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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 0ba46472-54a7-4bb9-9802-a0546e24cede | [{'content': 'A bank employee felt depressed with no interest in activities came to AIIMS OPD. He was staed on Escitalopram. Which of these adverse effects cannot be explained with escitalopram? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Vivid dreaming, B. Anorgasmia, C. Sialorrhea, D. Nausea', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. C. SialorrheaEscitalopram belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI).Improves your energy levels and feelings of well-being and decrease nervousness.Used to treat depression and anxiety.MOA: Works by helping to restore the serotonin balance in the brain.S/E:Headache, Nausea, Ejaculation disorder, Somnolence, Insomnia, Dry mouth, Constipation, Fatigue, Libido decreased, Inability to achieve orgasm, Gas (flatulence), Toothache, Weight gain, Menstrual disorder, Neck/shoulder pain, Runny nose & Flu-like syndrome.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | ffd6dc42-8f32-4997-8d0f-b7a0639e02df | [{'content': 'True statements about osteoblasts are all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Derived from osteoprogenitor cells, B. Regulated by BM P, C. Have a plasma membrane showing multiple folds, D. Have neuropeptide receptors', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Have a plasma membrane showing multiple folds(Ref Gray's 40/e p87, 88, 91)Characteristic of osteoclasts:Plasma membrane showing multiple folds.I.e. ruffled borders are involved in osteocytic resorption.Osteoclasts:Large (40 or more) polymorphic cells.Have upto 20 oval, closely packed nuclei.Howship's lacunae - Lie in close contact with bone surface in resorption bays.Cytoplasm:Contains numerous coated transpo vesicles & microtubule arrays.Involved in vesicles transpo between Golgi stacks & ruffled membrane.Ruffled membrane - Highly infolded cell surface of active osteoclasts at local bone resorption sites.Osteoblasts:Derived from osteoprogenitor (stem) cells of mesenchymal origin.Present in bone marrow & other connective tissues.Proliferate & differentiate after stimulated by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs a into osteoblasts prior to bone formation.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 91f37b78-e350-49ad-bcc8-27ae95c9c027 | [{'content': 'Heart muscle, true are all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Act as syncitium, B. Has multiple nuclei, C. Has gap junctions, D. Has branching', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | bc68c59c-2c2a-4e86-921f-cb1ff395c4d5 | [{'content': 'IDL has \nSelect and explain. \nA. Apo B100 and Apo E, B. Apo C, C. Apo E, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 82089776-70c7-48e0-94ae-753e8b72949f | [{'content': "Fracture of mandible having mandibular height 8 mm, line of treatment: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Champy's plate, B. Lag screw, C. Reconstruction plate, D. All of the above", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: As reconstruction plate is load bearing plate.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 1348a664-1ccc-422f-a083-91d77cb24b92 | [{'content': 'Natural disaster causing maximum deaths \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hydrological, B. Meterological, C. Geological, D. Fires', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans is \'a\' i.e. Hydrological DisasterA "disaster" can be defined as \'any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health and health services on a scale stiffly-lent to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area\'.* A "hazard" can be defined as any phenomenon that has the potential to cause disruption or damage to people and their environment. - There are many types of disasters such as eahquakes, cyclones, floods, tidal waves, landslides, volcanic eruptions, fires, snowstorms, building collapse, toxicologic accidents, and warfare, etc.* Hydrological disasters (i.e. floods, tsunamis) are associated with causing a maximum death toll. Geological disasters: includes Eahquakes, Avalanches & Volcanic eruptionsMeteorological disasters: include Cyclones, Tornadoes, Hailstorms, Drought, Heatwaves, Blizzards (Blizzards are severe winter storms characterized by low temperature, strong winds, and heavy snow).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | fda4a6bd-3eb5-4641-88da-513b72c1d320 | [{'content': "A young healthy male patient presented with abdominal pain and history of altered bowel habits from the last 6 months. On CT examination, there was dilated distal pa of ileum, thickened ileocecal junction with thickened cecum with presence of sacculations on the antimesenteric border. The vascularity of adjoining mesentery is also increased and there is surrounding mesentery fat. Which of the following is not a differential diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ulcerative colitis, B. Crohn's disease, C. Tuberculosis, D. Ischemic bowel disease", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. Ischemic bowel diseaseCT scans associated with bowel ischemia include dilation of the bowel lumen, bowel wall thickening abnormal bowel wall enhancement, aerial occlusion, venous thrombosis, and intramural or poal venous gasDilation of an ischemic bowel segment suggests interruption of normal peristaltic activity.Symmetrical bowel wall thickening greater than 3 mm in a distended segment.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 817f4af3-ff25-4483-9498-58543bff63cf | [{'content': 'Kroll designed \nSelect and explain. \nA. RPI clasp, B. Bar clasp, C. Circumferential clasp, D. Altered clasp', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | dbd24ee5-8032-4316-9330-fe831f819c40 | [{'content': "If multiple myeloma is suspected in a patient's history and intraoral radiograph, which of the following radiographs should be taken to confirm the diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lateral skull, B. Anterior posterior view, C. Lateral oblique, D. Posterior anterior view", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 83190d93-147b-4abc-a5fc-500371388fd5 | [{'content': 'All of the following are signs of respiratory insufficiency except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hypoxia, B. Inability to speak, C. Strider during inspiration, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. All of the above(Ref Bailey 27/e p929-925, 26/e p303: Sobiston 20/e p557: Harrison 19/e p1661, 1731, 1732).Respiratory Insufficiency:Inability of lungs to function properly & maintain normal processes of oxygen uptake & carbon dioxide removal.Sign & symptoms of respiratory insufficiency:Fatigue, shoness of breath, heavy breathing, rapid breathing, exercise intolerance, hypoxia, inability to speak & stridor during inspiration.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 6ffe23a7-3bcd-4e1b-87f3-624fa12eab21 | [{'content': 'Eutectic mixture of 2.5% lignocaine and 2.5% prilocaine is used for \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gow gates technique for mandibular nerve block, B. Gasserion ganglion block, C. Intraputpal anesthesia, D. For anesthetizing intact mucosa', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 5d893dcf-745b-4d0f-beac-49218e05a726 | [{'content': 'Primordial cyst develops \nSelect and explain. \nA. In place of missing teeth, B. In teeth in which crown development is completed, C. In periapical region, D. In mandibular body', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 9c96643e-d192-43ab-ad4b-d1c6d863fa87 | [{'content': 'Precipitation of proteins is done by all of these except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Adding trichloroacetic acid., B. Adding acetyl alcohol and acetone., C. Adjusting pH to other than the isoelectric point., D. Salts of heavy metals.