Datasets:

PhaedrusFlow

/

test1

like 0

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine

98db720a-e70e-4db0-8df7-77da4048523e

[{'content': 'A 42 years old woman from a dry state who ingested rye for long time presented with complaints of weakness in both lower limbs, nausea and fatigue. Over due course of time, she is completely unable to walk. What is the most likely cause? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Argemone mexicana, B. Amanita, C. Ergot alkaloids, D. Lathyrus sativus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Lathyrus sativus(Ref Park 24/e p682, 23/e p644, 657).This case is suggestive of food adulteration & neurolathyrism.Caused by Lathyrus sativus.Neurolathyrism:Crippling disease of CNS.Features:Characterized by gradually developing spastic paralysis of lower limbs.Mostly in adults consuming pulse, Lathyrus sativus.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

584b066b-f662-4854-9fb9-86b430bb6650

[{'content': "In Ludwig's angina, the 1st step when patient report to emergency room \nSelect and explain. \nA. Incision & drainage under local anaesthesia, B. Tracheostomy under general anaesthesia, C. Tracheostomy under local anaesthesia, D. I/V antibiotics and fluids", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy

18b70783-b5fa-484e-94f3-3084823c57fa

[{'content': 'Arterial supply of Submandibular gland is through which branch of ECA: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ascending pharyngeal, B. Superior pharyngeal, C. Maxillary, D. Facial', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

b0b54bca-bd14-47e5-ac75-b6fa6469ff65

[{'content': 'The community periodontal index of treatment needs is recorded for: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Quadrants, B. Sextants, C. One arch, D. Whole dentition', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology

21f2316e-83b3-4c4b-bc86-fec4f0a0e64b

[{'content': 'Syndrome which is characterized by 2X chromosomes and 1Y chromosome is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Kleinfelter syndrome, B. Down syndrome, C. Turner syndrome, D. Marfan syndrome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Klinefelter’s syndrome is associated with an extra X chromosome (47, XXY).\nMohan H. Textbook of pathology. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2015. Edition 7. Page 198', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology

c04418b3-8abb-4cb3-bd56-d5c2fd9adc70

[{'content': 'A patient who has been given tumoricidal dose of radiotherapy recently reports to dental clinic with painful carious exposed mandibular first molar with periapical abscess. The treatment of choice should be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Extraction of the offending tooth, B. Root canal treatment if possible, C. No treatment should be given, D. Incision and drainage of abscess', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry

407c6552-4139-4426-8b6d-4be7e666c733

[{'content': 'A material that speeds up a chemical reaction without chemically becoming involved is called: \nSelect and explain. \nA. A solvent, B. A base, C. A catalyst, D. Thermoplastic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology

0895e4fb-7bf7-4cd2-9cbe-d3baf43d7b71

[{'content': 'Histopathologically rosettes are seen in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Retinoblastoma, B. Neurocysticercosis, C. PNET, D. Medulloblastoma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A retinoblastomaRosettes are little round groupings of cells found in tumors.Usually consist of cells in a spoke-wheel or halo arrangement surrounding a central, acellular region seen commonly in Retinoblastoma.In well-differentiated retinoblastomas, the tumor cells are characteristically arranged in rosettes. The rosettes may be of 2 types-- Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes characterized by small tumor cells arranged around a lumen with their nuclei away from the lumen, and Homer-Wright rosettes having the radial arrangement of tumor cells around the central neurofibrillar structurePNET (Primitive Neuro-Ectodermal Tumour) :A PNET is composed of sheets of uniform small, round cells that are slightly larger than lymphocytes,Medulloblastoma:Individual tumor cells of medulloblastoma are small, with little cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei that are frequently elongated or crescent-shaped', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

dfd6bf3b-b4c4-48c9-87aa-4532fa309157

[{'content': 'A 20 years old female came with complaints of headache, vomiting and decrease in movement of right leg. In the past, she had episodes of violent and aggressive behaviour and abdominal pain. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Conversion disorder, B. Mitochondria disorder, C. Acute inflammatory demyelinating, paralysis, D. Acute intermittent porphyria', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. Acute intermittent porphyriaPeriodic abdominal pain (GI symptoms), peripheral neuropathy, headache (neurological symptoms) and psychiatric disorders (aggressive behavior) is highly suggestive of acute intermittent porphyria.Asymptomatic in majority of patients prior to pubeyMC symptom: Abdominal painIleus, abdominal distention & decreased bowel sounds are common.Nausea; vomiting; constipation; tachycardia; hypeension; mental symptoms; pain in limbs, head, neck, or chest; muscle weakness; sensory loss; dysuria; and urinary retention are characteristic.Tachycardia, hypeension, restlessness, tremors & excess sweating are due to sympathetic overactivity.Peripheral neuropathy is due to axonal degeneration and primarily affects motor neurons.Motor neuropathy affects the proximal muscles initially, more often in the shoulders & arms.Mental symptoms: Anxiety, insomnia, depression, disorientation, hallucinations, paranoia & seizures', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics

faf4af2f-9fe4-4062-9bdb-e21778b5cccd

[{'content': 'The commonest cause of occipitoposterior position of fetal head during labor is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maternal obesity, B. Multiparity, C. Deflexion of fetal head, D. Android pelvis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: In vertex presentation when the occiput is placed posteriorly over the sacroiliac joint or directly over the sacrum. It is called as occiptoposterior position.\nCauses of Occipitoposterior Position:\nMost common cause of occipitoposterior position is anthropoid and android pelvis:', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology

f37b26c3-1be2-4ebd-8a21-a44172a0b092

[{'content': 'Which of the following is not associated with gingival Lesions? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Herpes, B. Recurrent apthae, C. Pemphigus, D. Pyugenic granuloma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics

