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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 1a29fc79-3d2d-40a4-82ca-0f2860d9958a | [{'content': 'In a patient with Hepatitis B infection. Which one of the markers will be increased? \nSelect and explain. \nA. HbsAg, B. HbcAg, C. Anti HbsAg IgG, D. Anti HbcAg IgG', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. Anti HbcAg IgGBest marker for diagnosing acute hepatitis B is IgM anti-HBc as it is found only in the acute phase of hepatitis B (In chronic hepatitis IgG anti-HBc is found).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 8512f838-80d6-4873-865a-f6e1632e558d | [{'content': 'Sunlight is one of the etiological causes of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Squamous cell carcinoma, B. Malignant melanoma, C. Basal cell carcinoma, D. Port-wine stain', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | a074e962-7c67-42ab-9215-76af20ac3d70 | [{'content': 'In a patient with typhoid, diagnosis after 15 days of onset of fever is best done by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Blood culture, B. Widal test, C. Stool culture, D. Urine culture', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 216bbc8e-3544-417f-8104-c9508f5b5db5 | [{'content': 'Which pa of 2nd metatarsal is involved in the March fracture? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Head, B. Neck, C. Shaft, D. Base', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. NeckMost common site of stress fracture or March fracture is second metatar'sal neck.likely site for stress fracturces are common in distance runners and ballet dancers. The second metatarsal neck is the most likety sitefor stressfractures, but all metatarsals are susceptible", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 983ba1e1-f056-4437-9d35-095261dc2305 | [{'content': 'Branchial fistula is persistent of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1st branchial cleft., B. 1st branchial arch., C. 2nd branchial cleft., D. 2nd branchial arch.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 418ea8f5-7225-4daa-9fa7-2cf9724b9a8b | [{'content': 'A patient reported with Disto-oclusal amalgam restoration in 47 & complaints of sticking of food in interproximal area. Most common reason is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Broad contact area Buccolingually, B. Wide contact area occlugingivaly, C. Contact area too occlusively, D. Contact area too gingivally', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 6946c04c-eee9-4b9d-ad2d-dbf5ccd40b94 | [{'content': 'All of the following clinical features are seen in Zika fever except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Guillain-Barre syndrome, B. Petechial rash, C. Fever with ahralgia, D. Petechial rash', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. Petechial rash "Zika virus is an emerging pathogen that is transmitted among nonhuman primates and humans by Aedes mosquitoes.Zia virus infection is characterized by influenza-like clinical signs, including fever, headaches, and malaise. A maculopapular rash, conjunctivitis,myalgia,and ahralgia usually accompany or follow those manfestations."', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | 6c84e800-14f3-4ba3-9324-84247cbae881 | [{'content': 'First order neuron of visual pathway - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Photoreceptor, B. bipolar neuron, C. lateral geniculate body, D. all of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer-:A: photoreceptorRods and cones are the first-order receptor cells that respond directly to light stimulation.Bipolar neurons are the second-order neurons that relay stimuli from the rods and cones to the ganglion cells.Ganglion cells third-order neurons that form the optic nerve (CN II).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7632fe2d-10d0-45a3-bea1-09b1b8226e12 | [{'content': 'Patient with complete denture complains of pain while swallowing and there is overextension in the distolingual aspect. The muscle involved is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Superior constrictor, B. Palatopharyngeus, C. Palatoglossus, D. Styloharyngeus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | cc9a8448-c6e4-4a67-b2b5-153205840089 | [{'content': 'Urobilinogen levels in obstructed jaundice due to gallstones will be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Markedly raised, B. Slightly increased, C. Normal, D. Completely absent', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Completely absent(Ref: Harrison 19Ie p280, 18Ie p325)Suggestive of obstructive jaundice. Function testPrehepatic jaundiceHepatic jaundicePost-hepatic (Obstructive) jaundiceTotal bilirubinNormal/ increasedIncreaseddegIncreaseddegConjugated bilirubinNormalIncreaseddegIncreaseddegUnconjugated bilirubinNormal/ increasedIncreaseddegNormalUrobilinogenNormal/ increasedDecreaseddegDecreased/ negativedegUrine colorNormalDark (urobilinogen +conjugated bilirubin)degDark (conjugated bilirubin)degStool colorNormalNormal/paledegPaledegAlkaline phosphatase levelsNormalIncreaseddegIncreaseddegAlanine transferase & aspaate transferase levelsNormalIncreaseddegIncreaseddegConjugated bilirubin in urineAbsentdegPresentdegPresentdegSplenomegalyPresentdegPresentdegAbsentdeg', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | e226f4d8-7809-47e1-bc8c-9fcde2c6010d | [{'content': 'Which is not true about phenotype? \nSelect and explain. \nA. It is modified with the passage of time, B. It is the appearance of an individual, C. It is genetic sequence of an individual, D. It is influenced by genotype', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | e69b4af9-37f2-4406-b962-bf7ebe20bc01 | [{'content': 'Both bone and disc spaces are destroyed in- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tuberculosis, B. Metastasis, C. Lymphoma, D. Multiple myeloma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. TuberculosisThe spine is the MC site of skeletal tuberculosis, accounting for 5OVo cases followed by hip and knees.MC infective pathology of spine is tuberculosis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 47d0aa0a-2a83-4fc9-8a8c-54789d2e482e | [{'content': 'The following drug is not useful for MRSA? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cefaclor, B. Cotrimoxazole, C. Ciprofloxacin, D. Vancomycin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Anatomy | 73ba7368-c001-4d15-b4a3-f0d46feb4b5b | [{'content': 'Loss of flexion in the interphalangeal joint of thumb in supracondylar fracture is due to involvement of which nerve \nSelect and explain. \nA. Anterior interosseous, B. Posterior interosseous, C. Median, D. Ulnar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Flexion at IP joint of thumbs - by flexor pollicis longus Nerves that may be involved in supracondylar humerus : 1. Median nerve - most common Paial injury occurs usually. i.e. fibers involved in forming AIN branch. 2. Radial nerve - less often 3. Ulnar nerve - least commonly involved. AIN supply: Flexor pollicis longus * Lateral 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus * Pronator quadratus', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | abd507d7-232c-46cb-8605-cb573b86ee2b | [{'content': 'Study model with mounted base and trimmed height is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 55 mm, B. 70 mm, C. 60 mm, D. 90 mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The cast should be such that the base of the lower model is equal in thickness to that of the\xa0maxillary model. The total height of both casts in occlusion should be about 70–75 mm.