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โŒ€
๋งž๋‚˜์š”? ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด ๋งฅ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ๋„, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ๋„์š”.
Right? Like, we evolved on this planet in the context of all the other animals with which we share a planet, and all the other plants, and all the other microbes.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ์š”. ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ž์—ฐ์€์š”. ์ธ๋ฅ˜, ๋‚จ์ž ํ˜น์€ ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์†๊ธธ์ด ๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
And so I think that nature is not that which is untouched by humanity, man or woman.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ข…์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ‘ธ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋ž—๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๋Š” ์–ด๋””๋‚˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
I think that nature is anywhere where life thrives, anywhere where there are multiple species together, anywhere that's green and blue and thriving and filled with life and growing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ •์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ ธ์š”.
And under that definition, things look a little bit different.
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์ž, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํŠน์ • ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์š”. ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์„ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์ด์ฃ .
Now, I understand that there are certain parts of this nature that speak to us in a special way.
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์˜๋กœ์šฐ์Šคํ†ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋ชฝ๊ณจ์˜ ์Šคํ…์ง€๋Œ€๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ณด์ดˆ ํ˜น์€ ์„ธ๋ ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
Places like Yellowstone, or the Mongolian steppe, or the Great Barrier Reef or the Serengeti.
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์—๋ด๋™์‚ฐ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ํ‘œ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด์—์š”. ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง๊ฐ€๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ด์ฃ .
Places that we think of as kind of Edenic representations of a nature before we screwed everything up.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ผ์ƒ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„์š”.
And in a way, they are less impacted by our day to day activities.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธธ์ด ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํƒœ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
Many of these places have no roads or few roads, so on, like such.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—๋ด๋™์‚ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊นŠ์ˆ™์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ์š”.
But ultimately, even these Edens are deeply influenced by humans.
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๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋‹ฟ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
Now, let's just take North America, for example, since that's where we're meeting.
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์•ฝ 1๋งŒ 5์ฒœ๋…„ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์™”๊ณ  ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด๋กœ์จ ๋ฉ์น˜ ํฐ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฉธ์ข…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ . ๋งˆ์Šคํ† ๋ˆ, ๋•…๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š˜๋ณด ๊ฒ€์น˜ํ˜ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์—์š”. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋™๋ฌผ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
So between about 15,000 years ago when people first came here, they started a process of interacting with the nature that led to the extinction of a big slew of large-bodied animals, from the mastodon to the giant ground sloth, saber-toothed cats, all of these cool animals that unfortunately are no longer with us.
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๊ทธ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฉธ์ข…์— ์ฒ˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋งŒ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
And when those animals went extinct, you know, the ecosystems didn't stand still.
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๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ์›์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ˆฒ์ง€๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ์ˆฒ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
Massive ripple effects changed grasslands into forests, changed the composition of forest from one tree to another.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—๋ด๋™์‚ฐ์กฐ์ฐจ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์กฐ์ฐจ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋“ฏ ๋ณด์—ฌ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ™”๋œ ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
So even in these Edens, even in these perfect-looking places that seem to remind us of a past before humans, we're essentially looking at a humanized landscape.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ  ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ƒ์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ํ† ์ฐฉ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‹๋ฏผ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ค„๊ณง ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
Not just these prehistoric humans, but historical humans, indigenous people all the way up until the moment when the first colonizers showed up.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๋„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
And the case is the same for the other continents as well.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ์š”.
Humans have just been involved in nature in a very influential way for a very long time.
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์˜ค, ์•„์ง ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
Now, just recently, someone told me, "Oh, but there are still wild places."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์–ด๋””์š”? ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ๋ž˜์š”."
And I said, "Where? Where? I want to go."
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์™ˆ, "์•„๋งˆ์กด์ด์š”."
And he said, "The Amazon."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์˜ค, ์•„๋งˆ์กด. ๊ฑฐ๊ธธ ๊ฐ”์—ˆ์–ด์š”."
And I was like, "Oh, the Amazon. I was just there.
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๊ต‰์žฅํ–ˆ์ฃ . ๋‚ด์…”๋„ ์ง€์˜ค๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์ด ๋งˆ๋ˆ„๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์— ๋ณด๋‚ด์คฌ์ฃ . ํŽ˜๋ฃจ ์•„๋งˆ์กด ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฒ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธธ์„ ๋‚ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ . ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ผ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต์›๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
It's awesome. National Geographic sent me to Manรบ National Park, which is in the Peruvian Amazon, but it's a big chunk of rainforest, uncleared, no roads, protected as a national park, one of the most, in fact, biodiverse parks in the world.
