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba 11th district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba 9th district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba 8th district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba 13th district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba 2nd district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba 5th district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba 12th district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba 10th district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba 3rd district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba 7th district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Chiba 4th district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Saitama Prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Chiba <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Chiba prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Chiba prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Ibaraki Prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Chiba Prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chiba <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Nanohana <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichihara <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nagareyama <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> language used <o> Chiba dialect <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichikawa <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Urayasu <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> capital <o> Chiba <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> highest point <o> Mount Atago <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Narashino <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Narita <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Funabashi <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Abiko <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> history of topic <o> history of Chiba Prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Chiba prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> mascot <o> CHI-BA+KUN <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> territory overlaps <o> Bōsō <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kisarazu <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yachiyo <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kashiwa <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Matsudo <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamagaya <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Inba district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sodegaura <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Onjuku <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamogawa <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Futtsu <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mobara <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asahi <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Inzai <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Noda <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Togane <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakura <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yotsukaido <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kimitsu <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yachimata <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tomisato <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Choshi <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Katsuura <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shiroi <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Katori district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mutsuzawa <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shisui <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Isumi <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tateyama <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Katori <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamiboso <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sosa <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakae <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kujukuri <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tako <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chosei <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kozaki <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sanbu district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Oamishirasato <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chonan <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Awa district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sanmu <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Isumi district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichinomiya <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shibayama <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kyonan <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tonosho <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Otaki <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> anthem <o> Chiba Kenminka <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yokoshibahikari <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chosei District <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shirako <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nagara <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> named after <o> Chiba district <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> head of government <o> Toshihito Kumagai <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> flag <o> flag of Chiba prefecture <s> Chiba Prefecture <p> legislative body <o> Chiba Prefectural Assembly <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> country <o> Japan <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Pacific Ocean <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> named after <o> Tokyo <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> has part(s) <o> Tochigi Prefecture <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> has part(s) <o> Tokyo <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> has part(s) <o> Chiba Prefecture <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> has part(s) <o> Kanagawa Prefecture <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> has part(s) <o> Ibaraki Prefecture <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> has part(s) <o> Saitama Prefecture <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> instance of <o> metropolitan area <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> instance of <o> capital region <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> has part(s) <o> Gunma Prefecture <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> has part(s) <o> Yamanashi Prefecture <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> part of <o> list of metropolitan areas by population <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> part of <o> three major metropolitan areas in Japan <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> part of <o> five major metropolitan areas in Japan <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Greater Tokyo Area <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> language used <o> New Tokyo dialect <s> Greater Tokyo Area <p> has list <o> list of definitions of Tokyo area <s> Template:Tokyo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia navigational template <s> Template:Tokyo <p> template has topic <o> Tokyo </Graph>

<Text> :Tokyo's 11th district is an electoral district of the House of Representatives, the lower house of Japan's National Diet. The district was established in 1994 as part of the move to single-member districts, and since its first election in 1996 it has only been held by the Liberal Democratic Party's Hakubun Shimomura. Tokyo 7th district is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan. The district is in central Tokyo City and encompasses the entire Shibuya ward, parts of Nakano, Shinagawa and Meguro wards as well as a small part of Suginami. The district is considered a stronghold for former Health Minister Akira Nagatsuma, who grew into prominence from investigating the 2007 pensions mishandling scandal and wider misuse of public funds. Nagatsuma has been elected almost continuously since 2000, save for the 2005 Koizumi landslide where he was only returned through the proportional representation block. Nagatsuma regained the district in the 2009 landslide that brought the Democratic Party of Japan into power. Despite facing strong headwinds in the 2012 and 2014 LDP landslide, he managed to hold on to his seat. He was the only opposition lawmaker winning a single-seat constituency in Tokyo in the 2014 election. Nagatsuma retained his seat in the 2017 election that was preceded by a split in the Democratic Party . Nagatsuma along with liberal-leaning members of the DP like Yukio Edano and Hirotaka Akamatsu founded the CDP. He was challenged in the election by his regular LDP rival Fumiaki Matsumoto. The party housing conservative former DP members, Kibo no To also fielded a candidate. Akihiro Araki, the husband of Tomin First no Kai leader Chiharu Araki, was chosen to contest the seat for Kibo. Nagatsuma comfortably won his seat and increased his majority amidst a CDP surge that also resulted in gains by the party across Tokyo. Tokyo 10th district is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan . As of 2012, 351,821 eligible voters were registered in the district. It covers northwestern parts of the former city of Tokyo. Originally it consisted of the ward of Toshima and parts of Nerima, but after redistricting in 2017 it comprises parts of four wards, Toshima, Nerima, Nakano and Shinjuku. Before the electoral reform of 1994, the area had been part of Tokyo 5th district where three Representatives had been elected by single non-transferable vote. Until her successful gubernatorial bid in 2016, Liberal Democrat Yuriko Koike had represented the district. Koike, formerly a representative for Hyogo 6th district, had taken over Tokyo 10th district in 2005 as one of Jun'ichiro Koizumi's "female assassins" to take out postal privatization rebel Koki Kobayashi. In the landslide election of 2009, she lost the district to Takako Ebata , one of the so-called "Ozawa girls" , a group of female first-time candidates handpicked by DPJ ex-chairman Ichiro Ozawa. Tokyo 1st district is a constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan . It is located in eastern mainland Tokyo and covers central parts of the former city of Tokyo. The district consists of the wards of Chiyoda, Minato and Shinjuku. As of 2016, 514,974 eligible voters were registered in the district. After redistricting in 2017, a part of Shinjuku was moved to the Tokyo 10th district and a part of Minato was moved to the Tokyo 2nd district. Before the electoral reform of 1994, the area had been part of Tokyo 1st district where three Representatives had been elected by single non-transferable vote. The two main candidates contesting the 1st district until 2009, Banri Kaieda and Kaoru Yosano , had represented the old multi-member 1st district of Tokyo. In 2012, Yosano retired, and LDP newcomer Miki Yamada narrowly beat Kaieda who was re-elected to a proportional seat leading the Democratic list in Tokyo with a sekihairitsu of 98.6%. Tokyo , officially the Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital of Japan and one of the most populous cities in the world with a population of over 14 million residents as of 2023. The Tokyo metropolitan area, which includes Tokyo and nearby prefectures, is the world's most-populous metropolitan area with 40.8 million residents as of 2023, and is the second-largest metropolitan economy in the world after New York, with a 2022 gross metropolitan product estimated at US$2.08 trillion . Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, Tokyo is part of the Kanto region on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Japan's economic center and the seat of both the Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government administers Tokyo's central 23 special wards , various commuter towns and suburbs in its western area, and two outlying island chains known as the Tokyo Islands. Despite most of the world knowing Tokyo as a city, since 1943 its governing structure has been more akin to a prefecture, with an accompanying Governor and Assembly taking precedence over the smaller municipal governments which make up the metropolis. Prior to the 17th century, Tokyo was predominantly a fishing village and was named Edo. In 1603, however, the city ascended to political prominence after being named the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate. By the mid-18th century, Edo emerged as one of the world's most-populous cities with a population of over one million people. Following the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the imperial capital in Kyoto was moved to Edo, and the city was renamed Tokyo . In 1923, Tokyo was damaged substantially by the Great Kanto earthquake, and the city was later badly damaged by allied bombing raids during World War II in retaliation for Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Beginning in the mid-20th century, Tokyo underwent rapid reconstruction and expansion that contributed to the era's so-called Japanese economic miracle in which Japan's economy propelled to the second-largest in the world behind that of the United States. Tokyo is also part of an industrial region that spans from Yokohama and Kawasaki to Chiba. As of 2023, the city is home to 29 of the world's largest 500 companies listed in the annual Fortune Global 500. In 2020, Tokyo ranked fourth on the Global Financial Centres Index behind New York City, London, and Shanghai. Tokyo is categorized as an Alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. The city is home to the world's tallest tower, Tokyo Skytree, and the world's largest underground floodwater diversion facility, the Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel in Kasukabe, Saitama, a Tokyo suburb. The Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, which opened in 1927, is the oldest underground metro line in East Asia. Tokyo is recognized as one of the world's most livable cities; it was ranked fourth in the world in Global Livability Ranking, published in 2021. Tokyo 30th District is an electoral district of the Japanese House of Representatives. The district was established in 2022 and will elect its first member in the 2025 general election. Chiba Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kanto region of Honshu. Chiba Prefecture has a population of 6,278,060 and has a geographic area of 5,157 km2 . Chiba Prefecture borders Ibaraki Prefecture to the north, Saitama Prefecture to the northwest, and Tokyo to the west. Chiba is the capital and largest city of Chiba Prefecture, with other major cities including Funabashi, Matsudo, Ichikawa and Kashiwa. Chiba Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast to the east of Tokyo, and is part of the Greater Tokyo Area, the most populous metropolitan area in the world. Chiba Prefecture largely consists of the Boso Peninsula, which encloses the eastern side of Tokyo Bay and separates it from Kanagawa Prefecture. Chiba Prefecture is home to Narita International Airport, the Tokyo Disney Resort, and the Keiyo Industrial Zone. The name of Chiba Prefecture in Japanese is formed from two kanji characters. The first, Qian , means "thousand" and the second, Xie means "leaf". The name first appears as an ancient kuni no miyatsuko, or regional command office, as the Chiba Kuni no Miyatsuko . The name was adopted by a branch of the Taira clan, which moved to the area in present-day Chiba City in the late Heian period. The branch of the Taira adopted the name and became the Chiba clan, and held strong influence over the area of the prefecture until the Azuchi-Momoyama period. The name "Chiba" was chosen for the prefecture at the time its creation in 1873 by the Assembly of Prefectural Governors , an early Meiji-period body of prefectural governors that met to decide the structure of local and regional administration in Japan. The compound word Keiyo , which refers to the Tokyo-Chiba region, is formed from the second character in Tokyo , and the second character in Chiba , which can also be pronounced "kei" and "yo" respectively. This compound is used in terms such as the Keiyo Line, Keiyo Road, Keiyo Rinkai Railway Rinkai Main Line, and the Keiyo Industrial Zone. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world, consisting of the Kanto region of Japan as well as the prefecture of Yamanashi of the neighboring Chubu region. In Japanese, it is referred to by various terms, one of the most common being Capital Region . As of 2016, the United Nations estimates the total population at 38,140,000. It covers an area of approximately 13,500 km2 , giving it a population density of 2,642 people/km2. It is the second-largest single metropolitan area in the world in terms of built-up or urban function landmass at 8,547 km2 , behind only the New York City metropolitan area at 11,642 km2 . Only the New York metropolitan area exceeds the US$2 trillion GDP of the Tokyo metropolitan area. There are various definitions of the Greater Tokyo Area, each of which tries to incorporate different aspects. Some definitions are clearly defined by law or government regulation, some are based coarsely on administrative areas, while others are for research purposes such as commuting patterns or distance from Central Tokyo. Each definition has a different population figure, granularity, methodology, and spatial association. Notes and sources: All figures issued by Japan Statistics Bureau, except for Metro Employment Area, a study by Center for Spatial Information Service, the University of Tokyo. Abbreviations: CF for National Census Final Data , CR for Civil Registry , CP for Census Preliminary. This template's initial visibility currently defaults to autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page , it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> country <o> Japan <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> historical region <o> Edo <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> significant event <o> Bombing of Tokyo <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Meguro-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Nakano <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Sumida-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Kita-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) of the class <o> special ward of Japan <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> continent <o> Asia <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> instance of <o> city <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Toshima-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Taitō-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Nerima-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> coextensive with <o> Tokyo City <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Shinagawa-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> part of <o> Kantō region <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Chūō-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Shibuya-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Bunkyo <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Minato <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Shinjuku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Adachi-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Chiyoda-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Edogawa-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Setagaya-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Ota <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Arakawa-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Suginami-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Katsushika-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Koto <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> located in time zone <o> Japan Standard Time <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Itabashi-ku <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> part of <o> three major cities in Japan <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> part of <o> Minami-Kantō <s> ward area of Tokyo <p> shares border with <o> Western Tokyo <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> country <o> Japan <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Japan <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> located in time zone <o> Japan Standard Time <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Iwatsuki Domain <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> archives at <o> Saitama Prefectural Archives <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Oshi Domain <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> highest point <o> Mount Sanpō <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Eurasian Collared Dove <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Pungitius <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Zelkova serrata <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Saitama Prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> public holiday <o> Saitama Residents' Day <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Saitama <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Saitama prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Primula sieboldii <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Neozephyrus japonicus <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> language used <o> Saitama dialect <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ohio <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Saitama Prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brandenburg <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Saitama prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 3rd district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 14th district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 4th district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 13th district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 11th district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 10th district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 5th district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 2nd district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 7th district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 6th district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 12th district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 15th district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 1st district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Queensland <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Tochigi Prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Chiba Prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shanxi <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> State of Mexico <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kumagaya <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chiang Mai <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kuki <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> mascot <o> Kobaton <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Kumagaya Prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Urawa Prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> instance of <o> prefecture of Japan <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Tokyo <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> office held by head of government <o> governor of Saitama Prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> capital <o> Saitama <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Saitama <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kawagoe <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokorozawa <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Ibaraki Prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> official language <o> Japanese <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Niiza <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> motto <o> Sai no Kuni <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 8th district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama At-large district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Saitama 9th district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chichibu <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Saitama Prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ageo <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kasukabe <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Nagano Prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kawaguchi <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fujimi <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asaka <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Okegawa <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Gunma Prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wako <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Warabi <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Saitama prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Saitama prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fukaya <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Yamanashi Prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hanno <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakado <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kazo <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toda <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Konosu <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hasuda <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Misato <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Koshigaya <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hanyu <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sayama <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Iruma <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Soka <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashimatsuyama <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsurugashima <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yashio <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yoshikawa <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Honjo <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitamoto <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gyoda <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Satte <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shiki <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hidaka <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chichibu district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hiki district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Iruma district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitaadachi district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fujimino <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> MinamiSaitama district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kodama district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitakatsushika district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Osato District <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> anthem <o> Saitama Kenminka <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> anthem <o> Saitama Kenka <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> named after <o> Saitama district <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> head of government <o> Motohiro Ōno <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> named after <o> Sakitama Kofun Cluster <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shiraoka <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> flag <o> flag of Saitama prefecture <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> legislative body <o> Saitama Prefectural Assembly <s> Saitama Prefecture <p> executive body <o> Saitama Prefectural Government <s> Shibuya-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Shibuya-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Shibuya-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Shibuya-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Shibuya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Setagaya-ku <s> Shibuya-ku <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> Shibuya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Shinjuku <s> Shibuya-ku <p> located in time zone <o> Japan Standard Time <s> Shibuya-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 7th district <s> Shibuya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Suginami-ku <s> Shibuya-ku <p> official symbol <o> Zelkova serrata <s> Shibuya-ku <p> official symbol <o> Iris ensata var. ensata <s> Shibuya-ku <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Shibuya <s> Shibuya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Meguro-ku <s> Shibuya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Shinagawa-ku <s> Shibuya-ku <p> has part(s) <o> Shibuya <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains settlement <o> Shibuya <s> Shibuya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Nakano <s> Shibuya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Minato <s> Shibuya-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Shibuya-ku <p> head of government <o> Ken Hasebe <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishihara (Shibuya) <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dōgenzaka <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hachiyamachō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shibuya <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Uguisudanichō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sendagaya <s> Shibuya-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Shibuya-ku <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Musashino Plateau <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Daikanyamachō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nanpeidaichō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Udagawachō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hatagaya <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Uehara <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shōtō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ebisu-Minami <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ebisu-Nishi <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yoyogi <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yoyogi-Kamizonochō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hatsudai <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakuragaokachō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōyamachō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Maruyamachō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sarugakuchō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamiyamachō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tomigaya <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jinnan <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Moto-Yoyogichō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinsenchō <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yoyogi-Uehara <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Honmachi <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jingūmae <s> Shibuya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sasazuka <s> Shibuya-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Shibuya <s> Shibuya-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Shibuya-ku <p> headquarters location <o> Shibuya City Hall <s> Category:People from Tokyo Metropolis <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Tokyo Metropolis <p> category combines topics <o> Tokyo <s> Category:People from Tokyo Metropolis <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Tokyo Metropolis <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:Films shot in Tokyo <p> category contains <o> film <s> Category:Films shot in Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> filming location <s> Category:Films shot in Tokyo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Films shot in Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> Tokyo <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> country <o> Japan <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Acer <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Iowa <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saône-et-Loire <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Japan <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Minas Gerais <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Alps <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hokuto <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chuo <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> North Chungcheong <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Serow <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> coextensive with <o> Kai Province <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> instance of <o> prefecture of Japan <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Yamanashi <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Kanagawa Prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Ichikawa Prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Isawa Prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Fuchū Prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Yamanashi prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Yamanashi prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Japanese Bush Warbler <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Yamanashi 1st district <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sichuan <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsuru <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> language used <o> Gunnai dialect <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> language used <o> Kōshū dialect <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Saitama Prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Prunus incisa <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Yamanashi Prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Yamanashi at-large district <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Yamanashi 2nd district <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Yamanashi 3rd district <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> legislative body <o> Yamanashi Prefectural Assembly <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> executive body <o> Yamanashi prefectural government <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Nagano Prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Honshu <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> has part(s) <o> Kuninaka <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> has part(s) <o> Gunnai <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> visitor center <o> Yamanashi Tourism Organization <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> flag <o> flag of Yamanashi prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> highest point <o> Kengamine Peak <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Yamanashi prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Yamanashi prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> capital <o> Kofu <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fuefuki <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yamanashi <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Yamanashi Prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamikoma district <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Shizuoka Prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kofu <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> located in time zone <o> Japan Standard Time <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> office held by head of government <o> governor of Yamanashi Prefecture <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Tokyo <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Koshu <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nirasaki <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> foods traditionally associated <o> awabi no nigai <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Uenohara <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Otsuki <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakakoma district <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitatsuru district <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamitsuru district <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishiyatsushiro district <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> foods traditionally associated <o> hōtō <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> head of government <o> Hitoshi Goto <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> anthem <o> Yamanashi-ken no Uta <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fujiyoshida <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kai <s> Yamanashi Prefecture <p> named after <o> Yamanashi district <s> Minami-Kantō <p> has part(s) <o> Tokyo <s> Minami-Kantō <p> has part(s) <o> Chiba Prefecture <s> Minami-Kantō <p> country <o> Japan <s> Minami-Kantō <p> has part(s) <o> Saitama Prefecture <s> Minami-Kantō <p> has part(s) <o> Kanagawa Prefecture <s> Minami-Kantō <p> opposite of <o> Kita-Kantō <s> Minami-Kantō <p> part of <o> Kantō region <s> Minami-Kantō <p> instance of <o> region of Japan <s> Japan Standard Time <p> country <o> Japan <s> Japan Standard Time <p> named after <o> Japan <s> Japan Standard Time <p> instance of <o> time zone <s> Japan Standard Time <p> continent <o> Asia <s> Japan Standard Time <p> said to be the same as <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Japan Standard Time <p> named after <o> standard time <s> Japan Standard Time <p> part of <o> Timezones in Japan <s> Mount Kumotori <p> country <o> Japan <s> Mount Kumotori <p> instance of <o> mountain <s> Mount Kumotori <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Chichibu <s> Mount Kumotori <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Okutama <s> Mount Kumotori <p> part of <o> 100 Famous Kantō Mountains <s> Mount Kumotori <p> part of <o> Tama 100 Mountains <s> Mount Kumotori <p> part of <o> New 100 Famous Japanese Mountains <s> Mount Kumotori <p> part of <o> 100 Famous Yamanashi mountains <s> Mount Kumotori <p> part of <o> Hana no Hyaku Meizan <s> Mount Kumotori <p> part of <o> New 100 Famous Flower Mountains <s> Mount Kumotori <p> part of <o> 100 Famous First Order Triangulation Station Mountains <s> Mount Kumotori <p> part of <o> 100 Famous Japanese Mountains <s> Mount Kumotori <p> part of <o> Mount Mitsumine <s> Mount Kumotori <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tabayama <s> Mount Kumotori <p> located in protected area <o> Chichibu Tama Kai National Park <s> Mount Kumotori <p> mountain range <o> Okuchichibu Mountains <s> Mount Kumotori <p> category for the view from the item <o> Category:Views from Mount Kumotori <s> Mount Kumotori <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Chichibu Mountains <s> Western Tokyo <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Western Tokyo <p> country <o> Japan <s> Western Tokyo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashiyamato <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Musashimurayama <s> Western Tokyo <p> instance of <o> geographic region <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chofu <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fuchū <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Komae <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishitama district <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitatama district <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamitama district <s> Western Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Hachioji <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hachioji <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akishima <s> Western Tokyo <p> has part(s) <o> Okuchichibu Mountains <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ome <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akiruno <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kodaira <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hino <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Koganei <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashimurayama <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hamura <s> Western Tokyo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Western Tokyo <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tama <s> Western Tokyo <p> territory overlaps <o> Tama <s> Western Tokyo <p> shares border with <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kokubunji <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishitokyo <s> Western Tokyo <p> category for people born here <o> Category:People from Western Tokyo <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashikurume <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Musashino <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Machida <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fussa <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tachikawa <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mitaka <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Inagi <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kiyose <s> Western Tokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kunitachi </Graph>

<Text> :Saitama Prefecture is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kanto region of Honshu. Saitama Prefecture has a population of 7,338,536 and has a geographic area of 3,797 km2 . Saitama Prefecture borders Tochigi Prefecture and Gunma Prefecture to the north, Nagano Prefecture to the west, Yamanashi Prefecture to the southwest, Tokyo to the south, Chiba Prefecture to the southeast, and Ibaraki Prefecture to the northeast. The area that would become Saitama Prefecture in the 19th century is part of Musashi Province in the Ritsuryo Imperial administration of antiquity capital area provinces /7 circuits system) which was nominally revived in the Meiji restoration but has lost much of its administrative function since the Middle Ages. Saitama District was one of Musashi's 21 ritsuryo districts. The Saitama area was historically known as a fertile agricultural region which produced much of the food for the Kanto region. During the Edo period, many fudai daimyos ruled small domains within the Saitama area. At the end of the early modern Edo period, large parts of present-day Saitama were part of the shogunate domain or the often subsumed holdings of smaller vassals around Edo, major areas were part of the fiefdoms Kawagoe , Oshi and Iwatsuki ; few territories were held by domains seated in other provinces. Shibuya is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. A major commercial and finance center, Shibuya houses two of the busiest railway stations in the world, Shibuya Station and Shinjuku Station. As of April 1, 2022, Shibuya Ward has an estimated population of 228,906 and a population density of 15,149.30 people per km2 . The total area is 15.11 km2 . Notable neighborhoods and districts of Shibuya include Harajuku, Ebisu, Omotesando, Yoyogi and Sendagaya. "Shibuya" is also commonly used to refer to the area surrounding Shibuya Station, an area known as a major center for Japanese fashion and youth culture, and one of Tokyo's most popular nightlife areas. Shibuya was historically the site of a castle in which the Shibuya family resided from the 11th century through the Edo period. Following the opening of the Yamanote Line in 1885, Shibuya began to emerge as a railway terminal for southwestern Tokyo and eventually as a major commercial and entertainment center. The village of Shibuya was incorporated in 1889 by the merger of the villages of Kami-Shibuya, Naka-Shibuya and Shimo-Shibuya within Minami-Toshima County . The village covered the territory of modern-day Shibuya Station area as well as the Hiroo, Daikanyama, Aoyama, and Ebisu areas. Shibuya became a town in 1909. The town of Shibuya merged with the neighboring towns of Sendagaya and Yoyohata to form Shibuya-ku suburban ward upon being absorbed into Tokyo City in 1932. Shibuya became an urban special ward under the Local Autonomy Act in 1947. The Tokyu Toyoko Line opened in 1932, making Shibuya a key terminal between Tokyo and Yokohama, and was joined by the forerunner of the Keio Inokashira Line in 1933 and the forerunner of the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line in 1938. One of the best-known stories concerning Shibuya is the story of Hachiko, a dog who waited on his late master at Shibuya Station every day from 1923 to 1935, eventually becoming a national celebrity for his loyalty. A statue of Hachiko was built adjacent to the station, and the surrounding Hachiko Square is now the most popular meeting point in the area.Yamanashi Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chubu region of Honshu. Yamanashi Prefecture has a population of 817,192 and has a geographic area of 4,465 km2 . Yamanashi Prefecture borders Saitama Prefecture to the northeast, Nagano Prefecture to the northwest, Shizuoka Prefecture to the southwest, Kanagawa Prefecture to the southeast, and Tokyo to the east. Kofu is the capital and largest city of Yamanashi Prefecture, with other major cities including Kai, Minamiarupusu, and Fuefuki. Yamanashi Prefecture is one of only eight landlocked prefectures, and the majority of the population lives in the central Kofu Basin surrounded by the Akaishi Mountains, with 27% of its total land area being designated as Natural Parks. Yamanashi Prefecture is home to many of the highest mountains in Japan, and Mount Fuji, the tallest mountain in Japan and cultural icon of the country, is partially located in Yamanashi Prefecture on the border with Shizuoka Prefecture. As in most other Japanese regions, prehistoric society in Yamanashi progressed through the hunting, fishing and gathering stage of the Jomon period, then the rice-producing stage of the Yayoi period and subsequent village and regional formation. The Maruyama and Choshizuka Kofun located on Sone Hill of Nakamichi Town are believed to have been built from the end of the 4th century. From these remains it can be assumed that the people of Sone Hill had great influence. Among the many Kaigenji generations, those of the Takeda, Ogasawara, and Nanbu families were particularly prosperous. During the Sengoku period of the 16th century, Takeda Shingen attained the status of daimyo and built Tsuzuji Mansion and the Yogai Castle in Kofu. From this base, he attempted to unify and control Japan. Japan Standard Time , or Japan Central Standard Time , is the standard time zone in Japan, 9 hours ahead of UTC . Japan does not observe daylight saving time, though its introduction has been debated on several occasions. During World War II, the time zone was often referred to as Tokyo Standard Time. Before the Meiji era , each local region had its own time zone in which noon was when the sun was exactly at its culmination. As modern transportation methods, such as trains, were adopted, this practice became a source of confusion. For example, there is a difference of about 5 degrees longitude between Tokyo and Osaka and because of this, a train that departed from Tokyo would arrive at Osaka 20 minutes behind the time in Tokyo. In 1886, Ordinance 51 was issued in response to this problem, which stated: According to this, the standard time was set 9 hours ahead of GMT . In the ordinance, the first clause mentions GMT, the second defines east longitude and west longitude and the third says the standard time zone would be in effect from 1888. The city of Akashi in Hyogo Prefecture is located exactly on 135 degrees east longitude and subsequently became known as Toki no machi . With the annexation of Taiwan in 1895, Ordinance 167 was issued to rename the previous Standard Time to Central Standard Time and establish a new Western Standard Time at 120deg longitude as the time zone for the Japanese Miyako and Yaeyama Islands, as well as Taiwan and its Penghu Islands. While Korea came under Japanese rule in 1910, Korea Standard Time of GMT+08:30 continued to be used until 1912, when it was changed to Central Standard Time. Mount Kumotori stands at the boundary of Tokyo, Saitama, and Yamanashi Prefectures on the island of Honshu, Japan. With an elevation of 2,017 metres , its summit is the highest point in Tokyo. It separates the Okutama Mountains and the Okuchichibu Mountains. While it marks the end of the Ishione mountain ridge that begins near the JR Oku-Tama Station, the highest mountain ridge in Tokyo, its remote location amongst a group of mountains from both mountain ranges makes access difficult. Kumotori-san features an "emergency" hut sometimes used by hikers as overnight shelter. Hikers not used to the altitude may prefer overnighting at a lower elevation. The top of Kumotori-san, in good weather, offers a splendid view of Mount Fuji. The prominence of the mountain in the region resulted in its summit being established as a fixed first-class triangulation point. As the triangulation point was established in December 1882, this was also one of the earliest ones established in Japan. Western Tokyo, known as the Tama area , Tama region or toka locally, in the Tokyo Metropolis consists of 30 ordinary municipalities , towns and one village ), unlike the eastern part which consists of 23 special wards. Before it was transferred to Tokyo in 1893, the Tama area, then also still often referred to as the "three Tama" had formed the Northern part of Kanagawa Prefecture. Whereas in the east of Tokyo Metropolis the 23 special wards occupy the area that was formerly Tokyo City, the west consists of 30 other ordinary municipalities: cities , towns and a village . Under the Ritsuryo system, Western Tokyo was part of Musashi Province. The provincial capital was at Fuchu. The provincial temple was at Kokubunji and the principal shrine was at Tama. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Buenos Aires <p> capital of <o> Argentina <s> Buenos Aires <p> country <o> Argentina <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Berlin <s> Buenos Aires <p> language used <o> Spanish <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> London <s> Buenos Aires <p> present in work <o> Civilization V <s> Buenos Aires <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Argentina <s> Buenos Aires <p> different from <o> Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−03:00 <s> Buenos Aires <p> different from <o> Buenos Aires Province <s> Buenos Aires <p> instance of <o> city <s> Buenos Aires <p> capital of <o> United Provinces of the Río de la Plata <s> Buenos Aires <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cairo <s> Buenos Aires <p> instance of <o> federal district <s> Buenos Aires <p> shares border with <o> Buenos Aires Province <s> Buenos Aires <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Buenos Aires <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> open data portal <o> Buenos Aires Data <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Istanbul <s> Buenos Aires <p> capital of <o> Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata <s> Buenos Aires <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Buenos Aires <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> part of <o> Greater Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Warsaw <s> Buenos Aires <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> São Paulo <s> Buenos Aires <p> instance of <o> largest city <s> Buenos Aires <p> instance of <o> administrative territorial entity <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Moscow <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 11 <s> Buenos Aires <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Buenos Aires <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Buenos Aires <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Buenos Aires <p> continent <o> Americas <s> Buenos Aires <p> history of topic <o> History of Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> instance of <o> autonomous city <s> Buenos Aires <p> instance of <o> primate city <s> Buenos Aires <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Buenos Aires <p> described by source <o> Catholic Encyclopedia <s> Buenos Aires <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beijing <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Prague <s> Buenos Aires <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montevideo <s> Buenos Aires <p> head of government <o> Horacio Rodríguez Larreta <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ohio <s> Buenos Aires <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> has part(s) <o> Dirección General del Libro, Bibliotecas y Promoción de la Lectura <s> Buenos Aires <p> office held by head of government <o> Head of Government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Buenos Aires <p> located in time zone <o> America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Athens <s> Buenos Aires <p> instance of <o> first-level administrative division <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Basilicata <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zagreb <s> Buenos Aires <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Buenos Aires <p> significant event <o> Siege of Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lisbon <s> Buenos Aires <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Calabria <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cagliari <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 12 <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 10 <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 15 <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 1 <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 4 <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 5 <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 7 <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 8 <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 3 <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 13 <s> Buenos Aires <p> named after <o> Our Lady of Bonaria <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kyiv <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bergamo <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Genoa <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mexico City <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Naples <s> Buenos Aires <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> La Paz <s> Buenos Aires <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> instance of <o> electoral unit <s> Buenos Aires <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> owner of <o> Teatro General San Martín <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lima <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yerevan <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barcelona <s> Buenos Aires <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Buenos Aires by place <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Palermo <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ottawa <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Belgrade <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santiago <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Andalusia <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Madrid <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rio de Janeiro <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Damascus <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bogotá <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beirut <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toulouse <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Quito <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cape Town <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brasília <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seoul <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Miami <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oviedo <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tel Aviv <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bilbao <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rotterdam <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cádiz <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santo Domingo <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barranquilla <s> Buenos Aires <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Río de la Plata <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Porto Alegre <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Salamanca <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Osaka <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vigo <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Medellín <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Newark <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ramallah <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Košice <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chimbote <s> Buenos Aires <p> flag <o> flag of Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 14 (Buenos Aires) <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 9 <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 2 <s> Buenos Aires <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Comuna 6 <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Guadix <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Serra Riccò <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Almería <s> Buenos Aires <p> award received <o> City of Design <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santa Cruz de La Palma <s> Buenos Aires <p> legislative body <o> Buenos Aires City Legislature <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lucca <s> Buenos Aires <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Buenos Aires <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Agrigento <s> Buenos Aires <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santiago de Compostela <s> Trieste <p> seismic classification <o> 3 <s> Trieste <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Trieste <s> Trieste <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Trieste <s> Trieste <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ljubljana <s> Trieste <p> capital of <o> Friuli Venezia Giulia <s> Trieste <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Trieste <p> country <o> Italy <s> Trieste <p> capital of <o> Province of Trieste <s> Trieste <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beirut <s> Trieste <p> different from <o> list of cities in Italy <s> Trieste <p> instance of <o> city <s> Trieste <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Trieste <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Trieste <p> shares border with <o> Duino-Aurisina <s> Trieste <p> shares border with <o> Monrupino <s> Trieste <p> twinned administrative body <o> Graz <s> Trieste <p> twinned administrative body <o> Venice <s> Trieste <p> instance of <o> port settlement <s> Trieste <p> public holiday <o> patronal festival <s> Trieste <p> shares border with <o> Muggia <s> Trieste <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Trieste <s> Trieste <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Trieste <s> Trieste <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Trieste <p> official language <o> Italian <s> Trieste <p> twinned administrative body <o> Le Havre <s> Trieste <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Trieste <s> Trieste <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Trieste <s> Trieste <p> twinned administrative body <o> Douala <s> Trieste <p> shares border with <o> Municipality of Hrpelje-Kozina <s> Trieste <p> part of <o> Friuli Venezia Giulia <s> Trieste <p> award received <o> Medal of Military Valour <s> Trieste <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> regional decentralization entity of Trieste <s> Trieste <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Trieste <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Trieste <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Trieste <p> patron saint <o> Justus of Trieste <s> Trieste <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Trieste <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Trieste <p> described by source <o> Topographia Provinciarum Austriacarum <s> Trieste <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nobile Contrada dell'Oca <s> Trieste <p> twinned administrative body <o> Southampton <s> Trieste <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rostock <s> Trieste <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santos <s> Trieste <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Trieste <s> Trieste <p> capital of <o> regional decentralization entity of Trieste <s> Trieste <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Trieste <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Trieste <p> shares border with <o> San Dorligo della Valle <s> Trieste <p> shares border with <o> Sgonico <s> Trieste <p> shares border with <o> Sežana <s> Trieste <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Trieste <s> Trieste <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Trieste <s> Birmingham <p> different from <o> Birmingham <s> Birmingham <p> located in time zone <o> UTC±00:00 <s> Birmingham <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Birmingham <p> described by source <o> Victoria History of the County of Warwick: Volume 7, the City of Birmingham <s> Birmingham <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Birmingham <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Birmingham <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Birmingham <s> Birmingham <p> capital of <o> West Midlands <s> Birmingham <p> capital of <o> Birmingham <s> Birmingham <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Birmingham <s> Birmingham <p> historic county <o> Warwickshire <s> Birmingham <p> historic county <o> Worcestershire <s> Birmingham <p> historic county <o> Staffordshire <s> Birmingham <p> instance of <o> city <s> Birmingham <p> different from <o> Birmingham <s> Birmingham <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Birmingham <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Birmingham <s> Birmingham <p> open data portal <o> Birmingham city Council Open Data <s> Birmingham <p> owner of <o> Alexander Stadium <s> Birmingham <p> country <o> United Kingdom <s> Birmingham <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Birmingham <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Birmingham <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Birmingham <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Birmingham <p> twinned administrative body <o> Frankfurt <s> Birmingham <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chicago <s> Birmingham <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Birmingham <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lyon <s> Birmingham <p> twinned administrative body <o> Leipzig <s> Birmingham <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Birmingham <p> list of monuments <o> Scheduled Monuments in Birmingham <s> Birmingham <p> official language <o> English <s> Birmingham <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Birmingham <s> Birmingham <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Birmingham <s> Birmingham <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Birmingham, West Midlands <s> Birmingham <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Birmingham, West Midlands <s> Birmingham <p> twinned administrative body <o> Guangzhou <s> Birmingham <p> twinned administrative body <o> Johannesburg <s> Birmingham <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Birmingham, West Midlands <s> Birmingham <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Birmingham <p> instance of <o> college town <s> Birmingham <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Birmingham <s> Birmingham <p> located in or next to body of water <o> River Tame <s> Birmingham <p> instance of <o> metropolis <s> Birmingham <p> twinned administrative body <o> Xi'an <s> Birmingham <p> instance of <o> unparished area <s> Birmingham <p> located in or next to body of water <o> River Rea <s> Birmingham <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tame Valley Canal <s> Birmingham <p> twinned administrative body <o> Changchun <s> Birmingham <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zaporizhzhia <s> Birmingham <p> head of government <o> Yvonne Mosquito <s> Birmingham <p> instance of <o> city of United Kingdom <s> Dublin <p> capital of <o> Republic of Ireland <s> Dublin <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Republic of Ireland <s> Dublin <p> country <o> Republic of Ireland <s> Dublin <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Dublin <s> Dublin <p> present in work <o> Civilization V <s> Dublin <p> different from <o> Dublin <s> Dublin <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Dublin <s> Dublin <p> present in work <o> Dubliners <s> Dublin <p> described by source <o> Catholic Encyclopedia <s> Dublin <p> located in time zone <o> UTC±00:00 <s> Dublin <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Dublin <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Dublin <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vilnius <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Dublin <p> historic county <o> County Dublin <s> Dublin <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Dublin <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Dublin <p> history of topic <o> history of Dublin <s> Dublin <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Dublin (city) <s> Dublin <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Dublin <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Dublin (city) <s> Dublin <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Dublin <s> Dublin <p> member of <o> World Tourism Cities Federation <s> Dublin <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Budapest <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bratislava <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beijing <s> Dublin <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barcelona <s> Dublin <p> significant event <o> Siege of Dublin <s> Dublin <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Dublin <s> Dublin <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Dublin <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Dublin <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kyiv <s> Dublin <p> office held by head of government <o> Lord Mayor of Dublin <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Jose <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Podgorica <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Guadalajara <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cirebon City <s> Dublin <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Dublin (city) by place <s> Dublin <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Dublin <s> Dublin <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> County Dublin <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Liverpool <s> Dublin <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Irish Sea <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Châteaudun <s> Dublin <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Royal Canal <s> Dublin <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Dublin <p> instance of <o> port settlement <s> Dublin <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yambol <s> Dublin <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Liffey <s> Dublin <p> located in or next to body of water <o> River Dodder <s> Dublin <p> instance of <o> largest city <s> Dublin <p> instance of <o> administrative city in the Republic of Ireland <s> Dublin <p> head of government <o> Paul McAuliffe <s> Dublin <p> legislative body <o> legislative body of Dublin City Council <s> Dublin <p> executive body <o> office of the Lord Mayor of Dublin <s> Category:Deaths in Milan <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Milan <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Milan <p> category combines topics <o> Milan <s> Category:Deaths in Milan <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Milan <p> opposite of <o> Category:Born in Milan <s> Frankfurt <p> language used <o> German <s> Frankfurt <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Frankfurt <p> owner of <o> Dominican Monastery <s> Frankfurt <p> owner of <o> Fraport <s> Frankfurt <p> owner of <o> Mainova <s> Frankfurt <p> owner of <o> Ballsporthalle Frankfurt am Main <s> Frankfurt <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Frankfurt <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dubai <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lyon <s> Frankfurt <p> member of <o> Climate Alliance <s> Frankfurt <p> member of <o> Landeswohlfahrtsverband Hessen <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Frankfurt <p> has list <o> list of people from Frankfurt <s> Frankfurt <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Frankfurt <p> member of <o> Mayors for Peace <s> Frankfurt <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region <s> Frankfurt <p> history of topic <o> history of Frankfurt am Main <s> Frankfurt <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Untermainebene <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica First Edition <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Leipzig <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cairo <s> Frankfurt <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Frankfurt <s> Frankfurt <p> country <o> Germany <s> Frankfurt <p> different from <o> Frankfurt (Oder) <s> Frankfurt <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Frankfurt <s> Frankfurt <p> part of <o> Stadtregion Frankfurt <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Frankfurt <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Upper Rhine Plain <s> Frankfurt <p> capital of <o> Confederation of the Rhine <s> Frankfurt <p> capital of <o> German Empire of 1848/1849 <s> Frankfurt <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Frankfurt <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Prague <s> Frankfurt <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Frankfurt am Main <s> Frankfurt <p> visitor center <o> Tourismus+Congress GmbH Frankfurt am Main <s> Frankfurt <p> category for honorary citizens of entity <o> Category:Honorary citizens of Frankfurt am Main <s> Frankfurt <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Frankfurt am Main <s> Frankfurt <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Frankfurt <s> Frankfurt <p> member of <o> International Association for Sports and Leisure Facilities <s> Frankfurt <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Frankfurt am Main <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> Regesta Imperii <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chennai <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Philadelphia <s> Frankfurt <p> member of <o> Hessischer Städtetag <s> Frankfurt <p> shares border with <o> Offenbach am Main <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Birmingham <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toronto <s> Frankfurt <p> owner of <o> Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund <s> Frankfurt <p> owner of <o> Stadion am Bornheimer Hang <s> Frankfurt <p> owner of <o> Waldstadion <s> Frankfurt <p> owner of <o> Palais Thurn und Taxis <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> Frankfurter Personenlexikon <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> Topographia Hassiae <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Frankfurt <p> open data portal <o> Offene Daten Frankfurt <s> Frankfurt <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Frankfurt <s> Frankfurt <p> shares border with <o> Main-Taunus-Kreis <s> Frankfurt <p> shares border with <o> Wetteraukreis <s> Frankfurt <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Frankfurt <s> Frankfurt <p> capital of <o> East Francia <s> Frankfurt <p> shares border with <o> Hochtaunuskreis <s> Frankfurt <p> instance of <o> European City <s> Frankfurt <p> instance of <o> college town <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yokohama <s> Frankfurt <p> shares border with <o> Main-Kinzig-Kreis <s> Frankfurt <p> shares border with <o> Offenbach <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Innenstadt III <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Innenstadt II <s> Frankfurt <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Eskişehir <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Mitte-West <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Mitte-Nord <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Nord-West <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Nord-Ost <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Süd <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Ost <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-West <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Bornheim/Ostend <s> Frankfurt <p> shares border with <o> Groß-Gerau <s> Frankfurt <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Main <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> The American Cyclopædia <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Frankfurt <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Frankfurt <p> award received <o> European City of the Trees <s> Frankfurt <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Frankfurt <s> Frankfurt <p> shares border with <o> Bad Vilbel <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Budapest <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Granada <s> Frankfurt <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Frankfurt <s> Frankfurt <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Darmstadt Government Region <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Guangzhou <s> Frankfurt <p> head of government <o> Mike Josef <s> Frankfurt <p> instance of <o> urban municipality in Germany <s> Frankfurt <p> instance of <o> urban district of Hesse <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Deuil-la-Barre <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kraków <s> Frankfurt <p> instance of <o> global city <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tel Aviv <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Nieder-Erlenbach <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Bergen-Enkheim <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Nieder-Eschbach <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Harheim <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Kalbach-Riedberg <s> Frankfurt <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jeddah <s> Frankfurt <p> instance of <o> financial centre <s> Frankfurt <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt-Innenstadt I <s> Ambrose <p> copyright status as a creator <o> copyrights on works have expired <s> Ambrose <p> writing language <o> Latin <s> Ambrose <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Latin <s> Ambrose <p> instance of <o> human <s> Ambrose <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Ancient Greek <s> Ambrose <p> work location <o> Milan <s> Ambrose <p> position held <o> bishop <s> Ambrose <p> occupation <o> Catholic bishop <s> Ambrose <p> occupation <o> Catholic priest <s> Ambrose <p> feast day <o> December 20 <s> Ambrose <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> Ambrose <p> feast day <o> December 7 <s> Ambrose <p> occupation <o> writer <s> Ambrose <p> religion or worldview <o> Catholic Church <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Ambrose <p> sibling <o> Satyrus of Milan <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> Catholic Encyclopedia <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Ambrose <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Ambrose <p> sibling <o> Saint Marcellina <s> Ambrose <p> domain of saint or deity <o> beekeeper <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> De viris illustribus <s> Ambrose <p> has works in the collection <o> Victoria and Albert Museum <s> Ambrose <p> time period <o> Roman Empire <s> Ambrose <p> place of birth <o> Augusta Treverorum <s> Ambrose <p> part of <o> Church Fathers <s> Ambrose <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Ambrose <p> place of death <o> Mediolanum <s> Ambrose <p> depicted by <o> Saint Ambrose <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> Library of the World's Best Literature <s> Ambrose <p> occupation <o> politician <s> Ambrose <p> place of burial <o> Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio <s> Ambrose <p> position held <o> Roman Catholic Archbishop of Milan <s> Ambrose <p> position held <o> Roman governor <s> Ambrose <p> occupation <o> theologian <s> Ambrose <p> part of <o> Doctor of the Church <s> Ambrose <p> father <o> Aurelius Ambrosius <s> Ambrose <p> honorific prefix <o> Doctor of the Church <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> Riemann's Music Dictionary <s> Ambrose <p> country of citizenship <o> Ancient Rome <s> Ambrose <p> canonization status <o> prelate <s> Ambrose <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Saint Ambrose <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> Encyclopedic Lexicon <s> Ambrose <p> given name <o> Ambrosio <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> The Life of the Saints <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> BEIC Digital Library <s> Ambrose <p> described by source <o> Obalky knih.cz <s> Ambrose <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> WikiProject Christian Hymns <s> Ambrose <p> different from <o> Pseudo-Ambrosius <s> Ambrose <p> given name <o> Ambrogio <s> Ambrose <p> occupation <o> philosopher <s> Montreal <p> different from <o> Montreal <s> Montreal <p> country <o> Canada <s> Montreal <p> history of topic <o> history of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> continent <o> North America <s> Montreal <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−05:00 <s> Montreal <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> City of Brussels <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Los Angeles <s> Montreal <p> visitor center <o> Tourisme Montréal <s> Montreal <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Montreal <p> geography of topic <o> geography of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> has part(s) of the class <o> borough of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> part of <o> Montreal Metropolitan Community <s> Montreal <p> legislative body <o> Montreal City Council <s> Montreal <p> associated electoral district <o> Pierrefonds—Dollard <s> Montreal <p> associated electoral district <o> Lac-Saint-Louis <s> Montreal <p> located in or next to body of water <o> St. Lawrence River <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Monterrey <s> Montreal <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Rivière des Prairies <s> Montreal <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Lake of Two Mountains <s> Montreal <p> located in or next to body of water <o> St. Lawrence Seaway <s> Montreal <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Montreal <p> category for honorary citizens of entity <o> Category:Honorary citizens of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Montreal <p> related category <o> Category:Montreal-related lists <s> Montreal <p> replaces <o> Ville Marie de Montréal <s> Montreal <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Montreal <s> Montreal <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials at Montreal <s> Montreal <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Island of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> located in time zone <o> Eastern Time Zone <s> Montreal <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Montreal <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manila <s> Montreal <p> open data portal <o> Montréal Open data portal <s> Montreal <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montréal-la-Cluse <s> Montreal <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Quebec <s> Montreal <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Montreal <s> Montreal <p> described by source <o> Catholic Encyclopedia <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yerevan <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Los Mochis <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hanoi <s> Montreal <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Montreal <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Montreal <s> Montreal <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Lac Saint-Louis <s> Montreal <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Montreal <p> member of <o> League of Historical Cities <s> Montreal <p> part of <o> Urban agglomeration of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Montreal <s> Montreal <p> member of <o> Urban agglomeration of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia <s> Montreal <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Montreal <s> Montreal <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Montreal <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Montreal <s> Montreal <p> capital of <o> Province of Canada <s> Montreal <p> capital of <o> Montreal Region <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Algiers <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Salvador <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Honolulu County <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Managua <s> Montreal <p> capital of <o> Urban agglomeration of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hiroshima <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Casablanca <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Amsterdam <s> Montreal <p> described by source <o> New Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Montreal <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Montreal <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Montreal <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Montreal <p> described by source <o> The Common Ground <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shanghai <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barcelona <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beersheba <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tunis <s> Montreal <p> shares border with <o> Hampstead <s> Montreal <p> shares border with <o> Mount Royal <s> Montreal <p> shares border with <o> Montréal-Est <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lucknow <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Athens <s> Montreal <p> shares border with <o> Longueuil <s> Montreal <p> shares border with <o> Saint-Lambert <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cali <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Amman <s> Montreal <p> shares border with <o> Westmount <s> Montreal <p> shares border with <o> Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue <s> Montreal <p> shares border with <o> Laval <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Busan <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hanover <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beirut <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bucharest <s> Montreal <p> shares border with <o> Dorval <s> Montreal <p> instance of <o> metropolis <s> Montreal <p> shares border with <o> Sainte-Catherine <s> Montreal <p> shares border with <o> Kirkland <s> Montreal <p> shares border with <o> Candiac <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ville-Marie <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Harrisburg <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Verdun <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Anjou <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ahuntsic-Cartierville <s> Montreal <p> founded by <o> Jeanne Mance <s> Montreal <p> instance of <o> college town <s> Montreal <p> founded by <o> Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> L'Île-Bizard–Sainte-Geneviève <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lachine <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> St. Leonard <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension <s> Montreal <p> twinned administrative body <o> Port-au-Prince <s> Montreal <p> flag <o> flag of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Le Sud-Ouest <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rivière-des-Prairies–Pointe-aux-Trembles <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Montréal-Nord <s> Montreal <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Montreal <p> named after <o> Mount Royal <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> LaSalle <s> Montreal <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Urban agglomeration of Montreal <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Le Plateau-Mont-Royal <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pierrefonds-Roxboro <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Saint-Laurent <s> Montreal <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Outremont <s> Montreal <p> instance of <o> territory outside RCM <s> Montreal <p> instance of <o> city or town <s> Montreal <p> head of government <o> Valérie Plante <s> Montreal <p> award received <o> City of Design <s> Naples <p> country <o> Italy <s> Naples <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Francisco <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Athens <s> Naples <p> significant event <o> Siege of Naples <s> Naples <p> significant event <o> Siege of Naples <s> Naples <p> patron saint <o> Januarius <s> Naples <p> head of government <o> Gaetano Manfredi <s> Naples <p> capital of <o> Kingdom of Sicily <s> Naples <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Naples <p> capital of <o> Province of Naples <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buenos Aires <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Prague <s> Naples <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Naples <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Naples <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Naples <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Naples <p> described by source <o> Regesta Imperii <s> Naples <p> described by source <o> Catholic Encyclopedia <s> Naples <p> capital of <o> Campania <s> Naples <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Naples <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Naples <p> owner of <o> PalaArgento <s> Naples <p> owner of <o> ANM <s> Naples <p> owner of <o> PalaBarbuto <s> Naples <p> owner of <o> Palace of Capodimonte <s> Naples <p> owner of <o> Piscina Felice Scandone <s> Naples <p> different from <o> Napoli <s> Naples <p> instance of <o> city <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rio de Janeiro <s> Naples <p> replaces <o> Parthenope <s> Naples <p> history of topic <o> history of Naples <s> Naples <p> capital of <o> Kingdom of the Two Sicilies <s> Naples <p> owner of <o> Vele di Scampia <s> Naples <p> owner of <o> Stadio Diego Armando Maradona <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toronto <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Budapest <s> Naples <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Naples <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Naples <s> Naples <p> Köppen climate classification <o> Mediterranean climate <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benevento <s> Naples <p> seismic classification <o> 2 <s> Naples <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Naples <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Naples <p> official language <o> Italian <s> Naples <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Naples <s> Naples <p> open data portal <o> Open Data Naples <s> Naples <p> replaces <o> Neapolis <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Naples <s> Naples <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Naples <s> Naples <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Naples <s> Naples <p> capital of <o> Metropolitan City of Naples <s> Naples <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Naples <s> Naples <p> significant event <o> Siege of Naples <s> Naples <p> significant event <o> Siege of Naples <s> Naples <p> significant event <o> Siege of Naples <s> Naples <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Naples <s> Naples <p> significant event <o> Siege of Naples <s> Naples <p> significant event <o> Siege of Naples <s> Naples <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Naples by place <s> Naples <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Naples <s> Naples <p> capital of <o> Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic) <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grottammare <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> Arzano <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santiago de Cuba <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Marseille <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kagoshima <s> Naples <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Naples <s> Naples <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Naples <p> described by source <o> New Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Palma de Mallorca <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nablus <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> Casandrino <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> Casavatore <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> Casoria <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Formia <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sighetu Marmației <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Baku <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ramallah <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jeddah <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> Cercola <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zhengzhou <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> Marano di Napoli <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> Melito di Napoli <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kragujevac <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mysłowice <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sarajevo <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wenzhou <s> Naples <p> described by source <o> Italian leaves <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Honolulu County <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> اختلفت الاقاويل <s> Naples <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Naples <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Córdoba <s> Naples <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Gulf of Naples <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> Pozzuoli <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> Portici <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> Mugnano di Napoli <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Călărași <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Valencia <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> Quarto <s> Naples <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Naples <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> San Giorgio a Cremano <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> San Sebastiano al Vesuvio <s> Naples <p> flag <o> flag of Naples <s> Naples <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nosy Be <s> Naples <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Naples <s> Naples <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Naples <s> Naples <p> shares border with <o> Volla <s> Naples <p> award received <o> Gold Medal of Military Valour <s> Naples <p> legislative body <o> Naples City Council <s> Category:Films shot in Milan <p> category combines topics <o> Milan <s> Category:Films shot in Milan <p> category contains <o> film <s> Category:Films shot in Milan <p> category combines topics <o> filming location <s> Category:Films shot in Milan <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Films shot in Milan <p> opposite of <o> Category:Films set in Milan </Graph>

<Text> :Buenos Aires , officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Rio de la Plata, on South America's southeastern coast. "Buenos Aires" is Spanish for "fair winds" or "good airs". Buenos Aires is classified as an Alpha global city, according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network 2020 ranking. The city of Buenos Aires is neither part of Buenos Aires Province nor the Province's capital; rather, it is an autonomous district. In 1880, after decades of political infighting, Buenos Aires was federalized and removed from Buenos Aires Province. The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores; both are now neighborhoods of the city. The 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy, hence its formal name of Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Its citizens first elected a Chief of Government in 1996; previously, the Mayor was directly appointed by the President of Argentina. The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the fifth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas, with a population of around 13.8 million. It is also the second largest city south of the Tropic of Capricorn. The quality of life in Buenos Aires was ranked 91st in the world in 2018, being one of the best in Latin America. In 2012, it was the most visited city in South America, and the second-most visited city of Latin America. It is known for its preserved eclectic European architecture and rich cultural life. It is a multicultural city that is home to multiple ethnic and religious groups, contributing to its culture as well as to the dialect spoken in the city and in some other parts of the country. This is because since the 19th century, the city, and the country in general, has been a major recipient of millions of immigrants from all over the world, making it a melting pot where several ethnic groups live together. Thus, Buenos Aires is considered one of the most diverse cities of the Americas. Buenos Aires held the 1st FIBA World Championship in 1950 and 11th FIBA World Championship in 1990, the 1st Pan American Games in 1951, was the site of two venues in the 1978 FIFA World Cup and one in the 1982 FIVB Men's World Championship. Most recently, Buenos Aires had a venue in the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship and in the 2002 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship, hosted the 125th IOC Session in 2013, the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics and the 2018 G20 summit. Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as of the regional decentralization entity of Trieste. Trieste is located at the head of the Gulf of Trieste, on a narrow strip of Italian territory lying between the Adriatic Sea and Slovenia; Slovenia lies close, at approximately 8 km east and 10-15 km southeast of the city, while Croatia is about 30 km to the south of the city. Trieste belonged to the Habsburg monarchy from 1382 until 1918. In the 19th century the monarchy was one of the Great Powers of Europe and Trieste was its most important seaport. As a prosperous trading hub in the Mediterranean region, Trieste grew to become the fourth largest city of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . In the fin de siecle, it emerged as an important hub for literature and music. Trieste underwent an economic revival during the 1930s, and the Free Territory of Trieste became a major site of the struggle between the Eastern and Western blocs after the Second World War. Trieste, a deep-water port, is a maritime gateway for northern Italy, Germany, Austria and Central Europe. It is considered the end point of the maritime Silk Road, with its connections to the Suez Canal and Turkey. Since the 1960s, Trieste has emerged as a prominent research location in Europe because of its many international organisations and institutions. The city lies at the intersection of Latin, Slavic and Germanic cultures, where Central Europe meets the Mediterranean Sea, and is home to diverse ethnic groups and religious communities. Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in Britain - commonly referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom - with a population of 1.145 million in the city proper. Birmingham borders the Black Country to its west and, together with the city of Wolverhampton and towns including Dudley and Solihull, forms the West Midlands conurbation. The wider metropolitan area has a population of 4.3 million, making it the largest outside of London. Located in the West Midlands region of England, approximately 100 miles from London, Birmingham is considered to be the social, cultural, financial and commercial centre of the Midlands. It is just west of the traditional centre point of England at Meriden, and is the most inland major city in the country, and lying north of the Cotswolds and east of the Shropshire Hills. Distinctively, Birmingham only has small rivers flowing through it, mainly the River Tame and its tributaries River Rea and River Cole - one of the closest main rivers is the Severn, approximately 20 miles west of the city centre. The city does however have numerous canals, collectively named the Birmingham Canal Navigations. Historically a market town in Warwickshire in the medieval period, Birmingham grew during the 18th century during the Midlands Enlightenment and during the Industrial Revolution, which saw advances in science, technology and economic development, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791, it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation; this provided an economic base for prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. The Watt steam engine was invented in Birmingham. The resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of political radicalism which, under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain, was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy. From the summer of 1940 to the spring of 1943, Birmingham was bombed heavily by the German Luftwaffe in what is known as the Birmingham Blitz. The damage done to the city's infrastructure, in addition to a deliberate policy of demolition and new building by planners, led to extensive urban regeneration in subsequent decades. Dublin is the capital and largest city of Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2022 census, the city council area had a population of 592,713, while Dublin City and its suburbs had a population of 1,263,219, and County Dublin had a population of 1,501,500. A settlement was established in the area by the Gaels during or before the 7th century, followed by the Vikings. As the Kingdom of Dublin grew, it became Ireland's principal settlement by the 12th century Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century and was briefly the second largest in the British Empire and sixth largest in Western Europe after the Acts of Union in 1800. Following independence in 1922, Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State, renamed Ireland in 1937. As of 2018, the city was listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network as a global city, with a ranking of "Alpha minus", which placed it among the top thirty cities in the world. The name Dublin derives from the Irish word Duibhlinn, early Classical Irish Dubhlind/Duibhlind, from dubh meaning "black, dark", and linn "pool", referring to a dark tidal pool. This tidal pool was located where the River Poddle entered the Liffey, on the site of the castle gardens at the rear of Dublin Castle. In Modern Irish the name is Duibhlinn, and Irish rhymes from County Dublin show that in Dublin Leinster Irish it was pronounced Duilinn . The original pronunciation is preserved in the names for the city in other languages such as Old English Difelin, Old Norse Dyflin, modern Icelandic Dyflinn and modern Manx Divlyn as well as Welsh Dulyn and Breton Dulenn. Other localities in Ireland also bear the name Duibhlinn, variously anglicised as Devlin, Divlin and Difflin. Historically, scribes using the Gaelic script wrote bh with a dot over the b, rendering Dublinn or Duiblinn. Those without knowledge of Irish omitted the dot, spelling the name as Dublin. Variations on the name are also found in traditionally Gaelic-speaking areas of Scotland , such as An Linne Dhubh , which is part of Loch Linnhe. It is now thought that the Viking settlement was preceded by a Christian ecclesiastical settlement known as Duibhlinn, from which Dyflin took its name. Beginning in the 9th and 10th centuries, there were two settlements where the modern city stands. The Viking settlement of about 841, Dyflin, and a Gaelic settlement, Ath Cliath further up the river, at the present-day Father Mathew Bridge , at the bottom of Church Street. Baile Atha Cliath, meaning "town of the hurdled ford", is the common name for the city in modern Irish. Ath Cliath is a place name referring to a fording point of the River Liffey near Father Mathew Bridge. Baile Atha Cliath was an early Christian monastery, believed to have been in the area of Aungier Street, currently occupied by Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church. There are other towns of the same name, such as Ath Cliath in East Ayrshire, Scotland, which is anglicised as Hurlford. The city is also referred to as Blea Cliath and Blea Cliath in Irish, particularly when spoken. These are contracted versions of Baile Atha Cliath. Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main , is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany, and it is the only city in the country rated as an "alpha world city" according to GaWC. Located in the foreland of the Taunus on its namesake Main, it forms a continuous conurbation with the neighboring city of Offenbach am Main and its urban area has a population of over 2.3 million. The city is the heart of the larger Rhine-Main metropolitan region, which has a population of more than 5.8 million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr region and the fourth biggest metropolitan region by GDP in the European Union. Frankfurt is home to the European Central Bank, one of the institutional seats of the European Union, while Frankfurt's central business district lies about 90 km northwest of the geographic center of the EU at Gadheim in Lower Franconia. Like France and Franconia, the city is named after the Franks. Frankfurt is the largest city in the Rhenish Franconian dialect area. Frankfurt was a city state, the Free City of Frankfurt, for nearly five centuries, and was one of the most important cities of the Holy Roman Empire, as a site of Imperial coronations; it lost its sovereignty upon the collapse of the empire in 1806, regained it in 1815 and then lost it again in 1866, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia. It has been part of the state of Hesse since 1945. Frankfurt is culturally, ethnically and religiously diverse, with half of its population, and a majority of its young people, having a migrant background. A quarter of the population consists of foreign nationals, including many expatriates. In 2015, Frankfurt was home to 1,909 ultra high-net-worth individuals, the sixth-highest number of any city. As of 2023, Frankfurt is the 13th-wealthiest city in the world and the second-wealthiest city in Europe . Frankfurt is a global hub for commerce, culture, education, tourism and transportation, and is the site of many global and European corporate headquarters. Due to its central location in the former West Germany, Frankfurt Airport became the busiest in Germany, one of the busiest in the world, the airport with the most direct routes in the world, and the primary hub for Lufthansa, the national airline of Germany and Europe's largest airline. Frankfurt Central Station is Germany's second-busiest railway station after Hamburg Hbf, and Frankfurter Kreuz is the most-heavily used interchange in the EU. Frankfurt is one of the major financial centers of the European continent, with the headquarters of the European Central Bank, Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt Stock Exchange, Deutsche Bank, DZ Bank, KfW, Commerzbank, DekaBank, Helaba, several cloud and fintech startups, and other institutes. Automotive, technology and research, services, consulting, media and creative industries complement the economic base. Frankfurt's DE-CIX is the world's largest internet exchange point. Messe Frankfurt is one of the world's largest trade fairs. Major fairs include the Music Fair and the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world's largest book fair. With 108 consulates, among which the largest is the US Consulate General, Frankfurt is second to New York City among non-capital cities in regards to consulate seats. Frankfurt is home to influential educational institutions, including the Goethe University with the Universitatsklinikum Frankfurt , the FUAS, the FUMPA, and graduate schools like the FSFM. The city is one of two seats of the German National Library , the largest library in the German-speaking countries and one of the largest in the world. Its renowned cultural venues include the concert hall Alte Oper, continental Europe's largest English theater and many museums, 26 of which line up along the Museum Embankment, including the Stadel, the Liebieghaus, the German Film Museum , the Senckenberg Natural Museum, the Goethe House and the Schirn art venue. Frankfurt's skyline is shaped by some of Europe's tallest skyscrapers, which has led to the term Mainhattan. The city has many notable green areas and parks, including the Wallanlagen, Volkspark Niddatal, Gruneburgpark, the City Forest, two major botanical gardens and the Frankfurt Zoo. Frankfurt is the seat of the German Football Association , is home to the first division association football club Eintracht Frankfurt, the Lowen Frankfurt ice hockey team, and the basketball club Frankfurt Skyliners, and is the venue of the Frankfurt Marathon and the Ironman Germany. Ambrose of Milan , venerated as Saint Ambrose, was a theologian and statesman who served as Bishop of Milan from 374 to 397. He expressed himself prominently as a public figure, fiercely promoting Roman Christianity against Arianism and paganism. He left a substantial collection of writings, of which the best known include the ethical commentary De officiis ministrorum , and the exegetical Exameron . His preachings, his actions and his literary works, in addition to his innovative musical hymnography, made him one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the 4th century. Ambrose was serving as the Roman governor of Aemilia-Liguria in Milan when he was unexpectedly made Bishop of Milan in 374 by popular acclamation. As bishop, he took a firm position against Arianism and attempted to mediate the conflict between the emperors Theodosius I and Magnus Maximus. Tradition credits Ambrose with developing an antiphonal chant, known as Ambrosian chant, and for composing the "Te Deum" hymn, though modern scholars now reject both of these attributions. Ambrose's authorship on at least four hymns, including the well-known "Veni redemptor gentium", is secure; they form the core of the Ambrosian hymns, which includes others that are sometimes attributed to him. He also had a notable influence on Augustine of Hippo , whom he helped convert to Christianity. Western Christianity identified Ambrose as one of its four traditional Doctors of the Church. He is considered a saint by the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion, and various Lutheran denominations, and venerated as the patron saint of Milan and beekeepers. Legends about Ambrose had spread through the empire long before his biography was written, making it difficult for modern historians to understand his true character and fairly place his behaviour within the context of antiquity. Most agree he was the personification of his era. This would make Ambrose a genuinely spiritual man who spoke up and defended his faith against opponents, an aristocrat who retained many of the attitudes and practices of a Roman governor, and also an ascetic who served the poor. Montreal is the second most populous city in Canada, the tenth most populous city in North America, and the most populous city in the province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill around which the early city of Ville-Marie was built. The city is centred on the Island of Montreal, which obtained its name from the same origin as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Ile Bizard. The city is 196 km east of the national capital, Ottawa, and 258 km southwest of the provincial capital, Quebec City. As of 2021, the city has a population of 1,762,949, and a metropolitan population of 4,291,732, making it the second-largest city, and second-largest metropolitan area in Canada. French is the city's official language. In 2021, 85.7% of the population of the city of Montreal considered themselves fluent in French while 90.2% could speak it in the metropolitan area. Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada, with 58.5% of the population able to speak both English and French. Historically the commercial capital of Canada, Montreal was surpassed in population and economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s. Montreal remains an important centre of art, culture, literature, film and television, music, commerce, aerospace, transport, finance, pharmaceuticals, technology, design, education, tourism, food, fashion, video game development, and world affairs. Montreal is the location of the headquarters of the International Civil Aviation Organization, and was named a UNESCO City of Design in 2006. In 2017, Montreal was ranked the 12th-most liveable city in the world by the Economist Intelligence Unit in its annual Global Liveability Ranking, although it slipped to rank 40 in the 2021 index, primarily due to stress on the healthcare system from the COVID-19 pandemic. It is regularly ranked as a top ten city in the world to be a university student in the QS World University Rankings. Montreal has hosted multiple international conferences and events, including the 1967 International and Universal Exposition and the 1976 Summer Olympics. It is the only Canadian city to have held the Summer Olympics. In 2018, Montreal was ranked as a global city. The city hosts the Canadian Grand Prix of Formula One; the Montreal International Jazz Festival, the largest jazz festival in the world; the Just for Laughs festival, the largest comedy festival in the world; and Les Francos de Montreal, the largest French-language music festival in the world. In sports, it is home to the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League, who have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other team. Naples is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's administrative limits as of 2022. Its province-level municipality is the third-most populous metropolitan city in Italy with a population of 3,115,320 residents, and its metropolitan area stretches beyond the boundaries of the city wall for approximately 30 kilometres . Founded by Greeks in the first millennium BC, Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited urban areas in the world. In the eighth century BC, a colony known as Parthenope was established on the Pizzofalcone hill. In the sixth century BC, it was refounded as Neapolis. The city was an important part of Magna Graecia, played a major role in the merging of Greek and Roman society, and was a significant cultural centre under the Romans. Naples served as the capital of the Duchy of Naples , subsequently as the capital of the Kingdom of Naples , and finally as the capital of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies -- until the unification of Italy in 1861. Naples is also considered a capital of the Baroque, beginning with the artist Caravaggio's career in the 17th century and the artistic revolution he inspired. It was also an important centre of humanism and Enlightenment. The city has long been a global point of reference for classical music and opera through the Neapolitan School. Between 1925 and 1936, Naples was expanded and upgraded by Benito Mussolini's government. During the later years of World War II, it sustained severe damage from Allied bombing as they invaded the peninsula. The city underwent extensive reconstruction work after the war. Since the late 20th century, Naples has had significant economic growth, helped by the construction of the Centro Direzionale business district and an advanced transportation network, which includes the Alta Velocita high-speed rail link to Rome and Salerno and an expanded subway network. Naples is the third-largest urban economy in Italy by GDP, after Milan and Rome. The Port of Naples is one of the most important in Europe. In addition to commercial activities, it is home to NATO's Allied Joint Force Command Naples and of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Symbol of Tokyo Metropolis <p> color <o> green <s> Symbol of Tokyo Metropolis <p> instance of <o> symbol of Tokyo <s> Symbol of Tokyo Metropolis <p> depicts <o> T <s> Symbol of Tokyo Metropolis <p> instance of <o> design <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Samonchō <s> Shinjuku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Berlin-Mitte <s> Shinjuku <p> capital of <o> Tokyo <s> Shinjuku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Shinjuku <p> headquarters location <o> Shinjuku City Hall <s> Shinjuku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Shinjuku <p> official symbol <o> Astro Boy <s> Shinjuku <p> different from <o> Shinjuku <s> Shinjuku <p> shares border with <o> Shibuya-ku <s> Shinjuku <p> different from <o> Shinjuku <s> Shinjuku <p> shares border with <o> Minato <s> Shinjuku <p> named after <o> Shinjuku <s> Shinjuku <p> replaces <o> Yodobashi-ku <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Suidōchō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsukudochō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Waseda-Minamichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Waseda-Tsurumaki-chō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yotsuya‐Honsiochō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Gokenchō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Enokichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Haraikatamachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Agebachō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kaitaichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Waseda-machi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yokoteramachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kawadachō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinogawamachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Enoki-chō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Totsuka <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Katamachi <s> Shinjuku <p> head of government <o> Kenichi Yoshizumi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinjuku <s> Shinjuku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Kanda River <s> Shinjuku <p> official symbol <o> Zelkova serrata <s> Shinjuku <p> head of government <o> Hiroko Nakayama <s> Shinjuku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Shinjuku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Saraichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Kōrachō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bentenchō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Honmurachō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Yakuōjimachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Sadobarachō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Yamabushichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Aizumichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Hachimanchō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Nakanochō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Kagachō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Yanagichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Funagawaharamachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Daimachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Tamachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Chōenjimachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichigaya-Takajōmachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takadanobaba <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinanomachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kagurazaka <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yotsuya <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toyama <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōkubo <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Babashitachō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sugachō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akagi-Motomachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kasumigaoka <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akagi-Shitamachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kikuichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tenjinchō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tomihisachō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Iwatochō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Daikyōchō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Enokichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yamabukichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Haramachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yotsuya‐Sakamachi <s> Shinjuku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Shinjuku <s> Shinjuku <p> shares border with <o> Nakano <s> Shinjuku <p> shares border with <o> Chiyoda-ku <s> Shinjuku <p> replaces <o> Yotsuya-ku <s> Shinjuku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kaguragashi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shiroganechō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hyakuninchō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yaraichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakachō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-Yamabushichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naitōmachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Saneichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo-Miyabichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naka-Ochiai <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakazatochō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo-Ochiai <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-Shinjuku <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Motomachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Yamabushichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Ochiai <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nijukkimachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yochōmachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitamachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakai <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sumiyoshichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains settlement <o> Yotsuya <s> Shinjuku <p> contains settlement <o> Ushigome <s> Shinjuku <p> contains settlement <o> Ichigaya <s> Shinjuku <p> shares border with <o> Toshima-ku <s> Shinjuku <p> different from <o> Shinjuku, Nagoya <s> Shinjuku <p> different from <o> Niijuku <s> Shinjuku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Shinjuku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 10th district <s> Shinjuku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 1st district <s> Shinjuku <p> official symbol <o> Rhododendron <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fukuromachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wakamiyachō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsukudo-Hachimanchō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nandomachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Saikumachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wakamatsuchō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Gokenchō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsukijimachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Funamachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Arakichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Waseda <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Ochiai <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tansumachi <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wakaba <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kabukichō <s> Shinjuku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Shinjuku <s> Shinjuku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Shinjuku <p> replaces <o> Ushigome-ku <s> Shinjuku <p> located in time zone <o> Japan Standard Time <s> Shinjuku <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Shinjuku <s> Shinjuku <p> shares border with <o> Bunkyo <s> Shinjuku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Shinjuku <s> Chūō-ku <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Chuo, Tokyo <s> Chūō-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 2nd district <s> Chūō-ku <p> official symbol <o> Salix <s> Chūō-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Chūō-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Chūō-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Chūō-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Chūō-ku <p> replaces <o> Nihonbashi-ku <s> Chūō-ku <p> official symbol <o> Rhododendron <s> Chūō-ku <p> shares border with <o> Minato <s> Chūō-ku <p> named after <o> center <s> Chūō-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Chūō, Tokyo <s> Chūō-ku <p> shares border with <o> Sumida-ku <s> Chūō-ku <p> shares border with <o> Taitō-ku <s> Chūō-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Kanda River <s> Chūō-ku <p> replaces <o> Kyōbashi-ku <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains settlement <o> Kyōbashi <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains settlement <o> Nihonbashi <s> Chūō-ku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Chūō, Tokyo <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsukiji <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsukishima <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yaesu <s> Chūō-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Sumida River <s> Chūō-ku <p> shares border with <o> Chiyoda-ku <s> Chūō-ku <p> shares border with <o> Koto <s> Chūō-ku <p> head of government <o> Yasuto Yamamoto <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toyomichō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ginza <s> Chūō-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Kodenmachō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Tomisawachō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Ōdenmachō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Muromachi <s> Chūō-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minato <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Yokoyamachō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Hamachō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hamarikyū-Teien <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Koamichō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Hakozakichō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akashichō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Honchō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Kayabachō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Nihonbashi <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Bakurochō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Kobunachō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Kakigarachō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Hongokuchō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Ningyōchō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Horidomechō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Kabutochō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shintomi <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Harumi <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hatchōbori <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kyōbashi <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinkawa <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Irifune <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsukuda <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Nakasu <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-Hisamatsuchō <s> Chūō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kachidoki <s> Chūō-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Higashine <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> main regulatory text <o> Tōkyō tosei <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> instance of <o> website <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> instance of <o> local government <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> instance of <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> instance of <o> prefectural government <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Bureau of Taxation <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> headquarters location <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> has part(s) <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Bureau of Finance <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> has part(s) <o> Office of the Governor for Policy Planning <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> has part(s) <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Bureau of Public Health <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Government of Tokyo <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> has part(s) <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Bureau of Taxation <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> has part(s) <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Bureau of Waterworks <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> has part(s) <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Bureau of Environment <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <p> office held by head of the organization <o> Governor of Tokyo <s> Kantō Plain <p> country <o> Japan <s> Kantō Plain <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Pacific Ocean <s> Kantō Plain <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Kantō Plain <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Chiba Prefecture <s> Kantō Plain <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanagawa Prefecture <s> Kantō Plain <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tochigi Prefecture <s> Kantō Plain <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Honshu <s> Kantō Plain <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Saitama Prefecture <s> Kantō Plain <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ibaraki Prefecture <s> Kantō Plain <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Gunma Prefecture <s> Kantō Plain <p> instance of <o> plain <s> Kantō Plain <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Uraga Channel <s> Kantō Plain <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Sagami Bay <s> Kantō Plain <p> located in time zone <o> Japan Standard Time <s> Kantō Plain <p> location <o> Kantō region <s> Kantō Plain <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tokyo Bay <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Japan <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> country <o> Japan <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> official color <o> blue <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Tokyo <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Common Gull <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Maryland <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Västra Götaland County <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Ginkgo biloba <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Kanagawa-fu <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Ashigara Prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Kanagawa prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> mascot <o> Kanagawa Kintarō <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> office held by head of government <o> governor of Kanagawa Prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> archives at <o> Kanagawa Prefectural Archives <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> located in time zone <o> Japan Standard Time <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Shizuoka Prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kanagawa Prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gyeonggi <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> highest point <o> Mount Hiru <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Mutsuura Domain <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 7th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 9th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 19th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yokosuka <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Kanagawa prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Kanagawa prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Kanagawa prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> shares border with <o> Yamanashi Prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Kanagawa Prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toyama Prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ashigarakami district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Aiko District <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naka district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ashigarashimo district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Koza District <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Odawara <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gold Coast <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> capital <o> Yokohama <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> lowest point <o> Sagami Bay <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Kanagawa <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yokohama <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> official symbol <o> Lilium auratum <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Kanagawa Prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fujisawa <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 10th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 14th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 1st district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 12th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 2nd district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 16th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 15th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 17th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa At-large district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 4th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 11th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 6th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 18th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 13th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 8th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 5th district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> associated electoral district <o> Kanagawa 3rd district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Zushi <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sagamihara <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Baden-Württemberg <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Liaoning <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Zama <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> head of government <o> Shigefumi Matsuzawa <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> head of government <o> Iwatarō Uchiyama <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> head of government <o> Bungo Tsuda <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> head of government <o> Hiroshi Okazaki <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> head of government <o> Kazuji Nagasu <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Atsugi <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yamato <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kawasaki <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> territory overlaps <o> Sagami Province <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Miura district <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> instance of <o> prefecture of Japan <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> has list <o> list of governors of Kanagawa Prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> has list <o> list of people from Kanagawa <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> anthem <o> Hikari Aratani <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hadano <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> headquarters location <o> Kanagawa Prefectural offices <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Penang <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> legislative body <o> Kanagawa Prefectural Assembly <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> named after <o> Kanagawa-fu <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> language used <o> Kanagawa dialect <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> twinned administrative body <o> Odesa Oblast <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hiratsuka <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamakura <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> executive body <o> Kanagawa Prefectural Government <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamiashigara <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chigasaki <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> flag <o> flag of Kanagawa prefecture <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ebina <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> head of government <o> Yūji Kuroiwa <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Isehara <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ayase <s> Kanagawa Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Miura <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Archives <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Archives <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Izumichō <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Archives <p> instance of <o> library <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Archives <p> location of formation <o> Kaigan <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Archives <p> notable work <o> History of Tokyo City <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Archives <p> instance of <o> municipal archive <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Archives <p> architect <o> AXS Satow <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Archives <p> award received <o> BCS Prize <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Archives <p> main building contractor <o> PentaOcean <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Archives <p> adjacent building <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Library <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Archives <p> parent organization <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Bureau of General Affairs <s> metropolitan prefecture <p> country <o> Japan <s> metropolitan prefecture <p> said to be the same as <o> Tokyo <s> metropolitan prefecture <p> subclass of <o> metropolis <s> metropolitan prefecture <p> subclass of <o> prefecture of Japan <s> metropolitan prefecture <p> instance of <o> designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country <s> Komae <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Komae <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Komae <p> country <o> Japan <s> Komae <p> head of government <o> Toshio Matsubara <s> Komae <p> head of government <o> Kin'yū Ishii <s> Komae <p> head of government <o> Yutaka Yano <s> Komae <p> head of government <o> Kunihiko Takahashi <s> Komae <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Komae <p> official symbol <o> Rhododendron <s> Komae <p> official symbol <o> Ginkgo biloba <s> Komae <p> shares border with <o> Kawasaki <s> Komae <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishiizumi <s> Komae <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Komai-machi <s> Komae <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Inogata <s> Komae <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Iwadokita <s> Komae <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Iwadominami <s> Komae <p> shares border with <o> Chofu <s> Komae <p> shares border with <o> Setagaya-ku <s> Komae <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Komae, Tokyo <s> Komae <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Izumi <s> Komae <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Izumi-Honchō <s> Komae <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Komae, Tokyo <s> Komae <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Musashino Plateau <s> Komae <p> legislative body <o> Komae City Assembly <s> Komae <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 22nd district <s> Komae <p> legal form <o> local public entity <s> Komae <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Komae <s> Casablanca <p> different from <o> Casablanca <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Paris <s> Casablanca <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Casablanca <s> Casablanca <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Casablanca <s> Casablanca <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Casablanca <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montreal <s> Casablanca <p> different from <o> Dar El Beïda <s> Casablanca <p> located in time zone <o> UTC±00:00 <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Istanbul <s> Casablanca <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Casablanca <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Casablanca <s> Casablanca <p> country <o> Morocco <s> Casablanca <p> capital of <o> Casablanca Prefecture <s> Casablanca <p> instance of <o> city <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chicago <s> Casablanca <p> described by source <o> Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis <s> Casablanca <p> World Heritage criteria <o> World Heritage selection criterion (ii) <s> Casablanca <p> World Heritage criteria <o> World Heritage selection criterion (iv) <s> Casablanca <p> heritage designation <o> Tentative World Heritage Site <s> Casablanca <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bordeaux <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Emirate of Dubai <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bengaluru <s> Casablanca <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia <s> Casablanca <p> said to be the same as <o> Anfa <s> Casablanca <p> owner of <o> Stade Mohamed V <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buenos Aires <s> Casablanca <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Casablanca <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Casablanca <p> capital of <o> Casablanca-Settat <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barcelona <s> Casablanca <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Casablanca <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Casablanca <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tokyo <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Casablanca <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Casablanca <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kuala Lumpur <s> Casablanca <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Casablanca <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jakarta <s> Casablanca <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Casablanca <s> Casablanca <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Casablanca <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Amman <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dakar <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rio de Janeiro <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shanghai <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benghazi <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sfax <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Busan <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oran <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sosnowiec <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Artvin <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nouadhibou <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jeddah <s> Casablanca <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Casablanca Prefecture <s> Casablanca <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Casablanca <p> head of government <o> Nabila Rmili <s> Casablanca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sidi Bennour </Graph>

<Text> :Shinjuku , officially called Shinjuku City, is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. It is a major commercial and administrative center, housing the northern half of the busiest railway station in the world and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, the administration center for the government of Tokyo. As of 2018, the ward has an estimated population of 346,235 and a population density of 18,232 people per km2. The total area is 18.23 km2. Since the end of World War II, Shinjuku has been a major secondary center of Tokyo , rivaling the original city center in Marunouchi and Ginza. Shinjuku is also commonly used to refer to the entire area surrounding Shinjuku Station. The southern half of this area and the station in fact belong to the Yoyogi and Sendagaya districts of the neighboring Shibuya ward. In 1634, during the Edo period, as the outer moat of the Edo Castle was built, a number of temples and shrines moved to the Yotsuya area on the western edge of Shinjuku. In 1698, Naito-Shinjuku had developed as a new station on the Koshu Kaido, one of the major highways of that era. Naito was the family name of a daimyo whose mansion stood in the area; his land is now a public park, the Shinjuku Gyoen. In 1898, the Yodobashi Water Purification Plant, the city's first modern water treatment facility, was built in the area that is now between the park and the train station. In 1920, the town of Naito-Shinjuku, which comprised large parts of present-day Shinjuku , parts of Nishi-Shinjuku and Kabukicho was integrated into Tokyo City. Shinjuku began to develop into its current form after the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, since the seismically stable area largely escaped the devastation. Consequently, West Shinjuku is one of the few areas in Tokyo with many skyscrapers. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government is the government of the Tokyo Metropolis. One of the 47 prefectures of Japan, the government consists of a popularly elected governor and assembly. The headquarters building is located in the ward of Shinjuku. The metropolitan government administers the special wards, cities, towns and villages that constitute part of the Tokyo Metropolis. With a population closing in on 14 million living within its boundaries, and many more commuting from neighbouring prefectures, the metropolitan government wields significant political power within Japan. Under Japanese law, Tokyo is designated as a to , translated as metropolis. Within Tokyo Metropolis lie dozens of smaller entities, including twenty-three special wards which until 1943 made up Tokyo City but which now have individual local governments, each with a leader and a council. In addition to these 23 local governments, Tokyo also encompasses 26 cities , five towns , and eight villages , each of which has a local government. These other municipalities are located in the western part of the prefecture, as well as the outlying island chains of Izu and Ogasawara. The Metropolitan Assembly is the legislative organ of the whole prefecture of Tokyo. It consists of 127 members elected each four years. Regular sessions are held four times each year, in February, June, September and December. These sessions typically last for 30 days. Between these are plenary sessions where discussions on bills are held. As in other prefectures of Japan, the people of Tokyo directly elect the governor to four-year terms of office. There is no limit to the number of terms a person may serve. Unlike collegiate cabinet systems, where the decisions are made unanimously, the Governor has the authority to make policy decisions and enforce policy. As the chief executive of Tokyo, ruling an area encompassing 13 million inhabitants and a GDP comparable in size to some countries, they hold the greatest influence among Japan's governors. In contrast to other prefectures, the governor of Tokyo has a relatively important role given the size of Tokyo's budget . The Tokyo metropolitan government is also granted relative freedom in how it allocates the budget, as it is not subject to national government subsidies which other prefectures receive. The responsibility for approving the metropolitan budget lies with the governor and the assembly. The assembly may vote for no confidence in the governor and the governor may order the assembly to be dissolved. The Kanto Plain is the largest plain in Japan, and is located in the Kanto region of central Honshu. The total area of 17,000 km2 covers more than half of the region extending over Tokyo, Saitama Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, Chiba Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture, Tochigi Prefecture, and Ibaraki Prefecture. The northern limit borders on the Abukuma Highlands, Yamizo Mountain Range, Ashio Mountain Range, and a volcanic field associated with the Nasu Volcanic Belt. The western coincides with the Kanto Mountain Range and the southern edge is defined by the Boso Peninsula, the Miura Hills, Tokyo Bay, and Sagami Bay. The Kashima Sea and Kujukuri Beach define the eastern end of the plain. Most of the rivers originate in the northern or western mountain ranges and flow east or southeast into the Pacific Ocean, Tokyo Bay, or Sagami Bay. In the central part of the plain is the Tone River; in the northern part the Watarase River, Kinu River, Kokai River, Naka River, and Kuji River; and in the southern part the Arakawa River, Tama River, and Sagami River. Of these rivers, the Tone River encompasses a large area of floodplain, for it has the largest drainage area in Japan of 16,840 km2 . The drainage areas covered by these rivers account for the alluvial lowland of the Kanto Plain. A collection of plateaus constitute a large part of the plain. Among them are the Omiya, Musashino, Sagamino, Joso, and Shimosa Plateaus. These large plateaus are divided into smaller ones by shallow river valleys. One of the common features of the plateaus is that their surfaces are covered with a thick layer of loam of volcanic origin. Volcanic ashes from surrounding volcanoes, Mounts Asama, Haruna, and Akagi to the north and Mounts Hakone and Fuji to the southwest, are thought to have been deposited on these plateaus. Among the plateaus, the Musashino Plateau has the largest stretch of land, extending from the western edge of Ome to the eastern edge of Yamanote which borders the alluvial plains of the Arakawa and Sumida Rivers. Its elevation gradually declines from west to east, measuring 190 m at Ome and 20 m at Yamanote. Kanagawa Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kanto region of Honshu. Kanagawa Prefecture is the second-most populous prefecture of Japan at 9,221,129 and third-densest at 3,800 inhabitants per square kilometre . Its geographic area of 2,415 km2 makes it fifth-smallest. Kanagawa Prefecture borders Tokyo to the north, Yamanashi Prefecture to the northwest and Shizuoka Prefecture to the west. Yokohama is the capital and largest city of Kanagawa Prefecture and the second-largest city in Japan, with other major cities including Kawasaki, Sagamihara, and Fujisawa. Kanagawa Prefecture is located on Japan's eastern Pacific coast on Tokyo Bay and Sagami Bay, separated by the Miura Peninsula, across from Chiba Prefecture on the Boso Peninsula. Kanagawa Prefecture is part of the Greater Tokyo Area, the most populous metropolitan area in the world, with Yokohama and many of its cities being major commercial hubs and southern suburbs of Tokyo. Kanagawa Prefecture was the political and economic center of Japan during the Kamakura period when Kamakura was the de facto capital and largest city of Japan as the seat of the Kamakura shogunate from 1185 to 1333. Kanagawa Prefecture is a popular tourist area in the Tokyo region, with Kamakura and Hakone being two popular side trip destinations. The prefecture has some archaeological sites going back to the Jomon period . About 3,000 years ago, Mount Hakone produced a volcanic explosion which resulted in Lake Ashi on the western area of the prefecture. During the Edo period, the western part of Sagami Province was governed by the daimyo of Odawara Castle, while the eastern part was directly governed by the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo . Komae is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. It is one of 30 municipalities in the western portion of Tokyo known as the Tama Area. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 83,218, and a population density of 13,000 persons per km2. Based on the 2015 Kanto Ranking, Musashino was the fifth most desirable place to live in Central Japan. The total area of the city is 6.39 square kilometres . It is the smallest administrative city in Tokyo Metropolis both in area and population, and the second smallest in terms of area in the nation. Komae is nestled between the Tama River to the southwest, and the much smaller Nogawa River to the north and east which flows near its boundaries with Chofu city and Setagaya Ward. It is mostly flat. It is a small municipality; its boundaries fit within a circle of 2 km radius centred on the city hall. It is essentially a residential suburb of Tokyo which urbanised rapidly in the 1960s and 1970s, with most of the working population commuting to central Tokyo. There are several neighbourhood shopping areas, mainly around the train stations. The City Hall is located near Komae Station. Komae has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Komae is 14.8 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1647 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.0 degC, and lowest in January, at around 3.8 degC. The city's name is thought to originate from the word koma, referring to migrants, especially Goguryeo from the Korean peninsula who settled here around the 5th century AD. Numerous kofun burial mounds are located within the city borders. Casablanca is the largest city in Morocco and the country's economic and business center. Located on the Atlantic coast of the Chaouia plain in the central-western part of Morocco, the city has a population of about 3.71 million in the urban area, and over 4.27 million in Greater Casablanca, making it the most populous city in the Maghreb region, and the eighth-largest in the Arab world. Casablanca is Morocco's chief port, with the Port of Casablanca being one of the largest artificial ports in Africa, and the third-largest port in North Africa, after Tanger-Med east of Tangier) and Port Said. Casablanca also hosts the primary naval base for the Royal Moroccan Navy. Casablanca is a significant financial centre, ranking 54th globally in the September 2023 Global Financial Centres Index rankings, between Brussels and Rome. The Casablanca Stock Exchange is Africa's third-largest in terms of market capitalization, as of December 2022. Major Moroccan companies and many of the largest American and European companies operating in the country have their headquarters and main industrial facilities in Casablanca. Recent industrial statistics show that Casablanca is the main industrial zone in the country. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Tokyo Islands <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo Islands <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Pacific Ocean <s> Tokyo Islands <p> has part(s) <o> Ogasawara Archipelago <s> Tokyo Islands <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo Islands <p> has part(s) <o> Izu Islands <s> Tokyo Islands <p> instance of <o> island group <s> Tokyo Islands <p> instance of <o> region of Japan <s> Tokyo Islands <p> part of <o> Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc <s> Tokyo Islands <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tokyo Islands <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> capital of <o> Japan <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Japan <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> instance of <o> prefecture of Japan <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> replaced by <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> instance of <o> fu <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> instance of <o> former administrative territorial entity <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo City <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamitoshima district <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ebara district <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitatama district <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishitama district <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tachikawa <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hachioji <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> capital <o> Tokyo City <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> follows <o> Heian-kyō <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> legislative body <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tokyo Prefecture <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Edo Prefecture <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashitama district <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamitama district <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitatoshima district <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toyotama district <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamikatsushika district <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamiadachi District <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> 15 wards of Tokyo <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Shinagawa Prefecture <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> replaces <o> Kosuge Prefecture <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> foundational text <o> Edict Renaming Edo to Tokyo <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> office held by head of government <o> Governor of Tokyo Prefecture <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> has cause <o> transfer of the capital to Tokyo <s> Tokyo Prefecture <p> office held by head of the organization <o> Governor of Tokyo Prefecture <s> Tokyo City <p> country <o> Empire of Japan <s> Tokyo City <p> instance of <o> dissolved municipality of Japan <s> Tokyo City <p> instance of <o> capital of Japan <s> Tokyo City <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Tokyo City <p> capital of <o> Japan <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Edogawa-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Adachi-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shibuya-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Suginami-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Arakawa-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Katsushika-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Meguro-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinagawa-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> different from <o> Tokio <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakano <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Itabashi-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> capital of <o> Empire of Japan <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Nihonbashi-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> coextensive with <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Tokyo City <p> capital of <o> Tokyo Prefecture <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Setagaya-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toshima-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonbashi-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaces <o> Kinuta <s> Tokyo City <p> replaces <o> Ōsaki <s> Tokyo City <p> replaces <o> Ebara district <s> Tokyo City <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo Prefecture <s> Tokyo City <p> replaces <o> Naitōshinjuku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaces <o> Chitose <s> Tokyo City <p> replaces <o> Ogu <s> Tokyo City <p> replaces <o> Higashichōfu <s> Tokyo City <p> replaces <o> Kitatoshima district <s> Tokyo City <p> replaces <o> Toyotama district <s> Tokyo City <p> replaces <o> Minamikatsushika district <s> Tokyo City <p> replaces <o> Minamiadachi District <s> Tokyo City <p> replaces <o> 15 wards of Tokyo <s> Tokyo City <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tokyo City <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōmori-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Koishikawa-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yotsuya-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hongō-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shitaya-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jōtō-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asakusa-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mukōjima-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Honjo-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fukagawa-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kyōbashi-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shiba-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yodobashi-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Akasaka-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Kōjimachi-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Azabu-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Kanda-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Ushigome-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> has part(s) <o> 15 wards of Tokyo <s> Tokyo City <p> anthem <o> Tōkyō Shōka <s> Tokyo City <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Tokyo <s> Tokyo City <p> part of <o> six greatest cities in Japan (1922) <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Azabu-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Shiba-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Kyōbashi-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takinogawa-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanda-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ushigome-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ebara-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōji-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akasaka-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamata-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kōjimachi-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Shitaya-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Asakusa-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Honjo-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Fukagawa-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Koishikawa-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Yotsuya-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> replaced by <o> Hongō-ku <s> Tokyo City <p> legislative body <o> Tokyo City Assembly <s> Minato <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Minato <p> country <o> Japan <s> Minato <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Minato, Tokyo <s> Minato <p> official symbol <o> rose <s> Minato <p> official symbol <o> Hydrangea <s> Minato <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 2nd district <s> Minato <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 1st district <s> Minato <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 7th district <s> Minato <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Minato, Tokyo <s> Minato <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Minato <p> contains settlement <o> Akasaka <s> Minato <p> contains settlement <o> Shiba <s> Minato <p> contains settlement <o> Azabu <s> Minato <p> official symbol <o> Cornus florida <s> Minato <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Minato <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Minato <p> shares border with <o> Koto <s> Minato <p> shares border with <o> Chiyoda-ku <s> Minato <p> shares border with <o> Shinjuku <s> Minato <p> replaces <o> Shiba-ku <s> Minato <p> replaces <o> Akasaka-ku <s> Minato <p> replaces <o> Azabu-ku <s> Minato <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Minato, Tokyo <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Azabu-Mamianachō <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shibakōen <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinbashi <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takanawa <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shiba <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mita <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hamamatsuchō <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Moto-Akasaka <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akasaka <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Roppongi <s> Minato <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Minato <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Minato <p> named after <o> Port of Tokyo <s> Minato <p> shares border with <o> Shinagawa-ku <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Moto-Azabu <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Shinbashi <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Azabudai <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Azabu <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Atago <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Shinbashi <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shirokanedai <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Azabu-Nagasakachō <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Azabu-Jūban <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shirokane <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toranomon <s> Minato <p> shares border with <o> Shibuya-ku <s> Minato <p> shares border with <o> Chūō-ku <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shibadaimon <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shibaura <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Azabu <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kōnan <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Aoyama <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Daiba <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-Aoyama <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Azabu <s> Minato <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kaigan <s> Minato <p> office held by head of government <o> 港区长 <s> Minato <p> head of government <o> Masaaki Takei <s> Minato <p> headquarters location <o> Minato Ward Office, Tokyo <s> Adachi-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Adachi-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Adachi-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 13th district <s> Adachi-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 12th district <s> Adachi-ku <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> Adachi-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Adachi-ku <p> shares border with <o> Kita-ku <s> Adachi-ku <p> shares border with <o> Sumida-ku <s> Adachi-ku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Adachi, Tokyo <s> Adachi-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Adachi-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Adachi, Tokyo <s> Adachi-ku <p> official symbol <o> cherry blossom <s> Adachi-ku <p> shares border with <o> Soka <s> Adachi-ku <p> shares border with <o> Yashio <s> Adachi-ku <p> shares border with <o> Kawaguchi <s> Adachi-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Adachi-ku <p> official symbol <o> tulip <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Iriyamachi <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toneri-kōen <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hozukachō <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hokima <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mutsugi <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakagawa <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sano <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Iriya <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hitotsuya <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chūō-Honchō <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rokugatsu <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ikō <s> Adachi-ku <p> shares border with <o> Arakawa-ku <s> Adachi-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shikahama <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Odai <s> Adachi-ku <p> head of government <o> Manzō Yoshida <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōgi <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Senju <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Hanahata <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rokuchō <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kahei <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinden <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kaga <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Horinouchi <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōyata <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Miyagi <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hirano <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Motogi <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hinodechō <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kojiya-Honchō <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimane <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kōdō <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kojiya <s> Adachi-ku <p> headquarters location <o> City Hall in Adachi, Tokyo <s> Adachi-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> City of Belmont <s> Adachi-ku <p> shares border with <o> Katsushika-ku <s> Adachi-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinmei-Minami <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Saranuma <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tōwa <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Umeda <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsubaki <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Umejima <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takenotsuka <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toneri <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kurihara <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kōhoku <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ayase <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinmei <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Okino <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yanagihara <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Ikō <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Ayase <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishiarai-Honchō <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Arai-Sakaechō <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tonerimachi <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishiarai <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Ikō <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hanahata <s> Adachi-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 29th district <s> Adachi-ku <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Adachi, Tokyo <s> Adachi-ku <p> head of government <o> Yayoi Kondō <s> Adachi-ku <p> head of government <o> Tadashi Furushō <s> Adachi-ku <p> named after <o> Adachi district <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Ayase <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yazaike <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Aoi <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Adachi <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Takenotsuka <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sekibara <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yanaka <s> Adachi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tatsunuma <s> Category:Tokyo (prefecture) <p> category's main topic <o> Tokyo <s> Category:Tokyo (prefecture) <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Bunkyo <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 2nd district <s> Bunkyo <p> country <o> Japan <s> Bunkyo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Bunkyo <p> official symbol <o> Rhododendron <s> Bunkyo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Bunkyo <p> official symbol <o> Ginkgo biloba <s> Bunkyo <p> shares border with <o> Shinjuku <s> Bunkyo <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Bunkyo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kaiserslautern <s> Bunkyo <p> replaces <o> Koishikawa-ku <s> Bunkyo <p> replaces <o> Hongō-ku <s> Bunkyo <p> shares border with <o> Kita-ku <s> Bunkyo <p> shares border with <o> Toshima-ku <s> Bunkyo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Bunkyō <s> Bunkyo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Morioka <s> Bunkyo <p> shares border with <o> Taitō-ku <s> Bunkyo <p> contains settlement <o> Hongō <s> Bunkyo <p> contains settlement <o> Koishikawa <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mejirodai <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hongō <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yayoi <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sengoku <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nezu <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Koishikawa <s> Bunkyo <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Bunkyo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fukuyama <s> Bunkyo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tsuwano <s> Bunkyo <p> shares border with <o> Chiyoda-ku <s> Bunkyo <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Bunkyō <s> Bunkyo <p> head of government <o> Hironobu Narisawa <s> Bunkyo <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kōraku <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hon-Komagome <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Suidō <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mukōgaoka <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kasuga <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sendagi <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yushima <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Kata <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Otowa <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōtsuka <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hakusan <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kohinata <s> Bunkyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sekiguchi <s> Bunkyo <p> shares border with <o> Arakawa-ku <s> Bunkyo <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia <s> Tama <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tama <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 21th district <s> Tama <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 30th district <s> Tama <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 23rd district <s> Tama <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Tama <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tama <p> shares border with <o> Fuchū <s> Tama <p> shares border with <o> Hino <s> Tama <p> shares border with <o> Machida <s> Tama <p> shares border with <o> Hachioji <s> Tama <p> shares border with <o> Inagi <s> Tama <p> shares border with <o> Kawasaki <s> Tama <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Tama <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Tama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Karakida <s> Tama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kaidori <s> Tama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mahikizawa <s> Tama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakuragaoka <s> Tama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nagayama <s> Tama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ochiai <s> Tama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsurumaki <s> Tama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakazawa <s> Tama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamino <s> Tama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toyogaoka <s> Tama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sekido <s> Tama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Renkōji <s> Tama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hijirigaoka <s> Tama <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Tama, Tokyo <s> Tama <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Tama <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Tama, Tokyo <s> Tama <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tama, Tokyo <s> Tama <p> owner of <o> Tama City Athletic Stadium <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> official symbol <o> swan <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Konyachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanda-Aioichō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hirakawachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rokubanchō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanda-Izumichō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanda-Misakichō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fujimi <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hitotsubashi <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gobanchō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichibanchō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Soto-Kanda <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nibanchō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kioichō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Chiyoda, Tokyo <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> named after <o> Chiyoda <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> official symbol <o> cherry blossom <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains settlement <o> Kódzsimacsi <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishifukudachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sanbanchō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hanaokachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Iidabashi <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hibiya <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kódzsimacsi <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nagatachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitanomaru Park <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Marunouchi <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> shares border with <o> Shinjuku <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kasumigaseki <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yūrakuchō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hayabusachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jinbōchō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōtemachi <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chiyoda <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanda-Sarugakuchō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Kanda <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kōkyogaien <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> shares border with <o> Minato <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Chiyoda, Tokyo <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains settlement <o> Kanda <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> replaces <o> Kanda-ku <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> replaces <o> Kōjimachi-ku <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hibiya Park <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Surugadai <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sudachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kajichō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Neribeichō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Iwamotochō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Kanda <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashimatsushitachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsukasamachi <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ogawamachi <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Uchi-Kanda <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kudanminami <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> head of government <o> Takaaki Higuchi <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 1st district <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> shares border with <o> Chūō-ku <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kudankita <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanda-Sakumachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Uchisaiwaichō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitanorimonochō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanda-Sakumagashi <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tomiyamachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashikonyachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishikichō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Matsunagachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Awajichō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanda-Hirakawachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mikurachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> official symbol <o> pine tree <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Chiyoda, Tokyo <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanda-Mitoshirochō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tachō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yonbanchō <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Chiyoda, Tokyo <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> shares border with <o> Bunkyo <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> shares border with <o> Taitō-ku <s> Chiyoda-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Hachioji <p> country <o> Japan <s> Hachioji <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nikko <s> Hachioji <p> twinned administrative body <o> Odawara <s> Hachioji <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tomakomai <s> Hachioji <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yorii <s> Hachioji <p> official symbol <o> Ginkgo biloba <s> Hachioji <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tama River <s> Hachioji <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Asa River <s> Hachioji <p> location <o> Greater Tokyo Area <s> Hachioji <p> highest point <o> Mount Daigomaru <s> Hachioji <p> located in time zone <o> Japan Standard Time <s> Hachioji <p> location <o> Western Tokyo <s> Hachioji <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Hachioji <p> shares border with <o> Machida <s> Hachioji <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Hachiōji, Tokyo <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Myōjinchō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kunugidamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hiyoshichō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Narabaramachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kiyokawachō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Asakawamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sandamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asahichō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Matsugaya <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yokokawamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Matsugi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akatsukichō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yokoyamachō <s> Hachioji <p> replaces <o> Kasumi <s> Hachioji <p> replaces <o> Komiya <s> Hachioji <p> replaces <o> Kawaguchi <s> Hachioji <p> replaces <o> Motohachiōji <s> Hachioji <p> shares border with <o> Tama <s> Hachioji <p> shares border with <o> Akishima <s> Hachioji <p> instance of <o> core city of Japan <s> Hachioji <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Hachioji <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Tama Hills <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ueno-machi, Hachioji <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Shin-chō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Utsukimachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Umetsubo-machi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Ichibukata-machi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nibukata-machi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakachō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Misakichō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinchō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tenjinchō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamichō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakanomachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hongōchō <s> Hachioji <p> shares border with <o> Sagamihara <s> Hachioji <p> official symbol <o> Blue-and-white Flycatcher <s> Hachioji <p> official symbol <o> Lilium auratum <s> Hachioji <p> instance of <o> college town <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kinugaoka <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nagabusamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tatemachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ishikawamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Katakuramachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Oiwakechō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yarimizu <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kashima <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Koshino <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Midorichō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naganumamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takiyamamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takakuramachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takatsukimachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Suwamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takaomachi <s> Hachioji <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Hachioji <p> capital of <o> Minamitama district <s> Hachioji <p> language used <o> Tama dialect <s> Hachioji <p> history of topic <o> history of Hachiōji <s> Hachioji <p> owner of <o> Hachiōji Yume Art Museum <s> Hachioji <p> owner of <o> Kamiyugi Park <s> Hachioji <p> owner of <o> Kamiyugi Park Athletic Stadium <s> Hachioji <p> named after <o> Hachiōji Castle <s> Hachioji <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Yudono River <s> Hachioji <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Minami-Asa River <s> Hachioji <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Ōkuri River <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Senninchō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yōkamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanōyamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yotsuyamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Koyasumachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nan'yōdai <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Horinouchi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōtsuka <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bessho <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dairakujimachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Moto-Yokoyamachō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hatsuzawamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitanomachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Ōsawa <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Daimachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōwadamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōyamachi <s> Hachioji <p> shares border with <o> Akiruno <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Ongatamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Yugi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tangimachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo-Ongatamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakano-Sannō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mejirodai <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakayama <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakano-Kamichō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kuboyamachō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Namikichō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Moto-Hongōchō <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamino <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo-Yugi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Moto-Hachiōjimachi <s> Hachioji <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Yaji River <s> Hachioji <p> shares border with <o> Fussa <s> Hachioji <p> legislative body <o> Hachioji City Assembly <s> Hachioji <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Akigawa River <s> Hachioji <p> shares border with <o> Hino <s> Hachioji <p> shares border with <o> Hinohara <s> Hachioji <p> replaces <o> Ongata <s> Hachioji <p> replaces <o> Yui <s> Hachioji <p> replaces <o> Asakawa <s> Hachioji <p> replaces <o> Yokoyama <s> Hachioji <p> replaces <o> Yugi <s> Hachioji <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Hachiōji <s> Hachioji <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Hachioji <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Hachiōji <s> Hachioji <p> owner of <o> Takao 599 Museum <s> Hachioji <p> owner of <o> Silk Road Museum <s> Hachioji <p> owner of <o> Hachiōji City Children’s Museum of Science <s> Hachioji <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Hachiōji, Tokyo <s> Hachioji <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 24th district <s> Hachioji <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 21th district <s> Hachioji <p> head of government <o> Takayuki Ishimori <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tobukimachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Komiyamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kawaguchimachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kawamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sanyūmachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yamadamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Uchikoshimachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Teradamachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Todorimachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kobikimachi <s> Hachioji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Otsumachi </Graph>