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 83e527c6-65cd-43bc-98a9-cbab53168a78 | [{'content': 'In noncompetitive antagonism, the true statement is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Km value decrease;.vmaxdecreases, B. no change in vmax;Km value decrease, C. V max decreased; Km value normal, D. Km value increased; V max increased', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer is c. vmax decreases, km unchangedRef: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry 30th edn; Page no. 82Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme or the enzyme-substrate complex at a site different from the active site, decreasing the activity of the enzyme. Thus, Vmax is decreased.Competitive inhibitionNoncompetitive inhibitionIt is reversed by increasingIrreversiblesubstrate concentration.Excess substrate does not abolishExcess substrate abolishesthe inhibition.inhibition.Km remains the same, but thevmax remains the same, but theapparent vmax is decreased.apparent Km is increased.Inhibitors have no structuralInhibitor will be structuralanalogue of substrate.resemblance to substrate.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 4e3061f9-0a14-4878-9abd-6a0459b268b8 | [{'content': 'T-lymphocytes play a primary role in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Production of Antibodies, B. Production\tof\tlymphokines\tand\tdelayed hypersensitivity, C. Activation of complement system, D. Immediate Hypersensitivity', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 5917b59d-d9f8-4234-b0be-13f9c7325e9f | [{'content': 'Apoptosis is suggestive of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Liquefaction degeneration, B. Coagulative necrosis, C. Neo angiogenesis, D. Epithelial dysplasia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e0c3fa32-b170-46e4-a748-9965e38ca3a9 | [{'content': 'Electric resistance between oral mucosa and PDL is always constant that is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 4.5 K ohm, B. 5.5 K ohm, C. 6.5 K ohm, D. 7.5 K ohm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: FIRST-GENERATION APEX LOCATORS (RESISTANCE APEX LOCATORS)\n\nThey are also known as resistance apex locators that measure opposition to the flow of direct current,\xa0that is, resistance. It is based on the principle that resistance offered by periodontal ligament and oral mucous membrane is the same, that is, 6.5 K ohms. Initially, Sono-Explorer was imported from Japan\xa0by Amadent, (Port Jefferson, New York) but nowadays first generation apex locators are off the practice. Blood, pus, chelating agents, irrigants, and other materials used within the canal can give false readings.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 8173e986-5e4f-4c72-b175-8fa07b6c5ad9 | [{'content': "Frey's syndrome results from surgery of the \nSelect and explain. \nA. a)Submandibular salivary gland, B. Parotid gland, C. Sublingual salivary gland, D. TMJ", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Auriculo temporal syndrome or Frey syndrome or gustatory sweating is due to damage of auricutotemporal nerve following surgery in parotid and mandibular ramus areas, and subsequent innervation of sweat glands by parasympathetic salivary fibres. The patient typically exhibits flushing and sweating of the involved side of the face, chiefly in the temporal area, during eating.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Pathology | c5040490-158b-4b0c-9d6d-5c9db9e5935d | [{'content': 'In a platelet poor plasma sample calcium and tissue thromboplastin is added. This is used to assess which of the following pathway? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Extrinsic, B. Intrinsic, C. Fibrinolytic, D. Common', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Whenever we want to assess the Extrinsic or Intrinsic pathway, the sample that is taken is Platelet poor plasma sample. Assessment of EXTRINSIC PATHWAY - tissue thromboplastin is added along with calcium Intrinsic pathway - addition of Ca2+ along with negatively charged substance like Kaolin or Cephalin.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pharmacology | 36cbec15-89a6-44e5-a98b-cb2a68a4b01e | [{'content': 'All of the following can be used to decreased intraocular pressure in glaucoma except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mannitol, B. Methazolamide, C. Clonidine, D. Dexamethasone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Explanation- Dexamethasone is a coicosteroid. coicosteroids are contraindicated in Glaucoma , as they result in fuher increase in the intraocular pressure. Mannitol is drug of choice for acute congestive glaucoma. For acute attack of close angle glaucoma mannitol is given IV it result in considerable decrease in Intraocular pressure.Hypeonic mannitol decongest the eye by osmotic action. TOPICAL DRUGS FOR GLAUCOMA b-Adrenergic blockers a-Adrenergic agonists Prostaglandin analogues Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Miotics Timolol Betaxolol Levobunolol Caeolol Dipivefrine Apraclonidine Brimonidine Latanoprost Travoprost Bimatoprost Dorzolamide Brinzolamide Pilocarpine Physostigmine Echothiophate Methazolamide is carbonic anhydride inhibitor and clonidine is alpha 2 agonist. These can also cause decrease in intra ocular pressure.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 908f179d-9296-4cc3-8cd5-d3e59e24d232 | [{'content': 'The undesirable side effect most commonly associated with the use of finger spring to tip the crown of a tooth is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pain, B. Gingival irritation, C. Tendency for the root apex to move in the direction opposite from the crown, D. Tendency for the tooth to intrude', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Excessive forces can cause unwanted tooth movement. Unwanted excessive tipping of maxillary central incisor root is caused by over activation of finger spring.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Surgery | 5bfd1b1b-9631-4170-b708-e0504da5086e | [{'content': 'A chronic alcoholic patient came to emergency with severe pain in epigastrium and multiple episodes of vomiting. On examination, guarding was present in upper epigastrium. Chest X-ray was normal. What is the next best step? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Upper GI endoscopy, B. Serum lipase, C. Alcohol breath test, D. CECT', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: From the given case: ACUTE PANCREATITIS- Chronic Alcoholic- Severe pain in Epigastrium- Episodes of vomiting* Normal CXR- Perforation peritonitis is ruled out - no pneumoperitoneum Acute Pancreatitis: Etiology Clinical Presentation Gall stones Pain in Epigastrium- radiating to left back Alcoholism Ileus- Nausea & Vomiting Trauma to Abdomen Tachypnea Ampullary tumor Abdominal distention Drugs Guarding +nt Hyperparathyroidism Hypotension maybe +nt. Hypercalcemia Pancreatic divisum Viral infections Scorpion bite Malnutrition Idiopathic INVESTIGATIONS:Initial investigation:- Clinical findings- Amylase - Not specific- Lipase - Specific (preferred) Imaging: - CECT - IOC + Staging investigation.- Balthazar criteria- To be performed after 72 hours as pancreatic necrosis is evident 1st 24 hrs.- Upper GIE & Alcohol breath test - Not done as the patient is alcoholic- No history of upper GI bleeding', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 57f646bb-fbf5-489b-9991-dcb361be9561 | [{'content': 'Process shown in color plate is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bleeding on probing., B. Bone sounding., C. Pocket measurement, D. Attached ginigiva measurement', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | c1905ae5-b13b-4f01-8797-d1eb7043d461 | [{'content': "In oral and maxillofacial surgery, 'danger space' is known as \nSelect and explain. \nA. Carotid sheath, B. Posterior to carotid sheath in posterior triangle of neck, C. Posterior to transverse process of vertebrae, D. Space between alar &prevertebral fascia", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pharmacology | 17d0239b-33ee-44d0-9891-81a283b13b55 | [{'content': 'Doc of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Clindamycin, B. Metronidazole, C. Erythromycin, D. Rovamycin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: - Metronidazole is drug of choice for bacterial vaginosis ( with or without pregnancy )- Alternative to metronidazole is clindamycin.