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์นด๋ˆ„๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
And when I got in there with my canoe, what did I find, but people.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„, ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์š”.
People have been living there for hundreds and thousands of years.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์ •๊ธ€์„ ๋„˜์–ด์˜ค์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
People live there, and they don't just float over the jungle.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
They have a meaningful relationship with the landscape.
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ํ•ด์š”. ๊ณก์‹์„ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์š”.
They hunt. They grow crops.
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๊ณก์‹์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜์ฃ .
They domesticate crops.
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์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ง‘์„ ์ง€์–ด์š”. ์ง‘์„ ์—ฎ์–ด์š”.
They use the natural resources to build their houses, to thatch their houses.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„์š”.
They even make pets out of animals that we consider to be wild animals.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ . ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ์š”.
These people are there and they're interacting with the environment in a way that's really meaningful and that you can see in the environment.
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์ด ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . ๊ฐ•์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ์š”. "์•„๋งˆ์กด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด์š”."
Now, I was with an anthropologist on this trip, and he told me, as we were floating down the river, he said, "There are no demographic voids in the Amazon."
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์ด ๋ง์€ ์ •๋ง ๊นŠ์ด ๋‚จ์•˜์–ด์š”. ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„๋งˆ์กด์ด ์ด๋ ‡๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜€์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
This statement has really stuck with me, because what it means is that the whole Amazon is like this.
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์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
There's people everywhere.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ด๋Œ€๋ฆผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. ๊ทธ์ € ์—ด๋Œ€๋ฆผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
And many other tropical forests are the same, and not just tropical forests.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ฃ . ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋” ํž˜๋“  ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค˜์š”.
People have influenced ecosystems in the past, and they continue to influence them in the present, even in places where they're harder to notice.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์†๊ธธ์ด ๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •์˜์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
So, if all of the definitions of nature that we might want to use that involve it being untouched by humanity or not having people in it, if all of those actually give us a result where we don't have any nature, then maybe they're the wrong definitions.
IWSLT2017
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์—์š”. ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ข…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€. ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€.
Maybe we should define it by the presence of multiple species, by the presence of a thriving life.
IWSLT2017
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์–ป์„๊นŒ์š”?
Now, if we do it that way, what do we get?
IWSLT2017
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์ž, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด์—์š”.
Well, it's this kind of miracle.
IWSLT2017
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์— ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
All of a sudden, there's nature all around us.
IWSLT2017
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ฃผ ์• ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์š”. ์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ‰์•„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ . ์ž์—ฐ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ฑ„ํ„ฐ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€์˜ ๋นˆ ๊ณตํ„ฐ์— ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
All of a sudden, we see this Monarch caterpillar munching on this plant, and we realize that there it is, and it's in this empty lot in Chattanooga.
IWSLT2017
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์ด ๋นˆ ๊ณตํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
And look at this empty lot.
IWSLT2017
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์—ฌ ์ข…์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์˜จ๊ฐ– ๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์ด๊ณ  ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด์—์š”.
I mean, there's, like, probably, a dozen, minimum, plant species growing there, supporting all kinds of insect life, and this is a completely unmanaged space, a completely wild space.
IWSLT2017
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์•ผ์ƒ ์ž์—ฐ์ด๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฝ” ์•ž์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์•Œ์•„์ฑ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
This is a kind of wild nature right under our nose, that we don't even notice.
IWSLT2017
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ ์ž‘์€ ์—ญ์„ค๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
And there's an interesting little paradox, too.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ฑฐ๋“ค๋– ๋ณด์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋Š” ๋„์‹œ, ๋„์‹œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€, ์™ธ๊ณฝ ๋†์—… ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ผ์ƒ์ด์—์š”. ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So this nature, this kind of wild, untended part of our urban, peri-urban, suburban agricultural existence that flies under the radar, it's arguably more wild than a national park, because national parks are very carefully managed in the 21st century.
IWSLT2017
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๋‚จ ์˜ค๋ ˆ๊ณค์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”๊ตฌ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์ธ๋ฐ์š”. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์น˜๋ฅผ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Crater Lake in southern Oregon, which is my closest national park, is a beautiful example of a landscape that seems to be coming out of the past.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์š”.