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Adjusting pH to other than the isoelectric pointProtein precipitation is widely used to concentrate proteins and purify them from various contaminants.Protein precipitation occurs at the isoelectric point of the protein and not at any other pH.Selective precipitation exploits differences in relative solubility of individual proteins as a function of pH (isoelectric precipitation), polarity (precipitation with ethanol or acetone), or salt concentration (salting out with ammonium sulfate).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | fc3d5863-8850-4136-8bf9-8f7bb80ca2cb | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not true for rifabutin as compared to rifampicin? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rifabutin has the longer half-life than rifampicin, B. Rifabutin has lesser incidence of drug-interactions, C. Rifabutin is more efficacious against MAC as compared to rifampicin, D. Rifabutin is more efficacious for pulmonary TB as compared to rifampicin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Rifabutin is more efficacious for pulmonary TB as compared to rifampicin(Ref Goodman Gilman 12/e p1550, 1552, 1554, 1568; Katzung 12/e p845)Rifabutin:Stronger activity against Mycobacterium avium complex (compared to rifampicin).Ineffective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RifabutinRifampicin (Rifampin)RifapentineProtein binding 718597Oral 2068deg-tmax (hours)2.5-4.01.5-2.05.0-6.0degHalf-life (hours)32-67deg2-5deg14-18Intracellular/extracellular9524-60degAutoinduction40%deg38%20%CYP3A inductionWeakPronouncedModerateCYP3A substrateYesdegNoNo', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a2c69e1b-2b47-4fdb-9eca-12d2338f7d8f | [{'content': 'Which of the following is most stable restoration for a G.V. Black class V unstable erosive lesion? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Acid etch composite, B. GIC, C. Resin modified GIC, D. Compomer', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 11dce32c-3739-443e-a77c-224198dc55a1 | [{'content': 'What is seen in syndrome X? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prediabetics, B. Prehypertensive, C. X chromosome mutation, D. More chances of syncope during dental extractions', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Syndrome X is a term used as a placeholder for a newly discovered group of symptoms. It may refer to:\n\nCardiac syndrome X\nMetabolic syndrome\nMetabolic syndrome (Formerly known as syndrome x) can dramatically increase your risk of serious health problems, such as diabetes, heart attacks, and strokes yet often people don't even know what it is.\nMetabolic syndrome is generally defined as a cluster of risk factors, including high blood sugar, extra abdominal fat, high blood pressure, and unhealthy cholesterol levels.\nInsulin resistance. Insulin is used to metabolize glucose. In people with insulin resistance, there is resistance against insulin action, due to which the body keeps making more and more of it to cope with the rising level of glucose. Eventually, this can lead to diabetes.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 23b88f5e-b7e3-45c0-9728-787444075c25 | [{'content': 'The stiffness of the bristles of a nylon toothbrush is dependent on the: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Diameter and length of filament, B. Amount of polish of filament, C. Colour of filament, D. Consistency of shape of the filament', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | 7af75a95-3b56-4e2e-b091-3c3eef052b67 | [{'content': "Campbell's lines are seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Transorbital, B. Transpharyngeal, C. Occipitomental, D. Transcranial", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f810f86c-2c67-44e8-b0df-0aafe73fa989 | [{'content': 'Free gingival groove represents \nSelect and explain. \nA. Histologic depth of gingival sulcus, B. False pocket depth, C. Depth of gingival sulcus, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 9915c2b8-8f39-4e35-a9c0-08f2f825137a | [{'content': 'All of the following are true regarding oxygenases except : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Incorporate 2 atoms of oxygen, B. Incorporate 1 atom of oxygen, C. Required for hydroxylation of steroids, D. Required for carboxylation of drugs', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. d. Required for carboxylation reaction (Ref Harper 2R/e p9R-102: Lehninger 5/e p8l 6).Oxygenase (which belongs to oxido-reductase class) cause incorporation of 2 atoms of 0, (dioxygenase) or 1 atom of 02 (monoxygenase or hydroxylase). Carboxylase enzyme, which belongs to ligase class is required for carboxylation.Cytochromes P450 are (heme containing) monoxygenasesdeg which take pa in hydroxylase cycledeg (NADH, NADPH and Fe2 S2 required), detoxify drugs in liver microsomesdeg (with cytochrome b5, Fe2 S2 not required).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Physiology | f990288f-3d8a-48a3-a4bf-ea3e1a20bf96 | [{'content': 'In females adrenal glands are the exclusive source for secretion of? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Estrogen, B. Testosterone, C. DHEAS, D. Progesterone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Adrenal Androgens:- Adrenal gland exclusively secretes DHEA (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE) from adrenal coex, especially during fetal life. It also secretes progesterone & oestrogens in minute quantity, which are female sex hormones, but they primarily come from ovaries. Testosterone in females comes from both ovaries and adrenal glands, but majority from ovaries.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 4127528f-2cc3-44bc-b07e-446577f5018c | [{'content': 'What is the dose of adrenaline in anaphylactic shock? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 0.5 ml in 1:1000, B. 0.5 ml in 1:10000, C. 1 ml in 1:1000, D. 1.5 ml in 1:1000', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A. 0.5 ml in 1:1000Severe hypersensitivity reactions, anaphylactic shockIM Injection:* Adults: The usual dose is 500 micrograms (0.5ml of adrenaline 1/1000). If necessary, this dose may be repeated several times at 5-minute intervals according to blood pressure, pulse and respiratory function.* Half doses of adrenaline may be safer for patients who are taking amitriptyline, imipramine or a beta blocker.Paediatric population:* The following doses of adrenaline 1/1,000 are recommended:AgeDoseOver 12 years0.5 mg IM (0.5ml 1:1000 solution)6 - 12 years0.3 mg IM (0.3ml 1:1000 solution)6 months - 6 years0.15 mg IM (0.15ml 1:1000 solution)Under 6 months0.01mg/kg IM (0.01ml/kg 1:1000 solution)* If necessary, these doses may be repeated at 5-15 -minute intervals according to blood pressure, pulse and respiratory function.