- Rovamycin i.e. spiramycin (which is a macrolide) is drug of choice for toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Metronidazole -* It is the prototype nitroimidazole having broad-spectrum cidal activity against anaerobic protozoa, including Giardia lamblia , trichomonas and amoeba. * Many anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria, such as Bact. fragilis, Fusobacterium, Clostridium perfringens, Cl. difficile, Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter, peptococci, spirochetes and anaerobic Streptococci are sensitive. * Metronidazole does not affect aerobic bacteria. Mechanism of action- After entering the cell by diffusion, its nitro group is reduced by ceain redox proteins operative only in anaerobic microbes to a highly reactive nitro radical which exes cytotoxicity. The nitro radical of metronidazole acts as an electron sink which competes with the biological electron acceptors of the anaerobic organism for the electrons generated by the pyruvate : ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme pathway of pyruvate oxidation. The energy metabolism of anaerobes that have no mitochondria is thus, disrupted. Aerobic environment attenuates cytotoxicity of metronidazole by inhibiting its reductive activation. Moreover, O2 competes with the nitro radical of metronidazole for the free electrons generated during energy metabolism of anaerobes. Metronidazole, in addition, has been found to inhibit cell mediated immunity, to induce mutagenesis and to cause radiosensitization. Uses of metronidazole- o Amoebiasiso Giardiasiso Trichomonas vaginitiso Bacterial vaginosiso Anaerobic bacterial infection o Pseudomembranous enterocolitiso Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitiso Helicobacter pylori gastritis o Guinea worm infestation', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 05ae5b1d-15cd-4035-99a7-d6cae3e4909e | [{'content': 'The biofilms found on tooth surfaces are termed as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Enamel, B. Dental caries, C. Dental plaque, D. Saliva', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 4282ea27-91a4-4cd7-9781-2958d3986552 | [{'content': 'A girl child with fever, cough, dyspnoea with x–ray showing right lower lobe patchy consolidation, for which treatment was given. After 8 weeks symptom improved but x-ray showed more dense consolidation involving the whole of the right lower lobe. What is the next best line of investigation ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bronchoscopy, B. Culture from nasopharynx, C. Barium esophagogram, D. Allergic skin test', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: A history of recurrent pneumonia in the same lobe or segment or slow resolution (> 3 months) of pneumonia on successive radiographs suggests the possibility of bronchial obstruction and the need for bronchoscopy.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 879e2943-db7e-483e-a957-e998960ec66a | [{'content': 'Mouth Breathing is most commonly seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Athetoid type of cerebral palsy., B. Spastic type of cerebral palsy., C. Ataxic type of cerebral palsy., D. Mixed type.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 5d03f6ea-52a4-4358-94b1-ab24840e0f77 | [{'content': "According to 'DELHI ANATOMY ACT 1957', a person died in road traffic accident, the dead body is said to be unclaimed after. \nSelect and explain. \nA. 24 hours, B. 48 hours, C. 72 hours, D. 96 hours", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. 72 hoursAccording to 'DELHI ANATOMY ACT 1957', a person died in road traffic accident the dead body is said to be unclaimed after 72 hours.According to Delhi Anatomy Act 1953, the hospital authority can utilize an unclaimed body (a person who dies in hospital, prison or public places, which has not been claimed by any of his near relatives or personal friends within the prescribed timeline of 48 hours) for the purpose of conducting anatomical examination and dissection or other similar purpose.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pharmacology | 1dc8c68f-0e81-40f3-860d-cfcc8d07be2a | [{'content': 'Which of the following hormone is/are under inhibitory control of hypyothalamus? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prolactin, B. Only Prolactin, C. Only Growth hormone, D. Both Prolactin and Growth hormone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Inhibitory hormones secreted by hypothalamus are somatostatin and dopamine. Somatostatin inhibits GH, ACTH, TSH. Dopamine inhibits prolactin. GH is under both stimulatory (GHRH) and inhibitory control (Somatostatin) Prolactin is only under inhibitory control (dopamine). Note: Read the question carefully; if they ask which hormones of anterior pituitary are under inhibitory control (as in this question), answer should be both prolactin and GH. However, if they ask the question, which hormone is ONLY under inhibitory control, then answer should be only prolactin.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | e5b8bc30-3a2c-4d33-8b63-f01d20590f5e | [{'content': 'Annual new case detection rate of leprosy as on 31st March, 2016 is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 0.66 /10,000 population, B. 0.66/1,00,000 population, C. 9.7/10,000 population, D. 9.7/1,00,000 population', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. d. 9.7/1,00,000 populationAnnual new case detection rate of leprosy as on 31" March, 2016 is 9.7/1,00,000 population.NLEP - Annual Repo for the year 2015-16:Based on the repos received from all the States and UTs for the year of 2015 -16 (Annexure -I), current leprosy situation in the country is as below:A total of 127334 new cases were detected during the year 2015-16, which gives Annual New Case Detection Rate (ANCDR) of 9.71 per 100,000 population, as against 125785 cases in 2014-15.A total of 86028 leprosy cases are on record as on 1st April 2016, giving a Prevalence Rate (PR) of 0.66 per 10,000 population, as against 88833 cases in 1 \'t April 2015.Detailed information on new leprosy cases detected during 2015-16 indicates the propoion of MB (51.27%), Female (38.33%), Child (8.94%), Grade II Deformity (4.60%), ST cases (18.79%) and SC cases (18.57%).A total of 5851 Gr. II disability detected amongst the New Leprosy Cases during 2015-16, indicating the Gr. II Disability Rate of 4.46 / million population (Annexure-II)A total of 11389 child cases were recorded, indicating the Child Case rate of 8.94% (Annexure-III).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anaesthesia | 7690c75b-9e17-4af8-844a-6c638db1240a | [{'content': 'What is the most reliable site to measure core temperature during general anesthesia? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pulmonary aery, B. Distal esophagus, C. Rectum, D. Tympanic membrane', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Tympanic membrane(Ref Miller's 7/e p1550)Though pulmonary aery is the gold standard site for core temperature measurement, esophagus has similar reliability and is the most commonly used site in the anesthetic practice fior temperature monitoring.Core-Temperature Monitoring:Sites for Core Temperature MeasurementGold standard site for core temperature measurementPulmonary aeryMost accurate for brain temperatureTympanic membraneBest for brain temperatureNasopharynxBest site & most commonly used for core body temperatureLower end of esophagus", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 567c4ef0-c8b3-40db-8076-d293f225f852 | [{'content': 'All of the following are characteristic features of Tricuspid Atresia except – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Left Axis deviation, B. Right ventricular hypoplasia, C. Pulmonary vascularity is diminished, D. Splitting of S2', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Atresia of the tricuspid valve results in the absence of a communication between the right atrium and right ventricle therefore the right ventricle is underdeveloped the inflow portion being absent.