7297376f-a521-40a8-8402-2958f583c745

[{'content': 'Exclusive breast feeding may be associated with all of the following except – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hemolysis due to Vit–K deficiency, B. Evening colic, C. Golden colour stool, D. Prolongation of physiological jaundice', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Breast feeding protects against evening colic.\nEvening colic may be seen as a manifestation of allergy to cow's milk, but not with breast milk.\nHaemorrhage due to vit K deficiency may be seen. Breast milk contains very little Vit K - Dutta 4th/e p. 515 Hypoprothrombinemia, may therefore occur along with defeciency of other vit K dependent coagulation factors. (VII, IX, X). This predisposes to haemorrhagic disease in new horns.\nThere is strong association between exclusive breast feeding and neonatal jaundice. It is presumed to be due to inhibitory substance in the breast milk, that intefere with bilirubin conjugation e.g. pregananediol and free fatty acids.\nGolden colour stool may be seen.", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

064dbb22-b1c7-4606-b620-4848e139c57a

[{'content': 'A 60 years old man presents to the emergency depament with history of A, in unconscious state and gains consciousness in between but again becomes unconscious. The time when he becomes conscious is called as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lucid Interval, B. Extradural hematoma, C. Subdural hematoma, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer-A. Lucid intervalThis is a period occurring in insanity, during which all the symptoms of insanity disappear completelyThe individual is able to judge his acts soundly, and he becomes legally liable for his actsLucid interval is seen in mania, melanocholia and Extradural hemorrhage.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology

b71747a9-b89b-45b2-a54f-04765341177b

[{'content': 'Which of the following anticholinergic agent does not cross the blood brain barrier? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Glycopyrrolate, B. Atropine, C. Hyoscine butylbromide, D. Hyoscine hydrobromide', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. Hyoscine hydrobromideGlycopyrrolate is a synthetic quaternary anticholinergic, which doesn't cross the blood brain barrier and completely lacks central effects.", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

42a4b6d8-f4d9-4613-a31e-1a7dff4a3bab

[{'content': 'According to psychosexual theory development of personality and skills occurs: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Anal stage., B. Phallic stage., C. Latency stage., D. Genital stage.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

7086f77e-b7a7-46b6-991c-3b8b57e83282

[{'content': 'On radiograph of upper lateral incisor a periapical lesion is found after 2 years following RCT curretage was done and histopathology showed presence of apical cyst. Lesion continued to enlarge even after surgery, What is the reason for this. \nSelect and explain. \nA. Leaking from main canal, B. Unobturated accessory canal, C. Apex was not resected, D. Actinomycoses infection', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology

3082bf7d-871f-4f5a-9235-63668503c2e5

[{'content': 'Which of the following nerve root is the control center for the stapedial reflex? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Superior olivary complex, B. Lateral lemniscus, C. Inferior colliculus, D. Medial geniculate body', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Superior olivary complex(Ref Gray's 40/e p628, Ganong 25/e 207, 24/e p207)Superior olivary complex - Control center for stapedial reflex.", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology

98243ad1-35e0-44dd-886a-9284c2602397

[{'content': 'KLK4 gene mutation is associated with which type of amelogenesis imperfecta? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hypoplastic, B. Hypomaturation, C. Hypocalcification, D. Hypoplastic hypomaturation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Physiology

7d9967cf-83ed-4796-be25-4c0637193d4c

[{'content': 'Absolute refractoriness of a neuron is due to? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Closure of activated Na channels, B. Closure of inactivated Na channels, C. Hyperpolarization of CI channels, D. Opening of rectifier K + channels', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Absolute refractory period: The period during which 2nd action potential cannot be elicited, even with strong stimulus is called "ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD". Reason for this restriction is that sholy after action potential is initiated, the sodium channels (or calcium channels / both) become inactivated & no amount of excitatory signal applied to these channels at this point will open inactivated gates. Only condition that will allow them to reopen is when membrane potential returns to or gets close to original resting membrane potential level. Then, within another small fraction of second, inactivated gates of channels open & new action potential can be initiated This period for large myelinated nerve fibers is about 1/2500 second thus, such fibers can transmit maximum of about 2500 impulses per second - Na have 2 gates, activated gate & an inactivated gate. At resting state - active gate - closed - inactive gate - open At stimulus - both gates are open At absolute refractory period - active gate - open; inactive gate - closed Next action potential is generated only after inactivated gate is open & both gates go back to resting state.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology

112a964e-4163-4b9f-a26a-f482e0f9d827

[{'content': "Dinesh, a 24-year-old male, complains of loose teeth\nin a single quadrant. His radiograph shows irregular bone loss and histopathology reveals eosinophils and histiocytes. The most probable diagnosis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, B. Paget's disease, C. Osteoclastoma, D. Albright's syndrome", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology

ee31cc18-91fd-4582-a3e8-5311e85521b3

[{'content': 'Perception of taste even in absence of stimuli is known as \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ageusia, B. Dysguesia, C. Cocoguesia, D. Phantoguesia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

11b93c69-b9e9-47ec-821c-779598f139c1

[{'content': 'The anesthetic drug injected for paravertebral block is least likely to diffuse to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Epidural space, B. Subarachnoid space, C. Intercostal space, D. Superior and inferior paravertebral space', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

5cfbf418-71b5-46c6-bc7a-d15cfee99283

[{'content': 'Which of the local anesthetic agent can be given in liver failure cases? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Articaine, B. Lignocaine, C. Bupivacaine, D. Benzocaine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Benzocaine can be given in liver failure patients since it is ester type, and can be metabolized by cholinesterase in plasma.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