<Text> :The Islands of Tokyo , also known as the Insular Area of Tokyo Metropolis or Izu-Ogasawara islands , consist of the Izu and Ogasawara island chains to the south of the Izu Peninsula. Tokyo , officially the Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital of Japan and one of the most populous cities in the world with a population of over 14 million residents as of 2023. The Tokyo metropolitan area, which includes Tokyo and nearby prefectures, is the world's most-populous metropolitan area with 40.8 million residents as of 2023, and is the second-largest metropolitan economy in the world after New York, with a 2022 gross metropolitan product estimated at US$2.08 trillion . Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, Tokyo is part of the Kanto region on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Japan's economic center and the seat of both the Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government administers Tokyo's central 23 special wards , various commuter towns and suburbs in its western area, and two outlying island chains known as the Tokyo Islands. Despite most of the world knowing Tokyo as a city, since 1943 its governing structure has been more akin to a prefecture, with an accompanying Governor and Assembly taking precedence over the smaller municipal governments which make up the metropolis. Prior to the 17th century, Tokyo was predominantly a fishing village and was named Edo. In 1603, however, the city ascended to political prominence after being named the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate. By the mid-18th century, Edo emerged as one of the world's most-populous cities with a population of over one million people. Following the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the imperial capital in Kyoto was moved to Edo, and the city was renamed Tokyo . In 1923, Tokyo was damaged substantially by the Great Kanto earthquake, and the city was later badly damaged by allied bombing raids during World War II in retaliation for Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Beginning in the mid-20th century, Tokyo underwent rapid reconstruction and expansion that contributed to the era's so-called Japanese economic miracle in which Japan's economy propelled to the second-largest in the world behind that of the United States. Tokyo is also part of an industrial region that spans from Yokohama and Kawasaki to Chiba. As of 2023, the city is home to 29 of the world's largest 500 companies listed in the annual Fortune Global 500. In 2020, Tokyo ranked fourth on the Global Financial Centres Index behind New York City, London, and Shanghai. Tokyo is categorized as an Alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. The city is home to the world's tallest tower, Tokyo Skytree, and the world's largest underground floodwater diversion facility, the Metropolitan Area Outer Underground Discharge Channel in Kasukabe, Saitama, a Tokyo suburb. The Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, which opened in 1927, is the oldest underground metro line in East Asia. Tokyo is recognized as one of the world's most livable cities; it was ranked fourth in the world in Global Livability Ranking, published in 2021. Tokyo City was a municipality in Japan and capital of Tokyo Prefecture which existed from 1 May 1889 until its merger with its prefecture on 1 July 1943. The historical boundaries of Tokyo City are now occupied by the special wards of Tokyo. The newly-merged government became what is now Tokyo, also known as the Tokyo Metropolis or, ambiguously, Tokyo Prefecture. In 1868, the medieval city of Edo, seat of the Tokugawa government, was renamed Tokyo, and the offices of Tokyo Prefecture were opened. The extent of Tokyo Prefecture was initially limited to the former Edo city, but rapidly augmented to be comparable with the present Tokyo Metropolis. In 1878, the Meiji government's reorganization of local governments subdivided prefectures into counties or districts and districts or wards which were in ordinary prefectures cities as a whole, e.g. today's Hiroshima City was then Hiroshima-ku; the three major cities of Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto were each subdivided into several such wards. In Tokyo Prefecture, this created 15 wards and six counties/districts. In 1888, the central government created the legal framework for the current system of cities that granted some basic local autonomy rights - with some similarities to Prussia's system of local self-government as Meiji government advisor Albert Mosse heavily influenced the organization of local government. But under a special imperial regulation, Tokyo City, like Kyoto City and Osaka City, initially did not maintain a separate mayor; instead, the governor of Tokyo Prefecture served as mayor of Tokyo City. The Tokyo city council/assembly was first elected in May 1889. Each ward also retained its own assembly. City and prefectural government were separated in 1898., and the government began to appoint a separate mayor of Tokyo City in 1898, but retained ward-level legislation, which continues to this day in the special ward system. From 1926, the mayor was elected by the elected city council/assembly from its own ranks. The city hall of Tokyo was located in the Yurakucho district, on a site now occupied by the Tokyo International Forum. In 1943, the city was abolished and merged with Tokyo Prefecture to form the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, which was functionally a part of the central government of Japan: the governor of Tokyo became a Cabinet minister reporting directly to the Prime Minister. This system remained in place until 1947 when the current structure of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government was formed. Adachi is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. It is located to the north of the heart of Tokyo. The ward consists of two separate areas: a small strip of land between the Sumida River and Arakawa River and a larger area north of the Arakawa River. The ward is bordered by the cities of Kawaguchi, Soka and Yashio in Saitama and Katsushika, Sumida, Arakawa and Kita in Tokyo. The ward is called Adachi City in English. Under the Ritsuryo system, the present-day ward was the southern extremity of Adachi District, Musashi Province. In 826, during the Heian period, the Nishiarai Daishi temple was founded. During the Muromachi period and into the Sengoku period, the Chiba clan held control of the region. The Great Senju Bridge was built in 1594. In the Edo period, parts were under the direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate, and parts were under the administration of Kan'ei-ji, a temple in present-day Ueno, Tokyo. Adachi was also home to Senju-shuku was a post station on both the Nikko Kaido and the Mito Kaido. The shogunate maintained the Kozukappara execution grounds in Senju. Nishiarai Daishi, located in Nishiarai, is a temple of the Buzan branch of Shingon Buddhism. Its formal name is Gochisan Henjoin Soji-ji . This is one of the Three Great Temples in the Kanto region along with Kawasaki Daishi and Sano Yakuyoke Daishi, and a large number of people annually visit the temple at New Year. Toneri Park is a metropolitan park located in Toneri. It is divided into east and west sections by Ogubashi Street. The west site has sports facilities such as an athletic stadium, tennis courts and baseball grounds. The east site has a big pond, water park and bird sanctuary. A part of the east site is now under construction. The park can be accessed by arriving at Toneri-koen Station on the Nippori-Toneri Liner or by bus. Bunkyo is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. Situated in the middle of the ward area, Bunkyo is a residential and educational center. Beginning in the Meiji period, literati like Natsume Soseki, as well as scholars and politicians have lived there. Bunkyo is home to the Tokyo Dome, Judo's Kodokan, and the University of Tokyo's Hongo Campus. Bunkyo has a sister-city relationship with Kaiserslautern in the Rhineland-Palatinate of Germany. It was formed in 1947 as a merger of Hongo and Koishikawa wards following Tokyo City's transformation into Tokyo Metropolis. The modern Bunkyo ward exhibits contrasting Shitamachi and Yamanote geographical and cultural division. The Nezu and Sendagi neighborhoods in the ward's eastern corner is attached to the Shitamachi area in Ueno with more traditional Japanese atmosphere. On the other hand, the remaining areas of the ward typically represent Yamanote districts. As of 2022, the ward has a population of 240,069 , and a population density of 21,263 inhabitants per square kilometre . The total area is 11.29 square kilometres . Bunkyo is governed by Mayor Hironobu Narisawa, an independent supported by the Liberal Democratic Party, Democratic Party of Japan and Komeito. The city council has 34 elected members. Chiyoda , also known as Chiyoda City in English, is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. It consists of the Imperial Palace and a surrounding radius of about a kilometer . As of October 2020, the ward has a population of 66,680, and a population density of 5,709 people per km2 , making it by far the least populated of the special wards. The total area is 11.66 km2 , of which the Imperial Palace, Hibiya Park, National Museum of Modern Art, and Yasukuni Shrine take up approximately 2.6 km2 , or 22% of the total area. Chiyoda is an economic powerhouse; the small area east of the palace in the districts of Otemachi, Marunouchi and Yurakucho houses the headquarters of 19 Fortune 500 companies, is the source of roughly 10% of the combined revenue of all Japanese companies, and produced the equivalent of around 1/4th of the GDP of the country in 2017. With a day population of around 850,000, its day/night population ratio is by far the highest of all municipalities in Japan. Chiyoda is also the political center of the country. Chiyoda, literally meaning "field of a thousand generations", inherited the name from the Chiyoda Castle, the other name for Edo Castle, which is the site of the present-day Imperial Palace. With the seat of the Emperor in the Imperial Palace at the ward's center, many government institutions, such as the National Diet, the Prime Minister's Official Residence, the Supreme Court, ministries, and agencies are also located in Chiyoda, as are Tokyo landmarks such as Tokyo Station, Yasukuni Shrine and the Budokan. The neighborhood Akihabara is also located in Chiyoda, as are twenty embassies and consulates. The ward was formed in 1947 as a merger of Kanda and Kojimachi wards following Tokyo City's transformation into Tokyo Metropolis. The modern Chiyoda ward exhibits contrasting Shitamachi and Yamanote geographical and cultural divisions. The Kanda area is in the core of Shitamachi, the original commercial center of Edo-Tokyo. On the other hand, the western part of the Kojimachi area typically represents a Yamanote district. Hachioji is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 31 March 2021, the city had an estimated population of 561,344, and a population density of 3000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 186.38 km2 . Hachioji is located in the foothills of the Okutama Mountains of western Tokyo, about 40 kilometers west of the center of the 23 special wards of Tokyo. The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains, forming the Hachioji Basin which opens up toward the east in the direction of Tokyo. The mountain ranges in the southwest include Mount Takao and Mount Jinba , two popular hiking destinations which can be reached by train and bus, respectively. Hachioji has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Hachioji is 13.9 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1998 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.3 degC, and lowest in January, at around 2.4 degC. The area of present-day Hachioji was part of ancient Musashi Province. It has been an important junction point and post town along the Koshu Kaido, the main road that connected the historical Edo with western Japan. Hachioji Castle was built during the Sengoku period in 1584 by Hojo Ujiteru, but was destroyed in 1590 by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. During the Edo period, the area was tenryo controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate. In the post-Meiji Restoration cadastral reform of July 22, 1878, the area became part of Minamitama District in Kanagawa Prefecture. The town of Hachioji was created on April 1, 1889, with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. Minaitama District was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1893. Hachioji gained city status on September 1, 1917. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Tokyo Citizen's Day <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo Citizen's Day <p> instance of <o> prefectural citizens' day <s> Tokyo Citizen's Day <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo Citizen's Day <p> day in year for periodic occurrence <o> October 1 <s> Tokyo Citizen's Day <p> used by <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <s> Tokyo Citizen's Day <p> commemorates <o> founding <s> Hinohara <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 25th district <s> Hinohara <p> located in protected area <o> Chichibu Tama Kai National Park <s> Hinohara <p> country <o> Japan <s> Hinohara <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Hinohara <p> shares border with <o> Okutama <s> Hinohara <p> shares border with <o> Uenohara <s> Hinohara <p> shares border with <o> Sagamihara <s> Hinohara <p> shares border with <o> Akiruno <s> Hinohara <p> shares border with <o> Hachioji <s> Hinohara <p> shares border with <o> Kosuge <s> Hinohara <p> instance of <o> village of Japan <s> Hinohara <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishitama district <s> Hinohara <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Hinohara <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Hinohara, Tokyo <s> Setagaya-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Setagaya-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Winnipeg <s> Setagaya-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Setagaya-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Setagaya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Suginami-ku <s> Setagaya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Chofu <s> Setagaya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Ota <s> Setagaya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Komae <s> Setagaya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Meguro-ku <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Noge <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akatsutsumi <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nozawa <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamata <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Komazawa <s> Setagaya-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Setagaya-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Setagaya-ku <p> official symbol <o> Azure-winged Magpie <s> Setagaya-ku <p> official symbol <o> Zelkova serrata <s> Setagaya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Mitaka <s> Setagaya-ku <p> head of government <o> Nobuto Hosaka <s> Setagaya-ku <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kinuta Park <s> Setagaya-ku <p> official symbol <o> Pecteilis radiata <s> Setagaya-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Setagaya-ku <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Setagaya <s> Setagaya-ku <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Setagaya, Tokyo <s> Setagaya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Shibuya-ku <s> Setagaya-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 5th district <s> Setagaya-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 6th district <s> Setagaya-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hachimanyama <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitazawa <s> Setagaya-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Setagaya <s> Setagaya-ku <p> has part(s) <o> Kitazawa <s> Setagaya-ku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Setagaya <s> Setagaya-ku <p> headquarters location <o> Setagaya City Hall <s> Setagaya-ku <p> shares border with <o> Kawasaki <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Soshigaya <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Funabashi <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wakabayashi <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fukasawa <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tamagawa-Denen-Chōfu <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Todoroki <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hanegi <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kinuta <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Seta <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ikejiri <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kyōdō <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kyūden <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gōtokuji <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kasuya <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Karasuyama <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Umegaoka <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tamazutsumi <s> Setagaya-ku <p> legislative body <o> Setagaya City Assembly <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamisoshigaya <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mishuku <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sangen-jaya <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamiuma <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakamachi <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Futako-Tamagawa <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Seijō <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kaminoge <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Setagaya <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamikitazawa <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yōga <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimouma <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Okusawa <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Unane <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Tamagawa <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chitosedai <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Miyasaka <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Matsubara <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōhara <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakura <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinmachi <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Okamoto <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Oyamadai <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakuragaoka <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsurumaki <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakura-Shinmachi <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Taishidō <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitami <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Daizawa <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōkura <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakurajōsui <s> Setagaya-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Daita <s> Portal:Tokyo <p> Wikimedia portal's main topic <o> Tokyo <s> Portal:Tokyo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia portal <s> Taitō-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Taitō-ku <p> official symbol <o> Ipomoea nil <s> Taitō-ku <p> continent <o> Asia <s> Taitō-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Taitō-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains settlement <o> Ueno <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains settlement <o> Asakusa <s> Taitō-ku <p> official symbol <o> cherry blossom <s> Taitō-ku <p> located in time zone <o> Japan Standard Time <s> Taitō-ku <p> shares border with <o> Chiyoda-ku <s> Taitō-ku <p> shares border with <o> Chūō-ku <s> Taitō-ku <p> shares border with <o> Arakawa-ku <s> Taitō-ku <p> shares border with <o> Bunkyo <s> Taitō-ku <p> shares border with <o> Sumida-ku <s> Taitō-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Sumida River <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ueno <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asakusa <s> Taitō-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Osaki <s> Taitō-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Taitō <s> Taitō-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Minamiaizu <s> Taitō-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Suwa <s> Taitō-ku <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Taitō <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains settlement <o> Yanesen <s> Taitō-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Taitō-ku <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Taitō <s> Taitō-ku <p> replaces <o> Shitaya-ku <s> Taitō-ku <p> replaces <o> Asakusa-ku <s> Taitō-ku <p> head of government <o> Masao Hattori <s> Taitō-ku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:Births in Taitō <s> Taitō-ku <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Taito, Tokyo <s> Taitō-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Taitō-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 2nd district <s> Taitō-ku <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Taito, Tokyo <s> Taitō-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 14th district <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akihabara <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Torigoe <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Komagata <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yanaka <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kaminarimon <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Asakusa <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kojima <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kotobuki <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Asakusa <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Matsugaya <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Negishi <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kiyokawa <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kuramae <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hashiba <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Senzoku <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hanakawado <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Taitō <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nihonzutsumi <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Ueno <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ryūsen <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yanagibashi <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ikenohata <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-Ueno <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asakusabashi <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Imado <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minowa <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Iriya <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Moto-Asakusa <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ueno-Sakuragi <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shitaya <s> Taitō-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Misuji <s> Taitō-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Kanda River <s> Nerima-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Nerima-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Nerima-ku <p> official symbol <o> Rhododendron <s> Nerima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Nakano <s> Nerima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Itabashi-ku <s> Nerima-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 28th district <s> Nerima-ku <p> mascot <o> Nerimaru <s> Nerima-ku <p> replaces <o> Itabashi-ku <s> Nerima-ku <p> separated from <o> Itabashi-ku <s> Nerima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Toshima-ku <s> Nerima-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Nerima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Asaka <s> Nerima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Niiza <s> Nerima-ku <p> foods traditionally associated <o> Nerima daikon <s> Nerima-ku <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Musashino Plateau <s> Nerima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Nishitokyo <s> Nerima-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 10th district <s> Nerima-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 9th district <s> Nerima-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Nerima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Musashino <s> Nerima-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Nerima <s> Nerima-ku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Nerima <s> Nerima-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Nerima-ku <p> official symbol <o> Magnolia kobus <s> Nerima-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Nerima-ku <p> head of government <o> Akio Maekawa <s> Nerima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Wako <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toyotama-Naka <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nukui <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishiki <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toyotama-Kita <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toyotama-Minami <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sekimachi-Minami <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asahigaoka <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hazawa <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shakujii-machi <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nerima <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toyotama-Kami <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Heiwadai <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tagara <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yahara <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hayamiya <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asahichō <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakaechō <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakuradai <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tatenochō <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kasugachō <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hikawadai <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shakujii-Dai <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takanodai <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takamatsu <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sekimachi-Higashi <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sekimachi-Kita <s> Nerima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Suginami-ku <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Ōizumi <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Miharadai <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Doshida <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fujimidai <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kotakechō <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Shakujii-Minamichō <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakamura-Minami <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Ōizumi <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakamura-Kita <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Ōizumi <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakamura <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Shakujii <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitamachi <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kōyama <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Ōizumi-Machi <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōizumimachi <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo-Shakujii <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hikarigaoka <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Tanaka <s> Nerima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōizumigakuenchō <s> Nerima-ku <p> executive body <o> Nerima Ward Office <s> Machida <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 23rd district <s> Machida <p> country <o> Japan <s> Machida <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Machida <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Machida <p> official symbol <o> Common Kingfisher <s> Machida <p> replaces <o> Machida <s> Machida <p> shares border with <o> Yokohama <s> Machida <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Machida, Tokyo <s> Machida <p> official symbol <o> Salvia splendens <s> Machida <p> official symbol <o> Zelkova serrata <s> Machida <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Tama Hills <s> Machida <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Machida <p> location <o> Greater Tokyo Area <s> Machida <p> location <o> Western Tokyo <s> Machida <p> shares border with <o> Kawasaki <s> Machida <p> shares border with <o> Tama <s> Machida <p> shares border with <o> Sagamihara <s> Machida <p> replaces <o> Sakai <s> Machida <p> replaces <o> Tsurukawa <s> Machida <p> replaces <o> Tadao <s> Machida <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Machida, Tokyo <s> Machida <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Machida <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Machida <p> shares border with <o> Hachioji <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yamazakimachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Miwamidoriyama <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Naruse <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo-Oyamada-Machi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hara-Machida <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakamachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Ōya <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōkuramachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Oyamadamachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Zushimachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Tsukushino <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsukushino <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Miwamachi <s> Machida <p> shares border with <o> Yamato <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Oyamagaoka <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Oyakada-Sakuradai <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ogawa <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Oyamamachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hirobakama <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kiso-Higashi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kiso-Nishi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Onojimachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yamazaki <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hirohakamamachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naruse <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naruse-Dai <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kiso-Machi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hon-Machida <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokiwamachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tadao <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asahimachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naruse-Gaoka <s> Machida <p> head of government <o> Jōichi Ishizaka <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kogasaka <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanamori-Higashi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsurukawa <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsuruma <s> Machida <p> anthem <o> Machida City Song <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yabemachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanaimachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yakushidai <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Morino <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Negishimachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Aihara <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanai <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanamori <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nōgaya <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tamagawa-Gakuen <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinkōji <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Negishi (Machida) <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinkōjimachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nozutamachi <s> Machida <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Tamagawa-Gakuen <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> country <o> Japan <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Tokyo <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> replaces <o> Governor of Tokyo <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> officeholder <o> Shintarō Ishihara <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> has list <o> list of governors of Tokyo <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> officeholder <o> Yōichi Masuzoe <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> officeholder <o> Ryokichi Minobe <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> instance of <o> position <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> organization directed by the office or position <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> officeholder <o> Shunichi Suzuki <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> officeholder <o> Ryōtarō Azuma <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> officeholder <o> Seiichirō Yasui <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> officeholder <o> Naoki Inose <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> officeholder <o> Yukio Aoshima <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> subclass of <o> Governor (Japan) <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> official residence <o> Tokyo Governor's Residence <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Governors of Tokyo <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> substitute/deputy/replacement of office/officeholder <o> vice-governor of Tokyo <s> Governor of Tokyo <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Governors of Tokyo <s> Akishima <p> country <o> Japan <s> Akishima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Akishima <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Akishima <p> shares border with <o> Hachioji <s> Akishima <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Akishima <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Akishima <p> shares border with <o> Tachikawa <s> Akishima <p> shares border with <o> Hino <s> Akishima <p> shares border with <o> Fussa <s> Akishima <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Haijimachō <s> Akishima <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Akishima, Tokyo <s> Akishima <p> replaces <o> Haijima <s> Akishima <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 25th district <s> Akishima <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Midorichō <s> Akishima <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Matsubarachō <s> Akishima <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mihorichō <s> Akishima <p> twinned administrative body <o> Iwaizumi <s> Akishima <p> replaces <o> Shōwa <s> Akishima <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 21th district <s> Akishima <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Akishima, Tokyo <s> Akishima <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Akishima <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Akishima, Tokyo <s> Akiruno <p> country <o> Japan <s> Akiruno <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Akiruno <p> shares border with <o> Ome <s> Akiruno <p> shares border with <o> Hinohara <s> Akiruno <p> shares border with <o> Hachioji <s> Akiruno <p> shares border with <o> Hamura <s> Akiruno <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Akiruno <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Akiruno <p> shares border with <o> Okutama <s> Akiruno <p> shares border with <o> Fussa <s> Akiruno <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kurihara <s> Akiruno <p> replaces <o> Akigawa <s> Akiruno <p> replaces <o> Itsukaichi <s> Akiruno <p> shares border with <o> Hinode <s> Akiruno <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Akiruno, Tokyo <s> Akiruno <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Akiruno <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Akiruno, Tokyo <s> Akiruno <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 25th district </Graph>

<Text> :Hinohara is a village located in West Tokyo, the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the village had an estimated population of 2,101, and a population density of 20 persons per km2. The total area of the village is 105.41 square kilometres . It is the only administrative unit left in the non-insular area of Tokyo that is still classified as a village. Hinohara lies in the mountainous upper reaches of the Akigawa, a tributary of the Tama River. The highest point is the summit of Mount Mito at 1528 m. 93% of its area is forest. Motoshuku, at the confluence of the north and south branches of the Akigawa, is the center of the village and is where the village offices are located. Mountains in Hinohara include Shoto , Ichimichi , Kariyose , Usuki , and Odake . Hinohara has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Hinohara is 11.8 degC. The average annual rainfall is 2091 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 23.2 degC, and lowest in January, at around 0.3 degC. The area of present-day Hinohara was part of ancient Musashi Province. In the post-Meiji Restoration cadastral reform of July 22, 1878, the area became part of Nishitama District in Kanagawa Prefecture. The village of Hinohara was created on April 1, 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. Nishitama District was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1893. Setagaya is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. It is also the name of a neighborhood and administrative district within the ward. Its official bird is the azure-winged magpie, its flower is the fringed orchid, and its tree is the Zelkova serrata. Setagaya has the largest population and second-largest area of Tokyo's special wards. As of July 1, 2023, the ward has an estimated population of 940,071, and a population density of 16,194 persons per km2 with the total area of 58.06 km2. Residential population is among the highest in Tokyo as there are many residential neighbourhoods within Setagaya. Setagaya is served by various rail services providing frequent two- to three-minute headway rush-hour services to the busiest train terminals of Shinjuku and Shibuya as well as through service trains which continue travelling on to the Tokyo Metro lines providing direct access to the central commercial and business districts. Most rail lines run parallel from east to west and there are no north to south rail services within Setagaya, except for Setagaya Line light rail. The ward is divided into five districts. These are Setagaya, Kitazawa, Tamagawa, Kinuta and Karasuyama. The main ward office and municipal assembly is located in Setagaya District, but other districts also have their own branch ward offices as a part of the administrative structure. Each branch office provides almost identical services as the main office, but does not provide the services related to municipal assembly. Tokyo , officially the Tokyo Metropolis , is the capital of Japan and one of the most populous cities in the world with a population of over 14 million residents as of 2023. The Tokyo metropolitan area, which includes Tokyo and nearby prefectures, is the world's most-populous metropolitan area with 40.8 million residents , and is the second-largest metropolitan economy in the world after New York, with a 2022 gross metropolitan product estimated at US$2.08 trillion . Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, Tokyo is part of the Kanto region on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Japan's economic center and the seat of both the Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government administers Tokyo's central 23 special wards , various commuter towns and suburbs in its western area, and two outlying island chains known as the Tokyo Islands. Despite most of the world knowing Tokyo as a city, since 1943 its governing structure has been more akin to a prefecture, with an accompanying Governor and Assembly taking precedence over the smaller municipal governments which make up the metropolis. Prior to the 17th century, Tokyo was predominantly a fishing village and was named Edo. In 1603, however, the city ascended to political prominence after being named the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate. By the mid-18th century, Edo emerged as one of the world's most-populous cities with a population of over one million people. Following the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the imperial capital in Kyoto was moved to Edo, and the city was renamed Tokyo . In 1923, Tokyo was damaged substantially by the Great Kanto earthquake, and the city was later badly damaged by allied bombing raids during World War II in retaliation for Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Beginning in the mid-20th century, Tokyo underwent rapid reconstruction and expansion that contributed to the era's so-called Japanese economic miracle in which Japan's economy propelled to the second-largest in the world behind that of the United States. Tokyo is also part of an industrial region that spans from Yokohama and Kawasaki to Chiba. , the city is home to 29 of the world's largest 500 companies listed in the annual Fortune Global 500. You are invited to participate in the Tokyo task force, a task force dedicated to developing and improving articles about the Tokyo metropolis, including the Special wards of Tokyo, West Tokyo, and the islands. As of 1 May 2016, the ward has an estimated population of 721,858, with 323,296 households and a population density of 15,013 persons per km2, while 15,326 foreign residents are registered and 21.6% of the ward's population is over the age of 65. The total area is 48.08 km2. On October 1, 1932, Nerima town, and Kami-Nerima, Naka-Arai, Shakujii and Oizumi Villages were incorporated in Old Tokyo City. Prior to the creation of the ward on August 1, 1947, the area had been part of Itabashi. In 1952, the Japan Self-Defense Forces established a base there. The first division of the eastern group of the Ground Self-Defense Force has its headquarters there. The United States Forces Japan already had a base, Grant Heights, which it returned to Japanese control in 1973. Grant Heights had been Narimasu airfield under the Imperial Japanese Army until the end of World War II. The runway is now the main street in front of the IMA department store in Hikarigaoka. Nerima lies at the northwestern edge of the 23 central wards of Tokyo. Neighboring wards are Itabashi , Suginami, Toshima and Nakano , as well as the cities of Musashino and Nishi-Tokyo . To the north lie three cities in Saitama Prefecture: Wako, Asaka and Niiza. Toei Animation has its headquarters in the Ohizumi Studio in Nerima. Anime International Company has its headquarters in the AIC Digital Building. In addition, Studio Comet, and Mushi Production have their headquarters in Nerima. As Tokyo has the largest economy and population in the country, government policies can greatly affect national affairs, giving a governor significant influence in the country and a louder voice in the National Governors' Association. The annual budget of Tokyo is about 13 trillion yen, ten times that of other prefectures and comparable to the national budget of Indonesia, so a governor also has a great deal of influence in the national economy. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has more than 160,000 employees, making it by far Japan's largest employer. Candidates must be a citizen of Japan and be a resident of Tokyo for more than three months, and must be over the age of 30. Candidates must also put up three million yen to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, which will only be returned if they receive at least 10% of the votes. Akishima is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 113,542, and a population density of 6500 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 17.34 square kilometres . Akishima is located on the left bank of the Tama River, about 35 kilometers west of central Tokyo. The Tamagawa Aqueduct flows in the northern part of the city. The city area generally slopes gently from northwest to southeast toward the Tama River, which flows to the south of the city. The altitude of the city area is 170.72 meters above sea level at the highest point and 76.68 meters at the lowest point. With the JR East Ome Line running east to west through the city as a boundary, housing estates, industrial parks, golf courses, and the Showa Memorial Park occupy a large area in the north. In the south, residential areas occupy a large proportion of the city area. Akishima has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Akishima is 13.9 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1998 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.4 degC, and lowest in January, at around 2.5 degC. The area of present-day Akishima was part of ancient Musashi Province, and a center for sericulture. In the post-Meiji Restoration cadastral reform of July 22, 1878, the area became part of Kitatama District in Kanagawa Prefecture. Haiji, Nakagami, and Sotoyatsu villages were created on April 1, 1889, with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. The entire district was transferred to the control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1893. The latter two villages merged on January 1, 1928, to form Showa Village. Following the dedication of Tachikawa Airfield, which was established in 1922, the surrounding area developed in the 1930s with large-scale munitions factories for aircraft manufacturing for the Imperial Japanese Army. Akiruno is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 80,177, and a population density of 1100 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 73.47 square kilometres . Akiruno is located in the foothills of the Okutama Mountains of western Tokyo, approximately 40-50 kilometers from the center of Tokyo. The Aki River and Hirai River flow through the city. It measures approximately 18 kilometers form east-to-west by 12.7 kilometers from north-to-south. Because of its rich nature and calm surroundings compared to central Tokyo, and because of access to transportation, many tourists choose Akiruno for their vacation. Especially Seoto-no-yo Spa is famous for its high quality alkaline spring and is referred to as the "beautiful skin spa". Also, Akiruno is one of the most popular place for BBQ, biking and hiking. One of the most famous trail running cups in Japan, The Hasetsune Cup, is held in Akiruno. Akiruno has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Akiruno is 13.2 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1998 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 24.6 degC, and lowest in January, at around1.9 degC. During the winter months, snowfall in the mountainous areas is almost daily. There is a difference in climate between the eastern part near the former Akigawa city and the western part near the former Itsukaichi town, and the temperature in the western part is generally lower than that in the eastern part. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:Deaths in Tokyo <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> Tokyo City <s> Category:Deaths in Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> Tokyo <s> Category:Deaths in Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> Tokyo <s> Category:Deaths in Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> Tokyo Prefecture <s> Category:Deaths in Tokyo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Tokyo <p> opposite of <o> Category:Births in Tokyo <s> Chofu <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 22nd district <s> Chofu <p> country <o> Japan <s> Chofu <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Chofu <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Chofu <p> shares border with <o> Koganei <s> Chofu <p> shares border with <o> Setagaya-ku <s> Chofu <p> shares border with <o> Komae <s> Chofu <p> shares border with <o> Mitaka <s> Chofu <p> shares border with <o> Kawasaki <s> Chofu <p> shares border with <o> Fuchū <s> Chofu <p> shares border with <o> Inagi <s> Chofu <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Chofu <p> replaces <o> Chōfu <s> Chofu <p> replaces <o> Jindai <s> Chofu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kijimadaira <s> Chofu <p> head of government <o> Yoshiki Nagatomo <s> Chofu <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Chōfu, Tokyo <s> Chofu <p> legislative body <o> Chofu City Council <s> Chofu <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Chofu <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Chōfu, Tokyo <s> Chofu <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Category:Births in Tokyo <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Births in Tokyo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Births in Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> Tokyo <s> Category:Births in Tokyo <p> category combines topics <o> place of birth <s> Category:Births in Tokyo <p> opposite of <o> Category:Deaths in Tokyo <s> Suginami-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Suginami-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Suginami-ku <p> official symbol <o> Cryptomeria japonica <s> Suginami-ku <p> official symbol <o> Metasequoia glyptostroboides <s> Suginami-ku <p> shares border with <o> Nakano <s> Suginami-ku <p> shares border with <o> Nerima-ku <s> Suginami-ku <p> shares border with <o> Shibuya-ku <s> Suginami-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Suginami-ku <p> official symbol <o> Camellia sasanqua <s> Suginami-ku <p> shares border with <o> Mitaka <s> Suginami-ku <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Musashino Plateau <s> Suginami-ku <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> Suginami-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Suginami-ku <p> shares border with <o> Musashino <s> Suginami-ku <p> shares border with <o> Setagaya-ku <s> Suginami-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Suginami-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Suginami-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Suginami <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kōenji <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asagaya <s> Suginami-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Suginami-ku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Suginami <s> Suginami-ku <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Suginami <s> Suginami-ku <p> mascot <o> Namisuke <s> Suginami-ku <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Suginami, Tokyo <s> Suginami-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 8th district <s> Suginami-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 27th district <s> Suginami-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 7th district <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hōnan <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hamadayama <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takaido-Higashi <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishiogi-Kita <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hon-Amanuma <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takaido-Nishi <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Momoi <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Izumi <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Matsunoki <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimizu <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Narita-Nishi <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishiogi-Minami <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shōan <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Umezato <s> Suginami-ku <p> head of government <o> Ryō Tanaka <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Takaido <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo-Takaido <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōmiya <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wada <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo-Igusa <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Horinouchi <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Amanuma <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Imagawa <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Eifuku <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Miyamae <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Narita-Higashi <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Igusa <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Igusa <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Zenbukuji <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kugayama <s> Suginami-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ogikubo <s> Suginami-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nayoro <s> Arakawa-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Arakawa-ku <p> different from <o> Arakawa <s> Arakawa-ku <p> official symbol <o> Rhododendron <s> Arakawa-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 14th district <s> Arakawa-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 29th district <s> Arakawa-ku <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Arakawa, Tokyo <s> Arakawa-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Arakawa-ku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Arakawa, Tokyo <s> Arakawa-ku <p> official symbol <o> cherry blossom <s> Arakawa-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Arakawa-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jeju <s> Arakawa-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fukushima <s> Arakawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Sumida-ku <s> Arakawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Adachi-ku <s> Arakawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Kita-ku <s> Arakawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Taitō-ku <s> Arakawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Bunkyo <s> Arakawa-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tsukuba <s> Arakawa-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Sumida River <s> Arakawa-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Arakawa-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Arakawa-ku <p> named after <o> Arakawa River <s> Arakawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Senju <s> Arakawa-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Arakawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Arakawa <s> Arakawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Nippori <s> Arakawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Ogu <s> Arakawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Machiya <s> Arakawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Ogu <s> Arakawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Nippori <s> Arakawa-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Arakawa, Tokyo <s> Arakawa-ku <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> Arakawa-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Arakawa-ku <p> head of government <o> Taiichirō Nishikawa <s> Arakawa-ku <p> mascot <o> Arabō <s> Arakawa-ku <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Arakawa <s> Arakawa-ku <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Arakawa, Tokyo <s> Katsushika-ku <p> official symbol <o> Salix babylonica <s> Katsushika-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Katsushika-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Katsushika-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Katsushika-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Katsushika-ku <p> shares border with <o> Adachi-ku <s> Katsushika-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Katsushika-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 17th district <s> Katsushika-ku <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Katsushika, Tokyo <s> Katsushika-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Katsushika <s> Katsushika-ku <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Katsushika <s> Katsushika-ku <p> owner of <o> Katsushika Symphony Hills <s> Katsushika-ku <p> shares border with <o> Sumida-ku <s> Katsushika-ku <p> official symbol <o> Iris ensata var. ensata <s> Katsushika-ku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Katsushika <s> Katsushika-ku <p> shares border with <o> Misato <s> Katsushika-ku <p> shares border with <o> Yashio <s> Katsushika-ku <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> Katsushika-ku <p> named after <o> Katsushika district <s> Katsushika-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Floridsdorf <s> Katsushika-ku <p> shares border with <o> Matsudo <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tateishi <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mizumoto Park <s> Katsushika-ku <p> shares border with <o> Edogawa-ku <s> Katsushika-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Katsushika-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Shin-Koiwa <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Mizumoto <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Yotsugi <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Tateishi <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ohanajaya <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kameari <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yotsugi <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Horikiri <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kosuge <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Horikiri <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takaramachi <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Niijuku <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Mizumoto <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shin-Koiwa <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Okudo <s> Katsushika-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Naka River <s> Katsushika-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Edo River <s> Katsushika-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Arakawa River <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Kanamachi <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanamachi-Jōsuijō <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takasago <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanamachi <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shiratori <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamakura <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mizumoto <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shibamata <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Shin-Koiwa <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hosoda <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Aoto <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Kameari <s> Katsushika-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Mizumoto <s> Katsushika-ku <p> headquarters location <o> Katsushika City Hall <s> Fuchū <p> country <o> Japan <s> Fuchū <p> replaces <o> Fuchū <s> Fuchū <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Fuchū <p> different from <o> Fuchū <s> Fuchū <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Fuchū <p> shares border with <o> Tama <s> Fuchū <p> shares border with <o> Hino <s> Fuchū <p> shares border with <o> Chofu <s> Fuchū <p> replaces <o> Nishifu <s> Fuchū <p> replaces <o> Tama <s> Fuchū <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 18th district <s> Fuchū <p> shares border with <o> Koganei <s> Fuchū <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Fuchū <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Fuchū <p> shares border with <o> Kokubunji <s> Fuchū <p> capital of <o> Musashi Province <s> Fuchū <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Fuchū <p> head of government <o> Norio Takano <s> Fuchū <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Fuchū, Tokyo <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tamachō <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Oshitatechō <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinmachi <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asahichō <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakaechō <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Musashidai <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitayamachō <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kotobukichō <s> Fuchū <p> shares border with <o> Inagi <s> Fuchū <p> shares border with <o> Kunitachi <s> Fuchū <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Fuchū <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Momijigaoka <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sengenchō <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wakamatsuchō <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Katamachi <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shiraitodai <s> Fuchū <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Midorichō <s> Fuchū <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 22nd district <s> Fuchū <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 30th district <s> Fuchū <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Fuchu, Tokyo <s> Fuchū <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Fuchū, Tokyo <s> Kodaira <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Kodaira <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Kodaira <p> country <o> Japan <s> Kodaira <p> shares border with <o> Nishitokyo <s> Kodaira <p> shares border with <o> Tachikawa <s> Kodaira <p> shares border with <o> Higashikurume <s> Kodaira <p> shares border with <o> Higashimurayama <s> Kodaira <p> shares border with <o> Koganei <s> Kodaira <p> shares border with <o> Kokubunji <s> Kodaira <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Kodaira <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Kodaira <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Miyukichō <s> Kodaira <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hana-Koganei <s> Kodaira <p> shares border with <o> Higashiyamato <s> Kodaira <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Kodaira <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 19th district <s> Kodaira <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ogawachō <s> Kodaira <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jōsui-Shinmachi <s> Kodaira <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kiheichō <s> Kodaira <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jōsui-Honchō <s> Kodaira <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jōsui-Minamichō <s> Kodaira <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Meguritachō <s> Kodaira <p> legislative body <o> Kodaira City Assembly <s> Kodaira <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Kodaira, Tokyo <s> Kodaira <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kodaira, Tokyo <s> Okutama <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Okutama <p> country <o> Japan <s> Okutama <p> shares border with <o> Hinohara <s> Okutama <p> shares border with <o> Kosuge <s> Okutama <p> shares border with <o> Chichibu <s> Okutama <p> shares border with <o> Akiruno <s> Okutama <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Okutama, Tokyo <s> Okutama <p> replaces <o> Hikawa <s> Okutama <p> replaces <o> Ogōchi <s> Okutama <p> replaces <o> Kori <s> Okutama <p> instance of <o> town of Japan <s> Okutama <p> shares border with <o> Hanno <s> Okutama <p> shares border with <o> Uenohara <s> Okutama <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Okutama <p> shares border with <o> Tabayama <s> Okutama <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 25th district <s> Okutama <p> located in protected area <o> Chichibu Tama Kai National Park <s> Okutama <p> shares border with <o> Ome <s> Okutama <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishitama district <s> Ogasawara Village <p> country <o> Japan <s> Ogasawara Village <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> United States administered Bonin Islands <s> Ogasawara Village <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Ogasawara Village <p> official symbol <o> Pandanus boninensis <s> Ogasawara Village <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Ogasawara Archipelago <s> Ogasawara Village <p> official symbol <o> Apalopteron familiare hahasima <s> Ogasawara Village <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Ogasawara Village <p> official symbol <o> Schima mertensiana <s> Ogasawara Village <p> different from <o> Bonin Islands <s> Ogasawara Village <p> different from <o> Ogasawara Subprefecture <s> Ogasawara Village <p> different from <o> Ogasawara Archipelago <s> Ogasawara Village <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ogasawara, Tokyo <s> Ogasawara Village <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 3rd district <s> Ogasawara Village <p> named after <o> Bonin Islands <s> Ogasawara Village <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ogasawara Subprefecture <s> Ogasawara Village <p> official symbol <o> Mackerel scad <s> Ogasawara Village <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Ogasawara <s> Ogasawara Village <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Ogasawara Village <p> coextensive with <o> Ogasawara Subprefecture <s> Ogasawara Village <p> coextensive with <o> Ogasawara Archipelago <s> Ogasawara Village <p> instance of <o> village of Japan </Graph>

<Text> :Chofu is a city in the western side of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 238,087, and a population density of 11,000 per km2. the total area of the city is 21.58 square kilometres . Chofu is approximately in the south-center of Tokyo Metropolis, approximately 20 kilometers west from downtown Tokyo, on the Musashino Terrace bordered by the floodplains of the Tama River and the Iruma River. Chofu has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Chofu is 14.5 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1647 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.0 degC, and lowest in January, at around 3.1 degC. The area of present-day Chofu has been inhabited since Japanese Paleolithic times, and numerous remains from the Jomon, Yayoi and Kofun periods have been discovered. During the Nara period, it became part of ancient Musashi Province. During the Sengoku period, the area was frequently contested between the Later Hojo clan and Uesugi clan. During the Edo period, the area prospered as a post station on the Koshu Kaido and as a center for sericulture. The origin of the city name "Chofu" comes from the fact that it was allowed to pay taxes in cloth instead of in rice. Suginami occupies the western part of the ward area of Tokyo. Its neighbors include these special wards: to the east, Shibuya and Nakano; to the north, Nerima; and to the south, Setagaya. Its western neighbors are the cities of Mitaka and Musashino. The name Suginami dates back to the early Edo period and is a shortened version of Suginamiki . This name came about when an early land baron, Lord Tadayoshi Okabe, planted a row of cedar trees to mark the bounds of his property. In 1970, 40 high school students in the area were exposed to photochemical smog and required hospitalization. The incident attracted national attention and increased awareness of the dangers of pollution. Historically, Suginami has leaned toward liberal activism. In 1954, local housewives launched the "Suginami Appeal" against nuclear weapons, a petition that spread nationwide and ultimately collected 20 million signatures. More recently in 2005, Suginami became part of Japan's fight against nationalist textbook revisionism when residents petitioned Tokyo's courts to prevent the adoption of a controversial textbook published by Fusosha Publishing which claimed to justify Japanese actions during World War II. The ward has also passed an ordinance placing limits on the installation of security cameras. Arakawa is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. The ward takes its name from the river, the Arakawa, though the Arakawa River does not run through or touch the ward. Its neighbors are the wards of Adachi, Kita, Bunkyo, Taito and Sumida. In English, the ward calls itself Arakawa City. The area was mainly agricultural in the Edo period. In 1651, Kozukappara, the Tokugawa's largest execution ground , was built. Beginning in the Meiji era, the area became industrial as factories were built on the water front. On 1 July 1944, during World War II, the Imperial Japanese Army established a Prisoner of War camp named #20-B, on the grounds nearby Hashiba Bridge, Minami-Senju, Arakawa, at the current day location with the address of 3-41 Minami-Senju, Arakawa. The camp was renamed to #10-B, in August 1945. The prisoners of the camp were liberated in September 1945. At the time, there were 256 prisoners of war held at the camp. Two prisoners of war died during their imprisonment. MIAT Mongolian Airlines's Tokyo Branch Office is on the fifth floor in the Tachibana Building in Arakawa. Iseki, a tractor and engine equipment manufacturer has its Tokyo head office in the ward. Kodaira is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 195,207 in 93,654 households, and a population density of 9500 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 20.51 square kilometres . Kodaira has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Kodaira is 14.0 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1647 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.5 degC, and lowest in January, at around 2.6 degC. The area of present-day Kodaira was part of ancient Musashi Province, but was a largely unpopulated area under the opening of the Tamagawa Aqueduct in the Edo period made agriculture possible. In the post-Meiji Restoration cadastral reform of July 22, 1878, the area became part of Kitatama District in Kanagawa Prefecture. The village of Kodaira was created on April 1, 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. Kitatama District was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1893. The population of the area expanded after the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake with the relocation of universities and housing areas from central Tokyo. Kodaira was elevated to town status in 1944 and to city status on October 1, 1962. Kodaira has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 28 members. Kodaira contributes two members to the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Tokyo 18th district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan. Okutama is a town located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan, at a distance of roughly 60 kilometres west-northwest of Tokyo Imperial Palace. As of 1 April 2021, the town had an estimated population of 4,949, and a population density of 22 persons per km2. The total area of the town is 225.53 square kilometres . Okutama is located in the Okutama Mountains of far western Tokyo. It is geographically the largest municipality in Tokyo. Mount Kumotori, Tokyo's highest peak at 2017 m, divides Okutama from the Okuchichibu region of the neighboring Saitama and Yamanashi Prefectures. Tokyo's northernmost and westernmost points lie in Okutama, as does Lake Okutama, an important source of water for Tokyo, situated above the Ogochi Dam in the town. Okutama has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Okutama is 10.6 degC. The average annual rainfall is 2091 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 22.1 degC, and lowest in January, at around minus 1.1 degC. People began settling in Okutama from before the Jomon Period and many archaeological sites have been found with ancient pottery. During the Yayoi period, rice cultivation began in the flatter lands of present-day Okutama, but most of the area remained covered by forests and only small flat lands existed. Ogasawara is a village in Ogasawara Subprefecture, Tokyo Metropolis, Japan, that governs the Bonin Islands, Volcano Islands, and three remote islands . In August 2020, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government held a council about a potential airport. It would be operational in 10 years at the earliest. The mayor of Ogasawara Village, Kazuo Morishita said ""The airport is the village's long-cherished wish. Governor Koike also said at a regular press conference that day, " is an effective measure to secure the air routes necessary to protect the lives of the islanders." The population of the municipality resides on Chichi-jima and Haha-jima . The administration and village hall is located in the village of Omura on Chichi-jima. In addition, there is an air base with 400 soldiers on Iwojima of the Volcano Islands. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Mizuho <p> country <o> Japan <s> Mizuho <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Mizuho <p> shares border with <o> Ome <s> Mizuho <p> shares border with <o> Tokorozawa <s> Mizuho <p> shares border with <o> Fussa <s> Mizuho <p> shares border with <o> Hamura <s> Mizuho <p> replaces <o> Ishihata <s> Mizuho <p> replaces <o> Nagaoka <s> Mizuho <p> replaces <o> Motosayama <s> Mizuho <p> replaces <o> Tonogaya <s> Mizuho <p> replaces <o> Hakonegasaki <s> Mizuho <p> shares border with <o> Musashimurayama <s> Mizuho <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Mizuho <p> shares border with <o> Iruma <s> Mizuho <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mizuho, Tokyo <s> Mizuho <p> twinned administrative body <o> Morgan Hill <s> Mizuho <p> instance of <o> town of Japan <s> Mizuho <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishitama district <s> Mizuho <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Mizuho <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 25th district <s> Kunitachi <p> country <o> Japan <s> Kunitachi <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Kunitachi <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Kunitachi <p> shares border with <o> Fuchū <s> Kunitachi <p> shares border with <o> Kokubunji <s> Kunitachi <p> shares border with <o> Tachikawa <s> Kunitachi <p> shares border with <o> Hino <s> Kunitachi <p> instance of <o> human settlement <s> Kunitachi <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Kunitachi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi <s> Kunitachi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Izumi <s> Kunitachi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yaho <s> Kunitachi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita <s> Kunitachi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naka <s> Kunitachi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi <s> Kunitachi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fujimidai <s> Kunitachi <p> instance of <o> college town <s> Kunitachi <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Kunitachi <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kitaakita <s> Kunitachi <p> named after <o> Kunitachi Station <s> Kunitachi <p> location <o> Western Tokyo <s> Kunitachi <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kunitachi, Tokyo <s> Kunitachi <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Kunitachi, Tokyo <s> Kunitachi <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 21th district <s> Kunitachi <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 19th district <s> Edogawa-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 14th district <s> Edogawa-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 17th district <s> Edogawa-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 16th district <s> Edogawa-ku <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Edogawa, Tokyo <s> Edogawa-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Edogawa-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Edogawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Ichikawa <s> Edogawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Koto <s> Edogawa-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Edogawa-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tokyo Bay <s> Edogawa-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Edogawa, Tokyo <s> Edogawa-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Edogawa-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Edogawa-ku <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Edogawa <s> Edogawa-ku <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> Edogawa-ku <p> head of government <o> Takeshi Saito <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Komatsugawa <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Edogawa <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Mizue <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Okinomiyachō <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Honisshiki <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Matsumoto <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Seishinchō <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Shinozaki <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rinkaichō <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Kasai <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinozakimachi <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Matsumoto <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Matsushima <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Koiwa <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Matsue <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mizue <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-Koiwa <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ukitachō <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōsugi <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hirai <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichinoe <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ninoechō <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichinoechō <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamiisshiki <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naka-Kasai <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-Shinozaki <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Koiwa <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Shinozakimachi <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Kasai <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Komatsugawa <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-Kasai <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nībori <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo-Shinozakimachi <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Haruechō <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chūō <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamishinozaki <s> Edogawa-ku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Edogawa, Tokyo <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Mizue <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Komatsugawamachi <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Shinozaki <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Koiwa <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Funabori <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Ichinoe <s> Edogawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Sumida-ku <s> Edogawa-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Edogawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Katsushika-ku <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yagouchi <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Kasai <s> Edogawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shishibone <s> Edogawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Matsudo <s> Edogawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Urayasu <s> Edogawa-ku <p> headquarters location <o> Government of Edogawa <s> Edogawa-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Azumino <s> Edogawa-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tsuruoka <s> Edogawa-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Arakawa River <s> Edogawa-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Edogawa-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Naka River <s> Edogawa-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kikonai <s> Edogawa-ku <p> named after <o> Edo River <s> Koto <p> country <o> Japan <s> Koto <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Koto <p> different from <o> Gangdong District <s> Koto <p> official symbol <o> Camellia sasanqua <s> Koto <p> owner of <o> Yumenoshima Stadium <s> Koto <p> named after <o> east <s> Koto <p> official symbol <o> Pinus thunbergii <s> Koto <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Koto <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Koto <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Koto <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Sumida River <s> Koto <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kōtō <s> Koto <p> shares border with <o> Minato <s> Koto <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tokyo Bay <s> Koto <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 15th district <s> Koto <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Koto, Tokyo <s> Koto <p> shares border with <o> Edogawa-ku <s> Koto <p> shares border with <o> Chūō-ku <s> Koto <p> named after <o> Sumida River <s> Koto <p> shares border with <o> Sumida-ku <s> Koto <p> shares border with <o> Shinagawa-ku <s> Koto <p> shares border with <o> Ota <s> Koto <p> replaces <o> Jōtō-ku <s> Koto <p> replaces <o> Fukagawa-ku <s> Koto <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Koto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Surrey <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wakasu <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fukagawa <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ariake <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toyosu <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Aomi <s> Koto <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hiraizumi <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shirakawa <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fukuzumi <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ishijima <s> Koto <p> head of government <o> Takaaki Yamazaki <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Saga <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Miyoshi <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōjima <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sengoku <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sumiyoshi <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tomioka <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yumenoshima <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Senda <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Suna <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shiohama <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fuyuki <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Furuishiba <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitasuna <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kameido <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokiwa <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hirano <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shin-Kiba <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kiba <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Edagawa <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shiomi <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Batan <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mōri <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sarue <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Morishita <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinonome <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tōyō <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōgibashi <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashisuna <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shin-Suna <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shin-Ōhashi <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kiyosumi <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Eitai <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Umibe <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tatsumi <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Etchūjima <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Monzennakachō <s> Koto <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takabashi <s> Koto <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Onagi River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tokyo Bay <s> Tokyo Bay <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo Bay <p> location <o> Kantō region <s> Tokyo Bay <p> instance of <o> bay <s> Tokyo Bay <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Chiba Prefecture <s> Tokyo Bay <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo Bay <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Mount Fuji from Tokyo Bay <s> Tokyo Bay <p> coextensive with <o> Edo Bay <s> Tokyo Bay <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanagawa Prefecture <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Hanami River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Arakawa River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Tama River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Sumida River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> has part(s) <o> Uraga Channel <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Meguro River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Tsurumi River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> named after <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Koito River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Edo River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Obitsu River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Yōrō River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Ōoka River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Hamada River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Yana River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Oyumi River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Mama River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Kyū-Edo River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Ebitori River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Tsukiji River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Nomikawa River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Tachiai River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Shiodome River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Etchūjima River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Sakai River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Futamata River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Uchikawa River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Miyako River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Nakamura River <s> Tokyo Bay <p> inflows <o> Shibuya River <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> closed on <o> January 2 <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> closed on <o> January 3 <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> closed on <o> December 29 <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> closed on <o> December 30 <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> closed on <o> December 31 <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> architect <o> Kenzō Tange <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> instance of <o> rathaus <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> instance of <o> building complex <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> architectural style <o> postmodern architecture <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> instance of <o> prefectural office building <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> owned by <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Shinjuku <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> public transport stop <o> Tochōmae Station <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> occupant <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> award received <o> Public Buildings Award <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> award received <o> BCS Prize <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> occupant <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> has part(s) <o> Citizens' Plaza <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> has part(s) <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building I <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> category for the view from the item <o> Category:Views from the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Buildings <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> offers view on <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> structural engineer <o> Kiyoshi Mutō <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> significant event <o> construction <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <p> has part(s) <o> Tokyo City Hall Tower II <s> Toshima <p> different from <o> Toshima <s> Toshima <p> country <o> Japan <s> Toshima <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 3rd district <s> Toshima <p> official symbol <o> Camellia japonica <s> Toshima <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Ōshima Subprefecture <s> Toshima <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Toshima <p> official symbol <o> Lilium auratum var. platyphyllum <s> Toshima <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Pacific Ocean <s> Toshima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Toshima <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Toshima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōshima Subprefecture <s> Toshima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo Prefecture <s> Toshima <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Philippine Sea <s> Toshima <p> instance of <o> village of Japan <s> Toshima <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Toshima, Tokyo <s> Toshima <p> location <o> Tokyo Islands <s> Miyake <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Miyake <p> official symbol <o> Izu Thrush <s> Miyake <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 3rd district <s> Miyake <p> official symbol <o> Castanopsis <s> Miyake <p> official symbol <o> Hydrangea macrophylla <s> Miyake <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Miyake Subprefecture <s> Miyake <p> country <o> Japan <s> Miyake <p> location <o> Tokyo Islands <s> Miyake <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Miyake <p> instance of <o> village of Japan <s> Miyake <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Miyake Subprefecture <s> Miyake <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Miyake, Tokyo <s> Miyake <p> replaces <o> Izu <s> Miyake <p> replaces <o> Tsubota <s> Miyake <p> replaces <o> Ako <s> Miyake <p> replaces <o> Kamitsuki <s> Miyake <p> replaces <o> Igaya <s> Miyake <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Itabashi-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Itabashi-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Itabashi-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Itabashi-ku <p> replaced by <o> Nerima-ku <s> Itabashi-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Itabashi-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 11th district <s> Itabashi-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 12th district <s> Itabashi-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Itabashi <s> Itabashi-ku <p> official symbol <o> Zelkova serrata <s> Itabashi-ku <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> Itabashi-ku <p> shares border with <o> Kita-ku <s> Itabashi-ku <p> shares border with <o> Toshima-ku <s> Itabashi-ku <p> official symbol <o> Motacilla alba lugens <s> Itabashi-ku <p> official symbol <o> Anemone flaccida <s> Itabashi-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Itabashi-ku <p> shares border with <o> Nerima-ku <s> Itabashi-ku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Itabashi <s> Itabashi-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Itabashi-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Itabashi-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Arakawa River <s> Itabashi-ku <p> shares border with <o> Wako <s> Itabashi-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Burlington <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōyamachō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naka-Itabashi <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kaga <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Misono <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Maenochō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mukaihara <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakashita <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamichō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yamatochō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Itabashi <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Tokiwadai <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōharachō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakamaruchō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Futabachō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yotsuba <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakajuku <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōyama-Higashi-Chō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> shares border with <o> Toda <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Komone <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Daimon <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōyaguchi-Kita-Chō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimura <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Saiwaichō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yayoichō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokumaru <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Honchō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōyamakanaichō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōyaguchi-Kami-Chō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Miyamotochō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōyama-Nishi-Chō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokiwadai <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōyaguchi <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fujimichō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Yamachō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Azusawa <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Sakashita <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Narimasu <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shin-Gashi <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tōshinchō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> head of government <o> Ken Sakamoto <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wakagi <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hasune <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takashimadaira <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akatsuka <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakaechō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Izumichō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kumanochō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Funado <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akatsuka-Shinmachi <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakuragawa <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Itabashi <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishidai <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hikawachō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hasunumachō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Aioichō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Inaridai <s> Itabashi-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimizuchō <s> Itabashi-ku <p> mascot <o> Rin-Rin-chan <s> Itabashi-ku <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Itabashi <s> Itabashi-ku <p> headquarters location <o> Itabashi City Hall <s> Higashimurayama <p> country <o> Japan <s> Higashimurayama <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Higashimurayama <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Higashimurayama <p> twinned administrative body <o> Independence <s> Higashimurayama <p> twinned administrative body <o> Suzhou <s> Higashimurayama <p> shares border with <o> Kiyose <s> Higashimurayama <p> shares border with <o> Higashiyamato <s> Higashimurayama <p> shares border with <o> Kodaira <s> Higashimurayama <p> shares border with <o> Higashikurume <s> Higashimurayama <p> shares border with <o> Tokorozawa <s> Higashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fujimicho, Higashimurayama <s> Higashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakaechō <s> Higashimurayama <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Higashimurayama, Tokyo <s> Higashimurayama <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Higashimurayama <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Higashimurayama <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Higashimurayama, Tokyo <s> Higashimurayama <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 20th district <s> Higashimurayama <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kashiwazaki <s> Higashimurayama <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Higashimurayama <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Higashimurayama, Tokyo </Graph>

<Text> :Kunitachi is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 76,423 in 38,825 households, and a population density of 9,400 persons per km2. Approximately 41.9% of the city population is over 65 years in age. The total area of the city is 8.15 square kilometres . Kunitachi is located in the Musashino Terrace of central Tokyo Metropolis. Kunitachi is known for its broad main avenue, Daigaku Dori . This cherry-tree-lined boulevard stretches from Kunitachi Station on the Chuo Main Line toward the banks of the Tama River. Kunitachi has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Kunitachi is 13.9 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1647 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.4 degC, and lowest in January, at around 2.5 degC. Kunitachi lies along the historical Koshu Kaido, a route that connected Edo with Kofu in the province of Kai . The area was noted for its abundant spring water. The villages of Ishida, Aoyagi and Yabo were created within Tama District of Kanagawa Prefecture during the establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889. The district was transferred from Kanagawa to Tokyo in 1893. In the 1920, much of the land was obtained by Kojiro Tsutsumi, the founder of Seibu, who began large-scale development of a planned community, which he intended to become a university town modeled after Gottingen in Germany. The Tokyo University of Commerce was relocated from central Tokyo to this location, and a train station was opened on Chuo Main Line in 1926. The station was named "Kunitachi", taking one kanji from the names of the stations to either side, namely Kokubunji Station and Tachikawa Station. The three villages were merged to form Kunitachi town in 1951. Kunitachi was elevated to city status on January 1, 1967. Edogawa is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. It takes its name from the Edo River that runs from north to south along the eastern edge of the ward. In English, it uses the name Edogawa City. The easternmost of the wards, it shares boundaries with the cities of Urayasu and Ichikawa in Chiba Prefecture and with the wards of Katsushika , Sumida and Koto . It meets the city of Matsudo in Chiba at a point. Edogawa has a sister-city relationship with Gosford, New South Wales, Australia. Domestically, it has friendship ties with the cities of Azumino in Nagano Prefecture and Tsuruoka in Yamagata Prefecture. The ward was founded in 1937 with the merger of seven towns and villages in Minami-Katsushika District: the towns of Koiwa and Komatsugawa, and the villages of Kasai, Matsue, Mizue, Shinozaki and Shikamoto. Tokyo Bay is a bay located in the southern Kanto region of Japan spanning the coasts of Tokyo, Kanagawa Prefecture, and Chiba Prefecture. Tokyo Bay is connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Uraga Channel. The Tokyo Bay region is the most populous and the largest industrialized area in Japan. In ancient times, the Japanese knew Tokyo Bay as the uchi-umi , which means "inner sea". By the Azuchi-Momoyama period the area had become known as Edo Bay after the city of Edo. The bay took its present name in modern times, after the Imperial court moved to Edo and renamed the city Tokyo in 1868. Tokyo Bay juts prominently into the Kanto Plain. It is surrounded by the Boso Peninsula in Chiba Prefecture to the east and the Miura Peninsula in Kanagawa Prefecture to the west. The shore of Tokyo Bay consists of a diluvial plateau and is subject to rapid marine erosion. Sediments on the shore of the bay make for a smooth, continuous shoreline. In a narrow sense, Tokyo Bay is the area north of the straight line from Cape Kannon on the west of Miura Peninsula to Cape Futtsu on the east Boso Peninsula. This area covers about 922 km2 in 2012, reclamation projects continue to slowly shrink the bay. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building , also referred to as the Tocho for short, is the seat of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, which governs the special wards, cities, towns, and villages that constitute the Tokyo Metropolis. Located in Shinjuku ward, the building was designed by architect Kenzo Tange. It consists of a complex of three structures, each taking up a city block. The tallest of the three is the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building No.1, a tower 48 stories tall that splits into two sections at the 33rd floor. The building also has three levels below ground. The design of the building was meant to resemble an integrated circuit, while also evoking the look of a Gothic cathedral. It is the tallest city hall in the world. The other two buildings in the complex are the eight-story Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly Building and Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building No. 2, which has 37 stories including three below ground. The two panoramic observation decks, one in each tower on floor 45 high), are free of charge to the public and contain gift shops and cafes. The two observation decks are open between 9:30 and 22:00 on alternating days. Toshima is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. It is one of the eight central wards of the Tokyo Metropolitan area. Located in the northern area of Tokyo, Toshima is bordered by the wards of Nerima, Itabashi, and Kita in the north and Nakano, Shinjuku, and Bunkyo in the south. The ward was founded on March 15, 1947, and reached a peak resident population of 370,000 in 1965. The population has continued to decline and as of May 1, 2015, the ward had an estimated population of 298,250, with a population density of 22,920 persons per km2. During the day the population swells with commuters, resulting in a daytime population of around 378,475. The total land area of Toshima is 13.01 km2, sitting on a moderate plateau with a difference of 28 m between the ward's highest and lowest points. Approximately 47% of Toshima's land is residential, and 20% is commercial and public areas. With a non-Japanese population of 19,868, or 7.42% of the total, Toshima is one of the most international wards in Tokyo. Of the foreign population, 56% is of Chinese descent, 20% is of Korean descent, with the rest being of primarily Filipino and European descent. Itabashi is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. In English, it is called Itabashi City. Itabashi has sister-city relations with Burlington, Ontario, in Canada; Shijingshan District of Beijing in the People's Republic of China; and Bologna in Italy. Itabashi lies on the Kanto plain. The Arakawa River, a major river, forms part of the boundary with Saitama Prefecture. Surrounding the ward are, in Saitama, the cities of Wako and Toda; and in Tokyo, the wards of Nerima, Toshima, and Kita. The name of the ward means "plank bridge" and derives from the wooden span over the Shakujii River that dates from the Heian period. Such a bridge was remarkable at the time, and the name has lasted since. The current bridge in that location is made of ferroconcrete. In the Edo period, the Nakasendo crossed the nearby Shimo Itabashi, and the name came to apply to that area as well. Itabashi was one of the Four Edo Post Towns, and travellers first lodged there after leaving the shogunal capital. Kaga Domain had a mansion there. The shogunate maintained the Itabashi execution grounds at Itabashi. On October 1, 1932, nine towns and villages of Kita-Toshima District were merged and became part of Tokyo City as Itabashi Ward. It became a special ward May 3, 1947. On August 1 of that year, the localities of Nerima, Kami-Nerima, Naka-Arai, Shakujii and Oizumi were split off from Itabashi to create Nerima Ward. Higashimurayama is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the city had an estimated population of 148,275, and a population density of 8700 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 17.14 square kilometres . Higashimurayama has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Higashimurayama is 14.0 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1647 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.7 degC, and lowest in January, at around 2.3 degC. The area of present-day Higashimurayama has been inhabited since Japanese Paleolithic times, and numerous remains from the Jomon, Yayoi and Kofun periods have been discovered. During the Nara period, it became part of ancient Musashi Province. During the Kamakura period, it was the location of the Battle of Kumegawa in 1333. In the post-Meiji Restoration cadastral reform of April 1, 1889, several villages merged to form Higashimurayama Village in Kitatama District, at that time part of Kanagawa Prefecture. The entire district was transferred to the control of Tokyo Prefecture on April 1, 1893. On April 1, 1942, Higashimurayama Village became the town of Higashimurayama. On April 1, 1964, Higashimurayama was elevated to city status. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Koganei <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 18th district <s> Koganei <p> country <o> Japan <s> Koganei <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Koganei <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Koganei <p> shares border with <o> Chofu <s> Koganei <p> shares border with <o> Kodaira <s> Koganei <p> shares border with <o> Fuchū <s> Koganei <p> shares border with <o> Musashino <s> Koganei <p> shares border with <o> Nishitokyo <s> Koganei <p> shares border with <o> Mitaka <s> Koganei <p> shares border with <o> Kokubunji <s> Koganei <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Koganei <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Koganei <p> location <o> Western Tokyo <s> Koganei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Honchō <s> Koganei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashichō <s> Koganei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Midorichō <s> Koganei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakachō <s> Koganei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sekinochō <s> Koganei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakurachō <s> Koganei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kajinochō <s> Koganei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nukui-Kitamathi <s> Koganei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nukui-Minamimathi <s> Koganei <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Maeharachō <s> Koganei <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Koganei, Tokyo <s> Koganei <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Koganei <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Koganei, Tokyo <s> Cairo Governorate <p> country <o> Egypt <s> Cairo Governorate <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Egypt <s> Cairo Governorate <p> capital <o> Cairo <s> Cairo Governorate <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tokyo <s> Cairo Governorate <p> shares border with <o> Suez Governorate <s> Cairo Governorate <p> shares border with <o> Giza Governorate <s> Cairo Governorate <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Cairo Governorate <p> instance of <o> governorate of Egypt <s> Cairo Governorate <p> shares border with <o> Qalyubia Governorate <s> Cairo Governorate <p> shares border with <o> Sharqia Governorate <s> Cairo Governorate <p> part of <o> Greater Cairo <s> Cairo Governorate <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Cairo Governorate <s> Cairo Governorate <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Cairo Governorate <s> Kokubunji <p> different from <o> provincial temple <s> Kokubunji <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 19th district <s> Kokubunji <p> country <o> Japan <s> Kokubunji <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Kokubunji <p> shares border with <o> Koganei <s> Kokubunji <p> shares border with <o> Tachikawa <s> Kokubunji <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Kokubunji <p> shares border with <o> Fuchū <s> Kokubunji <p> shares border with <o> Kodaira <s> Kokubunji <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Kokubunji <p> shares border with <o> Kunitachi <s> Kokubunji <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Kokubunji <p> named after <o> Musashi Kokubun-ji Remains <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hiyoshichō <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Honda, Tokyo <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Motomachi <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinmachi <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hikarichō <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naitō <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitamachi <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokura <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Honchō <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Namikichō <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamichō <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fujimoto <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takagichō <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Tokura <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Motomachi <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Koigakubo <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Izumichō <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Koigakubo <s> Kokubunji <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishimachi <s> Kokubunji <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Kokubunji <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Kokubunji, Tokyo <s> Kokubunji <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kokubunji, Tokyo <s> Ome <p> country <o> Japan <s> Ome <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Ome <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Ome <p> shares border with <o> Akiruno <s> Ome <p> shares border with <o> Hamura <s> Ome <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Ome <p> shares border with <o> Okutama <s> Ome <p> twinned administrative body <o> Boppard <s> Ome <p> shares border with <o> Hanno <s> Ome <p> shares border with <o> Iruma <s> Ome <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Ome <p> shares border with <o> Mizuho <s> Ome <p> shares border with <o> Hinode <s> Ome <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Ōme, Tokyo <s> Ome <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Ome <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ōme, Tokyo <s> Ome <p> replaces <o> Ōme <s> Ome <p> replaces <o> Osoki <s> Ome <p> replaces <o> Chōfu <s> Ome <p> replaces <o> Kasumi <s> Ome <p> replaces <o> Mita <s> Ome <p> replaces <o> Yoshino <s> Ome <p> replaces <o> Nariki <s> Ome <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 25th district <s> Toshima-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Toshima-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Toshima-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Toshima-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 10th district <s> Toshima-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 12th district <s> Toshima-ku <p> official symbol <o> Prunus ×yedoensis <s> Toshima-ku <p> official symbol <o> Rhododendron <s> Toshima-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Toshima-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Toshima-ku <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Toshima <s> Toshima-ku <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> Toshima-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Toshima <s> Toshima-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Toshima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Shinjuku <s> Toshima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Bunkyo <s> Toshima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Nakano <s> Toshima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Nerima-ku <s> Toshima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Itabashi-ku <s> Toshima-ku <p> shares border with <o> Kita-ku <s> Toshima-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takamatsu <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takada <s> Toshima-ku <p> head of government <o> Yukio Takano <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ikebukuro <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sugamo <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mejiro <s> Toshima-ku <p> named after <o> Kitatoshima district <s> Toshima-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yuza <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Nagasaki <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Ikebukuro <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Sugamo <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Zōshigaya <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Ikebukuro <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Ikebukuro <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Ikebukuro <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Ōtsuka <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nagasaki <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chihaya <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanamechō <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Komagome <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Ōtsuka <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Senkawa <s> Toshima-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ikebukuro-Honchō <s> Toshima-ku <p> headquarters location <o> Toshima City Hall <s> Ota <p> country <o> Japan <s> Ota <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Ota <p> replaces <o> Ōmori-ku <s> Ota <p> replaces <o> Kamata-ku <s> Ota <p> different from <o> otaku <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Magome <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Kamata <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yukigaya-Ōtsukachō <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Unoki <s> Ota <p> named after <o> Ōmori-ku <s> Ota <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 3rd district <s> Ota <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 4th district <s> Ota <p> official symbol <o> Japanese Bush Warbler <s> Ota <p> twinned administrative body <o> Salem <s> Ota <p> official symbol <o> Cinnamomum camphora <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Magome <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōmori-Honchō <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōmori-Nishi <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōmori-Naka <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shin-Kamata <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jōnanjima <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōmori Furusato-no-Hamabe Park <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōmori-Higashi <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Heiwajima <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Minemachi <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Yukigaya <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shōwajima <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hon-Haneda <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōmori-Kita <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōmori-Minami <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tamagawa <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sannō <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Rokugō <s> Ota <p> contains settlement <o> Kōjiya <s> Ota <p> contains settlement <o> Yukigaya <s> Ota <p> twinned administrative body <o> Misato <s> Ota <p> contains settlement <o> Kamata <s> Ota <p> contains settlement <o> Haneda <s> Ota <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tokyo Bay <s> Ota <p> shares border with <o> Koto <s> Ota <p> shares border with <o> Kawasaki <s> Ota <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Ōta, Tokyo <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Kōjiya <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Reiwajima <s> Ota <p> different from <o> Ōta <s> Ota <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Ota <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tama River <s> Ota <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 26th district <s> Ota <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Ōta, Tokyo <s> Ota <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Ota <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Ota <p> head of government <o> Tadayoshi Matsubara <s> Ota <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ōta, Tokyo <s> Ota <p> named after <o> Kamata-ku <s> Ota <p> contains settlement <o> Ōmori <s> Ota <p> shares border with <o> Meguro-ku <s> Ota <p> shares border with <o> Shinagawa-ku <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kanda-Honchō <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Haginaka <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Kamata <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Kōjiya <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yaguchi <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Minemachi <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tōkai <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Yaguchi <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ishikawachō <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Rokugō <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Haneda Airport <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Yukigaya <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Magome <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Haneda-Asahichō <s> Ota <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-Maruko <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chūō <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Heiwa-no-Mori Park <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamiikedai <s> Ota <p> twinned administrative body <o> Higashimatsushima <s> Ota <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tomi <s> Ota <p> official symbol <o> Prunus mume <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naka-Magome <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitasenzoku <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-Magome <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Rokugō <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-Minemachi <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-Kōjiya <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Kugahara <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Kamata <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chidori <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Keihinjima <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakarokugō <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kugahara <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakaikegami <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Senzoku <s> Ota <p> shares border with <o> Setagaya-ku <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Den'en Chōfu <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamata <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ikegami <s> Ota <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Haneda <s> Ota <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Ota <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chaoyang District <s> Mikurajima <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 3rd district <s> Mikurajima <p> country <o> Japan <s> Mikurajima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Mikurajima <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Mikurajima <p> official symbol <o> common bottlenose dolphin <s> Mikurajima <p> official symbol <o> Streaked Shearwater <s> Mikurajima <p> official symbol <o> Buxus microphylla <s> Mikurajima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Miyake Subprefecture <s> Mikurajima <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Miyake Subprefecture <s> Mikurajima <p> different from <o> Mikura-jima <s> Mikurajima <p> instance of <o> village of Japan <s> Mikurajima <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mikurajima, Tokyo <s> Mikurajima <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Higashiyamato <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Higashiyamato <p> country <o> Japan <s> Higashiyamato <p> replaces <o> Sayama <s> Higashiyamato <p> replaces <o> Takagi <s> Higashiyamato <p> replaces <o> Shimizu <s> Higashiyamato <p> replaces <o> Zōshiki <s> Higashiyamato <p> replaces <o> Imokubo <s> Higashiyamato <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Higashiyamato <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Higashiyamato <p> replaces <o> Narahashi <s> Higashiyamato <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Higashiyamato, Tokyo <s> Higashiyamato <p> shares border with <o> Kodaira <s> Higashiyamato <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Higashiyamato <p> shares border with <o> Tokorozawa <s> Higashiyamato <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 20th district <s> Higashiyamato <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Higashiyamato, Tokyo <s> Higashiyamato <p> shares border with <o> Tachikawa <s> Higashiyamato <p> shares border with <o> Higashimurayama <s> Higashiyamato <p> shares border with <o> Musashimurayama <s> Musashimurayama <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Musashimurayama <p> country <o> Japan <s> Musashimurayama <p> shares border with <o> Fussa <s> Musashimurayama <p> shares border with <o> Tokorozawa <s> Musashimurayama <p> shares border with <o> Tachikawa <s> Musashimurayama <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Musashimurayama <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Musashimurayama <p> shares border with <o> Mizuho <s> Musashimurayama <p> shares border with <o> Higashiyamato <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gakuen <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Honmachi (Musashimurayama) <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chūō <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kishi <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mitsufuji <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakahara <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōminami <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Enoki <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mitsugi <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakatō <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Inadaira <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Zanbori <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Midorigaoka <s> Musashimurayama <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinmei <s> Musashimurayama <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Musashimurayama <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Musashimurayama, Tokyo <s> Musashimurayama <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Musashimurayama, Tokyo <s> Musashimurayama <p> replaces <o> Kishi <s> Musashimurayama <p> replaces <o> Mitsugi <s> Musashimurayama <p> replaces <o> Nakatō <s> Musashimurayama <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 20th district <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> official symbol <o> Acer <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> official symbol <o> Black-headed Gull <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> official symbol <o> Castanopsis <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> replaces <o> Ebara-ku <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Tokyo Bay <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Shinagawa <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 7th district <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 3rd district <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Shinagawa <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> official symbol <o> Satsuki azalea <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Auckland <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> head of government <o> Takeshi Hamano <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Minato <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Koto <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Shibuya-ku <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Togoshi <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hatanodai <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Yashio <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Ōi <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Shinagawa <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ebara <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hiromachi <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Nakanobu <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Shinagawa <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Nakanobu <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yutakachō <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Ota <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> shares border with <o> Meguro-ku <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> named after <o> Shinagawa <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōsaki <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishiōi <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Shinagawa <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Gotanda <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Futaba <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōi <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hiratsuka <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Koyama <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Gotanda <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Katsushima <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamiōsaki <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yashio <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakanobu <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-Shinagawa <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Ōi <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Shinagawa <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Koyamadai <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Auckland City <s> Shinagawa-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity </Graph>

<Text> :Koganei is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the city had an estimated population of 123,698 in 61,832 households. The total area of the city is 11.30 square kilometres so the population density is about 11,000 persons per km2. Koganei is approximately at the center of Tokyo metropolis, and is located about 20 kilometers west of Shinjuku, where Tokyo Metropolitan Government has its headquarters. It is flanked on the north and the south by two large parks. To the north is Koganei Park, which includes the Edo-Tokyo Open Air Architectural Museum, a branch of the Edo-Tokyo Museum located in Ryogoku, Tokyo. To the south are Nogawa Park and Tama Cemetery. The city has an elevation of between 40 and 70 meters above sea level. Koganei has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Koganei is 14.0 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1647 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.5 degC, and lowest in January, at around 2.6 degC. The area of present-day Koganei was part of ancient Musashi Province. In the post-Meiji Restoration cadastral reform of July 22, 1878, the area became part of Kitatama District in Kanagawa Prefecture. The village of Koganei was created on April 1, 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. Kitatama District was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1893. Koganei was elevated to town status in 1937, and to city status in 1958. Cairo Governorate is one of the 27 governorates of Egypt. It is formed of the city of Cairo, both the national capital of Egypt and the governorate's, in addition to five satellite cities: the New Administrative Capital - set to become the seat of national government, New Cairo, Shourok, Badr, Capital Gardens, and 15th of May. These cities form almost half of the Greater Cairo metropolitan area by population. As one of three city-states in Egypt, where the Cairo governor is also the head of the city. This rightfully creates much confusion and synonymity between the Governorate of Cairo, and the city, though officially they are two semidistinct levels of local government, and as with other governorates, the governor is appointed by the president. Parts of the governorate - the Helwan district and the satellite cities, were spun off in April 2008 to form the Helwan Governorate, only to be reincorporated into the Cairo Governorate in April 2011. Cairo city is subdivided into four Areas headed by a deputy governor each, and 38 Districts with their own governor appointed heads. Some districts are represented by one police station , while others may be subdivided by two or more. Toshima is a special ward in the Tokyo Metropolis in Japan. It is one of the eight central wards of the Tokyo Metropolitan area. Located in the northern area of Tokyo, Toshima is bordered by the wards of Nerima, Itabashi, and Kita in the north and Nakano, Shinjuku, and Bunkyo in the south. The ward was founded on March 15, 1947, and reached a peak resident population of 370,000 in 1965. The population has continued to decline and as of May 1, 2015, the ward had an estimated population of 298,250, with a population density of 22,920 persons per km2. During the day the population swells with commuters, resulting in a daytime population of around 378,475. The total land area of Toshima is 13.01 km2, sitting on a moderate plateau with a difference of 28 m between the ward's highest and lowest points. Approximately 47% of Toshima's land is residential, and 20% is commercial and public areas. With a non-Japanese population of 19,868, or 7.42% of the total, Toshima is one of the most international wards in Tokyo. Of the foreign population, 56% is of Chinese descent, 20% is of Korean descent, with the rest being of primarily Filipino and European descent. Mikura-jima is a volcanic Japanese island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is administered by Tokyo Metropolis and is located approximately 200 kilometres south of Tokyo and 19 kilometres south-southeast of Miyake-shima. It is one of the Izu Seven Islands group of the seven northern islands of the Izu archipelago. Mikurashima is administratively part of Mikurashima Village under Miyake Subprefecture of Tokyo Metropolis. As of 2009, the island's population was 351. Mikura-shima is also within the boundaries of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. The island has apparently been inhabited for thousands of years, but existing records only extend to the Edo period. Mikura, along with the rest of the Izu Islands, was designated as a place of exile during the Tokugawa shogunate, and up to 10% of current island residents are descendants of political exiles. In 1714, an important official from the shogunate, physician Kochikuin Okuyama, arrived on the island. Okuyama was able to use his connections with the shogunate to retrieve Mikura's official seal from officials on Miyake Island, who were using it to skim profits from Mikura's exports of lumber. In 1863, a ship with a crew of 460 Chinese laborers and 23 American sailors, bound for the United States from China, was shipwrecked on the island. Although at that time the Japanese populace had been ordered by the shogunate to kill or imprison any foreigners who entered Japan without authorization, Mikura's inhabitants treated the shipwrecked crew with hospitality and kindness. Higashiyamato is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 85,294, and a population density of 6400 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 13.42 square kilometres . Higashiyamato has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Higashiyamato is 13.9 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1647 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.4 degC, and lowest in January, at around 2.5 degC. The area of present-day Higashiyamato was part of ancient Musashi Province. In the post-Meiji Restoration cadastral reform of April 1, 1889, Takagi Village was established within Kitatama District of Kanagawa Prefecture. The entire district was transferred to the control of Tokyo Prefecture on April 1, 1893. Takagi Village merged with five neighboring villages to form Yamato Village on November 1, 1919. It was elevated to town status on May 3, 1954 and renamed as Higashiyamato on its promotion to a city, on October 1, 1970. There was a Hitachi Aircraft Company factory located in Higashiyamato during World War II. It was destroyed by US bombing raids. The Former Hitachi Aircraft Tachikawa Factory Transformer Substation was damaged during air attacks but remains as a war memorial. Musashimurayama is a city located in the western side of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the city had an estimated population of 72,021 in 32,234 households, and a population density of 4,700 people per km2. The total area of the city is 15.32 square kilometres . Musashimurayama is located in north-central Tokyo Metropolis, bordered by Saitama Prefecture to the north. Upstream tributaries of the Arakawa River and Tama River flow through the city. The Sayama Hills run from west to east in the northern part of the city. The south side of the hill is on the western edge of the Musashino Plateau. Musashimurayama has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Musashimurayama is 13.8 degC . The average annual rainfall is 1,647 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.5 degC , and lowest in January, at around 2.1 degC . The area of present-day Musashimurayama was part of ancient Musashi Province. In Meji era, the area was organized into four villages within Kitatama District in Kanagawa Prefecture. Kitatama District was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1893. Shinagawa is also commonly used to refer to the business district around Shinagawa Station, which is not in Shinagawa Ward. This Shinagawa is in the Takanawa and Konan neighborhoods of Minato Ward, directly north of Kita-Shinagawa. Shinagawa Ward includes natural uplands and lowlands, as well as reclaimed land. The uplands are the eastern end of the Musashino Terrace. They include Shiba-Shirokanedai north of the Meguro River, Megurodai between the Meguro and Tachiai Rivers, and Ebaradai south of the Tachiai River. Most of Tokyo east of the Imperial Palace is on reclaimed land. A large proportion of the reclamation took place during the Edo period, when Shinagawa-juku was the first shukuba in the "53 Stations of the Tokaido" that a traveler would reach after setting out from Nihonbashi to Kyoto on the Tokaido. The Tokugawa shogunate maintained the Suzugamori execution grounds in Shinagawa. Following the Meiji Restoration and the abolition of the han system, Shinagawa Prefecture was instituted in 1869. The prefectural administration was to be set up in the Ebara District, but in 1871 Shinagawa Prefecture was integrated into Tokyo Prefecture. In 1932, during the reorganisation of the municipal boundaries of Tokyo City following the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake, a smaller version of Shinagawa Ward was created. On March 15, 1947, this was merged with the neighboring Ebara Ward to create the present Shinagawa Ward. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> flag of Tokyo <p> country <o> Japan <s> flag of Tokyo <p> depicts <o> Sun <s> flag of Tokyo <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Tokyo <s> flag of Tokyo <p> depicts <o> text <s> flag of Tokyo <p> depicts <o> field <s> flag of Tokyo <p> instance of <o> prefectural flag of Japan <s> flag of Tokyo <p> instance of <o> symbol of Tokyo <s> flag of Tokyo <p> color <o> white <s> flag of Tokyo <p> genre <o> inscribed flag <s> flag of Tokyo <p> genre <o> charged flag <s> flag of Tokyo <p> color <o> Edo purple <s> Meguro-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Meguro-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Meguro-ku <p> official symbol <o> Japanese Tit <s> Meguro-ku <p> located in time zone <o> Japan Standard Time <s> Meguro-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Meguro-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kanazawa <s> Meguro-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jungnang District <s> Meguro-ku <p> shares border with <o> Shibuya-ku <s> Meguro-ku <p> shares border with <o> Ota <s> Meguro-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Meguro-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Meguro <s> Meguro-ku <p> official symbol <o> Castanopsis <s> Meguro-ku <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Meguro <s> Meguro-ku <p> shares border with <o> Setagaya-ku <s> Meguro-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Meguro-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dongcheng District <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Meguro-Honchō <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Himonya <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takaban <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kakinokizaka <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yūtenji <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Senzoku <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Midorigaoka <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Komaba <s> Meguro-ku <p> head of government <o> Eiji Aoki <s> Meguro-ku <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Meguro <s> Meguro-ku <p> official symbol <o> hagi <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Meguro <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōokayama <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Harachō <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tairamachi <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashigaoka <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Meguro <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo-Meguro <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashiyama <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gohongi <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chūōchō <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakane <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakachō <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Aobadai <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yakumo <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naka-Meguro <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jiyūgaoka <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mita <s> Meguro-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōhashi <s> Meguro-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kesennuma <s> Meguro-ku <p> shares border with <o> Shinagawa-ku <s> Meguro-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 26th district <s> Meguro-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 5th district <s> Meguro-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 7th district <s> Meguro-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Meguro-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kakuda <s> Meguro-ku <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> Meguro-ku <p> legislative body <o> Meguro City Council <s> Nakano <p> different from <o> Nakano <s> Nakano <p> country <o> Japan <s> Nakano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Nakano <p> official symbol <o> Rhododendron <s> Nakano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Nakano <p> shares border with <o> Shinjuku <s> Nakano <p> shares border with <o> Shibuya-ku <s> Nakano <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Nakano <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nogata <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wakamiya <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Saginomiya <s> Nakano <p> shares border with <o> Suginami-ku <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakano <s> Nakano <p> head of government <o> Naoto Sakai <s> Nakano <p> official symbol <o> Castanopsis <s> Nakano <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 10th district <s> Nakano <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 27th district <s> Nakano <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 7th district <s> Nakano <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Nakano, Tokyo <s> Nakano <p> shares border with <o> Nerima-ku <s> Nakano <p> shares border with <o> Toshima-ku <s> Nakano <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Nakano <s> Nakano <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Nakano <p> twinned administrative body <o> Aomori <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Takada <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Saginomiya <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chūō <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Maruyama <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minamidai <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yayoichō <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Honchō <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Nakano <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Arai <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yamatochō <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shirasagi <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Egota <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Eharachō <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Matsugaoka <s> Nakano <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Numabukuro <s> Nakano <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Musashino Plateau <s> Nakano <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Nakano <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Nakano, Tokyo <s> Nakano <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tamura <s> Nakano <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly <p> has part(s) of the class <o> member of the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly <p> instance of <o> prefectural assemblies of Japan <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly <p> replaces <o> Tokyo City Assembly <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly <p> headquarters location <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building <s> financial centre <p> subclass of <o> global city <s> financial centre <p> subclass of <o> political entity <s> capital of Japan <p> country <o> Japan <s> capital of Japan <p> subclass of <o> capital city <s> capital of Japan <p> subclass of <o> former capital <s> capital of Japan <p> related category <o> Category:Former capitals of Japan <s> Hamura <p> country <o> Japan <s> Hamura <p> shares border with <o> Akiruno <s> Hamura <p> shares border with <o> Ome <s> Hamura <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Hamura <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Hamura <p> shares border with <o> Fussa <s> Hamura <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Hamura <p> shares border with <o> Mizuho <s> Hamura <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Hamura <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 25th district <s> Hamura <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Hamura, Tokyo <s> Hamura <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Hamura, Tokyo <s> Mitaka <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 18th district <s> Mitaka <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 22nd district <s> Mitaka <p> country <o> Japan <s> Mitaka <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Mitaka <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Mitaka <p> shares border with <o> Musashino <s> Mitaka <p> shares border with <o> Suginami-ku <s> Mitaka <p> shares border with <o> Setagaya-ku <s> Mitaka <p> shares border with <o> Koganei <s> Mitaka <p> shares border with <o> Chofu <s> Mitaka <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Mitaka <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Mitaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tozawa <s> Mitaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tōno <s> Mitaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakahara <s> Mitaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōsawa <s> Mitaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mure <s> Mitaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nozaki <s> Mitaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinkawa <s> Mitaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Iguchi <s> Mitaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitano <s> Mitaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Inokashira <s> Mitaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jindaiji <s> Mitaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Renjaku <s> Mitaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo-Renjaku <s> Mitaka <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mitaka, Tokyo <s> Mitaka <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Mitaka <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Mitaka, Tokyo <s> Nishitokyo <p> country <o> Japan <s> Nishitokyo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Nishitokyo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Nishitokyo <p> shares border with <o> Musashino <s> Nishitokyo <p> shares border with <o> Kodaira <s> Nishitokyo <p> replaces <o> Tanashi <s> Nishitokyo <p> shares border with <o> Nerima-ku <s> Nishitokyo <p> shares border with <o> Koganei <s> Nishitokyo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Nishitōkyō, Tokyo <s> Nishitokyo <p> replaces <o> Hōya <s> Nishitokyo <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Nishitokyo <p> shares border with <o> Higashikurume <s> Nishitokyo <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 18th district <s> Nishitokyo <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 19th district <s> Nishitokyo <p> shares border with <o> Niiza <s> Nishitokyo <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Nishitōkyō, Tokyo <s> Nishitokyo <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Nishitokyo <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Nishitokyo <p> head of government <o> Takashi Ikezawa <s> Nishitokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shinmachi <s> Nishitokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kitamachi <s> Nishitokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mukōdaichō <s> Nishitokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hōyachō <s> Nishitokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo-Hōya <s> Nishitokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tanashichō <s> Nishitokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hibarigaoka <s> Nishitokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Fushimi <s> Nishitokyo <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shibakubochō <s> Nishitokyo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shimogo <s> Sumida-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Sumida-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Sumida-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Sumida-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Sumida-ku <p> official symbol <o> Rhododendron <s> Sumida-ku <p> shares border with <o> Chūō-ku <s> Sumida-ku <p> official symbol <o> cherry blossom <s> Sumida-ku <p> replaces <o> Mukōjima-ku <s> Sumida-ku <p> replaces <o> Honjo-ku <s> Sumida-ku <p> shares border with <o> Edogawa-ku <s> Sumida-ku <p> shares border with <o> Koto <s> Sumida-ku <p> named after <o> Sumida River <s> Sumida-ku <p> shares border with <o> Adachi-ku <s> Sumida-ku <p> shares border with <o> Arakawa-ku <s> Sumida-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Sumida-ku <p> owner of <o> Sumida Triphony Hall <s> Sumida-ku <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Sumida <s> Sumida-ku <p> shares border with <o> Katsushika-ku <s> Sumida-ku <p> shares border with <o> Taitō-ku <s> Sumida-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Sumida River <s> Sumida-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Sumida, Tokyo <s> Sumida-ku <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Sumida, Tokyo <s> Sumida-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 14th district <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ryōgoku <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamezawa <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsutsumi-Dōri <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sumida <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chitose <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Honjo <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yahiro <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mukōjima <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kyōjima <s> Sumida-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Sumida-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tsuruoka <s> Sumida-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Sumida-ku <p> head of government <o> Tōru Yamamoto <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Sumida <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Komagata <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Narihira <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yokoami <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ishihara <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kinshi <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Mukōjima <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tachibana <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Midori <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yokokawa <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kikukawa <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Taihei <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tatekawa <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bunka <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Oshiage <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kōtōbashi <s> Sumida-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Azumabashi <s> Sumida-ku <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Sumida, Tokyo <s> Sumida-ku <p> headquarters location <o> Sumida City Office </Graph>

<Text> :The Japanese city of Tokyo has two official emblems: the monsho and the shinboru . The crest is a six-rayed stylized sun with a dot in the center, while the symbol is a stylised Ginkgo biloba leaf. The Crest of the Tokyo Metropolis was adopted on November 2, 1943, under the Metropolitan Announcement No. 464 . It is same as the crest of the former Tokyo City, decided by the city council in December 1889. It is believed to be designed by Hiromoto Watanabe , an alderman of the city. The crest shows a six-rayed sun , with a dot in the center representing Tokyo as the metaphorical center of Japan. As with most other prefectural crests in Japan, its color is not designated. The crest can also be interpreted as a version of the kanji Jing of Dong Jing , but the metropolitan announcement does not explain as such. The Flag of the Tokyo Metropolis was adopted on October 1, 1964, under the Metropolitan Announcement No. 1042 . It features a white Metropolitan Crest on center. The background color is Edo purple , which was popular in Edo, the name of Tokyo during the Edo period. This shade of purple is one of the traditional colors of Japan, and is near identical to Web Indigo. Its 127 members are elected every four years in 42 districts by single non-transferable vote. 23 electoral districts equal the special wards, another 18 districts are made up by the cities, towns and villages in the Western part of the prefecture, one district consists of the outlying islands . The assembly is responsible for enacting and amending prefectural ordinances, approving the budget and voting on important administrative appointments made by the governor including the vice governors. Due to the special nature of the Tokyo Metropolis compared to other prefectures, the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly has certain powers that would usually fall into the responsibilities of municipal parliaments. This is to ensure efficient and unified urban administration for the 23 special wards that cover the former Tokyo City and comprise the urban core of the Greater Tokyo Area. Most electoral districts correspond to current municipalities, but several districts correspond to former counties , namely the West Tama , North Tama and South Tama counties. The towns and villages on the islands have never been subordinate to counties, but to four subprefectures that together form the islands electoral district. A financial centre or financial hub is a location with a significant concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance, and financial markets, with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place. Participants can include financial intermediaries , institutional investors , and issuers . Trading activity can take place on venues such as exchanges and involve clearing houses, although many transactions take place over-the-counter , directly between participants. Financial centres usually host companies that offer a wide range of financial services, for example relating to mergers and acquisitions, public offerings, or corporate actions; or which participate in other areas of finance, such as private equity, hedge funds, and reinsurance. Ancillary financial services include rating agencies, as well as provision of related professional services, particularly legal advice and accounting services. The International Monetary Fund's classes of major financial centres are: International Financial Centres , such as New York City, London and Tokyo; Regional Financial Centres , such as Shanghai, Shenzhen, Mumbai, Bangalore, Singapore, Frankfurt and Sydney; and Offshore Financial Centres , such as the Cayman Islands, Dublin, Cyprus and Hong Kong. International Financial Centres, and many Regional Financial Centres, are full-service financial centres with direct access to large capital pools from banks, insurance companies, investment funds, and listed capital markets, and are major global cities. Offshore Financial Centres, and also some Regional Financial Centres, tend to specialise in tax-driven services, such as corporate tax planning tools, tax-neutral vehicles, and shadow banking/securitisation, and can include smaller locations , or city-states . The IMF notes an overlap between Regional Financial Centres and Offshore Financial Centres . Since 2010, academics consider Offshore Financial Centres synonymous with tax havens. In April 2000, the Financial Stability Forum , concerned about OFCs on global financial stability produced a report listing 42 OFCs. In June 2000, the International Monetary Fund published a working paper on OFCs, but which also proposed a taxonomy on classifying the various types of global financial centres, which they listed as follows : Traditionally, the home of the Emperor is considered the capital. From 794 through 1868, the Emperor lived in Heian-kyo, modern-day Kyoto. After 1868, the seat of the Government of Japan and the location of the Emperor's home was moved to Edo, which it renamed Tokyo. While no laws have designated Tokyo as the Japanese capital, many laws have defined a "capital area" that incorporates Tokyo. Article 2 of the Capital Area Consolidation Law of 1956 states: "In this Act, the term 'capital area' shall denote a broad region comprising both the territory of the Tokyo Metropolis as well as outlying regions designated by cabinet order." This implies that the government has designated Tokyo as the capital of Japan, although it is not explicitly stated, and the definition of the "capital area" is purposely restricted to the terms of that specific law. The Ministry of Education published a book called "History of the Restoration" in 1941. This book referred to "designating Tokyo as capital" without talking about "relocating the capital to Tokyo" . A contemporary history textbook states that the Meiji government "moved the capital from Kyoto to Tokyo" without using the sento term. As of 2007, there is a movement to transfer the government functions of the capital from Tokyo while retaining Tokyo as the de facto capital, with the Gifu-Aichi region, the Mie-Kio region and other regions submitting bids for a de jure capital. Officially, the relocation is referred to as "capital functions relocation" instead of "capital relocation", or as "relocation of the Diet and other organizations". Hamura is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 May 2010, the neighborhood had an estimated population of 57,174, and a population density of 5770 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 9.90 square kilometres . Hamura has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Hamura is 13.4 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1998 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.0 degC, and lowest in January, at around 1.7 degC. The area of present-day Hamura has been inhabited since Japanese Paleolithic times, and numerous remains from the Jomon, Yayoi and Kofun periods have been discovered. During the Nara period, it became part of ancient Musashi Province. The Tamagawa Josui, an artificial waterway completed in 1653 to divert water from the Tama River and carry it as drinking water to Edo, begins in what is now part of Hamura. In the post-Meiji Restoration cadastral reform of April 1, 1889, several hamlets merged to form Nishitama Village in Nishitama District, at that time part of Kanagawa Prefecture. The entire district was transferred to the control of Tokyo Prefecture on April 1, 1893. In 1956, Nishitama Village became the town of Hamura. On November 1, 1991, Hamura was elevated to city status. Nishitokyo is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 January 2021, the city had an estimated population of 206,047, and a population density of 13,000 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 15.75 square kilometres . Nishitokyo is located at the centre of the geological/geographical region known as the Musashino Terrace, and is covered with the Kanto loam formation. The city has a good water supply, owing to rivers running through the city - the Shakujii River, Shirako River, Shin River and Tamagawa Josui River. From east to west, the city is about 4.8 km, and from south to north is about 5.6 km. Nishitokyo has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Nishitokyo is 14.5degC. The average annual rainfall is 1648 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.0degC, and lowest in January, at around 3.1degC. The area of present-day Nishitokyo was part of ancient Musashi Province. In the post-Meiji Restoration cadastral reform of July 22, 1878, the area became part of Kitadachi District in Saitama Prefecture. The villages of Hoya and Tanashi were created on April 1, 1889 with the establishment of modern municipalities system. The southern portion of Kitaadachi District was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1907. Sumida is in the north-eastern part of the mainland portion of Tokyo. The Sumida and Arakawa are the major rivers, and form parts of its boundaries. Its neighbors are all special wards: Adachi to the north; Arakawa to the northwest; Katsushika to the east; Edogawa to the southeast; Taito to the west; Chuo to the southwest; and Koto to the south. The ward was founded on March 15, 1947. It was previously the wards Honjo and Mukojima. Mukojima, formed in 1932, contained the former town of Sumida, which along with the river gave the ward its name. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Kita-ku <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Kita-ku <p> country <o> Japan <s> Kita-ku <p> part of <o> ward area of Tokyo <s> Kita-ku <p> part of <o> Tokyo <s> Kita-ku <p> official symbol <o> Rhododendron <s> Kita-ku <p> named after <o> north <s> Kita-ku <p> official symbol <o> cherry blossom <s> Kita-ku <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kita, Tokyo <s> Kita-ku <p> replaces <o> Takinogawa-ku <s> Kita-ku <p> replaces <o> Ōji-ku <s> Kita-ku <p> instance of <o> administrative territorial entity <s> Kita-ku <p> legal form <o> special local public entity <s> Kita-ku <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Kita-ku <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 12th district <s> Kita-ku <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sakata <s> Kita-ku <p> shares border with <o> Adachi-ku <s> Kita-ku <p> shares border with <o> Itabashi-ku <s> Kita-ku <p> shares border with <o> Arakawa-ku <s> Kita-ku <p> shares border with <o> Bunkyo <s> Kita-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Sumida River <s> Kita-ku <p> shares border with <o> Toshima-ku <s> Kita-ku <p> shares border with <o> Kawaguchi <s> Kita-ku <p> instance of <o> special ward of Japan <s> Kita-ku <p> head of government <o> Yosota Hanakawa <s> Kita-ku <p> shares border with <o> Toda <s> Kita-ku <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Arakawa River <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Toshima <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamiya <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōji-Honchō <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishigaoka <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishigahara <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akabane <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōji <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akabane-Kita <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tabata-Shinmachi <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akabane-Minami <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akabane-Nishi <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takinogawa <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akabane-Dai <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tabata <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakazato <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Iwabuchimachi <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakaechō <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jūjō <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Horifune <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kishimachi <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Nakazato <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Tabata <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shōwamachi <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ukima <s> Kita-ku <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kirigaoka <s> Hachijo <p> country <o> Japan <s> Hachijo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Hachijo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Maui County <s> Hachijo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Hachijo, Tokyo <s> Hachijo <p> head of government <o> Tomonari Yamashita <s> Hachijo <p> replaces <o> Nakanogō <s> Hachijo <p> replaces <o> Toriuchi <s> Hachijo <p> replaces <o> Sueyoshi <s> Hachijo <p> replaces <o> Kashitate <s> Hachijo <p> replaces <o> Mitsune <s> Hachijo <p> replaces <o> Utsuki <s> Hachijo <p> replaces <o> Ōkagō <s> Hachijo <p> instance of <o> town of Japan <s> Hachijo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Hachijō Subprefecture <s> Hachijo <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Hachijo <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 3rd district <s> Kozushima <p> different from <o> Kōzu-shima <s> Kozushima <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 3rd district <s> Kozushima <p> country <o> Japan <s> Kozushima <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Pacific Ocean <s> Kozushima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Kozushima <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Philippine Sea <s> Kozushima <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kozushima, Tokyo <s> Kozushima <p> mascot <o> Kanmurin <s> Kozushima <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Kozushima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōshima Subprefecture <s> Kozushima <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Kozushima <p> instance of <o> village of Japan <s> Kozushima <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Izu Islands <s> Kozushima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo Prefecture <s> Kozushima <p> location <o> Tokyo Islands <s> Kozushima <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Ōshima Subprefecture <s> Niijima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Niijima <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 3rd district <s> Niijima <p> country <o> Japan <s> Niijima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo Prefecture <s> Niijima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōshima Subprefecture <s> Niijima <p> different from <o> Nii-jima <s> Niijima <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Niijima, Tokyo <s> Niijima <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tsuruoka <s> Niijima <p> replaces <o> Wakagō <s> Niijima <p> instance of <o> village of Japan <s> Niijima <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Ōshima Subprefecture <s> Niijima <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Niijima <p> location <o> Tokyo Islands <s> Niijima <p> has part(s) <o> Nii-jima <s> Niijima <p> has part(s) <o> Shikine-jima <s> Niijima <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Song <p> main subject <o> Tokyo <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Song <p> form of creative work <o> song <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Song <p> instance of <o> symbol of Tokyo <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Song <p> language of work or name <o> Classical Japanese <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Song <p> location of first performance <o> Tokyo Metropolitan Hibiya Public Hall <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Song <p> instance of <o> musical work/composition <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Song <p> performer <o> Miho Nagato <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Song <p> performer <o> Tamotsu Kinoshita <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Song <p> lyrics by <o> Harada Shigehisa <s> Tokyo Metropolitan Song <p> has characteristic <o> Japanese prefecture song <s> Tōkyō tosei <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Japan <s> Tōkyō tosei <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Tokyo <s> Tōkyō tosei <p> main subject <o> Tokyo <s> Tōkyō tosei <p> replaced by <o> Local Autonomy Act <s> Tōkyō tosei <p> language of work or name <o> Japanese <s> Tōkyō tosei <p> country <o> Empire of Japan <s> Tōkyō tosei <p> instance of <o> public administration <s> Tōkyō tosei <p> instance of <o> statute <s> Local Autonomy Act <p> country <o> Japan <s> Local Autonomy Act <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Japan <s> Local Autonomy Act <p> language of work or name <o> Japanese <s> Local Autonomy Act <p> main subject <o> local public entity <s> Local Autonomy Act <p> instance of <o> administrative law <s> Local Autonomy Act <p> amended by <o> Social Education Act <s> Local Autonomy Act <p> instance of <o> statute <s> Local Autonomy Act <p> instance of <o> law of Japan <s> Local Autonomy Act <p> replaces <o> Tōkyō tosei <s> Local Autonomy Act <p> legislated by <o> Imperial Diet <s> Local Autonomy Act <p> main regulatory text <o> The Constitution of Japan <s> Honolulu <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zhangzhou <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mumbai <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Puerto Princesa <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tokyo <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manila <s> Honolulu <p> capital of <o> Hawaii <s> Honolulu <p> different from <o> Honolulu <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sintra <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kaohsiung <s> Honolulu <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Honolulu <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Caracas <s> Honolulu <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Honolulu <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Honolulu <p> capital of <o> Kingdom of Hawaiʻi <s> Honolulu <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Oahu <s> Honolulu <p> capital of <o> Provisional Government of Hawaii <s> Honolulu <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Honolulu <p> capital of <o> Honolulu County <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Haikou <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vigan <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mombasa <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Naha <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bruyères <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cebu City <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fengxian District <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Uwajima <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Candon <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Funchal <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Baguio <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Juan <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mandaluyong <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Qinhuangdao <s> Honolulu <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Honolulu <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Huế <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rabat <s> Honolulu <p> instance of <o> county seat <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chengdu <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zhongshan <s> Honolulu <p> located in time zone <o> Hawaii–Aleutian Time Zone <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fuzhou <s> Honolulu <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Honolulu <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cali <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Warringah Council <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> New Orleans <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Luganville <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hiroshima <s> Honolulu <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Honolulu County <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Baku <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Laoag <s> Honolulu <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Honolulu <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Territory of Hawaii <s> Honolulu <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Honolulu <s> Honolulu <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Honolulu, Hawaii <s> Honolulu <p> head of government <o> Rick Blangiardi <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seoul <s> Honolulu <p> flag <o> flag of Honolulu <s> Honolulu <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Honolulu <s> Honolulu <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Honolulu <s> Honolulu <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Honolulu <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Honolulu <p> described by source <o> The American Cyclopædia <s> Honolulu <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Honolulu <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Honolulu <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Honolulu <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yangzhou <s> Honolulu <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Honolulu <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chigasaki <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nagaoka <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Majuro <s> Honolulu <p> twinned administrative body <o> Incheon <s> Honolulu <p> depicted by <o> James Bissett <s> Honolulu <p> history of topic <o> timeline of Honolulu <s> Honolulu <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Honolulu <s> Honolulu <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Honolulu, Hawaii <s> Honolulu <p> located in statistical territorial entity <o> Honolulu metropolitan area <s> Honolulu <p> open data portal <o> Honolulu open data portal <s> Honolulu <p> hardiness zone <o> 12a <s> Honolulu <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Honolulu <s> Yuriko Koike <p> instance of <o> human <s> Yuriko Koike <p> writing language <o> Japanese <s> Yuriko Koike <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Japanese <s> Yuriko Koike <p> country of citizenship <o> Japan <s> Yuriko Koike <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Arabic <s> Yuriko Koike <p> occupation <o> politician <s> Yuriko Koike <p> member of political party <o> Liberal Democratic Party <s> Yuriko Koike <p> educated at <o> Cairo University <s> Yuriko Koike <p> educated at <o> The American University in Cairo <s> Yuriko Koike <p> occupation <o> international forum participant <s> Yuriko Koike <p> place of birth <o> Ashiya <s> Yuriko Koike <p> position held <o> Governor of Tokyo <s> Yuriko Koike <p> position held <o> member of the House of Representatives of Japan <s> Yuriko Koike <p> position held <o> member of the House of Councillors <s> Yuriko Koike <p> award received <o> Time 100 <s> Yuriko Koike <p> position held <o> Minister of the Environment <s> Yuriko Koike <p> educated at <o> Kwansei Gakuin University <s> Yuriko Koike <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Yuriko Koike <s> Yuriko Koike <p> position held <o> Minister of Defense of Japan <s> Yuriko Koike <p> participant in <o> Asia Summit 2020 <s> Yuriko Koike <p> mother <o> Emiko Koike <s> Yuriko Koike <p> award received <o> Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women <s> Yuriko Koike <p> father <o> Yujiro Koike <s> Yuriko Koike <p> given name <o> Yuriko <s> Yuriko Koike <p> sex or gender <o> female <s> Yuriko Koike <p> family name <o> Koike <s> Yuriko Koike <p> award received <o> Officer of the Legion of Honour <s> Yuriko Koike <p> award received <o> Gold Olympic Order <s> Yuriko Koike <p> candidacy in election <o> 2016 Tokyo gubernatorial election <s> Yuriko Koike <p> candidacy in election <o> 2020 Tokyo gubernatorial election <s> Tachikawa <p> country <o> Japan <s> Tachikawa <p> shares border with <o> Kunitachi <s> Tachikawa <p> shares border with <o> Higashiyamato <s> Tachikawa <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Tachikawa <p> shares border with <o> Akishima <s> Tachikawa <p> shares border with <o> Kodaira <s> Tachikawa <p> shares border with <o> Musashimurayama <s> Tachikawa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Tachikawa <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Tachikawa <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Tachikawa <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tachikawa, Tokyo <s> Tachikawa <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Bernardino <s> Tachikawa <p> shares border with <o> Fussa <s> Tachikawa <p> shares border with <o> Hino <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Saiwaichō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Akebonochō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kashiwachō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sakaechō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Izumichō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Midorichō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wakabachō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kami-Sunachō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishikichō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ichibanchō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fujimichō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sunagawachō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hagoromochō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-Sunachō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Takamatsuchō <s> Tachikawa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shibasakichō <s> Tachikawa <p> shares border with <o> Kokubunji <s> Tachikawa <p> legislative body <o> Tachikawa City Assembly <s> Tachikawa <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 21th district <s> Tachikawa <p> replaces <o> Sunagawa <s> Tachikawa <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity </Graph>