\nThe only exit for systemic venous blood coming to the right atrium is by way ofAtrial Septal defect. Through this the blood goes to left atrium from where it enters left ventricle.\nA ventricular septal defect provides communication between the left ventricle and the outflow portion of the right ventricle. The left ventricle therefore maintain both the systemic as well as the pulmonary circulation thus there is hypertrophy of the left ventricle which is reflected by left axis deviation in ECG.\nThe pulmonary blood flow is dependent on the size of the ventricular defect, the smaller the VSD, the lesser the pulmonary blood flow. 90% patients of Triscuspid Atresia have diminished pulmonary blood flow.\nAuscultatory finding in case of Tricuspid Atresia -'\n\n\nS 1- Normal\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 o SZ - Single\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 o Murmur grade III to grade 1111 / VI", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | fc57366f-647a-4997-80f1-bac134f284c7 | [{'content': "Fick's law deals with \nSelect and explain. \nA. Passive diffusion of molecules along the concentration gradient, B. Active diffusion of molecules along the concentration gradient, C. Both passive and active diffusion of molecules along the concentration gradient, D. Not concerned with the diffusion of molecules", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans.A. Passive diffusion of molecules along the concentration gradient.Fick's law of diffusion: The magnitude of the diffusing tendency is directly propoional to the cross-sectional area across which diffusion is taking place and the concentration gradient or chemical gradient, which is the difference in the concentration of the diffusing substance divided by the thickness of the membrane. The time required for equilibrium by diffusion is propoional to the square of diffusion distance.Diffusion is the process by which a gas or substance in solution expands, because of the motion of its paicles, to fill all of the available volumes.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | bd0ed5fa-d212-4dfc-bba3-9706fe6a228d | [{'content': 'Which of the following is most common location of intracranial neurocysticercoses: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Brain parenchyma, B. Spinal cord., C. Basal cisternae., D. Medulla oblongata.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection that results from ingestion of eggs from the adult tapeworm. When cysticercosis involves the central nervous system, it is called neurocysticercosis.\nThe cyst degenerates, leaks fluid from the larval cyst into the brain parenchyma, generating a strong immune response, characterized by enhancement on CT and MRI\nDowns Syndrome\nIt is first seen either with seizures (70-90%) or headache.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | b59153cb-ea66-4755-aec9-b66fe42f55f7 | [{'content': 'Which of the following statements about developing a dental radiograph is false? \nSelect and explain. \nA. It involves chemically precipitating metallic silver, B. If it is too long, it results in an over dark radiograph, C. If high temperatures are used, it results in a fogged, over dark radiograph, D. It typically involves a developer containing sodium thiosulphate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 7bb29056-c6b1-4d7b-b513-e6eab45eeb86 | [{'content': 'A 16 years old girl walks into your clinics and asks for Ca cervix vaccination.Which of the following should be administered? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gardasil 9, B. Biovac, C. Polymer 7, D. Cohen 5', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A.Gardasil 9Gardasil 9 is an HPV vaccine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and can be used for both girls and boys.This vaccine can prevent most cases of cervical cancer if given before a girl or woman is exposed to the virus.HPV Vaccines* Cervarix - Protects against HPV-16, 18.* Gardasil 4 Protects against HPV - 6, 11, 16, 18.* Gardasil -9 - Protects against HPV - 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2803b85b-0acd-42a6-92f5-6f5b3ce60345 | [{'content': "Dunlop's beta hypothesis is useful for the treatment of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bruxism., B. Thumb sucking., C. Mouth breathing., D. Tongue thrusting.", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Biochemistry | 72b14998-6b80-45d4-ad70-9766f94e8026 | [{'content': 'Iron enters enterocyte by : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Divalent cation transpoer, B. Ferropoin, C. Hephaestin, D. Ceruloplasmin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: *.Cytochrome b reductase 1 or Duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb) is a ferric reductase enzyme conves Fe3+ to Fe2+, and aid the entry of Fe2+ into the mucosal cell *The ferrous iron is then transpoed in the cell by a divalent metal transpoer (DMT-1). *Ferropoin and Hephaestin proteins are at the basolateral membrane and helps in transpo of iron from intestine cell to plasma. Divalent Metal/Cation Transpoer 1(DMT1 or DCT1) /Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2(NRAMP 2) *Located on the apical membrane of enterocytes * Transpo of ferrous iron * DMT1 expression is regulated by body iron stores to maintain iron homeostasis. Hephaestin, also known as HEPH * Transmembrane protein, *Homology with ceruloplasmin * Involved in the metabolism and homeostasis of iron * Mainly involved in iron efflux at the basolateral membrane, in association with ferropoin. * The highest expression of hephaestin is found in small intestine.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 6cf0218d-ff22-4f7c-9d54-3f5193fe8b8c | [{'content': 'Lady wth MS + MR with full term gestation, obstetrician planning to conduct normal delivery, what would be anesthesia of choice? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Parenteral opioids, B. Spinal anesthesia, C. Inhalational analgesia, D. Neuraxial analgesia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Pain relief is important for heart disease patients as pain can cause tachycardia, which in turn can cause cardiac failure. Epidural and spinal techniques are the most effective means of providing pain relief for labor. These are also known as regional techniques because pain relief is limited to a specific anatomical region. These modalities are also known as neuraxial techniques, since both the approaches involve administration of drugs that exert their effects in the axial portion of the CNS', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 078f8c25-6cf7-4811-9d12-0e0f4ad00e83 | [{'content': 'The most appropriate method to differentiate between a dentigerous cyst and an ameloblastoma is through: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Radiographic examination, B. Aspiration cytology, C. Microscopic examination, D. Clinical features', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pharmacology | 41a7eb65-1e8e-46ee-8d9a-8544101fe4db | [{'content': 'A hypeensive patient was on metoprolol treatment. Verapamil was added to the therapy of this patient. This can result in:- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Atrial fibrillation, B. Bradycardia with AV block, C. Torsades de pointes, D. Tachycardia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Metoprolol (Cardioselective beta blocker) decrease hea rate and AV conduction. Verapamil and Diltiazem: CCB (calcium channel blocker): These also inhibits SA Node and AV Node, hence depress the hea. So, when verapamil (or Diltiazem) is combined with metoprolol, they both depress hea and lead to bradycardia with AV block. Other CCBs include dihydropyridines (like amlodipine etc). These dipines can be used with Metoprolol as they cause reflex tachycardia.