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | e96f4302-770c-4b98-a01a-cae2bd1dfea0 | [{'content': 'Which combination forms day care anesthesia \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fentanyl, propofol, Isoflurane, B. Pethidine, Propofol, Isoflurane, C. Thiopental pethidime, Halothane, D. Thiopentane, isoflurane fantanyt', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3c51b6f8-0c1e-4f6f-9f2b-9b2463364ff2 | [{'content': 'CEREC AC which is true \nSelect and explain. \nA. Creates the image by video recording, B. Laser beam is used, C. LED is used, D. Composite metal resin alloy etc', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 1f6b3a83-ed5e-4d0e-90b3-f740ff95c763 | [{'content': 'All are used for postpaum hemorrhage except - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Misoprostol, B. Dinoprostone, C. Prostaglandin F2 alpha, D. Oxytocin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. B. DinoprostonePostpaum hemorrhage, the loss of more than 500 mL of blood after delivery, occurs in up to 18 percent of bihs and is the most common maternal morbidity in developed countries. Dinoprostone:Naturally occurring prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It has impoant effects in labour.It also stimulates osteoblasts to release factors which stimulates bone resorption by osteoclasts.As a prescription drug it is used as a vaginal suppository, to prepare the cervix for labour and to induce labour. Indication:For the termination of pregnancy during the second trimester (from the 12th through the 20th gestational week as calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period), as well as for evacuation of the uterine contents in the management of missed aboion or intrauterine fetal death up to 28 weeks of gestational age as calculated from the first day of the last normal menstrual period.In the management of nonmetastatic gestational trophoblastic disease (benign hydatidiform mole).Other indications include improving the cervical inducibility (cervical "ripening") in pregnant women at or near term with a medical or obstetrical need for labor induction, and the management of postpaum hemorrhage.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 9c46b53f-f0bc-4e3b-9b2e-9e9595bc38c8 | [{'content': 'Ratio of polymer to monomer in cold cure resin \nSelect and explain. \nA. 3:1 by volume and 2:1 by weight, B. 3:1 by weight and 2:1 by volume, C. 2:1 by volume and 2:1 by weight, D. 3:1 by volume and 3:1 by weight', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: When\xa0the\xa0powder\xa0and\xa0liquid\xa0components\xa0are mixed in the proper proportions, a doughlike mass results.\xa0Commercial products generally use a polymer-to-monomer\xa0ratio of approximately 3:1 by volume.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 0984768a-39e6-4291-bc0d-fd61da9d2829 | [{'content': 'According to WHO classification of periapical pathology, 4.81 means: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Periapical cyst, B. Lateral cyst, C. Residual cyst, D. Inflammatory periodontal cyst', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: WHO Classification:\n\nKo\xa04.4 Acute Apical Periodontitis\nKo 4.5 Chronic Apical Periodontitis\nKo 4.6 Periapical Abscess with sinus formation\n\t\n4.60 Sinus to maxillary antrum\n4.61 Sinus to nasal floor\n4.62 Sinus to oral cavity\n4.63 Sinus to outer skin of face\n\n\nKo 4.7 Periapical Abscess without\xa0sinus\nKo 4.8 Periapical cyst\n\t\n4.80 Apical / lateral cyst\n4.81 Residual cyst\n4.82 Inflammatory paradental cyst.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | bb58a829-673d-42e3-bd68-b4b9c0a56b80 | [{'content': 'Termination of diseases by extermination of micro organisms is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Eradication, B. Control, C. Elimination, D. Regional elimination', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Biochemistry | 0ae79405-095f-47c3-8fa6-e61495e66324 | [{'content': 'Which TCA intermediate is used in haem synthesis: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fumarate, B. Alpha keto gluterate, C. Malate, D. Succinyl CoA', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Solutions: - The first step of haem synthesis uses succinyl CoA which is intermediate to TCA. Fumarate, Alpha keto gluterate and malate (4C) is also intermediate to TCA. Malonate (3C) or malonyl CoA is inhibitor of 3 pathways in body - Succinate DH of TCA - Complex 2 of ETC - Beta oxidation of Fatty acid Acetyl CoA is not an intermediate of TCA. Haem synthesis It occurs in Mitochondria + cytoplasm (So, doesn't occurs in RBC)", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 308610da-6a5d-46d6-8e39-9d56159a3be0 | [{'content': 'Presence of glucose in urine indicates: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Patient suffers from diabetes insipidus, B. Patient has consumed excess sugar over long years, C. Renal threshold for glucose is exceeded, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Pathology | 4e6da460-99e2-4192-b3b6-b10f8827dce2 | [{'content': 'What among the following is the use of this? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prevent viral infections, B. Prevent transfusion related reactions, C. Prevent bacterial contamination, D. Prevent blood mismatch', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: The picture given above shows the WBC filter. | WBC's entering the body of the recipient | are the chances of development of transfusion related reactions. Purpose of having this kind of filter is that: - lesser chances of entry of WBC inside the body of the host. - Prevent the entry of (Cell) aggregates inside the body of the recipient. The size of the WBC filters can range from 170- 200m. The size of the transfusion needle is 18-19 gauge.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | c5065606-5cbb-4adc-85a7-f7e14bf4a75e | [{'content': 'A cell membrane is damaged by inseion of a micro needle, repair shall occur by which of the following process? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lateral movement of proteins, B. Enzyme catalysed process, C. Hydrophobic interactions, D. An active process involving hydrolysis of ATP', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. Lateral movement of proteins (Ref Harper 29/e p464, Ganong 24/e p36)Harper says 'Another indicator of the dynamic nature of membranes is that a variety of studies have shown that lipids and ceain proteins exhibit lateral diffusion in the plane of their membranes", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | c4dcbe78-cfc2-4499-a2f1-73e18d4e8cab | [{'content': 'The common complication of the local anesthetic prilocaine is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Agranulocytosis, B. Hepatic dysfunction, C. Methemoglobinemia, D. Loss of taste', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 1bf946f2-32f3-4345-aeae-7a58a68a6f1d | [{'content': 'Cross sectional from and dimension of lingual bar major connector is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 4 gauge full pear shape, B. 6 gauge half pear shape, C. 6 gauge round shape, D. gauge flat', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Microbiology | 7cc17f9f-5ecd-4e71-b32f-74fdf3a6537b | [{'content': "A 22 year old college boy with history of sex with commercial workers came to Derma OPD with lesion in genital region, tissue from this lesion was examined, which is the most likely finding? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Intracytoplasmic vacuolations, B. Multinucleated giant cells, C. Belongs to Herpes family, D. It's a RNA virus", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS It is an obligate human pox Virus that produces characteristic skin lesions. Clinical Manifestations Pink pearly wa-like lesions (2-5 mm size),umbilicated with a characteristic dimple at the centre. Lesions are characterized by: - Lack of associated inflammation and necrosis - Found singly or in clusters Distribution: lesions are found anywhere on the body except on palms and soles. Genital lesions are seen in adults Molluscum bodies are the Intracytoplasmic Eosinophilic inclusions seen in skin scrapings stained with histopathological stains.