<Text> :Kozu-shima is a volcanic Japanese island in the Philippine Sea. The island is administered by Tokyo and is located approximately 30 kilometres northwest of the Miyake-jima and 14 kilometres southwest of the Nii-jima. It is one of the Izu Seven Islands group of the seven northern islands of the Izu archipelago. Kozushima is administratively part of Kozushima Village under Oshima Subprefecture of Tokyo Metropolis. As of 2017, the island's population was 1,952. Kozushima is also within the boundaries of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. Kozu-shima is a compound volcanic island 6 km in length with a maximum width of 4 km. The island is formed from a cluster of eighteen lava domes, with rhyolite and pyroclastic ash deposits. The highest of these lava domes, Tenjo-san , has a height of 571 metres , and was last active in 838 AD per the ancient Japanese history Shoku Nihon Koki. Compared with most of the other islands in the Izu archipelago, Kozu-shima is relatively flat, with small eroded hills, and lacks the high coastal cliffs found on the other islands. Earthquake swarms have occurred at Kozu-shima during the 20th century. The island has been recognised as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it supports populations of Japanese wood pigeons, Tristram's storm petrels, Japanese murrelets, Ijima's leaf-warblers, Pleske's grasshopper warblers and Izu thrushes. Kozu-shima has been inhabited since at least the Japanese Paleolithic era, and archaeologists have found Jomon period stone tools made from obsidian in Shizuoka and Yamanashi Prefectures. Under the Ritsuryo system of the early Nara period, the island was part of Suruga Province. It was transferred to Izu Province when Izu separated from Suruga in 680 AD. During the Heian period, obsidian was the primary export from the island. Nii-jima is a volcanic Japanese island administered by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. It is one of the Izu Seven Islands group of the seven northern islands of the Izu archipelago, and is located approximately 163 kilometres south of Tokyo and 36 kilometres south of Shimoda Shizuoka Prefecture. The island is the larger inhabited component of the village of Niijima Village, Oshima Subprefecture of Tokyo Metropolis, which also contains the neighboring island of Shikine-jima and the smaller, uninhabited Jinai-to. Nii-jima is also within the boundaries of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. Nii-jima is unusual amongst the Izu Islands in that it has an elongated shape. Measuring approximately 11 kilometres long by 2.5 kilometres wide, it has a land area of 23.87 km2. The island is made of eight rhyolitic lava domes in two groups at the northern and southern ends of the island, separated by a low, flat isthmus. The Mukai-yama complex in the southern portion of the island and the Achiyama lava dome at the northern end were formed during Nii-jima's only historical eruptions in the 9th century AD. The northern end also contains Miyatsuka-yama , the island's highest point, at 432 metres . The Atchiyama rhyolitic lava dome and neighboring Wakago basaltic pyroclastic deposit contain rare xenoliths composed of gabbro. These gabbroic rock fragments originated from magma bodies that were located beneath the rhyolitic volcano. Shikine-jima and Jinnai-to are part of the same complex, and form separate islands to the southwest and west of Nii-jima. Rhyolite lava gives the island its famed white cliffs and white sandy beaches Nii-jima is prone to earthquake swarms. According to the US Geological Survey map, the area around Nii-jima averages 10-20 earthquakes, with a magnitude of 5 or greater, each year. However, the often repeated legend that Nii-jima and Shikine-jima were once a single island that was separated by huge tsunami caused by the 1703 Genroku earthquake has no basis in geology. Even though Nii-jima is located relatively close to Honshu, the small population and lower exploitation has allowed the island's natural wildlife to be well preserved, and many varieties can be seen. Riding on the Kuroshio current, many oceanic species and birds migrate thorough the island, Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins that have seemingly moved to here, and other areas, from Mikurajima inhabit the near shores; along with nesting sea turtles, and the occasional visiting manta ray. The Local Autonomy Law , passed by the House of Representatives and the House of Peers on March 28, 1947 and promulgated as Law No. 67 of 1947 on April 17, is an Act of devolution that established most of Japan's contemporary local government structures and administrative divisions, including prefectures, municipalities and other entities. On July 16, 1999, the law was amended to eliminate administrative functions imposed upon local governments by the central governments and to establish Committee for Settling National-Local Disputes. The law and other relevant laws have been amended after the revision to promote decentralization. Ordinary LPEs are the basic local governments. The distinction between ordinary and special LPEs is primarily relevant under the Constitution of Japan, which grants ordinary LPEs particular rights, including: Special LPEs do not have these authorities except as otherwise provided by statute. While special wards are regarded as basic local governments within Tokyo, other special LPEs are consortia of LPEs for specific fields such as schools, waterworks and waste management. LPEs are self-governing in many respects, but report indirectly to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in Tokyo, which monitors relations between LPEs, as well as relations between LPEs and the government. The Ministry generally approves all inter-prefectural special LPEs, while inter-municipal special LPEs are approved by prefectural governors. Honolulu is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Hawaii, which is in the Pacific Ocean. An unincorporated city, it is the county seat of the consolidated City and County of Honolulu, situated along the southeast coast of the island of O`ahu, and is the westernmost and southernmost major U.S. city. Honolulu is Hawaii's main gateway to the world. It is also a major hub for business, finance, hospitality, and military defense in both the state and Oceania. The city is characterized by a mix of various Asian, Western, and Pacific cultures, reflected in its diverse demography, cuisine, and traditions. Honolulu is Hawaiian for "sheltered harbor" or "calm port"; its old name, Kou, roughly encompasses the area from Nu`uanu Avenue to Alakea Street and from Hotel Street to Queen Street, which is the heart of the present downtown district. The city's desirability as a port accounts for its historical growth and importance in the Hawaiian archipelago and the broader Pacific region. Honolulu has been the capital of the Hawaiian Islands since 1845, firstly of the independent Hawaiian Kingdom, and since 1898 of the U.S. territory and state of Hawaii. The city gained worldwide recognition following the Empire of Japan's attack on nearby Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, which prompted the entry of the U.S. into World War II; the harbor remains a major U.S. Navy base, hosting the United States Pacific Fleet, the world's largest naval command. Hawaii is the only state with no incorporated places below the county level. The U.S. Census Bureau recognizes the approximate area commonly referred to as the "City of Honolulu" as a census county division . As of the 2020 U.S. Census, the population of Honolulu was 350,964, while that of the urban Honolulu census-designated place was 802,459. The Urban Honolulu Metropolitan Statistical Area had 1,016,508 residents in 2020. With over 300,000 residents, Honolulu is the most populous Oceanian city outside Australasia. Honolulu's favorable tropical climate, rich natural scenery, and extensive beaches make it a popular global destination for tourists. With over 2.7 million visitors as of 2019, Honolulu is the seventh-most visited city in the United States after New York City, Miami, Los Angeles, Orlando, San Francisco, and Las Vegas. Yuriko Koike is a Japanese politician, who has served as the Governor of Tokyo since 2016. She graduated from the American University in Cairo in 1976 and was a member of the House of Representatives of Japan from 1993 until 2016, when she resigned to run for Governor of Tokyo. She also previously served as Minister of the Environment in the Junichiro Koizumi cabinet from 2003 to 2006 and briefly as Minister of Defense in the first cabinet of Shinzo Abe in 2007. Koike was elected Governor of Tokyo in 2016, becoming the metropolis's first female Governor. Koike was re-elected Governor in 2020, winning 59.7% of the vote. Considered one of the most high-profile and well-known Japanese politicians, Koike has been frequently mentioned as holding Prime Ministerial ambitions. She ran in the 2008 Liberal Democratic Party leadership election, becoming the first woman to run for the leadership of a major Japanese political party, however she came in third place losing to Taro Aso. In 2017 she left the LDP amid much media attention and launched two parties: the national party Kibo no To and the regional party Tomin First no Kai. Kibo no To contested the 2017 general election with Koike as leader, however the party underperformed expectations and mostly disappeared after merging with the Democratic Party for the People in 2018. The same year Koike stepped down as leader of Tomin First and officially became independent, however she has still endorsed and campaigned for Tomin First candidates in Tokyo and the party still makes frequent use of her image and policies. Koike has come under some scrutiny from Japanese liberals and Koreans in both Japan and the Koreas for her refusal to acknowledge the occurrence of 1923 Kanto Massacre, which mainly targeted ethnic Koreans, as well as her association with groups that are often labeled anti-Korean. Born and raised in Ashiya, Hyogo, a wealthy, small, city near Kobe, Koike went to Konan Girls' Junior and Senior High School for her secondary education. Her father, Yujiro Koike, was a foreign trade merchant who handled oil products. He was also involved in politics, supporting Shintaro Ishihara and the Tatenokai in the 1960s, and ran unsuccessfully for national election in 1969. Yujiro emphasised to Yuriko that it was essential for Japan to strengthen relations with Arab countries to ensure a stable petroleum supply to prevent Japan being thrust into an oil war again in the future. After dropping out of Kwansei Gakuin University's School of Sociology in September 1971, she went on to study Arabic at the American University in Cairo and received a Bachelor of Arts in Sociology as the top student from Cairo University in October 1976. When she was 21, she married a fellow Japanese student but divorced soon after. She began to work as an interpreter of Arabic and later became a journalist, interviewing Muammar Gaddafi and Yasser Arafat in 1978, and becoming a news anchor in 1979. She received the Female Broadcaster of Japan award in 1990. Tachikawa is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 March 2021, the city had an estimated population of 184,383 in 93,428 households, and a population density of 7600 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 24.36 square kilometres . Tachikawa is located on the Musashino Terrace of western Tokyo, approximately 40 km west of the center of Tokyo. The Tama River flows between Tachikawa and the neighboring city of Hino. The Tamagawa-jousui flows north of the city, with a great promenade on both banks. Tachikawa has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Tachikawa is 13.9 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1647 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.4 degC, and lowest in January, at around 2.4 degC. The area of present-day Tachikawa was part of ancient Musashi Province and was controlled from the Heian period through then Sengoku period by the Tachikawa clan. In the Edo period, it was little more than a village along the Koshu Kaido. In the post-Meiji Restoration cadastral reform of July 22, 1878, the area became part of Kitatama District in Kanagawa Prefecture In the Meiji period, the opening of what would later become the Chuo Main Line in 1889 led to a large-scale land development and on April 1, 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipalities law, the village of Tachikawa was created. Kitatama District was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1893. Tachikawa Airfield Was established in 1922 by the Imperial Japanese Army, and Tachikawa was elevated to town status the following year. On December 1, 1940, Tachikawa was elevated to city status. Before the war, Tachikawa was a military town centered on Tachikawa Airfield, and even after the war, it was a major base for the US military until 1977. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Higashikurume <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Higashikurume <p> country <o> Japan <s> Higashikurume <p> shares border with <o> Higashimurayama <s> Higashikurume <p> shares border with <o> Kodaira <s> Higashikurume <p> shares border with <o> Niiza <s> Higashikurume <p> shares border with <o> Nishitokyo <s> Higashikurume <p> shares border with <o> Kiyose <s> Higashikurume <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Higashikurume <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Higashikurume <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Higashikurume <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hibarigaoka-Danchi <s> Higashikurume <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashi-Honchō <s> Higashikurume <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Higashikurume, Tokyo <s> Higashikurume <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 20th district <s> Higashikurume <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Higashikurume, Tokyo <s> Higashikurume <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Fussa <p> country <o> Japan <s> Fussa <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Fussa <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Fussa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Fussa <p> shares border with <o> Tachikawa <s> Fussa <p> shares border with <o> Hamura <s> Fussa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fussa <s> Fussa <p> replaces <o> Fussa <s> Fussa <p> shares border with <o> Hachioji <s> Fussa <p> shares border with <o> Akishima <s> Fussa <p> shares border with <o> Akiruno <s> Fussa <p> shares border with <o> Musashimurayama <s> Fussa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kumagawa-Ninomiya <s> Fussa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kumagawa <s> Fussa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fussa-Ninomiya <s> Fussa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ushihama <s> Fussa <p> shares border with <o> Mizuho <s> Fussa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shimo <s> Fussa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kamidaira <s> Fussa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Denen <s> Fussa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-Denen <s> Fussa <p> replaces <o> Kumagawa <s> Fussa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Honchō <s> Fussa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashichō <s> Fussa <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Musashinodai <s> Fussa <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Fussa, Tokyo <s> Fussa <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Fussa <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Fussa, Tokyo <s> Fussa <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 25th district <s> Hino <p> country <o> Japan <s> Hino <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Hino <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Hino <p> shares border with <o> Fuchū <s> Hino <p> shares border with <o> Akishima <s> Hino <p> shares border with <o> Tama <s> Hino <p> shares border with <o> Tachikawa <s> Hino <p> shares border with <o> Kunitachi <s> Hino <p> shares border with <o> Hachioji <s> Hino <p> twinned administrative body <o> Neustadt an der Aisch <s> Hino <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Hino <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minami-Daira <s> Hino <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Hino, Tokyo <s> Hino <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Hino <p> replaces <o> Nanao <s> Hino <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tama-Daira <s> Hino <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kawabehori-no-uchi <s> Hino <p> head of government <o> Fuyuhiko Ōtsubo <s> Hino <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 21th district <s> Hino <p> replaces <o> Kuwata <s> Hino <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Western Tokyo <s> Hino <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Hino, Tokyo <s> Hino <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Kiyose <p> country <o> Japan <s> Kiyose <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Kiyose <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Kiyose <p> shares border with <o> Higashimurayama <s> Kiyose <p> shares border with <o> Tokorozawa <s> Kiyose <p> shares border with <o> Higashikurume <s> Kiyose <p> shares border with <o> Niiza <s> Kiyose <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Kiyose <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asahigaoka <s> Kiyose <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Shitajuku <s> Kiyose <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nakazato <s> Kiyose <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Noshio <s> Kiyose <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kiyose, Tokyo <s> Kiyose <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Kiyose, Tokyo <s> Kiyose <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Kiyose <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 20th district <s> Kiyose <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Kiyose, Tokyo <s> Inagi <p> country <o> Japan <s> Inagi <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tokyo <s> Inagi <p> shares border with <o> Kawasaki <s> Inagi <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Inagi <p> shares border with <o> Tama <s> Inagi <p> shares border with <o> Fuchū <s> Inagi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wakabadai <s> Inagi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kōyōdai <s> Inagi <p> shares border with <o> Chofu <s> Inagi <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Inagi <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Inagi, Tokyo <s> Inagi <p> replaces <o> Tama <s> Inagi <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Inagi <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Inagi, Tokyo <s> Inagi <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 22nd district <s> Inagi <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 21th district <s> Inagi <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 30th district <s> Oshima <p> country <o> Japan <s> Oshima <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Oshima <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Pacific Ocean <s> Oshima <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Oshima, Tokyo <s> Oshima <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Izu Ōshima <s> Oshima <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Ōshima Subprefecture <s> Oshima <p> capital of <o> Izu Ōshima <s> Oshima <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Philippine Sea <s> Oshima <p> replaces <o> Habuminato <s> Oshima <p> replaces <o> Moto <s> Oshima <p> replaces <o> Okata <s> Oshima <p> replaces <o> Senzu <s> Oshima <p> replaces <o> Nomashi <s> Oshima <p> replaces <o> Sashikiji <s> Oshima <p> instance of <o> town of Japan <s> Oshima <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yamagata <s> Oshima <p> coextensive with <o> Izu Ōshima <s> Oshima <p> official symbol <o> Camellia japonica <s> Oshima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ōshima Subprefecture <s> Oshima <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 3rd district <s> Oshima <p> location <o> Tokyo Islands <s> Oshima <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Aogashima <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 3rd district <s> Aogashima <p> country <o> Japan <s> Aogashima <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Aogashima <p> capital of <o> Aogashima <s> Aogashima <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Hachijō Subprefecture <s> Aogashima <p> instance of <o> village of Japan <s> Aogashima <p> different from <o> Aogashima <s> Aogashima <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Aogashima, Tokyo <s> Aogashima <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Hinode <p> country <o> Japan <s> Hinode <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Hinode <p> associated electoral district <o> Tokyo 25th district <s> Hinode <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Hinode <p> shares border with <o> Ome <s> Hinode <p> instance of <o> town of Japan <s> Hinode <p> shares border with <o> Akiruno <s> Hinode <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishitama district <s> Hinode <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Hinode, Tokyo <s> Hinode <p> replaces <o> Hirai <s> Hinode <p> replaces <o> Ōguno <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> instance of <o> human <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Korean <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> religion or worldview <o> Catholicism <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> country of citizenship <o> South Korea <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> occupation <o> judge <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> occupation <o> lawyer <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> native language <o> Korean <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> educated at <o> Korea University <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> place of birth <o> Seongdong District <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> occupation <o> politician <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> family name <o> Oh <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> given name <o> Se-hun <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> given name <o> Shìxūn <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> employer <o> Sookmyung Women's University <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> different from <o> Oh Se-hun <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> position held <o> Mayor of Seoul <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> educated at <o> Hankuk University of Foreign Studies <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> position held <o> Member of the National Assembly of South Korea <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> spouse <o> Hyun-Ok Song <s> Oh Se-hoon <p> member of political party <o> People Power Party <s> Korean <p> indigenous to <o> South Korea <s> Korean <p> indigenous to <o> North Korea <s> Korean <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have <s> Korean <p> country <o> Canada <s> Korean <p> country <o> Japan <s> Korean <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Korean <p> country <o> People's Republic of China <s> Korean <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Korean <p> category for films in this language <o> Category:Korean-language films <s> Korean <p> writing system <o> Hangul <s> Korean <p> country <o> Russia <s> Korean <p> related category <o> Category:Korean pronunciation <s> Korean <p> has grammatical case <o> accusative case <s> Korean <p> has grammatical case <o> instrumental case <s> Korean <p> linguistic typology <o> synthetic language <s> Korean <p> has grammatical case <o> nominative case <s> Korean <p> has grammatical case <o> genitive case <s> Korean <p> linguistic typology <o> agglutinative language <s> Korean <p> writing system <o> Hanja <s> Korean <p> has grammatical case <o> dative case <s> Korean <p> country <o> Malaysia <s> Korean <p> replaces <o> Early Modern Korean <s> Korean <p> linguistic typology <o> postposition <s> Korean <p> linguistic typology <o> vowel harmony <s> Korean <p> studied in <o> Korean studies <s> Korean <p> linguistic typology <o> pro-drop language <s> Korean <p> linguistic typology <o> subject–object–verb <s> Korean <p> linguistic typology <o> pitch accent <s> Korean <p> has tense <o> past tense <s> Korean <p> country <o> North Korea <s> Korean <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Korean language <s> Korean <p> linguistic typology <o> nominative–accusative language <s> Korean <p> has grammatical case <o> vocative case <s> Korean <p> has tense <o> present tense <s> Korean <p> has tense <o> future tense <s> Korean <p> language regulatory body <o> National Institute of Korean Language <s> Korean <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Korean <p> instance of <o> natural language <s> Korean <p> linguistic typology <o> syllabic language <s> Korean <p> subclass of <o> Koreanic <s> Korean <p> Ethnologue language status <o> 1 National <s> Korean <p> UNESCO language status <o> 1 safe <s> Korean <p> instance of <o> modern language <s> Korean <p> linguistic typology <o> adjective-noun <s> Korean <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 5 <s> Korean <p> follows <o> Middle Korean </Graph>

<Text> :Higashikurume is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 117,020, and a population density of 9100 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 12.88 square kilometres . Higashikurume is in the north-center of Tokyo Metropolis, on the Musashino Terrace, approximately 25 kilometers from downtown Tokyo. The Kurome River flows through the western end of the city, and the Ochiai River flows through the center of the city. The land slopes gently from west to east. Higashikurume has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Higashikurume is 14.0 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1647 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.7 degC, and lowest in January, at around 2.3 degC. Per Japanese census data, the population of Higashikurume increased rapidly in the 1960s and 1970s due to the establishment of many large scale public housing complexes, but has remained relatively constant over the past 40 years. As with Japan as a whole, the city's population has aged rapidly in recent decades. Fussa is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 56,786, and a population density of 5600 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 10.16 square kilometres . Fussa is approximately in the geographic center of Tokyo Metropolis, on the Musashino Terrace, bordered by the floodplains of the Tama River. The land slopes gently from north to south, with an elevation of 124 meters above sea level at the location of the city hall, which is almost at the geographic center of the city area. The highest elevation is 143.5 meters in the northeast, and the lowest is 104 meters in the southwest. The area along the river is home to many parks and almost 300 cherry blossom trees, recreational facilities and bicycle paths. Fussa has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Fussa is 13.9 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1998 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.3 degC, and lowest in January, at around 2.4 degC. The area of present-day Fussa was part of ancient Musashi Province. During the Edo period, it was tenryo territory controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate and administered by various hatamoto. The area was agricultural and noted for silkworms and sake production. After the Meiji Restoration, the 26 hamlets in the area consolidated into the villages of Fussa, Kumagawa and Tama within the short-lived Shinagawa Prefecture, followed by Kanagawa Prefecture. Parts of the area were involved in the Chichibu Incident of 1884. Kiyose is a city located in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 74,972 in 36,376 households, and a population density of 7300 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 10.23 square kilometres . Kiyose City is roughly in the shape of a wedge, bordered by Saitama Prefecture to the north, east and south and separated from the city of Tokorozawa by the Yanase River. The city has considerable green space, with around 46% of its area remaining rural. Kiyose is located on a flat tableland about 15 km from the northeastern edge of Musashino Plateau. The city measures approximately 6.5 km northeast to southwest and 2 km northwest to southeast, with the west side slightly higher than the east. Average altitude above sea level ranges from 65 meters at Takeoka in the west to 20 meters at Shitajuku in the northeastern side. The city area is mostly diluvial soil except for a small area of alluvial soil by Yanase River, which runs on the edge of the region. Kiyose has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Kiyose is 14.0 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1647 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.7 degC, and lowest in January, at around 2.3 degC. Inagi is a city located in the western portion of Tokyo Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 April 2021, the city had an estimated population of 92,585 in 41,592 households, and a population density of 5200 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 17.97 square kilometres . Inagi is located in the south-central portion of Tokyo Metropolis, approximately 25 kilometers from the center of Tokyo. The Tama River flows through the city, which is bordered by Kanagawa Prefecture to the south. Inagi has a humid subtropical climate characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Inagi is 14.3 degC. The average annual rainfall is 1647 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.6 degC, and lowest in January, at around 3.2 degC. The area of Inagi has been settled since the Japanese Paleolithic, or for over 20,000 years, based on projectile points, stone tools and microliths found in several locations within city borders. There is evidence of several Jomon period settlements, but settlement disappeared towards the end of the Jomon period due to climate change and eruptions of Mount Fuji. The area was sparely settled in the Yayoi period, with increasing settlement density in the Kofun period. A number of Nara period remains have been found, including the ruins of a roof tile kiln. During the Heian period, the area became part of a shoen controlled by the Oyamada clan, and later by their cadet branch, the Inabe clan into the Kamakura period, and was an area contested between competing branches of the Ashikaga clan and Uesugi clan in the Muromachi and Sengoku periods. After the start of the Edo period, the area was tenryo controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate. Inagi as a municipality was founded on April 1, 1889 as a village in what was then Minamitama District, Kanagawa Prefecture, from the merger of 6 pre-Meiji period hamlets with the establishment of the modern municipalities system. The district was transferred to the administrative control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1893. Aogashima is a volcanic island to the south of Japan in northernmost Micronesia. It is the southernmost and most isolated inhabited island of the Izu Islands. The islands border the northeast Philippine Sea and lie north of the Ogasawara Islands. The island lies approximately 358 kilometres south of mainland Tokyo and 64 kilometres south of Hachijo-jima. The island is administered by the village of Aogashima, which is subordinate to the Hachijo Subprefecture, which itself is governed by the City of Tokyo. The island has an area of 8.75 km2 , and, as of 2014, its population is a mere 170 people. This means that the village of Aogashima has the smallest population of any municipality in Japan. Aogashima is also part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. Aogashima is a complex Quaternary volcanic island 3.5 km in length with a maximum width of 2.5 km, formed by the overlapping remnants of at least four submarine calderas. The island is surrounded by very steep rugged cliffs of layered volcanic deposits. The southern coast also rises to a sharp ridge forming one edge of a caldera named Ikenosawa with a diameter of 1.5 km. The caldera dominates the island, with one point on its southern ridge, Otonbu with a height of 423 metres , as the island's highest point. The caldera is occupied by a secondary cone named Maruyama . Still considered a Class-C active volcano by the Japan Meteorological Agency, the last eruption of Aogashima was during a four-year period from 1781-1785. It is located along the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc. The island has been recognised as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it supports populations of Japanese woodpigeons, Pleske's grasshopper warblers, Ijima's leaf-warblers and Izu thrushes. Oh Se-hoon is a South Korean politician who is the current Mayor of Seoul since 8 April 2021. He also previously served as a member of the National Assembly from 2000 to 2004, and as Mayor of Seoul from 2006 to 2011. A member of the People Power Party , Oh is a lawyer by profession. Oh was born on 4 January 1961 in Seongdong District, Seoul. He graduated from Daeil High School and went on to study at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. He then transferred, graduating from Korea University's School of Law. After passing the bar exam, he started practicing as an attorney. In 1994, he appeared on the MBC program Lawyer Oh and Lawyer Bae ) and gained popularity among the public. On July 1, 2006, Oh began his first term as the Mayor of Seoul. Oh was reelected to his second term in 2010 but resigned in 2011, partly due to the rejection of his proposal under the Seoul free lunch referendum. During his tenure, Oh was involved with the Seoul Foundation for Arts and Culture, participating in a celebration video for the organization alongside foundation chairman Park Bum-Shin and Seoul Arts Director Ahn Eun-Mi. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> history of Seoul <p> facet of <o> Seoul <s> history of Seoul <p> instance of <o> history of a city <s> history of Seoul <p> topic's main category <o> Category:History of Seoul <s> Forsythia <p> color <o> yellow <s> Forsythia <p> instance of <o> taxon <s> Forsythia <p> taxon rank <o> genus <s> Forsythia <p> parent taxon <o> Forsythieae <s> Forsythia <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Forsythia <s> Forsythia <p> taxonomic type <o> Forsythia suspensa <s> Forsythia <p> has fruit type <o> capsule <s> Forsythia <p> described by source <o> Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, volume 61 <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) of the class <o> sport <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> country <o> South Korea <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> instance of <o> Summer Olympic Games <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> followed by <o> 1992 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> follows <o> 1984 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> torch lit by <o> Sohn Kee-chung <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> sports season of league or competition <o> Summer Olympic Games <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> weightlifting at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> boxing at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> officially opened by <o> Roh Tae-woo <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> oath made by <o> Hur Jae <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> oath made by <o> Son Mi-na <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> football at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> diving at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> final event <o> 1988 Summer Olympics closing ceremony <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> women's judo at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> oath made by <o> Lee Hak-rae <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> location <o> Seoul Olympic Main Stadium <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> rhythmic gymnastics at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> basketball at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> badminton at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> fencing at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> equestrian at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> archery at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> judo at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> field hockey at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> shooting at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> rowing at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> canoeing at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> mascot <o> Hodori <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> cycling at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> gymnastics at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> taekwondo at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> bowling at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> synchronized swimming at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> baseball at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> artistic gymnastics at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> torch lit by <o> Chung Sunman <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> wheelchair racing at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> topic's main category <o> Category:1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> wrestling at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> table tennis at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) of the class <o> Olympic sporting event <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> torch lit by <o> Kim Won-tak <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> handball at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> modern pentathlon at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> volleyball at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> 1988 Summer Olympics <p> has part(s) <o> water polo at the 1988 Summer Olympics <s> Seoul <p> part of <o> Kurr <s> Seoul <p> different from <o> Seoul <s> Seoul <p> followed by <o> Hilli (At the Top of the World) <s> Seoul <p> instance of <o> single <s> Seoul <p> genre <o> post-rock <s> Seoul <p> performer <o> Amiina <s> Eurasian Magpie <p> instance of <o> taxon <s> Eurasian Magpie <p> taxon range <o> People's Republic of China <s> Eurasian Magpie <p> taxon rank <o> species <s> Eurasian Magpie <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Pica pica <s> Eurasian Magpie <p> taxon range <o> Hefei <s> Eurasian Magpie <p> IUCN conservation status <o> Least Concern <s> Eurasian Magpie <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 5 <s> Eurasian Magpie <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Eurasian Magpie <p> maintained by WikiProject <o> WikiProject Invasion Biology <s> Eurasian Magpie <p> uses <o> self-awareness <s> Eurasian Magpie <p> parent taxon <o> Pica <s> Seoul <p> different from <o> Seoul <s> Seoul <p> place of publication <o> South Korea <s> Seoul <p> language of work or name <o> Korean <s> Seoul <p> distribution format <o> compact disc <s> Seoul <p> instance of <o> extended play <s> Seoul <p> genre <o> K-pop <s> Seoul <p> performer <o> Bolbbalgan4 <s> Seoul <p> record label <o> Shofar Music <s> Seoul <p> part of <o> Bolbbalgan4 EPs discography <s> Seoul <p> different from <o> Seoul <s> Seoul <p> country of origin <o> South Korea <s> Seoul <p> instance of <o> film <s> Seoul <p> original language of film or TV show <o> Korean <s> Seoul <p> genre <o> romance film <s> Seoul <p> genre <o> drama film <s> Seoul Capital Area <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Seoul Capital Area <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> South Korea <s> Seoul Capital Area <p> named after <o> Seoul <s> Seoul Capital Area <p> has part(s) <o> Incheon <s> Seoul Capital Area <p> has part(s) <o> Seoul <s> Seoul Capital Area <p> has part(s) <o> Gyeonggi <s> Seoul Capital Area <p> instance of <o> capital region <s> Seoul Capital Area <p> instance of <o> geographic location <s> Seoul Capital Area <p> instance of <o> metropolitan area <s> Seoul Capital Area <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Seoul Capital Area <s> Jamsil Station <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Jamsil Station <p> owned by <o> Seoul <s> Jamsil Station <p> transport network <o> Seoul Metropolitan Subway <s> Jamsil Station <p> adjacent station <o> Jamsilsaenae Station <s> Jamsil Station <p> adjacent station <o> Seokchon Station <s> Jamsil Station <p> adjacent station <o> Mongchontoseong Station <s> Jamsil Station <p> connecting line <o> Seoul Subway Line 2 <s> Jamsil Station <p> connecting line <o> Seoul Subway Line 8 <s> Jamsil Station <p> instance of <o> underground station <s> Jamsil Station <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Songpa District <s> Jamsil Station <p> connecting service <o> Seoul Subway Line 8 <s> Jamsil Station <p> connecting service <o> Seoul Subway Line 2 <s> Jamsil Station <p> state of use <o> in use <s> Jamsil Station <p> adjacent station <o> Jamsillaru Station <s> Jamsil Station <p> instance of <o> metro station <s> Jamsil Station <p> located in time zone <o> Korea Standard Time <s> Jamsil Station <p> operator <o> Seoul Metro <s> Yangjae Station <p> owned by <o> Seoul <s> Yangjae Station <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Yangjae Station <p> adjacent station <o> Gangnam Station <s> Yangjae Station <p> transport network <o> Seoul Metropolitan Subway <s> Yangjae Station <p> connecting line <o> Seoul Metro Line 3 <s> Yangjae Station <p> connecting line <o> Shinbundang Line <s> Yangjae Station <p> connecting service <o> Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 3 <s> Yangjae Station <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seocho District <s> Yangjae Station <p> adjacent station <o> Nambu Bus Terminal Station <s> Yangjae Station <p> owned by <o> Government of South Korea <s> Yangjae Station <p> instance of <o> metro station <s> Yangjae Station <p> instance of <o> underground station <s> Yangjae Station <p> adjacent station <o> Yangjae Citizen's Forest Station <s> Yangjae Station <p> adjacent station <o> Maebong Station <s> Yangjae Station <p> operator <o> Shinbundang Railroad Company <s> Yangjae Station <p> operator <o> Seoul Metro <s> Yangjae Station <p> operator <o> Neo Trans <s> Yangjae Station <p> state of use <o> in use </Graph>

<Text> :The history of Seoul can be traced back as far as 18 BC, although humans have occupied the area now known as Seoul since the Paleolithic Age. It has been the capital of numerous kingdoms on the Korean Peninsula since it was established. It is believed that humans were living in the area that is now Seoul along the lower reaches of the Han River during the Paleolithic Age and archaeological research shows that people began to lead settled lives starting in the Neolithic Age. Prehistoric remains that are unearthed in the Amsa-dong Prehistoric Settlement Site , located in Gangdong District, date back to about 3,000 to 7,000 years ago. With the introduction of bronze ware from about 700 BC, settlements gradually began to spread from the river basin toward inland areas. In 18 BC, the kingdom of Baekje founded its capital city, Wiryeseong, which is believed to be inside modern-day Seoul. Baekje subsequently developed from a member state of the Mahan confederacy into one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. There are several city wall remains in the Seoul area dating from this time. Among them, Pungnap Toseong, an earthen wall in the southeastern part of modern-day Seoul , is widely believed to be the main Wiryeseong site. Yet another earthen wall, Mongchon Toseong, located nearby, is also dated from the early Baekje era. In 554, Baekje and Gaya attempted to retake the region, but the Silla army led by Sin Province Lord Kim Mu-ryeok defeated the combined force and killed the Seong of Baekje. Forsythia /fo:r'sIthi@/, /fo:r'saIthi@/ is a genus of flowering plants in the olive family Oleaceae. There are about 11 species, mostly native to eastern Asia, but one native to southeastern Europe. Forsythia - also one of the plant's common names - is named after William Forsyth. Forsythia are deciduous shrubs typically growing to a height of 1-3 m and, rarely, up to 6 m with rough grey-brown bark. The leaves are borne oppositely and are usually simple, though sometimes trifoliate with a basal pair of small leaflets; they range between 2 and 10 cm in length and, rarely, up to 15 cm , with a margin that is serrated or entire . Twigs may be hollow or chambered, depending on the species. The flowers are produced in the early spring before the leaves, bright yellow with a deeply four-lobed flower, the petals joined only at the base. These become pendent in rainy weather thus shielding the reproductive parts. The fruit is a dry capsule, containing several winged seeds. There is a long-standing belief that forsythia flowers produce lactose, but lactose occurs only very rarely in natural sources other than milk, and attempts to find lactose in forsythia have been unsuccessful. The 1988 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad and commonly known as Seoul 1988 , was an international multi-sport event held from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul, South Korea. 159 nations were represented at the games by a total of 8,391 athletes . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics. The 1988 Seoul Olympics were the second summer Olympic Games held in Asia, after Tokyo 1964, and the first held in South Korea. As the host country, South Korea ranked fourth overall, winning 12 gold medals and 33 medals in the competition. 11,331 media showed the Games all over the world. These were the last Olympic Games of the Cold War, as well as for the Soviet Union and East Germany, as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games in 1992. The Soviet Union dominated the medal count, winning 55 gold and 132 total medals. The results that got closest to that medal haul in the years since are China's 48 gold medals in 2008 and the USA's 121 total medals in 2016. Compared to the 1980 Summer Olympics and the 1984 Summer Olympics , which were divided into two camps by ideology, the 1988 Seoul Olympics was a competition in which the boycotts virtually disappeared, although they were not completely over. North Korea boycotted the 1988 Seoul Olympics, as did five socialist countries including Cuba, an ally of North Korea. Albania, Ethiopia, and Seychelles did not respond to the invitation sent by the IOC. Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations, while the expected participation of Madagascar was withdrawn for financial reasons. Nonetheless, the much larger boycotts seen in the three previous editions were avoided, resulting in the largest number of participating nations during the Cold War era, and thus regarded as the Olympics that laid the groundwork for the end of the Cold War. For South Korea, the 1988 Olympics was a symbolic event that elevated its international image while also contributing to national pride. Only thirty-five years after the Korean War which devastated the nation, and during a decade of social unrest in South Korea, the Olympics was successfully held and became the culmination of what was deemed the "Miracle on the Han River". Seoul , officially Seoul Special City, serves as the capital of South Korea, and is its most extensive urban center. The broader Seoul Capital Area, encompassing Gyeonggi province and Incheon metropolitan city, emerged as the world's fourth largest metropolitan economy in 2014, trailing only Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles, hosting more than half of South Korea's population. Although Seoul's population peaked at slightly over 10 million, it has gradually decreased since 2014, standing at approximately 9.97 million residents as of 2020. Seoul is the seat of the South Korean government. Seoul's history traces back to 18 BC when it was founded by the people of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. During the Joseon dynasty, Seoul was officially designated as the capital, surrounded by the Fortress Wall of Seoul. In the early 20th century, Seoul was occupied by the Japanese Empire, temporarily renamed "Gyeongseong." The Korean War brought fierce battles, with Seoul changing hands four times and leaving the city mostly in ruins. Nevertheless, the city has since undergone significant reconstruction and rapid urbanization. Seoul was rated Asia's most livable city, with the second-highest quality of life globally according to Arcadis in 2015 and a GDP per capita of approximately $40,000. 15 Fortune Global 500 companies, including industry giants such as Samsung, LG, and Hyundai, are headquartered in the Seoul Capital Area, which has major technology hubs, such as Gangnam and Digital Media City. Seoul is ranked seventh in the Global Power City Index and the Global Financial Centres Index, and is one of the five leading hosts of global conferences. The city has also hosted major events such as the 1986 Asian Games, the 1988 Summer Olympics, and the 2010 G20 Seoul summit. Seoul is geographically set in a mountainous and hilly terrain, with Bukhan Mountain positioned on its northern edge. Within the Seoul Capital Area lie five UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeok Palace, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine, Namhansanseong, and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon dynasty. Furthermore, Seoul has witnessed a surge in modern architectural development, with iconic landmarks including the N Seoul Tower, the 63 Building, the Lotte World Tower, the Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Lotte World, the Trade Tower, COEX, IFC Seoul, and Parc1. Seoul was named the World Design Capital in 2010 and has served as the national hub for the music, entertainment, and cultural industries that have propelled K-pop and the Korean Wave to international prominence. Now treated as separate species: Orange: Maghreb magpie Dark grey: Asir magpie Light red: Black-rumped magpie Dark red: Oriental magpie The Eurasian magpie or common magpie is a resident breeding bird throughout the northern part of the Eurasian continent. It is one of several birds in the crow family designated magpies, and belongs to the Holarctic radiation of "monochrome" magpies. In Europe, "magpie" is used by English speakers as a synonym for the Eurasian magpie: the only other magpie in Europe is the Iberian magpie , which is limited to the Iberian Peninsula. Despite having a shared name and similar colouration, it is not closely related to the Australian Magpie. The Eurasian magpie is one of the most intelligent birds, and it is believed to be one of the most intelligent of all non-human animals. The expansion of its nidopallium is approximately the same in its relative size as the brain of chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and humans. It is the only bird known to pass the mirror test, along with very few other non-avian species. The magpie was described and illustrated by Swiss naturalist Conrad Gessner in his Historiae animalium of 1555. In 1758, Linnaeus included the species in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Corvus pica. The magpie was moved to a separate genus Pica by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. Pica is the Classical Latin word for this magpie. Seoul , officially Seoul Special City, serves as the capital of South Korea, and is its most extensive urban center. The broader Seoul Capital Area, encompassing Gyeonggi province and Incheon metropolitan city, emerged as the world's fourth largest metropolitan economy in 2014, trailing only Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles, hosting more than half of South Korea's population. Although Seoul's population peaked at slightly over 10 million, it has gradually decreased since 2014, standing at approximately 9.97 million residents as of 2020. Seoul is the seat of the South Korean government. Seoul's history traces back to 18 BC when it was founded by the people of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. During the Joseon dynasty, Seoul was officially designated as the capital, surrounded by the Fortress Wall of Seoul. In the early 20th century, Seoul was occupied by the Japanese Empire, temporarily renamed "Gyeongseong." The Korean War brought fierce battles, with Seoul changing hands four times and leaving the city mostly in ruins. Nevertheless, the city has since undergone significant reconstruction and rapid urbanization. Seoul was rated Asia's most livable city, with the second-highest quality of life globally according to Arcadis in 2015 and a GDP per capita of approximately $40,000. 15 Fortune Global 500 companies, including industry giants such as Samsung, LG, and Hyundai, are headquartered in the Seoul Capital Area, which has major technology hubs, such as Gangnam and Digital Media City. Seoul is ranked seventh in the Global Power City Index and the Global Financial Centres Index, and is one of the five leading hosts of global conferences. The city has also hosted major events such as the 1986 Asian Games, the 1988 Summer Olympics, and the 2010 G20 Seoul summit. Seoul is geographically set in a mountainous and hilly terrain, with Bukhan Mountain positioned on its northern edge. Within the Seoul Capital Area lie five UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeok Palace, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine, Namhansanseong, and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon dynasty. Furthermore, Seoul has witnessed a surge in modern architectural development, with iconic landmarks including the N Seoul Tower, the 63 Building, the Lotte World Tower, the Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Lotte World, the Trade Tower, COEX, IFC Seoul, and Parc1. Seoul was named the World Design Capital in 2010 and has served as the national hub for the music, entertainment, and cultural industries that have propelled K-pop and the Korean Wave to international prominence. Seoul , officially Seoul Special City, serves as the capital of South Korea, and is its most extensive urban center. The broader Seoul Capital Area, encompassing Gyeonggi province and Incheon metropolitan city, emerged as the world's fourth largest metropolitan economy in 2014, trailing only Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles, hosting more than half of South Korea's population. Although Seoul's population peaked at slightly over 10 million, it has gradually decreased since 2014, standing at approximately 9.97 million residents as of 2020. Seoul is the seat of the South Korean government. Seoul's history traces back to 18 BC when it was founded by the people of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. During the Joseon dynasty, Seoul was officially designated as the capital, surrounded by the Fortress Wall of Seoul. In the early 20th century, Seoul was occupied by the Japanese Empire, temporarily renamed "Gyeongseong." The Korean War brought fierce battles, with Seoul changing hands four times and leaving the city mostly in ruins. Nevertheless, the city has since undergone significant reconstruction and rapid urbanization. Seoul was rated Asia's most livable city, with the second-highest quality of life globally according to Arcadis in 2015 and a GDP per capita of approximately $40,000. 15 Fortune Global 500 companies, including industry giants such as Samsung, LG, and Hyundai, are headquartered in the Seoul Capital Area, which has major technology hubs, such as Gangnam and Digital Media City. Seoul is ranked seventh in the Global Power City Index and the Global Financial Centres Index, and is one of the five leading hosts of global conferences. The city has also hosted major events such as the 1986 Asian Games, the 1988 Summer Olympics, and the 2010 G20 Seoul summit. Seoul is geographically set in a mountainous and hilly terrain, with Bukhan Mountain positioned on its northern edge. Within the Seoul Capital Area lie five UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeok Palace, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine, Namhansanseong, and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon dynasty. Furthermore, Seoul has witnessed a surge in modern architectural development, with iconic landmarks including the N Seoul Tower, the 63 Building, the Lotte World Tower, the Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Lotte World, the Trade Tower, COEX, IFC Seoul, and Parc1. Seoul was named the World Design Capital in 2010 and has served as the national hub for the music, entertainment, and cultural industries that have propelled K-pop and the Korean Wave to international prominence. The Seoul Capital Area or Gyeonggi region , is the metropolitan area of Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi Province, located in north-west South Korea. Its population of 26 million is ranked as the fourth largest metropolitan area in the world. Its area is about 12,685 km2 . It forms the cultural, commercial, financial, industrial, and residential center of South Korea. The largest city is Seoul, with a population of approximately 10 million people, followed by Incheon, with 3 million inhabitants. Covering only about 12% of the country's area, the Seoul Capital Area is home to more than 48.2% of the national population, and is the world's ninth largest urban area. This percentage has risen steadily since the mid-20th century, and the trend is expected to continue. Currently more than half of the people who move from one region to another are moving to the capital area. In 2020, it was reported that the Seoul Capital Area's population had exceeded 50% of the country's total population, with 25,925,799 people living in the area . In 2020, Seoul Capital Area's Gross Regional Product was around US$900 billion, generating around half of the country's total GDP. It is the fourth largest urban economy in the world after Tokyo, New York and Los Angeles but ahead of Paris and London. The region hosts headquarters of 59 Forbes Global 2000 companies. As the economy of Seoul Capital Area transformed to knowledge economy from the manufacturing-based economy of the 20th century, there are a number of high-tech business parks in Seoul Capital Area, such as Digital Media City and Pangyo Techno Valley. The Seoul Capital Area is home to the most affluent and livable cities and apartments in Korea but there are significant discrepancies between cities and districts, particularly between those built in the older and newer generations. Newer areas with more modern and luxurious apartments and infrastructure are more expensive, along with proximity to Gangnam District, the commercial center of the region. Jamsil Station is an underground station on Line 2 and Line 8 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. Lotte World is continuous with the Line 2 station. The station is also called Songpa-gu Office Station , due to the proximity of the office building . A survey conducted in 2011 by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport on 92 Administrative divisions across the country reported that Jamsil Station is the second-busiest public transit stop after Gangnam Station. It is followed by Sadang Station, Seolleung Station and Sillim Station. In December 2010 the station had the fourth-highest rate of WiFi data consumption of all the Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations, following Express Bus Terminal Station, Sadang Station, Dongdaemun Station and followed by Jongno 3-ga Station. Yangjae Station is a station on the Seoul Subway Line 3 and Shinbundang Line. It was the southern terminus of Line 3 until October 30, 1993, when the line was extended to Suseo station, and it became a transfer station with the Shinbundang Line on October 28, 2011. It is located in Yangjae-dong, Seocho and Gangnam District, Seoul. Yangjae Citizens' Forest is located near Yangjae Tollgate on the Gyeongbu Expressway, the entrance to Seoul City. Built for the 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Seoul Olympics, the land was prepared on July 1983 as part of Gaepo-dong Land Arrangement Plan. The construction of the Forest continued for about three years and completed on November 1986. The total area is 358,992 sq. meters. The park's major facilities include landscaped facilities, such as Grass Field, Octagonal Pavilion, and Pagora . The Forest also has sports facilities, such as tennis and basketball courts. Other major structures in the Forest include the Memorial Hall for Patriot Yun Bonggil, a parking lot, children's playground, and an outdoor wedding hall. Yangjaecheon is a 5.5 km long body of water that stretches from Gwanak-san through the southern area of Gangnam-gu. There are two swimming areas for kids, a number of stepping stone bridges to cross, and two sites for an ecosystem watch. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Andrea Solari <p> instance of <o> human <s> Andrea Solari <p> country of citizenship <o> Switzerland <s> Andrea Solari <p> place of birth <o> Milan <s> Andrea Solari <p> student of <o> Leonardo da Vinci <s> Andrea Solari <p> place of death <o> Milan <s> Andrea Solari <p> movement <o> Renaissance <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Musée des Beaux-Arts de Pau <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Nantes Museum of Arts <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Yale University Art Gallery <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Museum of Fine Arts Boston <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Kunsthistorisches Museum <s> Andrea Solari <p> country of citizenship <o> Duchy of Milan <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Pinacoteca di Brera <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Städel Museum <s> Andrea Solari <p> field of work <o> art of painting <s> Andrea Solari <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Museum of the Order of St John <s> Andrea Solari <p> copyright status as a creator <o> copyrights on works have expired <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Metropolitan Museum of Art <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Museo del Prado <s> Andrea Solari <p> artist files at <o> Frick Art Reference Library <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> National Gallery <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Ashmolean Museum <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> National Gallery of Art <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Walters Art Museum <s> Andrea Solari <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Führermuseum <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Philadelphia Museum of Art <s> Andrea Solari <p> occupation <o> painter <s> Andrea Solari <p> described by source <o> Web Gallery of Art <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Bowes Museum <s> Andrea Solari <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> WikiProject PCC Wikidata Pilot/Frick Art Reference Library <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Fitzwilliam Museum <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> National Gallery of Victoria <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Indianapolis Museum of Art <s> Andrea Solari <p> has works in the collection <o> Detroit Institute of Arts <s> Andrea Solari <p> relative <o> Georges d'Amboise <s> Andrea Solari <p> sibling <o> Pietro Antonio Solari <s> Andrea Solari <p> family name <o> Solari <s> Andrea Solari <p> notable work <o> The Head of Saint John the Baptist on a Charger <s> Andrea Solari <p> notable work <o> Christ Carrying the Cross <s> Andrea Solari <p> notable work <o> Crucifixion <s> Andrea Solari <p> work location <o> Château de Gaillon <s> Andrea Solari <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Andrea Solari <p> sibling <o> Cristoforo Solari <s> Andrea Solari <p> given name <o> Andrea <s> writer <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> WikiProject PCC Wikidata Pilot/University of Washington <s> writer <p> category for eponymous categories <o> Category:Wikipedia categories named after writers <s> writer <p> instance of <o> profession <s> writer <p> Wikidata property <o> author name string <s> writer <p> Wikidata property <o> author <s> writer <p> subclass of <o> author <s> writer <p> subclass of <o> artist <s> writer <p> different from <o> author <s> writer <p> instance of <o> occupation <s> writer <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Writer-stub <s> writer <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Infobox writer <s> writer <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Writers <s> writer <p> subclass of <o> penman <s> writer <p> field of this occupation <o> writing <s> writer <p> field of this occupation <o> book signing <s> writer <p> partially coincident with <o> homme de lettres <s> writer <p> said to be the same as <o> Scribe <s> writer <p> has list <o> lists of writers <s> Leonardo da Vinci: Origins of a Genius <p> main subject <o> Leonardo da Vinci <s> Leonardo da Vinci: Origins of a Genius <p> instance of <o> monograph <s> Leonardo da Vinci: Origins of a Genius <p> place of publication <o> New Haven <s> Leonardo da Vinci: Origins of a Genius <p> publisher <o> Yale University Press <s> Leonardo da Vinci: Origins of a Genius <p> author <o> David Alan Brown <s> Leonardo <p> main subject <o> Leonardo da Vinci <s> Leonardo <p> instance of <o> monograph <s> Leonardo <p> publisher <o> C.H. Beck <s> Leonardo <p> author <o> Martin Kemp <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> instance of <o> human <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> French <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Latin <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> place of birth <o> Vigevano <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> relative <o> Bianca Maria Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> family <o> House of Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> noble title <o> duke <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> occupation <o> politician <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> occupation <o> duke <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> unmarried partner <o> Lucrezia Crivelli <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> given name <o> Lluís <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> unmarried partner <o> Cecilia Gallerani <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> given name <o> Ludovico <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> significant event <o> Italian War of 1494–1495 <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> significant event <o> Italian Wars <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> significant event <o> Italian War of 1499–1504 <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> place of death <o> Loches <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> sibling <o> Ippolita Maria Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> relative <o> Gian Galeazzo Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> sibling <o> Ascanio Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> child <o> Francesco II Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> child <o> Maximilian Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> spouse <o> Beatrice d’Este <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> mother <o> Bianca Maria Visconti <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Milanese <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> child <o> Bianca Giovanna Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> occupation <o> patron of the arts <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> child <o> Giovanni Paolo I Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> family name <o> Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> unmarried partner <o> Bernardina de Corradis <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Medieval Italian <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> noble title <o> count <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> father <o> Francesco I Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> sibling <o> Galeazzo Maria Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> occupation <o> statesperson <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> unmarried partner <o> Ippolita Fioramonte <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> position held <o> duke of Milan <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ludovico Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> child <o> Leone Sforza <s> Ludovico Sforza <p> child <o> Galeazzo Sforza Visconti <s> Annunciation <p> characters <o> Virgin Mary <s> Annunciation <p> participant <o> Virgin Mary <s> Annunciation <p> different from <o> Annunciation <s> Annunciation <p> feast day <o> March 25 <s> Annunciation <p> day in year for periodic occurrence <o> March 25 <s> Annunciation <p> described by source <o> Metropolitan Museum of Art Tagging Vocabulary <s> Annunciation <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Annunciation <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Annunciation <p> religion or worldview <o> Christianity <s> Annunciation <p> different from <o> annunciation <s> Annunciation <p> depicted by <o> Annunciation <s> Annunciation <p> depicted by <o> Annunciation <s> Annunciation <p> depicted by <o> Annunciation <s> Annunciation <p> depicted by <o> Annunciation <s> Annunciation <p> characters <o> Gabriel <s> Annunciation <p> participant <o> Gabriel <s> Annunciation <p> depicted by <o> Annunciation <s> Annunciation <p> depicted by <o> Annunciation <s> Annunciation <p> described by source <o> Catechism of the Catholic Church <s> Annunciation <p> instance of <o> Bible story <s> Annunciation <p> instance of <o> religious and cultural festive day <s> Annunciation <p> instance of <o> artistic theme <s> Annunciation <p> part of <o> Joyful Mysteries <s> Annunciation <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Annunciation <p> part of <o> Life of the Virgin <s> Annunciation <p> part of <o> Great Feasts of the Orthodox Church <s> Annunciation <p> described by source <o> Bible Encyclopedia of Archimandrite Nicephorus <s> Annunciation <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Annunciation <p> depicted by <o> The Annunciation <s> Annunciation <p> depicted by <o> The Annunciation <s> Annunciation <p> day in year for periodic occurrence <o> Paremhat 29 <s> Annunciation <p> depicted by <o> Annunciation with St. Margaret and St. Ansanus <s> Annunciation <p> part of <o> Luke 1 <s> Annunciation <p> day in year for periodic occurrence <o> March 25 <s> Annunciation <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Annunciation <p> described by source <o> Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia <s> Annunciation <p> feast day <o> Feast of the Annunciation <s> Annunciation <p> depicted by <o> The Annunciation <s> Annunciation <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Annunciation <s> National Gallery <p> country <o> United Kingdom <s> National Gallery <p> location <o> Trafalgar Square <s> National Gallery <p> located on street <o> Trafalgar Square <s> National Gallery <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> City of Westminster <s> National Gallery <p> historic county <o> Middlesex <s> National Gallery <p> has works in the collection <o> Tate <s> National Gallery <p> instance of <o> art museum <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> Arnolfini Portrait <s> National Gallery <p> instance of <o> national museum <s> National Gallery <p> founded by <o> Sir George Beaumont, 7th Baronet <s> National Gallery <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> National Gallery <p> activity policy in this place <o> no selfie sticks <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> The Adoration of the Golden Calf <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> Tobias and the Angel <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> Portrait of Doña Isabel de Porcel <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> The Death of Actaeon <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> The Virgin and Child before a Firescreen <s> National Gallery <p> topic's main category <o> Category:National Gallery, London <s> National Gallery <p> category for the exterior of the item <o> Category:Exterior of the National Gallery, London <s> National Gallery <p> category for the interior of the item <o> Category:Interior of the National Gallery, London <s> National Gallery <p> has facility <o> accessible toilet <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> The Magdalen in a Landscape <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> Mary Magdalene <s> National Gallery <p> heritage designation <o> Grade I listed building <s> National Gallery <p> director / manager <o> Gabriele Finaldi <s> National Gallery <p> architect <o> William Wilkins <s> National Gallery <p> architectural style <o> Georgian architecture <s> National Gallery <p> part of <o> Board of Trustees of the National Gallery <s> National Gallery <p> archives at <o> National Gallery Research Centre <s> National Gallery <p> has part(s) <o> Northern Italian Portraiture 1510–1580 - Room 12 <s> National Gallery <p> has part(s) <o> Paintings by Rembrandt - room 22 <s> National Gallery <p> has part(s) <o> Sandro Botticelli - room 58 <s> National Gallery <p> has part(s) <o> Constable, Turner and Stubbs – Room 34 <s> National Gallery <p> has part(s) <o> Canaletto and Guardi - Room 38 <s> National Gallery <p> has part(s) <o> Room 4: German Paintings <s> National Gallery <p> has part(s) <o> Room 11: Veronese's 'Four Allegories of Love' <s> National Gallery <p> has part(s) <o> Venice and the Marche 1440–1500 - room 57 <s> National Gallery <p> has part(s) <o> National Gallery Research Centre <s> National Gallery <p> has part(s) <o> Room 9: Venice 1530–1600 <s> National Gallery <p> has part(s) <o> Room 55: Venice and the Veneto, 1460–1510 <s> National Gallery <p> has facility <o> Changing Places toilet <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> Young Girl at a Cradle <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> Christ Blessing the Children <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> The Idle Servant <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> The Tower of Babel <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> The Dream of Human Life <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> Young woman grating carrots, with a child watching <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> Portrait of an 11-year-old Boy <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> Little Girl with a Basket of Cherries <s> National Gallery <p> owner of <o> Diptych: (left panel) Saint Clement and a Donor <s> National Gallery <p> uses <o> eMuseum <s> National Gallery <p> uses <o> The Museum System <s> Städel Museum <p> country <o> Germany <s> Städel Museum <p> owner of <o> View of the Two Synagogues of Amsterdam <s> Städel Museum <p> owner of <o> Paradiesgärtlein <s> Städel Museum <p> owner of <o> Portrait of a Young Fürleger with Loose Hair <s> Städel Museum <p> owner of <o> The Bad Thief to the Left of Christ <s> Städel Museum <p> owner of <o> Susanna de Vos <s> Städel Museum <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Frankfurt <s> Städel Museum <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Städel Museum <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Städel Museum <p> headquarters location <o> Frankfurt <s> Städel Museum <p> founded by <o> Johann Friedrich Städel <s> Städel Museum <p> instance of <o> art museum <s> Städel Museum <p> Wikidata property <o> Städel Museum artist ID <s> Städel Museum <p> founded by <o> Moritz von Gontard <s> Städel Museum <p> member of <o> Kalliope <s> Städel Museum <p> architect <o> Oskar Sommer <s> Städel Museum <p> director / manager <o> Philipp Demandt <s> Städel Museum <p> has part(s) <o> Städel Museum, Graphische Sammlung, Bibliothek <s> Städel Museum <p> described by source <o> Survey of GLAM open access policy and practice <s> Städel Museum <p> award received <o> Museum of the year <s> Städel Museum <p> has part(s) <o> Sculpture park of the Städel Museum <s> Städel Museum <p> has part(s) <o> Städel Museum, Bibliothek <s> Städel Museum <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Städel <s> Städel Museum <p> heritage designation <o> cultural heritage monument in Germany <s> Leonardo <p> described by source <o> Wiktionary <s> Leonardo <p> language of work or name <o> Italian <s> Leonardo <p> language of work or name <o> Spanish <s> Leonardo <p> language of work or name <o> Portuguese <s> Leonardo <p> different from <o> Leonardo <s> Leonardo <p> instance of <o> male given name <s> Leonardo <p> said to be the same as <o> Leonard <s> Leonardo <p> said to be the same as <o> Leonardas <s> Leonardo <p> writing system <o> Latin script <s> Leonardo <p> said to be the same as <o> Leonhard <s> Leonardo <p> said to be the same as <o> Lénárd <s> Leonardo <p> given name version for other gender <o> Leonarda <s> Leonardo <p> said to be the same as <o> Léonard <s> Leonardo <p> family name identical to this given name <o> Leonardo <s> Leonardo <p> said to be the same as <o> Lennart <s> Leonardo <p> said to be the same as <o> Lleonard <s> Leonardo <p> said to be the same as <o> Leonardus <s> person depicted in Mona Lisa <p> instance of <o> human <s> person depicted in Mona Lisa <p> depicted by <o> Mona Lisa <s> person depicted in Mona Lisa <p> said to be the same as <o> Lisa del Giocondo <s> person depicted in Mona Lisa <p> sex or gender <o> female <s> person depicted in Mona Lisa <p> hair color <o> brown hair <s> person depicted in Mona Lisa <p> eye color <o> brown </Graph>

<Text> :Andrea Solari was an Italian Renaissance painter of the Milanese school. He was initially named Andre del Gobbo, but more confusingly as Andrea del Bartolo a name shared with two other Italian painters, the 14th-century Siennese Andrea di Bartolo, and the 15th-century Florentine Andrea di Bartolo. His paintings can be seen in Venice, Milan, The Louvre and the Chateau de Gaillon . One of his better-known paintings is the Madonna with the Green Cushion in the Louvre. Solario was born in Milan. He was one of the most important followers of Leonardo da Vinci, and brother of Cristoforo Solari, who gave him his first training whilst employed extensively on work at the Milan cathedral, and at the Certosa di Pavia. In 1490 he accompanied his brother to Venice, where he seems to have been strongly influenced by Antonello da Messina, who was then active in the city. The fine portrait of a Venetian Senator displayed Antonello's plastic conception of form and was probably painted about 1492. The two brothers returned to Milan in 1493. The Ecce Homo at the Poldi-Pezzoli Museum, notable for its strong modelling, may have been painted soon after his arrival. Solari's earliest dated work is a Holy Family and St. Jerome with a fine landscape background, executed at Murano in 1495 and now in the Brera Gallery. The original work influenced Correggio's painting, The Holy Family with Saint Jerome in 1515. The Leonardesque type of the Madonna proves that Andrea after his return from Venice, became strongly influenced by the great Florentine artist, who was then carrying everything before him. To this period of Andrea belong a small Crucifixion and the portrait of Charles d'Amboise ; the portrait of Giovanni Longoni ; the Annunciation ; and the Madonna with the Green Cushion , for which a sensitive drawing of the Virgin's head is in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana at Milan; and the Head of the Baptist in a silver charger . A writer is a person who uses written words in different writing styles, genres and techniques to communicate ideas, to inspire feelings and emotions, or to entertain. Writers may develop different forms of writing such as novels, short stories, monographs, travelogues, plays, screenplays, teleplays, songs, and essays as well as reports, educational material, and news articles that may be of interest to the general public. Writers' works are nowadays published across a wide range of media. Skilled writers who are able to use language to express ideas well, often contribute significantly to the cultural content of a society. The term "writer" is also used elsewhere in the arts and music, such as songwriter or a screenwriter, but also a stand-alone "writer" typically refers to the creation of written language. Some writers work from an oral tradition. Writers can produce material across a number of genres, fictional or non-fictional. Other writers use multiple media such as graphics or illustration to enhance the communication of their ideas. Another recent demand has been created by civil and government readers for the work of non-fictional technical writers, whose skills create understandable, interpretive documents of a practical or scientific kind. Some writers may use images or multimedia to augment their writing. In rare instances, creative writers are able to communicate their ideas via music as well as words. As well as producing their own written works, writers often write about how they write ; why they write ; and also comment on the work of other writers . Writers work professionally or non-professionally, that is, for payment or without payment and may be paid either in advance, or on acceptance, or only after their work is published. Payment is only one of the motivations of writers and many are not paid for their work. Ludovico Maria Sforza , also known as Ludovico il Moro , and called the "arbiter of Italy" by historian Francesco Guicciardini, was an Italian nobleman who ruled as the Duke of Milan from 1494 to 1499. Although he was the fourth son and excluded from his family's succession, Ludovico was ambitious and managed to obtain dominion over Milan. He first assumed the regency from his sister-in-law Bona, then took over from his deceased nephew Gian Galeazzo, whom some say he poisoned. Considered enlightened, generous, and peaceful, he became a patron of artists and writers. His court in Milan became one of the most important in Europe during the Italian Renaissance. Somewhat contrarily, Ludovico was also considered fearful and of a fickle nature. To face the threats of King Alfonso II of Naples, Ludovico called the French to Italy; when threatened by the French, he could not face the danger, and was saved only thanks to the intervention of his wife, Beatrice. When she died, he went into a depression and the state of his court fell from jubilance to despair. He finally succumbed to King of France Louis XII, who imprisoned him in France where he died. Ludovico Sforza was born on 27 July 1452 at Vigevano, in what is now Lombardy. His position as the fourth son of Francesco I Sforza and Bianca Maria Visconti meant that he was not expected to become ruler of Milan, but his mother still encouraged a broad education. The Annunciation is, according to the Gospel of Luke, the announcement by the archangel Gabriel to Mary that she would conceive and bear a son through a virgin birth and become the mother of Jesus Christ, the Christian Messiah and Son of God, marking the Incarnation. Gabriel told Mary to name her son Jesus. According to Luke 1:26, the Annunciation occurred "in the sixth month" of Elizabeth's pregnancy with John the Baptist. Many Christians observe this event with the Feast of the Annunciation on 25 March, an approximation of the northern vernal equinox nine full months before Christmas, the ceremonial birthday of Jesus. The Annunciation is a key topic in Christian art in general, as well as in Marian art in the Catholic Church, having been especially prominent during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. A work of art depicting the Annunciation is sometimes itself called an Annunciation. And the angel answering, said to her: The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the most High shall overshadow thee. And therefore also the Holy which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God. And behold thy cousin Elizabeth, she also hath conceived a son in her old age; and this is the sixth month with her that is called barren: Because no word shall be impossible with God. The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, in Trafalgar Square since 1838, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current Director of the National Gallery is Gabriele Finaldi. The National Gallery is an exempt charity, and a non-departmental public body of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Its collection belongs to the government on behalf of the British public, and entry to the main collection is free of charge. Unlike comparable museums in continental Europe, the National Gallery was not formed by nationalising an existing royal or princely art collection. It came into being when the British government bought 38 paintings from the heirs of John Julius Angerstein in 1824. After that initial purchase, the Gallery was shaped mainly by its early directors, especially Charles Lock Eastlake, and by private donations, which now account for two-thirds of the collection. The collection is smaller than many European national galleries, but encyclopaedic in scope; most major developments in Western painting "from Giotto to Cezanne" are represented with important works. It used to be claimed that this was one of the few national galleries that had all its works on permanent exhibition, but this is no longer the case. The present building, the third site to house the National Gallery, was designed by William Wilkins. Building took from 1832 to 1838, when it opened. Only the facade onto Trafalgar Square remains essentially unchanged from this time, as the building has been expanded piecemeal throughout its history. Wilkins's building was often criticised for the perceived weaknesses of its design and for its lack of space; the latter problem led to the establishment of the Tate Gallery for British art in 1897. The Sainsbury Wing, a 1991 extension to the west by Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown, is a significant example of Postmodernist architecture in Britain. The Stadel, officially the Stadelsches Kunstinstitut und Stadtische Galerie, is an art museum in Frankfurt, with one of the most important collections in Germany. The Stadel Museum owns 3,100 paintings, 660 sculptures, more than 4,600 photographs and more than 100,000 drawings and prints. It has around 7,000 m2 of display and a library of 115,000 books. In 2012, the Stadel was honoured as Museum of the Year by the German art critics association AICA. In the same year the museum recorded the highest attendance figures in its history, of 447,395 visitors. In 2020 the museum had 318,732 visitors, down 45 percent from 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It ranked 71st on the list of most-visited art museums in 2020. The Stadel was founded in 1817, and is one of the oldest museums in Frankfurt's Museumsufer, or museum embankment. The founding followed a bequest by the Frankfurt banker and art patron Johann Friedrich Stadel , who left his house, art collection and fortune with the request in his will that the institute be set up. In the early years, Stadel's former living quarters at Frankfurt's Rossmarkt were used to present his collection. The collection received its first exhibition building at the Neue Mainzer Strasse in 1833. In 1939, the collection of the Stadel Museum was removed to avoid destruction from the Allied bombings, and the collection was stored in the Schloss Rossbach, a castle owned by the Baron Thungen near Bad Bruckenau in Bavaria. There, the museum's paintings and library were discovered by Lt. Thomas Carr Howe, USN, of the American Monuments, Fine Arts and Archives program. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:Burials in Milan by place <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Burials in Milan by place <p> category combines topics <o> Milan <s> Category:Burials in Milan by place <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Burials in Milan by place <p> category combines topics <o> location of burial <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Washington, D.C. <s> Dakar <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Atlantic Ocean <s> Dakar <p> official language <o> French <s> Dakar <p> capital of <o> Senegal <s> Dakar <p> different from <o> Dhaka <s> Dakar <p> capital of <o> Dakar <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Dakar <p> located in time zone <o> UTC±00:00 <s> Dakar <p> country <o> Senegal <s> Dakar <p> capital of <o> French West Africa <s> Dakar <p> capital of <o> Mali Federation <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Taipei <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Niamey <s> Dakar <p> different from <o> Dakar Department <s> Dakar <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Cap-Vert <s> Dakar <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Dakar <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bissau <s> Dakar <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bamako <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kinshasa <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brazzaville <s> Dakar <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dijon <s> Dakar <p> part of <o> Cap Vert-Thies <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Baku <s> Dakar <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Dakar <s> Dakar <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Dakar <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Marseille <s> Dakar <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Dakar <s> Dakar <p> official language <o> Wolof <s> Dakar <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Dakar <s> Dakar <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Dakar <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sfax <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Isfahan <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rosario <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oran <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Douala <s> Dakar <p> head of government <o> Barthélémy Dias <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> East Jerusalem <s> Dakar <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Dakar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ann Arbor <s> Dakar <p> instance of <o> city <s> Dakar <p> instance of <o> port settlement <s> Dakar <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Dakar <p> part of <o> Four Communes <s> Dakar <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Dakar Department <s> Amman <p> different from <o> Amman <s> Amman <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Geneva <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sylhet <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montreal <s> Amman <p> capital of <o> Amman Governorate <s> Amman <p> capital of <o> Jordan <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Francisco <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sofia <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Central Governorate <s> Amman <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Amman <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cairo <s> Amman <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Amman <s> Amman <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Born in Amman <s> Amman <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Amman <s> Amman <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> São Paulo <s> Amman <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Amman <s> Amman <p> history of topic <o> history of Amman <s> Amman <p> located in time zone <o> Eastern European Time <s> Amman <p> instance of <o> city <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Amman <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Amman <s> Amman <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Amman <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Paphos Municipality <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Istanbul <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Moscow <s> Amman <p> described by source <o> Encyclopedic Lexicon <s> Amman <p> described by source <o> Larousse Encyclopedia online <s> Amman <p> described by source <o> The American Cyclopædia <s> Amman <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Amman <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 1 <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chicago <s> Amman <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beijing <s> Amman <p> country <o> Jordan <s> Amman <p> capital of <o> Emirate of Transjordan <s> Amman <p> replaces <o> Rabba <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Islamabad <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tokyo <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Calabria <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Astana <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Baghdad <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yerevan <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Khartoum <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sanaa <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tunis <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tegucigalpa <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rabat <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ankara <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Algiers <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Damascus <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nouakchott <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pretoria <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beirut <s> Amman <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nalchik <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Doha <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Muscat <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Miami <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Baku <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sarajevo <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bishkek <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jeddah <s> Amman <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Amman Governorate <s> Amman <p> named after <o> Ammon <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bucharest <s> Amman <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Amman <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Amman <p> flag <o> flag of Amman <s> Amman <p> head of government <o> Yousef Shawarbeh <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cincinnati <s> Amman <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mostar <s> Medan <p> country <o> Indonesia <s> Medan <p> capital of <o> North Sumatra <s> Medan <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> North Sumatra <s> Medan <p> twinned administrative body <o> George Town <s> Medan <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ichikawa <s> Medan <p> different from <o> Medan (disambiguation) <s> Medan <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+07:00 <s> Medan <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gwangju <s> Medan <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jeddah <s> Medan <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Medan <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Medan <s> Medan <p> history of topic <o> history of Medan <s> Medan <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Medan <s> Medan <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Barat <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Tuntungan <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Belawan <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Petisah <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Sunggal <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Maimun <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Selayang <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Amplas <s> Medan <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Medan <s> Medan <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Medan <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Marelan <s> Medan <p> instance of <o> city of Indonesia <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Tembung <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Helvetia <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Polonia <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Deli <s> Medan <p> shares border with <o> Deli Serdang <s> Medan <p> described by source <o> National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Kota <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Timur <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Perjuangan <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Baru <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Johor <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Denai <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Labuhan <s> Medan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Medan Area <s> Medan <p> founded by <o> Guru Patimpus <s> Medan <p> owner of <o> Teladan Stadium <s> Medan <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chengdu <s> Shanghai <p> country <o> People's Republic of China <s> Shanghai <p> continent <o> Asia <s> Shanghai <p> language used <o> Shanghainese <s> Shanghai <p> language used <o> Wu Chinese <s> Shanghai <p> head of government <o> Gong Zheng <s> Shanghai <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+08:00 <s> Shanghai <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Yangtze <s> Shanghai <p> located in or next to body of water <o> East China Sea <s> Shanghai <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Huangpu River <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> New York City <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Francisco <s> Shanghai <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Shanghai <p> has part(s) <o> Pudong <s> Shanghai <p> has part(s) <o> Puxi <s> Shanghai <p> has part(s) <o> Xujiahui <s> Shanghai <p> official symbol <o> Magnolia denudata <s> Shanghai <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Yangtze Delta <s> Shanghai <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Shanghai <p> part of <o> East China <s> Shanghai <p> location <o> Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone <s> Shanghai <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dunedin <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Osaka Prefecture <s> Shanghai <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Neyagawa <s> Shanghai <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Shanghai <p> part of <o> direct-administered municipality <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Alexandria <s> Shanghai <p> significant event <o> Expo 2010 Shanghai China <s> Shanghai <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Basel <s> Shanghai <p> owner of <o> Hongkou Football Stadium <s> Shanghai <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Aden <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> London <s> Shanghai <p> said to be the same as <o> Modu <s> Shanghai <p> replaces <o> Shanghai Municipality, Republic of China <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chiang Mai <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Izumisano <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Okahandja <s> Shanghai <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Shanghai <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nagasaki Prefecture <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santiago de Cuba Province <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hirakata <s> Shanghai <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bratislava Region <s> Shanghai <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have <s> Shanghai <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> People's Republic of China <s> Shanghai <p> highest point <o> Mount Dajin <s> Shanghai <p> has part(s) <o> Xintiandi <s> Shanghai <p> member of <o> World Tourism Cities Federation <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rhône-Alpes <s> Shanghai <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Shanghai <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Suzhou Creek <s> Shanghai <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Dianshan Lake <s> Shanghai <p> capital of <o> Shanghai International Settlements <s> Shanghai <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oslo <s> Shanghai <p> party chief representative <o> Chen Jining <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yao <s> Shanghai <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Shanghai <p> geography of topic <o> geography of Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Prague <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Quebec <s> Shanghai <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Istanbul <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> São Paulo <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zagreb <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nicosia Municipality <s> Shanghai <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hamburg <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tashkent <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Budapest <s> Shanghai <p> executive body <o> Shanghai Municipal People's Government <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manila <s> Shanghai <p> legislative body <o> Shanghai People's Congress <s> Shanghai <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Shanghai <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bangkok <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dubai <s> Shanghai <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Shanghai <p> described by source <o> Desktop Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montreal <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barcelona <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vladivostok <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chicago <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ho Chi Minh City <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Karachi <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Windhoek <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Minsk <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lille <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> East Java <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yerevan <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Colombo <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rotterdam <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jalisco <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Casablanca <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gdańsk <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Maputo <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Antwerp <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> City of London <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Central Denmark Region <s> Shanghai <p> shares border with <o> Zhejiang <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Osaka <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Phnom Penh <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> South Jeolla <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> North Jeolla <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Valparaíso <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Salzburg <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Port Vila <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Liverpool <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jakarta <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Haifa <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Guayaquil <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Busan <s> Shanghai <p> shares border with <o> Jiangsu <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Xuhui District <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Marseille <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Piraeus <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Porto <s> Shanghai <p> instance of <o> national central city <s> Shanghai <p> instance of <o> Economic and Technological Development Zones <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Constanța <s> Shanghai <p> instance of <o> largest city <s> Shanghai <p> instance of <o> global city <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chongming District <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Espoo <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tabriz <s> Shanghai <p> capital <o> Huangpu District <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yokohama <s> Shanghai <p> shares border with <o> Suzhou <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Huangpu District <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Changning District <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jing'an District <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Winston-Salem <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Queensland <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> KwaZulu-Natal <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yangpu District <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Putuo District <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hongkou <s> Shanghai <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Shanghai <p> instance of <o> direct-administered municipality <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hamhung <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Qingpu <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Songjiang <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fengxian District <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Baoshan District <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minhang District <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pudong <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cork <s> Shanghai <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jinshan District <s> Shanghai <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jiading <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rosario <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gothenburg Municipality <s> Shanghai <p> instance of <o> megacity <s> Shanghai <p> instance of <o> metropolis <s> Shanghai <p> instance of <o> port settlement <s> Shanghai <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pomeranian Voivodeship <s> Sydney <p> different from <o> Sydney <s> Sydney <p> different from <o> Sydney <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Francisco <s> Sydney <p> country <o> Australia <s> Sydney <p> present in work <o> Civilization V <s> Sydney <p> capital of <o> New South Wales <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manila <s> Sydney <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Sydney <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Sydney <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Sydney <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Sydney <p> capital of <o> City of Sydney <s> Sydney <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Sydney <p> Köppen climate classification <o> humid subtropical climate <s> Sydney <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Sydney <s> Sydney <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Sydney <s> Sydney <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Sydney <s> Sydney <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Sydney <s> Sydney <p> instance of <o> city <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seoul <s> Sydney <p> continent <o> Australian continent <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mexico City <s> Sydney <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Sydney <p> geography of topic <o> geography of Sydney <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nagoya <s> Sydney <p> significant event <o> 2000 Summer Olympics <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> Florence <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dili <s> Sydney <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+10:00 <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> Guangzhou <s> Sydney <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Sydney <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> New Delhi <s> Sydney <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Sydney <s> Sydney <p> instance of <o> metropolis <s> Sydney <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> New South Wales <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> Portsmouth <s> Sydney <p> history of topic <o> history of Sydney <s> Sydney <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Sydney <s> Sydney <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have <s> Sydney <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Sydney <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hakkâri <s> Sydney <p> instance of <o> global city <s> Sydney <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Sydney <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> Islamabad <s> Sydney <p> related category <o> Category:Sydney-related lists <s> Sydney <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Sydney <s> Sydney <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Sydney <s> Sydney <p> instance of <o> financial centre <s> Sydney <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Sydney <p> named after <o> Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney <s> Sydney <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Parramatta River <s> Sydney <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Sydney <p> instance of <o> state capital <s> Sydney <p> instance of <o> largest city <s> Sydney <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wellington City <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> country <o> Italy <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Lombardy <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> capital <o> Milan <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> shares border with <o> Province of Cremona <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> shares border with <o> Province of Lodi <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> shares border with <o> Province of Monza and Brianza <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> shares border with <o> Province of Bergamo <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> shares border with <o> Province of Novara <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> shares border with <o> Province of Varese <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> replaces <o> province of Milan <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> instance of <o> province of Italy <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> different from <o> Milan metropolitan area <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> instance of <o> metropolitan city of Italy <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> head of government <o> Giuseppe Sala <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> shares border with <o> Province of Pavia <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> office held by head of government <o> metropolitan mayor of Milan <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> has part(s) <o> Sud Ovest <s> Metropolitan City of Milan <p> has part(s) <o> Magentino and Abbiatense <s> Category:Born in Milan <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Born in Milan <p> category combines topics <o> Milan <s> Category:Born in Milan <p> category combines topics <o> place of birth <s> Category:Born in Milan <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Born in Milan <p> opposite of <o> Category:Deaths in Milan <s> Bethlehem <p> different from <o> Bethlehem <s> Bethlehem <p> Köppen climate classification <o> Mediterranean climate <s> Bethlehem <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:00 <s> Bethlehem <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cologne <s> Bethlehem <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Bethlehem <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Bethlehem <p> described by source <o> Bible Encyclopedia of Archimandrite Nicephorus <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Orvieto <s> Bethlehem <p> significant event <o> Siege of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem <s> Bethlehem <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lisbon <s> Bethlehem <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Bethlehem <p> capital of <o> Bethlehem Governorate <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Bethlehem <p> instance of <o> city <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lazio <s> Bethlehem <p> shares border with <o> Jerusalem <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grenoble <s> Bethlehem <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Bethlehem <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Bethlehem <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Bethlehem <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Athens <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Abu Dhabi <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Umbria <s> Bethlehem <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Bethlehem <s> Bethlehem <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Bethlehem <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Concepción <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Verona <s> Bethlehem <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Bethlehem <s> Bethlehem <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Bethlehem <s> Bethlehem <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Bethlehem <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vladimir <s> Bethlehem <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Bethlehem <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rabat <s> Bethlehem <p> category for the view from the item <o> Category:Views from Bethlehem <s> Bethlehem <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Bethlehem <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pretoria <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Glasgow <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pavia <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brescia <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montpellier <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Florence <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Córdoba <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benevento <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zaragoza <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Strasbourg <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Palermo <s> Bethlehem <p> official language <o> Arabic <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> The Hague <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Assisi <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Burlington <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Belo Horizonte <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sacramento <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Conversano <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pratovecchio <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montevarchi <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Orlando <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montesarchio <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gallipoli <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Częstochowa <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Miniato <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barranquilla <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sant'Anastasia <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sarpsborg Municipality <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gaeta <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Natal <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Villa Alemana <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chartres <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Monterrey <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cuzco <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Marrickville <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> São Pedro do Butiá <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Třebechovice pod Orebem <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Madaba <s> Bethlehem <p> instance of <o> municipalities of the State of Palestine <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Leganés <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Belém <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Civitavecchia <s> Bethlehem <p> country <o> State of Palestine <s> Bethlehem <p> instance of <o> holy city of Christianity <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Haapsalu City <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Greccio <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Steyr <s> Bethlehem <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Bethlehem Governorate <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Joplin <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Paray-le-Monial <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kalocsa <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Għajnsielem <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Valinhos <s> Bethlehem <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yalvaç <s> Vlastenský slovník historický <p> place of publication <o> Prague <s> Vlastenský slovník historický <p> language of work or name <o> Czech <s> Vlastenský slovník historický <p> genre <o> encyclopedia <s> Vlastenský slovník historický <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Vlastenský slovník historický <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Vlastenský slovník historický <p> publisher <o> Rohlíček & Sievers <s> Vlastenský slovník historický <p> author <o> Jakub Malý </Graph>

<Text> :Dakar is the capital and largest city of Senegal. The department of Dakar has a population of 1,182,417, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 3.9 million in 2023. The area around Dakar was colonized by the Portuguese in the early 15th century. The Portuguese established a presence on the island of Goree off the coast of Cap-Vert and used it as a base for the Atlantic slave trade. France took over the island in 1677. Following the abolition of the slave trade and French annexation of the mainland area in the 19th century, Dakar grew into a major regional port and a major city of the French colonial empire. In 1902, Dakar replaced Saint-Louis as the capital of French West Africa. From 1959 to 1960, Dakar was the capital of the short-lived Mali Federation. In 1960, it became the capital of the independent Republic of Senegal. Dakar will host the 2026 Summer Youth Olympics. The Cap-Vert peninsula was settled no later than the 15th century, by the Lebu people, an aquacultural subgroup of the Wolof ethnic group. The original villages--Ouakam, Ngor, Yoff and Hann--still constitute distinctively Lebou neighborhoods of the city today. In 1444, the Portuguese reached the Bay of Dakar. Peaceful contact was finally opened in 1456 by Diogo Gomes, and the bay was subsequently referred to as the "Angra de Bezeguiche" . The bay of "Bezeguiche" would go on to serve as a critical stop for the Portuguese India Armadas of the early 16th century, where large fleets would routinely stop, both on their outward and return journeys from India, to repair, collect fresh water from the rivulets and wells along the Cap-Vert shore and trade for provisions with the local people for their remaining voyage. The Portuguese eventually founded a settlement on the island of Goree , which by 1536 they began to use as a base for slave exportation. The mainland of Cap-Vert, however, was under control of the Jolof Empire, as part of the western province of Cayor which seceded from Jolof in its own right in 1549. A new Lebou village, called Ndakaaru, was established directly across from Goree in the 17th century to service the European trading factory with food and drinking water. Goree was captured by the United Netherlands in 1588, which gave it its present name . The island was to switch hands between the Portuguese and Dutch several more times before falling to the English under Admiral Robert Holmes on January 23, 1664, and finally to the French in 1677. Though under continuous French administration since, metis families, descended from Dutch and French traders and African wives, dominated the slave trade. The infamous "House of Slaves" was built at Goree in 1776. Amman is the capital and the largest city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political, and cultural center. With a population of 4,061,150 as of 2021, Amman is Jordan's primate city and is the largest city in the Levant region, the fifth-largest city in the Arab world, and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East. The earliest evidence of settlement in Amman dates to the 8th millennium BC, in a Neolithic site known as 'Ain Ghazal, where the world's oldest statues of the human form have been unearthed. The city was known as Rabat Aman during the second millennium BC and served as the capital of the Ammonite Kingdom, centered at the Amman Citadel. In the 3rd century BC, the city was renamed Philadelphia and made a regional center of Hellenistic culture. Under Roman rule, Philadelphia was one of the ten Greco-Roman cities of the Decapolis. The Rashidun Caliphate conquered the city from the Byzantines in the 7th century AD, and renamed it Amman. Throughout most of the Islamic era, the city alternated between periods of devastation and abandonment and periods of relative prosperity as the center of the Balqa region. Amman was largely abandoned from the 15th century until 1878, when the Ottoman Empire began settling Circassians there. After the Ottoman Empire inaugurated the Hejaz railway station in 1904, Amman became connected to other nearby cities, and the then mainly Circassian village witnessed growth that led to the establishment of its first municipal council in 1909. The city witnessed rapid growth after its designation as Transjordan's capital in 1921, receiving migrations from different Jordanian and Levantine cities, and later several successive waves of refugees: Palestinians in 1948 and 1967; Iraqis in 1990 and 2003; and Syrians since 2011. It was initially built on seven hills, but now spans over 19 hills combining 22 areas, which are administered by the Greater Amman Municipality. Areas of Amman have gained their names from either the hills or the valleys they occupy, such as Jabal al-Luweibdeh and Wadi Abdoun. East Amman is predominantly filled with historic sites that frequently host cultural activities, while West Amman is more modern and serves as the economic center of the city. Approximately one million visitors arrived in Amman in 2018, which made it the 89th most-visited city in the world and the 12th most-visited Arab city. Amman has a relatively fast growing economy and it is ranked as a Beta- global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Moreover, it was named one of the Middle East and North Africa's best cities according to economic, labor, environmental, and socio-cultural factors. The city is among the most popular locations in the Arab world for multinational corporations to set up their regional offices, alongside Doha and only behind Dubai. The city is served by the Amman Bus and the Amman Bus Rapid Transit public transportation systems. Another BRT system under-construction will connect the city to nearby Zarqa. Medan is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of North Sumatra. The nearby Strait of Malacca, Port of Belawan, and Kualanamu International Airport make Medan a regional hub and multicultural metropolis, acting as a financial centre for Sumatra and a gateway to the western part of Indonesia. About 60% of the economy in North Sumatra is backed by trading, agriculture, and processing industries, including exports from its 4 million acres of palm oil plantations. The National Development Planning Agency listed Medan as one of the four main central cities in Indonesia, alongside Jakarta, Surabaya, and Makassar. As of the 2020 Census, Medan had a population of 2,435,252 within its city limits; the official population estimate as of mid 2023 was 2,474,166 - comprising 1,231,673 males and 1,242,493. When the surrounding urban area is included, the population is over 3.4 million, making it the fourth largest urban area in Indonesia. The Medan metropolitan area--which includes neighbouring Binjai, Deli Serdang Regency, and a part of Karo Regency--is the largest metropolitan area outside of Java, with 4,744,323 residents counted in the 2020 Census. The city was founded at the confluence of the Deli River and the Babura river by a Karonese man named Guru Patimpus. Then called Kampung Medan Putri, it became part of the Deli Sultanate, established in 1632. In the late 19th century, colonial Dutch seeking new plantation areas chose Medan and Deli as plantation hubs to found the Deli Company. Within a few years, the Dutch tobacco trade transformed Medan into an economic hub, earning it the nickname Het Land Dollar . The Deli Railway, established to ship tobacco, rubber, tea, timber, palm oil, and sugar from Medan to the Port of Belawan for worldwide export, brought further rapid development to Medan. The city became first the capital of the State of East Sumatra, and then the provincial capital of North Sumatra. The term medan might be derived from a Batak Karo word madan , which literally means 'healed', 'blessed', or 'recovered'. The term is associated with the historical Karo Batak figure and founder of the city, Guru Patimpus, who was well-known as a "healer" or traditional doctor. The oldest evidence of this term used to refer to the city dates back to c. 13th-15th century era during the reign of Aru, the Karo monarch. Shanghai is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China . The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowing through it. The population of the city proper is the third largest in the world, with 24.89 million inhabitants in 2021, while the urban area is the most populous in China, with 39.3 million residents. As of 2018, the Greater Shanghai metropolitan area was estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product of nearly 9.1 trillion RMB . Shanghai is one of the world's major centers for finance, business and economics, research, science and technology, manufacturing, transportation, tourism, and culture. The Port of Shanghai is the world's busiest container port. Originally a fishing village and market town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to both domestic and foreign trade and its favorable port location. The city was one of five treaty ports forced to open to European trade after the First Opium War which ceded Hong Kong to the United Kingdom, following the Second Battle of Chuenpi in 1841, more than 60 km east of the Portuguese colony of Macau that was also controlled by Portugal of the Luso-Chinese agreement of 1554. The Shanghai International Settlement and the French Concession were subsequently established. The city then flourished, becoming a primary commercial and financial hub of Asia in the 1930s. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the city was the site of the major Battle of Shanghai. After the war, with the CCP takeover of the mainland in 1949, trade was limited to other socialist countries and the city's global influence would decline during the Cold War. By the 1990s, economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping a decade earlier resulted in an intense redevelopment and revitalization of the city, especially the Pudong New Area, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment. The city has since re-emerged as a hub for international trade and finance; it is the home of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, one of the largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization and the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone, the first free-trade zone in mainland China. Shanghai has been classified as an Alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network and is known as the "New York of China". As of 2022, it is home to 12 companies of the Fortune Global 500 and is ranked 4th on the Global Financial Centres Index. The city is also a global major center for research and development and home to many highly ranked Double First-Class Universities. The Shanghai Metro, first opened in 1993, is the largest metro network in the world by route length. Shanghai has been described as the "showpiece" of the economy of China. Featuring several architectural styles such as Art Deco and shikumen, the city is renowned for its Lujiazui skyline, museums and historic buildings including the City God Temple, Yu Garden, the China Pavilion and buildings along the Bund, which includes Oriental Pearl Tower. Shanghai is also known for its sugary cuisine, distinctive local language and vibrant international flair. It ranks sixth in the list of cities with the most skyscrapers. Sydney is the capital city of the state of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about 80 km from the Pacific Ocean in the east to the Blue Mountains in the west, and about 80 km from the Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park and the Hawkesbury River in the north and north-west, to the Royal National Park and Macarthur in the south and south-west. Greater Sydney consists of 658 suburbs, spread across 33 local government areas. Residents of the city are colloquially known as "Sydneysiders". The estimated population in June 2022 was 5,297,089, which is about 66% of the state's population. The city's nicknames include the "Emerald City" and the "Harbour City". Aboriginal Australians have inhabited the Greater Sydney region for at least 30,000 years; Aboriginal engravings and cultural sites are common. The traditional custodians of the land on which modern Sydney stands are the clans of the Darug, Dharawal and Eora peoples. During his first Pacific voyage in 1770, James Cook charted the eastern coast of Australia, making landfall at Botany Bay. In 1788, the First Fleet of convicts, led by Arthur Phillip, founded Sydney as a British penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. After World War II, Sydney experienced mass migration and by 2021 over 40 per cent of the population was born overseas. Foreign countries of birth with the greatest representation are mainland China, India, the United Kingdom, Vietnam and the Philippines. Despite being one of the most expensive cities in the world, Sydney frequently ranks in the top ten most liveable cities. It is classified as an Alpha city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has an advanced market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing and tourism. Established in 1850, the University of Sydney was Australia's first university and is regarded as one of the world's leading universities. Sydney has hosted major international sporting events such as the 2000 Summer Olympics. The city is among the top fifteen most-visited, with millions of tourists coming each year to see the city's landmarks. The city has over 1,000,000 ha of nature reserves and parks, and its notable natural features include Sydney Harbour and Royal National Park. The Sydney Harbour Bridge and the World Heritage-listed Sydney Opera House are major tourist attractions. Central Station is the hub of Sydney's suburban rail and light rail networks, with metro platforms under construction. The main passenger airport serving the city is Kingsford Smith Airport, one of the world's oldest continually operating airports. The Metropolitan City of Milan is a metropolitan city in the Lombardy region of Italy. It is the second most populous metropolitan city in the nation after the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. Its capital is the city of Milan. It replaced the province of Milan and includes the city of Milan and other 133 comuni . It was first created by the reform of local authorities and then established by the Law 56/2014. It has been operative since 1 January 2015. The Metropolitan City of Milan is headed by the Metropolitan Mayor and by the Metropolitan Council . Since June 2016 Giuseppe Sala, as mayor of the capital city, has been the mayor of the Metropolitan City. The new Metro municipalities, giving large urban areas the administrative powers of a province, are conceived for improving the performance of local administrations and to slash local spending by better coordinating the municipalities in providing basic services and environment protection. In this policy framework, the Mayor of Milan is designated to exercise the functions of Metropolitan mayor, presiding over a Metropolitan Council. The Council consists of mayors and city councillors of each comune in the Metropolitan City elected from amongst themselves using partially open list proportional representation, with seats allocated using the D'Hondt method. Metropolitan councillors are elected at-large for five-year terms; votes for metropolitan councillors are weighted by grouping comunes of a certain population range into nine groups so that votes of the mayors and city councillors of the more populous groups are worth than those of less populous groups. Milan metropolitan area is one of southern Europe's key transport nodes and one of Italy's most important railway hubs. Its five major railway stations, among which the Milan Central station, are among Italy's busiest. Bethlehem is a city in the Israeli-occupied West Bank of the State of Palestine, located about ten kilometres south of Jerusalem. It is the capital of the Bethlehem Governorate, and has a population of approximately 25,000 people. The city's economy is largely tourist-driven; international tourism peaks around and during Christmas, when Christians embark on a pilgrimage to the Church of the Nativity, revered as the location of the Nativity of Jesus. The earliest-known mention of Bethlehem is in the Amarna correspondence of ancient Egypt, dated to 1350-1330 BCE, when the town was inhabited by the Canaanites. In the Hebrew Bible, the period of the Israelites is described; it identifies Bethlehem as the birthplace of David. In the New Testament, the city is identified as the birthplace of Jesus of Nazareth. Under the Roman Empire, the city of Bethlehem was destroyed by Hadrian, but later rebuilt by Helena, and her son, Constantine the Great, who commissioned the Church of the Nativity in 327 CE. In 529, the Church of the Nativity was heavily damaged by Samaritans involved in the Samaritan revolts; following the victory of the Byzantine Empire, it was rebuilt by Justinian I. Amidst the Muslim conquest of the Levant, Bethlehem became part of Jund Filastin in 637. Muslims continued to rule the city until 1099, when it was conquered by the Crusaders, who replaced the local Christian Greek Orthodox clergy with Catholic ones. In the mid-13th century, Bethlehem's walls were demolished by the Mamluk Sultanate. However, they were rebuilt by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, following the Ottoman-Mamluk War. After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War I, it became part of Mandatory Palestine until 1948, when it was annexed by Jordan during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. During the 1967 Six Day War, Bethlehem was occupied by Israel along with the rest of the West Bank. Since the Oslo Accords between Israel and the Palestinian National Authority, Bethlehem has been designated as part of Area A of the West Bank, nominally rendering it as being under Palestinian control. Movement around the city is limited due to the Israeli West Bank barrier. While it was historically a city of Arab Christians, Bethlehem now has a majority of Arab Muslims; it is still home to a significant community of Palestinian Christians, however it has dwindled significantly, mostly due to difficulties resulting from living under the Israeli occupation. Presently, Bethlehem has become encircled by dozens of Israeli settlements, which significantly hinder the ability of Palestinians in the city to openly access their land and livelihoods, which has contributed to the exodus of Palestinians. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> City Hall Station <p> country <o> South Korea <s> City Hall Station <p> different from <o> Hôtel de Ville <s> City Hall Station <p> different from <o> City Hall MRT station <s> City Hall Station <p> owned by <o> Seoul <s> City Hall Station <p> state of use <o> in use <s> City Hall Station <p> connecting line <o> Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 1 <s> City Hall Station <p> connecting service <o> Seoul Subway Line 2 <s> City Hall Station <p> connecting service <o> Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 1 <s> City Hall Station <p> transport network <o> Seoul Metropolitan Subway <s> City Hall Station <p> connecting line <o> Seoul Subway Line 2 <s> City Hall Station <p> instance of <o> railway station <s> City Hall Station <p> instance of <o> underground railway station <s> City Hall Station <p> instance of <o> underground station <s> City Hall Station <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Jung District <s> City Hall Station <p> transport network <o> Seoul Subway <s> City Hall Station <p> connecting line <o> Seoul Subway Line 1 <s> City Hall Station <p> instance of <o> metro station <s> City Hall Station <p> operator <o> Seoul Metro <s> City Hall Station <p> adjacent station <o> Seoul Station <s> City Hall Station <p> adjacent station <o> Jonggak Station <s> City Hall Station <p> adjacent station <o> Chungjeongno Station <s> City Hall Station <p> adjacent station <o> Euljiro 1-ga Station <s> City Hall Station <p> located in time zone <o> Korea Standard Time <s> Jonggak Station <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Jonggak Station <p> owned by <o> Seoul <s> Jonggak Station <p> instance of <o> railway station <s> Jonggak Station <p> instance of <o> underground railway station <s> Jonggak Station <p> connecting service <o> Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 1 <s> Jonggak Station <p> transport network <o> Seoul Metropolitan Subway <s> Jonggak Station <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Jongno District <s> Jonggak Station <p> transport network <o> Seoul Subway <s> Jonggak Station <p> connecting line <o> Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 1 <s> Jonggak Station <p> instance of <o> underground station <s> Jonggak Station <p> instance of <o> metro station <s> Jonggak Station <p> connecting line <o> Seoul Subway Line 1 <s> Jonggak Station <p> located in time zone <o> Korea Standard Time <s> Jonggak Station <p> adjacent station <o> City Hall Station <s> Jonggak Station <p> adjacent station <o> Jongno 3-ga Station <s> Jonggak Station <p> operator <o> Seoul Metro <s> Jonggak Station <p> state of use <o> in use <s> Gangnam Station <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Gangnam Station <p> owned by <o> Seoul <s> Gangnam Station <p> connecting line <o> Seoul Subway Line 2 <s> Gangnam Station <p> connecting line <o> Shinbundang Line <s> Gangnam Station <p> owned by <o> Government of South Korea <s> Gangnam Station <p> transport network <o> Seoul Metropolitan Subway <s> Gangnam Station <p> adjacent station <o> Sinnonhyeon Station <s> Gangnam Station <p> adjacent station <o> Yeoksam Station <s> Gangnam Station <p> adjacent station <o> Seoul National University of Education Station <s> Gangnam Station <p> adjacent station <o> Yangjae Station <s> Gangnam Station <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Gangnam District <s> Gangnam Station <p> instance of <o> underground station <s> Gangnam Station <p> instance of <o> metro station <s> Gangnam Station <p> operator <o> Shinbundang Railroad Company <s> Gangnam Station <p> operator <o> Seoul Metro <s> Gangnam Station <p> state of use <o> in use <s> Gangnam Station <p> operator <o> Neo Trans <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> owned by <o> Seoul <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> instance of <o> airport rail link <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> transport network <o> Seoul Metropolitan Subway <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> transport network <o> Seoul Subway <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> instance of <o> rapid transit railway line <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> terminus <o> Sinnonhyeon Station <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> terminus <o> Gaehwa Station <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> has part(s) <o> Seoul Subway Line 9 Express <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> track gauge <o> 1435 mm track gauge <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> operator <o> Seoul Line9 Operation <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> operator <o> Seoul Metro Line9 Corporation <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> operator <o> Seoul Metro <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Seoul Subway Line 9 <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> type of electrification <o> 1500 V DC railway electrification <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> terminus <o> VHS Medical Center Station <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> state of use <o> in use <s> Seoul Subway Line 9 <p> Wikimedia route diagram template <o> Template:Seoul Subway Line 9 route diagram <s> 2008 Namdaemun fire <p> country <o> South Korea <s> 2008 Namdaemun fire <p> instance of <o> arson <s> 2008 Namdaemun fire <p> destroyed <o> Namdaemun <s> 2010 G20 Seoul summit <p> country <o> South Korea <s> 2010 G20 Seoul summit <p> instance of <o> G20 summit <s> 2010 G20 Seoul summit <p> location <o> Seoul <s> 2010 G20 Seoul summit <p> follows <o> 2010 G20 Toronto summit <s> 2010 G20 Seoul summit <p> followed by <o> 2011 G20 Cannes summit <s> Gyeonggi <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Gyeonggi <s> Gyeonggi <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Gyeonggi-do <s> Gyeonggi <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Gyeonggi <p> part of <o> Seoul Capital Area <s> Gyeonggi <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> South Korea <s> Gyeonggi <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Gyeonggi <p> has part(s) <o> Ganghwado <s> Gyeonggi <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gyeonggi Province <s> Gyeonggi <p> owner of <o> Suwon World Cup Stadium <s> Gyeonggi <p> shares border with <o> North Chungcheong <s> Gyeonggi <p> shares border with <o> Gangwon State <s> Gyeonggi <p> shares border with <o> Seoul <s> Gyeonggi <p> shares border with <o> Incheon <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Goyang <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Namyangju <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gimpo <s> Gyeonggi <p> capital <o> Suwon <s> Gyeonggi <p> office held by head of government <o> Governor of Gyeonggi Province <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yongin <s> Gyeonggi <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Gyeonggi Province <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Suwon <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Uiwang <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yangju <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gwacheon <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gwangju <s> Gyeonggi <p> different from <o> Gyeonggi (historical) <s> Gyeonggi <p> shares border with <o> South Chungcheong <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Paju <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Seongnam <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bucheon <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hanam <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Pyeongtaek <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ansan <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Siheung <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hwaseong <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Icheon <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Uijeongbu <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Anyang <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gapyeong County <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yangpyeong County <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yeoju <s> Gyeonggi <p> twinned administrative body <o> Asahikawa <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dongducheon <s> Gyeonggi <p> instance of <o> province of South Korea <s> Gyeonggi <p> head of government <o> Nam Kyung-pil <s> Gyeonggi <p> head of government <o> Lee Jae-myung <s> Gyeonggi <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yeoncheon County <s> Gyeonggi <p> legislative body <o> Gyeonggi Province municipal council <s> Gyeonggi <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kanagawa Prefecture <s> Gyeonggi <p> executive body <o> Gyeonggi Provincial Government <s> Gangnam District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Gangnam District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Gangnam District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fredericton <s> Gangnam District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Riverside <s> Gangnam District <p> part of <o> Seoul <s> Gangnam District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Apgujeong-dong <s> Gangnam District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dogok-dong <s> Gangnam District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gaepo-dong <s> Gangnam District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nonhyeon-dong <s> Gangnam District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yeoksam-dong <s> Gangnam District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Suseo-dong <s> Gangnam District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Daechi-dong <s> Gangnam District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sinsa-dong <s> Gangnam District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Irwon-dong <s> Gangnam District <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Gangnam District <p> located in time zone <o> Korea Standard Time <s> Gangnam District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Gangnam District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Samseong-dong <s> Gangnam District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Segok-dong <s> Gangnam District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cheongdam-dong <s> Gangnam District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kaslik <s> Gangnam District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gangnam District <s> Cloud Atlas <p> narrative location <o> England <s> Cloud Atlas <p> instance of <o> film <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Tom Hanks <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Hugh Grant <s> Cloud Atlas <p> based on <o> Cloud Atlas <s> Cloud Atlas <p> narrative location <o> Scotland <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Götz Otto <s> Cloud Atlas <p> genre <o> drama film <s> Cloud Atlas <p> assessment <o> Bechdel test <s> Cloud Atlas <p> KMRB film rating <o> Adults only <s> Cloud Atlas <p> RTC film rating <o> B15 <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Martin Wuttke <s> Cloud Atlas <p> producer <o> Tom Tykwer <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Halle Berry <s> Cloud Atlas <p> producer <o> Stefan Arndt <s> Cloud Atlas <p> screenwriter <o> Lilly Wachowski <s> Cloud Atlas <p> production company <o> X-Filme Creative Pool <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Hugo Weaving <s> Cloud Atlas <p> director <o> Lilly Wachowski <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Jim Sturgess <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Keith David <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Susan Sarandon <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> James D'Arcy <s> Cloud Atlas <p> composer <o> Johnny Klimek <s> Cloud Atlas <p> director of photography <o> John Toll <s> Cloud Atlas <p> director of photography <o> Frank Griebe <s> Cloud Atlas <p> genre <o> fantasy film <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Jim Broadbent <s> Cloud Atlas <p> director <o> Tom Tykwer <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> David Mitchell <s> Cloud Atlas <p> genre <o> cyberpunk <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Marie Rönnebeck <s> Cloud Atlas <p> narrative location <o> Belgium <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Zhou Xun <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Bae Doona <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Daniele Rizzo <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> David Gyasi <s> Cloud Atlas <p> country of origin <o> United States of America <s> Cloud Atlas <p> country of origin <o> Spain <s> Cloud Atlas <p> screenwriter <o> Tom Tykwer <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Katy Karrenbauer <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Heike Hanold-Lynch <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Amanda Walker <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Alistair Petrie <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Zhu Zhu <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Laura Vietzen <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Thomas Kügel <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Robert Fyfe <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Shaun Lawton <s> Cloud Atlas <p> producer <o> Grant Hill <s> Cloud Atlas <p> composer <o> Tom Tykwer <s> Cloud Atlas <p> genre <o> science fiction film <s> Cloud Atlas <p> composer <o> Reinhold Heil <s> Cloud Atlas <p> assessment <o> Vito Russo test <s> Cloud Atlas <p> Medierådet rating <o> For ages 15 and up <s> Cloud Atlas <p> narrative location <o> Pacific Ocean <s> Cloud Atlas <p> producer <o> Lana Wachowski <s> Cloud Atlas <p> country of origin <o> United Kingdom <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Mya-Lecia Naylor <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Nikko Weidemann <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Victor Solé <s> Cloud Atlas <p> producer <o> Lilly Wachowski <s> Cloud Atlas <p> genre <o> mystery film <s> Cloud Atlas <p> genre <o> post-apocalyptic film <s> Cloud Atlas <p> screenwriter <o> Lana Wachowski <s> Cloud Atlas <p> director <o> Lana Wachowski <s> Cloud Atlas <p> filming location <o> Berlin <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Ben Whishaw <s> Cloud Atlas <p> narrative location <o> San Francisco <s> Cloud Atlas <p> country of origin <o> Singapore <s> Cloud Atlas <p> country of origin <o> People's Republic of China <s> Cloud Atlas <p> genre <o> LGBT-related film <s> Cloud Atlas <p> genre <o> dystopian film <s> Cloud Atlas <p> country of origin <o> Germany <s> Cloud Atlas <p> narrative location <o> Hawaii <s> Cloud Atlas <p> narrative location <o> South Korea <s> Cloud Atlas <p> genre <o> arthouse science fiction film <s> Cloud Atlas <p> genre <o> film based on a novel <s> Cloud Atlas <p> original language of film or TV show <o> English <s> Cloud Atlas <p> cast member <o> Rose Wakesho <s> Cloud Atlas <p> set in period <o> 1974 <s> Cloud Atlas <p> set in period <o> 2012 <s> Cloud Atlas <p> set in period <o> 1849 <s> Cloud Atlas <p> country of origin <o> Hong Kong <s> Cloud Atlas <p> main subject <o> slavery <s> Cloud Atlas <p> filming location <o> Mallorca <s> Cloud Atlas <p> set in period <o> 22nd century <s> Cloud Atlas <p> set in period <o> 1936 <s> Cloud Atlas <p> filming location <o> Edinburgh <s> Cloud Atlas <p> set in period <o> 24th century <s> Cloud Atlas <p> after a work by <o> David Mitchell <s> Cloud Atlas <p> distributed by <o> Warner Bros. <s> Cloud Atlas <p> distributed by <o> Netflix <s> Cloud Atlas <p> main subject <o> cloning <s> Cloud Atlas <p> distribution format <o> video on demand <s> Cloud Atlas <p> main subject <o> seamanship <s> Cloud Atlas <p> executive producer <o> Uwe Schott <s> Cloud Atlas <p> CNC film rating (Romania) <o> N - 15 <s> Cloud Atlas <p> CNC film rating (France) <o> no age restriction <s> Cloud Atlas <p> JMK film rating <o> free from 14 years <s> Cloud Atlas <p> distributed by <o> Budapest Film <s> Cloud Atlas <p> color <o> color <s> Cloud Atlas <p> narrative location <o> Earth analog <s> Cloud Atlas <p> film editor <o> Alexander Berner <s> Cloud Atlas <p> NMHH film rating <o> Category IV <s> Cloud Atlas <p> FSK film rating <o> FSK 12 <s> Cloud Atlas <p> executive producer <o> Philip Lee <s> Cloud Atlas <p> executive producer <o> Pearry Teo <s> Cloud Atlas <p> costume designer <o> Pierre-Yves Gayraud <s> Cloud Atlas <p> different from <o> Cloud atlas <s> Cloud Atlas <p> costume designer <o> Kym Barrett <s> Mayor of Seoul <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Mayor of Seoul <p> instance of <o> public office <s> Mayor of Seoul <p> subclass of <o> special city mayor of South Korea <s> Mayor of Seoul <p> replaces <o> Mayor of Keijō <s> Mayor of Seoul <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Seoul <s> Mayor of Seoul <p> part of <o> Seoul Metropolitan Government <s> Mayor of Seoul <p> has list <o> list of mayors of Seoul <s> Mayor of Seoul <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mayors of Seoul <s> Mayor of Seoul <p> organization directed by the office or position <o> Seoul Metropolitan Government <s> Mayor of Seoul <p> officeholder <o> Park Won-soon <s> Mayor of Seoul <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Mayors of Seoul </Graph>