But they're managing it carefully.
IWSLT2017
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์–€ ๊ป์งˆ ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฉธ์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
One of the issues they have now is white bark pine die-off.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜์–€ ๊ป์งˆ ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žก๋Š” ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
White bark pine is a beautiful, charismatic -- I'll say it's a charismatic megaflora that grows up at high altitude -- and it's got all these problems right now with disease.
IWSLT2017
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๋ฐœ์ง„ ๋…น๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ข€์— ๊ฒฐ๋ ธ์–ด์š”. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๋‹จ์€ ๋…น๋ณ‘์„ ๋ง‰์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ํ•˜์–€ ๊ป์งˆ ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฌ˜๋ชฉ์„ ์‹ฌ์–ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•ผ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ๋„์š”.
There's a blister rust that was introduced, So to deal with this, the park service has been planting rust-resistant white bark pine seedlings in the park, even in areas that they are otherwise managing as wilderness.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ข€ ๋ฐฉ์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฒˆ ํ•˜์ดํ‚น ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ๋ดค์ฃ .
And they're also putting out beetle repellent in key areas as I saw last time I went hiking there.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ํ”ํ•ด์š”.
And this kind of thing is really much more common than you would think.
IWSLT2017
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๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์€ ๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์š”.
National parks are heavily managed.
IWSLT2017
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์•ผ์ƒ์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ตฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
The wildlife is kept to a certain population size and structure.
IWSLT2017
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ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ต์ œ๋ผ์š”.
Fires are suppressed.
IWSLT2017
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ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ผ์š”.
Fires are started.
IWSLT2017
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ํ† ์ข…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์š”.
Non-native species are removed.
IWSLT2017
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ํ† ์ข…์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์š”.
Native species are reintroduced.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—” ๋ฐดํ”„๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์›์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํ™”์žฌ ์–ต์ œ, ํ™”์žฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋Š‘๋Œ€์™€ ๋ฌด์„  ์†ก์‹ , ๋ฌผ์†Œ ์žฌ ๋„์ž….
And in fact, I took a look, and Banff National Park is doing all of the things I just listed: suppressing fire, having fire, radio-collaring wolves, reintroducing bison.
IWSLT2017
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์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‘๋ ค๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
It takes a lot of work to make these places look untouched.
IWSLT2017
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๋”์šฑ ์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
And in a further irony, these places that we love the most are the places that we love a little too hard, sometimes.
IWSLT2017
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ด์š”. ๊ฑฐ๊ธธ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”. ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋งž์„œ๋ฉด์„œ์š”. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
A lot of us like to go there, and because we're managing them to be stable in the face of a changing planet, they often are becoming more fragile over time.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ๋ฐฉํ•™๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์—” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ˆ์š”. ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
Which means that they're the absolute worst places to take your children on vacation, because you can't do anything there.
IWSLT2017
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
You can't climb the trees.
IWSLT2017
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๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชป ์žก์•„์š”.
You can't fish the fish.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋”” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‹ฅ๋ถˆ์„ ํ”ผ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”.
You can't make a campfire out in the middle of nowhere.
IWSLT2017
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์†”๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ์ง‘์— ๋ชป ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์š”.
You can't take home the pinecones.
IWSLT2017
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๋งŽ์€ ์›์น™๊ณผ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ฃ . ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ๋ญ๋ž„๊นŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์ž์—ฐ์ด์—์š”.
There are so many rules and restrictions that from a child's point of view, this is, like, the worst nature ever.
IWSLT2017
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฒฝ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•˜์ดํ‚น ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์ „๋ง ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์ฃ .
Because children don't want to hike through a beautiful landscape for five hours and then look at a beautiful view.
IWSLT2017
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์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์ชผ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•‰์•„ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๋งŒ์ง€์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ฝ‘์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง‘์„ ์ง“๊ณ  ์š”์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
That's maybe what we want to do as adults, but what kids want to do is hunker down in one spot and just tinker with it, just work with it, just pick it up, build a house, build a fort, do something like that.
IWSLT2017
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๋ง๋ถ™์ด์ž๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—๋ด๋™์‚ฐ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ๊ณผ ๋จผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Additionally, these sort of Edenic places are often distant from where people live.