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 874d4aa8-bd34-404b-82a4-acc9bd5a62a9 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is advantage of sub-marginal flop? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cause less gingival shrinking, B. Cause Less scars, C. Less intra-operative bleeding, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 127f11db-dde3-4ebf-9748-9c2e56708e84 | [{'content': 'Glossy smooth margins of a casting are due to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Shrinkage of alloy on cooling, B. Investment breakdown, C. Incomplete wax elimination, D. Incomplete gas elimination', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3569a377-99ad-4363-bb2c-ad95cb9f3a03 | [{'content': 'What is the working time of zinc polycarboxylate cement? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1 minute, B. 2 minutes, C. 3 minutes, D. 4 minutes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Control of Working Time\n\nThe working time for polycarboxylate cement is much shorter than that for zinc phosphate cement, approximately 2.5 versus 5\xa0minutes.\xa0\xa0\nThe graph shows\xa0the\xa0relative\xa0viscosities\xa0and working times of zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, and GICs as they set.\xa0\nA cool slab lengthens the working time for zinc carboxylate cement, although it causes the polyacrylic acid to thicken, which hinders mixing.\xa0\nRefrigerating the powder is useful, because it retards the reaction without raising the viscosity of the liquid.\nPolycarboxylate cements are more viscous than a comparable mix of GIC; however, the polycarboxylate mix undergoes thinning at an increased shear rate.\xa0\nClinically, this means that rapid spatulation and fast seating will reduce the viscosity of the polycarboxylate cement to ensure complete seating.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 067c672c-d753-487d-aa0b-d6e73f98aa2d | [{'content': 'Risk factors for Coronary artery disease are all except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Smoking, B. Increased fibrinogen level, C. Hypertension, D. Alcohol consumption', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 4720c165-03b3-4a1a-9e51-1f36c0bcd1be | [{'content': 'In esophageal varices bleeding, which of the following is not used? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Endoscopy banding, B. Octreotide, C. Platelet transfusion, D. TIPS', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. Platelet transfusionBeta-blockersEndoscopic sclerotherapyEndoscopic variceal ligation (banding)A medication called octreotide - will lower the pressure in the swollen veins by tightening the blood vessels and reducing blood flow.Transjugular intrahepatic poosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure is another potential treatment option for recurrent bleeding esophageal varices', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 9aea1874-b4cf-4ba0-8de4-ac60866796ba | [{'content': 'Posterior pituitary insufficiency leads to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Diabetes mellitus, B. Diabetes insipidus, C. Dwarfism, D. Cretinism', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: ADH SYNTHESIS IN SUPRAOPTIC AND PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEI OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND ADH RELEASE FROM THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY\nFigure shows the neuroanatomy of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, where ADH is synthesized and released. The hypothalamus contains two types of magnocellular (large) neurons that synthesize ADH in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, about five sixths in the supraoptic nuclei and about one sixth in the paraventricular nuclei. Both of these nuclei have axonal extensions to the posterior pituitary.\nThe\xa0most\xa0important\xa0renal\xa0action\xa0of\xa0ADH\xa0is\xa0to\xa0increase\xa0the\xa0water permeability\xa0 of\xa0 the\xa0 distal\xa0 tubule,\xa0 collecting\xa0 tubule,\xa0and collecting\xa0duct\xa0epithelia. This effect helps the body to conserve water in circumstances such as dehydration. In the absence of ADH, the permeability of the distal tubules and collecting ducts to water is low, causing the kidneys to excrete large amounts of dilute urine, a condition called diabetes insipidus. Thus, the actions of ADH play a key role in controlling the degree of dilution or concentration of the urine.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 7bc43b0e-3731-49ad-a734-c924220e3deb | [{'content': 'All are used in preterm labour to decrease uterine contractility except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Methyl alcohol, B. Ritodrine, C. Magnesium sulphate, D. Dexamethasone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | cd385d3e-f948-4dbf-bccb-3e67436a580b | [{'content': 'Site specificity is seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Syphilis, B. Recurrent herpes Labialis, C. Carcinoma, D. Traumatic aphthous ulcer', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 9a664b49-9962-466f-a160-3ae2036dd720 | [{'content': 'Remodelling theory of craniofacial growth was given by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Brash, B. John hunter, C. Vander Klauuw, D. Sicher & Weinmann', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 17cb7e3f-0ca7-4937-a407-76bf9f401143 | [{'content': '10-year-old boy visits dentist with complicated crown fracture with abscess formation in 12. X-ray reveals radiolucency in relation to 11, 12. 12 is having immature blunderbuss canal while 11 has complete root formation, vitality of 11, 21 is negative. What would be the management of this patient? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Apexification of 12 and RCT of 11, B. Revascularization in 12 and RCT of 11, C. RCT of 12 and 11, D. Extraction of 12 and RCT in 11', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Since 11 is mature and has complete root formation, RCT will be preferred for this tooth.\nDue to immature status of 12 as evident from blunder- buss canal revascularization should be attempted for this tooth.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 56f96be4-b9c5-4ddf-bb48-1f01e541184f | [{'content': 'Lymphocytes found in the pulp proper are: \nSelect and explain. \nA. T lymphocytes, B. B lymphocytes, C. Both, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Lymphocytes, both T and B, are\xa0found in cell-rich zone and function in an immune capacity of\xa0the pulp.\nBut in pulp-proper zone, only T-lymphocytes are present.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | bd279945-7401-4ea3-9f54-bcda518ecc9c | [{'content': 'A 2 months old child was brought to the subcenter by his mother with complaints of fever for two days. Weight of the child is 2 kg. On examination, the child is restless and irritable, skin pinch went back in 2 seconds, oral mucosa is dry and eyes were sunken. There were ten pustules on his forehead. What should be done at the subcenter? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Refer to higher center with mother giving frequent sips of ORS., B. Immediately admit the child, give IV fluids and then refer to higher center., C. Give first dose of antibiotic and refer to higher center in an ambulance with sips of ORS along the way., D. Send child home with few packets of ORS and call after 3 days.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Give first dose of antibiotic and refer to higher center in an ambulance with sips of ORS along the way.