<Text> :On every New Year's Day, the bell ceremony is held at Boshingak, the nearby bell pavilion. At those times the area is so crowded with tens of thousands of Seoulites that trains do not stop at Jonggak as to avoid any accidents. Gangnam is a station on Line 2 of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. The station is located within the Greater Gangnam Area between the Gangnam and Seocho Districts of Seoul, South Korea. The station is the busiest station on the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, serving over 70,000 daily passengers on average. This station serves as a crucial transfer point between Line 2 and buses to all over Seoul and southern Gyeonggi Province. It became the northern terminus of the Shinbundang Line on October 29, 2011 until May 28, 2022 when it was extended north to Sinsa, whereas the southern terminus being at Gwanggyo. The area surrounding the station is an important commercial and entertainment district. The station is located at the western end of Teheranno, home to many corporate headquarters and impressive towers, while the area immediately to the north of the station is densely packed with bars, restaurants and clubs. There are also many shops in the subway station below ground. In 2007, the area was the 10th most expensive shopping street in the world with an average rent of US$431 per square foot. Line 2 runs on the right hand track, whereas the Shinbundang Line runs on the left hand track; this is because the Shinbundang Line is a national railway line , while Line 2 is a subway line . This can be confusing to tourists making a transfer here, as many tourists are accustomed to riding on either the left-hand track or the right-hand track. Seoul Subway Line 9, operated by Seoul Line9 Operation, is a subway line in Seoul, part of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway. The line runs east from Gaehwa station or Gimpo International Airport station along the south bank of the Han River towards VHS Medical Center in Gangdong. In 2019, Line 9 had an annual ridership of 225 million or about 616,000 people per day. Line 9 was constructed as a double track subway, but several stations feature passing loops enabling express trains to overtake local trains. Express trains run around five times per hour in each direction. All stations are equipped with elevators, escalators, and platform screen doors. Phase 1 was the first privately run subway line in Korea. The franchisee of phase 1 is Seoul Metro Line 9 Corporation , which oversaw the construction of phase 1. SML9 contracted the operation to Seoul Line9 , a joint venture of Hyundai Rotem and RATP Dev Transdev Asia . Collectively, SLM9 and SL9 are known as Metro9. However, phase 2 and further phases are operated by Seoul Metro. Line 9 was one of the lines first discussed as part of Seoul's 3rd phase of subway construction in 1991. In 1993, Seoul announced a plan for new construction of subway lines 9~12 and the extension of subway line 3. Construction of the 3rd phase was delayed by the 1995 Daegu explosions, funding issues, the 1997 financial crisis and a 1998 review of the plan that reduced the scope of the 3rd phase. In 2001, the city passed the feasibility study and execution designs for line 9 and confirmed the commencement of construction. On February 10, 2008, an arsonist set fire to the historic Namdaemun gate in Seoul, South Korea, causing severe damage to the 550-year-old structure. The monument was subsequently restored and reopened to the public in 2013. The fire reportedly broke out at approximately 8:50 p.m. on Sunday, February 10, 2008. Firefighters soon arrived on the scene and started dousing the blaze with water in an attempt to extinguish the fire. Initially, the effort seemed successful: by late Sunday night, firefighters said they believed that they had contained the fire, with only minimal damage done to the wooden structure topping the otherwise stone structure. According to reports, they had been instructed by authorities not to be aggressive in fighting the fire out of fear that the structure would be damaged by the high-pressure water. After midnight, however, the dying fire suddenly reignited, quickly getting out of control. Despite the efforts of the more than 360 firefighters who were at the scene, the fire soon ended up destroying the entire wooden structure and causing substantial damage to the stone walls. The fire did not result in any injuries. Originally, the fire had been suspected to be accidental. However, many witnesses reported seeing someone enter the gate shortly before the fire, and two disposable lighters were found where the fire was believed to have started. The 2010 G20 Seoul Summit was the fifth meeting of the G20 heads of government/heads of state, to discuss the global financial system and the world economy, which took place in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, on November 11-12, 2010. South Korea was the first non-G8 nation to host a G20 leaders' summit. Representatives met in advance of the leaders' summit. These sherpas were tasked to draft a closing statement for the summit. The debate over currency exchange rates and imbalances was reported to have been "heated". Originally, three new artificial islands built on the Han River between the Banpo and Dongjak bridges were going to be used as the main venue. However, delayed construction of the islands led for the main summit venue to relocate to COEX Convention & Exhibition Center. A group of South Korean artists, consisting of Gyu-ri, Seohyun, Jun. K, Changmin, Jaekyung, Jonghyun, Sungmin, Kahi, Luna, Ji Eun, Junhyung, Gayoon, Min, G.O, Bumkey, G.NA, Son Dam-bi, Seo In-guk, IU, and Anna, credited as Group of 20 recorded a song titled "Let's Go" for the summit. Seoul, the nation's largest city and capital, is in the heart of the area but has been separately administered as a provincial-level special city since 1946. Incheon, the nation's third-largest city, is on the coast of the province and has been similarly administered as a provincial-level metropolitan city since 1981. The three jurisdictions are collectively referred to as Sudogwon and cover 11,730 km2 , with a combined population of over 26 million - amounting to over half of the entire population of South Korea at the 2020 Census. Gyeonggi-do has been a politically important area since 18 BCE, when Korea was divided into three nations during the Three Kingdoms period. Ever since King Onjo, the founder of Baekje , founded the government in Wiryeseong of Hanam, the Han River Valley was absorbed into Goguryeo in the mid-fifth century, and became Silla's territory in the year 553 . Afterward, the current location of Gyeonggi-do, one of the nine states of Later Silla, was called Hansanju. The Gyeonggi region started to rise as the central region of Goryeo as King Taejo of Goryeo set up the capital in Gaesong. Since 1018 , this area has been officially called "Gyeonggi". During the Joseon, which was founded after the Goryeo, King Taejo of Joseon set the capital in Hanyang, while restructuring Gyeonggi's area to include Gwangju, Suwon, Yeoju, and Anseong, along with the southeast region. Since the period of King Taejong and Sejong the Great, the Gyeonggi region has been very similar to the current administrative area of Gyeonggi-do. Gangnam District is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. The term Gangnam translates to "South of the River". Gangnam District is the third largest district in Seoul, with an area of 39.5 km2 . As of the 2017 census, Gangnam District had a population of 561,052. There is a high concentration of wealth in the district, with prices for an apartment as of 2020 nearly double those in the rest of Seoul. Gangnam District is part of Gangnam School District Eight, along with the Seocho District. This district shares half of Gangnam-daero Gangnam Station area with Seocho District, which is one of the most crowded places in South Korea. The Gangnam District office has designated two smoke-free zones within the district. The first is the section of Gangnam Boulevard between exit No. 2 of Gangnam station of Seoul Subway Line 2 and exit No. 5 of Sinnonhyeon station of Line 9; the second is the 836-meter section of sidewalk along Yeongdong Boulevard from exit No. 5 of Samseong station on Line 2, outside COEX Convention & Exhibition Center and ASEM Tower of the COEX complex. Both the Greater Gangnam Area and Gangnam itself are widely known for its heavily concentrated wealth and very high standard of living, which has been compared to cities such as Beverly Hills, California. The most significant indicator is its extremely expensive real estate. Seoul as a whole is known for its expensive housing prices--as of 2011, its average apartment cost approximately US$5,500 per m2--but the average price in Gangnam is almost twice as high, roughly US$10,000 per m2, which is 3.5 times the nationwide average. This is driven in part by the price of land: the 40 km2 making up Gangnam district rivals in valuation with the entirety of the city of Busan, the second-largest city in South Korea which occupies 770 km2. Combined with the neighboring districts of Seocho and Songpa, the Greater Gangnam Area accounts for almost 10% of the land value of the entire country. While Seoul's traditional business centers such as Central District, Jongno District, Yongsan District and Yeongdeungpo District still maintain their leading roles, Gangnam and its neighboring districts have swiftly become the new core across all areas of business over the last few decades. KOSPI 200 companies based in Gangnam district include KEPCO, GS Group, Hyundai Department Store Group, HITEJinro, Hansol, Hankook Tire, GLOVIS and Korea Zinc Corporation. Besides, POSCO also operates POSCO Center in Teheran Valley, and KT&G operates Kosmo Tower. Other notable companies based in Gangnam include Dongbu Fire Insurance, Young Poong Group, T'way Airlines and Hankook P&G. Gangnam is also home to many IT and other internet-related companies including NC Soft and Pandora TV, and is also a strong hub of the country's financial and banking sectors. Many international companies also operate key offices in Gangnam, including Google, IBM, Toyota, and AMI. The position is historically one of the most powerful in the country, charged with managing an annual budget of 23 trillion won. Many Seoul mayors have gone on to hold higher office. Yun Bo-seon and Lee Myung-bak both went on to become President of the Republic of Korea. The mayor of Seoul, although being the head of a local autonomous region in South Korea and not directly related to the central executive branch, has been allowed to attend State Council meetings considering the special status of Seoul as a Special City and its mayor as the only cabinet-level mayor in Korea. The incumbent mayor is Oh Se-hoon, who assumed office for the third time on 8 April 2021 after a by-election. He won 57.5 percent of the vote. Oh previously served as mayor between 2006 and 2011, having been elected in 2006 and 2010. Right after independence from Japan, Seoul was temporarily still called Gyeongseong and was a part of Gyeonggi Province before being separated from the province and being designated as a Special City. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Portal:Seoul <p> Wikimedia portal's main topic <o> Seoul <s> Portal:Seoul <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia portal <s> Keijō <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Keijō <s> Keijō <p> replaced by <o> Seoul <s> Keijō <p> located in the present-day administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Keijō <p> country <o> Korea under Japanese rule <s> Keijō <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Keijō <s> Keijō <p> different from <o> Kyongsong County <s> Keijō <p> capital of <o> Korea under Japanese rule <s> Keijō <p> instance of <o> local government <s> Keijō <p> instance of <o> administrative division of Korea under Japanese rule <s> Keijō <p> replaces <o> Hanseongbu <s> Keijō <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Keiki Prefecture <s> Colossal <p> country of origin <o> Canada <s> Colossal <p> country of origin <o> United States of America <s> Colossal <p> narrative location <o> New York City <s> Colossal <p> country of origin <o> Spain <s> Colossal <p> country of origin <o> South Korea <s> Colossal <p> narrative location <o> Seoul <s> Colossal <p> original language of film or TV show <o> English <s> Colossal <p> instance of <o> film <s> Colossal <p> cast member <o> Jason Sudeikis <s> Colossal <p> director <o> Nacho Vigalondo <s> Colossal <p> cast member <o> Dan Stevens <s> Colossal <p> cast member <o> Rukiya Bernard <s> Colossal <p> filming location <o> Vancouver <s> Colossal <p> assessment <o> Bechdel test <s> Colossal <p> distributed by <o> Hulu <s> Colossal <p> screenwriter <o> Nacho Vigalondo <s> Colossal <p> director of photography <o> Eric Kress <s> Colossal <p> genre <o> speculative/fantastic fiction film <s> Colossal <p> cast member <o> Anne Hathaway <s> Colossal <p> genre <o> thriller film <s> Colossal <p> distributed by <o> ADS Service <s> Colossal <p> MPA film rating <o> R <s> Colossal <p> distributed by <o> Warner Bros. <s> Colossal <p> Kijkwijzer rating <o> 12 <s> Colossal <p> aspect ratio (W:H) <o> 2.39:1 <s> Colossal <p> ClassInd rating <o> 12 <s> Colossal <p> NMHH film rating <o> Category III <s> Colossal <p> BBFC rating <o> 15 certificate <s> Colossal <p> genre <o> drama film <s> Colossal <p> KMRB film rating <o> 12 <s> Colossal <p> RTC film rating <o> B <s> Colossal <p> ICAA rating <o> not recommended for children under 12 <s> Colossal <p> INCAA film rating <o> +13 <s> Colossal <p> assessment <o> Mako Mori test <s> Colossal <p> genre <o> science fiction action film <s> Colossal <p> cast member <o> Austin Stowell <s> Colossal <p> color <o> color <s> Colossal <p> distributed by <o> Netflix <s> Colossal <p> cast member <o> Agam Darshi <s> Colossal <p> cast member <o> Tim Blake Nelson <s> Colossal <p> composer <o> Bear McCreary <s> Colossal <p> distribution format <o> video on demand <s> Second Battle of Seoul <p> participant <o> United States of America <s> Second Battle of Seoul <p> part of <o> Korean War <s> Second Battle of Seoul <p> location <o> Seoul <s> Second Battle of Seoul <p> instance of <o> battle <s> Second Battle of Seoul <p> country <o> First Republic of South Korea <s> San Francisco <p> different from <o> San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> San Francisco <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−08:00 <s> San Francisco <p> replaces <o> Yerba Buena <s> San Francisco <p> country <o> United States of America <s> San Francisco <p> located in time zone <o> Pacific Time Zone <s> San Francisco <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> San Francisco <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−07:00 <s> San Francisco <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> located in statistical territorial entity <o> San Francisco Bay Area <s> San Francisco <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> significant event <o> 1906 San Francisco earthquake <s> San Francisco <p> significant event <o> 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Paris <s> San Francisco <p> has seal, badge, or sigil <o> Seal of San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> located in/on physical feature <o> San Francisco Peninsula <s> San Francisco <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Pacific Ocean <s> San Francisco <p> economy of topic <o> economy of San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> open data portal <o> datasf <s> San Francisco <p> topic's main template <o> Template:San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> authority <o> City and County of San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> topic's main category <o> Category:San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 10 <s> San Francisco <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> San Francisco <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> San Francisco <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> San Francisco <p> described by source <o> The American Cyclopædia <s> San Francisco <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> San Francisco <p> described by source <o> 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zürich <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lisbon <s> San Francisco <p> capital of <o> San Francisco County <s> San Francisco <p> history of topic <o> history of San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> part of <o> San Francisco–San Mateo–Redwood City metropolitan division <s> San Francisco <p> present in work <o> Federation – The First 150 Years <s> San Francisco <p> has facility <o> Sanisette <s> San Francisco <p> territory overlaps <o> San Francisco–Oakland urbanized area <s> San Francisco <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Death in San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> Köppen climate classification <o> warm-summer Mediterranean climate <s> San Francisco <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> San Francisco <p> coextensive with <o> San Francisco County <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Caracas <s> San Francisco <p> has part(s) of the class <o> neighborhood in San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ho Chi Minh City <s> San Francisco <p> continent <o> North America <s> San Francisco <p> part of <o> San Francisco Bay Area <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Taipei <s> San Francisco <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Abidjan <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Naples <s> San Francisco <p> instance of <o> city <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kiel <s> San Francisco <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> San Francisco <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sydney <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manila <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bengaluru <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barcelona <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Amman <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vladivostok <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Addis Ababa <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cape Town <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Burgas <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seoul <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shanghai <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Thessaloniki <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bucharest <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Assisi <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kraków <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Valparaíso <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Osaka <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Haifa <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cork <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ischia <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Callao <s> San Francisco <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Golden Gate <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Alassio <s> San Francisco <p> located in or next to body of water <o> San Francisco Bay <s> San Francisco <p> shares border with <o> Richmond <s> San Francisco <p> shares border with <o> Daly City <s> San Francisco <p> shares border with <o> Alameda <s> San Francisco <p> shares border with <o> Sausalito <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Caltagirone <s> San Francisco <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> San Francisco <p> named after <o> Francis of Assisi <s> San Francisco <p> shares border with <o> Brisbane <s> San Francisco <p> instance of <o> big city <s> San Francisco <p> founded by <o> Francisco Palóu <s> San Francisco <p> founded by <o> José Joaquín Moraga <s> San Francisco <p> instance of <o> charter city <s> San Francisco <p> twinned administrative body <o> Belém <s> San Francisco <p> head of government <o> London Breed <s> San Francisco <p> instance of <o> sanctuary city <s> San Francisco <p> instance of <o> consolidated city-county <s> San Francisco <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> San Francisco County <s> San Francisco <p> flag <o> flag of San Francisco <s> San Francisco <p> legislative body <o> San Francisco Board of Supervisors <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> location <o> Asia <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> location <o> Seoul <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> country <o> South Korea <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> officially opened by <o> Chun Doo-hwan <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> instance of <o> multi-sport event <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> has part(s) <o> athletics at the 1986 Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> has part(s) <o> badminton at the 1986 Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> sports season of league or competition <o> Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> has part(s) <o> tennis at the 1986 Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> has part(s) <o> boxing at the 1986 Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> has part(s) <o> football at the 1986 Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> has part(s) <o> volleyball at the 1986 Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> has part(s) <o> archery at the 1986 Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> has part(s) <o> judo at the 1986 Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> has part(s) <o> wrestling at the 1986 Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> has part(s) <o> basketball at the 1986 Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> has part(s) <o> taekwondo at the 1986 Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> has part(s) <o> cycling at the 1986 Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> has part(s) <o> rowing at the 1986 Asian Games <s> 1986 Asian Games <p> topic's main category <o> Category:1986 Asian Games <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Berlin <s> Warsaw <p> capital of <o> Poland <s> Warsaw <p> country <o> Poland <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vilnius <s> Warsaw <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sofia <s> Warsaw <p> related category <o> Category:Warsaw-related lists <s> Warsaw <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Warsaw <p> present in work <o> Civilization V <s> Warsaw <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Warsaw <s> Warsaw <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Warsaw <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Warsaw <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Warsaw <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Warsaw <s> Warsaw <p> category for honorary citizens of entity <o> Category:Honorary citizens of Warsaw <s> Warsaw <p> head of government <o> Rafał Trzaskowski <s> Warsaw <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia <s> Warsaw <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Warsaw <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Warsaw <p> member of <o> C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toronto <s> Warsaw <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Warsaw <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Warsaw <p> instance of <o> city <s> Warsaw <p> replaces <o> Warsaw County (1999–2002) <s> Warsaw <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Warsaw <s> Warsaw <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Warsaw <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Istanbul <s> Warsaw <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Vistula <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oslo <s> Warsaw <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Warsaw <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Warsaw <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Warsaw <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chicago <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Astana <s> Warsaw <p> history of topic <o> history of Warsaw <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zagreb <s> Warsaw <p> significant event <o> town privileges <s> Warsaw <p> significant event <o> destruction of Warsaw <s> Warsaw <p> official language <o> Polish <s> Warsaw <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tbilisi <s> Warsaw <p> different from <o> Warszawa <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buenos Aires <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Athens <s> Warsaw <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Warsaw <s> Warsaw <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Warsaw by place <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Düsseldorf <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Budapest <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hanoi <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Taipei <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kyiv <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vienna <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Odesa <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Coventry <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Madrid <s> Warsaw <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Warsaw <s> Warsaw <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Warsaw <s> Warsaw <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Warsaw <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Riga <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Śródmieście <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wawer <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grozny <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bemowo <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tel Aviv <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seoul <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rio de Janeiro <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lviv <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> The Hague <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kharkiv <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Île-de-France <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint-Étienne <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Harbin <s> Warsaw <p> instance of <o> administrative territorial entity <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Diego <s> Warsaw <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Masovian Voivodeship <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Solna Municipality <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Żoliborz <s> Warsaw <p> instance of <o> tourist destination <s> Warsaw <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hamamatsu <s> Warsaw <p> instance of <o> city with powiat rights <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ochota <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wola <s> Warsaw <p> shares border with <o> Powiat piaseczyński <s> Warsaw <p> shares border with <o> Legionowo County <s> Warsaw <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Warsaw <s> Warsaw <p> shares border with <o> Warsaw West County <s> Warsaw <p> shares border with <o> Pruszków County <s> Warsaw <p> shares border with <o> Wołomin County <s> Warsaw <p> shares border with <o> Mińsk County <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Targówek <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ursynów <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rembertów <s> Warsaw <p> instance of <o> largest city <s> Warsaw <p> shares border with <o> Otwock County <s> Warsaw <p> award received <o> Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta <s> Warsaw <p> award received <o> Armia Krajowa Cross <s> Warsaw <p> award received <o> Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari <s> Warsaw <p> award received <o> Cross of the Warsaw Uprising <s> Warsaw <p> award received <o> Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 1st class <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bielany <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Białołęka <s> Warsaw <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Warsaw <p> award received <o> Cross of Independence with Swords <s> Warsaw <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mokotów <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Włochy <s> Warsaw <p> instance of <o> seat of government <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ursus <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wesoła <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wilanów <s> Warsaw <p> award received <o> Order of the Builders of People's Poland <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Praga-Południe <s> Warsaw <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Praga-Północ <s> Warsaw <p> flag <o> flag of Warsaw <s> Seoul Facilities Corporation <p> instance of <o> regional public corporation in South Korea <s> Seoul Facilities Corporation <p> headquarters location <o> Seongdong District <s> Seoul Facilities Corporation <p> legal form <o> state-owned enterprise <s> Seoul Facilities Corporation <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Seoul Facilities Corporation <p> owned by <o> Seoul Metropolitan Government <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> country <o> Japan <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> sports season of league or competition <o> FIFA World Cup <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> country <o> South Korea <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> final event <o> 2002 FIFA World Cup Final <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> sport <o> association football <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Spain national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Germany national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> France national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> England national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Tunisia national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> winner <o> Brazil national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> followed by <o> 2006 FIFA World Cup <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Brazil national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Argentina national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Denmark national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Uruguay national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Croatia national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Sweden national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> follows <o> 1998 FIFA World Cup <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Republic of Ireland national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Incheon Munhak Sports Complex <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> United States men's national soccer team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Belgium national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Mexico national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> International Stadium Yokohama <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Paraguay national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Japan national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> South Africa national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> China national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participant <o> Niko Kovač <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Poland national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Cameroon national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Slovenia national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Seoul World Cup Stadium <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Costa Rica national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Nigeria national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Saudi Arabia national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Senegal national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> statistical leader <o> José Luis Chilavert <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> organizer <o> FIFA <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Saitama Stadium 2002 <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Jeju World Cup Stadium <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Ōita Stadium <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Daegu Stadium <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Turkey national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Portugal national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Busan Asiad Main Stadium <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Daejeon World Cup Stadium <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Gwangju World Cup Stadium <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Suwon World Cup Stadium <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Denka Big Swan Stadium <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Sapporo Dome <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Wing Stadium Kobe <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Yanmar Stadium Nagai <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Kashima Soccer Stadium <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Q&A Stadium Miyagi <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Jeonju World Cup Stadium <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> South Korea national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Italy national association football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Ecuador national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> participating team <o> Russia national football team <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> location <o> Maracanã District <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> competition class <o> men's association football <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> instance of <o> sports season <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> topic's main template <o> Template:2002 FIFA World Cup <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> mascot <o> Ato, Kaz and Nik <s> 2002 FIFA World Cup <p> topic's main category <o> Category:2002 FIFA World Cup <s> Category:People from Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> human <s> Category:People from Seoul <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> Seoul <s> Category:People from Seoul <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place </Graph>

<Text> :When the Empire of Japan annexed the Korean Empire, it made Seoul the colonial capital. While under colonial rule , the city was called Keijo ; . Keijo was an urban city that had 2 wards: Keijo itself and Ryusan-ku . Gyeongseong was part of Gyeonggi Province, instead of being an independent city or prefecture as in Joseon and present days. In 1914, several outer districts of the prefecture were annexed to neighboring Goyang County and recombined some parts of former Gyeongseong districts from Goyang County. The Government-General Building served as the seat of the colonial government of Colonial Korea but was torn down in 1995. Before the battle, North Korea had just one understrength division in the city, with the majority of its forces south of the capital. MacArthur personally oversaw the 1st Marine Regiment as it fought through North Korean positions on the road to Seoul. Control of Operation Chromite was then given to Major General Edward Almond, the X Corps commander. General Almond was in an enormous hurry to capture Seoul by September 25, exactly three months after the North Korean assault across the 38th parallel. The advance on Seoul was slow and bloody after the landings at Inchon. The reason was the appearance in the Seoul area of two first-class fighting units of the Korean People's Army , the 78th Independent Infantry Regiment and 25th Infantry Brigade, about 7,000 troops in all. The KPA launched a T-34 attack, which was trapped and destroyed, and a Yak bombing run in Incheon harbor, which did little damage. The KPA attempted to stall the UN offensive to allow time to reinforce Seoul and withdraw troops from the south. Though warned that the process of taking Seoul would allow remaining KPA forces in the south to escape, MacArthur felt that he was bound to honor promises given to the South Korean government to retake the capital as soon as possible. On the second day, vessels carrying the U.S. Army's 7th Infantry Division arrived in Incheon Harbor. General Almond was eager to get the division into position to block a possible enemy movement from the south of Seoul. On the morning of September 18, the division's 2nd Battalion, 32nd Infantry Regiment landed at Incheon and the remainder of the regiment went ashore later in the day. San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, financial, and cultural center in Northern California. With a population of 808,437 residents as of 2022, San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in the U.S. state of California. The city covers a land area of 46.9 square miles at the end of the San Francisco Peninsula, making it the second-most densely populated large U.S. city after New York City and the fifth-most densely populated U.S. county, behind only four New York City boroughs. Among the 92 U.S. cities proper with over 250,000 residents, San Francisco was ranked first by per capita income and sixth by aggregate income as of 2022. Colloquial nicknames for San Francisco include Frisco, San Fran, The City, and SF . Prior to European settlement, the modern city proper was inhabited by the Yelamu, who spoke a language now referred to as Ramaytush Ohlone. On June 29, 1776, settlers from New Spain established the Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate, and the Mission San Francisco de Asis a few miles away, both named for Francis of Assisi. The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, transforming an unimportant hamlet into a busy port, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time; between 1870 and 1900, approximately one quarter of California's population resided in the city proper. In 1856, San Francisco became a consolidated city-county. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, it was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, it was a major port of embarkation for naval service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. In 1945, the United Nations Charter was signed in San Francisco, establishing the United Nations and in 1951, the Treaty of San Francisco re-established peaceful relations between Japan and the Allied Powers. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, significant immigration, liberalizing attitudes, the rise of the beatnik and hippie countercultures, the sexual revolution, the peace movement growing from opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States. San Francisco and the surrounding San Francisco Bay Area are a global center of economic activity and the arts and sciences, spurred by leading universities, high-tech, healthcare, finance, insurance, real estate, and professional services sectors. As of 2020, the metropolitan area, with 6.7 million residents, ranked 5th by GDP and 2nd by GDP per capita across the OECD countries, ahead of global cities like Paris, London, and Singapore. San Francisco anchors the 13th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the United States with 4.6 million residents, and the fourth-largest by aggregate income and economic output, with a GDP of $729 billion in 2022. The wider San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area is the fifth-most populous, with 9.0 million residents, and the third-largest by economic output, with a GDP of $1.32 trillion in 2022. In the same year, San Francisco proper had a GDP of $252.2 billion, and a GDP per capita of $312,000. San Francisco was ranked fifth in the world and second in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2023. Despite an ongoing post-COVID-19 pandemic exodus of over 30 retail businesses from the northeastern quadrant of San Francisco, including the downtown core, the city is still home to numerous companies inside and outside of technology, including Wells Fargo, Salesforce, Uber, Airbnb, X Corp., Levi's, Gap, Dropbox, and Lyft. In 2022, San Francisco had more than 1.7 million international visitors - the fifth-most visited city from abroad in the United States after New York City, Miami, Orlando, and Los Angeles - and approximately 20 million domestic visitors for a total of 21.9 million visitors. The city is known for its steep rolling hills and eclectic mix of architecture across varied neighborhoods, as well as its cool summers, fog, and landmarks, including the Golden Gate Bridge, cable cars, and Alcatraz, along with the Chinatown and Mission districts. The city is home to a number of educational and cultural institutions, such as the University of California, San Francisco, the University of San Francisco, San Francisco State University, the San Francisco Conservatory of Music, the de Young Museum, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the San Francisco Symphony, the San Francisco Ballet, the San Francisco Opera, the SFJAZZ Center, and the California Academy of Sciences. Two major league sports teams, the San Francisco Giants and the Golden State Warriors, play their home games within San Francisco proper. San Francisco's main international airport offers flights to over 125 destinations while a light rail and bus network, in tandem with the BART and Caltrain systems, connects nearly every part of San Francisco with the wider region. The 1986 Asian Games , officially known as the 10th Asian Games and the X Asiad and commonly known as Seoul 1986 were held from 20 September to 5 October 1986, in Seoul, South Korea. The venues and facilities of the 10th Asiad were the same venues and facilities that would be used in the 1988 Summer Olympics, as it was considered a test event. Seoul had previously been scheduled to host the 1970 games, but it received security threats from neighbouring North Korea, forcing it to give up hosting the games to previous 1966 host Bangkok, Thailand. Communist states Mongolia, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Afghanistan, and South Yemen, as well as Burma, Syrian Arab Republic and Brunei Darussalam boycotted the Games in support of the North Korea failed proposol to host some events during the 1988 Summer Olympics. However,People's Republic of China, which was set to host the next games in Beijing,send a high profile delegation, and ultimately finished at the top of the medal table. Two years later, all except North Korea participated at the 1988 Summer Olympics, although Brunei sent only one official and no athletes. Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.27 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 7th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures 517 km2 and comprises 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers 6,100 km2 . Warsaw is an alpha global city, a major cultural, political and economic hub, and the country's seat of government. It is also capital of the Masovian Voivodeship. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th century, when Sigismund III decided to move the Polish capital and his royal court from Krakow. Warsaw served as the de facto capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795, and subsequently as the seat of Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. The 19th century and its Industrial Revolution brought a demographic boom which made it one of the largest and most densely populated cities in Europe. Known then for its elegant architecture and boulevards, Warsaw was bombed and besieged at the start of World War II in 1939. Much of the historic city was destroyed and its diverse population decimated by the Ghetto Uprising in 1943, the general Warsaw Uprising in 1944 and systematic razing. Warsaw is served by two international airports, the busiest being Warsaw Chopin as well as the smaller Warsaw Modlin intended for low-cost carriers. Major public transport services operating in the city include the Warsaw Metro, buses, commuter rail service and an extensive tram network. The city is a significant centre of research and development, business process outsourcing, and information technology outsourcing. The Warsaw Stock Exchange is the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe. Frontex, the European Union agency for external border security, and ODIHR, one of the principal institutions of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, have their headquarters in Warsaw. As of 2022, Warsaw has one of the highest number of skyscrapers in Europe while Varso Place is the tallest building in the European Union. The city is home to renowned universities such as the University of Warsaw, the Warsaw University of Technology, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Chopin University of Music and Kozminski University. It also hosts the Polish Academy of Sciences, National Philharmonic Orchestra, the National Museum, Zacheta Art Gallery and the Warsaw Grand Theatre, the largest of its kind in the world. The reconstructed Old Town, which represents examples of nearly every European architectural style and historical period, was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1980. Other architectural attractions include the Royal Castle, Sigismund's Column, the Wilanow Palace, the Palace on the Isle, St. John's Archcathedral, Main Market Square, and numerous churches and mansions along the Royal Route. The Warsaw Zoo is among the largest and most-visited zoological gardens in the country. The city possesses thriving arts and club scenes, gourmet restaurants and large urban green spaces, with around a quarter of the city's area occupied by parks. In sports, the city is known as the home of the top-tier football club Legia Warsaw, the Warsaw Marathon and Poland's national football stadium Stadion Narodowy. The 2002 FIFA World Cup, also branded as Korea Japan 2002, was the 17th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial football world championship for men's national teams organized by FIFA. It was held from 31 May to 30 June 2002 at sites in South Korea and Japan, with its final match hosted by Japan at International Stadium in Yokohama. A field of 32 teams qualified for this World Cup, which was the first to be held in Asia, the first to be held outside of the Americas or Europe, as well as the first to be jointly-hosted by more than one nation. China, Ecuador, Senegal, and Slovenia made their World Cup debuts, with Senegal being the only debutant to qualify the group stages and made it to the quarterfinals. The tournament had several upsets and surprise results, which included the defending champions France being eliminated in the group stage after earning a single point without scoring a goal and second favourites Argentina also being eliminated in the group stage. South Korea managed to reach the semi-finals, beating Poland, Portugal, Italy and Spain en route. They became the first team from outside of the UEFA, CONMEBOL, and CONCACAF regions and one of the first Asian teams to reach the semi-finals of a World Cup. However, the most potent team at the tournament, Brazil, prevailed, winning the final against Germany 2-0, making them the first and only country to have won the World Cup five times. The victory qualified Brazil for the 2003 and subsequently 2005 FIFA Confederations Cups, its fourth and fifth Confederations Cup appearance in a row. In the third place play-off match against South Korea, Turkey won 3-2, taking third place in only their second ever FIFA World Cup, and scored the fastest goal in the FIFA World Cup history . The 2002 World Cup was also the last one to use the golden goal rule and the last one to use the same ball for all matches. Starting in 2006 and continuing to the present, a ball with the same technical specifications but different colors has been used in the final. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:Films shot in Seoul <p> category contains <o> film <s> Category:Films shot in Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> Seoul <s> Category:Films shot in Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> filming location <s> Category:Films shot in Seoul <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Films shot in Seoul <p> opposite of <o> Category:Films set in Seoul <s> New Delhi <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> New Delhi <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of New Delhi <s> New Delhi <p> country <o> India <s> New Delhi <p> twinned administrative body <o> Moscow <s> New Delhi <p> different from <o> Delhi <s> New Delhi <p> official language <o> Urdu <s> New Delhi <p> official language <o> Hindi <s> New Delhi <p> capital of <o> India <s> New Delhi <p> twinned administrative body <o> Samarkand <s> New Delhi <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> New Delhi <p> instance of <o> municipality of India <s> New Delhi <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jersey City <s> New Delhi <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+05:30 <s> New Delhi <p> different from <o> Xinde Village <s> New Delhi <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in New Delhi <s> New Delhi <p> topic's main category <o> Category:New Delhi <s> New Delhi <p> authority <o> New Delhi Municipal Council <s> New Delhi <p> official language <o> Punjabi <s> New Delhi <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in New Delhi <s> New Delhi <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from New Delhi <s> New Delhi <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> New Delhi district <s> New Delhi <p> different from <o> New Delhi district <s> New Delhi <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Yamuna <s> Category:Seoul <p> category's main topic <o> Seoul <s> Category:Seoul <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> timeline of Seoul <p> facet of <o> Seoul <s> timeline of Seoul <p> instance of <o> timeline <s> Category:Seoul-related lists <p> category combines topics <o> Seoul <s> Category:Seoul-related lists <p> category combines topics <o> Wikimedia list article <s> Category:Seoul-related lists <p> category contains <o> Wikimedia list article <s> Category:Seoul-related lists <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia lists category <s> Category:Maps of Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> Seoul <s> Category:Maps of Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Category:Maps of Seoul <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> human <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> Seoul <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> honorary citizenship <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Seoul <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> instance of <o> film <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Jeremy Renner <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> narrative location <o> Norway <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> producer <o> Kevin Feige <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> costume designer <o> Alexandra Byrne <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> executive producer <o> Stan Lee <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> performer <o> Brian Tyler <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor - Sci-Fi/Fantasy <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actress - Sci-Fi/Fantasy <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> FSK film rating <o> FSK 12 <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> MPA film rating <o> PG-13 <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Mandla Gaduka <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Kabelo Thai <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Mark Ruffalo <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Chris Hemsworth <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> assessment <o> Bechdel test <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> part of the series <o> Marvel Cinematic Universe <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> country of origin <o> United States of America <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> different from <o> Age of Ultron <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Robert Downey Jr. <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> IFCO rating <o> 12A <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> set in environment <o> fictional country <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Aaron Taylor-Johnson <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> part of the series <o> Marvel Cinematic Universe Phase Two <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> part of the series <o> The Infinity Saga <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> part of the series <o> Avengers <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Josh Brolin <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> award received <o> Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement, Animated Effects in a Live Action Production <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> award received <o> Saturn Award for Best Costume <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> award received <o> Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Scene Stealer <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> screenwriter <o> Stan Lee <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Samuel L. Jackson <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Stan Lee <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> Kijkwijzer rating <o> 12 <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> BBFC rating <o> 12 certificate <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> MTV Movie Award for Best Virtual Performance <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> Annie Award for Outstanding Achievement for Character Animation in a Live Action Production <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> MTV Movie Award for Ensemble Cast <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Arthur Lee <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Isabella Poynton <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Beulah Hashe <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Antony Acheampong <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Earl T. Kim <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Chioma Anyanwu <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Michael Matovski <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Verity Hewlitt <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Mathapelo September <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Alma Noce <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Harriet Manamela <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Namju Go <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Musca Kumalo <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Imogen Poynton <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Sunny Yeo <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Mina Kweon <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> narrative location <o> New York City <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> narrative location <o> London <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> London <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> takes place in fictional universe <o> Marvel Cinematic Universe <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> has characteristic <o> tagline <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> production designer <o> Charles Wood <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> aspect ratio (W:H) <o> 2.35:1 <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> NMHH film rating <o> Category III <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Scarlett Johansson <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> CNC film rating (France) <o> no age restriction <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> original language of film or TV show <o> English <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> South Africa <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Riccardo Richetta <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Constanza Ruff <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Barry Aird <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Tony Christian <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Monty Mclaren-Clark <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Jaiden Stafford <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Ian Kay <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Chris Evans <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> composer <o> Danny Elfman <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Julie Delpy <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Thomas Kretschmann <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Breakout Star <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> has characteristic <o> title for Hispanic America <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> has characteristic <o> title for Spain <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> JMK film rating <o> free from 12 years <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> CNC film rating (Romania) <o> A.G. <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> RTC film rating <o> B <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> soundtrack release <o> Avengers: Age of Ultron <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> ClassInd rating <o> 12 <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Stellan Skarsgård <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> ICAA rating <o> Not recommended for children under 7 <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> director <o> Joss Whedon <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> screenwriter <o> Joss Whedon <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Anthony Mackie <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> screenwriter <o> Jack Kirby <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> Chittagong <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Cobie Smulders <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Andy Serkis <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> production company <o> Marvel Studios <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> Seoul <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> Saturn Award for Best Special Effects <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> voice actor <o> Lou Ferrigno <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> voice actor <o> Kerry Condon <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Julian Bleach <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Brian Schaeffer <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Vuyo Dabula <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Denis Khoroshko <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Dominique Provost-Chalkley <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> distributed by <o> Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> Fort Bard <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> based on <o> Avengers <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> film editor <o> Jeffrey Ford <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Chan Woo Lim <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Ingvild Deila <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Gareth Kieran Jones <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Hlologelo Ledwaba <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Bentley Kalu <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Isaac Andrews <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Chris Luca <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Ben Sakamoto <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie - Sci-Fi/Fantasy <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> Saturn Award for Best Comic-to-Film Motion Picture <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Lex Lang <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Claudia Kim <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Linda Cardellini <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Elizabeth Olsen <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> color <o> color <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> Mapo Bridge <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> Digital Media City <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> MTV Movie Award for Best Movie <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> characters <o> Thor <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> James Spader <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Don Cheadle <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Idris Elba <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> characters <o> Bruce Banner <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> characters <o> Heimdall <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> director of photography <o> Ben Davis <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> Johannesburg <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> Shepperton Studios <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> Hawley <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> Hendon Police College <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> film editor <o> Lisa Lassek <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> RCQ classification <o> G <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> IMDA rating <o> PG13 <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> FPB rating <o> 10-12 PG <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> Medierådet rating <o> For ages 11 and up <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Julia Krynke <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> distributed by <o> Disney+ <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Hayley Atwell <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Paul Bettany <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> Royal Holloway, University of London <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> significant event <o> principal photography <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> characters <o> Maria Hill <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> characters <o> Thanos <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> genre <o> science fiction film <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> significant event <o> première <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Henry Goodman <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> Bourne Wood <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> MTV Movie Award for Best Fight <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> filming location <o> Dover Castle <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> distribution format <o> video on demand <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> composer <o> Brian Tyler <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> main subject <o> artificial intelligence <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> genre <o> superhero film <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Aaron Himelstein <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> distributed by <o> Fórum Hungary <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> MTV Movie Award for Best Hero <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> nominated for <o> MTV Movie Award for Best Villain <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Nondumiso Tembe <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Christopher Beasley <s> Avengers: Age of Ultron <p> cast member <o> Minhee Yeo <s> Category:Births in Seoul <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Births in Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> Seoul <s> Category:Births in Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> place of birth <s> Category:Births in Seoul <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Births in Seoul <p> opposite of <o> Category:Deaths in Seoul <s> economy of Seoul <p> country <o> South Korea <s> economy of Seoul <p> instance of <o> regional economy <s> economy of Seoul <p> location <o> Seoul <s> economy of Seoul <p> subclass of <o> economy of South Korea <s> economy of Seoul <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Economy of Seoul </Graph>

<Text> :New Delhi , historically known as Indraprastha, is the capital of India and a part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi . New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the Government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, Sansad Bhavan, and the Supreme Court. New Delhi is a municipality within the NCT, administered by the NDMC, which covers mostly Lutyens' Delhi and a few adjacent areas. The municipal area is part of a larger administrative district, the New Delhi district. Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi, both are distinct entities, with the municipality and the New Delhi district forming a relatively small part within the megacity of Delhi. The National Capital Region is an even larger entity, comprising the entire NCT along with adjoining districts in the two neighbouring states forming a continuously built-up area with it, including Ghaziabad, Noida, Greater Noida, Meerut, YEIDA City, Gurgaon, and Faridabad. The foundation stone of New Delhi, south of central Delhi was laid by George V during the Delhi Durbar of 1911. It was designed by British architects Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker. The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931, by Viceroy and Governor-General Irwin. Until December 1911, Calcutta was the capital of India during the British Rule. However, it had become the centre of the nationalist movements since the late nineteenth century, which led to the Partition of Bengal by Viceroy Lord Curzon. This created massive political and religious upsurge including political assassinations of British officials in Calcutta. The anti-colonial sentiments among the public led to a complete boycott of British goods, which forced the colonial government to reunite Bengal and immediately shift the capital to New Delhi. Avengers: Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the sequel to The Avengers and the 11th film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . Written and directed by Joss Whedon, the film features an ensemble cast including Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Bettany, Cobie Smulders, Anthony Mackie, Hayley Atwell, Idris Elba, Linda Cardellini, Stellan Skarsgard, James Spader, and Samuel L. Jackson. In the film, the Avengers fight Ultron --an artificial intelligence created by Tony Stark and Bruce Banner --who plans to bring about world peace by causing human extinction. The sequel was announced in May 2012 after the successful release of The Avengers, with Whedon set to return as writer and director in August. Whedon updated Ultron's origin for the film to involve the MCU's Avengers team and introduced the characters Pietro and Wanda Maximoff to whom Marvel shared the rights with 20th Century Fox. Casting began in June 2013 with the re-signing of Downey. Second unit filming began in February 2014 in South Africa with principal photography taking place between March and August, primarily at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England. Additional footage was filmed in Italy, South Korea, Bangladesh, the state of New York, and around England. With an estimated net production budget of $365 million, the film is one of the most expensive films ever made. Avengers: Age of Ultron premiered in Hollywood, Los Angeles, on April 13, 2015, and was released in the United States on May 1, as part of Phase Two of the MCU. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and grossed over $1.4 billion worldwide, becoming the fourth-highest-grossing film of 2015 and the fifth-highest-grossing film of all time during its run. Two sequels have been released: Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame . In the Eastern European country of Sokovia, the Avengers--Tony Stark, Thor, Bruce Banner, Steve Rogers, Natasha Romanoff, and Clint Barton--raid a Hydra facility commanded by Baron Wolfgang von Strucker, who has experimented on humans using the scepter previously wielded by Loki. They meet two of Strucker's test subjects--twins Pietro and Wanda Maximoff --and apprehend Strucker, while Stark retrieves Loki's scepter. Seoul , officially Seoul Special City, serves as the capital of South Korea, and is its most extensive urban center. The broader Seoul Capital Area, encompassing Gyeonggi province and Incheon metropolitan city, emerged as the world's fourth largest metropolitan economy in 2014, trailing only Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles, hosting more than half of South Korea's population. Although Seoul's population peaked at slightly over 10 million, it has gradually decreased since 2014, standing at approximately 9.97 million residents as of 2020. Seoul is the seat of the South Korean government. Seoul's history traces back to 18 BC when it was founded by the people of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. During the Joseon dynasty, Seoul was officially designated as the capital, surrounded by the Fortress Wall of Seoul. In the early 20th century, Seoul was occupied by the Japanese Empire, temporarily renamed "Gyeongseong." The Korean War brought fierce battles, with Seoul changing hands four times and leaving the city mostly in ruins. Nevertheless, the city has since undergone significant reconstruction and rapid urbanization. Seoul was rated Asia's most livable city, with the second-highest quality of life globally according to Arcadis in 2015 and a GDP per capita of approximately $40,000. 15 Fortune Global 500 companies, including industry giants such as Samsung, LG, and Hyundai, are headquartered in the Seoul Capital Area, which has major technology hubs, such as Gangnam and Digital Media City. Seoul is ranked seventh in the Global Power City Index and the Global Financial Centres Index, and is one of the five leading hosts of global conferences. The city has also hosted major events such as the 1986 Asian Games, the 1988 Summer Olympics, and the 2010 G20 Seoul summit. Seoul is geographically set in a mountainous and hilly terrain, with Bukhan Mountain positioned on its northern edge. Within the Seoul Capital Area lie five UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeok Palace, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine, Namhansanseong, and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon dynasty. Furthermore, Seoul has witnessed a surge in modern architectural development, with iconic landmarks including the N Seoul Tower, the 63 Building, the Lotte World Tower, the Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Lotte World, the Trade Tower, COEX, IFC Seoul, and Parc1. Seoul was named the World Design Capital in 2010 and has served as the national hub for the music, entertainment, and cultural industries that have propelled K-pop and the Korean Wave to international prominence. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Public data for all Seoul citizens <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Public data for all Seoul citizens <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Public data for all Seoul citizens <p> language of work or name <o> Korean <s> Public data for all Seoul citizens <p> main subject <o> Seoul <s> Public data for all Seoul citizens <p> instance of <o> open data portal <s> Public data for all Seoul citizens <p> owned by <o> Seoul Metropolitan Government <s> Category:Deaths in Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> Seoul <s> Category:Deaths in Seoul <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Seoul <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Seoul <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Seoul <p> opposite of <o> Category:Births in Seoul <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> country of origin <o> Japan <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> country of origin <o> South Korea <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> different from <o> Seoul <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> original language of film or TV show <o> Korean <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> original language of film or TV show <o> Japanese <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> narrative location <o> Seoul <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> instance of <o> film <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> cast member <o> Tomoya Nagase <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> genre <o> action film <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> cast member <o> Choi Min-soo <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> performer <o> Norihito Sumitomo <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> director <o> Masahiko Nagasawa <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> distributed by <o> Toho <s> Showdown in Seoul <p> director of photography <o> Hideo Yamamoto <s> Bandung City <p> country <o> Indonesia <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seoul <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brunswick <s> Bandung City <p> shares border with <o> Bandung <s> Bandung City <p> shares border with <o> West Bandung <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yingkou <s> Bandung City <p> capital of <o> West Java <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cuenca <s> Bandung City <p> shares border with <o> Cimahi City <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cotabato <s> Bandung City <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> West Java <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Liuzhou <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Namur <s> Bandung City <p> history of topic <o> history of Bandung <s> Bandung City <p> owner of <o> Gedebage Stadium <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hamamatsu <s> Bandung City <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Bandung <s> Bandung City <p> instance of <o> city of Indonesia <s> Bandung City <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Bandung <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Batununggal <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bojongloa Kaler <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cibeunying Kidul <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bandung Wetan <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cibeunying Kaler <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bojongloa Kidul <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Buahbatu <s> Bandung City <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Bandung <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mandalajati <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gedebage <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kiaracondong <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rancasari <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Panyileukan <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lengkong <s> Bandung City <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+07:00 <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ujungberung <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sumur Bandung <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Regol <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sukasari <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sukajadi <s> Bandung City <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Bandung <s> Bandung City <p> open data portal <o> Bandung Open Data Portal <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kawasaki <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fort Worth <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toyota <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shenzhen <s> Bandung City <p> head of government <o> Yana Mulyana <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Andir <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Petaling Jaya <s> Bandung City <p> twinned administrative body <o> Suwon <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cibiru <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Coblong <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cicendo <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cinambo <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cidadap <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Arcamanik <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Babakanciparay <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bandung Kidul <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bandung Kulon <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Antapani <s> Bandung City <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Astana Anyar <s> Bandung City <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Bandung City <p> member of <o> World Tourism Cities Federation <s> Bandung City <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Bandung <s> Bandung City <p> capital of <o> Pasundan <s> Guam <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Guam <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> United States of America <s> Guam <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Pacific Ocean <s> Guam <p> Wikimedia outline <o> outline of Guam <s> Guam <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Guam <p> lowest point <o> Pacific Ocean <s> Guam <p> language used <o> English <s> Guam <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Guam <s> Guam <p> related category <o> Category:Guam-related lists <s> Guam <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Guam <s> Guam <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manila <s> Guam <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Guam <s> Guam <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Guam <s> Guam <p> continent <o> Insular Oceania <s> Guam <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seoul <s> Guam <p> different from <o> GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development <s> Guam <p> language used <o> Chamorro <s> Guam <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+10:00 <s> Guam <p> twinned administrative body <o> Riga <s> Guam <p> twinned administrative body <o> Taipei <s> Guam <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Guam <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Guam <s> Guam <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Guam <p> described by source <o> The American Cyclopædia <s> Guam <p> described by source <o> 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica <s> Guam <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Guam <p> capital <o> Hagåtña <s> Guam <p> shares border with <o> Federated States of Micronesia <s> Guam <p> official symbol <o> Guam Rail <s> Guam <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Guam <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hagåtña <s> Guam <p> emergency phone number <o> 911 <s> Guam <p> history of topic <o> history of Guam <s> Guam <p> official language <o> English <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yona <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mangilao <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Agana Heights <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Barrigada <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Merizo <s> Guam <p> geography of topic <o> geography of Guam <s> Guam <p> shares border with <o> Northern Mariana Islands <s> Guam <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Guam <s> Guam <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Guam <s> Guam <p> twinned administrative body <o> Olongapo <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tamuning <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asan-Maina <s> Guam <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Guam <s> Guam <p> official language <o> Chamorro <s> Guam <p> top-level Internet domain <o> .gu <s> Guam <p> instance of <o> insular area of the United States <s> Guam <p> instance of <o> territory of the United States <s> Guam <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Guam <s> Guam <p> category of associated people <o> Category:Guamanian people <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Piti <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Talofofo <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Inalåhan <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yigo <s> Guam <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mongmong-Toto-Maite <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sånta Rita-Sumai <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dededo <s> Guam <p> head of government <o> Lou Leon Guerrero <s> Guam <p> instance of <o> country for sports <s> Guam <p> currency <o> United States dollar <s> Guam <p> part of <o> Micronesia <s> Guam <p> instance of <o> island <s> Guam <p> driving side <o> right <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Umatac <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hågat <s> Guam <p> office held by head of government <o> Governor of Guam <s> Guam <p> anthem <o> Stand Ye Guamanians <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chalan Pago-Ordot <s> Guam <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sinajana <s> Guam <p> electrical plug type <o> NEMA 1-15 <s> Guam <p> electrical plug type <o> NEMA 5-15 <s> Guam <p> flag <o> flag of Guam <s> Guam <p> executive body <o> Government of Guam <s> Guam <p> instance of <o> unincorporated territory of the United States <s> Guam <p> part of <o> European Union tax haven blacklist <s> Guam <p> highest judicial authority <o> Supreme Court of Guam <s> Guam <p> has part(s) of the class <o> village of Guam <s> Guam <p> foundational text <o> Guam Organic Act of 1950 <s> Guam <p> legislative body <o> Legislature of Guam <s> Guam <p> archives at <o> Office of Vital Statistics <s> Guam <p> highest point <o> Mount Lamlam <s> Guam <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Guam <s> Seocho District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Seocho District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Seocho District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Seocho District <p> twinned administrative body <o> City of Perth <s> Seocho District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Seocho District <s> Mapo District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Mapo District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Mapo District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Mapo District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mapo District <s> Seodaemun District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Seodaemun District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Seodaemun District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Seodaemun District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Seodaemun District <s> Incheon <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Incheon <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Incheon <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vladivostok <s> Incheon <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> South Korea <s> Incheon <p> different from <o> Icheon <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Philadelphia <s> Incheon <p> present in work <o> Operation Chromite <s> Incheon <p> shares border with <o> Seoul <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manila <s> Incheon <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Incheon <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Incheon <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Incheon <s> Incheon <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Incheon <s> Incheon <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Incheon <s> Incheon <p> owner of <o> Incheon Asiad Main Stadium <s> Incheon <p> owner of <o> Incheon Subway Line 1 <s> Incheon <p> instance of <o> metropolitan city of South Korea <s> Incheon <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Incheon <p> shares border with <o> Gyeonggi <s> Incheon <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chongqing <s> Incheon <p> official language <o> Korean <s> Incheon <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Incheon <s> Incheon <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Incheon <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rio de Janeiro <s> Incheon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ganghwa County <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tel Aviv <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Anchorage <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Honolulu <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tianjin <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Panama City <s> Incheon <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Incheon <s> Incheon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ongjin County <s> Incheon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gyeyang District <s> Incheon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jung District <s> Incheon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Seo District <s> Incheon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yeonsu District <s> Incheon <p> owner of <o> Songdo LNG Baseball Stadium <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yokohama <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seongbuk District <s> Incheon <p> head of government <o> Paul Yoo <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Haiphong <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dalian <s> Incheon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dong District <s> Incheon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Namdong District <s> Incheon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bupyeong District <s> Incheon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Michuhol District <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Burbank <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Honolulu County <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mérida <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wenzhou <s> Incheon <p> executive body <o> Incheon Metropolitan Government <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kobe <s> Incheon <p> legislative body <o> Incheon Metropolitan Council <s> Incheon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kitakyushu <s> Guro District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Guro District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Guro District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Issy-les-Moulineaux <s> Guro District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Guro District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Guro District, Seoul </Graph>

<Text> :Guam is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. Guam's capital is Hagatna, and the most populous village is Dededo. It is the westernmost point and territory of the United States, reckoned from the geographic center of the U.S. In Oceania, Guam is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia. Indigenous Guamanians are the Chamorro, who are related to the Austronesian peoples of the Malay archipelago, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Polynesia. But unlike most of its neighbors, the Chamorro language is not classified as a Micronesian or Polynesian language. Rather, like Palauan, it possibly constitutes an independent branch of the Malayo-Polynesian language family. As of 2022, Guam's population was 168,801. Chamorros are the largest ethnic group, but a minority on the multi-ethnic island. The territory spans 210 square miles and has a population density of 775 per square mile . The Chamorro people settled Guam and the Mariana islands approximately 3,500 years ago. Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, while in the service of Spain, was the first European to visit and claim the island on March 6, 1521. Guam was fully colonized by Spain in 1668. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, Guam was an important stopover for Spanish Manila galleons. During the Spanish-American War, the United States captured Guam on June 21, 1898. Under the 1898 Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded Guam to the U.S. effective April 11, 1899. Before World War II, Guam was one of five American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean, along with Wake Island in Micronesia, American Samoa and Hawaii in Polynesia, and the Philippines. On December 8, 1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese, who occupied the island for two and a half years. During the occupation, Guamanians were subjected to forced labor, incarceration, torture and execution. American forces recaptured the island on July 21, 1944, which is commemorated as Liberation Day. Since the 1960s, Guam's economy has been supported primarily by tourism and the U.S. military, for which Guam is a major strategic asset. Its future political status has been a matter of significant discussion, with public opinion polls indicating a strong preference for American statehood. An unofficial but frequently used territorial motto is "Where America's Day Begins", which refers to the island's proximity to the International Date Line. Guam is among the 17 non-self-governing territories listed by the United Nations, and has been a member of the Pacific Community since 1983. Seocho District is one of the 25 local government districts which make up the city of Seoul, South Korea. Seocho is a part of the Gangnam region, along with the Gangnam district of Seoul. Seocho District ranks as one of the richest neighborhoods in South Korea and among the most expensive areas in Seoul with an average sales price of 47.75 million South Korean won per 3.3 square meters. Many of the wealthiest residents are concentrated in the three Gangnam districts including Seocho, known as Gangnam School District Eight . Seocho District was established by Gangnam District in 1988, yet remains significantly connected to Gangnam and it is itself in terms of administration, geography, society, and economics. The name 'Seocho District' itself is derived from Seocho-dong, where Gangnam Station is located, which was originally under Gangnam District's jurisdiction. Consequently, the term 'Gangnam' is essentially shared between Gangnam District and Seocho District. Key commercial areas of the Gangnam downtown district, particularly around major subway stations such as Sinsa Station, Nonhyeon Station, and Sinnonhyeon Station, are physically indistinct from Gangnam District and are entirely managed by Seocho District. Seocho District is served by the Seoul Subway Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 7, Line 9, and Shinbundang Line. South Korea's longest highway, Gyeongbu Expressway, also ends in Seocho. The most crowded area in Korea, Gangnam-daero Gangnam Station, is located in this District. Seocho District was once the capital of the Baekje Kingdom which existed between 18 BC and 660 AD. At the time, the area was named Wiryesong and was located in the western area of present-day Seocho-gu. Located next to the Hangang River, the area which present Seocho-gu currently occupies is sometimes considered the cradle of Korean civilization, having been inhabited since prehistoric times. Development of the area first began in 1965 with plans to turn the land into a secondary hub of the metropolis. Over the course of 20 years, the area was transformed from its rural beginnings into an urban center with a population of around 400,000. Seocho District was officially established in January 1988, separating from the Gangnam-gu jurisdiction. Mapo has a population of 381,330 and has a geographic area of 23.87 km2 , and is divided into 24 dong . Mapo is located in western Seoul on the northern bank of the Han River, bordering the Gyeonggi Province city of Goyang to the northwest, and the Seoul city districts of Gangseo to the west, Yeongdeungpo to the south, Yongsan to the southeast, Jung to the east, and Seodaemun and Eunpyeong to the north. Mapo is home to several universities and government buildings, and is well known for the Hongdae club district around Hongik University. Mapo is connected to the Seoul Metropolitan Subway's Line 2, Line 5, and Line 6, as well as the Airport Railroad, and the Korail Gyeongui-Jungang Line, which all pass through this district. The Seoul World Cup Stadium, a famous landmark in Seoul, is located in Sangam in northwest Mapo. Mapo District Office is located in Seongsan-2 precinct, near World Cup Stadium . Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 6 passes near the office, and it has a station name "Mapo-gu Office" 150 metres east of the office. The district office has 5 Bureaus, 1 Community Health Center, 36 Divisions, 1 Room, 1 Task Force Team, 16 Community Service Centers. Mapo District Office employs about 1,300 personnels. The entire office is headed by Administrator. Current Administrator is Hong-seop Park . Seodaemun has a population of 313,814 and has a geographic area of 17.61 km2 , and is divided into 14 dong . Seodaemun is located in northwestern Seoul, bordering the city districts of Eunpyeong to the northwest, Mapo to the southwest, Jung to the southeast, and Jongno to the east. Seodaemun is part of the Seongjeosimni area and is named after Donuimun, one of the Eight Gates of Seoul which was formerly located within the district. Seodaemun is home to Seodaemun Independence Park, which contains several historic monuments and buildings such as the Seodaemun Prison museum and the Independence Gate. Private institutions offering higher education in Seodaemun District are Chugye University for the Arts, Ewha Womans University, Kyonggi University, Methodist Theological University, Myongji College, Myongji University, Seoul School of Integrated Sciences & Technologies, Seoul Women's College of Nursing, and Yonsei University. Seodaemun District also has a public library called Lee Jin Ah Memorial Library. The construction of the library was made possible through a generous donation by the parents of the namesake Lee. Lee's Parents, after losing Lee in a tragic lethal accident, wanted to commemorate the life of their daughter who enjoyed reading. Since the opening on Lee's anniversary in 2005, the main library now has approximately over 76,000 books. Incheon , formerly Jemulpo or Chemulp'o until the period after 1910, officially the Incheon Metropolitan City , is a city located in northwestern South Korea, bordering Seoul and Gyeonggi to the east. Inhabited since the Neolithic, Incheon was home to just 4,700 people when it became an international port in 1883. Today, about 3 million people live in the city, making it South Korea's third-most-populous city after Seoul and Busan. The city's growth has been assured in modern times with the development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city and its proximity to the South Korean capital. It is part of the Seoul Capital Area, along with Seoul itself and Gyeonggi Province, forming the world's fourth-largest metropolitan area by population. Incheon has since led the economic development of South Korea by opening its port to the outside world, ushering in the modernization of South Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as South Korea's first free economic zone. Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in the Incheon Free Economic Zone, including Samsung which chose Songdo International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry. As an international city, Incheon has held numerous large-scale international conferences, such as the Incheon Global Fair & Festival in 2009. The 17th Asian Games Incheon 2014 was also held in Incheon on 19 September 2014. Incheon has established itself as a major transportation hub in northeast Asia with the Incheon International Airport and Incheon Port. The large volume of port traffic makes Incheon a Large-Port Metropolis using the Southampton System of Port-City classification. Guro District is a district of Seoul, South Korea, which was separated from Yeongdeungpo District on April 1, 1980. Located in the southwestern part of the city, where besides Yangcheon District and Geumcheon District Guro District has an important position as a transport link which contains railroads, land routes from the rest of Seoul to the south of the country. The Gyeongbu and Gyeongin railway lines connect Seoul to Busan and Incheon. In addition, Seoul Metropolitan Subway lines 1, 2, and 7, and major highways intersect in Guro District. A digital industrial complex is located in Guro District. The Guro Digital Industrial Complex, which played a leading industrial role mainly with textile manufacturing, dressmaking and other labour-intensive industries in 1967, has been rapidly changed into an IT industrial complex. This complex played a pivotal role in the economic growth of the South Korea's development era, referred to as the "Miracle on the Han River", and also contributed 10 percent of national export in the 1970s. Twenty-one percent of the total area of Guro District is a restricted zone to be used as a greenbelt with the only arboretum in Seoul. The zone is changing into a lively district as large labour-intensive factories are moving from the area and the council is developing what it terms its four zones. An "e-government" system based on this hosted the international e-participation forum on February 7-9, 2007, with the participation of more than thirty-seven countries. The forum was launched with the theme "Promoting Democracy and Regional Development" and twenty-five mayors including Andre Santini , Kevin Foy , Apirak Kosayothin , Uvais Mohamed Emthiyas , and world experts such as Dr William H. Dutton and Dr Ari-Veiko Anttiroiko participated in the forum. The Guro Declaration, adopted during the forum, aims to set up a portal site for e-government development and to establish a concrete project in order to bridge the digital divide among the world's cities. This practice has been recognised for providing a new important step in the development of e-democracy. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Gwanak District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Gwanak District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Gwanak District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Gwanak District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gwanak District <s> Gwangjin District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Gwangjin District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Gwangjin District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Gwangjin District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gwangjin District <s> Yeongdeungpo District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Yeongdeungpo District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Yeongdeungpo District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Yeongdeungpo District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Yeongdeungpo District <s> Jongno District <p> associated electoral district <o> Jongno–Jung <s> Jongno District <p> associated electoral district <o> Jongno, Seoul <s> Jongno District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Jongno District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Jongno District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Jongno District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jeongeup <s> Jongno District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Jongno District <s> Jung District <p> associated electoral district <o> Jung–Seongdong B <s> Jung District <p> associated electoral district <o> Jung-gu <s> Jung District <p> associated electoral district <o> Jongno–Jung <s> Jung District <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Jung-gu, Seoul <s> Jung District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Jung District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Jung District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Jung District <p> capital of <o> Seoul <s> Jung District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Jung District, Seoul <s> Songpa District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Songpa District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Songpa District <p> part of <o> Seoul <s> Songpa District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Songpa District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Steglitz-Zehlendorf <s> Songpa District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Christchurch <s> Songpa District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Songpa District <s> Seongdong District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Seongdong District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Seongdong District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Seongdong District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Seongdong District <s> Seongbuk District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Seongbuk District <s> Seongbuk District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Seongbuk District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Seongbuk District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Incheon <s> Seongbuk District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Seongbuk District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jecheon <s> Seongbuk District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Icheon <s> Seongbuk District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Samcheok <s> Seongbuk District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beyoğlu <s> Seongbuk District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shunyi District <s> Seongbuk District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Damyang County <s> Seongbuk District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gochang County <s> Seongbuk District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yeongwol County <s> Geumcheon District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Geumcheon District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Geumcheon District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Geumcheon District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Geumcheon District <s> Nowon District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Nowon District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Nowon District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Nowon District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Nowon District </Graph>

<Text> :Gwanak District is an administrative subdivision of Seoul, South Korea. It lies on the southern skirt of Seoul, bordering Anyang of Gyeonggi Province. The southern border of Gwanak-gu, bordering Anyang, consists of the craggy ridgeline of Gwanaksan , which dominates the local geography. Originally a part of Siheung, Gyeonggi, it was transferred to Seoul with the rapid expansion of the National Capital Area and its population growth in 1960s. Partitioned from Yeongdeungpo District and established as a district in 1973, it now neighbours the Seocho, Dongjak, Guro, and Geumcheon Districts, and exercises jurisdiction over 21 neighbourhoods , with a population of 500,000. Gwanak District is densely populated with over 500,000 people. While it was once a rural area dominated by the presence of Gwanaksan , population booms in the late 1950s and early 1960s, accompanied by rapid industrialization of the capital area, quickly changed the town into a mosaic of dense residential and industrial areas. Large slum quarters were formed by migrant populations from all over Korea who sought jobs in industrialized Seoul. A series of redevelopment projects starting in the 1970s, and the relocation of Seoul National University to the district, led to a reduction of slum quarters and indigent textile industries and transformed the town into a residential uptown neighborhood of Seoul. The area is also heavily populated by university students from surrounding provinces. Central commercial zones include the Seorim and Daehak area and the Cheongnyong area near Seoul National University. These areas also form a large zone of private dormitories and small houses, which primarily target university students and national examination takers looking for an environment that is favorable for studying. Restaurants, supermarkets, bars and pubs in the area are centered in Nokdu Street in the Daehak area and near Seoul National University Station. Other commercial zones for residents are located along the Nambu Beltway and two main roads. Gwangjin District is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. It is located on the north bank of the Han River on the eastern end of Seoul. The district was split from the neighboring Seongdong District in 1995. Gwangjin District is characterized by a remarkable variety in its composition. It is home to the Konkuk University campus, the vicinity of which is one of Seoul's top nightlife destinations, as well as Children's Grand Park, an equally popular attraction for children and families. The south bank overlooking the Han River is a densely packed residential district, where high-rise apartment buildings dominate the skyline, yet the heart and northern end of the district are centers for light industry and manufacturing. The district is also a hub for transportation and mail in and out of Seoul, as the Dong Seoul Bus Terminal and the East-Seoul Postal Service Depot link Seoul with most other major cities in Korea. Most of the remaining area is residential, but consist not of apartment buildings characteristic of the city, but of three or four-story row houses separated by small roads and alleyways. The Konkuk University area is a popular nightlife district featuring dozens of restaurants, bars, DVD rooms, and pool houses catering to a mostly younger crowd, much like the areas of Sinchon and Hongdae. The area is also a burgeoning shopping district with several boutiques cropping up within the newly designated Rodeo Street and the opening of the Star City mall, which features numerous restaurants and specialty shops. In the centre of Gwangjin District is Gangbyeon subway station. On the left of the station is Dong Seoul Bus Terminal, where buses serve various destinations including Busan, Gwangju, Daegu, and Daejeon. Yeongdeungpo District is an administrative district in southwest Seoul, South Korea. Although the origin of the name is uncertain, the first two syllables are thought to be from "yeongdeung" or "divine ascent", a shamanic rite. The third syllable is "po", representing the bank of a river , referring to the district's position on the Han River. The 2006 population was 408,819. There are 22 administrative "dong" and 34 legal "dong". Yeouido-dong is the largest in area and takes up about 34% of the land. The total area is 24.56 km2 , making up 4% of Seoul's land. The annual budget is approximately 2 billion won. Yeongdeungpo District has been heavily developed as an office, commercial, and residential district. Yeouido Dong is home to DLI 63 Building, the highest office building in South Korea and currently the 3rd tallest building in the country. The National Assembly Building is located in Yeouido-dong. Other organisations, such as the Financial Union of Korea are also based in Yeongdeungpo. There are also mass-media corporations in the area, including Kookmin Newspaper Corporation, Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation, and Korean Broadcasting System. Except for Yeouido and Yanghwa-dong, Yeongdeungpo belonged to old Siheung County. In 1936, Yeongdeungpo was annexed to Gyeongseong . In 1949, some parts of Siheung County were ceded to Yeongdeungpo District of Seoul. These sections are today's Guro-dong, Sindorim-dong, Daerim-dong and Sindaebang-dong. It is one of the sub-centers of Seoul, and the Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 1 passes. Among the areas south of the Han River in present-day Seoul, it was the first to be incorporated into Seoul. Jongno District is a district in central Seoul, South Korea. It is the historic center of Seoul, and contains the Joseon-era royal palace Gyeongbokgung and the former presidential residence, the Blue House. In Korean, the name 'Jongno' means Bell Street. Jongno district is named after the road Jongno, which is a major trunk road running through the center of the district. The bell in question refers to Bosingak belfry, which sits at Jonggak intersection, on Jongno road. Jongno has been the center of the city for 600 years, since it is where the Joseon dynasty established its capital city. The district is commonly referred to as the face and heart of Korea because of its important roles in the politics, economics, culture, and history as the capital city. Jongno District is home to palaces in which the kings used to reside and work, such as Gyeongbokgung, Changdeokgung, Changgyeonggung, and Unhyeongung. The South Korean president's former residence, the Blue House, is also located in the Jongno District. Jongno is also popular with tourists. Tourist attractions include the restored Cheonggyecheon stream, the traditional neighborhood of Insa-dong, the Confucian Jongmyo shrine, and Jogyesa, the chief temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. The district also has a number of museums, including Art Center Nabi and Gahoe Museum. It also has the main campuses of Sungkyunkwan University and Baewha Women's University. Songpa District is a district of Seoul, South Korea. Previously known as Wiryeseong, the first capital of the ancient kingdom of Baekje, Songpa is located in the southeastern part of Seoul. With roughly 647,000 residents, Songpa is also the largest district in Seoul by population. In 18 BCE, the kingdom of Baekje founded its capital city, Wiryeseong , in what is believed to be the modern-day Songpa District. Baekje subsequently developed from a member state of the Mahan confederacy into one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Several remains of city fortresses dating from this time exist in the Seoul area. Pungnap Toseong , an earthen wall in Pungnap-dong in the southeastern part of Seoul, is widely believed to be the site of Wiryeseong. Another earthen wall, Mongchon Toseong , is located nearby and also dates back to the early Baekje era. Songpa hosted the 1986 Asian Games, the 1988 Summer Olympics, and the 1988 Summer Paralympics. Seoul Olympic Stadium and Olympic Park were constructed for these events, along with a multi-lane expressway, large-scale apartment complexes, and commercial facilities. When Seoul was expanding outward on its size, many parts of Gyeonggi Province were merged to Seongdong District. However, due to its extraordinarily huge size, Seoul Metropolitan Government divided the district into 5 , and made Seongdong District cede some part of the district to Jung District. Yeongdeungpo District, Seodaemun District, Seongbuk District, and Dongdaemun District underwent similar changes. Seongbuk District is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. The district is located in the mid-north part of the city. The current Mayor is Kim Young-bae , who has been mayor since July 1, 2010. Seongbuk-gu was established under Presidential Decree No. 159 on August 13, 1949 , and was promoted to a autonomous district by implementing a Gu-level local government on May 1, 1988. Geumcheon District is one of the 25 gu of Seoul, South Korea. It was created from southern parts of Guro-gu and tiny sections from Gwangmyeong in 1995. Its district office is located in front of Siheung Station, now Geumcheon-gu Office Station, in Siheung-dong. Geumcheon-gu is located in the southwest corner of the city, south of the Han River. It is bordered on the west by the Anyang River, and partially on the east by Gwanak Mountain, a dominating part of Seoul's southern skyline. Many technology companies are housed in Geumcheon-gu and several large headquarters are located here, albeit the income level of Seoulites here is lower than average. The Gyeongbu railway from Seoul Station to Busan station passes through, as well as Seoul Subway Lines 1 and 7. Nowon District is a residential district of Seoul, South Korea, located in the most northeastern part of the metropolitan city. It has the highest population density in Seoul, with 619,509 people living in the area of 35.44 km2. Nowon District was formed in 1988 by splitting from Dobong District. The sixteen administrative neighborhoods comprising Dobong-dong, Chang-dong, Wolgye-dong, Gongneung-dong, Hagye-dong, Junggye-dong, and Sanggye-dong became a part of the new Nowon District. The following year, Dobong-dong and Chang-dong were returned to Dobong District. Nowon District is home to numerous educational institutes such as Kwangwoon University, Sahmyook University, the Korea Military Academy, Sejong Science High School, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Induk University, and Seoul Women's University. The large number of schools, universities, and hagwon have given the "gu" the reputation of being the so-called "educational district" of northern Seoul, just like Gangnam and Seocho Districts of southern Seoul. Kim Seong-hwan of the Democratic Party had been the mayor of the district from July 2010 to February 2018, when Kim resigned to run for the by-election of a National Assembly seat held in the district, which was vacated by Ahn Cheol-soo's resignation. Kim's bid was successful and the mayoral office is succeeded to Oh Seung-rok, also a member of Democratic Party. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Dobong District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Dobong District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Dobong District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Dobong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ssangmun-dong <s> Dobong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chang-dong <s> Dobong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Banghak-dong <s> Dobong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dobong-dong <s> Dobong District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Dobong District <s> Gangbuk District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Gangbuk District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yogyakarta City <s> Gangbuk District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Gangbuk District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Songjung-dong <s> Gangbuk District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Samyang-dong <s> Gangbuk District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Beon-dong <s> Gangbuk District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Suyu-dong <s> Gangbuk District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Gangbuk District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Mia-dong <s> Gangbuk District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ui-dong <s> Gangbuk District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Songcheon-dong <s> Gangbuk District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Insu-dong <s> Gangbuk District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Samgaksan-dong <s> Gangbuk District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gangbuk District <s> Gangseo District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Gangseo District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Gangseo District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Otaru <s> Gangseo District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jeongeup <s> Gangseo District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Gangseo District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gangseo District, Seoul <s> Gangdong District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Gangdong District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gangdong District <s> Gangdong District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Gangdong District <p> different from <o> Koto <s> Gangdong District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Gangdong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Myeongil-dong <s> Gangdong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Godeok-dong <s> Gangdong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cheonho-dong <s> Gangdong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Seongnae-dong <s> Gangdong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gil-dong <s> Gangdong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dunchon-dong <s> Gangdong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sangil-dong <s> Gangdong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Amsa-dong <s> Gangdong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gangil-dong <s> Gangdong District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Segovia <s> Gangdong District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Musashino <s> Jungnang District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Jungnang District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Jungnang District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Jungnang District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Meguro-ku <s> Jungnang District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Jungnang District <s> Yongsan District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Yongsan District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Yongsan District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Yongsan District <s> Yongsan District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Yongsan District <p> part of <o> Seoul <s> Yongsan District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Qui Nhơn <s> Yangcheon District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Yangcheon District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Yangcheon District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Yangcheon District <s> Yangcheon District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Eunpyeong District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Eunpyeong District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Eunpyeong District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Eunpyeong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Daejo-dong <s> Eunpyeong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Galhyeon-dong <s> Eunpyeong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Eungam-dong <s> Eunpyeong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Susaek-dong <s> Eunpyeong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bulgwang-dong <s> Eunpyeong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jeungsan-dong <s> Eunpyeong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yeokchon-dong <s> Eunpyeong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gusan-dong <s> Eunpyeong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sinsa-dong <s> Eunpyeong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jingwan-dong <s> Eunpyeong District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nokbeon-dong <s> Eunpyeong District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Eunpyeong District <s> Dongdaemun District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Dongdaemun District <s> Dongdaemun District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Dongdaemun District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Dongdaemun District <p> instance of <o> human settlement <s> Dongdaemun District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Dongdaemun District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dapsimni-dong <s> Dongdaemun District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Cheongnyangni-dong <s> Dongdaemun District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yongsin-dong <s> Dongdaemun District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Imun-dong <s> Dongdaemun District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jangan-dong <s> Dongdaemun District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hoegi-dong <s> Dongdaemun District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sinseol-dong <s> Dongdaemun District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jeonnong-dong <s> Dongdaemun District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jegi-dong <s> Dongdaemun District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hwigyeong-dong <s> Dongjak District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Dongjak District <s> Dongjak District <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Dongjak District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Dongjak District <p> instance of <o> district of Seoul <s> Dongjak District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tahara <s> Dongjak District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pinggu District <s> Dongjak District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Daebang-dong <s> Dongjak District <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dunhua <s> Dongjak District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Noryangjin-dong <s> Dongjak District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Heukseok-dong <s> Dongjak District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sangdo-dong <s> Dongjak District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sindaebang-dong <s> Dongjak District <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sadang-dong </Graph>

<Text> :Dobong District is one of the 25 districts of Seoul, South Korea. As of 2020, Dobong has a population of 315,979 and an area of 20.71 square kilometres , and is divided into four administrative neighborhoods. The district is located in northeastern Seoul, bordering the Gyeonggi Province cities of Yangju and Uijeongbu to the north, and the districts of Gangbuk to the southwest and Nowon to the east. Dobong District was created in 1973 by splitting 22 administrative neighborhoods off from Seongbuk District. By 1979, some of these 22 original administrative neighborhoods had been subdivided, increasing the number of administrative neighborhoods in Dobong District to 35. In 1988, the sixteen administrative neighborhoods in Dobong-dong, Chang-dong, Wolgye-dong, Gongneung-dong, Hagye-dong, Junggye-dong, and Sanggye-dong were split off to form Nowon District, though the following year Dobong-dong and Chang-dong were returned to Dobong District. Then in 1995, the 18 administrative neighborhoods in Mia-dong, Suyu-dong, and Beon-dong were split off to form Gangbuk District, leaving Dobong District with its present 14 administrative neighborhoods. Gangbuk District is one of the 25 gu which make up the city of Seoul, South Korea. Its name is derived from it being located at the north of Han river. It was created from neighbouring Dobong District in 1995. The current mayor is Park Gyeom-su. Jungbu Express Motorway starts in and passes through Sangil-dong, which is located in the east end of this district. In Amsa-dong, there is a pre-historic heritage site, which is about six thousand years old. On the site, you can find many potteries and houses. The pottery which has been found was made of ceramic and is circular and shaped into a point similar to corn. Gangdong District is home to 25 elementary schools, 17 junior high schools and 12 senior high schools, including a specialized high school , and a special education school . It is characterized by a typical residential area with many natural green areas such as Yongma, Mangwoo, and Bonghwasan Mountain. It is also a transportation hub in northeastern Seoul as a gateway to Gyeonggi and Gangwon regions. In the current Jungnang-gu, various relics from the Paleolithic and Bronze Age were excavated in Bonghwasan Mountain and Yongmasan Mountain, which are triangular points centered on Mangusan Mountain, and the history of the Jungnang area dates back to the Paleolithic period of the late 30,000 BC. In particular, traces of Saturn remained in the area from Bongsudae in Sangbong-dong to Myeonmok-dong until the 1960s, indicating that the Jungnang area was a city-state during the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age.During the Three Kingdoms Period, it served as a bridgehead for securing the Hangang River basin in Baekje, and after the Unified Silla Period, it became Yangjumok when 12 trees were installed nationwide in 983 of the early Goryeo Dynasty. Among the maps of Hansung Ranch, written by Heo Mok in 1663, Jinheonmajeongdo Island shows that the Han River is in the background of Bulamsan Mountain, Achasan Mountain in the north, and Jungnangcheon Stream and parts of Cheonggyecheon Stream and Sinchon in the east are not clear, but Jungnang-gu and Jungnang-gu are now. On May 26, 1895, the country was reorganized into 23bu 336-gun by Imperial Decree No. 101 and on August 6 of the following year, the 23bu system was abolished, and the country was divided into 13 degrees, and Yangju was separated from Hansung-bu and belonged to Gyeonggi-do as Yangju-gun. On December 29, 1913, the Jungnang area was part of Guri-myeon in Yangju-gun, Gyeonggi-do, and Ttukdo-myeon in Goyang-gun was incorporated into Seoul on August 15, 1949, and on January 1963, Mangnae-ri in Yangjeong-myeon was reunited. On July 1, 1980, Muk-dong was divided into Muk 1-dong and Mangwoo 2-dong into Mangwoo 2-dong, and on January 1, 1988, five districts in Jungnang, Nowon, Seocho, Yangcheon, and Songpa were expanded, and Jungnang-gu was separated and newly established from Dongdaemun-gu. On January 1, 2008, to improve administrative inefficiency and expand the culture and welfare space of residents, Myeonmok 1-dong and Myeonmok 6-dong were merged into Myeonmokbon-dong, Myeonmok 3-dong and Myeonmok 8-dong into Myeonmok 3-dong, Junghwa 2-dong and Junghwa 3-dong, and Mangwoo 2-dong were merged into Mangwoobon-dong. Yongsan has a population of 231,685 and has a geographic area of 21.87 km2 , and is divided into 19 dong . Yongsan is located in central Seoul on the northern bank of the Han River, bordering the city districts of Jung to the north, Mapo to the west, Yeongdeungpo and Dongjak to the southwest, Seocho and Gangnam District to the southeast, and Seongdong to the east. Yongsan District is a district in central Seoul, South Korea. It sits to the north of the Han River and is part of the Seongjeosimni area immediately south of Seoul's historic center in Jung district on the southern side of Namsan. It is home to roughly 250,000 people and is divided into 20 dong, or neighborhoods. Notable locations in Yongsan District include Yongsan Station, the sprawling Yongsan Electronics Market, Haebangchon and the Itaewon commercial district. Itaewon is widely known as one of the most ethnically diverse regions in Korea. Many foreigners gravitate to its shopping centers and nightlife. Yongsan is located next to the Han River, with level ground in the west of the district which has been used for transportation and commercial use since the early 20th century. To the east and north in the land is steeper and rises towards Namsan which lies to the north. Namsan has an elevation of 243m and consists mostly of granite. The low lying western section of the district is approximately 15-20 above sea level. This low-lying area has been prone to flooding during periods of heavy rainfall, a common issue with most of the low lying riverside districts in the city. The oldest recorded mention of Yongsan is in a fable about two dragons that appeared over Hangang River in the 21st year of King Giru's reign during the Baekje Dynasty. Some also say that the name "Yongsan" comes from the shape of the area's mountains, which resemble that of a dragon. The Yangcheon District is a gu, or district, of Seoul, South Korea, located on the southwest side of the Han River. At the centre of this district is the Mok-dong area, which is home to numerous shopping outlets, bars and restaurants, an ice rink, and large residential buildings inhabited by mostly upper-middle and upper-class families. It was known as 'Jechapaui-hyun' during the Goguryeo age, and has gone through several name-changes since. It was renamed 'Yangcheon' in 1310, during the Goryeo dynasty. It was separated from the neighboring Gangseo district in 1988. The Yangcheon District includes Mok-dong, Sinjeong-dong and Sinwol-dong. This area was developed during the 1980s, as a result of government policy to build a new residential area in Seoul; large apartment complexes were built. Now, the Yangcheon District is home to mostly middle and upper-class families and is considered one of the better wards in Seoul to live. Yangcheon is located to the east of Gimpo International Airport and just south of the river from the popular Hongdae area of Seoul. Mokdong Stadium at this distinct opened for the Olympic Games in 1988. Among all stadiums, the baseball stadium was used to hold many games for juniors. Since 2008, the stadium has been used for co-hosting amateur baseball games and professional games for settlement of Nexen Heroes, a re-founded team this year which had been made of former Hyundai Unicorns players. In Mok-dong, the Hyperion Towers, a group of three buildings completed in 2003, dominate the skyline. Tower A is 69 stories and 256 metres high, making it the fifth-tallest building in Seoul and one of the tallest purely residential buildings in the world. At the bottom of these towers sits a large Hyundai department store. Eunpyeong is divided into 16 dong . Eunpyeong is located in northwestern Seoul, bordering Gyeonggi Province city of Goyang to the west, and the Seoul city districts of Mapo to the southwest, Seodaemun to the south, and Jongno to the east. Dongdaemun has a population of 346,770 and has a geographic area of 14.22 km2 , and is divided into 14 dong . Dongdaemun is located in northeastern Seoul, bordering the city districts of Seongbuk to the northwest, Jongno to the west, Seongdong to the south, Gwangjin to the southeast, and Jungnang to the east. Dongdaemun is part of the Seongjeosimni area and is named after Heunginjimun, one of the Eight Gates of Seoul which is not located within the district. Dongdaemun is home to the University of Seoul, Cheongnyangni station, and to Gyeongdong Market, one of the largest herbal medicine and agricultural markets in South Korea. Dongdaemun District was first created in 1943 when the "gu" system started and was larger in area than it is today. Seongbuk District separated from the district in 1949, and Changsin Dong and Sungin Dong were given to Jongno District in 1975. An additional 17 dong separated to become Jungnang District in 1988. Dongdaemun District borders Seongbuk District to the north-west, Jungnang District to the east , Gwangjin District to the south-east, Seongdong District to the south, meets Jung District at a point in the south-west and borders Jongno District to the west. The busiest neighbourhood of the district is the Cheongnyangni area - a large commercial zone formed around Cheongnyangni Station, one of the secondary CBDs of Seoul. Dongdaemun District is named after the east gate in Seoul's city walls, Dongdaemun, but Dongdaemun itself is actually located in Jongno District. This is due to an administrative border change. Dongjak District is one of the 25 gu that make up the city of Seoul, South Korea. Its name was derived from the Dongjaegi Naruteo Ferry, on the Han River which borders the district to the north. It was the 17th gu created in Seoul, after being separated from Gwanak District on 1 April 1980. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Cheonggyecheon <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Cheonggyecheon <p> instance of <o> river <s> Cheonggyecheon <p> instance of <o> linear park <s> Cheonggyecheon <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Cheonggyecheon <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Jungnangcheon <s> Cheonggyecheon <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Cheonggyecheon <s> Cheonggyecheon <p> heritage designation <o> Historic sites of South Korea <s> Yangjaecheon <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Yangjaecheon <p> instance of <o> river <s> Yangjaecheon <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Tancheon <s> Tancheon <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Tancheon <p> instance of <o> river <s> Tancheon <p> tributary <o> Bundangcheon <s> Tancheon <p> tributary <o> Yangjaecheon <s> Tancheon <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Han River <s> Han River <p> country <o> North Korea <s> Han River <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> North Korea <s> Han River <p> continent <o> Asia <s> Han River <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Han River <p> basin country <o> South Korea <s> Han River <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Gyeonggi <s> Han River <p> instance of <o> river <s> Han River <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Yellow Sea <s> Han River <p> tributary <o> Imjin River <s> Han River <p> tributary <o> Bukhan River <s> Han River <p> tributary <o> Tancheon <s> Han River <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Han River <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Han River (Korea) <s> Han River <p> tributary <o> Gulpocheon <s> Han River <p> tributary <o> Namhan River <s> Han River <p> tributary <o> Gyeongancheon <s> Han River <p> tributary <o> Hongjecheon <s> Han River <p> tributary <o> Hongneungcheon <s> Han River <p> tributary <o> Changneungcheon <s> Han River <p> tributary <o> Anyangcheon <s> Han River <p> tributary <o> Jungnangcheon <s> Han River <p> category for the water basin <o> Category:Han River basin <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Seoul <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> office held by head of the organization <o> Mayor of Seoul <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Museum of History <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> owner of <o> Seoul Metro Corporation <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> instance of <o> regional local government in South Korea <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Cheongwadae Fire Bridge <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Metropolitan Seobuk Hospital <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Science Center <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Baekje Museum <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Human Resource Development Center <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Waterworks Authority <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Child Hospital <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Research Institute of Public Health and Environment <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Data Center <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Special Rescue Squad <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Metropolitan Boramae Hospital <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Emergency Operations Center <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Historiography Institute <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Metropolitan Archives <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Botanic Park <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> headquarters location <o> Seoul City Hall <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> award received <o> Robert Matthew Prize <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> University of Seoul <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Metropolitan Library <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Museum of Art <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Metropolitan Fire and Disaster Management Headquarters <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Grand Park <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> has subsidiary <o> Seoul Fire Academy <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Government of Seoul <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> owner of <o> Seoul Housing & Communities Corporation <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> owner of <o> Seoul Energy Corporation <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> owner of <o> Seoul Facilities Corporation <s> Seoul Metropolitan Government <p> owner of <o> Seoul Metro <s> Special City of Korea <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Special City of Korea <p> subclass of <o> special city <s> Special City of Korea <p> subclass of <o> administrative territorial entity of South Korea <s> Special City of Korea <p> subclass of <o> first-level administrative division <s> Special City of Korea <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Special Cities and Metropolitan Cities of South Korea <s> Special City of Korea <p> has list <o> list of special cities of South Korea <s> Honolulu County <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Honolulu County <p> has part(s) <o> Honolulu <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montreal <s> Honolulu County <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Hawaii <s> Honolulu County <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Honolulu County, Hawaii <s> Honolulu County <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Honolulu <s> Honolulu County <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Honolulu County, Hawaii <s> Honolulu County <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Honolulu County, Hawaii <s> Honolulu County <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Oahu <s> Honolulu County <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Honolulu County, Hawaii <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manila <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cebu City <s> Honolulu County <p> located in statistical territorial entity <o> Honolulu metropolitan area <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Caracas <s> Honolulu County <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Honolulu County, Hawaii <s> Honolulu County <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Honolulu County, Hawaii <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mumbai <s> Honolulu County <p> list of monuments <o> National Register of Historic Places listings in Oahu <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Baguio <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Naples <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rabat <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kyzyl <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seoul <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Baku <s> Honolulu County <p> capital <o> Honolulu <s> Honolulu County <p> named after <o> Honolulu <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Incheon <s> Honolulu County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Honolulu <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hiroshima <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Funchal <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Andaman and Nicobar Islands <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Laoag <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Huế <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zhongshan <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Maracaibo <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Juan <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Puerto Princesa <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Naha <s> Honolulu County <p> shares border with <o> Maui County <s> Honolulu County <p> shares border with <o> Kauai County <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kaohsiung <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mombasa <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vigan <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sintra <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bruyères <s> Honolulu County <p> twinned administrative body <o> Uwajima <s> Honolulu County <p> instance of <o> county of Hawaii <s> Honolulu County <p> instance of <o> consolidated city-county <s> Honolulu County <p> legislative body <o> Honolulu City Council <s> Anyangcheon <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Anyangcheon <p> instance of <o> river <s> Anyangcheon <p> tributary <o> Haguicheon <s> Anyangcheon <p> tributary <o> Dorimcheon <s> Anyangcheon <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Han River <s> Anyangcheon <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Anyangcheon <s> Jungnangcheon <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Jungnangcheon <p> instance of <o> river <s> Jungnangcheon <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seoul <s> Jungnangcheon <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Jungnangcheon <s> Jungnangcheon <p> tributary <o> Cheonggyecheon <s> Jungnangcheon <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Gyeonggi <s> Jungnangcheon <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Han River <s> Seoul municipal council <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Seoul municipal council <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Seoul <s> Seoul municipal council <p> has part(s) <o> Seoul councilor <s> Seoul municipal council <p> instance of <o> city council <s> Seoul municipal council <p> instance of <o> mayor–council government <s> Seoul municipal council <p> instance of <o> unicameral legislature <s> Seoul municipal council <p> has characteristic <o> parallel voting <s> Seoul municipal council <p> headquarters location <o> Bumin-gwan <s> Seoul municipal council <p> heritage designation <o> Registered Cultural Property of the Republic of Korea </Graph>

<Text> :Cheonggyecheon is a 10.9-kilometre-long stream and public space in downtown Seoul, South Korea. A natural stream sourced from the Suseongdong Valley in Inwangsan, it was historically maintained as part of Seoul's early sewerage until the mid-20th century, when post-Korean War rapid economic development and deteriorating conditions prompted the filling of the stream with concrete and the construction of an elevated freeway, the Cheonggye Expressway, in its place. In 2003, the city government began an urban renewal project to disassemble the expressway and restore the stream, which was completed in 2005 at a cost of over W386 billion . The stream was named as Gaecheon after the first refurbishment project to construct a drainage system during the Joseon period. The work, which included dredging and bolstering the banks of the stream and building bridges, was carried out every 2-3 years during this period from the reign of Taejong, the third king of Joseon. King Yeongjo especially undertook the refurbishment work as a national project. Gaecheon was renamed to Cheonggyecheon, its current name, when Korea was under Japanese rule. During this time, financial difficulties disrupted and prevented Japanese forces from covering up the stream despite several attempts to do so. After the Korean War, more people migrated into Seoul to make their living and settled down along the stream in shabby makeshift houses. The accompanying trash, sand, and waste, and deteriorating conditions resulted in an eyesore for the city. The stream was covered up with concrete over 20 years starting in 1958, and a 5.6 km-long , 16 m-wide elevated highway was completed in 1976. The area became an example of successful industrialization and modernization of South Korea. Yangjaecheon is a stream that flows through the city of Seoul, South Korea. It runs through Gangnam, which is part of the southern half of the city. Yangjaecheon is a greenway stretching five and a half kilometres from Gwanaksan in Gyeonggi through the Seocho, Gangnam, and Songpa districts until it feeds into the Tancheon. The stream is recessed, with major and minor roads above it on bridges and multiple parallel bike and pedestrian trails flanking it on tiered ledges. Public exercise equipment is provided along the stream, as well as benches and a variety of flowers. 3.75 km of the stream was appointed as Seoul Future heritage. There are 174 species of plants, 42 species of birds, 20 species of fish, six species of mammals, and six species of amphibians and reptiles in the Yangjaecheon. The Yangjaecheon Ecological Park, aiming to restore the ecosystem, revived the river's natural state by restoring the riverside slope to create a resting and walking space. Concrete revetments were replaced and reconstructed using megaliths, trees, grasses and natural materials. The vegetation revetments act as safeguards against floods and control the water temperature by creating shade. The Yangjaecheon also provides fish and algae habitats to help maintain the food chain of aquatic ecosystems. It also precipitates and absorbs water and pollutants, easing eutrophication. Yangjaecheon has a tale related to the Guryongsan mountain. The Guryongsan has nine valleys, nine peaks, and nine wells. The name Guryong comes from 'nine dragons'. The highest peak of the Guryongsan is named Guksoobong, which means 'a mountain peak that protects the country'. According to the tale, the mountain originally had ten valleys, with each dragon in one valley. They had to ascend to the sky, but one was late and was seen by a person, so it was unable to ascend. By the rules of good conduct, he had to be a stream for people to drink and farm. The stream made people wealthier and happier, which was why this stream was later named Yangjaecheon. Yangjae is a word written in Chinese characters, which is translated as 'a group of talented people.' Tancheon is a stream in Gyeonggi Province and Seoul, South Korea. The stream is a tributary of the Han River. It begins in Yongin, Gyeonggi Province, flows through Seongnam, and eventually into the Han. It has a total length of 35.6 kilometres. The area also serves as a large park, and there are paths for both walkers and cyclists on each bank with occasional foot bridges joining the two sides in addition to the bridges built for vehicle traffic. Along the paths there are many benches as well as exercise equipment. The whole area is extremely popular among local residents. The stream has been known by many other names, such as Geomcheon , Heomcheon , Meonae , Cheonhocheon , and Jancheon . The word Tancheon itself is composed of the Chinese characters for charcoal and stream, so a direct translation would be Charcoal Stream. In pure Korean it would be pronounced Sunnae . Along the approximately 25-kilometre stretch of the Tancheon that passes through Seongnam, there are five water parks open to the public. They are free of charge and popular with families with young children. The Tancheon water parks are open every year from July 1 to August 31, from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. At the parks there are changing rooms available as well as many chairs and picnic tables. They can be found at: The Seoul Metropolitan Government is a local government of Seoul, South Korea. The mayor is elected to a four-year term by the citizens of Seoul and is responsible for the administration of the city government. The Seoul Metropolitan Government deals with administrative affairs as the capital city of South Korea. Hence, it is more centralized than that of most other cities, with the city government being responsible for correctional institutions, public education, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services. In the city government, there are 5 offices, 32 bureaus, and 107 divisions. The headquarters is located in the Seoul City Hall building which is in Taepyeongno, Jung-gu, Seoul. The Government started on September 28, 1946 as the Seoul City Government which became Seoul Metropolitan Government on August 15, 1949. The Seoul Metropolitan Government has one mayor and three vice mayors, with one in charge of political affairs and the other two in charge of administrative affairs. Seoul is subdivided into 25 autonomous gu and 522 administrative dong. The Seoul Institute , the think tank for the city, was established in 1992 by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. It was formerly known as The Seoul Development Institute . The SI supports the policy-making processes of the municipal administration by conducting intensive research and cooperating with domestic and foreign research institutes. The SI seeks to collaborate and communicate with the citizens of Seoul "to secure the validity of its various policy researches". In 2011, when Government 2.0 was still a new concept to many, the fifth elected mayor of the City of Seoul, Wonsoon Park, introduced many policies to promote democracy based on civil participation after his inauguration. As one of his key agenda, he suggested the Governance 2.0, based on the concepts of 'Communication, Cooperation, and Participation,' as he established the foundation for promoting citizen participation in the governance of the city and sought to provide all administrative information of the city through the Information Communication Plaza. Honolulu County, officially known as the City and County of Honolulu , is a consolidated city-county in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The city-county includes both Urban Honolulu and the rest of the neighborhoods on the island of O`ahu, as well as several minor outlying islands, including all of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands except Midway Atoll. The consolidated city-county was established in the city charter adopted in 1907 and accepted by the Legislature of the Territory of Hawaii. As a municipal corporation and jurisdiction it manages aspects of government traditionally exercised by both municipalities and counties in the rest of the United States. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 1,016,508. Because of Hawaii's municipal structure, the United States Census Bureau divides Honolulu County into several census-designated places for statistical purposes. The mayor of Honolulu County is Rick Blangiardi. The county motto is "Ha`aheo No `O Honolulu ". About 70% of the state's population lives in Honolulu County. Only Nevada has a higher percentage of its population living in its most populous county. 43.0% of residents identify as Asian or Asian American, the highest of any U.S. county. The Anyangcheon is a river in Gyeonggi-do and Seoul, South Korea. It has its source on the slopes of Mount Gwanggyo in the city of Uiwang and flows north, through the city of Gunpo, where a major cleanup operation saw several species of birds return to the area in 2005. Here, though, the water table remains depleted. The river then flows through Anyang City, where it is met by its major tributary, the Hakuicheon stream. From here, it loops around to the west before continuing north to the border with Gwangmyeong City. As the river passes to the west of Mount Gwanak, it forms the border between Gwangmyeong and Seoul, where it is lined on the Gwangmyeong side with rape fields and cherry blossom trees. After the stream is joined near Guil Station from the west by the Mokgamcheon stream, which forms another border between Gwangmyeong and Seoul, it is then totally within the capital. Here, it is also joined from the east by the Dorimcheon and passes through a conservation zone for migratory birds which was established after a 2005 cleanup operation, whereafter it joins the Han. Most of the length of the river has a path alongside providing easy access, the only parts without this lying in Uiwang. Seoul City Council has embarked on a programme of exclusive cycle path creation alongside its waterways, including the Anyangcheon, to be completed in 2010. Anyangcheon has been called in many names throughout history. Parts of the Anyangcheon that passes modern day Geumcheon district was called in the name Hannae in the book Donggukyeojiseungram, which was transcribed as Da Chuan to mean big river in chinese. The river also was called Gitan, and the modern day name Anyang is said to be named after the temple Anyangsa which was near the source of the river. Other names include Hogye, and Geomamcheon. The Anyangcheon is home to a variety of wildlife. The dominant fish of the river are Zacco platypus and Rhynchocypris oxycephalus in the more upstream areas near the source, and Carassius auratus further downstream, by Gwangmyeong. The river also houses a number of species of birds, including the egrets, the grey heron, northern shoveler, common teal and mallard. A conservation area has been established close to the confluence with the Han River, where the footpath is set back from the riverside to leave migratory birds a more natural setting. The Jungnangcheon is a tributary of Seoul's Han River. It is generated in the valley of Dorak Mountain of Yangju, Gyeonggi-do. Cheonggyecheon is a tributary of Jungnangcheon. Its whole river basin extends to 299.9 km2. Most of the stream is located in Uijeongbu and Seoul. The river contains a large amount of pollutants especially from domestic pollution. Experts have pointed out that the pollution originates from the upper reaches of the stream. In summer 2007, more than 200 fish died after a heavy rain. Pollutants at the bottom of the riverbed contaminated the stream after a storm, and citizens called environmental authorities. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Nilus the Younger <p> instance of <o> human <s> Nilus the Younger <p> feast day <o> September 26 <s> Nilus the Younger <p> place of death <o> Grottaferrata <s> Nilus the Younger <p> country of citizenship <o> Byzantine Empire <s> Nilus the Younger <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> Nilus the Younger <p> occupation <o> monk <s> Nilus the Younger <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Nilus the Younger <p> place of birth <o> Rossano <s> Nilus the Younger <p> position held <o> abbot <s> Nilus the Younger <p> given name <o> Nilus <s> Category:Grottaferrata <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Grottaferrata <p> category's main topic <o> Grottaferrata <s> Rossano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Rossano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Rossano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Rossano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Cosenza <s> Rossano <p> shares border with <o> Calopezzati <s> Rossano <p> shares border with <o> Corigliano Calabro <s> Rossano <p> shares border with <o> Cropalati <s> Rossano <p> shares border with <o> Crosia <s> Rossano <p> shares border with <o> Longobucco <s> Rossano <p> shares border with <o> Paludi <s> Rossano <p> instance of <o> frazione <s> Rossano <p> capital <o> Rossano <s> Rossano <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grottaferrata <s> Rossano <p> instance of <o> abolished municipality in Italy <s> Rossano <p> significant event <o> Siege of Rossano <s> Rossano <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Rossano <p> patron saint <o> Nilus the Younger <s> Rossano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Corigliano-Rossano <s> Rossano <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Rossano <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Rossano <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Rossano <s> Rossano <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Rossano <s> Rossano <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Rossano <s> Bisignano <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> Bisignano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Bisignano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Bisignano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Bisignano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Cosenza <s> Bisignano <p> shares border with <o> Acri <s> Bisignano <p> shares border with <o> Luzzi <s> Bisignano <p> shares border with <o> Mongrassano <s> Bisignano <p> shares border with <o> Cerzeto <s> Bisignano <p> shares border with <o> Lattarico <s> Bisignano <p> shares border with <o> San Marco Argentano <s> Bisignano <p> twinned administrative body <o> Feldkirchen <s> Bisignano <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grottaferrata <s> Bisignano <p> shares border with <o> Santa Sofia d'Epiro <s> Bisignano <p> shares border with <o> Tarsia <s> Bisignano <p> shares border with <o> Torano Castello <s> Bisignano <p> capital <o> Bisignano <s> Bisignano <p> public holiday <o> patronal festival <s> Bisignano <p> different from <o> Bisignano <s> Bisignano <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Bisignano <p> patron saint <o> Humilis of Bisignano <s> Bisignano <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Bisignano <s> Bisignano <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Bisignano <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> country <o> Italy <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> shares border with <o> Centola <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> shares border with <o> Ceraso <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> seismic classification <o> 3 <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> shares border with <o> Ascea <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Salerno <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> shares border with <o> Cuccaro Vetere <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grottaferrata <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> shares border with <o> Futani <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> shares border with <o> Montano Antilia <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> shares border with <o> Pisciotta <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> capital <o> San Mauro la Bruca <s> San Mauro La Bruca <p> patron saint <o> Euphemia <s> Oria <p> country <o> Italy <s> Oria <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Oria <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Oria <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Brindisi <s> Oria <p> shares border with <o> Mesagne <s> Oria <p> shares border with <o> Latiano <s> Oria <p> shares border with <o> Torre Santa Susanna <s> Oria <p> shares border with <o> Francavilla Fontana <s> Oria <p> shares border with <o> Manduria <s> Oria <p> has certification <o> Bandiera arancione <s> Oria <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Oria <p> public holiday <o> patronal festival <s> Oria <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grottaferrata <s> Oria <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Oria, Apulia <s> Oria <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Oria <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Oria <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Oria <p> patron saint <o> Barsanuphius of Palestine <s> Oria <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Oria (Italy) <s> Oria <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People of Oria <s> Oria <p> seismic classification <o> 4 <s> Bracigliano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Bracigliano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Salerno <s> Bracigliano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Bracigliano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Bracigliano <p> capital <o> Bracigliano <s> Bracigliano <p> shares border with <o> Forino <s> Bracigliano <p> shares border with <o> Quindici <s> Bracigliano <p> patron saint <o> John the Baptist <s> Bracigliano <p> seismic classification <o> 2 <s> Bracigliano <p> shares border with <o> Siano <s> Bracigliano <p> shares border with <o> Mercato San Severino <s> Bracigliano <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grottaferrata <s> Bracigliano <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Bracigliano <p> shares border with <o> Montoro <s> Rofrano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Rofrano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Rofrano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Rofrano <p> shares border with <o> Laurito <s> Rofrano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Salerno <s> Rofrano <p> shares border with <o> Alfano <s> Rofrano <p> capital <o> Rofrano <s> Rofrano <p> shares border with <o> Montano Antilia <s> Rofrano <p> shares border with <o> Novi Velia <s> Rofrano <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grottaferrata <s> Rofrano <p> shares border with <o> Sanza <s> Rofrano <p> shares border with <o> Roccagloriosa <s> Rofrano <p> shares border with <o> Caselle in Pittari <s> Rofrano <p> shares border with <o> Laurino <s> Rofrano <p> seismic classification <o> 2 <s> Rofrano <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Rofrano <p> shares border with <o> Torre Orsaia <s> Rofrano <p> shares border with <o> Valle dell'Angelo <s> Category:Deaths in Grottaferrata <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Grottaferrata <p> category combines topics <o> Grottaferrata <s> Category:Deaths in Grottaferrata <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Grottaferrata <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Grottaferrata <p> country <o> Italy <s> Grottaferrata <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Grottaferrata <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Grottaferrata <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Grottaferrata <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Grottaferrata <s> Grottaferrata <p> capital of <o> Grottaferrata </Graph>