22b67281-ec00-460f-8b87-52474874ac6d

[{'content': 'To assure surgical hemostasis, the best blood product\nadministered\tpreoperatively to\tpatients\twith\tclassic\nhemophilia is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Whole blood, B. Factor 8 concentrate, C. Fresh frozen plasma, D. Factor 9 concentrate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

eab9d801-7f73-4ea9-92e9-2c7077db5e14

[{'content': 'Which of the following clasp is preferable on a partially erupted tooth for adequate retention of removable orthodontic appliance? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Circumferential clasp, B. Adams clasp, C. Jacksons clasp, D. South end clasp', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pediatrics

ddbbe993-0717-40b7-8f55-a75d4de40a81

[{'content': 'About Juvenile Myoclonic epilepsy, all are true EXCEPT: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Valproate is contraindicated, B. Lamotrigine can be given, C. Phenytoin is not the preferred drug, D. Polygenic inheritance', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Juvenile Myoclonic epilepsy: also known as Janz syndrome Seen in adoloscent age group Typically presents with myoclonic jerks causing patient to drop objects GTCS, clonic seizures and juvenile absences can also be seen Attacks are more prominent during early morning Drug of choice: Valproate; Lamotrigine can also be used', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry

8a42a6cc-3a47-4af9-ad8f-4aeacca7f382

[{'content': 'Enzymes are classified according to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Action on substrate, B. Action of coenzymes, C. Nature of the enzymes, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Ophthalmology

09657fa4-eeb3-4860-8b8c-f2e25c7eabab

[{'content': 'Enlargement of the blind spot occurs in which of the following \nSelect and explain. \nA. Primary open angle glaucoma, B. Diabetic macular edema, C. Optic nerve hypoplasia, D. Papilledema', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Primary open angle glaucoma - baring of the blind spot Diabetic macular edema - doesn't lead to any visual field defect Optic nerve hypoplasia - it is not developed enough to develop a proper visual field defect Papilledema (it is raised intracranial pressure causing disc edema ) - leads to enlargement of blind spot", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Surgery

285a31c4-9b01-416d-956d-82fa46d60bbb

[{'content': 'Percentage of surgical site infection in patients with clean contaminated wound after prophylactic antibiotic? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1-2%, B. <10%, C. 10-20%, D. 20-30%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Wounds classification: Clean - 5% Clean contaminated - 10% Contaminated - 20-30% Diy - 30-40% Wounds Class Definition I: Clean Uninfected operative wound without inflammation Respiratory, alimentary, genital or infected urinary tract is not entered Wounds are closed primarily, if necessary drained with closed drain Examples of Clean Wound Inguinal hernia Joint replacement Thyroidectomy Mastectomy Abdominal aoic aneurysm (AAA) repair II: Clean contaminated Operative wound in which respiratory tract GIT or genitourinary tract is entered under controlled condition without unusual contamination Examples of Clean Contaminated Wound Cholecystectomy CBD exploration Elective GI surgeries (elective colonic resection, gastrectomy) III: Contaminated Open, fresh accidental wounds Operations with major break in sterile techniques Gross spillage from GIT Incision in which acute non-purulent inflammation is encountered Examples of Contaminated Wound Spill during elective GI surgery Perforated gastric ulcer Appendicular perforation Penetrating abdominal trauma Enterotomy during bowel obstruction Human bite Open fracture TYPE OF SURGERY INFECTION RATE WITH PROPHYLAXIS IN % INFECTION RATE WITHOUT PROPHYLAXIS IN % CLEAN(no viscus opened) 1-2 1-2 CLEAN CONTAMINATED (viscus opened, minimal spillage) 3 6-9 CONTAMINATED (open viscus with spillage or inflammatory disease) 6 13-20 DIY (pus/perforation/incision through abscess) 7 40 Table no. 5.4 from Bailey and love's Sho practice of surgery, 27 Ed , Pg no-53", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

60646c53-a9be-48d4-a895-551f31fd3faa

[{'content': 'Direct impact on the bone will produce a: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Transverse fracture, B. Oblique fracture, C. Spiral fracture, D. Comminuted fracture', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine

4f50899d-3016-461b-bd81-c1c29fbe6d29

[{'content': 'A psychiatrist is not posted at: \nSelect and explain. \nA. PHC, B. Military hospitals, C. District hospitals, D. Hospitals with medical colleges', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. PHC(Ref Park 24/e p944, 23/e p9Ob, 221e p847).A psychiatrist is not posted at PHC.For sub-centre area of PHCApa from the essential staff, the desirable staff for both type A and type B PHC are:One of the two medical officers (MBBS) should be lady doctor, if the delivery case load is 30 or more per month.One AYUSH medical officer to provide choice to the people, where as AYUSH facility is not available in the vicinity.One staff nurse/nurse midwife.One health educator at the PHC.That makes total staff at type A PHC 18 and at type B PHC 21.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

9ca1d8a1-131f-4ed9-9ba6-e2fd8ed9e09d

[{'content': 'For posterior abutment with acceptable crown root ratios, average crown length, normal esthetic requirement, retainer of choice is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Full crown, B. Partial veneer crown, C. Resin veneer, D. PFM', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics

76ad139f-2d71-44b7-aca8-bd96da79500b

[{'content': 'A 45 years old patient presented with complaints of pain in abdomen and menorrhagia. Endometrial biopsy was normal and sonogram of uterus showed diffusely enlarged uterus with no adnexal mass. What is the diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fibroid uterus, B. Endometritis, C. Endometriosis, D. Adenomyosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D: Adenomyosis(Ref: Shaw's 16Ie p413-413, 13/c p4T 3; Novak's 13Ie p184; Robbins 9Ie p1012)Clinical features like abdominal pain and menorrhagia with normal endometrial biopsy and on ultrasound diffuse, symmetrical enlargement of uterus, in a perimenopausal women without any focal lesion is highly suggestive of Adenomyosis.Clinical symptoms include menometrorrhagia (irregular and heavy menses), colicky dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and pelvic pain, paicularly during the premenstrual period.Coexist with endometriosis.Often asymptomatic.Uterus is diffusely enlarged, although usually less than 14 cm in size, and is often soft and tender, paicularly at the time of menses.", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

e85a3e86-3c85-4691-ba5e-81189bae3d3d

[{'content': 'A patient is involved in chronic mouth breathing, the clinical examination of the patient reveals \nSelect and explain. \nA. Convex profile, long face, narrow arches, B. Concave profile, Long face, broad arches, C. Convex profile, short face, broad arches, D. Concave profile, short face, narrow arches', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy

638442d9-e6dd-42a0-9803-9042d9a88e09

[{'content': 'All of the following bones are involves in wrist joint formation; except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Scaphoid, B. Ulna, C. Radius, D. Triquetral', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. b. UlnaWrist Joint (Radiocarpal Joint)It is a synol ellipsoid joint.It is formed by aiculation of the distal end of the radius and the aicular disc above and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones below.Ulna excluded from the wrist joint by the aicular disc.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology

8b9b2db6-2ddc-4002-9547-5fcf2e7ed9c5

[{'content': "Hodgkin's disease is considered to be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Follicular reticulosis, B. Inflammatory disease, C. Chronic granulomatous disease, D. A malignant neoplasm", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

fdcb0022-449b-48e5-93b5-d9cd1813ed7b

[{'content': 'Majority of oral microorganisms are: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Strict anaerobes, B. Gram-positive bacilli, C. Spirochetes, D. Facultative anaerobes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics

1a54dc09-051e-419b-879e-6d435f34f711

[{'content': 'Which of the following is considered as high risk infant? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Working mother, B. Antenatal preeclampsia, C. Third child, D. Twins', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A. Working mother Identification of 'At Risk' Infants * Bih weight < 2.5 Kg* Bih order 5 or more* Aificial feeding* Weight below 70% of expected weight (i.e. grade II & III malnutrition)* Failure to gain weight during 3 successive months* Children with PEM, Diarrhea.* Working mother, one parent.* Spacing of less than 1 year.", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology

2aacf8d1-b36e-49be-8333-af91aa2a49c9

[{'content': 'Cells affected in glaucomatous optic neuropathy are: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Amacrine cells, B. Bipolar cells, C. Ganglion cells, D. Rods and cones', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. Ganglion cellsGlaucoma, the second leading cause ofblindness, is characterized by changes in the optic disc and visual field defects.The elevated intraocular pressure was considered the prime factor responsible for the glaucomatous optic neuropathy involving death of retinal ganglion cellsaand their axons.Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible visual loss, is characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons over a period of many years.Mainly the ganglions cellsa are affected in glaucoma patients, which may lead to glaucomatus optic atrophy.Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is characterized by changes in the optic disc and visual field defects.The morphologic changes in the optic disc are in the form of thinning of neuro retinal rim, pallor and progressive cupping of the optic disc.The hemorrhage-associated retinal nerve fiber layer defects precede measurable changes ofthe optic disc configuration.The visual field defects in glaucoma are often detected only after 40% of the axons are loss.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics

178bda2c-c1fc-47dd-8d73-ef6e7ddf0d22

[{'content': ". The most common fungal infection in the neonates transmitted by caregiver's hand is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Candida albicans, B. Candida glabrata, C. Candida tropicalis, D. Candida parapsilosis", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. d. Candida parapsilosis"C. parapsilosis infections are esptecially associated with hyperalimentation solutions, prosthetic devices, and indwellingcatheters, as well as the nosoeomial sprcad of disease throagh the hands of health care workers', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Surgery

38eb248f-7849-45e2-ac3c-6cb74c930f3e

[{'content': 'A Young Male complained of intermittent pain , swelling and discharge at the base of spine. He also had episodes of fever and repeated abscesses that had burst spontaneously , in recent past. By occupation , he is a jeep driver. On physical examination, diagnosis of pilonidal sinus was made. Which flap-based procedure is used for pilonidal sinus surgery? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rhomboid flap, B. Circular flap, C. Free flap, D. Rotational flap', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Pilonidal sinus surgery - excision of pilonidal sinus and cyst and repair of defect by flap. Flaps used: 1. Limber's flap 2.Karydakis flap 3. Rhomboid flap 4. Bascom procedure", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

61e943fb-b106-4e28-9639-4d6a46cd53ee

[{'content': 'Insufficient closure of the flasks during packing of denture base resin can result in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Poor colour stability, B. Less polymerization shrinkage, C. Increase in vertical dimension, D. Decrease in vertical dimension', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Dental

109040fb-d75a-40a0-a2de-e77b0e7a64fe

[{'content': 'Which is a true association: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lichen planus and malignant melanoma, B. Melasma and malignant melanoma, C. Psoriasis and metabolic syndrome, D. Vitiligo and metabolic syndrome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Chronic plaque psoriasis is an immune mediated inflammatory skin disease that is strongly associated with the clinical features of the metabolic syndrome (Mets), including abdominal obesity, hypeension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and nonalcoholic atty liver disease. There are complex interrelationships between the metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation. Vitiligo is associated with autoimmune diseases like Thyroid diseasea (hypehyroidism and hypothyroidism ), Pernicious anaemia, Addison disease, Diabetes, Myasthenia gravis, Alopecia areata', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

2dd66c3e-9b8c-421e-818b-5770ed270bfe

[{'content': 'Dental plaque adheres to the tooth because: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Levans are gummy, B. Dextrans are insoluble and sticky, C. Plaque grows into the irregularities, D. Microorganisms produce sticky lipoproteins', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

3cf954d4-ea8b-4c75-b70d-2e86af595b9c

[{'content': 'Arestin is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2% minocycline, B. 1% minocycline, C. 0.5% minocycline, D. 0.1% minocycline', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology

fef5262b-beee-4456-aef1-aa0f161733ea

[{'content': 'Histamine is present on surface of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lymphocytes, B. Mast cells, C. Neutrophils, D. Erythrocytes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

7dc6a7c7-66af-4073-8822-b2703ba88c5a

[{'content': 'Physical sign of severe aortic stenosis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. A late peaking holosystolic murmur, B. A delayed carotid upstroke, C. A diastolic rumble, D. An opening snap', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