(Ref .Ghai 8th/e p752-753: IMNCI Guidelines).Multiple signs of possible serious bacterial infection (10 skin pustules, diarrhea with severe dehydration & weight = 2 kg which is <-3SD).Hence, child should be immediately given first dose of injectable antibiotic, kept warm & referred to hospital with sips of ORS along the way', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 91b1635b-021f-4945-bb1d-5bdeed6389f4 | [{'content': 'In a left skewed curve, true statement is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mean = Median, B. Mean < Mode, C. Mean >Mode, D. Mean = Mode', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | cb19c2ac-3ade-4f32-9a3f-64f3d6efd517 | [{'content': 'Which of the following are seen in ectodermal dysplasia? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hyperpyrexia, B. Protuberant lips and frontal bossing, C. Defective or absence of sweat glands, D. Any of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Hyper pyrexia due to hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis, hypodontia, protuberant lips and depressed nasal and supraorbital bridges are important features of ectodermal dysphasia', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | e03a6d53-0c8b-4bf7-9710-c19083bcb018 | [{'content': 'A 60-year-old has got severe bulla and target lesion which erythema around halo and genital lesions: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Stevens Jhonson syndrome, B. Herpes zoster, C. Herpes simplex, D. Herpangina', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Stevens — Johnson syndrome is very severe bullous form of erythema multiformae and is characterized by oral, ocular and genital lesions.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Medicine | 86222cd5-174b-4f22-b54c-280039bb8322 | [{'content': 'A patient comes to ER with headache describing it as worst headache in his life. What is the next step? \nSelect and explain. \nA. CT brain, B. Lumbar puncture, C. MRI brain, D. Observation and analgesics', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Worst headache of my life s/o SAH Any intracranial bleeding, we need to do NCCT Shows blood in syln fissure from MCA (Middle cerebral aery) Lumbar puncture- C/I as patient may be having | ICT', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 6f4298ba-7916-4f1d-bd69-bd85a464d629 | [{'content': 'According to Vertucci’s classification of root canal, the fig shows: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Type III, B. Type IV, C. Type V, D. Type VI', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 2a9cc59f-8f5f-4035-8010-07d1cc7a2f64 | [{'content': 'In SCHWARTZ formula for calculation of creatinine clearance in a child, the constant depends on the following except – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Age, B. Method of estimation of creatinine, C. Mass, D. Severity of renal failure', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Schwartz formula (for creatine clearance in child).\n\nCreatinine clearance = K x height./ creatinine.\nK = constant\n\nK depends upon --> Age, Muscle mass, Method of creatinine estimation', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4a6df62e-15c7-471f-8dc7-d13ff49f0502 | [{'content': 'Pulpal medication and thermal protection is given by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Solution liners (2-5 μm), B. Suspension Liners (25-30 μm), C. Traditional Liner (0.2-0.3 mm), D. Cement bases', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 9a05d9f9-5d33-4d91-a084-6a11d7701611 | [{'content': 'Epstein pearls are: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gingival cyst of newborn, B. Gingival cyst of adult, C. Enamel pearls, D. Epithelial rests', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d5b9b2b3-09f3-41b8-89a1-232e7c61b806 | [{'content': 'White flecks yellow or brown spots on surface of teeth covering, giving papery white appearance \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mottled enamel, B. Incipient caries, C. Dental stains, D. Smooth caries', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 77a7b433-d391-4cef-b44e-5a9fd45d4756 | [{'content': 'Adult stage of filarial worms responsible for diseases in all of the following except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Brugia malayi, B. Onchocerca volvulus, C. Mansonella ozzardi, D. Wuchereria bancrofti', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Onchocerca volvulus Adult stage of Onchocerca volvulus filarial worms does not cause any illness or disease.Onchocerciasis:Primarily affects skin, eyes & lymph nodes.In contrast to pathology in lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis damage elicited by microfilariae & not by adult parasites.Onchocerca microfilariae:Released from female worms causing most severe damage.Migrating microfilariae (exclusively found in interstitial fluids of skin & subdermal tissues not bloodstream).Cause changes in skin pigment & loss of elastic fibers a "hanging groin, severe intractable & intolerable pruritus.Blindness (primarily men) develops over many years - Due to microfilariae accumulation in vitreous humor.Are not blood borne & hence, concentrate & remain in eye.Visual clouding, photophobia & ultimately retinal damage a Incurable blindness.(Ref: Harrison 19/e p1420).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4abe89b3-2fab-4615-8ba3-be109a8927fb | [{'content': 'Tooth in the mandibular arch which is most likely to be\ndisplaced due to arch size discrepancy is \nSelect and explain. \nA. First molar, B. Second molar, C. First premolar, D. Second premolar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Mandibular 2nd premolar is the most likely tooth to be displaced due to arch size discrepancy.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 0b81f878-0e23-4c6b-9fcd-697e8ea660c3 | [{'content': 'Inferiohyroid aery is a branch ol? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thyrocervical trunk, B. ICA, C. Costocervical trunk, D. ECA', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A. Thyrocervical trunkRef: Grays Anatomy,4Ia ed., pg. 455458Inferior thyroid aery is branch of thyrocervical trunk of subclan aery.The thyrocervical trunk arises fiom the front of the first pa of the subclan aery near the medial border of scalenus anterior, and divides into the inferior thyroid, suprascapular and superficial cervical aeries.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | aa635b02-d0c0-4006-a489-112ad9829e4d | [{'content': 'Secondary flare provides a marginal metal of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 10-20 degrees, B. 30-40 degrees, C. 140-150 degrees, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Secondary flare:\nIt is a flat plane superimposed peripherally to the primary flare. Advantages are:\n\nSecondary flare ensures cavosurface margins to extend into embrasures (self-cleansing area).\nPermits easy burnishing and finishing of the restoration.\nProduces more obtuse-angled and stronger cavosurface margin.\n\nIn class II cast gold inlay, proximal box should have flares so as to have metal of 30-40° which is burnishable.