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 2fb9aa7b-5106-4856-943d-f6554959feab | [{'content': 'Rabies vaccine not to be given in case of? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rat bite, B. Cat bite, C. Dog bite, D. Monkey bite', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 899a827c-15ed-46c1-8dee-9ddfb723a331 | [{'content': "Asymmetric widening of the periodontal Ligament around two or more teeth is seen in \nSelect and explain. \nA. metastatic breast carcinoma, B. osteosarcoma, C. Paget's disease, D. Fibrous dysplasia", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 5c55ed82-c9c5-4f5d-8d0e-9cd76cfbeb74 | [{'content': 'Most accurate and safe method to diagnose ble pregnancy at 6weeks- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Doppler assessment of fetal cardiac activity, B. USG for fetal cardiac activity, C. Urinary Beta-hCG determination, D. Per vaginal examination of uterine size corresponding to 6 weeks gestation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. USG for fetal cardiac activityUSG for fetal cardiac activity:At 6 weeks it is routine to detect fetal cardiac activity by ultrasound5 1/2 Yz to 6 weeks is usually a very good time to detect either a fetal pole or even a fetal hea beat by vaginalultrasound.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | a1fa6f97-be57-47b3-a946-c71ac455345b | [{'content': "Reversal lines are characteristic on the radiograph of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Osteoma, B. Osteosarcoma, C. Epidermoid cyst, D. Paget's disease of bone", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 1920da28-e234-4f1e-8a02-8eb426ca5478 | [{'content': 'Function of molybdenum in base metal alloys \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increases strength, B. Decreases strength, C. Increase CTP., D. Decrease corrosion resistance', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0c32cd85-9912-4116-86ce-d65b19a77be9 | [{'content': 'Vaccine for caries is based on which immunoglobulin \nSelect and explain. \nA. IgG, B. IgA, C. IgE, D. IgM', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3ee700bc-5cac-4228-b0a2-5164512b90e4 | [{'content': 'As we move from anterior to posterior gingival embrasure become \nSelect and explain. \nA. Smaller, B. Larger, C. Remain same, D. Can be any of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a8779992-ade2-4a9c-a9bd-d405b92cc010 | [{'content': 'What % collagen fibers and fibroblasts are present In gingival connective tissue \nSelect and explain. \nA. 60% & 5%, B. 65% & 5%, C. 60%& 10%, D. 65%& 10%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 59fcd56f-73e9-49e5-8cd0-8097402935ec | [{'content': 'Immunologicaly active cells are: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Plasma cells, B. MAST cells, C. Eosinophils, D. R.B.C s', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 82c284b8-4feb-4984-8e9a-cc7a37be517c | [{'content': 'All of the following about use of aerotor hand piece are false except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. The sound frequency greater than 75 decibel (dB) causes damage to the ear, B. The frequency of rotation of bur is 6000-8000rpm, C. It will harm more in elderly than very young, D. Its use in younger teeth is contraindicated.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ea8146aa-0e1a-470c-b22d-b784002fb499 | [{'content': 'Which of the following kit has been designed & preferred specially for removal of fibre reinforced composite post? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ruddle post removal system, B. Gonion kit, C. Gyro kit, D. JS extractor kit', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2b776323-df34-4cab-ad74-e9d4e8c4e128 | [{'content': 'Distance of the blade from the shank to have antirotational stability of the instrument? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2 mm, B. 3 mm, C. 4 mm, D. 5 mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 985566bc-67a2-4f42-8bc5-4bd8bfc84bab | [{'content': 'The procedure preferred for periodontal surgery in mandibular anterior teeth is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gingivectomy, B. Periodontal flap, C. Subgingival curettage, D. Grafting', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | c06d48a3-baba-4dfd-8144-39234497be00 | [{'content': 'A researcher selected all possible samples from a population and plotted their means on a line graph. This distribution is called as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sample distribution, B. Sampling distribution, C. Population distribution, D. Parametric distribution', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Sampling distribution(Ref Research Methods For Communication Science James H. Watt;Sampling distribution / finite-sample distribution:Probability distribution of a given statistic based on a random sample.They allow analytical considerations to be based on the sampling distribution of a statistic, rather than on the joint probability distribution of all the individual sample values.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 9dc82b98-671e-4d88-9f37-1ae5d2f7c6ff | [{'content': 'Motor division of trigeminal division comes out via: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Foramen spinosum, B. Foramen magnum, C. Foramen ovale, D. Foramen lacerum', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 233443b2-7059-4f82-a321-2b4e1f61733a | [{'content': 'Helmet cells are characteristic of anemia of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hemolytic uremic syndrome, B. Polysplenia, C. Spherocytosis, D. Acanthocytosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | f2f90872-25be-4295-9e2c-26f8310a2100 | [{'content': 'In chronic renal failure : a) Urine output is more than 3 litres per dayb) Urine concentration is decreasedc) Sodium conservation is poord) Polycythemia is present \nSelect and explain. \nA. a, B. c, C. bc, D. ad', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anaesthesia | 7e38cd45-2858-4483-b448-d461bde268ee | [{'content': 'All of the following are induction agents except:September 2007 \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thiormtal, B. Halothane, C. Nitrous oxide, D. Propofol', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. C: Nitrous oxideGeneral anaesthesia can be induced by intravenous (IV) injection, or breathing a volatile anaesthetic through a facemask (inhalational induction).Onset of anaesthesia is faster with IV injection than with inhalation, taking about 10-20 seconds to induce total unconsciousness.This has the advantage of avoiding the excitatory phase of anaesthesia, and thus reduces complications related to induction of anaesthesia.An inhalational induction may be chosen by the anesthesiologist where IV access is difficult to obtain, where difficulty maintaining the airway is anticipated, or due to patient preference (e.g. children).Commonly used IV induction agents include propofol, sodium thiopental, etomidate, and ketamine.The most commonly-used agent for inhalational induction is sevoflurane because it causes less irritation than other inhaled gasesIn order to prolong anaesthesia for the required duration (usually the duration of surgery), anaesthesia must be maintained. Usually this is achieved by allowing the patient to breathe a carefully controlled mixture of oxygen, nitrous oxide, and a volatile anaesthetic agent or by having a carefully controlled infusion of medication, usually propofol, through an IV.Induction Characteristics & Dosage Requirements for Currently AvailableSedative & Hypnotic DrugsDrug NameInduction Dose (mg/kg)Onset (sec)Duration (min)Thiopental3-6<305-10Methohexital1-3<305-10Propofol1.5-2.515-455-10Midazolam0.2-0,430-9010-30Diazepam0.3-0.645-9015-30Lorazepam0.03-0.0660-12060-120Etomidate0.2-0.33-123-12Ketamine1-210-2010-20', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 864f7a5a-6c9f-454e-9d33-291e3652f5e5 | [{'content': 'Most common organism responsible for acute apical abscess: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Trepenoma denticola, B. Dilaster invisus, C. E. faecalis, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: The bacteria most often recovered from infected vital pulps are streptococci and staphylococci, but many other microorganisms including anaerobes have also been isolated.