29333174-adee-4031-90ef-a0c3ef043be0

[{'content': 'Nasal antrostomy usually done from through \nSelect and explain. \nA. Middle concha, B. Inferior concha, C. Middle meatus, D. Inferior meatus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

c54d9bde-0f32-4f38-a236-875013438ba9

[{'content': 'Increased VDO results in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Strained facial appearance, B. Trauma to underlying tissues, C. Clicking of teeth, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy

b924fda5-b814-48da-bd8a-4a5c46c292c6

[{'content': 'Mesodermal basis of lateral part of lip is formed by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Frontonasal process., B. Maxillary process., C. Globular process., D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy

12342b20-b7a0-4f14-91ed-c764fc51ed7b

[{'content': 'Sensory supply of cornea is by? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Infraorbital nerve, B. Supraorbital nerve, C. Infratrochlear nerve, D. Nasolacrimal nerve (probably printing mistake - probably Nasociliary nerve).', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Nasolacrimal nerve (probably printing mistake - probably Nasociliary nerve).Cornea:Richly supplied by nerves (without myelin sheaths & Schwann cell sheath).Extremely sensitive structure - Due to its dense nerve supply.Ooriginate from small ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, mainly by long ciliary nerve.Long ciliary nerve - Branch of Nasociliary nerve.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

026d473e-9f24-45f9-8a98-43045be5c30e

[{'content': 'Average Diameter of Apical foramen in an 18-25 years old adult is \nSelect and explain. \nA. 400 micrometer, B. 502 micrometer, C. 681 micrometer, D. 602 micrometer', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Skin

0c970c10-c97d-4025-b24d-e70245231e41

[{'content': 'A patient came with history of joint pain and fever for one week. For which the patient took NSAIDS foilowing which he developed rash and hyperpigmentation on nose. What is the most likelv diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Dengue, B. fixed Drug eruption, C. Chikungunya, D. melasma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans : C ChikungunyaRef: Hypapigmqtdion and &ilangurwfetEn &hasnw A" An has Demaor 20 I 6;9 I :g60-I r.Chikungunya fever (cF) is an acute febrile illness presenting with symptoms like intense asthenia, ahralgia, myalgia and headache and is caused by chikungunya virus (CV).Among the skin lesions, maculopapular rash is common, but seen in several viral illnesses, therefore, not useful in suspecting CF.Hyperpigmentation is a unique feature noted in CF.Hyperpigmentation associated with CF is macular and most commonly affects nose and cheeks.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT

ec1866a1-00c2-425a-8886-ff7321defbd9

[{'content': 'Which focal length in the objective piece of microscope is commonly used for ear surgery? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 100mm, B. 250 mm, C. 450mm, D. 950 mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Focal length of objective lens:\n\nFor ear surgery - 200 mm/ 250 mm\nFor Nose / Paranasal sinus surgery - 300 mn\nFor Laryngeal surgery-400 mn', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics

15cebe53-6289-419d-af57-d6f5c6177147

[{'content': 'What is the level of proteinuria to diagnose severe preeclampsia? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 20 mg, B. 200 mg, C. 300 mg, D. 3000 mg', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. 300 mg(Ref: Hypeension in pregnancy (ACOG laskforce on hypeension in pregnancy)-Obstetrics and gynaecology, Vol-122, No.5, November 2013; William's 24/e p181; Danfoh 10/e p264)Diagnostic criteria for pre-eclampsia:Proteinuria - 2300 mg per 24 hour urine collection.Removed from essential criterion for pre-eclampsia diagnosis by American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in 2013.In absence of diagnostic requirement of 5 gm as massive proteinaria for severe eclampsia - General definition of proteinuria (>300 mg) sufficient.", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology

a0876dd1-533e-4ce7-8d47-1b0ca81cd228

[{'content': 'Not true about piperacilline is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Active against pseudomonas aeruginosa, B. Inhibits Beta-lactamase, C. It is a ureido penicillin, D. Given parenterally', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics

6d9630ba-dad1-4241-aac6-e09dd761a9c1

[{'content': 'Which of the following disorder of mother leads to microcephaly in baby –a) SLEb) Hepatitis A c) Phenylketonuriad) Rubella \nSelect and explain. \nA. ab, B. cd, C. bd, D. ac', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Microcephaly is defined as a head circumference that measures more than three standard deviation below the mean for age.\n\nCauses of microcephaly', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Anatomy

f1f62761-750a-4d61-ae39-13f4c4e131d5

[{'content': 'Left superior intercostal vein drains into ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Azygous vein, B. Hemiazygous vein, C. Brachiocephalic vein, D. Internal thoracic vein', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: 2,3,4-posterior intercostal vein on left side drains into left superior intercostal which fuher drains into left brachiochephalic vein . Right and left brachiocephalic veins joins to form superior vena cava that opens into right atrium Posterior Intercostal Veins and their drainage: Right side drains into 1stposterior intercostal vein Right brachiocephalic vein 2,3,4 posterior intercostal vein Arch of azygos vein 5 to 11 posterior intercostal vein Azygos vein Left side drains into 1stposterior intercostal vein Left brachiocephalic vein 2,3,4-posterior intercostal vein Left brachiocephalic vein 5,6,7 posterior intercostal vein Superior hemiazygous vein 8,9,10 posterior intercostal vein Inferior hemiazygous vein', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

c16a9d6e-5e30-4209-94b1-1f9e8444c9c9

[{'content': 'Bakers anchorage is a type of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Intramaxillary anchorage, B. Intermaxillary anchorage, C. Extraoral anchorage, D. Muscular anchorage', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Baker Anchorage\nIn most of the malocclusion cases, the upper teeth protruded\xa0excessively and the lower teeth and jaw seemed\xa0to be underdeveloped. Obviously, the mere expansion\xa0of the upper and lower arches would not achieve the\xa0desired correction. Some means had to be found to\xa0correct the protrusion of the upper teeth and the underdevelopment\xa0of the lower teeth and jaws. This was\xa0achieved by so-called Baker anchorage, a method of\xa0using intermaxillary rubber bands.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy

eacfff8d-51f4-440b-b560-43c3a7240da5

[{'content': 'Early fusion of the coronal suture results in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Brachycephaly, B. Oxycephaly, C. Trigonocephaly, D. Scaphocephaly', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

0d75a2e6-67c5-46d4-a888-3912e99ee80f

[{'content': 'In 1921, school dental nurse was started in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Adelaide, B. Wellington, C. New cross, D. Connecticut', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

239b31b9-74b7-49f5-b753-693ebb451e33

[{'content': 'The proximal walls of a class II cavity on a deciduous molar: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Follow directions of enamel rods, B. Converge toward occlusal surface, C. Diverge toward occlusal surface, D. Undermine enamel which is very thin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine

11271a83-0b83-4fb4-b809-05e352546743

[{'content': 'Which of the following is used for selecting patients with respect to potential factors that will affect the results? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Systematic random sampling, B. Simple random sampling, C. Stratified random sampling, D. Cluster sampling', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Stratified random samplingRef. Park 24/e p886, 23/e p850, 22/e p792; BK Malunan 6th/100-101).Stratified random sampling is used for selecting patients with respect to potential factors that will affect the results.Stratified random sample:The sample is deliberately drawn in a systematic way so that each poion of the sample represents corresponding strata of universe.This method is paicularly useful where one is interested in analyzing the data by a ceain characteristic of population, viz. Hindus, Christians, Muslims, age-groups etc.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology

4c6b43ff-d302-4bb0-b9b6-873cd50cb014

[{'content': 'Which of the following is not a physiological method of heat loss from the body? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sweating, B. Vasodilation, C. Posture, D. Peripheral vasoconstriction', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

cda050a3-e395-412f-8291-6159a9b67cb4

[{'content': 'Single central pit is formed on the occlusal surface of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lower 1st premolar, B. Upper 1st premolar, C. Lower 2nd premolar, D. Upper 2nd premolar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

65819e7c-73c5-4f7e-bed7-9a8d74c207ac

[{'content': "After a surgery, the surgeon asked the intern to remove the Foley's catheter but he could not do it. The surgeon himself tried to remove the Foley's catheter but he was unsuccessful. What should be done next? \nSelect and explain. \nA. CT-guided rupture of bulb of Foley's, B. Inject ether to dissolve the balloon and pull it out, C. Inject water to overdistend the balloon until it bursts and Foley's can be removed, D. Use ultrasound guidance to locate and prick the balloon and then remove the catheter.", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Use ultrasound guidance to locate and prick the balloon and then remove the catheter.http://www.aafp. orglafp12000109151p1397).Best technique in this situation is ultrasound-guided rupture of balloon.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology

96d449da-7560-45e2-aa9b-2b5a74296f25

[{'content': 'True about ythT cells: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Are helper t cells, B. Oligoclonal proliferation, C. Antigen presentation, D. Opsonization', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Oligoclonal proliferationCell TypeSubsetMain mediatorsEstablished roleFindings in allergic rhinitis (AR)gd T cell* IFNg * IL-17A * IL-17F* IL-22* proinflammatory and immune-modulating functions at epithelial surfaces* innate and adaptive immunity paicipation* ydT cytokines induce B cell IgE synthesis* suppo Th2 inflammatory response* oligoclonal proliferation in nasal mucosa (?)* | circulating ydT cell percentages correlating with Th17 numbers in AR* negative correlation with Tregs', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

46b0b982-5809-4e21-a3d7-9f7872fdd13b

[{'content': "Lateral shift (Bennett's movement) influences: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Faciolingual position of teeth, B. Mesiodistal position of the teeth, C. Both of the above, D. None of the above", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy

6dd554fa-dd9a-4ea8-a150-68273bd7512d

[{'content': 'Abnormal development of a joint is known as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Synostosis., B. Dysostosis., C. Both, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

6b388442-3d94-4203-903b-a1f4e1e0be7e

[{'content': 'For a loose complete denture relining and rebasing can be done in which of the following condition \nSelect and explain. \nA. Excessive alveolar bone loss, B. When centric relation and centric occlusion do not coincide, C. The patient is poor and cannot afford new denture, D. More than 2mm loss of alveolar bone height', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

a98a35a9-a1c5-4d03-9049-96a1b8f60789

[{'content': 'Odontoblastic layer’s cell size: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Directly depends on no. of dentinal tubules, B. Tall columnar in crown, C. Squamous in apical portion, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

1e6d84fb-a062-4394-803a-d7466fc8cd83

[{'content': 'Percentage of Phosphoric acid where Dicalcium phosphate\nmonohydrate is formed that cannot be rinsed off. \nSelect and explain. \nA. 25%, B. 37%, C. 50%, D. 85%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

89dc8003-fb16-432a-9da3-4d8464ca9ab8

[{'content': 'Preferred haemostatic agents for perforation repair include all except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Freeze dried bone, B. Calcium Hydroxide, C. Ferric Sulphate, D. Collagen', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

ae5183a1-f2a6-4071-8cab-611ccc927599

[{'content': 'A patient with Hb 7 was to be transfused with 2 packs of blood. The first pack was transfused in 2 hours after which vitals were stable and then the transfusion of the next pack was staed . But suddenly the patient develops breathlessness and hypeension. What can be the cause of this sudden reaction? \nSelect and explain. \nA. transfusion related circulatory overload (TACO), B. allergic reaction to transfused blood, C. transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI), D. transfusion related acute renal failure', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious blood transfusion complication characterized by the acute onset of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema following transfusion of blood products.Hypotension, and fever that develop within 6 hours after transfusion and usually resolve with suppoive care within 48 to 96 hours. Although hypotension is considered one of the impoant signs in diagnosing TRALI, hypeension can occur in some cases.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