<Text> :Nilus the Younger, also called Neilos of Rossano was a Griko monk and abbot from Calabria. He was the founder of Italo-Byzantine monasticism in southern Italy. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches, and his feast day is celebrated on September 26 in both the Byzantine calendar and the Roman Martyrology. Born to an Calabrian Greek family of Byzantine rite of Rossano, in the Byzantine theme of Calabria, for a time he was married and had a daughter. Sickness brought about his conversion, however, and from that time he became a monk and a propagator of the rule of Saint Basil in Italy. He was known for his ascetic life, his virtues, and theological learning. For a time he lived as a hermit, but his reputation drew followers to Rossano, whom he began to instruct. However, after a while, he realized that he was viewed as a local authority, and hearing that there was talk of making him bishop, Nilus fled to Capua, where he stayed for fifteen years. Later he spent certain periods of his life at various monasteries which he either founded or restored. Although Nilus instructed his monks according to the Rule of St. Basil, he maintained cordial relations with the Benedictines at Monte Cassino, where he spent some time, as well as at the Alexius monastery in Rome. The Rule of St. Basil was one of the resources Benedict had recourse to when drafting his own rule. When Pope Gregory V was driven out of Rome, Nilus opposed the usurpation of Philogatos of Piacenza as antipope. According to his disciple and biographer, Bartholomew, in 998 Nilus hastened to Rome to intercede on behalf of a fellow native of Rossano, John Philogathos, who had, against the advice of Nilus, cooperated in an ill-advised scheme of the Roman senator Crescentius to depose the Emperor Otto III's kinsman, Pope Gregory V. Later when Philogathos was tortured and mutilated, Nilus reproached Gregory and the Emperor for this crime, prophesying that "the curse of heaven sooner or later would affect their cruel hearts". Rossano is a town and frazione of Corigliano-Rossano in the province of Cosenza, Calabria, southern Italy. The city is situated on an eminence c. three kilometres from the Gulf of Taranto. The town is known for its marble and alabaster quarries. The town was known as Roscianum under the Roman Empire. In the second century AD, the emperor Hadrian built or rebuilt a port here, which could accommodate up to 300 ships. It was mentioned in the Antonine itineraries as one of the important fortresses of Calabria. The Goths under Alaric I and, in the following century, Totila, were unable to take it. It was known as Rhusianum under the Byzantine Empire. The Rossanesi showed great attachment to the Byzantines, who placed a strategos over the town. The Rossano Gospels, a sixth-century illuminated manuscript of great historical and artistic value, is a tangible relic of that period. The Saracens failed to conquer Rossano, while in 982 Otto II captured it temporarily from the Byzantines. Its Greek character was preserved long after its conquest by the Normans, as noted by its long retention of the Greek Rite over the Latin Rite. The city in fact maintained notable privileges under the subsequent Hohenstaufen and Angevine dominations, but subsequently decayed after the feudalization in 1417. Bisignano is a town and comune in the province of Cosenza, part of the Calabria region of southern Italy. It is situated on hills in the Crati valley, between the Pollino and Sila National Parks. The town has historically been settled and inhabited by an Arbereshe community Bisignano is identified with the ancient town of Besidiae, recorded by Livy, and was subsequently known as Besidianum and Bisidianum. The archaeological remains found there date the settlement back to the 15th or 14th century BC. In 1054 Bisignano was a free city. It became the residence of a Norman count and later a fief of the Orsini family. In 1641 it became a fief of the Sanseverino family, which it remained until 1806. According to Henry Yule, Giovanni de Marignolli, famous for his accounts of travels in China, was made bishop of Bisignano in 1354. "The bishop, however, seems to have been in no hurry to reside there; thinking perhaps that a man who had spent so many years of his life in travelling to Cathay and back might be excused from passing the whole of those that remained to him in the wilds of Calabria." Rofrano is situated on a hill below the Apennine Mountains and is surrounded mainly by forests. The town is 39 km from Vallo della Lucania, 55 km from Sala Consilina and 139 km from Salerno. Its municipal territory is adjacent to Alfano, Caselle in Pittari, Laurino, Laurito, Montano Antilia, Novi Velia, Roccagloriosa, Sanza, Torre Orsaia and Valle dell'Angelo. Its northernmost point shares part of the territory of Pruno with Laurino. To the north-west of the municipality, on the road to Sanza, is the Cervati, one of the highest mountains of Campania. The hamlets of Rofrano are the villages of Cerreto and San Menale. Other localities, consisting mainly of some scattered farmhouses, are Abbenante, Fornillo, Pozzillo Borsito, Provitera, San Leo and Treppaoli. Grottaferrata is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, situated on the lower slopes of the Alban Hills, 20 kilometres southeast of Rome. It has grown up around the Abbey of Santa Maria di Grottaferrata, founded in 1004. Nearby communes include Frascati, Rocca di Papa, Marino and Rome. The history of Grottaferrata identifies largely with that of the Basilian Monastery of Santa Maria, founded here in 1004 by Saint Nilus the Younger. The founding legend narrates that, at the spot where the abbey now stands, the Virgin Mary appeared and bade him found a church in her honour. From Gregory, the powerful Count of Tusculum, father of Popes Benedict VIII and John XIX, Nilus obtained the site, which had been a Roman villa, where among the ruins there remained a low edifice of opus quadratum that had been a tomb but had been converted to a Christian oratory in the fourth century. Its iron window grates gave the site the name, first of Cryptaferrata then of Grottaferrata, commemorated in the coat-of-arms of the commune. From the site, a Roman bronze of a man and a cow attracted the antiquarian attention of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, who had the group removed to Lucera. Nilus died soon afterwards in the Sant' Agata monastery in Tusculum. The monastic building was carried out by his successors, especially the fourth abbot, Saint Bartholomew, who is usually considered the second founder. Building materials scavenged from the ruined villa were incorporated into the new structure, marble columns, sections of carved cornice, and blocks of the volcanic stone called peperino. The sanctuary was complete enough in 1024 to be consecrated by the Tusculan Pope John XIX. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> country <o> Italy <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> shares border with <o> Belmonte Castello <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> shares border with <o> Villa Latina <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> shares border with <o> Vallerotonda <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> capital <o> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> patron saint <o> Elijah <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> shares border with <o> Cassino <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> shares border with <o> Cervaro <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> shares border with <o> Picinisco <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> shares border with <o> San Biagio Saracinisco <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> shares border with <o> Terelle <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Frosinone <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grottaferrata <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santa Monica <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> award received <o> medal for civil merit <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <s> Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Sant'Elia Fiumerapido <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> country <o> France <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grottaferrata <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Meurthe-et-Moselle <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Nancy <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Meurthe <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gedling <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ponte de Lima <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Heillecourt <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Houdemont <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Chavigny <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Jarville-la-Malgrange <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> twinned administrative body <o> Poa, Boulkiemdé <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> canton of Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy-Ouest <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lemgo <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> capital of <o> canton of Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy-Est <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> capital of <o> canton of Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> capital of <o> canton of Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy-Ouest <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> shares border with <o> Villers-lès-Nancy <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> associated electoral district <o> canton of Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> canton of Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy-Est <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> instance of <o> commune of France <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> arrondissement of Nancy <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> flag <o> flag of Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <s> Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy <s> Category:Deaths in Douala <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Douala <p> category combines topics <o> Douala <s> Category:Deaths in Douala <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Douala <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Views of Douala <p> category combines topics <o> Douala <s> Category:Views of Douala <p> category combines topics <o> view <s> Category:Views of Douala <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Maps of Douala <p> category combines topics <o> Douala <s> Category:Maps of Douala <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Category:Maps of Douala <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Littoral <p> country <o> Cameroon <s> Littoral <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Cameroon <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Duala <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Bati <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Kose <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Bankon <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Bonkeng <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Kogo <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Bafaw-Balong <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Bakaka <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Mbo <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Nkongho <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Limba <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Cameroon Pidgin <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Mbule <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Kwa’ <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Suwu <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Medumba <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Nda’nda’ <s> Littoral <p> instance of <o> administrative territorial entity <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Nen <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Ndemli <s> Littoral <p> shares border with <o> West <s> Littoral <p> capital <o> Douala <s> Littoral <p> instance of <o> electoral unit <s> Littoral <p> shares border with <o> South <s> Littoral <p> shares border with <o> Centre <s> Littoral <p> shares border with <o> Southwest <s> Littoral <p> language used <o> Mandi <s> Littoral <p> instance of <o> region of Cameroon <s> Littoral <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wouri <s> Littoral <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nkam <s> Littoral <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sanaga-Maritime <s> Littoral <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Moungo <s> Littoral <p> office held by head of government <o> Governor of Littoral <s> Littoral <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Littoral Region (Cameroon) <s> Kamerun <p> continent <o> Africa <s> Kamerun <p> capital <o> Yaoundé <s> Kamerun <p> country <o> Kamerun <s> Kamerun <p> significant person <o> Gustav Nachtigal <s> Kamerun <p> capital <o> Douala <s> Kamerun <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kamerun <s> Kamerun <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Kamerun <p> significant person <o> Jesko Albert Eugen von Puttkamer <s> Kamerun <p> significant person <o> Eugen von Zimmerer <s> Kamerun <p> part of <o> German West Africa <s> Kamerun <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Kamerun <p> replaced by <o> Cameroon <s> Kamerun <p> replaced by <o> French Cameroons <s> Kamerun <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Kamerun <p> instance of <o> colony <s> Kamerun <p> capital <o> Buea <s> Kamerun <p> part of <o> German colonial empire <s> Kamerun <p> currency <o> German mark <s> Kamerun <p> replaced by <o> British Cameroons <s> Kamerun <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Kamerun <p> instance of <o> historical country <s> Ouagadougou <p> continent <o> Africa <s> Ouagadougou <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Ouagadougou <p> capital of <o> Burkina Faso <s> Ouagadougou <p> country <o> Burkina Faso <s> Ouagadougou <p> official language <o> French <s> Ouagadougou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Turin <s> Ouagadougou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bordeaux <s> Ouagadougou <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Ouagadougou <s> Ouagadougou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Taipei <s> Ouagadougou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grenoble <s> Ouagadougou <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Ouagadougou <s> Ouagadougou <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Ouagadougou <s> Ouagadougou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Quebec City <s> Ouagadougou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kuwait City <s> Ouagadougou <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Miniato <s> Ouagadougou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Douala <s> Ouagadougou <p> located in time zone <o> UTC±00:00 <s> Ouagadougou <p> instance of <o> human settlement <s> Ouagadougou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Leuze-en-Hainaut <s> Ouagadougou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Loudun <s> Ouagadougou <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Ouagadougou <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Ouagadougou <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Ouagadougou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Briton Ferry <s> Ouagadougou <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ouagadougou Department <s> Ouagadougou <p> twinned administrative body <o> Metropolis of Lyon <s> Ouagadougou <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ouagadougou <s> Newark <p> different from <o> Newark <s> Newark <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Newark, New Jersey <s> Newark <p> located in statistical territorial entity <o> New York metropolitan area <s> Newark <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Newark <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Newark <p> capital of <o> Essex County <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buenos Aires <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rio de Janeiro <s> Newark <p> owner of <o> Prudential Center <s> Newark <p> described by source <o> New Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Newark <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Newark <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Newark <p> described by source <o> The American Cyclopædia <s> Newark <p> located in time zone <o> Eastern Time Zone <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Banjul <s> Newark <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Newark <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Newark, New Jersey <s> Newark <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Newark <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Belo Horizonte <s> Newark <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Newark, New Jersey <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Monrovia <s> Newark <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Essex County <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ganja <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Douala <s> Newark <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Newark, New Jersey <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seia <s> Newark <p> shares border with <o> Jersey City <s> Newark <p> shares border with <o> Maplewood <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Xuzhou <s> Newark <p> shares border with <o> Elizabeth <s> Newark <p> shares border with <o> Harrison <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Porto Alegre <s> Newark <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Governador Valadares <s> Newark <p> named after <o> Newark-on-Trent <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kumasi <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Reserva <s> Newark <p> shares border with <o> Belleville <s> Newark <p> shares border with <o> Bloomfield <s> Newark <p> shares border with <o> South Orange <s> Newark <p> shares border with <o> Bayonne <s> Newark <p> shares border with <o> Kearny <s> Newark <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Newark, New Jersey <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Freeport <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ribeira <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Aveiro <s> Newark <p> shares border with <o> Irvington <s> Newark <p> shares border with <o> East Orange <s> Newark <p> shares border with <o> Hillside <s> Newark <p> shares border with <o> East Newark <s> Newark <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Newark <p> head of government <o> Ras Baraka <s> Newark <p> twinned administrative body <o> Umuaka <s> Newark <p> instance of <o> city in New Jersey <s> Newark <p> instance of <o> largest city <s> Agadir <p> significant event <o> 1960 Agadir earthquake <s> Agadir <p> language used <o> Tachelhit <s> Agadir <p> located in time zone <o> Central European Time <s> Agadir <p> instance of <o> city <s> Agadir <p> country <o> Morocco <s> Agadir <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Agadir <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Agadir <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Agadir <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Agadir <p> significant event <o> Fall of Agadir <s> Agadir <p> significant event <o> Agadir air disaster <s> Agadir <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nantes <s> Agadir <p> owner of <o> Adrar Stadium <s> Agadir <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Agadir <s> Agadir <p> twinned administrative body <o> Miami <s> Agadir <p> capital of <o> Souss-Massa <s> Agadir <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Agadir <s> Agadir <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Peope born in Agadir <s> Agadir <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Agadir <s> Agadir <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shiraz <s> Agadir <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vigan <s> Agadir <p> described by source <o> Great dictionary of geographical names <s> Agadir <p> instance of <o> urban commune of Morocco <s> Agadir <p> twinned administrative body <o> Stavanger Municipality <s> Agadir <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oakland <s> Agadir <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Agadir-Ida-Ou-Tanane Prefecture <s> Agadir <p> head of government <o> Aziz Akhannouch <s> Agadir <p> twinned administrative body <o> Douala <s> Agadir <p> twinned administrative body <o> Olhão <s> Agadir <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Agadir <s> Agadir <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Agadir <s> Agadir <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pleven <s> Agadir <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montreuil </Graph>

<Text> :Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France. Its inhabitants are called Vandoperiens. With 29,942 inhabitants , Vandoeuvre is the second-largest commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department, after the capital Nancy, of which it is a suburb. These two cities belong to the same agglomeration community: Metropole du Grand Nancy. The littoral zone, also called litoral or nearshore, is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. In coastal ecology, the littoral zone includes the intertidal zone extending from the high water mark , to coastal areas that are permanently submerged -- known as the foreshore -- and the terms are often used interchangeably. However, the geographical meaning of littoral zone extends well beyond the intertidal zone to include all neritic waters within the bounds of continental shelves. The word littoral may be used both as a noun and as an adjective. It derives from the Latin noun litus, litoris, meaning "shore". The term has no single definition. What is regarded as the full extent of the littoral zone, and the way the littoral zone is divided into subregions, varies in different contexts. For lakes, the littoral zone is the nearshore habitat where photosynthetically active radiation penetrates to the lake bottom in sufficient quantities to support photosynthesis. The use of the term also varies from one part of the world to another, and between different disciplines. For example, military commanders speak of the littoral in ways that are quite different from the definition used by marine biologists. The adjacency of water gives a number of distinctive characteristics to littoral regions. The erosive power of water results in particular types of landforms, such as sand dunes, and estuaries. The natural movement of the littoral along the coast is called the littoral drift. Biologically, the ready availability of water enables a greater variety of plant and animal life, and particularly the formation of extensive wetlands. In addition, the additional local humidity due to evaporation usually creates a microclimate supporting unique types of organisms. Kamerun was an African colony of the German Empire from 1884 to 1920 in the region of today's Republic of Cameroon. Kamerun also included northern parts of Gabon and the Congo with western parts of the Central African Republic, southwestern parts of Chad and far northeastern parts of Nigeria. The first German trading post in the Duala area on the Kamerun River delta was established in 1868 by the Hamburg trading company C. Woermann . The firm's primary agent in Gabon, Johannes Thormahlen, expanded activities to the Kamerun River delta. In 1874, together with the Woermann agent in Liberia, Wilhelm Jantzen, the two merchants founded their own company, Jantzen & Thormahlen there. Both of these West Africa houses expanded into shipping with their own sailing ships and steamers and inaugurated scheduled passenger and freight service between Hamburg and Duala. These companies and others obtained extensive acreage from local chiefs and began systematic plantation operations, including bananas. The Cameroon territory was under the informal control of the British Empire throughout the years preceding 1884, with substantial British trading operations as well. Eventually, these companies would begin agitating for royal protection. By 1884, Adolph Woermann, as spokesman for all West African companies, petitioned the imperial foreign office for "protection" by the German Empire. This, among a number of other factors, led to Imperial Chancellor Otto von Bismarck approving the establishment of a colony. Ouagadougou or Wagadugu is the capital of Burkina Faso, and the administrative, communications, cultural and economic centre of the nation. It is also the country's largest city, with a population of 2,415,266 in 2019. The city's name is often shortened to Ouaga. The inhabitants are called ouagalais. The spelling of the name Ouagadougou is derived from the French orthography common in former French African colonies. Ouagadougou's primary industries are food processing and textiles. It is served by an international airport and is linked by rail to Abidjan in the Ivory Coast and, for freight only, to Kaya. There are several highways linking the city to Niamey, Niger, south to Ghana, and southwest to Ivory Coast. Ouagadougou has one of West Africa's largest markets, which burned down in 2003 and has since reopened with better facilities and improved fire-prevention measures. Other attractions include the National Museum of Burkina Faso, the Moro-Naba Palace , the National Museum of Music, and several craft markets. Ouagadougou was founded in the 11th century, being originally called Kumbee-Tenga which means "the land of princes". The name Ouagadougou dates back to the 15th century when the Ninsi tribes inhabited the area. They were in constant conflict until 1441 when Wubri, a Yonyonse hero and an important figure in Burkina Faso's history, led his tribe to victory. He then renamed the area from "Kumbee-Tenga", as the Ninsi had called it, to "Wage sabre soba koumbem tenga", meaning "head war chief's village". The name later became "Wagadugu"; Ouagadougou is a Francophone spelling of this name. The city became the capital of the Mossi Empire in 1441 and became the permanent residence of the Mossi emperors in 1681. The Moro-Naba Ceremony is still performed every Friday by the Moro-Naba and his court. In 1919 the French made Ouagadougou the capital of the Upper Volta territory . In 1954 the railroad line from Ivory Coast reached the city. Ouagadougou's population doubled from 1954 to 1960 and has been doubling about every ten years since. Agadir is a major city in Morocco, on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean near the foot of the Atlas Mountains, just north of the point where the Souss River flows into the ocean, and 509 kilometres south of Casablanca. Agadir is the capital of the Agadir Ida-U-Tanan Prefecture and of the Souss-Massa economic region. Agadir is one of the major urban centres of Morocco. The municipality of Agadir recorded a population of 924,000 in the 2014 Moroccan census. According to the 2004 census, there were 346,106 inhabitants in that year and the population of the Prefecture of Agadir-Ida Outanane was 487,954 inhabitants. Agadir is known for being the capital of Amazigh culture in Morocco. It is one of the few big Moroccan cities where Tamazight, one of Morocco's two official languages, is spoken by more than half of the population. The native variety to the region, Tachelhit, is spoken by 222,000 speakers, representing 53.7% of the entire population. Agadir is also a place for many festivals related to Amazigh culture, such as The New Amazigh Year, celebrated on 13 January every year throughout the city, especially in the downtown area. The Bilmawen Festival is another old Berber tradition celebrated in the suburbs of the city. Additionally, the Issni N'Ourgh International festival is a festival for Amazigh films. Agadir is also the birthplace of many of the pillars of Shilha and Amazigh music, such as Izenzaren, Oudaden, and many others. It was the site of the 1911 Agadir Crisis that exposed tensions between France and Germany, foreshadowing World War I. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 1960; it has been completely rebuilt with mandatory seismic standards. It is now the largest seaside resort in Morocco, where foreign tourists and many residents are attracted by an unusually mild year-round climate. Since 2010 it has been well served by low-cost flights and a motorway from Tangier. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Windhoek <p> capital of <o> Namibia <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Berlin <s> Windhoek <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Antonio <s> Windhoek <p> capital of <o> Khomas Region <s> Windhoek <p> instance of <o> city <s> Windhoek <p> capital of <o> German South-West Africa <s> Windhoek <p> country <o> Namibia <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Havana <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brazzaville <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wetzlar <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gaborone <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Harare <s> Windhoek <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Windhoek <p> capital of <o> South-West Africa <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shanghai <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nanjing <s> Windhoek <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Windhoek <p> owner of <o> Sam Nujoma Stadium <s> Windhoek <p> owner of <o> Khomasdal Stadium <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bremen <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Richmond <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Johannesburg <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Douala <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vantaa <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Trossingen <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kadoma <s> Windhoek <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Windhoek <s> Windhoek <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Khomas Region <s> Windhoek <p> twinned administrative body <o> Otjiwarongo <s> Windhoek <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Windhoek <s> Windhoek <p> head of government <o> Sade Gawanas <s> Windhoek <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Windhoek <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Windhoek <s> Windhoek <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Windhoek <s> Windhoek <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Windhoek <s> Windhoek <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Windhoek <s> Sfax <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Sfax <s> Sfax <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Sfax <s> Sfax <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Sfax <s> Sfax <p> country <o> Tunisia <s> Sfax <p> twinned administrative body <o> Grenoble <s> Sfax <p> twinned administrative body <o> Halle (Saale) <s> Sfax <p> twinned administrative body <o> Marburg <s> Sfax <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dakar <s> Sfax <p> twinned administrative body <o> Makhachkala <s> Sfax <p> twinned administrative body <o> Casablanca <s> Sfax <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oran <s> Sfax <p> twinned administrative body <o> Douala <s> Sfax <p> twinned administrative body <o> Safi <s> Sfax <p> instance of <o> municipality of Tunisia <s> Sfax <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Sfax <p> capital of <o> Sfax Governorate <s> Sfax <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Sfax Governorate <s> Sfax <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Sfax <s> Sfax <p> part of <o> Central Coastal Tunisia <s> Sfax <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Sfax <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Sfax <s> Sfax <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Sfax <s> Category:Douala <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Douala <p> category's main topic <o> Douala <s> Durban <p> different from <o> Durban <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Alexandria <s> Durban <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Newcastle upon Tyne <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Le Port <s> Durban <p> country <o> South Africa <s> Durban <p> capital of <o> eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality <s> Durban <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Libreville <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Maputo <s> Durban <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Durban <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Durban <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Durban <p> owner of <o> Sugar Ray Xulu Stadium <s> Durban <p> owner of <o> Princess Magogo Stadium <s> Durban <p> described by source <o> 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica <s> Durban <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Durban <s> Durban <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Durban <s> Durban <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Durban <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rio de Janeiro <s> Durban <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Curitiba <s> Durban <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Durban <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Durban <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chicago <s> Durban <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Durban <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nantes <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Antwerp <s> Durban <p> instance of <o> city <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Guangzhou <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bremen <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Daejeon <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rotterdam <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Johannesburg <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> New Orleans <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oran <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Douala <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Maracaibo <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Eilat <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Campinas <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bulawayo <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mombasa <s> Durban <p> instance of <o> port settlement <s> Durban <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality <s> Durban <p> named after <o> Benjamin d'Urban <s> Durban <p> twinned administrative body <o> Leeds <s> Durban <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Category:Births in Douala <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Births in Douala <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Births in Douala <p> category combines topics <o> place of birth <s> Category:Births in Douala <p> category combines topics <o> Douala <s> Category:People from Douala <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Douala <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Douala <p> category combines topics <o> Douala <s> Category:People from Douala <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Akhisar <p> country <o> Turkey <s> Akhisar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lausanne <s> Akhisar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lima <s> Akhisar <p> twinned administrative body <o> City of Brussels <s> Akhisar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Muscat <s> Akhisar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Antwerp <s> Akhisar <p> instance of <o> town <s> Akhisar <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:00 <s> Akhisar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Porto <s> Akhisar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Douala <s> Akhisar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Maradi <s> Akhisar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gostivar <s> Akhisar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chișinău <s> Akhisar <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Manisa Province <s> Akhisar <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Akhisar <p> shares border with <o> Gölmarmara <s> Akhisar <p> shares border with <o> Kınık <s> Akhisar <p> shares border with <o> Soma <s> Akhisar <p> owner of <o> Akhisar Şehir Stadium <s> Akhisar <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Akhisar <p> described by source <o> Larousse Encyclopedia online <s> Akhisar <p> shares border with <o> Saruhanlı <s> Akhisar <p> shares border with <o> Sındırgı <s> Akhisar <p> shares border with <o> Kırkağaç <s> Akhisar <p> instance of <o> district of Turkey <s> Akhisar <p> shares border with <o> Gördes <s> Akhisar <p> twinned administrative body <o> Donji Vakuf <s> Akhisar <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Akhisar <s> Akhisar <p> owner of <o> Akhisar Stadium <s> Akhisar <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Akhisar <s> Akhisar <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Akhisar <s> Wouri <p> different from <o> Wouri <s> Wouri <p> country <o> Cameroon <s> Wouri <p> capital <o> Douala <s> Wouri <p> instance of <o> department of Cameroon <s> Wouri <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Littoral <s> Wouri <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Wouri (department) <s> Taiyuan <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Taiyuan <s> Taiyuan <p> country <o> People's Republic of China <s> Taiyuan <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chemnitz <s> Taiyuan <p> twinned administrative body <o> Liège <s> Taiyuan <p> twinned administrative body <o> Syktyvkar <s> Taiyuan <p> different from <o> Taiwan <s> Taiyuan <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+08:00 <s> Taiyuan <p> part of <o> Shanxi <s> Taiyuan <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Shanxi <s> Taiyuan <p> shares border with <o> Lüliang <s> Taiyuan <p> capital of <o> Shanxi <s> Taiyuan <p> shares border with <o> Yangquan <s> Taiyuan <p> shares border with <o> Jinzhong <s> Taiyuan <p> shares border with <o> Xinzhou <s> Taiyuan <p> instance of <o> prefecture-level city <s> Taiyuan <p> capital of <o> Jin <s> Taiyuan <p> capital of <o> Northern Han <s> Taiyuan <p> different from <o> Thái Nguyên <s> Taiyuan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Loufan County <s> Taiyuan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Qingxu County <s> Taiyuan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yangqu County <s> Taiyuan <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Taiyuan <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Taiyuan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gujiao <s> Taiyuan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Xiaodian District <s> Taiyuan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jiancaoping District <s> Taiyuan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wanbailin District <s> Taiyuan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jinyuan District <s> Taiyuan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yingze District <s> Taiyuan <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Xinghualing District <s> Taiyuan <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Taiyuan <p> twinned administrative body <o> Douala <s> Taiyuan <p> twinned administrative body <o> Newcastle upon Tyne <s> Taiyuan <p> twinned administrative body <o> Himeji <s> Taiyuan <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Taiyuan <s> Taiyuan <p> described by source <o> Yuzhakov Big Encyclopedia <s> Taiyuan <p> capital of <o> Later Jin dynasty <s> Taiyuan <p> category for people born here <o> Category:People from Taiyuan <s> Taiyuan <p> twinned administrative body <o> Launceston <s> Taiyuan <p> member of <o> World Tourism Cities Federation <s> Taiyuan <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Taiyuan <s> Taiyuan <p> significant event <o> Siege of Yen-Men Fortress <s> Taiyuan <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Taiyuan <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kwasio <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Fang <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Tiv <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Njem <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nagumi <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mpiemo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mbu’ <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Vere <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mundani <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mafa <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nkongho <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mbule <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ndoro <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> French <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ngwe <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Oroko <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Pinyin <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ngiemboon <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Osatu <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ngomba <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Pana <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mbum <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Baca <s> Cameroon <p> diplomatic relation <o> People's Republic of China <s> Cameroon <p> continent <o> Africa <s> Cameroon <p> replaces <o> Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Cameroon <p> diplomatic relation <o> France <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bikya <s> Cameroon <p> central bank <o> Bank of Central African States <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> English <s> Cameroon <p> electrical plug type <o> Europlug <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ambele <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mungbam <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Adamaua-Fulfulde <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Akum <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Babanki <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kose <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Yeni <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Aghem <s> Cameroon <p> history of topic <o> history of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mbili-Mbui <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Munka <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bamali <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Baka <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Vengo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bambalang <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bafanji <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Fut <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kogo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Suwu <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Fe'fe' <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Hijuk <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ipulo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bamum <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Eton <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Dowayo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ekoi <s> Cameroon <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Atlantic Ocean <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Gunu <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nzakambay <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ngombale <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Chamba Leko <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ngie <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nyong <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Pol <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Oku <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Oblo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kutin <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bum <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bakole <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bamukumbit <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Boki <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Denya <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Byep <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Beezen <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Busuu <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Beba <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Sosi <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bangandu <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Wovea <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bati <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bekwil <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bitare <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bonkeng <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bebil <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bafia <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Basaa <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Duala <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Wumboko <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Vute <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Wushi <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Wawa <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Tupuri <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Hdi <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Yemba <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Yamba <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Yasa <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Peve <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Yedina <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bata <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bana <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Baldemu <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kera <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Vemgo-Mabas <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Jina <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Jimi <s> Cameroon <p> official language <o> French <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Menka <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mesaka <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Naki <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nimbari <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mundabli <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ndemli <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nga'ka <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Noni <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mmen <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Njen <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kamkam <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nizaa <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Tigon <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Swo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nen <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Tuki <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Saari <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Tikar <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kpwe <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Northwest Gbaya <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Tibea <s> Cameroon <p> lowest point <o> Bight of Biafra <s> Cameroon <p> emergency phone number <o> 112 <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ngwo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mpumpong <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mengisa <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Moundang <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Məgaka <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Medumba <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nda’nda’ <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mbo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Meta' <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mboa <s> Cameroon <p> shares border with <o> Central African Republic <s> Cameroon <p> diplomatic relation <o> Georgia <s> Cameroon <p> different from <o> Kamerun <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bishuo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Menchum <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Rombi <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bebele <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bomwali <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Noho <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bamenyam <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bulu <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bebe <s> Cameroon <p> electrical plug type <o> Type E <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bangolan <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bafaw-Balong <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bakaka <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bankon <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Balo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Atong <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Awing <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Papia <s> Cameroon <p> geography of topic <o> geography of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ewondo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ceve <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kemezung <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nzime <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Jukun Takum <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kare <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Gyele <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Cameroon Pidgin <s> Cameroon <p> country <o> Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> culture <o> culture of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> diplomatic relation <o> Germany <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kuteb <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kwa’ <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Fa’ <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kenyang <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kol <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Korop <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Koma <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Koshin <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Karang <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kendem <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kwanja <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kwakum <s> Cameroon <p> diplomatic relation <o> Taiwan <s> Cameroon <p> office held by head of government <o> Prime Minister of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> shares border with <o> Chad <s> Cameroon <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Cameroon <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Zumaya <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Leti <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Zulgo-Gemzek <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Hina <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Massa <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Hya <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Sharwa <s> Cameroon <p> diplomatic relation <o> Australia <s> Cameroon <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Cameroon <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kaalong <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Esimbi <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ghomala' <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Dzodinka <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Busam <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Dii <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Gidar <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Duupa <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Evant <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Chung <s> Cameroon <p> category of associated people <o> Category:Cameroonian people <s> Cameroon <p> driving side <o> right <s> Cameroon <p> has characteristic <o> not-free country <s> Cameroon <p> office held by head of state <o> President of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> shares border with <o> Republic of the Congo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Pam <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> To <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mbudum <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ngoshie <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mfumte <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mbodomo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ndai <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mazagway <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nsei <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Tuotomb <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nso <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Voko <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Limbum <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Makaa <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Manta <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kako <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Limba <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Afade <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Psikyɛ <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> North Mofu <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ɗugwor <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Zizilivakan <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Chadian Arabic <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Musey <s> Cameroon <p> shares border with <o> Equatorial Guinea <s> Cameroon <p> shares border with <o> Gabon <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Weh <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Yambeta <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Twendi <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Matal <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Maɗa <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Wandala <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mefele <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Gude <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mbuko <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Glavda <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nzanyi <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Gvoko <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> United Nations <s> Cameroon <p> diplomatic relation <o> North Korea <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> South Fali <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mandi <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Nyokon <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Central Kanuri <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Cameroon Mambila <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Malgbe <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Cuvok <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Lagwan <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Muyang <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Tsuvan <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mser <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Merey <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> South Giziga <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Maslam <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Buwal <s> Cameroon <p> official language <o> English <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> UNESCO <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Luo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Wuzlam <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Daba <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Dek <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Dama <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Caka <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Parkwa <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Yukuben <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> North Giziga <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Vame <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Usaghade <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kom <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Moloko <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ngambay <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Musgu <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Gawar <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mofu-Gudur <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Bung <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mpade <s> Cameroon <p> railway traffic side <o> right <s> Cameroon <p> Wikimedia outline <o> outline of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> Interpol <s> Cameroon <p> instance of <o> republic <s> Cameroon <p> diplomatic relation <o> Nigeria <s> Cameroon <p> shares border with <o> Nigeria <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kuo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Fang <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kung <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kuk <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Duli <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Eman <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kolbila <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> La'bi <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Laimbue <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Isu <s> Cameroon <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> Commonwealth of Nations <s> Cameroon <p> basic form of government <o> republic <s> Cameroon <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Cameroon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> West <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> World Health Organization <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> World Trade Organization <s> Cameroon <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ngamambo <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mono <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Dugun <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Kwaja <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Ncane <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> North Fali <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Yangben <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Gimme <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mbe' <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Iyive <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Zhoa <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Elip <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mendankwe-Nkwen <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mmaala <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Gimnime <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Majera <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mankon <s> Cameroon <p> language used <o> Mangbai <s> Cameroon <p> flag <o> flag of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> Universal Postal Union <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> African Union <s> Cameroon <p> highest judicial authority <o> Supreme Court of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> currency <o> Central African CFA franc <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> International Bank for Reconstruction and Development <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> International Hydrographic Organization <s> Cameroon <p> studied in <o> Cameroon studies <s> Cameroon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> North <s> Cameroon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Adamawa <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> United Nations–African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> International Finance Corporation <s> Cameroon <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Central Africa <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> Organisation internationale de la Francophonie <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> Bank of Central African States <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> Economic Community of Central African States <s> Cameroon <p> instance of <o> country <s> Cameroon <p> anthem <o> O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers <s> Cameroon <p> top-level Internet domain <o> .cm <s> Cameroon <p> highest point <o> Mount Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Centre <s> Cameroon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Southwest <s> Cameroon <p> head of state <o> Paul Biya <s> Cameroon <p> capital <o> Yaoundé <s> Cameroon <p> located in time zone <o> Africa/Douala <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> OHADA <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> Gulf of Guinea Commission <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> AFRISTAT <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> Group on Earth Observations <s> Cameroon <p> replaces <o> United Republic of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> instance of <o> sovereign state <s> Cameroon <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Far North <s> Cameroon <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> South <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> Organisation of Islamic Cooperation <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> International Development Association <s> Cameroon <p> located in time zone <o> West Africa Time <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> International Telecommunication Union <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> African Development Bank <s> Cameroon <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Lake Chad <s> Cameroon <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Gulf of Guinea <s> Cameroon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Littoral <s> Cameroon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> East <s> Cameroon <p> part of <o> Middle Africa <s> Cameroon <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> International Civil Defence Organisation <s> Cameroon <p> member of <o> World Meteorological Organization <s> Cameroon <p> executive body <o> Government of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> head of government <o> Joseph Ngute <s> Cameroon <p> legislative body <o> Parliament of Cameroon <s> Cameroon <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Northwest <s> Cameroon <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tsushima <s> Cameroon <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Cameroon </Graph>

<Text> :Windhoek is the capital and largest city of Namibia. It is located in central Namibia in the Khomas Highland plateau area, at around 1,700 m above sea level, almost exactly at the country's geographical centre. The population of Windhoek, which was 431,000 in 2020, is constantly growing due to a continued migration from other regions in Namibia. Windhoek is the social, economic, political, and cultural centre of the country. Nearly every Namibian national enterprise, governmental body, educational and cultural institution is headquartered there. The city developed at the site of a permanent hot spring known to the local pastoral tribes. It developed rapidly after Jonker Afrikaner, Captain of the Orlam, settled there in 1840 and built a stone church for his community. In the decades following, multiple wars and armed hostilities resulted in the neglect and destruction of the new settlement. Windhoek was founded a second time in 1890 by Imperial German Army Major Curt von Francois, when the territory was colonised by the German Empire. Theories vary on how the city got its modern name of Windhoek. Most believe it is derived from the Afrikaans words wind and hoek . Another theory suggests that Captain Jonker Afrikaner named Windhoek after the Winterhoek Mountains at Tulbagh in South Africa, where his ancestors had lived. The first known mention of the name Windhoek was in a letter from Jonker Afrikaner to Joseph Tindall, dated 12 August 1844. Sfax 'faeks/ sFAKS; Arabic: Sfqs, romanized: Safaqis, Tunisian Arabic: i) is a city in Tunisia, located 270 km southeast of Tunis. The city, founded in AD 849 on the ruins of Berber Taparura, is the capital of the Sfax Governorate , and a Mediterranean port. Sfax has a population of 330,440 . Its main industries include phosphate, olive and nut processing, fishing and international trade. The city is the second-most populous in the country after the capital, Tunis. Present-day Sfax was founded in AD 849 on the site of the Berber town of Taparura. The modern city has also grown to cover some other ancient settlements, most notably Thenae in its southern suburb of Thyna. By the end of the 10th century, Sfax had become an independent city-state. The city was conquered by Roger II of Sicily in 1148 and occupied until it was liberated in 1156 by the Almohads, and was briefly occupied by European forces again, this time by the Spanish, in the 16th century, before falling into Ottoman hands. Sfax became an integral base of the Barbary piracy, prompting an unsuccessful invasion by Venice in 1785. Abou Yahya Abou Bekr finally re-established Hafsid unity and recaptured Kerkennah from the Christians in 1335. The peace returned to the country was only disturbed by rare episodes, the most lasting of which began with the price of Sfax by the dissident brothers, Ahmed and Abdelmalek ben Makki. Durban is the third-most populous city in South Africa after Johannesburg and Cape Town, and the largest city in KwaZulu-Natal. Durban forms part of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, which includes neighbouring towns and has a population of about 4 million, making the combined municipality one of the largest cities on the Indian Ocean coast of the African continent. Durban was also one of the host cities of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Durban was formerly named Port Natal due to its position as the chief seaport of South Africa, and its location on the Natal Bay of the Indian Ocean. Durban is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, and along with Johannesburg is one of the largest cities in Africa. Durban is an ethnically diverse city, with large Zulu, White, and Indian/Asian populations. Archaeological evidence from the Drakensberg mountains suggests that the Durban area has been inhabited by communities of hunter-gatherers since 100,000 BC. These people lived throughout the area of KwaZulu-Natal until the expansion of agro-pastoralists and pastoralists from the north saw their gradual incorporation. Oral history has been passed down from generation to generation by the Zulu nation, who were inhabitants of the land before colonisers, but there is no written history of the area until it was sighted by Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama, who sailed parallel to the KwaZulu-Natal coast at Christmastide in 1497 while searching for a route from Europe to India. He named the area Natal, meaning 'Christmas' in Portuguese. In 1686, a ship from the Dutch East India Company named Stavenisse was wrecked off the eastern coast of South Africa. Some of the survivors made their way to the Bay of Natal where they were taken in by the "Abambo" tribe , which was led by Chief Langalibalele. The crew became fluent in the tribe's language and witnessed their customs. The tribe told them that the land where the Abambo people lived was called Embo by the natives and that the people were very hospitable. Akhisar is a municipality and district of Manisa Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,645 km2, and its population is 177,419 . It is the site of the ancient city of Thyatira. With archaeological findings that are proving settlements going back to 3000 BC, Akhisar has been a busy trade center with its strategic location at the intersection of important roads during ancient and medieval ages. Akhisar also hosted one of the Seven churches of Asia: Thyatira, which is mentioned in the Bible. Akhisar maintained its importance as a regional trade center during the Ottoman period. Today's Akhisar is still the trade and business center in its region. Akhisar's name is internationally associated with tobacco. The fertile Akhisar Plain produces about 10% of total Turkish tobacco production. Akhisar's high-quality olives and olive oil are also globally known. Olive, walnut and almond cultivation is among the important agricultural activities of Akhisar. The town was the most important center in ancient North Lydia. Findings suggest a possible earlier period of pre-eminence under the Hittites. Persian occupation of the region took place around 500 BC. Thyateira was later conquered by Alexander the Great. In later years, Thyateira was captured successively by the Seleucid Empire, the Attalid dynasty of Pergamon, and by Mithridates VI of Pontus, until the Roman Era that started in 80 BC. Taiyuan , Jinyang ) is the capital and largest city of Shanxi Province, China. Taiyuan is the political, economic, cultural and international exchange center of Shanxi Province. It is an industrial base focusing on energy and heavy chemicals. Throughout its long history, Taiyuan was the capital or provisional capital of many dynasties in China, hence the name Longcheng . The two Chinese characters of the city's name are Tai and Yuan , referring to the location where the Fen River leaves the mountains and enters a relatively flat plain. Throughout its long history, the city had various names, including Bingzhou is derived), Jinyang and Longcheng . During the Tang dynasty and subsequent Five Dynasties, the status of the city of Taiyuan was elevated to be the Northern Capital, hence the name Beidu , and Beijing . Taiyuan is an ancient city with more than 2500 years of urban history, dating back from 497 BC. It was the capital or secondary capital of Zhao, Former Qin, Eastern Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Jin, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, Northern Han. Its strategic location and rich history make Taiyuan one of the economic, political, military, and cultural centers of Northern China. Cameroon , officially the Republic of Cameroon , is a country in Central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Its coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. Due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West Africa and Central Africa, it has been categorized as being in both camps. Its nearly 27 million people speak 250 native languages, in addition to the national tongues of English and French, or both. Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad, and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest. Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camaroes , which became Cameroon in English. Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century, and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms. Cameroon became a German colony in 1884 known as Kamerun. After World War I, it was divided between France and the United Kingdom as League of Nations mandates. The Union des Populations du Cameroun political party advocated independence, but was outlawed by France in the 1950s, leading to the national liberation insurgency fought between French and UPC militant forces until early 1971. In 1960, the French-administered part of Cameroon became independent, as the Republic of Cameroun, under President Ahmadou Ahidjo. The southern part of British Cameroons federated with it in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. The federation was abandoned in 1972. The country was renamed the United Republic of Cameroon in 1972 and back to the Republic of Cameroon in 1984 by a presidential decree by president Paul Biya. Biya, the incumbent president, has led the country since 1982 following Ahidjo's resignation; he previously held office as prime minister from 1975 onward. Cameroon is governed as a Unitary Presidential Republic. The official languages of Cameroon are French and English, the official languages of former French Cameroons and British Cameroons. Christianity is the majority religion in Cameroon, with significant minorities practising Islam and traditional faiths. It has experienced tensions from the English-speaking territories, where politicians have advocated for greater decentralisation and even complete separation or independence . In 2017, tensions over the creation of an Ambazonian state in the English-speaking territories escalated into open warfare. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> New York City <s> Tel Aviv <p> language used <o> English <s> Tel Aviv <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Tel Aviv <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:00 <s> Tel Aviv <p> language used <o> Hebrew <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> São Paulo <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Warsaw <s> Tel Aviv <p> capital of <o> Tel Aviv District <s> Tel Aviv <p> language used <o> Arabic <s> Tel Aviv <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Tel Aviv <s> Tel Aviv <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Tel Aviv <s> Tel Aviv <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Tel Aviv-Yafo <s> Tel Aviv <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tel Aviv <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sofia <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cologne <s> Tel Aviv <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Tel Aviv <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Tel Aviv-Yafo <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Tel Aviv <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Tel Aviv <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Tel Aviv by place <s> Tel Aviv <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Tel Aviv <s> Tel Aviv <p> owner of <o> Drive in Arena <s> Tel Aviv <p> instance of <o> city <s> Tel Aviv <p> owner of <o> Bloomfield Stadium <s> Tel Aviv <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Tel Aviv-Yafo <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Łódź <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oslo <s> Tel Aviv <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Tel Aviv <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bonn <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Venice <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Moscow <s> Tel Aviv <p> country <o> Israel <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beijing <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Philadelphia <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buenos Aires <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mexico City <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barcelona <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vienna <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Budapest <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Frankfurt <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Essen <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Panama City <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Addis Ababa <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Belgrade <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rio de Janeiro <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Thessaloniki <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Incheon <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toulouse <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Almaty <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chișinău <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cannes <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> İzmir <s> Tel Aviv <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gaza City <s> Tel Aviv <p> shares border with <o> Herzliya <s> Tel Aviv <p> shares border with <o> Holon <s> Tel Aviv <p> head of government <o> Ron Huldai <s> Tel Aviv <p> shares border with <o> Ramat Gan <s> Tel Aviv <p> shares border with <o> Bnei Brak <s> Tel Aviv <p> shares border with <o> Bat Yam <s> Tel Aviv <p> shares border with <o> Givatayim <s> Tel Aviv <p> instance of <o> city council <s> Tel Aviv <p> named after <o> The Old New Land <s> Tel Aviv <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Tel Aviv District <s> Tel Aviv <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Levantine Sea <s> Tel Aviv <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Tel Aviv <p> shares border with <o> Ramat HaSharon <s> Tel Aviv <p> flag <o> flag of Tel Aviv <s> Tel Aviv <p> coat of arms <o> Emblem of Tel Aviv-Jaffa <s> Guadalajara <p> different from <o> Guadalajara <s> Guadalajara <p> continent <o> North America <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Daejeon <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kyoto <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Liverpool <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Washington, D.C. <s> Guadalajara <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Guadalajara <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Osaka <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lansing <s> Guadalajara <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Guadalajara <p> instance of <o> city <s> Guadalajara <p> capital of <o> Jalisco <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Guadalajara <p> located in statistical territorial entity <o> Guadalajara metropolitan area <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Antonio <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hagåtña <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Prishtina <s> Guadalajara <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Guadalajara <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kraków <s> Guadalajara <p> capital of <o> Guadalajara Municipality <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Alajuela <s> Guadalajara <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Guadalajara, Mexico <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cali <s> Guadalajara <p> category for people who died here <o> Death in Guadalajara, Mexico <s> Guadalajara <p> part of <o> Western Mexico <s> Guadalajara <p> country <o> Mexico <s> Guadalajara <p> patron saint <o> Our lady of zapopan <s> Guadalajara <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Guadalajara, Jalisco <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Arequipa <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Albuquerque <s> Guadalajara <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Guadalajara <p> official language <o> Spanish <s> Guadalajara <p> capital of <o> Nueva Galicia <s> Guadalajara <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Guadalajara <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Guadalajara, Jalisco <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Athens <s> Guadalajara <p> located in time zone <o> Central Time Zone <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brownsville <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Maracaibo <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dagupan <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tegucigalpa <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toulouse <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Guadalajara Province <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wrocław <s> Guadalajara <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Culiacán <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Luxembourg <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ceuta <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Downey <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oaxaca de Juárez <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Seville <s> Guadalajara <p> founded by <o> Cristóbal de Oñate <s> Guadalajara <p> instance of <o> metropolis <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cigales <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Duarte <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ciudad Guzmán <s> Guadalajara <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brasília <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Panama City <s> Guadalajara <p> shares border with <o> Tlaquepaque <s> Guadalajara <p> instance of <o> global city <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oñati <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Juliaca <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Portland <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Jose <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Curitiba <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dublin <s> Guadalajara <p> shares border with <o> Zapopan <s> Guadalajara <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Malabo <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Valladolid <s> Guadalajara <p> shares border with <o> Tonalá <s> Guadalajara <p> shares border with <o> Ixtlahuacán del Río <s> Guadalajara <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Guadalajara Municipality <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tucson <s> Guadalajara <p> twinned administrative body <o> Laredo <s> Guadalajara <p> flag <o> flag of Guadalajara <s> Guadalajara <p> instance of <o> locality of Mexico <s> Guadalajara <p> head of government <o> Pablo Lemus <s> Osaka <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+09:00 <s> Osaka <p> continent <o> Asia <s> Osaka <p> country <o> Japan <s> Osaka <p> capital of <o> Osaka Prefecture <s> Osaka <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Osaka <s> Osaka <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Osaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Budapest <s> Osaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Osaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buenos Aires <s> Osaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Osaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manila <s> Osaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hamburg <s> Osaka <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Osaka <s> Osaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shanghai <s> Osaka <p> associated electoral district <o> Osaka 2nd district <s> Osaka <p> associated electoral district <o> Osaka 1st district <s> Osaka <p> associated electoral district <o> Osaka 5th district <s> Osaka <p> associated electoral district <o> Osaka 4th district <s> Osaka <p> associated electoral district <o> Osaka 3rd district <s> Osaka <p> associated electoral district <o> Osaka 6th district <s> Osaka <p> significant event <o> Siege of Osaka <s> Osaka <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Osaka <s> Osaka <p> described by source <o> New Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Osaka <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Osaka <p> described by source <o> Encyclopaedia Hebraica <s> Osaka <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Osaka <p> replaces <o> Tanabe <s> Osaka <p> replaces <o> Nakashima <s> Osaka <p> part of <o> Santo <s> Osaka <p> part of <o> Osaka metropolitan area <s> Osaka <p> part of <o> three major cities in Japan <s> Osaka <p> part of <o> six greatest cities in Japan (1922) <s> Osaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Aksaray <s> Osaka <p> owner of <o> Osaka Pool <s> Osaka <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Osaka Plain <s> Osaka <p> highest point <o> Mount Tenpō <s> Osaka <p> shares border with <o> Amagasaki <s> Osaka <p> legal form <o> ordinary local public entity <s> Osaka <p> part of <o> Keihanshin <s> Osaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> São Paulo <s> Osaka <p> instance of <o> megacity <s> Osaka <p> instance of <o> metropolis <s> Osaka <p> shares border with <o> Sakai <s> Osaka <p> owner of <o> Yodoko Sakura Stadium <s> Osaka <p> owner of <o> Maishima Arena <s> Osaka <p> official symbol <o> cherry blossom <s> Osaka <p> significant event <o> Rebellion of Ōshio Heihachirō <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kita-ku <s> Osaka <p> capital <o> Kita-ku <s> Osaka <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Osaka <p> language used <o> Osaka Dialect <s> Osaka <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Osaka <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yodogawa-ku <s> Osaka <p> shares border with <o> Yao <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Fukushima-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Suminoe-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishiyodogawa-ku <s> Osaka <p> has part(s) <o> Kita <s> Osaka <p> has part(s) <o> Minami <s> Osaka <p> significant event <o> Great Fire of Kyōhō <s> Osaka <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Ōsaka <s> Osaka <p> head of government <o> Ichirō Matsui <s> Osaka <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Osaka <s> Osaka <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Osaka <s> Osaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dubai <s> Osaka <p> history of topic <o> timeline of Osaka <s> Osaka <p> instance of <o> city of Japan <s> Osaka <p> instance of <o> city designated by government ordinance <s> Osaka <p> headquarters location <o> Kita-ku <s> Osaka <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Osaka <p> official symbol <o> Viola × wittrockiana <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Minato-ku <s> Osaka <p> shares border with <o> Daito <s> Osaka <p> shares border with <o> Higashiosaka <s> Osaka <p> shares border with <o> Kadoma <s> Osaka <p> shares border with <o> Settsu <s> Osaka <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Osaka <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Osaka <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Osaka Prefecture <s> Osaka <p> shares border with <o> Toyonaka <s> Osaka <p> instance of <o> port settlement <s> Osaka <p> instance of <o> city for international conferences and tourism <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Taishō-ku <s> Osaka <p> shares border with <o> Suita <s> Osaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Guadalajara <s> Osaka <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Osaka <s> Osaka <p> flag <o> Miotsukushi <s> Osaka <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Higashi-Yokobori River <s> Osaka <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Osaka Bay <s> Osaka <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Aji River <s> Osaka <p> legislative body <o> Osaka City Council <s> Osaka <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Osaka <s> Osaka <p> shares border with <o> Matsubara <s> Osaka <p> shares border with <o> Moriguchi <s> Osaka <p> instance of <o> former capital <s> Osaka <p> instance of <o> prefectural capital of Japan <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishi-ku <s> Osaka <p> top-level Internet domain <o> .osaka <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jōtō-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashiyodogawa-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Abeno-ku <s> Osaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> City of Melbourne <s> Osaka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chicago <s> Osaka <p> owner of <o> Osaka City Ground <s> Osaka <p> anthem <o> Osaka City Anthem <s> Osaka <p> anthem <o> Ōsaka shi no Uta <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chūō-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Naniwa-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Asahi-ku <s> Osaka <p> executive body <o> Government of Osaka <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nishinari-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sumiyoshi-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashinari-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Konohana-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tsurumi-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Miyakojima-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ikuno-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tennōji-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hirano-ku <s> Osaka <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Higashisumiyoshi-ku <s> Santo Domingo <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Caribbean Sea <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> New York City <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barcelona <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Guatemala City <s> Santo Domingo <p> different from <o> Santo Domingo <s> Santo Domingo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−04:00 <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bern <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Havana <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Caracas <s> Santo Domingo <p> capital of <o> Dominican Republic <s> Santo Domingo <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Taipei <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lima <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Berlin <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> London <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Madrid <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Quito <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> San José <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Asunción <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Curitiba <s> Santo Domingo <p> part of <o> Greater Santo Domingo <s> Santo Domingo <p> significant event <o> Siege of Santo Domingo <s> Santo Domingo <p> significant event <o> Siege of Santo Domingo <s> Santo Domingo <p> instance of <o> city <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Boston <s> Santo Domingo <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Salvador <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santiago <s> Santo Domingo <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Miami <s> Santo Domingo <p> country <o> Dominican Republic <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Managua <s> Santo Domingo <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cranston <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lisbon <s> Santo Domingo <p> capital of <o> Distrito Nacional <s> Santo Domingo <p> capital of <o> Ozama <s> Santo Domingo <p> capital of <o> Republic of Spanish Haiti <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manaus <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fiuggi <s> Santo Domingo <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Santo Domingo <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 10 <s> Santo Domingo <p> significant event <o> Dominican-French War <s> Santo Domingo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Santo Domingo <s> Santo Domingo <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Santo Domingo <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beijing <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rio de Janeiro <s> Santo Domingo <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Santo Domingo <s> Santo Domingo <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Santo Domingo <s> Santo Domingo <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> WikiProject African diaspora <s> Santo Domingo <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Santo Domingo <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rabat <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sarasota <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Miami-Dade County <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Haifa <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rosario <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> New Jersey <s> Santo Domingo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Distrito Nacional <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mexico City <s> Santo Domingo <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Santo Domingo <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Ozama River <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montevideo <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> La Muela <s> Santo Domingo <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Haina River <s> Santo Domingo <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Isabela River <s> Santo Domingo <p> named after <o> Saint Dominic <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> La Paz <s> Santo Domingo <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barranquilla <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buenos Aires <s> Santo Domingo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santa Cruz de Tenerife <s> Santo Domingo <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Santo Domingo <p> founded by <o> Bartholomew Columbus <s> Arese <p> seismic classification <o> 4 <s> Arese <p> country <o> Italy <s> Arese <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Arese <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Arese <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Arese <p> patron saint <o> Peter <s> Arese <p> shares border with <o> Garbagnate Milanese <s> Arese <p> shares border with <o> Bollate <s> Arese <p> topic's main category <o> Arese <s> Arese <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Arese <p> shares border with <o> Rho <s> Arese <p> capital <o> Arese <s> Arese <p> shares border with <o> Lainate <s> Arese <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mosonmagyaróvár <s> Arese <p> twinned administrative body <o> Campolieto <s> Arese <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Cormano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Cormano <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Cormano <p> shares border with <o> Novate Milanese <s> Cormano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Cormano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Cormano <p> shares border with <o> Paderno Dugnano <s> Cormano <p> capital <o> Cormano <s> Cormano <p> shares border with <o> Cusano Milanino <s> Cormano <p> shares border with <o> Bresso <s> Cormano <p> shares border with <o> Bollate <s> Cormano <p> patron saint <o> Peter <s> Cormano <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Cormano <p> seismic classification <o> 4 <s> Cormano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Cormano <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Cormano <s> Cusago <p> country <o> Italy <s> Cusago <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Cusago <p> shares border with <o> Trezzano sul Naviglio <s> Cusago <p> shares border with <o> Settimo Milanese <s> Cusago <p> shares border with <o> Cornaredo <s> Cusago <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Cusago <p> shares border with <o> Gaggiano <s> Cusago <p> shares border with <o> Bareggio <s> Cusago <p> shares border with <o> Cisliano <s> Cusago <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Cusago <p> patron saint <o> Vincent Ferrer <s> Cusago <p> described by source <o> Regesta Imperii <s> Cusago <p> capital <o> Cusago <s> Cusago <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Cusago <s> Cusago <p> seismic classification <o> 4 <s> Cusago <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Cusago <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Cusago <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Cusago <s> Corsico <p> seismic classification <o> 4 <s> Corsico <p> country <o> Italy <s> Corsico <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Corsico <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Corsico <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Corsico <p> shares border with <o> Trezzano sul Naviglio <s> Corsico <p> shares border with <o> Buccinasco <s> Corsico <p> shares border with <o> Cesano Boscone <s> Corsico <p> twinned administrative body <o> Malakoff <s> Corsico <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Corsico <s> Corsico <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mataró <s> Corsico <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Corsico <p> capital <o> Corsico <s> Corsico <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Corsico <p> twinned administrative body <o> Regla <s> Corsico <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Corsico <s> San Donato Milanese <p> seismic classification <o> 3 <s> San Donato Milanese <p> country <o> Italy <s> San Donato Milanese <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> San Donato Milanese <p> capital <o> San Donato Milanese <s> San Donato Milanese <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> San Donato Milanese <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People of San Donato Milanese <s> San Donato Milanese <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> San Donato Milanese <p> topic's main category <o> Category:San Donato Milanese <s> San Donato Milanese <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> San Donato Milanese <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in San Donato Milanese <s> San Donato Milanese <p> shares border with <o> San Giuliano Milanese <s> San Donato Milanese <p> shares border with <o> Mediglia <s> San Donato Milanese <p> shares border with <o> Opera <s> San Donato Milanese <p> shares border with <o> Locate di Triulzi <s> San Donato Milanese <p> shares border with <o> Peschiera Borromeo <s> San Donato Milanese <p> patron saint <o> Donatus of Arezzo <s> San Donato Milanese <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Rho <p> country <o> Italy <s> Rho <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Rho <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Rho <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Rho <p> shares border with <o> Cornaredo <s> Rho <p> shares border with <o> Pregnana Milanese <s> Rho <p> shares border with <o> Pogliano Milanese <s> Rho <p> shares border with <o> Arese <s> Rho <p> shares border with <o> Settimo Milanese <s> Rho <p> capital <o> Rho <s> Rho <p> shares border with <o> Pero <s> Rho <p> shares border with <o> Lainate <s> Rho <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Rho <p> influenced by <o> Rino Clerici <s> Rho <p> seismic classification <o> 4 <s> Rho <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Rho <p> patron saint <o> Victor Maurus <s> Rho <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Rho <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Rho <s> Rho <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Rho <s> Rho <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Rho, Lombardy <s> Rho <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Rho </Graph>

<Text> :Tel Aviv-Yafo , usually referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the Gush Dan metropolitan area of Israel. Located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline and with a population of 467,875, it is the economic and technological center of the country. If East Jerusalem is considered part of Israel, Tel Aviv is the country's second-most-populous city, after Jerusalem; if not, Tel Aviv is the most populous city, ahead of West Jerusalem. Tel Aviv is governed by the Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality, headed by Mayor Ron Huldai, and is home to most of Israel's foreign embassies. It is a beta+ world city and is ranked 57th in the 2022 Global Financial Centres Index. Tel Aviv has the third- or fourth-largest economy and the largest economy per capita in the Middle East. The city currently has the highest cost of living in the world. Tel Aviv receives over 2.5 million international visitors annually. A "party capital" in the Middle East, it has a lively nightlife and 24-hour culture. The city is gay-friendly, with a large LGBT community. Tel Aviv is home to Tel Aviv University, the largest university in the country with more than 30,000 students. The city was founded in 1909 by the Yishuv and initially given the Hebrew name Ahuzat Bayit , namesake of the Jewish association which established the neighbourhood as a modern housing estate on the outskirts of the ancient port city of Jaffa , then part of the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem within the Ottoman Empire. Its name was changed the following year to Tel Aviv, after the biblical name Tel Abib adopted by Nahum Sokolow as the title for his Hebrew translation of Theodor Herzl's 1902 novel Altneuland . Other Jewish suburbs of Jaffa had been established before Tel Aviv, the oldest among them being Neve Tzedek. Tel Aviv was given township status within the Jaffa Municipality in 1921, and became independent from Jaffa in 1934. Immigration by mostly Jewish refugees meant that the growth of Tel Aviv soon outpaced that of Jaffa, which had a majority Arab population at the time. In 1948 the Israeli Declaration of Independence was proclaimed in the city. After the 1947-1949 Palestine war, Tel Aviv began the municipal annexation of parts of Jaffa, fully unified with Jaffa under the name Tel Aviv in April 1950, and was formally renamed to Tel Aviv-Yafo in August 1950. Tel Aviv's White City, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003, comprises the world's largest concentration of International Style buildings, including Bauhaus and other related modernist architectural styles. Popular attractions include Jaffa Old City, the Eretz Israel Museum, the Museum of Art, Hayarkon Park, and the city's promenade and beach. Guadalajara is a city in western Mexico and the capital of the state of Jalisco. According to the 2020 census, the city has a population of 1,385,629 people, making it the 7th most populous city in Mexico, while the Guadalajara metropolitan area has a population of 5,268,642 people, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in the country and the twentieth largest metropolitan area in the Americas. Guadalajara has the second-highest population density in Mexico, with over 10,361 people per square kilometer. Within Mexico, Guadalajara is a center of business, arts and culture, technology and tourism; as well as the economic center of the Bajio region. It usually ranks among the 100 most productive and globally competitive cities in the world. It is home to numerous landmarks, including Guadalajara Cathedral, the Teatro Degollado, the Templo Expiatorio, the UNESCO World Heritage site Hospicio Cabanas, and the San Juan de Dios Market--the largest indoor market in Latin America. A settlement was established in the region of Guadalajara in early 1532 by Cristobal de Onate, a Basque conquistador in the expedition of Nuno Beltran de Guzman. The settlement was renamed and moved several times before assuming the name Guadalajara after the birthplace of Guzman and ending up at its current location in the Atemajac Valley in 1542. On November 8, 1539 the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V had granted a coat of arms and the title of city to the new town and established it as the capital of the Kingdom of Nueva Galicia, part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. After 1572, the Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara, previously subordinate to Mexico City, became the only authority in New Spain with autonomy over Nueva Galicia, owing to rapidly growing wealth in the kingdom following the discovery of silver. By the 18th century, Guadalajara had taken its place as Mexico's second largest city, following mass colonial migrations in the 1720s and 1760s. During the Mexican War of Independence, independence leader Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla established Mexico's first revolutionary government in Guadalajara in 1810. The city flourished during the Porfiriato, with the advent of the industrial revolution, but its growth was hampered significantly during the Mexican Revolution. In 1929, the Cristero War ended within the confines of the city, when President Plutarco Elias Calles proclaimed the Grito de Guadalajara. The city saw continuous growth throughout the rest of the 20th century, attaining a metro population of 1 million in the 1960s and surpassing 3 million in the 1990s. Guadalajara is a Gamma+ global city, and one of Mexico's most important cultural centers. It is home to numerous mainstays of Mexican culture, including Mariachi, Tequila, and Birria and hosts numerous notable events, including the Guadalajara International Film Festival, one of the most important film festival in Latin America, and the Guadalajara International Book Fair, the largest book fair in the Americas. The city was the American Capital of Culture in 2005 and has hosted numerous global events, including the 1970 FIFA World Cup, the 1986 FIFA World Cup, the 1st Ibero-American Summit in 1991, and the 2011 Pan American Games. The city is home to numerous universities and research institutions, including the University of Guadalajara and the Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara, two of the highest-ranked universities in Mexico. The conquistador Cristobal de Onate named the city in honor of the conqueror of western Mexico, Nuno de Guzman, who was born in Guadalajara, Spain, which is derived from Moorish Arabic wdy lHjr@ , which means 'Valley of the Stones', or 'Fortress Valley'. Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan, and one of the three major cities of Japan . It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third-most populous city in Japan, following the special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of 2.7 million in the 2020 census, it is also the largest component of the Keihanshin Metropolitan Area, which is the second-largest metropolitan area in Japan and the 10th-largest urban area in the world with more than 19 million inhabitants. Osaka was traditionally considered Japan's economic hub. By the Kofun period it had developed into an important regional port, and in the 7th and 8th centuries, it served briefly as the imperial capital. Osaka continued to flourish during the Edo period and became known as a center of Japanese culture. Following the Meiji Restoration, Osaka greatly expanded in size and underwent rapid industrialization. In 1889, Osaka was officially established as a municipality. The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades, and by the 1900s, Osaka was the industrial hub in the Meiji and Taisho periods. Osaka made noted contributions to redevelopment, urban planning and zoning standards in the postwar period, the city developed rapidly as one of the major financial centers in the Keihanshin Metropolitan Area. Osaka is a major financial center of Japan, and it is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in Japan. The city is home to the Osaka Exchange as well as the headquarters of multinational electronics corporations such as Panasonic and Sharp. Osaka is an international center of research and development and is represented by several major universities, notably Osaka University, Osaka Metropolitan University, and Kansai University. Famous landmarks in the city include Osaka Castle, Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan, Dotonbori, Tsutenkaku in Shinsekai, Tennoji Park, Abeno Harukas, Sumiyoshi Taisha Grand Shrine, and Shitenno-ji, one of the oldest Buddhist temples in Japan. By the Edo period, Da Ban and Da Ban were mixed use, and the writer Hamamatsu Utakuni , in his book Setsuyo Ochiboshu published in 1808, states that the kanji Ban was abhorred because it "returns to the earth," and then Ban was used. The kanji Tu is also similar to the word Shi , and Fan means against, so Ban can be understood as "samurai rebellion," then Ban was official name in 1868 after the Meiji Restoration. The older kanji is still in very limited use, usually only in historical contexts. As an abbreviation, the modern kanji Ban han refers to Osaka City or Osaka Prefecture. Santo Domingo , once known as Santo Domingo de Guzman, known as Ciudad Trujillo between 1936 and 1961, is the capital and largest city of the Dominican Republic and the largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean by population. As of 2022, the city and immediate surrounding area had a population of 1,029,110 while the total population is 3,798,699 when including Greater Santo Domingo . The city is coterminous with the boundaries of the Distrito Nacional , itself bordered on three sides by Santo Domingo Province. Founded by the Spanish in 1496, on the east bank of the Ozama River and then moved by Nicolas de Ovando in 1502 to the west bank of the river, the city is the oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in the Americas, and was the first seat of the Spanish colonial rule in the New World, the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo. It is the site of the first university, cathedral, castle, monastery, and fortress in the New World. The city's Colonial Zone was declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Santo Domingo was called Ciudad Trujillo , from 1936 to 1961, after the Dominican Republic's dictator, Rafael Trujillo, named the capital after himself. Following his assassination, the city resumed its original designation. Santo Domingo is the cultural, financial, political, commercial and industrial center of the Dominican Republic, with the vast majority of the country's most important industries being located within the city. Santo Domingo also serves as the chief seaport of the country. The city's harbor at the mouth of the Ozama River accommodates the largest vessels, and the port handles both heavy passenger and freight traffic. Prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, the native Taino people populated the island which they called Quisqueya, Kiskella and Ayiti , and which Columbus later named Hispaniola, including the territory of today's Republic of Haiti. At the time, the island's territory consisted of five chiefdoms: Marien, Magua, Maguana, Jaragua, and Higuey. These were ruled respectively by caciques Guacanagarix, Guarionex, Caonabo, Bohechio, and Cayacoa. Starting in 1960 Arese hosted the main seat of Alfa Romeo, partly in the territories of Lainate and Garbagnate Milanese. After three years of building work the Alfa Romeo Arese Plant began vehicle production in 1963, which would continue for decades, becoming the biggest production facility for Alfa Romeo. The factory became known simply as 'Arese' since most of the industrial area and its main entrance were in this municipality. Following a gradual decrease in production the factory ceased manufacturing in 2005. Today the factory is almost totally closed and abandoned, since the Alfa Romeo owners have almost completely moved design and production to other factories in Italy and abroad. The few remaining employees have often demonstrated against their dismissal. At the moment most of the factory buildings are abandoned and the local councils are looking for projects to use the huge area in a proper way, given its location. Arese and the factory are in fact very close to the exhibition centre FieraMilano located in neighbouring Rho. One of the few activities still in the old Alfa Romeo factories is the Museo Storico Alfa Romeo, which is in a dedicated building of great architectural value. In early 2011 Fiat announced the closure of the museum for renovations after the Ministry for Cultural Activities had declared the building and the collection of national cultural interest at the request of the municipality of Arese. After four years the museum officially reopened in June 2015. The city of Arese is highly residential, with a large number of condominiums and other housing developments. A large number of parks and playgrounds are complemented by a numerous key services. To the North of the city is the Giada shopping centre, built around a large square and comprising a large hotel, shops and bars. In the centre of the city are two main squares around which can be found bars, shops and a Cinema. The city also has a large communal sports centre comprising a wide range of indoor and outdoor facilities and the home of the local Arese football club. San Donato Milanese is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 10 kilometres southeast of Milan. It is served by the San Donato underground station right on the borderline between the town and Milan and by the San Donato Milanese railway station, serving only trains for the Trenord S1 line "Saronno-Lodi" and vice versa. Although the area was settled in ancient times, the origins of San Donato date back to the 7th century, when a pieve was founded here by the army of Grimoald I, Duke of Benevento. After a period under the Milanese family De Advocati, the town was a possession of the archbishops of Milan until the 16th century. A series of abbeys were founded in the area by Bernard of Clairvaux during the 11th century. Later Frederick Barbarossa resided here after his destruction of Milan, while the Visconti and the Torriani fought here for the possession of the duchy of Milan. The battle of Marignano was also fought nearby, Francis I of France settled his headquarters here after the battle. On 3 October 2021, a private plane crashed into an empty building under renovation on San Donato Milanese after taking off from Milan to go to Olbia. The plane had 8 passengers, all of whom died. One of the deceased was Dan Petrescu, a Romanian businessman and billionaire, one of the richest people in Romania at the time and the owner of the plane. Rho is the seventeenth letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 100. It is derived from Phoenician letter res . Its uppercase form uses the same glyph, R, as the distinct Latin letter P; the two letters have different Unicode encodings. Rho is classed as a liquid consonant , which has important implications for morphology. In both Ancient and Modern Greek, it represents an alveolar trill IPA: , alveolar tap IPA: , or alveolar approximant IPA: . In polytonic orthography, a rho at the beginning of a word is written with a rough breathing, equivalent to h , and a double rho within a word is written with a smooth breathing over the first rho and a rough breathing over the second . That apparently reflected an aspirated or voiceless pronunciation in Ancient Greek, which led to the various Greek-derived English words starting with rh or containing rrh. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Wouri River <p> country <o> Cameroon <s> Wouri River <p> instance of <o> river <s> Wouri River <p> instance of <o> watercourse <s> Wouri River <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Bight of Biafra <s> Wouri River <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Littoral <s> Wouri River <p> tributary <o> Abo <s> Wouri River <p> different from <o> Wouri <s> Wouri River <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Wouri River <s> Zagarolo <p> country <o> Italy <s> Zagarolo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Zagarolo <s> Zagarolo <p> capital of <o> Zagarolo <s> Zagarolo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Zagarolo <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Zagarolo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> country <o> France <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Six-Fours-les-Plages <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Six-Fours-les-Plages <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> associated electoral district <o> canton of la Seyne-sur-Mer-2 <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Six-Fours-les-Plages <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> capital of <o> canton of Six-Fours-les-Plages <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zagarolo <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> shares border with <o> La Seyne-sur-Mer <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Var <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> canton of Six-Fours-les-Plages <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> instance of <o> commune of France <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> twinned administrative body <o> Emmendingen <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> shares border with <o> Sanary-sur-Mer <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> shares border with <o> Ollioules <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> arrondissement of Toulon <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> head of government <o> Jean-Sébastien Vialatte <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> archives at <o> archives municipales de Six-Fours-les-Plages <s> Six-Fours-les-Plages <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Six-Fours-les-Plages <s> Category:Zagarolo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Zagarolo <p> category's main topic <o> Zagarolo <s> Nelahozeves <p> headquarters location <o> Nelahozeves <s> Nelahozeves <p> country <o> Czech Republic <s> Nelahozeves <p> historical region <o> Bohemia <s> Nelahozeves <p> shares border with <o> Veltrusy <s> Nelahozeves <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zagarolo <s> Nelahozeves <p> shares border with <o> Sazená <s> Nelahozeves <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hleďsebe 1.díl <s> Nelahozeves <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lešany (Nelahozeves) <s> Nelahozeves <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Podhořany <s> Nelahozeves <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hleďsebe 2.díl <s> Nelahozeves <p> shares border with <o> Uhy <s> Nelahozeves <p> shares border with <o> Nová Ves <s> Nelahozeves <p> shares border with <o> Kralupy nad Vltavou <s> Nelahozeves <p> instance of <o> municipality of the Czech Republic <s> Nelahozeves <p> shares border with <o> Velvary <s> Nelahozeves <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Nelahozeves <s> Nelahozeves <p> described by source <o> Vlastenský slovník historický <s> Nelahozeves <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Nelahozeves <s> Category:Deaths in Zagarolo <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Zagarolo <p> category combines topics <o> Zagarolo <s> Category:Deaths in Zagarolo <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Zagarolo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Sack of Rome <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia disambiguation page <s> Sack of Rome <p> different from <o> Capture of Rome <s> Western Roman Empire <p> official religion <o> Christianity <s> Western Roman Empire <p> country <o> Western Roman Empire <s> Western Roman Empire <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Western Roman Empire <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Western Roman Empire <p> replaces <o> Roman Empire <s> Western Roman Empire <p> basic form of government <o> monarchy <s> Western Roman Empire <p> shares border with <o> Byzantine Empire <s> Western Roman Empire <p> replaced by <o> Francia <s> Western Roman Empire <p> official language <o> Latin <s> Western Roman Empire <p> religion or worldview <o> Christianity <s> Western Roman Empire <p> basic form of government <o> autocracy <s> Western Roman Empire <p> instance of <o> historical country <s> Western Roman Empire <p> language used <o> Latin <s> Western Roman Empire <p> capital <o> Ravenna <s> Western Roman Empire <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Western Roman Empire <s> Western Roman Empire <p> capital <o> Mediolanum <s> Western Roman Empire <p> currency <o> Roman currency <s> Western Roman Empire <p> legislative body <o> Senate of the Roman Empire <s> Western Roman Empire <p> office held by head of the organization <o> Western Roman emperor <s> Western Roman Empire <p> significant event <o> Deposition of Romulus Augustulus <s> Western Roman Empire <p> replaced by <o> Visigothic Kingdom of Tolosa <s> Western Roman Empire <p> replaced by <o> Kingdom of Italy <s> Western Roman Empire <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Western Roman Empire <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Western Roman Empire <p> part of <o> Low Roman Empire <s> fall of the western Roman Empire <p> country <o> Western Roman Empire <s> fall of the western Roman Empire <p> instance of <o> dissolution of an administrative territorial entity <s> fall of the western Roman Empire <p> instance of <o> decadence <s> fall of the western Roman Empire <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> fall of the western Roman Empire <p> facet of <o> history of the Roman Empire <s> fall of the western Roman Empire <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Fall of the Western Roman Empire <s> fall of the western Roman Empire <p> subclass of <o> history of Rome <s> fall of the western Roman Empire <p> facet of <o> Classical Roman Empire <s> fall of the western Roman Empire <p> has part(s) <o> Battle of the Catalaunian Plains <s> Vandal Kingdom <p> replaced by <o> praetorian prefecture of Africa <s> Vandal Kingdom <p> office held by head of the organization <o> king of the Vandals <s> Vandal Kingdom <p> continent <o> Africa <s> Vandal Kingdom <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Vandal Kingdom <p> capital <o> Carthage <s> Vandal Kingdom <p> instance of <o> barbarian kingdoms <s> Vandal Kingdom <p> capital <o> Hippo Regius <s> Vandal Kingdom <p> instance of <o> historical country <s> Vandal Kingdom <p> ethnic group <o> Vandals <s> Vandal Kingdom <p> instance of <o> realm <s> Vandal Kingdom <p> basic form of government <o> Tanistry </Graph>

<Text> :The Wouri is a river in Cameroon. Cameroon has many water bodies and amongst these are two major rivers, the Sanaga, the longest at about 525 km long and the Wouri, the largest. The Wouri forms at the confluence of the rivers Nkam and Makombe, 32 km northeast of the city of Yabassi. It then flows about 160 km southeast to the Wouri estuary at Douala, the chief port and industrial city in the southwestern part of Cameroon on the Gulf of Guinea. The river is navigable about 64 km upriver from Douala. The Portuguese navigator and explorer Fernao do Po or Fernando Po, is believed to be the first European to explore the estuary of the Wouri, around the year 1472. The explorers noted an abundance of the mud lobster Lepidophthalmus turneranus in the Wouri River and named it "Rio dos Camaroes", Portuguese for "River of Prawns", and the phrase from which the name Cameroon derived. The phrase "Rio dos Camaroes" later became Camarones when the Spanish arrived in the region. Then, during the German protectorate in the country which started in 1884, the country's name changed to Kamerun before the Treaty of Versailles placed the country under French and British authority in 1919 which led to the final name "Cameroon". In the 1950s, during the colonial period, the French built a bridge of 1 km across the river, the longest in the central African sub-region. It connects Douala with the city of Bonaberi and is not only of great economic importance to western Cameroon, carrying auto, truck, and train traffic but also a central tool for international exchanges with landlocked countries like Chad and the Central African Republic. Since 2004 the bridge has been undergoing a major rehabilitation. With an initial capacity of 2,000 vehicles per day, this bridge now supports more than 45,000 vehicles everyday creating monstrous traffic at the entrance of Douala's heart. With a cost of almost CFA 141,6 billion, the second bridge on the Wouri river is 756 m long and 34 m width and has a 746 m long railway. Constructed by the multinational road construction company SOGEA SATOM and financed by the Cameroonian government and a loan from the French government, this bridge will help decongest traffic on the first bridge. The construction of this bridge is important for Cameroon's economy and will facilitate exchanges in the central African region which opens to the world through Cameroon and its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. The bridge is meant to be commissioned before the end of 2018. Zagarolo is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, in the region of Lazio of central Italy. It lies 34 kilometres southeast of Rome, and it borders the municipalities of Colonna, Gallicano nel Lazio, Monte Compatri, Palestrina, Rome, San Cesareo . Zagarolo's town centre lies on a very narrow tuff hill, 2 kilometres long and about 100 metres wide, at an elevation of 310 metres , surrounded by green valleys. The southern continuation of an important pilgrim route, the Via Francigena passes through the Zagarolo countryside. Zagarolo may have origins in Gabii, an ancient city founded in the 5th century, and sited a few kilometres from Zagarolo. It was an ancient Roman town and there are remains of a Roman amphitheatre. Most of the main attractions of Zagarolo are in the historical town centre, concentrated around the narrow 1.5-kilometre long main street . Six-Fours-les-Plages , is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region in southeastern France. Inhabitants of Six-Fours-les-Plages refer to themselves as "Six-Fournais". The city offers several points of interest. The fort on the hill that dominates the city neighbours an eleventh-century chapel, St Peter "collegiale". There are also nice beaches from the very popular "brutal beach", famous for windsurfing to the secret cove in the Sicie massif. The Ile des Embiez is the site of an oceanographic research centre, and the smaller Ile Gaou is where concerts are organised every summer. Nelahozeves is a municipality and village in Melnik District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,200 inhabitants. It is known for the Nelahozeves Castle and as the birthplace of Antonin Dvorak, who is one of the most important Czech composers. Nelahozeves is located about 18 kilometres north of Prague. It lies in the Lower Ohre Table. The municipality is situated on the left bank of the Vltava River. The highest point is at 274 m above sea level. The first written mention of Nelahozeves is from 1352, when the Church of Saint Andrew already existed. The village was owned by the royal chamber and then by the Metropolitan Chapter at Saint Vitus. After the Hussite Wars, it was again property of Czech kings. In 1544, Nelahozeves was acquired by Florian Griesbeck of Griesbach. He had built a castle here, the construction of which began in 1553. His son, Blazej, continued to expand the estate and completed the construction of the castle in its final form in 1613. After his death in 1620, however, he left the estate in debt, so it was bought by Polyxena of Lobkowicz in 1623. The estate suffered damage during the Thirty Years' War, but recovered in the second half of the 17th century. After the war, the castle was reconstructed by Vaclav Eusebius Lobkowicz, who used the castle as the centre for administration and management of his estates. However, the castle never served as the Lobkowicz family's residence. The Lobkowicz family owned Nelahozeves until the establishment of an independent municipality in 1850. The term Western Roman Empire is used in modern historiography to refer to the western provinces of the Roman Empire, collectively, during any period in which they were administered separately from the eastern provinces by a separate, independent imperial court. Particularly during the period from 395 to 476 AD, there were separate, coequal courts dividing the governance of the empire into the Western provinces and the Eastern provinces with a distinct imperial succession in the separate courts. The terms Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire were coined in modern times to describe political entities that were de facto independent; contemporary Romans did not consider the Empire to have been split into two empires but viewed it as a single polity governed by two imperial courts for administrative expediency. The Western Empire collapsed in 476, and the Western imperial court in Ravenna disappeared by 554 AD, at the end of Justinian's Gothic War. Though there were periods with more than one emperor ruling jointly before, the view that it was impossible for a single emperor to govern the entire Empire was institutionalized by emperor Diocletian following the disastrous civil wars and disintegrations of the Crisis of the Third Century. He introduced the system of the Tetrarchy in 286, with two senior emperors titled Augustus, one in the East and one in the West, each with an appointed subordinate and heir titled Caesar. Though the tetrarchic system would collapse in a matter of years, the East-West administrative division would endure in one form or another over the coming centuries. As such, the unofficial Western Roman Empire would exist intermittently in several periods between the 3rd and 5th centuries. Some emperors, such as Constantine I and Theodosius I, governed, if briefly, as the sole Augustus across the Roman Empire. On the death of Theodosius in 395, the empire was divided between his two infant sons, with Honorius as his successor in the West governing briefly from Mediolanum then from Ravenna, and Arcadius as his successor in the East governing from Constantinople. In 476, after the Battle of Ravenna, the Roman Army in the West suffered defeat at the hands of Odoacer and his Germanic foederati. Odoacer forced the abdication of the emperor Romulus Augustulus and became the first King of Italy. In 480, following the assassination of the previous Western emperor Julius Nepos, the Eastern emperor Zeno dissolved the Western court and proclaimed himself the sole emperor of the Roman Empire. The date of 476 was popularized by the 18th-century British historian Edward Gibbon as a demarcating event for the fall of the Western Roman Empire and is sometimes used to mark the transition from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. Odoacer's Italy and other barbarian kingdoms, many of them representing former Western Roman allies that had been granted lands in return for military assistance, would maintain a pretense of Roman continuity through the continued use of the old Roman administrative systems and nominal subservience to the Eastern Roman court. In the 6th century, Emperor Justinian I re-imposed direct Imperial rule on large parts of the former Western Roman Empire, including the prosperous regions of North Africa, the ancient Roman heartland of Italy and parts of Hispania. Political instability in the Eastern heartlands, combined with foreign invasions and religious differences, made efforts to retain control of these territories difficult and they were gradually lost for good. Though the Eastern Empire retained territories in the south of Italy until the eleventh century, the influence that the Empire had over Western Europe had diminished significantly. The papal coronation of the Frankish king Charlemagne as Roman Emperor in 800 marked a new imperial line that would evolve into the Holy Roman Empire, which presented a revival of the Imperial title in Western Europe but was in no meaningful sense an extension of Roman traditions or institutions. The Great Schism of 1054 between the churches of Rome and Constantinople further diminished any authority the emperor in Constantinople could hope to exert in the West. The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided between several successor polities. The Roman Empire lost the strengths that had allowed it to exercise effective control over its Western provinces; modern historians posit factors including the effectiveness and numbers of the army, the health and numbers of the Roman population, the strength of the economy, the competence of the emperors, the internal struggles for power, the religious changes of the period, and the efficiency of the civil administration. Increasing pressure from invading barbarians outside Roman culture also contributed greatly to the collapse. Climatic changes and both endemic and epidemic disease drove many of these immediate factors. The reasons for the collapse are major subjects of the historiography of the ancient world and they inform much modern discourse on state failure. In 376, a large migration of Goths and other non-Roman people, fleeing from the Huns, entered the Empire. Roman forces were unable to exterminate, expel or subjugate them . In 395, after winning two destructive civil wars, Theodosius I died. He left a collapsing field army, and the Empire divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons. Goths and other non-Romans became a force that could challenge either part of the Empire. Further barbarian groups crossed the Rhine and other frontiers. The armed forces of the Western Empire became few and ineffective, and despite brief recoveries under able leaders, central rule was never again effectively consolidated. By 476, the position of Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military, political, or financial power, and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman. Barbarian kingdoms had established their own power in much of the area of the Western Empire. In 476, the Germanic barbarian king Odoacer deposed the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire in Italy, Romulus Augustulus, and the Senate sent the imperial insignia to the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno. While its legitimacy lasted for centuries longer and its cultural influence remains today, the Western Empire never had the strength to rise again. The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine Empire, survived and remained for centuries an effective power of the Eastern Mediterranean, although it lessened in strength. Additionally, while the loss of political unity and military control is universally acknowledged, the fall of Rome is not the only unifying concept for these events; the period described as late antiquity emphasizes the cultural continuities throughout and beyond the political collapse. The Vandal Kingdom or Kingdom of the Vandals and Alans was a confederation of Vandals and Alans, which is one of the barbarian kingdoms established under Gaiseric, a Vandal warrior. It ruled in North Africa and the Mediterranean from 435 to 534 AD. In 429 AD, the Vandals, estimated to number 80,000 people, had crossed by boat from Hispania to North Africa. They advanced eastward, conquering the coastal regions of what is now Tunisia, and Algeria. In 435, the Western Roman Empire, then ruling North Africa, allowed the Vandals to settle in the provinces of Numidia and Mauretania when it became clear that the Vandal army could not be defeated by Roman military forces. In 439 the Vandals renewed their advance eastward and captured Carthage, the most important city of North Africa. The fledgling kingdom then conquered the Roman-ruled islands of Mallorca, Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica in the western Mediterranean. In the 460s, the Romans launched two unsuccessful military expeditions by sea in an attempt to overthrow the Vandals and reclaim North Africa. The conquest of North Africa by the Vandals was a blow to the beleaguered Western Roman Empire as North Africa was a major source of revenue and a supplier of grain to the city of Rome. Although primarily remembered for the sack of Rome in 455 and their persecution of Nicene Christians in favor of Arian Christianity, the Vandals were also patrons of learning. Grand building projects continued, schools flourished, and North Africa fostered many of the most innovative writers and natural scientists of the late Latin-speaking Western Roman Empire. The Vandal Kingdom ended in 534, when it was conquered by Belisarius in the Vandalic War and incorporated into the Eastern Roman Empire . The surviving Vandals either assimilated into the indigenous African population or were dispersed among the Byzantine territories. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> battle <p> properties for this type <o> country <s> battle <p> part of <o> war <s> battle <p> properties for this type <o> location <s> battle <p> properties for this type <o> part of <s> battle <p> properties for this type <o> start time <s> battle <p> properties for this type <o> end time <s> battle <p> properties for this type <o> point in time <s> battle <p> properties for this type <o> participant <s> battle <p> Wikidata property <o> conflict <s> battle <p> properties for this type <o> order of battle <s> battle <p> subclass of <o> military operation <s> battle <p> subclass of <o> combat <s> battle <p> subclass of <o> historical event <s> battle <p> subclass of <o> geographically localized event <s> battle <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> battle <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> battle <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> battle <p> described by source <o> Metropolitan Museum of Art Tagging Vocabulary <s> battle <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Battles <s> Gothic War of 535–554 <p> instance of <o> war <s> Gothic War of 535–554 <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gothic War (535–554) <s> Gothic War of 535–554 <p> has part(s) <o> Battle of Mons Lactarius <s> Gothic War of 535–554 <p> location <o> Sicily <s> Gothic War of 535–554 <p> part of <o> Justinian I <s> Gothic War of 535–554 <p> part of <o> Gothic Wars <s> Gothic War of 535–554 <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Gothic War of 535–554 <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Visigoths <p> subclass of <o> Germanic peoples <s> Visigoths <p> subclass of <o> Goths <s> Visigoths <p> subclass of <o> tribe <s> Visigoths <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Visigoths <p> described by source <o> Nordisk familjebok <s> Visigoths <p> instance of <o> tribe <s> Visigoths <p> instance of <o> historical ethnic group <s> Visigoths <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Visigoths <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Visigoths <s> Visigoths <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 11 <s> Visigoths <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Visigoths <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Visigoths <p> religion or worldview <o> Visigothic arianism <s> Visigoths <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Visigoths <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Basilica Julia <p> instance of <o> archaeological site <s> Basilica Julia <p> country <o> Italy <s> Basilica Julia <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Roman Forum <s> Basilica Julia <p> instance of <o> civil basilica <s> Basilica Julia <p> instance of <o> destroyed building or structure <s> Basilica Julia <p> location <o> Roman Forum <s> Basilica Julia <p> culture <o> Ancient Rome <s> Basilica Julia <p> state of conservation <o> demolished or destroyed <s> Basilica Julia <p> state of use <o> permanently closed <s> Gardens of Sallust <p> founded by <o> Sallust <s> Gardens of Sallust <p> named after <o> Sallust <s> Gardens of Sallust <p> country <o> Italy <s> Gardens of Sallust <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Rome <s> Gardens of Sallust <p> instance of <o> archaeological site <s> Gardens of Sallust <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Gardens of Sallust <p> instance of <o> garden <s> Gardens of Sallust <p> culture <o> Ancient Rome <s> Gardens of Sallust <p> part of <o> Regio VI Alta Semita <s> Gardens of Sallust <p> described by source <o> A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome <s> Basilica Aemilia <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Rome <s> Basilica Aemilia <p> country <o> Italy <s> Basilica Aemilia <p> made from material <o> travertine <s> Basilica Aemilia <p> made from material <o> marble <s> Basilica Aemilia <p> instance of <o> archaeological site <s> Basilica Aemilia <p> location <o> Roman Forum <s> Basilica Aemilia <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Basilica Aemilia <p> main building contractor <o> Marcus Fulvius Nobilior <s> Basilica Aemilia <p> instance of <o> civil basilica <s> Basilica Aemilia <p> instance of <o> destroyed building or structure <s> Basilica Aemilia <p> culture <o> Ancient Rome <s> Basilica Aemilia <p> state of conservation <o> demolished or destroyed <s> Basilica Aemilia <p> state of use <o> permanently closed <s> Gothic War of 408–416 <p> location <o> Italia Annonaria <s> Gothic War of 408–416 <p> location <o> diocese of Hispania <s> Gothic War of 408–416 <p> location <o> Italia Suburbicaria <s> Gothic War of 408–416 <p> instance of <o> war <s> Gothic War of 408–416 <p> location <o> Septem Provinciae <s> Gothic War of 408–416 <p> part of <o> Gothic Wars <s> Gothic War of 408–416 <p> part of <o> fall of the western Roman Empire <s> Ballarat <p> associated electoral district <o> Ballarat <s> Ballarat <p> country <o> Australia <s> Ballarat <p> instance of <o> city <s> Ballarat <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+11:00 <s> Ballarat <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Ballarat <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Ballarat <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+10:00 <s> Ballarat <p> associated electoral district <o> Eureka <s> Ballarat <p> associated electoral district <o> Ripon <s> Ballarat <p> associated electoral district <o> Wendouree <s> Ballarat <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Born in Ballarat <s> Ballarat <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Ballarat <s> Ballarat <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ainaro <s> Ballarat <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Ballarat <s> Ballarat <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Ballarat <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> City of Ballarat <s> Ballarat <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Ballarat <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Ballarat <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Ballarat <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Ballarat <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ballarat <s> Ljubljana <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Ljubljana <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Ljubljana <p> capital of <o> Slovenia <s> Ljubljana <p> country <o> Slovenia <s> Ljubljana <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Ljubljana <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Ljubljana <p> described by source <o> Topographia Provinciarum Austriacarum <s> Ljubljana <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Ljubljana <p> instance of <o> city <s> Ljubljana <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tbilisi <s> Ljubljana <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Ljubljana <s> Ljubljana <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Ljubljana <s> Ljubljana <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Ljubljana <s> Ljubljana <p> category for the view from the item <o> Category:Views from Ljubljana <s> Ljubljana <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Ljubljana <s> Ljubljana <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Ljubljana <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Ljubljana <s> Ljubljana <p> located in time zone <o> Central European Time <s> Ljubljana <p> related category <o> Category:Ljubljana-related lists <s> Ljubljana <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Ljubljana <s> Ljubljana <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Ljubljana <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ljubljana City Municipality <s> Ljubljana <p> significant event <o> Congress of Laibach <s> Ljubljana <p> significant event <o> 1895 Ljubljana earthquake <s> Ljubljana <p> described by source <o> Regesta Imperii <s> Ljubljana <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ljubljana <s> Ljubljana <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Ljubljanica <s> Ljubljana <p> award received <o> Order of the People's Hero <s> Ljubljana <p> head of government <o> Zoran Janković <s> Ljubljana <p> instance of <o> largest city <s> Ljubljana <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Ljubljana <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Sava <s> Ljubljana <p> official language <o> Slovene <s> Ljubljana <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Ljubljana <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Xi'an <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+08:00 <s> Xi'an <p> continent <o> Asia <s> Xi'an <p> member of <o> World Tourism Cities Federation <s> Xi'an <p> member of <o> League of Historical Cities <s> Xi'an <p> capital of <o> Shaanxi <s> Xi'an <p> official symbol <o> Styphnolobium japonicum <s> Xi'an <p> official symbol <o> Punica granatum <s> Xi'an <p> part of <o> Shaanxi <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Istanbul <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cairo <s> Xi'an <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Xi'an <p> country <o> People's Republic of China <s> Xi'an <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Xi'an <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Xi'an <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Xi'an <s> Xi'an <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Xi'an <s> Xi'an <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Xi'an <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dortmund <s> Xi'an <p> replaces <o> Chang'an <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Athens <s> Xi'an <p> owner of <o> Xi'an Metro Line 3 <s> Xi'an <p> owner of <o> Xi'an Metro Line 4 <s> Xi'an <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Xi'an <p> owner of <o> Xi'an Metro Line 1 <s> Xi'an <p> owner of <o> Xi'an Metro Line 2 <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brasília <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Valencia <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Birmingham <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Quebec City <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kathmandu <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Samarkand <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lahore <s> Xi'an <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Xi'an <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Xi'an <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Edinburgh <s> Xi'an <p> different from <o> Sian <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kyoto <s> Xi'an <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Xi'an <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gyeongju <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Isfahan <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kansas City <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pompei <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jinju <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Iași <s> Xi'an <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Shaanxi <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> George Town <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dnipro <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pau <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Konya <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nara <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kalamata <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Veliko Tarnovo <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jeddah <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montgomery County <s> Xi'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gaoling District <s> Xi'an <p> instance of <o> megacity <s> Xi'an <p> instance of <o> prefecture-level city <s> Xi'an <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Xi'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yanliang District <s> Xi'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Yanta District <s> Xi'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lianhu District <s> Xi'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Baqiao District <s> Xi'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lintong District <s> Xi'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Beilin District <s> Xi'an <p> instance of <o> sub-province-level division <s> Xi'an <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Taupō <s> Xi'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Xincheng District <s> Xi'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Huyi District <s> Xi'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Weiyang District <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Veliko Tarnovo Municipality <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cuzco <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Funabashi <s> Xi'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Zhouzhi County <s> Xi'an <p> instance of <o> former capital <s> Xi'an <p> instance of <o> ancient city <s> Xi'an <p> instance of <o> provincial capital <s> Xi'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chang'an District <s> Xi'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lantian County <s> Xi'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lower Hutt </Graph>