\nWith the introduction of improved methods of molecular identification of pathogens, many new organisms have been identified by researchers.\xa0\nSpecies that have been found significantly include Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum\xa0and others.\xa0\nPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods show higher prevalence of Treponema denticola, a recognized periodontal pathogen, in association with Tannerella forsythia and P. gingivalis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 44b7c270-47c9-4f1a-9414-5ebedefd7f0e | [{'content': 'Indirect retention is designed to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Stabilize tooth borne RPD, B. Engage an undercut area of the abutment tooth, C. Resist tissue ward movement of an extension base partial denture, D. Resist dislodgement of an extension base partial denture in occlusal direction', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 0f589144-f2e9-4377-850f-9dc2aaf127da | [{'content': 'One unit of PRBC raises HCT by: (In exam instead of HCT, they wrote HCV, which we assume to be a spelling error): \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1%, B. 2%, C. 3-5%, D. 5-8%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 2caaca13-e6d7-451f-b63e-4eb2eefea736 | [{'content': 'All are true for the following about methanol poisoning EXCEPT: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fomepizole is a competitive inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase, B. Minimum lethal dose of methanol is 1.25 ml/kg body weight, C. Formic acid is mainly responsible for toxicity, D. Methanol causes snow field vision', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- a-Fomepizole is a competitive inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenaseFomepizole:Fomepizole (4-methylpyrazole) is a specifc inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase- retards methanol metabolismLoading dose is 15 mglkg IV followed by l0 mg/kg every 12 hours till serum methanol falls below 20 g/dl, has been found effective and safe.Minimum lethal dose of methanol is 1.25mVkg body weight: Minimum lethal dose of methanol is 0.3-1.0 gm/kgFormic acid is malnly rcsponsible for toxicity:The methyl alcohol poisoning there is CNS depression, cardiac depression and optic nerve atrophy. These effects are produced due to Formaldehyde and formic acid.The specifc toxicity of formic acid is retinal damage.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 626e661d-f0a5-4f92-932c-3cc6d0e19eda | [{'content': 'All factors governing dentine permeability EXCEPT \nSelect and explain. \nA. Smear Layer, B. Fluid Convection, C. Length of dentinal tubules, D. Diffusion coefficient', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 72676291-2690-40d6-b2f1-30cfdb015e45 | [{'content': 'Injection Glucagon is effective for management of persistent hypoglycemia in all, except – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Large for date baby, B. Galactosemia, C. Infant of diabetic mother, D. Nesidioblastosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Glucagon is used to t/t hypoglycemia caused by hyperinsulinism.\nGlucagon mainly acts by increasing hepatic Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis\nHyperinsulinism is a feature of all the four conditions mentioned in the questions so Glucagon should have been effective in all these conditions, but it is not so. Glucagon does not have any effect on hypoglycemia in Galactosemic patients.\n\n\nIn Galactosemia liver is the first organ to be affected so there is no question of increased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis from the already damaged liver therefore Glucagon will be ineffective.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f0542af7-19d5-4e21-9e75-1a44f6103407 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not characteristic feature of Binder syndrome? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Acute naso-labial angle, B. Flat nasal bridge, C. Class III malocclusion, D. Class II malocclusion', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Biochemistry | 295f859b-9b57-4044-a59f-1dcde3f3fc0c | [{'content': 'Which of the following vitamin increases the absorption of iron? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Vitamin A, B. Vitamin C, C. Thiamin, D. Riboflavin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: iron absorption - Increase iron absorption Decrease iron absorption Vitamin C Cysteine In iron deficiency anemia iron absorption increase by 2-10 times Small peptides and amino acid Phytate (found in cereals) oxalate (found in leafy vegetable) diet with high phosphate content malabsorption syndromes such as steatorrhea In patients with paial or total surgical removal of stomach and/or intestine Vitamin C and Cysteine conve ferric iron to ferrous iron. Ferrous iron is soluble and easily absorbed.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 59110b4f-4074-4293-aa6d-96b1a6b49b82 | [{'content': 'Which of the following injection is available for subcutaneous administration? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Albuterol, B. Terbutaline, C. Metaproteronol, D. Pirbuterol', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. b. Terbutaline (Ref KDT 7/e p133, 223, 6/e p127, 323; Katzung 11/e p344, 227)Terbutaline can be given by subcutaneous route.Terbutaline is adrenergic agonist. Its sabcutaneous injection is used in patients with severe exacerbations of asthma.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 40fa7aa0-6036-426b-b694-5ff4a82b6dc7 | [{'content': 'Gillis approach is used in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Open reduction of zygomatic fracture, B. Mandible, C. Closed reduction of zygomatic fracture, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | fd3bbbaf-a413-4866-ad96-64850d580f15 | [{'content': 'All of the following are resorbable Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Poly lactic acid, B. Poly galactic acid, C. Polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, and trimethylene carbonate, D. PTFE', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: ENT | 97ed634a-a034-41a1-b92d-3781331b6f5a | [{'content': 'Which of the following sinus grows till early adulthood:- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary, B. Ethmoidal, C. Frontal, D. Sphenoid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Development of paranasal sinuses Sinus Present at bih 1st X-Ray appearance, Adult size Maxillary Yes 4-5 months after bih 15-18 yrs. Ethmoid Yes 1yr 12yr Sphenoid Yes 6-7yr 15yr Frontal No 4-5yr 18yr', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | df7841aa-3651-4339-bcb8-c725cb6cc2eb | [{'content': 'Mode:is defined as? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Average of the values, B. Relating to a value or quantity lying at the midpoint of a data after arranging in ascending or descending order, C. Adding up the values and then dividing by the number of values, D. The number which appears most often in a set of numbers', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Microbiology | 5276909f-5e4a-44a9-b5d4-9c7c29422818 | [{'content': 'Given below is the diagrammatic representation of a bacterium showing its flagella. Which of the following most closely resembles the organism depicted in the diagram? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Leptospria, B. H. Pylori, C. Vibrio cholera, D. Salmonella typhi', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Endoflagella is a feature of spirochetes which arises from periplasmic space. They have rotatory type of motility. Treponema Barrelia Leptospira Size 6-14 um x 0.2 um 10-30 um x 0.2-0.5um 6-20 um x 0.1 um Spirals (In number) 6-12 3-10 Numerous and tightly coiled with hooked ends Wavelength 1 um 3 um 0.5 um Amplitude of spiral 1-1.5 um Up to 2 um 0.1 um Endoflagella at each pole 3-4 7-11 1 Staining Do not take up ordinary stains, can be stained only bu silver impregnation stains, except Bornelia which is poorly Gram-stained.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Anaesthesia | 7374ee60-8858-43ae-9caa-506553cac5f6 | [{'content': 'Time required for pre-oxygenation before tracheal intubation \nSelect and explain. \nA. 3 min, B. 5 min, C. 2 min, D. 1 min', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Preoxygenation before intubation : Process of replacing nitrogen in the lungs with oxygen. Preoxygenation with tidal volume breathing of 3 mins is required before tracheal intubation. This delays the onset of critical hypoxia during the period of apnea by 5-8 minutes.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | cf03b2b0-0dda-490a-b811-145c4b30f113 | [{'content': 'With aging changes in periodontal ligament are \nSelect and explain. \nA. Decrease in number of cells and increase in collagen fibers, B. Increase in number of cells and decrease in collagen fibers, C. Increase in number of elastic fibers, D. Hyalinisation changes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | a06fc39f-e910-48cc-990f-fd3b93ede264 | [{'content': '"Grape bunch" shaped colonies are seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Streptococcus, B. Staphylococcus, C. E.coli, D. Gonococci', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 17e8cd93-d7a6-4e1a-af3a-5d4229721ed2 | [{'content': 'House Brackman grading scale used for evaluation of which nerve? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Facial nerve, B. Hypoglossal, C. Vagus, D. Trigeminal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a9c3188c-2a4d-4745-98d4-ee92580905c4 | [{'content': 'To prevent ventilator associated pneumonia, the most effective and evidence based results are seen with which of the following for critically ill patients: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Betadine mouthwash, B. Oral hygiene procedures plus chlorhexidine, C. Manual brushing, D. Powered brushing', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | 44c45759-5d60-46e2-a099-b67024101321 | [{'content': 'The darkening of radiograph X-ray depends on all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thickness of object, B. Quality and quantity of X-rays, C. Angulation cone, D. Velocity of electron emitted from cathode', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d006aa96-3d16-47be-9bdf-f70ea2827b66 | [{'content': "To remove non working side interference, reduce: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary supporting cusps., B. Mandibular supporting cusps., C. Supporting cusps of both the arches., D. Either of the arch's supporting cusps should be reduced.", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | f00b5f5a-9a4e-4003-ad33-12ede354b4d9 | [{'content': 'Tumor represented T3N2M0 is classified as : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Stage I, B. Stage II, C. Stage III, D. Stage IV', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 5e39f6db-6d90-49fa-a2a6-f9e0c9d1b821 | [{'content': 'A bomb blast took place in Delhi following which 2 persons died. All of the following are true about their injuries except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Injuries occurred due to burns air blast, B. Force of explosion decreases rapidly, C. Force of explosion is directional, D. Bruise, laceration, fractures are triad of main explosive injuries seen', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Bruise, laceration, fractures are the triad of main explosive injuries seenMarshall's triad is diagnostic of explosive injury.Marshall's triad -Bruises, abrasions & puncture lacerations.Does not include fracture.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 0c9337fa-55ba-4441-8da7-99d451749ccf | [{'content': 'Broken ampula is thrown into which coloured bin? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Red, B. Yellow, C. Blue, D. Black', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. C. BlueCOLOR CODING & TYPES OF CONTAINER: Colour codingType of ContainerWaste CategoryTreatment optionsYellowPlastic BagsHuman and animal wastes, Microbial and Biological wastes and soiled wastes(Cat 1,2,3 and 6)Incineration/ Deep BurialRedDisinfected container/ Plastic bagsMicrobiological and Biological wastes, Soiled wastes, Solid wastes(Cat 3,6,7)Autoclave/ Microwave/ Chemical Treatment)Blue/ White/ TransparentPlastic bag, Puncture proof containerWaste sharps and solid waste( Cat 4 &7)Autoclave/ Microwave/ Chemical Treatment Destruction and ShreddingBlackPlastic bagDiscarded medicines, Cytotoxic drugs, Incineration ash and chemical waste(Cat 5,9 & 10)Disposal in secured land fillsGreenPlastic ContainerGeneral waste such as office waste, food waste & garden wasteDisposed in secured landfills', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 45af739b-3110-487d-b75c-73dfb33df1e4 | [{'content': 'Phage mediated change in C. diphtheria is due to which of the following? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Conjugation, B. Transformation, C. Transduction, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Transduction(Ananthanarayan 10/e p59, 8/e p65-67; Jawetz 27/e p112).Phage mediated change in C. diphtheria is due to Transduction.In transduction, donor DNA is carried by a phage coat and is transferred into the recipient by the mechanism used for phage infection.Methods of transferMechanismNature of DNA transferredConjugationTransfer of DNA form one bacterium toChromosomal or plasmid DNAdegTransductionTransfer of DNA form one bacterium toAny gene in generalized transduction, only selected genes in specialized transductiondegTransformationTransfer of DNA from one bacterium toAny genedeg', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Microbiology | 326b16f4-3bd9-4656-9515-093e7d67ae21 | [{'content': 'What is not true regarding Zika Virus: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Belong to family flaviviridae, B. Transmission happens by Mosquitoes, C. Not transmitted from mother to newborn, D. Possibly can cause microcephaly', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Zika Virus belongs to family flaviviridae( which comes under Arbovirus). It is transmitted through mosquitoes (Aedes aegypticus) or sexual transmission .It also shows veical transmission i.e. from mother to child. If pregnant female gets infected with zika virus it may cause Microcephaly and GBS (Guillian Barre syndrome) in new born.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 35624499-7ec5-46f1-8cc2-befa686829c4 | [{'content': 'A 23-year-old lady taking antiepileptics for a seizure disorder gets married. When should folic acid supplementation advised to the patient? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Any time as soon as she presents to the clinic irrespective of pregnancy, B. Three months before becoming pregnant, C. 1st trimester, D. As soon as pregnancy is confirmed', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Any time as soon as she presents to the clinic irrespective of pregnancyIf a pregnancy is planned in high-risk women (previously affected child with neural tube defects), supplementation should be staed with 4 mg (= 4000 microgram) of folic acid daily, beginning 1 month before the time of the planned conception.Recommendations:By U.S. Public Health Service.Folic acid 0.4 mg daily - For all women of childbearing age & ones capable of becoming pregnant.Folic acid 4 mg (= 4000 microgram) daily - For planned pregnancy in high-risk women (previously affected child) - Beginning 1 month before time of planned conception.