6252f5b1-80de-49b0-8e07-0d34604f28b3

[{'content': 'A 50 years old male presented with frontal bossing, enlarged nasal bone, enlarged jaw and spade like fingers. Which of the following test will you do for diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. IGF1, B. ACTH, C. TSH, D. Serum coisol', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. IGF1An IGF-I level provides a useful laboratory screening measure when clinical features raise the possibility of acromegaly.Acromegaly-Diagnosis:Screening investigation of choice in acromegaly: IGF-lConfirmatory & Gold standard: Oral Glucose Tolerance tests', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

b70b70d6-0d72-41b3-bc8b-405f0e83fa03

[{'content': 'Which of the following inducing agent has analgesic property? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Nitrous oxide, B. Hatothane, C. Enflurane, D. Sevoflurane', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy

5f2e0649-aabe-48ad-9063-2c4554d053a2

[{'content': 'Which of the following is not present in posterior\ntriangle of neck? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Phrenic nerve, B. Subclavian nerve, C. External jugular vein, D. Hypoglossal nerve', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Medicine

0489f20c-a0ce-4251-9eec-e8d5e691a49e

[{'content': 'A patient of hypeension on Metoprolol, Verapamil was given. This is will result in? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Atrial fibrillation, B. Bradycardia with AV Block, C. Torsades De pointes, D. Tachycardia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Metoprolol - |HR Verapamil - A-V nodal delay, |HR So, Bradycardia with AV Block - Torsade's De points: Class IA / IC / III: anti antiarrhythmic", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

80688adc-469d-4faf-b88e-0b143b8b67ad

[{'content': 'A patient with history of frequent abortions and pain in calf muscles from past 4 years is due to deficiency of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Factory VII, B. Protein c, C. Plasmin, D. Thrombin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

d30810ac-71e2-4a3b-be2f-f8b29b0f1055

[{'content': "Which of the following is true regarding Galeazzi's fracture dislocation? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Interosseous membrane tear with ulnar shaft fracture, B. Radial collateral ligament tear with interosseous membrane tear with radial shaft fracture, C. Interosseous membrane tear with triangular fibro-cailage complex (TFCC) tear and ulnar shaft fracture, D. Interosseous membrane tear with triangular fibro-cailage complex (TFCC) tear and radial shaft fracture", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. Interosseous membrane tear with triangular fibro-cailage complex (TFCC) tear and radial shaft fractureGuleazzi\'sfracture is afracture of lower one-third of radius wilh dislocation of distal radioulnar joint. It is associated with tearing of interosseous membrane and triangular fibrocailage complex (TFCC)."Components of Distal Radioulnar Joint (DR(LJ): The distal radius and ulna are linked to each other by the interosseus membrane, the capsule of DRUJ and the triangular fibrocailage complex (TFCC).', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

76eb0208-23fa-422d-aa0b-c4d5ec0fc3b5

[{'content': 'In the intercuspal position, the lingual cusp of\nmaxillary 2nd premolar contacts the: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Distal fossa of mandibular 2nd premolar, B. Mesial fossa of mandibular 1st molar, C. Distal marginal ridge of mandibular 2nd molar, D. Distal marginal ridge of mandibular 1st premolar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

23e4f458-0d08-4562-8a80-4b5a1a1df64f

[{'content': 'A Female patient was brought to the ER with altered sensorium. On examination BP was 88/67mm with a pulse of 60/min. Rectal temperature was 34 Celsius. There was associated history of constipation, dry skin and menorrhagia. What is the diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Myxedema Coma, B. Septic Shock, C. Hypothermia, D. Cardiogenic Shock', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Myxedema ComaRef: Harrison, I8\'t\' ed., pg. 2922.Myxedema coma is a state of decompensated hypothyroidism.A person may have lab values identical to a "normal" hypothyroid state, but a stressful event (such as an infection, myocardial infarction or stroke) precipitates the myxedema coma state, usually in the elderly.Primary symptolns of myxedema coma are altered rnental status and low body ternperature.Low blood sugar, low blood pressure, hyponatrereria, hypercapnia, hypoxia, slowed hea rate, and hypoventilation may also occur.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Anaesthesia

522522f6-47cd-4dbc-843d-8dbd3768bff7

[{'content': 'Duration of action of proparacaine: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2min, B. 5min, C. 10min, D. 20min', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Proparacaine (It is an ester containing LA) has fast onset (within 30 sec) and sho duration of action (10-20 minutes) Used in ophthalmic surgeries. Metabolized by pseudocholinesterase', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

bf221348-de3d-4d97-ad8e-eb42f7361518

[{'content': 'When it is made up of same steel, size 55, which will be more prone to fracture: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Triangular reamer, B. Rhomboid cross section file, C. Square cross section file, D. Headstrom file', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

1abe8eca-d5a3-4e0a-841c-3dc4de337ca1

[{'content': 'Which of the following is true about master apical file? \nSelect and explain. \nA. The last file which is selected for the obturation, B. The initial file which is selected for initial radiographic working length, C. The smaller file used in between the other file during biomechanical preparation, D. The last file which is used for removal of soft debris from root canal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine

fd1abff0-73fe-49da-b311-3184d0c0e54d

[{'content': 'A patient presents to the emergency with altered sensorium. All of these tests should be done except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Complete blood counts, B. Random blood sugar, C. Lumbar puncture, D. Non-contrast CT head', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Lumbar puncture(Ref Harrison 19/e p1773, 18/e p2251)Recommends imaging study prior to lumbar puncture.Excludes raised 1CP causes (large intracranial mass lesion) a Preventing herniation.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

a4b5e737-c930-4108-ab83-ea8881ab12ee

[{'content': 'Figure depicts: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Balanced force technique, B. Anticurvature filing, C. Standarized technique, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Anticurvature Filing\nThis technique is designed to keep files away from the furcational zone of curved root canals thus preventing excessive removal of dentin and strip perforations at this critical zone. This goal should be achieved by use of precurved instruments (files) at the outer side of the curvature.\nWhen the file can be easily negotiated around the ledge, anticurvature filing will enable the clinician to blend the ledge into the canal preparation.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology

ddf9fb8c-9f79-4897-b012-bb419f270aa0

[{'content': 'Under polarised light, the congo red stained amyloid shows- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pink or red color, B. White color, C. Apple green birefringence, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. Apple green birefringenceAmyloid has an affinity for Congo red stain; therefore this method is used for confirmation of amyloid of all types. If the stained section is viewed in polarised light, the amyloid characteristically shows apple-green birefringence due to cross- b-pleated sheet configuration of amyloid fibrils.The stain can also be used to distinguish between AL and AA amyloid (primary and secondary amyloid respectively).', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

47f3d905-57f2-47d1-b710-b40e20b635a2

[{'content': 'In sleep apnea syndrome, AHI Index for mild sleep apnea is \nSelect and explain. \nA. >5, B. >15, C. >10, D. >30', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology

3f50c7e4-d166-4d0e-8a68-d309be739f05

[{'content': 'All are true of midazolam over diazepam except \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2 to 3 times more potent than diazepam, B. It has low water solubility and shows minimal risk for thrombophlebitis, C. Has more affinity for benzodiazepine receptors, D. Better anxiolysis and amnesia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

0c21fc49-e165-4117-a139-d87a85f435f9

[{'content': 'Which of the following is non parametric test \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pearson correlation, B. ANOVA, C. Mann whitney test, D. Student t test', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery

b2fbf8f3-4379-40fe-83ac-c1deb1b5c045

[{'content': "Haglund's deformity is seen in which joint? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Elbow, B. Wrist, C. Knee, D. Ankle", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. AnklePrbminence of posterosuperior poion of calcaneus leading to heel pain is called Haglund deformity.A Haglund deformity, or pump bump, is caused by chronic inflammation of the adventitious superficial pretendinousAchilles bursa that separutes the Achilles tendon from the overlying skin."-Campbell\'s operative', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pathology

6fdf54ef-e9b7-4086-97b1-c159316a8d4f

[{'content': 'Naive T cell get activated by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. NK cell, B. Dendritic cell, C. Macrophage, D. B-lymphocyte', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Naive T cell get activated by antigen presenting cells such as Dendritic cell Macrophage B-lymphocyte Most impoant APC in activating naive T cell is dendritic cell Dendritic cell on skin is called as Langerhans's cell. They have granules called as Bier beck's granules These granules have rod like appearance with a dilated end hence known to have tennis racquet appearance Markers of Langerhans's cell CD 1 A S-100 HLA-DR Dendritic cell in lymph node is known as follicular dendritic cell. Follicular dendritic cell acts as a reservoir for HIV", 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology

72df8357-4e51-45f7-ae9d-669a9bfe9efc

[{'content': 'Lidocaine produces its antiarrhythmic effects by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increasing A-V conduction, B. Decreasing cardiac excitability, C. Increasing cardiac conduction velocity, D. Increasing spontaneous pacemaker activity', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

4facde08-e9dc-4bb1-b89b-74f09e84be19

[{'content': 'Marginal bone loss around mandibular implant depends on all except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Abutment, B. Boning technique, C. Connector, D. Implant fixture', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Bone loss around Implant-\n\nOne of the primary complications\nAbnormal if more than 0.2mm/year\nFor peri-implantitis 1 mm to 1.5 mm detectable bone loss recommended\n\nImportant factors on which bone loss depends around an implant-\n\nImplant size and shape (improper)\nInadequate in number compare to desired\nWrong positioning\nBone quality already poor or amount is inadequate\nInitial instability achieved\nCompromised healing phase\nImproper prosthesis fit like Implant fixture\nDefective design (like excessive cantilever, poor hygiene access)\nNon maintained or excessive occlusal forces\nImproper fitting of abutment components\nPoor oral hygiene\nSome systemic conditions like uncontrolled diabetes\nPoor oral habits like tobacco chewing, smoking', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

515aa26e-2c4f-41f8-9039-cc2f96a04eaa

[{'content': 'Size of apical foramen \nSelect and explain. \nA. Remain constant, B. Increases with age, C. Decreases with age, D. May increase or decrease with age', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

702667ab-e933-48db-91f6-f8c8a663a266

[{'content': 'In order to have balance in hand instrument: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Blade edge should be within 2 mm of the axis of handle, B. Blade edge should be within 2 mm of the axis of shank, C. Blade edge should be within 2.5 mm of the axis of handle, D. Blade edge should be within 2.5 mm of the axis of shank', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Balance is accomplished by designing the angles of the shank so that the cutting edge of the blade lies within the projected diameter of the handle and nearly coincides with the projected long axis of the handle. For optimal antirotational design, the blade edge must not be positioned away from the axis by more than 1 to 2 mm.\nSturdevants operative dentistry 7th edition page e1', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology

f447a6cc-d72e-4d0b-8330-ffc5c840394f

[{'content': 'A patient of septic shock was given intravenous norepinephrine. The response to this drug is best checked by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increase in hea rate, B. Decrease in hea rate, C. Increase in mean aerial pressure, D. Decreased renal perfusion and reduced urine output', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. c. Increase in mean aerial pressureNoradrenaline is a powerful peripheral vasoconstrictor and inotrope and used in patients of septic shock and cardiogenic shock. Noradrenaline causes peripheral vasoconstriction thereby increasing diastolic blood pressure as well as venous return. The increase in diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure can increase mean aerial pressure (MAP) which is the therapeutic outcome expected in any septic shock patient as a response to vasopressor.', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

9cb14715-ed8b-45e0-b388-1f03f960f83c

[{'content': 'In facial porcelain inlay what should be kept in mind? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Facial surface should be perpendicular to cavity margins, B. Facial surface should converge to cavity margins, C. Facial surface should be parallel to cavity margins, D. Axial wall is 2.5 mm deeper than normal', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]

This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental

be69c330-1008-4f75-bca3-3e1658c02f39

[{'content': 'Rapid tooth separation works on following principle: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Wedge principle., B. Traction principle., C. Both of the above., D. None.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}]