<Text> :A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and the Battle of France, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas battles take place on a level of planning and execution known as operational mobility. German strategist Carl von Clausewitz stated that "the employment of battles ... to achieve the object of war" was the essence of strategy. Battle is a loanword from the Old French bataille, first attested in 1297, from Late Latin battualia, meaning "exercise of soldiers and gladiators in fighting and fencing", from Late Latin battuere "beat", from which the English word battery is also derived via Middle English batri. The Visigoths were a Germanic people united under the rule of a king and living within the Roman Empire during late antiquity. The Visigoths first appeared in the Balkans, as a Roman-allied barbarian military group united under the command of Alaric I. Their exact origins are believed to have been diverse but they probably included many descendants of the Thervingi who had moved into the Roman Empire beginning in 376 and had played a major role in defeating the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Relations between the Romans and Alaric's Visigoths varied, with the two groups making treaties when convenient, and warring with one another when not. Under Alaric, the Visigoths invaded Italy and sacked Rome in August 410. The Visigoths were subsequently settled in southern Gaul as foederati to the Romans, a relationship that was established in 418. This developed as an independent kingdom with its capital at Toulouse, and they extended their authority into Hispania at the expense of the Suebi and Vandals who had taken control of large swathes of Roman territory. In 507, Visigothic rule in Gaul was ended by the Franks under Clovis I, who defeated them in the Battle of Vouille. It is within what is now Spain and Portugal that the Visigoths created the polity for which they are best remembered. During their governance of Hispania, the Visigoths built several churches that survived and left many artifacts, items which have been discovered in increasing numbers by archaeologists in recent years. The Treasure of Guarrazar of votive crowns and crosses are the most spectacular among the finds thus far. In or around 589, the Visigoths under Reccared I converted from Arian Christianity to Nicene Christianity, gradually adopting the culture of their Hispano-Roman subjects. Their legal code, the Visigothic Code , abolished the longstanding practice of applying different laws for Hispano-Roman population and Visigoths. Once legal distinctions were no longer being made between Romani and Gothi, they became known collectively as Hispani. In the century that followed, the region was dominated by the Councils of Toledo and the episcopacy. In 711, an invading force of Arabs and Berbers defeated the Visigoths during the Battle of Guadalete. The Visigoth king, Roderic, and many members of the Visigothic governing elite were killed and their kingdom rapidly collapsed. This was followed by the subsequent formation of the Kingdom of Asturias in northern Spain and the beginning of the Reconquista by Christian troops under Pelagius. The Visigoths founded the only new cities in western Europe from the fall of the Western half of the Roman Empire until the rise of the Carolingian dynasty. Many Visigothic names are still in use in the modern Spanish and Portuguese languages. Their most notable legacy, however, was the Visigothic Code, which served, among other things, as the basis for court procedure in most of Christian Iberia until the Late Middle Ages, centuries after the demise of the kingdom. The Basilica Julia was a structure that once stood in the Roman Forum. It was a large, ornate, public building used for meetings and other official business during the Roman Empire. Its ruins have been excavated. What is left from its classical period are mostly foundations, floors, a small back corner wall with a few arches that are part of both the original building and later imperial reconstructions and a single column from its first building phase. The Basilica Julia was built on the site of the earlier Basilica Sempronia along the south side of the Forum, opposite the Basilica Aemilia. It was initially dedicated in 46 BC by Julius Caesar, with building costs paid from the spoils of the Gallic War, and was completed by Augustus, who named the building after his adoptive father. The ruins which have been excavated date to a reconstruction of the Basilica by the Emperor Diocletian, after a fire in 283 AD destroyed the earlier structure. The first iteration of the Basilica Julia was begun around 54 BC by Julius Caesar, though it was left to his heir Augustus to complete the construction and name it in honor of his adoptive father. The basilica was built over the remains of two important Republican structures: the Basilica Sempronia, which was demolished by Caesar to make way for the new basilica, and pre-dating both, the house of Scipio Africanus, Rome's legendary general. The Basilica Sempronia was built in 169 BC by Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus and required the demolition of the house of Africanus and a number of shops to make room. The first Basilica Julia burned in 9 AD, shortly after completion, but it was reconstructed, enlarged, and rededicated to Augustus' adoptive sons Gaius and Lucius in 12 AD. The Basilica was restored after a fire in 199 AD by Septimius Severus, and later reconstructed by the Emperor Diocletian after another fire in 283 AD. The Gardens of Sallust was an ancient Roman estate including a landscaped pleasure garden developed by the historian Sallust in the 1st century BC. It occupied a large area in the northeastern sector of Rome, in what would become Region VI, between the Pincian and Quirinal hills, near the Via Salaria and later Porta Salaria. The modern rione is now known as Sallustiano. Lucullus started the fashion of building luxurious garden-palaces in the 1st century BC with the construction of his gardens on the Pincian Hill. The horti were a place of pleasure, almost a small palace, and offered the rich owner and his court the possibility of living in isolation, away from the hectic life of the city but close to it. The most important part of the horti was undoubtedly the planting, very often as topiary in geometric or animal shapes. Among the greenery there were often pavilions, arcades for walking away from the sun, fountains, spas, temples and statues, often replicas of Greek originals. The property originally belonged to Julius Caesar as the Horti Caesaris, but after his death it was acquired by the historian Sallust, one of his closest friends, who developed it using his wealth acquired as governor of the province of Africa Nova . In 36 BC on the death of the historian, the residence passed to his adopted great-grandson of the same name, and eventually to Claudius as imperial property but was maintained for several centuries by the Roman Emperors as a public amenity. The gardens were enriched with many additional structures and monumental sculptures in the four centuries during which they evolved. Many emperors chose it as a temporary residence, as an alternative to the official seat on the Palatine Hill. The Emperor Nerva died of a fever in the villa of the horti in 98, and the emperors Hadrian and Aurelian had major works done there. The latter in particular had a porticus miliarensis built, probably a complex of portico, garden and riding stables, where he went to ride. Other restorations were carried out in the third century. The Basilica Aemilia was a civil basilica in the Roman Forum, in Rome, Italy. Today only the plan and some rebuilt elements can be seen. The Basilica was 100 meters long and about 30 meters wide. Along the sides were two orders of 16 arches, and it was accessed through one of three entrances. The new basilica was built on a site of the 5th-century BC tabernae lanienae and later the tabernae argentariae. The latter housed the city's bankers, and after a fire was renamed tabernae novae . The square had two facing rows of shops. A first basilica had been built behind the tabernae argentariae between 210 BC and 195-191 BC, the date in which it is mentioned by Plautus. Archaeological studies have shown that this building comprised three naves paved with tuff from Monteverde, the back facade having a portico which opened to the Forum Piscatorium and the Macellum . It was erected in 179 BC by censor Marcus Fulvius Nobilior with the name of Basilica Fulvia. After the latter's death, his colleague Marcus Aemilius Lepidus completed it, and it was frequently restored and redecorated by the members of the Aemilian gens, giving the basilica its current name. In the year 50BCE, Julius Caesar "...gave the consul Paulus fifteen hundred talents with which he added to the beauty of the forum by building the famous Basilica which was erected in the place of the one called "the Fulvia". Ballarat is a city in the Central Highlands of Victoria, Australia. Ballarat has a population of 117,240, making it the third largest city in Victoria. Within months of Victoria separating from the colony of New South Wales in 1851, gold was discovered near Ballarat, sparking the Victorian gold rush. Ballarat subsequently became a thriving boomtown that for a time rivalled Melbourne, the capital of Victoria, in terms of wealth and cultural influence. In 1854, following a period of civil disobedience in Ballarat over gold licenses, local miners launched an armed uprising against government forces. Known as the Eureka Rebellion, it led to the introduction of white male suffrage in Australia, and as such is interpreted as the origin of Australian democracy. The rebellion's symbol, the Eureka Flag, has become a national symbol. Proclaimed a city on 9 September 1870, Ballarat's prosperity, unlike that of many other gold boomtowns, continued until the late 19th century, as the city's fields experienced sustained high gold yields for many decades. By the turn of the century, Ballarat's importance relative to Melbourne rapidly faded with the slowing of gold extraction. It has endured as a major regional centre and is the commercial capital and largest city of the Central Highlands, as well as a significant tourist destination. Ballarat is known for its history, culture and well-preserved colonial-era heritage, with much of the city subject to heritage overlays. The Ballarat region was first populated by the Wadawurrung people, an Indigenous Australian people. The first Europeans to sight the area were an August 1837 party of six men, including Thomas Livingstone Learmonth and Henry Anderson, who scaled Mount Buninyong. Some of this party set off again in January 1838, this time with others including Thomas' brother Somerville Learmonth and William Cross Yuille and his cousin Archibald Buchanan Yuille. Archbishop of Salzburg Habsburg Monarchy Austrian Empire Illyrian Provinces Austrian Empire Austria-Hungary State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs Kingdom of Yugoslavia Kingdom of Italy Nazi Germany SFR Yugoslavia Slovenia Ljubljana is the capital and largest city of Slovenia, located along a trade route between the northern Adriatic Sea and the Danube region, north of the country's largest marsh, inhabited since prehistoric times. It is the country's cultural, educational, economic, political and administrative center. During antiquity, a Roman city called Emona stood in the area. The city was first mentioned in the first half of the 12th century. It was the historical capital of Carniola, one of the Slovene-inhabited parts of the Habsburg monarchy. It was under Habsburg rule from the Middle Ages until the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918. After World War II, Ljubljana became the capital of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia, part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The city retained this status until Slovenia became independent in 1991 and Ljubljana became the capital of the newly formed state. The exact origin of the name Ljubljana is not clear. In medieval times, both the river and the town were also called Laibach in German. This name was used within the region until 1918 and continues to be used in German. In Italian, the city is referred to as Lubiana, and in Latin, it is known as Labacum. Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province. A subprovincial city on the Guanzhong Plain, the city is the third most populous city in Western China, after Chongqing and Chengdu, as well as the most populous city in Northwest China. Its total population was 12,952,907 as of the 2020 census. The total urban population was 9.28 million. Since the 1980s, as part of the economic growth of inland China especially for the central and northwest regions, Xi'an has re-emerged as a cultural, industrial, political and educational center of the entire central-northwest region, with many facilities for research and development. Xi'an currently holds sub-provincial status, administering 11 districts and 2 counties. In 2020, Xi'an was ranked as a Beta- city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and, according to the country's own ranking, ranked 17th. Xi'an is also one of the world's top 100 financial centers, according to the Global Financial Centres Index. Xi'an is ranked in the top 20 cities in the world by scientific research output as tracked by the Nature Index, and home to multiple prestigious educational institutions in Northwest China, such as Xi'an Jiaotong University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xidian University and Northwest University. Known as Chang'an in much of its history, Xi'an is one of the Chinese Four Great Ancient Capitals, having held the position under several of the most important dynasties in Chinese history, including Western Zhou, Western Han, Sui, Northern Zhou and Tang. Xi'an is now the second most popular tourist destination in China. The city is the starting point of the Silk Road and home to the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, both of which are listed as UNESCO World Heritage sites. "Xi'an" is the atonal pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of its name Xi An , which means "Western Peace" in Chinese. The name was adopted in 1369 under the early Ming dynasty. Jesuit missionaries recorded its name as "Si-ngan" or "Si-ngan-fou" from its status as the seat of a prefecture . This form still appears in the Latin name of the Catholic diocese of Xi'an, archidioecesis Singanensis. The name was later romanized as "Hsi-an" by Wade & Giles and as "Sianfu" or "Sian" by the Qing imperial post office, both of which were common until the general adoption of pinyin. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Gyeongju <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Gyeongju <s> Gyeongju <p> country <o> South Korea <s> Gyeongju <p> twinned administrative body <o> Versailles <s> Gyeongju <p> twinned administrative body <o> Samarkand <s> Gyeongju <p> twinned administrative body <o> Xi'an <s> Gyeongju <p> twinned administrative body <o> Huế <s> Gyeongju <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pompei <s> Gyeongju <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nitra <s> Gyeongju <p> capital of <o> Silla <s> Gyeongju <p> twinned administrative body <o> Obama <s> Gyeongju <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> North Gyeongsang <s> Gyeongju <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Gyeongju <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nara <s> Gyeongju <p> twinned administrative body <o> Iksan <s> Gyeongju <p> instance of <o> city of South Korea <s> Gyeongju <p> capital of <o> Later Silla <s> Gyeongju <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jiaozuo <s> Gyeongju <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gyeongju <s> Gyeongju <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Gyeongju <s> Gyeongju <p> category for people born here <o> Category:People from Gyeongju <s> Bad Ischl <p> category for honorary citizens of entity <o> Category:Honorary citizens of Bad Ischl <s> Bad Ischl <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Bad Ischl <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Bad Ischl <p> country <o> Austria <s> Bad Ischl <p> twinned administrative body <o> Porto San Giorgio <s> Bad Ischl <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sarajevo <s> Bad Ischl <p> shares border with <o> Strobl <s> Bad Ischl <p> shares border with <o> Steinbach am Attersee <s> Bad Ischl <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gödöllő <s> Bad Ischl <p> shares border with <o> Bad Goisern am Hallstättersee <s> Bad Ischl <p> instance of <o> municipality of Austria <s> Bad Ischl <p> shares border with <o> Altaussee <s> Bad Ischl <p> shares border with <o> St. Wolfgang im Salzkammergut <s> Bad Ischl <p> award received <o> European Capital of Culture <s> Bad Ischl <p> shares border with <o> Ebensee <s> Bad Ischl <p> instance of <o> place with town rights and privileges <s> Bad Ischl <p> instance of <o> designated spa town <s> Bad Ischl <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Bad Ischl <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Bad Ischl <s> Bad Ischl <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Bad Ischl <s> Bad Ischl <p> different from <o> Ischgl <s> Bad Ischl <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Bad Ischl <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Bad Ischl <s> Bad Ischl <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Bad Ischl <s> Bad Ischl <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Bad Ischl <s> Bad Ischl <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmunden District <s> Bad Ischl <p> twinned administrative body <o> Opatija <s> Bad Ischl <p> list of monuments <o> Cultural heritage monuments in Bad Ischl <s> Shiraz <p> country <o> Iran <s> Shiraz <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kuala Lumpur <s> Shiraz <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pécs <s> Shiraz <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chongqing <s> Shiraz <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:30 <s> Shiraz <p> described by source <o> History of Ming <s> Shiraz <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Shiraz <p> twinned administrative body <o> Malacca <s> Shiraz <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Shiraz <p> capital of <o> Zand dynasty <s> Shiraz <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Shiraz <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Shiraz <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dushanbe <s> Shiraz <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Shiraz <s> Shiraz <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Shiraz <p> described by source <o> Gujin Tushu Jicheng <s> Shiraz <p> twinned administrative body <o> Agadir <s> Shiraz <p> capital of <o> Injuids <s> Shiraz <p> capital of <o> Fars Province <s> Shiraz <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nicosia Municipality <s> Shiraz <p> history of topic <o> history of Shiraz <s> Shiraz <p> official language <o> Persian <s> Shiraz <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Shiraz <p> capital of <o> Shiraz County <s> Shiraz <p> capital of <o> Buyid dynasty <s> Shiraz <p> described by source <o> Desktop Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Shiraz <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Shiraz <s> Shiraz <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Shiraz <s> Shiraz <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Shiraz <s> Shiraz <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Shiraz <s> Shiraz <p> history of topic <o> timeline of Shiraz <s> Shiraz <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Shiraz <s> Shiraz <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Shiraz <s> Shiraz <p> head of government <o> Haidar Eskandarpour <s> Shiraz <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Central District <s> Shiraz <p> instance of <o> city of Iran <s> Shiraz <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Shiraz <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Shiraz <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Shiraz <s> Category:League of Historical Cities <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:League of Historical Cities <p> category's main topic <o> League of Historical Cities <s> Edmund Wert <p> instance of <o> human <s> Edmund Wert <p> given name <o> Edmund <s> Edmund Wert <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Edmund Wert <p> occupation <o> philologist <s> Edmund Wert <p> employer <o> Imperial School of Jurisprudence <s> Edmund Wert <p> contributed to creative work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> instance of <o> human <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> country of citizenship <o> Russian Empire <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> position held <o> school inspector <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> position held <o> school teacher <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> occupation <o> teacher <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> position held <o> director <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> award received <o> Active State Councillor <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> employer <o> Larin Gymnasium <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> employer <o> The Second Saint Petersburg Gymnasium <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> educated at <o> St. Vladimir Seminary Feofanovskaya <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> work location <o> The Second Saint Petersburg Gymnasium <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> work location <o> Larin Gymnasium <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> employer <o> School No232 <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> religion or worldview <o> Eastern Orthodoxy <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> work location <o> School No232 <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Anna, 2nd class <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> award received <o> Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st class <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Stanislaus, 2nd class <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> contributed to creative work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> family name <o> Smirnov <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> award received <o> Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class <s> Ivan Anikitich Smirnov <p> given name <o> Ivan <s> Alexey Ivanovich Davidenkov <p> instance of <o> human <s> Alexey Ivanovich Davidenkov <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Alexey Ivanovich Davidenkov <p> occupation <o> teacher <s> Alexey Ivanovich Davidenkov <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st class <s> Alexey Ivanovich Davidenkov <p> award received <o> Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class <s> Alexey Ivanovich Davidenkov <p> contributed to creative work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Osip Yurievich Klemenchich <p> contributed to creative work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Osip Yurievich Klemenchich <p> instance of <o> human <s> Osip Yurievich Klemenchich <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Osip Yurievich Klemenchich <p> employer <o> The Second Saint Petersburg Gymnasium <s> Nikolai Vasilyevich Rubinsky <p> instance of <o> human <s> Nikolai Vasilyevich Rubinsky <p> position held <o> school teacher <s> Nikolai Vasilyevich Rubinsky <p> employer <o> The Second Saint Petersburg Gymnasium <s> Nikolai Vasilyevich Rubinsky <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Nikolai Vasilyevich Rubinsky <p> contributed to creative work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Nikolai Vasilyevich Rubinsky <p> occupation <o> philologist <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> instance of <o> human <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> German <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Russian <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> place of birth <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> place of death <o> Lippstadt <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> occupation <o> teacher <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> educated at <o> Humboldt University of Berlin <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> occupation <o> classical scholar <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> country of citizenship <o> Russian Empire <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> given name <o> Friedrich <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> educated at <o> University of Göttingen <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> special rank <o> Active State Councillor <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> educated at <o> Annenschule <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> occupation <o> translator <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> member of <o> Corps Hannovera Göttingen <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> father <o> Ferdinand Adolf Gelbcke <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Anna, 1st class <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st class <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> occupation <o> philologist <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> employer <o> Annenschule <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> employer <o> St. Petersburg Educational District <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> employer <o> Nizhyn Gogol State University <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> award received <o> Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class <s> Friedrich Gelbcke <p> contributed to creative work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru </Graph>

<Text> :Gyeongju , historically known as Seorabeol , is a coastal city in the far southeastern corner of North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It is the second largest city by area in the province after Andong, covering 1,324 km2 with a population of 264,091 people as of December 2012. Gyeongju is 370 km southeast of Seoul, and 55 km east of Daegu. The city borders Cheongdo and Yeongcheon to the west, Ulsan to the south and Pohang to the north, while to the east lies the coast of the Sea of Japan. Numerous low mountains--outliers of the Taebaek range--are scattered around the city. Gyeongju was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Silla , which ruled about two-thirds of the Korean peninsula at its height between the 7th and 9th centuries, for close to one thousand years. Later Silla was a prosperous and wealthy country, and Gyeongju was the fourth largest city in the world. A vast number of archaeological sites and cultural properties from this period remain in the city. Gyeongju is often referred to as "the museum without walls". Among such historical treasures, Seokguram grotto, Bulguksa temple, Gyeongju Historic Areas and Yangdong Folk Village are designated as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. The many major historical sites have helped Gyeongju become one of the most popular tourist destinations in South Korea. The city of Gyeongju was united with the nearby rural Gyeongju County in 1995 and is now an urban-rural complex. It is similar to 53 other small and medium-sized cities with a population under 300,000 people in South Korea. As well as its rich historical heritage, Gyeongju today is affected by the economic, demographic, and social trends that have shaped modern South Korean culture. Tourism remains the major economic driver, but manufacturing activities have developed due to its proximity to major industrial centers such as Ulsan and Pohang. Gyeongju is connected to the nationwide rail and highway networks, which facilitate industrial and tourist traffic. The early history of Gyeongju is closely tied to that of the Silla kingdom, of which it was the capital. Gyeongju first enters non-Korean records as Saro-guk, during the Samhan period in the early Common Era. Korean records, probably based on the dynastic chronicles of Silla, record that Saro-guk was established in 57 BCE, when six small villages in the Gyeongju area united under Bak Hyeokgeose. As the kingdom expanded, it changed its name to Silla. During the Silla period, the city was called "Seorabeol" , "Gyerim" , or "Geumseong" . After the unification of the peninsula up to Taedong River in 668 AD, Gyeongju became the center of Korean political and cultural life. The city was home to the Silla court and the great majority of the kingdom's elite. Its prosperity became legendary, and was reported as far away as Persia according to the 9th century book The Book of Roads and Kingdoms. The historical text Samguk yusa give the city's population in its peak period as 178,936 households, suggesting that the total population was almost one million. Many of Gyeongju's most famous sites date from this Unified Silla period, which ended in the beginning of 10th century by Goryeo .Bad Ischl is a spa town in Austria. It lies in the southern part of Upper Austria, at the river Traun in the centre of the Salzkammergut region. The town consists of the Katastralgemeinden Ahorn, Bad Ischl, Haiden, Jainzen, Kaltenbach, Lauffen, Lindau, Pfandl, Perneck, Reiterndorf and Rettenbach. It is connected to the village of Strobl by the river Ischl, which drains from the Wolfgangsee, and to the Traunsee, into which the stream empties. It is home to the Kaiservilla, summer residence of Austro-Hungarian monarchs Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth. In 2024, Bad Ischl will be one of the European Capitals of Culture - the third city in Austria after Graz and Linz . Humans have lived in the Bad Ischl area since the time of the pre-historic Hallstatt culture; documentary evidence of the settlement dates from a 1262 deed, it which it appears as Iselen. In 1419 Archduke Albert V of Austria established the local seat of the Salt Chamber at Wildenstein Castle, and Ischl was granted the privileges of a market town in 1466 by Emperor Frederick III. A first salt mine was opened in 1563, a salt evaporation pond followed in 1571. When in the early part of the 19th century brine became medically popular in Continental Europe, Ischl soon turned into a fashionable spa resort - notable guests included Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich , Archduke Rudolf of Austria and Archduke Franz Karl of Austria . The Hotel Post, opened in 1828, was the first one in the whole Salzkammergut area. In 1849 Franz Karl's son, Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria chose the town for his summer residence. On 19 August 1853 the engagement between Franz Joseph and Elisabeth of Bavaria took place at the Seeauerhaus, Esplanade No. 10, which since 1989 has been the location of the Museum der Stadt Bad Ischl. Shiraz is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars and Persis. As of the 2016 national census, the population of the city was 1,565,572 people, and its built-up area with Sadra was home to almost 1,800,000 inhabitants. A census in 2021 showed an increase in the city's population to 1,995,500 people. Shiraz is located in southwestern Iran on the rudkhaneye khoshk seasonal river. Founded in the early Islamic period, the city has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for over a thousand years. The earliest reference to the city, as Tirazis, is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BCE. The modern city was founded by the Sasanian dynasty and restored by the Umayyad Caliphate in 693 CE and grew prominent under the successive Iranian Saffarid and Buyid dynasties in the 9th and 10th-11th centuries, respectively. In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, due to the encouragement of its ruler and the presence of many Persian scholars and artists. Two famous poets of Iran, Hafez and Saadi, are from Shiraz, whose tombs are located on the north side of the current city boundaries. Shiraz is one of the top tourist cities in Iran and is known as the city of poets, literature, and flowers. It is also considered by many Iranians to be the city of gardens due to the presence of many gardens and fruit trees that can be seen throughout the city, such as Eram Garden. Shiraz is also a famous tourist destination in the world. Every year many tourists come from around the world to visit the city. Shiraz has historically had major Jewish and Christian communities. The crafts of Shiraz consist of inlaid mosaic work of triangular design; silverware; pile carpet-weaving and weaving of kilim, called gilim and jajim in the villages and among the tribes. Dominant industries in the city include the production of cement, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork, and rugs. Shiraz also has a major oil refinery and is a major centre for Iran's electronic industries: 53 percent of Iran's electronic investment has been centred in Shiraz. The city is home to Iran's first solar powerplant. Recently, Shiraz's first wind turbine has been installed above Mount Babakuhi near the city. The earliest reference to the city is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BCE, found in June 1970, while digging to make a kiln for a brick factory in the south western corner of the city. The tablets written in ancient Elamite name a city called Tirazis. Phonetically, this is interpreted as /tiracis/ or /ciracis/. This name became Old Persian /sirajis/; through regular sound change comes the modern Persian name Shiraz. The name Shiraz also appears on clay sealings found at a 2nd-century CE Sassanid ruin, east of the city. By some of the native writers, the name Shiraz has derived from a son of Tahmuras, the third Shah of the world according to Ferdowsi's Shahnama. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> instance of <o> human <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> native language <o> Russian <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> German <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> educated at <o> University of Vienna <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> Russian Academy of Sciences <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> doctoral advisor <o> Otto Ribbeck <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> German Archaeological Institute <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> British Academy <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> work location <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> work location <o> Warsaw <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> writing language <o> German <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> Academy of Athens <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> Göttingen Academy of Sciences <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> Academy of Learning <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> Warsaw Scientific Society <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> Czech Academy of Science and Art <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> Polish Academy of Learning <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> Polish Academy of Literature <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> employer <o> University of Warsaw <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> educated at <o> Leipzig University <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> work location <o> Munich <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Polish <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Latin <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> employer <o> Filologicheskie Zapiski <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> educated at <o> University of Tartu <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> occupation <o> historian <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> work location <o> Vienna <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> country of citizenship <o> Second Polish Republic <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> country of citizenship <o> Russian Empire <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> doctoral student <o> Anatoli Guenko <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> doctoral student <o> Kamilla Trever <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> doctoral student <o> Mariya Sergeyenko <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> doctoral student <o> Boris Kazansky <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> student <o> Boris Warneke <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> student <o> Anatoli Guenko <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> student <o> Mariya Sergeyenko <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> occupation <o> philologist <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> Poznań Society of Friends of Learning <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> academic degree <o> Doctor of Philosophy <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> student <o> Boris Kazansky <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> occupation <o> art historian <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> employer <o> Bestuzhev Courses <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> field of work <o> classics <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> field of work <o> cultural history <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> member of <o> Lwów Scientific Society <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> occupation <o> translator <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> occupation <o> university teacher <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> academic degree <o> doctorate <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> family name <o> Zieliński <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> work location <o> Leipzig <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> occupation <o> classical philologist <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> educated at <o> Imperial University of Dorpat <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> position held <o> Member of the Athens Academy <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> employer <o> Philological reviewing <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> occupation <o> classical scholar <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> occupation <o> archaeologist <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> award received <o> Grand Commander of the Order of the Phoenix (Greece) <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> award received <o> honorary doctor of the Jagiellonian University of Krakow <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> award received <o> Commander with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> award received <o> Commander of the Order of Polonia Restituta <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> student <o> Sergeĭ Radlov <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> student <o> Stefanida Rudneva <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> student <o> Kamilla Trever <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> student <o> Vasily Seseman <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> given name <o> Tadeusz <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> given name <o> Stefan <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> educated at <o> Annenschule <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> place of birth <o> Skrypchyntsi <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> professorship <o> professor <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> place of death <o> Schondorf am Ammersee <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> field of work <o> classical philology <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> award received <o> honorary doctor of the University of Athens <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> award received <o> honorary doctor of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Russian <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> nominated for <o> Nobel Prize in Literature <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> educated at <o> Imperial St. Petersburg University <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> employer <o> Imperial St. Petersburg University <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> described by source <o> Writers of St. Petersburg. XX century <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> contributed to creative work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> award received <o> Honorary doctor of the University of Oxford <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> award received <o> honorary doctor of the Université libre de Bruxelles <s> Tadeusz Stefan Zieliński <p> award received <o> Honorary doctor of the University of Groningen <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> instance of <o> human <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> place of death <o> Flensburg <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> German <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> place of birth <o> Husum <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> writing language <o> German <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> educated at <o> Humboldt University of Berlin <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> country of citizenship <o> Kingdom of Prussia <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> country of citizenship <o> Duchy of Schleswig <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> employer <o> Humboldt University of Berlin <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> described by source <o> Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> employer <o> Grosse Stadtschule zu Wismar <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> employer <o> Hermann-Tast-Schule <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> employer <o> Domschule Schleswig <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> educated at <o> University of Kiel <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> occupation <o> pedagogue <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> field of work <o> classical philology <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> occupation <o> classical philologist <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> father <o> Detlev Lorenz Lübker <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> employer <o> Friedrich-Franz-Gymnasium zu Parchim <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> employer <o> Altes Gymnasium <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> given name <o> Friedrich <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> given name <o> Heinrich <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> academic degree <o> Doctor <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Friedrich Lübker <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> family name <o> Lübker <s> Friedrich Lübker <p> given name <o> Christian <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> instance of <o> human <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> field of work <o> history <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Latin <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Russian <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> country of citizenship <o> Russian Empire <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> doctoral advisor <o> Barthold Georg Niebuhr <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> occupation <o> historian <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> occupation <o> librarian <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> field of work <o> political history <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> occupation <o> university teacher <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> place of birth <o> Mscislaŭ <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> occupation <o> classical scholar <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> academic degree <o> Doctor of Philosophy <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> member of <o> Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> occupation <o> hellenist <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> place of death <o> Borok <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> educated at <o> Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> described by source <o> Russian Biographical Dictionary <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> student <o> Nikolay Astafyev <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> doctoral student <o> Vasiliĭ Vasilʹevich Bauer <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> family name <o> Kutorga <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> given name <o> Mikhail <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> employer <o> Imperial St. Petersburg University <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> employer <o> Imperial Moscow University <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mikhail Kutorga <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> sibling <o> Stepan Semyonovich Kutorga <s> Mikhail Kutorga <p> contributed to creative work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Russian <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> instance of <o> human <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> place of death <o> Rostov-on-Don <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> field of work <o> pedagogy <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> field of work <o> linguistics <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Czech <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> field of work <o> philology <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> country of citizenship <o> Austrian Empire <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> country of citizenship <o> Russian Empire <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> country of citizenship <o> Austria-Hungary <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> occupation <o> chinovnik <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> occupation <o> translator <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> occupation <o> director <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> occupation <o> pedagogue <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> educated at <o> Charles University <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> occupation <o> linguist <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> place of birth <o> Margraviate of Moravia <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> employer <o> Seventh St. Petersburg Gymnasium <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> employer <o> Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> contributed to creative work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> employer <o> Vologda Men's Gymnasium <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> employer <o> Glavnoe upravlenīe po di︠e︡lam pechati <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Stanislaus, 2nd class <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> award received <o> Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Anna, 2nd class <s> Vasily Antonovich Kansky <p> given name <o> Vasily <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> instance of <o> human <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> place of birth <o> Moscow <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> place of death <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Russian <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> occupation <o> statesperson <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> occupation <o> civil servant <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> country of citizenship <o> Russian Empire <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> occupation <o> pedagogue <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of the White Eagle <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> child <o> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Anna, 2nd class <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Anna, 1st class <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Knight of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> educated at <o> Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> occupation <o> opinion journalist <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Stanislaus, 3rd class <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Stanislaus, 2nd class <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st class <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Anna, 3rd class <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> given name <o> Aleksandr <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> contributed to creative work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <p> place of burial <o> Kazanskoe cemetery (Pushkin) <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> instance of <o> human <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> place of death <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Russian <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> country of citizenship <o> Russian Empire <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> member of <o> Russian Academy of Sciences <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> given name <o> Pyotr <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> occupation <o> classical philologist <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> place of birth <o> Ustyuzhna <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> member of <o> Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> occupation <o> university teacher <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> described by source <o> New Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> place of burial <o> Smolenskoye Orthodox Cemetery <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> described by source <o> Writers of St. Petersburg. XX century <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> academic degree <o> Doctor of Sciences <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> field of work <o> classical philology <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> employer <o> Imperial St. Petersburg University <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> contributed to creative work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Piotr Nikitin <p> family name <o> Nikitin <s> Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy <p> location <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy <p> instance of <o> organization <s> Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy <p> notable work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy <p> notable work <o> Philological reviewing <s> Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> WikiProject Q68235346 <s> Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy <p> corporate officer <o> Friedrich Gelbcke <s> Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy <p> corporate officer <o> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <s> Friedrich Lübker's Reallexikon of Classic Antiquity for High Schools <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Friedrich Lübker's Reallexikon of Classic Antiquity for High Schools <p> language of work or name <o> German <s> Friedrich Lübker's Reallexikon of Classic Antiquity for High Schools <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Friedrich Lübker's Reallexikon of Classic Antiquity for High Schools <p> publisher <o> B. G. Teubner Verlag <s> Friedrich Lübker's Reallexikon of Classic Antiquity for High Schools <p> edition or translation of <o> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <s> Friedrich Lübker's Reallexikon of Classic Antiquity for High Schools <p> has edition or translation <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Friedrich Lübker's Reallexikon of Classic Antiquity for High Schools <p> has edition or translation <o> A real dictionary of classical antiquities (ed. Modestova) <s> Friedrich Lübker's Reallexikon of Classic Antiquity for High Schools <p> has edition or translation <o> Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (ed.: Olma-Press, 2001) <s> Friedrich Lübker's Reallexikon of Classic Antiquity for High Schools <p> has edition or translation <o> Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (ed.: DirectMedia, 2007) <s> Friedrich Lübker's Reallexikon of Classic Antiquity for High Schools <p> has edition or translation <o> Dictionary of classical antiquity by Lioubkierou <s> Friedrich Lübker's Reallexikon of Classic Antiquity for High Schools <p> editor <o> Max Erler <s> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <p> language of work or name <o> German <s> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <p> copyright status <o> public domain <s> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <p> place of publication <o> Leipzig <s> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <p> instance of <o> encyclopedic dictionary <s> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <p> author <o> Friedrich Lübker <s> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <p> has edition or translation <o> Friedrich Lübker's Reallexikon of Classic Antiquity for High Schools <s> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <p> has edition or translation <o> A real dictionary of classical antiquities (ed. Modestova) <s> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <p> has edition or translation <o> Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (ed.: Olma-Press, 2001) <s> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <p> has edition or translation <o> Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (ed.: DirectMedia, 2007) <s> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <p> has edition or translation <o> Dictionary of classical antiquity by Lioubkierou <s> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <p> has edition or translation <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <p> publisher <o> B. G. Teubner Verlag <s> Alexander Weismann <p> instance of <o> human <s> Alexander Weismann <p> place of death <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Alexander Weismann <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Russian <s> Alexander Weismann <p> country of citizenship <o> Russian Empire <s> Alexander Weismann <p> field of work <o> classical philology <s> Alexander Weismann <p> field of work <o> lexicography <s> Alexander Weismann <p> place of birth <o> Kovno Governorate <s> Alexander Weismann <p> occupation <o> university teacher <s> Alexander Weismann <p> educated at <o> Main Pedagogical Institute <s> Alexander Weismann <p> occupation <o> classical philologist <s> Alexander Weismann <p> described by source <o> New Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Alexander Weismann <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Alexander Weismann <p> family name <o> Weismann <s> Alexander Weismann <p> contributed to creative work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Alexander Weismann <p> given name <o> Aleksandr </Graph>

<Text> :Tadeusz Stefan Zielinski was a prominent Polish classical philologist, historian, and translator of Sophocles, Euripides and other classical authors into Russian. His most well-known works are Die Gliederung der altattischen Komoedie, Tragodumenon libri tres, and Iresione, the last of which is a collection of essays. He was born on 14 September 1859 in Skrzypczynce, Russian Empire to father Franciszek and mother Ludwika , both of them of Polish descent. Between 1869 and 1876 he attended secondary school in Saint Petersburg and subsequently in the years 1876-1881 he studied in Leipzig, Munich and Vienna. In 1880 he earned his doctorate from the University of Leipzig for his dissertation, Die Gliederung der altattischen Komoedie. He was author of works on the history of ancient Greek culture and religion, classical education, and popularization of classical studies . In 1884 he became a professor at the University of St. Petersburg, and following Polish independence he held the chair of Classical Studies at Warsaw University for 17 years during the interwar period. He was the recipient of honorary doctorates from the Jagiellonian University, Krakow , and twelve western European universities. Between 1933 and 1939 Zielinski was a member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature. After the outbreak of World War II, Zielinski left Poland to live with his son in Bavaria, where he lived until he died in 1944 after completing Religions of the Ancient World, which he considered to be his magnum opus. He studied philology and theology at the University of Kiel, receiving his doctorate in 1832. In 1835 he was named school conrector in Schleswig, and in 1848 was appointed rector of the provisional government school in Flensburg, In 1851 he relocated to Parchim as director of its high school . Later he moved to Braunschweig in order to spend time pursuing literary interests. In 1864 he returned to Flensburg, where he was tasked with reorganization of its high school system. He was the author of many works, including a popular dictionary of classical antiquity that was issued in numerous editions spanning several decades. He was also published a number of biographical works on various theological figures -- Rhabanus Maurus, Alcuin, the martyrs victimized by Nero, Dionysius Areopagita, Hugo Grotius, to name a few. The following are a list of his principal works: </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> country of citizenship <o> Russian Empire <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> occupation <o> teacher <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st class <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> instance of <o> human <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> educated at <o> Leipzig University <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> award received <o> Order of Saint Anna, 1st class <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> position held <o> member of the State Council of the Russian Empire <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> father <o> Aleksandr Ivanovich Georgievskij <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> given name <o> Lev <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> member of political party <o> Russian Assembly <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> contributed to creative work <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Lev Aleksandrovich Georgievskij <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> WikiProject Q68235346 <s> Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (ed.: Olma-Press, 2001) <p> place of publication <o> Moscow <s> Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (ed.: Olma-Press, 2001) <p> edition or translation of <o> Friedrich Lübker's Reallexikon of Classic Antiquity for High Schools <s> Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (ed.: Olma-Press, 2001) <p> edition or translation of <o> A real dictionary of classical antiquities (ed. Modestova) <s> Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (ed.: Olma-Press, 2001) <p> instance of <o> version, edition or translation <s> Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (ed.: Olma-Press, 2001) <p> language of work or name <o> Russian <s> Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (ed.: Olma-Press, 2001) <p> edition or translation of <o> Reallexikon des classischen Alterthums für Gymnasien <s> Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (ed.: Olma-Press, 2001) <p> edition or translation of <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (ed.: Olma-Press, 2001) <p> publisher <o> OLMA Media Group <s> Italian leaves <p> language of work or name <o> Czech <s> Italian leaves <p> has edition or translation <o> Italian leaves <s> Italian leaves <p> publisher <o> Československý spisovatel <s> Italian leaves <p> instance of <o> travel book <s> Italian leaves <p> author <o> Karel Čapek <s> Italian leaves <p> instance of <o> literary work <s> Italian leaves <p> country of origin <o> First Czechoslovak Republic <s> Karel Čapek <p> instance of <o> human <s> Karel Čapek <p> work location <o> Netherlands <s> Karel Čapek <p> writing language <o> French <s> Karel Čapek <p> native language <o> Czech <s> Karel Čapek <p> documentation files at <o> SAPA Foundation, Swiss Archive of the Performing Arts <s> Karel Čapek <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> French <s> Karel Čapek <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Czech <s> Karel Čapek <p> maintained by WikiProject <o> Iedereen Leest <s> Karel Čapek <p> sibling <o> Helena Čapková <s> Karel Čapek <p> sibling <o> Josef Čapek <s> Karel Čapek <p> copyright status as a creator <o> copyrights on works have expired <s> Karel Čapek <p> notable work <o> Krakatit <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> photographer <s> Karel Čapek <p> manner of death <o> natural causes <s> Karel Čapek <p> nominated for <o> Nobel Prize in Literature <s> Karel Čapek <p> field of work <o> journalism <s> Karel Čapek <p> country of citizenship <o> Austria-Hungary <s> Karel Čapek <p> member of <o> Brothers Čapek <s> Karel Čapek <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Karel Čapek <s> Karel Čapek <p> cause of death <o> pneumonia <s> Karel Čapek <p> family name <o> Čapek <s> Karel Čapek <p> partner in business or sport <o> Josef Čapek <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> poet <s> Karel Čapek <p> place of death <o> Vinohrady <s> Karel Čapek <p> given name <o> Antonín <s> Karel Čapek <p> country of citizenship <o> Czechoslovakia <s> Karel Čapek <p> genre <o> science fiction <s> Karel Čapek <p> field of work <o> play <s> Karel Čapek <p> described by source <o> Iedereen Leest <s> Karel Čapek <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1969–1978) <s> Karel Čapek <p> described by source <o> Obalky knih.cz <s> Karel Čapek <p> educated at <o> Humboldt University of Berlin <s> Karel Čapek <p> list of works <o> Karel Čapek bibliography <s> Karel Čapek <p> educated at <o> Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> director <s> Karel Čapek <p> described by source <o> Medvik <s> Karel Čapek <p> described by source <o> History of Everyday Life Database <s> Karel Čapek <p> place of birth <o> Malé Svatoňovice <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> writer <s> Karel Čapek <p> field of work <o> young adult literature <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> playwright <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> literary critic <s> Karel Čapek <p> given name <o> Karel <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> painter <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> children's writer <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> translator <s> Karel Čapek <p> spouse <o> Olga Scheinpflugová <s> Karel Čapek <p> religion or worldview <o> lapsed Catholic <s> Karel Čapek <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> philosopher <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> novelist <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> journalist <s> Karel Čapek <p> field of work <o> children's literature <s> Karel Čapek <p> field of work <o> creative and professional writing <s> Karel Čapek <p> field of work <o> theatrical work <s> Karel Čapek <p> field of work <o> translating activity <s> Karel Čapek <p> place of burial <o> Vyšehrad cemetery <s> Karel Čapek <p> award received <o> honorary citizen of Hradec Králové <s> Karel Čapek <p> father <o> Antonín Čapek <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> essayist <s> Karel Čapek <p> occupation <o> science fiction writer <s> Karel Čapek <p> award received <o> Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, 1st class <s> Karel Čapek <p> award received <o> honorary citizen of Prague 10 <s> public office <p> Wikidata property <o> position held <s> public office <p> part of <o> public administration <s> public office <p> Wikidata property <o> organization directed by the office or position <s> public office <p> part of <o> civil service <s> public office <p> subclass of <o> position <s> public office <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> public office <p> has characteristic <o> official dress <s> public office <p> has characteristic <o> oath of office <s> list of mayors of Rome <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia list of persons by position held <s> list of mayors of Rome <p> category related to list <o> Category:Mayors of Rome <s> list of mayors of Rome <p> part of <o> list of lists of mayors of places in Italy <s> list of mayors of Rome <p> is a list of <o> human <s> mayor of a place in Lazio <p> country <o> Italy <s> mayor of a place in Lazio <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mayors of places in Lazio <s> mayor of a place in Lazio <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Lazio <s> mayor of a place in Lazio <p> subclass of <o> mayor <s> Virginia Raggi <p> instance of <o> human <s> Virginia Raggi <p> work location <o> Rome <s> Virginia Raggi <p> country of citizenship <o> Italy <s> Virginia Raggi <p> residence <o> Rome <s> Virginia Raggi <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Italian <s> Virginia Raggi <p> native language <o> Italian <s> Virginia Raggi <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> NL Gendergap maintenance <s> Virginia Raggi <p> given name <o> Virginia <s> Virginia Raggi <p> place of birth <o> Rome <s> Virginia Raggi <p> occupation <o> politician <s> Virginia Raggi <p> educated at <o> Università degli Studi Roma Tre <s> Virginia Raggi <p> occupation <o> lawyer <s> Virginia Raggi <p> given name <o> Elena <s> Virginia Raggi <p> employer <o> Cesare Previti <s> Virginia Raggi <p> member of political party <o> Five Star Movement <s> Virginia Raggi <p> employer <o> Foro Italico University of Rome <s> Virginia Raggi <p> sex or gender <o> female <s> Virginia Raggi <p> candidacy in election <o> first voting round of 2016 Rome municipal election <s> Virginia Raggi <p> candidacy in election <o> second voting round of 2016 Rome municipal election <s> Virginia Raggi <p> family name <o> Raggi <s> Virginia Raggi <p> academic degree <o> laurea <s> Virginia Raggi <p> position held <o> mayor of Rome <s> Virginia Raggi <p> spouse <o> Andrea Severini <s> Template:Mayors of Rome <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia template <s> Template:Mayors of Rome <p> template has topic <o> mayor of Rome <s> Category:Mayors of Rome <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Mayors of Rome <p> list related to category <o> list of mayors of Rome <s> Category:Mayors of Rome <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Mayors of Rome <p> category combines topics <o> person holding this office or position <s> Category:Mayors of Rome <p> category combines topics <o> mayor of Rome <s> Category:Mayors of Rome <p> category's main topic <o> mayor of Rome </Graph>

<Text> :Karel Capek was a Czech writer, playwright, critic and journalist. He has become best known for his science fiction, including his novel War with the Newts and play R.U.R. , which introduced the word robot. He also wrote many politically charged works dealing with the social turmoil of his time. Influenced by American pragmatic liberalism, he campaigned in favor of free expression and strongly opposed the rise of both fascism and communism in Europe. Though nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times, Capek never received it. However, several awards commemorate his name, such as the Karel Capek Prize, awarded every other year by the Czech PEN Club for literary work that contributes to reinforcing or maintaining democratic and humanist values in society. He also played a key role in establishing the Czechoslovak PEN Club as a part of International PEN. Karel Capek was born in 1890 in the village of Male Svatonovice in the Bohemian mountains. However, six months after his birth, the Capek family moved to their own house in Upice. Karel Capek's father, Antonin Capek, worked as a doctor at the local textile factory. Antonin was a very active person; apart from his work as a doctor, he also co-funded the local museum and was a member of the town council. Despite opposing his father's materialist and positivist views, Karel Capek loved and admired his father, later calling him "a good example... of the generation of national awakeners". Karel's mother, Bozena Capkova, was a homemaker. Unlike her husband, she did not like life in the country, and she suffered from long-term depression. Despite that, she assiduously collected and recorded local folklore, such as legends, songs and stories. Karel was the youngest of three siblings. He would maintain an especially close relationship with his brother Josef, a highly successful painter, living and working with him throughout his adult life. His sister, Helena, was a talented pianist who later become a writer and published several memoirs about Karel and Josef. Public administration, or public policy and administration is the collective process through which public policy is created and implemented. It is also the subfield of political science that studies policy processes and the structures, functions, and behavior of public institutions and their relationships with a broader society. Public administration students generally take up employment across the public sector and non-profit civic sector, but also have opportunities to work in the for-profit private sector, especially in roles related to civil service, think tanks, politics, government relations and lobbying, public relations, regulatory affairs and regulatory compliance, consulting, trade associations, corporate social responsibility , environmental, social, and governance , public procurement , public-private partnerships , and business-to-government marketing/sales . Public administration has been described as: "the management of public programs"; the "translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day"; the study of government decision-making; the analysis of policies, and the various inputs that have produced them; and the inputs necessary to produce alternative policies. The study and application of public administration is founded on the principle that the proper functioning of an organization or institution relies on effective management. Academically, the field of public administration is multidisciplinary, and proposals for its subfields often highlight six pillars: human resources, organizational theory, policy analysis, statistics, budgeting, and ethics. Academic principles of public administration can be applied to nearly all social, economic, and political organizations. During the 1880s, United States civil servants and academics began a concerted effort to overhaul the American civil service system and elevate public administration to the status of a scientific discipline. The mayor of Rome is an elected politician who, along with the Rome City Council of 48 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Rome. As Rome is a comune speciale since 2009, the office is different from the offices of the other Italian cities. The title is the equivalent of Lord Mayor in the meaning of an actual executive leader. The Mayor is elected by the population of Rome. Citizens elect also the members of the City Council, which also controls the mayor's policy guidelines and is able to enforce the mayor's resignation by a motion of no confidence. The mayor is entitled to appoint and release the members of the Council, which are twelve according to the Italian Constitution. When the City of Rome was founded, it was initially ruled by Kings. After the last King was overthrown, it would be ruled by Consuls who were elected by the Assembly of the Centuries. The Assembly of the Centuries was an extremely oligarchic voting system, with voters organized into blocks based on wealth, and each block having but one vote to elect the Consuls. There were two Consuls at a time, known as the Consul Priori and the Consul Posteriori, and they served a 1-year term. Technically the Consul Priori was in charge of the city as well as the larger Roman Republic, and the Consul Posteriori was his second-in-command, but in practice both Consuls shared power except in times of national emergency. Virginia Elena Raggi is an Italian lawyer and politician who served as Mayor of Rome from 2016 to 2021. A member of the anti-establishment Five Star Movement , Raggi was first elected to the Rome city council in 2013. Raggi led her party to victory in 2016 municipal election, becoming the first woman and first M5S member elected mayor of Rome. Following the M5S' defeat in the 2021 Rome municipal election, Raggi left office as mayor. Raggi was born and raised in the Appio-Latino quarter of Rome, and studied law at the Roma Tre University, specialising in judicial and extrajudicial civil law. Despite not having any prior political experience, she credits the birth of her son for sparking her involvement in politics. She was previously a member of local neighborhood boards before joining the Five Star Movement for Rome district XIV in 2011. In the 2013 municipal election, Raggi was one of four members of the Five Star Movement elected to Rome city council. The maximum term of office lasts five years, but the resignation of mayor Ignazio Marino triggered early elections; Marino was ousted from office after more than half the city's councillors stepped down. Raggi won the closed primary in preparation for the upcoming June 2016 Rome municipal early election. Described by The Economist as "a talented debater", Raggi is the first female mayor of the city. She "promised to fight corruption and bring back Rome's splendor a year after a wide-reaching scandal exposed criminal infiltration in city bidding contracts". and opposed the Rome bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics arguing that the city was in a "delicate moment" pointing out the spiralling deficits in Olympic cities. This template's initial visibility currently defaults to autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page , it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Marino <p> different from <o> Marino <s> Marino <p> different from <o> Marino <s> Marino <p> said to be the same as <o> Marin <s> Marino <p> said to be the same as <o> Marinko <s> Marino <p> said to be the same as <o> Marinus <s> Marino <p> different from <o> Marino <s> Marino <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia disambiguation page <s> Marino <p> said to be the same as <o> Mariño <s> Category:Maps of Marino <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Category:Maps of Marino <p> category combines topics <o> Marino <s> Category:Maps of Marino <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Irving <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Irving <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Irving, Texas <s> Irving <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Irving, Texas <s> Irving <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Irving <s> Irving <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Irving, Texas <s> Irving <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Irving, Texas <s> Irving <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Dallas County <s> Irving <p> twinned administrative body <o> Espoo <s> Irving <p> twinned administrative body <o> Marino <s> Irving <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> Irving <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Irving <p> head of government <o> Rick Stopfer <s> Irving <p> shares border with <o> Grand Prairie <s> Irving <p> owner of <o> Texas Stadium <s> Irving <p> located in statistical territorial entity <o> Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex <s> Ischia <p> capital of <o> Ischia <s> Ischia <p> country <o> Italy <s> Ischia <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ischia <s> Ischia <p> owner of <o> Stadio Vincenzo Rispoli <s> Ischia <p> owner of <o> Stadio Enzo Mazzella <s> Ischia <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Ischia <s> Ischia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Los Angeles <s> Ischia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bari <s> Ischia <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Francisco <s> Ischia <p> seismic classification <o> 2 <s> Ischia <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Ischia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mar del Plata <s> Ischia <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Ischia <p> shares border with <o> Barano d'Ischia <s> Ischia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Castel San Giorgio <s> Ischia <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Ischia <p> patron saint <o> John Joseph of the Cross <s> Ischia <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Naples <s> Ischia <p> capital <o> Ischia <s> Ischia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Marino <s> Ischia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Leni <s> Ischia <p> shares border with <o> Casamicciola Terme <s> Paterna <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Paterna <p> twinned administrative body <o> Marino <s> Paterna <p> twinned administrative body <o> Burbank <s> Paterna <p> country <o> Spain <s> Paterna <p> shares border with <o> La Pobla de Vallbona <s> Paterna <p> shares border with <o> L'Eliana <s> Paterna <p> official language <o> Catalan <s> Paterna <p> instance of <o> municipality of Spain <s> Paterna <p> shares border with <o> San Antonio de Benagéber <s> Paterna <p> shares border with <o> Burjassot <s> Paterna <p> shares border with <o> Riba-roja de Túria <s> Paterna <p> shares border with <o> Quart de Poblet <s> Paterna <p> shares border with <o> Bétera <s> Paterna <p> instance of <o> municipality of the Valencian Community <s> Paterna <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Horta Nord <s> Paterna <p> capital <o> Paterna <s> Paterna <p> twinned administrative body <o> Adeje <s> Paterna <p> shares border with <o> Valencia <s> Paterna <p> flag <o> symbols of Paterna <s> Paterna <p> coat of arms <o> symbols of Paterna <s> Paterna <p> shares border with <o> Manises <s> Paterna <p> shares border with <o> Godella <s> Paterna <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Paterna <s> Paterna <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Paterna <s> Paterna <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Paterna <s> Paterna <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Paterna <s> Paterna <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Paterna <s> Category:Marino, Lazio <p> category's main topic <o> Marino <s> Category:Marino, Lazio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Boville <p> country <o> Italy <s> Boville <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Boville <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Boville <p> replaces <o> Marino <s> Boville <p> instance of <o> abolished municipality in Italy <s> Boville <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Rome <s> Boville <p> replaced by <o> Marino <s> Boville <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Santa Maria delle Mole <s> Boville <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Frattocchie <s> Stadio Domenico Fiore <p> country <o> Italy <s> Stadio Domenico Fiore <p> owned by <o> Marino <s> Stadio Domenico Fiore <p> sport <o> association football <s> Stadio Domenico Fiore <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Marino <s> Stadio Domenico Fiore <p> instance of <o> association football venue <s> Palazzo Colonna <p> country <o> Italy <s> Palazzo Colonna <p> instance of <o> palace <s> Palazzo Colonna <p> owned by <o> Marino <s> Palazzo Colonna <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Marino <s> Palazzo Colonna <p> architectural style <o> mannerism <s> Palazzo Colonna <p> commissioned by <o> House of Colonna <s> Palazzo Colonna <p> architect <o> Antonio da Sangallo the Younger <s> Palazzo Colonna <p> heritage designation <o> Italian national heritage <s> Category:People from Marino, Lazio <p> category combines topics <o> human <s> Category:People from Marino, Lazio <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Marino, Lazio <p> category combines topics <o> Marino <s> Category:People from Marino, Lazio <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:People from Marino, Lazio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category </Graph>

<Text> :Ischia is a volcanic island in the Tyrrhenian Sea. It lies at the northern end of the Gulf of Naples, about 30 kilometres from the city of Naples. It is the largest of the Phlegrean Islands. Roughly trapezoidal in shape, it measures approximately 10 km east to west and 7 km north to south and has about 34 km of coastline and a surface area of 46.3 square kilometres . It is almost entirely mountainous; the highest peak is Mount Epomeo, at 788 metres . The island is very densely populated, with 60,000 residents . The roughly trapezoidal island is formed by a complex volcano immediately southwest of the Campi Flegrei area at the western side of the Bay of Naples. The eruption of the trachytic Green Tuff Ignimbrite about 56,000 years ago was followed by caldera formation. The highest point of the island, Monte Epomeo ), is a volcanic horst consisting of green tuff that was submerged after its eruption and then uplifted. Volcanism on the island has been significantly affected by tectonism that formed a series of horsts and grabens; resurgent doming produced at least 800 m of uplift during the past 33,000 years. Many small monogenetic volcanoes formed around the uplifted block. Volcanism during the Holocene produced a series of pumiceous tephras, tuff rings, lava domes, and lava flows. The last eruption of Ischia, in 1302, produced a spatter cone and the Arso lava flow, which reached the NE coast. The surrounding waters including gulfs of Gaeta, Naples and Pozzuoli are both rich and healthy, providing a habitat for around 7 species of whales and dolphins including gigantic fin and sperm whales. Special research programmes on local cetaceans have been conducted to monitor and protect this bio-diversity. Virgil poetically referred to it as Inarime and still later as Arime. Martianus Capella followed Virgil in this allusive name, which was never in common circulation: the Romans called it Aenaria, the Greeks, Pithekousai, Pithekousai. Paterna is a city and a municipality in the province of Valencia in the Valencian Community, Spain. It is located northeast of the comarca of L'Horta de Valencia, 5 kilometres northwest of the inland suburbs of Valencia, and on the left bank of the river Turia. Its population in 2014 was 67,156 inhabitants, being the eleventh city by population in the Valencian Community. The town is characterized by a dry Mediterranean climate, with an average annual rainfall around 400 mm and temperatures ranging from 5 degC minimum in January to 32 degC maximum in August, reaching every summer peaks above 40 degC . The first signs of human settlement in Paterna back to the Neolithic and Bronze Age, and relics have been found in settlements of The Vallesa and Despenaperros, in an area of small hills near the river Turia, which allowed the water supply. The Iberians also left their imprint in The Vallesa and Despenaperros, where there have been found remains of a defensive wall and the walls of small huts. Documentation relating to the arrival of the Romans is limited to literary references of events near Valentia, Edeta and Saguntum. It is believed that it was at this time the original place name of Paterna was first used which is supposed to make reference to the Latin word "Paternus" or belonging to the father, alluding to the social and legal status of the property. In the municipal district, there have been found remains of an aqueduct system that extends to Massamagrell and might link through to Sagunto, a large Roman site. The Palazzo Colonna is a palace in central Rome, Italy, at the base of the Quirinal Hill, and adjacent to the church of Santi Apostoli. It is built in part over the ruins of an old Roman serapeum, and it has belonged to the prominent Colonna family for over twenty generations. The first part of the palace dates from the 13th century, and tradition holds that the building hosted Dante during his visit to Rome. The first documentary mention notes that the property hosted Cardinals Giovanni and Giacomo Colonna in the 13th century. It was also home to Cardinal Oddone Colonna before he ascended to the papacy as Pope Martin V in 1417. With his passing, the palace was sacked during feuds, and the main property passed into the hands of the Della Rovere family. It returned to the Colonna family when Marcantonio I Colonna married Lucrezia Gara Franciotti Della Rovere, the niece of Pope Julius II. The Colonna family's alliance to the Habsburg power likely protected the palace from looting during the Sack of Rome . Starting with Filippo Colonna , many changes have refurbished and create a unitary complex around a central garden. Architects including Girolamo Rainaldi and Paolo Marucelli labored on specific projects. Only in the 17th and 18th centuries were the main facades completed, one facing Piazza SS. Apostoli and the other facing Via della Pilotta. Much of this design was completed by Antonio del Grande and Girolamo Fontana . In the 18th century, the long low facade designed by Nicola Michetti, with later additions by Paolo Posi with taller corner blocks , was constructed and recalls earlier structures resembling a fortification. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> economy of Marino <p> country <o> Italy <s> economy of Marino <p> location <o> Marino <s> economy of Marino <p> instance of <o> regional economy <s> Castelluccia-Fontana Sala <p> country <o> Italy <s> Castelluccia-Fontana Sala <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Castelluccia-Fontana Sala <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Castelluccia-Fontana Sala <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Marino <s> Castelluccia-Fontana Sala <p> patron saint <o> Barnabas <s> Castelluccia-Fontana Sala <p> instance of <o> frazione <s> Frattocchie <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Frattocchie <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Frattocchie <p> country <o> Italy <s> Frattocchie <p> patron saint <o> Barnabas <s> Frattocchie <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Boville <s> Frattocchie <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Marino <s> Frattocchie <p> instance of <o> frazione <s> Santa Maria delle Mole <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Santa Maria delle Mole <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Santa Maria delle Mole <p> country <o> Italy <s> Santa Maria delle Mole <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Marino <s> Santa Maria delle Mole <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Boville <s> Santa Maria delle Mole <p> instance of <o> frazione <s> Neukölln <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Berlin <s> Neukölln <p> twinned administrative body <o> Anderlecht <s> Neukölln <p> twinned administrative body <o> London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham <s> Neukölln <p> country <o> Germany <s> Neukölln <p> twinned administrative body <o> Boulogne-Billancourt <s> Neukölln <p> different from <o> Neukölln <s> Neukölln <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bat Yam <s> Neukölln <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wetzlar <s> Neukölln <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cologne <s> Neukölln <p> twinned administrative body <o> Marino <s> Neukölln <p> named after <o> Neukölln <s> Neukölln <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Neukölln <s> Neukölln <p> twinned administrative body <o> Leonberg <s> Neukölln <p> shares border with <o> Treptow-Köpenick <s> Neukölln <p> shares border with <o> Tempelhof-Schöneberg <s> Neukölln <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ústí nad Orlicí <s> Neukölln <p> twinned administrative body <o> Prague 5 <s> Neukölln <p> shares border with <o> Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg <s> Neukölln <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Britz <s> Neukölln <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Rudow <s> Neukölln <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pushkin <s> Neukölln <p> twinned administrative body <o> Çiğli <s> Neukölln <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zaanstad <s> Neukölln <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Neukölln <s> Neukölln <p> head of government <o> Martin Hikel <s> Neukölln <p> instance of <o> borough of Berlin <s> Neukölln <p> shares border with <o> Tempelhof <s> Neukölln <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Buckow <s> Neukölln <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gropiusstadt <s> Nafpaktos <p> country <o> Greece <s> Nafpaktos <p> instance of <o> city <s> Nafpaktos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Marino <s> Nafpaktos <p> instance of <o> polis <s> Nafpaktos <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:00 <s> Nafpaktos <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Nafpaktos <p> significant event <o> Battle of Lepanto <s> Nafpaktos <p> patron saint <o> Demetrius of Thessaloniki <s> Nafpaktos <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Nafpaktos <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Nafpaktia Municipality <s> Nafpaktos <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Nafpaktos <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Nafpaktos <p> described by source <o> Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd edition) <s> Nafpaktos <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Nafpaktos <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Nafpaktia Province <s> Nafpaktos <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Nafpaktos Municipal Unit <s> Nafpaktos <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Nafpaktos <p> described by source <o> Svensk uppslagsbok <s> Nafpaktos <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Nafpaktos <s> Nafpaktos <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Nafpaktos <s> Nafpaktos <p> described by source <o> New Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Nafpaktos <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Nafpaktos <p> capital of <o> Nafpaktia Province <s> Nafpaktos <p> capital of <o> Nafpaktos Municipal Unit <s> Nafpaktos <p> capital of <o> Nafpaktia Municipality <s> Marino <p> country <o> Italy <s> Marino <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Marino <s> Marino <p> capital of <o> Marino <s> Marino <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Marino <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Marino <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Category:Guidonia Montecelio <p> category's main topic <o> Guidonia Montecelio <s> Category:Guidonia Montecelio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Maps of Guidonia Montecelio <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Category:Maps of Guidonia Montecelio <p> category combines topics <o> Guidonia Montecelio <s> Category:Maps of Guidonia Montecelio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> mayor of Guidonia Montecelio <p> country <o> Italy <s> mayor of Guidonia Montecelio <p> instance of <o> public office <s> mayor of Guidonia Montecelio <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Guidonia Montecelio <s> mayor of Guidonia Montecelio <p> subclass of <o> mayor of a place in Lazio </Graph>

<Text> :Bovillae was a station on the Via Appia , located c. 11 miles south-east of Rome. It was a colony of Alba Longa, and appears as one of the thirty cities of the Latin league. After the destruction of Alba Longa in 658 BC the sacra were, it was held, transferred to Bovillae, including the cult of Vesta and that of the gens Iulia. The existence of this hereditary worship led to an increase in its importance when the Julian house rose to the highest power in the state. The horsemen met Augustus's dead body at Bovillae on its way to Rome, and in 16 AD the shrine of the family worship was dedicated anew and yearly games in the circus instituted, probably under the charge of the sodales Augustales, whose official calendar has been found here. Bovillae appears as the scene of the quarrel between Milo and Clodius, in which the latter, whose villa lay above the town on the left of the Via Appia, was killed. The site is not naturally strong, and remains of early fortifications cannot be traced. It may be that Bovillae took the place of Alba Longa as a local centre after the destruction of the latter by Rome, which would explain the deliberate choice of a strategically weak position. Remains of the circus built there by Tiberius in 14 AD in honor of Augustus can still be seen at 41deg45'27''N 12deg37'18''E / 41.7574993degN 12.621679degE / 41.7574993; 12.621679 , and of an octagonal mausoleum, on the edge of the Via Appia. There were once also a theatre and a schola actorum , identified by an inscription found in the neighbourhood, and, probably, a temple dedicated to Veiovis, a divinity associated to the gens Iulia. Remains of a side-road leading off from the nearby Appian Way were unearthed during excavation work to build a McDonald's restaurant in 2014. During the excavation, a total of four male skeletons were also discovered. The restaurant itself now houses a view of a 150-foot stretch of 2,000-year-old cobbled street beneath a glass walkway. It's also possible to go into the excavated area from a separate entrance. Neukolln is one of the twelve boroughs of Berlin. It is located in the southeastern part from the city centre towards Berlin Schonefeld Airport. It was part of the former American sector under the Four-Power occupation of the city. It features many Grunderzeit buildings and is characterized by having one of the highest percentage of immigrants in Berlin. In recent years an influx of students and creative types has led to gentrification. In September 1929, Goebbels led his men into Neukolln, a KPD stronghold, and the two warring parties exchanged pistol and revolver fire. During World War II, Neukolln was the location of a subcamp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp for Jewish and Romani women. After World War II, Neukolln underwent significant transformation as a result of the city's division by the Berlin Wall. The neighborhood was located in West Berlin and became a center of industry and commerce, with many factories and warehouses. From 1966 to 1975 the Gropiusstadt was built, a "Trabantenstadt" or city-within-a-city housing estate, designed by architect Walter Gropius. In the 1980s and 1990s, Neukolln underwent a process of gentrification, with many artists, students, and young professionals moving into the area. In recent years, Neukolln has become known for its diverse and vibrant cultural scene, with a mix of traditional and alternative businesses and a thriving arts and music scene. Today, Neukolln is a popular destination for tourists and locals alike, with a diverse array of restaurants, cafes, and shops, as well as a number of cultural attractions and events. Despite its gentrification, Neukolln remains a working-class neighborhood with a diverse and multicultural population. Nafpaktos is a town and a former municipality in Nafpaktia, Aetolia-Acarnania, West Greece, situated on a bay on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, 3 km west of the mouth of the river Mornos. It is named for Naupaktos , an important Athenian naval station in the Peloponnesian war. As a strategically crucial possession controlling access to the Gulf of Corinth, Naupaktos changed hands many times during the Crusades and the Ottoman-Venetian Wars. It was under Venetian control in the 15th century, and came to be known by the Venetian form of its name, Lepanto. It fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1499 and was used as a naval station by the Ottoman Navy in the 16th century, being the site of the decisive victory by the Holy League in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. Except for a brief period of Venetian control in 1687-1699, Lepanto remained under Ottoman control until Greek independence in 1829. The modern municipality was incorporated in 1946, and later merged into the larger Nafpaktia municipality in the 2010 reform. Nafpaktos is now both the name of a municipal unit within Nafpaktia and of the town proper within the Nafpaktos unit. The municipal district has an area of 159,947 square kilometres , with a population close to 20,000 as of 2011. The town is 9 km northeast of Antirrio, 18 km northeast of Patras, 35 km east of Missolonghi and 45 km southeast of Agrinio. The Greek National Road 48/E65 passes north of the town. It is the second largest town of Aetolia-Acarnania, after Agrinio. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Guidonia Montecelio <p> country <o> Italy <s> Guidonia Montecelio <p> capital of <o> Guidonia Montecelio <s> Guidonia Montecelio <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Guidonia Montecelio <s> Guidonia Montecelio <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Guidonia Montecelio <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Guidonia Montecelio <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> sparse municipality <p> country <o> Italy <s> sparse municipality <p> subclass of <o> commune of Italy <s> Marcellina <p> country <o> Italy <s> Marcellina <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Marcellina <p> capital <o> Marcellina <s> Marcellina <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Marcellina <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Marcellina <p> shares border with <o> Guidonia Montecelio <s> Marcellina <p> shares border with <o> San Polo dei Cavalieri <s> Marcellina <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Marcellina <p> shares border with <o> Tivoli <s> Marcellina <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Marcellina <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Marcellina <s> Palombara Sabina <p> country <o> Italy <s> Palombara Sabina <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Palombara Sabina <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Palombara Sabina <p> shares border with <o> Monteflavio <s> Palombara Sabina <p> shares border with <o> Montelibretti <s> Palombara Sabina <p> shares border with <o> Monterotondo <s> Palombara Sabina <p> shares border with <o> Moricone <s> Palombara Sabina <p> shares border with <o> Guidonia Montecelio <s> Palombara Sabina <p> shares border with <o> Mentana <s> Palombara Sabina <p> patron saint <o> Blaise of Sebaste <s> Palombara Sabina <p> shares border with <o> San Polo dei Cavalieri <s> Palombara Sabina <p> shares border with <o> Sant'Angelo Romano <s> Palombara Sabina <p> capital <o> Palombara Sabina <s> Palombara Sabina <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Palombara Sabina <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Palombara Sabina <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Palombara Sabina <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Palombara Sabina <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> country <o> Italy <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> shares border with <o> Monteflavio <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> shares border with <o> Castel Madama <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> patron saint <o> Saint Nicholas <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> capital <o> San Polo dei Cavalieri <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> shares border with <o> Vicovaro <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> shares border with <o> Tivoli <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in San Polo dei Cavalieri <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> shares border with <o> Guidonia Montecelio <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> shares border with <o> Licenza <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> topic's main category <o> Category:San Polo dei Cavalieri <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> shares border with <o> Marcellina <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> shares border with <o> Palombara Sabina <s> San Polo dei Cavalieri <p> shares border with <o> Roccagiovine <s> Madonna di Loreto <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia disambiguation page <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> capital <o> Castelnuovo di Porto <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> country <o> Italy <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> shares border with <o> Capena <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> shares border with <o> Magliano Romano <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> shares border with <o> Sacrofano <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> shares border with <o> Riano <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> member of <o> The most beautiful villages in Italy <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> patron saint <o> Antoninus of Apamea <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> shares border with <o> Morlupo <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> shares border with <o> Monterotondo <s> Castelnuovo di Porto <p> seismic classification <o> 3A <s> Montelibretti <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Montelibretti <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Montelibretti <p> country <o> Italy <s> Montelibretti <p> shares border with <o> Montorio Romano <s> Montelibretti <p> shares border with <o> Moricone <s> Montelibretti <p> patron saint <o> Saint Nicholas <s> Montelibretti <p> shares border with <o> Nerola <s> Montelibretti <p> shares border with <o> Fara in Sabina <s> Montelibretti <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Montelibretti <p> capital <o> Montelibretti <s> Montelibretti <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Montelibretti <p> shares border with <o> Palombara Sabina <s> Montelibretti <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Montelibretti <s> Montelibretti <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Montelibretti <p> shares border with <o> Capena <s> Montelibretti <p> shares border with <o> Monterotondo <s> Montelibretti <p> shares border with <o> Fiano Romano <s> Capena <p> country <o> Italy <s> Capena <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Capena <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Capena <p> part of <o> Province of Rome <s> Capena <p> capital <o> Capena <s> Capena <p> shares border with <o> Civitella San Paolo <s> Capena <p> shares border with <o> Fiano Romano <s> Capena <p> patron saint <o> Luke the Evangelist <s> Capena <p> shares border with <o> Castelnuovo di Porto <s> Capena <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Capena <p> shares border with <o> Montelibretti <s> Capena <p> shares border with <o> Monterotondo <s> Capena <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Capena <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Capena <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Capena <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Capena <s> Capena <p> shares border with <o> Morlupo <s> Capena <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Capena <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Capena <p> shares border with <o> Rignano Flaminio <s> Monterotondo <p> country <o> Italy <s> Monterotondo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Monterotondo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Monterotondo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Monterotondo <s> Monterotondo <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Monterotondo <p> capital of <o> Monterotondo </Graph>

<Text> :The municipality of Guidonia Montecelio, formed by the main towns of Guidonia and Montecelio, lies to the north-east of Rome, some kilometres from the Grande Raccordo Anulare - a ring-shaped motorway which forms a circle around the capital. The terrain of Guidonia Montecelio is mainly flat, and the community lies in between the Via Nomentana and the Via Tiburtina. It borders with Fonte Nuova, Marcellina, Palombara Sabina, Rome, San Polo dei Cavalieri, Sant'Angelo Romano and Tivoli. The hamlets are Albuccione, Bivio di Guidonia, Colle Fiorito, Colleverde, La Botte, Marco Simone, Montecelio, Pichini, Setteville, Setteville Nord, Villalba and Villanova. In 1915 the Regio Esercito built a major military airport in the area for its Corpo Aeronautico Militare , the predecessor of the Italian Royal Air Force founded in 1923. Guidonia was erected as a comune in 1937 by Benito Mussolini, its name chosen to honour the Regia Aeronautica general Alessandro Guidoni , who had died on 27 April 1928 while testing a new parachute at the air force facilities. Castelnuovo di Porto is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region Lazio, located about 25 kilometres north of Rome. It is one of I Borghi piu belli d'Italia . Montelibretti borders the following municipalities: Capena, Fara in Sabina, Fiano Romano, Monterotondo, Montopoli di Sabina, Montorio Romano, Moricone, Nerola, Palombara Sabina. The hamlet Borgo Santa Maria is a part of the town administratively. The name derives from the presence of a Roman villa owned by Caius Brutius Presentis, Commodus' father-in-law. In the Middle Ages, starting from the 15th century, it was a fortress of the Orsini, who were succeeded by the Barberini and then by the Sciarra. Capena is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio region . The town has borrowed its modern name from a pre-Roman and Roman settlement that was 3 kilometres to its north. Capena is located 26.2 kilometres north of Rome , above the valley of the Tiber. The old quarter stands on a hill overlooking the valley of the Fosso di Morlupo to the west, while the modern district extends into the eastern plain. The original Capena occupied the plateau of a nowadays uninhabited hill called La Civitucola, which is about 4 miles northeast of a post station on the ancient Via Flaminia. Its territory was known in ancient times as the Ager Capenas, which was a Faliscan area adjacent to Etruria. It is frequently mentioned alongside of Veii, Falerii and Lucus Feroniae. Ancient Capena seems to have been ruthlessly sacked by the Romans sometime around 390 BC, following a long campaign of resistance by the Capenates to the ever-growing influence of Rome in the area. In later republican times the city itself is hardly mentioned, but under the empire a municipium Capenatium foederatum is frequently mentioned in inscriptions. Of these several were found upon the Civitucola hill. According to some historians, Monterotondo is the heir of the ancient Sabine town of Eretum, although the modern settlement appeared in the 10th-11th centuries in a different location. The name derives from the medieval corruption of the original Mons Eretum. In the Middle Ages, due to its location across the Via Salaria, Monterotondo was a strategic point for the defense of Rome. Initially under the Capocci family, it was sold in the 12th century to the Orsini, who held it until the 18th century. In 1432, it was seized by the condottiero Niccolo Fortebraccio, and in 1485, it was set on fire by the Orsini. The European Molecular Biology Laboratory outstation in Rome is actually situated in Monterotondo. Its research is focused on Epigenetics and Neurobiology. It has become established as a basic research center of excellence and innovation in mouse genetics and functional genomics. It captures new opportunities and applications of mouse genetic manipulation. Alliances with other European academic research and clinical centers have established EMBL Rome as a hub for the international mouse research network which exploits applications of mouse genetic manipulation to biomedical problems. Polisportiva Monterotondo Calcio was the major football club of the city. The club played in Serie D several times. However, the club started to play in Rome and was renamed Polisportiva Monterotondo Lupa in 2011 and again relocated to Maccarese, Fiumicino as Pol. Maccarese Giada in 2013. In 2014 that team was folded. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:Births in Monterotondo <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Births in Monterotondo <p> category combines topics <o> Monterotondo <s> Category:Births in Monterotondo <p> category combines topics <o> place of birth <s> Category:Births in Monterotondo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Monterotondo <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Monterotondo <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:People from Monterotondo <p> category combines topics <o> Monterotondo <s> Category:People from Monterotondo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Monterotondo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Monterotondo <p> category's main topic <o> Monterotondo <s> Category:Deaths in Monterotondo <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Monterotondo <p> category combines topics <o> Monterotondo <s> Category:Deaths in Monterotondo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Monterotondo <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Views of Tivoli (Italy) <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Views of Tivoli (Italy) <p> category combines topics <o> Tivoli <s> Category:Views of Tivoli (Italy) <p> category combines topics <o> view <s> Category:Views from Tivoli (Italy) <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Views from Tivoli (Italy) <p> category combines topics <o> Tivoli <s> Category:Views from Tivoli (Italy) <p> category combines topics <o> view <s> Castel Madama <p> country <o> Italy <s> Castel Madama <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Castel Madama <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Castel Madama <p> patron saint <o> Michael <s> Castel Madama <p> capital <o> Castel Madama <s> Castel Madama <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Castel Madama <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Castel Madama <p> shares border with <o> Tivoli <s> Castel Madama <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oudenaarde <s> Castel Madama <p> shares border with <o> Ciciliano <s> Castel Madama <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Castel Madama <p> shares border with <o> Vicovaro <s> Castel Madama <p> shares border with <o> San Polo dei Cavalieri <s> Castel Madama <p> shares border with <o> San Gregorio da Sassola <s> Castel Madama <p> shares border with <o> Sambuci <s> Vicovaro <p> country <o> Italy <s> Vicovaro <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Vicovaro <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Vicovaro <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Vicovaro <p> patron saint <o> Anthony the Great <s> Vicovaro <p> shares border with <o> Castel Madama <s> Vicovaro <p> shares border with <o> Tivoli <s> Vicovaro <p> shares border with <o> Mandela <s> Vicovaro <p> shares border with <o> Roccagiovine <s> Vicovaro <p> capital <o> Vicovaro <s> Vicovaro <p> shares border with <o> San Polo dei Cavalieri <s> Vicovaro <p> shares border with <o> Sambuci <s> Vicovaro <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Vicovaro <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Vicovaro <p> award received <o> medal for civil merit <s> Vicovaro <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Vicovaro <s> Vicovaro <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Vicovaro <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Vicovaro <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint-Chéron <s> Vicovaro <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Vicovaro <s> Vicovaro <p> shares border with <o> Saracinesco <s> Focșani <p> contains settlement <o> Focșani <s> Focșani <p> country <o> Romania <s> Focșani <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:00 <s> Focșani <p> capital of <o> Vrancea County <s> Focșani <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Focșani <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Focșani <s> Focșani <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Focșani <s> Focșani <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Focșani <s> Focșani <p> twinned administrative body <o> Potenza <s> Focșani <p> twinned administrative body <o> Banja Luka <s> Focșani <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tivoli <s> Focșani <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Focșani <s> Focșani <p> capital <o> Focșani <s> Focșani <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Vrancea County <s> Focșani <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ramat Gan <s> Focșani <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Focșani <p> contains settlement <o> Mândrești-Moldova <s> Focșani <p> contains settlement <o> Mândrești-Munteni <s> Focșani <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Focșani <s> Focșani <p> twinned administrative body <o> Patras <s> Focșani <p> twinned administrative body <o> 's-Hertogenbosch <s> Focșani <p> twinned administrative body <o> Berd <s> Focșani <p> instance of <o> municipality of Romania <s> Focșani <p> instance of <o> capital of county in Romania <s> Focșani <p> head of government <o> Cristi Valentin Misăilă <s> Category:Tivoli, Lazio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Tivoli, Lazio <p> category's main topic <o> Tivoli </Graph>

<Text> :The area of Vicovaro was inhabited as early as the Neolithic period, as testified by remains dating from this period to the late Bronze Age. It was a city of the Aequi, later colonized by Rome. During the Roman domination, it was known as Vicus Varronis, Vicus Vari or Vicus Valerius. It was on the Via Valeria. Pope Celestine III granted Vicovaro to his Orsini relatives. The town held strategic importance in the Aniene valley. In 1533, Ludovico Gonzaga seized Vicovaro in a conflict between the Orsini and the Medici pope Clement VII. After the surrender, Gonzaga was assassinated by Napoleone Orsini who shot him with an arquebus. In 1692, Orsini properties were auctioned off to satisfy debts, and Vicovaro fell to Count Paulo Bolognetti. His son, Ferdinando, married Flavia Theodoli, sister of Marchese Gerolamo Theodoli. The Bolognettis refurbished and expanded the Orsini castle and initiated other building projects in the city. Theodoli oversaw the restoration of the Church of San Pietro for his nephew, Giacomo Bolognetti. Focsani is the capital city of Vrancea County in Romania on the banks the river Milcov, in the historical region of Moldavia. As of 2022, it has a population of 66,719. Focsani lies at the foot of the Curvature Carpathians, at a point of convergence for tectonic geologic faults, which raises the risk of earthquakes in the vicinity. Though Vrancea County is one of the most popular wine-producing regions in Romania, Odobesti being just to the northwest, in Romania, Focsani itself is not considered a wine-producing center. The wine sold as Weisse von Fokshan in Germany and some other European countries is generally a Feteasca Alba de Odobesti wine, and practically a second-rated wine which does not comply to the European Union rules of naming the regions of origin of wines. The earthquakes with the epicenter in Vrancea are caused by the movements of the nearby fault blocks. Devastating earthquakes measuring 7 to 8 on the Richter scale have been recorded in 1738, 1802, 1838, 1940, 1977 and 1986. As a town on the Moldavian-Wallachian border, Focsani developed into an important trade center halfway between the Russian Empire and the Balkans. A congress between Imperial Russian and Ottoman diplomats took place near the city in 1772. Near the town, the Ottomans suffered a severe defeat at the hands of the allied forces of the Habsburg monarchy under Prince Frederick Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Imperial Russia under Alexander Suvorov in 1789 . </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Tibur <p> country <o> Italy <s> Tibur <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Tibur <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Tibur <p> instance of <o> human settlement <s> Tibur <p> instance of <o> Roman city <s> Tibur <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Tibur <p> replaced by <o> Tivoli <s> Tibur <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Category:Deaths in Tivoli <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Tivoli <p> category combines topics <o> Tivoli <s> Category:Deaths in Tivoli <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Tivoli <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Films shot in Tivoli <p> category contains <o> film <s> Category:Films shot in Tivoli <p> category combines topics <o> filming location <s> Category:Films shot in Tivoli <p> category combines topics <o> Tivoli <s> Category:Films shot in Tivoli <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Tivoli, Lazio <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Tivoli, Lazio <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:People from Tivoli, Lazio <p> category combines topics <o> Tivoli <s> Category:People from Tivoli, Lazio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Mentana <p> country <o> Italy <s> Mentana <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Mentana <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Mentana <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Mentana <s> Mentana <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Mentana <p> capital of <o> Mentana <s> Category:Mentana <p> category's main topic <o> Mentana <s> Category:Mentana <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Mentana <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Mentana <p> category combines topics <o> Mentana <s> Category:Deaths in Mentana <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Mentana <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Nomentum <p> country <o> Italy <s> Nomentum <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Lazio <s> Nomentum <p> instance of <o> archaeological site <s> Nomentum <p> different from <o> Mentana <s> Nomentum <p> part of <o> Latin League <s> Nomentum <p> instance of <o> Roman city <s> Category:Million cities <p> category's main topic <o> million city <s> Category:Million cities <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> minimum population <p> subclass of <o> population <s> minimum population <p> different from <o> threshold population </Graph>

<Text> :Tivoli is a town and comune in Lazio, central Italy, 30 kilometres north-east of Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river where it issues from the Sabine hills. The city offers a wide view over the Roman Campagna. Gaius Julius Solinus cites Cato the Elder's lost Origines for the story that the city of Tibur was founded by Catillus the Arcadian, a son of Amphiaraus, who came there having escaped the slaughter at Thebes, Greece. Catillus and his three sons Tiburtus, Coras, and Catillus drove out the Siculi from the Aniene plateau and founded a city they named Tibur in honor of Tiburtus. According to another account, Tibur was a colony of Alba Longa. Historical traces of settlement in the area date back to the thirteenth century BC. Tibur may share a common root with the river Tiber and the Latin praenomen Tiberius. From Etruscan times Tibur, a Sabine city, was the seat of the Tiburtine Sibyl. There are two small temples above the falls, the rotunda traditionally associated with Vesta and the rectangular one with the Sibyl of Tibur, whom Varro calls Albunea, the water nymph who was worshipped on the banks of the Aniene as a tenth Sibyl added to the nine mentioned by the Greek writers. In the nearby woods, Faunus had a sacred grove. During the Roman age Tibur maintained a certain importance, being on the way that Romans had to follow to cross the mountain regions of the Apennines towards the Abruzzo, the region where lived some of its fiercest enemies such as Volsci, Sabines, and Samnites. At first an independent ally of Rome, Tibur allied itself with the Gauls in 361 BC. Vestiges remain of its defensive walls of this period, in opus quadratum. In 338 BC, however, Tibur was defeated and absorbed by the Romans. The city acquired Roman citizenship in 90 BC and became a resort area famed for its beauty and its good water, and was enriched by many Roman villas. The most famous one, of which the ruins remain, is the Villa Adriana . Maecenas and Augustus also had villas at Tibur, and the poet Horace had a modest villa: he and Catullus and Statius all mention Tibur in their poems. In 273, Zenobia, the captive queen of Palmyra, was assigned a residence here by the Emperor Aurelian. The second-century temple of Hercules Victor is being excavated. The present Piazza del Duomo occupies the Roman forum. Mentana is a town and comune, former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, central Italy. It is located 29 kilometres north-east of Rome and has a population of about 23,000. Mentana is a town located in the region of Lazio in central Italy. The town's name in ancient times was Nomentum, to which the Via Nomentana led from Rome. According to Livy, the town was part of the Latin League, which went to war with Rome during the reign of Rome's king Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. Nomentum was one of a number of towns captured by Tarquinius. It was a Latin town, but was considered by some to be Sabine, and, like Fidenae and Ficulea, was excluded from the first region by Augustus, who made the Anio river its northern boundary. The city was part of the League defeated by Rome in the Battle of Lake Regillus, and was captured definitively in 338 BC. Subsequently, Nomentum received the civitas sine suffragio, and in its municipal constitution the chief magistrate even in imperial times bore the title of dictator. Pliny and Martial often praised the fertility of its neighbourhood. Seneca the Younger affirmed on multiple occasions having property and retreating to Nomentum. This property contained a villa and vineyards, probably acquired just before his withdrawal from politics. Mentana is a town and comune, former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, central Italy. It is located 29 kilometres north-east of Rome and has a population of about 23,000. Mentana is a town located in the region of Lazio in central Italy. The town's name in ancient times was Nomentum, to which the Via Nomentana led from Rome. According to Livy, the town was part of the Latin League, which went to war with Rome during the reign of Rome's king Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. Nomentum was one of a number of towns captured by Tarquinius. It was a Latin town, but was considered by some to be Sabine, and, like Fidenae and Ficulea, was excluded from the first region by Augustus, who made the Anio river its northern boundary. The city was part of the League defeated by Rome in the Battle of Lake Regillus, and was captured definitively in 338 BC. Subsequently, Nomentum received the civitas sine suffragio, and in its municipal constitution the chief magistrate even in imperial times bore the title of dictator. Pliny and Martial often praised the fertility of its neighbourhood. Seneca the Younger affirmed on multiple occasions having property and retreating to Nomentum. This property contained a villa and vineyards, probably acquired just before his withdrawal from politics. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Rozzano <p> seismic classification <o> 3 <s> Rozzano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Rozzano <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Rozzano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Rozzano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Rozzano <p> shares border with <o> Basiglio <s> Rozzano <p> shares border with <o> Assago <s> Rozzano <p> capital <o> Rozzano <s> Rozzano <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Rozzano <p> shares border with <o> Opera <s> Rozzano <p> shares border with <o> Pieve Emanuele <s> Rozzano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Rozzano <p> shares border with <o> Binasco <s> Rozzano <p> shares border with <o> Zibido San Giacomo <s> Rozzano <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Rozzano <s> Novate Milanese <p> country <o> Italy <s> Novate Milanese <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Novate Milanese <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Novate Milanese <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Novate Milanese <p> shares border with <o> Baranzate <s> Novate Milanese <p> seismic classification <o> 4 <s> Novate Milanese <p> shares border with <o> Bollate <s> Novate Milanese <p> capital <o> Novate Milanese <s> Novate Milanese <p> shares border with <o> Cormano <s> Novate Milanese <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Novate Milanese <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Novate Milanese <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Novate Milanese <s> Novate Milanese <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People of Novate Milanese <s> Novate Milanese <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Novate Milanese <s> Novate Milanese <p> patron saint <o> Gervasius and Protasius <s> Novate Milanese <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Born in Novate Milanese <s> Vimodrone <p> country <o> Italy <s> Vimodrone <p> capital <o> Vimodrone <s> Vimodrone <p> shares border with <o> Pioltello <s> Vimodrone <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Vimodrone <p> shares border with <o> Segrate <s> Vimodrone <p> seismic classification <o> 3 <s> Vimodrone <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Vimodrone <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Vimodrone <p> shares border with <o> Cernusco sul Naviglio <s> Vimodrone <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Vimodrone <p> shares border with <o> Cologno Monzese <s> Vimodrone <p> patron saint <o> Saint Remigius <s> Vimodrone <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bella <s> Vimodrone <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Vimodrone <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Vimodrone <s> Opera <p> country <o> Italy <s> Opera <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Opera <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Opera <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Opera <p> patron saint <o> Peter <s> Opera <p> shares border with <o> San Donato Milanese <s> Opera <p> shares border with <o> Rozzano <s> Opera <p> shares border with <o> Pieve Emanuele <s> Opera <p> seismic classification <o> 3 <s> Opera <p> capital <o> Opera <s> Opera <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Opera <p> shares border with <o> Locate di Triulzi <s> Opera <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Opera <p> different from <o> Opera <s> Opera <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Opera (Italia) <s> Pero <p> seismic classification <o> 4 <s> Pero <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Pero <p> country <o> Italy <s> Pero <p> capital <o> Pero <s> Pero <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Pero <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Pero <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Pero <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Pero (Italy) <s> Pero <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Pero <p> shares border with <o> Rho <s> Pero <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fuscaldo <s> Mashhad <p> country <o> Iran <s> Mashhad <p> capital of <o> Razavi Khorasan Province <s> Mashhad <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Mashhad <p> capital of <o> Mashhad County <s> Mashhad <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Mashhad <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 7 <s> Mashhad <p> owner of <o> Samen Al-Aeme Stadium <s> Mashhad <p> twinned administrative body <o> Verona <s> Mashhad <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Mashhad <p> capital of <o> Afsharid Empire <s> Mashhad <p> twinned administrative body <o> Karachi <s> Mashhad <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Mashhad <s> Mashhad <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:30 <s> Mashhad <p> capital of <o> Khorasan Province <s> Mashhad <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Mashhad <s> Mashhad <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Mashhad <s> Mashhad <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Mashhad <s> Mashhad <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lahore <s> Mashhad <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Mashhad <s> Mashhad <p> twinned administrative body <o> Surabaya <s> Mashhad <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Mashhad <s> Mashhad <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kuala Lumpur <s> Mashhad <p> official language <o> Persian <s> Mashhad <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mazar-i-Sharif <s> Mashhad <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ürümqi <s> Mashhad <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santiago de Compostela <s> Mashhad <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Mashhad <s> Mashhad <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fresno <s> Mashhad <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Mashhad <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Central District <s> Mashhad <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mashhad <s> Mashhad <p> instance of <o> city of Iran <s> Mashhad <p> head of government <o> Mohammad Reza Kalaei <s> Segrate <p> country <o> Italy <s> Segrate <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Segrate <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Segrate <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Segrate <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Segrate <p> shares border with <o> Vimodrone <s> Segrate <p> shares border with <o> Pioltello <s> Segrate <p> capital <o> Segrate <s> Segrate <p> shares border with <o> Peschiera Borromeo <s> Segrate <p> patron saint <o> Roch <s> Segrate <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Segrate <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Segrate <s> Segrate <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Segrate <s> Segrate <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Segrate <p> seismic classification <o> 3 <s> Segrate <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Segrate <s> Segrate <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Segrate <s> Bresso <p> country <o> Italy <s> Bresso <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Bresso <p> shares border with <o> Cormano <s> Bresso <p> shares border with <o> Cusano Milanino <s> Bresso <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Bresso <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Bresso <p> seismic classification <o> 3 <s> Bresso <p> shares border with <o> Cinisello Balsamo <s> Bresso <p> capital <o> Bresso <s> Bresso <p> shares border with <o> Sesto San Giovanni <s> Bresso <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Bresso <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Bresso <s> Bresso <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Bresso <s> Bresso <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Baranzate <p> country <o> Italy <s> Baranzate <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Baranzate <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Baranzate <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Baranzate <p> shares border with <o> Bollate <s> Baranzate <p> seismic classification <o> 4 <s> Baranzate <p> capital <o> Baranzate <s> Baranzate <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Baranzate <p> shares border with <o> Novate Milanese <s> Baranzate <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Baranzate <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tembuku <s> Baranzate <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Baranzate <s> Ragusa <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Ragusa <s> Ragusa <p> seismic classification <o> 1 <s> Ragusa <p> country <o> Italy <s> Ragusa <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Ragusa <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dubrovnik <s> Ragusa <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tours <s> Ragusa <p> twinned administrative body <o> Asunción <s> Ragusa <p> different from <o> Dubrovnik <s> Ragusa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Ragusa <p> official language <o> Italian <s> Ragusa <p> capital of <o> Province of Ragusa <s> Ragusa <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Ragusa <s> Ragusa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Ragusa <p> shares border with <o> Province of Caltanissetta <s> Ragusa <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mosta <s> Ragusa <p> shares border with <o> Comiso <s> Ragusa <p> shares border with <o> Chiaramonte Gulfi <s> Ragusa <p> twinned administrative body <o> Little Rock <s> Ragusa <p> shares border with <o> Giarratana <s> Ragusa <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rădăuți <s> Ragusa <p> patron saint <o> John the Baptist <s> Ragusa <p> shares border with <o> Santa Croce Camerina <s> Ragusa <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Ragusa <p> described by source <o> Internetowa encyklopedia PWN <s> Ragusa <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Ragusa <p> shares border with <o> Scicli <s> Ragusa <p> shares border with <o> Vittoria <s> Ragusa <p> shares border with <o> Rosolini <s> Ragusa <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Ragusa <p> shares border with <o> Modica <s> Ragusa <p> shares border with <o> Monterosso Almo <s> Ragusa <p> part of <o> Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto <s> Ragusa <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Free Municipal Consortium of Ragusa <s> Ragusa <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ragusa, Sicily <s> Ragusa <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Ragusa <s> Ragusa <p> heritage designation <o> part of UNESCO World Heritage Site <s> Ragusa <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Ragusa <s> Ragusa <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Ragusa, Sicily </Graph>

<Text> :The first government to officialise the birth of the municipality of Rozzano was that of Napoleon who in 1809 decreed the annexation of Torriggio and in 1811 those of Cassino Scanasio, Pontesesto and Quinto de' Stampi. The Austrians first annulled everything in 1816, but then reconsidered regarding Torriggio and Cassino Scanasio in 1841, while it was Vittorio Emanuele II in 1870 who sanctioned the final union with Pontesesto, which also brought Quinto as a dowry. Vimodrone is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region of Lombardy. It is located about 14 kilometres northeast of Milan. Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" is typically a collaboration between a composer and a librettist and incorporates a number of the performing arts, such as acting, scenery, costume, and sometimes dance or ballet. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble, which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor. Although musical theatre is closely related to opera, the two are considered to be distinct from one another. Opera is a key part of the Western classical music tradition. Originally understood as an entirely sung piece, in contrast to a play with songs, opera has come to include numerous genres, including some that include spoken dialogue such as Singspiel and Opera comique. In traditional number opera, singers employ two styles of singing: recitative, a speech-inflected style, and self-contained arias. The 19th century saw the rise of the continuous music drama. Opera originated in Italy at the end of the 16th century especially from works by Claudio Monteverdi, notably L'Orfeo, and soon spread through the rest of Europe: Heinrich Schutz in Germany, Jean-Baptiste Lully in France, and Henry Purcell in England all helped to establish their national traditions in the 17th century. In the 18th century, Italian opera continued to dominate most of Europe , attracting foreign composers such as George Frideric Handel. Opera seria was the most prestigious form of Italian opera, until Christoph Willibald Gluck reacted against its artificiality with his "reform" operas in the 1760s. The most renowned figure of late 18th-century opera is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who began with opera seria but is most famous for his Italian comic operas, especially The Marriage of Figaro , Don Giovanni, and Cosi fan tutte, as well as Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail , and The Magic Flute , landmarks in the German tradition. The first third of the 19th century saw the high point of the bel canto style, with Gioachino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti and Vincenzo Bellini all creating signature works of that style. It also saw the advent of grand opera typified by the works of Daniel Auber and Giacomo Meyerbeer as well as Carl Maria von Weber's introduction of German Romantische Oper . The mid-to-late 19th century was a golden age of opera, led and dominated by Giuseppe Verdi in Italy and Richard Wagner in Germany. The popularity of opera continued through the verismo era in Italy and contemporary French opera through to Giacomo Puccini and Richard Strauss in the early 20th century. During the 19th century, parallel operatic traditions emerged in central and eastern Europe, particularly in Russia and Bohemia. The 20th century saw many experiments with modern styles, such as atonality and serialism , neoclassicism , and minimalism . With the rise of recording technology, singers such as Enrico Caruso and Maria Callas became known to much wider audiences that went beyond the circle of opera fans. Since the invention of radio and television, operas were also performed on these media. Beginning in 2006, a number of major opera houses began to present live high-definition video transmissions of their performances in cinemas all over the world. Since 2009, complete performances can be downloaded and are live streamed. Mashhad is the second-most-populous city in Iran, located in the relatively remote north-east of the country about 900 kilometres from Tehran. In the Central District of Mashhad County, it serves as the capital of Razavi Khorasan Province, the county, and the district. It has a population of about 3,400,000 , which includes the areas of Mashhad Taman and Torqabeh. The city was governed by different ethnic groups over the course of its history. Mashhad was previously a small village, which by the 9th century had been known as Sanabad, and which was located--along with Tus and other villages--on the ancient Silk Road connecting them with Merv to the east. Mashhad would eventually outgrow all its surrounding villages. It gained its current name meaning "place of martyrdom" in reference to the Imam Reza shrine, where the eighth Shia Imam, Ali al-Rida, is buried . This shrine would become an important place of pilgrimage, nowadays visited by millions each year in what is often described as "the holiest city in Iran". Mashhad later also became associated with Ferdowsi, the Persian poet and author of the Shahnameh, who was born in Tus . Mashhad enjoyed relative prosperity in the Mongol period, and continued to grow. Between 1736 and 1796, Mashhad became the capital of Afsharid Iran which was ruled by the Afsharid dynasty founded by Nader Shah, whose tomb is located in the city. In the modern era, Mashhad continued to expand and became the hometown of some of the most significant literary figures and artists of modern Iran, such as the poet Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, and the traditional Iranian singer and composer Mohammad-Reza Shajarian. On 30 October 2009 , Iran's then-President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad declared Mashhad to be "Iran's spiritual capital". Ancient Greek sources mention the passage and residence of Alexander the Great in this land, which was called "Susia" , in 330 BC. The map of Tabula Peutingeriana, which dates back to the early Roman era, names this city on the west of Merv, Alexandria, instead of Susia. Pliny the Elder, says there is a city in the middle of Parthia, near Arsace and Nisiaea, called "Alexandropolis" after its founder. Many Muslim historians, from the 10th to the 16th century AD, attribute the founding of "Sanabad" to Alexander. An eastern suburb of Milan, in its area lies the airport of Milan Linate, the lake Idroscalo, the fair center of Novegro and the famous residential area Milano Due. Europark Idroscalo Milano is a popular amusement park that has been in existence since 1965. Although it is a small town, Segrate hosts large structures such as the CILEA Interuniversity Consortium, among the most advanced supercomputing centers in Europe, and the San Raffaele Hospital. Segrate received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on 23 June 1989. Segrate is served by Segrate railway station, connected to Milan by the suburban lines S5 and S6, with a total of four trains each hour. It is also connected to the city by the bus 924, which stops at Lambrate Rail and Metro Station. Bresso is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 8 kilometres north of Milan. At the 2001 census the municipality had a population of 26,255 inhabitants and a population density of 8,027.2 persons/km2, making it the most densely populated comune in Italy outside the Province of Naples. Baranzate , formerly a frazione of the neighboring comune of Bollate, is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan, in the Italian region of Lombardy, about 8 kilometres northwest of Milan. It was created in 2004 after its previous establishment, in 2001, was declared unconstitutional. Prior to 2001, Baranzate was a frazione of the comune of Bollate. It was established as a comune in its own right in November of that year by the promulgation of a regional law. In 2003 this law was declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of Italy. The establishment of the new comune was annulled, and Barazate became once more a frazione of Bollate. In May 2004 a new regional law re-established the comune. A ruling in the Court of Justice of the European Union in 2012 involving the comune of Baranzate declared that Italian legislation on local taxation constituted on unlawful restriction of freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services, which are among the fundamental freedoms of the European Union. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:People from Ardea, Lazio <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Ardea, Lazio <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:People from Ardea, Lazio <p> category combines topics <o> Ardea <s> Category:People from Ardea, Lazio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Anzio <p> country <o> Italy <s> Anzio <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Anzio <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Anzio <p> part of <o> Province of Rome <s> Anzio <p> official language <o> Italian <s> Anzio <p> patron saint <o> Anthony of Padua <s> Anzio <p> capital <o> Anzio <s> Anzio <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Anzio <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Anzio <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Anzio <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Anzio <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brooklyn <s> Anzio <p> twinned administrative body <o> Heemstede <s> Anzio <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Anzio <s> Anzio <p> twinned administrative body <o> Paphos Municipality <s> Anzio <p> shares border with <o> Ardea <s> Anzio <p> shares border with <o> Aprilia <s> Anzio <p> seismic classification <o> 3A <s> Anzio <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Anzio <s> Anzio <p> shares border with <o> Nettuno <s> Anzio <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bad Pyrmont <s> Anzio <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Anzio <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Anzio <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Anzio <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Anzio <s> Anzio <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Argos <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Argos <s> Argos <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Argos <s> Argos <p> instance of <o> city <s> Argos <p> country <o> Greece <s> Argos <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:00 <s> Argos <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Argos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Abbeville <s> Argos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ardea <s> Argos <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Argos <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Argos-Mykines Municipality <s> Argos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mtskheta <s> Argos <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Argos <p> replaces <o> Argos <s> Argos <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Peloponnese <s> Argos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Episkopi <s> Argos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Argoncilhe <s> Argos <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Argos <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Argos <p> patron saint <o> Peter the Wonderworker <s> Argos <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Argos, Peloponnese <s> Argos <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Argos, Peloponnese <s> Argos <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Argos, Peloponnese <s> Argos <p> capital of <o> Argos-Mykines Municipality <s> Argos <p> described by source <o> Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1926–1947) <s> Argos <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Aprilia <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Aprilia <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Aprilia (comune, Italy) <s> Aprilia <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People of Aprilia <s> Aprilia <p> country <o> Italy <s> Aprilia <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Aprilia <p> shares border with <o> Latina <s> Aprilia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cingoli <s> Aprilia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buja <s> Aprilia <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Aprilia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tulcea <s> Aprilia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Montorio al Vomano <s> Aprilia <p> patron saint <o> Michael <s> Aprilia <p> shares border with <o> Anzio <s> Aprilia <p> shares border with <o> Ardea <s> Aprilia <p> shares border with <o> Cisterna di Latina <s> Aprilia <p> shares border with <o> Ariccia <s> Aprilia <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Latina <s> Aprilia <p> shares border with <o> Velletri <s> Aprilia <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Aprilia <p> shares border with <o> Nettuno <s> Aprilia <p> shares border with <o> Lanuvio <s> Aprilia <p> award received <o> medal for civil merit <s> Aprilia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ben Arous <s> Aprilia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mostardas <s> Aprilia <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sciacca <s> Rielasingen-Worblingen <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Rielasingen-Worblingen <s> Rielasingen-Worblingen <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Rielasingen-Worblingen <s> Rielasingen-Worblingen <p> country <o> Germany <s> Rielasingen-Worblingen <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Rielasingen-Worblingen <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Rielasingen-Worblingen <p> instance of <o> non-urban municipality in Germany <s> Rielasingen-Worblingen <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Konstanz <s> Rielasingen-Worblingen <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ardea <s> Rielasingen-Worblingen <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nogent-sur-Seine <s> Rielasingen-Worblingen <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lostorf <s> Rielasingen-Worblingen <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Singen (Hohentwiel) VVG <s> Rielasingen-Worblingen <p> member of <o> Zweckverband 4IT <s> Rielasingen-Worblingen <p> member of <o> Kommunale Informationsverarbeitung Baden-Franken <s> Category:Ardea, Lazio <p> category's main topic <o> Ardea <s> Category:Ardea, Lazio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Poli <p> different from <o> Poli <s> Poli <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia disambiguation page <s> Poli <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Poli <s> Poli <p> capital of <o> Poli <s> Poli <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Poli <p> country <o> Italy <s> Poli <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Poli <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Saint Eustace <p> time period <o> Roman Empire <s> Saint Eustace <p> instance of <o> human <s> Saint Eustace <p> feast day <o> September 20 <s> Saint Eustace <p> place of birth <o> Rome <s> Saint Eustace <p> place of death <o> Rome <s> Saint Eustace <p> religion or worldview <o> Christianity <s> Saint Eustace <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> Saint Eustace <p> part of <o> Fourteen Holy Helpers <s> Saint Eustace <p> cause of death <o> death by burning <s> Saint Eustace <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Saint Eustace <p> significant event <o> worship suppression <s> Saint Eustace <p> position held <o> apostle <s> Saint Eustace <p> different from <o> Eustathius of Antioch <s> Saint Eustace <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Saint Eustace <s> Saint Eustace <p> given name <o> Eustace <s> Saint Eustace <p> canonization status <o> great martyr <s> Saint Eustace <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Saint Eustace <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Saint Eustace <p> occupation <o> military officer <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> country <o> Italy <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> patron saint <o> Roch <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> shares border with <o> Castel San Pietro Romano <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> shares border with <o> Ciciliano <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> shares border with <o> Poli <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> capital <o> Capranica Prenestina <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> shares border with <o> Casape <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> shares border with <o> San Vito Romano <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> shares border with <o> Pisoniano <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> shares border with <o> Genazzano <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> shares border with <o> San Gregorio da Sassola <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> shares border with <o> Rocca di Cave <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Capranica Prenestina <s> Capranica Prenestina <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome </Graph>

<Text> :Well known for its seaside harbour setting, it is a fishing port and a departure point for ferries and hydroplanes to the Pontine Islands of Ponza, Palmarola, and Ventotene. The town bears great historical significance as the site of Operation Shingle, a crucial landing by the Allies during the Italian Campaign of World War II. The symbol of Anzio is the goddess Fortuna, in reference to her veneration in the ancient Antium, whose territory Anzio occupies a very important part; so that it retains the heritage of the ancient town in archaeological terms: the settlement of Antium, over the centuries, was certainly present in the area of modern Anzio . At the end of the sixteenth century Pope Clement VIII, who had purchased the lordship over Nettuno for the Apostolic Chamber, gave instructions to Monsignor Bartolomeo Cesi to take steps to safeguard the building heritage of Anzio. A century later, in the last decade of the seventeenth century, by will of Pope Innocent XII the port was rebuilt which gave rise to a notable economic recovery in the area, which continued throughout the eighteenth century. At the end of the 17th century Innocent XII and Clement XI restored the harbour, not on the old site of the Roman one of Nero, but to the east of it, with the opening to the east, a mistake which leads to its being frequently silted up; it has a depth of about 5 metres . The sea is encroaching slightly at Anzio, but some kilometres farther north-west the old Roman coast-line now lies slightly inland . In 1857 Pope Pius IX founded the modern municipality of Anzio, with the boundaries of Nettuno being redrawn to accommodate the new town; however, the official name of the new municipality was Porto d'Anzio until 1885. Aprilia is an Italian motorcycle manufacturer founded immediately after World War II in Noale, Italy, by Alberto Beggio. The company started as a manufacturer of bicycles and moved on to manufacture scooters and small-capacity motorcycles. In more recent times Aprilia has produced large sportbikes such as the 1,000 cc V-twin RSV Mille and the V4 RSV4. Aprilia has supported a strong motorsport competition program beginning with motocross racing and then a world championship-winning road racing program. The company was acquired by Piaggio in 2004. Aprilia, named after the pre-war Lancia Aprilia, was founded after the Second World War by Cavaliere Alberto Beggio as a bicycle production factory at Noale, Italy, in the province of Venice. Alberto's son, Ivano Beggio, took over the helm of the company in 1968 and constructed a 50 cc "motorcycle". The first production Aprilia mopeds were named Colibri, Daniela and Packi. Aprilia later produced a motocross bike in 1970 called the Scarabeo. Produced until the end of the 1970s, the Scarabeo came in 50 and 125 cc versions. In 1977, Ivan Alborghetti from Milan, Italy won the Italian 125 and 250 cc motocross championships on Aprilias. In 1978, Alborghetti closed the season with two third places in individual races and sixth place in the World Championship. In the 1980s, Aprilia added enduro, trials and road bikes of between 50 and 600 cc. In 1981, Aprilia introduced the TL320 trials machine. In 1983, Aprilia launched the St 125 road bike. In 1984, Aprilia launched an improved model called STX, and an enduro, called the ET 50. Rielasingen-Worblingen is a municipality in the district of Konstanz, in Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. It is situated on the border with Switzerland, 4 km south of Singen, and 20 km east of Schaffhausen. This town is twinned with the French town of Nogent-sur-Seine in the Aube department and the Italian city of Ardea. Saint Eustace is revered as a Christian martyr. According to legend, he was martyred in AD 118, at the command of emperor Hadrian. Eustace was a pagan Roman general, who converted to Christianity after he had a vision of the cross while hunting. He lost all his wealth, was separated from his wife and sons, and went into exile in Egypt. Called back to lead the Roman army by emperor Trajan, Eustace was happily reunited with his family and restored to high social standing, but after the death of Trajan, he and his family were martyred under Hadrian for refusing to sacrifice to pagan Roman gods. Eustace was venerated in the Byzantine Church from at least the 7th century. His veneration is attested for the Latin Church for the 8th century, but his rise to popularity in Western Europe happened in the high medieval period, during the 12th to 13th centuries. There are many versions and adaptations of his legend, in prose, in verse, and in the form of plays, in Latin, French and other languages. The saint, and scenes from his legend, were also frequently depicted in the figurative arts. The original tradition of the saint's passion is Greek, the oldest surviving version was composed at some point during the 5th to 7th centuries. Already in the Greek version, the later saint is a pagan general under Trajan, called Plakidas. The Greek text also has all of the main elements found in the medieval Western accounts. Plakidas converted after he had a vision of a cross while hunting a stag and heard a divine voice prophesying his misfortune. Plakidas was baptized and took the name Eustathios , his wife Tatiana took the baptismal name Theopiste. Their two sons were named Agapios and Theopistos. Eustathios lost his estates and his wealth, and he and his family emigrated to Egypt. They could not pay for the passage, hence the ship's captain demanded to keep Theopiste for himself. Eustathios escaped with his two sons by swimming. But later, when crossing a river, his sons were taken by wild animals. Eustathios believed them dead, but they were saved. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Casape <p> country <o> Italy <s> Casape <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Casape <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Casape <p> shares border with <o> Poli <s> Casape <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Casape <p> shares border with <o> San Gregorio da Sassola <s> Casape <p> official language <o> Italian <s> Casape <p> patron saint <o> Peter <s> Casape <p> shares border with <o> Capranica Prenestina <s> Casape <p> capital <o> Casape <s> Casape <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Casape <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Category:Deaths in Poli, Lazio <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Poli, Lazio <p> category combines topics <o> Poli <s> Category:Deaths in Poli, Lazio <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Poli, Lazio <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Poli <p> category's main topic <o> Poli <s> Category:Poli <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Labico <p> country <o> Italy <s> Labico <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Labico <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Labico <p> patron saint <o> Andrew the Apostle <s> Labico <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Labico <p> capital <o> Labico <s> Labico <p> shares border with <o> Valmontone <s> Labico <p> shares border with <o> Palestrina <s> Labico <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Labico <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Labico <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Labico <s> Rocca Priora <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Rocca Priora <p> country <o> Italy <s> Rocca Priora <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Rocca Priora <p> shares border with <o> Lariano <s> Rocca Priora <p> shares border with <o> Monte Compatri <s> Rocca Priora <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sohland an der Spree <s> Rocca Priora <p> shares border with <o> Artena <s> Rocca Priora <p> patron saint <o> Roch <s> Rocca Priora <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Rocca Priora <p> shares border with <o> Palestrina <s> Rocca Priora <p> shares border with <o> Monte Porzio Catone <s> Rocca Priora <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Rocca Priora <p> capital <o> Rocca Priora <s> Rocca Priora <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Rocca Priora <p> shares border with <o> Rocca di Papa <s> Rocca Priora <p> shares border with <o> San Cesareo <s> Rocca di Cave <p> country <o> Italy <s> Rocca di Cave <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Rocca di Cave <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Rocca di Cave <p> capital <o> Rocca di Cave <s> Rocca di Cave <p> patron saint <o> Saint Giles <s> Rocca di Cave <p> shares border with <o> Cave <s> Rocca di Cave <p> shares border with <o> Capranica Prenestina <s> Rocca di Cave <p> shares border with <o> Genazzano <s> Rocca di Cave <p> shares border with <o> Castel San Pietro Romano <s> Rocca di Cave <p> shares border with <o> Palestrina <s> Rocca di Cave <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Rocca di Cave <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Rocca di Cave <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Praeneste <p> instance of <o> archaeological site <s> Praeneste <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Praeneste <p> replaced by <o> Palestrina <s> Cave <p> country <o> Italy <s> Cave <p> different from <o> Cave <s> Cave <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Cave <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Cave <p> shares border with <o> Palestrina <s> Cave <p> shares border with <o> Genazzano <s> Cave <p> capital <o> Cave <s> Cave <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Cave <p> shares border with <o> Rocca di Cave <s> Cave <p> shares border with <o> Valmontone <s> Cave <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Cave <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Cave (Italy) <s> Cave <p> twinned administrative body <o> Le Cateau-Cambrésis <s> Cave <p> shares border with <o> Castel San Pietro Romano <s> Cave <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Artena <p> country <o> Italy <s> Artena <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Artena <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Artena <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Artena <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Artena <p> official language <o> Italian <s> Artena <p> capital <o> Artena <s> Artena <p> shares border with <o> Cori <s> Artena <p> shares border with <o> Cisterna di Latina <s> Artena <p> shares border with <o> Palestrina <s> Artena <p> patron saint <o> Mary Magdalene <s> Artena <p> shares border with <o> Lariano <s> Artena <p> shares border with <o> Colleferro <s> Artena <p> shares border with <o> Velletri <s> Artena <p> shares border with <o> Rocca Massima <s> Artena <p> shares border with <o> Rocca Priora <s> Artena <p> shares border with <o> Rocca di Papa <s> Artena <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Artena <p> shares border with <o> Valmontone <s> Artena <p> shares border with <o> Segni <s> Artena <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Artena <p> twinned administrative body <o> Alcalá del Río <s> Valmontone <p> seismic classification <o> 2B <s> Valmontone <p> country <o> Italy <s> Valmontone <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Valmontone <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Valmontone <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ovindoli <s> Valmontone <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fagnano Alto <s> Valmontone <p> shares border with <o> Genazzano <s> Valmontone <p> capital <o> Valmontone <s> Valmontone <p> shares border with <o> Artena <s> Valmontone <p> shares border with <o> Colleferro <s> Valmontone <p> shares border with <o> Cave <s> Valmontone <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tursi <s> Valmontone <p> shares border with <o> Labico <s> Valmontone <p> shares border with <o> Palestrina <s> Valmontone <p> twinned administrative body <o> Weiler-Simmerberg <s> Valmontone <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Valmontone <s> Valmontone <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Valmontone <p> patron saint <o> Aloysius Gonzaga <s> Valmontone <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Valmontone <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benifaió <s> Valmontone <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Valmontone </Graph>

<Text> :Known as Lugnano until 1872, it takes its current name from the ancient Labicum, although it is more likely that the modern town was the location of Bolae, the city that fought Rome around the 5th century BC. Rocca Priora is a small town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, Italy. It is one of the Castelli Romani on the Alban Hills about 25 kilometres southeast of Rome, situated in the Regional Park known as the "Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani". After the destruction of Tusculum in 1191, the population increased. In the 14th century the Savelli family rose to prominence in the area, after Pope Sixtus V endorsed Rocca Priora as a feudal possession for them. They held the town and its castle until the 17th century, apart from two short periods in 1436-47 and in the early 16th century, when it went to Cesare Borgia. According to some sources, the town was destroyed by Renzo da Ceri's troops during the conflict between Pope Clement VII and the Colonna, and by the imperial troops in the wake of the Sack of Rome . Palestrina is a modern Italian city and comune with a population of about 22,000, in Lazio, about 35 kilometres east of Rome. It is connected to the latter by the Via Prenestina. It is built upon the ruins of the ancient city of Praeneste. Ancient mythology connected the origin of Praeneste to Ulysses, or to other fabled characters such as Caeculus, Telegonus, Erulus or Praenestus. The name probably derives from the word Praenesteus, referring to its overlooking location. Early burials show that the site was already occupied in the 8th or 7th century BC. The ancient necropolis lies on a plateau at the foot of the hill below the ancient town. Of the objects found in the oldest graves, and supposed to date from about the 7th century BC, the cups of silver and silver-gilt and most of the gold and amber jewelry are Phoenician , but the bronzes and some of the ivory articles seem to be of the Etruscan civilization. Praeneste was probably under the hegemony of Alba Longa while that city was the head of the Latin League. It withdrew from the league in 499 BC, according to Livy , and formed an alliance with Rome. After Rome was weakened by the Gauls of Brennus , Praeneste switched allegiances and fought against Rome in the long struggles that culminated in the Latin War. From 373 to 370, it was in continual war against Rome or her allies, and was defeated by Cincinnatus. A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word cave can refer to smaller openings such as sea caves, rock shelters, and grottos, that extend a relatively short distance into the rock and they are called exogene caves. Caves which extend further underground than the opening is wide are called endogene caves. The formation and development of caves is known as speleogenesis; it can occur over the course of millions of years. Caves can range widely in size, and are formed by various geological processes. These may involve a combination of chemical processes, erosion by water, tectonic forces, microorganisms, pressure, and atmospheric influences. Isotopic dating techniques can be applied to cave sediments, to determine the timescale of the geological events which formed and shaped present-day caves. It is estimated that a cave cannot be more than 3,000 metres vertically beneath the surface due to the pressure of overlying rocks. This does not, however, impose a maximum depth for a cave which is measured from its highest entrance to its lowest point, as the amount of rock above the lowest point is dependent on the topography of the landscape above it. For karst caves the maximum depth is determined on the basis of the lower limit of karst forming processes, coinciding with the base of the soluble carbonate rocks. Most caves are formed in limestone by dissolution. Caves can be classified in various other ways as well, including a contrast between active and relict: active caves have water flowing through them; relict caves do not, though water may be retained in them. Types of active caves include inflow caves , outflow caves , and through caves . Artena is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Italy. It is situated in the northwest of Monti Lepini, in the upper valley of the Sacco River. It is approximately 40 kilometres southeast by rail, and 30 kilometres direct from Rome. The modern village was called Monte Fortino until 1873. It owes its present name to an unproven identification of the site with the ancient Volscian Artena, destroyed in 404 BC. Another Artena, which was an Etruscan town belonging to the district of Caere, and laying between it and Veii, was destroyed in the period of the kings, and its site is unknown. In the Middle Ages Artena was a fief of the Counts of Tusculum and then the Counts of Segni, who held its castle until 1475 when, after the request of Charles VIII of France, it was assigned to the Colonna. Due to the latter's anti-papal stance, Artena was ravaged several times by papal armies . On the mountain 600 metres above the village are the fine remains of the fortifications of a city built in the 6th or 5th century BC, in cyclopean blocks of local limestone. Within the walls are traces of buildings, and a massive terrace which supported some edifice of importance. This terraced settlement later was the site of a Roman villa. The historic part of the town is situated on a tuffaceous hill, 303 metres above sea level, part of a morphological system of valleys and low relieves, known as Alta Valle del Sacco . There are many natural springs due to the high water levels underground. Because of this the landscape is covered by forest and farmland. The origins of Valmontone are uncertain: it seems that a village was founded before the rise of Rome on a hill in the modern municipality of the town, and its ruins were visible until the 18th century. Perhaps these are the remains of the ancient Labicum, which, according to the myth, was founded by Glaucus, Minos' son: the name of the village derives from a kind of Greek shield. Labicum was in war against Rome, but at last it was defeated and became a Roman castrum, a fortified castle: other testimonies of the Roman period are the post-station Ad Bivium, situated along the road called Via Latina, a village of coal-makers, some furnaces for tiles and vases, a villa and some other remains . Later on, the castle was rebuilt on the actual site in the Late Roman Empire. The presence of a Castrum Lateranense goes back to the 1052, while the name of Vallis Montonis appears the first time in a document dated 1139. Valmontone became a fief under the Conti family until the 16th century, when, in 1548, the fief passed under the Sforza then, in 1632 and for a few years, under the Barberini, until Camillo Pamphili bought Valmontone . The Pamphili family became Doria-Pamphili-Landi in the 18th century. In 1843 Valmontone assumed the rank of "city" by decision of Pope Gregory XVI. On 22 January 1944, during the Italian Campaign of the Second World War, the Allies commenced Operation Shingle, an amphibious landing at Anzio in an attempt to outflank the formidable German defensive positions known as the Winter Line and push toward Rome: Valmontone was an important objective on the way to Rome, in according to Operation Buffalo, May-June 1944. The Allies thought the German forces were garrisoning the city, so they bombed Valmontone with their air forces, nearly destroying it completely: Valmontone lost 80 percent of its ancient buildings, like the fortified gates, the monastery on Colle Sant'Angelo, fountains, churches. With the post-war reconstruction the town lost its medieval and baroque appeal, of which only a few sights survive. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Palestrina <p> country <o> Italy <s> Palestrina <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Palestrina <s> Palestrina <p> capital of <o> Palestrina <s> Palestrina <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Palestrina <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Palestrina <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Füssen <p> country <o> Germany <s> Füssen <p> instance of <o> town <s> Füssen <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cremona <s> Füssen <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Lech <s> Füssen <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Füssen <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Füssen <p> part of <o> Stimmkreis Marktoberdorf <s> Füssen <p> archives at <o> Stadtarchiv Füssen <s> Füssen <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Allgäu <s> Füssen <p> member of <o> Bayerischer Städtetag <s> Füssen <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Füssen <s> Füssen <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Füssen <p> grants <o> Füssener Förderpreis für junge Kunst <s> Füssen <p> grants <o> Kultur- und Kunstpreis der Stadt Füssen <s> Füssen <p> grants <o> Füssener Preis für aktuelle Kunst <s> Füssen <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Füssen <p> head of government <o> Maximilian Eichstetter <s> Füssen <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Füssen <s> Füssen <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Füssen <s> Füssen <p> list of monuments <o> List of architectural heritage monuments in Füssen <s> Füssen <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Füssen <s> Füssen <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ostallgäu <s> Füssen <p> instance of <o> urban municipality in Germany <s> Füssen <p> instance of <o> Kneippkurort <s> Füssen <p> twinned administrative body <o> Palestrina <s> Bièvres <p> different from <o> Bièvres <s> Bièvres <p> different from <o> Bièvres <s> Bièvres <p> country <o> France <s> Bièvres <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Bièvres <p> located in statistical territorial entity <o> Paris unité urbaine <s> Bièvres <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Bièvres (Essonne) <s> Bièvres <p> associated electoral district <o> canton of Gif-sur-Yvette <s> Bièvres <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Essonne <s> Bièvres <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Bièvres <p> shares border with <o> Clamart <s> Bièvres <p> shares border with <o> Saclay <s> Bièvres <p> twinned administrative body <o> Palestrina <s> Bièvres <p> shares border with <o> Châtenay-Malabry <s> Bièvres <p> shares border with <o> Jouy-en-Josas <s> Bièvres <p> shares border with <o> Vélizy-Villacoublay <s> Bièvres <p> instance of <o> commune of France <s> Bièvres <p> shares border with <o> Vauhallan <s> Bièvres <p> shares border with <o> Verrières-le-Buisson <s> Bièvres <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> arrondissement of Palaiseau <s> Bièvres <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Seine-et-Oise <s> Bièvres <p> shares border with <o> Igny <s> Bièvres <p> head of government <o> Anne Pelletier-Le-Barbier <s> Bièvres <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Bièvres <s> Bièvres <p> capital of <o> canton of Bièvres <s> Bièvres <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Bièvres <s> Agapitus of Palestrina <p> instance of <o> human <s> Agapitus of Palestrina <p> feast day <o> August 18 <s> Agapitus of Palestrina <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> Agapitus of Palestrina <p> place of death <o> Palestrina <s> Agapitus of Palestrina <p> cause of death <o> decapitation <s> Agapitus of Palestrina <p> gens <o> Anicia gens <s> Agapitus of Palestrina <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Agapitus of Palestrina <p> described by source <o> Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia <s> Agapitus of Palestrina <p> subject has role <o> martyr <s> Agapitus of Palestrina <p> Roman nomen gentilicium <o> Anicius <s> Agapitus of Palestrina <p> place of birth <o> Latium <s> Agapitus of Palestrina <p> time period <o> Low Roman Empire <s> Agapitus of Palestrina <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Category:Deaths in Palestrina <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Palestrina <p> category combines topics <o> Palestrina <s> Category:Deaths in Palestrina <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Palestrina <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Palestrina <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Palestrina <p> category's main topic <o> Palestrina <s> Category:People from Palestrina <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Palestrina <p> category combines topics <o> Palestrina <s> Category:People from Palestrina <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Palestrina <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:Views of Palestrina <p> category combines topics <o> view <s> Category:Views of Palestrina <p> category combines topics <o> Palestrina <s> Category:Views of Palestrina <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Castel Gandolfo <p> country <o> Italy <s> Castel Gandolfo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Castel Gandolfo <s> Castel Gandolfo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Castel Gandolfo <p> capital of <o> Castel Gandolfo <s> Castel Gandolfo <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Castel Gandolfo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> The most beautiful villages in Italy <p> country <o> Italy <s> The most beautiful villages in Italy <p> headquarters location <o> Rome <s> The most beautiful villages in Italy <p> part of <o> The Most Beautiful Villages of the World <s> The most beautiful villages in Italy <p> topic's main category <o> Category:The most beautiful villages in Italy <s> The most beautiful villages in Italy <p> instance of <o> association </Graph>

<Text> :Palestrina is a modern Italian city and comune with a population of about 22,000, in Lazio, about 35 kilometres east of Rome. It is connected to the latter by the Via Prenestina. It is built upon the ruins of the ancient city of Praeneste. Ancient mythology connected the origin of Praeneste to Ulysses, or to other fabled characters such as Caeculus, Telegonus, Erulus or Praenestus. The name probably derives from the word Praenesteus, referring to its overlooking location. Early burials show that the site was already occupied in the 8th or 7th century BC. The ancient necropolis lies on a plateau at the foot of the hill below the ancient town. Of the objects found in the oldest graves, and supposed to date from about the 7th century BC, the cups of silver and silver-gilt and most of the gold and amber jewelry are Phoenician , but the bronzes and some of the ivory articles seem to be of the Etruscan civilization. Praeneste was probably under the hegemony of Alba Longa while that city was the head of the Latin League. It withdrew from the league in 499 BC, according to Livy , and formed an alliance with Rome. After Rome was weakened by the Gauls of Brennus , Praeneste switched allegiances and fought against Rome in the long struggles that culminated in the Latin War. From 373 to 370, it was in continual war against Rome or her allies, and was defeated by Cincinnatus. Fussen is a town in Bavaria, Germany, in the district of Ostallgau, situated one kilometre from the Austrian border. The town is known for violin manufacturing and as the closest transportation hub for the Neuschwanstein and Hohenschwangau castles. As of 2022-12-31, the town has a population of 15,985. Fussen was settled in Roman times, on the Via Claudia Augusta, a road that leads southwards to northern Italy and northwards to Augusta Vindelicum , the former regional capital of the Roman province Raetia. The original name of Fussen was "Foetes", or "Foetibus" , which derives from Latin "Fauces", meaning "gorge", probably referring to the Lech gorge. In Late Antiquity Fussen was the home of a part of the Legio III Italica, which was stationed there to guard the important trade route over the Alps. Fussen later became the site of the "Hohes Schloss" , the former summer residence of the prince-bishops of Augsburg. Below the Hohes Schloss is the Baroque complex of the former Benedictine monastery of St. Mang, whose history goes back to the 9th century. Fussen has Saint Mang as its patron saint. He and his Benedictine brother Theodor were two monks from the Abbey of Saint Gall and are considered to be its founders, in addition to the Monastery of Kempten. Magnus' original burial place was in the small chapel he built. His bones were transferred to the crypt of the church built in 850. Around the year 950 all his bones disappeared. Fussen is located on the banks of the Lech River, which flows into the Forggensee. The Forggensee is a man-made lake which was built to prevent flooding. It is the catchment area for all the melting snow in the spring, and is drained after the middle of October. According to his legend, 16-year-old Agapitus, who may have been a member of the noble Anicia family of Palestrina, was condemned to death, under the prefect Antiochus and the Emperor Aurelian, for being a Christian. After being captured and tortured during the persecution of Aurelian, he was taken to the local arena in Palestrina and thrown to the wild beasts. However, the animals refused to touch him and he was thus beheaded. Agapitus is mentioned in the ancient martyrologies, including the Martyrologium Hieronymianum of Jerome, the Fulda Martyrology. Based on doubts regarding the details of his martyrdom, some of which were related in earlier editions of the Roman Martyrology, editions from the end of the 20th century onward give only: "In Palestrina, Lazio, Saint Agapitus, martyr." Around the 5th century, Pope Felix III built a basilica in his honour on the supposed site of his martyrdom. His relics were kept in the basilica, and a cemetery grew around it. At some uncertain date, his relics were transferred to the present cathedral of Palestrina. Some of them were transferred to Besancon. and other places in Europe. Agapitus is honoured in the Tridentine calendar by a commemoration added to the Mass and canonical hours in the liturgy of the day within the Octave of the Assumption. Pope Pius XII abolished all octaves apart from those of Christmas, Easter, and Pentecost, including that of the Assumption. Accordingly, in the General Roman Calendar of 1960 the celebration of Saint Agapitus appears as a commemoration in the ordinary weekday Mass. Castel Gandolfo , colloquially known as Castello in the Castelli Romani dialects, is a town located 25 km southeast of Rome, in the Italian region of Lazio. Situated on a hilltop in the Alban Hills with panoramic views of Lake Albano, Castel Gandolfo is home to approximately 8,900 residents and is renowned as one of Italy's most scenic towns. It is one of I Borghi piu belli d'Italia . Within the town's boundaries lies the Apostolic Palace of Castel Gandolfo, which served as a summer residence and vacation retreat for the pope, the leader of the Catholic Church. Although the palace is located within the borders of Castel Gandolfo, it holds extraterritorial status as one of the properties of the Holy See and is not under Italian jurisdiction. It has been transformed into a museum and is now open to the public. The resort community encompasses almost the entire coastline of Lake Albano, which is surrounded by numerous summer residences, villas, and cottages that were constructed during the 17th century. It is also home to the Stadio Olimpico, which hosted the rowing events during the Rome Olympics. Castel Gandolfo has several places of archaeological interest, including the Emissario del Lago Albano and the remains of the Villa of Domitian. The area is included within the boundaries of the Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani . There are also many points of artistic interest, such as the Collegiate Church of St. Thomas of Villanova, designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. I Borghi piu belli d'Italia is a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest, that was founded in March 2001 on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities, with the aim of preserving and maintaining villages of quality heritage. Its motto is Il fascino dell'Italia nascosta . Founded to contribute to safeguarding, conserving and revitalizing small villages and municipalities, but sometimes even individual hamlets, which, being outside the main tourist circuits, they risk, despite their great value, being forgotten with consequent degradation, depopulation and abandonment. Initially the group included about a hundred villages, which subsequently grew up to 361 in 2023. In 2012, the Italian association was one of the founding members of the international association The Most Beautiful Villages in the World, a private organization that brings together various territorial associations promoting small inhabited centres of particular historical and landscape interest. The criteria for admission to the association meet the following requirements: integrity of the urban fabric, architectural harmony, livability of the village, artistic-historical quality of the public and private building heritage, services to the citizen as well as the payment of an annual membership fee. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Saint Sebastian <p> instance of <o> human <s> Saint Sebastian <p> feast day <o> January 20 <s> Saint Sebastian <p> place of death <o> Rome <s> Saint Sebastian <p> place of birth <o> Narbonne <s> Saint Sebastian <p> religion or worldview <o> Catholic Church <s> Saint Sebastian <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Saint Sebastian <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> Saint Sebastian <p> place of burial <o> San Sebastiano fuori le mura <s> Saint Sebastian <p> country of citizenship <o> Ancient Rome <s> Saint Sebastian <p> military rank <o> Military tribune <s> Saint Sebastian <p> manner of death <o> Diocletianic Persecution <s> Saint Sebastian <p> time period <o> Roman Empire <s> Saint Sebastian <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Saint Sebastian <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Saint Sebastian <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Saint Sebastian <p> position held <o> Ancient Roman senator <s> Saint Sebastian <p> given name <o> Sebastian <s> Saint Sebastian <p> cause of death <o> flagellation <s> Saint Sebastian <p> described by source <o> Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Saint Sebastian <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Saint Sebastian <p> described by source <o> Metropolitan Museum of Art Tagging Vocabulary <s> Saint Sebastian <p> occupation <o> soldier <s> Saint Sebastian <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Saint Sebastian <s> Saint Sebastian <p> military branch <o> Roman army <s> Saint Sebastian <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Category:Castel Gandolfo <p> category's main topic <o> Castel Gandolfo <s> Category:Castel Gandolfo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Castel Gandolfo <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Castel Gandolfo <p> category combines topics <o> Castel Gandolfo <s> Category:Deaths in Castel Gandolfo <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Castel Gandolfo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Castel Gandolfo <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Castel Gandolfo <p> category combines topics <o> Castel Gandolfo <s> Category:People from Castel Gandolfo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Castel Gandolfo <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Curepipe <p> country <o> Mauritius <s> Curepipe <p> instance of <o> human settlement <s> Curepipe <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Plaines Wilhems District <s> Curepipe <p> instance of <o> first-level administrative division <s> Curepipe <p> instance of <o> administrative territorial entity of Mauritius <s> Curepipe <p> twinned administrative body <o> Castel Gandolfo <s> Curepipe <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia duplicated page <s> Curepipe <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Curepipe <s> Category:Maps of Castel Gandolfo <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Maps of Castel Gandolfo <p> category combines topics <o> Castel Gandolfo <s> Category:Maps of Castel Gandolfo <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> country <o> France <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Rhône <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Vaucluse <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> shares border with <o> Orange <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Châteauneuf-du-Pape <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> shares border with <o> Roquemaure <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> shares border with <o> Courthézon <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Châteauneuf-du-Pape <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> associated electoral district <o> canton of Sorgues <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> twinned administrative body <o> Castel Gandolfo <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> twinned administrative body <o> Auggen <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Communauté de communes du Pays Réuni d'Orange <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> arrondissement of Carpentras <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> shares border with <o> Bédarrides <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> instance of <o> commune of France <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> shares border with <o> Sorgues <s> Châteauneuf-du-Pape <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Châteauneuf-du-Pape <s> Campagnano di Roma <p> country <o> Italy <s> Campagnano di Roma <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Campagnano di Roma <s> Campagnano di Roma <p> capital of <o> Campagnano di Roma <s> Campagnano di Roma <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Campagnano di Roma <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Campagnano di Roma <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Category:Campagnano di Roma <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Campagnano di Roma <p> category's main topic <o> Campagnano di Roma <s> Nepi <p> country <o> Italy <s> Nepi <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Nepi <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Nepi <p> shares border with <o> Carbognano <s> Nepi <p> shares border with <o> Caprarola <s> Nepi <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Viterbo <s> Nepi <p> public holiday <o> patronal festival <s> Nepi <p> shares border with <o> Monterosi <s> Nepi <p> shares border with <o> Ronciglione <s> Nepi <p> shares border with <o> Fabrica di Roma <s> Nepi <p> shares border with <o> Castel Sant'Elia <s> Nepi <p> shares border with <o> Sutri <s> Nepi <p> shares border with <o> Trevignano Romano <s> Nepi <p> capital <o> Nepi <s> Nepi <p> shares border with <o> Campagnano di Roma <s> Nepi <p> shares border with <o> Mazzano Romano <s> Nepi <p> seismic classification <o> 3A-3B <s> Nepi <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Nepi <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Nepi <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Nepi <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Nepi <s> Nepi <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Nepi </Graph>

<Text> :Sebastian was an early Christian saint and martyr. According to traditional belief, he was killed during the Diocletianic Persecution of Christians. He was initially tied to a post or tree and shot with arrows, though this did not kill him. He was, according to tradition, rescued and healed by Irene of Rome, which became a popular subject in 17th-century painting. In all versions of the story, shortly after his recovery he went to Diocletian to warn him about his sins, and as a result was clubbed to death. He is venerated in the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church. The oldest record of the details of Sebastian's martyrdom is found in the Chronograph of 354, which mentions him as a martyr, venerated on January 20. He is also mentioned in a sermon on Psalm 118 by 4th-century bishop Ambrose of Milan: in his sermon, Ambrose stated that Sebastian came from Milan and that he was already venerated there at that time. The full account of his martyrdom comes from the Passio Sancti Sebastiani, a 5th-century text written by an anonymous author, possibly Arnobius the Younger. Sebastian is a popular male saint, especially today among athletes. In medieval times, he was regarded as a saint with a special ability to intercede to protect from plague, and devotion to him greatly increased when plague was active. There is not much known about Saint Sebastian's early life, but the ancient source mentioning Sebastian is found in the Chronograph of 354, a compilation of chronological and calendrical texts produced in 354 AD by the calligrapher and illustrator Furius Dionysius Filocalus, which mentions him as a martyr who was venerated on January 20. His cult is also mentioned by Ambrose of Milan in his Expositio in Psalmum CXVIII, a theological and exegetical commentary of Psalm 118 dated to 386-390 AD; Ambrose states that Sebastian came from Milan and that he was venerated as a saint there. Curepipe also known as La Ville-Lumiere , is a town in Mauritius, located mainly in the Plaines Wilhems District. Its eastern part lies in the Moka District. The town is administered by the Municipal Council of Curepipe. Curepipe lies at a higher elevation, often referred to as the "Central Plateau". According to the census made by Statistics Mauritius in 2018, the population of the town was at 78,618. The town's name, Curepipe, is said to be originated from the French curer sa pipe, which translates to "cleaning his/her pipe". There are several theories by historians as to the naming of the city. Some historians believe that the name was given as travellers and soldiers from the 19th century often travelled from Port Louis and Grand Port to refill their pipes in Curepipe. Other historians believe that the name was given after a late landowner during the 18th century. The town officially covers an area of 23.8 square kilometres . It is located in the Plaine Wilhems district on the central plateau of Mauritius at an altitude of 561 meters. Of the larger towns of the island's central plateau, Curepipe is the most southern and also the highest. As a consequence of its height, Curepipe is known for its relatively cooler and rainier climate. The dormant volcano Trou aux Cerfs is nearby. Curepipe is managed by a council, which is democratically elected by its citizens. The council is headed by the Mayor and is principally responsible for local policy making. The current Mayor is Mr. Hans Berty Margueritte. The town's administration on the other hand is responsible for the implementation of these policies as well as the day-to-day management of the council's activities. The current administrative head is Mrs Jugroop Chateauneuf-du-Pape is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region in Southeastern France. The village lies about 3 kilometres to the east of the Rhone and 12 kilometres north of the town of Avignon. A ruined medieval castle sits above the village and dominates the landscape to the south. It was built in the 14th century for Pope John XXII, the second of the popes to reside in Avignon. None of the subsequent Avignon popes stayed in Chateauneuf but after the schism of 1378 the antipope Clement VII sought the security of the castle. With the departure of the popes the castle passed to the archbishop of Avignon, but it was too large and too expensive to maintain and was used as a source of stone for building work in the village. At the time of the Revolution the buildings were sold off and only the donjon was preserved. During the Second World War an attempt was made to demolish the donjon with dynamite by German soldiers but only the northern half was destroyed; the southern half remained intact. Almost all the cultivable land is planted with grapevines. The commune is famous for the production of red wine classified as Chateauneuf-du-Pape Appellation d'origine controlee which is produced from grapes grown in the commune of Chateauneuf-du-Pape and in portions of four adjoining communes. The first mention of the village is in a Latin document from 1094 that uses the name Castro Novo. The term castrum or castro in the 11th century was used to denote a fortified village, rather than a castle . The current French name of "Chateauneuf" is derived from this early Latin name and not from the ruined 14th-century castle that towers above the village. Just over a century later in 1213 the village was referred to as Castronovum Calcernarium. Other early documents use Castronovo Caussornerio or Castrum Novum Casanerii. The official French name became Chateauneuf Calcernier. The word 'Calcernier' comes from the presence of important lime kilns in the village. Calcernarium is derived from the Latin calx for lime and cernere means sift or sieve. From the 16th century the village was often referred to as "Chateauneuf du Pape" or "Chateauneuf Calcernier dit de Pape", because of the connection with Pope John XXII, but it was not until 1893 that the official name was changed from "Chateauneuf Calcernier" to "Chateauneuf-du-Pape". The name in the Provencal dialect of the Occitan language that was spoken in the village is Casteu-Nou-De-Papo. Campagnano di Roma is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Latium, located about 30 kilometres northwest of Rome. It was first mentioned in 1076, having been carved out of the great estate assembled on the Roman pattern by Pope Adrian I, ca. 780, his Domusculta Capracorum. In medieval times, Campagnano di Roma was on the via Francigena. Here, Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury, sojourned on his return journey from Rome about 990. Nepi is a town and comune in the province of Viterbo, Lazio, central Italy. The town lies 30 kilometres southeast of the city of Viterbo and about 13 kilometres southwest from Civita Castellana. The region was already occupied in the 8th century BC; neighbouring Pizzo had been occupied in the Bronze Age. Nepet became Roman before 386 BC, when Livy speaks of it and Sutrium as the keys of Etruria. In that year it was surrendered to the Etruscans and recovered by the Romans, who beheaded the authors of its surrender. It became a colony in 383 BC. It was among the twelve Latin colonies that refused further help to Rome in 209 BC. After the Social War it became a municipium. It is hardly mentioned in Imperial times, except as a station on the road which diverged from the Via Cassia near the modern Settevene and ran to Amelia and Todi. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Magliano Romano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Magliano Romano <p> capital <o> Magliano Romano <s> Magliano Romano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Magliano Romano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Magliano Romano <p> seismic classification <o> 3A <s> Magliano Romano <p> shares border with <o> Morlupo <s> Magliano Romano <p> shares border with <o> Rignano Flaminio <s> Magliano Romano <p> shares border with <o> Mazzano Romano <s> Magliano Romano <p> shares border with <o> Castelnuovo di Porto <s> Magliano Romano <p> shares border with <o> Sacrofano <s> Magliano Romano <p> patron saint <o> John the Baptist <s> Magliano Romano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Magliano Romano <p> shares border with <o> Calcata <s> Magliano Romano <p> shares border with <o> Campagnano di Roma <s> Magliano Romano <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Mazzano Romano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Mazzano Romano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Mazzano Romano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Mazzano Romano <p> shares border with <o> Faleria <s> Mazzano Romano <p> shares border with <o> Castel Sant'Elia <s> Mazzano Romano <p> capital <o> Mazzano Romano <s> Mazzano Romano <p> shares border with <o> Calcata <s> Mazzano Romano <p> shares border with <o> Nepi <s> Mazzano Romano <p> patron saint <o> Saint Nicholas <s> Mazzano Romano <p> shares border with <o> Campagnano di Roma <s> Mazzano Romano <p> shares border with <o> Magliano Romano <s> Mazzano Romano <p> seismic classification <o> 3A <s> Mazzano Romano <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Mazzano Romano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Mazzano Romano <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mazzano Romano <s> Africa <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Africa <s> Africa <p> has part(s) <o> West Africa <s> Africa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Africa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC±00:00 <s> Africa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+04:00 <s> Africa <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Africa <s> Africa <p> part of <o> Earth <s> Africa <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Africa <p> Wikimedia outline <o> outline of Africa <s> Africa <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> WikiProject African diaspora <s> Africa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:00 <s> Africa <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Africa <s> Africa <p> shares border with <o> Asia <s> Africa <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have <s> Africa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Africa <p> has part(s) <o> Middle East <s> Africa <p> has part(s) <o> East Africa <s> Africa <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−01:00 <s> Africa <p> different from <o> Africa <s> Africa <p> has part(s) <o> North Africa <s> Africa <p> shares border with <o> Eurasia <s> Africa <p> history of topic <o> history of Africa <s> Africa <p> instance of <o> geographic location <s> Africa <p> described by source <o> Catholic Encyclopedia <s> Africa <p> part of <o> Afro-Eurasia <s> Africa <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Africa <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Africa <p> highest point <o> Mount Kibo <s> Africa <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> Africa <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Africa <p> part of <o> Ostfeste <s> Africa <p> different from <o> Afryka, Łódź Voivodeship <s> Africa <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Africa <p> studied in <o> Africana studies <s> Africa <p> studied in <o> African studies <s> Africa <p> geography of topic <o> geography of Africa <s> Africa <p> has part(s) <o> Southern Africa <s> Africa <p> owner of <o> International Council of African Museums <s> Africa <p> instance of <o> continent <s> Africa <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Africa <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Africa <p> different from <o> Ethiopia <s> Africa <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Northern Hemisphere <s> Africa <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Africa <p> described by source <o> Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia <s> Africa <p> described by source <o> The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Thought (2010 edition) <s> Africa <p> instance of <o> geographic region <s> Africa <p> has part(s) <o> Middle Africa <s> Africa <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Southern Hemisphere <s> Africa <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Africa <s> Africa <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Africa <s> Africa <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Africa topic <s> Africa <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Countries of Africa <s> Africa <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Africa <s> Africa <p> category of associated people <o> Category:African people <s> Africa <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Africa <s> Africa <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Africa <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Africa <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Africa <s> Africa <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Africa <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> topic's main category <o> Category:City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Johannesburg <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> country <o> South Africa <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> capital <o> Johannesburg <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Gauteng <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> instance of <o> metropolitan municipality <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> shares border with <o> City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> shares border with <o> City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> shares border with <o> Emfuleni Local Municipality <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> shares border with <o> Mogale City Local Municipality <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> head of government <o> Parks Tau <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> shares border with <o> Randfontein Local Municipality <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> shares border with <o> Midvaal Local Municipality <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> shares border with <o> Westonaria Local Municipality <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> shares border with <o> West Rand District Municipality <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> shares border with <o> Sedibeng District Municipality <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> legislative body <o> City of Johannesburg Municipal Council <s> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <p> executive body <o> Mayoral Committee of the City of Johannesburg <s> Ellis Park Stadium <p> country <o> South Africa <s> Ellis Park Stadium <p> sport <o> tennis <s> Ellis Park Stadium <p> sport <o> association football <s> Ellis Park Stadium <p> sport <o> rugby union <s> Ellis Park Stadium <p> location <o> Johannesburg <s> Ellis Park Stadium <p> instance of <o> rugby union venue <s> Ellis Park Stadium <p> significant event <o> 1995 Rugby World Cup <s> Ellis Park Stadium <p> significant event <o> 2010 FIFA World Cup <s> Ellis Park Stadium <p> instance of <o> association football venue <s> Ellis Park Stadium <p> owned by <o> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <s> Ellis Park Stadium <p> surface played on <o> lawn <s> Ellis Park Stadium <p> significant event <o> 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup <s> Ellis Park Stadium <p> occupant <o> Lions <s> Orlando Stadium <p> sport <o> association football <s> Orlando Stadium <p> country <o> South Africa <s> Orlando Stadium <p> owned by <o> Johannesburg <s> Orlando Stadium <p> instance of <o> association football venue <s> Orlando Stadium <p> occupant <o> Orlando Pirates F.C. <s> Orlando Stadium <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Orlando <s> Cecil Payne Stadium <p> country <o> South Africa <s> Cecil Payne Stadium <p> instance of <o> stadium <s> Cecil Payne Stadium <p> owned by <o> Johannesburg <s> Cecil Payne Stadium <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Roodepoort <s> Cecil Payne Stadium <p> location <o> Roodepoort <s> Mayor of Johannesburg <p> country <o> South Africa <s> Mayor of Johannesburg <p> subclass of <o> mayor <s> Mayor of Johannesburg <p> part of <o> Mayoral Committee of the City of Johannesburg <s> Mayor of Johannesburg <p> instance of <o> position <s> Mayor of Johannesburg <p> instance of <o> public office <s> Mayor of Johannesburg <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality <s> Ruimsig Stadium <p> country <o> South Africa <s> Ruimsig Stadium <p> owned by <o> Johannesburg <s> Ruimsig Stadium <p> instance of <o> stadium <s> Ruimsig Stadium <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Roodepoort <s> Ruimsig Stadium <p> location <o> Roodepoort <s> Rabie Ridge Stadium <p> country <o> South Africa <s> Rabie Ridge Stadium <p> owned by <o> Johannesburg <s> Rabie Ridge Stadium <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Rabie Ridge <s> Rabie Ridge Stadium <p> location <o> Rabie Ridge <s> Rabie Ridge Stadium <p> instance of <o> stadium </Graph>

<Text> :Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area. With 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Despite a wide range of natural resources, Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, ahead of Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography, climate, tribalism, colonialism, the Cold War, neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption. Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Africa an important economic market in the broader global context. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states, eight cities and islands that are part of non-African states, and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. This count does not include Malta and Sicily, which are geologically part of the African continent. Algeria is Africa's largest country by area, and Nigeria is its largest by population. African nations cooperate through the establishment of the African Union, which is headquartered in Addis Ababa. Africa straddles the equator and the prime meridian. It is the only continent to stretch from the northern temperate to the southern temperate zones. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and a number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Most of the continent lies in the tropics, except for a large part of Western Sahara, Algeria, Libya and Egypt, the northern tip of Mauritania, and the entire territories of Morocco, Ceuta, Melilla, and Tunisia which in turn are located above the tropic of Cancer, in the northern temperate zone. In the other extreme of the continent, southern Namibia, southern Botswana, great parts of South Africa, the entire territories of Lesotho and Eswatini and the southern tips of Mozambique and Madagascar are located below the tropic of Capricorn, in the southern temperate zone. Africa is highly biodiverse; it is the continent with the largest number of megafauna species, as it was least affected by the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna. However, Africa also is heavily affected by a wide range of environmental issues, including desertification, deforestation, water scarcity and pollution. These entrenched environmental concerns are expected to worsen as climate change impacts Africa. The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has identified Africa as the continent most vulnerable to climate change. The City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality is a metropolitan municipality that manages the local governance of Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa. It is divided into several branches and departments in order to expedite services for the city. Zulu is the most spoken home language at 23.4% followed by English at 20.1%. Johannesburg is a divided city: the poor mostly live in the southern suburbs or on the peripheries of the far north, and the middle- and upper class live largely in the suburbs of the central and north. As of 2012, unemployment is near 25% and most young people are out of work. Around 20% of the city lives in abject poverty in informal settlements that lack proper roads, electricity, or any other kind of direct municipal service. Following the end of the apartheid era, in April 1991 the Central Witwatersrand Metropolitan Chamber was formed as a "people-based" negotiating forum prior to holding a democratic election and the formation of a new administration for the Johannesburg area. Following the 1993 "Local Government Transition Act", the Greater Johannesburg Negotiating Forum was created, and this forum in September 1994 reached an agreement which entailed regrouping the suburbs into new municipal structures, the metropolitan local councils , and the overarching Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Council, also known as the "Transitional Metropolitan Council" for the city. The government of Johannesburg's metropolitan area evolved over a seven-year period from 1993, when no metropolitan government existed under apartheid, to the establishment in December 2000 of today's Metropolitan Municipality. An "interim phase" commenced with the 1993 Constitution. This saw the establishment at the metropolitan level of the Transitional Metropolitan Council and several urban-level councils under and neighbouring the TMC. In February 1997 the final constitution replaced the interim constitution and its transitional councils with the final system of local government which defined the current category A, B and C municipalities. Today's City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality was created accordingly as a category A municipality, giving it exclusive executive and legislative power over its area. Ellis Park Stadium is a rugby union and association football stadium in the city of Johannesburg, Gauteng Province, South Africa. It hosted the final of the 1995 Rugby World Cup, which was won by the country's national team, the Springboks. The stadium was the country's most modern when it was upgraded in 1982 to accommodate almost 60,000 people. Today, the stadium hosts both football and rugby and is also used as a venue for other large events, such as open-air concerts. It has become synonymous with rugby as the only time when rugby was not played at Ellis Park was during 1980 and 1981, when the stadium was under construction during the upgrade. The stadium was originally named after Mr J.D. Ellis, who made the area for the stadium available. A five-year ZAR 450 million naming rights deal was signed in 2008 with The Coca-Cola Company, resulting in the stadium being named Coca-Cola Park between 2008 and 2012. League, provincial, and international football games have all been played at the stadium, and it has seen such teams as Brazil, Manchester United and Arsenal play. Ellis Park Stadium is the centrepiece of a sporting sector in the south-east of Johannesburg, where it neighbours Johannesburg Stadium , Standard Bank Arena, Ellis Park Tennis Stadium, and an Olympic-class swimming pool. Cricket matches were held at the stadium in the past. Ellis Park hosted six Test matches between 1948 and 1954, but it has not been used for first-class cricket since New Wanderers Stadium opened in 1956 and is now only used for rugby and football. Orlando Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Soweto, a township in Johannesburg, in Gauteng province in South Africa. It is the home venue for Orlando Pirates Football Club, a professional soccer team that plays in the Premier Soccer League and owned by the City of Johannesburg. It is currently used mostly for football matches, as the home stadium of Orlando Pirates FC of the Premier Soccer League, and was intended to be utilized, as a training field, for teams participating in the 2010 FIFA World Cup after it was completely rebuilt and reopened on 22 November 2008. In addition to the stadium capacity of 36,761 people, there is an auditorium for 200 people, 120 hospitality suites, a gymnasium and a conference centre. The stadium was originally built for the Johannesburg Bantu Football Association and it had a seating capacity of 24,000 and cost PS37,500 to construct. It was opened by the Minister for Bantu development, MC de Wet Nel, and Ian Maltz who was then Mayor of Johannesburg on 2 May 1959. Although intended for football the stadium has been used for concerts by the Jazz musicians Molombo and by the O'Jays. Boxing matches were also staged including the 1975 victory of Elijah 'Tap Tap' Makhatini over the world welterweight and middleweight champion Emile Griffith. Cecil Payne Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in Roodepoort, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is set to be utilized as a training field for teams participating in the 2010 FIFA World Cup after being brought up to FIFA standards. The Mayor of Johannesburg is the highest elected position in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa. Since 2000, they are the chief executive of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality council. The position remained vacant from 24 April 2023, when Thapelo Amad announced his resignation after less than three months in office. On May 5, 2023, the council elected Al Jama-ah's Kabelo Gwamanda to the position. Ruimsig Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in Roodepoort, South Africa. It is used mostly for football matches and was used as a training field for teams participating in the 2010 FIFA World Cup after being renovated in 2009 and brought up to FIFA standards. Ruimsig Stadium was constructed in 1994 at a cost of R24 million as an international Athletics venue to the latest IAAF standards at the time. The track is an 8 lane full polyurethane track with duplicate facilities in both directions for all field events. Between 1995 and 2001 it hosted a number of international Athletics meetings including an IAAF Grand Prix Athletics Meeting in April 1995 as the opening event of the track . The venue forms part of a multi-sport events complex which was designed so that sporting codes that require access to open land and open water can also be staged at this venue, and the events that have taken place include Road Running, Cross County Running, Triathlon, Duathlon, Mountain Biking, Off-road Triathlon, Road Cycling and model aeroplanes. The terrain was also designed to accommodate BMX, model cars and moto cross, although the various managers have at different times not always allowed motorised sport. The annual Urban Assault Mountain Bike Race at the stadium attracts up to 2,000 participants and has been running for ten years. The facilities for the other sporting codes planned on the site have never been completed, and there are two Cricket ovals, two Football pitches, and a Hockey pitch that are grassed and in use, but the spectator seating and clubhouses planned for these facilities have never been constructed. The master plan also includes a multi-purpose indoor hall, Tennis courts, Netball courts, and multi-purpose courts, but the platforms for these facilities are used as grassed events areas for the start and finish of mountain bike races, etc. The Rabie Ridge Stadium is located in Rabie Ridge, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is used mostly for football matches and was utilized as a training field for teams participating in the 2010 FIFA World Cup after seating, change rooms, and stadium management facilities were renovated in 2010 and brought up to FIFA standards. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Rand Stadium <p> occupant <o> Kaizer Chiefs F.C. <s> Rand Stadium <p> owned by <o> Johannesburg <s> Rand Stadium <p> country <o> South Africa <s> Rand Stadium <p> instance of <o> stadium <s> Rand Stadium <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Rosettenville <s> Rand Stadium <p> location <o> Rosettenville <s> Category:People from Johannesburg <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:People from Johannesburg <p> category combines topics <o> Johannesburg <s> Category:People from Johannesburg <p> category combines topics <o> human <s> Category:People from Johannesburg <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Johannesburg <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> history of Johannesburg <p> facet of <o> Johannesburg <s> history of Johannesburg <p> instance of <o> history of a city <s> history of Johannesburg <p> topic's main category <o> Category:History of Johannesburg <s> Category:Births in Johannesburg <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Births in Johannesburg <p> opposite of <o> Category:Deaths in Johannesburg <s> Category:Births in Johannesburg <p> category combines topics <o> Johannesburg <s> Category:Births in Johannesburg <p> category combines topics <o> place of birth <s> Category:Births in Johannesburg <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Johannesburg <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Johannesburg <p> category combines topics <o> Johannesburg <s> Category:Deaths in Johannesburg <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Johannesburg <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Johannesburg <p> opposite of <o> Category:Births in Johannesburg <s> Category:Films shot in Johannesburg <p> category contains <o> film <s> Category:Films shot in Johannesburg <p> category combines topics <o> Johannesburg <s> Category:Films shot in Johannesburg <p> category combines topics <o> filming location <s> Category:Films shot in Johannesburg <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Johannesburg <p> category's main topic <o> Johannesburg <s> Category:Johannesburg <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Maps of Johannesburg <p> category combines topics <o> Johannesburg <s> Category:Maps of Johannesburg <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Category:Maps of Johannesburg <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Portal:Johannesburg <p> Wikimedia portal's main topic <o> Johannesburg <s> Portal:Johannesburg <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia portal <s> economy of Johannesburg <p> country <o> South Africa <s> economy of Johannesburg <p> subclass of <o> economy of South Africa <s> economy of Johannesburg <p> location <o> Johannesburg <s> economy of Johannesburg <p> instance of <o> regional economy <s> economy of Johannesburg <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Economy of Johannesburg </Graph>

<Text> :The Rand Stadium is a stadium in Rosettenville, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It was set to be utilized as a training field for teams participating in the 2010 FIFA World Cup after being completely rebuilt and reopened in August 2008. Despite the relatively small capacity, it is regarded as one of the best playing surfaces in the country. Rand Stadium was constructed between 1949 and 1951 at a cost of PS60,000 with a capacity of 15,000. Over time extensive renovations have been carried out, the first between 1964 and 1965 in which facilities were added and the second in 1976 that saw the installation of floodlighting. The stadium was adjudged to need serious improvements and it was decided that it would be demolished in 2006. The new Rand Stadium, managed by Stadium Management South Africa , was rebuilt as an all-seater stadium and retained its old scoreboard for heritage purposes. The original capacity at Rand Stadium was 15,000 but a 2009 revamp in preparation for the 2010 FIFA World Cup saw that capacity be extended to accommodate a maximum of 30,000 fans. The refurbishment includes a roof that covers up to 3,000 fans. Even though Rand Stadium has a new-look with an all-seater stadium, the old scoreboard has been retained for heritage. There has been a number of cup finals at the venue, including the Kaizer Chiefs versus Hellenic Champion of Champions final in 1975 and the Wits University winning the 1978 Mainstay Cup final against Kaizer Chiefs in the old National Professional Soccer League , which was preceded by the National Football League . It was home to the original incarnation of local team Highlands Park. During the 2010-11 season it was home to local PSL team Kaizer Chiefs. but infrastructure issues and low attendance rates prompted them to move to the FNB Stadium.It is currently the training venue for arch-rivals Orlando Pirates. Johannesburg is a large city in Gauteng Province of South Africa. It was established as a small village controlled by a Health Committee in 1886 with the discovery of an outcrop of a gold reef on the farm Langlaagte. The population of the city grew rapidly, becoming a municipality in 1898. In 1928 it became a city making Johannesburg the largest city in South Africa. In 2002 it joined ten other municipalities to form the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Today, it is a centre for learning and entertainment for all of South Africa. It is also the capital city of Gauteng. The region surrounding Johannesburg was originally inhabited by hunter-gatherers who used stone tools. The Magaliesberg valley north of Johannesburg was ideal for farming, and farmers settled there by the 6th century. By the 13th century, stone-walled ruins of Sotho-Tswana towns and villages are scattered around the parts of the former Transvaal in which Johannesburg is situated. Many of these sites contain the ruins of Sotho-Tswana mines and iron smelting furnaces, suggesting that the area was being exploited for its mineral wealth before the arrival of Europeans or the discovery of gold. The most prominent site within Johannesburg is Melville Koppies, which contains an iron smelting furnace. After the Great Trek European pastoralists also started settling in the Transvaal. Some of them chose to farm where Johannesburg was to rise later. Each burgher was entitled to at least one farm, measuring 1500 morgen or about 3100 acres. The first recorded discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand was made by Jan Gerrit Bantjes in June 1884, on the farm Vogelstruisfontein. Other farms to become famous later included Langlaagte, Turffontein, Doornfontein and Braamfontein. George Harrison is today credited as the man who discovered an outcrop of the Main Reef of gold on the farm Langlaagte in February 1886. On 12 May 1886 Harrison and his partner, George Walker, entered into a prospecting agreement with the owner of Langlaagte, one G.C. Oosthuizen. Two days later Colonel Ignatius Ferreira staked out his camp on Turffontein to serve as a centre for diggers. Louwrens Geldenhuys found the Main Reef on Turffontein and Henry Nourse located it on Doornfontein. On 8 September 1886 nine farms, extending from Driefontein in the east to Roodepoort in the west, were declared public diggings Carl von Brandis was appointed as the mining commissioner for the area. On 8 November 1886 a diggers' committee was elected to assist the mining commissioner in the execution of his duties. The earliest mining activities were concentrated along and adjacent to the outcrops of the main reef. Initially the diggers could perform the work themselves, using relatively little equipment. As the pits grew deeper, they needed additional labourers and machinery. Black Africans were recruited to perform the unskilled work. Machinery had to be imported from Europe and fuel had to be found to power the machinery. The discovery of coal on the far east Rand at Springs and Boksburg, as well as the construction of the Rand Steam Tram from the colliery to the gold fields and into Johannesburg facilitated the growth of the industry in its early years. Soon, too, the railway arrived from the coast: in September 1892 the Cape railway reached the Rand. Two years later the line from Lourenco Marques arrived in the Republic and a third route was opened from Durban the next year. In 1890 the MacArthur-Forrest cyanidation process successfully overcame the problems of treating the refractory ore from deeper levels. Johannesburg is the most populous city in South Africa with 4,803,262 people, and is classified as a megacity; it is one of the 100 largest urban areas in the world. It is the provincial capital and largest city of Gauteng, which is the wealthiest province in South Africa. Johannesburg is the seat of the Constitutional Court, the highest court in South Africa. Most of the major South African companies and banks have their head offices in Johannesburg. The city is located within the mineral-rich Witwatersrand hills, the epicentre of the international-scale mineral, gold and diamond trade. Johannesburg was established in 1886, following the discovery of gold, on what had been a farm. Due to the extremely large gold deposits found along the Witwatersrand, within ten years, the population had grown to over 100,000 inhabitants. A separate city from the late 1970s until 1994, Soweto is now part of the Greater Johannesburg metropolitan area. An acronym for "South-Western Townships", Soweto was organised initially as a collection of nondescript settlements on the outskirts of the city, populated mostly by African labourers working in the gold mining industry. Soweto, although eventually incorporated into Johannesburg, had been explicitly separated as a residential area for blacks only--no whites allowed--who were not permitted to live in other "white-designated" areas of Johannesburg. Another region, Lenasia, is predominantly populated by English-speaking Indo-South Africans . These areas were, in previous decades, designated as non-white areas, in accordance with the segregationist policies of the time--known as apartheid. It would go on to be one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2010 FIFA World Cup--and it hosted the final. The metropolis is an alpha global city, as listed by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. In 2019, the population of the city of Johannesburg was 5 635 127, making it the most populous city in South Africa. In the same year, the population of metro Johannesburg's urban agglomeration was put at 8 000 000. Land area of the municipal city is large in comparison with those of other major cities, resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364 per square kilometre . Controversy surrounds the origin of the name. There were quite a number of people with the name "Johannes" who were involved in the early history of the city. Among them is the principal clerk attached to the office of the surveyor-general Hendrik Dercksen, Christiaan Johannes Joubert, who was a member of the Volksraad and was the Republic's chief of mining. Another was Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger , president of the South African Republic from 1883 to 1900. Johannes Meyer, the first government official in the area is another possibility. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Lehrte <p> country <o> Germany <s> Lehrte <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Lehrte <s> Lehrte <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Lehrte <s> Lehrte <p> shares border with <o> Hanover <s> Lehrte <p> shares border with <o> Peine <s> Lehrte <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Hanover region <s> Lehrte <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Lehrte <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Lehrte <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ypres <s> Lehrte <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vanves <s> Lehrte <p> shares border with <o> Isernhagen <s> Lehrte <p> twinned administrative body <o> Johannesburg <s> Lehrte <p> shares border with <o> Sehnde <s> Lehrte <p> shares border with <o> Burgdorf <s> Lehrte <p> shares border with <o> Hohenhameln <s> Lehrte <p> twinned administrative body <o> Staßfurt <s> Lehrte <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mönsterås Municipality <s> Lehrte <p> shares border with <o> Edemissen <s> Lehrte <p> shares border with <o> Uetze <s> Lehrte <p> instance of <o> urban municipality in Germany <s> Lehrte <p> twinned administrative body <o> Trzcianka <s> Lehrte <p> member of <o> Climate Alliance <s> Lehrte <p> instance of <o> railway town <s> Lehrte <p> instance of <o> independent community <s> Lehrte <p> member of <o> Niedersächsischer Städtetag <s> Lehrte <p> archives at <o> Stadtarchiv Lehrte <s> Lehrte <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Lehrte <s> Lehrte <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Lehrte <s> Verona <p> country <o> Italy <s> Verona <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Verona <s> Verona <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Told Cities <s> Verona <p> seismic classification <o> 2 <s> Verona <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Verona <s> Verona <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Verona <p> different from <o> Province of Verona <s> Verona <p> capital of <o> Province of Verona <s> Verona <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Verona <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Verona <s> Verona <p> patron saint <o> Zeno of Verona <s> Verona <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Verona <p> heritage designation <o> World Heritage Site <s> Verona <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Verona <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> G.B. Cavalcaselle Fresco Museum <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Provianda di Santa Marta <s> Verona <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Verona <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Verona <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Verona <p> official language <o> Italian <s> Verona <p> described by source <o> Internetowa encyklopedia PWN <s> Verona <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Verona <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Verona <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Stadio Marcantonio Bentegodi <s> Verona <p> Köppen climate classification <o> humid subtropical climate <s> Verona <p> history of topic <o> history of Verona <s> Verona <p> described by source <o> Italian leaves <s> Verona <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Verona <s> Verona <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Verona <s> Verona <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Verona <s> Verona <p> instance of <o> city <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Munich <s> Verona <p> replaces <o> Roman Verona <s> Verona <p> World Heritage criteria <o> World Heritage selection criterion (iv) <s> Verona <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Verona <s> Verona <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Verona <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Detmold <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bethlehem <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Dogana di San Fermo <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Palazzo Verità Montanari <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Tower <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> San Bernardino <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monument to Cesare Lombroso <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Piazza Bra <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> San Giuseppe alla Diga <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monument to Aleardo Aleardi <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Villa Muselli Canossa <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Casa del Mutilato <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> urban squares of Verona <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monument to Umberto I <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Palazzo Pirelli <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Palazzo Da Lisca <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Palazzo Bocca Trezza <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> monumental fountain in piazza Viviani <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monument to Sanmicheli <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> piazza Santi Apostoli <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Ancient well <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Gardens in Verona <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monument to Daniele Comboni <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> San Francesco al Corso <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lecce <s> Verona <p> World Heritage criteria <o> World Heritage selection criterion (ii) <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Košice <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Batumi <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kazan <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pula <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tirana <s> Verona <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Adige <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Johannesburg <s> Verona <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Province of Verona <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hangzhou <s> Verona <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Namwon <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ningbo <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Albany <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monument to the Fallen <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monument to the Autieri <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> monument to Juliet Capuleti <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monument to Carlo Ederle <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Pillar with statue of a lamb <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monumento ai Caduti di tutte le guerre <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monument to Dall'Oca Bianca <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monument to Carlo Montanari <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monument to Paolo Veronese <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monument to Giuseppe Chiot <s> Verona <p> owner of <o> Monument to the 8th Regiment Bersaglieri <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nîmes <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Salzburg <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Korçë <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Mashhad <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> Roveré Veronese <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> San Giovanni Lupatoto <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> San Pietro in Cariano <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Prilep <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Corfu <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Corfu <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> Grezzana <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> San Martino Buon Albergo <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fresno <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ayacucho <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Jagodina <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kragujevac <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint-Josse-ten-Noode <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ra'anana <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> Sommacampagna <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> Pescantina <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> Buttapietra <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> Castel d'Azzano <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Serpukhov <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zhuji <s> Verona <p> instance of <o> urban area <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> Bussolengo <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> Tregnago <s> Verona <p> head of government <o> Damiano Tommasi <s> Verona <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nagahama <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> Negrar di Valpolicella <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> Sona <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> San Mauro di Saline <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zintan <s> Verona <p> twinned administrative body <o> Konya <s> Verona <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> Mezzane di Sotto <s> Verona <p> shares border with <o> Villafranca di Verona <s> Verona <p> instance of <o> Italian city-state <s> Verona <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Borough 3 of Verona <s> Verona <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Borough 1 of Verona <s> Verona <p> award received <o> Award for Civil Valor <s> Verona <p> legislative body <o> Verona city council <s> Ramallah <p> different from <o> Ramallah <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Paris <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Moscow <s> Ramallah <p> significant event <o> Six-Day War <s> Ramallah <p> has characteristic <o> Mediterranean climate <s> Ramallah <p> instance of <o> city <s> Ramallah <p> significant event <o> 1948 Palestine War <s> Ramallah <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ramallah <s> Ramallah <p> significant event <o> Siege of Ramallah <s> Ramallah <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Ramallah <s> Ramallah <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Ramallah <s> Ramallah <p> shares border with <o> Jerusalem <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Naples <s> Ramallah <p> capital of <o> Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Amsterdam <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bogotá <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bordeaux <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Liège <s> Ramallah <p> significant event <o> Operation Defensive Shield <s> Ramallah <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bonn <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toulouse <s> Ramallah <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:00 <s> Ramallah <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> London Borough of Hounslow <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Porto Alegre <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buenos Aires <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Sebastián <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Campo Grande <s> Ramallah <p> country <o> State of Palestine <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Città di Castello <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Aquidauana <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Épinay-sur-Seine <s> Ramallah <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Toluca <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rio de Janeiro <s> Ramallah <p> shares border with <o> Beitunia <s> Ramallah <p> shares border with <o> Al-Mazra'a al-Qibliya <s> Ramallah <p> shares border with <o> Rafat <s> Ramallah <p> shares border with <o> Abu Qash <s> Ramallah <p> shares border with <o> Surda, Ramallah <s> Ramallah <p> shares border with <o> Ein Qiniya <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Fernando de Henares <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Florida <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santana do Livramento <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Muscatine <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Trondheim <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Johannesburg <s> Ramallah <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Çankaya <s> Ramallah <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lublin <s> state capital <p> subclass of <o> capital city <s> state capital <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Provincial capitals of the Dominican Republic <s> Transvaal Province <p> country <o> South Africa <s> Transvaal Province <p> official language <o> English <s> Transvaal Province <p> official language <o> Afrikaans <s> Transvaal Province <p> capital <o> Pretoria <s> Transvaal Province <p> replaced by <o> Gauteng <s> Transvaal Province <p> replaced by <o> Mpumalanga <s> Transvaal Province <p> replaced by <o> Limpopo <s> Transvaal Province <p> replaced by <o> North West <s> Transvaal Province <p> country <o> Union of South Africa <s> Transvaal Province <p> location <o> Transvaal region <s> Transvaal Province <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 12 <s> Transvaal Province <p> currency <o> rand <s> Transvaal Province <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Transvaal Province <p> flag <o> flag of the South African Republic <s> Transvaal Province <p> instance of <o> province of South Africa <s> Transvaal Province <p> described by source <o> 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica <s> Transvaal Province <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of the Transvaal <s> Transvaal Province <p> replaces <o> Transvaal Colony <s> Cape Town <p> capital of <o> Western Cape <s> Cape Town <p> present in work <o> Civilization V <s> Cape Town <p> capital of <o> South Africa <s> Cape Town <p> country <o> South Africa <s> Cape Town <p> continent <o> Africa <s> Cape Town <p> capital of <o> Union of South Africa <s> Cape Town <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Cape Town <p> capital of <o> Cape Province <s> Cape Town <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Cape Town <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Cape Town <p> twinned administrative body <o> Aachen <s> Cape Town <p> twinned administrative body <o> San Francisco <s> Cape Town <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hangzhou <s> Cape Town <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pune <s> Cape Town <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Cape Town <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Cape Town <p> capital of <o> City of Cape Town <s> Cape Town <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Cape Town <s> Cape Town <p> capital of <o> British Cape Colony <s> Cape Town <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have <s> Cape Town <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Cape Town <s> Cape Town <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Cape Town <s> Cape Town <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Cape Town <s> Cape Town <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Cape Town <p> described by source <o> 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica <s> Cape Town <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buenos Aires <s> Cape Town <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Cape Town <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Cape Town <p> twinned administrative body <o> Johannesburg <s> Cape Town <p> twinned administrative body <o> Antwerp <s> Cape Town <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Cape Town <s> Cape Town <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Cape Town <s> Cape Town <p> instance of <o> port settlement <s> Cape Town <p> said to be the same as <o> City of Cape Town <s> Cape Town <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Cape Town <s> Cape Town <p> open data portal <o> City of Cape Town Open Data Portal <s> Cape Town <p> twinned administrative body <o> İzmir <s> Cape Town <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Cape Town <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Table Bay <s> Cape Town <p> member of <o> Creative Cities Network <s> Cape Town <p> twinned administrative body <o> Funchal <s> Cape Town <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> City of Cape Town <s> Cape Town <p> instance of <o> statistical territorial entity <s> Cape Town <p> twinned administrative body <o> Monterrey <s> Cape Town <p> named after <o> Cape of Good Hope <s> Cape Town <p> head of government <o> Geordin Hill-Lewis <s> Cape Town <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nice <s> Cape Town <p> part of <o> Western Cape <s> Cape Town <p> twinned administrative body <o> Haifa <s> flag of Johannesburg <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Johannesburg <s> flag of Johannesburg <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> flag of Johannesburg <p> instance of <o> municipal flag <s> Mpho Phalatse <p> instance of <o> human <s> Mpho Phalatse <p> occupation <o> politician <s> Mpho Phalatse <p> sex or gender <o> female <s> Mpho Phalatse <p> position held <o> Mayor of Johannesburg <s> Mpho Phalatse <p> member of political party <o> Democratic Alliance <s> Thann <p> different from <o> Thann <s> Thann <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Thann <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Thann <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Thann <p> country <o> France <s> Thann <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sigmaringen <s> Thann <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Thann <s> Thann <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Haut-Rhin <s> Thann <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Thann <s> Thann <p> shares border with <o> Vieux-Thann <s> Thann <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gubbio <s> Thann <p> shares border with <o> Leimbach <s> Thann <p> capital of <o> canton of Thann <s> Thann <p> capital of <o> arrondissement of Thann <s> Thann <p> shares border with <o> Bitschwiller-lès-Thann <s> Thann <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Thann <p> located in protected area <o> Ballons des Vosges Regional Natural Park <s> Thann <p> shares border with <o> Steinbach <s> Thann <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> canton of Thann <s> Thann <p> instance of <o> commune of France <s> Thann <p> associated electoral district <o> canton of Cernay <s> Thann <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> arrondissement of Thann <s> Thann <p> shares border with <o> Rammersmatt <s> Thann <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bafia <s> Thann <p> shares border with <o> Goldbach-Altenbach <s> Thann <p> described by source <o> Topographia Alsatiae <s> Thann <p> capital of <o> arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller <s> Thann <p> twinned administrative body <o> Johannesburg <s> Thann <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Thann <s> Thann <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Thann <s> Thann <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Thann <s> Thann <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tonneins <s> Thann <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Upper Alsace <s> Thann <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> arrondissement of Thann-Guebwiller <s> Kraków <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia disambiguation page </Graph>

<Text> :Lehrte is a town in the district of Hanover, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 17 km east of Hanover. In the 19th century Lehrte was the most important railway junction in the former Kingdom of Hanover. As of the 21st century, it has a population of 43,000. The first documented history of the area was in 1147 and shows that, what is now known as Lehrte, was a relatively small farming village. Up to the year 1352, when the church, now known as Nikolauskirche, was built; the local farming residents attended Sunday church services in the village of Steinwedel. Lehrte lay fairly dormant until 1843, when work began on the Hanover-Brunswick railway, linking Lehrte with both towns. In the following year, work began on building lines to Celle , Hildesheim and Berlin . When work on the railway line commenced, Lehrte had 755 inhabitants; 60 years later the population had increased approximately ten times. In 1898 the area of Lehrte was granted municipal rights and formally recognised as a town. Verona is a city on the River Adige in Veneto, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region, and is the largest city municipality in the region and in northeastern Italy. The metropolitan area of Verona covers an area of 1,426 km2 and has a population of 714,310 inhabitants. It is one of the main tourist destinations in Northern Italy because of its artistic heritage and several annual fairs and shows as well as the opera season in the Arena, an ancient Roman amphitheater. Between the 13th and 14th centuries, the city was ruled by the della Scala Family. Under the rule of the family, in particular of Cangrande I della Scala, the city experienced great prosperity, becoming rich and powerful and being surrounded by new walls. The della Scala era is preserved in numerous monuments around Verona. Two of William Shakespeare's plays are set in Verona: Romeo and Juliet and The Two Gentlemen of Verona. It is unknown if Shakespeare ever visited Verona or Italy, but his plays have lured many visitors to Verona and surrounding cities. Verona was also the birthplace of Isotta Nogarola, who is said to be the first major female humanist and one of the most important humanists of the Renaissance. In November 2000, the city was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO because of its urban structure and architecture. The precise details of Verona's early history remain a mystery along with the origin of its name. One theory is that it was a city of the Euganei, who were obliged to give it up to the Cenomani . With the conquest of the Valley of the Po, the Veronese territory became Roman about 300 BC. Verona became a Roman colonia in 89 BC. It was classified as a municipium in 49 BC, when its citizens were ascribed to the Roman tribe Poblilia or Publicia. Ramallah is a Palestinian city in the central West Bank or Ramallah Bank, that serves as the de facto administrative capital of the State of Palestine. It is situated on the Judaean Mountains, 10 km north of Jerusalem, at an average elevation of 872 meters above sea level, adjacent to al-Bireh. Ramallah has buildings containing masonry from the period of Herod the Great, but no complete building predates the Crusades of the 11th century. The modern city was founded during the 16th century by the Hadadeens, an Arab Christian clan descended from Ghassanids. In 1517, the city was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire, and in 1920, it became part of British Mandatory Palestine after it was captured by the United Kingdom during World War I. The 1948 Arab-Israeli War saw the entire West Bank, including Ramallah, occupied and annexed by Transjordan. Ramallah was later captured by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. Since the 1995 Oslo Accords, Ramallah has been governed by the PNA as part of Area A of the West Bank. In recent years, Ramallah has emerged as a key political, cultural, and economic center. It houses various Palestinian governmental bodies, including the Mukataa, the official residence of the President of the Palestinian National Authority, the Palestinian Legislative Council, and the headquarters of the Palestinian Security Services. It is also home to several museums and cultural centers, and has a notable nightlife scene. While historically a predominantly Christian town, Muslims constituted a majority of Ramallah's 38,998 residents by 2017, with Christians making up a significant minority. Ancient rock-cut tombs have been found near Ramallah. Located just south of the built-up area is Tell en-Nasbeh, an archeological site where biblical Mizpah in Benjamin is likely to have been located. The Province of the Transvaal , commonly referred to as the Transvaal , was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Transvaal" refers to the province's geographical location to the north of the Vaal River. Its capital was Pretoria, which was also the country's executive capital. In 1910, four British colonies united to form the Union of South Africa. The Transvaal Colony, which had been formed out of the bulk of the old South African Republic after the Second Boer War, became the Transvaal Province in the new union. Half a century later, in 1961, the union ceased to be part of the Commonwealth of Nations and became the Republic of South Africa. The PWV conurbation in the Transvaal, centred on Pretoria and Johannesburg, became South Africa's economic powerhouse, a position it still holds today as Gauteng Province. In 1994, after the fall of apartheid, the former provinces were abolished, and the Transvaal ceased to exist. The south-central portion became Gauteng, the northern portion became Limpopo and the southeastern portion became Mpumalanga. Most of the North West came from the southwestern portion of the old Transvaal, and a tiny segment of the Transvaal joined KwaZulu-Natal. Even before 1994, the Transvaal Province was subdivided into regions for a number of purposes . These divisions included Northern Transvaal , Eastern Transvaal , Western Transvaal and Southern Transvaal . Cape Town is the legislative capital of South Africa. It is the country's oldest city and the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the country's second-largest city, after Johannesburg, and the largest in the Western Cape. The city is part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality. The city is known for its harbour, its natural setting in the Cape Floristic Region, and for landmarks such as Table Mountain and Cape Point. In 2014, Cape Town was named the best place in the world to visit by The New York Times and similarly by The Daily Telegraph in 2016. Located on the shore of Table Bay, the City Bowl area of Cape Town is the oldest urban area in the Western Cape, with a significant cultural heritage. It was founded by the Dutch East India Company as a supply station for Dutch ships sailing to East Africa, India, and the Far East. Jan van Riebeeck's arrival on 6 April 1652 established the VOC Cape Colony, the first permanent European settlement in South Africa. Cape Town outgrew its original purpose as the first European outpost at the Castle of Good Hope, becoming the economic and cultural hub of the Cape Colony. Until the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the development of Johannesburg, Cape Town was the largest city in southern Africa. The metropolitan area has a long coastline on the Atlantic Ocean, which includes False Bay, and extends to the Hottentots Holland mountains to the east. The Table Mountain National Park is within the city boundaries and there are several other nature reserves and marine-protected areas within, and adjacent to, the city, protecting the diverse terrestrial and marine natural environment. The design is a white-fimbriated vertical tricolour of blue, green, and red. The coat of arms of the city of Johannesburg is displayed in the centre of the flag on a green panel in the centre of a heraldic fret on a white disk on a black background. The flag clearly alludes to the colours of the national flag of South Africa and the central panel alludes to the city's coat of arms. The previous design was approved by the Mayor of Johannesburg in 1970. The flag comprised a green field that had a horizontal gold stripe running through the centre, above which were two golden stamps and one gold stamp below. The golden stamps were taken from the previous coat of arms. Mpho Louisa Phalatse is a South African medical doctor and politician who was the Executive Mayor of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. A member of the Democratic Alliance, she served in the position from 22 November 2021 until her ousting in a motion of no-confidence on 26 January 2023. She is the first woman to serve as mayor of the metropolitan municipality, which was established in 2000. She is the first black woman to serve as mayor of the city of Johannesburg and only the second female mayor of the city after Jessie McPherson, who served from 1945 to 1946. Phalatse was born on 7 November 1977 in Hebron, Pretoria. She lived with her grandmother in Hebron for the first few years of her life before she joined her parents in Mabopane. They were both educators. Phalatse matriculated in 1994. The following year, she enrolled at the University of the Witwatersrand to study Chemical Engineering. During her second year at Wits University, Phalatse decided that she wanted to become a medical doctor and enrolled at the MEDUNSA , from which she graduated with an MBChB. She became a doctor in 2005 and interned at Tembisa Hospital. She then did community service in Hammanskraal before she began working at the Jubilee Hospital. Phalatse began studying project management studies at the Cranefield College during her community service year. She later achieved an advanced diploma and postgraduate diploma in Project Management and Programme Management. In 2011, she enrolled for a Master of Medicine at Wits University. Phalatse is a Certified Independent Medical Examiner with the American Board of Independent Medical Examiners . She was a casualty officer at the Alexandra Community Health Centre as well as sexual assault care practitioner at the Far East Rand Hospital, while she was a member of the Professional Conduct Committee of the Health Professions Council of South Africa. Krakow , also seen spelled Cracow or absent Polish diacritics as Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Krakow was the official capital of Poland until 1596 and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, economic, cultural and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Old Town with Wawel Royal Castle was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, one of the world's first sites granted the status. The city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second-most-important city. It began as a hamlet on Wawel Hill and was reported by Ibrahim ibn Yaqub, a 10th-century merchant from Cordoba, as a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 985. With the establishment of new universities and cultural venues at the emergence of the Second Polish Republic in 1918 and throughout the 20th century, Krakow reaffirmed its role as a major national academic and artistic centre. As of 2023, the city has a population of 804,237, with approximately 8 million additional people living within a 100 km radius of its main square. After the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany at the start of World War II, the newly defined Distrikt Krakau became the capital of Germany's General Government. The Jewish population of the city was forced into a walled zone known as the Krakow Ghetto, from where they were sent to Nazi extermination camps such as the nearby Auschwitz, and Nazi concentration camps like Plaszow. However, the city was spared from destruction and major bombing. In 1978, Karol Wojtyla, archbishop of Krakow, was elevated to the papacy as Pope John Paul II--the first non-Italian pope in 455 years. Also that year, UNESCO approved Krakow's entire Old Town and historic centre and the nearby Wieliczka Salt Mine as Poland's first World Heritage Sites. Krakow is classified as a global city with the ranking of "high sufficiency" by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Its extensive cultural heritage across the epochs of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architecture includes Wawel Cathedral and Wawel Royal Castle on the banks of the Vistula, St. Mary's Basilica, Saints Peter and Paul Church and the largest medieval market square in Europe, Rynek Glowny. Krakow is home to Jagiellonian University, one of the oldest universities in the world and traditionally Poland's most reputable institution of higher learning. The city also hosts a number of institutions of national significance such as the National Museum, Krakow Opera, Juliusz Slowacki Theatre, National Stary Theatre and the Jagiellonian Library. The city is served by John Paul II International Airport, the country's second busiest airport and the most important international airport for the inhabitants of south-eastern Poland. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:People from Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> human <s> Category:People from Kraków <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> Kraków <s> Category:People from Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:People from Kraków <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> history of Kraków <p> instance of <o> history of a city <s> history of Kraków <p> topic's main category <o> Category:History of Kraków <s> history of Kraków <p> facet of <o> Kraków <s> Marshal Józef Piłsudski Stadium <p> named after <o> Józef Piłsudski <s> Marshal Józef Piłsudski Stadium <p> country <o> Poland <s> Marshal Józef Piłsudski Stadium <p> owned by <o> Kraków <s> Marshal Józef Piłsudski Stadium <p> sport <o> association football <s> Marshal Józef Piłsudski Stadium <p> architect <o> Estudio Lamela <s> Marshal Józef Piłsudski Stadium <p> instance of <o> association football venue <s> Marshal Józef Piłsudski Stadium <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków <s> Marshal Józef Piłsudski Stadium <p> occupant <o> KS Cracovia <s> Marshal Józef Piłsudski Stadium <p> operator <o> KS Cracovia <s> Vistula <p> basin country <o> Poland <s> Vistula <p> country <o> Poland <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Narew <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Zgłowiączka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Opatówka <s> Vistula <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> Gdańsk Bay <s> Vistula <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Wda <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Raba <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> San <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Przemsza <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Czarna Staszowska <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Skawa <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Soła <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Skawinka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Nogat <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Wieprz <s> Vistula <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Vistula <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Kamienna <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Drwęca <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Koprzywianka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Wierzyca <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Nida <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Wilga <s> Vistula <p> different from <o> fistula <s> Vistula <p> instance of <o> river <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Szreniawa <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Nidzica <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Osa <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Rudawa <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Pilica <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Bzura <s> Vistula <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Łęg <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Wisłoka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Świder <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Sanna <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Radomka <s> Vistula <p> drainage basin <o> Vistula basin <s> Vistula <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Wilga <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Sanka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Suchy <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Trześniówka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Gostynia <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Gahura <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Gościejów <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Zielona Rivulet <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Uszwica <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Fryba <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Bachórz <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Black Vistula <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Rudawka <s> Vistula <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Kisielina <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Dobka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Drwinka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Dziechcinka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Iłownica <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Kopydło <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Jaszowiec <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Gościradowiec <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> White Vistula <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Knajka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Malinka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Jawornik <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Krępianka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Mołtawa <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Pszczynka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Poniwiec <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Partecznik <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Prądnik River <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Pinkasów Potok <s> Vistula <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Vistula <p> lake on watercourse <o> Włocławek Reservoir <s> Vistula <p> lake on watercourse <o> Goczałkowice Reservoir <s> Vistula <p> lake on watercourse <o> Czerniańskie Lake <s> Vistula <p> instance of <o> main stream <s> Vistula <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Vistula <s> Vistula <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Klikawka <s> Vistula <p> has part(s) <o> Vistula Delta <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Bładnica <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Breń <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Chechło <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Brennica <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Bajerka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Babulówka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Bełcząca <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Dłubnia <s> Vistula <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Vistula <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Kurówka <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Brda <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Dunajec <s> Vistula <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Vistula <p> category for the water basin <o> Category:Vistula basin <s> Vistula <p> origin of the watercourse <o> Barania Góra <s> Vistula <p> tributary <o> Biała <s> Vistula <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> country <o> Poland <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Poland <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> has part(s) <o> Kraków <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> different from <o> Lesser Poland <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> shares border with <o> Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> shares border with <o> Silesian Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> shares border with <o> Žilina region <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> instance of <o> voivodeship of Poland <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chrzanów County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Dąbrowa County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tarnów <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> different from <o> Kraków Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> different from <o> Kraków Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> shares border with <o> Prešov Region <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> named after <o> Lesser Poland <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wadowice County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Powiat limanowski <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Olkusz County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nowy Sącz <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bochnia County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Proszowice County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tatra County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> capital <o> Kraków <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> different from <o> Kraków Voivodeship (1975–1998) <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> shares border with <o> Subcarpathian Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Wieliczka County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nowy Targ County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Oświęcim County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Nowy Sącz County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Miechów County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> office held by head of government <o> Voivodes of Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> flag <o> flag of Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gorlice County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Brzesko County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Myślenice County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Tarnów County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków County <s> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Sucha County <s> Polish <p> indigenous to <o> Poland <s> Polish <p> has part(s) <o> standard Polish <s> Polish <p> indigenous to <o> Žilina <s> Polish <p> country <o> Poland <s> Polish <p> category for films in this language <o> Category:Polish-language films <s> Polish <p> related category <o> Category:Polish pronunciation <s> Polish <p> linguistic typology <o> synthetic language <s> Polish <p> instance of <o> modern language <s> Polish <p> has grammatical case <o> nominative case <s> Polish <p> has grammatical case <o> genitive case <s> Polish <p> indigenous to <o> Kashubians <s> Polish <p> indigenous to <o> Frýdek-Místek District <s> Polish <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Polish language <s> Polish <p> follows <o> Middle Polish <s> Polish <p> indigenous to <o> Poles <s> Polish <p> has grammatical case <o> dative case <s> Polish <p> indigenous to <o> Silesians <s> Polish <p> linguistic typology <o> stress <s> Polish <p> subclass of <o> Lechitic <s> Polish <p> writing system <o> Latin script <s> Polish <p> has grammatical case <o> accusative case <s> Polish <p> has grammatical case <o> locative case <s> Polish <p> indigenous to <o> Lviv Oblast <s> Polish <p> linguistic typology <o> nominative–accusative language <s> Polish <p> has grammatical case <o> vocative case <s> Polish <p> instance of <o> natural language <s> Polish <p> has grammatical case <o> instrumental case <s> Polish <p> linguistic typology <o> fusional language <s> Polish <p> language regulatory body <o> Council for the Polish Language <s> Polish <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Polish <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Polish <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Polish <p> linguistic typology <o> subject–verb–object <s> Polish <p> has grammatical gender <o> masculine animate non-personal <s> Polish <p> has grammatical gender <o> masculine inanimate <s> Polish <p> Ethnologue language status <o> 1 National <s> Polish <p> linguistic typology <o> free-order language <s> Polish <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Polish language <s> Polish <p> has grammatical gender <o> masculine personal <s> Polish <p> has grammatical person <o> first-person singular <s> Polish <p> has grammatical person <o> third-person feminine singular <s> Polish <p> has grammatical person <o> third-person neuter singular <s> Polish <p> has grammatical person <o> third-person masculine singular <s> Polish <p> linguistic typology <o> stress-timed language <s> Polish <p> different from <o> Język Polski <s> Polish <p> linguistic typology <o> adjective-noun <s> Polish <p> has grammatical person <o> third-person masculine plural personal <s> Polish <p> has grammatical person <o> third-person masculine plural inanimate <s> Polish <p> has grammatical person <o> second-person singular <s> Polish <p> has grammatical person <o> second-person plural <s> Polish <p> has grammatical person <o> first-person plural <s> Polish <p> has conjugation class <o> seventh conjugation <s> Polish <p> has conjugation class <o> first Polish conjugation <s> Polish <p> has conjugation class <o> second conjugation <s> Polish <p> has conjugation class <o> fourth conjugation <s> Polish <p> has conjugation class <o> eleventh conjugation <s> Polish <p> has conjugation class <o> ninth conjugation <s> Polish <p> has conjugation class <o> third conjugation <s> Polish <p> has conjugation class <o> fifth conjugation <s> Polish <p> has conjugation class <o> sixth conjugation <s> Polish <p> has conjugation class <o> Polish irregular verbs <s> Polish <p> has conjugation class <o> tenth conjugation <s> Polish <p> has conjugation class <o> eighth conjugation <s> Polish <p> has grammatical gender <o> feminine <s> Polish <p> has grammatical gender <o> neuter <s> Polish <p> studied in <o> Polish studies <s> Polish <p> linguistic typology <o> pro-drop language <s> Siege of Kraków <p> instance of <o> battle <s> Siege of Kraków <p> instance of <o> siege <s> Siege of Kraków <p> location <o> Kraków <s> Siege of Kraków <p> part of <o> Second Northern War <s> town privileges <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Town privileges <s> town privileges <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> town privileges <p> described by source <o> Ottův slovník naučný <s> town privileges <p> instance of <o> occurrence <s> town privileges <p> subclass of <o> privilege <s> city with powiat rights <p> country <o> Poland <s> city with powiat rights <p> subclass of <o> powiat <s> city with powiat rights <p> subclass of <o> urban municipality of Poland <s> city with powiat rights <p> subclass of <o> city <s> city with powiat rights <p> instance of <o> designation for an administrative territorial entity of a single country <s> city with powiat rights <p> topic's main category <o> Category:City counties of Poland <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Wielka Wieś <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Świątniki Górne <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Słomniki <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Skała <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Skawina <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Liszki <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Iwanowice <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Krzeszowice <s> Kraków County <p> country <o> Poland <s> Kraków County <p> capital <o> Kraków <s> Kraków County <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Kraków County <p> instance of <o> powiat <s> Kraków County <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Kraków County <p> shares border with <o> Chrzanów County <s> Kraków County <p> shares border with <o> Myślenice County <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Czernichów <s> Kraków County <p> shares border with <o> Miechów County <s> Kraków County <p> shares border with <o> Wadowice County <s> Kraków County <p> shares border with <o> Proszowice County <s> Kraków County <p> shares border with <o> Olkusz County <s> Kraków County <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kraków County <s> Kraków County <p> shares border with <o> Wieliczka County <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Jerzmanowice-Przeginia <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Michałowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Mogilany <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Sułoszowa <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Zielonki <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <s> Kraków County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Zabierzów </Graph>

<Text> :Krakow is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland, with the urban population of 804,237 . Situated on the Vistula river in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. It was the capital of Poland from 1038 to 1596, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Krakow from 1846 to 1918, and the capital of Krakow Voivodeship from the 14th century to 1999. It is now the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Vistulans, pre X century Duchy of Bohemia, X century-ca. 960 Duchy of Poland, ca. 960-1025 Kingdom of Poland, 1025-1031 Duchy of Poland, 1031-1320 Seniorate Province, 1138-1227 Duchy of Krakow, 1227-1320 Kingdom of Poland, 1320-1569 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569-1795 Austrian Empire, 1795-1809 Galicia Duchy of Warsaw, 1809-1815 Free City of Cracow, 1815-1846 Austrian Empire, 1846-1867 Austria-Hungary, 1867-1918 Grand Duchy of Krakow Republic of Poland, 1918-1939 General Government, 1939-1945 Provisional Government of National Unity, 1945-1947 Polish People's Republic, 1947-1989 Poland, 1989-present The earliest known settlement on the present site of Krakow was established on Wawel Hill, and dates back to the 4th century. Legend attributes the town's establishment to the mythical ruler Krakus, who built it above a cave occupied by a ravenous dragon, Smok Wawelski. Many knights unsuccessfully attempted to oust the dragon by force, but instead, Krakus fed it a poisoned lamb, which killed the dragon. The city was free to flourish. Dragon bones, most likely that of mammoth, are displayed at the entrance of the Wawel Cathedral. Before the Polish state had been formed, Krakow was the capital of the tribe of Vistulans, subjugated for a short period by Great Moravia. After Great Moravia was destroyed by the Hungarians, Krakow became part of the kingdom of Bohemia. The first appearance of the city's name in historical records dates back to 966, when a Sephardi Jewish traveller, Abraham ben Jacob, described Krakow as a notable commercial centre under the rule of the then duke of Bohemia . He also mentioned the baptism of Prince Mieszko I and his status as the first historical ruler of Poland. Towards the end of his reign, Mieszko took Krakow from the Bohemians and incorporated it into the holdings of the Piast dynasty. By the end of the 10th century, the city was a leading center of trade. Brick buildings were being constructed, including the Royal Wawel Castle with the Rotunda of Sts. Felix and Adauctus, Romanesque churches, a cathedral, and a basilica. Sometime after 1042, Casimir I the Restorer made Krakow the seat of the Polish government. In 1079 on a hillock in nearby Skalka, the Bishop of Krakow, Saint Stanislaus of Szczepanow, was slain by the order of the Polish king Boleslaw II the Generous. In 1138, the Testament of Boleslaw III Wrymouth came into effect upon his death. It divided Poland into five provinces, with Krakow named as the Seniorate Province, meant to be ruled by the eldest male member of the royal family as the High Duke. Infighting among brothers, however, caused the seniorate system to soon collapse, and a century-long struggle between Boleslaw's descendants followed. The fragmentation of Poland lasted until 1320. Stadion Cracovii im. Jozefa Pilsudskiego is a football stadium located in Krakow, Poland. It is used mostly for football matches and it is the home ground of Cracovia and Puszcza Niepolomice. Originally, the first Cracovia stadium was built in 1912. It was demolished in mid-2009. From then until late 2010 entirely new construction was raised in roughly the same location where the old stadium stood. After reconstruction the stadium holds 15,114 people. The stadium meets the criteria for UEFA Category 3 The stadium's design and construction has been frequently awarded in many architectural contests. In 2010 it was honored with the Janusza Bogdanowskiego award, given by the Archi-Szopa Association for the best architectural construction in Krakow City. The stadium is located south of Blonia Park , near the stadium of Cracovia's archrival Wisla Krakow. The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification match between Ukraine and Kosovo on 9 October 2016 was played in the stadium due to Ukraine's Ukraine's non-recognition of Kosovo's travel documents. Ukraine's 2022-23 UEFA Nations League home fixtures were also played in this stadium due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The stadium design was made by a consortium of Polish and Spanish architectural companies, Estudio Lamela Sp. z o.o, Estudio Lamela S.L., Sener Sp. z o.o. and Sener Ingenieria y Sistemas S.A. The general constructor was the consortium of German Alpine Bau Deutschland AG, Austrian Alpine Bau GmbH and Polish Alpine Construction Polska Sp. z o.o and KPBP ,,Budus" S.A. Cost was planned at 157 mln PLN. In June 2009, the process of construction began. Firstly, the old Cracovia stadium, built in 1912, was demolished. Construction was completed in September 2010. Cracovia played its first official match in the new stadium on 25 September 2010. The Vistula is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at 1,047 kilometres in length. Its drainage basin, extending into three other countries apart from Poland, covers 193,960 km2 , of which 168,868 km2 is in Poland. The Vistula rises at Barania Gora in the south of Poland, 1,220 meters above sea level in the Silesian Beskids , where it begins with the White Little Vistula and the Black Little Vistula . It flows through Poland's largest cities, including Krakow, Sandomierz, Warsaw, Plock, Wloclawek, Torun, Bydgoszcz, Swiecie, Grudziadz, Tczew and Gdansk. It empties into the Vistula Lagoon or directly into the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea with a delta of six main branches . The river has many associations with Polish culture, history and national identity. It is Poland's most important waterway and natural symbol, and the phrase "Country upon Vistula" can be synonymous with Poland. The name Vistula first appears in the written record of Pomponius Mela in AD 40. Pliny in AD 77 in his Natural History names the river Vistla . The root of the name Vistula is often thought to come from Proto-Indo-European *weys-: 'to ooze, flow slowly' "they flowed", Old Norse veisa "slime"), and similar elements appear in many European river-names , Svislach , Weser, Viesinta). Lesser Poland Voivodeship or Lesser Poland Province , also known as Malopolska, is a voivodeship in southern Poland. It has an area of 15,108 square kilometres , and a population of 3,404,863 . It was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Krakow, Tarnow, Nowy Sacz and parts of Bielsko-Biala, Katowice, Kielce and Krosno Voivodeships, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. The province's name recalls the traditional name of a historic Polish region, Lesser Poland, or in Polish: Malopolska. Current Lesser Poland Voivodeship, however, covers only a small part of the broader ancient Malopolska region which, together with Greater Poland and Silesia , formed the early medieval Polish state. Historic Lesser Poland is much larger than the current province. It stretches far north, to Radom, and Siedlce, also including such cities, as Stalowa Wola, Lublin, Kielce, Czestochowa, and Sosnowiec. The province is bounded on the north by the Swietokrzyskie Mountains , on the west by Jura Krakowsko-Czestochowska , and on the south by the Tatra, Pieniny and Beskidy Mountains. Politically it is bordered by Silesian Voivodeship to the west, Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship to the north, Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the east, and Slovakia to the south. Almost all of Lesser Poland lies in the Vistula River catchment area. The city of Krakow was one of the European Cities of Culture in 2000. Krakow has railway and road connections with Katowice , Warsaw, Wroclaw and Rzeszow. It lies at the crossroads of major international routes linking Dresden with Kyiv, and Gdansk with Budapest. Located here is the second largest international airport in Poland , the John Paul II International Airport. The siege of Krakow was one of the battles during the Swedish invasion of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth . It started on 25 September 1655 and ended on 13 October 1655. Capitulation treatment was signed 4 days later. Polish troops marched out the city on 19 October. The city's defense was led by Kiev's castellan Stefan Czarniecki, while Swedish forces were commanded by king Charles Gustav and Arvid Wittenberg. On August 2, 1655, when news of Swedish victories reached the city, the mayor of Krakow, Andrzej Cieniowicz, urged residents to organize defence of the ancient Polish capital. He also collected taxes for employment of 1,000-strong infantry unit. The garrison of Krakow was ordered to watch the city walls and control foreigners, especially Germans, who resided in the city. Furthermore, works on the fortifications were initiated under city engineer Izydor Affaita, and Krzysztof Mieroszewski of the local nobility. To cover the cost of the works, queen Marie Louise Gonzaga handed over some of her jewelry. On August 27, Bishop of Krakow Piotr Gembicki urged residents to pledge allegiance to the king and to defend the city. The bishop paid for 300 soldiers, who strengthened the garrison, while city council created armed militia, which consisted of students and other residents. On September 19, King Jan Kazimierz came to Krakow, after the lost Battle of Zarnow. The king brought a few thousand soldiers and levee en masse, but the morale of his army was low. Several members of the nobility abandoned the king, while the army, concentrated at Pradnik, organized itself into a confederation, demanding money and renouncing Hetman, Stanislaw Lanckoronski. On September 20, the Council of the Senate had a meeting, in which allegiance to the king was confirmed. Soon after the meeting, the queen, together with Primate Andrzej Leszczynski left the city. Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the traditions of the self-administration of Roman cities. Judicially, a borough was distinguished from the countryside by means of a charter from the ruling monarch that defined its privileges and laws. Common privileges involved trade and the establishment of guilds. Some of these privileges were permanent and could imply that the town obtained the right to be called a borough, hence the term "borough rights" . Some degree of self-government, representation by diet, and tax-relief could also be granted. Multiple tiers existed; for example, in Sweden, the basic royal charter establishing a borough enabled trade, but not foreign trade, which required a higher-tier charter granting staple right. A city with powiat rights is in Poland a designation denoting 66 of the 107 cities which exercise also the powers and duties of a county , thus being an independent city. They have roughly the same status as former county boroughs in the United Kingdom. Sometimes, such a city will also be referred to in Polish as city county ; this term however is not official . The contemporary term city with powiat rights should not be used interchangeably with the interwar city county. Such cities are distinct from and independent of the 314 regular powiats , again a term that was used in the interwar period and is not used in modern Polish law). Krakow County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Krakow, although the city is not part of the county . The county contains five towns: Skawina, 12 km south-west of Krakow, Krzeszowice, 24 km west of Krakow, Slomniki, 24 km north-east of Krakow, Skala, 20 km north of Krakow, and Swiatniki Gorne, 15 km south of Krakow. The county covers an area of 1,229.62 square kilometres . As of 2019 its total population is 278,219, out of which the population of Skawina is 24,340, that of Krzeszowice is 10,014, that of Slomniki is 4,343, that of Skala is 3,798, that of Swiatniki Gorne is 2,431, and the rural population is 233,293. Apart from the city of Krakow, Krakow County is also bordered by Miechow County to the north, Proszowice County and Bochnia County to the east, Wieliczka County to the south-east, Myslenice County to the south, Wadowice County and Chrzanow County to the west, and Olkusz County to the north-west. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Proszowice County <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Proszowice County <s> Proszowice County <p> country <o> Poland <s> Proszowice County <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Proszowice County <p> instance of <o> powiat <s> Proszowice County <p> shares border with <o> Brzesko County <s> Proszowice County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Nowe Brzesko <s> Proszowice County <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Proszowice County <p> capital <o> Proszowice <s> Proszowice County <p> shares border with <o> Miechów County <s> Proszowice County <p> shares border with <o> Bochnia County <s> Proszowice County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Radziemice <s> Proszowice County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Proszowice <s> Proszowice County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Koniusza <s> Proszowice County <p> shares border with <o> Kraków County <s> Proszowice County <p> shares border with <o> Kazimierza County <s> Proszowice County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Pałecznica <s> Proszowice County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Koszyce <s> Hanseatic city <p> subclass of <o> city <s> Hanseatic city <p> member of <o> Hanseatic League <s> Hanseatic city <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Members of the Hanseatic League <s> Hanseatic city <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Benedictus XVI in Poland (25–28 May 2006) <p> destination point <o> Poland <s> Benedictus XVI in Poland (25–28 May 2006) <p> location <o> Warsaw <s> Benedictus XVI in Poland (25–28 May 2006) <p> participant <o> Benedict XVI <s> Benedictus XVI in Poland (25–28 May 2006) <p> country <o> Vatican City <s> Benedictus XVI in Poland (25–28 May 2006) <p> part of <o> list of journeys of Pope Benedict XVI <s> Benedictus XVI in Poland (25–28 May 2006) <p> instance of <o> pastoral visit <s> Benedictus XVI in Poland (25–28 May 2006) <p> start point <o> Rome Ciampino <s> World Youth Day 2016 <p> country <o> Poland <s> World Youth Day 2016 <p> topic's main category <o> Category:World Youth Day 2016 <s> World Youth Day 2016 <p> location <o> Kraków <s> World Youth Day 2016 <p> instance of <o> World Youth Day <s> World Youth Day 2016 <p> follows <o> World Youth Day 2013 <s> World Youth Day 2016 <p> followed by <o> World Youth Day 2019 <s> Siege of Kraków <p> instance of <o> battle <s> Siege of Kraków <p> instance of <o> siege <s> Siege of Kraków <p> location <o> Kraków <s> Siege of Kraków <p> part of <o> Second Northern War <s> Portal:Kraków <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia portal <s> Portal:Kraków <p> Wikimedia portal's main topic <o> Kraków <s> Portal:Kraków <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Kraków portal <s> Mayor of Kraków <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Kraków <s> Mayor of Kraków <p> country <o> Poland <s> Mayor of Kraków <p> instance of <o> public office <s> Mayor of Kraków <p> subclass of <o> mayor of a place in Poland <s> Mayor of Kraków <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Mayors of Kraków <s> Mayor of Kraków <p> officeholder <o> Jacek Majchrowski <s> Category:Films shot in Kraków <p> category contains <o> film <s> Category:Films shot in Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> Kraków <s> Category:Films shot in Kraków <p> list related to category <o> list of films shot in Kraków <s> Category:Films shot in Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> filming location <s> Category:Films shot in Kraków <p> opposite of <o> Category:Films set in Kraków <s> Category:Films shot in Kraków <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Burials in Kraków by place <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Burials in Kraków by place <p> category combines topics <o> location of burial <s> Category:Burials in Kraków by place <p> category combines topics <o> Kraków <s> Category:Burials in Kraków by place <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Order of the Builders of People's Poland <p> location of formation <o> Warsaw <s> Order of the Builders of People's Poland <p> instance of <o> order <s> Order of the Builders of People's Poland <p> country <o> Polish People's Republic <s> Order of the Builders of People's Poland <p> has part(s) <o> Order of the Builders of People’s Poland <s> Order of the Builders of People's Poland <p> has part(s) <o> Order of the Builders of People’s Poland <s> Order of the Builders of People's Poland <p> category for recipients of this award <o> Category:Recipients of the Order of the Builders of People's Poland <s> Order of the Builders of People's Poland <p> next lower rank <o> Order of Polonia Restituta </Graph>