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ecc4eaa4-4fcd-4c62-9c73-2a047b98cdc5 | [{'content': 'A patient comes to a dentist with decayed mandibular 1st molar which involves the mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusp. The restoration of choice is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Intermediate restoration, B. Composite, C. Cast metal, D. GIC', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: The cast-metal inlay is an alternative to amalgam or composite when the higher strength of a casting alloy is needed or when the superior control of contours and contacts that the indirect procedure provides is desired. The cast-metal onlay is often an excellent alternative to a crown for teeth that have been greatly weakened by caries or by large, failing restorations but where the facial and lingual tooth surfaces are relatively unaffected by disease or injury. For such weakened teeth, the superior physical properties of a casting alloy are desirable to withstand the occlusal loads placed on the restoration; also the onlay can be designed to distribute occlusal loads over the tooth in a manner that decreases the chance of tooth fracture in the future.\nSturdevant operative dentistry\xa07th\xa0Edition, Page No:e94', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 23022df5-e07c-40f9-9f79-b3adff072f5e | [{'content': 'Marathon runner had pain in anteromedial tibia on regular walking/jogging for long hours. X ray is normal. Doctor orders a bone scan. What may be the probable diagnosis \nSelect and explain. \nA. Jones fracture, B. Shin splint, C. Lisfranc fracture, D. Nutcracker', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer: B. Shin splintShin splints (medial tibial stress syndrome) is an inflammation of the muscles, tendons, and bone tissue around your tibia.Pain typically occurs along the inner border of the tibia, where muscles attach to the bone.Shin splint pain most often occurs on the inside edge of your tibia', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 66a92c79-4225-497b-a55b-349983929898 | [{'content': 'Radiographic finding in Pindborg tumour is \nSelect and explain. \nA. burst appearance, B. Onion-peel appearance, C. Driven-snow appearance, D. Cherry-blossom appearance', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 5431f910-7edc-4bf7-a59a-00196a99b846 | [{'content': 'Risk of endocarditis is more in all in all of the following lesions except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. VSD., B. MR., C. AR., D. ASD.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Risk of endocarditis is less in low pressure lesions like Atrial septal defect (ASD) while it is more in high pressure lesions like ventricular septal defect (VSD), mitral regurgitation and aortic regurgitation.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | fe1e99cd-7e44-4118-b421-5944a39e5ae5 | [{'content': "The green stains frequently seen on children's teeth are\ncaused by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Materia alba, B. Enamel defects, C. Dentinal defects, D. Chromogenic bacteria", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 416729b9-8f0b-45d1-aa27-6674dacb9975 | [{'content': 'At low infusion rates of 3-5 mcg/kg/min, what action is produced by dopamine? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Vasoconstriction, B. Increased renal blood flow, C. Increased cardiac contractility, D. Decreased blood pressure', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Increased renal blood flow(Ref: Goodman Gilman 12/e p355; KDT 7/e p134. 6/e p507)Action of dopamine:At low concentrations (2 to 5 mcg/kg per minute):Primarily acts on vascular D1 receptors.Mainly renal, mesenteric & coronary beds.By activating adenylyl cyclase a raising intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations.D1 receptor stimulation a Vasodilation.Increases in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow & Nat+ K+ - ATPase pump.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | aec7983a-c204-4413-a238-5363abd77faa | [{'content': "Posselt's diagram indicates? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Motion of mandible, B. Protrusive relation of central incisor, C. Antero-superior relation of condyle in articular fossa in CR, D. None of the above", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 71e11d65-2238-4a3f-9b41-bfb7218c66e5 | [{'content': 'Which is the most common site for fracture in zygomatic arch fracture? \nSelect and explain. \nA. At the suture, B. Anterior to zygomaticotemporal suture, C. Posterior to zygomaticotemporal suture, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 01568e8b-f7f3-45bf-b1e0-3927e972d06c | [{'content': 'While taking final impression tray should be seated first: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Anteriorly, B. Posteriorly, C. Anteriorly or posteriorly depending upon operators choice, D. Anteriorly and posteriorly simultaneously', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 07f7dc0f-6050-4d44-b532-71e4d2787bac | [{'content': 'Following bilateral mandibular fracture in the canine region, the following muscles will tend to pull the mandible back: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Genioglossus and anterior belly of digastric, B. Genioglossus and mylohyoid, C. Genioglossus and thyrohyoid, D. Genioglossus and masseter', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | b674d02e-af50-4f16-9f81-e3983a854b6a | [{'content': 'The anemia associated with leukemia \nSelect and explain. \nA. Iron deficiency, B. Megaloblastic type, C. Myelophthisic type, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f282ac31-8ff6-4a2b-b1d3-f2ce16552888 | [{'content': "To regain arch length in anterior segment by moving incisors labially \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cephalometric analysis have to be made before taking up treatment, B. Use tongue blade therapy 20 times 1 day, C. Use of 7 spring with Hawley's retainer, D. Use on anterior bite plane", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3ff2f4ae-4e85-475c-9456-223c81930e98 | [{'content': 'According to scientists, recent studies says about the pattern of enamel prism demineralization, true is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Head and tail both are resistant to dissolution, B. Head and tail both are not resistant to dissolution, C. Head is more resistant to dissolution, D. Tail is more resistant to dissolution', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Enamel is mainly composed of millions of enamel rods or prisms, sheaths and a cementing inter rod substance.\nEach rod has a head and tail.\xa0\nThe head is directed occlusally and the tail is directed cervically.\xa0\nBasically, acid etching creates a 5 to 50 micron deep microporous layer into which adhesive resin flows.\xa0\nThis results in a long-lasting enamel bond achieved via micromechanical interlocking between the resin and enamel.\nEtching produces irregular and pitted surface with numerous microscopic undercuts with uneven dissolution of heads and tails, the latter being more resistant.\n\nRef: Textbook of Operative Dentistry, Nisha and Amit Garg, 3rd edition, Pg no:28,237', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 764c0c80-b716-45a1-9fe7-b13588090401 | [{'content': 'Central value of a set of 180 values can be obtained by \nSelect and explain. \nA. 2nd tertile, B. 90th percentile, C. 2nd quartile, D. 9th decile', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Quartile: Divides a distribution into 4 equal parts, so the number of intercepts required will be 3, i.e. Q1, Q2, Q3\n\n– So, Zero – Q1 covers 25% values\n– Similarly, Q2 – Q1, Q3 – Q2 and 100 – Q3 all cover 25% values each\n– Thus, Q2 – Zero, 100 – Q2 and Q3 – Q1 all cover 50% values each\n– Q1 divides a distribution in a ratio of 25 : 75 OR 1 : 3\n– Q2 divides a distribution in a ratio of 50 : 50 OR 1 : 1, Thus second quartile is equivalent to median\n– Q3 divides a distribution in a ratio of 75 : 25 OR 3 : 1.\nIn the given question, n = 180\nThus Q2 which is equivalent to median, divides a distribution in a ratio of 50 : 50 OR 1 : 1.