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 97bd8c32-3ea6-41e1-856e-b9a91d20e643 | [{'content': 'Infective endocarditis is most commonly seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. ASD, B. VSD, C. PDA, D. Pulmonary stenosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Infective endocarditis typically occurs at sites of pre-existing endocardial damage, but infection with particularly virulent or aggressive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus can cause endocarditis in a previously normal heart. Staphylococcal endocarditis of the tricuspid valve is a common complication of intravenous drug use. Many acquired and congenital cardiac lesions are vulnerable, particularly areas of endocardial damage caused by a high-pressure jet of blood, such as ventricular septal defect, mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation, many of which are haemodynamically insignificant. In contrast, the risk of endocarditis at the site of haemodynamically important low-pressure lesions, such as a large atrial septal defect, is minimal.\nRef: Davidson 23rd ed page no 527', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 9a901f04-8eb8-4e4f-a332-14cf2a3c70a3 | [{'content': 'Clavulanic acid added to ampicillin causes: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increase\teffectivity\tagainst\tgram-negative organisms, B. Inhibition of β-lactamases, C. Increases the effectiveness against delta lactamase producing organism, D. Increase\teffectivity\tagainst\tgram-positive organisms', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | ea6a7fd2-866e-4934-b05d-e2c642af9994 | [{'content': 'Epidural hematoma is caused by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Middle meningeal artery, B. Vertebral artery, C. Anterior cerebral artery, D. Posterior cerebellar artery', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | f9b6bce4-d7b0-4828-8574-8bbabd89fdad | [{'content': 'With respect to peripheral vascular disease, all of the following statements are true except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ankle brachial index < 0.5 indicates critical limb ischemia, B. The ankle-brachial index is different at rest than that during exercise, C. L-arginine is useful for providing endothelium-independent vasorelaxation, D. Smoking has a greater association with peripheral vascular disease than coronary vascular disease', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. d. Smoking has a greater association with peripheral vascular disease than coronary vascular disease > c. L-arginine is useful for providing endothelium-independent vasorelaxationSainston I9/e p/ 730; Schwaz 9/e p751, Bailey 26th/S75, 25th/900-902)Smoking has greater association with coronary aery disease than peripheral vascular disease. L-Arginine is a precursor of Nitric oxide so helps in vasodilation due to synthesis of NO by endothelium. Hence it is endothelium-dependent.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | ebc190bb-4cbd-4640-9429-8fbd448866dc | [{'content': 'Pregnant women with following is called systemic hypeension: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hypeension diagnosed at 10 weeks of gestation, B. Diabetic retinopathy, C. Diabetic nephropathy, D. Episode of seizure', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. Hypeension diagnosed at 10 weeks of gestationChronic underlying hypeension or systemic hypeension is diagnosed in women with documented blood pressures > 140/90 mm Hg before pregnancy or before 20 weeks' gestation, or both.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 3ffd5c17-afde-4101-a4a4-8ed3dfc98918 | [{'content': 'The highest risk associated with the use of oral contraceptives is in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hepatic necrosis, B. Permanent sterility, C. Thromboembolic disorders, D. Cancer of breast', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Serious Complications\n\nLeg vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: The older preparations increased the incidence of venous thromboembolism, but this is found to be less marked (only 2-3 patients per 1000 women years) with the newer reduced steroid content pills. However, even low-dose pills pose significant risk in women > 35 years of age, diabetics, hypertensives and in those who smoke. The excess risk is due to the estrogen component of the OC, and normalizes shortly after stopping the OC.\nRise in BP: Occurred in 5-10% women taking the earlier pills. The again is less frequent and smaller in magnitude with the low-dose pills of today. If the BP rises, best is to stop OCs: the BP normalizes in the next 3-6 months. Both the estrogen and progestin components are responsible for this effect, probably by increasing plasma angiotensinogen level and renin activity which have been found to be raised during OC use. Aldosterone secretion is enhanced resulting in salt and water retention.\n\nReference: Essentials of Medical Pharmacology Eighth Edition KD\xa0TRIPATHI\xa0page no 351', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 5a9b5587-a3c1-4bb7-9a7b-4da6e5094e68 | [{'content': "A neuralgia with trigger zones in the oropharynx and pain\nin the ear pharynx, nasopharynx, tonsils and posterior tongue is most likely: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Trigeminal neuralgia, B. Bell's patsy, C. GlossopharyngeaL neuralgia, D. Sphenopalatine neuralgia", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 8340cc71-4a15-4134-b582-fed084765cf0 | [{'content': 'Ergometrine is contraindicated in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Eclampsia, B. Abortion, C. Induction of labour, D. Post partum hemorrhage', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Contraindications for the use of Ergometrine are:', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Anaesthesia | bee22c8c-3527-403f-903a-bd535bc3dd68 | [{'content': 'Which is not an obvious advantage of high pressure oxygen through cannula: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bypassing nasopharyngeal dead space, B. Decreases need for intubation, C. PEEP, D. Hot and Humidification of air', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: High pressure oxygen through cannula: Oxygen supply system capable of delivering up to 100% humidified and heated oxygen at a flowrate of up to 60 liters per minute. This device increases the FiO2 (21-100%) and reduces the need for intubation. It also creates some amount of PEEP: 3-5mmhg', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ef314f7b-421d-42bd-8878-4cd6abfc59bc | [{'content': 'Silicate cement is indicated in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mouth breathers, B. Patients with high caries index, C. In the restoration of posterior tooth, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Up to the early 1970s, silicate cement restorations were used for anterior esthetic restorations. This material was used because of its tooth-colored properties in addition to its ability to release significant amounts of fluoride.\nThe anticariogenic potential of silicate cement confirms the ability of F- to inhibit demineralization, that’s why silicate cement has use in patients with high caries index.\nReference: PHILLIPS’ SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS, 12th ed page no 14', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | e15bd12a-6b91-40be-a531-eef51948125d | [{'content': 'Effect of radiation is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cumulative, B. Fractionalized, C. Concentrated, D. Dependent on genetic make-up of individuals', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
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