<Text> :Proszowice County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is Proszowice, which lies 31 kilometres north-east of the regional capital Krakow. Its only other town is Nowe Brzesko . The county covers an area of 414.57 square kilometres . As of 2006 its total population is 43,441, out of which the population of Proszowice was 6,205 and the rural population was 37,236. Proszowice County is bordered by Kazimierza County and Tarnow County to the east, Brzesko County to the south-east, Bochnia County to the south, Krakow County to the south and west, and Miechow County to the north-west. The history of Proszowice County dates back to the early 16th century, when it was created. Until the Partitions of Poland, the county was part of Krakow Voivodeship. It had the area of 2880 sq. kilometers, with 15 towns, including Krakow, Bedzin, Chrzanow, Olkusz, Slawkow, Dzialoszyce, Slomniki and Nowe Brzesko. The Hanseatic League was a medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe. Growing from a few North German towns in the late 12th century, the League expanded between the 13th and 15th centuries and ultimately encompassed nearly 200 settlements across eight modern-day countries, ranging from Estonia in the north and east, to the Netherlands in the west, and extended inland as far as Cologne, the Prussian regions and Krakow, Poland. The League began as a collection of loosely associated groups of German traders and various towns aiming to expand their mutual commercial interests, including protection against robbery. Over time, these arrangements evolved into the Hanseatic League, offering traders toll privileges and protection on both affiliated territory and their trade routes. Growing economic interdependence and familial connections among influential merchant families led to deeper political integration and the removal of trade barriers. This gradual process also saw the emergence of standardized trade regulations among Hanseatic Cities. During its zenith, the Hanseatic League dominated maritime trade in the North and Baltic Seas. It established a network of trading outposts in numerous towns and cities, notable among them the Kontors in London , Bruges, Bergen, and Novgorod, which became extraterritorial entities that enjoyed considerable legal autonomy. Hanseatic merchants, commonly referred to as Hansards, operated in basic private companies and were widely known for their access to a variety of commodities, and enjoyed privileges and protections abroad. The collective economic power made the League capable of imposing blockades and even waging war against kingdoms and principalities. Even at its peak, the Hanseatic League was never more than a loosely aligned confederation of city-states. It lacked a permanent administrative body, a treasury, and a standing military force. In the 14th century, the Hanseatic League instated an irregular negotiating diet that operated based on deliberation and consensus. By the mid-16th century, these weak connections left the Hanseatic League vulnerable, and it gradually unraveled as members became consolidated into other realms or departed, ultimately disintegrating in 1669. World Youth Day 2016 was the 15th World Youth Day, an international event organised by the Catholic Church and focused on faith and youth that took place from 26 to 31 July 2016 in Krakow, Poland. It was the third World Youth Day held in Central Europe. Pope Francis announced at the end of the closing Mass of the previous World Youth Day 2013 in Rio de Janeiro that Krakow, Poland, will be the venue for World Youth Day 2016. This will be the second World Youth Day hosted by Poland, the first being the World Youth Day 1991 held in Czestochowa. According to Cardinal Stanislaw Dziwisz, the Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Krakow, World Youth Day 2016 was to be particularly significant as a tribute to Pope John Paul II, founder of the World Youth Day, as Krakow was his home. As he is such a popular saint in Poland, canonized on 27 April 2014, Cardinal Dziwisz said that the news of hosting another World Youth Day in Poland has been met with "enthusiasm", and all Catholic dioceses in Poland will be supporting the event. Special activities related to John Paul II's devotion to the Merciful Jesus based on Mary Faustina Kowalska apparitions and message. More than 70 priests took part in a meeting on 10 September 2013 dedicated to the spiritual aspects of the preparations to WYD Krakow 2016. They represented all Polish dioceses and the local organizing committee in Krakow. Bishop Henryk Tomasik, national coordinator for youth pastoral care, presented main ideas that will take place before the actual WYD week, particularly the peregrination of the icon Salus Populi Romani and the WYD Cross. Young Poles will take over the Cross from young Brazilians on Palm Sunday, 13 April 2014. The Polish group will consist of 100 representatives of all the dioceses . The following day the Cross starts its peregrination in the Archdiocese of Poznan. The Cross will stay in every diocese for 20 days and ends its pilgrimage in Krakow. The Cross will be present not only in churches and chapels but in schools, prisons for youth, and universities as well. The siege of Krakow was one of the battles during the Swedish invasion of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth . It started on 25 September 1655 and ended on 13 October 1655. Capitulation treatment was signed 4 days later. Polish troops marched out the city on 19 October. The city's defense was led by Kiev's castellan Stefan Czarniecki, while Swedish forces were commanded by king Charles Gustav and Arvid Wittenberg. On August 2, 1655, when news of Swedish victories reached the city, the mayor of Krakow, Andrzej Cieniowicz, urged residents to organize defence of the ancient Polish capital. He also collected taxes for employment of 1,000-strong infantry unit. The garrison of Krakow was ordered to watch the city walls and control foreigners, especially Germans, who resided in the city. Furthermore, works on the fortifications were initiated under city engineer Izydor Affaita, and Krzysztof Mieroszewski of the local nobility. To cover the cost of the works, queen Marie Louise Gonzaga handed over some of her jewelry. On August 27, Bishop of Krakow Piotr Gembicki urged residents to pledge allegiance to the king and to defend the city. The bishop paid for 300 soldiers, who strengthened the garrison, while city council created armed militia, which consisted of students and other residents. On September 19, King Jan Kazimierz came to Krakow, after the lost Battle of Zarnow. The king brought a few thousand soldiers and levee en masse, but the morale of his army was low. Several members of the nobility abandoned the king, while the army, concentrated at Pradnik, organized itself into a confederation, demanding money and renouncing Hetman, Stanislaw Lanckoronski. On September 20, the Council of the Senate had a meeting, in which allegiance to the king was confirmed. Soon after the meeting, the queen, together with Primate Andrzej Leszczynski left the city. Krakow , also seen spelled Cracow or absent Polish diacritics as Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Krakow was the official capital of Poland until 1596 and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, economic, cultural and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Old Town with Wawel Royal Castle was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, one of the world's first sites granted the status. The city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second-most-important city. It began as a hamlet on Wawel Hill and was reported by Ibrahim ibn Yaqub, a 10th-century merchant from Cordoba, as a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 985. With the establishment of new universities and cultural venues at the emergence of the Second Polish Republic in 1918 and throughout the 20th century, Krakow reaffirmed its role as a major national academic and artistic centre. As of 2023, the city has a population of 804,237, with approximately 8 million additional people living within a 100 km radius of its main square. After the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany at the start of World War II, the newly defined Distrikt Krakau became the capital of Germany's General Government. The Jewish population of the city was forced into a walled zone known as the Krakow Ghetto, from where they were sent to Nazi extermination camps such as the nearby Auschwitz, and Nazi concentration camps like Plaszow. However, the city was spared from destruction and major bombing. In 1978, Karol Wojtyla, archbishop of Krakow, was elevated to the papacy as Pope John Paul II--the first non-Italian pope in 455 years. Also that year, UNESCO approved Krakow's entire Old Town and historic centre and the nearby Wieliczka Salt Mine as Poland's first World Heritage Sites. Krakow is classified as a global city with the ranking of "high sufficiency" by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Its extensive cultural heritage across the epochs of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architecture includes Wawel Cathedral and Wawel Royal Castle on the banks of the Vistula, St. Mary's Basilica, Saints Peter and Paul Church and the largest medieval market square in Europe, Rynek Glowny. Krakow is home to Jagiellonian University, one of the oldest universities in the world and traditionally Poland's most reputable institution of higher learning. The city also hosts a number of institutions of national significance such as the National Museum, Krakow Opera, Juliusz Slowacki Theatre, National Stary Theatre and the Jagiellonian Library. The city is served by John Paul II International Airport, the country's second busiest airport and the most important international airport for the inhabitants of south-eastern Poland. The order was awarded by the president of Poland until the office was abolished in 1952; from then it was awarded by the Polish Council of State. It had only one class. A person decorated with the order had the title of a Builder of People's Poland . The Order was last awarded in June 27th,1993. Up to that time, about 310 individuals were awarded the Order, and 10 institutions and territorial units . During the times of the People's Republic, 7 recipients had their orders revoked. It was officially disestablished 2 years after the People's Republic was replaced by the Third Republic The Order has a golden rosette, 53 mm in diameter. The rosette has eight petals enameled with white and red . Petals are separated by gold rays. In the center is a white-encircled blue medallion, which depicts a gold male figure carrying a hammer and a red banner. The reverse has a red enameled medallion with, in gold, the letters PRL, standing for Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa - People's Republic of Poland . </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Wieliczka County <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Wieliczka County <s> Wieliczka County <p> country <o> Poland <s> Wieliczka County <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Wieliczka County <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Wieliczka County <p> shares border with <o> Kraków County <s> Wieliczka County <p> capital <o> Wieliczka <s> Wieliczka County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Wieliczka <s> Wieliczka County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Gdów <s> Wieliczka County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Niepołomice <s> Wieliczka County <p> instance of <o> powiat <s> Wieliczka County <p> shares border with <o> Bochnia County <s> Wieliczka County <p> shares border with <o> Myślenice County <s> Wieliczka County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Biskupice <s> Wieliczka County <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gmina Kłaj <s> Gmina Koniusza <p> country <o> Poland <s> Gmina Koniusza <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <s> Gmina Koniusza <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Radziemice <s> Gmina Koniusza <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Proszowice <s> Gmina Koniusza <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Gmina Koniusza <p> capital <o> Koniusza, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Gmina Koniusza <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Proszowice County <s> Gmina Koniusza <p> instance of <o> rural municipality of Poland <s> Gmina Koniusza <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <s> Gmina Koniusza <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Słomniki <s> Gmina Koniusza <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gmina Koniusza <s> timeline of Kraków <p> instance of <o> timeline <s> timeline of Kraków <p> facet of <o> Kraków <s> Krakow's city data <p> country <o> Poland <s> Krakow's city data <p> language of work or name <o> Polish <s> Krakow's city data <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków <s> Krakow's city data <p> instance of <o> open data portal <s> Krakow's city data <p> main subject <o> Kraków <s> Category:Maps of Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> Kraków <s> Category:Maps of Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Category:Maps of Kraków <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> list of events in Kraków <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia list of events <s> list of events in Kraków <p> category related to list <o> Category:Events in Kraków <s> list of events in Kraków <p> is a list of <o> event <s> list of people from Kraków <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia list article <s> list of people from Kraków <p> is a list of <o> human <s> Gmina Zabierzów <p> country <o> Poland <s> Gmina Zabierzów <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Gmina Zabierzów <p> capital <o> Zabierzów <s> Gmina Zabierzów <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków County <s> Gmina Zabierzów <p> instance of <o> rural municipality of Poland <s> Gmina Zabierzów <p> different from <o> Zabierzów <s> Gmina Zabierzów <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Wielka Wieś <s> Gmina Zabierzów <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Jerzmanowice-Przeginia <s> Gmina Zabierzów <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Liszki <s> Gmina Zabierzów <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Krzeszowice <s> Gmina Zabierzów <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gmina Zabierzów <s> Gmina Zielonki <p> country <o> Poland <s> Gmina Zielonki <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Gmina Zielonki <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Wielka Wieś <s> Gmina Zielonki <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Michałowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Gmina Zielonki <p> capital <o> Zielonki, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Gmina Zielonki <p> instance of <o> rural municipality of Poland <s> Gmina Zielonki <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Skała <s> Gmina Zielonki <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Iwanowice <s> Gmina Zielonki <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków County <s> Gmina Zielonki <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gmina Zielonki <s> Gmina Wielka Wieś <p> country <o> Poland <s> Gmina Wielka Wieś <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Gmina Wielka Wieś <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Zabierzów <s> Gmina Wielka Wieś <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Jerzmanowice-Przeginia <s> Gmina Wielka Wieś <p> instance of <o> rural municipality of Poland <s> Gmina Wielka Wieś <p> capital <o> Wielka Wieś, Kraków County <s> Gmina Wielka Wieś <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Skała <s> Gmina Wielka Wieś <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Zielonki <s> Gmina Wielka Wieś <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków County <s> Gmina Wielka Wieś <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gmina Wielka Wieś <s> Gmina Wielka Wieś <p> geomorphological unit <o> Wyżyna Olkuska </Graph>

<Text> :Wieliczka County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Wieliczka, which lies 13 kilometres south-east of the regional capital Krakow. The only other town in the county is Niepolomice, lying 12 km north-east of Wieliczka. The county covers an area of 427.8 square kilometres . As of 2006 its total population is 105,266, out of which the population of Wieliczka is 19,133, that of Niepolomice is 8,537, and the rural population is 77,596. Gmina Koniusza is a rural gmina in Proszowice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Koniusza, which lies approximately 5 kilometres west of Proszowice and 27 km north-east of the regional capital Krakow. Gmina Koniusza contains the villages and settlements of Biorkow Maly, Biorkow Wielki, Chorazyce, Czernichow, Dalewice, Glew, Glewiec, Gnatowice, Gorka Jaklinska, Karwin, Koniusza, Lyszkowice, Muniaczkowice, Niegardow, Niegardow-Kolonia, Piotrkowice Male, Piotrkowice Wielkie, Polekarcice, Posadza, Przeslawice, Rzedowice, Siedliska, Szarbia, Wasow, Wierzbno, Wroniec, Wronin and Zielona. The historic city of Krakow, Poland, especially the Old Town, is the hub of many outdoor and indoor festivals, cultural events and street parades. Many of them are seasonal and take place only one time, while others are organised annually for many years by various festival societies. All of them draw interest from the locals and visitors alike. Some of the events are organised by the city, some by private companies, but most express Polish and Krakow living traditions kept and celebrated by its citizens. The New Year's party is organised on the Main Market Square of Krakow. During this open-air show the locals and the tourists have the opportunity to welcome the New Year and take part in concerts that are organised by the city. In Poland there is a very strong tradition of singing Carol songs during Christmas and after. It is a custom that in January many churches organise Carol songs concerts during which one can listen to traditional versions of the songs and traditional music of Polish folk groups. Sailing songs are popular, and not only among sailors or people living in coastal areas. For many years a Shanties Festival has been held in Krakow, where Polish and international performers present songs of this type. Gmina Zabierzow is a rural gmina in Krakow County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Zabierzow, which lies approximately 13 kilometres north-west of the regional capital Krakow. Gmina Zabierzow contains the villages and settlements of Aleksandrowice, Balice, Bolechowice, Brzezie, Brzezinka, Brzoskwinia, Burow, Karniowice, Kleszczow, Kobylany, Kochanow, Mlynka, Niegoszowice, Nielepice, Pisary, Radwanowice, Rudawa, Rzaska, Szczyglice, Ujazd, Wieckowice, Zabierzow and Zelkow. Blazon: a Modern French shield per pale gules and azure, on the first a griffon segreant argent armed, beaked and langued Or, on the second a human figure fully armoured argent holding a heater shield gules charged with two labels Or of three points arranged in pale. Gmina Zielonki is a rural community in Krakow County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Zielonki, which lies approximately 7 kilometres north of the regional capital Krakow. Gmina Zielonki contains the villages and settlements of Batowice, Bibice, Bolen, Bosutow, Brzozowka, Dziekanowice, Garlica Duchowna, Garlica Murowana, Garliczka, Grebynice, Januszowice, Korzkiew, Osiedle Lokietka, Owczary, Pekowice, Przybyslawice, Trojanowice, Wegrzce, Wola Zachariaszowska and Zielonki. Gmina Wielka Wies is a rural gmina in Krakow County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Wielka Wies, which lies approximately 13 kilometres north-west of the regional capital Krakow. Gmina Wielka Wies contains the villages and settlements of Beblo, Bedkowice, Bialy Kosciol, Czajowice, Giebultow, Modlnica, Modlniczka, Pradnik Korzkiewski, Szyce, Tomaszowice, Wielka Wies and Wierzchowie. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Cologno Monzese <p> seismic classification <o> 3 <s> Cologno Monzese <p> country <o> Italy <s> Cologno Monzese <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Cologno Monzese <p> shares border with <o> Vimodrone <s> Cologno Monzese <p> shares border with <o> Sesto San Giovanni <s> Cologno Monzese <p> capital <o> Cologno Monzese <s> Cologno Monzese <p> shares border with <o> Cernusco sul Naviglio <s> Cologno Monzese <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Cologno Monzese <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Cologno Monzese <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Cologno Monzese <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Cologno Monzese <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Cologno Monzese <s> Cologno Monzese <p> shares border with <o> Brugherio <s> Cologno Monzese <p> patron saint <o> Mark the Evangelist <s> Pernik <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Pernik <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+03:00 <s> Pernik <p> country <o> Bulgaria <s> Pernik <p> country <o> Ottoman Empire <s> Pernik <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Pernik <s> Pernik <p> country <o> People's Republic of Bulgaria <s> Pernik <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lublin <s> Pernik <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Pernik <s> Pernik <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Pernik <s> Pernik <p> country <o> Principality of Bulgaria <s> Pernik <p> owner of <o> Minyor Stadium <s> Pernik <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Pernik <s> Pernik <p> country <o> Kingdom of Bulgaria <s> Pernik <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Pernik Municipality <s> Pernik <p> capital of <o> Pernik Province <s> Pernik <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Pernik <s> Pernik <p> capital of <o> Pernik Municipality <s> Pernik <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Pernik <p> instance of <o> oblast seat <s> Pernik <p> instance of <o> city in Bulgaria <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> country <o> Italy <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> shares border with <o> Cinisello Balsamo <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> shares border with <o> Cologno Monzese <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> shares border with <o> Monza <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> shares border with <o> Bresso <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Sesto San Giovanni <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> patron saint <o> John the Baptist <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> twinned administrative body <o> Terlizzi <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Sesto San Giovanni <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santo André <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> twinned administrative body <o> Goražde <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Sesto San Giovanni <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Sesto San Giovanni <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> shares border with <o> Brugherio <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Sesto San Giovanni <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> twinned administrative body <o> Campinas <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> capital <o> Sesto San Giovanni <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> twinned administrative body <o> Goiânia <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> twinned administrative body <o> Langenstein <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> owner of <o> Stadio Breda <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> seismic classification <o> 3 <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint-Denis <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> twinned administrative body <o> Zlín <s> Sesto San Giovanni <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> country <o> Italy <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> shares border with <o> Cusago <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> shares border with <o> Gaggiano <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> shares border with <o> Corsico <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> shares border with <o> Buccinasco <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> shares border with <o> Cesano Boscone <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> shares border with <o> Zibido San Giacomo <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> patron saint <o> Ambrose <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> capital <o> Trezzano sul Naviglio <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> twinned administrative body <o> Eching <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> twinned administrative body <o> Buje <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Trezzano sul Naviglio <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Trezzano sul Naviglio <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Trezzano sul Naviglio <s> Trezzano sul Naviglio <p> seismic classification <o> 4 <s> Buccinasco <p> country <o> Italy <s> Buccinasco <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Buccinasco <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Buccinasco <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Buccinasco <p> shares border with <o> Corsico <s> Buccinasco <p> shares border with <o> Trezzano sul Naviglio <s> Buccinasco <p> shares border with <o> Zibido San Giacomo <s> Buccinasco <p> shares border with <o> Assago <s> Buccinasco <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Buccinasco <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Buccinasco <p> seismic classification <o> 4 <s> Buccinasco <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Buccinasco <s> Iquitos <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Iquitos <s> Iquitos <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Iquitos <s> Iquitos <p> country <o> Peru <s> Iquitos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> Iquitos <p> instance of <o> city <s> Iquitos <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Amazon <s> Iquitos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Manaus <s> Iquitos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nueva Loja <s> Iquitos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tarapoto <s> Iquitos <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−05:00 <s> Iquitos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Leticia <s> Iquitos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Moyobamba <s> Iquitos <p> twinned administrative body <o> New Rocafuerte <s> Iquitos <p> capital of <o> Loreto Department <s> Iquitos <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Iquitos <p> capital of <o> Iquitos District <s> Iquitos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Coca <s> Iquitos <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Maynas Province <s> Iquitos <p> capital of <o> Maynas Province <s> Iquitos <p> twinned administrative body <o> Caballococha <s> Iquitos <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Iquitos <s> Iquitos <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Iquitos <s> Cesano Boscone <p> country <o> Italy <s> Cesano Boscone <p> capital <o> Cesano Boscone <s> Cesano Boscone <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Cesano Boscone <p> shares border with <o> Trezzano sul Naviglio <s> Cesano Boscone <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Cesano Boscone <p> patron saint <o> Our Lady of the Rosary <s> Cesano Boscone <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Cesano Boscone <p> seismic classification <o> 4 <s> Cesano Boscone <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Cesano Boscone <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Cesano Boscone <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Cesano Boscone <s> Cesano Boscone <p> shares border with <o> Corsico <s> Assago <p> country <o> Italy <s> Assago <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Assago <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Assago <p> seismic classification <o> 4 <s> Assago <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Assago <p> shares border with <o> Rozzano <s> Assago <p> capital <o> Assago <s> Assago <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Assago <p> shares border with <o> Buccinasco <s> Assago <p> shares border with <o> Zibido San Giacomo <s> Assago <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Assago <p> patron saint <o> Desiderius von Langres <s> Assago <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Assago <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> country <o> Italy <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> shares border with <o> Milan <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> shares border with <o> San Donato Milanese <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> shares border with <o> Pantigliate <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> shares border with <o> Mediglia <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> shares border with <o> Rodano <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> shares border with <o> Segrate <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> shares border with <o> Pioltello <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Milan <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> seismic classification <o> 3 <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Peschiera Borromeo <s> Peschiera Borromeo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Peschiera Borromeo <s> City of Melbourne <p> twinned administrative body <o> Boston <s> City of Melbourne <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milan <s> City of Melbourne <p> topic's main category <o> Category:City of Melbourne <s> City of Melbourne <p> country <o> Australia <s> City of Melbourne <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> City of Melbourne <p> located in time zone <o> Australia/Melbourne <s> City of Melbourne <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tianjin <s> City of Melbourne <p> different from <o> Melbourne central business district <s> City of Melbourne <p> twinned administrative body <o> Thessaloniki <s> City of Melbourne <p> different from <o> Melbourne <s> City of Melbourne <p> office held by head of government <o> Lord Mayor of Melbourne <s> City of Melbourne <p> twinned administrative body <o> Osaka <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kensington <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Parkville <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Docklands <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> East Melbourne <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> South Yarra <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Carlton North <s> City of Melbourne <p> shares border with <o> City of Merri-bek <s> City of Melbourne <p> shares border with <o> City of Stonnington <s> City of Melbourne <p> shares border with <o> City of Port Phillip <s> City of Melbourne <p> shares border with <o> City of Hobsons Bay <s> City of Melbourne <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Victoria <s> City of Melbourne <p> capital <o> Melbourne central business district <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> North Melbourne <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> West Melbourne <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> South Wharf <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Melbourne central business district <s> City of Melbourne <p> head of government <o> Sally Capp <s> City of Melbourne <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Melbourne <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Southbank <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Carlton <s> City of Melbourne <p> instance of <o> local government area of Victoria <s> City of Melbourne <p> shares border with <o> City of Yarra <s> City of Melbourne <p> shares border with <o> City of Maribyrnong <s> City of Melbourne <p> shares border with <o> City of Moonee Valley <s> City of Melbourne <p> legislative body <o> Melbourne City Council <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Flemington <s> City of Melbourne <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Port Melbourne </Graph>

<Text> :Cologno Monzese is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about 5 kilometres northeast of Milan. The population increased substantially after World War II, when many people from Southern Italy settled here . After being subject for a long time to the influence exerted by San Maurizio al Lambro Cologno received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on September 19, 1996. The town is served by three stations of the Milan Metro: Cologno Nord , Cologno Centro and Cologno Sud . The nearest airport is Linate, in Milan, but Malpensa is not far. Cologno is also linked up with Milan by the Tangenziale Est, an orbital motorway that surrounds the capital city of Lombardy. Pernik is a town in western Bulgaria south-west of Sofia) with a population of 70,285 as of 2021. Pernik is the most populated town in western Bulgaria after Sofia. It is the main town of Pernik Province and lies on both banks of the Struma River in the Pernik Valley between the Golo Bardo Mountain, Vitosha Mountain, Lyulin and Viskyar mountains. Pernik is the principal town of Pernik Province - a province in western Bulgaria, which is next to the Serbian border. Originally the site of a Thracian fortress founded in the 4th century BC, and later a Roman settlement, Pernik became part of the Bulgarian Empire in the early 9th century as an important fortress. The medieval town was a key Bulgarian stronghold during Bulgarian tsar Samuil's wars against the Byzantine Empire in the 11th century, when it was governed by the local noble Krakra of Pernik, withstanding Byzantine sieges a number of times. From 1396 until 1878 the town was under Ottoman rule. In the 20th century Pernik developed rapidly as a centre for coal mining and heavy industry. During the Communist rule of Bulgaria it was called Dimitrovo between 1949 and 1962 after Bulgarian Communist leader Georgi Dimitrov. The Surva International Festival of the Masquerade Games is held in the town every January. Surva is an International Kukeri Festival in Pernik, Bulgaria and is one of the biggest masquerade festival on the Balkans and Eastern Europe. It is held in the last three days of January each year. Sesto San Giovanni , locally referred to as just Sesto , is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan, in the Italian region of Lombardy. Its railway station is the northernmost stop on the Milan Metro M1 line. The comune has the honorary title of city, despite being a de facto suburb of Milan. An unimportant agglomerate of buildings until the 19th century, Sesto San Giovanni grew during the end of the 19th century and in the early 20th century, becoming the site of several industries, including companies such as Falck, Campari, Magneti Marelli and Breda. In that period the population increased rapidly, from 5,000 inhabitants in 1880 to 14,000 in 1911. After World War II, Sesto became populated by many migrants from other parts of Italy, leading to an increased population of 95,000 inhabitants in 1981. Sesto used to be referred to as the "Stalingrad of Italy", due to the strong historical presence of the Italian Communist Party and to its resistance to fascism in World War Two. In the 1990s, Sesto San Giovanni suffered an economic crisis, and most of the larger companies in the town closed their premises. The town partially succeeded in converting its economy from steel production to service industries. Several large companies opened offices in Sesto, such as ABB Group, WIND Telecommunications, Impregilo and Oracle Corporation. Sesto San Giovanni was previously a left-wing working-class city, in contrast to Milan, which was a more right-leaning business city. From 1946 to 2017, all city mayors came from left-wing parties. However, in 2017, it broke the tradition and elected Roberto di Stefano of Lega as mayor, whilst Milan has swung more left-wing in the same timeframe. Trezzano sul Naviglio is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 9 km southwest of Milan. The commune was created in 1841 through the merger of Buccinasco Castello, Rovido, Romano Banco and Gudo Gambaredo and, in 1871, Grancino and Ronchetto sul Naviglio . It remained an agricultural center until the 1950s. Later, consistent immigration from southern Italy led Romano Banco to overcome the other hamlets in population, and it is now the main industrial and administrative part of the comune. Iquitos is the capital city of Peru's Maynas Province and Loreto Region. It is the largest metropolis in the Peruvian Amazon, east of the Andes, as well as the ninth-most populous city in Peru. Iquitos is the largest city in the world that cannot be reached by road that is not on an island; it is only accessible by river and air. It is known as the "capital of the Peruvian Amazon". The city is located in the Great Plains of the Amazon Basin, fed by the Amazon, Nanay, and Itaya rivers. Overall, it constitutes the Iquitos metropolitan area, a conurbation of 471,993 inhabitants consisting of four districts: Iquitos, Punchana, Belen, and San Juan Bautista. The area has long been inhabited by indigenous peoples. According to Spanish historical documents, Iquitos was established around 1757 as a Spanish Jesuit reduction on the banks of the Nanay River. The Jesuits gathered local Napeano and Iquito natives to live here, and they named it San Pablo de Napeanos. In the late 19th century, during the Amazon rubber boom, the city became the center of export of rubber production from the Amazon Basin and was the headquarters of the Peruvian Amazon Company . The city's economy was highly dependent on the PAC, controlled in the nation by Peruvian businessman Julio Cesar Arana. PAC kept indigenous workers in near slavery conditions through use of force and harsh treatment, until an investigation caused a reaction against the company. In addition, rubber seedlings had been smuggled out of the country and cultivated on plantations in Southeast Asia, undercutting prices of the Peruvian product. With the decline of the rubber industry, many workers and merchants left Iquitos. Peschiera Borromeo is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 12 kilometres southeast of Milan. It received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on 6 August 1988. The land was owned by the House of Borromeo of San Miniato in the 14th century and possibly earlier. Peschiera Borromeo's main attraction is the Borromeo Castle, built in 1437 by Vitaliano Borromeo. The Borromei were, during the later years of the Ambrosian Republic, pro-Francesco Sforza, and housed him in the castle while he besieged Milan in 1450. In 1461 Sforza, now the Duke of Milan, made Filippo Borromeo the Conte di Peschiera. The City of Melbourne is a local government area in Victoria, Australia, located in the central city area of Melbourne. In 2021, the city has an area of 37.7 square kilometres and had a population of 149,615. The city's motto is "Vires acquirit eundo" which means " gathers strength as she goes" or, more figuratively, " strength through progress". The current Lord Mayor is Sally Capp, who was elected in a by-election following the resignation of Robert Doyle on 4 February 2018. The Melbourne City Council holds office in Melbourne Town Hall. Melbourne was founded in 1835, during the reign of King William IV, following the arrival of the schooner Enterprize near the present site of the Queen's Wharf. Unlike other Australian capital cities, Melbourne did not originate under official auspices, instead owing its origins to non-indigenous settlers from Tasmania. Having been a province of New South Wales from its establishment in 1835, affairs of the settlement had been administered by the Parliament of New South Wales. With the growth of the settlement there had been an increasing demand by the inhabitants for greater autonomy over their own affairs. On 12 August 1842, Melbourne was incorporated as a "town" by Act 6 Victoria No. 7 of the Governor and Legislative Council of New South Wales. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <p> country <o> Poland <s> Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <p> capital <o> Luborzyca <s> Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Koniusza <s> Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Michałowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <p> instance of <o> rural municipality of Poland <s> Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków County <s> Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Słomniki <s> Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Iwanowice <s> Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Kraków <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> human <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> Kraków <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> honorary citizenship <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Kraków <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Kraków <p> category's main topic <o> honorary citizen of Kraków <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Kraków <p> list related to category <o> list of honorary citizens of Kraków, Poland <s> Category:Honorary citizens of Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> award winner <s> economy of Kraków <p> country <o> Poland <s> economy of Kraków <p> instance of <o> regional economy <s> economy of Kraków <p> location <o> Kraków <s> economy of Kraków <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Economy of Kraków <s> Gmina Skawina <p> capital <o> Skawina <s> Gmina Skawina <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Gmina Skawina <p> country <o> Poland <s> Gmina Skawina <p> different from <o> Skawina <s> Gmina Skawina <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Czernichów <s> Gmina Skawina <p> instance of <o> urban-rural municipality of Poland <s> Gmina Skawina <p> twinned administrative body <o> Civitanova Marche <s> Gmina Skawina <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Mogilany <s> Gmina Skawina <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Myślenice <s> Gmina Skawina <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Sułkowice <s> Gmina Skawina <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Kalwaria Zebrzydowska <s> Gmina Skawina <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Brzeźnica, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Gmina Skawina <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków County <s> Gmina Skawina <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Liszki <s> Gmina Skawina <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Lanckorona <s> Gmina Skawina <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gmina Skawina <s> Gmina Świątniki Górne <p> country <o> Poland <s> Gmina Świątniki Górne <p> instance of <o> urban-rural municipality of Poland <s> Gmina Świątniki Górne <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Gmina Świątniki Górne <p> capital <o> Świątniki Górne <s> Gmina Świątniki Górne <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Mogilany <s> Gmina Świątniki Górne <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Siepraw <s> Gmina Świątniki Górne <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Wieliczka <s> Gmina Świątniki Górne <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków County <s> Gmina Świątniki Górne <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gmina Świątniki Górne <s> Gmina Liszki <p> country <o> Poland <s> Gmina Liszki <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Gmina Liszki <p> capital <o> Liszki, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Gmina Liszki <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Czernichów <s> Gmina Liszki <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków County <s> Gmina Liszki <p> different from <o> Liszki, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Gmina Liszki <p> instance of <o> rural municipality of Poland <s> Gmina Liszki <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Skawina <s> Gmina Liszki <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Zabierzów <s> Gmina Liszki <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Krzeszowice <s> Gmina Liszki <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gmina Liszki <s> Category:Kraków <p> category's main topic <o> Kraków <s> Category:Kraków <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta <p> subclass of <o> Order of Polonia Restituta <s> Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta <p> country <o> Poland <s> Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta <p> instance of <o> grade of an order <s> Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta <p> part of <o> Order of Polonia Restituta <s> Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta <p> subclass of <o> grand cross <s> Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta <p> next lower rank <o> Commander with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta <s> Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta <p> category for recipients of this award <o> Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> instance of <o> human <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> country of citizenship <o> Poland <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Polish <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> place of birth <o> Sosnowiec <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> occupation <o> teacher <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> occupation <o> politician <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> employer <o> Jagiellonian University <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> described by source <o> Obalky knih.cz <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> given name <o> Jacek <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> occupation <o> historian <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> educated at <o> Jagiellonian University <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> academic degree <o> Doctor of Juridical Science <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> position held <o> Mayor of Kraków <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> award received <o> Knight of the Legion of Honour <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> doctoral student <o> Jacek Kloczkowski <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> member of <o> Polish Historical Society <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> family name <o> Majchrowski <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> member of political party <o> Polish United Workers' Party <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> member of political party <o> miscellaneous left <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> member of political party <o> Democratic Left Alliance <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> given name <o> Maria <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> award received <o> Commander with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> award received <o> Commander of the Order of Polonia Restituta <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> award received <o> Officer of the Order of Polonia Restituta <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> award received <o> Officer of the Order of Saint-Charles <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> award received <o> Officer's Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> award received <o> Great Silver Medal of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> award received <o> Brązowy Medal „Za Zasługi dla Policji” <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> award received <o> Odznaka Honorowa za Zasługi dla Samorządu Terytorialnego <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> award received <o> Silver Medal for Merit in Fire Protection <s> Jacek Majchrowski <p> award received <o> Silver Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis <s> Kraków City Council <p> country <o> Poland <s> Kraków City Council <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków <s> Kraków City Council <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Kraków <s> Kraków City Council <p> instance of <o> city council <s> Kraków City Council <p> part of <o> Urząd Miasta Krakowa </Graph>

<Text> :Gmina Kocmyrzow-Luborzyca is a rural gmina in Krakow County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Luborzyca, which lies approximately 16 kilometres north-east of the regional capital Krakow. Gmina Kocmyrzow-Luborzyca contains the villages and settlements of Baranowka, Czulice, Dojazdow, Gleboka, Goszcza, Goszyce, Kocmyrzow, Krzysztoforzyce, Lososkowice, Luborzyca, Luczyce, Maciejowice, Marszowice, Pietrzejowice, Prusy, Rawalowice, Sadowie, Skrzeszowice, Sulechow, Wiktorowice, Wilkow, Wola Luborzycka, Wysiolek Luborzycki and Zastow. Krakow , also seen spelled Cracow or absent Polish diacritics as Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Krakow was the official capital of Poland until 1596 and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, economic, cultural and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Old Town with Wawel Royal Castle was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, one of the world's first sites granted the status. The city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second-most-important city. It began as a hamlet on Wawel Hill and was reported by Ibrahim ibn Yaqub, a 10th-century merchant from Cordoba, as a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 985. With the establishment of new universities and cultural venues at the emergence of the Second Polish Republic in 1918 and throughout the 20th century, Krakow reaffirmed its role as a major national academic and artistic centre. As of 2023, the city has a population of 804,237, with approximately 8 million additional people living within a 100 km radius of its main square. After the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany at the start of World War II, the newly defined Distrikt Krakau became the capital of Germany's General Government. The Jewish population of the city was forced into a walled zone known as the Krakow Ghetto, from where they were sent to Nazi extermination camps such as the nearby Auschwitz, and Nazi concentration camps like Plaszow. However, the city was spared from destruction and major bombing. In 1978, Karol Wojtyla, archbishop of Krakow, was elevated to the papacy as Pope John Paul II--the first non-Italian pope in 455 years. Also that year, UNESCO approved Krakow's entire Old Town and historic centre and the nearby Wieliczka Salt Mine as Poland's first World Heritage Sites. Krakow is classified as a global city with the ranking of "high sufficiency" by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Its extensive cultural heritage across the epochs of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architecture includes Wawel Cathedral and Wawel Royal Castle on the banks of the Vistula, St. Mary's Basilica, Saints Peter and Paul Church and the largest medieval market square in Europe, Rynek Glowny. Krakow is home to Jagiellonian University, one of the oldest universities in the world and traditionally Poland's most reputable institution of higher learning. The city also hosts a number of institutions of national significance such as the National Museum, Krakow Opera, Juliusz Slowacki Theatre, National Stary Theatre and the Jagiellonian Library. The city is served by John Paul II International Airport, the country's second busiest airport and the most important international airport for the inhabitants of south-eastern Poland. Gmina Skawina is an urban-rural gmina in Krakow County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Skawina, which lies approximately 12 kilometres south-west of the regional capital Krakow. The gmina covers an area of 100.15 square kilometres , and as of 2006 its total population is 41,445 . Apart from the town of Skawina, Gmina Skawina contains the villages and settlements of Borek Szlachecki, Facimiech, Goluchowice, Grabie, Jaskowice, Jurczyce, Kopanka, Krzecin, Ochodza, Polanka Hallera, Pozowice, Radziszow, Rzozow, Wielkie Drogi, Wola Radziszowska and Zelczyna. Gmina Swiatniki Gorne is an urban-rural gmina in Krakow County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Swiatniki Gorne, which lies approximately 15 kilometres south of the regional capital Krakow. The gmina covers an area of 20.17 square kilometres , and as of 2006 its total population is 8,619 . Gmina Liszki is a rural gmina in Krakow County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Liszki, which lies approximately 13 kilometres west of the regional capital Krakow. The Order of Polonia Restituta is a Polish state order established 4 February 1921. It is conferred on both military and civilians as well as on foreigners for outstanding achievements in the fields of education, science, sport, culture, art, economics, national defense, social work, civil service, or for furthering good relations between countries. It is Poland's second-highest civilian state award in the order of precedence, behind the Order of the White Eagle. The Order of Polonia Restituta is sometimes regarded as Poland's successor to the Order of the Knights of Saint Stanislaus, Bishop and Martyr, known as the Order of Saint Stanislaus, established in 1765 by Stanislaw August Poniatowski, the last King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, to honor supporters of the Polish crown. When Poland regained its independence from the German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Russian Empire in 1918, the new Polish government abolished the activities of the Order of Saint Stanislaus in the country, due to the claimed abuses of its initial rules by the Russians, who often awarded their version to those who - according to the dominant view in newly independent Poland - had been responsible for the destruction of Poland and Polish culture. Instead, the Order of Polonia Restituta was established on 4 February 1921 with Marshal Jozef Pilsudski as first Grand Master, with the proclaimed aim of once again rewarding the noble values that it originally stood for. The Marshal awarded the first recipients on 13 July 1921. The order became Poland's main honour bestowed on foreigners, awarded by the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Jacek Maria Majchrowski is a Polish politician, lawyer, historian, professor at the Jagiellonian University, and the current mayor of Krakow since 2002; making him the longest serving mayor in the history of the city, and the only one who was elected by the townspeople five times in a row. Majchrowski was born on 13 January 1947 in Sosnowiec. He became a member of the Democratic Left Alliance, a major left-wing Polish political party, but suspended his membership for the duration of his mayorship in Krakow. He has written 14 history books, specializing mostly in the history of Polish political thought and doctrines. On 7 December 2015, he became co-president of the Council of European Municipalities and Regions. The Krakow City Council is the governing body of Krakow. The council has forty-three elected members elected every five years in an election by city voters through a secret ballot. The election of City Council and the local head of government, which takes place at the same time, is based on legislation introduced on 20 June 2002. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Ioannes Paulus II in Poland <p> destination point <o> Poland <s> Ioannes Paulus II in Poland <p> instance of <o> pastoral visit <s> Ioannes Paulus II in Poland <p> country <o> Vatican City <s> Ioannes Paulus II in Poland <p> location <o> Warsaw <s> Ioannes Paulus II in Poland <p> participant <o> John Paul II <s> Ioannes Paulus II in Poland <p> part of <o> list of pastoral visits of Pope John Paul II outside Italy <s> Ioannes Paulus II in Poland <p> start point <o> Rome Ciampino <s> Ioannes Paulus II in Poland <p> country <o> Vatican City <s> Ioannes Paulus II in Poland <p> participant <o> John Paul II <s> Ioannes Paulus II in Poland <p> location <o> Gdańsk <s> Ioannes Paulus II in Poland <p> instance of <o> pastoral visit <s> Ioannes Paulus II in Poland <p> part of <o> list of pastoral visits of Pope John Paul II outside Italy <s> Ioannes Paulus II in Poland <p> start point <o> Rome Ciampino <s> Siege of Kraków <p> location <o> Kraków <s> Siege of Kraków <p> participant <o> Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth <s> Siege of Kraków <p> part of <o> War of the Polish Succession <s> Siege of Kraków <p> instance of <o> battle <s> Siege of Kraków <p> instance of <o> siege <s> Category:Births in Kraków <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Births in Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> Kraków <s> Category:Births in Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> place of birth <s> Category:Births in Kraków <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Births in Kraków <p> opposite of <o> Category:Deaths in Kraków <s> European City of the Trees <p> instance of <o> award <s> European City of the Trees <p> conferred by <o> European Arboricultural Council <s> European City of the Trees <p> continent <o> Europe <s> Gmina Niepołomice <p> country <o> Poland <s> Gmina Niepołomice <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <s> Gmina Niepołomice <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Biskupice <s> Gmina Niepołomice <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Kłaj <s> Gmina Niepołomice <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Gmina Niepołomice <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Drwinia <s> Gmina Niepołomice <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Gdów <s> Gmina Niepołomice <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Wieliczka <s> Gmina Niepołomice <p> instance of <o> urban-rural municipality of Poland <s> Gmina Niepołomice <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Wieliczka County <s> Gmina Niepołomice <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gmina Niepołomice <s> Gmina Niepołomice <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Gmina Niepołomice <s> Gmina Mogilany <p> country <o> Poland <s> Gmina Mogilany <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Gmina Mogilany <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gmina Mogilany <s> Gmina Mogilany <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Skawina <s> Gmina Mogilany <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków County <s> Gmina Mogilany <p> capital <o> Mogilany <s> Gmina Mogilany <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sásd <s> Gmina Mogilany <p> instance of <o> rural municipality of Poland <s> Gmina Mogilany <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Myślenice <s> Gmina Mogilany <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Siepraw <s> Gmina Mogilany <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Świątniki Górne <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> country <o> Poland <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> twinned administrative body <o> Bergkamen <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> capital <o> Wieliczka <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> different from <o> Wieliczka <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Dobczyce <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Biskupice <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> instance of <o> urban-rural municipality of Poland <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Wieliczka County <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Siepraw <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Świątniki Górne <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Gdów <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Niepołomice <s> Gmina Wieliczka <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gmina Wieliczka <s> Gmina Michałowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> country <o> Poland <s> Gmina Michałowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Gmina Michałowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> instance of <o> rural municipality of Poland <s> Gmina Michałowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Iwanowice <s> Gmina Michałowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Kocmyrzów-Luborzyca <s> Gmina Michałowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Zielonki <s> Gmina Michałowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> capital <o> Michałowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Gmina Michałowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gmina Michałowice <s> Gmina Michałowice, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków County <s> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <p> shares border with <o> Kraków <s> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <p> country <o> Poland <s> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Koniusza <s> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Proszowice <s> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Drwinia <s> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Nowe Brzesko <s> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <p> shares border with <o> Gmina Niepołomice <s> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <p> capital <o> Wawrzeńczyce, Lesser Poland Voivodeship <s> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Kraków County <s> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <p> instance of <o> rural municipality of Poland <s> Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Gmina Igołomia-Wawrzeńczyce </Graph>

<Text> :The siege of Krakow was one of the battles during the Swedish invasion of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth . It started on 25 September 1655 and ended on 13 October 1655. Capitulation treatment was signed 4 days later. Polish troops marched out the city on 19 October. The city's defense was led by Kiev's castellan Stefan Czarniecki, while Swedish forces were commanded by king Charles Gustav and Arvid Wittenberg. On August 2, 1655, when news of Swedish victories reached the city, the mayor of Krakow, Andrzej Cieniowicz, urged residents to organize defence of the ancient Polish capital. He also collected taxes for employment of 1,000-strong infantry unit. The garrison of Krakow was ordered to watch the city walls and control foreigners, especially Germans, who resided in the city. Furthermore, works on the fortifications were initiated under city engineer Izydor Affaita, and Krzysztof Mieroszewski of the local nobility. To cover the cost of the works, queen Marie Louise Gonzaga handed over some of her jewelry. On August 27, Bishop of Krakow Piotr Gembicki urged residents to pledge allegiance to the king and to defend the city. The bishop paid for 300 soldiers, who strengthened the garrison, while city council created armed militia, which consisted of students and other residents. On September 19, King Jan Kazimierz came to Krakow, after the lost Battle of Zarnow. The king brought a few thousand soldiers and levee en masse, but the morale of his army was low. Several members of the nobility abandoned the king, while the army, concentrated at Pradnik, organized itself into a confederation, demanding money and renouncing Hetman, Stanislaw Lanckoronski. On September 20, the Council of the Senate had a meeting, in which allegiance to the king was confirmed. Soon after the meeting, the queen, together with Primate Andrzej Leszczynski left the city. European City of the Trees is the title and award given by the European Arboricultural Council. The award is given annually to a town or city by the council in recognition of its care for trees in its urban area. Gmina Niepolomice is an urban-rural gmina in Wieliczka County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Niepolomice, which lies approximately 12 kilometres north-east of Wieliczka and 21 km east of the regional capital Krakow. The gmina covers an area of 95.1 square kilometres , and as of 2006 its total population is 22,168 . Apart from the town of Niepolomice, Gmina Niepolomice contains the villages and settlements of Chobot, Ochmanow, Podleze, Slomirog, Staniatki, Suchoraba, Wola Batorska, Wola Zabierzowska, Zagorze, Zakrzow and Zakrzowiec. Gmina Mogilany is a rural gmina in Krakow County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Mogilany, which lies approximately 15 kilometres south of the regional capital Krakow. Gmina Wieliczka is an urban-rural gmina in Wieliczka County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Wieliczka, which lies approximately 13 kilometres south-east of the regional capital Krakow. The gmina covers an area of 100.1 square kilometres , and as of 2006, its total population is 48,254 . Apart from the town of Wieliczka, Gmina Wieliczka contains the villages and settlements of Brzegi, Byszyce, Choragwica, Czarnochowice, Dobranowice, Golkowice, Gorzkow, Grabie, Grabowki, Grajow, Jankowka, Janowice, Kokotow, Kozmice Male, Kozmice Wielkie, Lednica Gorna, Mala Wies, Mietniow, Pawlikowice, Podstolice, Raciborsko, Roznowa, Siercza, Sledziejowice, Strumiany, Sulkow, Sygneczow, Wegrzce Wielkie and Zabawa. Gmina Michalowice is a rural gmina in Krakow County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Michalowice, which lies approximately 12 kilometres north of the regional capital Krakow. Gmina Michalowice contains the villages and settlements of Firlejow, Gorna Wies, Konczyce, Kozierow, Ksiazniczki, Maslomiaca, Michalowice, Mlodziejowice, Pielgrzymowice, Prawda, Raciborowice, Sieborowice, Wieclawice Dworskie, Wilczkowice, Wola Wieclawska, Zagorzyce Dworskie, Zdzieslawice and Zerwana. Gmina Igolomia-Wawrzenczyce is a rural gmina in Krakow County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the village of Wawrzenczyce, which lies approximately 29 kilometres east of the regional capital Krakow. Gmina Igolomia-Wawrzenczyce contains the villages and settlements of Dobranowice, Igolomia, Kozlica, Odwisle, Pobiednik Maly, Pobiednik Wielki, Rudno Gorne, Stregoborzyce, Tropiszow, Wawrzenczyce, Wygnanow, Zlotniki, Zofipole and Zydow. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:Deaths in Kraków <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> Kraków <s> Category:Deaths in Kraków <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Kraków <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Kraków <p> opposite of <o> Category:Births in Kraków <s> Category:Fiumicino <p> category's main topic <o> Fiumicino <s> Category:Fiumicino <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Hippolytus <p> copyright status as a creator <o> copyrights on works have expired <s> Hippolytus <p> feast day <o> August 13 <s> Hippolytus <p> instance of <o> human <s> Hippolytus <p> time period <o> Roman Empire <s> Hippolytus <p> given name <o> Hippolytus <s> Hippolytus <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Ancient Greek <s> Hippolytus <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> Hippolytus <p> student of <o> Irenaeus <s> Hippolytus <p> place of birth <o> Rome <s> Hippolytus <p> place of death <o> Sardinia <s> Hippolytus <p> religion or worldview <o> Catholic Church <s> Hippolytus <p> country of citizenship <o> Ancient Rome <s> Hippolytus <p> occupation <o> theologian <s> Hippolytus <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Hippolytus <p> described by source <o> Obalky knih.cz <s> Hippolytus <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Hippolytus <p> different from <o> Pseudo-Hippolytus <s> Hippolytus <p> occupation <o> writer <s> Hippolytus <p> described by source <o> De viris illustribus <s> Hippolytus <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Hippolytus <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Hippolytus <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Hippolytus <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Hippolytus <p> position held <o> antipope <s> Hippolytus <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Hippolytus <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Saint Hippolytus <s> Hippolytus <p> occupation <o> Catholic bishop <s> mayor of Fiumicino <p> subclass of <o> mayor of a place in Lazio <s> mayor of Fiumicino <p> country <o> Italy <s> mayor of Fiumicino <p> has list <o> list of mayors of Fiumicino <s> mayor of Fiumicino <p> instance of <o> public office <s> mayor of Fiumicino <p> applies to jurisdiction <o> Fiumicino <s> Circoscrizione XIV <p> country <o> Italy <s> Circoscrizione XIV <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Rome <s> Circoscrizione XIV <p> instance of <o> municipio of Rome <s> Circoscrizione XIV <p> instance of <o> former administrative territorial entity <s> Circoscrizione XIV <p> replaced by <o> Fiumicino <s> Circoscrizione XIV <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Circoscrizione XIV <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Category:People from Fiumicino <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Fiumicino <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Fiumicino <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:People from Fiumicino <p> category combines topics <o> Fiumicino <s> Huai'an <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Huai'an <s> Huai'an <p> country <o> People's Republic of China <s> Huai'an <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+08:00 <s> Huai'an <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Huai'an <s> Huai'an <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Huai'an <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Vénissieux <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Fiumicino <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Province of Lucca <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Gomel <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cuenca <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wanju County <s> Huai'an <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Jiangsu <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beersheba <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Płock <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pernik <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Magnitogorsk <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kashiwazaki <s> Huai'an <p> instance of <o> prefecture-level city <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sassnitz <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kolpino <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yorba Linda <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Milton Keynes <s> Huai'an <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Huai'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Huai'an District <s> Huai'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Huaiyin District <s> Huai'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Lianshui County <s> Huai'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Xuyi County <s> Huai'an <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Huai'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Jinhu County <s> Huai'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Hongze District <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> St. Thomas <s> Huai'an <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Qingjiangpu District <s> Huai'an <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kibichūō <s> Ladispoli <p> seismic classification <o> 3B <s> Ladispoli <p> country <o> Italy <s> Ladispoli <p> shares border with <o> Fiumicino <s> Ladispoli <p> capital <o> Ladispoli <s> Ladispoli <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Ladispoli <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Ladispoli <p> shares border with <o> Cerveteri <s> Ladispoli <p> patron saint <o> Joseph <s> Ladispoli <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Metropolitan City of Rome <s> Ladispoli <p> instance of <o> commune of Italy <s> Ladispoli <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ladispoli <s> Ladispoli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Łeba <s> Ladispoli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Castroville <s> Ladispoli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Malle <s> Ladispoli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Benicarló <s> Ladispoli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Heusenstamm <s> Ladispoli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Teteven <s> Ladispoli <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint-Savin <s> Ladispoli <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Category:People from Monte Compatri <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Monte Compatri <p> category combines topics <o> Monte Compatri <s> Category:People from Monte Compatri <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:People from Monte Compatri <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Calahorra <p> country <o> Spain <s> Calahorra <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> La Rioja <s> Calahorra <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Calahorra <p> twinned administrative body <o> Monte Compatri <s> Calahorra <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Calahorra <p> shares border with <o> Quel, La Rioja <s> Calahorra <p> shares border with <o> Autol <s> Calahorra <p> shares border with <o> San Adrián <s> Calahorra <p> twinned administrative body <o> Caussade <s> Calahorra <p> shares border with <o> Aldeanueva de Ebro <s> Calahorra <p> shares border with <o> Andosilla <s> Calahorra <p> shares border with <o> Azagra <s> Calahorra <p> shares border with <o> Sartaguda <s> Calahorra <p> described by source <o> Paulys Realenzyklopädie der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft <s> Calahorra <p> shares border with <o> Pradejón <s> Calahorra <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Calahorra <p> head of government <o> Francisco Javier Pagola Saenz <s> Calahorra <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Calahorra <s> Calahorra <p> instance of <o> municipality of La Rioja <s> Calahorra <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Calahorra <s> Calahorra <p> capital <o> Calahorra (municipal capital) <s> Calahorra <p> part of <o> Red de Juderías de España <s> Calahorra <p> described by source <o> Real'nyj slovar' klassicheskih drevnostej po Ljubkeru <s> Calahorra <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Calahorra <s> Calahorra <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Calahorra <s> Calahorra <p> partially coincident with <o> Calagurris <s> Calahorra <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Calahorra </Graph>

<Text> :Huai'an, formerly Huaiyin, is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu Province in Eastern China. As of 2020, the built-up area of its 3 central urban districts had 2,544,767 inhabitants and the prefecture-level city as a whole had 4,556,230 inhabitants, down from 4.8 million in 2010. Long an important regional center, Huai'an lies on and is named for the Huai River, the historical boundary between Northern and Southern Chinese culture. Once much closer to the East China Sea, it now lies in the middle of Jianghuai, the vast alluvial plain created by silt from the Huai and from the Yellow River, which flowed nearby for centuries prior to the massive floods in the mid-19th century which returned it to its old course north of Shandong. Huai'an is known as the birthplace of Han Xin, a famed general who helped found the Han dynasty and overwhelm Xiang Yu in Chu-han contention; Wu Cheng'en , the Ming author of Journey to the West; and Zhou Enlai , a prominent and early Chinese Communist leader who served as premier of the PRC from 1949 until his death in 1976. Huai'an is the atonal pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese name Huai An , the name of the River Huai and the Chinese word for "peaceful" or "pacified". The apostrophe is necessary because the second character begins with a vowel and pinyin generally avoids hyphens. The same name was previously romanized as Huai-an in Wade-Giles. For much of the 20th century, Huai'an was officially known as Huaiyin in pinyin, Huai-yin in Wade-Giles, and Hwaiyin in Postal Map, all romanizing the Chinese name written Huai Yin in traditional characters and Huai Yin in simplified ones, meaning "area on the yin, shady, or south bank of the Huai". Alsium was destroyed in the 6th century AD, during the Gothic War, by the Ostrogoths led by Totila. Later a castle, named Palo, was built in the area: it was a fief of the Orsini and, from 1693, of the Odescalchi family. In the late 1970s and until the early 1990s, parts of Ladispoli were popular with Soviet emigrants seeking political and/or religious asylum in Western countries . This proved to be a boon for the city's economy, as they rented apartments while awaiting their entry visas to those countries, usually for a period of two months to a year . The impact was most profound during off-season, when many apartments would otherwise sit idle and city life would enter a hiatus. The experience of Jews from the former USSR staying in Ladispoli in the 1980s was first described in English by Maxim D. Shrayer in his literary memoir "Waiting for America" . According to ISTAT figures dated 31 December 2010, there were 7711 foreign nationals living in Ladispoli. The nationalities most represented according to their percentage of the total population were: Calahorra is a municipality in the comarca of Rioja Baja, near the border with Navarre on the right bank of the Ebro. During Ancient Roman times, Calahorra was a municipium known as Calagurris Nassica Iulia. The city is located on a hill at an altitude of 358 metres at the confluence of the Ebro and Cidacos rivers, and has an area of 91.41 km2. Calahorra is the second-largest city in La Rioja in population and importance, after the capital, Logrono. Its population is 21,060 people. It is well-connected to other cities, especially by highway. It is situated in the Ebro valley, 48 kilometres from Logrono, 120 km from Zaragoza and 180 km from Bilbao, and is connected to these cities by national highway 232, the A-68 motorway and the Bilbao-Zaragoza rail line. Rome conquered the town in 187 BC and brought it to its highest point of importance as an administrative centre for surrounding regions. Calahorra supported Quintus Sertorius in his war against Pompey, whom the city resisted successfully since 76 BC. It was only taken four years later by Pompey's legate Lucius Afranius, after a lot of inhabitants had died from starvation and there had occurred cannibalism. Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar gave the city numerous distinctions, converted it into a municipality, and developed its city planning, economy, and politics. Its archeological remains show that it had a circus, baths, an amphitheatre, and other services found in large cities. It minted money and served as a justice administration centre. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:Monte Compatri <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Monte Compatri <p> category's main topic <o> Monte Compatri <s> Category:Births in Monte Compatri <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Births in Monte Compatri <p> category combines topics <o> place of birth <s> Category:Births in Monte Compatri <p> category combines topics <o> Monte Compatri <s> Category:Births in Monte Compatri <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Monte Porzio Catone <p> country <o> Italy <s> Monte Porzio Catone <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Monte Porzio Catone <s> Monte Porzio Catone <p> capital of <o> Monte Porzio Catone <s> Monte Porzio Catone <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Monte Porzio Catone <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Monte Porzio Catone <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> country <o> France <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Alpes-de-Haute-Provence <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> instance of <o> commune of France <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> arrondissement of Forcalquier <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> shares border with <o> Dauphin <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> shares border with <o> Saint-Martin-les-Eaux <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> shares border with <o> Aubenas-les-Alpes <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> shares border with <o> Mane <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> associated electoral district <o> canton of Reillanne <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> shares border with <o> Revest-des-Brousses <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> shares border with <o> Reillanne <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> twinned administrative body <o> Monte Porzio Catone <s> Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire <p> shares border with <o> Villemus <s> Category:Deaths in Monte Porzio Catone <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Monte Porzio Catone <p> category combines topics <o> Monte Porzio Catone <s> Category:Deaths in Monte Porzio Catone <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Monte Porzio Catone <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Monte Porzio Catone <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Monte Porzio Catone <p> category's main topic <o> Monte Porzio Catone <s> Antoninus of Apamea <p> instance of <o> human <s> Antoninus of Apamea <p> place of birth <o> Syria <s> Antoninus of Apamea <p> feast day <o> September 2 <s> Antoninus of Apamea <p> time period <o> Roman Empire <s> Antoninus of Apamea <p> occupation <o> stonemason <s> Antoninus of Apamea <p> given name <o> Antonino <s> Antoninus of Apamea <p> place of death <o> Apamea <s> Antoninus of Apamea <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Antoninus of Apamea <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Antoninus of Apamea <s> Antoninus of Apamea <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> Antoninus of Apamea <p> subject has role <o> martyr <s> Castel San Pietro Romano <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Castel San Pietro Romano <s> Castel San Pietro Romano <p> country <o> Italy <s> Castel San Pietro Romano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Castel San Pietro Romano <p> instance of <o> municipality seat <s> Castel San Pietro Romano <p> capital of <o> Castel San Pietro Romano <s> Castel San Pietro Romano <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Roch <p> instance of <o> human <s> Roch <p> domain of saint or deity <o> plague <s> Roch <p> feast day <o> August 16 <s> Roch <p> place of birth <o> Montpellier <s> Roch <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Roch <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Roch <p> described by source <o> Obalky knih.cz <s> Roch <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Roch <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Old Occitan <s> Roch <p> family name <o> Roch <s> Roch <p> religion or worldview <o> Catholic Church <s> Roch <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> Roch <p> canonization status <o> thaumaturge <s> Roch <p> place of death <o> Montpellier <s> Roch <p> place of death <o> Voghera <s> Roch <p> domain of saint or deity <o> pilgrim <s> Roch <p> given name <o> Roch <s> Roch <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Saint Roch <s> Roch <p> religious order <o> Third Order of Saint Francis <s> Roch <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Category:Castel San Pietro Romano <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Castel San Pietro Romano <p> category's main topic <o> Castel San Pietro Romano </Graph>

<Text> :Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France. It was the death place of 18th-century botanist Jean-Paul de Rome d'Ardene and Taos Amrouche, the French-speaking Algerian writer, singer of Kabyle music, and activist for women's causes. Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire is the "host town" of the Haute-Provence Observatory, a nationally ranked facility. It is considered, by many astronomers, to be the best European low-altitude observatory in operation. There is also an astronomy center for educational purposes. It hosts students of elementary schools for brief stays during the year and organizes theme nights of combined sky observations and expositions/debates on different themes. The village is located in the Regional Natural Park of Luberon. The town is one of the seventy-seven Member States of the Regional Natural Park of the Luberon Park, which extends from Cavaillon in the west to the east Durance, two departments and eighty-five towns and 185,145 hectares. To the south, it overlooks the Luberon Durance basin and the county of Aigues. Castel San Pietro Romano is a comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome in the Italian region of Latium, located about 35 kilometres east of Rome. In 2017, it had a population of 883. Roch , also called Rock in English, was a Majorcan Catholic confessor whose death is commemorated on 16 August and 9 September in Italy; he was especially invoked against the plague. He has the designation of Rollox in Glasgow, Scotland, said to be a corruption of Roch's Loch, which referred to a small loch once near a chapel dedicated to Roch in 1506. He is a patron saint of dogs, invalids, falsely accused people, bachelors, and several other things. He is the patron saint of Dolo and Parma, as well as Casamassima, Cisterna di Latina and Palagiano . He is also the patron saint of the town of Albanchez, in Almeria, southern Spain. Saint Roch is known as "Sao Roque" in Portuguese, as "Sant Roc" in Catalan, as "San Roque" in Spanish and as "San Rocco" in Italian. The chronology of the Saint's life is uncertain and full of legendary elements. According to his Acta and his vita in the Golden Legend, he was born at Montpellier, at that time "upon the border of France," as the Golden Legend has it, the son of the noble governor of that city. His birth was accounted a miracle, for his noble mother had been barren until she prayed to the Virgin Mary. Miraculously marked from birth with a red cross on his breast that grew as he did, he early began to manifest strict asceticism and great devoutness; on days when his "devout mother fasted twice in the week, and the blessed child Rocke abstained him twice also when his mother fasted in the week and would suck his mother but once that day." </Text>

<Graph> : <s> former municipality <p> subclass of <o> municipality <s> former municipality <p> subclass of <o> former administrative territorial entity <s> former municipality <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Former municipalities <s> Category:Former municipalities of Italy <p> category combines topics <o> Italy <s> Category:Former municipalities of Italy <p> category combines topics <o> municipality <s> Category:Former municipalities of Italy <p> category combines topics <o> date of dissolution, abolition or demolition <s> Category:Former municipalities of Italy <p> category combines topics <o> former entity <s> Category:Former municipalities of Italy <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Former municipalities of Italy <p> category's main topic <o> abolished municipality in Italy <s> Singen <p> country <o> Germany <s> Singen <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Singen (Hohentwiel) <s> Singen <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Singen <s> Singen <p> twinned administrative body <o> Celje <s> Singen <p> twinned administrative body <o> Schaffhausen <s> Singen <p> capital of <o> Singen (Hohentwiel) VVG <s> Singen <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Singen <p> shares border with <o> Moos <s> Singen <p> twinned administrative body <o> La Ciotat <s> Singen <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Singen <s> Singen <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pomezia <s> Singen <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Singen <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kobeliaky <s> Singen <p> shares border with <o> Öhningen <s> Singen <p> instance of <o> urban municipality in Germany <s> Singen <p> instance of <o> Greater district town in Baden-Württemberg <s> Singen <p> member of <o> Kommunale Informationsverarbeitung Baden-Franken <s> Singen <p> head of government <o> Bernd Häusler <s> Singen <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Singen (Hohentwiel) VVG <s> Singen <p> member of <o> Zweckverband 4IT <s> Singen <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Singen (Hohentwiel) <s> Çanakkale <p> capital of <o> Çanakkale Province <s> Çanakkale <p> country <o> Turkey <s> Çanakkale <p> instance of <o> city <s> Çanakkale <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Çanakkale <s> Çanakkale <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Dardanelles <s> Çanakkale <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Aegean Sea <s> Çanakkale <p> instance of <o> municipality <s> Çanakkale <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Çanakkale <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Çanakkale <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wellington City <s> Çanakkale <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Çanakkale <s> Çanakkale <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pardubice <s> Çanakkale <p> part of <o> Southern Marmara <s> Çanakkale <p> twinned administrative body <o> Osnabrück <s> Çanakkale <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 8 <s> Çanakkale <p> instance of <o> district of Turkey <s> Çanakkale <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Çanakkale Province <s> Çanakkale <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Çanakkale <s> Çanakkale <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Çanakkale <s> Çanakkale <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Çanakkale <s> Çanakkale <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pomezia <s> Itápolis <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Itápolis <s> Itápolis <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Itápolis <s> Itápolis <p> country <o> Brazil <s> Itápolis <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> São Paulo <s> Itápolis <p> shares border with <o> Borborema <s> Itápolis <p> shares border with <o> Taquaritinga <s> Itápolis <p> shares border with <o> Fernando Prestes <s> Itápolis <p> twinned administrative body <o> Pomezia <s> Itápolis <p> shares border with <o> Tabatinga <s> Itápolis <p> shares border with <o> Ibitinga <s> Itápolis <p> shares border with <o> Itajobi <s> Itápolis <p> shares border with <o> Matão <s> Itápolis <p> shares border with <o> Santa Adélia <s> Itápolis <p> instance of <o> municipality of Brazil <s> Category:People of Pomezia <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People of Pomezia <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:People of Pomezia <p> category combines topics <o> Pomezia <s> Category:People of Pomezia <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Pomezia <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Pomezia <p> category's main topic <o> Pomezia <s> South America <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Southern Hemisphere <s> South America <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Northern Hemisphere <s> South America <p> part of <o> Earth <s> South America <p> highest point <o> Aconcagua <s> South America <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:List of articles all languages should have <s> South America <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Uruguay <s> South America <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> South America <p> history of topic <o> history of South America <s> South America <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> South America <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> South America <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> South America <p> geography of topic <o> geography of South America <s> South America <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Brazil <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Uruguay <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Brazil <s> South America <p> economy of topic <o> economy of South America <s> South America <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of South America <s> South America <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of South America <s> South America <p> bibliography <o> bibliography of South America <s> South America <p> topic's main template <o> Template:Countries of South America <s> South America <p> shares border with <o> North America <s> South America <p> topic's main category <o> Category:South America <s> South America <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Chile <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Caribbean <s> South America <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Malvinas Islands <s> South America <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:South America <s> South America <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Atlantic Ocean <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Chile <s> South America <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Pacific Ocean <s> South America <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> South America <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in South America <s> South America <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Peru <s> South America <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in South America <s> South America <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Argentina <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Argentina <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Peru <s> South America <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in South America <s> South America <p> Wikimedia outline <o> outline of South America <s> South America <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Venezuela <s> South America <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> South America <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in South America <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Venezuela <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Suriname <s> South America <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Paraguay <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Paraguay <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Guyana <s> South America <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Guyana <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Ecuador <s> South America <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Ecuador <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Colombia <s> South America <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Colombia <s> South America <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bolivia <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> Bolivia <s> South America <p> part of <o> Americas <s> South America <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Trinidad and Tobago <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> French Guiana <s> South America <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Caribbean Sea <s> South America <p> instance of <o> continent <s> South America <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−06:00 <s> South America <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−05:00 <s> South America <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−03:00 <s> South America <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−02:00 <s> South America <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−04:00 <s> South America <p> part of <o> Latin America <s> South America <p> has part(s) <o> South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands <s> South America <p> shares border with <o> Central America <s> South America <p> instance of <o> geographic region <s> South America <p> instance of <o> subcontinent <s> South America <p> instance of <o> statistical territorial entity <s> South America <p> shares border with <o> Continental Central America <s> UTC−03:00 <p> instance of <o> time zone named for a UTC offset <s> Category:Maps of Brasília <p> category combines topics <o> Brasília <s> Category:Maps of Brasília <p> category combines topics <o> map <s> Category:Maps of Brasília <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category </Graph>

<Text> :Singen is notable in military history for the Singen route in World War II. This route into Switzerland was discovered by Dutch naval lieutenant Hans Larive in late 1940 on his first escape attempt from an Oflag in Soest. After being captured at the Swiss border near Singen, the interrogating Gestapo officer was so confident the war would soon be won by Germany that he told Larive the safe way across the border. The officer described how someone could walk to the 'Ramsen salient', where the Swiss border juts into German territory. Larive did not forget and many prisoners later escaped using this route, including Larive himself, Francis Steinmetz, Anthony Luteyn, Airey Neave, Pat Reid and Howard Wardle in their escapes from Colditz Castle when Colditz was used in the war as Oflag IV-C. Singen is an important regional train hub. It is the terminal of the Gau Railway and an intermediate stop on the High Rhine Railway, with connections to Stuttgart and the Swiss town of Schaffhausen. It is also the terminal of the heritage railway to Etzwilen. Between 1913 and 1966, Singen was also the terminal of the now dismantled Randen Railway to Beuren-Busslingen. Canakkale , formerly known in English as Dardanelles , is a city and seaport in Turkey on the southern shore of the Dardanelles at their narrowest point. It is the seat of Canakkale Province and Canakkale District. Its population is 143,622 . Canakkale is the nearest major urban centre to the ancient city of Troy, which is also located inside Canakkale Province. The wooden horse from the 2004 movie Troy is exhibited on the Canakkale waterfront. Today Canakkale is the main base for visits to the ruins of Troy and to the First World War cemeteries at Gallipoli. Particularly around 18 March and 25 April when there are major celebrations of the two different interpretations of the events of the war the town fills with visitors and every hotel room is likely to be booked up for months in advance. Every year Canakkale is the finishing point for a demanding swim across the Dardanelles from Eceabat. This event reproduces the swim taken by Lord Byron in 1810. Byron himself was reproducing Leander's legendary swim from Sestos to Abydos in the story of Hero and Leander. South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern subregion of the Americas. South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. The continent is generally taken to include twelve sovereign states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela; two dependent territories: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and one internal territory: French Guiana. In addition, the ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Ascension Island , Bouvet Island , Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago may also be considered parts of South America. South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers . Its population as of 2021 has been estimated at more than 434 million. South America ranks fourth in area and fifth in population . Brazil is by far the most populous South American country, with almost half of the continent's population, followed by Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela and Peru. In recent decades, Brazil has also generated half of the continent's GDP and has become the continent's first regional power. Most of the population lives near the continent's western or eastern coasts while the interior and the far south are sparsely populated. The geography of western South America is dominated by the Andes mountains; in contrast, the eastern part contains both highland regions and vast lowlands where rivers such as the Amazon, Orinoco and Parana flow. Most of the continent lies in the tropics, except for a large part of the Southern Cone located in the middle latitudes. While Ethiopia and Eritrea both officially use UTC+03:00, Ethiopian and Eritrean culture follow a time system with two 12-hour cycles for day and night, and is 6 hours "slower" than the official time. The day begins with the day cycle at sunrise till sunset, followed by the night cycle . Therefore, the people of Ethiopia and Eritrea effectively follow UTC-03:00 instead of UTC+03:00. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> economy of Brasilia <p> country <o> Brazil <s> economy of Brasilia <p> instance of <o> regional economy <s> economy of Brasilia <p> location <o> Brasília <s> economy of Brasilia <p> subclass of <o> economy of Central-West Region <s> economy of Brasilia <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Economy of Brasília <s> Fourth Brazilian Republic <p> continent <o> South America <s> Fourth Brazilian Republic <p> capital <o> Brasília <s> Fourth Brazilian Republic <p> official language <o> Portuguese <s> Fourth Brazilian Republic <p> language used <o> Portuguese <s> Fourth Brazilian Republic <p> basic form of government <o> republic <s> Fourth Brazilian Republic <p> instance of <o> historical country <s> Fourth Brazilian Republic <p> anthem <o> Brazilian National Anthem <s> Fourth Brazilian Republic <p> replaces <o> Estado Novo <s> Fourth Brazilian Republic <p> instance of <o> historical period <s> Fourth Brazilian Republic <p> replaced by <o> Brazilian military government (1964-1985) <s> Fourth Brazilian Republic <p> replaces <o> Vargas Era <s> Fourth Brazilian Republic <p> part of <o> Brasil República <s> John Bosco <p> place of death <o> Turin <s> John Bosco <p> instance of <o> human <s> John Bosco <p> languages spoken, written or signed <o> Italian <s> John Bosco <p> work location <o> Turin <s> John Bosco <p> feast day <o> January 31 <s> John Bosco <p> topic's main category <o> John Bosco <s> John Bosco <p> religion or worldview <o> Catholicism <s> John Bosco <p> writing language <o> Italian <s> John Bosco <p> country of citizenship <o> Kingdom of Italy <s> John Bosco <p> country of citizenship <o> Kingdom of Sardinia <s> John Bosco <p> given name <o> Giovanni <s> John Bosco <p> given name <o> Melchiorre <s> John Bosco <p> place of birth <o> Castelnuovo Don Bosco <s> John Bosco <p> religious order <o> Salesians of Don Bosco <s> John Bosco <p> different from <o> Sanctus Ioannes <s> John Bosco <p> occupation <o> Latin Catholic priest <s> John Bosco <p> father <o> mario conde <s> John Bosco <p> position held <o> Rector Major of the Salesians <s> John Bosco <p> canonization status <o> saint <s> John Bosco <p> award received <o> National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award <s> John Bosco <p> mother <o> Margherita Occhiena <s> John Bosco <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> John Bosco <p> described by source <o> Drobné povídky dějepisné <s> John Bosco <p> family name <o> Bosco <s> Boston <p> country <o> United States of America <s> Boston <p> different from <o> Boston <s> Boston <p> open data portal <o> Analyze Boston <s> Boston <p> economy of topic <o> economy of Boston <s> Boston <p> capital of <o> Massachusetts <s> Boston <p> lowest point <o> sea level <s> Boston <p> history of topic <o> history of Boston <s> Boston <p> history of topic <o> timeline of Boston history <s> Boston <p> Köppen climate classification <o> humid continental climate <s> Boston <p> continent <o> North America <s> Boston <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−05:00 <s> Boston <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−04:00 <s> Boston <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Boston <p> twinned administrative body <o> Padua <s> Boston <p> located in statistical territorial entity <o> Greater Boston <s> Boston <p> significant event <o> Boston Tea Party <s> Boston <p> twinned administrative body <o> Taipei <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Cambridge <s> Boston <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Boston <s> Boston <p> Wikimedia outline <o> outline of Boston <s> Boston <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Boston <s> Boston <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Boston <s> Boston <p> category of people buried here <o> Category:Burials in Boston <s> Boston <p> significant event <o> Siege of Boston <s> Boston <p> owner of <o> WBCA-LP <s> Boston <p> named after <o> Boston <s> Boston <p> twinned administrative body <o> Athens <s> Boston <p> capital of <o> Suffolk County <s> Boston <p> twinned administrative body <o> Boston <s> Boston <p> twinned administrative body <o> Barcelona <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Boston <p> located in statistical territorial entity <o> Boston–Cambridge–Newton NECTA division <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Somerville <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Milton <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Brookline <s> Boston <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Suffolk County <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Watertown <s> Boston <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brasília <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Winthrop <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Chelsea <s> Boston <p> founded by <o> John Winthrop <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Quincy <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Chestnut Hill <s> Boston <p> instance of <o> city in the United States <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Revere <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Everett <s> Boston <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sekondi-Takoradi <s> Boston <p> located in time zone <o> Eastern Time Zone <s> Boston <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kyoto <s> Boston <p> twinned administrative body <o> Haifa <s> Boston <p> located in/on physical feature <o> Shawmut Peninsula <s> Boston <p> twinned administrative body <o> Santo Domingo <s> Boston <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Boston <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hangzhou <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 13th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 10th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 11th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 14th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 12th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts Senate's Norfolk and Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 17th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 15th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> member of <o> League of Historical Cities <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> Sytin Military Encyclopedia <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Newton <s> Boston <p> highest point <o> Bellevue Hill, Boston <s> Boston <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Boston <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> The Encyclopedia Americana <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> The American Cyclopædia <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica <s> Boston <p> significant event <o> Great Molasses Flood <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Needham <s> Boston <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Charles River <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> New International Encyclopedia <s> Boston <p> twinned administrative body <o> Strasbourg <s> Boston <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Boston <s> Boston <p> twinned administrative body <o> City of Melbourne <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Greater Boston <s> Boston <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Boston <s> Boston <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Boston <s> Boston <p> legislative body <o> Boston City Council <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica Ninth Edition <s> Boston <p> has part(s) <o> Emerald Necklace <s> Boston <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Boston Harbor <s> Boston <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Mystic River <s> Boston <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Neponset River <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 2nd Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 9th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 1st Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 4th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 8th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts Senate's First Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts Senate's First Suffolk and Middlesex district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts Senate's Second Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts Senate's Second Suffolk and Middlesex district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 18th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts Senate's Middlesex and Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts Senate's Middlesex, Suffolk, and Essex district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 7th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts Senate's Suffolk and Norfolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 3rd Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 6th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> part of <o> Massachusetts House of Representatives' 5th Suffolk district <s> Boston <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Boston <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Boston <s> Boston <p> head of government <o> Michelle Wu <s> Boston <p> shares border with <o> Dedham <s> Boston <p> flag <o> flag of Boston <s> Federal District <p> continent <o> South America <s> Federal District <p> country <o> Brazil <s> Federal District <p> said to be the same as <o> Brasília <s> Federal District <p> capital <o> Brasília <s> Federal District <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Brazil <s> Federal District <p> shares border with <o> Minas Gerais <s> Federal District <p> shares border with <o> Goiás <s> Federal District <p> instance of <o> capital district or territory <s> Federal District <p> located in time zone <o> UTC−03:00 <s> Federal District <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Federal District (Brazil) <s> Federal District <p> highest point <o> Pico do Roncador <s> Federal District <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Distrito Federal (Brazil) <s> Federal District <p> instance of <o> federal district of Brazil <s> Federal District <p> located in time zone <o> America/Sao_Paulo <s> Federal District <p> topic's main Wikimedia portal <o> Portal:Federal District (Brazil) <s> Federal District <p> head of government <o> Ibaneis Rocha <s> Federal District <p> office held by head of government <o> Governor of the Federal District <s> Federal District <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in the Federal District (Brazil) <s> Federal District <p> flag <o> flag of the Federal District <s> Federal District <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from the Federal District (Brazil) <s> Federal District <p> part of <o> Central-West Region <s> Federal District <p> economy of topic <o> economy of the Federal District (Brazil) <s> Federal District <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of the Federal District <s> Federal District <p> executive body <o> cabinet of the governor of the Federal District <s> Federal District <p> legislative body <o> Legislative Chamber of Federal District <s> União das Cidades Capitais Luso-Afro-Américo-Asiáticas <p> headquarters location <o> Headquarters of the União das Cidades Capitais Luso-Afro-Américo-Asiáticas <s> União das Cidades Capitais Luso-Afro-Américo-Asiáticas <p> instance of <o> organization <s> Our Lady of Aparecida <p> feast day <o> October 12 <s> Our Lady of Aparecida <p> country <o> Brazil <s> Our Lady of Aparecida <p> subclass of <o> Immaculate Conception of Mary <s> Our Lady of Aparecida <p> instance of <o> title of Virgin Mary <s> Our Lady of Aparecida <p> location <o> Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida <s> Category:Brasília <p> category's main topic <o> Brasília <s> Category:Brasília <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> instance of <o> human <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> country for sport <o> Brazil <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> country of citizenship <o> Brazil <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> place of birth <o> Brasília <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> sport <o> association football <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Leixões S.C. <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Odra Wodzisław <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Daejeon Hana Citizen <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> C.F. Os Belenenses <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Wisła Kraków <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Pogoń Szczecin <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Boa Esporte Clube <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> different from <o> Brasília <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> league <o> Bundesliga <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> sex or gender <o> male <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> FC Energie Cottbus <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> given name <o> Cristiano <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Murici Futebol Clube <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Uberaba Sport Club <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Esporte Clube São Bento <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Vitória S.C. <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Sport Club do Recife <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Zagłębie Lubin <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> FC Pohang Steelers <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Ulsan HD FC <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> position played on team / speciality <o> forward <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> occupation <o> association football player <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> position played on team / speciality <o> midfielder <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Olympiakos Nicosia FC <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Esporte Clube Santo André <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Ituano Futebol Clube <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Uberlândia E.C. <s> Cristiano Pereira de Souza <p> member of sports team <o> Clube de Regatas Brasil <s> Plano Piloto <p> country <o> Brazil <s> Plano Piloto <p> different from <o> Brasília <s> Plano Piloto <p> instance of <o> administrative region of the Federal District <s> Plano Piloto <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Federal District <s> Plano Piloto <p> named after <o> Pilot Plan of Brasília </Graph>

<Text> :The Fourth Brazilian Republic, also known as the "Populist Republic" or as the "Republic of 46", is the period of Brazilian history between 1946 and 1964. It was marked by political instability and the military's pressure on civilian politicians which ended with the 1964 Brazilian coup d'etat and the establishment of the Brazilian military dictatorship. This period was marked by often tumultuous presidencies of Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Getulio Vargas, Cafe Filho, Juscelino Kubitschek, Janio Quadros and Joao Goulart. In 1945, president Getulio Vargas was deposed by a bloodless military coup, but his influence in Brazilian politics remained until the end of the Fourth Republic. During this period, three parties dominated national politics. Two of them were pro-Vargas -- the Brazilian Labour Party to the left and the Social Democratic Party in the center -- and another anti-Vargas party, the rightist National Democratic Union . As the Second World War ended with Brazil participating on the Allied side, then president Getulio Vargas moved to liberalize his own fascist-influenced Estado Novo regime. Vargas decreed an amnesty to political prisoners, including the chief of the Communist Party, Luis Carlos Prestes. He also introduced an electoral law and allowed political parties to campaign. Three political parties introduced themselves into the national political scene. The liberal and rightist parties of the opposition against Vargas created the National Democratic Union. The bureaucrats and supporters of the Estado Novo grouped in the Brazilian Social Democratic Party. Vargas also created the Brazilian Labour Party, to the left, to group the workers' and the laborers' unions. The Brazilian Communist Party, weakened during the dictatorship, was also legalised. John Melchior Bosco, SDB , popularly known as Don Bosco , was an Italian Catholic priest, educator and writer of the 19th century. While working in Turin, where the population suffered many of the ill effects of industrialization and urbanization, he dedicated his life to the betterment and education of street children, juvenile delinquents, and other disadvantaged youth. He developed teaching methods based on love rather than punishment, a method that became known as the Salesian Preventive System. A follower of the spirituality and philosophy of Francis de Sales, Bosco was an ardent devotee of the Virgin Mary under the title Mary Help of Christians. He later dedicated his works to de Sales when he founded the Salesians of Don Bosco, based in Turin. Together with Maria Domenica Mazzarello, he founded the Institute of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians, now commonly known as the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco, a religious congregation of nuns dedicated to the care and education of poor girls. He taught Dominic Savio, of whom he wrote a biography that helped the young boy be canonized. He is one of the pioneers of mutual aid societies that were initiated as collaborative financial support to young migrant Catholic workers in the city of Turin. In 1850, he drew up regulations to assist apprentices and their companions when any of them was involuntarily without work or fell ill. On 18 April 1869, one year after the construction of the Basilica of Mary Help of Christians in Turin, Bosco established the Association of Mary Help of Christians connecting it with commitments easily fulfilled by most common people, to the spirituality and the mission of the Salesian Congregation . The ADMA was founded to promote the veneration of the Most Holy Sacrament and Mary Help of Christians . In 1875, Bosco began to publish the Salesian Bulletin. The Bulletin has remained in continuous publication, and is currently published in 50 different editions and 30 languages. In 1876, he founded a movement of laity, the Association of Salesian Cooperators, with the same educational mission to the poor. Bosco established a network of organizations and centres to carry on his work. Boston , officially the City of Boston, is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It has an area of 48.4 sq mi and a population of 675,647 as of 2020. The Greater Boston metropolitan statistical area, surrounding the city, is the eleventh-largest in the country. Boston is one of the United States' oldest cities. It was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers. The city was named after Boston, Lincolnshire, England. During the American Revolution, Boston was home to several key events. These included the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the hanging of Paul Revere's lantern signal in Old North Church, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the siege of Boston. Following American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to play an important role as a port, manufacturing hub, and center for education and culture. The city expanded significantly beyond the original peninsula through filling in land and annexing neighboring towns. It now attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park , the first public school , and the first subway system . In the 21st century, Boston emerged as a global leader in higher education and academic research. Some of the city's colleges and universities include Boston University and Northeastern University in the city proper. Furthermore, Greater Boston's many colleges and universities include globally-ranked Harvard and MIT in neighboring Cambridge. A federal district is a type of administrative division of a federation, usually under the direct control of a federal government and organized sometimes with a single municipal body. Federal districts often include capital districts, and they exist in various federations worldwide. In India, the term "Union Territory" is used for the eight territories governed directly by the Union government , administered by a Lieutenant Governor or an Administrator: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Lakshadweep and Puducherry. Of these, Delhi and Puducherry possess partial statehood with their own elected Chief Ministers. In Malaysia, the term Federal Territory is used for the three territories governed directly by the federal government: Kuala Lumpur , Putrajaya and Labuan . The Federal Capital Territory is a federal territory in central Nigeria. Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria, is located in this territory. The Federal Capital Territory was formed in 1976 from parts of the states of Nasarawa, Niger and Kogi. It is within the Middle Belt region of the country. It is administered by the Federal Capital Territory Administration, headed by a minister appointed by the President. The Community of Portuguese Language Countries , also known as the Lusophone Community , is an international organization and political association of Lusophone nations across five continents, where Portuguese is an official language. The CPLP operates as a privileged, multilateral forum for the mutual cooperation of the governments, economies, non-governmental organizations, and peoples of the Lusofonia. The CPLP consists of 9 member states and 33 associate observers, located in Europe, South America, Asia, Africa and Oceania, totaling 38 countries and 4 organizations. The CPLP was founded in 1996, in Lisbon, by Angola, Brazil, Cabo Verde, Guinea Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal, and Sao Tome and Principe, nearly two decades after the beginning of the decolonization of the Portuguese Empire. Following the independence of Timor-Leste in 2002 and the application by Equatorial Guinea in 2014, both of those countries became members of the CPLP. Macau , Galicia , and Uruguay are formally interested in full membership and another 17 countries across the world are formally interested in associate observer status. The idea of a type of international community or political union of Portuguese language countries had been proposed and studied numerous times in history. However, the idea for what would become the CPLP came about in 1983, during a state visit to Cabo Verde by Jaime Gama, Foreign Minister of Portugal, when he first proposed a biennial summit of heads of state and government of Lusophone countries of the world and the idea of regular meetings between ministerial counterparts of the member states. Through successive enlargements, the Union has grown from the seven founding states--Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal, and Sao Tome and Principe--to the current nine, with the self-determination of Timor-Leste in 2002 and the accession of Equatorial Guinea in 2014 at the 10th CPLP Summit in Dili, Timor-Leste with the issuance of the Dili Declaration. Our Lady of Aparecida , is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with the Immaculate Conception. Her image, a clay statue, is widely venerated by Brazilian Catholics, who consider her as the principal patroness of Brazil. Historical accounts state that the statue was originally found by three fishermen who miraculously caught many fish after invoking the Blessed Virgin Mary. The statue is currently housed in the Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady Aparecida in Aparecida, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Colonial documents and papal bulls have referred to the image as Nossa Senhora da Conceicao Aparecida. The feast day of Our Lady Aparecida in the Roman Rite is on October 12, which is also a public holiday in Brazil since 1980. The building in which the image is venerated was granted the title of a minor basilica by Pope John Paul II in 1980, and is the largest Marian shrine in the world, being able to hold up to 45,000 worshippers. Controversy about the statue was ignited in May 1978 by an intruder who stole the clay statue, which was smashed as he was apprehended, from its shrine, and again in 1995, when an evangelical minister insulted and vandalized a copy of the statue on Brazilian national television, specifically on Rede Record, in what became known as the Chute na santa incident. Cristiano Pereira de Souza , also known as Brasilia, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a forward. His previous clubs include Odra Wodzislaw Slaski, Wisla Krakow, Pogon Szczecin, Zaglebie Lubin in Poland, Belenenses, Leixoes, Vitoria SC in Portugal, Energie Cottbus in Germany and Olympiakos Nicosia in Cyprus. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> Category:Deaths in Brasília <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Deaths in Brasília <p> category combines topics <o> Brasília <s> Category:Deaths in Brasília <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Deaths in Brasília <p> category combines topics <o> place of death <s> Category:Deaths in Brasília <p> opposite of <o> Category:Births in Brasilia <s> Category:Films shot in Brasília <p> category contains <o> film <s> Category:Films shot in Brasília <p> category combines topics <o> Brasília <s> Category:Films shot in Brasília <p> category combines topics <o> filming location <s> Category:Films shot in Brasília <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Brasília <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:People from Brasília <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:People from Brasília <p> category combines topics <o> Brasília <s> Category:People from Brasília <p> category combines topics <o> person related to this place <s> Category:Births in Brasilia <p> category contains <o> human <s> Category:Births in Brasilia <p> category combines topics <o> place of birth <s> Category:Births in Brasilia <p> category combines topics <o> Brasília <s> Category:Births in Brasilia <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Births in Brasilia <p> opposite of <o> Category:Deaths in Brasília <s> Khartoum <p> capital of <o> Sudan <s> Khartoum <p> twinned administrative body <o> Cairo <s> Khartoum <p> twinned administrative body <o> Istanbul <s> Khartoum <p> different from <o> Khartoum <s> Khartoum <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Khartoum <p> capital of <o> Anglo-Egyptian occupation of Sudan <s> Khartoum <p> significant event <o> Siege of Khartoum <s> Khartoum <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Khartoum <s> Khartoum <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Khartoum <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Khartoum <s> Khartoum <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Khartoum <p> instance of <o> city <s> Khartoum <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dubai <s> Khartoum <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia <s> Khartoum <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Khartoum <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brasília <s> Khartoum <p> twinned administrative body <o> Saint Petersburg <s> Khartoum <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Khartoum <s> Khartoum <p> country <o> Sudan <s> Khartoum <p> described by source <o> Small Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Khartoum <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Khartoum <s> Khartoum <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Nile <s> Khartoum <p> twinned administrative body <o> Djibouti <s> Khartoum <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Khartoum <s> Khartoum <p> twinned administrative body <o> Tehran <s> Khartoum <p> twinned administrative body <o> Addis Ababa <s> Khartoum <p> twinned administrative body <o> Ankara <s> Khartoum <p> twinned administrative body <o> Amman <s> Khartoum <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Khartoum <p> twinned administrative body <o> Asmara <s> Khartoum <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wuhan <s> Khartoum <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hargeisa <s> Khartoum <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Khartoum <s> Khartoum <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Blue Nile <s> Khartoum <p> shares border with <o> Omdurman <s> Khartoum <p> shares border with <o> Khartoum North <s> Khartoum <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Khartoum <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Khartoum <p> located in or next to body of water <o> White Nile <s> Canberra <p> country <o> Australia <s> Canberra <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Canberra <s> Canberra <p> demographics of topic <o> demographics of Canberra <s> Canberra <p> capital of <o> Australia <s> Canberra <p> different from <o> Canberra <s> Canberra <p> capital of <o> Australian Capital Territory <s> Canberra <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+10:00 <s> Canberra <p> twinned administrative body <o> Beijing <s> Canberra <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brasília <s> Canberra <p> instance of <o> city <s> Canberra <p> official language <o> English <s> Canberra <p> capital of <o> Jervis Bay Territory <s> Canberra <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Australian Capital Territory <s> Canberra <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Canberra <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Canberra <s> Canberra <p> continent <o> Australian continent <s> Canberra <p> twinned administrative body <o> Yangzhou <s> Canberra <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Canberra <p> twinned administrative body <o> Hangzhou <s> Canberra <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Canberra <s> Canberra <p> twinned administrative body <o> Monterrey <s> Canberra <p> twinned administrative body <o> Nara <s> Canberra <p> twinned administrative body <o> Dili <s> Canberra <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Canberra <p> part of <o> Canberra - Queanbeyan <s> Canberra <p> instance of <o> political city <s> Canberra <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Canberra <s> Canberra <p> coat of arms <o> coat of arms of Canberra <s> Canberra <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Lake Burley Griffin <s> Canberra <p> twinned administrative body <o> Wellington City <s> Canberra <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Canberra <s> Abuja <p> instance of <o> city <s> Abuja <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Abuja <p> capital of <o> Nigeria <s> Abuja <p> country <o> Nigeria <s> Abuja <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Federal Capital Territory <s> Abuja <p> capital of <o> Federal Capital Territory <s> Abuja <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Abuja <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Abaji <s> Abuja <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Abuja <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Abuja <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Abuja <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brasília <s> Abuja <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Bwari <s> Abuja <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kwali <s> Abuja <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Gwagwalada <s> Abuja <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Abuja Municipal <s> Abuja <p> contains the administrative territorial entity <o> Kuje <s> Abuja <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Abuja <s> Abuja <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Abuja <s> Abuja <p> category for films shot at this location <o> Category:Films shot in Abuja <s> Abuja <p> member of <o> World Tourism Cities Federation <s> Abuja <p> described by source <o> Great dictionary of geographical names <s> Abuja <p> capital of <o> Abuja Municipal <s> Abuja <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Abuja <s> Maputo <p> capital of <o> Mozambique <s> Maputo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lisbon <s> Maputo <p> instance of <o> city <s> Maputo <p> country <o> Mozambique <s> Maputo <p> language used <o> Mozambican Sign Language <s> Maputo <p> language used <o> Ronga <s> Maputo <p> language used <o> Chopi <s> Maputo <p> category for the view of the item <o> Category:Views of Maputo <s> Maputo <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Maputo <s> Maputo <p> history of topic <o> history of Maputo <s> Maputo <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Maputo <p> on focus list of Wikimedia project <o> Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/4 <s> Maputo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brasília <s> Maputo <p> described by source <o> Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary <s> Maputo <p> different from <o> Maputo Province <s> Maputo <p> office held by head of government <o> mayor of Maputo <s> Maputo <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Mozambique <s> Maputo <p> member of <o> União das Cidades Capitais Luso-Afro-Américo-Asiáticas <s> Maputo <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Maputo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Luanda <s> Maputo <p> instance of <o> capital city <s> Maputo <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Maputo <s> Maputo <p> capital of <o> Portuguese Mozambique <s> Maputo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Durban <s> Maputo <p> described by source <o> The New Student's Reference Work <s> Maputo <p> described by source <o> Collier's New Encyclopedia, 1921 <s> Maputo <p> category for people born here <o> Category:Births in Maputo <s> Maputo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lagos <s> Maputo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Rio de Janeiro <s> Maputo <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Maputo <s> Maputo <p> category for people who died here <o> Category:Deaths in Maputo <s> Maputo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shanghai <s> Maputo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Macau <s> Maputo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Chengdu <s> Maputo <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Maputo <p> twinned administrative body <o> Lichtenberg <s> Maputo <p> instance of <o> million city <s> Maputo <p> shares border with <o> Maputo Province <s> Maputo <p> located in or next to body of water <o> Maputo Bay <s> Maputo <p> instance of <o> municipality of Mozambique <s> Maputo <p> instance of <o> port settlement <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> country <o> France <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Jura <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brasília <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> shares border with <o> Saint-Symphorien-sur-Saône <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> shares border with <o> Damparis <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> shares border with <o> Samerey <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> instance of <o> commune of France <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> shares border with <o> Saint-Aubin <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> arrondissement of Dole <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> shares border with <o> Aumur <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> shares border with <o> Tavaux <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> canton of Dole-Sud-Ouest <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Abergement-la-Ronce <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> office held by head of government <o> Mayor of Abergement-la-Ronce <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> category for maps <o> Category:Maps of Abergement-la-Ronce <s> Abergement-la-Ronce <p> associated electoral district <o> canton of Tavaux <s> Diamantina <p> country <o> Brazil <s> Diamantina <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brasília <s> Diamantina <p> named after <o> diamond <s> Diamantina <p> twinned administrative body <o> Oradea <s> Diamantina <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Minas Gerais <s> Diamantina <p> shares border with <o> Serro <s> Diamantina <p> shares border with <o> Monjolos <s> Diamantina <p> shares border with <o> Carbonita <s> Diamantina <p> shares border with <o> Bocaiúva <s> Diamantina <p> shares border with <o> Buenópolis <s> Diamantina <p> twinned administrative body <o> Sangano <s> Diamantina <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Diamantina <p> shares border with <o> Senador Modestino Gonçalves <s> Diamantina <p> shares border with <o> Olhos-d'Água <s> Diamantina <p> shares border with <o> São Gonçalo do Rio Preto <s> Diamantina <p> shares border with <o> Datas <s> Diamantina <p> shares border with <o> Augusto de Lima, Minas Gerais <s> Diamantina <p> shares border with <o> Couto de Magalhães de Minas <s> Diamantina <p> shares border with <o> Gouveia <s> Diamantina <p> described by source <o> The Nuttall Encyclopædia <s> Diamantina <p> instance of <o> municipality of Brazil <s> Diamantina <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Diamantina </Graph>

<Text> :Khartoum or Khartum is the capital of Sudan. With a population of 6,344,348, Khartoum's metropolitan area is the largest in Sudan. Khartoum is located at the confluence of the White Nile - flowing north from Lake Victoria - and the Blue Nile, flowing west from Lake Tana in Ethiopia. Divided by these two parts of the Nile, the Khartoum metropolitan area is a tripartite metropolis consisting of Khartoum proper, and linked by bridges to Khartoum North and Omdurman to the west. The place where the two Niles meet is known as al-Mogran or al-Muqran . Khartoum was founded in 1821, north of the ancient city of Soba. In 1882 the British Empire took control of the Egyptian government, the British left the administration of Sudan in the hands of the Egyptians. At the outbreak of the Mahdist War, the British attempted to evacuate Anglo-Egyptian garrisons from Sudan but the Siege of Khartoum in 1884 resulted in the capture of the city by Mahdist forces and a massacre of the defending Anglo-Egyptian garrison. In 1898 it was reoccupied by British forces, and was the seat of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan's government until 1956. In 2008, the Justice and Equality Movement engaged in combat in the city with the Sudanese Armed Forces as part of the War in Darfur. The Khartoum massacre occurred in 2019 during the Sudanese Revolution. The city saw extensive combat during the 2023 Sudan conflict between the armed forces and the Rapid Support Forces , affecting Khartoum International Airport and other critical sites. Canberra is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest Australian city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory at the northern tip of the Australian Alps, the country's highest mountain range. As of June 2022, Canberra's estimated population was 456,692. The area chosen for the capital had been inhabited by Aboriginal Australians for up to 21,000 years, by groups including the Ngunnawal, Ngunawal and Ngambri. European settlement commenced in the first half of the 19th century, as evidenced by surviving landmarks such as St John's Anglican Church and Blundells Cottage. On 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies of Australia was achieved. Following a long dispute over whether Sydney or Melbourne should be the national capital, a compromise was reached: the new capital would be built in New South Wales, so long as it was at least 100 mi from Sydney. The capital city was founded and formally named as Canberra in 1913. A plan by the American architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected after an international design contest, and construction commenced in 1913. Unusual among Australian cities, it is an entirely planned city. The Griffins' plan featured geometric motifs and was centred on axes aligned with significant topographical landmarks such as Black Mountain, Mount Ainslie, Capital Hill and City Hill. Canberra's mountainous location makes it the only mainland Australian city where snow-capped mountains can be seen in winter, although snow in the city itself is uncommon. As the seat of the Government of Australia, Canberra is home to many important institutions of the federal government, national monuments and museums. This includes Parliament House, Government House, the High Court building and the headquarters of numerous government agencies. It is the location of many social and cultural institutions of national significance such as the Australian War Memorial, the Australian National University, the Royal Australian Mint, the Australian Institute of Sport, the National Gallery, the National Museum and the National Library. The city is home to many important institutions of the Australian Defence Force including the Royal Military College Duntroon and the Australian Defence Force Academy. It hosts all foreign embassies in Australia as well as regional headquarters of many international organisations, not-for-profit groups, lobbying groups and professional associations. Canberra has been ranked among the world's best cities to live in and visit. Although the Commonwealth Government remains the largest single employer in Canberra, it is no longer the majority employer. Other major industries have developed in the city, including in health care, professional services, education and training, retail, accommodation and food, and construction. Compared to the national averages, the unemployment rate is lower and the average income higher; tertiary education levels are higher, while the population is younger. At the 2016 Census, 32% of Canberra's inhabitants were reported as having been born overseas. Abuja is the capital and eighth most populous city of Nigeria. Situated in the middle of the country within the Federal Capital Territory , it is a planned city built mainly in the 1980s based on a master plan by International Planning Associates , a consortium of three American planning and architecture firms made up of Wallace, Roberts, McHarg & Todd as the lead, Archi systems International , and Planning Research Corporation. The Central Business District of Abuja was designed by Japanese architect Kenzo Tange. It replaced Lagos, the country's most populous city, as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400-metre monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792-metre monolith, lies just north of the city on the expressway to Kaduna. At the 2006 census, the city of Abuja had a population of 776,298 and 179,674 households making it one of the ten most populous cities in Nigeria . According to the United Nations, Abuja grew by 139.7% between 2000 and 2010, making it the fastest growing city in the world. As of 2015, the city is experiencing an annual growth of at least 35%, retaining its position as the fastest-growing city on the African continent and one of the fastest-growing in the world. As of 2016, the metropolitan area of Abuja is estimated at six million people, placing it behind only Lagos as the most populous metro area in Nigeria. Major religious sites include the Nigerian National Mosque and the Nigerian National Christian Centre. The city is served by the Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport. Abuja is known for being one of the few purpose-built capital cities in Africa, as well as being one of the wealthiest. Maputo is the capital, and largest city of Mozambique. Located near the southern end of the country, it is within 120 kilometres of the borders with Eswatini and South Africa. The city has a population of 1,088,449 distributed over a land area of 347.69 km2 . The Maputo metropolitan area includes the neighbouring city of Matola, and has a total population of 2,717,437. Maputo is a port city, with an economy centered on commerce. It is also noted for its vibrant cultural scene and distinctive, eclectic architecture. Maputo was formerly named Lourenco Marques until 1976. Maputo is situated on a large natural bay on the Indian Ocean, near where the rivers Tembe, Mbuluzi, Matola and Infulene converge. The city consists of seven administrative divisions, which are each subdivided into quarters or bairros. The city is surrounded by Maputo Province, but is administered as a self-contained, separate province since 1998. Maputo City is the geographically smallest and most densely populated province in Mozambique. Maputo is a cosmopolitan city, with Bantu, Portuguese, and, to a lesser extent, Arabic, Indian, and Chinese languages and cultures present. The area on which Maputo stands was first settled as a fishing village by ancient Tsonga people. It was soon named Lourenco Marques, after the navigator of the same name who explored the area in 1544. The modern city traces its origins to a Portuguese fort established on the site in 1781. A town grew around the fort starting around 1850, and in 1877 it was elevated to city status. In 1898, the colony of Portuguese Mozambique relocated its capital there. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Lourenco Marques grew both in population and economic development as a port city. Upon Mozambican independence in 1975, the city became the national capital and was renamed Maputo. During the Mozambican Civil War, the city's economy was devastated. When the war ended, the FRELIMO government launched a program to revive the city's economy, and to clean up the city by forcibly removing criminals, squatters, and undocumented residents. Maputo has a number of landmarks, including Independence Square, City Hall, Maputo Fortress, the central market, Tunduru Gardens, and Maputo Railway Station. Maputo is known as an aesthetically attractive, if dilapidated, city. With wide avenues lined by jacaranda and acacia trees, it has earned the nicknames City of Acacias and the Pearl of the Indian Ocean. The city is known for its distinct, eclectic architecture, with Portuguese colonial Neoclassical and Manueline styles alongside modern art deco, bauhaus, tropical modernism and Brutalist buildings. The historic Baixa de Maputo district is the downtown area. Maputo has a vibrant cultural scene, with many restaurants, music and performance venues, and local film industry. Maputo's economy is centred around its port, through which much of Mozambique's imports and exports are shipped. The chief exports include cotton, sugar, chromite, sisal, copra, and hardwood. In addition to trade, the city has robust manufacturing and service sectors. Several colleges and universities are located in Maputo, including Pedagogical University, Sao Tomas University, Catholic University of Mozambique, and Eduardo Mondlane University, the oldest in the country. </Text>

<Graph> : <s> architectural ensemble <p> has part(s) <o> landscape <s> architectural ensemble <p> subclass of <o> geographical feature <s> architectural ensemble <p> has part(s) <o> architectural structure <s> architectural ensemble <p> subclass of <o> group of structures or buildings <s> architectural ensemble <p> has part(s) <o> street furniture <s> architectural ensemble <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Ensembles of buildings <s> architectural ensemble <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 1 <s> architectural ensemble <p> different from <o> Architectural Ensemble <s> Anthem to Brasilia <p> country <o> Brazil <s> Anthem to Brasilia <p> instance of <o> regional hymn <s> Anthem to Brasilia <p> language of work or name <o> Brazilian Portuguese <s> Paranoá River <p> country <o> Brazil <s> Paranoá River <p> mouth of the watercourse <o> São Bartolomeu River <s> Paranoá River <p> drainage basin <o> Río de la Plata Basin <s> Paranoá River <p> instance of <o> river <s> Paranoá Lake <p> basin country <o> Brazil <s> Paranoá Lake <p> country <o> Brazil <s> Paranoá Lake <p> instance of <o> reservoir <s> Paranoá Lake <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Federal District <s> Paranoá Lake <p> inflows <o> Torto River <s> Paranoá Lake <p> inflows <o> Bananal River <s> Luxor <p> continent <o> Africa <s> Luxor <p> country <o> Egypt <s> Luxor <p> twinned administrative body <o> Brasília <s> Luxor <p> instance of <o> city <s> Luxor <p> twinned administrative body <o> Baltimore <s> Luxor <p> different from <o> Luxor <s> Luxor <p> instance of <o> tourist attraction <s> Luxor <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Luxor <p> described by source <o> Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition <s> Luxor <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Luxor Governorate <s> Luxor <p> twinned administrative body <o> Kazanlak <s> Luxor <p> twinned administrative body <o> Shenzhen <s> Luxor <p> capital of <o> Luxor Governorate <s> Luxor <p> described by source <o> Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition (1885–1890) <s> Luxor <p> described by source <o> Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 4 <s> Luxor <p> twinned administrative body <o> Parintins <s> Luxor <p> instance of <o> big city <s> Luxor <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Luxor <s> Luxor <p> category of associated people <o> Category:People from Luxor <s> municipio of Rome <p> country <o> Italy <s> municipio of Rome <p> subclass of <o> subdivision of Rome <s> municipio of Rome <p> subclass of <o> fourth-level administrative division <s> municipio of Rome <p> topic's main category <o> Category:Municipi of Rome <s> Municipio V <p> country <o> Italy <s> Municipio V <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Rome <s> Municipio V <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Municipio V <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Municipio V <p> instance of <o> municipio of Rome <s> Municipio V <p> instance of <o> former administrative territorial entity <s> Municipio V <p> replaced by <o> Municipio IV <s> Category:Municipio IV (Rome) <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Municipio IV (Rome) <p> category's main topic <o> Municipio IV <s> Municipio IV <p> country <o> Italy <s> Municipio IV <p> located in the administrative territorial entity <o> Rome <s> Municipio IV <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+02:00 <s> Municipio IV <p> located in time zone <o> UTC+01:00 <s> Municipio IV <p> instance of <o> former administrative territorial entity <s> Municipio IV <p> instance of <o> municipio of Rome <s> Municipio IV <p> replaced by <o> Municipio III <s> Category:Municipio III <p> instance of <o> Wikimedia category <s> Category:Municipio III <p> category's main topic <o> Municipio III </Graph>

<Text> :The architectural ensemble is harmonious unity of the spatial composition of buildings, engineering structures , works of monumental painting, sculpture and landscape gardening art. The image of the architectural ensemble depends on the change of lighting, season, the presence of people. An important element of the ensemble can serve as a landscape. In this case, the topography can play a key role. Very often, architectural ensembles include ponds. There are architectural ensembles created at a time, according to a single plan, and ensembles that take shape over the years, the efforts of many architects, carefully complementing the emerging composition so that new elements are organically combined with old ones. Classical examples of such ensembles include St. Mark's Square in Venice and Palace Square in St. Petersburg. Lake Paranoa is an artificial lake in Brasilia, the capital of Brazil. During construction of the city, the Paranoa River was dammed to form the lake. It is at an altitude of 1,000 metres and has a circumference of 80 km . On its shores are embassies and consulates, sports clubs, restaurants, the residential areas of Lago Sul and Lago Norte, the University of Brasilia, the Olympic Center, and the Palacio da Alvorada, the official residence of the president of Brazil. Luxor is a city in Upper Egypt, which includes the site of the Ancient Egyptian city of Thebes. Luxor had a population of 1,333,309 in 2020, with an area of approximately 417 km2 and is the capital of the Luxor Governorate. It is among the oldest inhabited cities in the world. Luxor has frequently been characterized as the "world's greatest open-air museum", as the ruins of the Egyptian temple complexes at Karnak and Luxor stand within the modern city. Immediately opposite, across the River Nile, lie the monuments, temples and tombs of the west bank Theban Necropolis, which includes the Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens. Thousands of tourists from all around the world arrive annually to visit Luxor's monuments, contributing greatly to the economy of the modern city. Yusuf Abu al-Haggag is the patron saint of Luxor. The name Luxor derives from the Arabic qasr , meaning "castle" or "palace". It may be equivalent to the Greek and Coptic toponym ta Tria Kastra ta tria kastra and sh pshomt enkastron respectively, which both mean "three castles".) The Sahidic Coptic name Pape , comes from Demotic Ip.t "the adyton", which, in turn, is derived from the Egyptian. The Greek forms Apis and Ophieion come from the same source. The Egyptian village Aba al-Waqf shares the same etymology. </Text>