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 73b84afd-bfc4-4fcb-aa45-345d1ef61dfc | [{'content': 'In order to reduce non-working side interference, reduce \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary supporting cusp, B. Mandibular supporting cusp, C. Both maxillary and mandibular supporting cusps, D. Either of the jaw’s supporting cusps', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | ec6967c1-a9cd-4905-966d-9c9b7bb5a8f2 | [{'content': 'What will be treatment plan for a parasymphysial fracture in a 55 year old man. \nSelect and explain. \nA. IMF for 3 weeks, B. IMF for 6 weeks, C. Compression plate is must, D. Non union will occur if reconstruction plate is not given', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f9c97abd-33dd-4262-b287-42f7bd033097 | [{'content': 'ADA sp. Number fir dental excavating burs: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 20, B. 21, C. 22, D. 23', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | fd188bc0-c100-44ae-bd1e-ef51e94e6425 | [{'content': 'False about enamel rods is \nSelect and explain. \nA. They are perpendicular to tooth surface, B. They are parallel to each other, C. Diameter of enamel rods is 30micrometer at DEJ, D. Diameter of enamel rod is 5 micrometer at DEJ', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Option C is false as diameter of enamel rod (avg) is 5 micrometer at DEJ and 8 micrometer at surface.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | 1a005431-798b-4360-83a1-01d29c494ca4 | [{'content': 'Radiographs are of no help in the diagnosis of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cementoma, B. Subluxation teeth, C. Acute alveolar abscess, D. Impacted canines', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | a35fecfa-0c54-497b-957c-58da96b3716a | [{'content': 'CPR should have a ratio of chest compression to mouth breathing of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1:04, B. 4:01, C. 2:03, D. 3:02', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 08650ad1-3a19-41f4-a1d6-8e44e6413aca | [{'content': 'The use of stress breaker in modern dentistry is avoided because \nSelect and explain. \nA. It affects abutment more, B. It affects alveolar ridge, C. It affects both abutment and alveolar ridge, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 914b925a-424d-4ca2-8a94-bdd73f14c65f | [{'content': "Which of the following does not complicate into CHF – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Co–relation of aorta, B. Transposition of great vessels, C. Tetralogy of fallot's, D. Patent ductus arteriorus", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: The ventricular septal defect of TOF is always large enough to allow free exit to the right to left shunt.\nSince the right ventricle is effectively decompressed by VSD, Congestive cardiac failure never occurs in TOE\nExceptions to this rule are : -\n\n\nAnemia\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\nInfective endocarditis\n\niii) Systemic hypertension\niv) Myocarditis complicating TOF\nV) Aortic or pulmonic regurgitation.\n\nRemember:\nFollowing do not occur in TOF -->\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 o Cardiomegaly\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 o CHF\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa0 o Recurrent chest infections', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2fd85795-3aca-4bd2-b367-256d33655e91 | [{'content': 'Leeway space is due to ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Space differential between deciduous canine and molar and their succedaneous permanent teeth, B. Space differential between deciduous incisors and their succedaneous permanent teeth, C. Difference between deciduous and permanent maxillary and mandibular canines only, D. Difference between deciduous and permanent maxillary and mandibular molars only', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: When the primary molars and canine are exfoliated the combined width of primary molars and canine are significantly larger than the premolars and permanent canine that replace them, and the “leeway space” provided by this difference offers an excellent opportunity of natural or orthodontic adjustment of occlusal relationships at the end of the dental transition', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 27a55dd4-2931-4c86-ba40-7f3b341c9b34 | [{'content': 'All are sensory to the palate except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve, B. Facial nerve, C. Glossopharyngeal nerve, D. Hypoglossal nerve', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 98893c1c-a979-476e-8b82-ef3bd2a02da7 | [{'content': "According to Weber-Fechner's law, strength of stimulus perceived is directly propoional to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Intensity of stimulus, B. Amplitude of action potential, C. Number of neurons stimulated, D. Number of receptors stimulated", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Intensity of stimulus(Ref: Guyton 13/e p615)According to Weber-Fechner\'s Law, strength of stimulus perceived is directly propoional to intensity of stimulus."Weber-Fechner Principle--Detection of "Ratio" of Stimulus Strength: In the mid 1800s, Weber first and Fechner later proposed the principle that gradations of stimulus strength are discriminated approximately in propoion to the logarithm of stimulus strength.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 5c1480fc-941a-40a6-895b-537be91bcadb | [{'content': 'In a functional implant, bone loss seen annually after 1 year is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1.5 to 2 mm, B. Less than 0.1 mm, C. 1 to 2 mm, D. 1 to 1.5 mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 73b821cd-6c0f-427f-bd1c-ccc14a5f4267 | [{'content': 'A baby presents with tetany. First thing to be done is administration of : \nSelect and explain. \nA. Diazepam, B. Vitamin D, C. Calcium gluconate, D. Calcitonin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: The baby presenting with tetany is hypocalcemic, so must be treated immediately with calcium gluconate I.V. Treatment of hypocalcemia.\nAcute or Severe Tetany\nThe objective of the treatment is to correct hypocalcemia immediately with calcium gluconate I.V\nMaintenance management of hypoparathyroidism and chronic hypocakenzia.\nThe objective is to maintain serum calcium and serum phosphase at approximately normal levels. It usually requires.\n\n1.\xa0Diet\xa0\xa0--->\xa0Calcium supplements and diet rich in calcium.\n2.\xa0Vitamin D supplementation\xa0\xa0--->\xa0Ergocakiferol or dihydrotachysterol.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 065b4850-1738-4a30-9c3f-1fb89d9c0123 | [{'content': 'Maximum level of alpha fetoprotein is seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fetal serum, B. Placenta, C. Amniotic fluid, D. Maternal serum', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Alpha fetoprotein is the most abundant protein in the fetal serum throughout fetal development.\nIt is transferred from fetus to amniotic fluid when fetus passes urine.\nThe concentration of AFP in amniotic fluid is approximately 100 folds less than in fetal serum, peaks at 13-14 weeks and then decreases in the second trimester (by 10% per week).\nAFP reaches the maternal serum by diffusion across the amniotic membranes and via the placenta.\nThe level of AFP in maternal serum is less than fetal serum as is suggested by:\n\n“Fetal serum contains AFP in a concentration 150 times that of maternal serum”.\nCOGDT 10/e, p 185\n“Ordinarily high level of fetoprotein are found in developing fetus and low levels exist in maternal serum and amniotic fluid”.