IWSLT2017
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๊ฐ€๊ธฐ์—” ๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋“ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”.
And they're expensive to get to. They're hard to visit.
IWSLT2017
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์ฆ‰ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด๋‚˜ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ˆ์š”. ์ •๋ง ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
So this means that they're only available to the elites, and that's a real problem.
IWSLT2017
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์ž์—ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž์ฃผ ์‹ค์™ธ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
The Nature Conservancy did a survey of young people, and they asked them, how often do you spend time outdoors?
IWSLT2017
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๊ณ ์ž‘ 2/5 ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด๋„ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์‹ค์™ธ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์š”.
And only two out of five spent time outdoors at least once a week.
IWSLT2017
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3/5๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋จธ๋ฌธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
The other three out of five were just staying inside.
IWSLT2017
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์™œ๋ƒ๊ณ , ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ๋˜๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ . 61%์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์€์š”. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์ž์—ฐ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”."
And when they asked them why, what are the barriers to going outside, the response of 61 percent was, "There are no natural areas near my home."
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋ผ์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ๊ฑฐ์ง“์ด์—์š”.
And this is crazy. This is just patently false.
IWSLT2017
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์ œ ๋ง์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ 71%์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฑธ์–ด์„œ 10๋ถ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์‹œ ๊ณต์›์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
I mean, 71 percent of people in the US live within a 10-minute walk of a city park.
IWSLT2017
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ํ™•์‹ ์ปจ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์š”.
And I'm sure the figures are similar in other countries.
IWSLT2017
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น ์ •์›๊ณผ ๋„์‹ฌ ๊ฐœ์šธ, ๋นˆ ๊ณตํ„ฐ๋Š” ์•ˆ ์…Œ์–ด์š”.
And that doesn't even count your back garden, the urban creek, the empty lot.
IWSLT2017
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์‚ด์•„์š”.
Everybody lives near nature.
IWSLT2017
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๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์‚ด์•„์š”.
Every kid lives near nature.
IWSLT2017
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์›ฌ์ผ์ธ์ง€ ์ž์—ฐ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์žŠ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
We've just somehow forgotten how to see it.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ์ด๋น„๋“œ ์•„ํ…๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋ดค์–ด์š”. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์ž์—ฐ์€ ์ •๋ง ์„น์‹œํ–ˆ์ฃ . ๋˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ–์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ, ๋„์‹ฌ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ์ง€ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
We've spent too much time watching David Attenborough documentaries where the nature is really sexy -- and we've forgotten how to see the nature that is literally right outside our door, the nature of the street tree.
IWSLT2017
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So here's an example: Philadelphia.
IWSLT2017
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์ง€์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ . ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
There's this cool elevated railway that you can see from the ground, that's been abandoned.
IWSLT2017
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๋งจํ•ดํŠผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ ๋กœ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”. ์•„์ง ๊ณต์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋งŒ ๋นผ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ด์š”.
Now, this may sound like the beginning of the High Line story in Manhattan, and it's very similar, except they haven't developed this into a park yet, although they're working on it.
IWSLT2017
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์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€ ํ™ฉ๋ฌด์ง€์˜ˆ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ฒด์ธ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๋‹ด์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ผ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋ชฉ์ดˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์‹œ ์œ„์ชฝ์— ๋–  ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด์š”.
So for now, it's still this little sort of secret wilderness in the heart of Philadelphia, and if you know where the hole is in the chain-link fence, you can scramble up to the top and you can find this completely wild meadow just floating above the city of Philadelphia.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹๋ฌผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์”จ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹๋ฌผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์‹ฌ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
Every single one of these plants grew from a seed that planted itself there.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž์œจ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ž์—ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is completely autonomous, self-willed nature.
IWSLT2017
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๋„์‹œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
And it's right in the middle of the city.
IWSLT2017
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์ƒ๋ฌผ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. ๊ทธ๊ณณ์€ 50์ข… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹๋ฌผ ์ข…์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
And they've sent people up there to do sort of biosurveys, and there are over 50 plant species up there.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”.
And it's not just plants.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ˆ์š”.
This is an ecosystem, a functioning ecosystem.
IWSLT2017
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ํ™์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์š”. ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
It's creating soil. It's sequestering carbon.
IWSLT2017
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์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
There's pollination going on.
IWSLT2017
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