\nMannual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Test Fishback 7/e, p 995', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 3e2e85ff-abd6-4b35-bab8-b5fe0b78bdd9 | [{'content': 'Anthracis causes which pulmonary manifestations- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Atypical pneumonia, B. Hemorrhagic mediastinitis, C. Lung abscess, D. Bronchopulmonary pneumonia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. Hemorrhagic mediastinitisA low-grade fever and a nonproductive cough. Substernal discomfo early in the illness. Inhalational anthrax progresses rapidly, causing hemorrhagic mediastinitisHigh feverSevere shoness of breathTachypneaCyanosisProfuse diaphoresisHematemesis', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | fedcc613-e577-40ff-a801-5d57fba1548e | [{'content': 'Which of the following vaccine is not included in EPI schedule \nSelect and explain. \nA. DPT, B. MMR, C. BCG, D. OPV', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 07c14e46-ad2b-4fde-8652-bd47b36e69ab | [{'content': 'Vasopressin antagonist acts on which pa of the nephron? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Proximal convoluted tubule, B. Distal convoluted tubule, C. Coical collecting tubule, D. Medullary collecting duct', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D (Medullary collecting duct)'The mechanism by which vasopressin exes its anti-diuretic effect is activated by V2 receptors and involves the inseion of aquaporin-2 into the apical (luminal) membranes at the principle cells of the collecting duct.'", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pharmacology | 604ef1a2-7595-4718-9f8c-12292063e19f | [{'content': 'Which of the following anti-tubercular drug can cause ophthalmological toxicity? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Isoniazid, B. Rifampicin, C. Ethambutol, D. Pyrazinamide', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ethambutol side effect: causes Red Green color blindness (Ophthalmological toxicity) Isoniazid side effects: Neurotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity. Pyrazinamide side effects: Hyperuricemia (gouty ahritis). Rifampicin side effects: Hepatotoxicity, orange red urine and tears etc.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 7a3a771f-2b56-4af8-b967-3c991b394bc6 | [{'content': 'Compared to unfractionated heparin, Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has reliable anticoagulant action because: \nSelect and explain. \nA. It interferes with thrombin and antithrombin III simultaneously, B. It is less protein bound, C. It is given subcutaneously, D. It is cleared by macrophages', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. It is less protein boundCompared to unfractionated heparin, Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has reliable anticoagulant action because it is less protein bound.Indications of LMW heparins:Prophylaxis of DVT and pulmonary embolism in high-risk patients undergoing surgery stroke or other immobilized patientsTreatment of established DVTUnstable anginaTo maintain patency of cannulae and shunts in dialysis patients and in extracorporeal circulation.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8abb6456-0bb3-4f01-83e4-138e341b3cd1 | [{'content': 'Rake angle for tungsten carbide burs: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Positive., B. Neutral., C. Slight negative., D. Both BC', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | ae3aa91a-4bfb-42a5-b8f6-7f8217e18fb0 | [{'content': 'You went to a sub center as pa of an audit. How many infants should be registered with a health worker working there? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 50, B. 100, C. 150, D. 200', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. 100Ref: K Park, 23d ed., pg. 524, 567Estimated no. of infants in a health sub centre covering 5000 population can be calculated as follows:No. of live bih = Bih rate x Population/ 1000= 20.4 x 5000/1000 = 102Infant moality for sub centre = No. of live bih x IMR/1000= 102 x 34/1000= 3.5 (for calculation purpose we assume it 4)Therefore, total number of infants = 102 -- 4= 98Hence correct answer is 100 (nearest value).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 01024fa5-94ba-4fa4-b322-6e9733f3553f | [{'content': 'Dr Bernhard Giesenhagen gave which of the following \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bone ring technique, B. Bone flap technique, C. Overlap technique, D. Bone pouch technique', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 99d8d535-2f50-4aeb-8e2e-f798f1aca579 | [{'content': 'Modification spaces are: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Spaces other than the original class, B. Space posterior to all teeth, C. Space anterior to all teeth, D. Additional space in class IV', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 464d6db1-cbf6-44c5-89b0-1599071e3a72 | [{'content': 'What is the nerve supply of the angle of the jaw? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandibular nerve, B. Maxillary nerve, C. Lesser occipital nerve, D. Greater auricular nerve', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Greater auricular nerve(Ref: Gray\'s 41Ie p407, 413, 40Ie p435)The skin over the angle of mandible is supplied by the greater auricular nerve, which carries branches from anterior ramus of C2 and C3. Branches of Upper Cervical Spinal NervesGreat auricular nerveBranches from anterior rami of 2" & 3rd cervical spinal nervesdegInnervates skin over the angle of mandible, parotid gland & earlobedegLesser occipital nerveBranches from anterior rami of 2" & 3rd cervical spinal nervesdegInnervates scalp behind the eardeg.Greater occipital nerveBranching off the posterior ramus of the 2" cervical spinal nervesdegInnervates scalp of occipital areadeg3rd occipital nerve:Branches off the posterior ramus of 3rd cervical nervedegInnervates scalp in occipital & sub occipital areasdeg.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 007d53f1-6364-4482-b62e-5b51134a222c | [{'content': 'A child has received full Rabies vaccination in December 2018 and now presented with oozing wound on Great toe and the pet had vaccination also. Next line of management is \nSelect and explain. \nA. No vaccine required, B. RIG + 5 doses of vaccine, C. 5 doses of vaccines only, D. 2 doses of Rabies vaccine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: According to NRCP 2015,National Rabies prophylaxis Guidelines (NRPG) says even the pet is vaccinated, no chance is taken, Rabies is 100% Fatal disease. So, Pet's vaccination status is not so relevant in India guidelines Post exposure prophylaxis. 2 IM doses of Rabies vaccine on Day 0,3. Day 0 3 7 14 28 ESSEN Regimen IM 1 1 1 1 1 THAI updated ID Red close R. 2 2 2 0 2 All these vaccinations come under primary level prevention & specific protection. New Recommended Regimens/ Schedules { NEW GUIDELINES} Type of prophylaxis Regimen POST EXPOSURE INTRAMUSCULAR Essen Regimen (1-1-1-1-1) Day 0,3,7,14,28 POST EXPOSURE INTRADERMAL Updated Thai Red Cross Regimen (2-2-2-0-2) Day 0,3,7,28 POST-EXPOSURE IN VACCINATED INDIVIDUALS Day 0,3 PRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS Day 0,7,21/28", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | d8ca247a-27e4-4f88-b2f8-10492994b912 | [{'content': 'All of the following are typically associated with the loss of 40% of the circulating blood volume except \nSelect and explain. \nA. A decrease in the blood pressure, B. A decrease in the central venous pressure, C. A decrease in the heart rate, D. A decrease in the urine output', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |